q423 M962 v. 4 pt. 1 OF THE U N IVER.5 ITY Of ILLINOIS “S'& BOOKSTACKS lo,es,Da,rs t aX r °d W be1o°w n “ brfore “«= ,or dUcIplhZO? 2"ll~ na ° f , l T kS ° r ° reo *on* Hi* Onivsrifty. ° y re,u f ,n dismissal from TO RENEW CAU TELEPHONE CENTER 333 8400 SEP 2 4 ?r>Q 2 prevLuTdue dat y e Ph ° ne ’ ^” Wdue date bel °w L162 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates https://archive.org/details/newenglishdictio41 murr A NEW ENGLISH DICTIONARY ON HISTORICAL PRINCIPLES; FOUNDED MAINLY ON THE MATERIALS COLLECTED BY €\je ipijtlolDsital j&ocutg. EDITED BY JAMES A. H. MURRAY, B.A. LOND., M.A. OXON., LL.D. EDIN., LL.D. GLASG., D.C.L. DUNELM., PH.D. FREIBURG IM BREISGAU, ETC. SOMETIME PRESIDENT OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF MANY SCHOLARS AND MEN OF SCIENCE. VOLUME IV. F AND G. PART I. F, By HENRY BRADLEY., OXFORD: AT THE CLARENDON PRESS. 1901. \All rights reserved.] * 4Z3 V ^ 1 pf■ 1 iinii n i KEY TO THE PRONUNCIATION, I. CONSONANTS. b, d, f, k, 1, m, n, p, t, v, z have their usual values. h r i s w h\v y go (g<*i). h as in th in (J>in), ba th (ba)>). (FOREIGN.) ho ! (hou). 8 . .. then (Sen), ba the (be'S). 11 as in French nasal, environ (ahvz'ron). run (ron), terrier (te'riai). f • .. sharp (Jf»p), dish (dif). l y . . It. seraglio (so .a 1 ho). her (hai), farther (fauSai). • . cho p (tjfip), ditch (ditj). nr . . It. signore (sm y oTo). ree (si), cess (ses). 3 • .. virion (vi'jan), de/euner (depone). X • . Ger. a ch (ay), Sc. loch (loy, lc>x w ). wen (wen). . .. Judge (d3»d3). x y . . Ger. i ch (ix y ), Sc. nie/it (nex y t). when (hwen). ») • . singing (si-gig), think (Jjirjk). 7 • . Ger. sa^n (za-yen). yes (yes). IS • . finger (figgai). 7 y • . Ger. le^en, reg-nen (l,(>*■■ got (gf't), soft (s^ft). II6 ... Ger. Koln (koln). II o ... Fr. pea (po). u ... fall (ful), book (buk). iu ... duration (diure^Jan). u ... unto (mntn), fragality (fra-), ia ... Matthew (mre'Jha), virtae (vautia). IIii ... Ger. Mailer (mirier). || a ... Fr. dane (dan), o (see !•>, e®, o®, ii®) ', u (see e 1 , o a ) ’ as in able (e>b’l), eaten (it’n) = voice-glide. see Vol. I, p. xxiv, note 3. II. VOWELS. LONG. a as in alms (amz), bar (bar). v ... carl (kail), far (for), e (e®)... there (@e®r), pear, pare (pe®i). e(e*)... refn, rain (re'n), they (So 1 ), g ... Fr. fafre (fgr’). a ... fir (far), fern (fain), earth (ar]i). I (I®)... bier (bl®r), clear (kll®r). i ... thief (J>if), see (si). 0(0®)... boar, bore (bo®i), glory (glo® - ri). 0(0-0)... so, sow (so®), soal (so“l). 9 ... wa/k (wgk), wart (wg.it). p ... short (Jgit), thorn ()y.m). ||6 ... Fr. coear (kor). || 0 ... Ger. Gothe (gote), Fr. je/Jne (30'n). u(ii®) .. poor (pu®r), moorish (mu®TiJ). iu,‘u... pare (piu®r), lare (l'u®r). a ... two moons (ta manz). iii, 'a... few (fia), late (Pat). [| ii ... Ger. gran (gran), Fr. jas (3a). OBSCURE. a as in amceba (amfba). re ... accept (rekse'pt), maniac (me’mirek). datam (de'hom). moment (mo“'ment), several (seweral), separate (ad/.) (se'paret). added (oe’ded), estate (este^t). vanity (vre'mti). remain (ri’me'm), believe (bzlihr). theory (Jirori). violet (vai'olet), parody (pre'rodi). aathority (glo'riti). connect (kgne'kt), amazon (re’mazpn). iu, *u verdare (vaudiui), measare (me^'iir). ii ... altogether (gltiige'Sai). ia ... circular (saukialai). * P the 0 in soft, of medial or doubtful length. Only in foreign (or earlier English) words. In the Etymology, OE. e, o, representing an earlier a, are distinguished as g, p (having the phonetic value of g and p, or q, above); as in g tide from andi (OIIG. anli, Goth, andei-s), mpnn from mann, pn from an. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, SIGNS, &c. a. [in Etymol.] ... = adoption of, adopted from. a (as a 1300) . = ante, before. a., adj., adj. = adjective. absol., absol. = absolutely. abst. = abstract. acc. = accusative. ad. [in Etymol.]... = adaptation of. adj., adv. -- adverb. advb. = adverbial, -ly. AF., AFr. = Anglo-French. Anat . = in Anatomy. Antiq . = in Antiquities. aphet. = aphetic, aphetized. app.. = apparently. Arab. = Arabic. Arch . = in Architecture. arch . = archaic. Archseol. . = in Archaeology. assoc. = association. Astr. . = in Astronomy. Astro!. . = in Astrology. attrib . = attributive, -ly. bef.. = before. Biol. . = in Biology. Boh. - Bohemian. Bot. . = in Botany. Build. . = in Building. c (as c 1300) . = circa , about. c. (as 13th c.). = century. Cat. = Catalan. catachr . = catachrestically. Cf., cf.. - confer, compare. Chem . = in Chemistry. cl. L. = classical Latin. cogn. w. = cognate with. collect . = collective, -ljr colloq . = colloquially. comb. = combined, -iug. Comb . = Combinations. Comm . — in commercial usage. comp. = compound, composition. compl. = complement. Conch . = in Conchology concr . = concretely. conj. . = conjunction. cons. = consonant. Const., Const. ... — Construction, construed with. Cryst . = in Crystallography. (D.) . = in Davies (Supp. Eng. Glossary). Da.. = Danish. dat. = dative. def. . = definite. deriv. . = derivative, -ation. dial., dial. . = dialect, -al. Diet. = Dictionary. dim. . — diminutive. Du. = Dutch. Eccl. . — in ecclesiastical usage. ellipt . = elliptical, -ly. e. midi. = east midland (dialect). Eng. — English. Ent . = in Entomology. erron. = erroneous, -ly. esp., esp. = especially. etym. ... . = etymology. euphem . = euphemistically. exc. = except. f. [in Etymol.] ... = formed on. f. (in subordinate entries) . = form of. fem. (rarely f.) ... = feminine. fig. . = figurative, -ly. F. , Fr. - French. freq. == frequently. Fris. = F'risian. G. , Ger. = German. Gael. - Gaelic. gen. gen . gen. sign. Geol . Geom . Goth. Gr. Gram . Heb. Her. .... Herb . Hort . imp . impers. . impf. .... ind. . indef. .... inf. . inf!. inf. . intr . It. (Jam.), (Jod.). L. — genitive. = general, -ly. = general signification. = in Geology. = in Geometry. — Gothic ( — Mceso-Gothic). = Greek. = in Grammar. = Hebrew. = in Heraldry. = with herbalists. = in Horticulture. = Imperative. = impersonal. = imperfect. = Indicative. = indefinite. = Infinitive. = influenced. = interjection. = intransitive. — Italian. = Johnson (quotation from). = in Jamieson, Scottish Diet. = Jodrell (quoted from). = Latin. (L.)(in quotations) = Latham’s edn. of Todd’s lang. = language. [Johnson, LG. = Low German. lit. — literal, -ly. Lith. — Lithuanian. LXX. = Septuagint. Mai. = Malay. masc. (rarely m.) = masculine. Math . = in Mathematics. ME. = Middle English. Med. . = in Medicine. med.L. = mediaeval Latin. Mech . = in Mechanics. Metaph. . = in Metaphysics. MHG. = Middle High German. midi. = midland (dialect). Mil. . = in military usage. Min . = in Mineralogy. mod. - modern. Mus . = in Music. (N.) . = Nares (quoted from) n. of action.. = noun of action. n. of agent. = noun of agent. Nat. Hist . = in Natural History. Naut . = in nautical language. neut. (rarely n.) = neuter. NF., NFr. = Northern French. N. O. = Natural Order. llOm. = nominative. north. = northern (dialect). N. T. = New Testament. Numism . = in Numismatics. obj. = object. Obs., obs ., obs. ... = obsolete. occas. = occasional, -ly. OE. = Old English (= Anglo- Saxon). OF., OFr. = Old French. OFris. = Old Frisian. OIIG. = Old High German. OIr.. = Old Irish. ON. = Old Norse (Old Icelandic). ONF. = Old Northern French. Opt . = in Optics. Ornith . = in Ornithology. OS. = Old Saxon. OS 1 . = Old Slavonic. O. T. = Old Testament. OTeut. = Original Teutonic. orig. = original, -ly. Palseont . = in Palaeontology. pa. pple. = passive or past participle. pass . = passive, -ly. pa. t. = past tense. Path . — in Pathology. perh. - perhaps. Pers. = Persian. pers. . - person, -al. pf. . = perfect. Pg. . = Portuguese. Philol. . = in Philology. phonet. = phonetic, -ally. phr. . = phrase. Phren . = in Phrenology. Phys . = in Physiology. pi.,//. = plural. poet. . = poetic. pop. = popular, -ly. ppl. a., ppl. adj.... = participial adjective. pple. = participle. Pr. = Provenfal. prec. = preceding (word or article). pref. . = prefix. prep . = preposition. pres ... = present. Prim, sign . = Primary signification. priv. = privative. prob. - probably. pron. . = pronoun. pronunc.. = pronunciation. prop. . = properly. Pros . = in Prosody. pr. pple. = present participle. Psych . = in Psychology. q.v. = quod vide, which see. (R.) = in Richardson’s Diet. R. C. Ch. = Roman Catholic Church. refash. = refashioned, -ing. refi., refl. = reflexive. reg. = regular. repr. . = representative, representing. Rhet . = in Rhetoric. Rom. = Romanic, Romance. sb., sb . = substantive. Sc. = Scotch. sc. = scilicet, understand or supply. sing. . - singular. Skr. = Sanskrit. Slav. .. = Slavonic. Sp. = Spanish. sp. = spelling. spec . = specifically. subj. — subject, subjunctive. subord. cl. . — subordinate clause. subseq. = subsequently. subst. - substantively. suff.. = suffix. superl. = superlative. Surg. . = in Surgery. Sw. = Swedish. s.w. - south western (dialect). T. (T.) . — in Todd’s Johnson. iechn. . = technical, -ly. Theol. . - in Theology. tr. . = translation of. irans . = transitive. transf. . = transferred sense. Trig. . = in Trigonometry. Typog . = in Typography. ult. = ultimate, -ly. unkn. - unknown. U. S. = United States. v., vb. -- verb. v. sir., or w . = verb strong, or weak. vbl. sb . = verbal substantive. var. = variant of. wd. = word. WGer. = West Germanic. w. midl. = west midland (dialect). WS. - West Saxon. (Y.). = in Col. Yule’s Glossary. Zool. . = in Zoology. Before a word or sense. + = obsolete. || = not naturalized. In the quotations. * sometimes points out the word illustrated. The printing of a word in SMALL In the list of Forms. 1 — before 1100. 2 = 12th c. (1100 to 1200). 3 — 13th c. (1200 to 1300). 5-7 = 15th to 17th century. (See General Explan¬ ations, Vol. I, p. xx.) Capitals indicates that further information will be In the Etymol. * indicates a word or form not actually found, but of which the existence is inferred. = extant representative, or regular phonetic descendant of. found under the word so referred to. PREFATORY NOTE TO F. The half-volume of the Dictionary containing the words beginning with F includes 9,339 Main words, 1,419 Subordinate entries, and 2,849 Special combinations explained under the Main words, making a total of 13,607 words, besides 3,459 Obvious combinations recorded and for the most part illustrated by quotations, without separate explanation. Of the Main words, 2,364, or 25! °/ 0 , are marked (f) as obsolete, and 215, or 2} °/ Q , are marked (||) as alien or imperfectly naturalized. Except for the total absence of words directly taken from Greek, the portion of the English vocabulary treated in this half-volume is representative of all the various sources which have contributed to the formation of the language. The words that have come down from Old English are very numerous, and many of them have necessarily occupied an unusually large proportion of space, on account of the great variety of senses and applications which they have acquired in the course of their long history. The verb fall and its related substantive, with their derivatives and combinations, occupy nearly ten pages. Among other long articles may be mentioned those on fast, father, fear, feel, fetch, field, fill, find, fire, fish, flesh, flozv, fly, food, foot, foul , friend, full. Under all these words will be found recorded, and authenticated by quotations, many senses hitherto overlooked by lexicographers. The articles on the words for , forth, and from , have cost much thought and research, and it is hoped that they will form a substantial contribution to English grammar, and will be found serviceable in elucidating many hitherto obscure passages in our older writers. The Scandinavian element in the language is represented by several important words, including fellow (the academic use of which has never before been correctly explained in an English dictionary), flat, and fling. The words of Romanic and Latin derivation are perhaps even more numerous than those of Old-English descent, and are unusually interesting. It so happens that while the Romanic and Latin derivatives occurring under the first five letters of the alphabet are for the most part merely literary, or belong to the technical or the scientific vocabulary, those under F include a large number of the familiar words of everyday speech, such as fable, face, fact, fade, fail, faint, fairy, faith, false, fame, family, famine, fancy, fantastic, farce, farm, fashion, fate, fatigue, fault, favour, feast, feat, feature, feign, felon, female, fence, fender, ferment, ferret, festive, fiction, fierce, fig, figure, file, finance, fine, finish, firm, fix, flame, flavour, flounce, flour, flourish, flower, focus, foil, folly, foment, fool, force, foreign, forfeit, forge, fork, form, formal, fort, fortify, fortress, fortune, fossil , foundation, fountain, fraction, frail, franchise, frank, frantic, fray, frenzy, frequent, friction, fringe, fritter, frivolous, frock, front, frontier, frown, frugal, fruit, fry, fugitive, fume, function, fund, funeral, fungus, funnel, fur, furnace, furnish, furniture, fury, fuse, fusion, fusty, futile, future, etc. As these words, though of foreign origin, have long been completely established in popular currency, they have in most instances developed many new senses in addition to those which they had already acquired in the languages from which they are taken, and the articles devoted to them are therefore usually of considerable length. A remarkable characteristic of the portion of the vocabulary here treated is the abundance of onomatopoeic formations, and of words which, though having a definite etymology, have been felt to have an inherent expressiveness in their sound which has influenced their development of meaning: such, for example, as fizz, flab, flap, flash, fleer, flick, flip, flop, flounce, flounder, flump, flurry, flush, flutter, fumble, fuzz. The almost total absence of terms of purely scientific application beginning with F is partly due to the fact that the great mass of English scientific terms are either formed from Greek elements, or contain Latin prefixes. As has been already stated, no word of immediate Greek derivation begins in modern English orthography with F. If a phonetic system of spelling had been adopted in English, the proportion Qt' scientific terms under the letter would have been very large, as it would have included the many Greek derivatives which are now spelt with initial Ph-. The letter F is also remarkable in containing no words beginning with Latin prefixes, which in all the earlier letters occur in considerable numbers. Most of the scientific terms which are found in this portion of the Dictionary are special applications of words which are popularly current in non-technical senses. In the explanation of these the assistance of eminent specialists has been obtained. Although much of the ‘ encyclopaedic ’ matter which it has been the custom to insert in English dictionaries is of set purpose excluded from this work as being alien to its scope, the current senses of scientific terms are often given with greater precision than in previous dictionaries, and many interesting facts with regard to their origin and history have for the first time been brought to light. Among the articles which contain material of value to students of legal history may be mentioned those on farm, fee, felony, feoffee, feu, feud, fine, franchise, frankpledge, frithborh. In most of the Law PREFATORY NOTE TO THE LETTER F. viii Dictionaries, and hence in some dictionaries of the English language, there appear many alleged terms of early English law which have no real existence, having been evolved from misreadings or mis¬ understandings of the texts. It has not always been thought worth while to occupy space in recording these figments; but in a few cases (as under ficrding-court), where the error has obtained some general currency, its origin has been briefly pointed out. In the etymologies, the conclusions reached by earlier investigators have been carefully considered in the light of the new evidence afforded by the quotations, and of the general results of recent philological research. Among the articles containing etymological facts or suggestions not found in earlier dictionaries may be mentioned those on the words factotum , fade, failure, fake, fall, fallow, fuller, far, farther, farce , farm, fathom, favel, favella, fee, feeze, felon, feud, flamfew, flamingo, flannel, flask, flavour, flee, flccch, flippant, flounder, focile, fog, and foggy, fogger (with which compare the later articles fooker, fozvkcr, fulker), foist vb., follow, frantic, free, fresh, fret, frill, frith sb. 2 , frizzle, frock, froe, frog, frough, fudge, full v. 1 (to baptize), funnel, fur, further, fuss, fylfot . In this department I have received continued help from Prof. Sievers, now of Leipzig, Prof. Napier, Oxford, and Monsieur Paul Meyer, and on particular questions from other scholars, among whom are the Principal' of Jesus College, Oxford, the Rev. Canon D. Silvan Evans, Dr. H. Sweet, Oxford, Prof. J. H. Gallee, Utrecht, and Monsieur A. Hatzfeld. The material for the letter F, so far as it existed in 1875, was sub-edited, according to the original plan of the Dictionary, by the Rev. G. Wheelwright, who printed a specimen (8 pages qto) containing Fa — Face. The earlier portion was afterwards taken in hand by the Rev. G. B. R. Bousfield, B.A., and Mr. J. Peto, the former of whom sub-edited F — Fi, and the latter FI- to Floun. I have to record, with great regret, the removal by death of both these valued helpers in the work of the Dictionary. Owing to this and to other circumstances, it was not found possible to obtain outside help in the preliminary arrangement of the material from Flu- onwards. I have to acknowledge with gratitude the continued and unremitting labour of Mr. Fitzedward Hall, D.C.L., who has enriched every page with new and valuable quotations. Lord Aldenham, the Rev. Dr. J. T. Fowler, of Durham, and Mr. W. H. Stevenson, M.A., Exeter College, Oxford, have also read all the first proofs, and have often suggested important improvements. Occasional assistance in special departments has been received from most of those whose names are mentioned in the Prefatory Note to the letter E, especially from Mr. A. Beazeley, C.E. ; Sir F. Pollock, Bart,; Mr. R. B. Prosser; Mr. W. Sykes, M.R.C.S. (now of Gosport). The constant (almost daily) help rendered by Dr. Furnivall it would be impossible adequately to acknowledge. Thanks for information or advice on the treatment of particular words are also due to Mr. A. Caland, Wageningen, Holland; Mr. W. T. Thisclton-Dyer, Royal Gardens, Kew; Mr. H. T. Gerrans, M.A., Oxford; Mr. James Hammond, M.A.; Mr. George Heppel, M.A. ; Mr. A. F. Leach, M.A. ; Prof. Maitland, Cambridge; the Rev. H. Rashdall, M.A.; Mr. J. M. Rigg; and Mr. R. J. Whitwell. My assistants in the preparation of this half-volume (to whom I owe most cordial thanks for their painstaking and zealous co-operation) are Mr. G. F. H. Sykes, B.A.; Mr. Walter Worrall, B.A.; Mr. W. J. Lewis; Mr. H. J. Bayliss, and (latterly) Miss E. S. Bradley. In the proof-reading I have, as before, been ably assisted by Mr. A. Erlebach, B.A. My removal to Oxford, which took place in the middle of 1896, has, by enabling me to confer with my assistants personally instead of by correspondence, materially facilitated my work, and the results are already visible in the greatly increased rapidity with which the copy has been produced. HENRY BRADLEY. Oxford, October 1S97. EMENDATIONS. Falcon-gentle. ‘ The falcon-gentle is the female of the peregrine, not of the goshawk . . and her male is the tercel-gentle.’ (D. II. Madden, Diary of Master William Silence, 1897, p. 376.) Faldstool. The explanation given of the OE. form fyldcstSl is incorrect; cf. the gloss ‘volumina, fyldas ’ in Zeitschrift f. deutsches Alterthum, IX. 494. Fastgong, Fastingong. The ON. forms fgslu-gangr, fgstu- inngangr, should have been referred to. From the latter it appears that the correct analysis of fastingong is fast sb. + ingang. Feinflill. The article should be deleted, the word in the quot. being a mistake for seindill ( = seldom). For, prep. 7 c. The expression ‘to name (a child) for ( = after) a person’ is erroneously marked ‘now only U.S.’ It is still current in Sc. Forayer. A reference should be given to the articles Fourrier, Furrier 1 . Fox sb. 16. Fox-whelp b was app. a kind of cider. Cf. the following quot.: 1664 Evelyn Pomona iv. 14 For the kinds then of Cider-Apples in being . . Some commend the Fox-Whelp. Foy, v. Mr. G. H. Iiaswell informs us that on the north-east coast (esp. at Shields), a foy-boat was a small boat used (before the intro¬ duction of steam-tugs) to tow vessels in and out of harbour. The boat carried a small anchor or ‘ kedge’, and was rowed a certain distance ahead of the vessel being towed ; the kedge was then dropped, and the men on the ship ‘ hove upon ’ the kedge with a windlass until the vessel came over it, when the kedge was taken up and the process repeated. The operation was called foying, and the men employed foy-men. (See The Maister: a Century of Tyneside Life, p. 39.) Fruz, v. Delete the reference to Furze v., and insert the following as the first example: 1703 Mrs. Centlivre Beaus Duel IV. 1 Mercy on me, what a bush of hair is there fruz’d out. F. F (ef), the sixth letter of the Roman alphabet, represents historically the 6th letter (waw) of the Semitic alphabet, which expressed the sounds of w (approximately) and the related vowel u. In early Greek writing the letter had at first the same twofold power ; but subsequently its accidental varieties of form came to be differentiated in func¬ tion, the form F (retaining the 6th place in the alphabet) being appropriated to the consonantal use, while V or Y served for the vowel, and is the source of the Roman U, V, Y, as explained under those letters. As the sound w was lost in the chief literary Greek dialects of the classical period, its sign f (called by the grammarians from its form the Digamma) is not included in the later Gr. alphabet. In the Roman adoption of the Gr. alphabet the sound given to the 6th letter was the voiceless labiodental spirant (f). In OE. the letter retained the sound (f) unless it stood be¬ tween two vowels, when it was pronounced as the corresponding voiced spirant (v). In the S.W., ac¬ cording to some scholars, the voiced sound was used also initially. In mod. Eng. F is always sounded (f), exc. in the word of, where it is voiced to (v) through absence of stress. In MSS. a capital F was often written as ff. A mis¬ understanding of this practice has caused the writing of Ff or ff at the beginning of certain family names, eg. Ffiennes, Ffoulkes. c iooo /hi .fric Gram. iii. (Z.) 6 Semivocales syndon seofan : f, 1 , m, n, r, s, x. 1580 Barft A F., If ye drawe in length and therewithal! put your under lippe to your ouer teeth, ye shall heare the verie sound of EF. b. attrib. (see quots.). 1836 Dubourg Violin (1878) 274 The parallel holes on each side .. were .. straighter than what are called the f holes. 1880 Grove Diet. Mns. I. 500 The holes in the belly of the violin are called the /holes from their shape. II. Used as a symbol, with reference to its place (6th) in the alphabet. 1 . F, f, /is used to denote anything occupying the sixth place in a series. (Cf. A, B, C, etc.) 2 . In Music F is the name of the 4th note of the diatonic scale of C major ; called F in Germany, fa in France and Italy. Also the scale or key which has that note for its tonic. F clef : the bass clef (see Clef *), placed on the line in the stave appropriated to the note F ; its form [/)— or p~ is said to be a corruption of that of the letter. 1848 Rimbault First Bk. Piano 53 Place the first finger on every black key except F-sharp. 1856 Mrs. Browning A nr. Leigh v. 214 Boldinacci when her F in alt Had touched the silver tops of Heaven itself. «88o Grove Diet. Mns. I. 184 The Sonata in C. .contained when completed a long Andante in F. III. Abbreviations. 1 . F. = various proper names, as Frederick, Fanny; = Fellow in F.G.S., F.R.S., etc. Also a. = Father as a title of Roman Catholic priests, b. Physics. F. = Fahrenheit (thermometer), c. Comm. F. A. A. or f. a. a ,=free of all average ; f. o. b. =free on board, d. In a ship’s log F stands for fog-, FF for thick fog. e. In Music /stands for forte (loud), ff for fortissimo (very loud), but sometimes ff stands for pin forte (louder), and fortissimo is indicated by fff. f. F formerly used in criminal procedure (see quots.). g. F (orig. standing for ‘ fine ’) is the distinctive mark of a particular description of black-lead pencil; also attrib. h. As a chemical symbol, F = Fluorine. 1551 Act 5-6 Echo. VI, c. 4 To be. .burned in the cheeke with an hot yron, hauing the letter F. whereby, .they may be knowne..for fraymakers and fighters. 1809 Tomlins Law Diet., F. is a letter wherewith felons &c. are branded and marked with a hot iron, on their being admitted to the benefit of clergy. 2 . The three F's (see quot.). 1881 Daily Hewsig Jan. 5/4 Fair rents, fixity of tenure, and free sale, popularly known as the three F's. 1891 Ibid. 8 Sept. 3/3 Why not go in at once for the three F’s—fair rent, fixity of tenure, and free sale. Fa fa), sb. [Originally the first syllable of the J L. famuli : see Gamut.] The name given by Guido to the fourth note in his hexachords, and since retained in solmisation as the 4th note of the octave. e 1325 in Rel. Ant. I. 292 Sol and ut and la, And that froward file that men clepis fa. 1597 Morley Introd. Mns. (1771) 4 There be in Musicke but vi. Notes, which are called vt, re. mi, fa, sol, la. 1660 Howell Lexicon, Fa, one of the highest Notes in Musique. 1890 W. H. Cummings Rndim. VOL. IV. Music F 202 In France it is customary to call the sounds by fixed syllables instead of letters, as follows: Do or Ut, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si, Do or Ut. C. D. E. F. G. A. B. C. Hence as vb. (see quot.) 1592 Sh\ks.R om. fyyul. iv. v. 120, Iwillcarieno Crotchets: lie Re you, lie Fa you ; do you note me? Fa, obs. f. of Few. Fa, faa, obs. ff. of Foe. Fa’, faa. Sc. ff. of Fall. Fa’ard, Sc. pronunc. of favoured; only in compounds, as ill-, well-fa'ard. Fab, obs. and Sc. var. of Fob. FabaceOUS (fabzu'Jss), a. [f. late L .fabdee-us (f. faba bean) + -ous : see -aceous.] Having the nature of a bean, like a bean. 1727-36 in Bailey. 1775 in Ash ; and in later Diets, f Fa'bal, a. Obs.~° [ad. L. fabdl-is, f. faba bean.] ‘Of or belonging to a bean’ (Blount Glossogr. 1656-81). 1692-1732 in Coles. Fabel(l, var. of Favel. II Fabella (fabe'la). PI. -ee. [mod. \.. fabella, dim. of faba bean.] (See quot. 1884.) 1854 Owen Skel. $ Teeth (1855) 89 A fabella is preserved behind the outer condyle. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fabelln?, a name for the sesamoid bones in the tendon of the gastro¬ cnemius muscle of the dog and other animals. f Fabellator. Obs.-° [as if a. L. *fabelldtor, {.fabella, dim. of fibula story.] 1656-81 ill Blount Glossogr. 1775 in Ash. Fabes : see Feaberry dial., gooseberry. Fabian (fiffbian), a. and sb. [ad. L. Fabianus of or belonging to a Fabius or to the Fabian gens.] A. adj. 1 . Of or pertaining to the Roman gens Fabia. 1842 Macaulay Battle Lake Regilhis xvii, Tall Caesowas the bravest man Of the brave Fabian race. 2 . Pertaining to, or after the manner of, Q. Fabius Maximus, surnamed Cunctator (‘ Delayer ’) from the tactics which he employed against Hannibal in the Second Punic War, and which consisted in avoiding a battle, and weakening the enemy by cutting off supplies and by continual skirmishing. 1808 J. Barlow Columb. v. 826 In vain sage Washington .. Plays round his foes with more than Fabian skill. 1843 'Bait's Mag. Oct. 615/2 The Fabian policy to which Sir Robert Peel has tied himself up. 1849 Ln. Houghton in Life 11891) I. x. 433 The Fabian Duke succeeded in check¬ ing his zeal. b. Fabian Society: a society founded in 1884, consisting of Socialists who advocate a ‘Fabian’ policy as opposed to immediate attempts at revo¬ lutionary action. Hence Fabian principles, etc. B. sb. + 1 . Flaunting Fabian : see quot. 1598. [Perh. originally a transl. of L. liccns Fabius, used by Propertius with reference to the Fabian priests of Pan, and the licence permitted them at the Lupercalia.] 1598 Florio, Brauazzo, a swashbuckler, a swaggrer, a cutter, a quareller, a roister, a flaunting fabian. Ibid., Sfoggiatore , a riotous, lauish, flauting fabian, a carelesse fellow, an vnthrift. 1599 Nashe Lenten Siuffe 46 Of all fishes the flanting Fabian’or Palmerin of England .. is Cadwallader Herring. 2 . A member of the ‘ Fabian Society ’, or one who sympathises with its opinions. 1891 Athenseum 21 Feb. 242/3 The first essay, .on ‘The Impracticability of Socialism/ will hardly win souls away from the Fabians. Fabiform (fiTbif/im), a. [f. L. faba bean + -(i)form : see -form.] Bean-shaped. 1852 Dana Crust. 11. 1287 Short; in a side view, very broad fabiform. 1855 Ramsbotham Obstetr. Med. 44 Corpus Luteum is somewhat fabiform, of a dull yellow tint. Fable (f^b’l), sb. Forms: 4, 6 fabel.l, 4-5 fabil(l, fabul(le, 4- fable, [a. F. fable (OF. also flabe, / auble , Vr.faitla) ad. L .fabula discourse, narrative, story, dramatic composition, the plot of a play, a fable, f. fdri to speak : see Fate.] 1 . A fictitious narrative or statement; a story not founded on fact. a 1300 Cursor M. 23857 (Cott.), Bot war a ribaude us tald, of a fantime or of a fabei. a 1340 Hampole Psalter xxxiii. 11, I sail lere 30W noght pe fabils of poetis, na the storis of tyraunts. 1483 Caxton Cato G vj b, The poetes..sayen and rehercen many fables and thynges meruayllous. 1577 Rhodes Bk. Nurture in Babecs Bk. 64 Keepe them [chil¬ dren] from reading of fayned fables..and wanton stories. 1642 Milton Apol. Smect. Wks. (Bohn) III. 118 Those lofty fables and romances, which recount in solemn cantos the deeds of knighthood. 1700 Dryden tr. Ovid's Met. xii. in Fables 441 It seems a Fable, tho* the Fact I saw. 1726 De Foe Hist. Dez'il 1. x. (1840) 142 If we may take the story of Job for a history, not a fable. 1840 Dickens Barn. Fudge xxi, Some say he kissed her, but that’s a fable, i860 Hawthorne Transform. II. i. 3 It is a most enchanting fable, .that is, if it be not a fact. b. esf. A fictitious story relating to supernatural or extraordinary persons or incidents, and more or less current in popular belief; a myth or legend. (Now rare.) Also, legendary or mythical stories in general; mythological fiction. a 1300 Cursor M. 6995 tCott.), In his [Saleph’s] time war pe fabuls written .. Saturnus and sir iubiter. 1494 Fabyan Chron. v. cvi. 81 Of this last ende and buriyng of Arthur.. are tolde many fables. 1520 Skelton Bk. P. Sparo7u, I re¬ member the fable Of Penelope. 1592 Davies I mm ort. Soul iv. (1714' 40 Minerva is in Fables said, From Jove, without a Mother, to proceed. 1667 Milton A L. 1. 197 [Satan] in bulk as huge As whom the Fables name of monstrous size. 1756-7 tr. Keyslers Trav. (1760)11. 288 The old fable of Seth’s pillars. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) II. 251 The existence, .of a pigmy race of mankind, being founded in error, or in fable. 1837 Landor Pentameron Wks. 1846 II. 215 Scythia was a land of fable..to the Romans 1855 Milman Lat. Chr. (1864) II. iv. i. 170 Mohammedan fable had none of the inventive originality of fiction^ c. A foolish or ridiculous story ; idle talk, non¬ sense; esp. in phr. old wives' fvomen j) fables (areh.). Also f To take (something) for fable, to hold at fable (transl. OF. tenir a fable). 1382 Wyclif i Tim. iv. 7 Schonye thou vncouenable fablis and veyn [1388 vncouenable fablis and elde wymmenus fablis]. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 11. xxi. (1869 83 Wolt pou holde pe gospel at fable? 1508 Fisher Wks. (1876) 85 In the whiche confessyon we may not tell fables and other mennes fautes. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cclxxxviii. 430 Syluester toke it for no fable. 1605 Bacon A dv. Learn. 1. iv. § 9 After a. .time, .they [narrations of miracles] grew to be esteemed but as old wives' fables. 1721 Strype Eccl. Mem. III. App. xx. 56 [We] distorted them into old wives fables. d. A fiction invented to deceive ; a fabrication, falsehood. + Phrase, withoiit {but, sans) fable. a 1300 Cursor M. 2349 (Cott.) Bot for pis hight moght be no fabul. c 1300 K. Alis. 134 Of gold he made a table A 1 ful of steorren, saun fable, c 1330 R. Brunne ChronA 1810) 146 Men . .pat neuer lufed fable bot mayntendpes& right. C1350 Will. Palerne 4608 pis }e witep wel alle with-oute any fabul. a 1500 Childe of Bristcnve 227 in Hazl. E. P. P. (1864) 119 A 1 thynges..he gaf aboute, withouten fable, to pore men. x 535 Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 534 Rycht fair he wes and feccfull als but fabill. 1548 Hall Chron. 87 b, The writers of Frenche fables to deface the glorye of the Englishmen, write [etc.]. 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. iv. iv. 76 Sans Fable, she her selfe reuil’d you there. 1635 Swan Spec. M. i. § 1 (1643) 2 The fables of the Egyptians. 1700 Dryden tr. Ovid’s Met. xm. in Fables 457 This is not a Fable forg’d by me, Like one of his, an Ulyssean lie. 1786 T. Jefferson Writ. (1859) II. 52 What is said..on this subject in the Courier d’Europe is entirely fable. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 8 The extraordinary success of the fables of Oates. e. A creation of fable ; something falsely affirmed to exist; a ‘ myth \ c 1590 Marlowe Faust, v. 125 Come I think hell’s a fable. 1611 Tourneur Ath. Trag. iv. iii, Their walking Spirits are mere imaginary fables. 1691 Hartcliffe Virtues p. xxiii, If a Man "cannot believe.. that the Immortality of the Soul is a Fable ; then [etc.]. 1836 J. Gilbert Chr. Atotiem. v. (1852) 126 Some substitute there plainly must be. .or moral administration is a fable. 2 . A short story devised to convey some useful lesson; esp. one in which animals or inanimate things are the speakers or actors; an apologue. Now the most prominent sense. 1340 Ayenb. 155 Herof 3et ysopes pe fable of pe little hounde and of pe asse. 1483 Caxton Esope 3 She gaf to hym the yefte of speche for to speke dyuerse fables and In- uencions. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 217 A fable of the grasshopper and the Ant. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. iv. § 11 The husbandman whereof vEsop makes the fable. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 183 r 1 Jotham's fable of the Trees is the oldest that is extant. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) III. 496 His Fable of the Belly and the Members. 1841-4 Emerson Ess. Hist. Wks. (Bohn) I. 6 A poet makes twenty fables with one moral. 1865 Wright Hist. Caricature v. (1875) 75 We find no traces of fables among the original literature of the German race. 3 . [After Latin fabula.'] The plot or story of a play or poem. + Also (rarely), a dramatic com¬ position, play. 1678 Rymer Trag. of Last Age Ded. 4, I have chiefly consider'd the Fable or Plot, which all conclude to be the Soul of a Tragedy. Ibid. 87 This Fable [of Othello ] is drawn from a Novel..by Giraldi Cinthio. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 39 T 3 The modern Tragedy excels that of Greece and Rome, in the Intricacy and Disposition of the Fable. 1767 B. Thornton tr. Plautus II. 112 note , The part which Lysimachus afterwards takes in the fable. 1779-81 John¬ son L. P.y Co7i>ley Wks. II. 60 The fable [of the Davideis] is plainly implex. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men , Shaks. Wks. (Bohn) I. 355 Shakespeare knew that tradition supplies a better fable than any invention can. f 4 . Talk, in phrase to hold (a person) in fable ; discourse, narration. Obs. rare. c 1400 Rom. Rose 1439, 1 wole nat longe holde you in fable Of alle this gardyn delectable. 1530 Buckmaster Let. in Corpus Christi Documents (1838) 24 Here shalbe an ende for this tyme of this fable. 1598 B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. 11. i, Whilst they, Sir, to relieve him in the fable, Drake their loose comments, upon every word, Gesture, or look, I use. b. The subject of common talk; a person or FABLE. FABRIC. 2 thing who has become proverbial; a ‘ byword \ arch. [After L . fabula : see Hor. Ep. I. xiii. 9.] 1535 Coverdale i Kings ix. 7 Israel shall be come a by- worde and fabell [1382 Wyclif, schal be into a proverbe and into a fable] amonge all“nacions. 1591 Spenser Ruines of Rome vii, Ye sacred ruines. .Alas ! by little ye to nothing flie, The people's fable, and the spoyle of all. 1605 B. Jon- son Volpone 1. v, Knew you not that Sir ? ’Tis the common fable. 1670 Cotton Espernon 11. vii. 316 He..became., the Fable of the Court. 1766 C. Anstey Bath Guide xv. 14 I’m a Fable !..and serve to dispense An Example to all Men of Spirit and Sense. 1842 Tennyson Gard. Dan. 6 We grew The fable of the city where we dwelt. 1849 Thackeray Pendennis lxxv, He..broke the bank several nights, and was the fable of the place. U 5 . ? A trifle, toy. Obs. rare _1 . 1552 Huloet, Seller of fables, haberdash wares, or trifles. 6. attrib. and Comb. a. attributive, as fable-book , - forge , f - lesynge , - tale ; b. objective, as fable- forger, -maker , - monger , - teller , - weaver ; fable• framing, -inongenng adjs. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 421 Varro telle)? nou}t a fable lesynge. 1552 Huloet, Fabler, or fable teller, or full of fables, Jabulosus. 1591 Sylvester Du Bart as 1. iv. 114 And therefore smile I at those Fable-Forges. 1610 Healey St. Aug. Citie 0/God 679 How mischievous the presump¬ tion of those fable-forgers was. 1647 R- Stapylton Juvenal 173 Rhodope, .(fellow bondwoman to iEsope the fable- maker). 1652 C. B. Stapylton Herodian vii. 55 Niger., who tells us a fabile tale, a 1661 Holyday Juvenal Pref., The famous Italian fable-weaver, Ariosto. 1677 Gale Crt. Gentiles II. hi. 72 The Pythagorising Jewish humor of Fable-framing Philosophic. 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 1. iv. Contents 190 The licentious figments of Poets and Fable-mongers, a 1700 Dryden Epist. vii. 32 All these fable-makers. 1734 Water land Scripture Vindicated Pref. xxii, The attentive Readers may perceive how to dis¬ tinguish the true and proper Allegorists from the Fable- mongers or Mythics. 1788 V. Knox Winter Even. I. 11. xv. 208 Fable books used for the initiation of children in reading. 1833 H. A. in Philol. AIus. II. 442 Men who were not fable-makers or compilers of marvellous stories. 1851 H. Melville Whale xxxiv. 168 His credulous, fable- mongering ears. Fable (fei fablen in )>er speche. 1401 Pol. Poems (1859) II. 41 Daw, thou fablest of foxes. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. xviii. 16 David..doth not fable like a Poet. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI , v. v. 25 Let iEsop fable in a Winters Night, iz 1721 Prior 1st Hymn Callimachus 69 Saturn's sons. .Old poets mention, fabling. 1814 Southey Roderick vi. 115, I do not dream nor fable. b. 1579 J. Jones Preserv. Bodie Soule 1. xviii. 31 Let Paracelsus, .neuer so foolishly fable to the contrarie. 1653 Fisher Baby Baptism 7 Fabling about moods and figures. 1870 Daily News 15 Oct., Superstition is at last resolvable into the claim of ignorance, .to fable of the ineffable. 3 . To speak falsely, talk falsehoods, lie. Const. with. Obs. exc. arch. 153° Calisto <$• Me lib. in Hazl. Dodsley I. 68, I wonder where she gets The things that she hath with folks for to fable. 1535 Boorde Let. in Introd. Knowl. Introd. (1870) 57 In wytness )>at I do not fable with yow. 1612 Two Noble Kinsnien in. v, To say verity, and not to fable We are a merry rout, or else a rabble. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 158 [Those who have made a pilgrimage to Mecca] are euer after accounted Syets or Holy men, and cannot fable from that time forward. 1801 Southey Thalaba x. xiii, Thou hast fabled with me ! 1814 Mrs. J. West Alicia de Lacy III. 268 Mother, I do not fable. 4 . trans. To say or talk about fictitiously ; to re¬ late as in a fable, fiction, or myth ; to fabricate, invent (an incident, a personage, story, etc.). With simple and complementary object, to with inf., with sentence as obj .; also absol. + To fable up : to work up by fiction into. 1553 Eden Treat. Ncwe Ind. (Arb.) 42 What foies do fable, take thou no hede at all. 1567 Maplet Gr. Forest 96 It is fabled with the Poets, that Ixion, Junoes Secretary, I prouoked hir to Venery. 1583 STANYHURST^^/m 11. (Arb.) 46 Hee fabled sundrye reportes. 1598 Stow Sum. vii. (1603) 34 Aldersgate. .called not of. .Eldarne trees, .as some haue fabuled. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. 1. xi. 21/2 The Hur- lers. .fabuled to bee men metamorphosed into stones. 1638 Yord Fancies\\\. iii,That is a truth much fabled, never found. 1667 Milton P. L. vi. 292 Turn this Heav'n itself into the Hell Thou fablest. 1726 De Foe Hist. Devil 1. x. (1840) 139 Men soon fabled up their histories.. into miracle and wonder. 1741 Watts Improi'. Mind (1801) 4 The most learned of mortals will never., act over again what is fabled of Alex¬ ander. 1750 Warburton Julian v, Of these [cannon] the Chinese were at liberty to fable what they pleased. 1774 Pennant Tour Scot, in 1772. 354 This castle is fabled to have been founded by Ewin. 1794 Coleridge Relig. Musings viii, Armed Deities Such as the blind Ionian fabled erst. 1814 Wordsw. Wh. Doe iv. no More clear Than ghosts are fabled to appear. 1847 Tennyson Princ. in. 120, I fabled nothing fair But, your example pilot, told her all. 1869 Phillips V r esuv. viii. 207 The in¬ habitants fabled that the birds which attempted to fly over it fell down into the water. 1877 L. Morris Epic Hades hi. 242 And so men fabled me, a nuntress. Fabled (fi 71 'b’lcT, ppl. a. [f. prec. + -ed 1 .] In senses of the verb. 1 . Described or mentioned in fable, celebrated in fable; mythical, legendary. a 1740 T. Tickell To a lady , with descr. Phoenix , Each fabled charm in matchless Caelia meets. 1780 Cowper Progr. Err. 231 Like fabled Tantalus. 1813 Shelley Q. Mab iv. 89 A garden shall arise, in loveliness Surpassing fabled Eden, a 1853 Robertson Serm. Ser. in. v. Introd. (1872) 61 Like the fabled monsters of old. 2 . Having no real existence, fictitious, invented. 1606 Warner Alb. Eng. xiv. Ixxxiv. (1612) 350 This for no fabled Caution was obserued, but too trew. 1725 Pope Odyss. xvi. 100 Do. .priests in fabled oracles advise ? 1870 Morris Earthly Par. III. iv. 188 Men by fabled woes were stirred. Fabledom (f^ b’ldam). rare. [f. Fable sb.+ -DOM.] The i realm * or 1 world ’ of fable. 1852 (title), Freaks and Follies of Fabledom, a little * Comic ' Lempriere. 1891 E. Peacock N. Brcndon II. 334 The literature of fabledom. Fabler vfi 7i bbj). Also 4, 7 fabuler. [f. prec. + -ER 1 : perh. after OF. fableor L. fdbuldtdr- em : see Tabulator.] One who fables, A 1 writer of fables or apologues {obs. rare —2 : a literalism of translation), b. One who invents fictitious stories; chiefly in contemptuous use, a fiction-monger, fabulous historian. f c. One who speaks falsely, a liar (obs.). a. 1382 Wyclif Baruch iii. 23 The fablers, or janglers. 1609 Bible (Douay) ibid. iii. 23 Marchants of Merrhe, and of Theman, and fablers.. searchers of prudence and under¬ standing. b- 1614 Raleigh Hist. World iv. ii. § 21. 485 Our great traveller Mandivile. .we account the greatest fabler of the world. 1644 Bp. Hall Rem. IVks. (1660) 130 The bold legends of lying fablers. 1728 W. Smith Ann. LIniv. College 153 Little Credit is to be given to these Fablers. 1821 T. Campbell in Nav Monthly Mag. II. 228 The romantic fablers have generally aggravated the horrors of Circe. 1869 J. D. Baldwin Preh. Nations ii. (1877) 24 That ready fabler, the Carian physician Ctesias. 1878 T. Sinclair Mount 28 Rather was he [Swedenborg] a mechanical fabler of facts. C. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. 11. 157 Alle J>i s o)?ure Fabulers and Faytours, )>at on Fote rennen. 1548 Hall Chron. 88 b, The inhabitantes of Vernoyle gevyng to light credit to the Frenche fablers, received the duke. 1579 E. K. Gloss. Spenser’s Sheph. Cal. Apr. 120 Certain fine fablers, and loude lyers. 1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. 11. i. in Hazl. Dodsley X. 46 Y' are villains, fablers !.. you lie. 1624 F. White Repi. Fisher 86 Some .. censure the reporters of Miracles, as. .Fabulers and Lyars. Ii Fabliau PI. fabliaux. [Y. fabliau, assumed sing, to OF. fabliaux, pi. of fable/, dim. of fable: see Fable.] A metrical tale, belonging to the early period of French poetry. 1804 Scott Introd. Sir Tristr. 48 The interesting fabliaux of the Anglo-Norman trouveurs. 1823 Roscoe tr. Sis - mondi s Lit. Enr. (1846) I. viii. 221 Some of the Fabliaux very nearly approach the romances of chivalry. 1874 Green Short Hist. v. (1876) 215 The broad humour of the fabliau. Fabling (fi^blii]), vbl. sb. [f. Fable v. + -ing !.] The action of the vb. Fable ; the telling of fictitious stories, fabulous narration, romancing, f lying ; an instance of the same. a 1300 E. E. Psalter cxviii [cxix.J. 85 Wicked fablinges talde to me. 1530 Calisto <5- Me lib. in Hazl. Dodsley I. 78 With thy fabling and thy reasoning, i-wis I am beguiled. 1610 Holland Camden’s Brit. 1. 24 In the same veine .. of fabling they called this Hand Albion. 1671 Mil- ton P. R. iv. 295 The next to fabling fell and smooth con¬ ceits. 1774 Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry (1775) 1 . 22, I have considered the Saracens .. the first authors of romantic fabling among the Europeans. 1821 Lamb Elia , Old Benchers , Extinct be the fairies and fairy trumpery of legendary fabling. b. attrib. 1545 Ascham Toxoph . (Arb.) 45 They wolde thinke you made it but a triflyng and fabling matter. 1565 Golding Ovid’s Met. Ep. (1593) 11 The Poet, .in fabling-wise dooth make It happen in Deucalions time. Fabling fi^bliij ),ppl-a. [f. Fable v.+ -ing 2 .] That fables, in senses of the vb.; that invents or relates fables; addicted to fable, romancing ; in bad sense, mendacious. 1548 Hall Chron. (1809) 51 Crafty imaginers of you fablyng French menne. 1570-6 Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 9 The fonde dreames of doting monkes and fabling friars. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage 1. x. (1614) 52 As for Noah, the fabling heathen, .deified him. 1704 Pope Wind¬ sor For. 227 The fabling Poets’ lays. 1822 B. Cornwall Ludovico SJorza i. 4 She stood Like one of those bright shapes of fabling Greece. 1861 Sat. Rev. 21 Dec. 643 Fabling hatred was busy with the name of the fallen usurper. b. occas. said of utterances, etc. 1620 T. Peyton Paradise in Farr .S'. P. Jas. /(1848) 178 The fabling prayses of Elizium fields. 1755 Genii. Mag. XXV. 420 Confus'd mythology, and fabling song. 1814 Southey Roderick xx. 208 False records, fabling creeds, and juggling priests. + Fa’bor, fabour. Obs. [a. OF .fauxbourg : see Faubourg.] A suburb. c 1470 Henry Wallace viii. 527 On to the ^ettis and faboris off the toun Braithly thai brynt. 1489 K. Hen. VII. in Paston Lett. (1874) III. 357 Thei drewe down the fabours of Gyngham, and made theyme mete to defende a siege. t Fabrefaction. Obs. rare, fas if ad. L. *fabrifactidn-em, n. of action f .fabrcfaclre, i.fabre skilfully + fucre to make.] The action or pro¬ cess of fashioning or making (a work of art). 1652 Gaule Magastrom. 29 O toylsome labour, in presti¬ gious fabrefaction ! 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 429 The Platonists, whoseInferiourGenerated Gods, .were supposed to have had a stroke in the Fabrefaction of Mankind. Fabric (fre*brik, f*brik), sb. Forms: 5-6 fabrike, -yke, 6-7 fabrique, (7 fabriq), 7-8 fabrick(e, 7- fabric. [a. Fr. fabrique ( —Pr. fabriga , It .fabbrica, Sp .fibrica) ) ad. 'L.fabrica, f. faber worker in metal, stone, wood, etc. See Forge sbi] I. A product of skilled workmanship. 1 . An edifice, a building. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 275/1 He had neuer studye in newe fabrykes ne buyldynges. 1538 Leland I tin. II. 68 Gibbes the last Prior .. spent a great summe of Mony on that Fabrike. 1666 Evelyn Diary 7 Sept., The august fabriq of Christ Church. 1708 J. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. 11. 1. ii. (1743' 326 Fabricks..said to have been built by the Piets. 1756 Nugent Gr. Tour. IV. 84 A vaulted fabric without wood or iron-work, three stories high. 1813 Scott Trierm, iii. xvi, Never mortal builder’s hand This enduring fabric plann’d. 1865 Dickens Milt. Fr. iii. vi, The ruinous fabric was very rich in the interior. Jig. 1611 Shaks. Hint. T. 1. ii. 429 You may as well Forbid the Sea for to obey The Moone, As. .shake The Fab- rick of his Folly. 1664 H. More Myst. Itiiq . 91 Men., inspired., to erect the Fabrick of the Church. 1788 Reid Aristotle’s Log. ii. § 2. 30 Force of genius sufficient to shake the Aristotelian fabric. 1873 Burton Hist. Scot. VI. lxviii. 126 The whole fabric of his ambition was tottering. + 2 . A contrivance ; an engine or appliance. Obs. 1596 Drayton Leg. iv. 721 When here that fabrique utterly did faile. 1600 Holland Livy xxv. xi. 553 When.. [the city of Tarentum] began to be assailed with fabricks. 1603 — Plutarch's Mor. 1243 What need had he to use any suen tragique engine, or fabricke to work such feats. 1657 Reeve God’s Plea 40Tiberius, .there invented his detestable Fabricks of lust. 3 . ‘ Any body formed by the conjunction of dis¬ similar parts ’ (J.); a frame, structure. *633 G.Herbert Temple , Search vii, Lord, dost thou some new fabrick mold Which favour winnes. .leaving th’ old Unto their Sinnes? 1674 Owen Holy Spirit (1693) 25 This Goodly Fabrick of Heaven and Earth. 1718 Prior Solomon iii. 268 All the parts of this great fabrick change, Quit their old station, and primeval frame. 1728 Thomson Spring 648 Dry sprigs of trees, in artful fabric laid. 1853 Kane Grin- nell Exp. (1856) 476 In this egg-shell fabric the Esquimaux navigator, .encounters risks which, etc. 1863 P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 241 The armour-plates and other necessary portions of the ponderous fabric. b. esp. with reference to the animal body. 1695 Ld. Preston Boeth. 11. 84 The whole Fabrick of Man, Body and Soul, is dissolv’d. 1758 S. Hayward Serm. i. 1 To .. examine this outward fabrick the body ! a 1848 R. W. Hamilton Rew. $ Punishm. i. (1853) 49 The wonderful fabric of the human body. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. 228 The solid animal fabric returns to swell the sum of the fluids and gases. e - fis- a 1637 B. Jonson Eng. Gramm. 1. ii, The less [letters] make the Fabrick of Speech. 1669 Penn No Cross xii. § 10 Death ends the Proud Man’s Fabrick. 1785 Reid Int. Powers Ded., To pick holes in the fabric of knowledge wherever it is weak and faulty. 1817 J. Scott Paris Re¬ visit. (ed. 4) 380 A substantial fabric of public strength, freedom, and opulence. 1856 Sir B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. I. iii. 77 Questions arising out of it appertaining, .to the whole fabric of society. 4 . A manufactured material; now only a ‘ textile fabric \ a woven stuff. 1753 Hanway Trav. (1762) I. v. Ixx. 318 We are every day making new fabrics. 1791 Robertson Indian. 88 Working up its [silkworm’s] productions into..a variety of elegant fabrics. 1832 G. R. Porter Porcelain <$■ Gl. 10 The fabrics produced, .were wanting in most of the qualities essential to good porcelain. 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer. II. 227 The woollen fabric manufactured in these establishments 1874 Green Short Hist. v. 218 Up to Edward’s time few woollen fabrics seem to have been woven in England. 1883 Stubbs' Mercantile Circular 8 Nov. 982/2 The people in Nagasaki are fast going back to their old practice of spinning this class of fabric for themselves. transf. and Jig. 1831 Brewster Nat. Magic ii. (1833) 18 The fine nervous fabric which constitutes the retina. 1859 Kingsley Misc. (i860) II. no The villain of the piece .. being a Bough fabric, is easify manufactured with rough tools. II. 5 . The action or process of framing or con¬ structing ; erection (of a building); formation (of an animal body or its parts). Now only spec. The construction and maintenance(of a church); = Eccl. Lat. fabrica ecclesise. 1611 Cotgrave, Fabrique d’vn'Esglise, The fabricke, raparation, or maintenance of a Church. 1650 Bulwer Anthropomet. v. 72 The. .providence of God manifested in the fabrique of the eye-lids. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 17 The. .prodigious skilfulness of Nature in the fabrick of so Minute an Animal. 1730 A. Gordon Maffei’s AmpJiith. 43 He attributed th» Fabrick of the Colosseum to him. 1757 Burke Abridgm. Eng. Hist. 1. ii, Britains :. so expert in the fabrick of those chariots. 1840 Milman Lat. Chr. III. iv. i. 382 The other [third] to the fabric and the poor, b. attrib. in fabric-fund , - lands , -roll. 1672 Covvel Interpr ., Fabrick-Lands are Lands given to the rebuilding, repair, or maintenance of Cathedrals, or other Churches. 1726 Diet. Rusticum s. v. 1848 Wharton Law Lex., Fabric Lands , property given towards the re¬ building or repairing of cathedrals and churches. 1859 Raine (title), The Fabric Rolls of York Minster (Surtees'. 1875 J. T. Fowler Ripon Ch. Accls. (Surtees), Index. Fabric fund of Ripon. FABRIC. FABULIZE. 0 . Kind or method of construction or formation, f a. of things in general, buildings, instruments, etc. Also style (of architecture). Obs. 1644 Evelyn Mem . (1857) 82 The fabric of the Church is Gothic. 1662 Stillingfl. Grig. Sacr. in. i. § 16 The peculiar and admirable fabrick of the eyes. 1665 Phil. Trans. I. 313 If any person.. do not know the fabrick or use of any of the Instruments, a 1682 SirT. Browne Tracts (1684) 6 Architectonical Artists look narrowly upon .. the fabrick of the Temple. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. iv. iii. §24 The particular Fabricks of the great masses of matter, which make up the .. frame of corporeal Beings. 1703 Maundrell journ. Jems. (1721) Add. 4 The Boats are of a miserable Fabrick. 1748 Ansons Voy. 11. vi. 190 To be well informed of the fabrick and strength of this fort. 1774 J. Bryant Mythoi. II. 228 They were exposed upon the waters in a machine of this fabrick. b. of manufactured materials. Chiefly of textile articles: Texture. + Also cotter, a particular ‘ make’ or class (of goods). *758 J. Blake Plan Mar. Syst. S Let a particular fabric of paper be made. 1764 Harmer Observ. xvii. ii. 77 We.. conjecture, that the tents of the Patriarchs, .were of the same fabric. 1879 Calderwood Mind «$• Br. 55 One who is constantly at work amongst cloths of different fabric. e - fig- 1752 Hume Ess. # Treat. (1777) I. 181 The fabric and constitution of our mind no more depends on our choice than that of our body. 1753 Smollett Cl. Fathom (1784) 57/1 Fools of each fabrick, sharpers of all sorts. 1779-81 Johnson L. P. y Pope Wks. IV. to6 He used almost always the same fabric of verse. 1871 Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue § 597 Compounds vary extremely as regards laxity or com¬ pactness of fabric. 7 . cotter, a. Of a textile article : The woven sub¬ stance ; tissue, fibre. Also fig. 1823 J. Badcock Dom. Amuscm. 152 In following that ex¬ ample our bleachers destroyed the fabric of their goods. 1836 J. Gilbert Chr. Atonem. ix. (1852) 263 There are minds in whose fabric the ratiocinative faculty preponderates. 1842 Bjschoff Woollen Manuf. II. 228 German wool is of that inferior description which enters into the fabric of low middling cloths. 1877 E. R. Conder Bas. Faith i. 3 Faith in the Unseen and reverence for the Divine—are inwoven in the very fabric of our nature. b. Occas. used for: Structural material. 1849 Murchison Siluria iii. 42 Lime wherewith to supply the fabric of the thicker shell of other mollusca. 1850 Dau- beny Atom. Th. viii. (ed. 2) 245 The chief constituent of the vegetable fabric. 1866 Rogers Agric. <$• Prices I. xx. 503 The fabric of the mill appears to have been invariably timber. III. 8. A building erected for purposes of manufacture; a place where work is carried on ; a factory, manufactory, rare. 1656-81 Blount Glossogr ., Fabric , a shop or work-house wherein any thing is framed. 1753 Hanway Trav. (1762) I. n. xiv. 61 His fabric appeared as a little town, having about four hundred looms. 1777 W. Dalyrymple Trav. Sp. Port, xx xi, The Marquis, .has established a fabrick of woollen cloth. 1807 Southey Espriella's Lett. (1808) I. 33 There is a great fabric of carpets at Axminster. 1844 Fraser's Mag. XXX. 431/1 The first fabric of liqueurs which had any extensive renown was that of Montpellier. t Fa bric, v. Obs. In 7-8 fabrick(e. [f. prec. sb.] /rails. To construct, fashion, frame, make (a material or immaterial object). Also, To fabric up — Fabricate i and 1 c. 1623 Favine Theat. Hon. x. ii, That [Target] of Achilles, fabrickt by the Armourer Vulcane. 1625 Bp. Mountagu App. Cxsar n. xv. 215 Such as the Papists fabricke up unto themselves in their works of Supererogation. 1644 Milton Areop. (Arb.) 74 Matters fram’d and fabric’t already to our hands. 1708 J. Philips Cyder 1. 349 The polish’d Glass, whose small Convex .. shews .. how [Cheese-Inhabitants] Fabrick their Mansions in the harden’d milk. 1738 Com¬ mon Sense (1739' II. 5 You fabrick Generals as Statuaries-, do Figures of Wood and Clay. Hence + Fabricker, Fa-bricking* vbl. sb. 1698 R. Fergusson View Eccles. 107 The Original Authors and Fabrickers of the Word [ trimmer ] designed to Describe those..who were neither Loyal Subjects, .nor Vigorous Patrons. Ibid. 116 A key of his own Fabricking. Fabricant ifaybrikant). Now rare. [a. F. fabricant, ad. L fabricant-em, pr. pple. of fabricare to Fabricate.] One who fabricates, constructs, or fashions (anything) ; a maker or manufacturer. 1757 Herald (1758) I. No. 10. 161 The fabricant is taxed in the materials he uses. 1777 W. Dalrymplf. Trav. Sp. 4* Port, cxlv, The minister, in the name of the king, first fabricant. 1799 G. Smith Laboratory II. 40 Every fabricant or manufacturer at Lyons, in the flowered way. 1834 Lytton Pompeii 162 Woe to us fabricants of bronze. 1884 G. Baden-Powell in Fortn. Rev. 1 Nov. 641 Fabricants and refiners manage to create a large margin of * sugar ’. t Fa bricate, pa. pple. Sc. Obs. [ad. L.fa- briedt-us pa. pple. of fabricare l\ (See quot.) *755 Johnson s. v., When they [.Scottish lawyers] suspect a paper to be forged, they say it is fabricate. Fabricate (fue brik^t), v. [f. L .fabricat- ppl. stem of fabried-re, f.fabrica Fabric jA] 1 . /rails. To make anything that requires skill ; to construct, manufacture. Now rare. 1598 Yong Diana 171 Wals fabricated by artificial! hand. 1667 F lavel Saint Indeed <1754) 50 A guilty conscience .. is the devil’s anvil on which he fabricates all those swords and spears. 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 235 God Fabri¬ cated the Earth. 1774 Pennant Tour Scot, in 1772. 10 Hinges, .and other branches of hardware are fabricated here. 1821 Craig Lect. Drawing ii. 134 Colourless Glass.. has never yet been fabricated. 1857 Whewell Hist. Ituluct. Sc. I. 198 He is reported to have fabricated clocks. 3 1872 Yeats Growth Comm. 247 And silk was first fabricated in that city [Tours]. t b. To fabricate about with : to surround as with a framework of. Obs. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 64 This citie, the metropolis of Persia, is fabricated about with spacious gardens, c. with immaterial object. Also absol. 1621 Burton Anat. Met. 11. ii. in. 328 Our later Mathe- matitians haue .. fabricated new systemes of the World, out of their own Dedalian heads. 1783 C. J. Fox Sp. E. India Bill 26 Nov., He was not vain enough to think, that any bill he could fabricate would be perfect. 1864 Bowen Logic ii. 43 The secret workshop in which nature fabricates cognitions and thoughts. 1875 Whitney Life Lang. ii. 19 The tens of thousands [of words] which might be fabricated, f d. Used for: To produce factitiously. Obs. 1776 Th. Percival Philos ., Med. Exp. Essays III. 274 The miliary eruption is frequently fabricated by .. heating remedies and forced sweats. 2 . In bad sense : To * make up ’; to frame or invent (a legend, lie, etc.) ; to forge (a document). 1779 J. Moore View Soc. Fr. (1789) I. xl. 349 The whole story was fabricated. 1790 Paley Horae Paul. i. 5 An impostor who was fabricating a letter in the name of St. Paul. 1818 Hallam Mid. Ages ix. (1819) 346 Every saint [had] his legend, fabricated in order to enrich the churches under his protection. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 391 Numerous lies, fabricated by the priests, .were already in circulation. 1873 Act 36-7 Viet. c. 71 §33 If any person.. wilfully fabricate in whole or in part, .. any voting paper. Hence Fa bricated ppl. a., Fa bricating vbl. sb. 1630 Wadsworth Pilgr. vii. 67 His Art in contriuing and fabricating of Ships, and Gallyes. 1796 A. M. Johnson Monmouth 11. 65 While the secret schemes of diabolical revenge were fabricating. 1796 Morse Avter.Geog. II. 542 Among the fabricated articles, are great numbers of stoves. 1796 Burke Let. Noble Ld. Wks. VIII. 67 New fabricated republicks. 1805 T. Jefferson Writ. (1830) IV. 43 This fabricated flight from Richmond was not among the charges. 1853 Kane GrinnellExp. xxv.«i8s6) 205 There is not a man ..who would have given, .the countenance of his silence to a fabricated claim. Fabrication (ftebrik^i-Jan). [ad. L. fabried- tidn-em, n. of action f. fabricare to Fabricate,] 1. The action or process of fabricating (sense i of the vb.) ; construction, fashioning, manufacture ; also, a particular branch of manufacture. Now rare. 1677 Hale Prim. Grig. Man. iv. i. 290 Plato..falls into conjectures, attributing, .the Fabrication of the Body to the DU ex Deo or Angels. 1710 Berkeley Princ. Hum. Knowl. 1. § 62 The Fabrication of all those Parts and Organs be not absolutely necessary to the producing any effect. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 44 The fabrication of a new government is enough to fill us with disgust. 1845 R. W. Hamil¬ ton Pop. Educ. iii. fed. 2) 37 Our woollen, cotton, and silk fabrications have drawn out an immense amount of artizans. 1863 Lyell Antiq. Man 10 Materials which have each in their turn served for the fabrication of implements. concr. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. Epit. (1612) 356 Seuerus his forced vallie, with other strong, .fabrications. 2 . In bad sense : The action of fabricating or 1 making up’; the invention (of a statement) ; the forging (of a document). Also concr. An inven¬ tion ; a false statement ; a forgeiy. 1790 J. Bruce Source of Nile II. 151 Fabrications of people that never have been in Abyssinia. 1819 Sir W. O. Russell Crimes Misdemeanours iv. xxvii. § 1 The fabrication and false making of the whole of a written in¬ strument. . will amount to forgery. 1839 Thirlwall Greece I. vii. 257 What is said to have happened might have been in¬ vented, and the occasion and motives for the fabrication may be conceived. 1846 Wright Ess. Mid. Ages II. xiii. 83 The common account of his death is a mere fabrication. 1880 T. A. Spalding Eliz. Demonol. 46 Stories, .that had too inconvenient a basis of evidence to be dismissed as fabrications, Fabricative (fse’brik^liv), a. [f. L. stem fa- bricat- : see Fabricate and -ive.] Having the power or quality of fabricating ; tending to fabri¬ cation. 1793 T. Taylor Oral. Julian 142 Forms subsist in Nature fabricative, but not intellective. 1844 Marg. Fuller Worn. 1 pth C. (1862) 118 The first triad is demiurgic or fafcrica- tive, that is Jupiter, Neptune, Vulcan. Fabricator (faebrik^tsa). [a. L. fabricator , f. fabricare : see Fabricate.] 1. One who or that which frames or fashions. c 1645 Howell Lett. iii. ix, The Almighty fabricator of the Universe doth nothing in vain. 1765 Ellis in Phil. Trans. LV. 283 These worms appeared evidently, instead of being the fabricators of it, to have pierced their way into the soft substance. 1844 Disraeli Coningsby vii. iii. 262 The grotesque genius of its fabricator. 1846 J. Bax¬ ter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 413 Domestic fabricators are too apt to fail in this particular, thinking that when they have mixed together a portion of sugar and fruit their labour is done, i860 Farrar Orig. Lang. i. 26 The Deity as the fabricator of Adam’s language. 1863 Lyell Antiq. Mati ix. (ed. 3) 166 They teach us that the fabricators of the antique tools, .were all post-glacial. 2 . In bad sense : One who frames a false state¬ ment or forges a document ; a forger. 1795 Mason Ch. Mus. iii. 191 The Translator or Fabricator of the Works of Ossian. 1796 Bp. Watson A pot. Bible 231 Had they been fabricators of these genealogies, they would have been exposed at the time to instant detection. 1863 Miss Br addon Eleanor's Viet. III. vi. 82 The fabricator of a forged will. Fa bricato ry, a. rare~ l . [ad. late L . fabri¬ cator i-us, {.fabricare : see Fabricate and -orv.] Tending to fabricate. *855 Chamb. Jrnl. IV. 66 Neither Youth melodramatic . .nor Antiquary fabricatory. Fabricatress. ft. Fabricator + -ess.] ‘ A female who fabricates.’ 1846 Worcester cites Lee. t Fabricature. Obs. Also 7 fabrycature. [f. L. stem fabricat -: see Fabricate and -ure.] The action of fabricating ; construction, b. Me¬ thod or style of construction. c. Structure; ‘ make \ 1600 Dymmok Ireland (1843)37 The scite and fabrycature of which [forte] declare S r John Norris, an ingener. 1607 Topsell Serpents (1653) ^43 In the fabricature of their Honey-combes, they [Bees] make the fashion according to the magnitude and figure of the place. 1641 Disc. Pr. Henry in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) III. 523 The fashion and fabricature of the ships. 1657 Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 399 A Dragon, .of such artificiall yet naturall fabricature. t Fa’brile, a- Obs. [a. OF. fabrile , ad. L. fabrll-is , f. faber artificer.] Of or belonging to a craftsman or his craft. Fabrile glue : carpenter’s gl u e (L. fabrile gluten). 1611 Cotgr., Fabrile , of, or belonging to the craft of a Smith, Mason, or Carpenter. 1661 Lovell Hist. Anint. 934 The place from whence, as I haue been, not fabulously, informed, the.. Radcliffes. .tooke their name. 1726 Leoni Alberti s Archit. 1 . 39b, A certain Spaniard .. was fabulously said to. .see the lowest Veins of Water that run under ground. 3 . To a fabulous degree ; greatly, immensely. x8 45 S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. II. 247 His cruelties have been fabulously exaggerated. Mod. He is reported to be fabulously wealthy. Fa bulousness, [f. as prec + -ness.] The quality or state of being fabulous, a. Of a person : Fondness for fables; proneness to fiction or inven¬ tion. b. Of a narrative, etc. : Resemblance to a fable ; fabulous, fictitious or mythical character. a. i6xx Cotgr., Fabulositcy fabulousnesse, th’ inuention of lyes, tales, fables, or fained reports. 1680 Dodwell Two Lett. Advice (1691) 169 Their [the Rabbins’] notorious fabu¬ lousness. 1711 Brit. Apollo III. 2/1 The Fabulousness of the Poets. 1775 Johnson IV. Isl. Scot. Wks. X. 329 His [Boethius's] fabulousness, if he was the author of the fictions, is a fault for which no apology can be made. b. 1587 Golding De Mornay xxx. 488 The fondness and fabulousness thereof appeereth in this. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. 1. vi. headingy The fabulousness of the Hero- ical age of Greece. 1702 Echard Eccl. Hist. 111. iv. 386 He afterwards wrote two letters .. to show the fabulousness of the history of Susanna. 1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia I. Pref. 5 The ancient history of North-Britain, whatever might be its fabulousness. 1837 Arnold in Stanley Life <$• Corr. (1844) II. viii. 101 To notice with a grave remark as to their fabulousness, the peculiar marvels of the stories. Faburden. Music. Obs. exc. Hist. Forms : 5 faburdon, -thon, -thyn, 6 fabourdoun, 6-7 faburthen, 6- faburden. [a. Fr. faux-bourdon (Ch. D’Orleans a 1466), i .e.faux false + bourdon Bourdon 2 .] 1 . 4 One of the early systems of harmonizing a given portion of plain song or a canto fermo, afterwards used as a term for a sort of harmony consisting of thirds and sixths, added to a canto fermo’ (Stainer and Barrett). 14.. Chilston in Hawkins Hist. Mus. (1776) II. 228 Faburdun hath but two sightis, a thyrd aboue the plain- song in sight, the which is a syxt fro the treble in uoice; and euen wyth the plain-song in sight, the wheche is an eyghth from the treble in uoise. [1462 W. Wey I tin. n. (Roxb.) 96 Cantabamus in honore Dei et beate Marie | Magnificat, in faburthon. 1484 Visitations of Sont/nuell Minster (Camden) 46 In cantando faburdon non servat ritum chori.] 1501 Douglas Pal. Hon. 1. xlii, In modula¬ tion hard I play and sing Fabourdoun, pricksang, discant. 1529 Will J. Robynson (Somerset Ho.), Preestes.. whiche shall singe playn songe and faburden. X590 J. Burel Queen's Entry Edin. xx. in Collect. Scot. Poems 11. (1709) 5 Fabourdon fell with decadence, With pricksang, and the singing plane. X597 Morley Introd. Mus. Annot., Here is an example, first the plainsong, and then the Faburden. a 1789 Burney Hist. Mus. led. 2) II. ii. 139 What has since been called Counterpoint or in old English, Faburden. 2 . a. The undersong; = Burden 9. .1587 Gascoigne Flowers Wks. 94 When the descant sings I in treble tunes above .. let fa Surthen say below I liv'd and dide for love. •587 — Ferdinando Y ij b, His inistresse , liked .. to sing faburden under him. 1609 Pammelia 70 The fourth must sing the Faburthen [Borne, borne on the first line of the stave]. 1622 R. Tisdale Lawyer's Philos ., Sighing a sad faburthen from my quill To thy more nimble warblings. b. The refrain; = Burden 10. 1580 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 308 Least thou come in againe with thy fa-burthen. 1596 Nashe Saffron Walden K ivb, Hee was accustomed to make it the Fa burden to annie I thing hee spake, a 1636 Fitz-Geffray Bless. Birthd. (1881) 137 Be sure no better straine then this can be The sweet Faburthen, to their melodie. 3 . A legend, motto. 1594 Nashe Unfort. Trav. 52 On his target he had a number of crawling wormes kept vnder by a blocke, the faburthen spcramus lucent. 4 . attrib. quasi-rt^’. ? High-sounding. 1596 Lodge IVits Miserie 9 Mirabile, miraculosOy stu - pendoy and such faburthen words. t Fac (fsek). Printing. Obs. [Short for Fac¬ totum.] = Factotum 2 . x8 4 x Savage Diet. Art Printing 221 The next descent was for the letter-founders to cast the ornament in type metal, and pierce it for general use, and these cast orna¬ ments for letters were called Facs. Fac : see Fegs. Fa9a*dal, a. rare. [f. next + -al.] Of or per¬ taining to a facade or facades. 1879 [Lingham] Science of Taste v. 144 If a bye-law were made enforcing fa5adal uniformity in other blocks. Fapade (fasa'd). [a. F. facade, {.face , after It facciatay f. faccia Face sb.] 1 . The face or front of a building towards a street or other open place, esp. the principal front. 1656-81 in Blount Glossogr. 1717 Berkeley Tour in Italy Wks. 1871 IV. 534 We observed the fa9ades of many noble buildings. 1756-7 tr. Keysler's Tray. (1760) II. 397 The inner fa9ade was repaired by Bernini. 1839 J. L. Stephens Trav. Greece , etc. 88/1 The fa9ade of the palace is unequalled. 1872 Browning Fifine cx, Shadow sucked the whole Fa9ade into itself. b. transf. and Jig. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. xviii. (1852) 407 Beneath a fa9ade of columnar lava, we ate our dinner. 1875 E. White Life in Christ m. xviii. (1878) 230 The whole fa9ade of the Evan¬ gelical theology. || 2 . (See quot.) X796 Morse Amcr. Gcog. I. 754 Their estates [in Demerara] are regularly laid out in lots along the sea shore, called facades. Faccion, Faccious, obs. ff. Faction, Factious. Face sb. Also 4 faas, 4-5 fas(e, 5 faz. [a. Fr. face , corresp. to Pr. fassay It. faccia popular Lat. facia , altered form of facies form, figure, appearance, hence face, visage, represented directly by Pr. fatz , Sp. faz, haz, Pg. face. The etymology of L .facies is uncertain ; some scholars refer it to facere to make; others to the root fa - to appear, shine (cf. fac-cm torch). The general sense ‘ form, appearance ’, which in Latin was app. the source of the more specific use * visage, coun¬ tenance ', is in many of its Eng. applications apprehended as a transferred use of the latter, and has received a special colouring from this association. On this account the more restricted sense is here placed first.] I. 1 . The front part of the head, from the fore¬ head to the chin ; the visage, countenance; a. in man. (In Anat. sometimes with narrowed sense, as excluding the forehead : see quot. 1831.) c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. 169/2178 More blod b ar nas in al is face. 1340 Ham pole Pr. Consc. 772 Als a man waxes aide . .his face rouncles ay mare and mare, c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 2460 Vp |>ey sterte euerechon; & be-held him on [>e fas. c 1400 Laufranc's Cirurg. 141 The secunde chapitle of woundes of ke face. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. [W. de W. 1531) 3 My face thou may not se. x6oi Shaks. Jut. C. 11. i. 75 Their Hats are pluckt about their Eares, And halfe their Faces buried in their Cloakes. 1667 Milton P. L. i. 600 His face Deep scars of Thunder had intrencht. 1707 Floyer Physic. Pulse - Watch 374 Uneasiness from dry¬ ness and redness of the Face. 1759 Sterne Tr. Shandy 1. xxi, The least hint of it was enough to make the blood fly into his face. 1762 Walpole Vcrtue's A need. Paint. (1765) I. ii. 24 Such pyramids on their heads, that the face became the center of the body. 1831 R. Knox Cloquet's Anat. 95 The Face, properly speaking, .extends vertically from the upper edge of the nasal bones to the chin. b. in lower animals. 1535 Coverdale Job xli. 14 Who openeth the dore of his face ? for he hath horrible tethe rounde aboute. x6n Bible Ezek. x. 14 The face of a lion, and. .the face of an eagle. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 532 His grim Face a Bull’s Resemblance bears. 1741 Chambers Cycl., Face , .. some¬ times called bill, or beak ; sometimes snout, etc. 1784 Cow- pkr Task v. 785 Brutes graze the mountain-top, with faces prone. 1845 S. Palmer Pentaglot Diet, s.v., The face of birds comprehends the ophthalmic regions, cheeks, temples, forehead, and vertex ;—of insects, all the parts situated be¬ tween the labrum and prothorax. c. transf. A representation of a human visage. 1488 Ld. Treas. Acd. Scot. (1877) I. 8s Item, a ring with a face. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. v. ii. 649 He’s a. .Painter, for he makes faces. 1623 Webster Duchess of Malfi hi. iii, That cardinal hath made more bad faces with his oppression than ever Michael Angelo made good ones. 1716 Pope's Wks. t Basset-Table 33 Upon the bottom [of an Equipage] shines the Queen’s bright Face. i8ox Sporting Mag. XVIII. 100 No face but his own ; a saying of one who has no money in his pocket, nor no court cards in his hand. 1832 W. Irving Alhambra I. iii Carved with fruits and flowers, inter¬ mingled with grotesque masks or faces. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 503 Walker had arrived in London .. His face was in every print shop. d. In popular names of plants, as Face and hood, Three (f two) faces in, under a (one) hood, the heart’s-ease, pansy (Viola tricolor ); Face-in-hood, the aconite (.A conit urn Napellus). 1548 T urner Names of Hcrbes lE. D. S.) 87 Trinitatis herba. .is called in english two faces in a hoode or panses. 1562 Buli.eyn Bk. Simples 39 a, Paunsis, or three faces in one hodde. a 1700 B. E. Did. Cant. Crew t I/earts-ease.. . an Herb called. .Three Faces in a Hood, .or Pansies. 177X I R. Warner Plantx Woodford. 185 Heart’s-ease. Three FACE. 5 FACE. Faces under a Hood. 1878-86 Britten & Holland Eng. Plant-n., Face and Hood (Viola tricolor). Ibid., Face-in¬ hood (A conitum NapelIns). 2 . Phrases, a. + From face to foot =- 1 from head to foot’, t To know no faces : to have no respect of persons. To have two faces : to be guilty of duplicity; (of speech) to be ambiguous. In same sense, + To bear or carry two faces under one hood. c 1475 Pol. Poems in Ardueol. XXIX. 341 Two fases in a hode is neuer to tryst. 1562 J. Heywood Proir «y Epigr. (1867) 138 Thou berest two faces in one whood. 1580 North Plutarch (1676) 224 Icetes had carried two faces in one hood, and. .was become a Traytor. 1607 StiAKS. Cor. 11. ii. 112 From face to foot He was a thing of Blood. 1633 Earl Mancii. A l Afondo (163 6)24 Disease and Death know no faces. 1889 Barrie Window in Thrums 196 Persons whose speech had two faces. b. To look (a person , etc.) in the face : to con¬ front, meet with a steady gaze that implies courage, confidence, or (sometimes) defiance ; also fig. To shew one'sface : to put in an appearance, to appear : lit. and fig. 1537 Thersitcs in Hazl. Dodsley I. 408 Appear, sir, I pray you, dare ye not show your face? 1561 Norton & Sackv. Gorboduc 1. i, Aurore. .for love or shame Doth long delay to show her blushing face. 1566 Gascoigne, etc. Jocasta n. ii, Boldly to looke our foemen in the face, a 1662 Heylin Laud 11. v. (1719) 20, I dare look Death in the Face, and I hope the People too. 1706? Swift Whs. (1883) X. 389 Where exiled wit ne'er shews its face. 1748 Richardson Clarissa Wks. 1883 V. 56, I should be ashamed to show my face in public. 1780 Cowper Tabled. 321 When Tumult., dared to look his master in the face. .8 4 i Longf. Village Blacksmith ii, He. .looks the whole world in the face, For he owes not any man. 1863 Kingsley Water-bob. vi. (1869) 250 The fairy looked him full in the face. 1867 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) I. iii. 118 Too clear to be misunderstood by anyone who looks the evidence in the face. 1882 Steven¬ son New Arab. Nts. (1884) 194 He never so much as showed face at a window. c. In advb. phr. : Face downwards ( foremost, uppermost ), etc.: with the face in the direction indicated. ( To fall ) face on: = ‘ face downwards ’. 1856 Leisure Ho. V. 332/1 He fell face on into the water. d. Face to (earlier f and, + for) face : looking one another in the face; also attrib. Face to face with : looking in the face of, confronting; lit. and fig. To see face to (fiwitli) face : ‘ without the in¬ terposition of other bodies ’ (J.), clearly. a 1300 Cursor M. 23607 (Cott.) pair ioi, pair gladdscip, qua can tell..face wit face pat godd to se. 1340 Ayenb. 88 We him ssolle yzy face to face clyerlyche. a 1400-50 Alexander 357 Make }>e to se pe same gode & pi-selfe wakand Face to face all his fourme. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 255 The proud Pechtis .. face for face stude in thair fais sicht. 1576 Fleming Fanopl. Epist. 2 Of these matters, .we shall talke shortly face to face. 1632 Lithgow Trav. x. 490 Sir Walter Aston, .spoke seriously face to face with him there-anent. 1767 Gray in Corr. N. Nicholls (1843) 69, I am come, .to congratulate you face to face on your good luck. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 600 The two armies were now face to face. 1861 1 ’. A. Trollope La Beat a I. vii. 155 The painter and the customer might never come face to face after all. 1864 Knight Passages JVrkg. Life I. i. 105, I was..to be face to face with great public things. 1875 Manning Mission H. Ghost ix. 260 We shall see God face to face. 1879 Froude Caesar i. 5 When we are face to face with real men. attrib. 1858 J. Martineau Stud. C/tr. 172 We are liable to lose the solemn face-to-face reality of the strife within us. 1864 J. H. Newman Apol. 379 The face-to-face antagonist. 1865 Masson Rec. Brit. Philos, iv. 319 We possess an intuitive, or face-to-face knowledge of certain properties of matter. e. Mil. In words of command; + Faces to the right, left, faces about = right, left, about face (cf. Face v. 9 b); also fg. Hence, To turn face about, f again. 1598 B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. iii. i, Good Captayne, faces about, to some other discourse. 1625 Markham Soul- diers Accid. 20 Faces to the right hand. Faces to the left. Faces about, or Faces to Reare. 1632 J. Hayward tr. Biondis Eromena 77 He turned face againe with sword in hand. 1642 Lane. Tracts (Chetham Soc.) 65 They., turned faces about, and began to make head against us. 1881 G. W. Cable Mad. Dclphitie viii. 45 It had..turned him face about from the way of destruction. f. To throw, thrust , etc. (something) in (a per¬ son’s) face. lit. and fig. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 11. ii. 599 Who calles me Villaine? breakes my pate a-crosse ? Pluckes off my Bear^ and blowes it in my face ? c 1645 Howell Lett. (1655) iv. xxi. 58 Who taints his soul may be said to throw dirt in Gods face. 1760 Gray Lett. Wks. 1884 III. 53 You see him [Sterne].. ready to throw his periwig in the face of his audience, 1852 Thackeray Esmond «. xiv, ‘ I fling the words in your face, my lord.’ 1856 Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh 11. Wks. VI. 76 God..thrusts the thing we have prayed for in our face. 1884 Miss Braddon Ishmael xxxi, His success was cast in his face as a reproach. g. In various Biblical Hebraisms. Before the face of: before, in advance of, in front of. To set one’s face: to give a settled bearing or expression to the countenance. To put, set ones face against : to take up an attitude of determined hostility to¬ wards. To set {one s') face + for, to, towards : to take, etc. the direction of (a place); fig. to pur¬ pose, take the first steps to, tonwards. a 1300 Cursor M. 22757 (Cott.) Be-for pe face o }?at kaiser angels sal his baner bere. c 1325 Metr. Horn. 9, I send, .my messager Bifor tlii face thi word to ber. a 1340 Hampole Psalter xvii. 46,1 sail lesspaim as dust bifore \>e face of wynd. 1388 Wyclif Lev. xx. 3 Y schal sette faste [1382 pultej my facea^ens hym. 1535 Covf.rdale Mark i. 2, I sende my mes- saunger before thy face. [So in 1611 and 1881.] 1611 Bible Gen. xxxi. 21 He .. set his face toward the mount Gilead. — 2 Kings xxi. 17 Hazael set his face to goe vp to Ierusalem. — Isa. 1. 7 Therefore haue I set my face like a flint. 1624 Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 11 Set your faces, .against a whole faction of vice. 1632 Lithgow Trav. x. 493, I set face from Court for Scotland. 1664 Ether edge Com. Re¬ venge iv. vii, Set thy face then ; let me not see the remains of one poor smile. 1781 Cowper Expost. 457 The poorest of the flock Are proud, and set their faces as a rock. 1827 Scott Jrnl. (1890) II. 21, I can set my face to it boldly. a 1862 Buckle Civiliz. (1873) III. v. 469 The first duty of every one is to set his face in direct opposition to what he believes to be false. 1862 Lowell Biglcnu P. Poems 1890 II. 326 It's high time .. to be settin’ our faces To¬ wards reconstructin'the national basis. 1884 Times (weekly ed.) 3 Oct. 14/2 We set our faces to the South. 3 . Viewed with reference to beauty. + To be in face: to be looking one’s best (cf. to be in voice). t Full offace: ? beautiful (but perh. the meaning is = ‘ full faced, florid ’). In the A. V. only in the Apocrypha; the translators of the canonical books always use ‘ countenance' in this con¬ nexion. 1591 Shaks. Tzuo Gent. m. i. 103 Say they haue Angells faces. 1608 — Per. 1. Induct., A female heir, So buxom blithe, and full of face. 1611 Bible Judith xi. 21 There is not such a woman from one end of the earth to the other ..for beautie of face. 1712-4 Pope Rape Lock 1. 79 Some nymphs there*are, too conscious of their face. 1773 Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. 1. i, Is it one of my well-looking days child? am I in face to day? 1842 Tennyson Sisters 2 She was the fairest in the face. 1851 Procter (Barry Cornwall) Songs Ixxxiii. 3 No wealth had she of mind or face To win our love, or raise our pride. 4 . With reference to its position in the front of the body, or as the part presented to encounter. In many phrases, some of which merely express the notion of confronting or opposition, without any reference to the lit. sense. Cf. 2 d. a. To meet (a person) in the face : to confront directly. To have the wind in one's face ; lit. and fig. To shut the door in, •\upon ta person’s' face ; lit. and fig. c 1430 Lydg. Rochas i. x. (1544) 15 b, She made her ordi- naunce.. With Zisara to meten m the face. 1632 Lithgow Trav. vii. 303 The Venetian Factor, .shutting his gate vpon my face. 1710 Brit. Apollo III. 3/1 When th’ Wind’s in your Face, Your Wit grows apace, a 1732 T. Boston Crook in Lot (1805) 17 People ply their business with skill and industry, but the wind turns in their face. 1768 Sterne Sent. Journ. Wks. 1885 II. 640 ’Tis shutting the door of conversation absolutely in his face. 1818 Byron Juan 1. clxiv, The door was fasten’d in his legal face. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. I. xiv. 193 Seldom meeting them in the face or reaching a decision which marks an advance. Mod. A horse runs well with the wind in his face. b. To fly in the face of (a person, etc.), lit. of a dog; fig. to act in direct opposition to. *553 !• Wilson Rhet. 11580) 203 Lette hym have his will, and he will flie in thy face. 1610 Bp. Hall Apol. Braivnists § 13 Let him shew them a Cudgell, they flie in his face. 1689 Tryal Bps. 133 Shall he come and fly in the Face of the Prince ? shall he say it is illegal ? 1749 Fielding Tom Jones in. viii, Thackum held, that this was flying in Mr. Allworthy’s face. 1752 in Scots Mag. (1753) Oct. 494/1 It was flying in the face of the legislature itself. 1876 E. Fitzgerald Lett. (1889) I. 379 He has. .been. .apt to fly in the face of some who courted him. .8 9 i Nation 10 Dec. 440/2 He had to fly in the face of adverse decisions. c. In {the) face of: {a) in front of, directly op¬ posite to; {b) face to face with, when confronted with; {c) in defiance of, in direct opposition to, notwithstanding. (a) 1766 T. Page Art Shooting 36 When a bird comes directly in your face, Contain your fire awhile. 1879 Dowden Southey 14 He was for the first time in face of the sea. (b) 1871 Smiles Charac. ii. (1876) 36 In the face of bad example, the best of precepts are of but little avail. 1883 Daily News 31 Oct. 5/2 Not a man. .would seriously advise withdrawal in the face of a Chinese invasion. 1885 Manch. Exam. 3 June 5/3 The difficulty of keeping up wages in the face of a drooping market. (c) 1837 B’ness Bunsen in Hare Life I. x. 461 They now assert here, in the face of facts, that the cholera has ceased. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 276 They were convicted in the face of the ietter and of the spirit of the law. 1885 Manch. Exam. 29 Oct. 5/3 Plans, perseveringly carried out in the face of many discouragements. d. To make face to : to offer resistance to. rare, after Yx. faire face a. 1829 W. Irving Conq. Granada x. (1850) 74 The king and his commanders .. made face to the Moors .. repelling all assaults. 5 . Contextually equivalent to : Sight, presence. In various phrases : a. To fear, flee from, etc. I he face of. a 1300 Cursor M. 953 (Cott.) }ee sal be flemed fra mi face c 1325 Metr. Horn. 86, I salle be flemid awaye Fra Goddes faz, til pin of helle. 1611 Bible Gen. xxxv. 1 Thou fleddest from the face of Esau. 1781 Cowper Retirement 768 Judah’s promised king.. Driven out an exile from the face of Saul. b. Before or in the face of: before the eyes of, in the sight of. f Before faces : in the public view, in company. a 1300 Cursor M. 10460 (Gott.) Bot i him saw bifore mi face 7 c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 192 pe man y trist an most for¬ sake}? me at my nede, & dra3p ys swerd bi-fore my fas. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees 1 846 pai had grace, And loue before pe bischope face? 1532 More Con/ut. Tindale Wks. 532/1 Ye shoulde see the whole summe and eflecte of this tale, .before your face layed together. 1632 Li meow Tray. viii. 370 The Prince, .causing euery one of them to recite the praise of Mahomet before his face, a 1656 Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 248 Even the most carelesse boyes will be affraid to offend in the face of the monitor. 1659 B. Harris ParivaCs Iron Age 292 Arras, .was taken .. before the face of thirty thousand men. 1760 Goldsm. Cit. W. xviii. 3 A new-married couple more than ordinarily fond before faces. c. To (a person’s) face : openly in his sight or hearing (implying frankness, effrontery or inde¬ corum). 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 188 You. .gave him a frumpe even to his face. 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. 1. i. 91 Wilt thou flout me thus vnto my face? 1638 Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. I. 231, I will not tell you to your face, that you are the Chrysostome of our Church. 1667 Denham Direct. Paint. II. vi. 19 Men that there pick his pocket to his face. 1781 Cowper Expost. 283 Thy very children, curse thee to thy face. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 638 Sharp..read to their faces the whole service as it stood in the book. Mod. He does not like to be praised to his face. d. In the face of : in the sight or hearing of, in the presence of. Also fig. In the face of the sun, of day, etc. : openly. 1398 T revisa Barth. Dc P. R. 11. v. (1495) 31 Angels, .ben stable in the face of god. 1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII , c. 38 § 2 Mariages .. contracte and solemnised in the face of the church, a 1618 W. Bradshaw in Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. xc. 8 Sins, .committed in deepest darkness are all one to him as if they were done in the face of the sun. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 112 r 7 Pray for him in the Face of the whole Congregation. 1769 Blackstone Comm. IV. 283 If the contempt be committed in the face of the court, the offender may be instantly apprehended and imprisoned. 1773 Mad. D’Arblay Early Diary July, She does this in the fair face of day. 1845 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 19 You will forfeit, in the face of all men, the character of faithful ministers of God. 1858 Buckle Civiliz. (1873) H. viii. 509 They broke open private houses, .in the face of day. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 164 You proclaim in the face of Hellas that you are a Sophist. 6. The countenance as expressive of feeling or character; a countenance having a specified ex¬ pression. c 1330 Arth. <$■ Mcrl. 1138 So gretliche sche awondred was That hir chaunged blod and fas. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 357 They..with a smiling face promise us their benevolence. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. 1. i. 13 They weare their faces to the bent of the kings lookes. 1611 Bible Ezra ix. 7 For our iniquities have we. .bin deliueredto con¬ fusion of face. 1612 Webster White Devil 111. i, It would do well, instead of looking-glasses, To set one’s face each morning by a saucer Of a witch’s congealed blood. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 616 And all this with a face of sad pietie and stern mortification. 1676 Etheredge Man of Mode iv. i, I . . hate the set face that always looks as it would say, Come, love me. *843 Macaulay Lake Regillus xii, With, .haggard face to his last field he came. b. To make, pull a {crooked, pitiful, wty, etc.) face : to distort the features. Hence the sb. is used colloq. for ; A grimace. 1570 North Doni's Mor. Philos. (1888) III. 184 The bore Birde when he saw hir make that face to him was alfe afraide. 1602 Shaks. Ham. in. ii. 263 Leaue thy damnable Faces, and begin. 1604 Middleton Father Hubbui'iLs T. Wks. (Bullen) VIII. 72 The fantastical faces he coined in the receiving of the smoke. 1605 Shaks. Macb. iii. iv. 67 Why do you make such faces? 1713 Steele Englishman No. 7. 47 He will, .make Faces at the Burgun¬ dian Grape. 1856 Reade Never too late xiv, I shall pull a long face. 1873 Dixon Two Queens III. xiv. viii. 113 The almoner made no faces at a dance. 1888 Mrs. H. Ward R. Elsmere II. n. xviii,‘The adjective is excellent’, she said with a little face. 1890 G. M. Fenn Double Knot I. i. 71 Making what children call ‘a face’, by screwing up her mouth and nose. 7 . Command of countenance, esp. with reference to freedom from indications of shame; a ‘ bold front’; impudence, effrontery, * cheek f To put out of face : to put out of countenance. To + bear, have the face : to be sufficiently impudent. >537 Thersitcs in Hazl. Dodsley I. 401 He beareth not the face With me to try a blow. 1552 Bk. Com. Prayer Communion, With what face then, or with what coun- tenaunce shal ye heare these wordes? 1601 Shaks. Jut. C. v. i. 11 Thinking by this face, To fasten in our thoughts that they haue courage. 1607 — Cor. iv. vi. 116, I haue not the face To say, beseech you cease. 1654 Warren Un¬ believers 85 He a man of that face and fore-head. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) II. vi. 148 With what face can I say anything? 1735 Pope Prol. Sat. 36 To be grave, exceeds all Pow’r of face. 1760 Goldsm. Cit. W. (1840) 140 None are more blest with the advantages of face than Doctor Franks. 1821 Sir J. D. Paul Rouge et Noir 45 Vice itself affects propriety That puts your vulgar virtue out of face. 1851 Longf. Gold. Leg., Village Church , I wonder that any man has the face To call such a hole the House of the Lord. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. V. xiv. v. 218 The new Kur- Mainz. .conscious of face sufficient. 1890 Spectator 1 Nov., What an amount of ‘ face ’ it argues in him. b. To f push or show a face : to exhibit a bold front. To run ones face : {U- S. slang) to obtain credit by impudence. 1758-65 Goldsm. Ess. viii, There are three ways of getting into debt: first, by pushing a face. 1827 Scott Jrnl A 1890) II. 6 They might have shown a face even to Canning. 1862 Lowell Biglow P. Poems 1890 II. 286 Men that can run their face for drinks, an’ keep a Sunday coat. II. Outward form, appearance. 8. External appearance, look; also semblance of (anything). Formerly used both of material and immaterial objects ; now rare except of imma- FACE. 6 FACE. terial objects in such phrases as To adopt, carry, put on a [the) face of. f (To carry) a great face : an appearance of importance. + To have a face : to have an appearance, qive promise of success. f *381 Chaucer Pari. Foules 317 As Aleyn, in the Pleynt of Kynde, Devyseth Nature of aray and face, c 1394 P. PI. Crede 670 pei schulden nou^t after pe face neuer pe folke demen. 1513 More in Grafton Citron. II. 762 His part should have the face and name of a rebellion. 1565 Jewel Def. Apol. (1611) 137 This tale hath some face of truth. 1631 Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 771 Monuments .. which beare any face of comelinesse or antiquity. 1674 R. God¬ frey Inj. Ab. Physic Pref., That is a thing carries a great face with it. 1692 R. L’Estrange Josephus' Antiq. iv. vi. (1733) 88 There was hardly any Face left of the Order, Piety and Devotion of former Times. 1754 Hume Hist. Eng. I. xvi. 395 France began gradually to assume the face of a regular civil government. 1760 Foote Minor I. Wks. 1799 !• 2 47 Pillory me, but it has a face. 1765 Croker, etc. Diet. Arts Sc., Face of Plants, among botanists, signifies their general appearance. 1782 Wesley Wks. (1872) XIII. 419 It carries no face of probability. 1827 Scott Jrnl. (1890) II. 35 Cadell explained to me a lan for securing the copyright of the novels, which as a very good face, i860 H. Gouger 2 Years' Im- prisonin. Burmah 41,1 professed my ignorance of the touch of gold and the face of silver. 1865 Bushnell Vicar. Sacr. i. (1866) 5 Vicarious, .is a word that carries always a face of substitution. 1888 Bryce Amer. Cotnmw. III. xcv. 356The problems of the world, .are always putting on new faces. b. + Al prime face — 'L.prima facie \ at, in, on the first face : at the first appearance or look, at first sight. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus m. 870 This accident .. was .. so lyke a soth, at prime face. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Troy 11. xiii, At pryme face, whan he came to towne. 1563 T. Gale Antidot. Pref. 2 Although it seeme harde. .at the fifst face, yet folow thou styll the counsell. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1885) 7 Naitur schawes furth Britannie all that it has at the first face. 1641 Shirley Cardinal in. ii, Though at the first Face of the object your cool bloods were frighted. 1810 Syd. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 192/1 A narrative, which, on the first face of it, looked .. much like truth. 1826 E. Irving Babylon I. 11. 120 In the very first face and showing of the thing. H c. = Phase (perh. confused with that word). 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vi. i. 278 In what face or position of the Moone, whether at the prime or full, or soone after. 1711 Shaftesb. Charac. 11. v. (1737) II. 322 'This was not a Face of Religion I was like to be enamour’d with. 9 . Visible state or condition; aspect. To put a new face upon : to alter the aspect of. 1587 Harrison England 11. v. (1877) *• 110 To stirre up such an exquisite face of the church as we imagine. 1592 Davies Immort. Soul Introd. xxxv, The Face of outward Things we find, Pleasing and fair. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 694 Wee may reade Gods displeasure on the face of heaven. 1638 Baker tr. Balzac s Lett. I. 8 Lyvie. .stayed not a little to consider the new face he would have put upon the Commonwealth. 172a De Foe Plague (1754) 19 The Face of London was now indeed strangely alter’d. 1781 Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. 24/2 The arrival of so many ships.. caused a new face of affairs. 1820 W. I rving Sketch Bk. I. 215 A pensive quiet reigns over the face of nature. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 284 The traces left by ages of slaughter and pillage were still distinctly perceptible, .in the face of the country. b. Of a country: The configuration; assem¬ blage of physical features. Also, f a description of the same. 1673 Temple Obscrzu United Prov. Wks. 1731 I. 43 Changes, .made in the Face and Bounds of Maritime Coun¬ tries..by furious Inundations. 1681 Cotton Wond. Peak (ed. 6) 309, I almost believ’d it, by the Face Our masters give us of that unknown place. 1779-81 Johnson L. P., Addison Wks. III. 47 Comparisons of the present face of the country with the descriptions left us by the Roman poets. 1792 Gouv. Morris in Sparks Life <$• Writ. (1832) II. 236 Tne military face of that country is understood with perfect exactness. 1859 Jefhson Brittany vi. 78 The sun shone out, and I could observe the face of the country. 10 . Outward show; assumed or factitious ap¬ pearance ; disguise, pretence ; an instance of this ; a pretext. Also, f To make a (good, great) face ; to set a face on. + To interpret (words) to wicked face : to put a bad construction upon. Now only in To put (formerly bear out, set ) a good face on (a matter) : to make (a matter) look well; to assume or maintain a bold bearing (with regard to). 138a Wyclif 2 Cor. v. 12 Hem that glorien in the face [so Tindale; 1611 and 1881 appearance], and not in the lierte. C1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aynion ix. 227 Lete vs .. bere oute a good face as longe as we ben alyve. 1533 Bellen- den Livy iv. (1822) 377 He interpret thir wourdis of Pos- thumius to sa wikkit face, that the said Posthumius suld ..be odius..to the hale ordoure. 1533 More Apol. xlvii. Wks. 920/2 In some place of the same dyoces .. they haue made a great face. 1542-5 Brinklow Lament. 9 b, The pore forgotten, except it be with a few scrappes and bones, sent to Newgate for a face ! 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 265 They.. made good face and shevve to fight with the Englishe men. 1577 tr. Bullinger's Decades (1592) 95 Many, .haue the skill .. to make a face as though they loued them [friends]. 1590 H. Smith Wks. (1867) II. 309 If thou., have no cunning, but set a face on things, then take heed how you adjure these spirits. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. lx. (1739) 118 [He] never invaded the liberties of the Commons by any face of Prerogative, a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) b 2 78 They..set a Face of civil Authority upon Tyranny. 1722 De Foe Plague (1754) 35 The very Court ..put on a Face of just Concern for the publick Danger. 1748 Richardson Clarissa Wks. 1883 VIII. no That she may set the better face upon her gestation. 1867 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) I. iv. 231 Richer puts as good a face as he can on Hugh’s discomfiture. III. The part of a thing presented to the eye. 11 . The surface or one of the surfaces of any¬ thing. a. gen. Chiefly in phrases orig. Hebraistic, The face of the earth, the deep, the waters. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 4892 pe face of |>e ert h sal brin with out. 1382 Wyclif Gen. vii. 3 That the seed be sauyd vpon the face of al erthe. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 176 All menne, dispersed throughout the face of the yearth. 1611 Bible Gen. i. 2 Darkenesse was vpon the face of the deepe : and the Spirit of God mooued vpon the face of the waters. 1632 Lithgow Trav. in. 102 The Women of the Citty Sio, are the most beautifull Dames, .upon the face of the earth. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 88 When there has been a great hoar-frost, .the. .Crystalline beard .. usually covers the face of. .bodies. 1698 Keill Exam. Tit. Earth (1734) 140 That great Deluge of waters which, .overflowed the Face of the whole Earth. 1791 Ess. Shooting (ed. 2) 230 If he is clad in a glaring colour, when the face of the country retains its verdure. 1887 Frith Autobiog. I. i. 3 Such schools, .being improved off the face of the earth. f b. Of a leaf in a book: =Side. Ohs. c 1575 FuLKE Confut. Doctr. Purgatory (1577) 5 > 1 will come to the third leaf# and second face. 1579 — Refut. Rastel 730 From the first face of the 64 leafe to the seconde fac# of the 47 leafe. + c. Astrol. The third part of a sign of the zodiac, extending over 10 degrees in longitude. See also quot. 1819. Obs. 1426 Pol. Poems{ 1859) H. 139 His dwellyng place Ameddis the hevene in the thrid face. 1587 Golding De Mornay xxxiv. 543 The Moone. .was in the first face of Virgo. 1632 Massinger City Madam 11. ii, She in her exaltation, and he in his triplicite trine and face. 1819 J. Wilson Diet. Astrol. 96 A planet is in its face when it is at the same distance from the O or ) as its house is from their houses, and in the same succession of signs. 12 . The principal side (often vertical or steeply inclined) presented by an object; the ‘front’ as opposed to the ‘ flanks ’. a. Of a cliff, etc.; also Geol. of a fault: The front or slope. 1632 Lithgow Trav. vi. 290 A goodly Village, .situate on the face of a fruitfull hill. Ibid. ix. 423 Wee Coasted the scurrile and Rockey face of Norway. 1751 R. Paltock P. Wilkins (1884) II. xviii. 203 Along the whole face of the rock.. there wqxe archways. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xiv, The tree .. had sent its roots along the face of the rock in all directions. 1839 Murchison Silur. Syst. 1. xxxvi. 503 As the face of this fault sinks to the west, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xi. 75 Our way now lay along the face of a steep incline of snow. 1865 Gosse Land $ 6^(1874) 388 A noble precipice, rising with a rough face almost perpen¬ dicularly from the water’s edge. b. Arch, (a) The front or broadside of a build¬ ing ; the ‘ fa9ade \ (b) The surface of a stone ex¬ posed in a wall. (c) The front of an arch showing the vertical surfaces of the outside row of voussoirs. 1611 Bible Ezek. xli. 14 The bredth of the face of the house, and of the separate place toward the East, an hun- dreth cubites. 1624 Wotton Archil, in Reliq. Wotton. (1672) 17 The Face of the Building is narrow, and the Flank deep. 1664 Evelyn tr. Freart's Archit. 132 [The Archi¬ trave] is also frequently broken into two or three divisions, call’d by Artists Fascias or rather plain Faces. 1765 Cro¬ ker, etc. Diet. Arts <5- Sc., Face, in archit., the front of a building, or the side which contains the chief entrance. Face of a stone, in masonry, that superficies of it which lies in the front of the work. 1848 Rickman Goth. Archit. 20 The cornice of this order, in Greece, consisted of a plain face, under the mutule. 1862 Trollope Orley F. i. (ed. 4) 6 The face of the house from one end to the other was covered with vines and passion flowers. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech., Face (Carpentry), the front of a jamb presented towards the room. 1876 Gwilt Archit. Gloss., Face of a stone, the face intended for the front or outward side of the work. 13 . a. Of anything having two sides: The side usually presented outwards or upwards; the ‘front’ as opposed to the ‘back’; the ‘right’ side of cloth. 1611 Bible Isa. xxv. 7 He wil destroy in this mountaine the face of the couering cast ouer all people. 1820 Keats Cap Bells xxxix. 1 They kiss’d, .the carpet’s velvet face. 1831 G. R. Porter Silk Manuf. 237 Diagonal lines, .across the face of the cloth. 1874 Boutell Arms <$• Arm. vi. 89 The hollow under the face of the boss was open towards the re¬ verse of the shield. 1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 137 That part of the anther to which the filament is attached and which is generally towards the petals, is the back, the opposite being the face. 1883 Sir E. Beckett Clocks , etc. 146 The face of a wheel which turns in a gear. 1888 C. P. Brooks Cotton Manuf. 127 The face of the card or the side which is in contact with the needles. b. Of a coin or medal : The obverse; that which bears the effigy; sometimes used for either side. Hence in slang use : A coin (? obs.). c 1515 Cocke Lorellcs B. (Percy Soc.) 13 Some wente in fured gownes .. That had no mo faces than had the mone. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. v. ii. 617 The face of an old Roman coine. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant.Crew, Nare-afacc-but-his own, not a Penny in his Pocket. 1725 New Cant. Diet. Ne’er-a-face. 1762 Gcntl. Mag. 22 The .. face of this dye is truly antick. Ibid. 23 The face [of a coin] should have a resembling bust of his majesty. 1856 Smyth Roman Family Coins 233 The portrait on the other face of the medal. c. Of a document: The inscribed side. Hence On, upon the face of (a document, etc.): in the words of, in the plain sense of. Also fig. 1632 Lithgow Trav. vi. 288 Their Great Seale, .locked in vpon the lower face of the Parchment. 1641 Bp. Hall Rem. IVks, (i66oj 80 Every novelty carries suspicion in the face of it. 1719 F. Hare Ch. Authority Vind. Pref. 8 The power and authority of the Ministers .. as it appears upon the face of Scripture. 1748 Richardson Clarissa Wks. 1883 VIII. 186 An unprejudiced eye, upon the face of the letter, would condemn the writer of it. 1817 W. Selwyn Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 1248 It ought to appear on the face of the plea, that [etc.], a 1832 Bentham Ess. Lang. Wks. 1843 VIII. 327 Of the history of language, no inconsiderable part remains to this day written upon the face of it. d. Of a playing card: The marked or picture side. c 1645 Howell Lett. (1891) 1. 111. xxxii, The King never shews his game, but throws his cards with their faces down on the table. e. Of a dial : The surface which bears the hour marks, etc. Of a clock or watch : The dial plate (perh. with allusion to the human face). [1751 R. Paltock P. Wilkins (1884) Il.xix. 218 If I ask it [a watch] what time of day it is, I look but in its face, and it tells me presently.] 1787 Columbian Mag. I. 329/1 The face of the dial will be parallel with the plane of the equator. 1837 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. I. 87 Not watches so much as lockets with watch faces. 1840 Barham Ingol. Leg., Look at the Clock, 1 Grandmother’s Clock ! ’.. nothing was altered at all—but the Face ! 1858 O. W. Holmes Ant. Breakf-t. ix. (1891) 211 He looked at. .the face of the watch,—said it was getting into the afternoon. 1877 Mrs. Molesworth Cuckoo Clock (1891) 41 Some brilliant moonbeams, .lighted up brightly the face of the clock.. 1892 N. Y. Nation 23 June 474/3 A volume without an index resembles a clock- face without any hands. f. Of a book : The front or fore-edge. 1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 43/1 After the face [of a book] has been ploughed the back springs back into its rounded form. 14. Each of the surfaces of a solid. In a regular solid, a crystal, diamond, etc.: Each of the bound¬ ing planes. 1625 in Rymer Fcedera XVIII. 236 One Aggett cutt with twoe Faces garnished with Dyamonds. 1750 D. Jeffries Trout. Diamonds <$- Pearls, Expl. Tech. Terms, Collet. , the small horizontal plane, or face, at the bottom of the Brilliant. 1855 Bain Senses $ Int. 11. ii. § 11 A crystal with cut faces. 1863 Huxley Man's Place Nat. 11. 80 The oc¬ cipital foramen of Mycetes .. is situated completely in the posterior face of the skull. 1873 Dawson Dawn of Life vii. (1875) 188 Crystalline faces occur abundantly in many undoubted fossil woods and corals. 1878 A. H. Green Coal i. 17 The faces of the block of coal on these sides are smooth and shining. 1884 Bovver & Scott De Bary's Phaner. $ Fertis 177 The lateral faces, .are covered thickly with sieve-plates. 15. In implements, tools, etc. : The acting, striking, or working surface. In a molar tooth : The grinding surface. In a knife : The edge. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 4 In Fig. 5. A the Face [of a hammer]. 1791 Ess. Shooting (ed. 2) 345 The face of the hammer [of the gun] .. may be too hard or too soft. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Face, the edge of a sharp instrument. 1872 Huxley Phys. vi. 143 The face of the grinding teeth and the edges of the cutting teeth. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech., Face 4 b, the sole of a plane. Ibid., Face (Gearing), that part of the acting surface of a cog which projects beyond the pitch line. Ibid., Face (Grinding', that portion of a lap or wheel which is employed in grinding, be it the edge or the disk. 1888 Lockwood"s Diet. Terms Mech. Eng. 133 The face of an anvil is its upper surface. 16. An even or polished surface. 1881 Mechanic § 449 Where one piece [of glass] is ground against another to bring them to a face. 1888 Lockwood's Diet. Terms Mech. Eng. 133 The face of a casting is that surface which is turned or polished. IV. Technical uses. 17. Fortification, a. (see quot. 1 7 2 7) > b. (see quot. 1859, and cf. Bastion). a. 1489 Caxton Faytes of A. 11. xiv. 118 A proper place muste be ordeyned atte euery face of the walles for to sette gonnes. 1672 Lacey tr. 'Racquet's Milit. Archit. iii. 4 The face which is the weakest part of the fortification, is defended by [etc.] 1727 Bailey, Face of a Place is the Front, that is comprehended between the flanked Angles of the two neighbouring Bastions. 1800 Wellington in Gurw. Disp. I. 190, I attacked it [Dummul] in three places, at the gate¬ way and on two faces. 1849-50 Alison Hist. Europe VIII. xlix. § 24. 27 The efforts .. had been directed against the northern face of the fortress of Seringapatam. 1879 Cas¬ sell’s Techn. Educ. IV. 138/1 The Raponiers.. are situated in the middle of each long face. b. 1676 Loud. Gaz. No. 1119/3 About Noon, a Mine in a Face of the same Hornwork. .took Fire. 1818 Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. v. 478 Having made a breach in one of the bastions [we] destroyed the faces of the two that were adjacent. 1859 F- A. Griffiths Artil. Man. (ed. 9) 261 The faces of a work are those parts which form a salient angle projecting towards the country. 18. Mil. (See quot. 1853 .) 1853 Stocqueler Mil. Encycl. joi The faces of a square are the different sides of a battalion, &c., which, when formed into a square, are all denominated faces; viz.,the front face, the right face, the left face, and the rear face. 1885 Times (weekly ed.) 23 Jan. 3/1 This face had not quite closed up before it was attacked. 19. Ordnance. 1 The surface of metal at the muzzle of a gun ’ (Knight). 1727 Bailey, Fcue of a Gun is the Superficies of the Metal at the Extremity of the Muzzle. 1867 in Smyth Sailors Word-bk. 20. Mining, a. ‘In any adit, tunnel, or stope, the end at which work is progressing or was last done ’ (Raymond Mining Gloss.). 1708 J. C. Compl. Collier (1845L46 They frequently hole, or cut through from one Board to another, to carry their Air .. to the end or Face of their Boards. 1867 W. W. FACE. 7 FACE. Smyth Coal ff Coal Mining 131 Supporting the roof at the immediate ‘ face ’ by temporary props. 1888 F. Hume Mad. Midas 1. v. They .. visited several other faces of wash .. F.ach face had a man working at it, sometimes two. b. ‘ The principal cleaving-plane at right angles to the stratification. ( Driving ) on the face : against or at right angles with the face’ (Raymond Mining Gloss.). Face on : (see quot. 1883). 1867 W. W. Smyth Coal # Coal-mining 25 Faces, running most regularly parallel. 1878 Huxley Fhysiogr. 238 The direction along which these joints run is often known as the face of the coal. 1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal-mining 99 Face on .. working a mine parallel to the cleat or face. 21 . Steam-engine. The flat part of a slide-valve ; also, the corresponding flat part on a cylinder, on which the slide-valve travels. 1838 Wood Railr. 346 The slide would be moved to the extremity of the face of the cylinder. 1874 in Knight Diet. Meek. 22 . Typog. That part of a type (or punch) which has the form of the letter. Also, The printing surface of type. Face of the page : (see quot.). Full face (type) : as large as the body of the type will admit of. Heavy'face (numerals or type) : having a broader outline, and printing thicker than the ordinary. Oldface (type): a form of Roman letter (characterized by oblique ceriphs and various other features) revived by Whittingham in 1844, and since very extensively used. 1683 Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 201 So placed the Face of the Letter runs less hazzard of receiving dammage. 1699 A. Boyer Eng. 4- Fr. Diet, s.v., A letter that has a good face (among printers), mi caractere qui a un l>el ceil. 1787 Printers Gram. 41 Kerned Letters are such as have part of their Face hang over. 1824 J. Johnson Typogr. II. 21 Short letters are all such as have their face cast on the middle of their square metal. 1853 Caxton 4- Art of Printing \ ii. 155 One of the heap which lies in the right position, both as regards the face being upwards, and the nick being outwards. 1871 Anter. Encycl.. Printing 167/2 Face of the page, the upper side of the page, from which the impression is taken. 187s Ure Diet. Arts III. 1049 In this metal the face of the letter intended to be cast is sunk. 1891 J. Winsor C. Columbus xxi. 524 The heavy face numerals show the successive holders of the honors of Columbus. 1892 N. Y. Nation 25 Feb. 155/3 The page is divided into triple columns, and the leading word of each column is in full-face. + 23 . Card-play ing = face-card : (see 27). Ohs. 1674 Cotton Compl. Gamester in Singer Hist. Cards 347 If you have neither ace nor face, you may tnrow up your game. 24 . Tea trade. (See quot.) Cf. Face v. 15. 1886 Chambeis* Encycl. IX. 323 Prussian blue..native indigo and gypsum are the real materials employed for giving the ‘ face ’ as it is called. + 25 . A face of fur : ? a set of furs. Cf. Face v. i 2. 1562 Heywood Epigrams 1. lv, Cheepening of a face of furre. Into a skinners shop, .in hast ran a gentilman there to espie A fayre face of fur, which he woulde haue bought. V. attrib. and Cojub . 26 . General relations: a. attributive (sense 1), as face-cosmetic, -sponge ; (sense 12b), as face-mor¬ tar, -work; (sense 13a), as face-side; (sense 20), as face-line. b. objective (sense 1), as face¬ levelling, -tearing vbl. sbs., face-mending, -wring¬ ing, ppl. a ., fice-?nender, - moulder; (sense 6 b), as face-maker; (sense 3), as face-affecting ppl. a. c. locative (sense 1), as face-hot adj., face-joy, -spot ; (sense 5), as face-flatterer. 1675 Cocker Morals 24 *Face-affecting Lasses, Neglect their Graces, to attend their Glasses. 1887 Corelli Thelma II. 207 Beauties, .deprived of elegant attire and ^face-cos¬ metics. 1859 Tennyson Idylls, Vivien 822 * Face-flatterers and backbiters. 1654 Gayton Picas. Notes 11. iv. 49 Who, (but one that will carry no coales) would have rewarded a friend thus for his opinion, only in *Face-hot presses. 1850 Mrs. Browning Poems II. 336 In your bitter world. .*Face- joy's a costly mask to wear. 1650 Bulwer Anthropomet. Pref., Crosse to that *Face-levelling designe, Thy liigh- rais’d Nose appeareth Aquiline. 1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coalmining 99 Keep the face line of the stall neither fully face on nor end on. 1756 Cowpf.r in Con¬ noisseur No. 138 Those buffoons in society, the Attitudina- rians and * Face-makers. 1808 Wolcott (P. Pindar) One more Peep at R. A. Wks. 1812 V. 367 Forced to beg her humble bread While every face-maker can feast. 1745 E. Heywood Female Spectator (1748) III. 156 Have they not their, barbers, aye, and their *facemenders too? Ibid. 234 Those .. *facemending stratagems. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 222 The best *face mortar. 1650 Bulwer Anthropomet . Pref., *Face-moulders who affect the grace Of a square, plain, or a smooth platter-face, c 1790 Imison Sch. Art II. 7 Prepare some .. size, with which you must brush over the *face side [of a print]. 1885 Lady Brassey The Trades 311 The black bodies ..made them look anything but suitable for use as *face-sponges. 1685 Cooke Marrow Chirurg. (ed. 4) vii. i. 270 Pimpernel cleanseth ^Face-Spots. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 213 The *face work of the subordinate parts, a 1613 Overbury Charac., Hypocrite, A ^face-wringing ballet-singer. 27 . Special comb.: face-ache, pain in the nerves of the face; face-ague, an acute form of face-ache, tic douloureux; face-airing vbl. sb. (Alining), see quot. ; face-bedded ppl. a., (a stone) placed so that the grain runs along the face; + face-bone = Cheek-bone; + face-bread, Heb. It'hem happdntm — Show-bread; + face-breadth, extent of the face (sense 1) from side to side; face-card, a playing-card bearing a face (of a king, queen, or knave) = Coat card; face-chuck (Mech.) = face-plate; face-cloth, a cloth laid over the face ol a corpse; face-cog (Mech.), one of the cogs or teeth on the * face 9 of a wheel; face-guard, a contrivance for protecting the face, csp. in some industrial processes, fencing, etc.; face-hammer (see quots.); face-joint (see quot.); face-knocker, one in which the fixed portion has the form of a human face ; face-lathe (see quots.) ; + face-making vbl. sb., portrait-painting ; face-mould (see quots.); face-painter, (a) a painter of portraits, (b) one who applies paint to the face ; face-painting vbl. sb., portrait-painting; face-physic, collect, appliances for the face; face- piece (Nautl), see quot. ; face-plan (see quot.); face-plate ( Mech .), an enlargement of the end of the mandrel (of a lathe) to which work may be attached for the purpose of being t faced * or made flat; also attrib., as in face-plate coupling ; + face¬ playing vbl. sb., the exhibition of feeling or senti¬ ment by the play of the countenance; face-pre¬ sentation (Midwifery), presentation face foremost in birth; face-shaft (Arch.), see quot.; face- stone (Arch.) the slab of stone forming the face or front, esp. in a cornice, an entablature, etc. ; face-turning-lathe = face-lathe; face-value, the amount stated on the face (of a note, postage-stamp, etc.), the apparent or nominal value; also fig.; face-wall (Building), front wall ; face-wheel (A/ech.) = contrate-wheel (see Contrate 2) ; also ‘a wheel whose disk-face is adapted for grinding and polishing 9 (Knight); + face-wind, a wind blowing against one’s face. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. v, It gave you the ^-face-ache to look at his apples. 1869 Eng. Mech. 12 Nov. 211/1 Faceache I believe to be..inflammation of the nerves. 1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal-mining 99 *Face airing, that system of ventilating the workings which excludes the airing of the goaves. 1863 Archaeol. CantianaV. 14 Jambs two feet eight inches apart, *face-bedded. 1883 Stonemason Jan., It is rare now for a face-bedded stone to be fixed in a building. 1801 Southey Thalaba vni. ii, His cheeks were fallen in, His *face-bones prominent, a 1656 Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 238 The matter and form of the. .Tables of the *Face-bread. 1651 J. F[reake] Agrippa’s Occ. Philos. 271 Nine *face-bredths make a square well set man. 1826 J. Wilson Nod . Ambr. Wks. (1855) 303 Desperate bad hauns .. a haun without a *face-caird. 1888 Sheffield Gloss. (E. D. S.), Face-card, a court card. 1888 Lockwood's Did. Terms Mech. Eng. 133 *Face chuck , a face plate. 1748 Richardson Clarissa xliv. VIII. 166 She.. seeing the coffin, withdrew her hand from mine and. .removed the ^face-cloth. 1859 Tennyson Idylls, Guinevere 7 The white mist, like a face-cloth to the face, Clung to the dead earth. 1833 Holland Manuf. MetalW. 61 An axil which carries likewise another [wheel] with "face-cogs. 1874 Knight Did. Mech., * Face-guard, a mask with windows for the eyes. 1883 T. W. Mollett Did. Art $ Archce ol. 134 Face guard on a helmet, a bar or bars of iron protecting the face. 1874 Knight Did. Mech., * Face-hammer, one with a flat face. 1884 Ibid. IV. 324/1 Face Hammer (Masonry), one with one blunt and one cutting end. 1874 Ibid., * Face-joint , that joint of a voussoir which appears on the face of the arch. 1769 Public Advertiser 18 May 3/4 Iron "Face Knockers. 1884 Knight Did. Mech., * Face-lathe, (a) a pattern-maker's lathe for turning bosses, core prints, and other face-work; (b) a lathe with a largeTace-plate and a slide rest adjustable in front on its own shears. Transverse usually but not necessarily. 1888 Lockwood's Did. Terms Mech. Eng., Face lathe, a lathe chiefly or exclusively used for surfacing. 1623 Webster Duchess of Malfi hi. ii, ’Twould disgrace His *face-making, and undo him. 1823 P. Nicholson Prad. Build. 222 *Face mould, a mould for drawing the proper figure of a hand-rail on both sides of the plank. 1876 in Gwilt Archil. Gloss. 1697 Drydens Virgil Life (1709) 16 (Jod.) Ill *facepainters, not being able to hit the true fea¬ tures., make amends by a great deal of impertinent land¬ scape and drapery. 1847 L. Hunt Men, Women, $ B. I. xiv. 276 The highest face-painters are not the loveliest women. 1852 S. R. Maitland Ess. 107 note, ‘ He took me for a face-painter ! ’ said a late eminent artist. 1706 A rt of Painting (1744) 355 He was. .a landskip-painter. .till he . fell to face-painting. 1862 W. M. Rossetti in Fraser's Mag. July 73 Whose picture, .shows a higher character of face-painting 1611 Donne Ignatius' Conclave (1652) 129 Women tempting by Paintings and *Face-Physick. a 1613 Overbury Charac., Faire Milkmayd, One looke of hers is able to put all face-physicke out of countenance. c 1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 117 ^Face-piece, a piece of elm, generally tabled on to the fore-part of the knee of the head, to assist the conversion of the main piece, and likewise to shorten the upper bolts, and prevent the cables from rubbing against them as the knee gets worn. 1874 Knight Did. Mech., * Face-plan, the prin¬ cipal or front elevation. 1841 Tredgoi.d Mill-work 428 The "face-plate has four adjusting screws for securing the work. 1874 Knight Did. Mech. 1888 Lockwood's Did. Terms Mech. Eng., The term face plate is more commonly applied in the shops to the ordinary face chucks. Ibid., Face-plate coupling s= Flanged coupling. 1789 Burney Hist. Mus. IV. 319 She perfectly possessed that flexibility of muscles and features, which constitutes *face-playing. 1841 Rigby Mid¬ wifery hi. iii. 130 The opinion that "face-presentations were preternatural. 1849 Ecclesiologist IX. 345 The double semi-cylindrical *face-shafts, formerly running up the face of the piers. 1853 Ruskin Stones Ven. III. App. x. I 238 The *face-stone and often the soffit, are sculptured. Ibid. III. 238 Arches decorated only with coloured marble, the facestone being coloured, the soffit white. 1841 1’red- gold Mill-work 428 * Face-turning lathe. 1878 F. A, I Walker Money xx. 461 Some English Merchant who isbound to pay money in the United States for more than the *face- value of his claim. 1883 J. L. Whitney in Lit. World 8 Sept. 293/1 He must take the advertisements of publishers at their face value, and regard them as what they claim to be. 1888 Daily Nevus 13 July 3/3 If postcards were sold at the face value of the stamps upon them. 1891 Law Times XCI. 224/1 The note is still worth its face value. 1874 Knight Did. Mech., * Face-wall. 1833 J. Holland Manuf Metal II. 191 The axle is turned round by a *face or crown wheel fixed upon the extremity of it. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. I. 349/2 Face-wheels have their cogs or pins placed perpen¬ dicularly to the face of the wheel, a 1722 Lisle Husb. (1757) 113 A *face or back-wind signifies little. Face (f^s), v. [f. prec. sb.] I. To show a bold or opposing front. +1. intr. To show a bold face, look big; to brag, boast, swagger. Phrase, To face and brace : (see Brace vf). Obs. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 145 Facyn, or shewyn boolde face. 1509 Barclay Shyp of Folys 22 A fals extorcyoner Fasynge and bostynge to scratche and to kepe. 1601 Yarington Two Lament. Traj. in. ii. in Bullen O. PI. IV, Wilt thou .. Face and make semblance.. Of that thou never meanst to execute ? + b. In primero. (Cf. Bluff, Brag.) Obs. 1594 Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits viii. 112 To play well at Primero, and to face and vie, and to hold and giue ouer when time serueth. .are all workes of the imagination. + c. To show a false face, maintain a false ap¬ pearance. Obs. 1570 Ascham Scholem. 1. (Arb.) 54 To laughe, to lie, to flatter, to face: Foure waies in Court to win men grace. 1589 Hay any Work 39 Thou canst cog, face and lye, as fast as a dog can trot. 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI, v. iii. 142 Suffolke doth not flatter, face, or faine. + d. To have a (specified) appearance. Obs. 1669 N. Morton New Eng. Mem. 106 The evil conse¬ quences thereof faced very sadly. + 2. trans. a. To confront with assurance or impudence; to brave, to bully, b. To face a lie (upon), to tell a manifest untruth (to). Obs. 1465 Paston Lett. No. 512 II. 205 My Lord of Suffolks men come, .and face us and fray uppon us, this dayly. 1530 Palsgr. 542/2 Yet he wolde face me with a lye. 1533 More A nsw. Poysoiled Bk. Wks. 1131/2 He..faceth himself the lie upon me. c 1540 Heywood Four P.P. in Hazl. Dodsley I. 382 But his boldness hath faced a lie. 1548 Hall Chron. 59b,Thestraunger so faced theEnglisheman, that hefaynted in hys sute. 1625 Bacon Ess., Truth (Arb.) 501 For a Lie faces God, and shrinkes from Man. 1632 Massinger Em¬ peror of the East v. i, I have built no palaces to face the court. 3. With advbs. a. To face down , out : to put down (a person) with effrontery, to browbeat; to controvert (an objection, the truth) with coolness or impudence; to maintain (a statement) impu¬ dently. Also with sentence as obj.: to maintain or insist to a person’s face that [etc.], b. To face out (a matter, etc.) : to carry through by effrontery, brazen out. + To face it out with a card of ten : see 1 b and Card sbfl 2 a. c. + To face out of: to exclude shamelessly from ; also, to bully out of. a. 1530 Palsgr. 542/2, I face one downe in a mater. 1533 More Answ. Poysoned Bk. Wks. 1131/2 He..scof- feth that I face out the trouth with lyes. 1580 Lupton Sivqila in Polimanteia (1881) p. xvii, And so faced out thy poore Father before our face. 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. iii. i. 6 Here’s a villaine that would face me downe He met me on the Mart. 1667 Dryden Sir Martin iv. i, I’ll not be faced down with a lie. 1787 Wesley in Wks. 1872 IV. 401 The clerk faced me down I had taken the coach for Sunday. i860 Froude Hist. Eng. VI. 100 With Paget’s help she faced down these objections. b- *543 Bale Yet a Course 59 Now, face out your matter with a carde of tenne. 1553 1’. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 202 The Roscians kinsfolke have boldly adventured, and will face out their doynges. 1579 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 73 To..face it oute lustelye as sum other good fellowes doe. rt 1619 Fotherby Atheom. 1. xii. §2 (1622) 125 Obluctation, and facing out of the matter. 1630 B. Jonson New Inn i. iii, Cards of ten, to face it Out in the game. 1876 Trevelyan Macaulay (1876) I. i. 15 Unless they could make up their minds, .to face it out. C. c 1530 More Aus 7 u. Frith iv. Wks. 1132/2 Your false heresy, wherwith you would face our Sauiour out of the blessed sacrament. 1601 Shaks. Twcl. N. iv. ii. 101 They . .doe all they can to face me out of my wits. Ibid. v. i. 91 His false cunning. .Taught him to face me out of his ac¬ quaintance. 4. traits. To meet (danger, an enemy, or any¬ thing unpleasant) face to face ; to meet in front, oppose with confidence or defiance. 1659 B. Harris Parivafs Iron Age 79 A great body of Nobility march .. briskly on, to face that potent Emperour Osman, a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) VIII. 7 These silly rant¬ ing Privolvans. .face their Neighbours Hand to Hand. 1708 Addison State of War 25 We..cast about for a sufficient number of Troops to face them [the enemy] in the Field of Battle, rt 1745 Swift (J J, They are as loth to see the fires kindled in Smithfield as his lordship; and, at least, as ready to face them. 1798 Ferriar Illustr. Sterne v. 150 He faced the storm gallantly* 1808 J. Barlow Columb. iv. 143 To face alone The jealous vengeance of the papal throne. 1842 Macaulay Horatius xxvii, How can man die better Than facing fearful odds? 1881 Besant & Rice Chapl. Fleet 11. xviii. (1883) 250 A man will face almost anything rather than possible ridicule. t b. To appear before (a city) as an enemy. c 1645 T. Tui.ly Siege Carlisle (1840) 1 They, .p'ceeded.. to face Carlisle with a Rascall rout in 1643. x ^77 Sir 'J'. Herbert Trav. 284 A small party, .with which he faced the City Walls. FACE. 8 FACET. 5 . In weaker sense : To look in the face of; to meet face to face ; to stand fronting, lit. and fig. 1632 I jiTHGOW Trav. vii. 303 Facing the Iudge and plead¬ ing both our best. 1779 Mad. D’Arblay Diary Nov., If I faced him he must see my merriment was not merely at his humour. 1841 Elphinstone Hist. Ind. II. 275 He f ierformed the journey, .with such celerity that. .he. .faced lis enemy .. on the ninth day. 1853 Kingsley Hypatia ix. no Might he but face the terrible enchantress. 1883 Manch. Exam. 24 Nov. 5/2 The great problem which faces every inquirer into the causes of colliery explosions. 6. To look seriously and steadily at, not to shrink from. 1795 T. Jefferson Writ. (1859) IV. 116 My own quiet required that I should face it [the idea] and examine it. 1828 DTsraeli Chas. /, II. v. 104 A lawyer in the habit of facing a question but on one side, can rarely be a philo¬ sopher, who looks on both. 1883 S. S. Lloyd in North Star 25 Oct. 3/7 The need for external supplies of food..must be faced. II. With reference to the direction of the face. 7 . intr. a. Of persons and animals: To pre¬ sent the face in a certain direction ; to look. lit. and fig. 1594 W. S. in Shales. C. Praise 9, I know thy griefe, And face from whence these flames aryse. 1672 Dryden Cong, Granada 1. i, He [the courser] sidelong bore his Rider on, Still facing, till he out of sight was gone. 1844 H. H. Wil¬ son Brit. India II. 266 The 1st of the 20th, with one com¬ pany of the 24th, were posted on the larger eminence, facing east and south. 1863 Kinglake Crimea (1877) II. vii. 64 He steadfastly faced towards peace. 1882 Hinsdale Gar- yield <$• Ednc. 1. 117 He faced to law and politics, to science and to literature. b. Of things : To be, or be situated, with the face or front in some specified direction; to front. Const, on, to. 1776 Withering Brit. Plants ( 1796) IV. 71 Saucers rust- coloured, large, facing downwards, c 1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 113 Dagger , a piece of timber that faces on to the poppets of the bilgevvays. 1852 Thackeray Esmond 1. iii, The little chapel that faced eastwards. 1884 Times (weekly ed.) 29 Aug. 14/2 The village faces full to the south. 1887 Pall Mall G. 22 Aug. 11/2 The really pic¬ turesque side of the hall, facing on a lovely lake. 8. trans. a. Of persons and animals : To pre¬ sent the face or front towards; to look towards, b. Of a building, a country, and objects in general: To be situated opposite to, front towards. a. 1632 Lithgovv Trav. vin. 364 Facing the in-land wee marched for three dayss. 1750 Johnson Rambler No. 12 p 15 Stand facing the light, that we may see you. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) III. 216 He continues to combat ..still facing the enemy till he dies. 1886 Sheldon tr. Flaubert's Salammbd 22 Neighing shrilly as they faced the rising sun. b. 1670 Milton Hist. Eng. 11. Wks. (1847) 494/2 He gained, .that part of Britain which faces Ireland. 1705 Ad¬ dison Italy (1767) 201 The side of the Palatine mountain that faces it. 1746-7 Hervey Medit. (1818) 150 Yonder tree, which faces the south, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. vii. 55 A series of vertical walls..face the observer. 1885 Manch. Exam. 10 June 8/7 The statue .. faces the principal en¬ trance to the museum. c. Of letterpress, an engraving, etc.: To stand on the opposite page to. 1766 Gent. Mag. XXXVI, Directions for placing the plates , l'he Emblematical Design .. to face p. 8. 1887 Pall Mall G. 19 Feb. 5/9 An increased price is paid for advertisements ‘ facing matter'. 1890 Ibid. 20 Nov. 2/2 A letter from Mr. Gladstone is good, and an article from him worth several columns ‘ facing matter ’. Mod. [On a plate inserted in a book] To face page 56. d. To face (a perso?i) with : to put before the face of; to confront with. *583 Golding Calvin on Dent, xviii. 109 It was Gods wil to humble his., people by facing them with the temple of a cursed idoll. 9 . intr. + a. in sense of face about (see b). Also refl. Obs. 1644 Slingsby Diary (1836) 112 Upon y° top of y° Hill they [the Scots] face and front towards y 3 prince. 1666 Pepys Diary 4 June, The Duke did fly; but all this day they have been fighting; therefore they did face again, to be sure. 1691 Bond. Gaz. No. 2662/3 Upon their ap¬ proach our men faced, and about 20 fired. 1824 Miss Fer- rier Inher. vi, Having got to the top. .he faced him. b. Chiefly Mil. To turn the face in a stated direction (left, right, etc.). To face about, to the right about , round : to turn the face in the opposite direction. As word of command, Right or left about face! 1634 Massinger Very Woman 111. i, Let fall your cloak, on one shoulder—face to your left hand. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. Ixiv. (1739) 135 He faces about therefore and .. for Scotland he goes, a 1671 Ld. Fairfax Mem. (1699) 51 He. .made them face about, and march again into the Town. 1710 Bond. Gaz. No. 4675/1 He commanded them to face to the Left, in order to flank the Enemy. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 109 p 1 The Knight faced towards one of the Pictures. 1713 — Englishman No. 55.353 This elevated Machine, .moved through. .Cornhil: whence it faced about. 1753 Hanway Trav. (1762) II. iv. iv. 115 They immediately conjectured that the place had changed masters, and faced about. 1787 Columbian Mag. I. 47 To the right about face ! Forward march ! Halt, and face to the Front ! 1820 Keats Cap <$• Bells xxxvi. 1 Then facing right about, he saw the Page. 1823 Byron Juan vm. xxviii, The rest had faced unto the right About. 1826 Scott IVoodst. i, The minister, .faced round upon the party who had seized him. 1841 Lever C. O’ Mai ley Ixxxviii, Left face—wheel—quick march ! 1844 Re gill. 4- G?d. Army 261 On which the Captain is to face inwards, and the Lieutenant and Ensign face to the right. 1859 F. A. Griffiths Artil. Man. (ed. 8) 19 Right or left about three-quarters face. 1863 Kinglake Crimea (1877) 111 . i. 215 These men had laced about to the front. fig. 1645 Biberty of Consc. 28 In this Sir you have faced about, sure you are not As you were. 1684 Bunyan Pilgr. 11. Introd. 217 His Spirit was so stout No Man could ever make him face about. 10 . trans. + a. To attract or direct the face or looks of. b. Mil. To cause (soldiers) to face, or present the front. 1630 Lord Banians rV Perses 72 Certaine mimicall gestures, so as may most face the people to gaze upon them. 1667 Waterhouse Fire Lond. 181 The Judgments of God face us to humilitie. 1859 F. A. Griffiths Artil. Man. (ed. 8) 30 The company, .will he faced, and countermarched. Ibid. 31 The remaining companies first being faced to the right about. 11 . a. To turn face upwards, expose the face of (a playing card). 1674 Cotton Complete Gamester in Singer Hist. Cards 344 He clasps these cards faced at the bottom. 1721 Mrs. Centliyre Basset-Table iv, Fact again ;—what’s the mean¬ ing of this ill luck to-night ? 1742 Hoyle Whist 10 If a Card is faced in the Pack, they must deal again, except it is the last Card. 1878 H. H. Gibbs Ombre 19 He places the cards before him, taxing care not to face or snow any of them. b. Post-office. To turn (letters) with their faces in one direction. 185° Q. Rev. June 75 The object, .is merely to ‘ face ’ the stamped and paid letters all the same way. 1889 Pall Mall G. 15 Oct. 7/1 All the letters have been faced, sorted, and stamped. III. To put a face upon. 12 . To cover a certain breadth of (a garment) with another material; to trim, turn up. In pass. said of the wearer. Also, To face about , down. 1561 in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. vi. 189 My gowne of browne blue lyned and faced with black budge. 1592 Greene Art Conny-catch. 11. 2 The Priest was facst afore with Veluet. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts {1672) 446 They, .face about the collars of men and womens garments. 1679 Bond. Gaz. No. 1378/4 A black hair Camlet Gown..faced down before, and on the Cape with Velvet. 1759 Compl. Bett.- writer (ed. 6) 229 Blue cloth, trimmed and faced with white. 1818 Scott Hrt. Midi, xxi, The five Lords of Justiciary, in their long robes of scarlet faced with white. 1855 W. Sar¬ gent Braddock’s Expedition 291 The uniform of the 44th was red faced with yellow. absol. c 1570 Pride <$- Bowl. (1841) 20 Silke and lase. .To welt, to edge, to garde, to stitche and face. + b. transf. & fig. To trim, adorn, deck, furnish. 1565 Jewel Def. Apol. (1611) 241 Would ye rather, for the better facing and colouring of your Doctrin, we should strike out this Forged Quodammodo. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, v. i. 74 To face the Garment of Rebellion With some fine colour. 1630 B. Jonson New Inn 1. i. Wks. (Rtldg.) 410/1 An host, .who is. .at the best some round-grown thing, a jug Faced with a beard, that fills out to the guests. 1645 Milton Colast. Wks. (1847)221, I saw the stuff, .garnished and trimly faced with the commendations of a licenser. 1685 Dryden Albion <5- Alb. hi. i, Rebellion, .fac'd with publick Good ! 13 . T b cover the surface either wholly or partially with some specified material. 1670 Cotton Espcrnon 11. vm. 349 The Terrass was not yet fac’d with stone. 1677 Sir 1 '. Herbert Trav. 279 With whose heads..the savage Turk faced a great Bulkwark. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 1. 259 Delve of convenient Depth your thrashing Floor; With temper’d Clay then fill and face it o’er. 1715 Desaguliers Fires Impr. 112 If you face the sides of the Chimney with thin Copper. 1803 Phil. Trans. XCIII. 85 The same bar was melted again, and was cast in sand, faced, .by charcoal dust. 1856 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XVII. 11. 363 The more modern fence..is faced wuth stones. 14 . To dress or smooth the face or surface of. Also, To face down. 1848 Mill Pol. Eton. I. 152 One lathe, .is kept for facing surfaces. 1873 T ristram Moab\ i. hi Blocks of basalt., some of them finely faced. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 221/2 The body is carefully faced down till a fine even surface is produced. 15 . To coat (tea) with some colouring substance. Also, To face up. 1850 Household IVords II. 277 The tea-leaf., is ‘faced by the French chalk, to give it the pearly appearance so much liked. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene led. 3)277 The green tea is either natural or coloured (faced) with indigo [etc.]. 1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 101/1 Exhausted leaves were, .faced up to do duty as fresh tea. t IV. 16 . To deface, disfigure, spoil in ap¬ pearance. [? Short for Deface.] Ohs. c 1400 Destr. Troy 9129 Polexena. .AH facid hirface with hir fell teris. Facea, Faeeal, obs. ff. of Fascia, Facial. Facecies, anglicized form of Facetiae. Faced (ff'st), ppl. a . 1 [f. Face v. + -ed 1.] In senses of the verb. a. Of a card ; That has been turned face upwards. 1674 Cor ton Complete Gamester xv. (1680) 96 Then the bottom fac'd Cards are upwards. 1868 Pardon Card Player 21 Faced cards necessitate a new deal. b. Of a body of soldiers : That has faced or turned about. 1796 Instr. \ Reg. Cavalry (1813) 185 When the whole was halted, the proper front would be taken by the faced wing. c. Of clothing: Turned up with another ma¬ terial. 1661 Pepys Diary 13 June, My gray cloth suit and faced white coate. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., Faced, turned up with facings on the cuffs and collars of uniforms. d. Of a block or piece of stone : Having the surface dressed or smoothed. 1865 Lubbock Preh, Times xiii. (1878) 491 These [sling- stones] w ere called afai ara—faced or edged stones. e. Of tea: That has been artificially altered in appearance, coloured. 187s Sat. Rc7 >. XL. 553/1 Consumers of ‘ faced ’ tea have taken to it for the benefit of manufacturers and importers. Faced (f?*st), ppl. ab- [f. Face sb. + -ed -.] Furnished with or having a face. 1 . Of persons, f a. Having a face like (a dog, etc.). Obs. b. In combination with some defining prefix, as bare-, dog-, full-, etc., faced, for which see those words. c 1500 Bk. Maid Emlyn in A nr. Poet. Tracts (Percy Soc.) 20 Faced lyke an aungell. 1576 N ewton Bemtiie's Complex. (1633) no Sowre countenanced, faced like death. 1599 Minsheu Dial. Sp. «y Eng. (1623) 67 The Devill. .brought the blush-faced young man to the Court. 1624 Ford, etc. Sun's Darling 11. i, Rural fellows, fac’d Like lovers of your Laws. 1632 Lithgovv Trav. vi. 293 We marched through a fiery faced plaine. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 213 The Bats..are faced like Monkeyes. 1710 Swift Jml. to Stella 23 Sept., He is a rawboned faced fellow. 1863 Sat. Rev. 124 Their leafy height, that winter soon Left leafless to the cold-faced moon. 2 . Faced cloth : a fabric manufactured with a * natural lustre \ 1889 Daily News 5 Oct. 7/7 Advt., Faced Cloths, warranted not to spot with rain, in all the new shades. 3 . Faced card =face-card, court-card. 1794 Sporting Mag. III. 41 ‘We are all faced cards'. ‘ I hope, .you are not all Kings’. 1847-78111 Halliwell. 1869 in Peacock Gloss. Bo?isdale 29. 1879 in Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk. 138. 4 . Printing, (see quot.) 1888 Jacobi Printer's Vocab. 43 Faced Rule, Brass Rule with the ordinary thin face somewhat thickened. 5 . Arch. 4 Faced work , thin stone, otherwise called bastard ashlar, used to imitate squared stone work. In painting, the rubbing down each coat with pumice before the next is laid on. Used also of superior plastering/ (Arch. Diet. 1892). Fa*ced-lined, a . Her. [f. Faced ppl. a. + Lined ppl. a.~\ Of a garment : Having the lining visible. 1825 in Berry Encycl. Herald, s. v. 1889 » n Elvin Diet. Herald. 57. Facel, var. of Fasel, Obs., kidney bean. Faceless (fei-sles), a. [f. Face sb. + -less.] Without a face. + a. Of persons: Lacking face or courage ; cowardly, b. Of a coin : Having the device and legend obliterated. a. 1567 Sempill Bordis Just Quarrel in Ballates (1872) 30 Quhen faceles fuillis sail not he settin by. 1596 Edward III , 1. ii. 9 Faceless fear that ever turns his back. 1727-36 in Bailey. 1775 in Ash. b. 1855 B'raser's Mag. LI. 272 Specimens of the bronze coinage of the later empire, .mostly trite and faceless, as a farthing of the reign of George III. + Fa’Cely, a. Obs. [f. as prec. + -LY L] Giving a face to face view ; open ; transl. med.L. facialis. Cf. Facial a. i. 1605 Pell Romish Faith 44 The cleare and facely vision of God [clara et facialis visio Dei]. Facely, var. of Facilely. Facer (fi? 1- s9i). [f. Face v. and sb. + -er.] t 1 . One who puts on a bold face ; one who boasts or swaggers ; a braggart, bully. Obs. c 1515 Cocke Borelles B. (Percy Soc.) ii Crakers,facers, and chylderne quellers. 1550 Latimer Bast Serm. bef. Edw. VI, Wks. I. 252 Nay : there be no greater tattlers, nor boasters nor facers than they be. 1611 Beaum & Fl. Maid's Trag. iv. ii, A race of idle people. .Facers and talkers. 2 . Post-office . One who 1 faces ’ letters (see Face v, 11 b). 1850 Q. Rev. June 75 The act is by ‘ facers ’ called * pigging ’. 3 . A blow in the face. lit. and fig. 1810 Sporting Mag. XXXVI. 243 Each of the pugilists exchanged, .half a dozen facers. 1819 Moore Tom Crib's Mem. 24 Not to dwell on each facer and fall. 1859 J. Brown Rab «$- F. 2 The.. shepherd, .delivered a terrific facer upon our. .middle-aged friend. fig. 1828 Blackw. Mag. XXII 1 . 109/2 With the right lending the Catholics such a facer, that they are unable to come to time. 1872 Besant & Rice Ready Money M. xviii, ‘ I’ve had a good many facers in my life ’. + 4 . a. A large cup or tankard, b. Such a cup filled to the brim ; a bumper. Obs. a. 1527 Will T. Sparkc (Chetham SccJ 17 Item,to my cosyn yong Thomas Smith my bowndon facer and my glide spone. b. 1688 Shadwell Sqr. Alsatia 11, There’s a facer for you. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crevu, Facer , a Bumper without Lip-room. 1785 in Grose Diet. Vnlg. Tcmgue. t Fa’cet, sb. 1 Obs. Also 5 faceet, facett, faucet, [ad. (through F. facet) L. facet-us (see Facete a.) used as a proper name.] The book Facetus de Moribus (by some attributed to John Garland), which was used in schools as a book of instruction in behaviour. . 1440 Promp. Pori'. 14.3 Faceet, boc.kc.. Face/us. <1475 Bnbces Bk. (1868) 1 Facett seythe the Book of curtesye. a 1483 Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. 45 The Dean of the Chappell to drawe these chyldren. .as well in the schoole of facett, as in songe. [1611 Cotgr., Facet, a Primmer, or Grammer fora yong scholler.] Facet (fse’set), sb* Forms: 7fascet, faueett, 8 faaset, fosset, 8-9 facette, 8- facet, [a. F. facette, dim. of face : see Face sb.~\ A little face. FACET. 9 FACILE. 1. One of the sides of a body that has numerous faces ; orig. one of the small cut and polished faces of a diamond or other gem, but subsequently ex¬ tended to a similar face in any natural or artificial body. Cf. Brilliant. Also preceded by certain defining words, as diagonal-, skill-, skew-, star- facet ; for which see those words. 1625 Bacon Ess. Honour (Arb.) 69 Diamonds cut with Fascets. 1647 R. Stapylton Juvenal 69 Sea-greene berill into fascets cut. 1750 Jeffries Treat. Diamonds 4- Pearls (175 1 ) 35 A Brilliant whose lustre is derived from the angles, or facets, of the sides only. 1800 tr. Lagrange's Chern . II. 157 United with antimony, it gives a brittle metal with facets. 1808 Scott Alarm, iv. xi, Above its cornice, row and row Of fair hewn facets. 1835 Marryat Olla Podr. xxiii, They polish rubies; that is, without cutting them in facettes. 1853 Herschkl Pop. Led. Sc. viii. § 165 (1873) The appearance of certain small obliquely posited facets on the crystal previous to polishing. 1854 Hooker Himal. Jrnls. I. xv. 344 Light reflected from .. myriads of facets [of hoar¬ frost]. 1875 Ure Diet. Arts s. v. Facetting , Facets on gold and silver are cut and polished on revolving wheels. fig. 1820 Mar. Edgeworth Life R. Edgeivorth (1821) II. 260 That facet of the mind which it was the interest or the humour of the moment to turn outward. 2. Anal. a. A small flat and smooth articular surface of a bone. 1836 Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 272/1 The atlas..is articulated with the occipital tubercle by a single concave facet. 1870 Rolleston Anim. Life Introd. 57 The ribs of the Sauna have only a single articular facet. 1881 Mivart Crt/228011 each side of this is an oval, convex, articular facet. b. One of the individual parts or segments ( ocelli ) of a compound eye. 1834 M c Murtie Cuvier's Anim. Ktngd. 289 Compound eyes, where the surface is divided into an infinitude of dif¬ ferent lenses called facets. 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. vi. (1873) 144 The numerous facets on the cornea of their great compound eyes form true lenses. 3 . attrib., as facet-wise. Also facet-diamond, a diamond whose surface is formed into facets ; facet-doublet, a counterfeit jewel (see Doublet) similarly treated; facet-flash, a flash of light from one of the facets of a gem ; in quot.^/Sg*. 1664 Butler Hud. n. i. 601 Grind her lips upon a mill. Until the facet doublet doth Fit their rhymes rather than her mouth. 1676 Lond. Gaz. No. 1207/1 Two Diamond Rings with one Faucett Diamond .. in each Ring. 1690 Songs Costume (Percy Soc.) 186 A saphire bodkin fbr the hair, Or sparkling facet diamond there. 1751 Chambers Cycl. s. v. Facet , Multiplying-glasses are cut in facets or facet-wise. 1868 Browning Ring <$• Bk. 1.1361 Rather learn and love Each facet-flash of the revolving year ! Facet (fie*set), v. Pa. t. and pple. faceted (often erron. facetted), [f. prec. sb. Cf. F. facetter^] trans . To cut a facet or facets upon ; to cover with facets, lit. and fig. 1870 Echo 17 Jan., The almond form [of the Sancy diamond] completely facetted over, .indisputably proves that it was an Indian-cut stone. 1873 Browning Red Cott. Nt.-cap 544 The liquid name * Miranda’—faceted as lovelily As his own gift, the gem. 1874 Westropp Precious Stones 140 Heart-shaped Amethyst. Facetted on face and back. 1881 J. Payne Villon's Poems Introd. 84 He alone divined the hidden diamonds and rubies of picturesque expression, to be .. facetted into glory and beauty by the regenerating friction of poetic employment. Facete (fasrt), a. ; rare in mod. use. Also 7 faceit. [ad. L. facet-us graceful, pleasing, witty. Cf. OF. facet.] 1 . =-Facetious, arch. 1603 Holland Plutarch's Mor. 662 Pleasant demaunds and facete jests. 1621-51 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. iv. iv, Lodovicus Suessanus a facete companion, disswaded him to the contrary. 1651-3 Jf.r. Taylor Serm. for Year (1850) 292 A facete discourse, .can refresh the spirit. 1691 Wood Ath. Oxon. I. 259 He was a man of. .a facete and affable countenance. 1762 Sterne Tr. Shandy vi. v, I will have him. .cheerful, facete, jovial. 1830 tr. Aristophanes' Achar- nians 34 By Jove ! these two hogs are facete ones ! 1863 Sala Capt. Dang. II. ix. 310 Such a Ruffian, .could main¬ tain an appearance of a facete disposition to the last. b. absol. 1807-8 Syd. Smith Plyniley's Lett. Wks. 1859 II. 162/1 If he would, .consider the facete and the playful to be the basis of his character. 1828 Blackw. Mag. XXIV. 257 One or two attempts at raillery and the facete are indeed de¬ plorable. t 2. After Latin usage: Elegant, graceful, po¬ lished. Ohs. a 1635 Nauntojj Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 29 Leicester .. was much the more facete Courtier. Ibid. 56 He was so facete and choice in his phrase and stile. 1662 Bagshaw in Acc. Baxter's Suspension 45 A man., of so Elegant and Facete a Style. Hence + Facetely adv. Obs ., in a witty or humorous manner, pleasantly. + Faceteness, the quality of being witty or humorous ; * wit, pleasant representation* (J.). 1619 Brent tr. SarPi's Counc. Trent (1676) 72 That which facetely was spoken by Erasmus. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel . hi. ii. 11. ii. 558 As lames Lernutius hath facetely expressed in an elegant Ode. 1636 Featly Clavis Myst. xxviii. 361 Poole facetely excused the matter, a 1656 Half.s Gold. Rem. (1688) 170 Parables., breed delight of hearing, by reason of that faceteness and wittiness which is many times found in them. Faceted (fse'seted), ppl. a. Also 9 (erron.) facetted, [f. Facet sb. and v. + -ed.] 1. Of gems, etc. : Having, furnished with, or cut Vol. IV. into facets. Also preceded by some qualifying word, as many-, keenly-faceted. r 8 S 9 Darwin Orig. Spec. vii. (1873) 203 The falling of a facetted spheroid from one facet to another. 1874 Westropp Precious Stones 140 Amethyst, .cushion-cut face; facetted back. 1890 Harper s Mag. Oct. 799/2 It is a many-faceted diamond of the purest lustre. 1890 Daily News 27 Jan. 3/1 It’s [the electric light’s] power is enormously multiplied by the facetted lens. fig. 1864 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. (1865) IV. xi. iii. 44 Friedrich . .loves the sharp facetted cut of the man. 2 . Anat. Provided with facets; see Facet sl>.~ 2. 1836 Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 770/2 The most remarkable modification of facetted eyes. 1870 Rolleston Anim. Life 22 A11 irregularly-shaped bony process .. forms with this smooth facetted process a cup-shaped cavity. Facetiae (fasrJiiD, sb.pl. Also 6 in anglicized form facecies. [a. L .facetiae, pi. of facetia a jest, f. facctus Facete.] Humorous sayings or writings, pleasantries, witticisms. 1529 More Dyaloge 1. Wks. T18/2 With folish facecies and blasphemous mockery. 1657 J. Smith Myst. Rhet. 78 The merry and pleasant sayings incident hereunto are called Facetiae. 1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect I. 324 Gilbert a Beckett .. contributed jokes and facetiae weekly. Faceting' (fie’setiq), vbl. sb. Also 9 (erron!) facetting, [f. Facet v. + -ingL] The action or process of cutting facets on gems or metals. 1875 Ure Diet. Arts , Facetting. 1877 Streeter Precious Stones 1. iv. 32 The Brilliant depends greatly upon the facetting for its exceeding beauty. 1877 Gee Goldiuorker xi. 180 The .. workman turning the links of gold chains be¬ tween his thumb and finger, .and while, .it seems as if they are being presented in a haphazard fashion to the lap, the most perfect-shaped diamonds are being produced. This is called faceting. Facetiosity (fasFjiip'sTti). rare. [f. next; see -ity.] The quality of being facetious; in qnot. quasi -cotter. 1822 Liberal I. 209 The bookseller, .evidently, .laughs at the customer.. when he has the luck to get rid of some heavy facetiosity by a chance sale. Facetious (fasrjas), a. [ad. Yx.faellieux (cited from 16th c.), f. facetie, ad. I,, facetia (see Facetia:) + -ous.] f 1 . [After L .facetusi] Of style, manners, etc.: Polished and agreeable, urbane. Obs. 1592 H. Chettle in^/w^. C. Praise 4 His facetious grace in writting which approoues his art. 2 . Characterized by, or addicted to, pleasantry; jocose, jocular, waggish. Formerly often with laudatory sense; Witty, humorous, amusing ; also, gay, sprightly, a. of utterances, compositions, actions, etc. 1605 Camden Rem. 203 It was then thought facetious. a i6jj Barrow Serm. xiv. Wks. 1741 1 .147 Facetious speech there serves onely to obstruct and entangle business. 1722 Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) I. Pref. 11 Intermixed the serious part sometimes with a facetious accident. 1850 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. iv. 19 Aunty gave George a nudge with her finger designed to be immensely facetious. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 346 Facetious messages .. passed between the besieged and the besiegers, b. of persons, their qualities, etc. 1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. 1. iii, My sweet facetious rascall. 1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. 179, I am no way facetious nor disposed for the mirth..of Company. 1710 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 333 He was of a plea¬ sant, facetious Temper. 1758 Johnson Idler No. 33 F2 Transmitted, .by a facetious correspondent. 1844 Dickens Mar. Chuz. xxiv.(C. D. ed.)25i * Oh you terrible old man !’ cried the facetious Merry to herself. 1874 Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 283 The mediaeval carvers were many of them facetious fellows. Facetiously (fasrjasli), adv. [f. prec. f -l.Y 2.] In a facetious manner. 1 727-36 in Bailey. 1731 Waterland Scripture Vind. 11. 9 B. answers, very facetiously. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones 1. iii, Pages which certain droll authors have been facetiously pleased to call The History of England. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick, xix, Sir Mulberry Hawk leered upon his friends most facetiously. 1885 Manch. Exam 6 May 6/1 The pri¬ vate view, facetiously so-called. Facetiousness (fasfjbsnes). [f. as prec. + -ness.] The quality or fact of being facetious, t a. Polish and pleasantness of manner, urbanity (obs.). f b. Cheerful good-humour ; also, witti¬ ness, wit (obs.). c. Jocularity, jocosity. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. <5- Commw. 267 The Italians in facetiousnesse doe jest; That [etc.]. 1644 Bulwer Chiral. 135 The facetiousnesse of manners and elegancies of learning. 1657 Hobbes Sl/gmai of IVallis Wks. 1845 VII. 386, I ob¬ serve, first, the facetiousness of your title-page. 1757 Burke Abridgm. Fng. Hist. iii. ii, Relaxing with a wise facetious¬ ness, he [William I] knew how to relieveh is mind and preserve his dignity. 1836 Hor. Smith Tin Trump. (1876) 362 This is a random facetiousness, a 1853 Robertson Led. i. (1858) 139 With dull facetiousness. Fach, Fachen, obs. ff. of Fetch, Falchion. Fachine, obs. f. Fascine. Fachon, -oun, obs. ff. of Falchion. Facia (fWpa). [var. of Fascia q.v.] The fablet or plate over a shop front on which is written the name and often also the trade of the occupier. Also attrib. in facia writer, sign and facia writer. Facial (f^ jial, -Jal), a. [a. F. facial, ad. med.L. facial-is of the face, f. facies Face.] + 1 . Thcol. In Facial sight , vision — L. visio fa¬ cialis : Face to face, immediate, open. Obs. 1609 Bell Theoph. \ Remig. 16 The cleare and facial! vision of God. 1633 Earl Manch. Al Alondo (1636) 194 Saint Steven .. had a faciall sight of his Saviour, a xixx Ken Hymnarium Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 17 You in that Beatifick Height, Had of Triunal God a facial Sight. 2 . Of or pertaining to the face or visage; frequent in Anal., as in facial artery, nerve, etc. 1818 Hooper Med. Diet., Facial nerve. 1841 Catlin N. Amer. Ind. (1844) II. lviii. 226 Facial outline of the North American Indians. 1842 E. Wilson Anat. Vade Al. 273 The Facial artery arises a little above the great cornu of the os hyoides. 1855 Thackeray Neiucomes I. 213 A man of.. great facial advantages. 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Alan. iv. 68 Biting her lips with an upward contraction of the facial muscles. 1874 Wood Nat. Hist. 281 The Virginian Eared Owl.—The facial disc is brown, edged with black. b. Palceont. Facial suture (see quot. 1S84). 1872 Nicholson Pahvant. 167 The facial suture is wanting. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Facial suture , the line of division between the glabella and the free cheek on each side in a Trilobite. c. Facial angle : the angle formed by two lines, one horizontal from the nostrils to the ear, the other (called the facial line) more or less vertical from the nostrils to the forehead. The facial angle above described is that of Camper; various other ‘ facial angles * have been subsequently pro¬ posed, and to some extent adopted in craniometry. 1822 W. Lawrence Led. Phys. 146 The ancients, .were aware that an elevated facial line, .indicated a noble and generous nature. Hence they have extended the facial angle to 90°. *845 Darwin Voy. Nat. xvii. (1852) 388 From their low facial angle they [some Lizards] have a singularly stupid appearance. 1866 Livingstone Jml. (1873) I. vi. 140 Many have quite the Grecian facial angle. 3 . Of or belonging to the visible part or sur¬ face of anything. Facial value —face-value. 1842 E. Wilson A?iat. Vade At. 33 The external or facial surface, forms the anterior part of the bone. 1862 Ravvlin- son Anc. Mon. I. vi. 371 To compensate for this monotony in its [the facade’s] facial line. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 328 Seeds, .with 2 facial furrows. 1884 Pall Mall G. 28 June 5 The coupons can be purchased under their facial value. f 4 . quasi-rA =• facial angle. Obs. c 1817 Fuseli Led. Art x. (1848) 5-. 6 Camper, .appears to have ascertained, not only the difference of the faceal [j/VJ in animals, but that which discriminates nations. Hence ra cially adv. + a. Pace to face. b. With reference to the face. a 1641 [D. Baker] Holy P7ad. Devine Lover (1657) 6 In this life only enigmaticallie .. in the future facially and really. 1864 Daily Tel. 1 Aug., His Excellency is not facially remote from the portraits of Talleyrand. t Fa*ciale, sb. Obs. [ad. late faciale?n face¬ cloth, f. facies face.] A face-cloth for a corpse. <11300 Cursor AI. 17693 (Gott.) His faciale, his winding clath, par war pai left. t Faciata, Faciate. Obs. rare. [a. and ad. It .facciata Facade.] A fayade, front. 1644 Evelyn Diary 25 Oct., The faciata of the Court and Chapel. 1654 Ibid. 27 June, The faciate of this Cathe- drall is remarkable for its historical carving. Facieut (b T1 'pent), sb. rare. [ad. L .facient- -em, pr. pple. of facere to do, make.] One who does anything ; an actor or doer. a 1670 Hacket Abp. Williams I. § 77 (1693) 66 Is Sin in the Fact or in the Mind of the Facient ? 1821 Coleridge in Blackw. Mag. X. 250 The shape beheld he would grant to be a making in the beholder's own brain; but the facient, he would contend, was a several and other subject. -facient, formative element repr. L. facient-em ‘making’, pr. pple. of facere to make, occurring in compounds as calefacere, liquefacifre, rubefactre, tepefacere, etc., from pr. pple. of which are adapted the Eng. calefacient, rubefacient, etc.; on the strict analogy ofthese are absorbefacient, and similar words not formed in L.; and in loose imitation aborti- facient, calorifacient, etc., for which L. vbs. would have been in -fiedre, and adjs. in -ficus, calori- fic-us. Some pronounce (ff'-jent), but (ftTj'ent) or (fei'Jyent) is more usual. II Facies [L . facies \ see Face.] + 1 . Humorously for: Face, countenance. Obs. 1611 Cotgr. s. v. AbbS, Face d'able, a jollie, fat, and red face; a fierie facies. 2 . Nat. Hist. General aspect or appearance. 1727-36 in Bailey, Facies (in Botanick Writers) a face. 1849 Murchison Siluria vi. 105 They present the uniform ‘ facies ’ of a thick, yet finely laminated, dark, dull grey shale. 1872 Nicholson Pal&ont. 475 The general facies of the Carboniferous vegetation. 1881 J. S. Gardner in Nature No. 623. 531 Not only is the facies of the flora identical, but identical species appear in both continents. Facile (foe-sil), a. Forms: 5-6 faeyl(l)e, 6-8 facil(l, 5- facile, [a. Fr. facile, ad. L. facil-is easy to do ; also of persons, easy of access, cour¬ teous, easy to deal with, pliant, i. factre to do.] 1 . That can be accomplished with little effort; = Easy ii. Now with somewhat disparaging sense, t Formerly used as predicate with inf. phrase as subject, and in phrase facile and easy. 1483 Caxton As sop 97 It is facyle to scape out of the handes of the blynd. 1538 Starkey England 1. iv. 133 As the one ys ful of hardnes and dyffyculty. so the other ys facyle and esy. 1577 Holinshed Scot. C/iron. I. 449/1 They .. thought it easie and facile to be concluded 1641 Prynne FACILELY. 10 FACILIZE. Antip. Epist. 4, I gathered with no facil labour, the most of those Materials. 1676 Worlidge Cyder (1691)236 The more facile making of the linnen manufacture, a 1708 Beveridge Serm . xci. Wks. 172 q II. 126 All other acts of piety will he facile and easy to him. 1856 Froude Hist. Eng. I. 357 Having won, as he supposed, his facile victory. 1876 C. M. Davies Unorth. Lond. 250 The work appears facile. 2. Of a course of action, a method: Presenting few difficulties. 1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 109 The waye is very facile, and without great laboure. 1607 Topseli. Four-f. Beasts (1673) 152 Yet have they found out this facile and ready course. 1639 Fuller Holy War in. ii. (1647)112 His Holinesse hath a facile and cheap way both to gratifie and engage ambitious spirits. a\ 718 Penn Tracts NVs. 1726 I. 703 It will render the Magistrates Province more facil. 1807 Vancouver Agric . Devon (1813) 463 Baiting .. in the manner performed on the continent, is an infinitely more economical and facile mode of administering refreshment to a jaded animal, i860 Tyndall Glac. 11. ix. 271 The facile modes of measurement which we now employ. + b. Easy to understand or to make use of. Ofis. 1531 Elyot Gov. i. v, As touchynge grammere there is at this day better introductions and more facile, than euer before were made. 1579 Digges Stratiot. u. vii. 47 We have by the former Rules produced this playne and facile Aequa- tion. 1633 Sc. Acts Chas. /, c. 34 The short and facile grammer. 1644 Milton Educ. 100 Those poets which are now counted most hard, will be both facil and pleasant. 1676 Worlidge Cyder (1691) 103 To make this curious Machine more useful and facile. 1786 T. Woolston Let . in Fenning Yng. Algebraists ' Comp.{ 1787) p. v, It having been long considered as a most facile Introduction to Algebra. 1797 Mrs. A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl (1813) II. 24 The harp and the piano-forte were equally facile to Rosa. 3. Moving without effort, unconstrained ; flow¬ ing, running, or working freely ; fluent, ready. 1605 B. Jonson Volpone hi. ii, This author, .has so modern and facile a vein Fitting the time and catching the court- ear. 1657 Austen Fruit Trees 11. 204 One man excells, in a facile and ready expression. 1796 Ld. Sheffield in Ld. Auckland's Corr. (1862) III. 371 Your, .happy facile expres¬ sion in writing. 1820 L. Huht Indicator No. 31 (1822) I. 246 On the facile wings of our sympathy. 1865 Swinburne A ta - lant a 1641 Deaths, .with facile feet avenged. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets v. 144 Stesichorus was one of those facile and abundant natures who excel in many branches of art. 1886 Stubbs Med. $ Mod. Hist. iii. 57 To the facile pen of an Oxford man we owe the production of the most popular manual of our history. 4 . Of persons, dispositions, speech, etc. : + a. Easy of access or converse, affable, courteous (obs.). b. Characterized by ease of behaviour. c 1590 Greene Fr. Bacon 1. iii, Facile and debonair in all his deeds. 1638 Featly Transubt. 219 A young Gentleman of a facile and affable disposition. 1782 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 12 Aug., My father is all himself—gay, facile, and sweet. 1844 Disraeli Coningsby iii. v, Manners, though facile, sufficiently finished. 1876 Holland Sev.Oaks x. 134 He was positive, facile, amiable. c. Not harsh or severe, gentle, lenient, mild. Const, to ; also to with inf. 1541 Elyot Image Gov. 88 Your proper nature is mylde, facile, gentyll, and wytty. 1631 Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 116 She was of a more facile and better inclined disposi¬ tion. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. v. v. § 7 Q. Elizabeth .. A Princesse most facil to forgive injuries. 1670 Milton Hist. Eng. Wks. 1738 II. 80 However he were facil to his Son, and seditious Nobles, .yet his Queen he treated not the less honourably. 1851 Sir F. Pai.grave Norm. <$• Eng. I. 297 The guilty sons were too happy to avail themselves of his facile tenderness. 5. Easily led or wrought upon; flexible, pliant; compliant, yielding. 1511 Colet Serm. Conf. $ Ref. in Phenix (1708) II. 8 Those canons, .that do learn you .. not to be too facile in admitting into holy orders. 1556 Lauder Tractate 251 Be nocht ouir facill for to trow Quhill that 3e try the mater throw, c 1610 Sir J. Melvil Mem. (1683) 103 Facil Princes ..promote them [Flatterers] above faithful Friends. 1648 J. Beaumont Psyche xvii. cxcvii, Alas, That facil Hearts should to themselves be foes. 1671 Milton/*. R. i. 51 Adam and his facil consort Eve Lost Paradise. 1805 Foster Ess. 11. vi. 192 The tame security of facile friendly coincidence. b. in Scots Law. ‘ Possessing that softness of dis¬ position that he is liable to be easily wrought upon by others’ (Jam.). 1887 Grierson Dickson's Tract. Evidence § 35 Proof that the granter of a deed was naturally weak and facile..has been held to reflect the burden of proving that [etc.]. c. transf. Of things: Easily moved, yielding, * easily surmountable ; easily conquerable’ (J.). 1667 Milton P. L. iv. 967 Henceforth not to scorne The facil gates of hell too slightly barrd. t 6 . quasi -adv. Easily ; without difficulty. Obs. c 1523 Wolsey in Fiddes Life 11. (1726) 114 His countries, whose parts non of the Lords or Commons would soe facile inclyne unto. 1548 Hai.l Chron. (1809) 316 Whatsoever were purposed to hym they .. might easely se and facile heare the same. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus 11. 80 The Muses . . mair facill 3our mater will consaif, Fra time that thay heir 3our enarratiue. Facilely (fse’siljli), adv .; rare in mod. use. Forms: 5 facely, 6-7 facilie, -lly, -ly(e, 6 - facilely. [f. prec. + -LY 2 .] In a facile manner. 1. With little exertion, labour, or difficulty; with¬ out effort or restraint; easily. 1490 Caxton Eneydos xxi. 77 That thenne shalle permytte hym facely & lightly for to do his vyage safly. c 1565 Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1728) 60 Now let us see how facilly this matter.. may be brought to pass. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. viii. §32 Cloyster-men. .might more facilly be swayed to bend. 1677 Lady Chaworth, in 12 th Rep. Hist . MSS. Comm. App. v. 39 He might facilier do itt the second time in the way the House had ordered it. 1835 Erasers Mag. XII. 267 The.. principle, Upon which the whole formerly so facilely moved, is de¬ stroyed. f 2 . Affably, courteously, graciously. Obs. 1528 Fox in Pocock Rcc. Ref. 1. liii. 142 His holiness very promptly and facily had condescended unto the granting thereof. 1550 Dk. Northumberland Let. 23 July in Consid. Peace $ Goodiu. Prot. 5 That your Grace may facilely con¬ descend thereunto. 3 . With (a too) ready acquiescence; without sufficient consideration, thoughtlessly. 1864 Spectator 25 June 740 He facilely concludes that some male animals have teats, others not. 1872 Daily News 28 Feb., The cheers ..were no empty breath of a populace facilely beguiled by the lust of the eye. Fa'cileuess. ? 01 >S. Also facilnes(s. ff. as prec. + -ness.] The quality of being facile ; easiness to be persuaded; easy good nature; pliancy. 1549 Compl. Scot . xi. 94 The cite of gabine, throcht there facilnes, gef hasty credit to sextus tarquinus. Ibid. 97 That 3our facilnes be nocht sedusit be ther astuce and subtil persuasions. 1648 J. Beaumont Psyche xvii. cxcvii, Others they with facileness befriend ! a 1665 J. Goodwin Filled w. the Spirit (186 7) 292 Some have a kind of goodness and facileness of disposition. 1727-36 in Bailey. 1775 in Ash. Facilie, obs. f. Facilely. Facilitate (fasi*lit£ 5 t\ v. [f. F. facilit-er to render easy ( = It . facilitare, i.facilis Facile, after L. vbs. like debilitdre, etc.) +-ate 3 .] 1 . trans. To render easier the performance of (an action), the attainment of (a result); to afford facilities for, promote, help forward (an action or process). 1611 Cotgr., Faciliter, to facilitate or make easie. 1621 Sir G. Calvert in Fortesc. Papers 155 It will, .facilitate the present negotiation. 1670 Cotton Espernon 1. 11. 64 It., much facilitated the Duke of Guise his Victories, to have an Enemy reduc’d to such streights before he came to engage them. 1714 Lady M. W. Montague Lett, lxxxvi. 141 It .. may facilitate your election. 1732 Arbuthnot Rules of Diet 278 All such things as increase and facilitate the animal or natural Motions. 1838 T. Thomson them. Org. Bodies 102 All the alkaline bodies, .facilitate the solu¬ tion of picrotoxin in water. 1883 Stubbs' Mercantile Circular 27 Sept. 861/2 The reformed procedure .. has not appre¬ ciably facilitated the progress of public business. + b. To make easier or less abstruse; to sim¬ plify. Obs. rare. a 1656 Hales Tracts (1677) 89, I thank you for. .facilitat¬ ing to my understanding the scope and purpose of the xi of S fc . Mat. II 2 . To lessen the labour of, assist (a person). 1646 H. Lawrence Comm. Angells 77 Which may more easily leade and facilitate us, to the consenting to such a lust. 1650 Fuller Pisgah 11. 64 Here lived the Emims shrowdly smote by Chederlaomer, which probably did facilitate the Moabites in their victory over them. 1890 Sat. Rev. 6 Sept. 303/2 The author seems to aim solely at facilitating the pupil in his dealings with everyday French. Hence Facilitated///, a., Facilitating vbl. sb . 9 and Facilitating///, a. 1613 Shf.rley Trav. Persia 3 Which would haue beene.. a facillitating of any enterprise, which, .that Earle was ever . .vndertaking against him. 1674 Boyle Excell. TJieol. 11. iv. 171 Rectifying .. errours .. by the assistance of such facilitating helps. 1776 Bentham Wks. (1843) I. 288 These facilitating circumstances. 1876 Mozley XJniv. Serm. vii. 151 Undoubtedly habit is a great facilitating principle. 1884 Pall Mall G. 2 Apr. 1/2 The lake district .. is in no need of facilitated means of access. Facilitation (fasklitJ'jan). [f. as prec. + -ATION.] 1 . The action or process of facilitating or render¬ ing easy; an instance of this. 1619 Brent tr. Sarpi's Counc. Trent (1629) 769 For facili¬ tation heereof, it [the Synod] doth renew some things decreed by the holy Canons. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 103 f 5 The use of their discoveries to the facilitation of commerce. 1791 Newte Tour Eng. <$• Scot. 102 This facilitation of con¬ veyance would contribute much to the improvements in the northern parts of the island. 1862 T. A. Trollope Lent. Journey ix. 134 Impediment to free locomotion was a very much more important consideration than facilitation of it. 2 . A means of facilitating or helping forwards; help. Const, to, towards. Now rare. 1648 W. Montagu Devout Ess. 1. x. § 6. 118 A generall habit of sincerity, which when it is referred to religious uses, proves a facilitation towards fidelity and perseverance in them. 1823 Lamb Corr. (1870) 218 The impediments and facilitations to a sound belief are various. Facilitative (fasrlite'tiv), a. [f. Facilitate v. + -ive.] Tending to facilitate. 1864 Glasgcnu Citizen 19 Nov., Tolls are restrictive, and not facilitative. Facilitator (fasi lit^tar). [f. Facilitate v. 4- -or.] One who or that which facilitates. 1824 Ann. Reg. 266* An apparatus for shaving which he denominates the useful and elegant facilitator. 1834 New Monthly Mag. XLII. 260 Steam and gas .. are the grand facilitators and illuminators of the intercourse of the most distant provinces. 1871 Pall Mall G. 29 Mar. 11 The Washington correspondent .. says the Senate is becoming the great facilitator of jobs and schemes. + Fa'cilite, w. Obs. rare —*. [ad. Fr .facilitcr-. see Facilitate.] = Facilitate. 1604 T. Wright Passions v. § 4. 193 By this meanes pro¬ found conceit shall bee facilited, and therewith the auditors instructed, .and moued. 1608 D. Tuvil Ess. Polit. $ Mor. 86 b, The faciliting of treacherous .. practises. Facility (fasi-ITti). Forms : 6 facilitye, (fa- cillitie, faeylytye, fecility), 6-7 facilitie, 6-. facility, [a. F. facilite, ad. L. facilitat-em, 1 . facilis easy : see Facile and -ity.] 1 . The quality, fact, or condition of being eas, or easily performed ; freedom from difficulty or impediment, ease ; an instance of the same. Often in phr. with ( great , much, more ) facility. 1531 Elyot Gov. i. xxii, An induction, .howe children., maybe trayned.. with a pleasant facilitie. 1576 Fleming Pa7iopl. Epist. 383, I cannot see what you may do wyth more facilitie and easinesse. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. iii. (1611) 191 The great facilitie of their language. 1649 Roberts Clavis Bibl. ii. 20 That difficulties deterre not from the study of Scripture, there are intermingled some facilities. 1791 Burke App. Whigs (ed. 3) 121 The facility with which government has been overturned in France. 1805 Foster Ess. i. ii. 17 The facility or difficulty of under¬ standing. 1881 Westcott & Hort Grk. N. T. Introd. § 29 The relative facilities of the several experimental deductions. 2 . a. in sing. Unimpeded opportunity for doing something. Const. of for , to with inf. In early use also: + Means, resources (cf. Faculty). 1519 Four Elements in Hazl. Dodsley I. 27 Ye. .have had great facility Strange causes to seek. 1656 Duchess of New- castle Life Dk. Newcastle (1886) 317 To impoverish my friends,or go beyond the limits or facility of our estate. 1659 B. Harris ParivaTs Iron Age 172 He found great facility everywhere and very little aversion anywhere. 1730 A. Gordon Maffeis Amphith. 347 The Facility of covering the Spectators with an Awning, .was. .not one of the least wonderful Things about the Building. 1859 Mill Liberty v. (1865) 60/1 The limitation in number .. of beer .. houses .. exposes all to an inconvenience because there are some by whom the facility would be abused. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. I. 147 The utmost facility is allowed to the upper millstone of adjusting itself. b. in //. (also every facility ): Opportunities, favourable conditions, for the easier performance of any action. [So Fr. facilitis from 17th c.] 1809 Wellington in Gurw. Disp. IV. 357 He wishes to be permitted and to have the facilities given to him to return to France as soon as possible. 1825 M c Culloch Pol. Econ. 1. 35 The facilities given to the exportation of goods manufactured at home. 1865 Huxley Lay Serm. ii. (1870) 28 Throw every facility in their way. 1876 Patterson in C. M. Davies Unorth. Lond. (ed. 2) 250 The facilities for ordinary traffic are apt to break down. 3 . In action, speech, etc.: Ease, freedom, readi¬ ness ; aptitude, dexterity. 1532 Hervet Xenophon’s Househ. To Rdr., His swete eloquence, and incredyble facilitie. 1596 Lodge Wits Miserie 57 Lilly, the famous for facility in discourse. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. Epit. (1612) 382 An ordinary care and skilfull Facilitie in collecting.. their descents. 1736 Butler Anal. 1. v. Wks. 1874 I. 86 We are capable..of getting a new facility in any kind of action. 1762-71 H. Walpole Vertue’s A need. Pa hit. (1786) III. 103 The stranger .. per¬ formed it with such facility and expedition, that [etc.]. 1841 D’Israeli Amen. Lit. (1867) 475 Spenser composed with great facility. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 16 Facility in learning is learning quickly. b. Of style : Easy-flowing manner, fluency. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. iv. ii. 126 The elegancy, facility, & golden cadence of poesie. 1700 Dryden Fables Pref. *B 1 Both writ with wonderful Facility and Clearness. 1879 O. W. Holmes Motley xv. 96 He proceeds with an increased facility of style. 14 . Easiness of access or converse, affability, condescension, courtesy, kindly feeling. Obs. 155° Veron Godly Saiyngs (1846) 22 Beseching .. that ye of your wont goodness & facilitie vouchsafe to accept this my rude labour. 1677 Marvell Let. to Mayor of Hull Wks. I. 287 This slid over, out of their facility to an old servant. 1791 Boswell Johnson 25 Mar. an. 1776, I won¬ dered at this want of. .facility of manners. 1793 Smeaton Edystone A. § 112 note. Our men were much struck, .with the facility of the Portland ladies. 5 . Easiness to be led or persuaded to good or bad, readiness of compliance, pliancy. Also rarely const, to with inf Liability, readiness. 1533 More Apol. xxxvi. Wks. 900/2 Of some faeylytye of hys ovvne good nature, .easi to beleue som such as haue told him lies. 1607-12 Bacon Ess., Goodness (Arb.) 202 That is but Facilitie, or Softnesse ; which taketh an honest Minde Prisoner. 1646 Slingsby Diary (1836) 181 To all which y° King yeilds, w th a facility of nature. 1702 Eng. 1'hcopJn‘ast. 165 Licentiating any thing that is coarse and vulgar, out of a foolish facility. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 169 The facility of Charles was such as has perhaps never been found in any man of equal sense. 1875 Manning Mission II. Ghost viii. 216 Those who have in time past been guilty of any sin. .have a facility to fall again. b. in Scots Law. c 1565 Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1778) 279 In re¬ gard of the Facility of the Earl of Arran. 1861 W. Bell Diet. Law Scot. s. v., As a ground of reduction, facility is quite distinct from incapacity. c. transf. Of things: Flexibility, rare. 1856 Kane Grinnell Exp. xliii. 401 The swell of the ice . .transmitting with pliant facility the advancing wave. 6. Indolent ease, indifference. 1615 T. Adams Two Sonnes 68 They imagine that facilitie, a soft and gentle life is hence waranted. 1791 Boswell Johnson Advt., Those who read them with careless facility. Fa*cilize, v. Obs. rare- 1 , [f. Facile + -ize. Cf. ¥. faciliseri] trails. To render easy or plain. 1610 W. Folkingham Art of Sunny 1. viii. 15 It shall not bee amisse to particularize the Natures and qualities both of good and badde soyles, to the end their distinctions may be facilized. Facilles: see Fasel, FACINEKOSE. 11 FACT. Faciner (i)ous : see Facinoh-. 1 Facinerose, Obs. rare- [ad. L .faci- neros-us, var. of facinorbsus (see Facinorous).] — FACINOROUS. 1727 in Bailey, vol. II. Facing 1 (f^’siij), vbl. sb. [f. Face v. + -ing 1 .] The action of the verb Face. + 1 . The action of boasting, swaggering, or brow¬ beating ; an instance of this, a defiance. Obs. i5 2 3 St. Papers Hen. VII/, VI. 190 Protestations and exclamacions, with facyng crakyng and mynatorie wordes against the Cardynalles. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. xii. 5 Their importunate facing and bracing in woordes. a 1625 Fletcher Lovers Progress hi. vi, Leave facing, 'twill not serve you. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. lxvi. (1739) 140 This wrought.. complainings in England, and facings between the Emperor and th.e Pope. t b. attrib. in Facing-card (see Face v. and Card sb . 2 2 a) : Jig. an imposing allegation or argument. Obs. a 1624 Bp. M. Smith Serin. (1632)33 If yee [goe away ,1 for these facing-cardes of multitudes or chaire, vnhappy are ye. 2 . Mil. The action of facing or turning in another direction. Facing-about : the action of turning in the opposite direction, an instance of this. Hence To put (one) through (his) facings, to go through (ones) facings: lit. and Jig. Also transf 1635 Barriffe Mil. Discip. ix. (1643) 32 Facing is a par¬ ticular turning of the Aspect from one part to another. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. in. ii. § 11 After many encounters and facings about, they fell into their severall troops. 1724 De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 232 Their facing about, .put them into a great disorder. 1833 Regul. Instr. Cavalry 1. 13 Ingoing through the facings, the left heel never quits the ground. 1867 Trollope Citron. Barset I. xli. 356 Grace, not at all unwillingly, was put through her facings. 1888 C. Blatherwick Uncle Pierce i, Look in as you pass, .and I’ll put you through your facings. 3 . The action of turning (a card) face upwards. 1674 Cotton Complete Gamester in Singer Hist. Cards 344 Lest there should be a discovery made of the facing, he palms them as much as he can. 4 . concr. (chiefly in pi.) : Something with which a garment is faced (cf. Face vb. 12) ; esp. the cuffs and collar of a military jacket, when of a different colour from the rest of the coat. 1566 in Peacock Eng. Ch. Furniture 89 Two Copes the ffacyng taken of. 1607 Topsell Four-/. Beasts (1673) 87 Their skins are of great use through the world.. for garments, facings, and linings. 1612 Barry Merry Tricks 111. i, Tawny coats, with greasy facings. 1688 Lend. Gaz. No. 2368/4 The stuff having yellow Spots, .with a little Silver Edging across the Facing. 1741 Richardson Pamela I. xx. 49, I made robings and facings of a pretty bit of printed calico. 1816 ‘ Quiz ’ Grand Master ih. 56 His facings bore The designa¬ tion of his corps. 1853 Stocqueler Mil. Encycl. s. v., The facings of the artillery are scarlet. 1866 Rogers Agric. fy Prices I. xxii. 580 The silk lining or facing is used for the summer robe only. b. transf. and fig. 1642 Wotton Life Dk. Buckingham 5 These Offices and Dignities, .were but the facings and fringes of his greatnesse. 1642 Fuller Holy Prof. St. v. viii. 388 Well may the Hypocrite afford gaudy facing. 1808 Syd. Smith Plymley s L ett, x, Dulness turned up with temerity, is a livery all the worse for the facings. 1862 Burton Bk. Hunters 1863^46 Each shelf uniform, with its facings or rather backings, like well-dressed lines at a review. 5 . The action of putting a new face on (any¬ thing) ; of overlaying (a building, etc.) with other material; of colouring (tea); the action of cover¬ ing or protecting the face of. Cf. Face v. 13-15. 1549 ChurcJvw. Ace. St. Dunstan's, Canterbury , For fasynge of the Images in the Churche ix d. Item fasynge of the tabyll that stoode at the Awlter iiij d. 1703 T. N. City . XL. 552/2 We are told that the ‘ facing ’ of tea .. does not affect its quality. 6 . concr. a. A superficial coating or layer; also the material of which this is made. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) no The inner facing of his chimney Casket. 1783 T. Warton Hist. Kidding/on (ed. 2.) 67 If we suppose some assistance from an artificial facing, they must have been visible at a vast distance. 1832 W. Stephenson Gateshead Local Poems 32 I’ll get My anvil a new facing. 1856 J. H. Wai.sh Dom. Econ. (1857) 285 Exhausted tea leaves made up with, .facing. 1875 Sat. Rev. XL. 553/1 Green teas with a slight facing of colour. 1882 Wore. Exhib. Catal. iii. 52 Nickel, brass, and steel facing for printing from. b. esp. The external layer of stone or other material which forms the face of a wall, bank, etc. Also the corners, door-jambs, etc. of stone em¬ ployed to set off a brick building. 1823 P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 585 Facings , in joinery, those fixed parts of wood-work which cover the rough work of the interior sides of walls &c. 1841 W. Spalding Italy It. I si. I. 303 Rubble work .. the facing of which with stone has chiefly disappeared. 1866 Rogers Agric. <$• Prices I. xx. 485 The older portions, of. .Merton College, many of which have perhaps been disfigured by modern facings. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech., Facing {Hydraulic Engineering), a. Protection for the exposed faces of sea-walls and embank¬ ments. .b. A layer of soil over the puddle, upon the sloping sides of a canal. 1876 Gwilt Arc/iit. 562 Walls are most commonly built with an ashlar facing. 1884 J. T. Bent in Macm. Mag. Oct. 432/1 The facings and window cases of all the houses are of marble. c. An external cover or protection. 1849 Grote Greece 11. lxix. (1862) VI. 220 The horses also were defended by facings both over the breast and head. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl . II. xviii. 185 A small pane of glass, formerly the facing of a daguerreotype. d. Founding. (See quot.) 1874 Knight Diet. Mech., Facing (Founding^, powder applied to the face of a mold which receives the metal. The object is to give a fine smooth surface to the casting. 1883 T. D. West Amer. Foundry Practice 364 Sea-coal or bitu¬ minous facing is mixed in with sands for heavy casting.. There is a limit to the percentage of facings to be mixed with the sand, which, if exceeded on the heavy castings, causes the iron to eat into the facing sand. 7 . Mining. - Cleat sb. 5. 1851 Green well Coal-trade Terms Northumb. 244 The physiological fact of the peculiar connection between the mind and the brain. U c. Occas. applied concr. to a person, an insti¬ tution, etc. (A strained use.) 1858 Hawthorne Fr. <$■ It. frills. (1872) I. 14 The first Napoleon. .one of the eternal facts of the past. 1877 Owen in Wellesley's Desp. p. xxi, The British Empire in India was already a great fact. 5. Often loosely used for: Something that is alleged to be, or conceivably might be, a ‘ fact \ a 1729 S. Clarke Scrm. lxix. Wks. 1738 I. 428 It would have been absurd to alleage in preaching to vnbelievers, a Fact which itself presupposed the Truth of Christ’s mission. * 793 - 7 Spirit Pub. frills. (1797) I. 356 If another soldier should call you a jail bird, and the truth of the fact be noto¬ rious. 1824 Westminster Rev. II. 209 This is, as usual, a false fact, supported by a supposed motive. 1831 Blackw. Mag. June 900 '1 The poison of false notions, and, if we may use an expression which, we believe, is in Junius, false facts. 1832 Bp. Thirlwall Remains (1878) III. 185 But I do not mean to deny the fact. 187- Ibid. 489, I am not concerned to deny the fact. Mod. The writer’s facts are far from trustworthy. 6 . (Without a and pi.) That which is of the nature of a fact; what has actually happened or is the case ; truth attested by direct observation or authentic testimony; reality. Matter offact: a subject of discussion belonging to the domain of fact, as distinguished from matter of inference , of opinion, of law, etc. (See also Matter.) 1581 E. Campion in Confer. 11. (1584) M b, He speaketh of a matter of fact. 1641 Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 31 A .. de- scription of the matter-of-fact. 1736 Butler Anal. 1. iii. Wks. 1874 1 .50 An instance, .collected from experience and present matter of fact. 1745-9 Rep. Cond. Sir f. Cope 115 4 It is Fact’ that something uncommon was expected. 1794 Paley Ezu'd. i 1825)11. 271 The evangelists wrote from fact, not from imagination. 1832 Lew is Use $ Ab. Pol. Terms iii. 35 To deny the power of the legislature to dispose of it [property] at pleasure, is to confound expediency and justice with fact. 1836 J. Gilbert Chr. Atoncm. iv. (1852) 120 This case of deliverance, .from the pangs of guilt, .is fact. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 241 Imagination is often at war with reason and fact. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. 68 As a matter of fact we rarely, if ever, experience either. b. In fact : in reality (cf. sense i and indeed). I Now often used parenthetically in an epexegetical statement, or when a more comprehensive asser¬ tion is substituted for that which has just been made. In point of fact-, with regard to matters of fact; also (and now usually) = in fact. 1707 Addison Pres. State War 36 If this were true in Fact, I don’t see any tolerable colour for such a conclusion. 1711 Swift frul. to Stella 10 Nov., Three or four great people are to see there are no mistakes in point of fact. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. 11. § 24 In whatever light you may consider it, this is in fact a solid benefit. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 38 In fact, a thousand questions might be asked, .which he would not find it easy to answer. 1818 Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. ix. 712 In point of fact, the in¬ fluence exerted. .hasnever been great. 1871 Smiles Lharac. ii. (1876) 49 Gray was, in fact, a feminine man. 1888 A. W. Streane feremiah 102 In point of fact Jeremiah was absent from Jerusalem. Moa. He is very independent— extravagantly so, in fact. C. Tiie fact (of the matter) : the truth with re¬ gard to the subject under discussion. *875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 23 Whereas the fact is that I enquire with you into the truth. 7 . Law. In sing, and pi. The circumstances and incidents of a case, looked at apart from their legal bearing. Attorney in fact', see Attorney. <11718 Penn Tracts Wks. 1726 I. 501 The Jury is judge of Law and Fact. 1892 J. M. Lely Whartons Law Lex. 616/1 When a jury is sworn it decides all the issues of fact. t Fact, pa. pple. Obs. [ad. L. fact-us ; see Fact sb.] Made. 1600 Tourneur Transf. Metamorph. xxvi, The flesh..of excrementale earth is wholly fact. Factful (farktful), a. [f. Fact sb. 4 - -ful.] a. Of a person : Well acquainted with facts, b. Of a literary work : Full or consisting of facts. 1875 Helps Anim. § Mast. i. 19 Our fact-full friend whips out some unpleasant fact. 1887 Sat. Rev. 3 Sept. 337 The cheap little collection .. seldom admits numbers which are not ‘matterful and factfulas some singular people say. +Fac‘tible a. c 1630 W. Oughtred in Vernon Life Hcylin(\S&d) 46 The difficulty of the place of [the moon’s node] I saw factible at Sea. Faction (farkJbn),jA Also 6 faccion, fac(c)- yon, S factione. [a. F .faction, ad. L . faction-em, n. of action i.facere to do, make. The L. senses are: 1. action or manner of making or doing; 2. a class (of persons) either professional or social; 3. apolitical party, chiefly in bad sense, an oligarchical clique. The popular F. representative of the word, which had only the first sense, appears in Eng. as Fashion.] + 1 . A doing or making : cf. Fashion, a. Man¬ ner of acting or behaving; an action, proceeding, course of conduct, b. The action of doing or making something; an instance of this. Obs. a. 1559 in Strype Ann. Rif. I. App. viii. 22 The Pope’s Factions in refusinge to. .confirme those which were duely electyd to Ecclesiasticall Dignities. 1607 Topsell Four/. Beasts (1673) 110 The factions of dogs for their own ease :— When they lie down, they turn round in a circle two or three times together, a 1625 Boys Wks. (1629' 628 The prisoner of Jesus Christ, in bonds not for any faction of yours or fault of his owne. b. 1612 R. Sheldon Serin. St. Alartiiis 34 Their daily new makings, productions, factions, creations, .of Christ. 1676 R. Dixon Two Test. 29 Faction, when a Testator declares this to be his last Will and Testament. 1689 Foxes <$• Firebrands iii. 216 Either by Creation or Faction from some pre-existing matter. 2 . A class, sort, or set of persons. + a. gen. 1530 Proper Dyatoge (1863) 13 Dyuers facciones Of col- legianes monkes and chanones Haue spred this region ouer all. 1591 Siiaks. Two Gent. iv. i. 37 This fellow were a King, foroure wilde faction. 1606 — Tr. Cr. 11. i. 130, I will, .leaue the faction of fooles. 1606 Holland Suelon. 187 He chose. .5000. .young men out of the commons, who beeing sorted into factions should learne certaine kinde of shouts and applauses. b. spec, in Rom. Antiq. One of the companies or organizations of contractors for the chariot races in the circus. 1606 Holland Sucton. 188 A chariot driver one of the greene-coale faction. 1788 Gibbon Decl. F. xl. IV. 69 The blue and green factions continued to afflict the reign of Justinian. 1869 Lecky Europ. Mor. I. iii. 231 An en¬ thusiastic partisan of one of the factions in the chariot races. 1882 C. Elton Orig. Eng. Hist. xi. 308 The factions of the Blues and Greens were promised as many chariot- races as could be run between morning and night. c. Sc. A division of a class in school ; a section. 1700 Extracts fr. Aberdeen Reg. 23 Oct. (Burgh Record Soc. 1872) 331 Item, in tyme of prayer that each deciirio goe to the factione under his inspectione. 1870 J. Burns Mcttt.W. C. Burns i. 20 He fought his way steadily, .through the class till he reached..the highest ‘faction’. 1872 D. Brown Life f. Duncan ii. 14 Maintaining his position in the first faction or bench,—each faction containing only four boys. 3 . A party in the state or in any community or association. Always with opprobrious sense, con- : veying the imputation of selfish or mischievous ends or turbulent or unscrupulous methods. 1509 Fisher Fun. Serin. C’tess. Richmond Wks. (1876) : 296 If any faccyons or bendes were made.. she.. dyde boulte it oute. *535 Joye Apot. Titidale 33 Tindals faccion and his disciples .. beleue lyke their master. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. viii. (1634) 25 Core, Dathan, and Abiram, and all that wicked faction. 1581 W. Stafford Exam. Compl. iii. (1876) 97 What continuall warres hath the Faction of the Arrians bene the occasion of? 1640 Yorke Union Hon. 331 Hee..was Chiefe of the faction of the white Rose. 1667 Pepys Diary (1877) V. 4 He hath joined himself with my Lady Castleinaine’s faction. 1776 Gibbon Dccl.Sf F. I. xviii. 493 The public tranquillity was disturbed by a discontented faction. 1828 D’Israeli Chas. 1 , 1 . vi. 157 Religion was running into factions. 1849 Lewis Injl. Author, x. note 385, When a party abandons public and general ends, and devotes itself only to the personal inter¬ ests of its members and leaders, it is called a faction, and its policy is said to be factious. 1868 E. Edwards Raleigh I. vii. 108 The Marian faction and the Spanish faction had played into each other’s hands. b. transf. and fig. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat . 1063 The faction of evill is so much stronger in our nature, then that of Good. 1627 P. Fletcher Locusts 11. ii, The spirit and flesh man in two factions rend. 1697 Drydkn Virg. Georg, iv. 04 If intestine Broils allarm the Hive. .The Vulgar in divided Factions jar. c. In Ireland applied to certain mutually hostile associations among the peasantry, consisting usually of the members of one particular family (which gives its name to the faction) and of their relatives and friends. 1830 W. Carleton Irish Peasantry II. 29 His family was not attached to any faction—and when I use the word faction, it is in contradistinction to the word party—for faction, you know, is applied to a feud or grudge between Roman Catholics exclusively. 1838 S. C. Hall Lights t y Shad. Irish Life I. 287 There’s as many as twenty of my faction at the Greybeard’s stone. 4 . ‘ Party ’ in the abstract; self-interested or turbulent party strife or intrigue ; factious spirit or action ; dissension, f To be in faction with : to be in league with. 1538 Starkey England 1. iv. 106 Ther should be facyon and partys, wyth grete ambycyon and enuy. a 1652 Brome Mad Couple 11. Wks. 1873 I. 33 The Rogue’s in faction with ’em. 1682 Burnet Rights Princes Pref. 13 An Equality among Pastors, cannot hold long without Faction. 1735 8 Bolingbroke On Parties Ded. 16 But Faction hath no Regard to national Interests. 1795 Burke Tit. Scarcity Wks. 1842 II. 247 Idle tales, spread about by the industry of faction. 1841 Emerson Led., Conservative Wks. (Bohn) II. 276 The man of principle, .even in the fury of faction is respected, i860 Hook Lives A bps. I. vi. 348 The popularity, which faction was obliged, .to concede. f b. A factious quarrel or intrigue. Obs. 1593 R* Harvey Philad. 18 Hurdibras allayed the fac¬ tions and quarrels that he found among his people. 1623 Laud in Ellis Orig. Lett. 11. 263 III. 241 A faction about the choice of a newe Governour. 1661-2 Pepys Diary 22 June, There are factions (private ones at Court) about Madam Palmer. « 5 . attrib. and Comb., as faction fight, f -governor ; faction-mad, -ridden, adjs. 1841 in S. C. Hall Ireland I. 427 ‘The *faction-fights’.. said an intelligent countryman.. ‘ are a’most..gone off the face of the country’. 1890 W. Smith's Did. Gr. «y Rom. Antiq. (ed. 3) I. 438 Even in Rome faction fights frequently took place towards the declining period of the empire. 1639 Drumm. of Hawth. Find. Hamiltons Wks. (17m 238 Hamilton was not named by a private *faction-governour. 1784 Cowper Task in. 673 An overbearing race That, like the multitude made ^faction-mad, Disturb good order. 1888 Pall Mall G. 6 Oct. 1/2 The distracted and Taction ridden Republic of France. t Faction, v. Ohs. ff. prec. sb.] 1 . intr. To act in a factious or rebellious spirit; to intrigue ; to mutiny. Also to faction it. 1609 Bp. W. Barlow Aiisw. Nameless Cath. 45 Preaching to them, not factioning against them. 1656 S. H. Gold. Law 81 They need not faction it for their places, being al¬ ready plac’t. 1682 Southerne Loyal Brother iii, This rebel nature factions in my breast. 2 . trails. To form into factions. 1656 S. H. Gold. Law 35 They .. divided and factioned the people to the Hazard and Ruine of al. Hence f Fa*ctioned ppl. a., t Fa’ctioning vbl. sb. 1653 Holcroft Procopius Pref., How are they commonly so faction’d and sided, that their Relations are but their Interests. 1656 S. H. Gold. Law 61 Which else by such factionings and rebellions might have been endangered. -faction, repr. L. -/actionem, forming nouns of action related to vbs. in -FY ; properly used only where fiy represents L. faccre , Fr. faire , as in satisfaction ; but through confusion occasionally used (instead of -fication) where fiy represents L. fiedre, Fr. fur, as in petrifaction. Factional (foe'kjbnal), a. [f. Faction sb. + -al ] Of or belonging to a faction or factions ; characterized by faction. 1650 B. Discolliminiuin 16 It must be a National Neces¬ sity, and not a Parliall or Factionall. 1832 Fraser's Alag. IV. 647 Aiding., the independent part of society .. and balancing the interested and factional parts. 1876 Con temp. Rev. XXVII. 973 Jews factional, fanatical, full of hopes. 1881 Fifeshire frill. 24 Mar. 4/3 There have been two factional victories in Scotland within a brief period. Factionary (farkjbnari), a. and sb. [f. as prec. + -ary.] A. adj. f 1 . Taking part in a quarrel or dissension; active as a partisan. 1607 Shaks. Cor . v. ii. 30 Remember my name is Mene- nius ; alwayes factionary on the party of your Generale. 2 . Of or pertaining to a faction. 1877 Mrs. Oliphant Atakers Flor. iv. 94 Whenever he [the monk] ascended to the higher eminences of the Church, lie too became, .a factionary and political leader. B. sb. A member of a faction ; a partisan. 1555 Eden Decades 62 Many occasions were sought FACTIONATE. agenst Ancisus by Vascus and his factionaries. a 1834 Coleridge Notes on Waterland in Lit. Remains IV. 245 The unmistakable passions of a factionary and a schismatic. 1854 tr. Lamartine's Celebr. Char., Cromwell II. 201 This religious enthusiasm, .transformed a body of factionaries into an army of saints. t Factionate, v. Obs. [f. as prec. + -ate 3 .] 1. trans. To join together in a faction, band to¬ gether. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xvi. § 68 Whose bodies though thus diuided, their mindes continued most firmely factionated. 2. in/r. To form factions. 1642 Hales Tract cone, Sc/tisme n Factionating and tumultuating of great and potent Bishops. Factioneer, sb. [f. as prec. + -eek.] A member of a faction, a party-man. c 1710 Light to Blind fo. 626 in 10 th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 142 The factioneers must have their will. 1732 Sir C. Wogan Let. to Swift 27 Feb., He [Charles II] found himself obliged to .. turn cahalist and factioneer. 1806 VV. Taylor in Robberds Mem. II. 139 Appoint a fac¬ tioneer by any other voice than the people’s, and he is ruined. Factioneer (fa^kjanio-i), v. rare. [f. prec. j£.] in/r. To busy oneself in factions. Hence Fac- tionee'ring ppl. a. 1881 Glasgow News 22 Mar., The dupe of factioneering dogmatism. t Factioner. Obs. [f. Faction v. + -eu L] One who makes or joins a faction ; a partisan. 1587 Hounshed Scot. Chron. II. 440/1 The assemblie.. did. .appoint general! fastings, .especiallie, when some fac- tioner in the countrie was to moue anie great enterprise, t 1610 Sir J. Melvil Mem. (1735) 311 He was advertised by some Factioners that the Earls of Angus, Mar, etc... had an Enterprise in Hand. 1644 in Carte Ormonde III. 360 Ormonde’s factioners meet every night. Factionist (farkjanist). [f. as prec. + -ist.] a. One who promotes or leads a faction, b. A member of a faction, partisan. Also attrib. 1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answ. Nameless Cath. 67 A Libeller by custom, a Factionist in Societie. 1625 Bp. Mountagu App. Caesar 11. xxiv. 271 Wee live with Puritans and opposite factionists. 1718 Strype Life Whitgift 1. xiii. 76 He [Dr. Still] .. kept a strict Hand over the growing Factionists. 1830 D’Israeli Chas. /, III. i. 5 Leaders., may degenerate into factionists. 1891 Daily News 31 Oct. 6/5 The Parnellites were simultaneously holding a meeting, which was addressed by the factionist leaders. t Facticrse, Obs . rare~°. [ad. ’L.factios- tts: see next.] 4 Given or inclinable to faction, seditious 9 (1727 Bailey, vol. II.). Factious (fse'kjos), a . Also 6 faccious, fac- tiouse. [ad. F. factieux or L. factios-us, f. fac¬ tion-em : see Faction and -ous.] 1. Of persons and their dispositions: Given to faction; inclined to form parties, or to act for party purposes; seditious. 1535 Jo ye Apol. Tindale 44 Calling me vayngloriouse.. sedyciouse, factiouse, a sower of heresyes. a 1568 A sc ham Scholem. 1. (Arb.) 76 A discoursing tong, and a factious harte. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI , v. i. 135 Chop away that factious pate of his. 1624 Capt. Smith Virginia in. ill. 52 We should incurre the censure of factious and seditious persons. 1750 Berkeley Patriotism § 42 Wks. 1871 III. 457 The factious man is apt to mistake himself for a patriot, a 1850 Calhoun Wks. (1874) II. 62 A factious opposition sickens at the sight of prosperity. 1874 Green Short Hist. x. (1876) 742 The factious spirit, which springs from a long hold of power. 2. Of actions, utterances, etc.: Pertaining to or proceeding from faction ; characterized by party spirit. 1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 666/1 For the settyng foorth and auauncing of hys [Tindal’s] false faccious here¬ sies. 1606 Shaks. Tr. Cr. 1. iii. 191 Ajax .. makes fac¬ tious Feasts. 1665 Boyle Occas. Rcjl. iv. xi. (1675) 239 His Factious indignation at the Princes faults. 1782 Priestley Corrupt. Chr. I. 1. 109 In this factious manner was the great doctrine .. established. 1803 Syd. Smith Wks. <1867) I. 23 Why can factious eloquence produce such limited effects in this country? 1862 Ld. Brougham Brit. Const, ix. § 2. 120 The party chiefs used the mob more effectually for their own factious and selfish purposes. Factiously (fee'kjbsli), adv. [f. as prec. + -ly 2 .] In a factious manner or spirit; with a factious purpose ; in the interest of a faction. 1591 Percivall Sp. Diet., Vanderizamente , factiously. r637 Gillespie Eng. Pop. Cerem. hi. viii. 123 Why did they carry matters so factiously and violently ? 1693 Ajpol. Clergy Scot. 47 They have stubbornly and factiously Con¬ spired against the Apostolical Hierarchy. 1796 Burke Regie. Peace iii. Wks. 1802 IV. 509 The opposition, whether patriotically or factiously, contending that [etc.]. Factiousness (farkjasnes). [f. as prec. + -ness.] The quality or state of being factious ; a disposition to make factions, or act in the interest of a faction ; seditiousness. 1580 Sidney Arcadia (1622) 16 A gentleman, .friendly, without factiousnes. 1581 Marbeck Bk. of Notes 67 Some . .did with their factiousnesse trouble the Church. 1679 Kid in G. Hickes Spirit of Popery (1680) 14, I have been .. branded with Factiousness, a 1710 Bp. Bull Serm. Priestly Office Wks. 1827 1 . 166 Not to add to our load. .by your way¬ ward factiousness. 1812 G. Chalmers Dom. Econ. Gt. Brit- 428 Whatever might be the factiousness, or imbecility of statesmen, on either side the Irish Channel. 1884 Manch. Exam. 28 Oct. 5/7 The Opposition at question time dis¬ played more than its usual factiousness. 13 t Fa'ctist. Obs.—° [ad. F . factisle (Cotgr.), in OF. failisle, f. L .fact- ppl. stem o {faccre to make + -ist.] 4 A poet or play-maker 5 (Coles 1696 ). Whence 1775 in Ash. + Fa*ctitate, v. Obs. rare- 1 , [f. ppl. stem of L. factitdre , freq. of face re to do, make.] intr. ? To work busily. 1617 Lane Sqr.'s Tale 116 I11 her selfe to factitate, and proiectes to begett of greatest great. Factitious (faektrjas), a. [f. faclici-us made by art ({.faccre to make) + -ous.] 11. Made by or resulting from art; artificial. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 11. i. 51 It becomes the chiefest ground for artificiall and factitious gemmes. 1685 Boyle Salubr. Air 39 Beer, Ale, or other factitious drinks. 1769 De Poe's Tour Gt. Brit. I. 293 The Stones of which it [Stone-henge] was composed, are not factitious. 1774 J. Bryant Mythol. I. 236 The one was a natural eminence.. The other was a factitious mound. 1801 J. Jones tr. Bygge's Trav. Fr. Rep . xv. 382 His factitious black lead pencils .. are not prepared from the native ore, but a com¬ position .. of iron and sulphur. + 2. Of soil, etc. : Produced by special causes, not forming part of the original crust of the earth. Obs. 1684 T. Burnet Th. Earth 1. 137 Those [islands] I call factitious, that are not of the same date and antiquity with the sea, but have been made, .by accidental causes. 1739 Labelye Short Acc . Piers Westm. Bridge 7 This Bed of Sand, Mud and Dirt, is a factitious Bed. 1794 S. Wil¬ liams Vermont 80 Factitious soil, formed of decayed or rotten leaves. 1808 Wilfokd Saer. Isles in Asiat. Res. VIII. 298 The factitious soil of the Gangetic provinces, .has been brought down by the alluvions of rivers. 3. Got up, made up for a particular occasion or purpose ; arising from custom, habit, or design ; not natural or spontaneous; artificial, conven¬ tional. * 1678 CupwoRTH Intell. Syst. Pref., The Atheists Artificiall and Factitious Justice, is Nothing but Will and Words. 1748 Hartley Observ. Man i. iv. 420 The factitious.. Nature of these Pleasures. 1776 Gibbon / lecl. \ F. I. ix. 174 The use of gold and silver is in a great measure fac¬ titious. 1796 Morse Atuer.Geog. II. 51 Factitious wants created by luxury. 1810 Bentham Packing[ iZh) 67 The mass of factitious expence and delay .. with which the ap¬ proaches to justice are clogged. 1848 Mill Pol. Econ. 1. xi. § 4 Its acquisition was invested with a factitious value. 1865 T ylor Early Hist. Man. ii. 23 Factitious grammatical signs. 1871 Freeman Norm. Conq . <1876) IV. xviii. 106 The momentary and factitious joy whicn had greeted the day of William’s crowning died utterly away. Hence Facti tiously adv., in a factitious man¬ ner. Facti tiousness, the quality of being fac¬ titious. 1795 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 478 There is no such Fear, as is factitiously pretended, of Popery and arbitrary Power. 1836-7 Sir W. Hamilton Metaph. xxxiv. (1859) II. 279 Our factitiously complex, .notions, are all merely so many pro¬ ducts of Comparison. 1858 Hawthorne Fr. Sp It. Jrnls. II. 59 Festivity, kept alive factitiously. 1668 Wilkins Real Char. 11. i. § 3. 28 Factitiousness, artificial, technical, made. 1883 T. Hardy in Longm. Mag. July 257 As the day passes on. .and he is still unhired, there does appear a factitiousness in the smile. Factitive (fas'klitiv), a. Gram. [ad. mod.L. factitlv-us, irregularly (.fact- ppl. stem of faccre to make.] a. Of a verb: Expressing the notion of making a thing to be (either objectively or in thought or representation) of a certain character [e.g. ‘ To make a man king’, ‘ to call one a fool ’, ‘ to paint the door green ’); taking a complemen¬ tary object; = F active 2 . Also in factitive object, predicate, or accusative, the complementary accus. governed by a factitive verb. b. By some gram¬ marians used for : Causative. 1846 J. W. Gibbs Philol. Stud. (1S57) 95 The simple in¬ finitive was also used to denote the second object after a factitive verb. Ibid. 69 The factitive relation .. a favorite technical term of the New or Beckerian Philology, .is [etc.]. Ibid. 70 This second object is called the factitive object. 1871 Public School Lat. Gram. § no. 251 Verbs called Factitive .. because they contain the idea of making by deed, thought, or word. 1877 Whitney Eng. Gram. 166. Hence Factitively adv. 1877 Whitney Eng. Gram. 166 Even intransitive verbs are thus used factitively. Factive (forktiv), a. [f. L. type fadiv-us, f. faccre to make.] + 1. Tending or having the power to make ; con¬ cerned with making. Obs. 1612 R. Sheldon Serm. St. Martins 35 What new exis¬ tences are made of one Christ, by your producible, creatiue, and factiue consecrations, a 1625 Bovs Wks. (1629) 206 The factiue sciences have their excellencies, specially painting and navigation. 1649 Bulvvek Pathomyot. 1. iii. 11 Factive motion is. .restriction to animall actions per¬ formed by the abilitie of the Muscles. 2. Gram. (See quot. ; = Factitive.) 1880 Public School Lat. Primer 134 Factive Verbs are such as may be said to make..a thing to be of a certain character, by deed, word or thought. .Factive Construction in the Passive becomes Copulative. Hence + Factivity, capacity, range of activity. a. 1643 J. Shute Judgem. y Mercy (1645) 82 He perswades himselfe it is in his factivity, because another hath done it. Factlessness (fse’ktlesnes). nonce-wd. [f. Fact sb. + -less + -ness.] The quality of being devoid of or wanting in facts. FACTOR. 1887 Sat. Rev. 19 Nov. 708 An instance of the ‘factless, ness * of the book. Factor (farktai). Also 6-7 factour. [ad. Fr. facteur , ad. F. factor, agent-n. f. faccre to do, make. Some of the obs. senses are immediately from L.] I. A doer, agent, 11. One who makes or does (anything) ; a doer, maker, performer, perpetrator; an author of a literary work. Obs. or arch. 1563 Mirr. Mag., Hastings xxxi, Foes of vertue, factours of all evylls. 1598 J. Dickenson Greene in Gone. (1878) 116 Where vertue hath one affecter, vice hath many factors. a 1635 Corbet Poems (1807) 18 Their plays had sundry grave wise factors, A perfect diocess of actors. 1647 Claren¬ don Hist. Reb. in. 11702) I. 141 An avow’d Factor and Procurer of that odious Judgement. 1863 Mrs. C. Clarke Shaks. Char. xiii. 321 To fasten upon the factor of his monster-crime its responsibility. 12. A partisan, adherent, approver. Obs. [So in med.Lat. ; Du Cange regards it as a corruption of the synonymous Fautou ; but cf. L. faccre cum aliquo to take a person’s side.] In the latest examples with mixture of sense 1 or 3 . 1502 Arnolde Chron. (1811) 177 Alle the. .whiche done.. byleuenin whichcrafteandsorsery. .and theirfacturs. 1542 7 Boorde Introd. Knowl. xvi. (1870) 165 Martyn Leuter & other of hys factours, in certayne thynges dyd take synis- trall opinions. 1642 Fuller Holy Prof. St. v. 400 Modern Factours for the Independent congregations. 1685 Stil- lingfl. Orig. Brit., Two very busie Factours in the Arian Cause. 1715 Bentley Serm. x. 365 What is he but a vile Factor to Libertinism and Sacrilege? 3. One who acts for another; an agent, deputy, or representative. Now rare. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. iii. (1881) 16 The kyng .. sente anone Aurelyen his factour. 1551 Edvv. VI Let. in Udall's Royster D. (1847) P* xxx. note, Lycense to. .Nicholas Udall and to his factors and assignes to prynt.. the worke of Peter Matter. 1563-87 Foxe A. M. (1684) III. 643 They.. Authorised.. the Vicechancellor, to be the common Factor for the University. 1631 Gouge God's Arrows iv. xv. 397 Parker was a kind of factor for English Seminaries and Nunnes beyond sea. a 1704 T. Brown Sat. Quack Wks. 1730 1 .63 Death’s busy factor, son of desolation. 1776 Adam Smith W. N. v. i. (1869) II. 208 These judges were a sort of itinerant factors, sent round the country for the purpose of levying certain branches of the king’s revenue. 1862 Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) IV. xxxiii. 104 The jealousy of the emperor was peculiarly sensitive in regard to every act and word of his factor at Alexandria. fig. 1601 Dent Pathw. Heaven 72 All other vices are but Factors to Couetousness. 1673 S. C. Art Complaisance 70 Reason and honesty are too oft made factours to their avarice. 4. Comm. One who buys and sells for another person ; a mercantile agent; a commission mer¬ chant. Also in comb., as corn-, cotton - produce-, wool-, tic, fad or. At the present time, a factor is distinguished from an ordinary agent or broker, in having actual possession of the goods he deals in, and trading in his own name. 1491 in Arnolde Chron. (? 1503) 40/1 Shall ressayue the said v. C. frank of y° said J. de castro and alonso or of any of them or of theyr factors. 1523 Act 14-15 Hen. VfU, c.i No person, .shall sell, .to any marchaunt. .or to any of his.. factours. .any maner of brode white wollen clothes, c 1592 Marlowe Jew of Malta 1. i, Bid my factor bring his loading in. 1683 Loud. Gaz. No. 1852/8 A Factor .. for Norwich Hose or Stockings. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Itid. I. x. 113 Send Factors all over India to carry on trade. 1745 De Foe's Eng. Tradesman II. xlviii. 212 The buyers of cheese, butter, corn and malt, are called factors. 1850 W. Irving Mahomet v. (1853) Mahomet., was employed by different persons as. .factor in caravan journeys to Syria. 1891 P.O. London Directory 1689/3 Corn and flour factors. See also. .Malt factors. .Hop factors. .Seed factors. b. One of the third class of the East India Company’s servants. Obs. exc. Hist. [1600 Min. Crt. Adventurers 23 Oct. in Cal. State Papers, E. Indies (1862) 109 Thos. Wasse to be employed as factor. Ibid. 18 Nov. ibid, iii Three principal factors to have each 100/. for equipment, .four of the second sort to be allowed 50 1.. .four of the third sort 50/. .. and four of the fourth and last sort 20/. each.] 1675-6 in J. Bruce Ann. East-India Co. (1810) II. 275 We do order, that, .when the Writers have served their times they be stiled Factors. 1781 Ld. Corn¬ wallis Corr. (1859) I* 378 We .. have a council and senior and junior merchants, factors and writers, to load one ship in the year. 1800 Wellington in Owen Desp. 719 Writers or factors filling the stations of registers. C. At Birmingham and Sheffield : A trader who buys hardware goods from the workman or 4 little master’ by whom they are made, usually causing his own trade-mark to be stamped upon them. 1833 J* Holland Manuf. Metal II. 13 The operatives pressed between reduced prices and want of work, betook themselves to the factors. The factor. .advanced to the workman a small sum to purchase the requisite tools. d. attrib. 1858 H. Vaughan Address River Usk Pref. 18 The factour- wind from far shall bring The odours of the scattered spring. 1711 Shaftesb. Charac . 11737) I..304 Certain mer¬ chant adventurers in the letter-trade, who in correspondence with their factor-bookseller, are enter’d into a notable com¬ merce with the world. 1880 Browning Dram. Idylls 2nd Ser. Clive 91 This fell in my factor-days. 5. One who has the charge and manages the affairs of an estate; a bailiff, land-steward. Obs. exc. Sc. 1561 T. Norton Calvins Inst. 11. viii. (1634) 187 If any idle Factor or Baylifife doe devoure his masters substance. 1640-1 Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min . Bk. (1855) 17 That he FACTOR. 14 FACTOTUM, retein in his own hand his factor’s fie. 1683 Pcnnsylv. Archives I. 54 W ,u Pickering of y r Province factor, .to one Growden. 1722 Wodro^u Corr. (1843) Ih 672 Call for as many copies as you want.. from Mr. M'Ewen’s factor. 1804 J. Bristed Pedestrian Tour I. 230 Lord Kinnaird’s factor, or bailiff-steward. 1840 Carlyle Heroes (1858) 326 The Steward, Factor as the Scotch call him, used to send letters and threatenings. 1885 Act 48 Viet. c. 16 § 11 It shall not be lawful for any assessor, .to be employed as a factor for heritable property or land agent. b. A person legally appointed to manage for¬ feited or sequestered property. Sc. 1690 Acts of Sederunt 31 July, The factor shall be lyable for annualrent of what rents he shall recover. 1753 Stewart's Trial 153 The sole offence taken at Glenure, was his acting in the quality of factor on the forfeited estate of Ardshiel. 1885 R. Bell Hand-bk. Law Scot. § 1480 To take measures for the preservation of the estate, .by the appointment of a judicial factor. c. U. S. Law. (See quot.) 1878 Drake Attachm. fed. $) § 451 In Vermont and Con¬ necticut, he [the garnishee] is sometimes called a factor , and the process [of garnishing], factorizing process. II. 6. Math. One of two or more numbers, expressions, etc., which when multiplied together produce a given number, expression, etc. Also, common, primary , prime factor , for which see the adjs. 1673 Kersey Algebra 1. iv. (1725) 15 The Quantities given to be multiplied one by the other are called Factors. 1780 Hutton in Phil. Trans. LXX. 408 For that zy may be positive, the signs of the two factors 2 and y must be alike. 1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) II. vn. i. 305 Error in either factor must involve error in the product. 1881 Maxwell Electr. <$• Magn. I. 1 Every expression of a Quantity consists of two factors or components. 7 . transp An element which enters into the com¬ position of anything; a circumstance, fact, or in¬ fluence which tends to produce a result. 1816 Coleridge Lay Serin. 339 The reason, .is the science of the universal, having the ideas of oneness and allness as its two elements or primary factors. 1845-6 Trench Huls. Loct. 1st Ser. i. 14 This Book, .is so essential a factor in the spiritual life of men. 1878 Gladstone Prim. Homer 77 The first factor in the making of a nation is its religion. Factor (farktaj), v. rare. [f. prec. sb.] a. intr. To act as a factor or agent. In quot. fig. b. trans. To deal with (goods, money, etc.) as a factor ; in Birmingham and Sheffield use, to procure goods as a factor does (see prec. 4 c). 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. ix. § 70.527 The Pope, .had his pipes and conducts to conuay this stench into this land, and the wealth of it backe in lieu thereof. Which was now so factoured by his Chaplaine Martin, that, etc. 1621 S. Ward Happiness of Practice 44 Send your Prayers and good Workes to factor there for you. 1692 [see below]. Mod. (Sheffi.eld\ He manufactures a few articles, and factors the rest. Hence Factored ppl. a ., Factoring vhl. jAand ppl. a. 1633 P* Fletcher Purple I si. vm. xlvi, A carrion-crow he is.. the devil’s factoring knave. 1692 Settle Triumphs Loud. Ded., Chaffering op Factoring have been thought so unnecessary Preliminaries in dealing with Sir John Fleet, that [etc.]. 1883 Binn. Daily Post 11 Oct., The Hardware Factoring Business. 1886 19 th Cent. Aug. 244 Articles sold under other local designations in London and all over the world are the ‘factored’ work of Birmingham craftsmen. Factorage (ferktonids). Also 7 -idge. [f. Factor sb. + -age. Cf. F .factorage^ 1 . The action or professional service of a factor; the action of buying or selling (goods) on commis¬ sion. Also attrib. 1670 Sir T. Culpepper Necess. Abating Usury 8 Trading with our own stocks, honest Partnership, and discreet Fac¬ torage. *11734 North Lives II. 367 A celebrated house of factorage in Constantinople, a >834 Lamb Mr. Liston Misc. Wks. (1871) 406 Satisfied with the returns of his factorage. 1865 Carlyle Frcdk. Gt. VI. xx. vi. 143 Him¬ self once a Preacher, but at present concerned with Factor¬ age of Wool on the great scale. 2 . Commission or per-centage paid to a factor on goods purchased or sold by him. 1613 F. Robarts Revenue of Gospel 100 Carriage, factor¬ age, impost and custome. 1622 Malynes- 4 wc\ Law-Mcrch. hi Hee that exceedeth his Commission shall lose his Fac- toridge. 1721 C. King Brit. Merch. III. 214 To engross the whole Profit of Commission and Factorage to them¬ selves. 1809 R. Langford Introd. Trade 70 Factorage is. per Quarter. 1852 M'Culloch Diet. Comm ., Factorage.. is also frequently charged at a certain rate per cask, or other package. t 3 . The place of business of a factor ; an agency. 1679 Plot Staffiordsh. (1686) 108 The Cheesmongers of London have thought it worth their while to set up a Fac¬ torage here, for these commodities [butter and cheese]. 4 . collect, a. The whole body or assemblage of factors: see Factor jA 5. b. The sum total of constituent elements : see Factor sb. 6. 1849 Tait's Mag. XVI. 12/1 The importance of the factor- age was raised enormously in their own esteem. 1887 F. Robinson New Relig. Med. 127 These, were the factorage analyzed, might crop up as constituents seldom absent. Factordom (fa^ktoidam). rare— 1 , ff. Factor sb. 5 + dom.] The system of management by factors. 1888 Scot. Lecuter 20 Jan. 4 He lets some light into factor¬ dom that will not be relished. t Fa’ctoress. Obs. Also 7 fact’ress. [f. as prec. + -ESS.] A female factor or agent. 2608-1 x Bp. Hall Epist. v. i. (1627) 363 Still the Deuill begins with Eue..Marcion had his factoresse at Rome. 1638 Ford Fancies in. iii, Your fact’ress hath been tamp’ring for my misery. 1668 R. L’Estrange Vis. Quev. (1702) 190 These are our best Fact’resses, we have for doing Bus’nesses. 1722 Loud. Gaz. No. 6094/3 Mrs. Ann Harland .. Coal- Factoress. Factorial (fcckto^rial), a.^ and sb. [f. as prec. + -(i)al.] A. adj. 1 . Math. (See quots. and B a.) x837 Penny Cycl. IX. 155 The term factorial expression has been in some instances applied to an expression of which the factors are in arithmetical progression, i860 Boole Calc. Fin. Diffi. 6 The term in which they [‘ factorials ’ in Boole’s sense] are involved is called a factorial term. 1867 Galbraith Algebra (ed. 3) 396 Factorial functions. .If the function consist of equi-different factors. 2 . Of or pertaining to a factor (sense 4). 1881 Blackie Lay Serm. v. 177 Large farms and factorial management have formed together an unholy alliance. B. sb. Math. [In Y. factorielle .] a. gen. The product of a series of factors in arithmetical progression. In later usage some¬ times with wider sense : The product of a series of factors which are similar functions of a variable that changes by a constant difference in passing from any factor to the next. Cf. Faculty 2 c. (Boole Calc. Fin. Diff. 6 defines the word as meaning each of the factors composing such a product, and uses factorial term for what other writers call a factorial .) 1816 Herschel in Lacroix'sDiff. ltid), a. [f. Faculty + -ed 2.] a. That is accredited by a faculty, b. Furnished with a faculty or special capacity. 1837 Whittock Bk. Trades (1842) 379 The facultied stu¬ dents from Edina. 1862 Thornbury Turner II. v. 163 Turner was a great single facultied man. f Fa'Cultive, a. Obs. ff. as prec. + -ive.] Oi or belonging to the faculties. 1643 R. O. Man's Mort. iii. 15 This Facultive Guift, or Natures endowment. Ibid. , Could there be a Facultive subsistence, .without its body. Facultize (fae'kiSltaiz), v. [f. as prec. + -ize.] trails. To endow with faculty (see Faculty i c). Hence Fa'cultizcd ppl. a., endowed with faculty ; practical, shrewd. 1872 Littledale in Contemp. Rev. XX. 13 We .need what the Americans call ‘facultized’ women. Not merely capable women, educated women..but such as have ca¬ pacity trained into practical efficiency. Faculty (f©*kz>lti). Forms: 4-6 faculte, (5 facultee), 5-7 facultie, 6-faculty. [ME . faculte y a. ¥, faculte, ad. L . facultdt-em power, ability, op¬ portunity, also resources, wealth, f. facilis easy (cf. early L. facul adv. = facile easily). Facultds and facilitds (see Facility) were originally different forms of the same word; the latter, owing to its more obvious relation to the adj., retained the primary sense of * easiness*, which the former had ceased to have before the classical period.] I. ‘ The power of doing anything ’ (J.). 1 . Of persons: An ability or aptitude, whether natural or acquired, for any special kind of action ; formerly also, ability, ‘ parts’, capacity in general. Sometimes (influenced by sense 4) used to denote a native as opposed to an acquired aptitude. 1490 Caxton Eneydos xv. 59 To her youen the facultee and power for to reherce and saye alle thinges that sholde come in her mouthe. 1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 7 M. Lewins extemporal faculti is better than M. Becons is. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 11. (1625) 128 The facultie and use of well writing. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol, 1. viii. 68 There is no kind of faculty or power in man or any other creature, which can [etc.]. 1605 Camden Rem. 11 Many excelling in Poeticall facultie. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat .87 Behaviour, .which if a man of but common faculty doe imitate, he makes himselfe ridiculous. 1636 Massinger Bashf. Lover iv. i, The heavenly object, .would, .force him Ovid] to forget his faculty In verse. 1711 Stef.le Sped. No. 95 P 3 This Faculty of Weeping, is peculiar only to some Constitutions. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 141 p 6, I devoted all my faculties to the ambition of pleasing them. 1795 Mason Ch. Mus. iii. 204 Music, though in one sense an Art, yet is in another a natural faculty. 1829 Carlyle Misc. (1857) II. 1 Were will in human undertakings synony¬ mous with faculty. 1836 Johnsoniana 238 The faculty of teaching inferior minds the art of thinking. 1853 Lynch Selflmprcn>. iii. 68 Every self-improving man has faculty enough to become a good reader. + b. A personal quality; disposition. Obs. c 1565 Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1728) 89 They knew the king’s faculties, c 1610 Sir J. Melvil Mem. (1683) 30 The Queen Mother knowing his [the King of Navarr’s] faculty. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIIf 1. ii. 73, I am Traduc’d by ignorant Tongues, which neither know My faculties nor person. c. General executive ability, csp. in domestic matters. (Chiefly U. S., but current colloq. in some circles in England.) 1859 Mrs. Stoive Minister's Wooing I. i. 2 Faculty is Yankee for savoirfaire, and the opposite virtue to shift¬ lessness. 1884 J. D. Whiting in Harper s Mag. Oct. 741/1 Lizzie had ‘faculty’, and proved a notable housekeeper. t 2 . Of things : A power or capacity ; an active quality, efficient property or virtue. Obs. 1490 Caxton Eneydos i. 14 The sterres had no faculte ne power..to enlumyne the sayd place. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 143 It passeth the faculty of our barbarous tonge to expresse ony of them. 1578 Lyte Dodocns 11. cvi. 296 Lovage, in facultie and vertues doth not differ much from Ligusticum. 1601 Shaks. Jut. C. 1. iii. 67. 1620 Vknner Via Recta v. 87 It is..of a penetrating, cooling and detersiue faculty. 1665 Phil. Trans. I. 49 The Elec¬ trical faculty of Amber. 1707 Curios, in Husb. $ Gard. 167 Nitre is of great Use. .in Regard to its Faculty of contribut¬ ing. .to the Propagation of Plants. + b. One of the ‘ mechanical powers \ 1641 Wilkins Math. Magick 1. iii. (1648) 13 Of the first Mechanical faculty, the Ballance. Ibid.xW. 43 That which is reckoned for the fourth faculty, is the Pulley. 1663 Charleton Chor. Gigant. 60 Leaver, Roller,Wheel, Pulley, Wedge, and Screw, .fundamental Faculties of Mechaniques. C. Math. A function of the form x\m\a y i. e. x(x + a) (x + 2 a) (x + 3 a) .. to m factors. See Factorial B a. [Introduced c 1798 by Kramp, who afterwards withdrew it in favour of Arbogast’s term factorial. The word has since been revived, but is less frequent in English than in Continental use.] 1889 Chr ystal Algebra II. 374 Any faculty can always be reduced to another whose difference is unity. 3 . An inherent power or property of the body or of one of its organs ; a physical capability or function. a 1500 Colkelbie Sow 637 And laking teith famvlit hir faculte That few folk mycht consaue her mvmling mowth. 1543 Traheron Vigo's Chirurg. Interpr. strange Words, There ben thre faculties, .whych gouerne man, and are dis¬ tributed to the hole bodye .. namely animal, vital, and natural. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 324 The bodie, and the abilities of the same, whiche are called corporall faculties. 1607 Walkington Opt. Glass viii. (1664) 100 The Spirits.. impart a faculty to the nerves of sense, and real motion. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 406 If the arteries bee dilated by a faculty, then are they contracted by their grauity. Ibid. 612 The Visiue Facultie.. the Faculty of Hearing. 1656 Bramhall Replic. i. 5 Sensibility and a locomotive faculty are essentiall to every living creature. 1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. 1. 9 If the Faculty of the Guts be slow .. and dull, they must be involuntarily excited to motion. 1729 Butler Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 42 A man may use the faculty of speech as an instrument of false witness. 1741 Chambers Cycl. s.v., To account for the act of digestion, they [the antient philosophers] suppose a di¬ gestive Faculty in the stomach. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 362 Sight and hearing, for example, I should call faculties. 4 . One of the several ‘powers’ of the mind, variously enumerated by psychologists: e.g. the will, the reason, memory, etc. (By phrenologists applied to the congenital aptitudes sup¬ posed to be indicated by the cranial 4 organs ’ or 4 bumps ': e.g. 4 language’, 4 imitation’, ‘constructiveness’. This use has greatly influenced popular language.) 1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. 1. i. 2 That ingraven gift and facultie of wit and reason. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoll. Treat. 66 When we are born, who knowes whether, .we shall have the faculties of reason and understanding? 1690 Locke Hum. Und. 11. xxi. (1695) 126 The Understanding and Will, are two Faculties of the mind. 1726 Butler Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 27 You cannot form a notion of this faculty, con¬ science, without [etc.]. 1785 Rf.id Int. Powers 369 The faculties of consciousness, of memory, of external sense, and of reason, are all equally the gifts of nature. 1830 Mac¬ kintosh Eth. Philos. Wks. 1846 I. 159 The Moral Faculty .. is intelligibly and properly spoken of as One. 1839 Ld. Brougham Statesm. Geo. Ilf Loughborough (ed. 2) 44 Changes, .effected while the monarch’s faculties were asleep. 1859 Mill Liberty (1865) 34/2 No need of any other faculty than the ape-like one of imitation. 1885 F. Temple Relat. Relig. < 5 - Sc. ii. 46 Our personality, .is centred in one faculty which we call the will. + 5 . Pecuniary ability, means, resources ; posses¬ sions, property, sing, and pi. Also attrib., as in faculty tax. Obs. 1382 Wyclif Gen. xxxi. 14 Han we eny thing of residewe in faculteis and erytage of the hows of oure fader? — Tobit i. 25 Tobie is turned a3een to his hous, and al his FACULTY, 16 FADDIST. faculte restorid to hym. 1490 Caxton Hcnv to Die 11 Wylt thou the thynges that thou hast taken be by the restored after the value of thy faculte. 1615 Chapman Odyss. 1. 620 The faculties This bouse is seised of. 1649 Alcoran 47 Restore to them [Orphans] their faculties, and devour them not unjustly before they be of age. 1781 Gibbon DecL <$• F. II. 28 If so heavy an expence surpassed the faculties or the inclination of the magistrates, .the sum was supplied from the Imperial treasury. 1792 A. Young Trav. France 104 The prices..are beyond their faculties and occasion great misery. 1797 Burke Regie. Peace iii. Wks. VIII. 356 We raise no faculty tax. We preserve [tread presume] the faculty from the expence. II. Kind of ability ; branch of art or science, f 6. A branch or department of knowledge. Ol>s. In this sense the word is used to render the Med. L. facultas—G r. fivpa/xt? used by Aristotle for an art or branch of learning. C1384 Chaucer H. Fame 1. 248 To speke of love? hyt wol not be ; I kannot of that faculte. c 1400 Test. Love 11. (1560) 282 b/2 All the remnaunt beene no genders but of grace, in facultie of Grammar. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vi. ccxiv. 232 Y° whiche I remytte to theym that haue ex¬ perience in suche facultie. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 30 The greate learned clerkes in aT faculties. 1598 F. Meres in Slinks. C. Praise 22 In this faculty the best among our Poets are Spencer. .Daniel, etc. a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 335 Books written in all faculties:—Grammar.. Poetry.. History [etc.]. 1757 Burke Abridgm. Eng. Hist. 11. ii, He brought with him a number of valuable books in many faculties. 7 . spec. One of the departments of learning at a University. Hence Dean of a Faculty. When four faculties are mentioned, those intended are Theology, Canon and Civil Law, Medicine, Arts, of which the first three were called the Superior Faculties. Logic, Rhetoric, Astrology, Surgery, Grammar, and (in the English Universities) Music are occasionally spoken of as Faculties, and degrees could be taken in them ; but the Masters teach¬ ing these branches did not form distinct bodies as those mentioned in sense 9. [c 1184 Giraldus Cambrensis De Gestis 11. i. (Rolls) I. 48 Ubinam in jure studuerit. . Prseceptor autem ejusdem in ea facultate. Ibid. 11. xvi. (Rolls' I. 73 In crastino vero doc- tores [hospitio suscepit] diversarum facultatum omnes ] 1387 T re visa Higden (Rolls) VI. 259 Whan eny man is i-congyed }>ere to commence in eny faculte. 1482 Monk 0/ Evesham (Arb.) 97 In connyng of dyuynyte as in other lyberals facultees. 1581 Mulcaster Positions xxxvii. (1887) 162 This man, whom I now prefer to this degree, in this facultie. 1641 Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 29 The. .Professor.. in Latin demanded..to what Faculty I addicted myself. 1649 J. H. Motion to Pari ., Adv. Learn. 27 We have hardly Professours for the three principall faculties. 1835 Malden Orig. Univ. 5 This faculty [of arts] originally constituted the whole university [of Paris]; and the faculties of theology, law, and medicine, were not added till a later period. 1868 M. Pattison Academ. Org. iv. 114 In col¬ leges, properly so called, the head will be the dean of his faculty. 1875 Edin. Univ. Calendar 37 The Chairs of the University are comprehended in the four Faculties. The affairs of each Faculty are presided over by a Dean. 1879 M. Arnold Irish Cathol. Mixed Ess. 101 At Bonn there is a Protestant faculty of theology. 1892 Durham Univ. Calendar cxii, Degrees in the Faculty of Music. 8 . In a more extended sense: That in which any one is skilled; an art, trade, occupation, profes¬ sion. Obs. exc. arch, or Hist. c 1386 Chaucer Prol. 244 For unto swiche a worthy man as he Accordeth nought, as by his faculte, To haven with sike lazars acquaintance. 1494 Fabyan Chron. 11. xlvi. 29 A cunnynge musician ; the whiche, for his excellence in that facultie, was called of the Brytons God of Glemen. 1 5°3 Act 19 Hen. VII, c. ti The facultie of Bowyers [is] almoste distroyed. 1529 in Vicaiy's Anal. (1888) App. xiv. 253 No persone .. shall take .. any .. Straunger, to occupy the facultie of Barbery or Surgery. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 163 They lende listening eare, to.. slaunderers .. have them in high .. favour, who professe that facultie. 1605 Rowlands Hell's Broke Loose 14 By facultie at first, I was a Taylour. 1675 Art Contentm. vii. § 6. 2i4We. .rely upon men in their own faculty. We put our estates in the lawyer’s hand, our bodies into the physician's. 1687 Con¬ greve Old Bach. 1. i, Wit, be my faculty and pleasure my occupation. 1703 T. N. City C. Purchaser 208 A.. Soap- boyler, dwelling without Aldgate. .and. .another Gentleman of the same Faculty .. in Southwark. 1839 Alison Hist. Europe I. ii. § 66. 184 They. .proposed to abolish all. .crafts, faculties, apprenticeships, and restrictions of every kind. 1841 Stephen Laws Eng. I. 7 To gentlemen of the faculty of physic the study of the law is attended with some im¬ portance. 1853 Marsden Early Purit. 388 Doctors in the University and the three learned faculties. 9 . The whole body of Masters and Doctors, sometimes including also the students, in any one of the studies, Theology, Law, Medicine, Arts. The use of the Latin word in this sense originated at some period in the 13th cent.; quot. 1255 indicates a use inter¬ mediate between this and sense 7. [1255 in Chartularium Univ. Paris (1889) I. 278 Nos., magistri artium. .propter novum et inestimabile periculum, quod in facultate nostra imminebat. 1325 Title 0/ Decree in Munimenta Acad. (Rolls) I. 117 Quod facultas artium plene deliberet de tractandis in congregatione generali.] c 1425 Wvntoun Chron. vm. iv. 241 pai studyusly De matere in |>are faculteis Sowcht. 1673 Ray jfourn. Lena C. 17 The several Faculties are distinguished by their Habits. 1687 Lond. Gaz. No. 2275/3, 24 Doctors of the several Faculties, the two Proctors, and 19 Masters of Arts. 1774 Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry I. Diss. ii. 11 Louis the eleventh, .bor¬ rowed the works of the Arabian physician Rhasis, from the faculty of medicine at Paris. 1832 tr. Sismondis Ital. Rep. vii. 152 The faculty of the Sorbonne. .was acknowledged to be the first theological school in Europe. 10 . tratisf. The members of a particular pro¬ fession regarded as one body: a. of the medical profession (in popular language * The Faculty *). 151 x-2 Act 3 Hen. VIII, c. 11 Calling to them such expert persons in the said Faculties [of Physicians and Surgeons]. 1529 More Com/, agst. Trib. 11. Wks. 1185/2 One of the most cunning men in y' faculty. 1638 T. Whitaker Blood of Grape Pref. 2 The faculty deserveth the patronage of a Prince. 1699 Garth Dispeus. iv. (1730) 101 A zealous Mem¬ ber of the Faculty. 1747 Wesley Prim. Physic (1762) p. xiii, We must do something to oblige the Faculty. 1840 Hood Up the Rhine 14 Fat bacon..was once in vogue amongst the Faculty for weak digestions. 1884 Gilmour Mongols 186 Their own faculty have no remedy for this disease. b. Sc. The Faculty (also the Dean and Faculty ) of Advocates. 1711 Act Faculty Edin. 18 July in Lond. Gaz. No. 4887/3 The Dean and Faculty of Advocates understanding, that several malicious Reports have been rais'd. 1848 Wharton Law Lex., Faculty of Advocates, the college or society of advocates in Scotland, a 1862 Buckle Civiliz. (1869) III. iii. 145 A great part of the Faculty of Advocates was ex¬ pelled from Edinburgh. III. Conferred power, authority, privilege. 11. Power, liberty, or right of doing something, conferred by law or permission of a superior. Faculty to burden : Sc. Law (see quot. 1809). 1534 in W. H. Turner Select Rec. Oxford 128 They would clere take away from the Chaunceller all faculty to banish.. eny townesmen. 1605 Siiaks. Macb. 1. vii. 17 Duncane Hath borne his Faculties so meeke. 1681 inPicton L’poolMunic. Rec. (1S83) I. 271 Usinge the facultie of a freeman. 1752 Carte Hist. Eng. III. 345 Pole, .laid aside the marks of his legatine authority and abstained from the exercise of his faculties. 1800 Colquhoun Comm . Thames viii. 259 Care has been manifested in. .divesting Power of the Faculty of Abuse. 1809 Tomlins Law Diet. s. v., In the Scotch law.. a faculty to burden is the power or right of charging an estate with a sum of money. 1824 J. Marshall Const. Opin. (1839) 320 The charter of incorporation .. gives it [a bank] every faculty which it possesses. 1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. x. (1875)422 Something anti-civil and anti-social which the State had the faculty to judge and the duty to suppress. b. A dispensation, license: esp. Reel, an au¬ thorization or license granted by an ecclesiastical superior to some one to perform some action or occupy some position which otherwise he could not legally do or hold. Court of Faculties \ a court having power to grant faculties in certain cases. Master of Faculties: the chief officer of that court. 1533-4 Act 25 Hen. VIII , c. 21 § 3 The Archbishop of Canterburie. .shall haue power and authoritie. .to giue.. dispensations, compositions, faculties, grants, rescripts [etc.]. 1591 Lambarde Archeion (1635) 11 The Court of Faculties, for Dispensations. 1607 Cowel Interpr. s. v., An especial! officer, .called, .the Master of the faculties. 1662 Bk. Com. Prayer , Ord. Deacons Pref., None shall be admitted a Deacon, except he be Twenty three years of age, unless he have a Faculty. 1712 Prideaux Direct. Ch.-wardens (ed. 4) 75 The Bishop can grant Faculties for the building, .of them. 1843 Act 6-7 Viet. c. 90 § 8 The Master of the Faculties.. is hereby, .empowered to issue Commissions [etc.]. 1857 Froude Short Stud., Monast. (1867) 282 An abbot able to purchase.. a faculty to confer holy orders. 1869 Times 16 Mar. 12/4 This was an application .. for a faculty or license to make some alterations in the interior of the church. 1872 Phillimore Blunt's Church Law iv. i. 263 Private rights to particular seats, conferred by a faculty, i.e. a license from the ordinary. 1885 Mozley Remin. II. lxxv. 70 The faculties, .did not assign pews to persons., but to persons and families residing in certain houses. IV. 12 . attrib. a. (sense 11) as faculty-court, -office, b. (sense 7) as faculty-place, c. (sense 10) as faculty-composition , - habits , -influence ; also, faculty-pew, -seat, a pew or seat in a parish church appropriated to particular persons by a faculty : cf. sense 11 ; + faculty-tax, a property or income tax. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 97 An wholly professional and *faculty composition. 1863 H. Cox Instit. 11. xi. 568 The’ Faculty Court, belonging to the Archbishop of Can¬ terbury. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 97 Professional and ^faculty habits. 1791 Mackintosh Vind. Gall. Wks. 1846 III. 64 This faculty influence as Mr. Burke chooses to phrase it, was not injuriously predominant. 1715 Kersey, ^Faculty-office. 1881 Diet. Eng. CJiurchm. 354 All..pews other than ^faculty pews in an ancient church are the com¬ mon property of the parish. 1682 Prideaux Lett. (Camden) 123, I hope by this you are secured of a v; faculty place, .and advise you to thinke of takeing your D 13 degree in laws as soon as you can. 1872 Phillimore Blunt's Church Law \\\ 1. 263 viarg. y No jurisdiction in ^faculty seats. 1766 Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. 45/2 Besides a *faculty-tax upon all personal estates. 1797 Burke Regie. Peace iii. Wks. VIII. 356 Land anil offices only excepted we raise no faculty tax. + Faxund, sb. Obs. Forms : 4-5 facound(o, facund(e, 5 faciund, faconde. [ad. Y.faconde , semi-popular ad. L. fdcundia , f. fdcundus (see next).] Eloquence. a 1340 Hampole Psalter xi. 4 paire facunde & |>aire skilles ere of paim self. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 85 Rhetorique, whose facounde Above all other is eloquent, c 1400 Destr. Troy 3748 He was. .of faciund full faire, fre of his speche. c 1440 .SVe flaconde of ysae. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 346/4 The.. moste plenty- uous wysedome of facunde and spekyng. Facund (fe’kpnd, fakzrnd), a. arch. Forms : 4-5 facond(e, 4-6 facound(e, 6 facunde, 6- facund. [ME. faconde, facounde, ad. OF .facond, ad. L .fdcundus eloquent, i.fdri to speak.] 1 . Eloquent; alsoy^., said of beauty, etc. ^1381 Chaucer Pari. Foules 521 With facound voys seyde, 4 Holde your tonges there’. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 230/1 Martha was ryght facounde of speche. 1503 Hawes Examp. Virt. iv. 43 [They] were endued with facounde pulcrytude. 1530 Lyndesay Test. Papyngo 710 5our facunde wordis fair. 1586 Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 27 Poets and excel¬ lent musicions whose braines being not moysted with the iuyee of Bacchus..be nothinge plenty nor facund. 1610 Chester's J'ri. Joy’s Speech 89 The powerfull tongue of facund Mercury. 1721-1800 in Bailey. 1859 I. Taylor Logic in Theol. 179 The learned and the facund Jerome, .is our authority. t 2 . Inspiring or promoting eloquence. Obs. 1501 Douglas Pal. Hon. 11. xl, The facund well and hill of Helicon. + Facundate, v. Obs.~° [f. Facund a. + -ate :i .] trans. To make eloquent. 1656-81 in Blount Glossogr. 1692 -1732 in Coles. t Facuildie, a. Obs. rare— [ad. \..faatndia.\ — Facund sb. 1447 Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.) 167 For the facundye wycli she oysyd there. + Facirndious, a. Obs. [f. 1 .. fdcundia (see Facund sb.) + -ous. Cf. Ok', facondieux.] Of persons : Gifted with fluent speech ; eloquent, glib. Of speech : Copious, fluent. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Troyu. xv, Of speche ryght facundious. 1503 Hawes Examp. Virt. Prol. 4 O prudent Gower in lan- gage. .moost facundyous 1534 Whitinton Tullyes Offices 11. (1540) 102 The crafte of eloquence, .[is] more facundyous. 1606 Warner Alb. Eng. 408 Our facundious Fooles. 1656- Si in Blount Glossog?\ 1721 66 in Bailey. Hence f Facundiously adv., eloquently. Obs. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. 37 Yet Elocusion. .The mater exorneth right well facundyously. 1624 Heywood Gnnaik. 11. 75 Eloquentlie to speake, and facundiouslie to delate of that thing. t Facirndity. Obs. Also 6 faeundite. [a. OF. faconditc, ad. I.. fdcunditdt-em, f. fdcundus: see Facund a. and -m\] Eloquence. 1530 Palsgr. Epist. 8 The naturall inclination .. unto eloquence and faeundite. 1624 Heywood Gnnaik. 11. 76 Mercury, .begets eloquence, facunditie, and elegancie o f speech, a 1652 Brome Queen iii. vii, Upon my facunditj, an elegant construction. 1773 J. Ross Fratricide (ML.) 11. 739 Eve. .reproaches him. .With suitable facundity. Facy (ff’si). Obs. exc. dial. [f. Face sb. + -v.] Characterized by ‘ face’ ; insolent, impudent. 1605 B. Jonson Volpone 11. ii, These, .facy, nasty, .rogues. 1887 Darlington Folk-sp. S. Chesh. 182, ‘ I should ha’ thowt nowt at doin’ summat for him if he hadnur ha’ bin so facy.’ Fad (Led), sb.i dial. 1825 Brockett Gloss. N. C. Words 66 Fad, fand, a bundle of straw, twelve of which make a thrave. 1863 Robson Bards of Tyne 135 Aw’ thowt aboot the fad o’ straw. Fad (fed), sbf [Etym. unknown; widely current in dialects (chiefly midland), and thence recently adopted in general use. Cf. next vb.] 1 . A crotchety rule of action ; a peculiar notion as to the right way of doing something; a pet project, esp. of social or political reform, to which exaggerated importance is attributed; in wider sense, a crotchet, hobby, ‘ craze \ 1834 Bp. Fraser in Hughes Life( 1887)14 Uncle need not fhss himself about the Doctor becoming a Bishop, as it is all a fad. 1867 Trollope Chron. Ba?*set II. lxxxii. 363 She may take up some other fad now. 1881 Miss Braddon Asph. xxx. 339 The Engadine is the last fad of the moneyed classes. 1884 Illust. Lond. News 22 Nov. 491/2 Sloijd. .the last new 4 fad ’. 2 . A fussy, over-particular person. Only dial. 1877 in N. IV. Line. Gloss. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. JVord-bk. 138 4 Everybody toud me as I should never stop ooth sich a noud fad.’ 3 . Comb, fad-monger, one who deals in fads ; fad-mongering ppl. a. ; fad-mongery. 1883 Sat. Rev. No. 1452. 238 Measures of the kind dear to the fadmonger. 1885 Ibid. 24 Jan. 104/2 The. .asceticism dear to his fad-mongering friends. 1890 Guardian 1 Oct. 1 5 2 7/3 * Fadmongery ’ or ‘faddism’ is. .becoming, .a ram¬ pant and ridiculous craze. Fad (fed), v. Chiefly dial. [Belongs to prec. sb. ; it is not certain which is the source of the other. Cf. Fidfad v.'} intr. a. dial, (see quots.). b. nonee-use. To advocate ‘ fads \ 1847 Halliwei.l, Fad, to be busy about trifles. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk. 138 4 The poor owd Maister canna do much now—ony fad-about a bit.’ 1890 Sat. Rev. 27 Sept. 383/2 We have .. a warning against listening to faddists, fad they never so charmingly. Hence Fa*dding///. a. 1864 Field 28 May 383 To condemn us old hands as finical, priggish, fadding. Fad: see Langfad, Obs. Sc., long boat. Faddish (fee-dif), a. [f. Fad sb.- -+ -ish.] a. Of persons : Addicted or given to fads, whimsical, b. Of things: Of the nature of a fad. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss., Fondish or Faddish, adj., shallow in point of intellect, whimsical. 18S1 Mrs. C. Praed Policy Cf P. II. 194 Never was there such a faddish creature. 1891 Athenaeum 31 Jan. 148/1 The faddish extremes of some composers. Hence Fa ddishness. 1884 Fall Mall G. 5 Dec. j/2 If only they give up faddish¬ ness. 1889 Sat. Rev. 16 Feb. 184/2 Political faddishness. Faddism (fte-diz’m). [f. Fad sb .' 1 + -ism.] Fondness for fads; a disposition to pursue fads. 1885 Spectator 19 Sept. 1221 It will. .annihilate faddism. 1890 Guardian 1 Oct. 1527/3 4 Fadmongery’ or ‘faddism ’. Faddist (fardist). [f. as prec. + -1ST.] One who has a fad ; one who indulges in fads. PADDITY, FADGE. 1883 St. James's Gaz. 21 Apr. 4 The faddists will not be deterred by such a trifle as that. 1886 Sat. Rev. 3 Apr. 455 He is a very fair specimen of the modern faddist Radical. Fa*ddity. [f. as prec. + -ity.] = Fadj/,.~i. 1892 Sat. Rev. 23 Jan. 92/1 It is one of the many pet little faddities of this overweening sect. Faddle (faed’l), v. Obs. exc. dial. [Cf. Fad v. and Fondle, Dandle, etc.] 1 . trans. To make much of (a child), pet, caress. 1688 Miege Fr. Diet, n To faddle a Child, caresser un Enfant. 1721-1800 in Dailey. 1881 Evans Leicester Words 144 ‘ His mother had use to faddle him a deal.’ 2 . intr. ‘To trifle ; to toy; to play’ (J.). 17SS in Johnson. 1761 Mrs. F. Sheridan Sidney Bidulph I. 204,1 thought.. to have faddled away a good while longer. 1879 Miss Jackson Shrofish. Word-bk., Faddle-after , to pay minute attention to a person, to be solicitous about— and complying with—fads. .* Bessy’s a rar' place up at the owd ’all; nuthin 'ardly to do but faddle-after the Missis ’. Ilence Fa ddler, one who faddles ; Fa ddling ppl. a., trifling, pettifogging. 188 3 J; W. Sherer At Home «$* in Inti. 8 It [the garden] was divided into faddling beds. 1884 Pall MallG. 30 Oct. 5/1 The critic who gratified Mr. Stevenson by calling him a ‘ faddling hedonist ’. 1888 Sat. Rev. 7 Jan. 19 It is to be hoped that it contains a much smaller percentage of faddlers. Faddle (fse d’l), sb. dial, or colloq. [f. prec. vb.] 1 . Nonsense, trifling; usually Fiddle-faddle. 1850 in Bamford Gloss. S. Lane. 1892 Mrs. H. Ward D. Grieve I. 26 Oh, is they? Then I spose books is faddle. 2 . (See quot.) 1881 Evans Leicester Words, Faddle sb., a fanciful per¬ son ; either fastidious in trifles or devoted to some particular hobby. Paddom, obs. f. of Fathom. Faddy (fse-di), a. (and sb.) Chiefly dial, and colloq. [f. Fad sb. + -y.] 1 . Of persons and personal attributes : Occupied with fads, particular about trifles, crotchety. Of things : Of the nature of a fad, taken up as a fad. 1824 Mrs. Sherwood JVaste Not 1. 11 She is so faddy. 1885 Sat. Rev. 21 Feb. 238 The local sanitary official may be crotchety and ‘faddy'. 1885 Kendal Mercury 30 Jan. 6/4 Such a faddy thing as the planting of trees at this place. 1888 McCarthy & Praed Ladies' Gallery II. vii. 112 A faddy old book-collector. 2 . sb. = Faj> sb? 2. 1887 G. R. Sims Mary Jane's Mem. 239 It’s bad enough to be under a real missus who is a faddy. Hence Fa ddiness. 1865 Cortih. Mag. May 621 The extreme faddiness of the old falconers. t Fade, sb . 1 Obs. [f. the vb.] The action of the vb. Fade. <11300 Cursor M. 23513 iCott.) Frenscip }>ar es, wit-vten fade [sc. in heuin]. 1775 Harris Philos. A r ran gem. Wks. (1841)301 [A slain hero and a flower just gathered have] the same drooping head, the same lifeless fade, the same relicts of a form that was once fair and flourishing. Fade (k T, d), sb .2 dial. [? f. Fade z>J] Mould (on cheese); oftener blue-, green-fade. 1884 Holland Chester Gloss., Green-Fade, blue mould in cheese. 1887 Darlington Folk-speech S. Chesh ., Blue-fade. + Fade, sb$ Obs. Also 6 faid. a. A company of hunters, b. ? The leader of the hunt. 1513 Douglas Alneis iv. iii. 56 Quhen .. the rangis and the faid on breid Dynnis throw the gravis. 1536 Bellen- den Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 205 Quhen the faid had brocht in the wolf afore the houndis, the skry arais, and ilk man went to his gam. 1567 Sempill Inclination of King in Ballates (1872) 2 The faid also rycht feitlie could he set. 1606 Birnie Kirk-Buriall (1833) 25 The formest [ship]., doth fuir before with lantern and flag, as fade whom the rest should follow. t Fade, Obs. Also 4 fede, 5 fadde. [Etymology unknown; the senses assigned are somewhat uncertain, and perh. the examples do not all contain the same word.] 1 . Strong, doughty, brave, powerful. Also, of a thing: Great, large. c 1320 Sir Tristr. 153 \>e kn^tes )> at wer fade, pai dede as rohand bade. Ibid. 2474 In pat forest fede Tristrem hodain gan chast. c 1340 Gaw. <$• Gr. Knt. 149 He ferde as freke were fade, a 1400 Sir Perc. 616 Ther was no mane that durste hym lett, Thofe that he ware fadde. Ibid. 1165 The childe sawe that he was fade, c 1400 Rcnvlaud Sf O. 1420 Full fele Sarazenes felle }>ay fade. 2 . ? Cruel, ? hostile. a 1300 Cursor M. 24025 (Cott.) pe folk was sa fade [v. r. fad] O clai ]?ai kest at him pe clote, And laiked wit him sitisote. a 1400 Sir Perc. 1440 If I sle hym, or he me, That never 3U was fade ? Fade (fifi’d), a. 2 Also 3 vad, 5 faed. fa. F. fade vapid, insipid, dull, faded ; according to M. Gaston Paris {Mbit, de la Soc. de Ling. I. 90) repr. L. vapidnm (see Vapid) ; cf. OF. rade L. rapidum, maussade L. male sapidum. The great difficulty is the anomalous representation of L. v by f\ the apparent parallel in OF. feiz (mod. fois) :— vicem is questionable, the f in that case being prob. due to sentence-combination. The ordinary view that fade de¬ scends from L fatuum foolish, also insipid (whence Pr .fitz fern, fade, in same senses), is inadmissible on phonological grounds; but it is possible that early confusion with this word may have given rise to the change of v into f. No OF. *vade has been found : if it existed it would explain the Eng. vade , var. of Fade 7 '. . which is otherwise difficult to account for, as the Eng. dialects that have v for ^/usually retain f in Romanic words. Cf. Fr. dial. (Lyons) vadou (fern, vadoussi ), repr. L. type * vapiddsu?n.~\ VOL. IV. 17 + 1 . Of colour, etc.: Dull, pale, wan, sombre. Obs. exc. arch. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 318/672 Of fade [MS. Harl. No. 2277 vad] colur of hard huyde. c 1350 Will. Paler no 891 pi faire hewe is al fade. 1393 Gower Conf. I. 173 The nettle, .maketh hem [roses] fade and pale of hewe. £‘1399 Pol. Poems (1859) H. 7 The day is gone, the nygth is derk and fade, c 1430 Syr Getter. 1288 With angry hert and colour fade, c 1460 Ttnuneley Myst. 225 Thyn een .. lost thav have thare light And wax alle faed in fere. c. 1500 Blcnv- bol's Test. 23 in Hazl. E. P. P. I. 93 His evy countenaunces and his colour fade. 1854 Syd. Dobell Balder xx iii. 127 Tears Grow in the fade eyes of the relict world, t 2 . Faded, feeble, languishing, withered. Obs. 1303 R. Brunnf. Handl. Synne 3220 Proude wymmen.. pat are so foule and fade, That make hem feyrere than God hem made Wyp oblaunchere. 13.. Leg. Rood (1871) 66 pare groued neuer gres, ne neuer sail, Bot euermore be., falow, and fade. 1388 Wyclif Ecclus. xi. 12 Ther is a man fade. 1540-54 Croke Ps. (Percy Soc.) 30 All ben cleane put out of place That my sowle trobled, and ben fade. 161^-31 Primer Our Lady 18 Our sence here fraile and fade. 1752 Berkeley Thoughts on Tarwater Wks. 1871 III. 493 Tar-water .. may extract .. from the clay a fade sweetishness. || 3 . [mod.F. fade (fad).] That has lost taste; insipid, commonplace, uninteresting. Some of the early instances may be the Eng. word in fig. use of 2. 1715 M. Davies Aihen. Brit. I. 195 Fade and unsavoury Anglo-saxon turns of thinking and speaking. 1775 Mad. D’Arblay Early Diary 3 Apr., Mr. Nesbit .. is a young man infinitely fade. 1813 Mar. Edgeworth Patron. (1832) I. xvi. 261 Simplicity had something too fade in it to suit his taste. 1824 IVestm. Rev. I. 556 A picture at once crude, coarse, and fade [sic]. 1834 Fraser's Mag. X. 102 A fade and vapid style of set-speech compliment. 1862 Athenaeum 25 Oct. 527 Mrs. Opie[’s] fade and feeble senti¬ mentality. Hence Fadeness, Obs. rare~ l . The quality or state of being ‘ fade *; want of vivacity, dullness. 1837 Fraser's Mag. XVI. 550 Emily, .was a blonde, .yet had she none of the fadeness so common to such a com¬ plexion. Fade (fi?*d), vf F brms: a. 4-5 fade(n, (4 fate), 5-6 faid(e, 6 feid, 4- fade; p. 5-6 vade. [a. OF .fade-r, f. fade Fade af\ 1 . intr. Of a flower, plant, etc.; To lose fresh¬ ness and vigour; to droop, wither. a. 1340 Ham pole Pr. Consc. 697 For a flour pat semes fayre and bright Thurgh stormes fades, c 1465 12 Lett. 45 in Pol. Rel. <$• L. Poemsy 1866) 2 An R for the Rose pat is fresche and wol nat fade. 1578 Gude 4* G. Ball. (1868) 83 Lyke the widderit hay sone sail they faid. 1610 Niccols Winter Night (cont. Alirr. Mag.) 556 The barren fields, which whilome flower’d as they would neuer fade. 1667 Milton P. L. iii. 360 Elisian Flours, .that never fade. 1704 Pope Autumn 29 Ye trees that fade when autumn-heats remove. Ibid. 69 The garlands fade, the vows are worn away. 1859 Tennyson Lotus-eaters 82 The flower. .Ripens and fades, and falls. /3. c 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn liv. 212 Life began to vade. 1578 Lyte Dodoens v. lxxix. 648 The leaves, .do not vade and perish. 1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 613/1 The state of this worlde. .is flitting, and euer vading. 1597 Gerard Herbal 1. xxxii. § 2 (1598) 43 When the flowers be vaded, then folio we the seedes. fig. c 1400 Rom. Rose 354 Faded was al hir beaute. 1500-20 Dunbar Contemplatioun iv, Thy youth, Sail feid as dois the somer flouris. 1655 Nicholas Papers (Camden) II. 261 Our expectation of the breach betweene the crowne of France and Cromwell, .is fadinge. 1696 Tate & Brady Ps. xvi. 11 And Joys that never fade. 1828 Mrs. Hemans Graves Household 23 She faded 'midst Italian flowers. 1878 B. Taylor Deukalion 11. iii, Honors fade unworn. f 2 . To grow small or weak ; to decline, decay, fail, or faint ; to shrink, lit. and fig. Obs. 1388 Wyclif Josh, xviii. 3 How longe faden 3e bi cowar- dise. 1398 T revisa Barth. De P. R. xm. iii. (1495) 443 A manere ryuer that . . fadyth in drye weder. c 1450 in Pol. Rel. 4- L. Poems (1866) 114 pou art p c lufe pat neuere sal fade. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 6 b, The heuenly rychesse, that neuer shall fade ne fayle. 1529 More Comf. agst. Trib. iii. Wks. 1212 The faith shalbe at that tyme so far faded, that [etc.]. 1585 T. B. tr. P. Viret's Sch. Bcastes C b, With the touch thereof [poyson] her heare, her eares, and nose, did fade. + 3 . Ivans. To weaken ; lo deprive of freshness or vigour; to corrupt, taint. Obs. c 1400 Test. LoL>e 1. (1560)272/2 Ne death, ne no manner travayle hath no power myne heart so much to fade, c 1400 Destr. Troy 9188 A ffrele woman me fades, c 1425 Wyn- toun Cron. vii. i. 69 Set pow hawe fadyt pi Lawte. c 1440 York Myst. i. 132 Sum ar fallen into fylthe pat evermore sail fade pam. 1775 [see Faded ppl. a.]. 4 . intr. Of colour, light, or any object possessing these qualities : To lose brightness or brilliance ; to grow dim, faint, or pale. Also with away. a. [1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 9295 Hys wrytyng was alle to-fade.] 13.. Pearl( Gollancz) lxxxvii. 6 A parfyt perle pat neuer fatez. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 109 The mone is somedele faded, a 1400-50 A lexander 5309 4 Qui fadis so pi faire hew?’ said pe faire lady. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Troy 1. vi, When the day gan faide. 1483 Act 1 Rich. Ill , c. 8 Preamb., The Colours made with the which Orchell. .faden away. c 1600 Shaks. Sonn. xviii, Thy eternal summer shall not fade. 1718 Freethitikcr No. 63. 53 The strongest Colouring will fade. 1783-94 Blake Songs Innoc ., Nurse's Song 13 Go and play till the light fades away. 1801 Southey Thalaba xn. xv, Dimmer now it [the flame] fades, and now is quench’d, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xi. 74 Light .. deepening at one extremity into red, and fading at the other into a pure ethereal hue. 0 1471 Riplf.y Comp. Alch. Pref. in Ashm.(i652) 127 Colour whych wyll not vade. fig . .1792 Rogers Pleas. Mem. 1. 88 When nature fades and life forgets to charm. 1836 Emerson Nat., Prospects Wks. (Bohn) II. 172 When the fact is seen under the light of an idea, the gaudy fable fades. 1876 E. M ellor Priesth. v. 208 The old Dispensation faded away in the dawning light of the New. 5 . trans. fa. To lose brilliancy of (colour). Obs. b. To cause to lose colour; to dim, dull, wither. Now rare. 1559 Cavill in Baldwin's Mirrour for Magistrates (1563) B iv a, The fresshest colours soonest fade the hue. 1598 Marston Pygmal. iv. 154 So haue I seen the march wind striue to fade The fairest hewe that Art, or Nature made. 1658 Dkyden O. Cromwell xv, No winter could his laurels fade. 1744 K. Hf.ywood Female Spectator i 1748) I. 272 Ill- nature, .swells the lip, fades the complexion, contracts the brow. 1768-74T ucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 587 To brighten or fade their colours. 18391 -.ongfellow Hyperion Prose Wks. (1886) II. 11. iii. 81 The early autumn gives to the summer leaves a warmer glow, yet fades them not. 1864 N. Haw¬ thorne Grimshawe's Secret xi. (1883) 133 Tapestry, or carpet..still retaining much of the ancient colors, where there was no visible sunshine to fade them. 6. intr. To pass away or disappear gradually; vanish, die out. Also with away. o. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. v. 15 He stands amazed how he thence should fade. 1610 Shaks. Temp. iv. i. 155 Like this insubstantiall Pageant faded. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian vii, And fades, as if into air, at my approach. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 11, I saw the last blue line of my native land fade away. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 134 Religious animosity, .would of itself fade away. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. vii. 68 Headland after headland, .until they faded into the mysterious North. 1876 E.Mellor Priesth.xx. 279 Other persons and things might fade from their memory. /3. 1538 Starkey Englatid 1. ii. 35 Thys bodyly wele wyl sone vade and vanysch away. 1548 Hall Chron. 117 The glory of thenglishemen. .began, .to decay, and vade awaie in Fraunce. a 1555 J. Philpot in Pagitt Heresiogr. (1648) 43 To my great griefe it [a vision] vaded away. b. humorously transf. To vanish mysteriously. 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair\x. 540 Florence Scape, Fanny Scape and their mother faded away to Boulogne. fc. trans. (causatively). Obs. 1787 Mirror 295 Those lineaments which time .. had al¬ most faded away from her remembrance. + Fade, z'. 2 Obs. rare. [OE. fadian WGer. type fadijan , f. *fada (OHG. vata) state, condi¬ tion ; cf. OHG. ketmvatbn to discompose, con¬ found.] trans. To dispose, suit, arrange. c 1020 Laws of Cnut, Eccl. xix, And word and weorc freonda getnvylc fadige mid rihte. c 1400 Sowdone Bab. 678 He and his sone Sir Ferumbras Here goddis of golde dide fade, c 1475 Partenay Prol. 164, I .. my witte shal put to fade In-to other fourme. Fade, z'. 3 dial. 1 To dance from town to coun¬ try ’ ( IV'. Cornw. Gloss.). 1846 Spec. Cortiish Dial. 19 A passel of maidens, .begin’d for.. to fade so friskis. Fade, obs. Sc. form o£*Feud sb.% + Fa’deable, a. Obs. [f. Fade zC + -able.] Liable to fade. 1633 T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter iii. (1865') 884 Neither Christ's honour nor our thankfulness are fadeable things. Faded (fended) , ppl. a. [f. as prec. -t- -ed 1 .] That has lost its freshness and vigour ; withered, decayed, worn out. 1580 Baret Alv. F 16 Withered, faded , flaccidus. 1595 Spenser Colin Clout 27 The fields with faded flowers did seem to mourne. 1667 Milton P. L. i. 602 Care Sat on his faded cheek. 1725 Pope Odyss. xx. 64 Her [Nature’s] faded powers with balmy rest renew. 1775 T. Percival Philos., Med. ty Exp. h ss. (1776) III. 223 Like faded cheese. 1797 M rs. Radcli ffe Italian xxxi. 11824) 705 The condition of Vivaldi, his faded appearance .. were [etc.]. 1820 Keats Hyperion 1. 90 Old Saturn lifted up His faded eyes, i860 Farrar Orig. Lang. vi. 116 Every language is a dictionary of faded metaphors. 1874 Green Short Hist. iv. 177 The faded glories of Arthur’s Court. 1892 Daily News 8 Sept. 6/4 That unenviable cognomen of faded flowers. Hence Pa*dedly adv. 18.. Dickens (Webster), A dull room fadedly furnished. Fadeless (h T1, dles\ a. [f. Fade v . + -less.] That is exempt from fading or decay : unfading. 1652 Benlowes TheopJi. vi. xx, Flow’rs. .Which into fade¬ less colours flow, c 1722 Watts Rcliq. Juv., Ode DeaihSir T. Abney, Come dress the bed with fadeless flowers. 1796 Coleridge To J. Cottle, May your fame fadeless live ! 1852 D. M. Moir Leg. St. Rosalie Poet. Wks. II. 79 Paradise, Where all is fadeless. 1854 H. Miller Sch. $ Schm. xvi. (i860) 177 A deathless, fadeless ray. Hence Pa'delessly adv. 1861 H. Macmillan Footn. Page Nat. 3S9 The robe of nature is yet fadelessly green. 1880 L. Wallace Ben-llur 121 Judah gave each .. a last look .. as if to possess himself of the scene fadelessly. Fader, obs. and dial. f. of Father. radge (fsedg), sb.i dial, and techn. [Etymo¬ logy uncertain : it is not clear whether the word is connected with Fadge v. Cf. Ob. fais bundle (mod.F. faix burden).] A bundle of leather, sticks, wool, etc.; a bale of goods. 1588 Wills y Inv. N. C. (Surtees' II. 180 Three hundrethe and threttene fadges of lynte. 1596 1 lud. 263 One hun- dredthe nynty and one fadg.s, or bundels, of lynt. 1808 Jamieson, Fnd^c, a bundle of sticks. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, Fadge, a name amongst leather sellers for a covering of undressed leather inclosing a bundle of patent or other valuable leather. 1882 Lane. Gloss., Fadge, a burden, part of a horse’s load. 1883 A Imoudbnry Gloss., Fadge, a bundle of cloth, wool, tic. fitted into a pack-sheet and fastened with skewers. 0 FADGE. 18 FAG. Fadge (freely), sb 2 Sc. Also ? 6 fage. A large flat loaf or bannock. a 1609 tr. Iter Camerarii ix. in Skene Reg. Maj. (1609' 150b, All kindes of bread, .that is, ane^fage [L. quachetum\ symmell, wasted.. and bread of trayt. 1 The older text of the translation (Record ed.) omits the equivalent of quachetum .] 1719 Ramsay E/>. Hamilton 11. iii, A Glasgow capon and a fadge Ye thought a feast. n 1774 Fergusson Farmer’s Ingle Poems (1845) 38 A crum O kebbuck whang’d and dainty fadge. 1808 in Jamieson. 1845 New Statist. Acc. Scot., Bemvickshire 77 Cakes..of barley meal, baked to a great thickness and called fadges. Fadge, sb. 3 dial. A short fat individual. a 1765 ‘ Ld. Thomas «$• Fair A nnet ’ viii. in Child Eng. <5- Sc. Top. Ball. (1885) hi. Ixxiii. 182/2, I sail hae nothing to mysell Bot a fat fadge by the fyre. 1876 in C. C. Robinson Mill- Yorksh. Gloss. Fudge, sbA slang\ A farthing. 1789 G. Parker Life's Painter xv. 161. 1812 in J. H. V'aux I 1 'lash Diet. 1873 in Slang Diet. 157. Fadge (feds), v. Also 6 7 fadg, fagge. [Etymology unknown : first found late in 16th c. The various uses of the word are substantially identical with those of the older Fay v. (:—OE. feyin\ of which, however, it can neither be a variant nor a derivative by any known process. Possibly it may have been a new type formed unconsciously on the suggestion of fay and some word ending in -dgc. Cf. Fadge sb. 1 The close corre¬ spondence of the senses with those of Cotton v. 1 is remark¬ able.] J* 1 . intr. Of things : To fit, suit, be suitable. Const, dat. or to. Also, to agree, fit in with i v a thing) ; to agree, go down with (a person). Obs. 1578 Whetstone Promos <$• Cass. Pt. i. v. v, In good soothe, Sir, this match fadged frim. 1599 Marston Sco. Villatiie 1. i. 172 How ill his shape with inward forme doth fadge. a 1618 Sylvester Epist. i. 40 111 , mee seems, that Cognizance doth fadge To such a Coate. c 1622 Fletcher Love's Cure 11. ii, These clothes will never fadge with me. a 1661 Fuller Worthies iv. (1662) 12 The Study of the Law did not fadge well with him. 1670 W. Simpson Hydrol. Ess. 43 You do not..make it fadge to your purpose. 1681 W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 708 Let men avoid what fadgeth not with their stomachs. 1711 Brit. Apollo. IV. 2/1 Your Rhimes ne'er will Fadge With us. f 2 . Of persons : To do with, put up with (a thing) ; to agree, ‘ hit it rub on (with a person). 1592 Nashe Strange Newcs F ij, A new kind of quicke fight, which your. .slow-moving capacitie cannot fadge with. 1601 Deacon & Walker Spirits 'dig),///, a. [f. as prec. + ing 2.] That fades, in various senses of the vb. 1535 Coverdale Isa. xxviii. i The faydinge floure. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 364 Vadeing shadowes. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. 1. iv. § 5 Wonder not that he..should wish for fading Water. 1658 T. Goodwin Fair Prospect 37 Like a cupboard of glasses, fair to the eye, but very brittle and fading. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. 11. x. (1695)71 The Pictures drawn in our Minds are laid in fading Colours. 1804 J. Grahame Sabbath 5 The fading flowers, That yester-morn bloom’d waving in the breeze, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. vii. 57 The fading light warned me that it was time to return. b. Bot. Of the petals: Withering before fertiliza¬ tion is completed. 1776 Withering Brit. Plants (1796) I. 318 Petals..per- manent, but fading. Hence Fadingly adv., Fa dingness, tendency to fade. 1838 Tait's Mag. V^6 The cold moonshine fadingly struggled. 18. . V Keats To -Poems (1889) 346 Do not look so sad. .and fadingly. 1654 W. Montagu llevout Ess. xi. § 3 Beautie, the fadingness whereof is the great detector of our frailtie. 1735 Diet. Polygraphicum , F'adinguess is represented in painting, by a lady clad in green [etc.]. Fadme, -om, etc., obs. ff. Fathom. + FadoO'dle. Obs. rare— l . Something foolish or ridiculous; nonsense. a 1670 Hacket Abp. Williams 11. (1692) 131 When all the stuff in the letters are scann’d, what fadoodles are brought to light. Fady (f^’di), a. [f. Fade v. + -y h] Tending to fade, shading off by degrees into a paler hue. 1730 6 in Bailey (folio), c 1750 Shenstone Ruin'd A bbey 180 The vivid vermeil left his fady ch^k. 1763 — Ess. 105 Planted, .withyew-trees, then firs, then with trees more and more fady. 1775 in Ash ; and in later Diets. Fae, Sc. var. of Foe. Faecal (frkal), a. Also 7-9 fecal, [f. L. fac-em,fax, dregs + -al. Cf. F .fecal.] Belonging to or of the nature of faeces, characterized by the presence of faeces, as in facal abscess, fistula, tumour. 1541 R. Copland Guy dons Quest. Chirurg. , Lytell celles, wherin the fecall mater taketh forme. 1623 Hart A rraignm. Ur. 1. ii. 6 Easilier to expell the fecall excrements. 1730-6 Bailey (folio), F'xcal Matter. 1775 NoURSEin Phil. Trans. LXVI. 438 The fecal discharge lessened daily. 1872 Huxley Phys. vi. 155 The characteristic fsecal odour and colour. 1878 T. Bryant Tract. Surg. I. 2 An abdominal tumour may be. .faecal. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fistula, fecal, I an abdominal fistula opening into an intestine. tFsecaTity. In 7 ficality. [f. prec. +-ity.] ' toiler. Fcecal matter. 1653 Urquhart Rabelais i. iv. 23 O the fair fecality where- with she swelled. Fsecaloid (frkaloid), a. [f. as prec. + -oid.] Resembling feces. 1882 Quain Diet. Med. (Intestinal Obstruction 739^, The vomit is. .faecaloid in appearance and odour. t Fseca’tion. Obs . [f. next + -ation.] 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fiecation . .a term in the older chemis¬ try for the separation of a deposit from a fluid. Faeces (frsJz), sb.pl. Forms: 5-8 feces, -is, 6 fecies, fesses, (8 feeces), 7- faeces, [a. L. feces pi. of fix dregs.] 1 . Sediment ; dregs, lees, subsidence, refuse. 1460 70 Bk. Quintessence 4 Rotun fecis of wiyn. 1527 Andrew Brunswyke' s Distyll. Waters B vij, Euery water shold be cast upon his ovvne feces. 1594 Plat Jewell-ho. 11. 40 The Lee or faces of y 5 best sallet oyle. 1655 Cul¬ pepper R iverius 1. ii. 13 The fecies or residents of the Powder in the bottom. 1742 Lond. Country Brew. 1. (ed. 4) 73 The Faces or Sediment which causes the Fermentation to be fierce or mild. 1811 A. T. Thomson Land. Disp. (1818) 524 Set apart the liquor, that the feces, .may subside. 2 . Waste matter that is discharged from the bowels; excrement. 1639 Beaumont & Fletcher M. Thomas 11. iii Do you mark the faeces? Tis a most pestilent contagious fever. 1732 Arbuthnot Rules of Diet 293 If there be any Acri¬ mony in the Faeces. 1748 Hartley Observ. Man 1. i. 96 The Impressions which the Aliment, Bile, and Faeces, make upon the villous Coat. 1802 Med. Jrnl. VIII. 369 The ex¬ pulsion of the feces. 1872 Huxley Phys. vi. 139 The residue . .leaves the body as the feces. t Fae*cical, a. Obs. [f. L. fac-es + -ic + -al.] = F.ecal. 1594 Plat Jewell-ho. 11. 35 Hee..did .. also make good vineger the fecicall parte of thereof. Ibid. 111. 10 Fecicall. Faecula, fecula (fe-ki/ 71 a). PI. -ee. [a. L. facula crust of wine, dim. of fax : see Faeces. Cf. F .fecule. The spelling fecula is now the more common, but is not in accordance with analogy, as L. words not anglicized in termination ordinarily retain their original spelling.] 1 . ‘ The sediment or lees which subsides from the infusion of many vegetable substances, esp. applied to starch’ (Syd. Soc. lex . 1884). Amylaceous fccula: starch. Green facula (Fr. fecule vcric) : see quot. 1S00. 1684 tr. Bond's Merc. Compit. v. 146 It is better to use the powder of the root [of Pseony] than the fecula. 1791 Hamilton Berthollet's Dyeing II. 11. 11. ii. 76 The fecula remaining on the filter he compared to .. Carolina indigo. 1800 tr. Lagrange's Client. II. 258 Green Fecula, is extracted from the juice of vegetables : this green colour is exceedingly fugitive. .The other kind, called Amylaceous Fecula, is in a great measure extracted from corn. 1810 Henry Elem. Chem. (1840) 11.257 The fecula.. is not dissolved, but merely suspended mechanically. 1858 Carpenter Peg. Phys. §691 The bulbs generally contain a large quantity of fecula. 2 . Sediment in general, dregs, sing, and pi. rare. 1816 J. Smith Panorama Sc. <$• Art II. 385 Astringent vegetables, .precipitate a fine black fecula from sulphate of iron. 1823 P. Nicholson Pi-act. Build. 411 Linseed oil., is. .filtered to free it from feculae. Faeculence, -ency, -ent.: see Fec-. Feecundity, obs. f. of Fecundity. Faein, obs. f. of Fain. Faerie, faery (fijeri), sb. (a) arch. [A variant of Fairy ; it prob. existed in ME. (cf. OF. faerie ), but its first known appearance is as em¬ ployed arch. by Spenser (usually as trisyllable). In present usage, it is practically a distinct word, adopted either to express Spenser’s peculiar modi¬ fication of the sense, or to exclude various un- poetical or undignified associations connected with the current form fairy .] I . The realm or world of the fays or fairies; fairyland, fairydom (cf. Fairy sb. 1). Usually, the imaginary world depicted in Spenser’s Faery Queene , the personages of which have little or no resemblance to the ‘ fairies ’ of popular belief. 1590 Spenser F. Q. ii. Introd. i, None that breatheth living aire does know Where is that happy land of Faery. 1818 Shelley Rev. Islam Ded. i, Some victor Knight of Faery. 1835 Willis Pencillings II. xlix. 80 A grass so verdant.. that it seems the very floor of faery. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. 1.11. 554 Men dreaded there to see The uncouth things of faerie. f 2 . = Fairy sb. 2. Obs. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. iv. 307 The feasts that vnder- ground the Faerie did him make. + 3 . = Fairy 4. Obs. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. iv. 15 The stout Faerie. .Thought all their glorie vaine. 1591 — Tears of Muses 31 The..light- foote Faeries. 1634 Milton Counts 436 No goblin or swart faery of the mine, Hath hurtful power o’er true virginity. 4 . attrib. passing into adj. (never in predicative use), with sense : Of or belonging to * faerie *, re¬ sembling fairyland, beautiful and unsubstantial, visionary, unreal. Also Comb ., as faery-land,-tale ; faery fair, frail adjs. 1590 Spenser (title), The Faerie Queene. Ibid. 1. Introd. ii, Lay forth. .The antique rolles. .Of Faerie knights. Ibid. 11. Introd. iv, Of faery lond yet if he more inquyre By cer- tein signes. .He may it find. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. iv. vi. 20 To night at Hernes-Oke .. Must my sweet Nan present the Faerie-Queene. 1652 Brome Joviall Cre7u iv. Wks. 1873 III. 417 A House..built upon Faery-Ground. 1667 Milton P. L. i. 781 Faerie Elves Whose Midnight Revels . . some belated Peasant sees. 1804 Wordsw. To the Cuckoo viii, The Earth .. Again appears to be An unsubstantial faery place. 1820 Keats St. Agues viii, Hoodwink’d with faery fancy. 1839 Hallam Hist. Lit. v. 11. §89 The le¬ gends of Faeryland. 1868 Ld. Houghton Select, fr. Wks. 174 So faery-frail, so faery-fair. 1890 R. Bridges Shorter Poems iii. v, To taste the faery cheer Of spirits in a dream. Fafell, var. of Favel, Obs . t Fa file, v. Obs. or dial. [Of echoic origin : cf. majfle ; also dial, faff a puff of wind, faff to blow in sudden gusts.] a. To stutter or stammer; to utter incoherent sounds, b. To saunter; to fumble, c. Of a sail: To flap idly in the wind. 1570 Levins Manip. 9 To Faffle, balbutire. Ibid. 127 Faffil. 1580 in Baret Alv. F. 19. 1781 in Hutton Tour to Caves Gloss. 1869 in Lonsdale Gloss, s. v. Fag (fseg), [f. the vb.] 1 . That which causes weariness ; hard work, toil, drudgery, fatigue, colloq. 1780 Mad. D’Arblay Diary $ Lett. 13 Apr., This was my fag till after tea. 1798 Nelson Lett. (1814) 11. 233 As no fleet has more fag than this, nothing but the .. greatest attention can keep them healthy. 1847 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 8 Not worth the fag of going and coming, i860 Dixon Hist. Bacon x. § 19 The fag and contest of the world. FAG. 19 FAGGOT. 2 . In English public schools, a junior who per¬ forms certain duties for a senior. Also transf. a drudge. 1785 R. Cumberland Observer x cv. § 3 ,1 had the character at school of being the very best fag that ever came into it. 1811 L. M. Hawkins Otess Jj- Gerir. I. 50 She .. finds her¬ self in the situation of ‘ a fag’ at our public schools. 1841 Macaulay W. Hastings Ess. (1851)597 He [Hastings] hired Impey with a tart or a ball to act as fag. 1857 Hughes Tom Brown 1. viii, The. .night-fags had left duty. transf. a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) II. 115 William Tag, Thalia’s most industrious fag. 1855 Thackeray Ne'wcomes I. 171 The diminutive fag of the studio. 3 . att rib. as fag-day, -partner (cf. fagging partner under Fagging///. a.\ 1828 ArRD in Blaekzu. Mag. Dec. 713/1 A fag partner at whist when a better fourth hand is wanting. 1885 Pall Mall G. 27 May 6/1 Far more exhausting than a fag day of five hours at Rugby. + Pag (fseg), sb 2 Obs. exc. in Comb, and dial. [See Fag vi] 1 . Something that hangs loose ; a flap. In quot. attrib. See also Fag-end. i486 Bk. St. Albans Bj a, The federis at the wynge next the body be calde the flagg or the fagg federis. 2 . = Fag-end in various senses. c 1580 J. Chappell Will in Noake Worcestershire Relics (1877) 34 To his sister-in-law he [a clothier] leaves a * fagg ’ to make her a petticoat, .to Roger Massye. .a white fagg to make him a coat. a 1626 Middleton Changeling m. iii, To finish (as it were) and make the fagg Of all the Revels. 1659 Fuller App. Inj. Innoc. 1. vi. 5, I have, .presented the whole Cloath of his Book..Length and Breadth, and List and Fag and all. 1775 Ash, Fag. .the fringe at the end of a rope. 3 . dial. a. An odd strip of land. b. Odds and ends of pasture-grass. 1880 Times ly Sept. 8/5 The fags along the sides of the river are being irretrievably damaged. 1884 Lawson Upton Gloss ., Fag , generally Old Fag , tufts of last year’s grass not eaten down. Fag (fregl, sbfi [Etymology unknown ; perh. senses I and 2 do not belong to the same word.] 1 . A ‘knot’ in cloth. 1464 Act. 4 Ediu. IV, c. i, En cas que ascune autiel di- versite ou Rawe, Ska we, cokell ou fagge, aveigne destre en ascun part des ditz draps. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, Fag . .a knot in cloth. 2 . A parasitic insect which infects sheep; a sheep-tick ; hence a disease of sheep. Also, sheep- fag. dial, attrib. fag-water (see quot.). 1789 Projects in Anti. Reg. 71 Hippobosca ovina, called in Lincolnshire sheep faggs. 1877 A - . IV. Line. Gloss., Sheep - fag , a parasitic insect that infests the wool of sheep, 1886 S. IV. Line. Gloss., Fag-water, water mixed with arsenic and soft-soap in which sheep are dipped to kill the ticks. Fag (fseg), v. [Of obscure etymology; the common view that it is a corruption of Flag v. would satisfactorily account for the sense; see quot. i486 in Fag sb . 2 1. Cf. also Faik vf] f 1 . intr . To flag, droop, decline (lit. and Jig.) ; to fall off, swerve from, into. Obs. exc. dial. 1530 Palsgr. 543/1 ,1 fagge from the trouthe (Lydgate): this terme is nat in our comen use. 1563-87 Foxe A. Sc. ? Obs. [Possibly the same word as Faik v . 1 ; cf. ME. use of fold= falter, fail (said of the limbs). But cf. OS. fakSn, MDu. vaeken to slumber.] a. intr. Of the limbs : To fail from weariness; to cease moving, b. trans. To faik never a foot: not to cease from movement. 1768 Ross Hclcnore (1866) 152 Her limbs they faicked under her and fell. Ibid. 210 The lasses.. faiked ne’er a foot for height nor how. 1808 79 Jamieson s. v., My feet have neverfaikit, I have still been in motion. Faikes ^f^ks). Geol. Also fakes. (See quots.). [1808 79 Jamieson, Faik, a stratum or layer of stone in the quarry.] 1865 Page Handbk. Geol. Terms , Faikes or Fakes , a Scotch miner’s term for fissile sandy shales, or shaly sandstones. 1876 — Adv. Text-bk. Geol. v. 92 Faikes, a thin-bedded shaly sandstone of irregular composition. 1882 G eikie Text-bk. Geol. 11. 11. § 6. 158 Micaceous sand¬ stone—a rock so full of mica-flakes that it readily splits into thin laminae. .This rock is called ‘fakes’ in Scotland. Faikyn, Sc. var. Faken a. Obs., deceitful, f Fail, sb . 1 Sc. Obs. Also 6 fale, 6-8 faill, 8 feal. [? a. Gael, fal a sod.] 1 . ‘ Any grassy part of the surface of the ground, as united to the rest’ (Jam.). 1513 Douglas /Eneis xtt. Prol. 88 The variant vestur of the venust vaill Schrowdis the scherald fur, and euery faill. 2 . ‘ A turf, a flat clod covered with grass cut off from the rest of the sward ’ (Jam.). Also turf, as a material. FAIL. 21 FAIL. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 146 Euerie man ane flaik sould mak of tre, And faillis delf into greit quantitie. 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 172 He beildit ane huge wall of fail and devait. 1639 Spalding Troub. Chas. / (1792) I. 173 Close it [the port] up strongly with faill and thatch. 1708 J. Chambeklaynf. St. Gt. Brit. n. in. i. (1743) 400 Every minister has fewel, foggage, faill, and diviots allowed them. 3 . Comb, fail-dyke, a wall built of sods. 1536 in Pitcairn Crini. Trials Scot. I. 174* The overthrow¬ ing of a ‘faill-dyke’ built on the said lands. 17. . in Scott Minstr. Scot. Bord. (1 803) III. 241 ‘ Behint yon auld fail dyke, I wot there lies a new slain knight.’ 1816 Scott Antic, xx, ‘Auld Edie will hirple out himsell if he can get a feal-dike to lay his gun ower. Fail (frd), sbi 1 Also Failyie. [a. OF. faile , faille deficiency, failure, fault, f. faillir to Fail.] 1 . = Failure i. Obs. e.\c. in phrase Without fail ; now used only to strengthen an injunction or a promise; formerly also with statements of fact, = unquestionably, certainly. + Also, in same sense, {It is) no fail {but), sans fail : without any doubt, for certain. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 245 per wypoute fayle, At Eccestre strong enou hii smyte an batayle. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1725) 245 In luf & pes sanz faile went Edward. £1385 Chaucer L. G. W. 1092 Dido , Comaunded hire massan- gerys for to go The same day with outyn any fayle. c 1430 Lydg. Bochas yiii. xvii.(i544) 188 b, In Europe stant Thrace . .it is no fayle. 1546 Langley Pol. Vcrg. Dc Invent. 1. xvi. 29 a, It is no fayle but it [the knowledge of medecines] was perceyued, by what thinges were wholsome, & what un- wholsome. 1555 Abp. Parker Ps. 1 , I wil no fayle deliuer thee. 1611 Bible Josh. iii. 10 The liuing God., will without faile driue out from before you the Canaanites. 1611 Shaks. IVint. T. v. i. 27 Dangers, by his Highnesse faile of Issue, May drop vpon his Kingdome. 1656 Burton's Diary (1828) I. 176 There is no fail of justice, .yet. 1678 Cudvvorth Intell. Syst. 128 There might be never any Fail of Gene¬ rations. 1713 Swift Jrnl. to Stella 26 Feb., The meeting of parliament. .will be next Tuesday, .without fail. 1847 Marryat Childr. N. Forest xviii, The tailor has promised the clothes on Saturday without fail. + 2 . = Failure 3. For fail : in the event of failure; as a precaution against failure. Obs. 1477 Norton Ord. Alch. ii. in Ashm. (1652) 29 Of all paines the most grevious paine, Is for one faile to beginn all againe. 1627-77 Feltham Resolves 1. xci. 141 The Prince suffers in the fails of his Ambassador. 1660 Sharrock Vegetables 98 Be sure you plow up. .annoying weeds, and for fail let some¬ body, with a spade, follow the plough, to root up such as are left, a 1734 North Exam. 11. iv. § 84 (1740) 272 They con¬ tinually watched for Colours, and for Fail, made them, to affirm this. t 3 . = Failure 2. Obs. 1647 Sanderson Serrn. IT. 207 Overmuch sorrow .. upon the fail of any earthly helps or hopes. 1654 Gataker Disc. Apol. 47 Chalkie Pillars, .threatning a fail, if not a fall. t b. Death. Obs. rare. 1613 Shaks. Henry VIIJ 1. ii. 145 How grounded heehis Title to the Crowne Vpon our faile. Fail (f?d), v. Forms: 3-4 faile-n, (4-5 faylen), 3-5 fail(l)i, 3-6 faille(n, faylle, 3-7 faile, (3 vaile), fayle, -y, 4-6 faly(e, (4 failly, fal(l)e, feile, 6 feyle, faeille, 7 faill, fall), 3- fail. Sc. 4-6 fai^e (6 7 printed failze), (6 fal3e, 7 failyie), faillie. [a. OF .faillir to be wanting, miss (mod.F. faillir to miss ,falloir impers. to be wanting, to be necessary) — Pr. faillir, falhir, OSp. fallir (in mod.Sp. replaced by the derivative form fallecer , f. L. type *fallesccre ), Cat., OPg. falir (mod.Pg. falcccf), It. fall ire vulgar L. * faill re (for class. L . Jailere to deceive), used absol. in sense * to disappoint expectation, be wanting or defective/ The OF. verb was adopted in MPIG. velcn (mod.G. fehlen ), Dw.feileu, ON .feila. In 15-17th c. in intrans. senses often conjugated with bel\ I. To be or become deficient. 1 . intr. To be absent or wanting. Now only of something necessary or desirable (coinciding with sense 5) ; often in pr. pple. with sb. or pron., as failing this = ‘ in default of this’ (see Failing prep.). In early use, + To be wanting to complete a specified quantity; also impers. ^1300 Cursor M. i486 (Cott.) Matusale Liued..til pat nine hundret yeir war gan And seuenti, falid it bot an. <*1325 E. E. Allit. P. B. 741 What if fyue faylen of fyfty pe noumbre? c 1400 Maundev. (1839) xvii. 182 There fay- lethe but 5 Degrees & an half, of the fourthe partie. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 63 Make pat pe splentis & byndynge faile above pe wounde. a 1400-50 A lexander 4279 Forpi failis vs all infirmit[e]s of fieuyre & of ells. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 284/3 The preues of the lignages were fayled. 1543- 4 Act 35 Heti. VIII y c. 1 §6 If suche heyres shulde fayle. 16x1 Bible 2 Sam. iii. 29 Let there not faile from the house of Ioab one that hath an issue. 1703 Maundrell Journ. Jems. (1732) 128 Shaded over head with Trees, and with Matts when the boughs fail. 1878 Browning La Saisiaz 58 Failing proof then of invented trouble. + b. with dal. of the person. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 11426 (Gott.) paim fayled neuer drinc ne fode. **1300 Leg. Rood (1871) 30 po Rework was al- mestido; hem vailed a vair tre. c 1300 St. Brandan 510 Him faillede grace, .his lyf to amende. 1424 Poston Lett. 4 I. 12 Hem fayled ropes convenient to here.. purpos. 1611 Bible x Kings ii. 4 There shall not faile thee, .a man on the throne of Israel. c. To be inadequate or insufficient. Chiefly in phrase time would fail. Const, dat. of person. c 1325 E. E. Allit. P. B. 548 Tyl any water in pe worlde to wasche pe fayly. 1548 Hall Chron. 24 \ Kyng James would make no aunswere. .knowing that his power now fayled. .to performe the request dematinded. 1611 Bible Heb. xi. 32 The time would faile mee to tell of Gedeon. 16x4 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 612 The day would faile mee if I should [etc.]. 2 . To become exhausted, come to an end, run short. Const, dat. of the person ; also, + of ] from (a place, receptacle). c 1250 Old Kentish Serm. in O. E. Misc. 29 Wyn failede at pise bredale. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1725) 326 Alle per store failed. 1382 Wyclif i Macc. iii. 20 He saw3, that monee failide of his tresours. c 1400 Cato's Morals 87 in Cursor M. App. iv, Loke pou spende mesureli, pe gode pat pou liuis bi, or ellis wille hit faile. 1596 Spenser F. Q. iv. i. 43 The breath gan him to fayle. 1611 Bible i Kings xvii. 14 Neither shall the cruse of oile faile. — Job xiv. 11 The waters faile from the sea. 1653 Holcroft Procopius 11. xvi. 58 Their Provisions being failed, they fed upon Hides. 1695 Locke Further Consider. Money (ed. 2) 68 Where the credit and money fail, barter alone must do. 1729 Butler Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 146 All other enjoyments fail in these circumstances. 1801 Southey Thalaba iv. xviii, Soon would our food and water fail us here. 1871 B. Taylor Faust (1875) 11 . 11. iii. 124 Health is none where water fails ! b. To become extinct; to die out, lose vitality, pass away. Of an odour or sound : To die away. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.)xv. 68 Machometes lawe sail faile. 1463 Bury Wills (Camden) 18 If the office of Seynt Marie preest fayle. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 393 Of him the airis maill did fal3e. 1611 Bible Esther ix. 28 These dayes of Purim should not faile from among the Jewes. 1647-8 Cotterell Davila's Hist. Er. (1678) 5 The eldest line failing. 1764 Goldsm. Trav. 91 Where wealth and freedom reign, contentment fails. 1767 Blackstone Comm. II. 239 The blood of the Ketnpes shall not inherit till the blood of the Stiles’s fail. 1819 Shelley Ind. Serenade , The Cham- pak’s odours fail Like sweet thoughts in a dream. 1837 Newman Par. Serm. (ed. 2) III. viii. 120 Religion seems to be failing when it is merely changing its form. 1842 Tenny¬ son Vision of Sin 24 The music. .Rose again from where it seem’d to fail. + c. Of a period of time or anything that has a finite duration : To come to an end, expire. Obs. X399 Langl. Rich. Redeles 11. 14 Somere hem flfaylid. c 1477 Caxton Jason 14 b, As sone as the triews shall faylle ye snal be guerdoned. 1563 Golding Caesar (1565) 96 b, The season of the yeare mete for warrefare fayled. 1611 Bible Heb. i. 12 Thou art the same and thy yeeres shall not fayle. t d. To cease to speak of. Obs. rare. c 1650 Merline 1208 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 460 Now let us of his mother fayle, And turne us to another tale. 3 . 1 To fall off in respect of vigour or activity ’ (W.) ; to lose power or strength ; to flag, wane ; to break down ; Jig. of the heart. Of the eyes, light, etc. : To grow dim. a 1225 Ancr. R. 228 None deofles pufTe ne purue }e dreden, but }if pet lim ualse [?'.r. faille], c 1275 Lay. 2938 po holdede pe king [Leir] and failede his mihte. 1340 Hampole Pr. Cause. 1. 727 At even late he.. fayles. .and dwynes tonoght. 1382 Wyclif Isa. xiii. 7 Eche herte of a man shal wane, or faylen. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. in. viii. (1495) 54 The soule vegetable faylyth and at the laste whan the body deyth, it deyeth. c 1400 Dcstr. Troy 3549 His sight failet. 1548 Hall Chron. 88 His heart fayled. 1667 Milton P. L. xii. 9, I perceave Thy mortal sight to faile. 1669 Sturmy Mariner s Mag. iv. 136 Let slip thine Anchor, the Wind fails. X743 Wesley Jrnl. 20 Oct., My voice suddenly fail’d. 1820 Shelley Julian 597 The poor sufferer’s health began to fail. 1833 Hr. Martineau Tale of Tyne iv. 67 The wind . .failed. 1842 Tennyson Lady Clare 78 Her heart within her did not fail, i860 Ramsay Retnin. 1st Ser. (ed. 7) 107 In Scotland it used to be quite common to say of a person whose health and strength had declined, that he had failed. 1881 S. Colvin Landor 136 That kind, .old lady had been failing since the spring of 1829 and had died in October. b. with dat. of the person (approaching sense 5). a 1300 Cursor M. 24001 (Cott.) Gang, and steyuen, and tung, and sight, All fail led me pat tide, a 1300 Leg. Rood (1871) 20 pe strengpe him failede of is lymes. a 1400-50 Alexander 1443 All failis pam pe force. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 11. (1625) 47 My senses did faile me. i6ix Bible Luke xxi. 26 Mens hearts failing them for feare. 1678 Trans. Crt. Spain 11. 61 If my memory fail me not. 1842 Miss Mitford in L’Estrange Life III. ix. 136 His eyesight fails him now. 1871 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xviii. 116 The heart of Eustace failed him. c. dial. To fall ill {of). 1875 Sussex Gloss, s.v., As though he was going to fail with the measles. 1876 Surrey Pr ovine., Fail of to fall ill of, to sicken with. + d. To die. Obs. [So Sp .fallecer.] 1613 Shaks. lien. VIIJ 1. ii. 184 Had the King in his last Sicknesse faild. 1878 Cumbcrld. Gloss., Fail, to die. 4 . To prove deficient upon trial, f Of fighting men: To give way (before an enemy). Of a material thing : To break down under strain or pressure ( arch.). Of a rule, anticipation, sign : To prove misleading. 1375 Barbour Bruce 11. 393 For thar small folk begouth to fail3e, And fled all skalyt her and thar. c 1398 Chaucer Fortime 56 In general this rewle may not fayle. a 1400-50 Alexander 1372 With pat scho [a tower] flisch noper fayle fyue score aunkirs. c 1400 Laufranc's Cirurg. 133 Or ellis pou schalt knowe bi pis signe pat nevere failip. c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 47 Thyng counterfeet wol faylen [ printed fayler] at assay. 1622 R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea xxxii. 76 Creatures .. bred in .. fresh Rivers die presently, if they come into Salt water. .This fayleth in some Fishes. X776 G. Semple Building in Water 18 The second Pier of the Foot-way, failed and carried off by the Floods. 1782 Cowpf.r Gilpin 95 Loop and button failing both At last it [the cloak] flew away. 1815 T. Forster A tmos. Pheno/u. 155 The abundance of berries in the hedges is said to pre- sage a hard winter, but this often fails. 1855 Tf.nnyson Maud 1. xi. 2 O let the solid ground Not fail beneath my feet. 5 . Not to render the due or expected service or aid; to be wanting at need. Chiefly with dat. of the person, rarely with to. quasi-/m;/j.: To dis¬ appoint, give no help to; to withhold help from. a X300 Floriz BI. 424 Ihc schal pe failli neure mo. a X300 K. Horn 638 Mi swerd me nolde faille, c 1305 Ed¬ mund Conf. 592 in E. E. P. (1862) 86 Foreward he nuld pis monekes : & ne faillede hem no^t. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 99 Sir Lowys failed nouht, his help was him redie. £1420 Anturs of Arth. xlvi, Frettut with fyne gold, that failis in the fi}te. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon i. 37 Serue the kynge. .nor faylle hym not for noo thyng. 1549 Compl. Scot. viii. 74 The inglis men dreymis that }e haue fail^et to them. 1590 Sir J. Smyth Disc. IVcapons 3 b, A 1 their other weapons in fight have failed them. 1771 Mrs. E. Griffith tr. Viand's Ship^vreck 44 If it [the shattered boat] should fail me .. said I to myself 1836 Kf.ble Serm. viii. Postscript (1848) 373 The language, .fails him..in his endeavour to find words to express the greatness of the gift, a 1845 Lyte Hymn, * Abide with me,* When other helpers fail and comforts flee. 1871 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xviii. 222 Here again chronology fails us. 1881 Daily Tel. 28 Jan., In the afternoon the wind failed us. + b. trans. with double olj. or const. of\ To disappoint of (something due or expected). Obs. ci 386 Chaucer Shipman's T. 188, I wil nought faile yow my thankes. 1647 Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 7 Two posts having failed me of intelligence. II. To have a deficiency or want; to lack. 6. intr. To be wanting or deficient in (an essential quality or part). c 1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 22 Men pat failen in charite. c 1384 Chaucer H. Fame 111. 8 Though somme vers fayle in A sillable. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xiii. 58 Bot }it pai faile in sum articles of oure beleue. 1556 Aurclio I sab. (16081 Kv, Beter to faille a litell in the justice, than to be superflue in crualte. 1655 Earl Orrery Parthenissa (1676) 80 You might have fail’d in the knowledge of those particulars. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 114 The Dialogue fails in unity, b. To fail of: = 7. 1307 Elegy Edw. I, x. tin Warton (1840) I. 94) Of gode knyhtes darh him nout fail, c 1386 Chaucf.r Shipman's T. 248 Of siluer in thy purs shaltow nat faille. 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 9 § x The King., not willing his. .subgettis to faill of remedy. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 42 If I faile not of memory therein, we [etc.]. 1651 Marius Adv. Cone . Bills of Exchange 24 The drawer of the Bill was failed of his credit. 1671 R. Bohun Disc. Wind 20 When the Atmosphere begins to thicken..wee seldom fail of a Wind. 1713 Gay Guardian No. 149 IP 17 A dancing- master of the lowest rank seldom fails of the scarlet stocking and the red heel. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 150 Whenever the continent shall come to fail of timber. 1867 Longf. Giotto's Tozver 6 How many lives. .Fail of the nimbus which the artists paint Around the shining forehead of the saint. 1884 Alauch. Exam. 22 May 5/4 Failing of any other remedy, they grumble. 7 . trans. To be or become deficient in ; to lack, want, be without. Now rare. c 1325 E. E. Allit. P. B. 1535 A fust faylaynde fe wryst. 1375 Barbour Bruce xviii. 269 Thai of the host that falit met. c 1400 Sowdone Bab. 2290 He saugh the ladies so whi^te of ler, Faile brede on here table. 1466 Marg. Paston in Paston Lett. 560 II. 291 Send me word, .whether ye have your last dedes that ye fayled. 1483 Ecstivall (W. de W. 1515) 22 Whan Jacob fayled come he must nedes sende for more. 1869 Freeman Norm. Cotiq. (ed. 2) III. xi. 44 The Primate prayed that their chosen King might never fai l the throne. 1883 Jefferies Stor. Heart vii. 115, I fail words to express my utter contempt. t 8. To fail little, not much : to have a narrow escape (of some misadventure). Const, to with inf. and of with gerund. Also, To fail of: to keep clear of, escape, miss. Obs. 1624 Capt. Smith Virginia 1. (1629) 13 We fayled not much to have been cast away. 1653 Holcroft Procopius iv. 130 The Romans Rams, .failed little to be all set on fire. 1684 Contempt. State of Man 1. ii. (1699) 16 Croesus .. failed but little of being burnt alive. 1724 Swift Drapier's Lett. iv, That pernicious Counsel of sending base money hither very narrowly failed of losing the Kingdom. X771 Goi.dsm. Hist. Eng. II. 216 A weak prince..seldom fails of having his authority despised. III. To fall short in performance or attainment. 9 . intr. To make default; to be a defaulter ; to come short of performing one’s duty or functions. 1340 Ayenb. 173 Yef he failep at his rekeninge: god nele na}t faly at his. 1389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 30 And qwo falye, schal payen thre pound of wax. 1471 Earl Warwick in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. iv. I. 4, I pray you ffayle not now. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 394 Desyrand . .To mak redres als far as tha had faillit. 1551 Act'Mary (1814) 488 Gif ony Lord .. fail}eis and brekis the said act. 1611 Bible Job xxi. 10 Their bull gendereth, and faileth not. 1667 Milton P. L. viii. 534 Nature fail’d in mee. *875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 324 No one will be less likely . .to fail in his religious duties. f b. trans. To make default in; to break. Obs. c 1500 Melusine 12 Fals kinge, thou hast faylled thy coue- naunt. a 1653 Gouge Comm. Heb. iii. 5 It is a great crime to fail trust. 1784 Covvper Tirocin. 293 These menageries all fail their trust. , fc. To disappoint (expectation). Obs. Cf. 5. 1634 Heywood Lane. Witches 1. Wks. 1874 IV. 178 Your Vncle..Hath failed your expectation. 1651 Gataker in Fulleds Abel Rediv. x Whitaker 403 Neither did he therein either faile their estimation, or [etc.]. 1699 W. Dampier Voy. II. 1. 105 Not altogether to fail the Readers expecta¬ tion, I shall give a brief account. 10. trails. To leave undone, omit to perform, FAIL. 22 FAILURE. miss (some customary or expected action). Obs. j exc. with inf. as object. 1393 Gower Cotif. I. 352 To mordre who that woll assente I He may nought faile to repente. 1485 Caxton Cltas. Gt. 29 1 He faylled not to doo gretely hys deuoyr in sacrifyses & oblacions. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccxliii. 362 We commaunde you.. that this be nat fayled, in as hasty wyse as ye can. 1529 Wolsey in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 102 II. 2 Fayle not therfor to be here thys nygth. 1611 Bible i Sam. ii. 16 J Let them not faile to burne the fat presently. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. v. (1840) 87 My morning Walk with my Gun, which I seldom failed. 1810 Scott Lady 0/L. m. xi, Burst be the ear that fails to heed. 1885 C. J. Mathew in Lg20 rimes’ Rcjk LIII. 779/1 He failed to keep his word. + b. with gerund as object. Also, To fail of. 1723 Pres. State Russia I. 105 Such corrupt Habits as could not fail producing an Aversion to him. 1749 Fielding Rom Jones 11. ii, Thomas .. whom he had hitherto seldom failed of visiting at least once a Day. + 11 . intr. To be at fault; to miss the mark, go astray, err. Const, of, from. Obs. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 95/103 fiou faillest of pin art. a 1340 H’ampole Psalter xi. 1 Vnnethes ere any funden pat fades noght fra halynes. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xxm. 31 And spiritus prudencie in menye poynt shal fayle Of pat he wenep wolde faile. c 1440 York Myst. xxiii. 210 In 3oure faith fayland. 1538 Starkey England 1. iv. 119 The ordur of our law also in the punnyschment of theft, .faylyth much from gud cyvylyte. 1590 Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons 17 b, If. .Mosquettiers in taking their sights, doo faile but the lengthe of a wheate corne in the height of their point. + b. trails. To miss (a mark, one’s footing, etc.). Also, To fail of. Obs. *375 Barbour Bruce in. 123 He lansyt furth delyuerly, Swa that the tothir fai^eit fete, c 1430 Syr Tryam. 1220 He faylyd of hym, hys hors he hytt. 1470-85 Malory Arthur ix. xxxv, The hors fayled footynge, and felle in the Ryuer. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. clxiii. 201 He fayled nat the Englysshe Knyght, for he strake hym. 1568 Grafton Citron . II. 338 He had thought to have lept agayne to his horse, but he fayled of the Styrop. + c. trails. To come short of; to miss, not to obtain. Also absol. Obs. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xi. 25 fie freke pat folwed my wille failled neuere blisse. 1393 I hid. C. in. 159 Gyue gold al a-boute. .to notaries pat non of hem faille. 12. intr. To be unsuccessful in an attempt or enterprise. Const, to with inf ; also in. Said of persons ; occas. of the means. 1340 Hampole/Y. Cousc. 1463 Now we fande our force, now we fail, c 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. 1646 Hipsiph. + M., He shal nat fayle The fles to wynne. 1523 Ld. Ber¬ ners Froiss. I. clxiii. 201 And thenglyshe knight thought to haue striken hym with his speare in the targe, but he fayled. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 116 Albeit he faillie in probation of the remanent exceptions. 1667 Milton P. L. vii. 139 Our envious Foe hath fail’d. 1732 Law Serious C. viu. (ed. 2)112 Poor Tradesmen that had fail’d in their business. 1775 Burke Sp. Cone. Amcr. Wks. III. 47 Conciliation fail¬ ing, no further hope of reconciliation is left. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) II. 254 They scarcely ever fail to bring out fish. 1842 Tennyson Gardener s Dan. 31 You scarce can fail to match his master- , piece. 1878 Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 60 Some occupations ! . .can be taken up by men who fail in other work. b. Of an action, design, etc. : To miscarry, not to succeed. c 1394 P. PI. Crede 98 My purpos is i-failed. c 1450 Why I can't be a nun 151 in E. E. P. (1862) 142 My techyng may not fayle. 1610 Shaks. Temp. Epil. 12 My project failes. 1874 Green Short Hist. iii. 148 A revolt which failed . .through the desertion of their head. 1883 Sir N. Lindley in Law Rep. 25 Ch. Div. 355 His action .. would fail, and he would have to pay the costs. c. Of crops, seeds, etc.: To be abortive or un¬ productive. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 414 Frute faylede all pulke }er, & heruest late also. £■ 1325 E. E. Allit.P. A. 34 So semly a sede mo^t fayly not. 1611 Bible 2 Esdras , Their seedes shall faile, through the blasting, and haile. 1657 Austen Fruit Trees 1. 48 Chuse not those [Grafts] that are very small, they commonly fayle. 1712 Mortimer J/usb. 11. ii. 9 He thinks that very few [Grains] failed. 1847 Tennyson Princ. 124 The year in which our olives fail’d. d. To fail of\ to come short of obtaining or meeting with (an object desired), or of accom¬ plishing or attaining (a purpose, etc.). Now rare exc. with gerund or vbl. sb. <71225 Ancr. R. 404 Ase pauh a mon pet heuede longe i-swunken and failede..a last, of his hure. c 1315 Shore- ham 3 Yf thou nelt naujt climme thos, Of hevene thou hest y-fayled. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xil. iii. 11495) 412 Yf she faylyth. .of the pray that she resyth to. 1470-85 Malory Arthur 11. x, He fayled of his stroke, and smote the hors neck. 1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 145 Some failed of the purposed end. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. x. 39 Fayling of his first attempt to be but like the highest in heaven. 1713 Steele Guardian No. 17 p 7 His man never failed of bringing in his prey. 1737 Johnson Let. 12 July in Boswell , Could not fail of a favourable re¬ ception. 1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomaitia 165 She never can fail of bewitching the reader. 1844 H. Rogers Ess. 1 . ii. 83 To fail of part of the admiration due to other endowments. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 249 Mere per¬ ception does not reach being, and therefore fails of truth. 13 . To become insolvent or bankrupt. Said of individuals and of mercantile houses, banks, etc. 1682 Scarlett Exchanges 127 If that Endorser fail and be insolvent. ^ 1734 North Lives (1826) III. 291 Mills, with his auctioneering, atlasses, and projects, failed. 1796 Hull Advertiser 25 June 2/3 Twelve capital houses have failed in different parts of Italy. 1868 Bentley Wealth $ Politics 11. 81 Thirty-one banks failed in little more than three months. 14 . a. intr. To be unsuccessful in an examina¬ tion, to be ‘plucked’, b. trails, (colloqi) Of an examiner: To report (a candidate) as having failed; to ‘ pluck ’. 1884 Pall Mall G. 6 Mar. ii He ‘fails’ them all, turns to mistress, ‘ Your children are perfect idiots . IV. + 15 . trans. nonce-use. To deceive, cheat (L. fall ere). 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. xi. 46 So lively and so like that living sence it fayld. + FaiTable, a. 06 s. [f. Fail v. + -able.] Liable to fail or give way ; unreliable. 1561 Eden Arte Navig. Pref. fl iij b, Such signes are fayleable. 1576 Tydc Tarryeth no Matt in J. P. Collier Illustr. Eng. Pop. Lit. xvi. 70 It is a thing but fayleable and vayne. 1649 Blithe Eng. Improv. Impr . (1653) 12 9 This [plan] was yet never failable to me since I found it. + Parlance. Obs. [f. as prec. + -ance. Cf. OF. faillancc.'] The quality or fact of failing ; failure, neglect, falling off; an instance of the same. In failance of: for lack of. 1612 Hayward Ann. Eliz. (Camden) 9 The fayleance wherof would eyther change or abate theyr loves. 1622 Peach am Compl. Gent. xx. (1634) 240 Such pawse..as may afforde you meanes to discern^any failance. 1667 Decay Chr. Piety Pref. 195 Disquisitions about our fail- ances and aberrations. 1674 tr. Scheffer s Lapland xxvii. 125 They use the root of a kind of moss, .or in the failance of that, the stalke of Angelica. 1686 Goad CcTest. Bodies 1. xii. 60 What else..should make the Success equiponde¬ rate with the Failance? Failed (fedd), ppl . Cl- Also 5 Sc. fail^eit, 6 Sc. faillit. ff. Fail v. + -ed b] 1 . Decayed, worn out. Chiefly, of a person: Impaired in health or vigour ; infirm. 1490 Caxton Eneydos iv. 19 A persone. .nyghe alle faylled and deed. 1496 Acc. Ld. High Treasurer (1877) 1 . 324 Ane aid fail^eit preist. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scift. II. 683 Malcome. .The kirk of Durhame foundit of stone and lyme, That faillit wes. 1816 Scott Antiq. xxv, After striking a few strokes, he. .said to his companion, ‘ I’m auld and failed now, and canna keep at it 1880 Antrim <5- Down Gloss., Failed, .in impaired health. 2 . Unsuccessful. Also, Bankrupt, insolvent. 1655 Nicholas Papers (Camden) II. 344 The late failed designe. 1869 Daily News 4 Jan.. Similar proceedings were stopped in another failed company. 1871 Ruskin Eors Clav. vii. 17 If we ever, .chance to catch nold of any failed bankers. 1889 Pall Mall G. 25 Nov. 6/2 Failed books, .were sent off to the colonies. Failer (teWai). [f. as prec. + -eh 1 .] One who fails, in senses of the vb. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. 11. 99 Fals is a faytur, a faylere of werkes. c 1690 Roxb. Ball. VII. 181 Cabbidge..of which you are no failer. 1728 in Memorabilia Domestica (1889) 12 To be paid by the party failler to the party performer. 1796 Mod. Gullivers Trav. 159 ’Tis easy! and .. Wou’d give the honest failer halcyon days. 1884 Browning Fe- rishtah (ed. 3) 143 On his sole head, failer or succeeder, Lay the blame or lit the praise. Failer, obs. f. of Failure. Faille, obs. Sc. form of Fail. Failing (ft’Wiij), vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ing 1 .] 1 . The action of the vb. Fail, in various senses; an instance of this, a failure. + For, without {any) failing = for, without fail (see Fail sbA). 1382 Wyclif Isa. v. 27 Ther is not failing ne trauailyng in hym. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vii. xxv. (1495) 241 Rotyd moysture comyth vp of the stomak. .and therof comyth .. fayllynge of teeth, c 1410 Sir Clegcs 375 He thowght with hym to speke Wythout any faylynge. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 150 This .. meltyng of the soule the prophet Dauid calleth a faylynge of the spiryte. 1577 Googe Heresbac/is Hush. iv. (1586) 185 b, {Of bees] There are sundry kinges bredde for failing. 1611 Bible Dent, xxviii. 65 The Lord shall giue thee .. failing of eyes, & sorrow of minde. 1622 R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea (1847) 127 The waight in the head and sterne by fayling of the water, began to open her plankes in the middest. 1671 J. Cosin Corr. 23 May, Your apprehension of my fail¬ ing before the Great Chapter-day. 1727 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Bankruptcy , A failing, breaking or stopping of pay¬ ment, diminishes the merchant’s credit. .When a merchant, etc., fails to appear at the exchange, etc., without apparent reason, it is called a failing of presence. 2 . A defect, fault, shortcoming, weakness. 1590 Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons 21 b, All which un- readynesses, and failings. 1612 Brinsley Lud. Lit. 179 My selfe to supplie their wants and faylings. 1651 Baxter Inf. Bapt. 94 Not aggravating failings, but hoping all things. 1770G0LDSM. Dcs. Vill. 164 E’en his failings lean’d to Virtue’s side. 1843 Prescott Mexico vn. v. (1864) 459 His bigotry, the failing of the age. 1876 J. H. Newman Hist.Sk. I. 11. iv. 257 Want of firmness has been repeatedly mentioned as his [Cicero’s] principal failing. Failing (fci'liq), ppl. a. Also 4 failand, faylande, Sc. fal3eand. [f. as prec. + -ING -.] 1 . That fails, in the senses of the vb. a 1300 Cursor M. 28844 'Cottd Failand frute comis o fiat tan. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints , Andreas 961 Fore fiis joy fal^eand fiu Ay-lestand joy has chosine nov. 1435 Misyn Fire of Loue (E.E.T.S.) 9 pingis transitory & faylynge. 1667 Milton P. L. ix. 404 ()..much failing, hapless Eve. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (18401 II. xiv. 293 My never-failing old pilot .. had a pistol. 1879 Froude Ceesar xiv. 204 Axes.. of soft iron, fair to the eye and failing to the stroke. 1885 Law Times' Rep. LII. 648/2 Plowright was .. in failing health. + 2 . Astron. Of a planet: Remote from some fixed point. Obs. c 1391 Chaucer Astrol. 11. § 4 If [a planet] passe the bondes of thise forseide spaces, a-boue or by-nethe. .they sein fiat the planete is failling fro the assendent. Hence Fai'lingly adv., Fai lingness. 1631 Celestina iv. 49 That failingnesse of force and of strength. 1847 Craig, Failingly , by failing. 1880 M. Crom • mf.lin Black Abbey I. xii. 163 The poor Tom-boy. .struggled, failingly, to join in Hector's ever-manlier pursuits. Failing (fr l ’lii } \prcp. [The pr. pple. of Fail v., used either with intrans. sense in concord with the following sb. or pron. {failing this —‘if this fail ’), or in trans. sense with the sb. etc. as object {failing this = • if one fail this *).] In default of. 1810 H. T. Colebrooke 2 Treat. Hindu Law Inker. 225 In default cf these, the heritage goes to the son of the.. aunt. Or, failing him, it passes, etc. 1818 Wordsworth in Wks. 1876 I. 241 Many must have opportunities of knowing him ; or failing that intimate knowledge, we require, etc. 1843 Carlyle Past Present 92 Failing all else, what gossip about one another. 1859 Dasent Pop. Tales Norse Introd. p. xiv, By clinging, .to some king or hero, .or, fail¬ ing that, to some squire’s family. Faille (fay, GU). Also 6 faile or fayle. [a. F .faille in same senses.] + 1 . A kind of head-dress. Obs. 1530 Palsgr. 218/2 Fayle, an upparmost garment of a woman. 1694 Earl Perth Lett. (Camden) 30 A faille .. is a great scarf of tafita for the best, and of worsted for others. 2 . A light kind of ribbed silk fabric. Faillefrattfaise has a larger rib than faille proper, being thus intermediate between this and ‘ottoman’. Recently the term wool faille has been applied to a kind of ‘ terry ’. 1869 Le Follct , Feb., Faille is very fashionable for long dress. 1878 9 A. Harlow Weaving 396 The most important of these manufactures comprise.. * Failles ’, black. 1887 Yng. Ladies Jrnl. XXX. 122 The bonnet is of cream faille. 1888 Beau Beils Weekly 13 Jan., The train is in full folds of yellow tulle over yellow faille. 1889 Daily News 24 July 5/5 The finest and softest corded silk, of the sort known technically as faille frat^aise. Faille(n, failly, faillie, obs. ff. of Fail. Failure (GHitu). Also 7 failer, fayler, fai- lour, faileur, failler, fail}our, faylor. [First in 17 th c. in form failer, a. AF. failer , for Y.faillir to Fail ; see quot. 1641, and cf. law terms like cesser, trover. Subsequently the ending was vari¬ ously confused with the suffixes -ok, -ouu, -ure, but the original form did not become obso¬ lete until the end of the century.] The fact of failing. 1 . A failing to occur, be performed, or be pro¬ duced ; an omitting to perform something due or required ; default. [1641 Termes de la Ley 154 Failer de Record est quant iwi Action est port envers un, & le defendant plede [etc.] ..Donques il est dit pur failer de son Record.] 1643 Prynne Sov. Power Pari. 1. (ed. 2) 53 There would ne¬ cessarily follow .. a fayler of Justice in the highest Court of Justice. 1645 Pagitt Heresiogr. (1661) 307 Consecrated here in London by the Reverend Fathers of this Church, through failer of a Bishop surviving in that. 1648 Fair¬ fax Remonstrance 31 How easie it is to finde, or pretend a failer of full performance. 1652 Heylin Cosmogr. .. On the failer [ed. 1682 faileur] of his Line. 1673 Essex Papers (Camden) I. 65 Haveinge all Titular Arch Bp s .. comd bou. c 1300 A'. Alt's. 7597 Haveth now non heorte feynte ! c 1320 Sir Beues 1575 Ase he was mad & feint To Iesu Crist he made is pleint. 1414 Brampton Penit.Ps. cxvi (Percy Soc.) 44 Myn herte is falsie], feynt, and drye. c 1489 Cax- ton Sonnes of Aymon viii. 184 Thoughe ye shold abyde behynde as weke men and feynte. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon lii. 177 Thou arte of a faynte corage. <*1593 H. Smith IVks. (1867) II. 219 The faint spies that went to the land of Canaan. 1627 May Lucan hi. (1635) 103 To send thee civill wars Having so faint a chiefe. 1702 Rowe Tamerl. 1. i, His Party..soon grew faint. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 689 Faint heart never yet raised atrophy. absol. 1814 Byron Lara 11. x, The fierce that vanquish, and the faint that yield. 1870 Bryant Iliad I. iv. 120 He made the faint of spirit take their place. b. Proverb. 1569 W. Elderton Ballad , Brittains Ida v. i, Faint heart ne’er won fair lady. 1624 Massinger Pari. Love 11. iii, All hell’s plagues light on the proverb That says ‘ Faint heart’—! But it is stale. 4 . Wanting in strength or vigour, t a. Of per¬ sons or animals, their faculties or condition; also (rarely) of material agents : Weak, feeble ; sickly, out of condition. Obs. c 1350 Will. Palerne 785 Febul wax he & faynt. 1399 Langl. Rich. Redeles hi. 88 With many flfair ffowle, l>ey ffeynte were, c 1420 Pallad. on Husb . in. 288 In bigger bowes fele, and fainter fevve Brannches doo traile. 1513 Douglas AEneis vii. viii. 74 Thi vile unveildy age, Ourset with hasart hair and faynt dotage. 1535 Coverdale Ps. cxlii[i]. 7 My sprete waxeth faynte. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 143 Barley strawe. .is fownde. .not altogeather soe faint as haver strawe. 1653 Walton Angler 130 If I catch a Trout in one Meadow, he shall be white and faint. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, in. 204 If the Sire be faint, or out of Case. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. in. 36 Where the scantiest or faintest Land-winds are found. 1764 Harmer Observ. iv. iv. 142 A very slow faint fire. b. Of actions, wishes, purposes : Half-hearted, languid, feeble. 1596 Spenser F. Q. iv. vi. 24 Turning feare to faint deuo- tion. 1630 in Picton L'pool Mimic Rec. (1883) I. 158 Many disorders growen. .through, .faint execucon of those lawes. 1640 Habington Edw. IV. 183 The King, .dismist the Em¬ bassadors with some faint comfort. 1728 Veneer Sin¬ cere Penitent Pref. 4 A faint, .progress in. .religion. 1735 Pope Prol. Sat. 201 Damn with faint praise, assent with civil leer. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 581 A faint show of opposition from one or two peers. 1863 Fr. A. Kemble Res id. Georgia 37 And found there had been some faint attempt at sweeping. 5 . Producing a feeble impression on the senses or the mind ; dim, indistinct, hardly perceptible: a. of light, sound, odour. 1660 Boyle New Exp. Phys. Meek. 270 The sound grew fainter and fainter. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 84 By. .Turpen¬ tine, &c. all those reflections are made more faint. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey) s.v. Vision , Faint Vision is when a few Rays make up one Pencil, and tho' this may be dis¬ tinct, yet it is obscure and dark. 1784 Cowper Task v. 59 Diligent to catch the first faint gleam Of smiling day. 1818 Shelley Rosalind 1015 The summer wind faint odours brought From mountain flowers, a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) I. 96 Echo shrinks, as if afraid Of the faint murmur she has made. 1868 Lockyer Elem. Astron. i. (1879) 10 A star of the sixth magnitude is. .the faintest visible to the naked eye. b. of a colour. 1552 Huloet, Faynte and vnperfite coloure, dilutus color . 1665 Hooke Microgr. 74 All manner of Blues, from the faintest to the deepest. 1716 Lond. Gaz. No. 5468/4 Stolen . .a Faint Bay Horse. 1730 Thomson Summer 1317 (1746) From her naked limbs of glowing white, In folds loose- floating fell the fainter lawn. 1816 J. Smith Panorama Sc. 4- Art II. 724 The faintest part of the picture. 1872 Bryant Little People of Snow in She saw a little crea¬ ture. .With, .faint blue eyes. c. Of markings, etc. Applied spec, to the lines of a pale blue or neutral tint ruled on paper as a guide for handwriting. Hence quasi-#afo. in ruledfaint . d. of objects of mental perception, e.g. resem¬ blance, probability, etc. Also of conceptions or representations : ‘ Pale ’ or feeble compared with the reality. 1727 Swift Gulliver 11. viii. 166 Some faint hopes of relief. 1751 Jortin Serm. (1771) II. xvii. 333 The faint remem¬ brance of the word of God. 1772 Priestley Inst. Relig. (1782) II. 113 We forma faint idea of [it]. 1834 Pringle Afr. Sk. x.338 Such is a faint picture of the state of things. 1884 Manc/i. Exam, it June 5/3 There is not the faintest chance that letc.]. absol. 1840 Browning Sordello v. 417 Some first fact I’ the faint of time. 6. Feeble through inanition, fear, or exhaus¬ tion; inclined to ‘faint’ or swoon. Const, t of with. c 1320 R. Brunne Medit. 509 pey bro3t hym to pylate, he stode ful feynt. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 332 He ys hope paal & feynt. 1430 I.ydg. Chron. Troy t. ix, Which of laboure were ful mate and feynt. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes 0/Aymon ix. 249 Guycharde. .was feynte and felle doun to the erthe. 1704 F. Fuller Med. Gymn. (1711) 30 When a Man. .rises first from his sick Bed.. he quickly grows faint. 1837 Major Richardson/)?-//. Legion 11. (ed. 21 291 He was exceedingly .. faint with the bruises he had received. 1867 Dickens Lett. (1880 II 272, I was taken so faint afterwards. transf. 1548 Hall Chron. 230 b, Knowyng his treasorie . .to bee so voyde and faint. III. 7 . Producing faintness ; sickly; f having a sickly smell. Of the atmosphere : Oppressive. 1525 Lr>. Bf.rners Froiss. II. clxxvii. [clxxiii ] 530 The wether was so faynt. 1622 Fletcher Beggar's Bush in. i, The white Cony skin Though it be faint tis faire to the eye. 1673 Temple Observ. United Prov. Wks. 1731 I. 46 Warm faint Air turns in a Night to a sharp Frost. 1712 W. Rogers Voy. 182 The Weather was very wet, hot and faint. 1864 Sala in Daily Tel. 16 Aug., I wish La Villa Ricca de Vera Cruz had not quite so faint a smell. 1870 Hawthorne Eng. Note-bks. (1879) II. 345 The atmosphere was a little faint and sickish. IV. Comb. 8. a. with adjs. of colour, as faint-blue , - green , etc. b. parasynthetic, as faint- breathed, fitted , - lipped , - voiced , etc. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. ii. 11. Babylon 301 The faint-breath’d children Cry often Bek. 1682 Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. 9 Persons, .but pale in goodness, and faint hued in integrity. 1820 Keats Hyperion 111. 19 Faint-lipped shells. 1832 Tennyson Mariana in S. 5 A faint-blue ridge upon the right. 1844 Ld. Houghton Palm Leaves 138 Purple and faint-green relics of the day. 1871 E. F. Burr Ad Fidem xiv. 284 Difficulties become faint-voiced. 9 . quasi-ac/a. with ppl. adjs., as faint-gleaming, -glimmering, -heard, -lit, -warbled, etc. 1727-46 Thomson Summer 48 The meek-ey'd morn ap¬ pears .. faint-gleaming in the dappled east. 1728-46 — Spring 585 The long-forgotten Strain, At first faint-warbled. 1729 Savage Wanderer \ 11. 12 The Stars .. faintglimm’ring with remains of day. 1866 Howells Venet. Life xvii. 260 Faint-heard refrains. 1867 R. Lytton Chron. <$• Char., The faint-lit cold-wall’d corridors. Faint (f^nt), v. Forms: 4-5 feinte, 4-6 faynt(e, (6 fayncte), feynt(e, 5- faint, [f. Faint a .; cf. the rare OF. feintir= sense 1.] 1 . intr. To lose heart or courage, be afraid, be¬ come depressed, give way, flag. Now only arch. after Biblical uses. c 1350 Will. Palerne 3638 For here fon gun feynte & felde were manye. a 1400 A dam Davy's Dreams 118 A voice me bede I ne shulde noujth feinte. 1526 Tindale 2 Cor. iv. 1 As mercy is come on us we fayncte not. 1548 Hall Chron. 59 b, The straunger so faced the Englishman, that he faynted in hys sute. 1653 Hoi.croft Procopius 11. 41 The soldiers blamed each other for fainting. 1701 Steele Chr . Hero iii. 62 His great heart, instead of fainting and subsid¬ ing, rose and biggen’d. 1722 Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) I. iii. 187 He was despised by many; yet he fainted not. 1827 Keble Chr. V. 24th Sund. after Trin., Why should we faint and fear to live alone. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) II. 478 Answer and faint not. 2 . To become faint, grow weak or feeble, decline. Const, in, of. Ohs. exc. poet. C1400 Destr. Troy 13918 All feblit }> e freike, fainted of strenght. c 1450 Crt. cf Love 460 All her ymage paynte In the remembraunce till thow begynne to faynte. 1530 Ras- tell Bk. Purgat. 11. xviii, The understandynge begynnyth to faynt. 1568 Jacob <$• Esau 1. i. 31 in Hazl. Dodsley (1874) II. 190 Sometimes Esau’s self will faint for drink and meat. 1623 Bingham Xenophon 45 If they perceiue, that you faint in courage. 1697 Dryden Virg. AEneid ix. 473 The Fires were fainting there. 1820 Shelley CEdipus 11. i. 56 Loading the morning winds until they faint With living fragrance. 1866 B. Taylor Poems, Odalisque, The day, through shadowy arches fainting. f b. To fall short. Obs. rare. 1623 Bingham Lepsius' Comparison 3 It fainteth or straieth from the marke, if you aime further off. 3 . To fall into a swoon. Also with away. c 1400 Destr. Troy 3550 He .. fainted for febull, and felle to \>e ground In a swyme. c 1440 York Myst. xlv. 95 Caste some watir vppon me, I faynte ! i6ooShaks. A. V. L. iv. iii. 149 And now he fainted, And cride in fainting vpon Rosalinde. 1668 Etheredge She Would if She Could iv. i, Oh, I shall faint! 1703 Maundrell Journ. ferns. (1732) 107 Where Christ fainted thrice, under the weight of his Cross. 1742 Wesley Jml. 18 Jan., As soon as she rose from prayer, she fainted away. 1847 Grotf. Greece 11. lii. (1862) IV. 421 He fainted away and fell back. 1880 Ouida Moths I. 16 She could have fainted. b. To droop, sink into. lit. and fig. rare. 1712-4 Pope Rape Lock iv. 34 There Affectation .. Faints into airs, and languishes with pride. 1821 Keats Lamia 130 A flower That faints into itself at evening hour. 4 . To lose colour or brightness ; to fade, die away. Const, into. Now rare. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Troy 11. xvii, Coloures that mayneuer faynte. 1594 Plat Jewell-ho. iii. 66 The Wines doe .. be- ginne to faile or faint. 1675 A. Browne A rs Pictoria 90 The next [grounds], .as they loose in their distance must.. faint, .in their colours. 1708 H. Philips Cyder 11. 67 Un- skill’d to tell Or where one colour rises or one faints. 1711 Pope Let. H. Cromwell 12 Nov., Those .. figures in the gilded clouds which while we gaze long upon .. the whole faints before the eye, and decays into confusion. 1873 Miss Thackeray Old Kensington xv. 124 The draperies hang fainting and turning grey and brown. 1890 W. C. Russell Ocean Tragedy III. xxxii. 193 The sky had fainted into a sickly hectic. b. nonce-use . To grow dull or insensible to. 1669 Penn No Cross Wks. 1782 II. 93 We fainted to that pleasure and delight we once loved. 5 . trans. To make faint or weak, depress, en¬ feeble, weaken. Rare in mod. use. Also impers. It faints me. c 1386 Chaucer Man of Lazo's T. 828 O luxurie .. thou feyntest mannes mynde. c 1400 Destr. Troy 11162 J>urgh failyng of fode. .fainttes )?e pepull. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. in. 1090 Ffele I have seyn thair dammes feynt or quelle. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas, xix. xiii, Doth he not knowe how your hert is faynted? 1581 Mulcaster Positions iv. (1887) 22 Neither faint it [the body] with heat, nor freese it with cold. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII n. iii. 103 It faints me To thinke what followes. 1614 T. Adams in Spurgeon Treas. Daz>. Ps. xxxv. 3 Deferred hope faints the heart. <11657 Loveday Lett. (1662) 195 It., faints my industry. 1755 Guthrie Christians Gt. Interest (1667) 113 This seriousness breaketh the man’s heart, and fainteth the stoutness of it. 1858 Mrs. Oliphant Laird of Norlazo III. 175 Too much joy almost fainted the heart of the Mistress. 1871 R. Ellis Catullus lxiv. 216 Son, whom needs it faints me to launch full-tided on hazards. f b. To make less, diminish. Obs. rare. 1599 Marston Sco. Villanie 111. viii. 212 With incensing touch To faint his force. Faint-draw (frmqdrg), v. [f. Faint a. + Draw ».] trans. To draw or delineate lightly. 1728 Savage Bastard 33 You had faint-drawn me with a form alone. Fainted (fronted), ppl. a. [f. Faint v. + -ed 1 .] + a. Rendered cowardly or timid. + b. Become weak or exhausted, c. Fallen into a swoon {rare). c 1500 Melusine 140 By one only Cowarde & feynted herte is sometyme lefte & loste al a hoole werke. a 1533 Ld. Ber¬ ners Huon liii. 180 A ! false faynted hert. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 124 Why doth none of his gallant nobles re¬ vive the faynted courage of their Lorde with a new cuppe? 1642 Milton Apol. Smcct. (1851) 296 So reviving to the fainted Common-wealth. 1847 Eraser's Mag. XXXVI. 32 There she lies, not fainted, .but like a somnambule. + Fai’nten, v. Obs. rare* 1 , [f. Faint#. + -en 6.] trails. To make faint, depress, dispirit. 1612-5 Bp. Hall ContemptN. T. 11. i, Thou wilt not be . .absent, .so long as to fainten the heart. Fainter (f^’ntai). [f. Faint v. + -er l.] One who faints or gives way. 1826 Scott JVoodst. xxxiii, The soldiers chosen for this service should be. .no fainters in spirit. t Farntful, a. Obs. [f. Faint sb. or v. + -ful.] Ready to faint; causing or indicating faintness. 1589 Fleming Virg. Georg, iii. 18 Faintfull and like to die. 1590 Greene Orl. Fur. (1861) 98 Let them stream along my faintfull looks. 1594 Lodge Wounds Civ. War v. in Hazl Dodsley VII. 195, I feel the faintful dews of death. Faint-heart (fl 7i nthait), sb. and a. [f. Faint a. + Heart.] A. sb. + 1 . The fact or condition of having a faint heart; want of spirit. Obs. 1580 North Plutarch (1676) 760 They [men] .. through faint-heart, and lack of courage, do change their first mind. 2 . One who has a faint heart; a coward. 1870 Daily Nezos 16 Nov., ‘You are all fainthearts, not Frenchmen.* B. adj. Faint-hearted,timid, spiritless, cowardly. 1590 Marlowe -2nd Pt. Tamburl. in. ii, That coward faint-heart runaway. 1596 Spenser F. Q. iv. x. 17 Cowards .. And faint-heart fooles. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. 11 . 111. 501 O faint-heart thief of love. Faint-hearted (febnthauted), [f- as prec. + -ED -.] Having a faint heart; wanting energy, courage, or will to carry a thing through ; timid, cowardly. Also absol. c 1440 Promp. Parz>. 153 Feynt hertyd, vecors. 1535 Coverdale 1 Sam. xiii. 7 All the people were fayntharted after him. 1631 Gouge God's A?-rozos v. xi. 421 A few white- liverd, faint-hearted souldiers. 1723 De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 17, I find you are faint-hearted, and unfit for our trade. 1843 Bethune Sc. Fireside Stor. 54 Young fellows like you, are sometimes faint-hearted. 1871 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xviii. 145 A fainthearted, .faction soon began to show itself among those of higher degree. absol. a 1600 Hooker Eccl. Pol. (1617)746 The punish¬ ment threatened.. to the fearful and faint-hearted. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, Goethe Wks. (Bohn) I. 395 The dis¬ advantages of any epoch exist only to the faint-hearted. Hence Fai nt-hea rtedly adv., in a fainthearted manner. Fai nt-hea rtedness, the quality or state of being fainthearted ; timidity, cowardice. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Er. Tong, Laschcment. .faint hartedly. Ibid.,Couardise . .fainthartednesse. 1605 Bp. Hall Medit. SS8 Phaer VEneid vi. 361 The feble mone doth giue sometime a faynting light. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 76 The Senate, whom I perceived in manner fainting and wearie. 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI, 11. v. 40 That I may kindly giue one fainting kisse. 1708 Edm. Smith To Mem. of J. Philips in Anderson B. P. VI. 618 The fainting Dutch re¬ motely fire. 1771 Mrs. Griffith tr. Viand's Shi/nureck 201 Yes, O Yes ! she replied in an almost fainting tone. 1771 Hull Sir IV. Harrington (1797) IV. 162 We had such trembling and almost fainting doings. 1818 Shelley Lett . 10 July, Translating into my fainting and inefficient periods, the divine eloquence of Plato's Symposium. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 239 His eloquence roused the fainting courage of his brethren. Faintingly (fe'mtiijli), adv. [f. prec. + -ly 2 .] In a fainting manner ; f feebly, + faint-heartedly ; like one who is fainting. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 41 This letter is not onely lamentably indited, but also faintingly invented. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 11. (1625) 108 And albeit he was. .like¬ liest of all other to attaine the victory, yet.. he faint¬ ingly withdrew. 1635 Swan Spec. M. ix. § 1 (1643) 470 His many knocks cause him faintingly to fall. 1839 Lady Lytton Cheveley (ed. 2) I. vii. 135 Mademoiselle began to. .incline her head faintingly towards his shoulder. 1844 Ld. Houghton Mem. Many Scenes , Dream i?i Gondola 96 A deft canoe .. Faintingly rocked within a lone¬ some cove. + Farntingness. Obs. [f. as prec. + -ness.] =Faintness. r634-5 Brereton Trav. (1844) 126 Save only a faintingness when I came on shore. fFarntise. Obs. Forms: 3-5 feint-, feynt-, -ise, -yce, -yse, (4 fentesye, 5 feyntyse), 4-5 faint-, fant-, faynt-, -es(e, -is(e, -ys(e, (4 Sc. fayntiee, 5 fentyse). [a. OF. faint ise, feintise (mod.F. feintise') — Pr. feintesa, f. faint, feint feigned, sluggish, cowardly : see Faint a.~\ 1 . Deceit, dissimulation, hypocrisy, pretence. 1340 Ayenb. 26 Hit wes al fayntise and ypocrisie. c 1400 Destr. Troy 594 Ere he fayne any faintes. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 217 The kyng. .dysposed hym to receyue baptym .. without fayntyse. 2 . Feebleness, weakness (of body or mind); want of energy, cowardice. Cf. Faintness. With¬ out faintise : without flagging or flinching. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 39 Muche J?ing, J>at ys eldore loren j?orw feyntyse .. he wann se}?J?e a 3eyn. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 176 Philip withouten fayntise did alle his trauaile. a 1400 Pol. Rel. <$• L. Poems 246 For feyntyce fel j?at fayre fode, Nakyd he bar J?at hard rode To-waicl caluery. c 1470 Harding Chron. lxxxi. viii, Thei faught without feyntise. Faintish. (f? i# ntij), a. [f. Faint a. + -ish.] 1 . J* a. Rather weak or feeble. Obs. b. Affected with a feeling somewhat like that of fainting. Also of the feeling itself. 1667 H. Stubbe in Phil. Trans. II. 501 Neither does all that sweat make us faintish. 1683 Tryon IVay to Health 82 Those Cattel that feed on Grass are weak and faintish in comparison of those, .fed with Hay and Corn. 1767 Gooch Treat. Wounds I. 224 He continued faintish for some days. 1834 Landor Exam. Shaks. Wks. 1846 II. 267, I wax faintish at the big squat man. 1848 J. H. Newman Loss ty Gain in. ii. (i 853> 2 88 Charles had a faintish feeling come over him. 1856 Lever Martins of Cro'M. 128 A qualm of faintish sick¬ ness. 2 . Rather indistinct, hardly perceptible. 1712 Nereides 35 The Water-Lillies are a faintish sweet. 1713 Rowe Jane Shore v. i, Upon her Cheek a faintish Flush was spread. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) V. i. 4 Then in a faintish, but angry voice, ‘ begone from my door'. 1767 Ehret in Phil. Trans. LVII. 114 The young leaves, .are of a faintish green. 1866 Carlyle E. Ir-ving in Remin. (1881) 268 To the Louvre, .got rather faintish good of the pictures there. Faintishness (fi?‘'ntijhes). [f. prec. + -ness.] The state or condition of being or feeling faintish ; a slight tendency to faint. 1733 Arbuthnot On Air iii. § vii. 48 The sensation of faintishness and debility. 1789 W. Buchan Dom. Med. (ed. 11) 221 When, .faintishness. .render[s] cordials neces¬ sary, we would recommend good wine. 1816 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 575, I felt myself assailed by a kind of faintish¬ ness. 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle( 1859) 206 While faintish¬ ness encreased so that I could hardly speak. Faintive, a. rare- 1 , [f. Faint v. + -ive.] Ready to faint; languid. a 1813 A. Wilson Disconsolate Wren Poet. Wks. (1846) 96 She poured out her mane, Sae faintive, sae plaintive. Fai'ntless, a. [f. Faint sb. + -less.] Exempt from fainting; unflagging. 1593-4 Sylvester Profit of Imprisonment 323 By faintless exercise faire Vertue to maintaine. 1664 Pepys Diary (1879) III. 96 Cramp be thou faintless. VOL. IV. + Faintling, sb. and a. Obs. [f. as prec. + -ling.] A. sb. One who is faint or faint-hearted. B. adj. Faint-hearted. 1614 C. B. Ghost of Rich. Ill , Such fayntlings never yet were prest with coyne. 1712 Arbuthnot John Bull (1752) 82 Thou art such a faintling, silly creature. t Farntly, a . Obs. [f. Faint a . + -ly k] --= Faint in various senses. 1712 W. Rogers Voy. (1718) 267 It being but a faintly food. 1771 J. Foot Pcnseroso 11. 69 Hence the spring Emits a faintly blush. Faintly (f^-ntli), adv. [f. as prec. + -ly 2 .] 11 . Feignedly, by way of feint or pretence, de¬ ceitfully. Obs. C1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1725) 152 Gode acord to make, forso)>e fulle fayntlie. c 1400 Cato's Morals 16 in Cursor M. App. iv, Fainteli for to speke.. is falsid and blame. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccxxi. 287 Some men of armes passed after fayntly. 1548 Hall Chron. 241 Countryes .. by hym stollen and faintly conquered. 1741 Middleton Cicero I.v. 365 Gabinius.. was forced to.. fight for Pompey at first faintly [L. simulate ] and unwillingly, but at last heartily. f 2 . In a spiritless manner, like a coward ; timidly. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls') 10596 Hii fou^te feinteliche, 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 491 What he bygynnej? fresche- liche, he forsake)? hit feyntliche as a womman. c 1400 Melayne 1419, I fro this grete Iournee Fayntly fledde a way. 1580 Baret Alv. W 341 Womanishlie, faintlie, fearefullie, muliebriter. 1643 Denham Coopers H. 285 He faintly now declines the fatal strife. 3 . In a weak, feeble, or languid manner ; feebly. C1320 R. Brunne Medit. 572 Crystgoj? krokedly J?ysheuy cros vndyr. And feyntly hyt here)?, c 1380 Wyclif Serin. Sel. Wks. I. 180 pus moun we se how feyntli we serve to Crist, c 1430 SyrGener. (Roxb.) 1617 Wei feyntlie she felt hir stere. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 155 b, Perfec- cyon, whiche they slowly & weykly or fayntly desyre. 1632 J. Hayward tr. Biondis Eromena 29 Faintly kissing him, she breathed out her life. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 1. 16 The tide pressing against the stream, tho faintly. 1781 Gibbon Decl. <$• F. II. xli. 504 Their valiant promise was faintly supported in the hour of battle. 1861 Athenaeum 29 June 854 Cavour faintly smiled. + b. With hesitation, not actively or energeti¬ cally, coldly, half-heartedly. Obs. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 153 Feyntly, segnitcr. 1488 Caxton Chast. Goddes Chyld. 13 Though I wyll but fayntly..my wylle is to wylle perfyghtly. 1548 Hall Chron. 177 They set forward the king, and. .brought him to London, .where he was fayntly receyved, and febly welcomed. 1627 May Lucan iii. (1635) 356 Brothers faintly would 'gainst brothers fight. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 468 P3 To praise faintly the good Qualities of those below them. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters III. 180 Having but Mayow. .faintly on my side. 4 . In a faint or almost imperceptible degree ; very slightly; in faint tones ; without vividness or distinctness. 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. v. 24 An arrow, .fayntly fluttering. 1595 Shaks. John iv. ii. 227, I faintly broke with thee of Arthurs death. 1695 Blackmore Pr. Arth. iii. 706 Some.. faintly Blue. 1708 J. Philips Cyder ii, The cowslip posies, faintly sweet. 1781 Gibbon Decl.$ F. III. 149 The wide and stony beds, whose centre was faintly marked by the course of a shallow stream. 1800 tr. Lagrange's Chem. I. 420 This salt detonates faintly. 1849 Mrs. Somerville Connex. Phys. Sc. xxxvii. 436 Faintly visible to the naked eye. 1892 Law 7 Yw£sXCIII. 459/1 The notice of objection is not signed by any elector, but is stamped faintly with a stamp signifying that 4 Richard Mason ' is the objector, f b. Hardly, scarcely. Obs. 1529 Supplic. to King 50 Doo not these thinges fayntely agree with the sayenge of.. Paule the Apostle. 1634 M assin- ger Very Woman 11. ii. We have but faintly yet begun our journey. 1636 — Bashful Lover iii. iii, My enemy—I can faintly call him so. Faintness (fno 7 is Exod. 566 iGr.) Sennas stodon on fa^erne sweg. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. A. 46 A fayr reflayr 3d fro hit flot. f 3 . Desirable, reputable. Obs. c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 144 Ffeyre hit is to haue a son. c 1386 Chaucer Prol. 212 (Harl. MS.) He hadde i-made many a faire manage. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xxn. 28-9 To be cald a knyght is fair .. To be cald a kyng is fairour. 1650 Fuller Pisgah iv. vii. 134 His two sons who slew him, got exile, .too fair a reward for so foul a Patricide. 2676 Etheredge Ma 7 i of Mode 11. ii, E’ne let him go, a fair riddance. b. Of an amount, an estate, fortune, etc. : Con¬ siderable, ‘ handsome ’, liberal. a 1240 Ureiswi in Cott. Horn. 199 pu schalt me a ueir dol of heoueriche blisse. 164a R. Carpenter Experie?ice iv. xii. 172 The imagination , .performeth a faire deale more in the Table, than the painter. 1654 Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camden) II. 88 A faire fortune is come to our countryman Sir Chi. Wrey. 1848 Macaulay Hist. E 7 ig. II. 112 Scotland, since her sovereigns had succeeded to a fairer inheritance, had been independent only in name. 1859 Jephson Britta)iy xviii. 289 Giles, to whom a fair heritage was no less agreeable than a fair wife. 14 . Of language, diction : Elegant. Hence fair speaker. Obs. c 1380 Antecrist in Todd 3 Treat. Wyclif 141 If hise [antichrist’s] clerkis cunne speke fayre latyne. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xv. lxviii. (1495) 514 Men of Grecia were fayr and moost grete spekers. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. ix. Prol. 10 To tret a matere in fare Dyte. <1440 Pro? 7 ip. Pan'. 146 Fayre spekar, orator. 1477 Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 145 It was .. translated into right good and fayr englissh. 5 . Of external manifestations, words, promises : Attractive or pleasing at the first sight or hearing ; specious, plausible, flattering. a 1000 Cxd)no)i s Gen. 899 (Gr. ) Me naedre beswac .. purh faejir word. <11200 Vices <$- Virtues (1888) 11 Ic habbe beswiken min emcristen mid faire wordes. a 1300 Cursor M. 24824 (Cott.) Wit hightes fair he wan pair will. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. 11. 23 Fauuel with feir speche hap brou3t hem to-gedere. <-1400 La?ifra?ic s Cirurg. 173 He mote be war pat faire biheste ne veyn glorie ne coveitise ne bigile him not. X473 Warkw. Chron. 7 By fayre speche. .the Kynge scaped oute of the Bisshoppys handes. 1538 Starkey England \\. ii. 191 By hys dyssymulatyon and Fare wordys [he] was interteynyd in a long sute. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 17 A fayre speaker, and a deepe dissembler. 1611 Bible Gal. vi. 12 Many, .desire to make a faire shew in the flesh. 1653 H. More Antid. Ath. in. ix. (1712) 115 A fair Tale was made to the Pastor of the Parish. 1695 Congreve Lvoefor Love iv. xiii, After all your fair speeches .. and kissing, and hugging. 1873 Burton Hist. Scot. V. lvi. 125 He has fallen away from all his fair promises. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 604 The Sophists have plenty of brave words and fair devices. b. Proverbs. 1471 [see Fain a. 1 b]. c 1572 Gascoigne Fruites Warre Wks. 154 Fayre wordes make fooles fayne. 1593 Drayton Idea lix, 4 Fair words make fools’, replieth he again. 1676 Wycherley PI. Dealer v. iii, Fair words butter no cabbage. II. 0 . Of complexion and hair: Light as op¬ posed to dark. App. not of very early origin. In the context of our first quot. ‘ brown ’ and ‘ foul ’ are treated as equivalent. 1551 T. Wilson Logike (1580) 34 b, I shall marrie a faire woman..a browne woman. 1554 J. Wallis in Songs <$• Ball. (Roxb. i860) 146 [Women are] Fearare than the flower delyce, Ruddye as the rose. 1604 Shaks. Oth. 1. iii. 291 Your Son-in-law is farre more Faire then Blacke. a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 392 Negroes have their beau¬ ties as well as fair folk. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. x. 58 Are Violets not sweet, because not fair? X774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) II. 232 In all regions, the children are born fair, or at least red. 1803 Med. Jrnl. X. 547 Persons who have the fairest skin. 1864 Tennyson Ayltners B\ 193 His [face]. .Sear’d by the close ecliptic, was not fair. III. Free from blemish or disfigurement. 17 . Of fruit, flesh, etc. : Sound, free from disease or specks. Obs. c 1400 La>ifranc s Cirurg. 93 pe fleisch is maad fairer pan it was tofore. c 1450 Two Cookery-bks. 83 Take faire rawe parcelly. 1669 Wori.idge Syst. Agric. (1681) 165 The fairest may be kept for Seed, as before of Carrots. 1671 Eng. Rogue IV. xi. 204 [Street cry] Fair Oranges,—Fair Lemons, ci 770 Mrs. G lasse Cotnpl. Co 7 ifectioner 6 Take the fairest and firmest pippins. 8. f a. Of things in general: Clean, unsoiled, unstained. Of paper : Not written upon, un¬ used. Obs. c 1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 39 Put hit in cofyns pat bene fayre. c 1450 I 'wo Cookery-bks. 82 Put pe pork on a faire spitte. 1552 Bk. Co771. Prayer Communion, A fayre white lynnen clothe. 1660 Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. xxxvi. (1682) 142, I took a fair glass siphon. 1703 M. Martin W. Isla 7 tds Scot. 278 They [the bones] were fair and dry. 1737 Wf.sley Wks. (1872) I. 46 A paper book ; all the leaves thereof were fair, except one. 1800 Herschel in Phil. Trmis. XC. 529 The vanes are covered with a piece of fair white paper. b. Of water: Clean, pure. Now rare, f Of colour: Clear, not cloudy. C1340 Cursor M. 20212 (Fairf.) Ho .. wasshed hir bodi in faire water, c 1440 Douce MS. 55 fol. 10 Bray hem in a morter small with feyre water. X577 B. Googe Hey-csbach’s Husb. iii. (1586) 121 Most Bnllockes .. desire a faire cleere water. 1655 Culpepper Riverius 1. xi. 42 Fair water may suffice to wash the Feet. 1663 Gerbier Counsel 108 As red as the fairest Vermilion. 1669 Sturm y Mariner s Mag. v. 65 Gun-powder of a faire Azure, .colour is very good. 1727 A. Hamilton New A cc. E. Did. II xxxvi. 43 A Dish of Rice boiled in fair Water. 1756 Burke Subl. <$• B. iii. xvii, The colours of beautiful bodies must not be dusky or muddy, but clean and fair. 1816 Scott Antiq. xxxvi, A glass of fair water. 1858 O. W. Holmes Aut. Breakf.-t. ( 1883)3 The rinsings, .spoil a draught of fair water. c. Of handwriting : Neat, clear, legible. Fair copy : a transcript free from corrections. Cf. Clean a. 3 c. See Fair-copy. 1697 Dampier Voy. (1698) I. 355 This Letter was written in a very fair hand. 1709 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 228 A fair copy of the Statutes. 1828 Colf.brooke Misc. Ess. (1873) I. 518 Let him appoint, as scribe, one .. whose hand-writing is fair, etc. 1844 Dickens Mart. Chuz. 1 , A fair copy of his draft of the catalogue. d. Phrase. Cf. Clean 3 d. 1562 J. Heywood Proz> <$■ Epigr. (1867) 64 Except hir maide shewe a fayre paire of heeles. 1630 Wadsworth Sp. Pilgr. viii. 83, I shewed them a faire paire of heeles. e. Of a line, curve, or surface: Free from rough¬ nesses or irregularities ; smooth, even. Now chiefly Naut. i486 Bk. St. Albayis D ij b, Take a tame Malarde and set hym in a fayr playn. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. 1. (1586) 42 b, The floore must be fayre and smoothe made. c 1850 Rudi? 7 i. Navig. (Weale) 117 Fair, a term to denote the evenness or regularity of a curve or line. 1888 Longf. in Scribn. Mag. III. 424 Fair surfaces have fallen into neglect nowadays, our present fancy being for. .wrinkled or blotchy surfaces. 9 . Of character, conduct, reputation: Free from moral stain, spotless, unblemished. Also in phrase to stand fair. cix r j$La 77 tb. II 077 t. 137 /Euric mon pe ledeS feir lif and clene. c 1200 Trin. Coll. II0771. 85 Manie swo ledden here lif pat te biginninge was fair, and te middel fairere, and te ende alre fairest, c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 14 Ailrik was. .a duke of faire fame. 1676 Hale Conte? 7 ipl. 1. 47 A quiet, serene, and fair Conscience, a 1704 T. Brown Two Oxford Scholars Wks. 1730 I. 6 The poor painful priest standing fair in the Opinion of the neighbourhood. 1734 Earl Oxford in Swift’s Lett. (1768) IV 64 This person .. had the fairest and most unexceptionable character. 1819 Shelley Ce 7 ici iii. i. 293 My fair fame. 1892 F. Hall in Nation (N.Y.) LV. 411/2 To the detriment of his fair fame. 10 . Of conduct, actions, arguments, methods: Free from bias, fraud, or injustice ; equitable, legi¬ timate. Hence of persons : Equitable; not taking undue advantage; disposed to concede every reason¬ able claim. Of objects : That may be legitimately aimed at; often in fair game, fig. See Fair and square, Fair trade. c 1340 Cursor M. 13837 (Trin.) po dedes to vs be not faire c 1435 Torr. Portugal 786 Were that feyer, To make an erlles sone myn Eyer? 1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. 11. 95 The fat Calfe. Whereby { in a faire parabolicall inter¬ pretation, is meant. .Christ himselfe. 1647 Sir E. Nicholas in W. Papers (Camden) I. 77 L. C. doubts not of Lo. Bruces faire dealing. 1680 Otway Oypha 7 i iii. i. 81 1 The fair Hunter’s cheated of his Prey. 1690 Locke Hu 7 n Und. in. x. (1695) 287 As fair a Man, as he. .who sells several Things under the same Name. 1748 Hartley Obsen>. Man 1 iii 278 Words which have the fairest Right to each Class 1790 FAIR. 27 FAIR. Paley Horse Paui. Rom. ii. 18 [It] is rendered a fair subject of presumption. 1816 Bentham Chrestotu. 296 In that cha¬ racter it becomes fair game for ridicule. 1839 T. Attwood Sp. in Ho. Coni. 14 June, They only ask for a fair day’s wages for a fair day’s work. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 567 The king .. would fall by fair fighting and not by murder. 1854 H. Rogers Ess. II. i. 10 The fairest of all controversial antagonists. 1870 Max Muller Sc. Relig. (1873) 150 note. It is but fair .. to state. 1885 Law Times 28 Mar. 388/2 A fair account should be given. 1886 Pall MallG. 27 Oct. 3/2 ‘ Fair houses ’, i.e. firms where the rules of the Union are followed. b. Of conditions, position, etc. : Affording an equal chance of success; not unduly favourable or adverse to either side. Phrase, A fair field and no favour. 171X Puckle Club 22 note , Supposing both box and dice fair, gamesters have the peep, eclipse, thumbing. 1771 Franklin Autobiog. Wks. 1840 I. 60, I was now on a fair footing with them. 1845 James A. Neil I. vii. 143 That would not matter if the ground were fair. 1883 E. Pennell- Elmhirst Cream Leicestersh. 202 He. .asked only for a fair field and a clear course. c. Fair play : upright conduct in a game ; equity in the conditions or opportunities afforded to a player; transf. upright conduct, equitable condi¬ tions of action generally. X 59 S Shaks. John v. i. 67 Shall we vpon the footing of our land, Send fayre-play-order.Sj and make comprimise. Ibid. v. ii. 118 According to the faire-play of the world, Let me haue audience. 1630 R. Johnson s Kingd. <$■ Commiu. A ij b, Some .. name him when they quote him ; and thats faire play. 1669 Marvell Corr. exxvi. Wks. 1872-5 II. 287 To give the fairest play to him. 1744 Berkeley Let. Tar- water § 21 Give this medicine fair play. 1824 Scott Red- gauntlet xx, Fair play's a jewel. 1844 Disraeli Coningsby iv. v, To prevent his fine manners having their fair play. 1883 C. M. Yonge Unknown to Hist, xxxvi, Fear of the future shut his eyes to all sense of justice and fair play. 11 . Expressing moderate commendation: Free from grave objection; of tolerable though not highly excellent quality; ‘ pretty good \ Of amount or degree : Adequate though not ample; * respectable \ [1795 Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 317 The course taken by the enemy often becomes a fair rule of action.] i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xviii. 133 Fair glacier work was now before us. 1870 Lubbock Orig. Civiliz. ii. (1875) 37 Very fair drawings of animals. 1873 Black Pr. Thule xxiii. 385 A pretty fair notion of what had happened. 1874 Green Short Hist. vi. 304 Edward the Sixth, was a fair scholar in both the classical languages. 1875 Hamerton Intcll. Life x. v. 388 A person in fair health. 18.. R. KirLiNG Railway Folk 56 A fair number of old soldiers. b. In school reports, marking a passable degree of excellence. 1861 V. Lushington in Working Mens Coll. Mag. 149 Power to refuse the required certificate of school-attendance, unless the school is * fair * for the purpose intended. IV. Favourable ; benign ; unobstructed. 12 . Of the weather: Favourable, not wet or stormy. Also with some notion of sense 1: Fine, bright, sunny. Now sometimes contrasted with fine, as ‘ the weather was fair, but not fine \ c 1205 Lay. 7594 Heo hsefden swiSe fair weder. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 1077 His seruands on a day fayre Bare him with oute to take |>e ayre. 1535 Coverdale Ecclus. iii. 15 Thy synnes also shall melt awaye, like as the yse in y J fayre warme wether. 1611 Bible Matt. xvi. 2 It will be faire weather : for the skie is red. a 1671 R. Bohun Disc. Wind 122 At Surat, Malabar .. and that coast of India, is the fair season till March. 1713 Berkeley Ess. Guardian v. Wks. III. 161 Fair weather is the joy of my soul. 1781 Cowper Anti-Thelypthora 71 October .. mild and fair as May. 1867 Ouida C. Castlemaine (1879) 6 The morning was fair ana cloudless. + b. Fair day , daylight = Broad day, day¬ light. c 1450 Merlin 610 It was than feire day. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cclxv. 392 It was faire day or he coude get into the right waye. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks ( 1621)308 It was yet scarce fair day, when .. the armies .. began again the battell. 1605 Shaks. Lear iv. vii. 52 Where am I ? Faire day light ? c. fig. ; esp. in phrases, + To make fair weather to, with : to curry favour with. + To make it fair with : to deal complaisantly with. c 1380 Wyclif Set. Wks. III. 365 Crist .. wolde not make it fair wij? }>es ordris. 1598 Marston Sco. Villanie 1. 139 Ixion makes faire weather vnto love. 1625 Bacon Ess., Friendship{ Arb.)i73 Frendship maketh indeed a faire Day in the Affections, from Storme and Tempests. 1687 R. L’Estrange Anszv. Diss. 5 The Roman Catholiques are making Fair Weather with the Dissenters. 1866 Crump Banking ix. 217 For fair weather the Act of 1844 works. 13 . Of the wind : Favourable to a ship’s course. + To come fair : to become favourable. c 1384 Chaucer II. Fame 1967 Of faire wyndes and eke of tempestes. 1593 Shaks. Rich. II, 11. ii. 123 The wind sits fair for news to go to Ireland. x66$ Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 386 So soon as the wind came fair aboard away we went. 1790 Beatson Nav. 4 Mil. Mem. 374 To proceed.. with the first fair wind. 1879 Beerbohm Patagonia 1 A fair wind .. soon brought us close to our destination. 14 . Giving promise of success; * likely to suc¬ ceed ’ (J.) ; likely, promising, advantageous, suit¬ able. Of a star, omen : Propitious. Phrases, t To be , seem, stand fair for , or to with inf. ; To be in a fair way ^ of to : to have a good chance of (doing, obtaining, or reaching something). 1375 Barbour Bruce .xvn. 837 To se quhethir fayr war him till To ly about the toun all still, c 1400 Destr. Troy 1119 Now fraist we before how fairest wille be. c 1550 Lloyd Treas. Health (1585) 8 Ther is no better .. nor no fayrer cure. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L . iv. i. 10 A stand where you may make the fairest shoote. 1596 — Merch. V. 11. i. 20 Your selfe .. stood as faire As any commer .. For my affec¬ tion. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 113 They.. let slip that so faire an opportunitie. a 1618 Raleigh Ess. (1650) K v, The Caliphes. .obteined . .amighty Empire, which was in faire way to have enlarged. 1642 Rogers Naaman 11 Many more .. who might seeme faire for it [the grace of God]. 1655 Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camden) II. 197 Cardinal Francisco Barbarini is belieued to stand fair to be elected pope. 1669 Baxter Call to Unconverted iv, How fair you are for everlasting salvation. 1676 Wiseman Surg. v. ix. 386, I presently looked for the jugular veins., opened the fairest, and took away, .a dozen ounces of blood. 1678 Bunyan Pilgr. 1. 29, I once was, as I thought, fair for the Coelestial City. 1683 Dryden Vind. Dk. of Guise, The firs^play I undertook was the Duke of Guise, as the fairest way. .of setting forth the rise of the late rebellion. 1757 Burke Abridgrn. Eng. Hist. Wks. 1842 II. 563 The crown, to which he had such fair pretensions. 1814 D. H. O’Brien Captiv. $ Escape 101 Being at last in ji fair way of suc¬ ceeding. c 1820 Shelley Homers Hymn to Castor 20 Fair omen of the voyage. 1822 — Trium. of Life 256 The star that ruled his doom was far too fair. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 551 A fair prospect of reaching their destination, f b. A fair day : success in battle. Obs. 1548 Hall Chron. 76 b, A famous victory and a faire daie. 1550 Crowley Way to Wealth 602 The Egiptians thought to haue had a faire day at them. 1600 Holland Livy vr. xxxii. 239 They [the Romans].. were but only in some good hope of having a fair day of their enemies. f c. To have the fairer (of) : to get the better or upper hand of. Obs. 1375 Barbour Bruce x. 77 Thair ennymyes Had all the fayrer off the fycht. c 1400 Destr. Troy 6882 pe troiens .. pe fairer of pe fyght in pe feld had. Ibid. 7990 If it falle me by fortune the feirer to haue. 15 . Of a means or procedure, and of language : Gentle, peaceable, not violent. + Of the coun¬ tenance : Benignant, kindly. + Of death: Easy, * natural ’; without violence. In fhir means the adj. can also have the sense 10, and sometimes has a mixed sense. 1340-70 Alex, Dind. 45 He wolde fare wip his folk in a faire wise To bi-holden here horn & non harm wirke. 1548 Hall Chron. 176 Determining either by force or fayre ineanes, to bring their purpose to a conclusion. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks\ 1621) 1161 With a faire countenance, and a majestie full of mildnesse .. hee .. sought to appease them. Ibid. 1332 To seduce men either by force or faire persuasion. 1659 B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 101 Ferdinand, .thought it his duty to draw, either by fair meanes or foul, all his Subjects to the Roman Catholick Religion. 1671 Milton Samson 688 Not only dost .. remit To life obscur’d, which were a fair dismission, c 1680 Hickeringill Hist. Whiggism Wks. (1716) I. 74 The Lord Treasurer Weston dyed of his fair death, flying beyond Sea. 1703 Maundrell Journ. Jems. (1732) 9 Try first by fair means. 1704 J. Logan in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. IX. 292 ,1 have used both fair and foul words. 1832 Lander Adv. Niger I. iii. 160 They., en¬ deavoured to obtain her by fair means. 16 . Free from obstacles; unobstructed, open. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 19 The waye is lyke to be fayre and drye. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 69 A faire breach for the Christians to enter. 1622 Bacon Hen. VII 12 Left faire to interpretation eyther way. 1665 Boyle Occas. Ref. Table of Contents, His horse stumbling in a very fair way. 1670 Narborough Jml. in Acc. Sez\ Late Voy.i 1711) I. 79 Keep the South-shore in fair view. 1682 Bunyan Holy Wary, They made a fair retreat. 1712 W. Rogers Voy. 49 Go out on the other side .. which I think is the fairest Outlet. 1768 J. Byron Narrative 10 The sea making a fair breach over her. 1816 J. Wilson City of Plague in. iv, Keep back .. so that each man may have A fair view of the pit. 1845 Ford Handbk. Spain 1. 12 The fairest though farthest way about is the nearest way home. 17 . Open to view, plainly to be seen, clear, dis¬ tinct. Now chiefly dial. 1577 B. Googe Heresbac/is Husb. iv. (1586) 157 b, The white .. are alwaies the fairest marke in a Hawke, or a Bussardes eie. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple 1 st. v, Fair on the face [God] wrote the index of the mind. 1665 Boyle Occas. Rtf. iv. xix. (1675) 282 The fairer and wider Marks that may be hit in many places. 1671 Grew Anat. Plants 1. ii. § 8 Although in all places of the Root they are visible, yet most fair and open about the filamentous Extremities of some Roots. 1847 Tennyson Princ. 11. 305 All her thoughts ..fair within her eyes. 1877 N. W. Line. Gloss, s.v., Lincoln Minster’s fair to see fra Barton field. 18 . Comb., chiefly parasynthetic, as , fair-anklcd, -born , - cheeked , - coloured , - complcxioned , - condi¬ tioned, -eyed, - featured, fortuned, fronted, -horned, -maned, -minded (hence fair-mindedness), - na- tured, -outsided, -reputed , - sized, -skinned, -spaced, ■speeehed, -tongued , - tressed', -visaged, -weathered, -zoned. 1875 Longf. Pandora vi, Zeus, .like a swan flies to Tair- ankled Leda ! 1830 Brewster Editt. Cycl. VII. 1. 49/2 The *fair born children of Negroes. 1870 Bryant Iliad I. 1. 9 Let the *fair-cheeked maid Embark, Chryseis. 1757 Dyer Fleece m. 154 *Fair-colour’d threads, a 1773 Ld. Lyttleton Wks. 1776. I. 189 A very pretty, *fair-com- plexioned girl. 1866 Carlyle Rcmin. 1. 139 She was of the fair-complexioned. .and comely type. 1634 Laud Wks. (i860) VII. 02 A very honest, ^fair-conditioned man. 1591 Greene Maidens Dreamt xi, *Fair-ey’d pity in his heart did dwell. 1630 Drayton Muses Elysium, Noah’s Flood 270The bull.. to the ark brings on the fair-ey'd cow. a 1845 Hood Lamia v. 30 ,1 thought This fair-eyed day would never see you from me! 1850 Mrs. Browning Poems II. 30 O *fair-featured maids. 1847 James Convict iv, I was once as prosperous and as *fair-fortuned as himself. 1830 Tennyson Clear¬ headed Friend 12 * Fair-fronted Truth shall droop not now. 1777 R. Potter Aeschylus' Supplicants 324 Does Jove, approach her in this *fair-horn’d state? 1632 Massinger & Field Fatal Dowry iv. i, I..pick my choice Of all their *fair-maned mares. 1874 Morley Compromise (1886) 187 An honest and *fair-minded man’s own instincts. ■853 Lynch Selflmprov. iv. 96 Discipline for temper and '‘fair- mindedness. 1634 Ford P. Warbeck v. ii, Young Bucking¬ ham is a *fair-natured prince. 1637 Rutherford Lett. lxxxviii. (1862) I. 227 A blasted and sunburnt flower, even this plastered, *fair-outsided world. 1795 J. Fawcett Art of War 4 In the number rank’d Of * fair-reputed callings. 1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. iv. (1889) 30 They were ^fair-sized rooms .. furnished plainly but well. 1827 G. Higgins Celtic Druids 98 The ' fair-skinned tribe of martial Germans. 1820 Keats Lamia 11. 273 Now no azure vein Wander’d on Tair-spaced temples. 1567 Drant Horace Epist. 11. i. G iv, This *fayre-speachde queare. 1805 T. Holcroft Mem. B. Perdue I. 16 Fair-speeched gentlemen as they are. 1842 Faber S/yrian Lake 345 He is a *fair- tongued knight. 1870 Bryant Iliad I. ix. 288 Angry with me for the sake Of a fair-tressed wanton. 1607 Walking- ton Optic Glass xv. (1664) 157 He was comely and y fair- visag’d. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. V Commw. 642 The Country [Brazil], .is. .*faire weathered. 1768 Life <$• Adv. Sir Barth. Sapskull I. 50 Suppose they have fair-weather’d countenances. 1725 Pope Odyss. xxm. 142 *Fair-zon’d damsels form the sprightly dance. b. Special comb. + fair-chance, some kind of game or lottery ; fair-curve (see quot.) ; fair-fash¬ ioned a., Sc. i having great appearance of discre¬ tion without the reality; having great complaisance of manner’( Jam.) ; fair-hair, Sc. = Pax(y-\vax(y ; fair-handed a., (a) + of a horse (see quot. 1614); fi) having well-formed hands ; fair-walling (see quot. 1886); fair-world, ‘a good time, state of prosperity’ (W.). 1755 Mem. Capt. P. Drake II. xi. 235 A Pharaoh Table Cards, and a *Fair Chance being ready. 1775 Ash, * Fair- curve [printed fair-carve J 1823 Crabb Technol. Diet. s.v., A Fair-Curve, in delineating ships, is a winding line whose shape is varied according to the part of the ship it is intended to describe. 1816 Scott Old Mort. v, ‘ Hegh, sirs, sae *fair-fashioned as we are ! ’ 1823 Eliza Logan St. Johnstoun II. 195 ‘Ye are aye sae fair-fashioned..there's scarce ony saying again’ ye.’ 1614 MaruHAM Cheap Husb. 6 Observe in any wise to have them [mares] *fayre- handed, that is, good head, necke, breast, and shoulders. 1728-46 Thomson Spring 528 Fair-handed Spring unbosoms every grace. 1886 S. IV. Line. Gloss., * Fair-walling, the level, smoothly-built masonry or brickwork above the roughly-built foundations, a 1674 Milton (W.), They think it was never *fair-world with them since. B. sb.z [The adj. used absol. or elliptically.~\ 1 . That which is fair (in senses of the adj.); the fair side or face ; also in phrases, By {soft and) fair : by fair means. For (foul nor) fair : for fair words or treatment. In the expressions Fair befall and the like the word admits of being taken either as sb. or adv. The advb. sense is prob. original (see Fair adv. 6 b), but cf. quot. 1423 below. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. x. 85 To turne [>e fayre outwarde. 1423 Jas. I Kingis Q. cxc, l air and lufe befall The nycht. ingale. 1456 How Wise Man taught Son 151 in Hazl. E. P. P. (1864) 175 [Be] soft and fayre men make tame Hert and buk. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour (1868) 6 A lorde wolde haue a gentille woman, bi faire or be force. 1592 Shaks. Rom. Jul. 1. iii. 90 Tis much pride For faire without, the faire within to hide. 1611 — Cymb. 1. vi. 37 Can we not Partition make. .Twixt faire, and foule? 1627-47 Feltham Resolves 429 Their blacke tongue can never spot the faire of virtue. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones xv. x, No¬ thing short of the fair and honourable, will satisfy the delicacy of their minds. 1864 Tennyson En. A ret. 529 After, .frequent interchange of foul and fair. b. -colloq. To see fair= 1 to see fair play \ 1837 Dickens Pickw.xxv. (C. D. ed.) 218 If you will step in there. .Mr. Weller will see fair. 1891 Daily News 11 Mar 5/2 The police, .came up to see fair between both sides. 2 . One of the fair sex, a woman ; esp. a beloved woman. Now arch, or poet. 1423 Jas. I Kingis Q, lxvi, That faire vpward hir eye Wold cast. C1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xxiv. 84 The fayer h" proude pucell. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. 1. i. 182 <) happie faire ! Your eyes are loadstarres. 1638 Ford Lady's Trial iii. i, The best, though call ern .. Faires, fines, and honies, are but flesh and blood. 1647 Crash aw Poems 146 Say, ling’ring fair ! why comes the birth Of your brave soul so slowly forth? 1747 Gentl. Mag. Apr. (Ld. Lovat's Execution), No fair forgets the ruin he has done. 1847 L. Hunt Men, Women, B. I. x. 177 Pursuing his fair in a solitary street. 1876 Blackie Songs Relig. <$• Life 169 Some prouder fair hath humbled Thy proud passion. transf. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, in. 202 Produce him to the Fair; And join in Wedlock to the longing Mare, t 3 . A person with a fair complexion. 1771 T. Hull Hist. W Harrington (1797) III. 1 One is a fair, the other a brunet. f 4 . Beauty, fairness, good looks. Also pi.: Points or traits of beauty. Obs. c 888 K. /Elfred Booth, xxxii. § 2 J>a;s lichoman fa#er and his streon. .ma^on beon afeorred. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 19 t>e mone and |>e sune wundrie ‘5 of faire. a 1225 Juliana 6 He sumchere iseh hire utnume feir. ^1240 Ureisnn in Cott. Horn. 193 Heo neuer ne beofl sead h* ue T to iseonne. 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. 11. i. 98 My decayed faire, A sunnie looke of his, would soone repaire. 1599 Marston Sco. Villanie 11. vii. 207 The greene meades, whose natiue out¬ ward faire Breathes sweet perfumes. 1633 P Fletcher Elisa ii, His weeping spouse Eliza, .all her beauteous fairs with grief infecting. f b. Comb. 1622 Drayton Poly-olb. Song xxviii, 388 '1 he fayre- enamoured Flood. 4-2 FAIR. 28 FAIR-FUL. Fair ( fe^i), adv. Forms : i fae^re ; 3-4 as those of the adj. with the addition of -e ; 5- coincident with those of the adj. [OE . fsegre, f. frgcr, Fair a J In a fair manner or degree. 1 . In a beautiful or comely manner; agreeably, beautifully, brightly, handsomely, nobly. n 1000 Czdmon'sGen. 210(Gr.) Fstjere leohtebcet liSeland lago yrnende. c 1000 /Elfric Grain, xxxviii. (Z.) 228 Feegere he syngh- e 1175 Cott. Horn. 219 pa wes pes tyendes hapes alder swipe feir isceapen. 1393 Langl. P. PL C. xxi. 71 Somme seiden he was godes sone pat so faire deyede. c 1400 Rom. Rose 108 Bowes blosmed feyre. c 1440 Gesta Rom. i. 3 (Harl. MS.) The goode man .. faire endid his lifle. a 1568 Ascham Scholem. 11. (Arb.) 150 The Latin tong did faire blome. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Hush. 1. (1586) 5 So faire he bare his age, as I tooke him to be scarse fiftie. 1596 Shaks. 1 Hen. IP, in. i. 142 The Moone shines faire. 1600 — A. V. L. 111. ii. 97 All the pictures fairest Linde are but blacke to Rosalinde. 1632 Sir R. Le Grys tr. Paterculus 377 The excellent Generali, .preferred things profitable before such as shewed faire. 1738 Wesley Psalms i. 3 Spread out his boughs and flourish fair. 2 . Civilly, courteously, kindly. Now only in phr. to speak (a per sort) fair. a 1000 Caedmon's Gen. 2351 (Gr.) Him. .fa;£ere.. ece drihten andswarode. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 53 pis fa5e folc. .speket.. feire biforen heore euencristene. c 1205 Lay. 4842 Wha swa otterne imette per fame hine igrsette. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 00 Morice pider com, and faire was vnderfonge. c 1350 Will. Palerne 347 pemperour. .comande pe couherde curteysli and fayre, to heue vp pat hende child, c 1450 St. Cut liber t (Surtees) 5346 par come a monke and prayde him faire. c 1460 IIo7u Goode IPif taught Doughter 65 in Hazl. E. P.P. (1864) 184 Alle ben nought trewe that faire spekyn. r 1530 Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 87 They that speak fair, fair shall hear again. 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. in. ii. 186 So faire an offer’d (Jhaine. 1695 Congreve Love for L. in. iii, I spoke you fair, d’ye see, and civil. 1818 Scott IIrt. Midi, xlv, The work-people.. spoke him soft and fair, a 1866 Neale Hymn , ‘ Christian , dost thou see them Christian, dost thou hear them, How they speak thee fair ? + b. (To keep, part) fair : i. e. on good terms with. Obs. or arch. a 1400-50 Alexatider 2750 He.. twynnys with paim faire. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IP, 11. i. 207 Tap for tap, and so part faire. 1641 Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camden) I. 25 His Majestie .. will certainly part fayre with this people. 1671-2 Sir C. Lyttelton in Hatton Corr. (1878) 80 The Spaniard and wee shall still continue faire together. 1700 Dryden Palamon Arc. 11. 164 Fair they parted till the Morrow’s Dawn. 1715 Lond. Gaz. No. 5332/1 To keep fair with the Persian Court. 1823 Scott Quentin D. xxiii, We must keep fair with him. 3 . In neat and legible handwriting; clearly, legibly, plainly. 1513 More Rich. Ill in Grafton Citron. II. 782 This Proclamacion .. was .. fayre written in Parchement. 1666 Pepys Diary { 1879) IV. 15 Up betimes to the office, to write fair a laborious letter. 1705 J. Blair in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Col. Ch. I. 151 A copy, .which he promised as soon as it could be fair drawn out. 1774 Chesterf. Lett. I. xvi. 50, I desire that you would translate and copy it fair into a book. 1832 Fr. A. Kemble frill, in Rec. Girlh. (1878) III. 187 After tea I. .copied fair a speech I had been writing. 1838 Card. Newman Lett. (1891) II. 250, I then write it out fair for the printer. 4 . Equitably, honestly, impartially, justly; ac¬ cording to rule. Also in phr. Fair and square. c 1300 Havelok 224 A 1 was youen, faire and wel. 1603 Shaks. Mcas.forM. in. i. 141 Heauen shield my Mother plaid my Father faire. 1680 Otway Orphan 11. vii, I can never think you meant me fair, a 1764 Lloyd Dial, be Hu. Author $ Friend Poet. Wks. 1774 II. 14 Read their works, examine fair. 1885 North Star 1 July 3/2 Lord Randolph .. has ever hit fair. + 5 . In a proper or suitable manner; becomingly, befittingly. Also, fair and sweetly, fair and well. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 446 Kyng Henry, .yburede ys [>ere fat Reading] vayre ynou. c 1340 Cursor M. 10448 (Trin.) Leue |?i bere, Cloj?e ]>e feire. c 1386 Chaucer Chan. Yeom. Prol. <5- T. 560 He hem leyde faire and wel adoun. c 1430 Freemasonry 608 Knele down fayre on bothe thyknen. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour A j, Whiche fayre and swetely chastysedherdoughters. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cccix. 467 Fayre fared, quoth the constable, we are nat in mynde to do to our enemys so moche auantage. 1526 Tindale 2 Cor. v. 11 We fare fayre [Luther fahren 7vir schon] with men. 1544 Bale Chron. Sir J. Oldcastell in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) I. 271 Bury them [images] fayre in the ground. a 1568 Ascham Scholem. 1. (Arb.) 44 To ride faire, is most cumelie for him selfe. 1607 Shaks. Cor. iv. vi. 118 You have crafted faire. 1665 Dryden Ind. Emperor v. ii, Stand fair, and let my Heart-blood on thee flow. 6. With good promise; promisingly, auspiciously; favourably, prosperously. Obs. exc. in To bid, promise fair : see the vbs. 1154 O. E. Chron. an. 1154 Nu is abbot & fair haued be- gunnon. 1590 Spenser E'. Q. ii. xi. 17 Faire mote he thee. 1593 Shaks. Rich. II, 11. ii. 123 The winde sits faire. 1596 — 1 lien. IP, v. v. 43 Since this Businesse so faire is done. + b. With impers. vbs. used optatively. Fair be to you : prosperity attend you. Fair befall, cheve, fall: see the verbs. Obs. exc. arch. 1606 Shaks. Tr. Cr. in. i. 46 Faire be to you my Lord. 1867 Jean Ingelow Gladys 306 O rare, The island ! fair befall the island ; let Me reach the island ! t 7 . Gently, quietly, without haste or violence. Chiefly in phrases, Fair and easily, evenly, softly. a 1000 Menol. (Fox) 314 He fsejere mid w£etere oferwearp wuldres cynebearn. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus v. 347 pei take it wisely faire & softe. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. cxxxv. (1869) 7 1 If thei [the armour] ben heuy, go faire. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xviii. 22 The oste. .rode fayre and easely all the daye. 1552 Huloet, Fayre and .. softlye, suspenso gradu. 1607 TorsF.LL F'our-f Feasts (1673) 210 The pro¬ verb is old and true, ‘ Fair and softly goeth far ’. 1622 S. Ward Life of Faith in Death (1627) 63 Sometimes he folio wes faire and a farre off, lingers aloofe and out of sight, etc. 1653 Urquhart Rabelais 1. xxiii, He returned fair and softly. 1782 Cowper Gilpin 85 So fair and softly, John he cried. 1804 Mar. Edgeworth Pop. Tales , IP ill ix, hair and softly goes far in a day. + b. Moderately, not excessively. Obs. c 1450 Two Cookery-bks. 71 Leche it faire, but not to thyn. Ibid. 82 Roste hem faire. 8 . Evenly, on a level. Chiefly dial. 1708 Loud. Gaz. No. 4422/7 The nine Sail stood in fair with us. 18 77 N. IP. Line. Gloss, s.v., ‘Th’ table doesn’t stand fair.’ 1882 Daily Tel. 4 May, The plate does not lie fair on the frames. f 9 . Directly, straight, ‘due (north, etc.)’. Obs. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes ofAymon xx. 449 Reynawd.. wente fayre vpon the folke of Charlemagne. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) II. ii. 35, I came fair on the south side of my island. 1720 — Capt. Singleton xi. (1840) 185 They stood .. fair after us. Ibid. xv. (1840) 255 We stood away fair west. b. With reference to a blow, etc.: ‘ Clean ‘ full ’, plump, straight. c 1340 Gaw. Gr. Knt. 2229 Fayre on his fote he foundez on ]>e erj>e. 1823 Scott Quentin D. xiv, Striking his antag¬ onist fair upon the breast. 1891 Blackn>. Mag. CL. 651/2 A living catapult, that if he took you fair, would knock the life out of you. c. Completely, fully, quite. Cf. Clean adv. 5. Obs. exc. dial. c 1330 Amis, A mil. 2388 To-morn thei schull beryed ben, As thei faire ded were, a 1400-50 Alexander 2230 Som. .faire fest on a fyre att \>e foure }ates. 1457 Agnes Paston in Past. Lett. (1787) I. xxxv. 144, I had leuer he wer fayr beryed than lost for defaute. 1494 Househ. Ord. 130 When he cometh to the church..take the image and chest downe, and beare him faire into the church. 1868 Atkinson Cleveland Gloss, s.v., * It [a cat]’s fair wild.* + d. Clearly, distinctly, plainly. Obs. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. ii. 2 pe feld ful of folke ich shal 30W fayre she we. C1400 Destr. Troy Prol. 82 Here fynde shall ye faire of pe felle peopull, What Kynges pere come of costes aboute. 1628 Digby Poy. Medit. (1868) 2 The pointe of the Lizard faire in sight. 1697 Dampier Poy. (1729) I. 256 We were, fair in sight of Cape Corrientes. 10 . Comb. a. With agent-nouns and vbl.sbs. form¬ ing sbs., as fair-dealer, - dealing, -doing, -seeming, -speaking. 1746 Lockman To F'irst Promoter Cambrick «.$* Tea Bills 25 A Craft, indeed, gives some *Fair-dealers pain. 1711 Shaftesb. Charac . (1737) I. 63 There is as much difference between one sort and another, as between *fair-dealing and hypocrisy. 1879 Farrar St. Paul (1883) 443 Let them not be weary in *fair-doing. 1724 Savage Sir T. Overbury 1. i. 6 The Statesman’s Promise, or false Patriot’s Zeal, Full of *fair Seeming, but Delusion all. 1483 Pulgaria abs Terentio 25 b, If it wyll be wyth giflynge and *faire spekynge I shall nott be behynde. b. With adjs., as fair-fierce , -seemly, -sweet, and with pres, pples. forming adjs., as fair-applauding, -blazing, -blooming, -boding, -dealing, -flowing, -glaring, -growing, -revolving, -seeming, -shining, -sounding, - speaking , -spreading, -winding. 1777 R. Totter AEschylus' Supplicants 1005 The voice Of *fair-applauding fame. 1726-46 Thomson Winter 312 The officious wife prepares The fire *fair-blazing. 1740 Shenstone Judgm. Hercules 339 *Fair-blooming Health surveys her altars there. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill, v. iii. 227 The .. *fairest boading Dreames, That euer entred in a drowsie head. 1718 Freethinker No. 14. 96 A ^fair-dealing, honourable Merchant. 1580 Sidney Arcadia (1613) 224-5 She, *faire-fierce, to such a state me calls. 1848 Clough Amours de Poy. iii. 85 The cypress- spires by the "fair-flowing stream. 1649 G. Daniel Trinarch. To Rdr. 51 The *faire-Glareing Tulip. 1870 Bryant Iliad II. xxi. 291 A tall *fair-gro\ving elm. 1708 J. Philips Cyder 11. 523 * Fair-revolving years. 1625 K. Long tr. Barclays Argcnis iv. xviii. 303 Adulterate vertue, and *faire-seeming vice. 1776 * C. Melmoth ' Pupil of Pleasure I. vii. Plausible exterior, fair-seeming sentiments, etc. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. ii. 30 *Faire-seemely pleasaunce each to other makes. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. PI, 11. i. 40 Hence¬ forward will I beare Vpon my Targuet three *taire shining Sunnes. 1798 Invasion I. 227 Unsuspicious of the treachery concealed beneath words so *fair-sounding. 1871 E. F. Burr Ad F'idem iii. 39 Fair-sounding terms. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vi. xiii. (1495) 198 In a good wyfe byhoueth that she be *fayre spekynge. 1647 Clarendon Coulcmpl. on Ps. Tracts (1727) 517 To grapple with our fair-speaking adversaries. 1746 Thomson Autumn 246 His..once *fair- spreading Family dissolv’d. 1581 Sidney Astr. <$• Stella lxxxii, Sweet-gard’n-nymph .. most *faire-sweet, do not., banish mee. 1746 Thomson Summer 1426 The matchless vale of Thames ; Fair-winding up to where the muses haunt. c. With pa. pples. forming adjs., as fair-be¬ trothed, -boiuid', -built, -compacted, -contrived, -divided , -exstructed, -feathered, -folded, -forged, -plastered, -sculptured, -set, -sunned, -told\ -written. 1608 Shaks. Per. v. iii. 71 This prince, the *fair-betrothed of your daughter. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 129 Some goodly *faire bound Senecaes Tragedies. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. i. 1. Eden 372 The *fair-built Bridge .. More like a tradefull City. 1655 II. Vaughan SilexScint. 1. (1858) 49 A *faire-compacted frame. 1645 Quarles Sol. Recant. 55 Thy faire-contriv’d designes. 1746 Thomson Autumn 832 The *fair-divided earth. 1647 H. More Song of Soul II. iii. iii. xxiii, Those *fair extructed loads Of carved stone. 1607 A. Brewer Lingua 1. i, A speech *faire fetherd could not flie. 1844 Ld. Houghton Mem. Many Scenes, To Landor 144 He. .fed his heart—as thou—On storied Fiesole’s "fair-folded brow. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. ii. 2 That *faire- forged spright. 1535 Covkrdale Ecclus. xxii. 17 Lykeasa *fayre playstred wall in a winter house. 1870 Bryant Iliad j I. iv. 117 Ships with..*fair-sculptured prows. 1648 Herrick ' Hesper. I. 121 A full spread, *faire-set Vine. 1850 Mrs. Browning Poems II. 300 Prayers—that upward mount Like | to a *fair-sunned fount. 1548 Hall CIn-on. 153 Whiche *faire told tale, allured to hym muche people. 1700 Prior Carmen Scculare 27 Her *fair-written page. Fair (fe^i), v. Forms : a. 1 fsesrian, 2 feiren, 4 fairen, 5 fayre, 7- fair ; ( 3 . 4 vayren. Also, ! see Y-faik. [ME. feiren, OE. fvgria?i, f. fwger, Fair. In later use directly f. Fair ai] 11 . intr . To appear or become fair or clean. a 1000 Seafarer 48 (Gr.) Bear was blostmum nima< 5 , byn£ fiejriaQ. c 1300 K. Alis. 2903 Mury hit is in sonne-risyng !.. Weyes fairith. 1340 Ayenb. 95 pis trau grenep and uayrep be his uirtue. b. Of the weather: To clear, rare exc. dial. 1842 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. I. 182 We are to go, if it fairs, to take tea at a show place. 1868 Times 16 Sept. 9 The weather faired by mid-day. 1891 Miss Dowie Girl in Karp. 148 When it rained he turned the furry side out.. when it faired, he.. reversed it. t 2 . trans. To make fair; to make clean or good- looking ; to beautify. Obs. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 53 pus heo do 5 for to feiren heom seluen. c 1320 Cast. Love 876 pe rihtwys sone. .fairedehir more a pousend folde. 1340 Ayenb. 233 pise zix leues.. uayrep moche pe lylye of maydenhod. a 1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 69 Faire doughtres. .holde it in youre herte that ye putte no thinge to. .fayre youre uisages. c 1600 Shaks. Sonn. cxxvii, Fairing the foul with art’s false borrow’d face. 3 . Ship-btiilding. To make fair or level; to ascer¬ tain the correctness of curvature in the various parts of a ship. Also, to fit the beams, plates, etc., according to the curvature. 1867 in Smyth Sailors Word-bk. 1869 Sir E. J. Reed Shipbuild. viii. 154 The ship is faired by means of ribands and cross-spalls. 1879 Cassell's Techti. Educ. IV. 208/1 The frames.. then can be faired with ease. Fair and square, a. and adv. A. adj. Honest, just, straightforward. B. adv. In a just or straightforward manner, honestly ; with set purpose, determinedly. Also with ellipsis of ‘ acting ’ or the like = fair dealing. 1604 Fr. Bacon's Proph. 443 in Hazl. E. P. P. IV. 284 Faire, and square.. The gamester calls fooles holy-day. 1649 Cromwell Lett, cxlvi. (Carlyle) There will clearly be no living for the Portugal unless he. .do that which is fair and square. 1673 Wycherley Gentl. Dancing-Master Epil., You are fair and square in all your dealings. 1712 Arbuth- not John Bull iv. ii. 7 We’ll settle it between Ourselves : Fair and Square. 1887 G. R. Sims Mary Jane's Mem. 252 We’re lovers all fair and square and above board. 1890 F. R. Stockton in Century Mag. 543/1 When a man sits down, fair and square, to tell a story. Hence Fairly and squarely adv. 1890 W. A. Wallace Only a Sister 338, I think I can fight my own battles fairly and squarely. Faira-tion. dial. [f. Faik a. + -ation.] Fair play. 1861 E. Waugh Birtle Carter's T. 14 Give o’er ! Let’s ha’ fairation. Fair-copy, sb. Law. [See Faik a. 8 c.] The condition of a document copied after final correction. 1873 Tristram Moab viii. 158 Our depositions were now produced in fair copy. Hence Fair-copy v., to write out in fair-copy. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop xxxiii, She could ingross fair- copy [etc.]. 1885 Law Times Rep. LI II. 460/2 Notice of dissolution, .was left at the offices, .to be fair copied. Faird, Sc. var. of Fard v., to paint the face. Fail’d, var. of Fard Sc. motion, impetus, t Fai’ress. Obs. rare— 1 . [? f. Fair-y + -ess.] ? A female fairy. 1674 Brevint Saul at E/uior 163 A Fairess, or a white witch. Fai r-faced, a. 1 . a. Flaving a fair or light-coloured complexion, b. Of beautiful countenance. The two senses are in many early examples not easy to distinguish. 1588 Shaks. Tit. A. iv. ii. 68 (Qo.) Here is the babe as loathsome as a toade. Amongst the fairefast [ed. 1623 fairest] breeders of our clime. 1607 Rowlands Famous Hist. 56 The beauteous fair-fac’d Bride. 1689 Lond. Gaz. No. 2512/4 He is a low well set Man, fair faced. 1795 F'ate of Sedley I. 130 A fair-faced son of an Eastern Sultan. 1864 J. Forster Life Sir J. Eliot I. 28 The fair-faced fiend., had received her sentence on the previous day. 2 . Having a fair appearance (see Face sb. 8), pretty ; fair to the eye only, specious. 1595 Shaks. John 11. i. 417 ,1 shall shew you peace, and faire- fac'd league. 1616 Hayward Sand. Troub. Soul 1. (1620) 9 The faire-faced shewes of the world. 1693 Congreve Double-Dealer 11. viii, Tis such a pleasure to angle for fair- faced fools ! Fair-farrand: see Fakrand. Fairfieldite (feo’jffldait). Min. [Named in 1879 by Brush and Dana after Fairfield, the county (in Connecticut) where it was found : see -ite.] A hydrous phosphate of calcium, manganese, and iron. 1879 Amer. frill. Sc. 3rd Ser. XVII. 359 Fairfieldite occurs generally in massive crystalline aggregates. Fair-ful (fe® - jful). [f. Fair sb.- + -fui,.] A quantity sufficient to make or fill up a fair. 1872 Browning Fijine 164 Fix into one Elvire a Fair-ful of Fifines. PAIR-HAIRED 29 FAIRNESS. Pair-haired, a. Having iair or light-coloured hair. 1626 Massinger Rom. Actor 11. i, Fair-haired Calliope. 1725 Pope Odyss. vi. 145 'I'he fair-hair’d Dryads of the shady wood. 1814 Scott Wav. xx, The flash of the gun cost me a fair-haired son. 1892 Gardiner Student's Hist . Eng. 6 The Celts were fair-haired. f b. In the name of a plant (see quot.). x 597 Gerard Herbal { 1598) 102 The faire haired Iacint. + Fai rhead. Obs. Forms : a. 3 faijered, 3-4 faire d(e, fairehed(e, (3 -hid), 3-5 fair-, fayrhedfe, 4 fairheed, fayrhed, feir(e)-, 4-6 fayrehed, (5 far he d), 6 Sc. fairheid; 0 . 3-4 vair-, vayrhede. [f. Fair a. + -head.] Beauty. c 1250 Gen. $ Ex. 2666 He was }u< 5 , Wi <5 fai^ered and strengthe kuft. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2515 ]?e king .. bi- huld hire vairhede. a 1340 Hampole Psalter Frol., In paim is so mykill fayrhed of vnderstandynge. 1340 Ayenb. 16 Li^tbere, pe angel, vor his greate uayrhede an his greate wyt, wolde by aboue be opre angeles. c 1440 Hylton Scala Per/. (W. de W. 1494) 11. xlvi, The fairhede [1533 fairnesse] of angels. 1501 Douglas Pal. Hon. 1. xxxvi, Her bewtie schane castand sa greit ane glance, All fairheid it opprest. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus 11. 105 Thair was the flour of fairheid. t Fairhood. Obs. = prec. a 1587 Foxe A. M. (cited in Worcester 1846). Fairing (fe»-rig), {vbl.) sb. [f. Fair sb. + -ING 1 .] 1 . A present given at or brought from a fair. 1574 Hellowes Gueuara' sF am. £^.(1577) 86 The Gentle¬ women that did serue her [the Empresse] .. would vse their libertie in asking fayrings. 1614 B. Jonson Barth. Fair Prol., The Maker .. hopes, to night To giue you for a Fayring, true delight. 1661 Pepys Diary 31 Aug., To Bar¬ tholomew Faire. .Mr. Pickering bought them some fairings. 1786 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 8 Nov., Presenting her one of my fairings. 1827 Clare Sheph. Cal. 149 With kerchief full of fairings in her hand. 1883 Longm. Mag. Apr. 655 The lasses get their ‘ fairing ’ from the lads in gingerbread and nuts from the stalls. b. transf. A complimentary gift of any kind. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. v. ii. 2 We shall be rich ere we de¬ part, If fairings come thus plentifully in. 1668 Pepys Diary 17 Sept., I. .did give her five guineas as a fairing. 1727 Mrs. Delany Life Corr. I. 135 A jewel box which Mrs. Tillier desires you to accept as her fairing. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. xvii, Colin .. gives her a fairing to put in her hair. 1826 Miss Mitford Village 2nd Ser. (1863) 439 To our little pet, Lizzy .. she predicted a fairing. c. fig. To get, give (any one) his fairing : to get, give (him) his deserts. x 7 fi 5 Burns Death $ Dr- Hornbook xxx, Neist time we meet, I’ll wad a groat, He’s got his fairin’. 1818 Scott Old Mort. xxxv ii ‘ Mackay will pit him [Claverhouse] down .. he’ll gie him his fairing.* 1823 Lockhart Reg. Dalton 1 .11. iv. 262 ‘ Ane o’ them got his fairin.’ 2 . Cakes or sweets sold at fairs ; esp. gingerbread nuts. Chiefly colloq. ayrj\ Fergusson Hallcwfair Poems (1845) 13 He’ll .. creish her loof Wi what will buy her fairin To chow that day. 1888 W. Somerset Word-bk. s.v., Do you like fairings or comforts best ? 3 . ? nonce-use. Buying, etc., at a fair. 1887 Cornh. Mag. Mar. 251 The fairing was done with shivers. 4 . attrib. and Comb. 1593 Pass. Morrice I b, Honestie knowes what the fairing- monger will saye. 1790 Mad. D’Arblay Diary Aug., I placed one of my fairing work-baskets .. on a table. Fairisll (fe>»’rij), a. and adv. [f. Fair a. and adv. + -ISH.] A . adj. Somewhat fair. 1 . Moderately good, passable. 1611 Cotgr., Bellastre , fairish, reasonably faire, passable. 1660 in Howell Lexicon. 1847 Illust. Loud. News 28 Aug. 142/1, I rowed in a fairish ‘eight’. 1863 W. C. Baldwin Afr. Hunting 331 So ended a fairish day’s sport. 1882 B. M. Croker Proper Pride I. xi. 226 Sometimes .. he is in fairish spirits. b. dial. Tolerably well (in health); f also, merry with drink. 1756 W. Toldervy Hist. Two Orphans IV. 3 Humphry .. was now quite fairish, as he called it, and attended to nothing but spouting speeches from Shakespear’s Pistol. 1876 Oxfordsh. Gloss, s.v., * I be fairish.* 1888 Bcrksh. Gloss, s.v. Vaairish , ‘ I be a veelin’ varish now zur*. 2 . Considerable in amount; fairly large, colloq. 1881 Leicestersh. Gloss., ‘Theer’s pritty feerish on ’em this turn.’ 1883 D. C. Murray Hearts II. 136 Cost a fairish penny, didn’t it ? 1884 Gd. Words 229 Two fairish sized tubs. B. adv. In a fair manner; to a fair degree. colloq. or dial. 1836-48 B. D. Walsh Aristoph., Knights 1. iii, I ..got laughed at pretty fairish. 1877 Holderness Gloss, s.v., * Ah’s gettin’ on fairish wi job.’ 1881 Leicestersh. Gloss, s.v., ‘Surs! it’s feerish waarm.* Pair-lead (fe°uUd). a. (see quot. i860), b. — Faiu-leader. a. c i860 H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 21 What do you mean by a fair lead? In reeving a rope, to be very careful to have it so led through the block or sheave aloft, that it does not cut or chafe any of the rigging, or cross any other ropes. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Fair-lead. b. 1869 Sir E. J. Reed Shipbuild. xv. 290 Of late, .fair- leads or dead-eyes of malleable cast-iron have been em¬ ployed. Similarly Fair-leader (see quot. 1841). Fair¬ leading 1 vbl. sb., attrib. in fair-leading block, a block that acts as a fair-leader. 1841 R. H. Dana Seamans Man. 104 Fair-leader, a strip of board or plank, witli holes in it, for running rigging, to lead through. Also, a block or thimble used for the same purpose. 1882 Nakes Seamanship led. 6.) 59 'l'he falls being led .. through fair-leaders in ship’s side. Ibid. 55 A fair¬ leading block stropped to it. tPairlec. Obs. [f.F.viR a.: see -lock.] Fairness, beauty. a 1225 St. MarJier. 19 Feirlec ant strencSe beo 3 his schrudes. c 1230 Halt Meid. 39 He ^iueS feirlec to al k a t is feir in heuene & in ear< 5 e. c 1320 Cast. Love 145 He $af him .. Feirlek and freodam. + Fair-like, a. Obs. rarer', [f. Fair a. + Like a.] In good condition ; well-looking. 1662 Hickeringill A pal. Distressed Innocence Wks. (1716) I. 273 Naboth..was too Fat and Fair-like to avoid the Shambles of these bloody Butchers. Fairly (fe»‘ili), adv. [f. Fair a. + -ly 2 .] 11 . So as to make a fair appearance; beauti¬ fully, handsomely. Also in bad sense: Spe¬ ciously. Obs. CX400 Maundev. (1839) xxii. 242 Alle the hoost cometh fayrely aftre him. c 1400 Deslr. Troy 5142 pai .. ferdon on fote fairly to-gedur. 1483 Cailt. Angl. 120 Fayrly, ornate. 1592 Shaks. Rom. Jul. in. ii. 84 Was euer booke .. So fairely bound ? 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. Commw. 131 Saint Germaines .. was very fairely budded. 1819 Byron Juan iii. lxxvi, To make The skin, .appear more fairly fair. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. I. 1. 47 Raiment .. Most fairly woven. b. Of writing : Neatly, elegantly, arch. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill , hi. vi. 2 The Indictment.. in a set Hand fairely is engross’d. 17x7 Berkeley Tour in Italy Wks. IV. 514 The book is fairly writ on vellum, f 2 . Courteously, respectfully. Obs. XS90 Shaks. Com. Err. v. i. 233 Fairely I bespoke the Officer To go in person with me. 1608 — Per. v. 1 10, I pray ye, greet them fairly. 3 . \\ ith due regard to equity ; candidly, impar¬ tially; without undue advantage on either side. 1676 Dryden Aureng-zebe m. i, I interpret fairly your design. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 272 p 1 Circumstances fairly represented in the Spectator. 1776 Trial of Nun- docomar 25/1 The Durbar charges were not just and fairly charged. 1783 Hailes Antiq. Chr. Ch. iv. 72 The in¬ ferences that are fairly deducible from it. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 375 The counsel were by no means fairly matched. X851 Dixon W. Penn v. (1872) 47 In no corner of these islands were the Quakers treated fairly. 1862 Stanley Jew. Ch. (1877! I. xiii. 260 Only in the light of that time can they be fairly considered. 4 . Becomingly, fitly, properly, suitably; propor- tionably. 1596 Shaks. Merch. V. 1. i. 128 Mycheefe care Is to come fairely off from the great debts. 169X T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent, p. xx, The Bolt-heads, &c., being fairly parcelled. 1731 Arbuthnot Aliments iv. ii. § 24. 98 The Serum of the Blood is fairly substituted in its place. 1800 Med. Jrnl. IV. 462 His time will be fairly, and I doubt not successfully em¬ ployed. X832 Ht. Martineau Homes Abrocul v. 74 You may fairly marry as soon as you like. 1892 Sir A. Keke- wich in Law Times Rep. LXVII. 139/1 The facts..may be fairly described in that manner. b. By proper or lawful means, legitimately; opposed to foully . 1632 J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromcna 145, I will kill thee fairly, as becomes a good Knight. 1709 Steele Tatlcr No. 38 P 3 [They] in decent Manner fought full fairly with their wrathful Hands. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) II. xi. 236 We came honestly and fairly by the ship. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian iii. 23 She came fairly by her death, t 5 . Gently, peaceably, quietly, softly. Obs. LX400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xiv. 61 It standes still and ryn- nez no}t, or elles hot fairely. X590 Spenser F. Q. ii. vi. 40 Guyon..with strong reason master’d passion fraile, And passed fayrely forth. 1591 Shaks. Two Gent. 11. v. 14 They parted very fairely in iest. 1634 Milton Comus 168, I fairly step aside, And hearken. 6 . Clearly, distinctly, plainly. a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 490 The door fairly set open for him by Divine Providence. 167X Grew A nut. Plants 1. iii. § 11 The Pores, .by the help of good Glasses, are very fairly visible. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth ii, [I] saw the bonny city lie stretched fairly before me. 184X Miall Noitconf. I. 2 It becomes dissenters fairly to avow it. 7 . Completely, fully, quite, ‘ clean ’; actually, positively, really. In written examples it is often difficult to know whether this or the very different sense 8 is intended ; hut in speech this confusion is prevented by the marked difference in intonation. 1596 Spenser State Irel. (1633)9 All which they neverthe- Iesse fairely overcame. 1604 in Ellis Orig. Lett. 11. 249 III. 216 He would wish him fairly buried before his eyes. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trait, xx. 73 They fairly tore out one an- others throats with their teeth. 1713 Guardian No. 42, l fairly nodded in the elbow-chair. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. xx, I had some thoughts of fairly shipping back to England again. 1804-8 Foster in Life $ Corr. (1846) I. 268, I never think of fairly sitting down for a conversation. 1823 Lamb Elia, Poor Relation, When he goeth away, you dismiss his chair into a corner .. and feel fairly rid of two nuisances. 1867 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) I. vi. 500 The star of Harold was fairly in the ascendant. x868 M. Pattison Academ. Org. v. 306 Our system, .has fairly run away with us. 1873 Tristram Moab iv. 64 We were fairly in the trap, 8 . Moderately, passably, tolerably. 1805 Wordsw. Waggoner 1. no, I am fairly safe to-night. i860 T yndall Glac. 1. ix. 63 The structure of the ice was fairly developed. 1863 Kinglake Crimea (1877) I- xiv. 215 He .. rode fairly to hounds. X871 Morley Voltaire (1880) 9 People with whom the world goes fairly well materially. 9 . Comb., as fairly-balanced, fitted. 1848 Dickens Dombey (C. D. ed.) 8 They were. .a. .fairly- balanced, give-and-take couple. 1870 Bryant Ilicul I. iv. 115 He drew The arrow from the fairly-fitted belt. Pair-maid. 1 . = Fumade. 1848 C. A. Johns Week at Lizard 54 The Italians call them [salted pilchards] fumados. .from a corruption of this word they are universally called, in Cornwall, 4 fair-maids*. 1883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal. (ed. 4) 128 Quarter Hogsheads of Fairmaids. 2 . In various names of plants. Fair maid(s of February, the Snowdrop, Galanihns nivalis ; Fair maids of France, of Kent [ = Fr. bcllc- puce lie], a double-flowered variety of Crowfoot, Tan u n cuius aeon ilift or us. 1776 Withering Brit. Plants (1796) II. 331 Common Snowdrop. Fair Maids of February. 1823 Crahb Techuol. Diet. s.v. Fair, Fair Maid of France, the Ranunculus aconi/ifolius of Linnseus, a perennial. 1863 Prior Plant-n., Fair Maids of February, white flowers that blossom about the 2nd of that month. Ibid., Fair Maids of France. 1878-86 Britten & Holland Plant-n., Fair Maids of Kent. Fairness (fe->\mes). [f. Fair a. + -ness.] 1 . The quality or condition of being fair ; beauty : a. in the abstract ; also concr. something that is fair, a beautiful feature, an ornament. c i2oo Ormin 12253 Off haele, off fa35errnesse, Off strenncj>e. £•1340 Hampole Prose Tr. (1866) 39 Thare es souerayne fairenes, lyghtenes, strenghe [etc.]. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. viii. xvii. (1495) 325 The mone is the fayrnes of the nyght. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 177 Beholdynge in hym all fayreness, all power, and all verteu. 1649 J ER * Taylor Gt. Excmp. 11. vii. 35 Persons of the greatest fancy, and such who are most pleased with outward fairnesses are most religious. 1856 Ruskin Mod. Faint. HI. iv. xvi. § 14 For all fairness we have to seek to the flowers. b. of women. a 1000 Liber Scint. 168 Leas gyfu & ydel ys fae^ernyss. a 1225 St. Marher. (1862) 35 For ir feirnesse, pan ho bee comen of prelle. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xii. 47 Felyce hir fayrnesse fel hir al to sklaundre. <1430 Pilgr. Lyf Man- hode 1. vii. (1869) 4, I seygh a lady in my wey ; of hire fair¬ nesse she dide me ioye. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 63 In the whiche synne they fall commonly by the reason of theyr fayrnes. 1624 Heywood Gunaik. iv. 164 The higher powers have bestowed upon you fairenesse above man. 1762-71 H. Walpole Vertuc's Anecd. Paint. (1786) I. iv, The print gives .. some of her Flemish fairness. 1877 Mrs. Forrester Mignon I. 54 And right royally she uses the prerogative of her fairness. c. of men and children ; rarely of animals. Obs. or arch. a 1000 Lambeth Ps. xliv. 5 (Bosw.) Mid 3 inum hiwe o 33 e wlite and faefcernysse dinre. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 77 Sunne and monepostrep for his fairnesse. c 1250 Gen. Ex. 1233 Wantedeoit child faiernesse and mi}t. 1387 Trevisa Iligdcn (Rolls) I. 285 A woman, .wedded a bocher for his fairenesse. 140X Pol. Pocnis{ 1859) II. 68 IfSathanas were transfigurid into his former fairnesse. 1535 Coverdale Isa. liii. 2 When we loke vpon him, there shalbe no fayrnesse. 1608 D. T. Ess. Pol. <$• Mor. 48 The beautie and fairenesse of his eyes. 1820 Keats Hyperion in. 125 The immortal fairness of his limbs. + d. of inanimate things. Obs. 1303 R. Brunne Handl'. Synne 7025 My^te no. .tunge telle he feyrnesse. c 1325 Prose Psalter xlix. 12 pe fairnes of he feldeis wyh me. c 1400 Catds Morals 109 in Cursor M. App. iv, No3t for he fairnes, hot for hi nedines, loue hou he peny. c 1511 1st Eng. Bk. Amer. (Arb.) Introd. 27 All with feders bounden for there bewtynes and fayrenes. 1583 Hollyband Campo di Fior 305, I am not of opinion that any place can be found like to this in fairenesse. 1662 Merrett tr. Neri's Art of Glass Ixxxvi, A Violet colour of notable fairness. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 9, I shew’d him the Money, and he soon knew the Piece, .from the particular Fairness of it. + e. of speech. Obs. c 1490 Promp. Pan>. 146 (MS. K.) Fayirnesse of speche, facundia. 2 . Of the complexion or skin: Lightness of colour. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 331 The whitenesse thereof [ivory] was .. thought to represent the natural fairenesse of man’s skinne. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. II. 550 Ambitious of in¬ termarrying with Persians .. on account of the fairness of their complexion. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xv, The fair¬ ness of his skin, where it had not. .been exposed. 3 . Equitableness, fair dealing, honesty, impar¬ tiality, uprightness. c 1460 Townley Myst. 195 It is best that we trete hym with farenes. x'jT.zWodroiuCorr\\%\-$) II. 628, 1 hope fairness and truth were in mine eye. 1771 Junius Lett. xlvi. 245 No man.. will dispute the fairness of this construction. 1802 Med. Jrnl. VIII. 184 We do not doubt of the fairness of the state¬ ment. 1859 Macaulay Biog. (1867) 9 1 A show of fairness was.. necessary to the prosperity of the Magazine. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. III. xeix. 387 The criticisms of an outspoken press rarely assail.. their[English judges’]fairness. f 4 . Of the weather: The state of being free from storms or rain ; fineness. Obs. c 1440 Promp. Pan \ 146 Fayrnesse of wedur, amenitas. 1580 Baret^/z^. F 37 Fairenesse of weather: quietnesse, serenitas. 1743 Bulkeley & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 23 The Moon, Tides, and Fairness of Weather were more favourable to us by Night than Day. f 5 . Courtesy. Obs. c 1205 Lay. 3272 Me vnder-feng pene king : mid niochele feirnusse. a 1400-50 Alexander 1745 Feyne all with fairnes & fayne at pou may. + 6. Gentleness ; only in By, with fairness : by fair or gentle means. Obs. 6*1386 Chaucer Prol. 519 To drawen folk to heven, with fairnesse, By good ensample. c 1400 Beryn 1396 Let assay efft ageyn, with flfeirnes hym to chast. 1470-85 Malory Arthur ix. lxxvii, Outher with fayrenes or foulnesse I shalle hrynge hym to this courte. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 331 The king, .will provyde some remedy for us, eyther by fayrenesse or otherwise. FAIRNEY CLOOTS. 30 FAIRY. Fairney-cloots. Sc. ‘ The small horny substances above the hoofs, where the pastern of a horse lies, but said to be found only in sheep or goats, Ettr. For.' (Jam.) i8zz Hogg Perils of Man III. 33 1 Here’s a tyke wi’ cloven cloots like a gait, fairney cloots and a 1 thegither.’ Fair-pleader, -ing. Law. = Beau-pleader. 1670 Blount Law Diet, s.v., Neither in the Circuit of Justices, nor in Counties .. any Fines shall be taken of any Man for Fair pleading, that is, for not pleading fairly or aptly to the purpose. 1700 [see Beautleader]. 1721-1800 in Bailey. 1848 in Wharton Law Lex. Fair-sex, v. nonce-wd. In To fair-sex it : to discourse upon the fair sex. 1712 Swift Jrnl. to Stella 8 Feb., I will not meddle with the Spectator, let him fair-sex it to the world’s end. 1810 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. XXX. 346 He may fair-sex it (as Swift says) to the end. tFarrship. Obs. [f. Fair a. + -ship.] a. Fairness, beauty, b. The personality of a ‘ fair lady’. Cf. Beautyship, ladyship. c 1320 Cast. Love 688 Ther may no man here feyrship wyte. a 1400 Vernon Poems 444 The swete face of his Lorde there..In his feyreship he may him showen..Of hevyn he may i-se the wydnes, The feyreshepe and the heynes. 1646 J. Hall Poems 11 How every wit Capers .. to fit Words to her faireships grief. t Fai’rsome, a. Obs. rare- 1 , ff. Fair a. + -some.] Beautiful; in quot. absol. a 1641 Sir J. Suckling in N. Q. I. 72 Still I’ll love the fairsome. Fai:r-spo*ken, a. Also 7 fairspoke. a. Of persons : Gifted with fair speech ; courteous, plea¬ sant ; smooth-tongued. 1460 Capgrave Chron. (Rolls) 81 He was .. fayre-spokyn, but he spak but seldam. 1530 Palsgr. 312/1 Fayre spoken ..bien cn langaige. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. (1617) 266 Arius..a subtlewitted and a marvellous fair-spoken man. 1647 Hammond Semi., Christians Oblig. Peace (1649) 7 Fair-spoken sword-men.. whose words are softer than butter. 1665 Dryden Ind. Emperor 11. i, Kalib, ascend, my fair¬ spoke servant rise. 1828 Landor I mag. Conv. III. 473 Fie was. .fairspoken both to high and low. b. Of words : Bland, civil. 1649 Milton Eikon. Pref., These his faire spok’n words shall be heer fairely confronted, .to his. .deeds. Fair-trade. 1 . a. Trade carried on legally as opposed to dealing in contraband goods, b. In the 18th c. also applied (in popular language) in the precisely opposite sense ; a euphemistic synonym for smug¬ ging- 1774 Burke Amer. Tax . (1775) 49 The contraband will always keep pace in some measure with the fair trade. 2 . In recent use : The fiscal system advocated by those who consider that * one-sided free trade ’ is injurious to the nation adopting such a policy, and that the principle of free trade should be ap¬ plied only in dealing with nations that admit our products free. 1881 Gladstone in Times 8 Oct. 6/5 This he says he wants, not as protection, but in the name of fair trade. 1891 Spectator 21 Feb. 263/2 An excellent speech against * Fair-trade ’. attrib. 1881 Spectator 10 Dec. 1558 The Fair trade ques¬ tion. 1882 T. H. Farrer Free Trade v. Pair Trade ii. 6 The programme of the Fair Trade League is not definite in its particulars. Ibid. ii. 8 That application is not contained in the Fair Trade programme. Hence Tair-trader, ( a ) one who trades fairly or legally; ( b ) one who supports the Fair-trade pro¬ gramme. rair-tradism, the doctrines of a Fair- trader (sense b). 1673 Essex Papers (Camden) I. 56 Others who have found y° encouragem* from y° farm™ of Ireland to y" ruin of y J fair Trader here. 1746 Lock man To First Promoter Cam- brick fy Tea Bills 27 Bid the Fair-trader .. bemoan His credit lost. 1881 W. F. Ecroyd Sp. at Oldham 21 Fair Traders .. wanted .. an extension of real free exchange. 1887 Spectator 21 May 674 1 The Fair-traders are at their wits’ end for a compromise with Free-trade. 1888 Pall Mall G. 26 Nov. 12/1 Fair-tradism is apparently to be brought down from national to local application. Fai rway. Also 9 fare-way. [See Fair a. 16; the interpretation suggested by the spelling fareway (cf. Fare v.) appears to be erroneous.] A navigable channel in a river or between rocks, sand¬ banks, etc.; the usual course or passage of a vessel on the sea or in entering and leaving a harbour. 1584 in Binnell Descr. Thames (1758) 62 That the fair Way he kept as deep and large as heretofore. 1675 Loud. Gas. No. 1006/4 The fair way going into Plymouth Sound. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789', Debacleur , an officer whose duty it is..to keep the passage, or fair-way, open, 1858 A dm. Reg. in Merc. Marine Mag. V. 103 Sea-going vessels, .at anchor in roadsteads or fairways. 1883 Chamb. Jrnl. 523 Clear water fareways, by which the fishermen wend a speedy course from point to point. 1893 Daily Chron. 4 Jan. 5/7 She was in the fairway of all steamers crossing to and from New York. attrib. 1875 Bedford Sailor s Pocket-bk. v. (ed. 2) 137 Fairway buoys are plainly marked. Farr-weather, a. 1 . Fit or suitable only for calm or fair weather. 1810 Naval Chron. XXIV. 69 These fair-weather birds would never put to sea. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 650 The first gale would send the whole of this fairweather armament to the bottom of the Channel. 1883 Manch. Exam. 26 Nov. 5/3 They are all fair-weather craft. 2. fig. 1736 Pope's Lett. 1 Oct. 1730 My Fair-weather-friends of the summer are going away for London. 1748 Smollett Rod. Rand, iii, That there fair weather Jack (pointing to the young squire). 1828 E. Irving Last Days 287 What a fair-weather service there is of God ! 1873 Miss Broughton Nancy II. 10 Am I to be only a fair- weather wife to you ? Fairy (fe°ri , sb. and a. Forms: 4 feir-, feyr-i(e, -ye, (5 fery, 6 feirie), 4-5 fai-, fayerie, -ye, (4 fayry5e), 4-6 fair-, fayr-6, -ey, -ie, -y(e, (6 fayere, 6-7 pharie, 7 farie, phair-, pherie), 4- fairy ; also Faerie, -y. [a. OF. faerie, faieric (mod.F./c ’eric), f. OF . fac (mocl.F.yife) Fay sb.-] A. sb. J- 1 . The land or home of the fays; fairy-land. Obs.: see Faerie. c 1320 Orfeo 273 The kyng of Fayre, with his route, Com to hunte all aboute. c 1386 Ch aucer Sqr.'s T. 88 Though he were comen ayeyn out of ffairye. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xvi. 73 A sperhawke .. and a faire lady of Fairye sittand ^erby. 1593 Drayton Eclogues iii. 15 [Collin] is to fayrie gone a Pilgrimage. 1610 B. Jonson Alch. 1. ii, The Doctor Sweares that you are .. Allied to the Queene of Faerie. f 2 . A collective term for the fays or inhabitants of fairyland; fairy-folk. Obs. c 1320 Orfeo *89 Awey with the fayre sche was ynome. c 1350 Will. Palerne 230 pemperour wend witerly for wonder of |>at child, J?at fei^|?ely it were of feyrye. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xiv. 337 The horse, .that cam of the fery. 1525 Ld. Berners Eroiss. II. ccxxiv. [eexx.] 700 Suche as knowe. .affyrmeth that the fayry and the nympes be moche conuersaunt there, c 1540 Pilgrim's Tale 88 Where this man walked, there was no farey .. for his blessynges. .did vanquyche them. 1603 Philotus cxxviii, Gang hence .. to the Farie, With me thow may na langer tarie. + 3 . Enchantment, magic ; a magic contrivance; an illusion, a dream. Obs. c 1300 K. Alls. 6924 That thou herdest is fairye. c 1310 E. E. P. (1862) 134 Hit nis but fantum and feiri. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. Prol. 6 Me bi-fel a ferly A Feyrie me jjouhte. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 11. xxxvi. (18691 89, I wot not what this tokeneth, but if it be a fairye. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon clvi. 595 To y° entente that the monke shuld not begyle hym, thus by the fayrey and enchaunte- ment. 4 . One of a class of supernatural beings of dimi¬ nutive size, in popular belief supposed to possess magical powers and to have great influence for good or evil over the affairs of man. See Elf and Fay sb . 2 1393 Gower Conf. II. 371 And as he were a fairie. ^1450 Voc. 111 Wr. -W flicker 571 Cavni , fay ryes. 1563 F ulke Meteors (1640) 68 b, Those round circles .. that ignorant people af- firme to be the rings of the Fairies dances. 1583 Sempill Ballates xxxv. 210 Ane carling of the Quene of Phareis. 1650 Baxter Saint's R. 11. (1654) 270 Hags (or Fairies) that is, such as exercise familiarity with men. 1743 Collins Ep. to Sir T. Hatimer 98 Twilight fairies tread the circled Green. 1813 Shelley Q. Mab 167, I am the Fairy Mab. 1832 W. Irving Alhambra I. 128 She is small enough to be a fairy, and a fairy she may be for aught I can find out. 1891 Daily Neius 30 Oct. 5/1 The first appearance of the conventional Fairy, .is made in Perrault's ‘ Contes ’ (1697). b. Fairy of the mine : a goblin supposed to in¬ habit mines. (The designation is used by Milton ; later writers use it as the equivalent of the German kobold or gnome.) + Fairy of the sea : a Nereid. 1555 Eden Decades 12 The fayre nimphes or fayeres of the sea (cauled Nereiades). 1607 Topsell Fourf Beasts (1673) 2 6i The Virgin lived among the Pharies of the Sea. 1634 [see Faerie 3]. 18.. Scot. Encycl. s.v., The Germans believed in two species of Fairies of the Mines. 5. transf. fa. One possessing more than human power; an enchantress. Obs. 1606 Shaks. Ant. <5- Cl. iv. viii. 12 To this great faiery [Cleopatra], lie commend thy acts. b. A small graceful woman or child. 1838 Lytton Alice 21 Miss Merton was. .surprised by the beauty, .of the young fairy before her. B. adj. 1 . Of or pertaining to fairies; of the nature of fairies ; enchanted, illusory, fictitious. c 1640 Waller To one who libelled C'tcss Carlisle iii, Hast thou not heard of fairy Arthur’s shield. 1699 Bentley Thai. 286 His two Fairy Poets wrote Tragedies against him. 1713 Guardian No. 141 The fairy images of glory and honour. 1821 Shelley Epipsych. 193 The fairy isles of sunny lawn. 2 . Resembling a fairy, fairy-like; delicate, finely formed or woven. 1788 W. Gilpin Mount, f Lakes II. 223 Little fairy scenes, where the parts, tho trifling, are happily disposed. 1838 Lytton Alice 11. ii, Delicate and fairy cast of beauty, a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) I. 229 Many a fairy form I’ve met. 1864 Tennyson Aylmer's F. 91 [He] Show’d her .. The little dells of cowslip, fairy palms, .fairy pines. 1883 Al¬ drich Ponkapog to Pesth 243 Fairy textures from looms of Saniarcand. C. attrib. and Comb. 1 . General relations : a. simple attrib., as fairy- arro 7 V, -book, etc.; also in various local names for the Foxglove {Digitalis purpurea), faity-bell, -cap, -fingers, -glove, -thimble, -weed; b. appositive, as fairy-folk, -godmother ; c. instrumental and origi¬ native, as fairy-born, -haunted, -pencilled adjs.; d. parasynthetic and similative, as fairy featured, -formed, -like adjs. 1864 Tennyson Aylmer's F. 94 What look’d a flight of *fairy arrows 1870 Science Gossip 1 June 135 In Anglo- Irish we call it [the Foxglove] .. *fairy bell. 1850 Mrs. Browning Poems II. 213 A child .. sleeping with dropt head Upon the v fairy-book he lately read. 1871 Palgrave Lyr. Poems 11 All these things. .So wrought on her, though *fairy bom and wild, c 1620 Convert Soule in Farr S. P. Jos. /(1848) 89 And for thy food eat *fairy bread. 1828 Miss Mitford Village 3rd Ser. (1863) 83 The prettier Irish name of that superb plant [the fox-glove], the *fairy-cap. 1681 Dryden Sp. Friar 11. 21 These *Fayery favours are lost when not concealed. 1778 Langhorne Owen of Carron lxvii, The ^fairy-featured vale. 1878-86 Britten & Holland Plant-n ., * Fairy fingers, Digitalis purpurea L. 1513 Doug¬ las AEneis vin.xi. 7Nymphis and Favnis. .Quhilk*fairfolkis . .clepyng we. 1827 Pollok Course T. hi, Tales Of fairy folk and sleepless ghosts. 1864 Tennyson Aylmer's E. 90 The *fairy footings on the grass. 1816 Byron Ch. Har. 111. cii, Bees and birds, And * fairy-form'd and many-colour'd things. 1870 Science Gossip 1 June 135 Its [foxglove’s] other name * *fairy glove’. 1883 Ouida Wanda I. 43 A very *fairy godmother. 1792 S. Rogers Pleas. Mem. 11. 3 To view the *fairy-haunts of long-lost hours. 1603 Harsnet Pop. Impost. 21 The poore Wench was so *Fayrie haunted, as she durst not goe .. to Ma. Dibdale hir chamber alone. 1891 Sale Catal. Glass Wks. Stourbridge , Five * fairy lamps. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. iv. iv. 57 Let them all encircle him about And *fairy-like to pinch the vneleane knight. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop i, So slight and fairy-like a creature. 1867 Dkutsch Rem. 11874) 5 Hieroglyphical *fairy-lore. 1813 Shelley Q. Mab i. 91 Those who had looked upon the sight .. Saw but the *fairy pageant. 1810 Associate Minstrels 105 The ^fairy-penciled spray. 1884 Holland Chester Gloss., * Fairies' Petticoats, the foxglove. 1794 Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho i, Tell the Goddess of this * fairy scene. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. 11. ii. 1 Come, now a Roundell, and a - Fairy song. 1864 Tennyson Aylmer's F. 89 He had .. told her *fairy-tales. 1878-86 Britten & Holland Plant-n., *Fairy Thimbles, Digitalis purpurea\a. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. vii. § 25 They have exposed their *fairy ware not to cheat but divert us. 1870 Science Gossip 1 June 135 In Anglo-Irish we call it [the Foxglove].. x fairy weed. 2 . Special Comb. : fairies-arrow, = Elf-shot 2 ; fairies’ bath, Peziza coccinea ; fairy-beads (see quot.) ; fairy-bell (see quot. 1861); fairy- bird (see quot.) ; fairy (fairies’) butter, (a) (see quot. 1777), (b) Tremella albida ; fairy-cheeses, Malva rotundiflora , from the shape of the seeds; fairy-circle, (a) = Fairy-ring, (b) a fairy-dance, (c) a circle of fairies dancing; hence fairy- circled a. ; fairy-court, the court of some fairy king or queen ; fairy-cucumber (see quot.) ; fairy- cups, ( a ) Primula veris, (b) —fairies' bath ; hence fairy-cupped a .; fairy-dance, (a) — Fairy-king, (b) dance of the fairies, in quot. fig. ; fairy- dart, = Elf-shot ; fairy-eggs (see quot.) ; fairy- fingermarks (see quot.); fairy-flax, Litium catharticum ; fairy-grass Briza media ; fairy- green, = Fairy-ring ; fairy-groat (see quot.) : fairies’-hair, Cuscula epithymum ; fairy-hammer (see quot.) ; fairy-hillock (see quot.) ; fairies- horse, Senecio Jacobwa ; fairy-lint, = fairy-flax ; fairy-loaf (see quot.); fairy-martin, Austra¬ lian name for Hirundo arid ; fairy-money, money given by fairies, said lo crumble away rapidly ; fairy-mushroom, a toadstool ; + fairy-^ nips (see quot.) ; fairy-pavements, cubes used in Roman pavements ; fairy-pipe, an old kind of tobacco-pipe, frequently dug up in Great Britain ; fairy-purse (see quot.); fairy-queen, the queen of the fairies; fairy-rade, Sc., the expedition of the fairies to the place where they are to hold their annual banquet; fairy-shrimp, = Chirocc- phalus diaphanus , a British fresh-water crustacean ; fairy-sparks (see quot. 1875); fairy-stone, (a) a fossil sea-urchin orechinite, (b) a flint arrow-head, Elf-shot 2; fairies’-table, various fungi; fairy (fairies’)-treasure, -wealth, = fairy-money ; f fairy-walk, = Fairy-ring. 1794 Sutherland in Statist. Ace. Scot. X. 15 The common people confidently assert that they [celts] are ’’fairies’ arrows, which they shoot at cattle. 1878- 86 Britten & Holland Plant-n., *Fairics' Bath. 1831 J. Hodgson in Raine Man. (1858) II. 222 The crinoidea or enchrinal fossil, which in Cumberland is called ’’fairy beads. 1861 Mrs. I.ankester Wild Flowers 47 The tiny white flowers [of Wood Sorrel], .are called by the Welsh ‘*fairy bells ’. 1885 Swainson Prov. Names Birds 204 Little Tern ..*Fairy bird (Galwayl. 1777 Brand Pop. Antiq. (1813) II. 339 There is a substance found, .in crevices of lime-stone rocks .. near Holywell .. which is called Menyn Tylna Teg or " Fairies Butter. So also in Northumberland the common people call a certain fungous excrescence, sometimes found about the roots of old trees, ' Fairy Butter. 1878-86 Britten & Hot.land Plant-n., Phiry-Butter. Ibid.,* Fairy cheeses. 1653 H. More Antid. Ath. iii. xi. § i Those dark Rings in the grass which they call * Fairy-Circles. 1711 Acc. Dis- temper Tom Whigg 11. 44 Tom .. trod out Fair.y Circles at the Head of each Tribe. 1854 in Proc. Bene. Nat. Club (1873) VII. 32 In the churchyard there is a large ..fairy circle. 1859 T ennyson Guinevere 255 The flickering fairy- circle wheel’d and broke Flying. 1777 Warto.n Monody Poems 7 Fancy’s *fairy-circled shrine, a 1649 Drumm. of Hawth. Wks. (1711) 44 To .. know the sports Of foreign shepherds, fawns, and *fairy-courts. 1708 Phil. Trans. XXVI. 78 The Ecknite Spoke, or *Fairy Cucumber. 1878-86 Britten & Holland Plant-n.,*Fairy Cups. 1863 Browning Poems, By Fire-side 59 The *fairy-cupped Elf-needled mat of moss. 1675 Evelyn Terra (1776) 62 A florid green circle FAIRYBABE. 31 FAITH. or "‘Fairy-dance at the bottom. 1798 Sotheby tr. Wieland's Oberon (1826) I. 51 The twinkling fairy-dance of light and shade. 1877 Brewer Diet. Phrase <$• Fable 284 * Fairy - darts , flint arrowheads now called celts, i860 J. F. Camp¬ bell Talcs W.Highl, I. Introd. 1 Fishermen, .often find cer¬ tain hard, light floating objects, .which they call sea-nuts.. and ^fairy-eggs. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss. ,* Fairy finger-marks, hollow marks in limestone as if fingers had been pressed upon the stones when soft. 1841 Longf. Wreck Hesp. ii, Blue were her eyes as the *fairy-flax. 1878-86 Britten & Holland Plant-n., * Fairy grass. 1819 Edin. Mag. July 19 He wha tills the *fairy green, Nae luck again sail hae. 1577-87 Harrison England 11. 11. xxiv. 218 Some peeces [of coine],. are dailie taken vp, which they call .. *Feirie groats. 1627 Drayton Nymphidia 71 In their courses make that round, In meadows, .found, By them so call’d the * Fairy-ground. | 1878-86 Britten & Holland Plant-n., * Fairies' hair. \ 1815 Clan-Albin II. 240 note, * Fairy-hammers are pieces ' of green porphyry, shaped like the head of a hatchet. 1808- 79 Jamieson, * Fairy-hillocks .. verdant knolls .. from the vulgar idea that these were anciently inhabited by the fairies, or that they used to dance there. 1877 Brewer Diet. Phrase <$• Fable 284 Fairy-hillocks. 1878-86 Britten & Holland Plant-n ., * Fairies* Horse. Ibid., * Fairy lint. 1877 B rewer Diet. Phrase <$• Table 284 Fairy loaves .. fossil sea-urchins (echini), said to be made by the fairies. 1865 Gould Handbk. Birds Australia I. 113 The * Fairy Martin is dispersed over all the southern portions of Aus¬ tralia. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. 1. iv. (1695) 38 Such bor¬ rowed Wealth, like * Fairy-money. .will be but Leaves and Dust when it comes to use. 1849 Lytton Caxt o?is xvii. vi, Half-suspecting they must already have turned into withered leaves like fairy-money. 1884 Miller Plant-n. 137 Toad¬ stool .. * Fairy-Mushroom. Any of the poisonous Fungi. 1656 Adey Candle in Dark 129 There be also found iq \Vomen with Childe .. certain spots black and blew, as if they were pinched or beaten, which some common ignorant people call ^Fairy-nips. 1787 Archxol. .VIII. 364 Some small stone cubes .. which the country people called *fairy pavements. 1867 Chambers' Encycl. s.v. Tobacco-pipes, From their smallness, some ancient tobacco-pipes are called 'fairy pipes. 1877 E. Peacock Manley «$• Corringham Gloss., * Fairy-purses, a kind of fungus .. something like a cup, or old-fashioned purse. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. 11. i. 9, I serue the *Fairy Queene. 1813 Shelley Q. Mab 59 The chariot of the Fairy Queen ! 1859 Tennyson Elaine 1248 Look how she sleeps—the Fairy Queen so fair! 1810 Cromek Remains Nithsdale Song 298 At the first ap¬ proach of summer is held the *Fairy Rade. c 1820 Hogg Woolgatherer in Tales <$• Sk. (1837) I. 196 There have been fairy raids i’ the Hope. 1857 A. White Brit. Crustacea 263 The *Fairy Shrimp seems to live on dead animal or vegetable matter. 1674 Ray S. <$• E. C. Words 65 "‘Fairy-sparks or Shel-fire: Kent: often seen on clothes in the night. 1875 Parish Sussex Gloss., dairy - sparks , phosphoric light seen on various substances in the night-time. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 11. i. 53 That we call a *Fayrie stone, and is often found in gravell pits amongst us. 1791 Ford in Statist. Acc. Scot. I. 73 Arrow points of flint, commonly called elf or fairy stones are to be seen here [Lauder]. 1881 Isle 0/ Wight Gloss., Fairy stones, fossil echini. 1878-86 Britten & Holland Plant-n .,*Fairies Table or Tables, (1) Agaricus campestris. .(2) Hydrocotyle vulgaris. [1632 Massinger & Field Fatal Dowry iv. i, ’Tis ^Fairies' Treasure.] 1698 Norris Pract. Disc. (1707) IV. 15 Every man keeps it [Religion] as a Fairy-Treasure. 1686 Phil. Trans. XVI. 207 The circles in Grasse called commonly *Fairy Walkes. 1652 Brief Char. Low Countries 26 (Brand) She falls off like *Fairy Wealth disclosed. Fairybabe, corrupt form of Fear-babe, -baby. Fairydom (fe^ridsm). [f. Fairy + -dom.] = Fairyland. 1844 R. P. Ward Chatsworth I. 34 The cleverest fingers in fairydom. 1884 Child Eng. Sc. Pop. Ball. 11. xxxix. 336/1 An attempt to rescue a woman from fairydom. Fairyhood (fewrihud). [f. as prec. + -hood.] a. The condition of being under the influence of fairies ; enchanted state, b. Faiiy nature or cha¬ racteristics. c. concr. Fairies collectively. 1832 Fraser s Mag. V. 475 Sipping his coffee in the blessed unconsciousness of the fairyhood of his situation. 1842 Mrs. Browning Grk. Chr. Poets{ 1863) 179The ‘ Midsummer Night’s Dream' displays more of the fairyhood of fairies, than the ‘ Paradise Lost ’ does of the angelhood of angels. 1844 Blackw. Mag. LVI. 85 The down-trodden fairyhood. Fairyism (fe^riiiz’m). [f. as prec. + -ism.] a. The personal qualities of a fairy ; fairy power. Hence transf. the power (of a poet) to cast a spell over a hearer or reader, b. The conditions of fairy existence ; a resemblance to those conditions; fairyland, c. Belief in fairies, fairy-lore. 1715 tr. D’Anois' Wks. 373 The Gift of Faryism, which I receiv’d from my Birth. 1763 H. Walpole Let. G. Mon¬ tagu 17 May, The air of enchantment and fairyism, which is the tone of the place. 1796 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. XXI. 491 The miracles of fairyism. 1803 — in Ann. Rev. I. 265, I would have shown you the great power of my fairyism. 1835 Sir E. Brydges Milton's Comus 182 Thomson .. has not the distinctness and fairyism of Milton. 1843 Blackw. Mag. LIV. 26 What Rousseau, .terms ‘ a false air of magnificence, fairyism, and enchantment ’. 1877 Ouida Puck xxiii. 273 In all her. .winged fairyism. Fairyland (feariloend). [f. as prec. + Land.] The country or home of the fairies; an enchanted land existing only in fancy. 1590 Shaks. Mic^t. N. 11. i. 60 When thou wast stolne away from Fairy Land. 1665 Dryden Itid. Emperor 1. i, Methinks we walk in Dreams on Fairy Land. 17.. Gray in Corr. N. Nicholls (1843) 294 King Arthur was not dead, but translated to Fairy-Land. 1833 Tennyson Poems 20 Looming like baseless fairyland. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets vii. 231 Euripides, .entered the fairyland of dazzling fancy. Fairy-ring (fe^riirii]). [f. as prec. + Ring.] A circular band of grass differing in colour from the grass around it, a phenomenon supposed in popular belief to be produced by fairies when dancing; really caused by the growth of certain fungi. 1599 B. Jonson F.v. Man out of Hum. Epil., Let. .turtle¬ footed peace dance fayrie rings About her court. 1698 Nor¬ ris Pract. Disc. (1707) IV. 222 We tread the same Fairy¬ ring. 1791 E. Darwin Bof. Gard. 1. 36 So from dark clouds the playful lightning springs, Rives the firm oak, or prints the Fairy-rings. 1832 Veg. Subst. Food 328 The ‘ fairy rings ’ . .are found, .upon dry downs. 1875 in Sussex Gloss. b. attrib. in fairy-ring-champignon, etc. 1884 Miller Plant-n., Fairy-ringChampignon, see Cham¬ pignon. Ibid., Mushroom, fairy-ring. Marasmiusoreades and M. urens. Fairyship (fe>-rijip). [f. as prec. +■ -ship; cf. his lordship.'] The personality of a fairy. 1854 Blackw. Mag. LXXV. 413 Her fairyship may fairly be considered to be already sufficiently rewarded. Faisable, -ible, obs. ff. of Feasible. + Fait, sb. Law. Obs. [a. Fr. fait deed, act: see the variant Feat.] a. A deed. b. In the translation of Perkins: Act of parties, as distin¬ guished from operation of law. 1562 Act s Eliz.c. 14 §12 Convicted .. in an Action of forger of false Faytes. 1642 tr. Perkins rrof. Bk. iii. 5 191. 85 The difference betweene a license in fait and a license in Law. 1651 W. G. tr. CtnoeCs Inst. 182 Amongst those Obligations in writing, which wee call Faits or Deeds. Fait, obs. form of F'eat. + Fait, v . 1 Obs. Also 4 fayte(n. [? Back- formation from Faitoub.] 1 . intr. To act or speak falsely, use false pre¬ tences ; to beg on false pretences. <71320 Sir Tristr. 3054 Falsly canestow fayt. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xv. 208 Aile suche pei faiten. 1393 Ibid. C. 1. 43 Faytynge for hure fode. 2 . trans. To deceive, lead astray. c 1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 76 My fleissche in ouerhope wokle me faite. Hence Farting vbl. sb., deceit, pretence. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. x. 38 But Jx> )>at feynen hem fobs, and with faityng libbeth. t Fait, v . 2 Obs. [ad. OF. faitier , f. fait, pa. pple. of faire to do.] trans. To arrange, con¬ struct, fit. i6 35 ^> Burgh Rec. Glasgow I. 482 Hinging of the said bell and failing all wark thairto. t Faite, v. Obs . [aphet. f. of Afaite.] — Afaite 4, 5. 1362 Langl P. Pi. A. v. 49 Heo wolde vn-souwen hire smok, and setten |?er an here Forte fayten hire Flesch. 1393 Ibid. C. ix. 30 Faite py faucones to culle wylde foules. t Faiterous, a. Obs. rare. [f. faiter, Faitour + -ous.] Characterized by deceit ; treacherous. 1600 Holland Livy in. xviii. 100 Faiterous and secret mischeefe was underhand practised by the Tribunes. Ibid. 959 Peevish folly first and faiterous falshood afterwards. + Fai’tery. Obs. Forms: 4-7fai-, fayterie, -y(e, (4 faytrye, 6 faitry). [f. as prec. + -Y.j Fraud, deception, hypocrisy. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xi. 90 And wher-of serueth lawe . .if nolyf vndertoke it, Falsenesse ne faytrye. c 1430 Pilgr. LyJ Manhode 11. liii. (1869) 96 Not that j sey thee thus for to putte thee in to faitourye [mistransl. Fr .festardye ‘ in¬ dolence’]. c 1440 Parv. 147 Fayterye,_/?r/zY>. 1529 More Dyaloge 1. Wks. 40/1, I let passe ouer the faitry and falshed that is therin vsed. 1600 Holland Livy xxxiv, xxiii. 867 He [Philip of Macedon] charged the Romanes with fraud and faiterie. Faith (f^J)), sb. Forms : 3 feifl, 3-4 feip, (4 fei}p), 3-6 feith(e, 4-5 feyth(e, 4 faip(e, 4-6 fayth(e, (5 fath, feth), 5-6 faithe, 4- faith. See also Fay sb . 1 [a. OF . feid, feit (pronounced feiti, ? feip : see Suchier in Grober’s Grundriss Rom. Phil. 1 .586), = Pr .fe (nom./i^), Sp., P g.fe, It fede:— Yj.fdem, f. root of fid-fire to trust. The later OF. form fei (whence mod.F.yi?z‘) was also adopted in ME., and survived in certain phrases down to 16th c. : see Fay sb, 1 The L. fides, like its etymological cognate Gr. Trunrc? which it renders in the N. T., had the following principal senses: 1. Belief, trust. 2. That which produces belief, evidence, token, pledge, engagement. 3. Trust in its ob¬ jective aspect, troth ; observance of trust, fidelity.] I. Belief, trust, confidence. 1 . Confidence, reliance, trust (in the ability, good¬ ness, etc., of a person ; in the efficacy or worth of a thing; or in the truth of a statement or doctrine). Const, in, f of. In early use, only with reference to religious objects; this is still the prevalent ap¬ plication, and often colours the wider use. a 1300 Cursor M. 3405 (Cott.) In drightin was his fayth ai fest. <71340 Ibid. 2286 (Trin.) In maumetrie furst fei)? he [nembrot] fond, c 1391 Chaucer Astrol. 11. §4 Observ- auncez..& rytes of paiens. in which my spirit ne hath no feith. 1398 Trevisa Barth De P% R. xv. lxxxvii (1495) 522 The Germans tornyd the Liuones .. to the worshyp and fayth of one god. 1550 Crowley Last Trump. 151 Se that thy fayth be pitched On thy Lord God. 1680 Otway Orphan 11. vii, Attempt no farther to delude my Faith. 176&-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 235 Such an one has great faith in Ward's pills. 1821 Chalmers Semi. I. i. 18 Faith in the constancy of this law. 1837 J* H* Newman Par. Serm. (ed. 2) III. vi. 87 To have faith in God is to surrender oneself to God. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 168 Without faith in human virtue or in human attachment. 1855 Kingsley Lett . (1878) I. 442 There was the most intense faith in him ..that Right was right. b. Belief proceeding from reliance on testimony or authority. 1551 T. Wilson Logike (1580)60!), Anhi.storicall faithe. As I doe beleve that Willyam Conquerour was kyng of Eng- lande. a 1628 Preston Breastpi. Faith (1630) 15 Faith is.. assenting to Truthes for the Authority of the Speaker. 1725 Watts Logic 11. ii. § 9 When we derive the Evidence of any Proposition from the Testimony of others, it is called the Evidence of Faith. <11873 Huxley in Hainerton Intell. Life viii. ii. (1873) 209 The absolute rejection of authority . .the annihilation of the spirit of blind faith. 2 . Phrases. To give faith : to yield belief to. To pin ones faith to or upon : to believe implicitly. 1430 Fas ton Lett. No. 1 a I. 30, I prey yow to gyve feith and credence touchant this matier. 1552 Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884)27 Fayth to hegeven to the Word of God. 1556 Aurelio I sab. (1608) I vij, One oughte to geve more feithe unto the secrete consentment of the soule, than [etc.]. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxxv. 140Opinions, .unto which they give so much faith, that nothing can he able to remove them from it. 1702 Pope Dry ope 69 If to the wretched any faith be giv’n. 1710 Hearne Collect. 4 Mar., Some pin.. their Faith on. .Hoadly. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian vi, You believe, .that I am willing to give faith to wonderful stories. 1812 Shelley Propos. Association Prose Wks. I. 270 Well- meaning people, who pin their faith upon their grand¬ mother's apronstring. 1885 London Society Apr. 357 The .. practitioner of the old school .. pins his faith to time- honoured methods. 3 . Theol. in various specific applications, a. Belief in the truths of religion ; belief in the au¬ thenticity of divine revelation (whether viewed as contained in Holy Scripture or in the teaching of the Church), and acceptance of the revealed doc¬ trines. b. That kind of faith (distinctively called saving ox justifying faith ) by which, in the teach¬ ing of the N.T., a sinner is justified in the sight of God. This is very variously defined by theologians (see qnots.), but there is general agreement in re¬ garding it as a conviction practically operative on the character and will, and thus opposed to the mere intellectual assent to religious truth (some¬ times called speculative faith). C. The spiritual apprehension of divine truths, or of realities beyond the reach of sensible experience or logical proof. By Christian writers often identified with the pre¬ ceding ; but not exclusively confined to Christian use. Often viewed as the exercise of a special faculty in the soul of man, or as the result of super¬ natural illumination. 1382 Wyclif Jas. ii. 17 Feith, if it haue not werkes, is deed in it silf. 1526 Tindale Prol. Moses Wks. 7 Fayth, is the beleuyng of Gods promises, and a sure trust in the goodnes and truth of God, which fayth justified Abrah. 1555 Eden Decades Pref. to Rdr. (Arb.) 51 Abraham the father of fayth. 1581 Marbeck Bk. of Notes 375 Faith, .maketh God & man friends. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. 111. xlii. 271 Faith is a gift of God, which Man can neither give, nor take away. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. iv. xviii, Faith..is the Assent to any Proposition, .upon the Credit of the Proposer, as coming from God, in some extraordinary way of Com¬ munication. 1700 Burkitt On N. T. John i. 12 Faith is . .such an affiance in Christ .. as is the parent and principle of obedience to him. 1744 Swift Semi. Trinity 52 Faith is an entire Dependence upon the Truth, the Power, the Justice, and the mercy of God. 1781 Cowper Expost, iii Faith, the root whence only can arise The graces of a life that wins the skies. 1830 Wordsw. Russian Fugitive 11. xi, That monumental grace Of Faith, i860 Pusey Min. Froph. 415 The faith of which he speaks, is a real true confiding faith. 1869 Goulbourn Purs. Holiness iii. 21 Faith, .the faculty by which we realize unseen things. 4 . That which is or should be believed, a. A system of religious belief, e. g. The Christian, Jewish, Mohammedan, etc., faith. Also, Con¬ fession, Rule of Faith, for which see those words. c 1325 Coerde L. 4062 He is at the Sarezynes faith. C1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 24 At haly kirkes fayth alle on were bo|?e. *393 Langl. P. PI. C. xviii. 258 In a faith lyuej? )>at folke, and in a false mene. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) iii. 18 Thei varien from oure Feithe. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 1 The cristen feythe is affermed. 1529 More Dyaloge 11. Wks. 179/1 The churche. .muste. .haue all one fayth. 1553 Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arh.) 24 They haue no law written and are of no faith. 1599 Shaks. Muck Ado 1. i. 75 He weares his faith hut as the fashion of his hat. 1611 Bible Jude 3 Earnestly contend for the faith which was once deliuered vnto the Saints. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. viii. 21, I swear to thee by the faith of Pagan, that [etc.]. 1832 W. Irving Alhambra I. 302 Are you willing to re¬ nounce the faith of your father ? 1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Laws. iii. 81 The child should be brought up in the religious faith of the father. transf. 1878 Morley Byron Crit. Misc. 1st Ser. 224 It was perhaps the secret of the black transformation of the social faith of '89 into the worship of the Conqueror of '99. b. The faith : the true religion ; usually = the Christian faith. Also, without article in certain phrases, as contrary to faith, etc. Of faith : part and parcel of the faith. a 1300 Cursor AI. 21013 (Cott.) Iacob k e mar .. fe land o spaigne in fait he fest. c 1340 Ibid. 8990 1 Fairf.) pat caytef kinde .made him [salamon] in |>efaif> ful fals. a 137s Joseph Arim. 11 Joseph .. hedde I-turned to b e feyb, fifti with him-seluen. c 1485 Digby Myst. 11. 240 A very pynacle of the fayth. 1555 Eden Decades l’ref. to Rdr. (Arb.) 50 wwry., The Indians subdued to the fayth. 1611 Bible Transl. Pref. 3 A manifest falling away from the Faith. 1635 Pacitt Christiauogr. 1. iii. (1636) 108 The Gospel conteineth intirely FAITH. 32 FAITHFUL the faith. 1844 Lingard Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1845) II. App. 401 Matters contrary to faith. 1867 Bp. Forbes Explan. 30 Art. i. (1881) 5 The uncompounded nature of God is of faitn. c. What is believed, or required to be believed, on a particular subject, f Also pi. points of faith, tenets. c 1380 Wyclif Sel. IVAs. III. 378 Freris perverten po right feithe of po sacrament of ho auter. 1513 Bradshaw SI. Werburge 1.1638 Prechynge. .The faythes of holy chyrche. 1845 Maurice Mor. Met. Philos, in Encycl. Metrop. II. 632/1 VVe assumed the common faith of our countrymen respecting the .. discipline of the Jew to be true. 1883 H. Drummond Nat. Law in Spir. IP. 276 A repetition of the Hebrew poets’ faith. f 5 . Ad of {the) faith : = Auto da fe. Ohs. 1656 Ben Israel Vitid. Judseorum in Phenix (1708) II. 400 The Act of the Faith, which is ordinarily done at To¬ ledo, was done at Madrid, Anno 1632. 1709 Land. Gaz. No. 4565/1 On the thirtieth of the last Month an Act of Faith was held in this City [Lisbon] by the Inquisition. II. Inducement to belief or trust. + 6. Power to produce belief, credit, convincing authority. Ohs. ✓*1638 Mede Ep. to Estwick Wks. iv. 836 S. Jerom is a man of no faith with me. 1808 W. Mitford Hist. Greece IV. xxxi. (app.) 124 It may not be unnecessary, .towards establishing the faith of the foregoing, .narrative. + 7 . Attestation, confirmation, assurance. Ohs. 1393 Gower Con/. III. 326 To yive a more feith .. In blacke clothes they hem cloth. 1556 Aurelio Sflsab. (1608) F vj, The manney folde paines .. makethe cleare faithe inoughe, that the greter follie is yowres. 1654 Jer. Taylor Real Pres. xii. 27 An excellent MS. that makes faith in this particular. 1730 A. Gordon Maffiei s Amphith. 375 Rely¬ ing on the Faith of Books. t 8. Assurance given, formal declaration, pledge, promise. In phrases, To do, make faith ( = L. fid&m facere ) : to affirm, promise, give surety. I'o give {one's) faith ( = L. fidem dare) : to give as¬ surance, pledge one’s word. On his faith: on parole. Obs. 1382 Wyclif Prov. xi. 15 He shal be tormentid with euel that doth feith [Vul g./idem facit] for a stranger, c 1400 Destr. Troy 548 pat 3e me faith make, In dede for to do as I desyre wille. £1430 Syr Gcner. (Roxb.) 9969 He toke feith of free and bond. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 223/1 Alle madefayth to other that [etc.]. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccxi. 254 The kyng of England .. trusted them on theyr faithes. 1548 Hall Chron. 184 b, EmOngest men of warre, faith or othe, syldome is perfourmed. 1558 Bp. Watson Sev. Sacram. xxviii. 178 Jane, here I geue to thee my faythe and truthe. .1 wyll marrye thee. 1581 Marbeck Bk. 0/ Notes 807 Faith was made to them, that .. they should come safe. 1641 Baker Chron. (1679) 32/2 King William.. upon faith given returns to London. 1685 H. Consett Prac. Spir. Courts 265 If the Plaintiff doth personally make Faith, that [etc.]. b. On the faith of : in reliance on the security of. 1734 tr. Roilin's Anc. Hist. (1827) I. 344 [They] traded there on the faith of treaties. 1839 Thirlwall Greece VII. lvii. 204 On the faith of his oath they had placed themselves in his power. 1866 Crump Banking i. 28 The bank-note is circulated entirely upon the faith of the issuing bank. 1890 Sir R. Romkr in Lmu Times ’ Rep. LXIII. 685/2 The plaintiff applied for shares .. on the faith of the prospectus. III. The obligation imposed by a trust. 9 . The duty of fulfilling one’s trust; allegiance owed to a superior, fealty; the obligation of a pro¬ mise or engagement. c 1250 Gen. Ex. 2187 Bi 5 e feiS ic 03 to king pharaon. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 333 pe best were pan in his feith. 1389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 39 The feyth pat kei owen to God. 14.. Customs 0/Malton in Surtees Misc. (1890) 63 He schall never clame no thyng. .bott alonly hys faythe for hys .. lande. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes 0/Aymon xxv. 538 Vpon the feyth that ye owe to me. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 78 Untill he were returned unto his fayth. 1598 W. Phillips Linschoten in Arb. Garner III. 15 The Lords., took their oaths of faith and allegiance unto Don Philip. 1671 Milton Samson 987 Who to save Her countrey from a fierce destroyer, chose Above the faith of wedlock-bands. 1863 Mary Howitt tr. F. Bremers Greece I. vii. 245 I'o give their faith and obedience to the French monarch. b. In many phrases, in which the sense ap¬ proaches that of 8 : to engage, pledge, plight {one's) faith ; f to swear, perjure one's faith ; to keep (t hold), break , violate {one's) faith ; so breach of faith. c 1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 3274 For glotonye he brake his fayth. c 1374 Chaucer Former Age 48 Everych of hem his feith to oother kepte. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) xii. 138 Non of hem holdethe Feythe to another. 1483 Caxton Cato Bj, A man ought, .to kepegfeyth unto his frendes. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. v. ii. 283 Berowne hath plighted faith to me. c 1592 Marlowe Jew 0/Malta 11. ii, Faith is not to be held with heretics. 1665 Manley Grotius' Lo'io C. IVarres 339 No Faith is to be held with such as differ from them. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. viii. 25, 1 my Nisa’s perjur’d Faith deplore. 1700 — Palamon 4- Arcite 78 For you alone, I broke my Faith with injur'd Palamon. 1781 Gibbon Decl. <$• F. II. 129 The two princes mutually engaged their faith never to [etc.]. 1874 Stubbs Const. Hist. (1875) II. xv. 296 He led the way and kept faith. 10 . The quality of fulfilling one’s trust; faith¬ fulness, fidelity, loyalty, + To bear faith ; to be loyal to. c 1250 ( 7 *;/. <5- Ex. 2678 Dat him sal feiS wurdful ben boren. a 1300 Cursor M. 6980 (Cott.) pair faith lasted littel space, bai. .lefte pe lagh of hei drightin. c 1391 Chaucer Astrol. Frol. 2 Alle that him feyth bereth & obeieth. 1393 Gower Con/. III. 70 Thus he .. feigneth under guile feitn. 1590 Shaks. Mias. N. m. ii. 127 Bearing the badge of faith to proue them true. 1593 — 2 Hen. V 7 , v. i. 166 Oh where is Faith? Oh, where is Loyalty? 1649 Evelyn Mem. (1857) 111 . 40 Persons of great faith to his Majesty’s cause. 1741 Middleton Cicero I. vi. 492 Illustrious for victory and faith. 1810 T. Jefferson Writ. (1830) IV. 137 Confidence, .in our faith and probity. 1844 H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 166 Indignant at his want of faith. 11 . Good faith , bad faith : =L. bona, mala fates, in which the primary notion seems to have been the objective aspect of confidence well or ill bestowed. The Eng. uses closely follow those of L. a. Good faith : fidelity, loyalty (= sense 10) ; esp. honesty of intention in entering into engage¬ ments, sincerity in professions, Bona fides. c 1340 Cursor M. 6778 (Fairf.) To vse gode faip god vs bede. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxv. 230 By good feyth and trust. 1824 Mackintosh Sp. Ho. Com. 15 June Wks. 1846 III. 464 They have been able to observe good faith with their creditors. 1871 Blackie Four Phases i. 37 Among what .. men .. are fellowship and good faith possible ? 1885 Sir J. Hannen in Law Reports 15 Q. Bench Div. 139 It is ad¬ mitted that the magistrates .. acted in good faith. b. Bad faith : faithlessness, treachery; intent to deceive. Punic (rarely Carthaginian) faith ( = L .fides Punic a) : faithlessness. 1631 Massinger Believe as you List 11. ii, The Punicque faith is branded by Our enemies. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xlvi. 179 The bad faith of the Chineses. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 174 p 2 Carthaginian Faith was a pro¬ verbial Phrase to intimate Breach of Leagues. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. N r at. (1852) II. 318 French faith became the same among us, as Punic faith had been among the Romans. 12 . In asseverative phrases, a. In {good) faith : in truth, really, * sooth to say c 1350 Will. Palerne 858 And fayn sche wold pan in feip haue fold him in hire armes. c 1386 Chaucer Chan. Yeom. Prol. Sf T. 91 He is to wys in feith, as I bileeue. 1393 Gower Con/. III. 25 In good feith to telle soth I trowe .. She wolde nought her eye swerve. ri4oo Destr. Troy 735 pou failes not in faith of a fowle end. 1513 More Rich. Ill in Grafton Chron. II. 769 In good fayth. .1 would not be he that [etc.]. 1599 Minsheu Dial. Sp. 4- Eng. (1623)28 In faith this mule hath taken degree in Zalamanca. 1755 Smollett Quix. (1803) 107 In good faith, we have no poor kindred now. b. In faith, I faith, faith, good faith : used in- terjectionaily. c 1420 Sir Amadace (Camd.) xii, Nedelonges most I sitte him by. Hi-fath, ther wille him non mon butte I. 1513 More Rich. Ill in Grafton Chron. I. 781 In faith man .. I was never so sory. c 1530 Redforde Play Wit 4 " Sc. (1848) 11 Do ye fle, ifayth ? 1586 A. Day Eng. Secreta?y 11. (1625) 48 Faith sir .. tis but as the wiser sort doe hold opinion. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill , 11. iv. 16 Good faith, good faith, the saying did not hold. 1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. v. iii, Y’faith, we’re well. 1709 Tatter No. 110F4 Faith Isaac .. thou art a very unaccountable old Fellow. 1777 Sheridan Sch. Scand. in. i, Speak to me thus, and i’faith there’s nothing I could refuse you. 1795 Burns For a' That iv, Gude faith, he mauna fa’ that. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge v, I'd rather be in old John’s chimney-corner, faith. 1849 James Woodman \, Good faith, he has no choice. 1855 Browning.#/. Blougram's Apol., Cool i’faith! We ought to have our Abbey back you see. c. In quasi-oaths. By or on my , thy, etc., faith, By the faith of {iny body, love, etc.). My faith ( = Fr. via foil). c 1350 Will. Palerne 275 Now telle me, felawe, be pi fei}p .. sei pou euer pemperour? c 1420 Sir Amadace (Camd.) lxi, But, be my faythe, with-outun stryue. c 1477 Caxton Jason 36 b, By your faith seme ye good that I ought to go after him. c 1489 Caxton Blanc hardy n xxiii. 75 On my feyth ye be well the man. 1588 MarPrel. Epist. (Arb,) 5 By my faith, by my faith .. this geare goeth hard with vs. 1600 Shaks. A. Y. L. 111. ii. 450 By the faith of my loue, I will. 1601 — Alts Well 11. i. 84 Now by my faith and honour. 1798 Coleridge A?ic. Mar. vu. iv, Strange, by my faith ! the Hermit said. 1871 Browning Pr. Hoheust. 1421 Weapons outflourished in the wind, my faith ! If 13 . An alleged designation for a company of merchants. i486 Bk. St. Alban's F vij a, A faith of Marchandis. IV. 14 . Comb. Chiefly objective, as faith- breach, - breaker, -stretcher ; faith-definition, -re¬ formation, -tradition, faith-breaking, -keeping sb. and adj.; faith-confirming, -infringing, + -workful adj. ; faith-wise adv.; faith-cure, a cure wrought by means of ‘the prayer of faith’ {Jas. v. 15) ; whence faith-eurer, -curist, one who believes in or practises faith-cure; faith-fire, fig. the flame of faith; faith-healer = faith-eurer; faith-heal¬ ing, healing by faith-cure ; faith-mark, one of the leading tenets of religion ; faith-press, the In¬ quisition. 1605 Shaks. Mach. v. ii. 18 Now minutely Reuolts vpbraid his * Faith-breach, c 1440 Promp. Parz>. 153 ' Feythe breke(r), /di/ragus. 1561 T. Norton Calvin s I nst. iv. xx. (1634)736 They are false Faith-breakers in their office, a 1649 Drumm. of Hawth. Hist. Jas. II Wks. (1711) 30 They declare the king, and those that abode with him, faith-breakers. 1852 Miss Yonge Cameos II. xxi. 236 He was .. no faith-breaker. 1625 K. Long tr. Barclay s Argenis in. vii. 174 The very instant of her *faith-breaking. 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes in. viii. 123 The .. covetous Faith-breaking Senate. 1645 Quarles Sol. Recant. 56 * Faith-confirming Charity. 1885 Century Mag. XXXI. 274 A *faith-cure is a cure wrought by God in answer to prayer. 1888 Pop. Sc. Monthly XXXII. 507 The miracles claimed by the *faith-curers. 1888 N. Y. Herald 29 July 16/6 Great preparations are being made by the *Faith- Curists .. for their annual conference. 1665 j. Sergeant Sure/ooting in Chr. 209 But he will finde no such fopperies in ^Faith-definitions made by the Catholick Church. 1890 McCave & Breen Alcester Led. 40 Neighbouring bishops were expected to keep the *faith-fire ablaze along their frontiers. 1885 Century Mag. XXXI. 276 We claim that all *faith-healers should report as do our hospitals. 1885 G. Allen in Longm. Mag. VII. 85 Persons who believe in ^faith-healing. 1621 Brathwait Natures Embassic (1877) 24 A * faith-infringing Polymnestor. 1605 Vf.rstegan Dec. Intell. viii. 253This was. .giuen. .in recomendation of loyaltie or *faith-keeping. 3648 Fairfax, etc. Retnonstrance 30 For point of Faith-keeping, .witnesse his Accords with the Scottish Nation, a 1849 J. C. Mangan Poems (1859) 383 The faith-keeping Prince of the Scotts. 1822 Syd. Smith Wks. (1859) II. 8/2 When once the ancient *faith- marks of the Church are lost sight of. 1624 T. Scott Law/uln. Netherlandish War 14 That most intolerable .. thraldome of the Inquisition, or *Faith-presse. 1665 J. Sergeant Sure/ooting in Chr. 233 The .. most refin’d quintessence of all * Faith-Reformation. 1676 Marvell Gen. Councils Wks. 1875 IV. 126 Those *faith-stretchers .. that put mens consciences upon the torture. 1665 J. Ser¬ geant Sure/ooting in Chr. 43 A compleat and proper notion of ^Faith-Tradition. 1869 W. P. Mackay Grace J Truth (3875) 72 Salvation came intellect-wise, and not ^faith-wise. 1604 Broughton Corrupt. Handl. Relig. (1605) 93 Troup- full Gad was grauen in this *faithworkfull stone. t Faith., v. Obs. [f. prec. sb.] a. intr. To place or rest one’s faith on. b. trans. To provide with a creed or standard of faith, c. To utter upon one’s word of honour, d. To give credit to, believe, trust. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Troy 1. vi, By whose example women may well lere How they shuld faith or trusten on any man. 1547 Hooper Declar. Christ v, These decrees that papistry of iate days faithed the church withal. 1553 Grimalde Cicero's Offices 1. (1558) 10 It is called faithfulnes because it is fulfilled which was faithed [quia /at quod dictum est - ]. 1570-6 Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 221 He shall [not] have cause .. to faith the other [opinion] unadvisedly. 1605 Shaks. Lear 11. i. 72 Would the reposal of my trust.. in thee Make thy words faith’d ? t Faithed, fpl. a. Obs. [f. Faith sb. and v. + -ED.] 1 . Having faith: with defining words as feeble- faithed, strongfaithed, etc. C 1374 Chaucer Troylus 1. 1007 They are the folk that .. strengist feithid be. 1532 More Con/ut. Tindale Wks. 507/2 There wer no weake conscience of feble-faithed folk offended. 1545 Joye Exp. Dan. v. 90 He is weake faithed which loueth and enbraceth the trwe doctrine .. albeit he dare not defende it openly. 2 . Of a promise : Given on one’s faith or word of honour. 1553 Grimalde Cicero's Offices 411. (1558)159 Hast thou thy faithed promise broke. Faithful (ftf*']>ful), a. [f. Faith sb. + -ful.] + 1 . Of persons, their actions, etc.: Full of or characterized by Faith (sense 3) ; believing. Obs. exc. absol .: see 7. a 1300 Cursor M. 5348 (Cott.) Faithful abrahain. 1542 Becon Pathw. Prayer Wks. 141 Inflame .. mens hearts with the love of faithful prayer, a 1555 Latimer Serm. <$• Rem. (1845) 155 The poor faithful man is more sure of his living, than if he had the same in his chest. 1610 B. Jonson Alch. 11. i. You are not faithfull, sir. This night, I’ll change All, that is mettall, in thy house, to gold. 1611 Bible Gal. iii. 9 Faithful Abraham. 1759 Dilworth Pope 66 He saw no .. difficulty for a faithful mind to believe the trinity. 2 . Firm in fidelity or allegiance to a person to whom one is bound by any tie; constant, loyal, true. Const, to. a 1300 Cursor I\I. 19799 (Cott.) pair he fand a faithful fi end. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 307 So faithfulle pei bisemed Hope erles and barons. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. 11. 15 To be faith-ful to hym he }aue 30W fyue wittes. c 1440 York Myst. xxxii. 221 Full faithfull schall $e fynde me. 1576 Fleming Panopi. Epist. 162 The chiefest and faythfullest of your favourers. 1639 Dk. Hamilton in H. Papers (Camden) 104 My callage .. such as became your faithfullst servant. 1722 Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) I. Let. to King 4 No small part of his faithful subjects. 1727 De Foe Syst. Magic 1. iii. (1840) 80 [They] vowed themselves to be his faithful allies. 1732 Pope Ess. Man 1. 112 His faithful dog shall bear him company. 1832 Ht. Martineau Dcmerara iii. 35 Be faithful to your master. 1856 Grindon Lije ii. (1875) 13 We must .. be faithful to His revealed law. b. t)'ansf. of things. 1651 tr. Bacon's Li/e <$• Death 51 The Remedies faithfull to the Intentions. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 11. 762 His laithful Bed is crown’d with chaste Delight. 1784 Cowper Task iii. 8 A greensward smooth And faithful to the foot. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xxxii, Whose hand was faithful to his sword. 3 . True to one’s word or professed belief; abid¬ ing by a covenant or promise, steadfast. Const, to. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) xii. 139 Ffor the sarazines ben gode and feypfulle, ffor thei kepen entierly the conunaunde- ment of the holy book Alkoran. 1594 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 11. 187 God is so often. .called faithfull. .because Hee neuer falsifieth His faith. 1611 Bible Dent. vii. 9 The faithfull God, which keepeth Couenant and Mercy with them that loue him. 1690 Dryden Don Sebast. v. 114 Na¬ turally good, And faithfull to his word. 1841 Lane Arab . Nts. I. 100 Are ye remaining faithful to your covenant ? fb. Of a covenant, promise, etc.: Containing a pledge of fidelity, binding. Obs. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. xii. 59 Bwndyn .. wyth fayth* ful Band To succoure pe Fredwme of Scotland, a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon xlviii. 162, 1 haue made a faythfull vow. 1601 Shaks. Twel. N. v. i. 117 The faithfull’st offrings .. That ere deuotion tender’d. 4 . Of persons and their conduct: Conscientious, thorough in the fulfilment of duty. FAITHFULLIST. 33 FAKE. c 1350 Will. Paleme 337 Be fei^tful & fre & euer of faire speche. 1377 Langl. 1 \ Pl, B. vi. 253 pe freke pat fedeth hym-self With his feythful laboure. 1529 More Dyaloge in. Wks. 238/2 So faythfull a prince. 1851 Carlyle Sterling hi. ii. (1872) 180 Faithful assiduous studies. 1892 Lena Times XC 1 I. 144/2 The faithful and conscientious discharge of his duties. b. Often used (? after Prov. xxvi. 6) with refer¬ ence to the duty of telling unwelcome truths or giving unwelcome counsel. Chiefly colloq. 1655 Stanley Hist. Philos. I. 11. v. 17 Think not those faithful who praise all thy .. actions, but those who re¬ prove thy faults. 5 . Of persons and their actions: That may be believed or relied upon ; trustworthy, veracious, f Also, of things : Reliable. 1340-70 Alex. . LXXXIV. 68 The Commander of the Faithful repaired .. to the tomb of the Prophet. 1848 Ma¬ caulay Hist. Eng. I. 159 A communion service at which the faithful might sit. Ibid. 555 Sufficient evidence that he was not one of the faithful [the covenanters]. f b. transf. as a slang term for drunkards. 1609 W. M. Man hi Moon B 3/2 One of the faithfull, as they prophanely terme him .. he will drinke many degrees beyond a Dutchman. + B. adv. — Faithfully. Obs. in educated use. 1556 Aurelio «$• Isab. (1608) A vj, I love her .. faythfuller then you. 1645 Milton Tetrarch. Wks. 1738 I. 233 To see Covenants of greatest moment faithfullest perform'd. 1651 Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camden; 216, I doe faithfull promise and ingage myselfe that [etc.]. C. as sb. A faithful person, a. A true believer, one of ‘ the faithful b. A trusty adherent. a. 1571 Hanmer Chron. Jr el. (1633) 54 What faithfull soever being penitent, shall bee buried there. 1588 A. King tr. Canisius Catech. 15 No work of godlines suld be aestemit of ane trew faithful hard. 1849 Card. Wiseman Miracles N. T. Essays 1853 I. 188 Nor is there reason to suppose, that every simple faithful was a Thaumaturgus.. b. 1648 British Bell-man 2 Whilest the King and his Faithfuls retained their Places of Dominion. Ibid. 4 Your out-cries against those his [the king’s] old faithfulls. 1890 H. M. Stanley Darkest Africa II. p. xiii, The Faithfuls at Zanzibar. t Faithfullist. nonce-wd. [f. prec. adj. + - 1 ST.] A believer. 1653 Urquhart Rabelais n. Prol., You have. .seen, .and like upright Faithfullists, have firmly beleeved all to be true that is contained in them. Faithfully (ff' Jifuli), adv. [f. Faithful a. + -LY 2 .] In a faithful manner. 1. With full faith, trust, or confidence; confid¬ ingly, confidently. Obs. 1401 Pol. Poors 18591 II. 107, I afferme faithfully that that is Cristis body, c 1450 Lonelich Grail xxxvii. 395 Feythfully now trosteth to me. 1551 Bury Wills (1850) 141 Most faythfully beleving .. y* my sowle .. shall rest w th Abrah*m. 1607 Shaks. Timon ill. ii. 46, If his occa¬ sion were not vertuous, I should not vrge it halfe so faithfully. Vol. IV. f b. Assuredly, in truth. Obs. c 1400 Destr. Troy 1890 And pou faithfully a foie, & a freike mad, May be countid in this case. 2 . a. With fidelity or firm allegiance; loyally, truly. Yours faithfully : one of the customary modes of subscribing a letter, b. With strict ad¬ herence to duty, conscientiously. C. Sincerely, truthfully. 1362 Langl. P. Pl. A.vn. 64, I schal fynden hem heore fode pat feipfulliche lyuen. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xxv. 120 He beleuethnot feithfullyinGod. 14. .Pol.Rel.Sf L.Poems{ 1866) 49 Euery wygth pat louyth feythefully. 1550 Crowley Last Trump. 154 Daniel, .serued his prince fayethfully. 1588 J. U d all Demons tr. Discip. (Arb.) 16 The Discipline which they receiued of Christe, they deliuered faythfully to the people. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 1082 Beleeve us.. who love you not fainedly, but faithfully, and in deed. 1632 High Commission Cases (Camden) 317 He. .did. .faithfullie exercise his ministery. 1705 Stanhope Paraphr. II. 254 They who do their own Endeavours faithfully shall be., strengthened to do more. 1772 Junius Lett. lxviii. 335 Those laws..he has sworn to administer faithfully. 1781 Gibbon Decl. F. III. 119 The fatal secret, .was faithfully preserved. 1787 W. Pitt in G. Rose Diaries (i860) I. 68 Most sincerely and faithfully yours, W. Pitt. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 222 Faithfully remembering not to terminate the beating, till [etc.]. 1873 Ouida Pascarel I. 61 We all went to him faithfully. 3 . In strict accordance with the facts or original; accurately, correctly, exactly, truthfully. ?<2x400 Morte Arth. 1913,1 wille. .faythfully tellene. <-1400 Destr. Troy 654, I will you faithfully enforme how ye fare shall. 1556 Lauder Tractate 524, I haue said ye veritie.. faithfullie. 1690 Def. Rights Univ. Oxford Pref., Thus .. do [we] faithfully keep an exact register of their con¬ tentions. 1712 Sped. No. 527 f 2 What I have faith¬ fully related. ^792 Gentl. Mag. 13/1 The church is faith¬ fully represented in the annexed drawing. 1877 Mrs. Oliphant Makers Flor. iii. 79 So came I.. to judge faithfully with my proper eyes. 4 . fa. In a convincing or assuring manner {obs ). b. With binding assurances (still common colloq Cf. Faithful 3 b and Faith 7, 8. c 1384 Chaucer H. Fame 455 So feythfully to me spake he. 1525 Abp. Warham in Ellis Orig. Lett. iii. I. 370 To whome I have feighfully promised not to vtter the same. 1548 Hall Chron. 241 b, Proinisyng faithfully shortly to sende for her. 1600 Shaks. A. Y. L. 11. vii. 192 If that you were the good Sir Rowlands son, As you haue whisper’d faithfully you were. Mod. He promised faithfully to send the book the next day. Faithfulness (fi? l- t>fulnes). [f. as prec. + -ness.] The quality of being faithful, a. Fidelity, loyalty (to a superior or friend) ; trustworthiness, conscientiousness, b. Strict adherence to one’s pledged word; honesty, sincerity, c. Exact cor¬ respondence to an original or to fact. 1388 Wyclif Esther vi. 3 What..meede gat Mardochee for this feithfulnesse? i486 Bk. St. Alban s, Her. Ava, Cherefull to faythfulnes. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huo?i lxxxii. 253 Gretepetye it shalbe yf ye sholde dye for your trouth and faythfulnes. 1581 Sidney Apol. Poe trie (Arb.) 19 The beast of most. .faithfulnes. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. 11. vi. § 12 The truth and faithfulness of God. 1688 South Serm. (1704) I. xii. 517 The Band, that, .supports all Com¬ pacts, is Truth and Faithfulness. 1700 Burkitt On N. T. Matt. x. 40-2 Our .. Saviour encourages his Apostles to Faithfulness in their Office. 1783 Hailes Antiq. Chr. Ch. ii. 31 The faithfulness and loyalty of the Jews to the Roman government. 1869 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) III. xii. 191 The valour and faithfulness of the house of Geroy. 1885 Manch. Exam. 15 May 5/2 Persons .. dependent upon each other’s stability and faithfulness. Mod. 1 was exceed- ingly pleased with the faithfulness of the likeness. Faithless (fifties), a. [f. Faith sb. + -less.] Without faith. 1 . Without belief, confidence, or trust; unbeliev¬ ing. Const, J of, in. a 1300 Cursor M. 6517 (Cott.) To pis fait-les lede Manna fel. 1611 Bible John xx. 27 And bee not faithlesse, but beleeuing. 1681 Luttrell Brief Ret. (1857) I- I2 3 The more sober sort .. are not altogether faithlesse as to his innocency. 1826 E. Irving Babylon II. vi. 74 Men are not now more faithless of Armageddon, than [etc. ]. 1842 Lowell Sonnets xvi, A11 old man faithless in Humanity. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. evi, The faithless coldness of the times. b. Without religious faith ; unbelieving. Of a heathen or a Jew : Without Christian faith. Also absol. The faithless : unbelievers. Now rare. 1534 More On the Passion Wks. 1320/1 That dede doone by y' faythlesse is not meritorius at al. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Rom. Prol. sig. if i, Else shalt thou remaine euermore faithlesse. 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. iii. 34 He.. shall .. holy Church with faithlesse handes deface. 1628 W ither Brit. Rememb. vi. 252 As faithlesse as the Jewes, are we. absol. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iii. (1586) 138 b, A great number of others imagined by the faithlesse. 2 . Destitute of good faith, unfaithful, insin¬ cere ; false to vows, etc., perfidious, disloyal. Const, to. 1362 Langl. P. Pl. A. x. 135 Fals folk and Feiples, peoues and lysers. 1399 Pol. Poems (1859) I* 377 The ffortune that fiallyn is to ffeitheles peple. 1613 Shaks. Heyu Vl/I % 11. i. 123 A most vnnatural and faithlesse Seruice. 1678 Wanley Wond. Lit. World v. ii. § 81. 478/2 A man. .of a.. faithless disposition. 1725 Pope Odyss. xiv. 322 Domestic in his faithless roof I staid. 1786 Burke W. Has tings Wks. 1842 II. 214 The dangerous, faithless, and ill-concerted projects of the. .council of Bombay. 1807 Crabbe Par. Reg. u. 142 The faithless flatterer. 1839 Kkightley Hist. Eng. II. 65 She had never been faithless to the royal bed. 3 . That cannot be trusted or relied on ; unstable, treacherous, shifting, delusive. 1603 Shaks. Aleas. for M. iii. i. 137 Oh faithlesse Coward, oh dishonest wretch. 1738 Johnson London 239 The mid¬ night murd’rer bursts the faithless bar. 1766 Goldsm. Hermit 10 Yonder faithless phantom flies To lure thee to thy doom. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xlix. (1856) 466 Striving to tear us from this faithless anchorage. Hence Fai thlessly adv. y in a faithless manner. 1643 Prynne Treachery <$• Disloyalty App. 218 Had we.. not laithlessely betrayed, but sincerely discharged the severall trusts reposed in us. Faithlessness (fJi'plesnes). [f- prec. +-ness.] The quality or fact of being faithless, a. Want of fidelity, disloyalty, perfidy, b. Want of good faith, insincerity, c. Want of religious belief; infidelity. 1605 Bp. Hall Medit. <$• Vows 1. § 10 So great distrust is there in man. .from his impotence or faithlesnes. 1726 Popf. Let . to Bethel 9 Aug. Lett. (1737) 320, I. .wish he had lived long enough to see so much of the faithlessness of the world, as to have been [etc.]. 1758 T. Edwards Canons Crit. (1765) 344 Sharp are the pangs that follow faithlessness. 1790 Blair Serm. III. xiii. 275 When the heart is sorely wounded by the ingratitude or faithlessness of those on whom it had leaned, a 1849 J. H. Evans in Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. lxxi. 17 The faithlessness of Abiathar, and the faithlessness of even his faithful Joab. 1849 Grote Greece 11. xlvii. VI. 6 Perdikkas whose character for faithlessness we shall ave. .to notice, i860 Rusk in Mod. Paint. V. ix. xii. 347 Faithlessness .. characteristic of this present century. t Faithly, adv. Obs. [f. Faith sb. + -ly 2 .] 1 . With fidelity, faithfully, loyally, steadfastly, truthfully. c 1325 Mctr. Horn. 162 Feitheli scho hir candel held aye. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron . (1810) 316 Of pe treus to speke. And feyply perto bondon. 1393 Langl. P. Pl. C. xxii. 70 Faithly for to speke hus furst name was ihesus. c 1440 Sir Degrev. 541 Y shalle faythly fyeght Both in wrong and in ryght. 2 . As an asseveration : In deed or truth, certainly, surely, verily. c 1340 Gaw. <5* Gr. Knt. 1636 pis gomen is your awen.. faythely knowe. la 1400 Morte Arth. 4032 We are faithely to fewe to feghte with them. <*1400-50 Alex¬ ander 2279 Now faithly.. fall pe so thrise, pou sail be crouned. Fai’thward, adv. rare . [See- ward.] Towards (the Christian) faith. 1886 J. M. Ludlow in Homilet. Rev. Aug. 165 Almost resistless tendencies faith ward, .were born of his early Chris¬ tian culture. Faithworthy, a. [f. Faith + Worthy a .] Worthy of belief or trust, trustworthy. Hence Pai thworthiness, the quality of being faith¬ worthy (Worcester, 1846, citing Quart. Rev.). a 1535 Fisher Wks. 433 Luther, .neither is faith worthy.. nor he doth no miracles. 1671 J. Webster Metallogr. iii. 56 Certain and faith-worthy Authors in the nearer Germany. 1772 Nugent Hist. Friar Gerund I. 217 It is affirmed by a . .faith-worthy author. 1861 Daily Tel. 26 Oct., The lady is faithworthy in her evidence as to identity. 1865 Reader 28 Jan. 98/2 So far as profound knowledge, .can ensure faithworthy evidence. Faitneant, -ise, obs. ff. of Faineant, -ise. Faitour (f^tai). Obs. exc. arch . Forms : 4-7 fay tor, -tour(e, -towre, 6 fay ter, fey tour, 4- faitour. [a. AF .failour , OF. faitor doer, maker L. factor-cm : see Factor. The special sense of ‘ impostor ’ seems to be peculiarly AF. and Eng.; cf. OF .failure sorcery, spell.] 1 . An impostor, cheat; esp. a vagrant who shams illness or pretends to tell fortunes. App. already obsolescent in 1568, as Grafton Chron. II. 598 glosses it ‘ as much to say as loyterer, vagabond, or begger Sir W. Scott often uses it arch. <21340 Hampole Psalter xxx. 16 pai ere all faitors & ypocrites & iogulors pat desayues men. [1383 Act 7 Rich. II y c. 5 Governours des villes & lieux ou tielx faitours & vagerantz vendront.] c 1430 Life of Si. Kath. (1884) 23 Put me in duresse as pou3 1 were a fay tour. 1496 Dives <$• Pauf. (W. de W.) 1. xxx. 69 These faytours that ben called sothe sayers. 1529 More Comf. agst. Trib. 11. Wks. 1209/2 Nor to beleue euery fay tor. .that will saye hymselfe that he is verye sycke. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. May 39 Those faytours [gloss, vagabonds] little regarden their charge. 1624 Bp. Mountagu Gagg 104 As faitors use, you play fast and loose. 1813 Scott Trierm. 11. xi, Tyrant proud, or faitour strong. 1828 — F. M. Perth viii, Yonder stands the faitour, rejoicing at the mischief he has done. b. nonce-use. The disease of being a ‘ faitour c 1500 KLnvbots Test. 25 in Hazl. E. P. P. I. 93 He was infecte.. With the faitour, or the fever lordeyn. + 2 . Comb. Faitour s grass: Spurge, the acrid juice of which was used in malingering. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 146 Faytowrys gresse, or tytymal. 1534 Fitzherbert Husbandry (E.D.S. > lix, A Grasse that is called feitergrasse [ed. 1598 fettergrass]. Faix, var. of Fro 3 int. Fake sb . 1 Naul. Also 7, 9 fack. [Of obscure origin ; cf. Fake v . 1 The M HG. vach had the sense ‘ fold * in addition to those of ‘ appointed place, portion of space or time, compartment ’; if a similar sense belonged to the etymological equivalents OE./rr (recorded in sense‘space of time ’), MDu. vak (enclo¬ sure, partition), the word might come from either source. If it be identical with the Sc. Faik sb. fold, a native origin seems probable.} (See quot. 1867.) FAKE. 34 FALCHION. 1627 Cai*t. Smith Seamans Gram. vii. 30 Lay it [Cable] up in a round Ring, or fake, one aboue another. 1688 R. Holme Armoury m. 163/2 How many Facksisin the Rope? 1730 Capt. W. Wriglesworth MS. Log-bk. 0/the ‘ Lyell ' 14 Oct., Hauled lip the Small Bower and Sheet Cables and Coiled them down again in shorter fakes. 1810 J. H. Moore Pract. Navig. (ed. 18) 274 Pack or Fake. 1867 Smyth Sailor s IVord-bk ., Fake , one of the circles or windings of a cable or hawser, as it lies disposed in a coil. Fake (fc'k), sb .2 slang. [Belongs to Fake v.~] 1 . An act of ‘ faking ’ ; a contrivance, ‘ dodge trick, invention ; a ‘ faked ’ or ‘ cooked ’ report. 1827 Maginn in Blackw. Flag. (Farmer), The fogle- hunter’s doing. Their morning fake in the prigging lay. 1851 Mayhew Lond. Labour (1861) I. 223 After that we had a fine ‘ fake ’—that was the fire of the Tower of London—it sold rattling. 1885 Punch 31 Jan. 60 If I worked the theatrical fake—which I don't. 1887 Financ. News 24 Mar. 1/4 D.. is generally regarded as the father of the testimonial fake. 1891 Pall Mall G. 28 July 6/2 The abominable fakes, .tele¬ graphed to the papers by the agencies. attrib. 1892 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 9 June 10/2 headings Another Fake Interview Denounced. 2 . A composition used for ‘ faking’ (see quots.). 1866 Islington Guardian 3 Apr. 3/3 [Condensed milk sold to dealers to be watered down and retailed as new milk] is known in the trade under the name of ‘ Fake’. 1880 Gee Goldsmith's Handbk. x. (ed. 2) 140 Soft-soldering Fluid bears various names in the different workshops, such as ‘ monkey ‘ fake Fake (f?k), vl Naut. [app. f. Fake shy, which, however, appears much later. Cf. Sc. Fair vf to fold.] tvans . To lay (a rope) in fakes or coils ; to coil. ? a 1400 Morte A rth. 742 Ffrekes one forestayne, fakene ]>eire coblez. c i860 H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 62 The chain cables and messengers are faked in the chain lockers. 1875 Bedford Sailors Pocket-bk. viii. «(ed. 2) 281 But for subsequent shots the line may be faked on the beach. Fake (fe‘k), v . 2 slang. [Of obscure origin. There appears to be some ground for regarding it as a variant of the older Feak, Feague, which are prob. ad. Ger. fegen (or the equivalent Du. or LG.) to furbish up, clean, sweep. In Rowland's Martin Mark-all 1610, a /eager of loges is explained as meaning ‘ one who begs with false documents' (cf. to fake a sere eve ); and the modern fake away appears to correspond to the earlier feague it away. The colloquial and jocular uses of the Ger. fegen closely resemble the senses mentioned in quot. 1812 : amongst those given by Grimm are ‘to clear out, plunder' (a chest, purse: cf. to fake a cly), ‘to torment, ill treat ’.] 1 . trans. In thieves’ or vagrants’ language : To perform any operation upon; to ‘do’, ‘ do for* ; to plunder, wound, kill; to do up, put into shape ; to tamper with, for the purpose of deception. In the last-mentioned application it has latterly come into wider colloquial use, esp. with reference to the * cooking 9 or dressing-up of news, reports, etc., for the press. Also, To fake up. 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Diet, s.v., To fake any person or place, to rob them ; to fake a person may also imply to shoot, wound, or cut; to fake a man out and out , is to kill him; a man who inflicts wounds upon, or otherwise dis¬ figures, himself, for any sinister purpose, is said to have faked him self\ if a man’s shoe happens to pinch or gall his foot, he will complain that his shoe fakes his foot sadly, .to fake your slangs, is to cut your irons in order to escape from custody ; to fake your fin, is to create a sore leg, or to cut it, as if accidentally. .in hopes..to get into the doctor’s list, &c.; to fake a screeve is to write any letter or other paper; to fake a screw, is to shape out a skeleton or false key, for the purpose of screwing a particular place; to fake a cly is to pick a pocket. 1851 Mayhew Lond. Labour 352 The ring is made out of brass gilt buttons .. it’s faked up to rights. 1874 Punch 7 Mar. 98/1 Pr’aps he'd a come to you with him [a horse] faked up for sale. 1885 Sporting Times 23 May 1/3 The chorister fair. .Faked her¬ self up. 1885 H. P. Grattan in The Stage 10 July, A pair of shoes to fake the patchey {A fig lice play the harlequin). 1885 Spectator 24 Jan. 119/2 Nine pictures out of ten in modern galleries are simply studies—‘faked up'. 1887 Times 30 July 5/5 He now knew that, .these diamonds were ‘ faked ’. 1888 Phonetic Jrnl. 7 Jan. 4/2 ‘ Faking' in newz- paper fraze meanz. .the supplying, .ov unimportant detailz which may serv an exsellent purpos in the embellishment ov a despatch. 1888 ‘ Boldrewood ' Robbery under Arms I. xvii, The horse-brand .. had been ‘faked* or cleverly altered. 2 . absol. or inir. To steal (?only a literary misapprehension); also in fake away (see quots. \ 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Diet., Fake away, there's no dowti. .go on with your operations, there is no sign of any alarm or detection. 1834 H. Ainsworth Rookwood in. v, ‘ Nix my dolly pals fake away,’ i860 Reade Cloister . 9 Jan. 70 The gold and vellum binding with the orange-tinted edges form a pretty piece, of ‘ fakery *. 1892 A. C. Doyle Advent. S. Holmes xiii, in Strand Mag. IV. No. 24. 657/2, I found him [the horse] in the hands of a faker, Fakement (f< Tl *kment). slang. Also fakeman- charley. [f. as prec. + -ment ; the origin of the longer form is unknown.] A piece of manipu¬ lation, contrivance, ‘dodge’; vaguely, a thing, ‘ concern ’; a trimming, decoration (on an article of clothing). 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Diet. s.v. Fakcman-charley , Speaking of any stolen property which has a private mark, one will say, there is a fakeman-charley on it; a forgery which is well executed is said to be a prime fakement ; in a word, anything is liable to be termed a fakement, or a fakeman-charley , provided the person you address knows to what you allude. 1823 Egan in Groses Diet. Vulg. Tongue (ed. 3) s.v. Tell the macers to mind their fakements, desire the swindlers to be careful not to forge another per¬ son’s signature. 1838 Glascock Land Sharks II. 4, I see you're fly to every fakement. 1851 Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 52 Pair of long sleeve Moleskin .. with a double fake¬ ment down the side. Ibid. I. 246 Ah ! once I could screeve a fakement (write a petition). 1877 Five Years Penal Servitude iv. 254 You worked that little fakement in a blooming quiet way. + Fa’ken, sb. Obs. Forms: 1 facen, f&cn, 2 facne, 3 Orm. fakenn. [OE. faceti — OS .fekn, fecan , OHG. feichan fraud, ON. feikn portent OTeut. *faikno-m.~\ Fraud, guile; wickedness, crime. c 924 Laws of AEthelstan i. § 17 He ladige J>a hand mid he man tyh 5 }?aet he J>set facen mid worhte. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxii. 18 £)a se Haelend hyra facn [c 1160 Hatton, facne] gehyrde, ha cwaeS he. c 1200 Ormin 12797 An so h Issraelisshe mann patt niss na fakenn inne. t Fa’ken, a. Obs. Forms : 1 f&cne, feecne, 3 facen, faken, (4 foken), 5 Sc. faikyn. [OE .facne (oftener with umlaut fkene) = OS. fcktii wicked, (MA. feikn awful, monstrousOTeut. *faiknjo , f. *faikno-m : see prec.] Deceitful, fraudulent. c 1000 Ags. Ps. cv[i]. 10 Swa hi alysde lifes ealdor of heora feonda faecnum handum. a 1200 De Animo <$• Corpore (ed. Phillips 1838) 8 [p]i tunge is ascorted h eo b e facen was. c 1200 Ormin 12655 P e frosst off fakenn troww]>e. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 194 Saladyn was fulle foken {printed foen, rime-word token], on him may non affie. c 1450 Hf.nryson Fables, Paddok $ Mous 58 Fair thingis oftymis ar fundin faikyn. Hence + Fakenliche adv. Obs., craftily. c 1000 tElfric Gen. xxvii. 35 pin broSor com facenlice and nam pine bletsunga. a 1200 De Animo fy Corpore (ed. Phil¬ lips 1838) 8 Heo 3eoSSde fakenliche & pen feonde iewemde. II Faki. [Arab, faqih one learned in the law.] A title given in Africa to schoolmasters. 1872 Baker Nile Tribut.\\\\. 112 He chanced to combine in his own person the titles of both sheik and faky. 1884 A. Forbes Chinese Gordon vi. 151 [‘The Mahdi’] became the disciple of a faki (head dervish) who lived near Khar¬ toum. 1892 Blackiv. Mag. Sept. 629 Tipping the faki or schoolmaster. Fakir (fakl«u, f^'kioi). Forms: 7 fakier, (fuckeire, foker, -quere), 7-9 faquir, (8 fackire, fa(c)quier, foughar), 9 fakeer, faqueer, 8- fakir. [a. Arab. jJls faqir lit. * poor, poor man ’; some of the early forms may be due to the pi. Ijiii fuqardl\ 1 . ‘ Properly an indigent person, but specially applied to a Mahommedan religious mendicant, and then loosely, and inaccurately, to Hindu de¬ votees and naked ascetics * (Yule). 1609 Ro. C. Hist. Disc. Muley Hamet vii. Ciij/2 Fokers, are men of good life, which are onely given to peace. 1638 W. Bruton Newes from E. Indies 27 They are called Fuckeires. 1704 Collect. Voy. (Church.) III. 568/1 You shall take care to embark all the Facquiers. 1763 Scrafton Indostan (1770)27 Bestowing a part of their plunder on .. Faquirs. 1813 Byron Giaour*. i, Nor there the Fakir’s self will wait. 1861 Dickens Tom Tiddler's Gr. i, A Hindoo fakeer’s ground. 1874 Morley Compromise (1886) 178 A fakir would hardly be an estimable figure in our society. 2 . attrib. and Comb., as fakir-race ; fakir like adj. and adv. 1849 Southey Cofnm.-pl. Bk. Ser. ij. 390 Pilgrims, .carry¬ ing bars of iron, .fakir-like. 1859 1 . 'Laylor Logic in Theol. 146 The genuine successors.. of a fakir race. 1884 Pall Mall Budget 22 Aug. 6/2 The fakir-like devotion with which he has fixed his eyes upon, .the House of Lords. Hence Fakirism, the system, faith,’ and practice of the Fakirs. 1856 Kingsley Hours w. Mystics Misc. I. 349 Hindoo mys¬ ticism. .has died down into brutal fakeerism. 1883 Goldvv, Smith in Contemp. Rc7>. Dec. 806 Fakirism is devil-worship. Fa*la. rare — 1 . [ad. Du. falie.] A sort of kerchief worn in Holland. 1721 Ramsay Tartana 340 May she be curst to starve in Frogland Fens, To wear a Fala ragg’d at both the Ends. Fa-la (fala). a. Used as a refrain, b. Music. A sort of madrigal or ‘ ballet ’ in vogue in the 16th and 17 th c. a. 1595 Morley 1st Bk. Ballet is 1, Sit we heere our loues recounting Fa la la la. 1665 Earl Dorset Poems (1721) 58 To all you Ladies now at Land .. With a Fa, la, la, la, la. a 1800 Cowper Poems, To Celia i, No serenade to break her rest. .With my fa, la, la. attrib. 1838 J. Struthers Poet. Tales 78 Fifths or thirds And other Crankums set and shown Many Fa la words. b. 1597 Morley Introd. Mus. 180 Another kind of Ballets, commonlie called fa las. 1674 Playford Skill Mus. 1. 59 Your Madrigals or Fala's of five and six Parts. 1867 Macfarren Harmony ii. 55 Ballets, or Fal-las, of the end of the sixteenth century. Falaterie, obs. f. of Phylactery. Falau, obs. f. of Fallow. Falaver, -ing, obs. or dial. ff. of Palaver, etc. II Falbala (farlbala). Also 8 falbeloe, fall- bullow. \Faibala, a word found in several Rom¬ ance languages from the 17th c. downwards; origin unknown. Cf. Furbelow.] A trimming for women’s petticoats, scarves, etc. ; a flounce, fur¬ below. Also attrib . 1704 Cibber Careless Husband 1, As many blue and green Ribbons, .as would have made me a Falbala Apron. 1713 Steele Guardian No. 171 Freeing their fall-bullows.. from the annoyance both of hilt and point. 1859 Thackeray Virgin, xxxii, The girls went off.. to get their best. .falbalas. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xx. v, I have got my face wrinkled like the falbalas of a petticoat. + Falc. App. some plant. c 1310 Old Age in E. E. P. (1862) 149 As falc i falow an felde. Falcade (f&lka-d). Horsetnanshif. [a. Fr. falcade, ad. It .falc at a, Y.. falc at a, fern, of falc at-us : see Falcate.] (See quot.) 1730-6 Bailey, A falcade is the action of the haunches, and of the legs, which bend very low, as in corvets when a stop or half-stop is made. 1775 in Ash. Falcate (farlk^t), a. Anat., Hot., and Zool. [ad. L. falcdt-us, f. falc-em, falx sickle.] Bent or curved like a sickle ; hooked. 1826 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1828) III. xxix. 166 The man- dibulae of Lampyris. .are falcate. 1835 Lindley Introd. Bot. (1848) II. 349 Falcate. 1845 — Sch. Bot. v. (1858) 56 Pod .. always falcate or spirally twisted. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 273 Capsule compressed, ovate, oblique or fal¬ cate. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Ednc. IV. 39/2 The four wings .. are falcate at the tip. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Falcate cartilages, the semi-lunar cartilages of the knee- joint. Falcated (farlk^ted), a. [f. as prec. + -ed.] a. Astron. Having a sickle-shaped appearance ; said of the moon or a planet when less than one half of its surface is illuminated. 1704 in Harris Lex. Techn. 1783 W. F. Martyn Grog. Mag. I. Introd. 18 Mercury, on his approach to [the Sun] is falcated like the new-moon. 1867-77 G. F. Chambers Astron. Vocab. 916 The Moon .. is said to be ‘falcated’ when its illuminated portion is crescent-shaped. fb. Bot. and Zool. = Falcate. Obs. 1750 G. Hughes Barbadoes 224 These are tipped with large falcated Apices. 1815 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. III. xxxv. 642 In Attacus Atlas the primary wings are falcated or hooked at their apex. t Falca'tion. Obs. [f. L. falc-em sickle : see -ation.] 1 . The condition of being falcate ; cotter, a falcate outgrowth or appendage, hook. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. iii. 236 The Locusts have..a long falcation or forcipated tayle behinde. 1714 Df.rham Astro-Theol. v. i. (1715) 107 In whose [the Moon and Venus’] Falcations the dark part of their Globes may be perceived. 2 . (See quot.). 1656 Blount Glossogr., Falcation , a mowing or cutting with Bill or Hook. 1721-1800 in Bailey. Falchion (f§‘l]Vn), sb. Forms: 4-7 fach-, fauch-, faweh-, -on(e, -oun, (5 fauschune, fawchun, fouchon, fwalchon), 6-9 fauch-, faulch-, fawch-, -eon, -ion, (6 fachen, falcheon. 6-7 fau-, fawchin(e, 7 falchon, 8 faulchin), 7- falchion ; also 5 fawken, 7 falcen, perh. by con¬ fusion with Falcon. [ME .fauchoun, a. OF. fau- chon — It. falcione vulg. Lat. *falcidn-cm, f. L. falci-, falx sickle.] 1 . A broad sword more or less curved with the edge on the convex side. In later use and in poetry : A sword of any kind. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 8645 Hys[the priest's] tung shuld be hys fauchoun. <71380 Sir Ferumb. 2244 Lucafer. . drow out a schort fachoun. c 1440 York Myst. xxxi. 246 Y trowe youre fauchone hym flaies. a 1533 Ln. Berners Huon xlii. 141 He .. toke a grete fawchon in his handes. a 1628 Sir J. Beaumont Bosiuorth F. 501 He lifts his Fau- chion with a threatening Grace. 1720 Gay Poems (1745) I. 37 In the bright air the dreadful fauchion shone. 1808 Scott Marm. vi. xxvi, Spears shook, and faulchions flashed amain. 1852 Kingsley Poems, Andromeda 237 Curved on his thigh lay a falchion. | b. Single, double falchion, case of falchions : various species of sword-play. Obs. 1708 J. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. 1. in. vii. (1743) 189 The nobilityand gentry have. .quarter-staff, single faulchion, double faulchion, etc. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 436 r 2 The several Weapons following, viz. ..Single Falchion, Case of Falchions, Quarter Staff. 1712 Arbuthnot John Bull 1. v, He dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play. attrib. 1489 Caxton Faytes of A. 11. xxvi. 138 Axes of werre facioned asswel after fawken wise as other. 1601 R. Johnson Kingd. <5- Commw. (1603) 159 A falcen sword after the Turkish fashion. 1667 Pepys Diary (1879) IV. 330 His Knife, .was with a falchion blade. f 2 . = Bill sb . 1 4 or Bill-hook. Obs. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 343/3 Other plowemen. .folowed the wulf and with their staues and fauchons delyuerd the child hoole. 1596 Drayton Legends iii. 8 Let thy bright Fauchion lend Me Cypresse Boughes. 1664 H. More Myst. Iniq. 333 The Huntsman .. with a wood-knife or faucheon at his side, FALCHION. 35 FALDSTOOL. t Falchion, v. Ohs. rare — *. [f. pree. sb.] trans. To cut with a falchion, use a falchion upon. 1526 Skelton Magnyf. 2216 Hold thy hande Or I shall fawchyn thy flesshe, and scrape the on the skyn. Falcidian (fselsi'dian), a. [f. Falcidius + -an.] In Falcidian law (Lex Falcidia), a law carried by P. Falcidius, which ordained that no Roman citi¬ zen should bequeath more than three-fourths of his estate away from his legal heirs. Hence Falcidian portion , the fourth part thus reserved. 1656 81 in lii,ot'Ni (,'. Hawking 1 The Art of Falconry is in danger of being entirely lost. b. 1818 Hallam Mid. Ages ix. §1 (ed. 2) III. 361 Fal¬ conry. .became from the fourth century an equally delightful occupation. 1869 Gillmore Reptiles <$• Birds 206 f alconry afforded a. .picturesque sport to the great. Falculate (farlki/ 7 L't), a. [f. L. falcula, dim. of fale-, falx sickle + -ate.] Resembling a little sickle in form, small and curved. 1847 Todd Cycl. Anat. III. 329/1 Others [of the Marsu¬ pials] are digitigrade with falculate claws. Fald, obs. f. of Fold. Faldage (freddedg). Law. [ad. law-L. fal- ddgi-um , f. OE. fald , Fold sb . 1 In 16th c. anglicized as Foldage.] An old privilege by which a lord of the manor could set up folds in any fields within the manor, in which his tenants were obliged to put their sheep, the object being to manure the land. 1692-1732 Coles, Faldage , the Lords liberty of folding his tenants’ sheep. 1708 Tertnes de la Ley 330 This Fald¬ age in some places is termed Fold-course or Free-fold. 1865 Nichols Britton II. 373 His right of faldage, i.e. to have the tenant’s sheep to manure his land. II FaldeTla. Obs. [med.L., a. It. faldclla in same sense, dim. of falda fold of cloth, skirt.] (See quot. l 753.) c 1400 Lanfranc s Cirurg. 317 Leie berupon faldellas wi[> white of an ey. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Supp., Faldella, a word used by some of the writers in surgery for a sort of compress made of list contorted together in several doubles. Falderal, folderol (feeftdsrse’l, f^ldarp-l). Also fal de rol. 1 . As a meaningless refrain in songs. 1701 Farquhar Sir H. Wildair iv. ii. Wks. (Rtldg.) 554/2 Wildair [sings] Fal, al, deral 1 [1864 Browning Mr. Sludge Fol-de-rol-de-rido liddle iddle-ol]. 2 . A gewgaw, trifle ; a flimsy thing. c 1820 Hogg Basil Lee in Talcs Sk. (1837) III. 56 ‘ He’ll flee frae ae falderall til anither a’ the days o’ his life.’ 1879 E. Garrett House by Works II. 154 That his darling might never want for fal-de-rals. 1881 Mrs. C. Praed Policy <5- P. I. 118 The little piebald is far too ’cute to trust her legs on that English fal-deral [a rickety fancy bridge]. attrib. 1861 Sala Dutch Piet. vi. 67 None of your fal-de¬ ral lavender boots, but rigid, unmistakeable shoes. Hence Faldera l v., in phr. To falderal it : to sing falderal, to sing unmeaning sounds. 1825 L. Hunt Poems, Redi Bacchus 426 Falderallalling it With quips and triple rhymes. II Faldetta (falde'ta). Also in quasi-Fr. form faldette. [It . faldetta, dim. of falda: see Fal¬ della.] A combined hood and cape, worn by women in Malta. 1834 Sir F. B. Head Bubbles fr. Brunnen 191 Women, semi-shrouded in their black silk faldettes. 1866 Black- more Cr. Nowell x\\ (1881)48 A maiden with the love dream nestling beneath the bridal faldetta. 1883 C. D. Warner Roundabout Journ. xiii. 119 All the Maltese ladies .. wear the faldetta to church. fFa*ldfee. Obs. rare— 1 . In 3 (?) faldfey. [app. f. OE .fald, Fold sb . 1 + feoh (see Fee).] Some kind of manorial dues. The record quoted by Blount has not been identified ; it is not the Liber Niger Scaccarii. Possibly there is some error. ? a 1300 Liber Niger Heref. fob 158 (Blount) W. M. tenet novem acras terra; Custumariae in Bosbury. .et debet quas- dam consuetudines, viz. Tak & Toll & Faldfey. 1679 Blount Anc. Ten. 155 This Faldfey might signify a fee or rent paid by the Tenant to his Lord for leave to fold his Sheep on his own ground. 1706 in Phillips (ed. Kersey). 1809 in Tomlins Law Diet. 1848 in Wharton Law Lex. t ra iding. Obs. A kind of coarse woollen cloth; frieze. 61386 Chaucer Frol. 391 In a gowne of faldyng to the kne. 1436 Pol, Poems (1859) H. 186 Irish wollen, lynyn cloth, faldynge. .bene here marchaundyse. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 44 A pece. .of faldynge, or suche a softe cloth. attrib. 1392 Test. Ebor. (Surtees) I. 174 Item lego patri meo. .meam armilausam, videlicet faldyng-clok. b. A covering or garment of the same. c 1386 Chaucer Millers T. 26 His presse i-covered with a faldyng reed. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 353 Blak faldynges instede of mantels and of clokes. c 1440 Promp . Pan>. 147 Faldynge, clothe, .amphibalus. 1526 Lane. Wills (Chetham Soc.) 13, I gyff to Alice Legh..my best typett my faldyng and my bok in the church. t Faldi'Story. Obs. Also S faldisdory. [ad. med.L. faldistori-urn, var. of faldistolium : see Faldstool.] The seat or throne of a bishop within the chancel. 1675 Plume Life Bp. Hacket (1865) 82 The Reverend Bishop came to the faldistory in the middle of the choir. 1722 Sparrow Bk. Com. Prayer 273 A Faldistory is the Episcopal Seat or Throne within the Chancel. 1768 E. Buys Diet. Terms Art, Faldisdory, the Bishop's Seat, or Throne within the Chancel. 1848 in Wharton Law Lex. Faldore, var. of Fall-dooh. Faldstool (f§*ldst/ 7 l). See also Faldistory. [ad. med L. faldistolPum, ad. OHG. faldstuol lit. ‘ a folding seat or campstool \ f. faldan to fold 4- stuol seat, chair : see Fold and Stool. Cf. Fau- teuil. The OE .fyldestol appears to be from Lat. or Rom., as the vowel of the first syll. has umlaut due to the euphonic i prefixed in Romanic to a syllable beginning with j/-.] 1 . Eccl, An armless chair used by bishops and other prelates when they do not occupy the throne or when officiating in any but their own church. c 1050 A bbo Glosses in Ztsch.f. disclies Alt . XXXI. 10 F or- buh ou twyhweolnc sixe onfoh }>u fyldestol [c 1100 faddestol]. [1340 Ayenb. 239 per he yze; ane gratne dyeuel pet zet ope ane uyealdinde stole and al his inayne aboute him.] 1849 Rock Ch. of Fathers II. vi. 256 In later times .. the fald¬ stool was ‘ a chair of woode covered with crymsen velvet ’. 2 . A movable folding-stool or desk at which worshippers kneel during certain acts of devotion ; esp. one used by the sovereign at the ceremony of coronation. 5-3 FALE. 36 FALL. 1603 Ceremon . at Cor on, Jos. / (1685) 3 A Fald-stool, with Cushions for the King to pray at. 1685 St. Georges Day 6 The King kneeled at a fald-stool. a 1693 Ashmole Antiq. Berks. (1719) I. 10 A Judge in his Robes, kneeling at a Faldstool. 1838 Form Coronation in Maskell Mon. Kit. (1847) III. 86 The Queen, .kneeling at the Faldstool set for Her. 1851 Kingsley Yeast ii, She turned and prayed at her velvet faldstool. 1862 Goulburn Pers. Relig. (1864) 66 When we fail to derive from Prayer comfort and satisfaction, we become cowards, and run away from the faldstool. 3 . A small desk at which the Litany is appointed to be said or sung; a Litany-stool. a 1626 Hr. ANDREWEsin W.Nichols Comm. Bk. Com. Prayer Notes (1710) 23 The Priest, .(at a low Desk before the Chan¬ cel-door, called the Fald-stool) kneels and says or sings the Litany. 1838 Form Consecration in Maskell Mon. Rit. (1847) III. 90 Then followeth the Litany to be read by two Bishops, .kneeling at a Faldstool. 1869 Daily News 22 Dec., The Litany was chanted by two of the minor canons at a faldstool. 1874 Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Ch. 45 The small desk for the Litany to be said from, generally miscalled the Faldstool. + Fale, sb. Obs . [Of obscure origin ; it has been conjectured to be a subst. use of OE. fkle dear ; see Fele a. 2 ] App. — * comrade, fellow \ *71380 Sir Ferumb. 1845 Let ano]>er ys message telle, & stond l>ou l?er by \ty fale. f Fale, a. Obs. c 1325 E. E.A Hit. P. C. 92 pa3 J?e fader J?at hym formed were fale of his hele. Fale, obs. f. of Fallow. Fale, var. of Fele a *. Obs. many. Falern(e (fal 5 -rn), a. and sb. Chiefly poet . [ad. L. ( ytnum ) Falern-um .] =next. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 420 He likewise* gaue away a lar¬ gesse of wine as well Chian as Falern. [1671 Milton P. R. iv. 117 Their wines of Setia, Cales, and Falerne.] 1703 J. Philips Splendid Shilling 34 Wines, that well may vie With Massic, Setin, or renown’d Falern. Falernian (falo’-inian), a. [f. as prec. + -ian.] Of or pertaining to the ager Fale runs in Campania, which produced a celebrated wine. Also absol . Falernian wine. 1726 Amherst Tcrrx FiL i. 2 Whose lady kiss’d Damon the butler behind a hogshead of falernian. a 1764 Lloyd Dial. Poet. Wks. 1774 II. 6 Gen'rous liquor.. Broach’d from the rich Falernian tun. 1842 Lytton Zanoni 29 Vineyards famous for the old Falernian 1884 Mrs. Ross in Longrn. Mag. Feb. 404 White Falernian [wine] is excellent. Fale we, obs. f. of Fallow. Falk (fgk), sb. Also 9 faik, fauk. A name applied dial, to one of the three species of the Auk ; the Razor-bill. 1698 M. Martin Voy. St. Kihta 61 The Bird, by the inhabitants called the Falk, the Rasor-Bill in the West of England. 1766 Pennant Zoo I. (1768) II. 148 Razor-bill. The Falk. 1806 P. Neill Tour Orkney <5- Shetland 197 Bawkie, Razor-bill, Alca Torda. In the Hebrides this bird is called Falk or faik. Falk, obs. form of Faik v.- Sc. t FaTked, a. Obs. rare. = Falcate. 1597 Gerard Herbal 11. xxxiv. (1633) 299 Crooked or falked hawkeweed hath leaves, .slightly indented. Fall (fpll, Forms: 3 fael, 3 south, vsel, val, 3-7 fal, 4-7 falle, 6 faule, fawle, foil, 8 9 Sc. fa’, faw, 3- fall. [f. Fall v. : cf. OFris. fal, fel masc., OS., OHG. fal, ON. fall neut. The synonymous OE ,fi$ll,fyll ( :—*falli-z ), f. same root, did not survive into ME., unless it be represented by the forms fel, vsel in Layamon.] An act or instance of falling. I. A falling from a height. 1 . A dropping down from a high or relatively high position, by the force of gravity. c 1200 Omtin 11862 Full hefi} fall to fallenn. a 1223 Leg. Hath. 2322 Nis nawt grislich siluV to seon fallen jzaet Jzing bait schal arisen, |>urh Ret fal, a busentfalt te fehere. 1393 Gower Con/. I. 15 Betwenetwo stooles is the fall. 1353 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 154 An other pitiynghis fall, asked him . .how got you into that pitte ? 1563 Fulke Meteors 8 By the fall of them [the starres], both thunder and lightning are caused. 1399 Shaks. Pass. Pilgr. 136 A green plum that.. falls .. before the fall should be. 1667 Milton P. L. i. 76 The companions of his fall .. He soon discerns. 1748 F. Smith Voy. Disc. H.-IV. Pass. I. 151 One of them, by a Fall from the Parapet at the Top of the Factory, was killed. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. xi. 14 These leaves that redden to the fall. 1831 Green well Coal-trade TermsNorthumb. 4 Durh. 25 Fall, a dropping down of the roof stone, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xi. 84 Fixing my feet suddenly in the snow, [I] endeavoured to check his fall. 1863 Kingsley Water-bob. 297 That was all in his day’s work like a fair fall with the hounds. b. fig .; esp. a descent from high estate or from moral elevation. *71230 Halt Mcid. 15 Se herre degre se )>e fal is wurse. c 1430 Syr Getter. (Roxb.) 53 Min hert so high set haue I, A fall I drede to haue therbv ! 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 6 b, Whom they moost auaunce.. they. .gyue them the greater fall. 1679 Burnet Hist. Ref. an. 1543 I. in. 326 Doctor London .. did now, upon Cromwell’s fall, apply him¬ self to Gardiner. 1780 Harris Philol. Enq. Wks. (1841) 454 The fall of these two empires. 1827 Hallam Const. Hist. (1876) III. xvii. 333 The fall of the Stuarts. 1874 Green Short Hist. viii. 582 Puritanism, .drew, .a nobler life from its very fall. c. concr. That which falls ; also pi. 1742 Young Nt. Th. ix. 63 Nor shall the present year .. spread of feeble life a thinner fall. 1844 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. V. 1. 268 The short and broken [straw], .goes away in what is technically termed ‘ falls ’ or pulls. 1890 Pall Mall G. 11 Mar. 4/2 To clear away a ‘ fall ’, some of the blocks of coal in which were as large as trucks. d. A descent of rain, hail, snow, meteors, etc. ; the quantity that falls at one time or in a certain period. Cf. Rainfall. *593 Shaks. Lucr. 551 Some gentle gust.. Hindering their [vapours’] present fall by this dividing. 1634 Sir T. Her¬ bert Trav. (1638) 128 Raine in ..violent irruptions: dangerous .. in the fall. 1749 F. Smith Voy. Disc. N.-IV. Pass. 11. 20 A very great Fall of Hail, Snow, and Sleet. 1814 D. H. O’Brien Captiv. <5* Escape 178 The flood was very rapid from the late falls of rain. 1833 Penny Cycl. I. 151/1 Aerolites, when taken up soon after their fall, are ex¬ tremely hot. 1858 Longf. Children iii, The wind of Autumn, And the first fall of the snow. 1871 Lockyer Astron. iii. § 316. 139 Among the largest aerolitic falls of modern times we may mention the following. concr. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. 63 A fall of snow thus acts like a mantle of fur thrown over the earth. e. The coming down, approach, first part (of night, twilight, winter), rare. Cf. Nightfall. 1655 Earl Orrery Parthen. (1676) 674 Fifteen thousand Horse and Foot were sent .. about fall of the Night. 1661 Lovell Hist. Anitn. § Min. 229 They are best, .at the fall and dead of Winter. 1816 Keats Poems , To my Brothers , The love so voluble and deep, That aye at fall of night our care condoles. 1823 Byron Juan vii. lvi, Towards the twi¬ light’s fall. + f. Shedding, effusion (of blood). Obs. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V, 1. ii. 25 Neuer two such Kingdomes did contend, Without much fall of blood. t g- The dropping out (of teeth). Obs. 1520 Calisto # Mclib. in Hazl. Dodsley I. 78 Hollowness of mouth, fall of teeth, faint of going. + h. The downward stroke (of a sword, etc.). 1594 Shaks. Rich. IIE v. iii. 111 Put in their hands thy bruising irons of wrath, That they may crush down with a heavy fall The usurping helmets of our adversaries. 1604 — Oth. 11. iii. 324, I heard the clink and fall of swords. 2 . (In early use also more fully + fall of the leaf.) That part of the year when leaves fall from the trees; autumn. In U. S. the ordinary name for autumn ; in England now rare in literary use, though found in some dialects; spring and fall, the fall of the year , are, however, in fairly common use. 1545 Ascham Toxoph. 1. (Arb.) 48 Spring tyme, Somer, faule of the leafe, and winter. 1599 Raleigh Reply to Marlowe Poems (Aldine ed.) 11 A honey tongue, a heart of gall Is fancies spring, but sorrows fall, a 1631 Capt. Smith Eng. Improvement Revived iii. (1673) 59 The best time to .. remove younger trees is at.. the fall of the leaf. 1664 Evelyn Sylva (1679) x 5 His. .leaves .. becoming yellow at the fall, do commonly clothe it all the winter. 1714 Lut- teell Brief Rel. (1857) VI. 726 In the spring and fall he was alwaies disturbed. 1752 J. Edwards Wks. (1834) I. p. cxcv/i, I thank you for your letter .. which I received this fall. 1826 Scott Mai. Malagr. i. 10 She has been bled and purged, spring and fall. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 379 The winter pruning should be per¬ formed..at the fall of the leaf. 1851 Carlyle Sterling 1. xi. (1872) 67 His first child, - was born there .. in the fall of that year 1831. 1862 Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) VI. xlvii. 38 It was in the fall of the year, .that Agrippa sailed for the East. 1864 Lowell Bigloiu P. Poet. Wks. (1879) 255 Frosts have been unusually backward this fall. fig. 1727 Philip Quarll (1816) 82 In the fall of life how sweet’s repose. 3 . The manner in which anything falls, b. Cards . The manner in which the cards are dealt. x 535 Coverdale Prov. xvi. 33 The lottes are cast in to the lappe, but their fall stondeth in the Lorde. 1885 Proctor Whist tv. 60The fall of the cards in the first suit may. .lead him to do so. 4 . Birth or production by dropping from the parent; the quantity bom or produced. 1796 Hull Advertiser 14 May 1/4 The largest fall of lambs this year almost ever known. 1831 Hovvitt Seasons 72 The principal fall of lambs takes place now. 1865 J. G. Bertram Harvest of Sea (1873^236 The greatest fall of spawn ever known in England occurred forty-six years ago. II. A sinking to a lower level. 5 . A sinking down, subsidence {esp. of waves and the like) ; the ebb (of the tide). Also, the setting (of the sun, stars, etc.), arch .; + the alighting (of a bird), f To be at fall : to be in a low con¬ dition 1571 Hanmer Citron. Irel. (1633) X2 8 The sunne. .holdeth his course to his fall. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 24 What rising, and deepest falls of waves .. doth he there relate. 1598 Chapman Iliad 11. 396 In their falls [fowl] lay out such throats, that [etc.]. 1607 Shaks. Timon 11. ii. 214 Now they are at fall, want Treature. 1830 Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 264 The perpendicular rise and fall of the spring- tides. 1868-70 Morris Earthly Par. (1890) 168/2 The wide sun reddened towards his fall. fig. 1672 Temple Ess. Govt. Wks. 1731 I. 104 Modes of Government have all their Heights and their Falls. b. Astrol. (See quot.) 1676 Lilly A nima Astrologix 10 When a Planet is joyned to another in his Declension or Fall; that is, in Opposition to its own House or Exaltation. 1819 in J. Wilson Diet. Astrol. 99. 1835 in ‘ Zadkiel ’ Lilly's I tit rod. Astrol. 337. c. fig. Decline, decay. c 1645 Howell Lett. I. 11. xv. 23 Amsterdam .. rose upon the fall of this Town [Antwerp]. 1682 Otway Venice Pre¬ sented iv. i, Remember him that prop’d the fall of Venice. 1864 Glasgow Herald 12 Nov., A country that was in the utmost state of fall and degradation. d. The decline or closing part (of a day, year, life). Also rarely, Fall of day — tins west. I 1628 Vennf.r Baths of Bathe 7 The declining or Fall of the year. 1712 Blackmore Creation 98 Th’ adventurous merchant thus pursues his way Or to the rise or to the fall of day. 1800-24 Campbell Poems. Caroline 11. To Evening Star v, Sacred to the fall of day, Queen of propitious stars. 1882 Besant Revolt of Man i. (1883) 8 The older pictures were mostly the heads of men, taken in the fall of life. 6. The discharge or disemboguement of a river ; + the place where this occurs, the mouth. 1577-87 Harrison Descr. Brit. xii. in Holinshed 53 The greatest rivers, into whose mouthes or falles shippes might find safe entrance. 1705 Addison Italy 113 The Po. .before its Fall into the Gulf .. receives .. the most considerable Rivers of Piemont. 7 . The falling of a stream of water down a de¬ clivity; hence, a cascade, cataract, waterfall. Frequent in pi., as in Falls of the Clyde , Niagara , etc. x 579 Spenser S/uph. Cal. Apr. 36 His laye .. he made .. And tuned it vnto the Waters fall. 1632 Lithgow Trav. vii. 318 The fall and roaring of Nyle. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk <$- Selv. 185 The shallow waters that drill between the pebbles in the Falls of Guiny or Africa. 1726 Shelvocki: Voy. round World (1757) 265 The fall of waters, which one hears all around. 1756-7 tr. Keyslcr's Trav. (1760) I. 9 Of the falls in the Rhine, near Schaffhausen. 1787 Best Angling (ed. 2^ 30 It is good angling .. at the falls of mills. 1806 Gazetteer Scot. (ed. 2) 92 The falls of Clyde principally interest the stranger. 1832 Ht. Martineau Life in Wilds ix. u6 0n that fall of the stream will be our mill. 1872 Raymond Statist. Mines # Mining 198 The roar of the falls is heard in the distance. + b. That over which water falls. Obs. 1749 F. Smith Voy. Disc. N.-W. Pass. II. 26 Some Pieces [of ice] stopped upon a Fall or Ridge of Stone, t c. Fall of a bridge : cf. qnot. 1880. 1626 Bacon Sylva §115 Waters, when they, .are strained (as in the falls of Bridges). [1880 Walmisley Bridges oz’er Thames 6 The resistance caused to the free ebb and flow of a large body of water by the contraction of its channel produced a fall or rapid under the bridge.] 8. Downward direction or trend of a surface or outline; a deviation, sudden or gradual, in a down¬ ward direction from the general level; a slope or declivity. 1565-73 Cooper Thesaurus , Abruption .. that hath such a fal or stipenesse downe, that a man cannot go but fall downe. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 615 Neither doth this circle shine in the concauitie of in the fall of the gem. 1712 J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 194 A small insensible Fall should be given these Channels. 1755 Gray Lett. Wks. 1884 II. 265 A natural terrass three mile long..with a gradual fall on both sides. 1832 Scott Jrnl. (1800) II. 465 Stocked with wild animals towards the fall of the hills. 1847 Marryat Childr. N. Forest xxvii, The symmetrical fall of the shoulders. 1858 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XIX. 1. 188 Most of the Weald lands have a good fall for draining. 1865 Baring-Gould Wereivolves vii. 87 The girls .. saw a little fall in the ground. b. The distance through which anything de¬ scends, whether suddenly or gradually; the differ¬ ence in the levels (of ground, water, etc.). 1686 Burnet Trav. iv. 238 The Tarpeian Rock is now of so small a fall, that a Man would think it no great matter .. to leap over it. 1712 J. James tr. Le Blonds Gardening 191 You. .know exactly what Fall there is from the Top of the Hill, .to the Bottom. 1739 Labelye Short Acc. Piers Westm. Bridge 11 The perpendicular Height of the Fall that might be expected under a Bridge. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 223 Its waters are..poured down, by a fall of an hundred and fifty feet perpendicular. 1881 Salter Guide Thames 9 Hart’s Weir, .has a fall of 3 ft. c. Naut. (See quots.) 1644 Manwaring Seaman's Diet. 38 When we mention the Falls of a ship .. it is meant by the raising or laying some part of the Deck higher, or lower then the other. 1680 Lond. Gaz. No. 1526/4 The Adventure Pink, Dogger built, two Decks, with a Fall where the Windles stand. *: 1850 Rudim. Navig. (Wea.\e) 117 Fall , the descent of a deck from a fair curve lengthwise, .to give height to the com¬ mander’s cabin, and sometimes forward at the hawse- holes. 9 . The sinking down of the fluid in a meteoro¬ logical instrument. Said also of temperature, and loosely of the instrument itself. 1806 Gregory Diet. Arts $ Sc. I. 204 The principal cause of the rise and fall of the mercury is from the variable winds. 1815 T. Forster Atmos. Phenom. 228 The rise of the thermometer .. accompanies the fall of the barometer. 1823 Scoresby Jrnl. 30 The most remarkable fall of temperature I ever witnessed. 1864 Nat. Hist. Trans. Northutnb. .(i76o) II. 447 He relates the fall of one of these wooden structures at Fidena. 1841 Lane Arab. Nts. 1 .109 The other by a fall of a house. 13 . Wrestling. The fact of being thrown on one’s back by an opponent; hence, a bout at wrestling. Phrases, To give , shake (^SV.), try , wrestle a fall, lit. and fig. Cf. Foil. *553 Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 6 Not for one foyle or fal to be dismayd. 1600 Shaks. A, V. L. 1. ii. 216 You shall trie but one fall. 1602 Carew Cornwall its a, Who¬ soever ouerthroweth his mate in such sort.. is accounted to giue the fall. 1645 R. Baillie Lett. (1775) II. 111 We must wrestle a fall with some kind of creatures. 1676 Cotton Waltons Angler 11. vi. (1836) II. 371 Let him [a fish] come, I’ll try a fall with him. 1686 Dryden Duchess of York's Paper Defended 125 As three Foils will go towards a Fall in Wrastling. 1768 Ross Helcnore 1. 141 Fu’ o’ good nature..And kibble grown at shaking of a fa'. 1803 An¬ derson Cumbld. Ball. 62 At rustlin, whilk o’ them dare try him a faw? 1855 Kingsley Heroes 11. iii. (1868) 216, I must wrestle a fall with him. 1868 Times 14 Apr. 6/5 France .. was not then ready to try a fall with Prussia. 1883 Standard 24 Mar. 3/7 The final falls were wrestled be¬ tween Moflfatt and Kennedy. 14 . A felling of trees ; cotter, the timber cut down at one season. 1572 Nottingham Rec. iv. (1889) 141/29 In wyne iij. quartes .. fetched .. when the falle was appoynted xij d. a 1613 Overbury Newes,Newes fr. verie Countric Wks. (1856) 176 Justices of peace have the selling of underwoods, but the lords have the great fals. 1649 Blithe Eng. Improv. Impr. (1652) 160 At every fall.. take a good .. Sampler growing of Ash or Willow. 1707 Lond. Gaz. No. 4373/4 The Fall of above 130 Acres of Wood Land. .are to be sold. 1864 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XXV. n. 314 Beech woods, .areperiodically thinned, and the fall used by wheelers and .. chair-makers. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk. s. v., The young Squire.. 'e’ll fall a sight of timber ; an’ a grand fall theer’ll be. t b. The roots and stumps of felled trees. Ohs. 1785 Phillips Treat. Inland Nav. 40 Grubbing up the fall at fifty years, then planting again in the same place. c. Marl-digging: (see quot.; cf. 19 d). 1847 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. VIII. 11. 313 They, .proceed to make what are termed ‘ falls ’. .this is done by. .undermin¬ ing at the bottom. .clay wedges shod with iron.. driven in at top. .and. .the clay splits down perpendicularly. 15 . Of a city or fortress: The fact of coming into the power of an enemy by capture or sur¬ render. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 35 Achilles and Hector, that made the fall of Troy so famous. 1776 Gibbon Decl. $ P\ (1887) IV. 499 The fall and sack of great cities. 1816 E. Baines Hist. Wars Fr. Rev. 1. xxiv, Immediately on the fall of Mantua, Bonaparte published a proclamation to his army. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 183 It was universally supposed that the fall of Londonderry could not be long delayed. 16 . fig. A succumbing to temptation; a lapse into sin or folly. In stronger sense: Moral ruin. a 1225 After. R. 326 pet fifte ping is muche scheome pet hit is, efter val, to liggen so longe. a 1300 Cursor A I. 9770 (Cott.) Adam .. moght wit na chance Of his fall get gain couerance. c 1450 tr. T. a Kempis' Imit. 1. xxv. 37 The religiose man .. is open to a greuous falle. 1503-4 Act 19 Hen. VII , c. 28 Preamb., The Kinges Highnes .. beyng sory for eny suche untrougth and fall of eny of his sub- giects. 1587 Mirr. Mag., Humber xvi, Let my. .fall, .bee A glasse wherein to see if thou do swerue. a 1656 Bp. Hall Retn. Wks. (1660) 415 He who before fel in over pleasing himself, begins to displease himself at his fall. 1758 S. Hayward Serm. xvii. 516 They see the falls of those that profess a real love for him. 1826 Disraeli Viv. Grey. v. xiii, The moral fall of a fellow creature ! b. Theol. The fall , the fall of man : the sud¬ den lapse into a sinful state produced by Adam’s transgression. a 1300 [see prec.]. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 42 The other Sacrainentes .. were applied to mans nature after the fall, a 1656 Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 359 Mans will since the fall hath of it self no ability to any Spiritual Act. 1698 Keill Exam. Th. Earth (1734) 189 The Theorist, .ridicul’d the Scriptural relation of the Fall. 1699 Burnet 39 Art. ix. iii To return to the main point of the Fall of Adam. 1875 Manning Mission H. Ghost vi. 157 We are all con¬ scious of the effect of the fall. 117 . ellipt. for : The cause of a fall. Cf. to be the death of etc. Ohs. *535 Coverdale Judg. ii. 3, I wil not dryue them out before you, that they maye be a fall vnto you. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1. iv. 56 The fall of Angels, therefore, was pride. i6ix Bible Ecclus. v. 13 The tongue of man is his fall. 18 . The fact of being struck down by calamity or disease, in battle, etc.; death, destruction, over¬ throw. 1 1205 Lay. 635 Paet ne mihte pes kinges folc of heom fael makien. c 1400 Destr. Troy 7933 pi falle I dessyre. 1595 Shaks. John m. iv. 141 But what shall I gaine by yong Arthurs fall? 1611 Bible 'Judith viii. 19 Our fathers, .had a great fall before our enemies. 1659 B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 322 Now happened the fall of one of the greatest men in Europe. .Oliver Cromwell. 1842 Macaulay Lays, Lake Regillus xxix, And women rent their tresses For their great prince’s fall. IV. 19. As a measure. f a. The distance over which a measuring-rod ‘ falls’; esp. in fall of the perch ( = b). Ohs. The general sense in the first quot. may have been merely inferred by Folkingham from the specific use. 1610 W. Folkingham Art of Survey 11. iv. 52 Li/ieal Fals. Lineall dimensions are diuersified. .as Inches, Palmes [etc.]. Ibid. 11. vii. 59 Acres .. differ in Content according to the . .lineall Fall of the Pearch. b. A lineal measure (orig. = perch, pole , rod), the 40th part of a furlong, varying in actual extent according to the value locally assigned to this. App. peculiar to northern and north midland districts, where the furlong was larger than the present statute furlong. _ 1597 Skene De Verb. Sign. s. v. Particata, Sa meikle lande as in measuring falles vnder the rod or raip, in length is called ane fall of measure, or ane lineall fall. 1662 Dug- dale Hist. Imbankifig § Draining 165 Another [Gote] to be set fourscore falls beneath the old Sea Gote. 1869 Pea¬ cock Lonsdale Gloss., Fau\ a rood of lineall land-measure of seven yards. c. The square measure corresponding to the above; the 160th part of a customary acre. Now only in Scotland, where it = 36 square ells. [1319 CharterConishead Priory, Lancs, in Dugdale Mon. (1661) II. 425 Concessionem .. de duabus acris, & tribus rodis terras, & triginta fallis.] 1597 Skene De Verb. Sign. s.v. Particata, Ane superficial! fall of Lande. .conteinis ane lineall fall of bredth and ane lineall fall of length. 1629 Mattclt. Court Leet Rec. (1886) III. 152 Adam Smith hath purchased.. ffoure ffalles of land. 1760 in Scotsman 20 Aug. (1885) 5/3 Fourteen acres, thirty-three falls, and six ells of ground. 1827 Steuart Planter's G. (1828) 343 At the rate of 9d. or iod. per Scotch Fall (which is about one fifth, part larger than the English Pole or Rod). 1864 A. M r KAY Hist. Kilmarnock 303 The Green then measured eighty- §even falls. d. Marl-digging. A measure of 64 cubic yards. (Perh. not in any way connected with the pre¬ ceding : see 14 c.) 1849 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. X. 1. 27 The marl is calculated [in Lancashire] by the fall, which is 64 cubic yards. V. A falling to one’s share; a happening, oc¬ currence. f 20 . What befalls or happens to a person ; one’s fortune, 1 case ’ or condition, lot, appointed duty, etc. Ohs. c 1400 Destr. Troy 8117 Thy fall and Jri faith is foule loste. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xii. 304 Fowle fall have I now yf I feyne me now. c 1489 — Blanchardyfi xx. 68 Held her hert. .so ouer pressid wyth loue that she had to blanch- ardyn that she myght noo lenger hyde her falle. a 1533 Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel (1546) P, A sodayne falle of mischaunce. 1631 Heywood Fair Maid of West iv. Wks. 1874 II. 393 What must my next fall be? 1721 Wod- row Corr. (1843) II. 557 It is my fall to go to the next Assembly. 1785-6 Burns Address to Deil xvi, Black be your fa 1 1832-53 Whistle-binkie (Sc. Songs) Ser. iii. 121 Fair be thy fa ! my Phcebe Graeme, f 21 . The date of occurrence (of days). Ohs. 1583 Stubbes Anat. A bits. 11. 66 [The almanac may be useful] to distinguish winter from sommer, spring from har- uest, the change of the moone, the fall of euerie day. t 22 . The descent (of an estate, etc.). Ohs. rare. *579 J- Stubbes Gaping Gulf Diij, Noble men .. in their vsuall conveighances do marshall the fal of theyr inherit¬ ances by limitation vpon limitation. VI. In various concrete applications. 23 . An article of dress, a. A band or collar worn falling flat round the neck, in fashion during the seventeenth century. 1599 Marston Sco. Villanie iii. Wks. 1856 III. 223 Under that fayre ruffe so sprucely set, Appeares a fall, a failing- band forsooth ! 1608 Machin, etc. Dumb Knt. 1. in Hazl. Dodsley X. 122 The French fall, the loose-bodied gown, the pin in the hair. 1640 G. H. Wit's Recreations No. 250 A question tis why women weare a fall. 1852 Thackeray Esmond iii. viii, His lordship was represented in his scarlet uniform, .with, .a fall of Bruxelles lace. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, Fall, a border of lace to the neck-part or body of a lady’s evening dress. b. A kind of veil worn by women ; esp. one hanging from the front of the bonnet. 1611 Tourneur Ath. Trag. iv. i, There are those Falles and Tyres I tolde you of. 1818 Miss Ferrier Marriage xxiv, The Chantilly fall which embellished the front of her bonnet. 1865 Ann. Reg. 48 Miss Kent wore a thick fall, which almost screened her face from view. C. In various applications: (see quots.) 1634 1 ’. Carew Caelum Britannicum 2 Mercury descends . .upon his head a wreath with smal fals of white Feathers. 1688 R. Holme Armoury in. 258/1 Some. .have. .Falls or long Cufts to hang over the Hands. 1726 Shelvocke Voy. round World (1757) 112 The Montera or Spanish cap, made with a fall to cover their neck and shoulders. 1869 Mrs. Palliser Lace iv. 49 The. .ladies wore their sleeves covered up to the shoulders with falls of the finest Brussels lace. 24 . Bot. in pi. Those parts or petals of a flower which bend downward. 1794 Martyn Rousseau s Bot. xiv. 155 The three outer¬ most of these parts .. are bent downwards, and are thence called falls. 1882 Garden 22 Apr. 284/2 The ‘falls’..are pure ivory-white. • 25 . The moveable front of a piano, which comes down over the key-board. 26 . Mech. The loose end of the tackle, to which the power is applied in hoisting. 1644 Manwaring Seaman's Diet. 38 The small roapes which we hale-by in all tackles, is called the fall of the tackle. 1752 Smeaton in Phil. Trans. XLVII. 495 The .. line, by which the draught is made, .commonly called, the fall of the tackle. 1828 J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner (ed. 2) 184, 7 .. assists .. in passing the fall round the windlass. 1848 Layard Nineveh II. xiii. 80 The ends, or falls of the tackle, .being, .held by the Arabs. b. An apparatus for lowering bales, etc.; also Kant, in pi. 1832 Marry at N. Forster x, Overhaul the boat’s falls. i860 [see 29 fall-way 1 . 1881 W. C. Russell Sailor's Szucethcart I. viii. 289 The port boat’s falls were, .provided with patent hooks, which sprang open and released the boat the mpment she touched the water. + 27 . An alleged name for a covey or flight (of woodcocks). Ohs. c 1430 Lydg. Hors , Shepc. <$• G. 30. Hence i486 Bk. St. Alban's F vj b. VII. altrib. and Comb. 28 . a. attributive (sense 2), as fall-feed, -plowing, etc. b. objective (sense 13), as fall-giver, -taker. 1602 Carew Cornwall 1. 76 The fall-giuer to be exempted from playing againe with the taker. 1677 W. Hubbard Narrative 11. 14 Offering, .to pay forty Beaver Skins at the next Fall-Voyage. 1788 Franklin Autobiog. Wks. 1887 I. 286 The orders .. for insurance .. for fall goods. 1821 in Cobbett Rur. Rules (1885) I. 3 Whole families were fre¬ quently swept off by the * fall-fever ’. 1848 Chandler in Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. IX. 11. 524 All the manure from the fall-feed is left where made. 1856 Olmsted Slave States 663 The improvement had been effected entirely by draining and fall-plowing. 29 . Special comb,: fall-board, a shutter hinged at the bottom ; + fall-bridge, a boarding-bridge at¬ tached to the side of a ship; fall-cloud (see quot.); fall-(iron) door (see quot.) ; fall-fish (see quot.); fall-gate, dial, (see quot.) ; fall-pippin U. S., a certain variety of apple; fall-trap = FALL sb.~ ; fall-way (see quot.); fall-wind, a sudden gust; j- fall-window — fall-board ; + fall-wood, wood that has fallen or been blown down. 1820 Blackw. Mag. June 281 A pair of‘fall-boards belong¬ ing to a window. 1375 Barbour Bruce xvii. 419 Thai the schip on na maner Rlicht ger cum till the vail so neir That thair *fall-brig mycht reik thar-till. 1823 T. Forster A trios. Phenom. i. § 4 (ed. 3) 12 heading. Of the Stratus or ‘Fallcloud. 1837 C. V. Incledon Taunus 207 A ‘fall iron door, which answered the double purpose of door, and draw¬ bridge. 1812 J. Henry Camp. agst. Quebec 32 A delicious chub which we call a 'fall-fish. 14.. Brome Conwipl. Bk. (1S86) 165 Ony man that hath no3te hangyd his *fal-}ates at resonable tymes. 1795 Marshall E. Nor/. Gloss. (E.D S.', Fall-gate, a gate across a public road. 1886 Chester Gloss., Fall-gate , a gate across the high road. 1817-8 Cobbett Resid. U. S. (1822) 16 The wind is knocking down the *fall- pipins for us. 1885 Roe Driven back to Eden 262 Fall pippins and greenings, c 1450 Henryson Uplandis Mohs If Burges Mous 90 Poems (1865) iii Of cat, nor ‘fall-trap, I haif na dreid. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. (1872) III. vn. i. 2i3DeadIyginsandfal!traps. i860 Bartlett Diet. Amer., * Fall-way, the opening or well through which goods are raised and lowered by a fall. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., ‘ Fall-wind. 1422 Searchers Verdicts in Surtees Misc. (1890) 16 The ‘falle wyndow to y" streteward. c 1524 Churchw. Acc. St. Mary Hill , London (Nichols 1797) 126 Two lode of ‘fawle wode. 1528 Papers Earls of Cumber¬ land in Whitaker’s Hist. Craven (1812) 308 Item, 3 load of falwood and havings, 3 s. 4 d. 30 . With adverbs forming combs, (rarely occur¬ ring in literary use) expressing the action of the corresponding verbal combinations (Fall v. XI); as fall-off, fall-out, etc. 1862 Sai.a Accepted Addr. 145 A ferocious fall-out about an abominable little Skye terrier. 1889 Pall Mall G. 23 Aug. 2/1 A steady income from advertisements makes a slight fall off in the sale of less consequence. Fall (f§l), sbP Forms: 1 fealle, 5 falle, felle, 9 Sc. fa, 8- fall. [OE. (mils-) fealle wk. fem. (= OHG. falla ), f. fcallan to Fall.] Something that falls; a trap-door, trap. Cf. Pitfall,Spring- fall. [(t 1000 Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 477 Pel. r, musfealle.] c 1440 Promp. Parv. 147 Falle, or mowstrappe, muscipula, deci- pula. 1772 T. Simpson Vermin-Killer 6 By a Fall is meant a wire door, hung at the top instead of the sides. 1802 Sibbald Gloss., Fa, trap for mice or rats. 1823 J. D. Hunter Captivity N. Amer. 114, I had constructed several falls., in the vicinity of the beaver houses. Fall (f§l), sb .3 [Perh. a local Sc. pronunciation of whale ; in Aberdeenshire wh is pronounced (f).] IVhale-fishing. a. The cry given when a whale is sighted, or seen to blow, or harpooned, b. 1 he chase of a whale or school of whales. Loose fall (see quots. 1820 and 1867). a. 1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 11. (1711) 156 When they see Whales..they call into the Ship, Fall, fall. 1867 Smyth Sailor’s Word-bk., Fallt a Fall 1 the cry to denote that the harpoon has been effectively delivered into the body of a whale. b. 1820 W. Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. 11 .237 When the whole of the boats are sent out, the ship is said to have ‘ a FALL. 38 FALL. loose fall’ Ibid. II. 534 Sometimes 10 or 12 fish are killed ‘at a fall*. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., Loose fall, the losing of a whale after an apparently good opportunity for striking it. Fall (f§l), P a * t. fell (fel); pa. pple. fallen (fgl’n). Forms : Infin. 1 feallan, 3-5 falle(n, south, valle n, 3-6 fal, (5 fale, fulle, 6 faul(e, Sc. faa, fa we, 8-9 Sc. fa’, 3- fall. Pa. t. 1-3 feoll, 2, 3 feol, fol 1 , 2-3 south . veolvl, 2-4 ful(l, 3 south, vul, 2-6 fel, 2 south, vel, 4-5 felle, (4 fele), 4 south, velle, 4-5 fil(l(e, fylle, 4 south. vil(l, 3- fell; weak forms ; 4 felde, 6 failed. Pa. pple. 1 feallen, 4-5 fallin, -yn, (4 faleyn), 5-S faln(e, (6faulen), Sc. 6fawin,8fawn, 9 fa’(e)n, 3- fallen ; also 4 falle, 4-5 fal, (7 fell), 5-7 fall; also 6 weak form failed. [A Com. Teut. redupl. str. vb. (wanting in Gothic): OE. feallan = OFris .falla, OS. fallan (Du. vallen), ODG.fallan (MUG. vallen , mod.G. fallen ), ON. falla (Sw. falla, Da., faide) OTeut. *fallan (pa. t. *fefall-), perh.pre-Teut. *phal-n- cognate with L .fallere to deceive; more certainly cognate is Lith. piilti to fall; the Gr. air idels .. fel vnto J>e grund. a 1340 Hampole Psalter xxi. 15 pe iwes wend pat he sould haf fallen in till dust of ded. c 1340 Cursor M. 23695 (Trin.) Mony floures.. )>at neuermore shal falle ne dwyne. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. 1. 113 He ful for sorwe Fro hus chaire. a 1400-50 Alexander 849 He stumbils. .&fallis. i486 Bk. St. Albans E vij b, Downe in to the steppis ther fallyn of his fete. 1556 Aurelia § Isab. (1608) L, The extreme sorrowe. .made her fad as almoste dede to the earthe. 1592 Shaks. Rom. Jul. iv. ii. 20, 1 . .amenioyn’d .. to fad prostrate here, And beg your pardon. 1632 Lithgow Trav. iii. 92 Where they fed, there they lay till the morne. 1671 R. Bohun Disc. Wind 153 Trees, and sturdy Oaks, .fell in this Tempest. 1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 11. (1711) 170 One may easily fad, as upon slippery Ice. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) II. xiii. 279 My horse fed. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge vi, Starting aside I slipped and fed. b. fig .; esp. in To fall to the ground : to come to nothing ; to be discredited or futile. 1611 Bible Prov.xi. 28 He that trusteth in his riches, shad fad. 1634 W. Tirwhyt tr. Balzac's Lett. 237 Suffering that name to fall to ground. 1690 Locke Govt. 1. xi. (Rtldg.) 140 The natural power of kings fads to the ground. 1795 Hist. in Ann. Reg. 126 The injurious epithets .. being proofless, fed to the ground. 1825 New Monthly Mag. XV. 51 False¬ hood is sure to fad to the ground ultimately. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 516 The proposition fed to the ground. Ibid. II. 161 Who .. could hope to stand where the Hydes had fallen ? 1879 M. J. Guest Led. Hist. Eng. xxxiv. 346 His great hopes fell to the ground. c. To come down on (the point of) a sword, etc. In the Bible translations, after Heb. use : To throw oneself upon. 1382 Wyclif i Sam. xxxi. 4 So Saul cau3te his swerd and felle vpon it [1388 felde theronne]. c 1400 Lanfrancs Cirurg. 67 He [a child] fel on pat knyf in pe former partie of pe prote. 1611 Bible i Sam. xxxi. 4 Therfore Saul tooke a sword, and fed upon it. 1884 [So in R.V.]. d. Cricket. Of the wicket: To be knocked down by the ball in bowling. (By extension, the wicket is now said to fall when the batsman is dis¬ missed in any way.) Const, to. 1859 -AH Round No. 13. 306 It was painful to see the Colonel’s expression as the sergeant’s wicket fed. 1882 Daily Tel. 17 May, Robinson’s wicket fading to Palmer’s bowling. 1890 Sat. Rev. 5 July 5/2 The sixth wicket, .fell for 91. 20 . Used (after Heb. idiom preserved in the Vul¬ gate) with reference to voluntary prostration : To prostrate oneself in reverence or supplication. Const. before, to (a person), in early use with dat., at, f to (his feet, + hand). Also, To fall on one'sface, knees. 971 Blickl. Horn. 27 ]>as ealle ic pe sylle, fcif pu feallest to me & me weorpast. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xvii. 16 pa cyrde he .. & feoll to hys fotum. c 1205 Lay. 12716 pe anchebiscop feol R 1275 fulle] to pes kinges fot. a 1300 Cursor M. 16632 (Cott.) pai. .on knes be-for him fed. Ibid. 25646 (Gbtt.) Thre kinges com of thrin land to fal pi suete sun til hand and gaf him gift, c 1386 Chaucer Man 0/ Law's T. 1006 Whan sche saugh hir fader .. Sche .. falleth him to feete. a 1400-50 Alexander 815 Lordis & othire Come to pat conquerour & on knese fallis. 1611 Bible Rev. xix. 10, I fed at his feete to worship him. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 1069 Their Governours fad on their faces to God. 1653 H. C ogan tr. Pinto's Trav. iii. 6 We fed on our knees before her. 1850 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxvii, ‘ I’m sure of it', said Tom, fading on his knees. 21 . {fig. of 19). To succumb to attack or oppos¬ ing force, a. Of a fortified place, rarely, of a ship : To be taken. 1606 Shaks. Tr. # Cr. v. viii. 11 So Illion fall thou. 1632 J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 81 The forts left alone unsuccour’d, would afterwards fad of themselves. 1797 Nelson in Nicolas Disp. II. 343 On the quarter-deck of a Spanish First-rate.. did I receive the Swords of vanquished Spaniards, .thus fed these Ships. 1818 Byron Juan 1. lvi, When proud Granada fed. 1869 W. Longman Hist. Edw. Ill, x, Stirling fed before he could advance to its relief. b. Of an empire, government, institution, etc. : To be overthrown, come to ruin, perish. 1780 Harris Philol. Enq. Wks. (1841) 514 After a succes¬ sion of centuries, the Roman empire fell. 1803 Mackintosh Def. Peltier Wks. 1846 III. 248 If it [the press] be to fad, it will fad only under the ruins of the British empire. 1818 Byron Ch. Har. iv. cxlv, When fads the Coliseum, Rome shad fad ; And when Rome fads—the World. 1874 Green Short Hist. i. 20 The faith of Woden..was not to fad without a struggle. 1886 Mrs. C. Praed Miss Jacobsen I. i. 14 The Ministry was certain to fad in a short time. 22 . In moral sense: To yield to temptation, to sin ; esp. of a woman : To surrender her chastity. ai2oo Moral Ode 158 in E. E. P. (1862) 32 It is strong to stonde longe & liht it is to fade. C1340 Cursor M. 25812 (Fairf.) Wip how litel speche he mo3t haue couered mercy quen he felle. 1526 Tindale Rom. xi. 9 An occasion to faul. 1604 Shaks. Oth. iv. iii. 88 It is their Husbands faults If wiues do fad. 1667 Milton P. L. iii. 129 The first sort by their own suggestion fed, Self-tempted. 1758 S. Hay¬ ward Semi. xvii. 505 When he [David] fell so criminally and publickly with Bathsheba. 1869 Daily News 21 May, No girls .. of any age who are suspected of having fallen. 1875 Manning Mission H. Ghost i. 12 The first Adam, .by sinning fed and died. 23 . To drop down wounded or dead ; to die by violence; rarely , by disease. Also + to fall dead. a 1300 St. Andrciv 104 in E. E. P. (1862) 101 As he horn- ward wende He ful ded. c 1374 Chaucer Anel. Arc. 170 Sheo fallethe dede as any stoone. c 1570 Marr. Wit $ Science v. i. in Dodsley O. PI. 1874 II. 382 He..fought and fell in open field. 1592 Shaks. Rom. $ Jul. v. i. 62 The life-wearie-taker may fad dead. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1638) 115 A brave Prince .. fell by the axe of treachery. 1703 J. Savage Lett. Antients xliv. 106 If I had fallen in my Distemper. 1743 Bulkeley & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 75, I had no desire of fading by the Hand of Cap¬ tain C. 1874 Green Short Hist. ii. 80 The greater part of the higher nobility had fallen in battle. + b. To be taken ill of (a disease). Obs. 1538 Hen. VIII in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 146 Yrion of Brearton, John Cocke the pothecary, be fallen of the swett in this house. 1653 Evelyn Mem . 17 May, My servant, .fell of a fit of apoplexy. c. of animals. Also in Sporting phraseol., To fall to ( one's rifle '): to be brought down by. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iii. 737 By the holy Butcher, if he [Ox] fed. 1823 Scoresby Jml. 289 Another whale .. fed under our lances. 1892 H. Chichester in Did. Nat. Biog. XXIX, 116/1 Seven lions fed to his rifle in one day. t d. fig. To lapse, die out, expire. Obs. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. lxiv. 86 heading, The duke dyed without heyre, wherby the dyscencion [descent] fell. a 1715 Burnet Own Time II. 109 An additional excise, that had been formerly given, was now fading. 1754 Erskinf. Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 187 A tack .. granted to a single woman, fads by her marriage. e. Cards. To be captured by (a higher card). 1712 Pope Rape of the Lock iii. 64 E v’n mighty Pam.. now destitute of aid Fads undistinguish’d by the victor spade. 1889 ‘ B. W. D.’ & 4 Cavendish ' Whist 2 A .. leads knave of spades, to which nine, eight, and seven fad. Ibid. 58 The knave of diamonds must fall to the king. 24 . Phrases (with sense varying betw. 21 and 23). To fall a prey, sacrifice, victim to. lit. and fig. 1648 Boyle Seraph. Love xiv. (1700) 85 Thousands fad sacrifices to the severer Attribute, a 1774 Fergusson Drink Eclogue Poems (1845) 52 The ox. .fa’s a victim to the bluidy axe. 1825 New Monthly Mag. XV. 523 He..fed a victim to his error. 1839 T. Beale Sperm Whale 298 Brave men have at various times fallen a sacrifice to this kind of daring. 1885 Manch. Exam. 6 July 4/6 The .. books fed a prey to the flames. 25 . To stumble \ on, into', to be drawn or forced into (danger, fire, a pit, etc.) ; + to be caught in (a snare). c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xvii. 15 Oft he fylp on fyr, & gelomlice on waster, c 1400 Rom. Rose 6650 If ye fillen in her laas. 1456 How Wise Man taught Son 64 in Hazl. E. P. P. (1864) 171 Comon women..Maks 3ongmen. .fulle yn danger. 1548 Hall Citron. 152 A man entending to avoide the smoke, falleth into the fyre. 1564 Complaint Sinner in Sternhold, etc. Psalms, The righteous man falleth now.. or than In daunger of thy wrath. 1585 J. B. tr. P. Viret’s Sch. Beastes C ij, To make them to fall into their nettes. 1611 Bible Amos iii. 5 Can a bird fad in a snare vpon the earth, where no ginne is for him? —Acts xxvii. 17 They . .fearing lest they should fad into the quickesands, strake saile. 1694 F. Bragge Disc, Parables xiv. 477 He per¬ ceives not the dangers under his feet till he fads into them. 1823 Scoresby Jrul. 390 In readiness for bringing up, if we seemed to be fading into danger. 1877 Miss Yonge Cameos Ser. iii. vii. 62 They fed into the ambush and were ad cut off. b. fig. To fall into (error, sin, etc.). c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 63 God. .}ife us swahis will to donne.. pat we ne fallen naut ine sunne. a 1300 Cursor M. 254oo(Cott .) Lat us in na fanding fad. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 3438 In swa many veniel syns we fade, c 1449 Pecock Rcpr. 11. ix. 199 So mi3ti men. .fillen into ydolatrie. c 1500 Lancelot 1322 Yow art fallyng in thestorng vengansOf goddis wreth. 1553 Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 10 Sayncte Augustyne . .fell into a chyldishe errour. 1611 Bible i Tim. iii. 6 Lest ..hee fad into the condemnation of the deuill. 1649 Bp. Hall Cases Consc. 1. vii. 64 The necessity into which you are fallen. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 53 IP 4 Many new Vani¬ ties which the Women will fad into. 1751 Jortin Serm. (1771) III. i. 21 Many persons fad into mistakes in their notions of happiness. 1875 J owett Plato (ed. 2) III. 202 An error into which we have fallen. ** With the additional notion of breaking up. 26 . Of a building, etc. : To come down in frag¬ ments. c 1275 Lay. 15949 pine wades fulle. 1382 Wyclif Isa. xxi. 9 He answerde, and seide, Is fade, is fade Babilon. C1450 Merlin 37 The toure fallith. 1563 Fulke Meteors (1640) 20 b, The people were faine to dwell abroad in the fields.. for feare their houses would fad on their heads. 1608 D. T. Ess. Pol. fy Mor. 64 Though the wide world, being broke, should chance to fad, Her may the mines hurt, but not appall. 1755 Let. in Genii. Mag. Dec. 561 At the time the city [of Lisbon] fed.. on the opposite side of the river.. many houses also fed. 1829 Milman Hist. Jews xw 1. (1878)391 One of them [towers] had fallen with its own weight. b. Of a substance : To crumble. 1770-4 A. Hunter Georg. Ess. (1803) 1 .30 Clay, wed limed, will fad in winter. f c. Of a vessel (in the body): To break down. Of a stitch : To give way. Obs. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 83 How shal it passe that way after those passages and pores are faine. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 91 Let the Taylor, .undertake to mend a stitch fallen in their Bodies. 27 . To fall in or to + mould, pieces , powder : to break up into fragments, and drop. Similarly, to fall in two , asunder. In mod. use to fall to pieces is often transf. and fig.; cf. go, come to pieces (see Piece). c 1340 Cursor M. 22798 (Fairf.) Quen godd will sua .. pat mans flexs to mold se fad. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xm. 1.(1495)438 By strengthe of grete driness therth shulde fade to powder. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 133 The casual slipping out of a Pin had made several parts of his Clock fad to pieces. 1697 Dampier Voy. (1698) I. 215 His Ship, .being old and rotten fed in pieces. 1799 E. King Muniment a Antiqua I. 309 They fed to pieces on being touched. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. I. 254 The whole mass fads asunder. 1832 Fr. A. Kemble Let, in Rec. Girlhood (1878) III. 214 The whole concern must collapse and fad to pieces. 1878 Morley Carlyle Crit. Misc. Ser. 1. 200 Would it have been better, .for the old belief gradually, .to fad to pieces. 1882 Sta?idard 9 Dec. 2/8 The crew rapidly fed to pieces. + b. To fall in two, to pieces : (Sc.) to give birth to a child ; cf. 40 c. Obs. 1781 Bentham Wks . (1843) X. iii Mrs. Dunning, .is just ready to fad to pieces. 1788 Picken Poems , Edina 43 She fed in twa wi' little din. IV. 28 . To move precipitately or with violence ; to rush. Obs . exc. combined with preps., as in To fall upon, to assault (see branch X). J- To fall about (a person's) cars : to assail suddenly with blows. c 1400 Destr, Troy 2867 Other folke vpon fer fed thedur thicke. Ibid. 13171 pai fell to me fuersly, & my folke slogh. a 1400-50 Alexander 1133 With pat pe flammand flode fed in his ejien. 1632 J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 163 Many Galleyes fad towards them so suddenly. 1660-1 Pepys Diary 23 Mar., His master fed about his ears and beat him. V. To be determined to a specified position or object; to have a certain incidence. 29 . Of a missile or moving body, a movement; also, of light, the sight, etc. : To have or take its direction; to be determined or directed ; to settle or impinge. Const, on, upon. So also of sound, To fall upon the ear. 1658 Wii.lsford Nature's Secrets 61 A Rain-bow. .formed by the light rays of the Sun fading upon vapours, .opposite unto him. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 74 The ting’d Rays, .past through them, and fed on a sheet of white Paper. 1709 Berkeley Th. Vision § 35 The rays fading on the pupil. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 229 She. .fell upon the south reet near the highest part. 1834 Medwin Angler in Wales I. 290 A random spear, .fell wide of him. 1865 J. G. Bert¬ ram Harvest of Sea ( 1873) 236 The spawn fads at a con¬ siderable distance from the place where it has been emitted. 1878 G. Macdonald Phantastes II. xvi. 53 The sound of a closing door, .fell on my ear. 1886 A. Sergeant No Saint II. vi. 131 His eye fed..upon Cissy. 1890 Spectator 10 May, The dreary forest, where full light never fads. 1892 Temple Bar Mag. Apr. 474 The words fed solemnly on the stillness. b. To have its eventual situation in a certain place, or on a certain object. 1570 Billingsley Euclid 1. vii. 17 The poynt D shad fad either within the triangle ABC or without. 1589 Putten- ham Eng. Poesie 11. (Arb.) 86 The Cesure fals iust in the middle. Ibid. 11. (Arb.) 92 Your sharpe accent fades vpon the last sillable. 1705 Cheyne Phil. Princ. § 42. 245 Birds.. lay FALL. 40 FALL their Heads under their Wings, that so the Center of the gravity..may fall upon the Foot they stand on. 1816 Playfair Nat. Phil. (1819) II. 17 When the perpendicular .. falls within the triangle. 1875 Ouseley Harmony iv. 61 Causes the Semitones to fall between the 3rd and 4th. 30. Of a lot, a choice, or anything that is de¬ termined by fortune or choice: To ‘ light upon ’ a particular object. See also Lot. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron . (1810) 124 pe lote f?lle on Reynere, and on his wif also, c 1385 Chaucer L. G. IV. 1942 Ariadne , The lotte is fallen hym upon. 1535 Coverdale Ps. xv[ij. 6 The lott is fallen vnto me in a fayre grounde. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 417 After a long fight the victorie fell on the Englishe part. 1605 Shaks. Macb. 11. iv. 30 The Soueraignty will fall vpon Macbeth. 1611 Bible Acts i. 26 They gaue foorth their lots, and the lot fell vpon Matthias. 1721 Land. Gaz. No. 6008/1 The Election by Balloting fell upon M. d’Erlac. 1838 Thirlwall Greece IV. 47 The suspicion of disaffection. .fell on a man of eminent talents. 1855 Macau¬ lay Hist. Eng. III. 248 The choice .. fell on Whig candi¬ dates. 1855 Kingsley Heroes 11. (1868)241 The people stood .. weeping, as the lot fell on this one and on that. 31. To come as a lot, portion, or possession ; to be allotted or apportioned. Const. + with dat. or to , + unto ; rarely impers. Also in phrases, to fall to one's lot or share (see Lot, Share). a 1300 Cursor M. 4072 (Cott.) pat blis sal pe neuer fall. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 142 Him felle to be pe toper c 1400 Rom. Rose 7343 Sich armour as to hem felle. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 23 Youre next enheritaunce that fille to youre seide progenitoures. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 35 Al¬ though it [victorie] fall to the lot of the better, yet [etc.]. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 11. (1625) 28 One onely poore Farme fell to my share, a 1668 Denham Progr. Learning 12 After the Flood, Arts to Chaldsea fell. 1696 tr. Du Mont's Voy. Le7>ant 127 The Commanderies. .fall to 'em by right of Seniority. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 180 ip 1 He had an Estate fallen to him. 1742 Fielding J. Andrews n. xiv, The hogs fell chiefly to his care. 1838 Thirlwall Greece II. 320 Many [prisoners] fell to the share of Agrigentum. 1858 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. (1865) I. 111. xvi. 234 The whole fighting fell to Sir Horace. 1873 Black Pr. Thule ix. 131 A greater treasure than falls to the lot of most men. 32. To come as a burden or duty. Const. to, on, upon ; also to with inf. *599 Minsheu Dial. Sp. 4- Eng. (1623) 59 Doe you know when we watch ? This night it fals to the companie. 1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 11. (1711) 174 The Loss or Gain falls upon the Merchants. 1841 Jml. R. Agric. Soc. II. 1. 25 It falls rather to the Zoologist than to the Botanist to notice them. 1852 Jrtil. R. Agric. Soc. XIII. 1. 2 A charge of two cents an acre..fell to be paid by the allottees. 1885 Law Times LXXIX. 188/2 The expense ..must fall upon the purchaser. b. Followed by inf To be under the necessity, to ‘ have to' (be, do, etc.), rare in literary use ; common in north, dial. 1848 Blackzv. Mag. Nov. 536 These countries would fall to be excluded. t 33. To appertain or belong ; to be applicable, fitting, or proper. Const, dat. of indirect obj., or for, to, till. Ohs. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 6 pe bischopriche of Ely, pat pe yle of Ely ys, And of al Cambrugge schire, pat perto fallep y wys. c 1325 Coer de L. 1392 An engyne. .And al the takyl that therto fel. a 1340 Hampole Psalter xii. 6 Wondirful criynge pat falles till contemplatif lyf. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. 1. 50 ‘ penne Reddite ’ quap God ‘ pat to Cesar fallep.’ £1386 Chaucer Man 0/Law's T. 51 Sojourned have these marchauntz in the toun A certeyn tyme, as fel to here ples- aunce. a 1400 Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. (1867) 15 * Seese 3owre callynge.' This worde falles till vs folke of religioune. c 1400 Laii/ranc's Cirurg. 298 Blood-letynge.. fallip for oure craft pou3 we for pride take it to barbouris & to wommen. c. 1440 York Myst. xxxi. 338 White clothis we saie fallis for a fonned ladde. c 1450 Bk. Curtasye 640 in Babees Bk. (1868) 321 Speke I wylle of oper mystere pat falles to court. 15.. How Plowman lerned Pater Noster 20 in Hazl. E. P. P. (1864) 210 He coude..daube a wall; With all thynge that to husbondry dyde fall. + b. impers .; also quasi -impers. with inf. phr. or subord. cl. as subject. Ohs. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 446 pe bones, .yburede yspere vayre ynou, as vel to an kyng. C1300 Seyn Julian 9 (Ashm. MS.) It neualle 5 no3t to me. .to beispoused to pe. c 1325 Metr. Horn. 11 It falles to a mihty king, That messager word of him bring, c 1375 Cato Major 11. ix. in Anglia VII, Hit fallep mon to spende his good. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xix. 186 ‘ Hit fallep nat me to lye.’ 1401 Jack Upland , Pol. Poe?ns (1861) II. 20 Dede men should have but graves, as falleth it to dede men. 1428 Surtees Misc. 10 Als fallez a trew merchaunt to doo. 1563 B. Googe Eglogs (Arb.) 103 She. .supped well as falleth for her state. VI. To come casually, or without design or effort, into a certain position* 34. Of things: To come by chance; esp. + To fall in or into a person s heart, mind , etc. : to occur to (him) ; also, To fall in one's + road , way, etc.; rarely of a person. C1340 Cursor M. 15483 (Fairf.), How mu^t hit falle in pi hert to be-gyn suche a dede. 1413 Lydg. Pylgr. Soiulex. i. 71 It myghte not fall in no mans mynde fully to descryuen it. 1530 Palsgr. 544 1, I wyll nat do but as it falleth in my brayne. 1583 Hollyband Campo di Fior 3 There is some thing fallen I know not what into mine eyes. 1590 Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons 23 b, I will. .answere as many of them [objections] as shall fall into my memorie. 1605 Bp. Hall Medit. 4- V070S 11. § 44 As for riches, if they fall in my way, I refuse them not. 1624 Massinger Renegado 11. iv, Nor can it fall in my imagination, What wrong you e’er have done me. 1656 Burton's Diary (1828) I. 43 A matter of the like nature cannot possibly fall before you. 1677 Hale Prim. Orig. Man. 1. ii. 62 A. .deliberate connexing of Con¬ sequents, which falls not in the common road of ordinary men, *7£x T. Hollis in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 379 Acquainting you with any thing that fell in my way abroad. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1885) I. 35 The earliest notice on the subject which has fallen in his way. 35. Of persons, a. To come by chance into a certain position. Now chiefly in phrase (of biblical origin), to fall among (thieves, etc.). c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 79 A mon lihte from ierusalem in to ierico and fol imong poues. 1382 Wyclif Luke x. 30 Sum man cam doun fro Jerusalem in to Jerico, and felde among theuues. [So 1535 m Coverdale; 1611 in A. V.] 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 11. (1625) 39, I sithence fell into com¬ pany. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. in. vi. 76 Be sprightly, for you fall ’mongst Friends. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1638) 84 [He] falls among five hundred light horse of Curroons and perishes. 1879 Miss Braddon Clov. Foot xxvi, I fell among thieves, and got cleaned out. 1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xxx. 296 The mixed company he falls into. b. To happen, or be thrown t into, on, or upon (a period of specified character). 1633 Bp. Hall Hard Texts 370 Ye are now fallen into a time wherein there is much opposition to Christ. 1803 Pic Nic No. 2 (1806) I. 56 You are fallen on such incorrigible times. 1844 Disraeli Coningsby vi. ii. 226 The degenerate days on which he had fallen. 1888 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. Ser. 11. iii. 91 Gray, a born poet, fell upon an age of prose. 36. To come naturally, without forcing or effort. lit. and fig. + T° fall 1° oneself: to regain self- control. Ohs. c 1400 Lanfranc 1 s Cirurg. 316 In pis maner pe boon schal falle into his joinct. 1517 Torkington Pilgr. (.1884) 22 We ..fell to an Ankyr in the Rode. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII , II. i. 35 He. .something spoke in choller, ill, and hasty; But he fell to himselfe againe. 1760-72 tr. Jua?i 8 f Ulloa's Voy. (ed. 3) II. 287 The ship will fall into her station without any difficulty. Mod. When the main features of your plan are settled, the details will fall into their places easily. 37. To be naturally divisible into. 1641 Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 66 The Text falls into these parts so naturally. 1862 Temple Bar Mag. VI. 388 The subject, .falls into four divisions. 1876 F. G. Fleay Shaks. Manual 11. i. 128 The plays fall distinctly into four periods. VII. To pass suddenly, accidentally, or in the course of events, into a certain condition. 38. Of persons: To pass (usually, with sudden¬ ness) in, into , -)• tome specified condition, bodily or mental, or some external condition or relation. a 1225 Ancr. R. 224 He .. feol so into unhope, a 1300 Cursor M. 19084 (Cott.) For wonder sum )>ai fell i n sunn. Ibid. 20496 (Cott.) All bar fell to slepe onan. c x 3 8 5 Chaucer L. G. IV. 590 Cleop., He was fallyn in prosperite. c 1430 Lydg. Bochas 1. x. (1544) 21a, The wretchednes that I am in fall, c 1489 Caxton Sonnes 0/ Ay mon xxii. 489 Yf thus he wylle doo I shall falle to peas, a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon li. 172, I am fallen in to pouerte and mysery. 1548 Hall Chron. 14 The Abbot of Westminster .. fell in a sodaine palsey. Ibid. 32 [He] fell in suche favour with the kyng. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 136 He fell to agreement with the French king. 1570-6 Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 211 Shee fell into the travaile of childe birthe. 1655 Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camden) II. 298 ,1 am fallen into an acquaintance with a most eminent Leueller. 1659 B. Harris Parivals Iron Age 139 These two, being both Officers of the same Master, fell to difference. 1709 Steele & Swift Tatler No. 68 IP 3 Some, .fall into Laughter out of a certain Benevolence in their Temper. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 7 ip 2, I fell into a profound Contemplation. 175 1 Jortin Semi. (1771) IV. i. 54 He fell into an agony at the thoughts of it. 1x1862 Buckle Civiliz. (1873) III. iv. 192 The religious servitude into which the Scotch fell. 1879 Geo. Eliot Coll. Breakf. P. 377 Fall to sleep In the deep bosom of the Unchangeable. 1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xix. 186 Henry fell into one of his fearful rages. b. To fall in love: to become enamoured. Const, with. Also transf to become very fond of, or devoted to. (Cf. 40 c.) I 53 ° Palsgr. 544/2, I shall fall in love with her. 1591 Shaks. Two Gent. 1. ii. 2 Would’st thou then counsaile me to fall in loue? 1659 J* Moxon Tutor to Astron. 18 To make Men fall in love with Astronomy. 1768 Mad. D’Arblay Early Diary (1889) I. 25 A young lady of fashion.. has fallen in love with my cousin. 1837 Lytton E. Mai trav. 14 We must not fall in love with each other. 1866 G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Ncighb. i. (1878) 6, I would go and fall in love.. with the country round about. 39. Of things, whether material or immaterial: To pass, lapse (usually, unperceived or by neglect) + in, into, + to some specified condition, esp. ar¬ rears, confusion, decay, ruin, etc. Cf. 26 , 27 . c 1340 Cursor M. 9204 (Trin.) pat kyngdome fel in to wrake. 1530 Pai.sgr. 545/1 This castell falleth to ruynes euery day. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. 1. (1586) 35 It flowreth in June and July, and then falleth to seede. 1579 Fenton Guicciard. 1. (1599) 8 If in this desire he had beene satisfied, the peace of Italy had not perhaps falne into so sodaine alteration and trouble. 1605 Shaks. Macb. v. iii. 23 My way of life Is falne into the Seare, the yellow Leafe. 1720 Ozell tr. Vertot's Rom. Rep. I. vn. 424 The Lex Licina fell at length into Contempt. 1761 Hume Hist. Eng. III. liv. 167 He found everything fallen into such con¬ fusion. 1817 W. Selwyn Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 1227 The form of declaring with a continuando has fallen into disuse.. 1879 M. J. Guest Lect . Hist. Eng. xxxi. 306 The tribute..had fallen into arrears. 1889 Mrs, C. Carr Marg. Maiiphant II. xx. 103 The wane of the day had fallen into dusk. 40. With compl. (adj., sb., or prepositional phrase): To become (whatever the complement signifies). The compl. usually denotes either an unfavourable con¬ dition, or one that comes in the ordinary course of events. a. with adj. as complement ( e.g: ill, lame, sick, vacant, etc.). To fall due : see Due. 1382 Wyclif Gen. xxvi. 13 The man fel ryche. a 1400-50 Alexander 856 Philip falne [was] sare seke. 1530 Palsgr. 545/1 My lorde entendeth to gyve him the nexte benyfyee that falleth voyde. a 1533 Ld. Bernf.rs Huon clxii. 629 heading, To fal aquiynted with the fayre damoysel. 1607 Topsei.l Fonrf. Beasts (1673) 241 The King fell exceeding angry. 1658 A. Fox tr. Wurtz* Surg. 11. xi. 89 When a party is wounded in the Back .. he fals lame. 1667 Sir C. Lyttleton in Hatton Corr. (1878) 51 Falling very ill again, .of feavor. 1751 Smollett Per. Pic. vii. She fell sick of sorrow and mortification. 1820 Southey Life Wesley II. 414 His horse fell lame. 1858 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. (*865) I. in. iii. 147 The Teutsch Ritters were fallen money¬ less. 1879 Froude Caesar xviii. 303 All the offices fell vacant together. 1889 A. Sergeant Luck of House I. ix. 129 Her tongue would fall silent. b. with sb. as compl. Now only in to fall heir. 1591-2 Ld. Bacon Let. in Spedding Life 4* Lett. (1861) I. 116 His eldest son is fallen ward. 1606 G. W[oodcocke] tr. Justin's Hist. 29 b, At last they fal friends out of a volun- tarie consent. 1627-77 Feltham Resolves 1. xix. 35 'Tis gain, .that makes man fall a Traitor. 1891 Harper's Mag Dec. 100/2 The elder, .eventually fell heir to a certain estate. + c. with p7'ep.phr. as complement. Ohs. exc. dial. 1508 Barclay Shyp of Folys 14 They fall out of theyr mynde. 1530 Palsgr. 544/1 He is fallen all on a sweate. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. 1. (1586) 45 b, Hey..yfit be carryed into the Loft, rotteth, and the vapour being over¬ heated, falleth on fyre and burneth. 1578 Lyte Dodoens in. xxvi. 352 Them that waxe mad or fall beside themselves. 1631 Wf.ever Anc. Fun. Mon. 691 Leyland. .fell besides his wits. 1813 Picken PoemSy Auld Joan?ia 43 Blear-e’ed Kate had fa’n wi’ bairn. 1877 E. Peacock N. W. Line. Gloss.y Fall wi baim % to become pregnant, d. To fall to he : to come to be. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. JoJm 42 Our mynde ought not so to be delited in the contemplacion of hye thynges that we fall to be careles of our common stocke. 1663 Ger- bier Counsel 44 The peeres of Brick or Stone between them [window-cases], will fall to be of a fit width, a 1715 Burnet Own Time (1766) I. 443 William fell to be in ill terms with his mother. 1887 Stevenson Misadv. J. Nicholson iv. 6 The memory of his faults had already fallen to be one of those old aches. 41 . a. Of a benefice or its revenues: To lapse, revert to the feudal superior. + b. Of an office, living, holding: To become vacant. Ohs. 1530 Palsgr. 544/1 So sone as thou cannest se any offyee fall, come aske it of the kynge. 1550 Crowley Epigr. 948 Reuersions of fermes are bought long ere they fall. 1583 Wills «$• Inv. N. C. (Surtees) II. 76 To remayne..in the manor house of Thirlwall, untill Newbiggen fall. 1665 J. Webb Stone-Heng (1725) 119 He .. returned into England when His Place fell. 1686 R. Parr Life Ussher, He., obtained a grant of a patent..of such impropriations belonging to the Crown, as were then Leased out, as soon as they should fall, a 1715 Burnet Own Time II. 286 The Mastership of the temple was like to fall. 1796 Jane Austen Pride 4* Prej. (1885) I. xvi. 68 When the living fell, it was given elsewhere, 1839 Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 48 The revenues should fall to the crown. 1871 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xvii. 58 The new Minster was held to fall by the treason of its Abbot. + 42 . To change, turn to, into (something worse). Ohs. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xxi. 108 }oure fraunchise pat freo was fallen is to praldom. J 393 Gower Conf. I. 7 Love is falle into discorde. Ibid. III. 275 Which .. From aungels into fendes felle. 1426 Audelay Poems 12 Ale the wyt of this word fallus to foly. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 11. 18 Your writing, .falleth otherwise to a manner of reproaching. + 43 . Of the weather: To turn out, prove to be. 1633 G. Herbert Temple , Complaining ii, A silly flie, That live or die According as the weather falls. VIII. To occur, come to pass, befall, result. + 44 . T o arrive in course of time. Cf. Come v. 19 . 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc.2616 In erthe sal duelle pe bodis alle, Until pat dredful day sal falle. 1340-70 Alex. 4 * Dind. 323 We mowe tellen our time whan pe time fallus. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg . iv. 337 Two Honey Harvests fall in ev'ry Year. 45 . Of a special day or season: To come or occur at a stated time, or within stated limits. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 277 A Seyn Austynes day yt was, as yt valp in May. a 1300 Cursor M. 17288 + 77 (Cott.) pat friday was our leuedyday. .But now ful selden fallez it soo. c 1391 Chaucer Aslrol. 11. § 12 The xiij day of March fil vp-on a Saterday. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. 1. i. § 20 The 11 Generation after Moses, which will fall about the time of Samuel. 1694 Holder Time viii. 101 The Vernal Equinox, which at the time of the Nicene Council fell upon the 21st of March, falls now above 10 days sooner. 1853 Maurice Proph . 4- Kings xx. 352 The date, .falling between the years 610 and 600 before Christ. 1889 Repent. P. Wentworth III. iv. 44 Easter fell early that year. 46. Of an event, etc.: To come to pass; to happen, to occur. Ohs. exc. poet. a. simply; rarely with adj. as complement. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 16/512 Mani miracle par feol a-day. c 1340 Cursor M. 12284 (Trin.) Wherfore haue ye leten pis falle. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus. xlviii. 29 He shewide thingus to come, .er that thei fellen. c 1450 Lonelich Grail lvi. 64 A famyne that schold fallen in gret Bretaygne. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cxlvi. 174 Lykewise they woll deale with vs if the case fell lyke. a 1547 Surrey Aeneid 11. 897 A sodein monstrous marvel fell. 1633 Bp. Hall Hard Texts 521 The death of this cruel Tyran..shall fall about two moneths after this later period. 1764 Goldsm. Trav. 57 Oft a sigh prevails, and sorrows fall. 1823 Longfellow Life (1891) I. iii. 33, I am rather sorry that the Exhibition falls so late in the year. 1878 Tennyson Q . Mary v. i, If war should fall between yourself and France. FALL. 41 FALL. b. with dat. as indirect obj., or to, unto. Also with adj. as compl. Obs. exc. arch . c 1300 Cursor M. App. ii. 706 Thei comen lepand [>ider- warde, and J>at hem fel swi[>e harde. 1375 Barbour Bruce 11 45 Sa hard myscheiff hyin fell, a 1400-50 Alexander 2722 pe mare vnfryndschip parfore fall sail pe neuire. c 1450 Merlin 10 It. .neuer fill to woman saf oonly to me. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon vii. 15 The peteous aduenture that fell . .to the two chyldren. 1583 Sempill Bp. 0/St. Androis in Ballatcs (1872) 218 A vengeance faa him. 18.. Tennyson Grasshopper Poems (1830) 108 Shame fall ’em. C. impers ; also quasi- itnpers. with subject clause. Now rare. Const. dat., rarely with adj. as compl. f Him fell well : he prospered. + It falleth profit : it proves profitable. + May fall (in ME. = mayhap, perhaps): see May. £-1250 Gen. <$* Ex. 1521 NiSede Sat folk him fel wel. c 1340 Cursor M. 11929 (Fairf.) Hhyt fille vpon an holiday .. lhesu and othir childryn in samyn went hem by the lever to gamyn. 1375 Cantic. de Crcationc 638 in Anglia I, By pe weye it fel hem hard : an addre to hem gan lepe. c 1375 Cato Major 1. viii. in Anglia VII, Ofte fallep pe wyf hit hatep pat louep pe goode hosebande. c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 431 It fallep profyte to summe men to be bounde to a stake, a 1400-50 A lexander 2600 pof us fall now to flee we may na ferryre wend, a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon lx. 210 So it fell that, .kinge Charleinayn sent for hym. 1611 Bible 2 Kings iv. 11 It fell on a day that hee came thither. 1868- 70 Morris Earthly Par. (1890) 387/2 As it fell .. an elder *gan to tell The story. d. In phrases, Fair fall , Foul fall : may good or evil befall. Also, + Fall what can , will, fall : happen what may ; through thick and thin. a 1225 Leg . Kath. 1376 O, leue feren, feire is us i-fallen. c 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. Prol. 277 My lady sovereyne. .ys so good .. I prey to God that ever falle hire faire. c 1440 York Myst. xvi. 50 Faire falle pe my faire sone. a 1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 37 Falle what wolle falle, y wol do more euelle. 1523 Skelton Carl. Laurel 27 Fair fall that forster that so well can bate his hownde. 1631 Massinger Enip. East 11. i, I will not come behind, Fall what can fall 1 1651 Baxter Inf. Bapt. 100 Fair fall to the Antinomians. <11775 Hobie Noble i. in Child Ballads (1890) vii. clxxxix. 2/1 Foul fa the breast first treason bred in ! 1787 Burns To a Haggis i, Fair fa’ your honest, sonsie face, i860 Martin Horace 218 Foul fall the day. 1884 Cheshire Gloss. s.v., 4 Fair-faw Johnny; he's best lad o’ th’ two.’ 47. To come in the course of events, or of orderly treatment. Const, with dat. injin. To fall to be, to be (spoken of etc.). 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 34 The feaste of saynt Anyan fell to be the same tyme at Orleaunce. 1535 in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. in. I. 317 The same gentleman that toke hym may convaye hym to the forsaide place wher he shall faule to be upon monday next. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 87 The Gardens fall in the next place, to bee spoken of. 1639 Gentii.is Servita's Inquis. (1676) 872 With ease they are made, because with ease they are revoked, .as it falls to be most commodious for their businesses, a 1715 Burnet Own Time (1724) I. iii. 372 A Church falling to be given in that way, the electors had a mind to choose me. 1863 Burton Bk. Hunter 310 Had it fallen to be edited by a philosophical enquirer. 1879 F roude Caesar vii. 62 The campaign of Sylla in the East does not fall to be described in this place. 1884 Daily News 11 Feb. 5/5 The advance would fall to be made in the driest time. + 48. To come as a consequence or result. Const. by, from, of, out of Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 4520 (Cott.) Was par nan emang ham all Cuth saiquat par-of suld fall. 1398 Trf.visa Barth. De P. R. vii. iii. (1495) 223 Of that ytchynge fallyth many scalles. c 1400 Lanfrancs Cirurg. 191 Icchinge & scabbe.. fallip ofte of salt metis. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour Cj, Yet shalle I saye .. how it happed .. and what fylle therof. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon ii. 4 Wherby so many illes haue fallen. C1585 R. Browne Answ. Cartwright 57 Other matters, which fall out of the former proofes. a 1656 Bp. Hall Soliloquies 35 What can fall from defective causes but im¬ perfect effects ? + b. To turn to, result in ; to turn out, result. a 1300 Cursor M. 15420 (Cott.) To paim pat pe cheping did, it fel to mikel vnspede. Ibid. 29058 (Cott.) pat pi fast to saul fode mai falle. 1377 Langl. P. PI. xii. 47 Felyce hir fayrnesse ; fel hir al to sklaundre. 1398TREVISA Barth. De P. R. xvii. clxxxv. (1495) 727 Dronkenesse fallyth ofte in mannys slowthe and spouse brekynge. c 1400 Destr. Troy 8934 All oure fare & oure fortune hath fallyn to pe best. 1611 Bible Ruth iii. 18 Sit still, .vntill thou know how the matter will fall. 1699 Bentley Phal. 211 Let the dispute about Comedy and Susarion fall as it will. + c. Fall of (after ‘what’): To happen to, to become of. Cf. Become 4 . Obs. c 1430 Che 7 >. Assigne 130 And askede hym, in good feythe what felle of pe chyldren. 1485 Caxton Paris Sf V. 45 What shal falle of you my lady. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. lxxviii. [Ixxiv.] 234 No man knewe what sholde fal of theyr bod yes. IX. Transitive senses. *causativc. + 49. To let fall, drop ; to shed (tears) ; to cast, shed (leaves) ; to bring down (a weapon, the hand, etc.). Obs. exc. in Bel/ringing (see quot. 1868 ). 1475 Bk. Noblesse 66 It wolde make an harde hert man to falle the teris of his yen. 1594 Shaks. Rich. ///, v. iii. 135 To morrow in the battell. .fall thy edgelesse Sword. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. ii. 11. (1641) 120/2 A spark, that Shepheards Have fain .. Among dry leaves. 1598 Grene- wf.y Tacitus'' Ann. 1. xii. (1622) 23 Arminius wife, .not once falling a teare, nor crauing fauor. 1600 Shaks. A. Y. L. ill. v. 5 The common executioner.. Falls not the axe upon the humbled neck, But first begs pardon. 1610— Temp. 11. i. 296 Fall it [your hand] on Gonzalo. a 1628 F. Grf.ville Poems, Ceelica xxxvi, He had falne his Fathers Canne, All of Gold in the deepe. 1632 N abbf.s Coz>ent Garden 1. v, You've fallen my glove. 1665 G. Havers P. della Valle's Trav. VOL. IV, E. India 2 We cast Anchor without falling our sails. 1665- 76 Ray Flora 20 Shrubs which fall their leaves in the winter. 1808 J. Barlow Columb. vii. 201 They .. the sullen draw¬ bridge fall. 1868 Denison Clocks Watches (ed. 5) 415 in some parts of England they never raise and ‘ fall ’ the bells in order. t b. fig. To 1 drop ’, not to insist on. Obs. a 1700 Dryden (J.), I am willing to fall this argument. + c. To chop, give birth to (lambs, etc.). Obs. 1596 Shaks. Merck. V. 1. iii. 89 The. .Ewes, .did in eaning time Fall party-colour'd lambs. 1667 Colepresse in Phil. Trans. II. 480 A White Lamb fain on a Common, t 60. To let down, lower in position or direc¬ tion. To fall one's crest : see Cuest. Obs . 1692 Capt. Smith's Seamans Grain. 11. xxii. 135 Causing a Matross to raise or fall the Gun with an Hank-spike. 1748 Richardson Clarissa vi. V. 82 Half rearing the lids, to see who the next-comer was; and falling them again. 1795 J- Phillips Hist. Inland Navig. 8 Method employed . .to raise or fall vessels out of one Canal into another. + b. To cause to settle or subside. Obs. 1789 Trans. Soc. Enc. Arts II. 235 Throwing in a small quantity of oil to fall the froth. + c. To lower (the voice), either in pitch or loudness. Obs. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 105 To raise or fall his Voice still by Half-Notes. 1748 Dodsley Preceptor Introd. (1763) I. 44 Emphasis is raising the Voice, Cadence is falling it. + d. To lower (a price, etc.); to bring down in value, depreciate ; to depress (the market). Also, of land : To become worth less (rent). Obs. 1677 Yarranton Eng. Improv. 149 The Lands fall Rents. 1691 Locke Louver. Interest Wks. 1727 II. 8 You fall the Price of your Native Commodities. 1717 Newton in Rigaud Corr. Set. Men (1841) II. 425 In raising and falling the money, their King's edicts have sometimes varied a little. 1722 Lett, from Mist's Wkly. Jml. II. 41 The turning of Money in Stocks; and raising and falling the Market. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 282 He falls the value of his land and raises the value of assignats. + 61. To bring or throw to the ground; to over¬ throw. lit. and fig. Obs. C1300 K. Alis. 7186 He hath take my castelis ; He hath falle my torellis. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. 111. 43 Bere wel pin ernde. .Concience to falle. C1420 Sir Amadace (Camd.) xxxviii, God may bothe mon falle and rise. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 11. (1625) 78 By desire men are enflamed, by anger kindled, fallen by errour. a 1625 Boys Wks. (1629) 301 The serpent doth, .bruise our heele and so fall vs. b. Of a horse : To ‘ throw ’ (its rider). U. S. The wk. conjugation indicates that this is taken as another word, f. Fall sb. a 1851 W. Colton Ship Sf Shore viii. 139 The servant-boy . .told how the animal had failed him three times. c. To cut down (trees). Obs. exc. dial, or U. S. c 1386 Chaucer Knt’s T. 2930 The bcestes and the briddes alle ffledden for fere, whan the wode was falle. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 11. 437 Nowe make is to falle in season best. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 134 To fall the vnder wode. 1685 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. I. 128 A Penalty to be laid upon such as Cutt or fall Marked.. trees. 1805 Ii. Repton Landscape Gard. 75 The most beautiful places may.. be formed by falling, .trees. 1875 Parish Sussex Gloss, s.v., These trees are getting too thick, I shall fall a few of them next year. 1883 E. Ingersoll in Harper s Mag. Jan. 201/1 We must fall a tree straight and true. + 52. To throw, direct, cause to impinge {upon). a 1774 Goldsmith Surv. Experim. Philos. (1776) II. 235 A number of plain glasses, united to fall their rays upon the same spot, would actually burn. **not causative. + 53. = ‘To fall from’, ‘to fall down*. Obs. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 5993 How a 3onge man felle a tre. 1665 SirT. Herbert Trav. (1677) 201 If we miss One step, we headlong fall the precipice. 54. To have as one’s share, come in for, obtain. Obs. exc. dial. [Derived from 31, by transposition of subject and object.] c 1400 Destr. Troy 2406 A mede .. That ye faithfully shall falle. a 1568 A. Scott Poems (1820) 51 Feind a crum of the scho fawis. 1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 89 If a minister depart this life after Michaelmas, his executors shall fall that year’s stipend. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 26 If they bee under five the procter falleth none..if there bee above five the procter falleth one. 1690 W. Walker Idiomat. AnglO’Lat. 164 He heard that Dion had fallen a good estate. 1750 Song, For a' that in Collect. Loyal Songs 43 The Whigs think a’ that weal is won, But Faith they ma’ 11a fa’ that. [Cf. 1795 Burns For a' that iv, Guid faith he mauna fa' that.] 1889 Manley «$■ Corringham Gloss., Fall, to get, to receive. X. With prep, (and prepositional phrases). Besides the prepositions_/r475 Ran/Coilyar 90 Into sic talk fell tliay. 1590 Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons *3 They fall into argument of some such matters. 1666 Pepys Diary 14 Aug., We .. fell into dancing. 1673 Temple Ess. Ireland Wks. 1731 I. 109, I know not what it was that fell into Discourse t'other Day. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 124 T 2 We must immediately fall into our Subject. 1851 Dixon IV. Penn xxv.(1872)225 The merchants and craftsmen had fallen into their callings. 1889 F. Pigot Strangest Journ. 163 One lady had fallen into conversation with them. + e. To come within (the range of); to be taken in or grasped by. Obs. rare. 6 PALL. FALL. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 11. (1625) 16 He fell into your notice. 1613 Shaks. Hen. Fill , hi. ii. 340 Those things you haue done..Fall into' th' compasse of a Premunire. 1712 Addison Sped. No. 415 pioThe intire Concavity [of the dome! falls into «your Eye at once. f f. To come under, be included among. Obs. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. 90 They [letters] .. doe for the most part, fall into the.. Defensorie or Excusatorie kinde. g. To comply or take up with, accommodate oneself to. Also, to have recourse to. 1714-5 Atterbury Sertn. 13 Mar., We fall into all his Commands and Directions. 1788 Priestley Led. Hist. v. lii. 404 The generality of nations have fallen into the method of stamping them. 1790 Mad. D’Arblay Diary June, We fell immediately into our usual Windsor life. 1890 T. F. Tout Hist. Eng. from 1689, 128 The ignorant masses fell blindly into the plans of the United Irishmen. h. To get or drop into a habit, etc.). 1886 A. Sergeant No Saint I. viL 141 He had fallen into a trick of walking with bent head. 03. To fall off-. a. Of an animal: To lose appetite for (food); to refuse, b. Of a vessel: To deviate from (her course). Cf. 91 c, g. 1745 Mortimer in Phil. Trans. XLIII. 553 As soon as a Cow falls off her Meat, give her another Dose. 1839 T. Beale Sperm Whale 316 [He] called out.. for the helmsman to. .allow the ship to fall off her course. 64. Fall on -. fa. To pass suddenly or break out into, set about (an action or state). Obs. <21300 Cursor M. 14008 (Cott.) Sco fell on suilk a grete, |>at al sco was vr lauerd fete. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. II. 763 Thus should all the realme fall on a roare. 1632 Lithgow Trav. vi. 262 The fellow fell on trembling. 1670 Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Sev. Late J'oy. 1. (1711)52 We fall on fitting of our Rigging and getting the Ship fit. 1737 Whiston Josephus' Antiq. vi. vi. §3 If any one..fell on eating, .he should be accursed. b. Mil. To make a hostile descent or attack upon, join battle with; to rush upon, assault. (With indirect passive .) c 1400 Destr. Troy 10515 Ffallys on hym fuersly, frap hym to dethe. 1548 Hall Chron. 214 b, He feared lest the. .corn- men people.. would fall on hym, as one that fled away. 1667 Evelyn Mem. (1857) !• 26 The Dutch .. were fallen on our fleet at Chatham, a 1715 Burnet Gum Time (1823) I. 533 No merchants’ ships should be..fallen on, till six months after a declaration of war. 1864 Burton Scot Abr. I. ii. 61 Stewart. .fell on the episcopal city of Elgin. transf. and fig. 1662 J. Davies Voy. Ambass. 419 When the Ambassador .. was pleas’d to fall on any with his ordi¬ nary Language. 1667 Pepys Diary ( 1877) V. 179 The Par¬ liament .. are likely to fall heavy on the business. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 260 p 1 You cannot fall on a better Sub¬ ject. a 1715 Burnet Own Time II. 38 The house of Com¬ mons were resolved to fall on all the ministry. 1827 O. W. Roberts Centr. Amer. 126 A heavy sea falls on the coast. 1840 Barham Ingol. Leg., Bagman's Dog, He .. fell tooth and nail on the soup and the bouilli. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 194 They fell on him [Clarendon] as furiously as their predecessors had fallen on Strafford. c. To come across, light upon; + to hit upon (an expedient). (With indirect passive?) 1596 Shaks. i Hen IV, v. iv. 34 Seeing thou fall’st on me so luckily. 1652 Sir C. Cotterell tr. Cassandra 11. 107 At first he fell not on the thought of what it was. 1761-2 Hume Hist. Eng. (i8o6t V. lxix. 199 A strange expedient was fallen on to supply this deficiency. 1790 Beatson Nav. $ Mil. Mem. I. 96 They fell on means to heave her round. 1890 R. M. Kettle Old Hall 1. vi. 51 They had fallen on a theme it would be unwise to pursue. d. To have recourse to; to make use of. X654 Whitlock Zootomia 142 Presently they fall on that common place, how much mischiefe it [learning] may do without Grace. <*1715 Burnet Own Time (1823) I. 452 They fell on propositions of a strange nature to ruin them. 1885 Stevenson Dynamiter 175 Sir George .. fell on some expressions which I still remember. e. To drop back to, resume (a position). 1809 Roland Fc?icing 140 After which fall on the position of the guard. f. quasi -itnpers. with it introducing infinitive clause : To occur to, befall (a person), rare. 1842 J. H. Newman Par. Serm. VI. viii. 108 Some persons recollect a time .. when it fell on them to reflect what they were. g. To fall on board: see simple senses and Board sb. 12 e. Cf. 72 a. 1805 Log in Nicolas Disp. Nelson VII. 207 note, The Royal Sovereign fell on board of our starboard beam. h. To fall on one's feet : fig. to fare fortunately, be well provided for. 1886 Warner Their Pilgrimage (1888) 6 Mr. King .. was put in good humor by falling on his feet, as it were, in such agreeable company. + i. To fall on shore : to run aground. Obs. X590 Marlowe Edw. II, iv. vi, With sore tempests driven, To fall on shore. f To fall on sleep: see Asleep. 65. Fall through -. To make a ‘mess* of. Sc, 1825 Jamieson s. v., By her foolish airs, she’s fa’n through her marriage. 1826 Hogg Meg o' Mar ley. The minister’s fa’en through the text An’ Meg gets a’ the blame o’t. 66 . Fall to-, fa. To be drawn by feel¬ ing to; to attach oneself to, become a follower of; also, to make one’s peace with. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 15131 (Gott.) We se l>e folk alle fall till him. 1557 K. Arthur 1. xviii, To them fell kynge Ryence of North Wales. 1611 Bible i Chron. xii. 19 There fell some of Manasseh to David, when he came •. against Saul to battle, 42 f b. To get upon (the scent); to get the scent of, track. Obs. rare. c 1340 Caw. t)- Gr. Knt. 1425 pe howndez. .fellcn. .fast to )>e fuyt. c 1420 Anturs of Arth. i, Thay horn dy3t into the depe dellus, Fellun to tho femalus. f c. To agree with, accede to (a proposal, etc.). X523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I.clxi. 195, I wold gladly fall to any reasonable way. 1548 Hall Chron. 214 b, The citiezens .. fell to this pact. 1683 Penn in R. Burton Eng. Emp. Amer. vii, He fell to the Bounds of the Land they had agreed to dispose of, and the Price. d. To apply or betake oneself to; to have re¬ course to ; to take to ; to begin, proceed to. With sb. f inf ., or gerund. Also in Fall to it : set to work, bestir yourself. c 1380 SirFerumb. 647 Tel )>ou me. .al }>e so[>e as }>ow art gent & free, & su[f> e schalle we to-gadre bo]>e falle to fi}te a-3e. <*1400-50 Alexander 4587 A wolfe .. Quen he has faute of his flesch he Tallis to j?e soile ! 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 35 b, Fall to prayer and make thypeticyon to God. a 1568 Ascham. Scholem 1. (Arb.) 32 Then will he sonest faul to beate his scholers. 1600 E, Blount tr. Cone- staggio 14 Growing to more yeeres, they fell to distrust him. x6io Shaks. Temp. 1. i. 3 Speake to th’Mariners: fall too’t, yarely, or we run our selues a ground. 1644 Slingsby Diary (1836) 112 In Marston corn feilds [the Parliamentary army] falls to singing psalms. 1707 Land. Gaz. No. 4329/5 They fell to their Oars. 1727 Swift Lett. Eng. Tongue 18 That Licentiousness which .. fell to corrupt our Language. 1853 Lytton My Novel iv. xi. 187 He fell to patting the mare with great unction. 1865 Kingsley Herew. I. x. 236 He was healed instantly, and fell to religion. e. + To fall to (food) : to begin eating (it). To fall to work : to begin working. a 1400 Sir Perc. 1326 Thay felle to thaire fude. 1551 Crowley Pleas. <$■ Pain 495 Fall nowe to worke for your lyueynge. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 1. 52 When this is done they fall to their Meat. I saw one of these Grave-Feasts. 1719 De Foe Crusoe I. xiv. 243 He fell to work. 1817 Cobbett Taking Leave col. 25 The Grazier then fell to work with his stick in such a style as I never before wit¬ nessed. 1861 Hughes Tom Bro 7 un at Oxf. iii. (1889) 22 The four fell to work upon the breakfast. 67 . Fall under -. + a. To throw oneself at the feet of. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 12475 (Gott.) Honurand him he fel him vnder. b. To come or be classed under, be included in. c 1460 Fortescue Abs. Sf Line. M071. vii, Riche furres, o]?er than be wonned to fall vnder .. J?e yerely charges off his warderobes. 1818 Cruise Digest (z d. 2) II. 281 The present limitation, .does not fall under either of these heads. rx86s J. Wylde in Circ. Sc. I. 5 Electrotyping and Gilding .. fall under this section. 1870 Max Muller Sc. Relig. (1873) 357 Being signs they fall under the category of language. e. To be brought under the operation or scope of, be subjected to. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 307 Them, that, .passe over whatsoever falleth under their fingers. X605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. iv. § 1 To speak unto such as do fall under or near unto a popular observation. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 222 Their modus opera 7 idi. .doth not fall under Demonstration. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 44 P 5 Absurdities .. as ridiculous as that which falls under our present Censure. 1824 Med- win Convers. Byro 7 i (1832) II. 109 His ‘ Revolt of Islam *.. fell under the lash of * the Quarterly ’. 1839 G. Bird Nat. Phil. Introd. 35 These, .states of matter will fall under our observation. 68. Fall unto-. =Fall to, in various senses. 1535 Coverdai.e i Chro 7 i. xii. 19 Of Manasses there fell certain vnto Dauid. 1587 Turberv. Trag. T. (1837) 134 The Lady, somewhat hungrie, fell unto the Cates. 1611 Bible 2 Kings vii. 4 Let vs fall vnto the host of the Syrians. 69 . Fall upon-. f a. =Fall on 64 a. a 1300 Cursor M. 15580(Cott.) Alle \>e apostels ban bi-gan to fal a-pon a gret. b. = Fall on 64 b. 1480 Caxton Chr 07 i. E 7 ig. ccxxvi. 231 Kyng edward. .fyll vpon phelip of valoys. 1568 Grafton Chro 7 i. II. 148 Sir Edward, .fell sodeinly upon the hoste of..Sir Simond. 1671 Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1711) 132 The Commander, .began to fear, lest they might be fallen upon. 1698 T. Froger Voy. 33 This Bird, .pearches upon some Tree .. waiting till the Fish swim even with the Surface of the Water, to fall upon them. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones xvi. ii, He hath fallen upon me with that stick. 1844 H. H. Wilson Brit, hidia II. 106 Some of the principal Omras urged the Nizam to fall upon the Residency. transf. and fig. 1709 Hearne Coiled. 13 Apr., The Dr. has .. fallen upon Gronovius .. But he was provok’d to it by Gronovius’s first falling upon him. X749 Fielding Tom Jo 7 ies xvi. iv, When I expected you would have commended me for all I have done, to be fallen upon in this manner. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop x, Kit .. falling upon a great piece of bread and meat. 1857 Livingstone Trav. xv. 278 Manenko fell upon our friends, .she is a most accomplished scold. C. = Fall on 64 c. 1632 Lithgow Trav. iv. 137 At last we fell vpon a Dalma¬ tian widdow, whose pittifull lookes. .stroke mysoule. 1747 in Col. Rec. PeymsylvN. 99 Some Method should be fall’n upon to prevent the Evils which threaten Us. 1777 Pringle Telescopes 9 By the force of his..genius he fell upon this new property of light. 1837 W. Irving Capt. Bo 7 i 7 ieville II. 77 He .. soon fell upon the track of Mr. Robert Camp¬ bell’s party, which had preceded him by a day. 1862 Ld. Brougham Brit. Co 7 ist. xiii. 189 Edward III fell upon an expedient which gave very great satisfaction to all. 1874 G. W. Dasent Tales froin Fjeld 247 When he had walked a while, he fell upon an old wife. + d. To begin upon, take up, set about. Obs. 1625 Burgf.s Pers. Tithes 2 My Purpose is not here to fall vpon that Question. 1649 Bp. Hall Cases Consc. i.v. 43 Other¬ wise some Interloper may .. fall upon the work at a lower rate, and undoe the first editor. 1701 Swift Contests Nobles Co 7 n. iii, These Persons .. fell violently upon advancing the Power of the People. 1741 Wesley Wks. (1872) 1 . 304 They immediately fell upon their favourite Subject. e. To come (casually) to, take up with, adopt, have recourse to. 1633 Bp. Hall Hard Texts 231 He that falls rashly upon his determinations, .cannot but offend. 1654 H. L’Estrange Chas. I (1655) 130 His Majesty fell upon Davids design .. of numbering the People. 1858 Sears A than. in. v. 297 The church, .had fallen upon the belief that he [Christ] was soon to appear again. f. Gcotn. Of a line, point, etc.: To have a place upon, cover, come exactly upon. 1570 Billingsley Euclid 1. viii. 18 The line FG may fall directly vpon the line DF. 1840 Lardner Gco 7 u. 42 The vertex of the angle d must fall upon the vertex of the angle c. + g. To come upon, become legally chargeable to (the parish). Obs. 1677 Yarranton Eng. hiiproi'. 150 Consider that Bank- Granaries .. will be the occasion of taking infinite poor people off the Parish, and prevent others falling upon the Parish. + h. = Fall back upon. 1767 S. Paterson Another Traveller l I. 218 Failing of an inscription, [he] may fall upon a derivative. + 70 . Fall with-. To come upon in due course; to meet with. Chiefly Naut. To make (land). Obs. 1556 W. Towrson in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 112 The 12 of May we fell with the Isle of Lundy in the Channel of Bris- toll. 1599 Ibid. II. 1. 258 The land is very high that we fall withall. 1632 Le Grys tr. Veil. Paterc. 1 Teucer. .falling with [adgulsns] Cyprus, did build .. Salamina. 1646 j. Brinsley Araignm. Pres. Schism 1 Opening his Bible, he fell with that of the Psalmist. 1670-1 Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1711) 124 Expecting to fall with Indians, for I saw many Fires up in the Land. Ibid. 125 This Morning..I fell with a fine Sandy Bay. 71 . Fall within-. To come within the in¬ fluence, operation, or scope of; to be included in. 1576 Fleming Pa 7 iopl. Epist. 228 Those things that .. fall within the view of the sight. 1688 Lett. cone. Present St. Italy 92 This was indeed a matter that could fall within the Popes understanding. 1771 Junius Lett. xliv. 240 There may be instances, .which do not fall within my own exceptions. 1806 Med. Jriil. XV. 561 This.. work would not have fallen within the notice of our department, had it not been [etc.]. 1845 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 23 A charge .. such .. as should fall within this penalty. 1884 G. Denman in Laiu Rep. 29 Chanc. Div. 466 Statements, .made, .so recklessly as to fall within the rule of fraud. XI. With adverbs, forming the equivalent of compound vbs. in other langs. ; e. g. to fall out— L. excidere , Ger. ausfallcn. (The phrases fall foul, fall short, are for convenience placed here, notwithstanding some uncertainty in the gram¬ matical character of the adjuncts: see Foul, Short, adjs. and advbs.) 72 . Fall aboard, a. See Aboard 2 d. c 1380 WYcLiF.SVr*//. Sel. Wks. I. 294 Men ]>at nowdremen an accident wi[>outen suget mai falle aborde wi]> ]>ese foolis. 1769 Falconer Did. Marine s.v. Aboard, To fall A bear'd of, to strike or encounter another ship, when one or both are in motion. 179X Hist. in A7171. Reg. 187 They fell aboard a Swedish line of battle ship. f b. To make a beginning. Obs. a 1680 Butler Cat $ Puss Rem. (1759) I. 93 To lose no further Time, he fell aboard, a 1700 B. E. Did. Ca 7 it. Crew , Fall-a-bord, fall on and Eat heartily. 73 . Fall about. a. See simple senses and About adv. 1874 Mrs. L. B. Walford Mr. Smith vii. (1876)74 ,1 wish you would not go falling about that way. f b. To search around, cast about. Obs. 1632 Rutherford Lett. xxi. (1862'' I. 86 It is high time we were .. falling about to try what claim we haue to Christ. 74 . Fall abreast of. See 36 and Abreast 4. 1886 Mrs. C. Praed Miss Jacobsc 7 i I. x.205 The object of it. .checked hi* horse and fell abreast of her. + 75 . Fall adown. See 1 and Adown A. 1. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724)401 be on alf[of the body] vel adoun anon, \>e o|?er byleuede stylle In]>e sadel. c 1400 La 7 ifra 7 ic's Cirurg. 277 f>e stoon falli)? adoun of )?e reynes toward [>e bladdre bi pe weie of urine. 1513 Bradshaw St. Wcr- burgei. 1302 His gloues. .shortly to grounde failed adowne. Fall afire. See 40 c and Afire. f 76 . Fall after. Of a dream : To come true. c 1400 Rom. Rose 13 To wene that dremes after falle. 77 . Fall asleep. See 38 and Asleep 2, 3. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xxii. 5 Ich fel eft-sones a slepe. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. 11. 75/1 We .. fall a slepe, when we should moste harken. 1662 J. Davies Voy. And>ass. 82 She . .fell asleep. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) I. vi. 102 The fit wearing off, I fell asleep. Fall aslope. See 39 and Aslope. 78 . Fall astern. See 36 and Astern 3. 1669 Sturmy Marmer 's Mag. iv. 160 If you sail against a Current .. Swifter than the Ship’s way, you fall a Stern. 1776 in Falconer Did. Marvic. 1833 Makryat P. Simple 1 , The boat fell astern, leaving two Spaniards clinging to the side. 79 . Fall away. a. See simple senses and Away. a 1300 Cursor M. 19691 (Cott.) Skales fell fra his eien a-wai. c 1400 Lanfra 7 ic s Cirurg. 179 If |>ou wolt kepe heeris )>at ]>ei schulen not falle awei. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. 1. (1586) 39 Flowres . .which falling away, leaveth be- hindethem little round knoppes. 1697 Dampier Voy. (1698) I. 112 The top of it .. gradually falls away on each side with a gentle descent. 1862 Tyndall Moufitameer, ii. 14 Portions of snow had fallen away from the upper slope. 1889 A. C. 43 FALL. FALL. Doyle Micah Clarke xxiii. 24 The breeze has fallen away to nothing. f b. To ce*ase to speak of a subject. Const, from. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus hi. 1257 Lat us fal away fro this matere, For it suffiseth, this that scyde is here. c. To withdraw one’s support, draw off, desert, revolt. Const, from, to. 1535 Covekdale 2 ChroH. x. 19 Thus fell Israel awaie from the house of Dauid. i6n Bible 2 Kings xxv. n The fugitiues that fell away to the king of Babylon. 1889 A. C. Doyle Micah Clarke xxxiii. 362, I am surprised, .that you should have fallen away from that allegiance. d. With respect to religious belief or practice : To become a backslider ; to apostatize {from). 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xlii. 84 Some fell. .away, .from soundnes ofbeliefe. 1611 Bible Luke viii. 13 These .. for a while beleeue, and in time of temptation fall away. 1751 Wesley Wks. (1872) X. 285, I believe a saint may fall away. 1824 Scott Redgauntlet xxi, * O Joshua .. wilt thou thus fall away from the truth?’ 1867 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1877) I. tv. 210 Large numbers of the Normans, .fell away from Christianity. t e. To lose flesh or substance; to shrink. Obs. * 53 ° Palsgr. 544/1, I fall awaye, 1 wax leane of flesshe.. Je desohame. a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) II. 446 He delights, like a fat* overgrown Man, to see himself fall away. 1770 Gray Lett. Wks. 1884 III. 354 Mrs. Jonathan, .is much fallen away. f. To decay, pine away, perish, vanish. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 223 All things..when they are at their ful ripenesse, then are they most fit to fall away and pearish. 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI , 111. i. 193 Till bones and flesh and sinewes fall away. 1611 Bible i Macc. iv. 32 Cause the boldness of their strength to fall away. 1711 Addison Sped. No. hi P 5 How can it enter into the Thoughts of Man, that the Soul. .shall fall away into nothing, almost as soon as it is created? 1827 Longf. Life (1891) I. viii. 106 The cottages [are] ruinous and falling away piece¬ meal. 1871 R. Ellis Catullus li. 6 Within me Every lost sense falleth away for anguish. 80. Pall back. a. See simple senses and Back. 1622 Fletcher Beggar s Bush hi. iv, Can mens prayers.. Fall back like lazy mists? 1676 Waltons Angler 1. xix, The .. slime which that river leaves on the banks, when it falls back into its natural channel. 1696 tr. Du Mont's Voy. Levant 176 A large piece of Felt, .which falls back on their Shoulders. 1845 II. Rogers Ess. (i860) I. 144 The Church would soon have fallen back, .into its ancient corruptions. b. To step back, give way. Of troops: To retreat, retire. 1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. 11. ii, Brother fall back And you shall learne some mischeife. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. xii. 204 Falling backe where they Might field-room find. 1676 Etheredge Man of Mode hi. i, Fall back on The sud¬ den. .and break out Into a loud laughter. 1781 Hist. Eur. in Ann. Reg. 16/1 That regiment being ordered to fall back on their approach. 1823 Douglas, or Field of Otterburn III. iii. 36 His enemies .. fell back to avoid his. .thrusts. fig. 1714 Addison Sped. No. 556 f 3 Nothing but an in¬ vincible Resolution, .could have prevented me from falling back to my Monosyllables. 1879 M. J. Guest Led. Hist. Eng. xlvi. 464 They fell back a little, too, to favouring the celibacy of the clergy. c. Of a coast-line : To recede. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Keg. I. 224 The coast falls gradually bach. + d. To fall into arrear (in payments). Obs. 1786 Burke IV. Hastings Wks. 1842 II. 88 The..nabob.. falling back in other payments in the same, .proportion. 81. Tall back on, upon. a. Mil. To retire to. b. fig. To have recourse to (something) when other things fail. 1841 Myers Cath. Th. 287 The internal Evidence of Chris¬ tianity. .on which we must fall back. 1862 Trench Mirac. xxxiii. 456 A manual trade, on which to fall back in the time of need. 1877 Miss Yonge Cameos Ser. hi. xxii. 205 The rebel army fell back .. upon Linlithgow. 1889 Jessopp Coming of Friars v. 254 Young men presumably with some private means to fall back upon. 82. Fall behind, behindhand. See simple senses and Behind, Behindhand. 1530 Palsgr. 543/2 He is fallen behynde the hande, within this thre yere. 1885 Mane It. Exam. 21 July 5/2 If the tenant falls behind with his instalments. 1887 Visct. Bury & Hillier Cycling i. 40 After about twenty miles the horse slowly but surely falls behind. t 83. Fall by. a. To miss receiving something, b. Sc. To be mislaid, c. Sc. To be affected with any ailment, esp. to be confined in childbed (Jam.). 1614 T. White Martyrd. St. George B ij b, His arme now thrusting forth. .To latch the stripes for feare of falling by. 1640 Rutherford Lett. 11. xxix. (1671) 491 Christ’s papers of that kinde cannot be lost or fall by. 84. Fall down. a. See simple senses and Down. <11175 Cott. Horn. 221 Swa michte ajac ]>e oSre ]>e [>er fellon don. c 1250 Gen. f what can, etc.) 46 d ; fall a prey, sacrifice, victim 24; f. about a person's ears 28; f. among thieves 35 a \f. at the crest 15 \f. calm 10 h\f dead 23 ; f due 40 a; f. from a person, his mouth 6; f. heir 40 b; f. in age 7 b ; f. in flesh 14 ; f. in (one’s) heart 34 ; f. in love 38 b ', f. in pieces 27 ; f. in two 27 b ; f. into error, sin 25 b ; f. into (a person’s) heart, mind 34; f. on 1 one’s) face, knees 20; f on a sword 19 c; f out of flesh 14; f profit 46 c; f. to be 40, 47 ; f. to earth, ground 1, 19 ; f to (one’s) lot, share 31 ; f. to mould, to pieces, powder 27 ; f. to (one’s) rifle 23 c; f. to (one)self 36; f. to (one’s) share 31; let fall 4. f PaTlable, CL. Obs. Also 6 -ible. [f. Fall v. + -able.] Capable of falling, liable to fall. 1548 Hall Chron. 177 b, The feble foundation of this fallible buildyng. 1577 tr. Bullingcr's Decades (1592) 487 Unlesse God had made man fall-able, there had beene no praise of his workes or vertue. a 1656 Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. ( 1660) 371 Man, as he was creable, fallable, saveable. t Falla’ce, sb. Obs. Forms: 4-5 fallas, 5 falace, 4-7 fallace. [a. Y. fallace , ad. L. falldcia, f. fallax : see next.] 1 . Deception, trickery, falsehood ; deceitfulness ; an instance of the same ; = Fallacy i, 2. a 1300 Cursor M. 3664 (Cott.) If mi fader \>at es now blind Mai mi fallace oght vnderfind. 1388 Wyclif Matt. xiii. 22 The fallace of ritchessis stranguhth the word. 1483 Cax- ton G. dc la Tour H iv, The fallaces and vanytees of the world. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 11. 73 Lyes and fallaces that they did write, a 1634 Chapman Alphonsus Plays 1873 III. 235 Nay without fallace they have several Beds. 2 . A sophistical argument; = Fallacy 3. 1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 637/2 A goodly false foolishe fallace. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 11. xiv. § 6 Socrates, .hath exactly expressed all the fourmes of obiec- tion, fallace and redargution. t Falla ce, a. Obs. rare~ l . [a. OY.fallace t ad. L .fallax (stem falldci -), f. fallcre to deceive.] = Fallacious. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xvii. 231 Freres.. Meuen motifs meny tymes insolibles and fallaces. t Fallacrloquence. Obs.~° [ad. L. falld- ciloquentia , f. falldci - (see prec.) + loquentia talk¬ ing : see -ence.] Deceitful speech. 1656-81 in Blount Glossogr. 1721-61 in Bailey. f FallaciToquent, a. Obs.-° [f. L . filldci- (see Fallace) + loquent-em y pr. pple. of loqtil to speak.] Speaking deceitfully. 1730-6 in Bailey. Fallacious (faRijhs), a. [f. L. falldci-a (see Fallacy) +-ous. d.Y.fallacieux. In early use it appears with sense derived from that of the sb. ; subsequently (in accordance with the usual tendency of adjs. in -acious) it came to be taken as the re¬ presentative of L .fallax.'] 1 . Of an argument, syllogism, etc. : Containing a fallacy. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas, xi. xx, Seven sophyms full hard and fallacyous Thys ydre used in preposicion Unto the people. 1651 Baxter Inf. Bapt. 228, I undertake to prove every Argument of his .. to be vain and fallacious. 1788 Reid Aristotle's Log. v. §3. 116 Such fallacious syllogisms are considered in this treatise. 1864 Bowen Logic ix. 294 Those fallacious reasonings which are correct in form. 2 . fa. Of persons: Deceitful (obs). b. Of things : Deceptive, misleading. a. 1663 Cowley The Complaint viii, Teach me not then, O thou fallacious Muse, The Court, .t’accuse. 1769 Burke Late State Nat. Wks. 1842 I. 82 This author .. is only slovenly and inaccurate, and not fallacious. _ b. 1651 Biggs New Disp. F 305 A fallacious word, signify¬ ing contrary to what it pretends. 1772 84 Cook Voy. (1790) V 1 .2024 A very fallacious method of j udging. 1856 Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. x. 434 No evidence is more fallacious than that which rests upon isolated facts. 3 . That causes disappointment; mocking expecta¬ tion, delusive. FALLACIOUSLY. 45 FALLIBLE. 1667 Milton P. L. ix. 1046 That fallacious Fruit. 1741 Middleton Cicero II. x. 385 False and fallacious hopes. i$77 Sparkow Strut, i. 11 Nor is it a deceitful joy. .a falla¬ cious peace. Fallaciously (fal^i -Josh), adv. ff. as prec. + -ly 2.J In a fallacious manner. 1650 Sir T. Browne Pseud . Ef>. Pref, We..promise no disturbance or reoppose any pen that shall fallaciously re¬ fute us. 1764 Reid Inquiry vi. § 5. 139 That our senses fallaciously represented them [heat, colour, etc.] as being in bodies. 1884 Sir C. S. C. Bowen in Law Rep . 28 Chanc. Div. 15 It is often fallaciously assumed that [etc.]. Fallaciousness (fal^-Jasnes). ff. as prec. + -ness.] The quality or fact of being fallacious. 1681 H. More Exp. Dan. 34 The..fallaciousness of the Greek Nation. 1752 Johnson Rambler No. 203 F2 Every one has. .detected the fallaciousness of hope. 1847 Hare Viet. Faith 44 The groundlessness and fallaciousness of a proposition. t Fallacity. Obs. [ad. L fallacitat-em , n. of state f. fallax : see Fall ace a .] Fallaciousness. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 111. 190 The old. .Aphorism of.. Nature’s obscurity.. the Senses fallacity. 1773 Observ. State Poor 49 However consistent this specious reasoning may be with, .justice, its fallacity will not escape detection. Fallacy (fsedasi). Forms : 5-7 falacy(e, 6-7 fallacie, (7 fallecie), 7- fallacy, [ad. L .falldcia, n. of quality f. fallax deceptive : see Fallace a. First in 15th c. replacing the older Fallace sb.] +1. Deception, guile, trickery; a deception, trick; a false statement, a lie. Obs. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 67 Ha reynart how wel can ye your falacye and salutacion doon. 1607 Topsell Four-/. Beasts (1673) 159 Then make they a narrow bridge covered with earth..that the beasts may dread no fallacy. 1671 Milton P. R. i. 155 Winning by Conquest what the first man lost By fallacy surprized. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones xvi. ix, Her utter detestation of all fallacy. 2. fa. Deceitfulness (obs.). b. Deceptiveness, aptness to mislead, unreliability. 1641 J. Johnson (title), The Academy of Love, describing the Folly of younge Men and the Fallacy of Women. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 220 Let us not affirm their existence, and on on the Fallacies of Sense, c 1800 K. White Rem. (•837) 381 The fallacy of human friendship. 1849 Mrs. Somerville Connex. Phys. Sc. xxv. 264 A consciousness of the fallacy of our senses. 3 . A deceptive or misleading argument, a sophism. In Logic esp. a flaw, material or formal, which vitiates a syllogism ; any of the species or types to which such flaws are reducible. Also, sophistical reasoning, sophistry. Not in Wilson’s Logic (1552) which has ‘deceipt’, 1 de- ceiptfulness as the equivalent of fallacia in this sense. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 100 a, It is a false fallacie.. to argue from a parte to the hole. x6i2 Brinsley Lud. Lit. xvii. (1627) 208 To helpe to answer the subtilties or fallacies. a 1665 J. Goodwin Filled iv. the Spirit (1867) 160, I shall .. proceed to shew the fallacies and other weaknesses of those pretences. 1776 Adam Smith IV. N. 11. iv. I. 357 The fallacy which seems to have misled those gentlemen. 1884 tr. Lotze's Logic 284 The commonest fallacy is ambiguity of the middle term. 4 . A delusive notion, an error, esp. one founded on false reasoning. Also, the condition of being deceived, error, 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. II. ii. 188 lie entertaine the free’d [ Globe ed. offer’d] fallacie. 1665 GlanvillAV^/j. Sci. xiii. 75 We being then thus obnoxious to fallacy in our apprehensions and judgments. 1735-8 Bolingbroke On Parties Ded. 22 When They cannot impose a Fallacy, endeavour, .to hinder Men from discerning a Truth. 1825 Syd. Smith Wks. (1859) II. 59 2 A vast number of absurd and mischievous fallacies. 1844 H. H. Wilson Brit. India I. 413 In adducing the authority of Hindu writers in favour of the doctrine, two sources of fallacy are discernible. 5 . Sophistical nature, unsoundness (of argu¬ ments) ; erroneousness, delusiveness (of opinions, expectations, etc.). 1777 Priestley Disc. Philos. Nccess. Pref. 30, I was enabled to see the fallacy of most of the arguments. 1825 M c Culloch Pol. Ecoti. 11. 158 The returns under the popu¬ lation acts have shown the fallacy of these opinions. 1850 Prescott Peru II. 193 Expectations of wealth, of which almost every succeeding expedition had proved the fallacy. + b. Proneness to err, fallibility. Obs. rare. 1651 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 11. xxvii. (1739) 120 Find¬ ing the fallacy of the infallible Chair, he hearkens unto other Doctors. 1796 Gouv. Morris in Sparks Life $ IVrit. (1832) III. 87 Experience has taught me a sincere faith in the fallacy of human opinions. 0 . Comb., as fallacy-monger. 1849 Cobden Speeches 10 When the revolutions broke out, these fallacy-mongers exclaimed. Fallage (fj led^). [f. Fall v. + -age.] The action or process of falling or cutting down trees. 1882 Mayne Reid in N. Y. Tribune May, The fallage is not all done at the same time. Fal-lal (faedilarl, ftelced), sb. and a. Also fallol. [One of the many reduplicating formations expressing the notion of something trivial or gaudy; cf. knick-knack , gew-gaw. The suggestion may have been given by Fa lb a la.] A. sb. 1. A piece of finery or frippery, a showy adorn¬ ment in dress. Chiefly pi. a 1706 Evelyn (Fairholt), His dress has bows and fine fal- lalls. 1718 Mrs. Centlivre Bold Stroke for Wife 11, And thou do’st really think those Fallals becoineth thee? 1775 T. Sheridan Art Reading 88 One of their painted Cour¬ tezans, adorned with fripperies and fallals. 18x6 Scott Old Morta l, xxxix, It was an idle fancy, .to dress the honest auld man in thae expensive fal-lalls that he ne’er wore in his life. 1861 Sala Dutch Piet. viii. 121 New bonnets .. and similar feminine fallals. 2. dial. Affectation in manner, fussy show of politeness. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., 1 1 canna believe a word 'e says ’e’s so much fallal about ’im.’ 1887 S. Cheshire Gloss., ‘ He’s too much fallol about him to plcease me.’ 3 . «= Fa-la. 1864 Reader 17 Sept. 364 The slow dance with its ‘fal-lal’ burthen. + B. adj. Affected, finicking, foppish. Obs. 1748 Richardson Clarissa I. xlii. 291 Humouring his old fal-lal taste. 1768 Mad. D'Arblay Early Diary 17 July, I was so sick of the ceremony and fuss of these fall iall people ! x8i8 Scott Hrt. Midi, xxv, Your cockups and your fallal duds. + b. absol. To be a little upon the fal-lal : to border on the affected. 1754 Richardson Grandison V. xvi, The lady is a little upon the fallal. Fallalery (fselilaederi). [f. prec. sb. + -ery.] Tawdry finery, gaudy ornament. 1833 Hood Public Dinner ii, Dames in the gallery, All dressed in fallallery. 189X G. Meredith One of our Con¬ querors I. iv. 65 Dancing and flirting and fal-lallery. Fallalish (fselilse'lij), a. rare. [f. Fal¬ lal a. + -ish.] Somewhat fal-lal. Lienee Fal- laTishly adv. 1754 Richardson Grandison (1781) V. xliii. 274 An old soul, whose whole life has been but one dream, a little fal- lal-ishly varied. t Fallation. Obs. Forms: 6-7 fallacian, -ion, fallation. [Formation not quite clear; f. Fallacy or its source, the ending being confused with -ation; or f. Fallacious, on the analogy of suspicious , suspicion .] —Fallacy 3. a 1568 Ascham ScJtolem. 11. (Arb.) 132 Tomitanus ..hath expressed euerie fallacion in Aristotle, with diuerse examples out of Plato. 1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. 1. iv. 26 b, Fal- lacians bee eyther in the woord or in the reason. x6io Healey St. Aug. Citie of God 309. t FaTl-away, sb. Obs. [f. vbl. phrase fall away : see Fall v. 79 .] One who falls away from religion; an apostate. 1682 Bunyan Barren Fig-tree (1684) 104 It is impossible for those Fall-a-ways to be renewed again unto repentance. t Fa llax, sb. Obs. [a. L. fallax, neut. of fallax deceptive, i. fallere to deceive.] = Fallacy. 1530 Palsgr. 218/2 Fallaxe or 6 .^sc^qX.,falace. 1563 Foxe A . M. 750, I answer to thargument, whych I do deny as a fallax. a 1628 F. Greville Sidney viii. (1652) 104 That ever-betraying Fallax of undervaluing our enemies. 1669 Sturmy Mariner s Mag. C ij b. t Falla’xity. Obs. [f. h. fallax \ see Fallace a. and -ity.] = Fallacy. c 1640 J. Smyth Lives Berkeleys (1883) H. 226 Great deceit, fallaxity and crafty waies. Fa ll-back, sb. For the stress on this and similar words, cf. Break-down. [f. vbl. phrase fall back : see Fall v. 80 .] a. Something upon which one may fall back; a reserve, b. A falling back, depression. 1851 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XII. 11. 402 It is. .advisable, .to provide a 4 fall-back ’, or adjacent stubble field into which the flock may retire at pleasure. 1853 Kane GrinnellExp. xxi. (1856) 162 He would leave the Mary, .to serve as a fall¬ back in case we should lose our vessels. 1892 Pall Mall G. 26 Feb. 2/1 You will have occasional months of fail-back, but that will in time be made up, and every quarter will show a steady increase. + Fa 1 11-door. Obs. rare. [f. Fall sb. 1 + Doon, after Flemish valdeure .] A trap-door. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 27 And ther stode a faldore by, and we clymened ther up. .and they that laye nexte the fyre cryden that the valdore was open. Fall-down, (I. [f. vbl. phrase fall down : see Fall v. 84 .] That falls down, turned over. 1829 Marryat F. Mildmay xxiii, He appeared in a.. fall- down collar. 1882 Unif Reg. in Navy List July 493/2 Coat. —Blue cloth, double-breasted, fall-down collar. Fallen (f§Tn), ppl. a. For forms see Fall v. 1. That has come down or dropped from a high position. c 1400 Rom. Rose 1214 White as snowe falle newe. 1776 Withering Brit. P/ants IV. 154 Two distinct species grow ..on the fallen branches of trees. 1849 Sk. Nat. Hist., Mammalia IV. 27 Fallen acorns constitute the food of the dormouse. b. Fallen-stars Sc.: (see quot.). 1808 Jamieson, Fallen stars .. Tremella Nostoc , Linn.; a gelatinous plant, found in pastures &c. after rain. Ibid, s.v., Sea Fallen Stars .. an animal thrown on the sea-shore in summer and autumn ; Medusa xquorca , Linn. 2. Of the sun : Having set. rare. 1892 Tennyson Foresters 1. iii, The long bright day is done, And darkness rises from the fallen sun. 3 . Of flesh, etc.: Shrunken, emaciated. Fallen fleece : see quot. 1892 . 1722 De Foe Col. Jack(iS^o) 281 Her fallen flesh plumped up. 1748 Richardson Clarissa VI. xxx. 98 The old lines appearing strong in the. .fallen cheeks. 1892 *Labour Com¬ mission Gloss. No. 8 Fallen Fleeces. Fleece, wool, or mohair, taken from the dead carcases of sheep, &c., and, therefore, diseased. 4. That has been laid low, or brought to the ground. Also absol. of men. lit . and fig. a 1631: Donne Epigr. (1652)93 Falne Okes the Axe doth into 'l imber hew. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 283 The branches of the fallen forest. 1819 Mrs. Hemans A ben- cerrage 56 There bleed the fallen, there contend the brave. a 1835 — Marius 82 Midst fallen palaces she sits alone. 1871 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xvii. 34 The estates of the fallen King [Harold], .were, .forfeited. Ibid. 62 The fallen gonfanon of Harold. 1878 J. P. Hoits Jesus v. 21 His delight was, to lift up the fallen. 5. fig. a. In a moral sense: That has lost purity or innocence ; ruined. A fallen woman : one who has suriendered her chastity, b. With reference to rank, fortune, or dignity: That has come down from high estate. a 1628 F. Greville Poems, Hum. Learning xix, Yea of our falne estate the fatall staine Is such, as [etc.]. 1645 Milton Tetrarch. Wks. 1738 I. 230God. .would, .not [have] sent word by Malachi in a sudden fal’n stile. 1682 Loud. Gaz. No. 1711/4 It was contrived by some Discontented Antimonarcnical Fallen-Angel. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 276 P 1 Your Papers with regard to the fallen Part of the Fair Sex. 175X Jortin Serm. «1771) I. ii. 21 The Messiah was to restore fallen man. 1820 Byron Mar. Falicro 11. i, The once fall’n woman must for ever fall. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 482 The fallen dynasty and the fallen hierarchy were restored. 1875 JowETT/Yrt/o(ed. 2) III. 71 Philosophy, even in her fallen estate, has a dignity of her own. 0. Fallen-off\ (see Fall v. 91 )* 16x1 Shaks. Cymb. in. vii. 6 The Legions now in Gallia, are Full weake to vndertake our Warres against The falne* off Britaines. 1806 Surr Winter hi Lond. (ed. 3) I. 188 He is. .a fallen-off branch from the good old English tree. t FaTlency. Civil Law . Obs. [ad. med.L. fallenlia , i. fallere to deceive : see -ency.] An in¬ stance of the failure of a rule; an exception. 1603 Hayward Ans'w. to Doleman iv. Lij, Alexander and Felinus doe assigne flue fallencies vnto these rules. 1660 Jer. Taylor Duct. Dubit. I. Pref. 9 Socinus sets down 802 fallencies, (that’s the word of the law,) concerning the con- l testation of suits and actions at law. Faller (fp b-O. [f. Fall v. + -er C] 1. One who falls, in various senses of the vb. +Also with adv., as faller off. c 1440 Promp. Pare. 147 Fallare, or he k^t oftyn tyme fallythe, cadax. X577 tr. Bullinger s Decades (1592) 824 He was accounted .. a faller off from y e true Church of God. ai6$i Laud Serm. (1847) 13 Nor are we fallers out of the Church, but they fallers off from verity. 1725 Bradley Fain. Did. s.v. Rules for buying Horses, It’s a true Mark of. .a perpetual Faller. 1890 Pall Mall G. 22 Aug. 1/2 Six riders were brought to grief.. Being experienced fallers, however, nothing more serious than bruises resulted. 2. A feller of timber. Only dial. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk. s.v., The fallers bin on Esridge [Eastridge] coppy agen. 3. The Hen-harrier { Circus cyaneus). 1885 in Swainson Prov. Names Brit. Birds 132. + 4. A part of a mill for scouring clothes, etc.: (see quot.). Obs. 1677 Yarranton Em>. Improv. 107 There are Six or Eight Fallers (or Feet) which are taken and lifted up by the Axle- tree. .and so fall down-right into a Box, or Chest, wherein the Cloth lyeth. 5. The name of various appliances in spinning machines. Also attrib. 1851 L. D. B. Gordon Art Jrnl. Catal. Gt. Exhib. p. vi**/2 As the carriage approaches the roller-beam, the spinner gradually raises the faller-wire. 1879 Cassell's Tcchn. Educ. IV. 396/1 Along the top of the spindles stretch two wires called the ‘ fallers ’. f Fallera. Falconry. Obs. rare ~ l . Also 7-8 in Diets. falT)orn, falera. (See quots.) i486 Bk. St. A Iban's C iij a, When ye se that yowre hawkes clees wax white : then she has the fallera. 1692-X732 Coles, Falorn, fall‘, a disease in hawks known by their white talons. X72X-1800 Bailey, Falera. Fallibility (faelibrliti). [f. next + -ity. Cf. F. faillibilite.\ The state or fact of being fallible ; liability to err or to mislead (in mod. usage limited to the former); an instance of the same. 1634 4 E. Knott’ in Chillingworth's Relig. Prot. iv. § 14 Nothing of the Churches Visibility or Invisibility, Fallibility or Infallibility. 1677 Hale Prim . Orig. Man. 11. i. 131 Those Evidences of Fact, .have or may have their several allays and fallibilities. x725WATTsZ^/Vn.ix. 409 Tho’ there be a great deal of Fallibility in the Testimony of Men. 1775 Harris Philos. Arrangem. Wks. (1841) 353 The fallibility which sometimes attends this method of distinguishing. 1840 Thackeray ParisSk.-bk. (1872) 216 The fallibility of judges and lawyers. 1859 Mill Liberty i. 18 The fallibility of what is called the moral sense. Fallible (fx*lib’l), a. Also 6-7 fallable. [ad. late L .fallibilis, f. fallcre to deceive : see -ble. Cf. F. faillible. The L. word appears in Papias (nth c.) with the active sense ‘deceitful’; in late med.L. it has the passive sense * deceivable ’.] 1. Of persons or their faculties : Liable to be de¬ ceived or mistaken ; liable to err. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Troy I. vi, I suppose her connyng was fallible. 1638 Penit. Con/, vii. (1637) 135 He is fallible, and often erring in judgment. 1699 Burnet 39 Art. xxxiii. (1700) 364 An Authority to which no fallible Body of men can have a Right. 1763 Johnson in Boswell Life (1831) I. 391 A fallible being will fail somewhere. 183s Milman Eat. Chr. (1864) V. ix.ii. 206The papal power, .the representative of fallible man rather than of the infallible God. 1881 \V. Collins Bl. Robe 1. iii. 142 These rebuffs are wholesome reminders of his fallible human nature. 2. Of rules, opinions, arguments, etc.: Liable to be erroneous, unreliable. FALLIBLY. 46 FALLOW. a 1420 Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 2867 This worldes joye is transitorie, And the truste on it slipir and fallible. 1534 Moke in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 117 II. 52 The fallible opinion .. of lightsome chaungeable peple. c 1555 Harpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 164 This argument., is but a fallable argument. 1603 Shaks. Mens, for M. hi. i. 170 Do not satisfie your resolution with hopes that are fallible. 1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. i. 23 The. .fallible discourses of man upon the word of God. 1677 W. Hubbard Narrative 11. 1 Uncertain and fallible Reports. 1736 Butler Anal. 11. viii. 393 The rules .. of preserving health .. are not only fallible and precarious. 1851 Herschel Stud. Nat. Phil. hi. iii. 286 A slow and painful process if rightly gone into, and a very fallible one if only partially executed. t b. Not determinable with certainty. Obs. rare. 1664 Power Exp. Philos, hi. 166 This Angle of Variation being quite fallible, and alwayes variable. + 3 . Fallacious, delusive. Obs. rare. 1559 Morwyng Evonym. 176 Suche waters.. make a fallible image of youth. 4 . quasi-jA One who is fallible, rare. 1705 Hickeringill Priest-cr. Wks. (1716) 79 She [Queen Elizabeth] over-liv’d this infallible fallible [Pope Pius V]. 1846 G. S. Faber Lett. Tractar. Sccess. Popery 164 All these fallibles are added up together in one sum which shall col¬ lectively constitute the Church. Hence Fallibleness =- Fallibility. 1648 Hammond To Ld. Fairfax 19 The weaknesse and falliblenesse of these few principles. 1730-6 in Bailey (folio). Fallibly (fsedibli), adv. [f. as prec. + -L\ r -.] In a fallible manner. 1552 Huloet, Fallably, subdole. 1638 Chillingw. Relig. Prot. 1. ii. § 94. 87 Why does shee imploy particular Doctors to interpret Scriptures fallibly ? Falling (fpliij), vbl. sb. [f. Fall v. + -ing b] The action of the vb. Fall. 1 . In intransitive senses. c 1300 Cursor M. 1854 (Cott.) Abute fiue monetz was )>at it stud Wit-outen falling hat fers fludd. c 1340 Ibid. 411 heading (Fairf.) pe fallinge of lucifer and his felawes. a 1450 Kilt, de la Tour 11 She. .in her fallyng cried helpe on our lady. 1533-4 Act 25 lien. VIIf c. 13 § 13 From the tyme of the falling of theym [lambs] unto the feast of.. Seynt John Baptyste. 1563 Fulke Meteors (1640) 55 b, Sleet .. beginneth to melt in the falling. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Er. Tong , Ravallcment. .a falling in price, as the falling of the market. 1621 Sanderson Sernt. 1 . 214 Vzza had better have ventured the falling, than the fingering of the ark. 1771 Mrs. Griffith tr. Viand’s Ship^vreck 109 The falling of night would otherwise have forced us to lay aside our labour. 1807 T. Thomson Client. (ed. 3) II. 378 The falling of the drops of alcohol from the beak of the receiver. 1839 Longf. Hyperion 1. vii. (1865) 38 The silent falling of snow. 2 In various specific applications, a. The fall¬ ing of the leaf-, autumn, b. Setting (of the sun), c. Pathol, (see quot. 1884). d. In the barometer, etc. e. Mus. Cf. Fall v. 17. a. 1503 Hawes Examp, Virt. i. 5 In Septembre in fall- ynge of the lefe. b. 1555 Eden Decades i Folowinge the fallinge of the sonne. C. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 303 For fallinge of \>e inaris pat is cleped dislocacioun of the maris. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex. y Falling of the womb , a popular term for Prolapsus uteri. d. 1658 Willsford Ifatures Secrets 154 The often rising and falling of the water [in a weather-glass] shews the out¬ ward Air very mutable, .and the weather unconstant. 1688 J. Smith Baroscope 65 Wet and Rainy Weather come pre¬ sently upon the Mercury’s Falling. 1814 W. C. Wells Ess. Dew 9 The falling of the mercury in the barometer. i860 Adm. Fitz-Roy in Merc. Marine Mag. VII. 340 Indi¬ cations of approaching changes .. are shown .. by its [the barometer’s] falling or rising. e. 1609 Douland Ornith. Microl. 1. vi. 17 The falling of a Song. 1674 Simpson in Campion Art of Descant 4 foot-71. y If the Bass do rise more than a fourth, it must be called falling. 1706 A. \j\L\n-ov.v> Temple Mus. ix. 186 A falling .. at the Beginning of a Strain. 3 . In transitive senses. 1580 Lease in Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 237 At every falling he will leave for every acre fallen. .twelve trees. 1699 Luttrell Brief. Ref. (1857) IV. 483 A libell against the last parliament about their falling of guineas. t 4 . A depression in the soil; a hollow, declivity, slope. Obs. 1563 Golding Ceesar 6i b, High rockes and steepe fallings. 1580 Sidney Arcadia 111. (1622^ 250 Amphialus embushedhis footemen in the falling of a hill. 1684 R. II. Sell, Recreat. 83 Observe, .the Risings, Fallings, and Advantages of the Places where you Bowl. 1712 J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 21 Gardens, .having no Risings, nor Fallings. 5 . concr. Something which falls or has fallen, a. A fragment (of a building); a ruin. b. usually in pi. A dropping, a windfall. Also fig. a. 1382 Wyclif Isa. Ixi. j And olde fallingus thei shul rere, and thei shul restore cities forsaken. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 1. 214 A great part of it. .is. .almost couered with the aforesayd fallings. b. 1608 Yorksh. Trag. 1. i, Apples hanging longer, .than when they are ripe, make so many fallings, a 1661 Holy- day Juvenal 180 Virro was capable of such caduca, such fallings .. such windfalls. 1687 Dkyden Hind P. in. 103 Tis the beggar’s gain To glean the fallings of the loaded wain. 1847-78 Halliwell, Fallings^ dropped fruit. South . 6. With adverbs, expressing the action of the vbl. combinations under Fall v. XI. 1440 Promp. Ptirv., Fallynge downe, idem estq nod Fallynge evylle. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Er. Tong, Catarrtie .. the Catarreor fallyng downe of humours. 1607 Shaks. Timoniv. iii. 401 The falling from ofhis Friendes. 1611 13 ible 2 These. ii. 3 That day shall not come, except there come a falling away first. 1659 B. Harris ParivaCs Iron Age 200 They . .observed the falling back of the French. 171a W. Rogers Voy. 315 Numbers, .are lost by the falling in of the Earth. 1748 Richardson Clarissa VII. v. 26 All her falling away, and her fainting fits. 1878 L. P. Meredith Teeth 181 The falling away of the gums after extraction. b. Palling off : the action of the vb. Fall off (Fall v. 91 ); decadence, defection, diminution. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 1. v. 47 Oh Hamlet, what a falling off was there. 1709 Steele & Addison Tatter No. 111 t 4 A Falling off from those Schemes of Thinking. 1802 T. Bkddoes Hygeia vii, Should it he accompanied by falling off in flesh. 1834 Brit. Must. Ill. 60 A falling off of the milk is immediately noticed. 1837 Whittier Barclay of Ury xv, Hard to feel the stranger’s scoff, Hard the old friend’s falling off. 1883 E. Pennell-Elmhirst Cream Lcicestersh. 155 The grey showed no falling off from his previous form. c. Falling out : the action of the vb. Fall out (Fall v. 93 J, disagreement, quarrel; also + ending. 1568 Grafton C/iron. II. 97 This fallyng out of king John with. .Geoffrey Archebishop of Yorke. 1586 W. Webbe Eng. Poetrie (Arb.) 56 The falling out of verses together in one like sounde, is commonly called .. Ryme. 1667 Pepys Diary (1877) V. 194, I have heard of a falling out between my Lord Arlington, .and W. Coventry. 1741 Richardson Pamela III. 337 We had a sad Falling-out t’other Day. 1847 Tennyson Princess 1. 251 Blessings on the falling out That all the more endears. Falling (fg'liij), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing -.] 1. That falls, in various senses of the vb. a 1300 Cursor M. 27581 (Cott.)pe standand fail, ]?efalland rise. x6n Bible Isa. xxxiv. 4 All their hoste shall fall downe. .as a falling figge from the figge tree. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII , in. ii. 333 Presse not a falling man too farre. 1661 J. Childrey Brit. Bacon. 170 The high Hils .. break of the storms and falling Snow. 1695 Congreve Love for L. Prol., One falling Adam, and one tempted Eve. 111711 Ken Hymns Evang. Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 86 Dark Prophecies predict our falling State. 1717 Lady M. W. Montague Lett. (1763) II. xxix. 29 My Caftan .. is a robe ..with very long strait falling sleeves. 1762 Falconer Shipwr. 1. 490 The vessel parted on the falling tide. 1781 Gibbon Decl. <$• F. III. 148 The weakness of the falling empire. 1833 Ht. Martineau Vanderput ty S. vi. 99 Hein’s frowning brow and falling countenance. 1843 Lytton Last Bar. 1. iv.28The long throat and falling shoulders. 1848 Mill Pol. Econ. iii. xxiv. § 3 The speculative holders are unwill¬ ing to sell in a falling market. 1858 in Merc. Marine Mag. V. 12 Kate Hooper. .had strong, .winds, .with falling baro¬ meter. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 852/2 The Peabody gun. .has a falling breech-block. 2. Prosody. Of a foot, rhythm, etc. : Decreasing in stress, having the ictus at the beginning. 1844 Beck & Felton tr. Munk’s Metres 8 A rhythm which begins with the arsis, and descends to the thesis, is called falling or sinking. 3. Astrol. Falling houses (see Cadent a. 2 ). 1594 Blundevil Exerc. iv. xxxvi. (ed. 7) 493 Those that go next before any of the foure principal Angles, are called falling houses. 4. Falling-in : that slopes inwards from below. 1887 Set. Amer. 2 July 11/2 Yachts with the falling-in top- sides of a man of war. 5. Syntactical Combinations, a. Falling-\disease, \-evil (see Evil 7 b), +-///, - sickness (now rare) = Epilepsy. Also humorously for ‘ a fall \ and Jig. The Eng. expressions are after L. morbus caducus ; cf. Ger. fallende sucht. a 1225 Auer. R. 176 Fallinde vuel ich cleopie licomes sic- nesse. 1527 Andrew Brunswyke’s Distyll. Waters C v, An ounce is good for them that haue the fallynge sekenesse. 1607 Topsell Four-f Beasts (1673) 171 The gall of a Ferret is commended against the Falling disease. 1652 Woman’s Universe in Watson Collect. Scots Poems in. (1711) 101 Hippocrates. .Could never cure her Falling-ill, Which takes her when she pleases. X706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), E'alling Evil , a Disease which sometimes happens to Horses, being no other than the Falling-sickness. 1843 Sir T. Watson Led. Physic{iZ'j\) I. 630 Its [epilepsy’s] common designation is the falling sickness \ or, more vaguely, fits. b. in various other Combs., as falling-band = Fall sbA 23 a; + falling-door = folding-door ; + falling-gate = falling-sluice ; f falling-hinge, one by which a door, etc. rises vertically when opened; falling-mould, Arch . (see quot.); fall¬ ing-sluice (see quot.). 1598 * Falling-band [see Fallj#. 1 23 a]. 1637 Earl of Cork Diary in Sir R. Boyle Diary Ser. 1. (1886) V. 39 Sent me this daie. .6 laced flailing bands and vi pair of cufles sutable. 1753 Hanway Trav . I. 11. xxxiv. 231 The Divan, or open hall, is in the centre, and shuts in with Mailing-doors. 1801 Hull Navig. Act 2559 Two clear openings, .in which shall be placed Mailing gates. 1783 Trans. Soc. Arts I. 320 A Mailing hinge. 1876 Gwilt Archil. Gloss., * Falling Moulds> the two moulds applied to the vertical sides of the railpiece, one to the convex, the other to the concave side, in order to form the back and under surface of the rail and finish the squaring. 1846 Buchanan Technol. Did., * Falling-sluice , a. .flood-gate, in connection with mill-dams .. self-acting or contrived to fall down of itself in the event of a flood. Falling-star (fq'liijisuu). [f. Falling ppl. a. + Star.] A meteor; a shooting star. 1563 Fulke Meteors (1640) 8 b, Thus much for the shoot¬ ing or falling starres. 1690 T. Burnet Th. Earth iii. 98 The last sign we shall take notice of is that of Falling Stars. >759 Miller in Phil. Trans. LI. 258 This meteor, .moved with less rapidity than falling-stars commonly do. 1836 Macgillivray Humboldt's Trav. x. 127 He found falling stars more frequent in the equinoctial regions. Fallocque, obs. f. of Felucca. Fallopian (falJu'pian),a. Anat. [f- Fallopi-us (latinized name of an Italian anatomist 1523 - 1562 ) -f -an.] Used in the names of certain anatomical structures reputed to have been discovered by Fal¬ lopius, as in Fallopian aqueduct, arch , canals liga¬ ment , tube : see quots. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Fallopian Tubes. 1754-64 Smellie Midwif. I. 113 The Fimbria of the Fallopian tube. 1831 R. Knox Cloquet's Anat. 55 There is a hole .. which terminates the Fallopian aqueduct, and transmits the facial nerve from the interior of the cranium, i860 Mayne Expos. Lex ., Fallopian tubes , two canals inclosed in the peritoneum ..communicating from the sides of the Fundus Uteri to the ovaries. 1877 Burnett Ear 88 The fallopian canal, appears at first as a simple broad groove in the tympanum. 1884 Syd. Soc . Lcx n Fallopian arch % a name for Poupart’s ligament. Fallow (fseDu), sb. Forms: 3-4 falwe, 5 falghe, (valwe), 5-6 falow(e, 6-7 fallowe, 6- fallow. See also FauchjA [The relation between this and the cognate Fallow a.' 1 and v. is not quite clear. The OE .fudging, glossed novalia (‘fallows’) and occas (‘ harrows *) in Corpus Glossary, seems to imply a vb. *fealgian ( — Fallow v.), f. *fcalh , re¬ corded in pi. fealga harrows, implements for break¬ ing clods {occas Fpinal Gl.). The sb. and adj., which have not been found in OE., were either f. fealh or f. the vb. Cf. OHG .felga harrow, mod.Ger. (Sanders) and East Fris. falge fallow (sb.), falgen to break up ground, plough. As Fallow a A was used to denote the colour of exposed soil, it is probable that some confusion may have arisen at an early date between the two words.] J* 1 . A piece of ploughed land; also colled. ploughed land in general, arable land. Obs. c 1300 Havelok 2509 Thei .. drowen him unto the galwes, Nouth hi the gate, but ouer the falwes. c X386 Chaucer JVrfe’s Prol. 656 Who .. pricketh his blind hors over the falwes. c X440 Promp. Parv. 148 Falow, lond tryd, novale, c 1450 Lat. Eng. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 618 Varratum , /. novalc , valwe. 1483 Cath. Angl. 121 Falghe (Falowe A.), terrasacionalis. a 1535 Fisher Wks. (1876) I. 365 He must treade vppon the fallowes. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V , v. ii. 54 All our Vineyards, Fallowes, Meades, and Hedges .. grow to wildnesse. 1713 Rowe Jane Shore 11. i, Around it Fallows, Meads, and Pastures fair. 2 . Ground that is well ploughed and harrowed, but left uncropped for a whole year or more ; called also Summer fallow , as that season is chosen for the sake of killing the weeds. Green , cropped } or bastard fallow: one from which a green crop is taken. 1523 Fitzherb. Hush. § 13 Euery good housbande hath his barleye falowe .. lyenge rygged all the .. wynter. 1552 Huloet, Fallowe or tylthe of land, called the somer fallowe or tylth, veruaction. £1611 Chapman Iliad xm. 628 So close to earth they plow The fallow with their horns. 1707 Mortimer Husb. ii. 38 The best Ploughs to plow up Lays or Summer Fallows with. 1784 Cowper Task iv. 315 ,1 saw far off the weedy fallows smile With verdure not unprofitable. 1805 R. W. Dickson Prod. Agric. I. x. 369 Green fallows or what are termed fallow crops such as beans, peas, cabbages [etc.]. 1810 Scott Lady of L. 1. xxxi, The lark’s shrill fife may come At the daybreak from the fallow. 1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Client. (1814) 353 A summer fallow, or a clean fallow, may be sometimes necessary in lands over¬ grown with weeds. 1889 Wrightson Fallow <$• Fodder Crops 5 The superiority of cropped over naked fallows. 3 . The state of being fallow ; an interval during which land is allowed to lie fallow. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 17 So shal he mucke all his landes ouer at euerye seconde falowe. I bid. § 34 That is vsed, where they make falowe in a fyelde euery fourthe yere. X797 Billingsley Agric. Somerset 177 Ten or twelve suc¬ cessive crops of wheat, without an intervening fallow. 1858 J. B. Norton Topics 211 To withhold the land from cultiva¬ tion. .with the view of making it, by a fallow, doubly profit¬ able the next year. 1866 Geo. Eliot E. Holt 5 They resisted the rotation of crops and stood by their fallows. fig . 1772 Burke Corr. (1844) I. 356 Your fallow adds to your fertility. 1796 — Regie. Peace i. Wks. VIII. 140 Unless the fallow of a peace comes to recruit her [France’s] fertility. 4 . attrib . Of or pertaining to a fallow; esp. grown on a fallow, as in falloiv-crop, -hay ; and in local names for the Wheatear (Saxicola ananthe ), as fillow-chaty finch , - lunch , -smich, - smiler , from its frequenting fallows. Also fallow-break : sec Break sb. 12 ; fallow-field.; see quot. 1851. 1678 Ray Willughby's Ornith. 233 The Fallow-Smich, in Sussex the Wheat-ear. 1706 PniLLiPs(ed. Kersey), Oenanthe , the Wheat-ear.. In Warwickshire it is call’d a Fallow- smiter. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Supp. % Fallow-finch. 1787 Winter Syst. Husb. 153 Beans area good fallow crop. 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 182 Nor wilt thou fallow-clods dis¬ dain. 1834 D. Low Prad. Agric. v. 161 The culture of fallow-crops. 1843 Yarkell Brit. Birds I. 254 The Wheat- ear or Fallowchat. 1851 Glouccstersh. Gloss ., Eallow- field\ a common. 1885 Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) I. 338 A large portion of the fallow-break can thus be dressed with home¬ made manure. 1885 Swainson Prov. Names Brit. Birds (E. D. S.) 9 Wheatear .. Fallow-finch ; Fallow-smich ; or Fallow-lunch. Fallow (farkw), a. 1 Forms: i falu, fealo, -u, 3 falau, (3-4 inflected falowe), 4fale, -u, -we, 4-6 falow(e, 6 fallo, 6- fallow. See also Fauch a. [OE. falu, fealo, fealu, pi. fealwe — OS. falu, (MDu. vale, mod. vaal ), OHG. falo (mod. Ger. fahl, fall), ON. fidr, pi. fglvar :-OTeut. *falwo-, prob. cognate with Gr. irohtus grey, L. pallcre to be pale.] 1 . Of a pale brownish or reddish yellow colour, as FALLOW FALSE. withered grass or leaves. Obs. exc. of the coat of an animal; now chiefly in Fallow-deer. .. Bcoiuulf 865 (Or.) Fealwe mearas. a 1000 Riddles xv i. 1 (Gr.) Hals is min hwit and heafod fealo. c 1205 Lay. 18449 l’cndragun and his cnihtes. .silken 3eond J>an feldes falewe lockcs. Ibid. 27468 Blod ut }eoten, ueldes falewe wurSen. a 1300 Cursor M. 1263 (Cott.) pe falau slogh sal be [>i gate. *•1325 Coer dc L. 461 On in atyr blak Com prickande ovyr the falewe fcld. £1386 Chaucer Knt.’s T. 506 His hewc falow [Corpus falwe] and pale as Asshen colde. 1494 Fabyan C/irou. vii. 667 Many adere both rede and falowe to be slayne before them. 1547 Boorde Brev. Health lxxiii. 25 An urine that is falowe lyke the heare of a falowe beast. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. 1. i. 91 How do’s your fallow Greyhound, Sir. 1667 Land. Gaz. No. 185/4 A Fallow Dog. .lost about a Fort¬ night since. 1727 Bradley Font. Diet. s.v. Hart , The Coats and Colours of this noble Beast. .are usually of three several sorts, viz. Brown, Red, and Fallow. 1759 tr. Adansons Voy . Senegal 24 His belly was of a pale blue, and his back fallow. 1865 Athenaeum No. 1954. 484/1 The horn of a fallow-ox. 2. absol. (quasi-^.), as the name of a colour. 1741 Com pi. Fam . Piece ir. i. 280 Those that are of a lively red Fallow have a black List clown, .their Backs. 3 . Comb., as fallow-coloured. 1688 Loud. Gaz. No. 2347/4 Lost or stolen ..a fallow coloured Bitch. 1825 Hone Every-day Bk . I. 983 The fallow-coloured dog was taken away. Fallow (fre*l0'i), a.' 2 . Forms: 5-6 falow(e, 6 fallowe, 6- fallow. [See Fallow j/;.] Of land : frequent in phrases, To lie, to lay fallow. a. That is uncropped for the current year. b. Uncultivated. +c. Fit for tillage ; ploughed ready for sowing (obsl). d. transf. and fig. a. ? c 1475 Hunt. Hare 12 He fond a hare full fayr syttancl Apon a falow lond. 1523 Fitziierb. Hush. § 18 He that hath a falowe felcle. 1611 Cotgr., Nouvellis , fallowes; ground that lies fallow euerie other yeare. a 1689 Navarette China in Churchills Coll. Voy. (1732) I. 52 The land in China never lies fallow. 1846 McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) 1 - 473 There appears to have been little or no fallow land. 1875 Lyell Princ. Geol. II. m. xlii. 457 We are .. compelled to let it lie fallow the next [year]. b. c 1460 Toiuncley Myst. 98 The tylthe of oure landes lyys falow as the floore. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V, v. ii. 44 Her fallow Leas..The Darnell, Hemlock, and ranke Femetary, Doth root vpon. 1611 Bible Jer. iv. 3 Breake vp your fallow ground, and sow not among thornes. 1716 Addison Freeholder No. 40 p 4 The soil must lie fallow. 1797 Mad. D’Arblay Lett. Dec., He is like a fallow field, .one that has been left quite to itself. 1870 Bryant Iliad II. xvm. 226 A broad fallow field Of soft rich mould. C. 1530 Palsgr. 218/2 Faloweland, terre labonrable. 1580 Baket Alv. F 103 The Fallowe field, or that is tilled redy to be sowen. a 1627 Hayward Edw. VI (1630) 32 The ridges of the fallow field lay traverse. d. 1642 Fuller Holy 8,- Prof. St. 111. xiii. 183 The head . .hath lain fallow all night. 1673 Ess. Educ . Gentlewom. 33, I suppose you do not intend to lay Fallow all Children that will not bring forth Fruit of themselves. 1752 Foote Taste 1. Wks. 1799 I. 11 Then I lay fallow—but the year after I had twins. 1827 Hare Guesses Ser. 11. (1873) 459 Fields of thought seem to need lying fallow. 1842 Tenny¬ son Audley Court 77 The fallow leisure of my life. 1850 Kingsley Alt . Locke xxxvii, My heart lay fallow for every seed that fell. t FaTlow, V . 1 Obs. Forms: 1 fealuwian, fealewian, fealwian, 3-4 falewe(n, 3 falewi, falwy, falowen, {south, dial. 3 vale wen, valu- wen, 4 valouwe), 4-5 falwe, 4-6 falow. [OE. fealuwian, fealewian, fealwian, f. fealo, fealu Fallow a. 1 Cf. OIIG .falewen.'] a. To become pale or yellow; hence, to fade, wither, b. Of the face, etc. : To blanch, grow pale. a. a 1000 Salomon <$- Sat. 313 (Gr.) Lytle hwile leaf beoe popes lettres. 1563 Jewel Re pi. Harding (i6ir) r76 The Bishop of Rome..was..found an open Falsarie, for. .the Canons of his making disagreed from the very Originals. 1612 T. James Corrupt. Script, iv. 29 A falsarie is hee that in writing addelh, or detracteth, oraltereth any thing fraud¬ ulently. a 1734 North Exam. Pref. (1740) p. xiv, A Writer of his own Time cannot avoid being partial, that is, a wilful Falsary. 1828 C. Wordsworth Charles /213 Gauden. .an habitual impostor and falsary. b. One who forges a document; a forger. *579 Fclke Heskins* Pari. 79 He that did forge this Epistle, .was. an impudent falsarie. 1390 Davidson Repl. Bancroft in IVodr. Soc. Misc. (1844) I. 507 If this be not to play the falsarie forger, .let the chaplain himself he judge. 1678 Acts of Sederunt 31 July They will proceed against and punish these persons as falsaries and forgers of writes. 1697 Bentley Ep. Socrates (1836) II. 189 The ground for our falsary to forge this Kpistle. 2 . A false or deceitful person. 1373 G. Harvey Letier-bk. (Camden) 141 O that there were a wyndowe in to y" breastes of such falsaryes. ,652 Gai lk Magastrom. 331 A falsary, and an intruder into his secrets. False (ipls, fpls,), a., atlv., and sb. Forms: 1-7 fals, (3 ()>■»/. falls, 4 falsso, 3-4 vals(e), 4-7 falce, (5 fauce, 6 falls, faulse, fawso , 8-9 Sc. fause, 7, 9 dial, fause, -sse, 3- false, [late OE .fals adj. and sb., ad. L. fals-us false (neut. fals-um, used subst. in sense fraud, falsehood), orig. pa. pple. of fallcre to deceive; cf. ON. fals sb. The adj. is found in OF., only in one doubtful instance (see sense 13) ; its frequent use begins in the 12th c., and was prob. due to a fresh adoption through the OY. fals, faus (xacA.Y. faux-Vx.fals, Sp., Pg., It. fa Iso). The continental Tent, langs. adopted the word in an altered form: MUG. valsch, mod.G. falsch (cf. OHG. gifalscSn to falsify), OYns.falsch, Du. valsch, late Icel. (15th c.) falskr, Da., Sw .falsk. The etymological sense of L. falsus is ‘deceived, mistaken' (of persons), ‘ erroneous* (of opinions, etc.). The transition to the active sense ‘ deceitful ’ is shown in phrases like falsa fides ‘ breach of trust, faithlessnesswhere the sb. has a subjective and an objective sense. In mod. Eng. the sense ‘ mendacious ’ is so prominent that the word must often be avoided as discourteous in contexts where the etymological equivalent in other Teut. langs. or in Romanic would be quite unobjectionable. Some of the uses are adopted from Fr., and represent senses that never became English.] I. Erroneous, wrong. 1 . Of opinions, propositions, doctrines, represen¬ tations : Contrary to what is true, erroneous. c 1200 Ormin 10024 To trowwenn wrang o Godd [>urrh pevjre fallse lare. a 1225 Juliana 65 Forlore beo pu reue wio false bileaue. c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Whs. III. 250 Falce undirstondinge of pe lawe of Crist, c 1384 Chaucer H. Fame 111. 982 Were the tydynge sothe or fals. c 1400 Lan- franc's Cirurg. 267 Summen seien pat a womman mai be cured for to kutte off al pe brest & pat is al fals. 1483 Caxton G. dc la Tour E vb, Of whiche two sonnes cam first the paynyms and the fals lawe. 1551 T. Wilson Logike (1580) 3 To knitte true argumentes, and unknitte false, rt 1568 Ascham Scholcm. 1. (Arb.) 81 Corrupt maners in liuinge, breede false iudgement in doctrine. 1592 Davies Immort. Soul xxxii. Iv. (1714) 125 How can that be false, which every Tongue, .affirms for true? 1631-2 High Com- 7 tiission Cases (Camden) 228 This man is to be for his false doctrines, .sharply censured. 1652 Culpepper Eng. Physic. 107 [He] affirms that eating nuts causeth shortness of breath, than which nothing is falser. 1670 Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Se7>. Late Voy. 1. (1711) 83 The Draughts are false., for they do not make any mention of the several Islands. 1695 Dryden tr. Dufresyioy s Art Painting Pref. p. xxvi, The Persons, and Action of a Farce are all unnatural, and the Manners False. 1725 Watts Logic 1. iii. § 4. 66 When I see a strait staff appear crooked while it is half under the Water, I say, the Water gives me a false Idea of it. a 1797 Mason Hymn Wks. 1811 I. 467 Impious men, despise the sage decree, From vain deceit, and false philosophy. 1831 Brewster Newton (1855) II. xxiv. 358 False systems of re¬ ligion have .. been deduced from the sacred record. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 279 It may perhaps correct some false notions. ' b. Law. of a judgement or verdict. 1634 Sanderson Semi. II. 293 In the courts of law. .false verdicts, false judgments. 1768 Blackstone Comm. III. 34 A writ also of false judgment lies to the courts at West¬ minster to rehear and review the cause. Ibid. 402 A jury of twelve men gave a false verdict. c. Arith. False position : the rule also called simply Position, q.v. 2 . Not according to correct rule or principle ; wrong, a. Gram. Now somewhat arch. exc. in False concord, a breach of any of the rules for the ‘ agreement ’ of words in a sentence ; False quan¬ tity, an incorrect use of a long for a short vowel or syllable, or vice versd. i55t T. Wilson Logike (1580) 3 A Grammarian is better liked, that speaketh true & good Latine, than he y' speaketh false. 1580 Barf.t Alv. F no False verses, enr- viina vitiosa. 1588 Marprel. Epist. (Arb.) 38, I write false Englishe in this sentence. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 450 In the Peoples Construing Booke, the Acts of those above them have alwayes some false Latine in them. 1709-10 Gibson in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden! 237 To .. correct the false spellings, &c. 171* Addison Sped. No. 59 P 3 This Poet avoiding .. a false Quantity. 1837 Lockhart Scott lx, A false quantity which his [Scott'sjgenerosity may almost be said to have made classical. 1872 F. Hall ( title ) Recent Exemplifications of False Philology. b. Music. Of a note: Not in tune, wrong in pitch. Also, False cadence (see quot. 18S8). False fourth, fifth,tic .: a fourth, fifth, etc., when not per¬ fect. False intonation : (a) the production of an unnatural or improper quality oftone; (b) singing or playing out of tune. False relation : the separation of a chromatic semitone between two parts. Also, see quot. 1869. False string : a badly woven string, which produces an uncertain and untrue tone. 1592 Davies Immort. Soul xxxii. xv!. (1714) 115 If false Accords from her false Strings be sent. 1597 Morlf.y Introd. Mils. 72 Shew me..which he the true notes, and which false. 1626 Bacon Sylva §171 A Lute-String, if it be.. Unequall in his Parts, .we call False. 1674 Playkord Skill FALSE. 48 FALSE. Mus. hi. 35 The fifth yields a false fourth, and the sixth a false fifth. 1817 Byron Beppo xxxii, Some false note’s de- tected flaw. 1830 Tennyson Poems 102 If ye sing not, if ye make false measure, We shall lose eternal pleasure. 1869 Ouseley Counterp. ii. 9 By a false relation is meant the simultaneous, or immediately successive, sounding of a note of the same name, but accidentally altered pitch. 1888 Stainer & Barrett Diet. Mus. Terms 66 When the last chord of the phrase is other than the tonic chord and is preceded by that of the dominant, the cadence is said to be interrupted, false or deceptive. Ibid. 164 False or feigned music was that in which notes were altered by the use of accidentals. c. Drawing. 1715 J. Richardson Painting 134 If the Perspective is not just the Drawing of that Composition is false. d. Law. False imprisonment : the trespass com¬ mitted against a person by imprisoning him contrary to law. 1386 Rolls Parlt. 111 .225/1 Theforsaid Nichol 1 . .destruyed the kyngestrewelyges. .bifalse emprisonement. 1768 Black- stone Comm. III. viii. 127. 1891 La7t> Times' Rep. LXIII. 690/2 An action to recover damages for false imprisonment. e. Her. (See quots.). 1730-6 Bailey (folio), False Arms [in Heraldry] are those wherein the fundamental rules of the art are not observed. 1864 Boutell Heraldry Hist. $ Pop. xii. 81 An Orle is blazoned as a ‘false escutcheon’, by the early Heralds. 1889 Elvin Diet. Her., An Annulet [is blazoned] as a False Roundel. A Cross voided, as a False Cross. f. Of a horse: (see quot.). False gallop : see Gallop. 1833 Regul. Instr. Cavalry 1. 56 In cantering to the right, a horse leading with the two near legs is ‘ false 1884 E. L. Anderson Mod. Horsemanship vi. 27 If it [the horse] turn to the right when the left legs are taking the advanced steps, it is false in its gallop. g. Of a card : (see quot.). 1879 ‘ Cavendish ’ Card Ess. 163 A card [played) contrary to rule in order to take in the adversary.. is technically called a false card. 3. Of a balance, measure : Not truly adjusted, incorrect. Also, Of play : Unfair. Of dice: Loaded so as to fall unfairly. + False point : a stroke of deceit; a trick. c 1340 Cursor M. 27274 (Fairf.) Fals we3t & mette againe j?e lagh in lande is sette. c. 1480 J. Watton Spec. CJir. 30 b, Usyng of fals weghts or mesuring. a 1529 Skelton Dyuers Balettys Wks. 1843 I. 26 Ware yet..of Fortunes double cast, For one fals poynt she is wont to kepe in store. 1551 T. Wilson Logike{ 1580) 3 Those which plaie with false Dice, & would make other beleve y fc thei are true. 1611 Bible Pnm. xx. 23 A false ballance is not good, a 1631 Donne Poems ( 1633)62 Men ..Who know false play, rather then lose, deceive. 1634 Sanderson Serm. II. 293 False weights, false measures, false thumbs .. in the markets and shops. 1781 Cowper Convers. 22 If it weigh the importance of a fly, The scales are false. 1812 Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 91 Causing two grooms to lose 15/. by false play. 1818 Byron Ch. Har. iv. xciii, All things weigh’d in custom’s falsest scale. 4. Of shame, pride: Arising from mistaken no¬ tions. 1791 Mrs. Radclifff. Rom. Forest i, A false pride had still operated against his interest. 1802 Mar. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. viii. 61 True and false shame. 5. False position (F. fanssc position) : a posi¬ tion which compels a person to act or appear in a manner inconsistent with his real character or aims. 1830 Q. Rev. Jan. 120 It [taking tithes in kind] places them Ithe clergy] in what the politicians call 4 a false posi¬ tion with respect to the community at large. 6 . (To make') a false step ( = Fr. faux pas) : a misplaced step, a stumble; hence fig. an unwise or improper action ; formerly spec, a woman’s lapse from virtue. False start : a wrong start in a race; often transfi and fig. 1700 S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Did. 207, I. .unfortunately made a false step, and tumbled down again into the Boat. 1709 Pope Ess. Crit. 602 False steps but help them to renew the race. 1756 Nugent Gr. Tour I. 114 Such young women as have made a false step. 1823 F. Clissold Ascent Mont Blanc 20 A false step might have swept us below into an immense crevasse. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 231 If he has taken a false step he must be able to retrieve himself. 7. Defective, not firm or solid. a. Farriery. False quarter [ = Fr .faux quartier ] : (see quots.). 1523 Skelton Garl. Laurel 504 Some lokyd full smothely and had a fals quarter. 1614 Markham Cheap Hush. 1. lv. (1668) 64 Infirmities of hoofs, as false quarters, loose hoofs. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), False Quarter is a Rift, .seem¬ ing like a piece put in, and not all entire. 1879 J. Law Farmers Vet. Adviser 379 False quarter..is similar to a sand-crack in appearance but caused by. .destruction of the secreting structure at the top of the hoof. b. Arch. 1728 R. Morris Ess. Anc. Archii. 87 What a false Bear¬ ing, or rather what Bearing at all has it? 1876 Gwilt Archit. Gloss, s. v., Bearing wall or Partition . .when [the partition is] built in a transverse direction, or unsupported through¬ out its whole length, it is said to have a false bearing, or as many false bearings as there are intervals below the wall or partition. II. Mendacious, deceitful, treacherous. In senses 8-10 the phr .false as hell was formerly common. 8 . Of a statement: Purposely untrue; menda¬ cious. Frequently in To bear (f speak) false wit¬ ness : to testify falsely. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 13 Ne spec Jm a}ein June nexta nane false witnesse. c 1290 Y. Eng. Leg. I. 40/223 Betere is trewe dede [>ane fals word, a 1300 Cursor M. 26234 (Cott.) Fals wijtnes and trouth breking. 1:1340 Ibid. 4635 (Trin.) He was prisounde wi]> fals reede. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus 1. 593, I have, .for trew or fals report, .ilovede the al my lyve. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. ii. 80 To bakbite, and to bosten, and bere fals witnesse. a 1553 Udall Royster 1 ). v. i, See that no false surmises thou me tell. 1611 Bible 2 Kings ix. 12 And they said, It is false, c 1630 Jackson Signs Time Wks. (1673) II. vi. 380 False-witness-bearing, and Coveting their Neighbours Goods, are far more rife amongst us than they were. 1639 Fuller Holy War iv. vi. (1647) 177 Afterwards this report was controlled to be false. 1678 Earl of Arran in Lauderdale Papers { 1885) III. lxv. 100 He found all to be false as hell. 1813 Ld. Ellenborough in Ho. Lords 22 Mar., The accusation is as false as hell in every part! 1818 Scott Hrt. Midi, xxiii, She came to bear false witness in her sister’s cause. >833 Cruse Eusebius I. vii. 32 Neither of the gospels has made a false statement. 9 . Of a person or his speech : Uttering or express¬ ing what is untrue ; mendacious. (In false prophet the sense varies between this and 13 b). a 1225 After. R. 68 pat pe witnesse ne preoue heom ualse. c 1325 Metr. Horn. 99 Thai..said that Crist was fals pro- phete. 1340 Ham pole Pr. Consc. 3366 Sacrilege, and fals wittenessyng. c 1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 284 Falce gloseris maken goddislawe derk. 1382 — Mark xiii. 22 Fals Cristis and fals prophetis schulen ryse vp. 1545 Joye Exp. Dan. iii. 32 Dauid .. abhorreth soche false accusers. 1560 Bible (Genev.) Mai. iii. 5, I will be a swift witnes agaynst false swearers. x6xi Shaks. Wint. T. iii. ii. 32 Innocence shall make False Accusation blush. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. II. v. § 5 There may be false Prophets as well as true. 1687 Congreve Old Bach. iv. iii, My face is a false witness, and ! deserves to be pilloried. 1822-56 De Quincey Confess. Wks. 1890 III. 395 O just and righteous Opium ! that to the chancery of dreams summonest, for the triumphs of despairing innocence, false witnesses. 10 . Of persons, their attributes or actions: De¬ ceitful, treacherous, faithless. Formerly often pleonastically, expressing detestation, with sbs. like traitor , treason (now only arch.). Const, t °f> l°y t unto. c 1205 Lay. 31422 pa rad forS a pan felde falsest alre kinge. a 1225 Ancr. R. 128 Ase vox is best falsest. C1230 Hali Meid. 15 pah pi fleschliche wil fals beo. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 385 pys false byssop Ode. a 1300 Cursor M. 11530 (Cott.) He was traitur, fals in fai. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxvi. 565 Now are deed the sones of foulques of moryllon by theyr false wyt. a 1533 Ld. Berners Hnon lxxxvii. 275 This Angelars was false and a traytoure. 1559 Mirr. Mag ., Dk. Suffolk xix, My dedes.. Wer shortly after treasons false estemed. 1590 Marlowe Edw. II, 11. iii, Never was Plantagenet False of his word. 1591 Shaks. Two Gent. iv. iv. 141 Though his false finger haue prophan’d the Ring. 1663-72 Wood Life{Oxi. Hist. Soc.) I. 471 False to his trust. 1676 South Serm. Worldly Wisdom (1737) I. ix. 349 False as hell, and cruel as the grave. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 105 P3 She had been false to his Bed. 1742 Pope Dune. iv. 93 They..false to Phoebus, bow the knee to Baal. 1794 Song 4 Stay, my Willie ’ in Burns' Wks. (1857) tV. 117 When this heart proves fause to thee. 1815 Scott Guy M. i, 4 Get up, ye fause loon.’ 1855 Macau¬ lay Hist. Eng. IV. 231 He might be false to his country, but not to his flag. 1865 Dickens Mat. Fr. 1. ii, I banish the false wretch. + b. transf. Of ground, a foundation, etc.: Treacherous, insecure. Obs. 1590 Spenser F.Q. i. xi. 54 An huge rocky clifft, Whose false foundacion waves have wash’t away. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. iii. 147 Graze not too near the Banks, my jolly Sheep, The Ground is false. 1692 R. L’Estrange Fables liv. 55 The Heart of Man is like a Bog, it looks Fair to the Eye, but when we come to lay any Weight upon’t, the Ground is False under us. + 11 . False trust : breach of trust [ — L. falsa fides , where falsa is merely pple.]. Obs. rare. 1649 i^ p - Hall Cases Consc. 1. vii. 71 The..goods mis¬ carried, either by robbery or false trust. 12 . Of things, indications, appearances: Falla¬ cious, deceptive. Of a medium of vision : That distorts the object looked at; so in f false glass , mirror , spectacles. False colour (fig.) : cf. Colour sb. 2d, 12, 13. 1531 [see Colour sb. 2d]. 1580 Baret Alv. F tit A false glasse, speculum mendax. 1605 Bp. Hall Medit. Voivs II. § 79 When they wil needs have a sight of their own actions, it showes them a false glasse to looke in. 1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. 11. 146 The Devill makes us false spectacles. 1658 Womock Exam. Tilenus A, You seem to magnifie the riches of the divine Grace: but when we come strictly to examine it, 'tis by a false glass. 1734 Pope Ess. Man iv. 392 Wit’s false mirror held up Nature’s light; I Shew’d erring Pride. 1768 Black stone Comm. III. 391 The true import of the evidence is duly weighed, false colours are taken off. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 173 Looking on all that passed at home, .through a false medium. 1855 Bain Senses <5- Int. 11. iii. § 7 So false is the appetite for sleep, that [etc.]. f b. False door, postern (= F. fans sc porte) : a secret door or postern. Obs. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon viii. 100 Yf ye doo assaille the castell, they shall yssue oute at the fauce posternes. 1552 Huloet, Ffalse posterne or backe dore. 1627 R. Ash¬ ley Almansor 44 King Almansor entered sometimes into this Hospitall by a false doore. 1768 J. Byron Narr. Pata¬ gonia (ed. 2) 237 They have a false door to the alcove. III. Spurious, not genuine. 13 . Counterfeit, simulated, sham. a. Of things, esp. of metal, money, jewels : Counterfeit, spurious. Of a document: Forged. ciooo Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 183 Paracaraximus , fals pening [Possibly a compound of the sb., like ON. fals - peningr\. <11225 Ancr. R. 182 False gold vorwur 5 e 5 [>erinne [furej a 1300 Cursor M. 28395 (Cott.) A-mang myn o)>er wark vn-lele haf i oft forged fals sele. 1340 Ayenb. 26 Of guod metal hy makejr uales moneye. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 293 pou schalt. .do awei al medicyns [>at ben false. 1558 W. Towrson in Hakluyt Voy . (1589) 121 The suspition which we gathered of their false charter parties. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 121 The wreits .. can not prove against him, because they are fals. 1649 Bp. Hall Cases Consc. 1. vii. 64 Criples that pretend false soares. 1730-6 Bailey ( folio). False Diamond , one that is counterfeited with glass. 1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. III. iv. iii. § 12 note, An artificial rose is not a ‘ false ’ rose, it is not a rose at all. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk. 288 False Papers frequently carried by slavers and smugglers. 1885 Catholic Diet, s.v., False decretals, the collection ostensibly made by Isidorus Mer¬ cator, in the middle of the ninth century. b. Prefixed to personal designations : Pretended, that is not really such ; esp. in false god , prophet. a 1x75 Cott. Horn. 237 purh false godes [>e aelc piode ham selfe macede. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 83 pese ben false cristene. c 1250 Meid. Maregretc iii, He levede on pe false godes. 1382 Wyclif Baruch\ i. 58 It is beter a kyng for to be schewynge .. a profitable vesselle .. than fals goddis [1560 Bible (Genev.) ibid., Then such false gods]. 1552 Huloet, Ffalse messenger.. ffalse prophet. 1870 {title), False Heir and other Choice Stories for the Young. c. with the name of an author : =‘ Pseudo- 1868 Freeman Norm. Conq. II. 629 The false Ingulf. d. Of hair, teeth, etc.: Artificially made or adapted. 1591 Percivall Sp. Diet., CabellSra, a false heare, or peruke. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 168 Hired women, who for five houres space .. howle bitterly, teare their false haire [etc.]. 1817 Byron Beppo lxvi, One has false curls. 1885 Pall Mall G. 16 Apr. 3/2 The false teeth are nothing but animal teeth attached to the human teeth by means of small gold plates. e. False face : a mask. 1818 Scott Rob Roy ix, His fause-face slipped aside. 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle xi. (1859) 248 A white false- face or mask of a most methodistical expression. f. False key : a skeleton key, picklock. 1701 Lond. Gaz. No. 3708/3 A false Key, and a Steel, were left by the said Murderers. 1833 J. Holland Manuf. Metal II. 267 False keys, and all other counterfeit means of open¬ ing locks. g. Of attributes or actions: Feigned, counter¬ feited, spurious. c 1600 Shaks. Sonn. Ixxii, Least your true loue may seeme falce. 1697 Dryden Virg. AEncid 11. 197 False tears true pity move. 1709 Pope Ess. Crit. 25 So by false learning is good sense debased. h. Law. False actio 7 i = ‘ feigned action *: see Feigned. False plea = sham plea. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), False Action = Faint Action. 1848 Wharton Law Lex. 246/2 False plea. 14 . Nav. and Alii. Counterfeited for the purpose of deception; feigned, pretended; as in false attack, lights , ports , signal. Also in phrases (often fig-), t To show false colours , Under false col our (s (see Colour sb. 6 b) ; To hang out false colours (see Colour sb. 7 d). c 1400 Fals colour [see Colour sb. 6 b]. 1677 Lond. Gaz. No. 1179/2 One towards Mount Azine, which some look upon to be only a false Attack. 1697 Dampier Voy. (1698) I. 252 Had we enter’d the Port upon the false signal, we must have been taken or sunk. 1765-93 Blackstone Comm. 1. (ed. 12) 294 Putting out false lights in order to bring any vessel into danger. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine, Faux sabords , false ports, painted in a ship’s side, to deceive an enemy. X784 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 30 Dec., A letter .. which seems to shew her gay and happy. I hope it shows not false colours. 1809 Roland Fencing 102 Various small motions made without longing, are termed false attacks. 1853 Stocqueler Mil. Diet. 25/2 False attack , a feigned or secondary movement in the arrangements of an assault, intended to divert the attention of an enemy from the real or principal attack. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word bk. 288 To sail under false colours .. is an allowable stratagem of war. 1874 Morley Compromise (1886) 172 If men go through society before marriage under false colours. b. False fire : + (a) a blank discharge of fire¬ arms (obs.) ; (b) a fire made to deceive an enemy, or as a night-signal. 1633 T. James Voy. 26 We shot and made false fires. 1642 Sir E. Dering Sp. on Relig. xvi. 86 Artillery men, though ..nimble with false fires, are not immediately compleated into true-Souldiers. X711 A. Duncan Mariners Chron. (1805) III. 289 Night coming on we lost sight of our consort, and made several false fires. 1720 De Foe Capt. Singleton viii. (1840) 140 We made false fire with any gun that was uncharged, and they would walk off as soon as they saw the flash. 1805 Nelson in Nicholas Disp. (1846) VII. 57 We have found the comfort of blue lights and false fires in the Mediterranean. 1853 Stocqueler Mil. Diet. 101/2 When an army is about to retire from a position during the night, false fires are lighted in different parts of the encampment to impose upon the enemy’s vigilance. 15 . Improperly so called. (Prefixed, like quasi- ox pseudo-, to form names of things bearing a de¬ ceptive resemblance to those properly denoted by the sb.) a. in various sciences. 1594 False ribbes [see Bastard a. 5 c]. 1741 A. Monro A?iat. Bones (ed. 3) 222 The Five inferior of each Side are the False [Ribs]. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) IV. 245 Immediately on quitting the real womb, they creep into the false one. 1776 Seiferth tr. Gellert's Metal. Chym. 14 It [Yellow Quartz] is called .. after its colour .. false topaz. 1807-26 S. Cooper First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 248 When all the coats of an artery are wounded, ruptured, or perforated by ulceration, the tumour is called a false aneurism. 1833 Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 175 This diagonal arrangement of the layers, sometimes called 4 false stratification ’. 1866 Trcas. Bot., False bark, that layer on the outside of the stem of an Endogen, which consists of cellular tissue into which fibrous tissue passes obliquely. 1869 J. R. S. Clifford FALSE 49 FALSE. in Eng. MccJt. 24 Dec. 3457 At the sixth [segment] we come to what have been called the ‘ false legs * lof caterpillars]. 1881 Mivart Cat viii. 229 The superior or false vocal cords. 1890 G. H. Williams Crystallography 212 False planes, apparent crystal faces, whose position is not that of true crystal planes, may be produced by oscillatory combination. b. in popular or literary names of plants (some¬ times rendering mod. L. names formed with pseudo-). 1578 F alse Rewbarbes [see Bastard a. 5 b]. 1597 Gerarde Her lull Index, False Mercurie. 1861 Miss Pratt Flower. PI. VI. 50 False Brome-grass. 1861 Chambers' Encycl. s. v. Bottle-gourd The common bottle-gourd, or false cala¬ bash, is a native of India. Ibid. s. v. Locust Tree, The locust-tree of America is also called the false acacia, or thorn acacia. 1878-86 Brittf.n & Holland Plant-n False Parsley. f c. False vail : ? = Agnail 3. Obs. 1818 Art P reserv, Feet 335 False nails .. arise from a want of due attention to the parts surrounding the nail. d. Phys. False conception : a spurious concep¬ tion, in which a shapeless mass is produced instead of a foetus. 1662 R. Mathew Uni. Alch. § 87. 121 It .. brought from her an abortive or false conception. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, in. 441 They shed A slimy Juice, by false Conception bred. 1889 Wagstaffe Mayne's Med. Voc. 94 False Con¬ ception, an imperfect impregnation or blighted ovum. 16 . fa. False colour', in water-colour painting, a lighter tint of any of the recognized colours {obs.). b. False dyes, colours (= Fr. feint faux) : fugitive as opposed to permanent dyes. *573 Art of Limning 4 Azure or Byze. His false coloure, Two parts azure and one of cereuse. Ibid. 11 Lay.. First thy false colours and after thy sadd. 1816 J. Smith Panorama Sc. Art II. 527 Dyes of the second class, are called false or little dyes. 1842 Bischoff Woollen Manuf II. iii. 80 Two branches, namely, that of permanent colours, and that of false or fugitive colours. 17 . (Chiefly Aleck.) Subsidiary, supplementary ; substituted for or serving to supplement the thing properly or chiefly denoted by the name. a. False bottom : a horizontal partition in a vessel. Also in Mining and Metallurgy (see quot. 1SS1). 1596 Harington Met am. Aja.x (1814) 117 You shall make a false bottom to that privy that you are annoyed with— either of lead or stone. 1626 Bacon Sylva (1627) v. 127 'lake a Vessel, and.. make a false Bottom of course Canvasse. 1641 French Distill, i. (1651) 5 A false bottom where the Quick¬ silver must lye. 1823 J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 146 Each vat is to have a false bottom, made with cross bars, or stout wicker work. 1881 D. C. Davies Metall. Min. <$• Mining 413 False Bottom, .a loose plate put into the stamp box ; a floor of iron placed in a puddling machine; a bed of drift holding auriferous drift, and overlying the bed of the latter that usually lies on the bed rock. b. Shipbuilding. Of things temporarily attached to the real or true part to assist or protect it, as in false keel, keelson, post, rail , stay , stem, stern, stern-post. Also in False deck , a grating or the like supported above the main deck by the ‘ close fights \ 1626 Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 14 A grating, net¬ ting or false decke for your close fights. 1627 — Seaman’s Gram. xi. 53 Another keele vnder the first, .wee call a false Keelp. Ibid., Fix another stem before it [the stem], and that is called a false stem. 1709 Loud. Gaz. No. 4521/2 Having our. .Back-stays cut to pieces; as also our Main and False- stay. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789) C iv b, The false post .. serves to augment the breadth of the stern-post. c 1850 Rudim. Xavig. (Weale) 117 False keel. Ibid., False rail, a rail fayed down upon the upper side of the main, or upper rail of the head, i860 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., False kelson or Kelson Rider. c. Gunmaking. 1875 1 Stonehenge’ Brit. Sports 1. 1. xi. § 2. 33 Thefalse- breech is cut away more than I like it. 1880 Encycl. Brit. XI. 280/1 A pair of barrels, .abutting against a false breech. 1881 Greener Gun 262 A false pin is screwed into the lever, which, when removed, will leave an aperture through which the breech-pin must be extracted. d. Civil Engineering. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 824/2 False-iuorks .. con¬ struction works to enable the erection of the main works. e. Arch, in False pillar, roof (see quots.). 1552 Huloet, Ffalse roufe of a chambre, house, seller, or vault. 1611 Perkins Cases Consc. (1610)143 The other which was most outward, and lesse weightie might be vp- holden by lesser proppes, which Artificers in that kind call by the name of false-pillars. 1849-50 Weale Diet. Terms, False roof, the space between the ceiling and the roof above it. 1874 Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 213 The main pipes should, .be in the false roof. B. adv. + 1 . Untruly. With to speak, swear. Obs. or arch. 1303 R. Brunne Ilandl. Synne 776 5 >'f hou euere swore.. Yn any tyme fals or wykkedly. c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Whs. Ill. 345 Whanne Petre .. swore fals for a wommans vois. a 1400-50 Alexander 298 par haue pai fals spoken. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII , 11. iv. 136 Let him in naught be trusted, For speaking false in that. 1621 Lady M. Wroth Urania 202 He vow’d, nothing should make him answere false. 2 . Improperly, wrongly. Of an arrow’s flight: In the wrong direction ; erringly. Of music: Out of tune, incorrectly. Obs. or arch. 1591 Shaks. Two Gent. iv. ii. 59 The Musitian. .plaies false. .So fake that "he grieues my very heart-strings. 1596 — 1 Hen. IV, 1. ii. 74 Thou judgest false. 1608 — Per. 1. i. 124 If it be true that 1 interpret false. 1815 Moore Lalla R. (1824) 139 False flew the shaft, though pointed well. 3 . Faithlessly, perfidiously. Chiefly in To play (eode buton aelcon false. 1154 O. E. Chron. an. 1124 Hi hafden fordon eall pa^t land mid here micele fals. c 1200 Ormin 7334 Crist forrwerrpejj]? falls & Hard, c 1300 Cursor M. 19254 (Edin.) pu leies. .and a3te haue wand wif> fals hali gaste to fand. a 1375 Joseph A rim. 208 Wip-outen faute o|?er faus. c 1400 Destr. Troy 8109 Now art [k>u trewly hor traitour, & tainted for fals ! 2 . One who or that which is false, t a. ellipt. for * false person \ Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 4412 (Cott.) loseph .. ]>at suikeful fals, }>at foie lichour. c 1340 Ibid. 17473 (Trin.) Alle false shul fare on pat wise, c 1400 Destr. Troy 12355 Eneas..wold haue dungyn hym to deth, & deiret pe fals. f b. What is false; falsehood. Obs. exc. as absol. use of the adj. c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Whs. III. 345 Men moten .. take ofte fals as bileve. a 1592 Greene Jas. IV { 1861) 213 Such re¬ ports more false than truth contain. 1603 Shaks. Meas.for M. 11. iv. 170 My false, ore-weighs your true, a 16C0 Butler Rem. (1759) I. 224 Science .. Conveys, and counterchanges true and false. 1812 Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 13 Truths . .were blended with the false. c. Something that is false ; untruth ; false ap¬ pearance. Obs. exc. arch. 1584 T. Bastard Chrestolcros, He. .hath put a false upon thy face. 1786 tr. Swedenborg's Chr. Relig. § 273 His Un¬ derstanding is full of Falses. 1884 Tennyson Beckct in. iii, Earth’s falses are heaven’s truths. + 3 . Fencing. — Feint. Obs. 1637 Nabbes Microcosm, in Dodsley O. Plays IX. 122 Mar's fencing school, where 1 learn’d a mystery that consists in..thrusts, falses, doubles. D. Comb. 1 . Of the adj.: a. With agent-nouns forming sbs., as false-buller, -coiner ; f false writer, (a) one who writes incorrectly ; ( b ) a forger. a 1300 Cursor M. 29306 (Cott.) Fals bullers [see False v. i], 1440 PromF Pars'. 148 False wry ter, plastographus. 1580 Baret Ah>. F 109 A false writer ..mendosus scriptor. Ibid., A false coiner, adulterator monetae. b. With pa. pples., forming adjs. chiefly para- synthetic, as false-biased, -bottotned, -eyed, -faced, faithed, -fingered, -fronted, -grounded, -hearted (whence false-heartedness ), - necked, -principled, -visored . 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 450 For our Equalls, what they say or do.. what is good, we make Casuall, or ’false Byassed. 1654 H. L’E strange Chas. I (1655) 25 You have .. upon ’false-bottomed suggestion.Cendeavoured to distain his [the king’s] .. honour. 1645 Quarles Sol. Recant. 55 Then banish ’fals-ey’d mirth. 1607 Shaks. Cor. 1. ix. 44 Let Courts and Cities be Made all of ’false-fac’d soothing. 1601 Chester Lcn>e's Mart. cv. (1878) 71 ’False-faithed Scot¬ land. 1648 Goodwin Youngl. Eld. Ess. 4 ’Fals-fingered men. 1889 A. R. Hope in Boys Own Papery Aug. 697/2 The ’false-fronted frump.. 1649 Roberts Clavis Bibl. 341 His confutation, of their false-grounded opinion. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. Iv. 21 Y e ’falseharted folk bear in their mouth hony dipped in poison. 1685 Baxter Paraphr. X. T. Matt. xii. 39 A false-hearted People that will not be con¬ vinced by Miracles. 1847 Emerson Poems, To Rhea Wks. (Bohn) I. 402 When love has once departed From the eyes of the false-hearted. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. xli. 7 To utter the *falsehartednesse assoone as they come out of the doores. 1889 The Voice (N. Y.) 16 May, The..false heartedness of the temperance Republicans. 1892 Academy 24 Sept. 270 * False-necked vases are represented in the tomb of Ramessu III. 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer. III. 94 The brand of contempt should be fixed upon any.. * false principled style of manners. 1563 Foxe A. «$• AI. 1355/2 The dark and falseuisured kingdom of Antichrist. 2 . Of the adv.: a. With pr. pples., forming adjs., as false-bodi?ig, - creeping , -glozing (see Gloz- ing), -judging, -lying , -persuading,-speaking, -zvar- bling ; with vbl. sbs., forming sbs , as false-con¬ tracting, -dealing, -enditing, speaking, -promising, -writing. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill, 1. iii. 247 * False boding Woman, end thy frantick Curse. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. i. in. Furies 746 Theeving, ’False-contracting, Church- chaflering [etc.]. 1593 Shaks. Lncr. 1517 Jealousy itself could not mistrust * False-creeping craft. 1702 C. Mather Magn. Chr. 1. ii. (1852) 51 This false-dealing proved a safe-dealing for the good people, c 1480 John Watton Spec . Chr 30 b, ’Fals Enditing. 1633 G. Herbert Temple, Dotage i, * False glozing pleasures. 1686 South Sertn. (1737) II. ix.347 A false glossing parasite would, .call his fool-hardi¬ ness valour. 1839 Hallam Hist. Lit. viii. 1. § 50 A very ’false-judging pedantry. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 70b, A ’falslying good lesse man. 1682 Otway Venice Preserved iv. i. 56 Thanks to thy tears and false perswading love. 1684 — Atheist 1. i, There’s .. * False-promising at Court. c 1600 Shaks. Sonn. cxxxviii, Simply I credit her ^false- speaking tongue. 1884 tr. Lotze's Logic 286 False-speaking is wrong in itself. 1728 46 Thomson Spring 992 ’False- warbling in his cheated ear. b. With pa. pples., forming adjs., as false-de- rived, -fed, -found, -gotten, -imagined, ■persuaded, -pretended, -purchased, -spoken, -sworn, -tinctured. -whiled , -termed, -written. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, iv. i. 190 Euery .. ’false-denued Cause. 1680 H. More Apocal. Apoc. 69 They shall not be ’false-fed. .by deceitful Teachers, a 1558 (J. Mary in Foxe A. 6.) Fals goten good. / 1625 Mii ton Death Fair Infant 72 Her false-imagined loss cease to lament! 1605 Shaks. Lear 1. iv. 254 (Qo.), I should be ’false persuaded I had daughters. 1553 Bale Gardiner's De vera Obed. Pref. By, ’False pretended supremacie. 1530 Form Greater Excommun. in Masked Mon. Rit. II. 299 All tho hen acursed .. that use wytingly suche ’false purchased letters. 1843 Carlyle Past <$• Pr. (1858) 142 ’False-spoken, unjust. 1569 J. Sanford tr. AgrippcCs Van. Artes 2 b, A ’falsesworne Marchaunte. 1729 Savage Wanderer 11. 391 ’False-term’d honour. 1706 Watts Horae Lyricae 11. (18081 169 The cruel shade apply’d .. a ’false tinctur'd glass. 1641 Milton Ch. Govt. 11. iii. (1851) 173 A ’false-whited, a lawme resemblance of her. 1755 Carte Hist. Eng. IV. 93 Names ’false-written as Artherus for Arthurus. c. With verbs, forming verbs, as false-colour, -play, -point, -promise. 1817 Coleridge Biog. Lit. (1847) II. 170 Genius neither distorts nor ■ false-colours its objects. 1606 Shaks. Ant. e helman his haruede and his hereburne gon to falsie [c 1275 fausie]. a 1225 A tier. R. 228 Vor none deofles puffe ne purue 3e dreden, bute jif (> et liny ualse. Ibid. 270 5 if he mei underjiten F-S ower bileaue falsie. b. trans. To cause to fail or give way; to foil (a weapon). ,11225 Auer. R. 292 Godes stronge passiun falsie b e s deofles wepnen. a 1240 Stnules IVarde in Cott. Horn. 255 Ne mei .. ne na rvone falsi min heorte. c 1275 Lnne Ron 124 in O. E. Misc. 97 Ne may no Mynur hire vnderwrote, ne neuer false Fair grundwal. 1:1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 2125 The fir. .falsed the siment, and the ston. 2. trans. To counterfeit (money); to forge (a document). a 1300 Cursor AT. 29308 (Cotton Galba) Fals bulleres.. ]>at falses ]>e papes sele. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 5362 3yf hou dedyst euere ]>y myghte To false a chartre. ,1450 Myrc 709 All that falsen the popes lettres. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. cl. 131 A clerk had falshed the kyuges money. 1493 FestivallCR. de W. 1515) 193, I denounce, .all those that fals the kyngesstandarde. 1553 T. Becon Reliq. Rome (1563) 240a, All thoe that false the Ropes Bull. 3. To falsify, make untrue ; to introduce false¬ hood into; to corrupt. c 1380 Wyclif Set. Wks. III. 434 Men moten .. pacient- liche dispose hem to deye for Crist, and fals not ]> e gospel for favor of men. c 1386 Chaucer Miller's Rrol. 66, I mote reherse Hir tales alle .. Or elles falsen som of my matere. 1450-1530 Alyrr. our Ladye 54 They that clyppe away from the money of goddes seruice, eny wordes or letters or syllables, & so false yt from the trew sentence. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. ii. 11 Babylon 473 Those scattered Masons Had falsed it [Adam’s language] in hundred thousand fashions. 4. To be or prove false to. a. To break, violate (one’s faith, word, etc.). Const, dat. of person. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 11191 Men falsen here troupes, c 1386 Chaucer Sqr.'s T. 619 lie. .hath histrouthe falsed. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. xxii. 20 These coue- nauntes sholde neuer be broke ne falsed. a 1533 Ld. Ber¬ ners Hnon cxx. 429 Then shall I false her my promyse. 1563 B. Googe Eglogs vii. (Arb.) 57 When fyrst she falst her troth to me.' 1624 Heywood Captives 11. i. in Bullen O. PI. IV, That false their faythes. b. To play false to (a person) ; to betray, de¬ ceive. Also absol. 7 FALSE-BRAY. 50 / c 1374 Chaucer Troylus v. 1053 Ther made neuere womman more wo Than she, when that she falsed Troylus. c 1420 Lydg. female of Glass 63 Medee. .was falsed of Iason. c. absol. and inlr. To defraud, deal falsely. 1393 Gower Conf. II. 301 To falsen and to ben unkinde. c 1450 Mvrc 709 All that falsen or use false measures. a 1541 Wyatt Poet. Wks. (1861) 163 Never yet. .Intended I to false, or be untrue. d. Irejl. To betray one’s trust. (Doubtful: the word may be adj.) 1611 Shaks. Cytnb. 11. iii. 74 ’Tis Gold ..makes Diana’s Rangers false themselues. 5 . To maintain to be false, impugn. To false (a dootn ): in Sc. Law ‘to deny the ecpiity of a sentence, and appeal to a superior court 9 (Jam.). a 1225 Juliana 69 Ah false swa hare lahe. a 1400 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 241 Thus xal I false the wordys that his pepyl doth testefy. c 1400 Apol. Loll. 60 In mennis lawe oft men falsen domis, & appelen J>er fro. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. Ixxxv. (1869) 49 Thine argumentes, that seist i have falsed and repreued thy gretteste principle. 1469 Act Pari. Jas.JII (1814)94 The dome gevm in the Justice are of Drumfress .. & falsit and againe callit be maister Adam cokburn forspekar .. was weile gevin & evil again callit. 1609, 1708 [see Falsing r 'll. si. below]. G. To false a blow : to make a feint. 1590 Spenser F. Q. ii. v. 9 Sometimes lie strook him strayt, And falsed oft his blowes t’illude him with such bayt. 1594 [see Falsing vbl. si. below]. Hence Falsed fpl. a ., Fa lsing vbl. sb. and fpl. a., in senses of the verb. Falsing of dooms : (see False v. 5). a 1225 After. R. 72 purh swuch chastiement haueS sum ancre arered bitweonen hire & hire preost. .a valsinde luue. c 1340 Gaiu. <$• Gr. Knt. 2378 Lo ! [>er J>e falssyng, foule mot hit falle ! c 1400 Destr. Troy 11330 Falsyng & flatery. a 1541 Wyatt Poet. IVks. (1861) 30 Vet shall they shew your falsed faith. 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. 11. ii. 95 Not sure in a thing falsing. 1594 J. G. (title) tr. Grassi’s True Arte of Defence, with a Treatise of Deceit or Falsinge. 1594 Daniel Compl. Rosamond xxi, The adulterate beauty of a falsed cheek. 1599 Marston Sco. Villanie 1. iii. 181 Hence, ye falsed, seeming Patriotes. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. Table 70 Falsing of Domes (reduction of decreiteis) sou Id be done incontinent be the partie agains quhom they are given, a 1641 Bp. Mountagu Acts <5- Mon. (1642) 544 That falsed Homily. 1708 J. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. 11. iii. x. (1743)432 Edinburgh .. assisted the Chamberlain in the falsing of dooms. False-bray: see Fausse-bray. t FaTsedict. Obs. [A parallel formation to Verdict, by the substitution of false for the first member.] An untrue deliverance or utterance. 1579 Fulke He skin s' Pari. 499 Wee will not take the verdicte or rather the falsedict at his mouth. 1616 B. Parsons Mag. Charter 23 A verdict. .is a falsedict, if [etc.]. t FaTsedom. Obs. [f. False a. + -dom.J Treachery, untruth; a falsehood. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 852* note, pe vnkunde suikedom [v. r. falsedom]. a 1300 Siriz 65 in Wright Anecd.JLit. 4 Ne con ich saien non falsdom. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 2748 }yf he swere fals, or falsdom bede. Falsehood (f^Ts-, fgisihud). Also + false- head. Forms : a. 3-6 fals(e)-, (4 falce-, fauls- south dial, vals-), hed(e, -ed, (4 -ede, -heed, -id, 5 -hedd, 6 -heade), 6-7 -head. p. 4-6 fals- (6 false-) hod(e, (4 Sc. -ade), 6- falsehood, [f. False a. + -head, -hood.] + 1 . As an attribute of persons: Falseness, deceit¬ fulness, mendacity, faithlessness. Obs. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 454 Of falshede, ne of trecherye, in he worl hys per nys. a 1340 Hampole Psalter xi. 2 Soth- fastnes is lessed & falshede waxis. c 1440 Generydes 1539 A sotilte To hide your falshede. 1534 Lo. Berners Huon lxxxii. 253 Me thynke he is full of falshede for I se none other but he purchaseth for your deth. 2 . Want of conformity to fact or truth ; falsity. Now almost always implying intentional falsity. c 1340 Cursor M. 22865 (Trin.) Mony wenen hat ben not wise pat hat flesshe shal not hool vprise. pat to wene is but falshede. c 1440 Generydes 5221 Ffalshede and trougth is euer atte debate. 1530 Rastell Bk. Purgat. 1. viii, Truthe and falshed be two contraryauntes. 1611 Bible Job xxi. 34 In your answeres there remaineth falshood. 1742 Johnson L. P. t Sydenham , The falshood of this report. 1793 Beddoes Scurry 46 He has .. shewn the falsehood of the conclusion. 1809 10 Coleridge Friend (1865)20 The shameless assertion, that truth and falsehood are indifferent in their own natures. b. That which, or something that, is contrary to fact or truth ; an untrue proposition, doctrine, be¬ lief, etc.; untrue propositions, etc. in general. *393 Gower Conf. III. 136 Logique hath eke in his degree Betwene the trouthe and falshode The pleine wordes for to shode. e 1449 Pecock Repr. 111. xiv. 373 Out of a treuthe folewith not a falshede. 1691 Hartcliffe Virtues 289 Such Minds, as shall have as clear Conceptions of Fals- hoods, as they have of Truths. 1845 S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. II. 278 Truth would be suppressed together with falsehood. 1847 Helps Friends in C. (1854) I. 6 Each age has to fight with its own falsehoods. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1880) I. 32 It would be easy, .to exaggerate this truth ..into a falsehood. J c. An error, mistake (in writing) ; a slip of the pen. Obs. rare. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 148 Falsheed yn boke, for yvel wrytynge, menda. 3 . Deception, falsification, imposture; a forgery, counterfeit. Obs. or arch. 1340 Ayenb. 40 Notaryes pet makep pe ualse lettres, and ..to uele opre ualshedes. c 1394 P. PI. Crede 616 panne [he] .. fyep on her falshedes pat pei bifore deden. 1667 Milton P. L. iy. 122 Hee. .Artificer of fraud, .was the first That practisd falshood under saintly shew. Hid. iv. 812 No falshood can endure Touch of Celestial temper. 4 . The intentional making of false statements ; lying. (Occasionally with wider sense adopted from ancient philosophy: see quot. 1810.) 1662 Stillincfl. Orig. Sacr. 1. iv. § 10 Herodotus was . .suspected of falshood. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xvi, Add not the audacity of falsehood to the headlong passions of youth. 1810 Bentham Packing (1821) 135 Your logical falsehood is—where, for example, you speak of a thing which is not true as if it were true, whether you think it true or not: your ethical falsehood is—where you speak of a thing as true, believing it not to be true, whether it be really true or not. a 1839 Pkaed Poems ( 1864) II. 394 Fraud in kings was held accurst, And falsehood sin was reckoned. 1841 Lane Arab. Nts. I. 24 Falsehood is permitted by their religion. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 74 He who loves involuntary falsehood is a fool. 5 . An uttered untruth; a lie. Also, false state¬ ments, uttered untruth, in general. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. 42/288 Alas, alas, pe deolfole cas: to heore so muche falsliede ! c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. 111. 140 He seies, as blaspheme falsehed pat he makes medeful to slee Cristen men. c 1450 Gesta Rom. xlix. 223 (Harl. MS.) He with his sotil cautellis & falshedes blindithe & disseyuithe pe soule. 1593 Shaks. Rich. II, iv. i. 39, I will turne thy falshood to thy hart, Where it was forged, with my Rapiers point. 1794 Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Vdolpho xii, Why did you accuse me of having told a falsehood. 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lanips ii. § 15. 42 To cover brick with cement, and to divide this cement with joints that it may look like stone, is to tell a falsehood. 1856 Froude Hist. Eng.( 1858) I. iv. 314 A small element of truth may furnish a substructure for a considerable edifice of falsehood. t 6. Arith. Rule of Falsehood = * False Position ’: see Position. Obs. 1542 Records Gr. Aries (1575) 439 The rule of Falsehode, whiche beareth his name .. for that by false numbers taken at all aduentures, it teacheth howe to finde those true num¬ bers that you seeke for. 7 . Sc. Law. (See quot.) : in mod. law books for the older Falset. 1699 Sir G. Mackenzie Laics Cast. Scot, xxvii. 134 Fal- snm, Falshood .. a fraudulent suppression, or imitation of Truth, in prejudice of another. 1773 in J. Erskine Inst it. Law Scot. iv. iv. § 66,. 1861 in W. Bell Diet. Law Scot. 378/2. 8. Comb., as fals eh ood-free , falsehood-monger. 1839 I -ady Lytton Cheveley (ed. 2) I. xii. 293 What will not those falsehood-mongers, the poets, have to answer for. 1850 Mrs. Browning Poems, Exile's Return iii, How change could touch the falsehood-free And changeless thee ! t Fa lseleke. Obs. rare— 1 , [f. False a.: see -lock.] Falsehood. a 1310 in Wright LyricP. viii. 32 To fet y falle hem feole, for falsleke fifti folde. t FaTsely, Cl. Obs. rare— 1 . In 4 falsly. [f. False a. + ly L] False, deceptive. a 1310 in Wright Lyric P. viii. 31 My fykel fleishe, mi falsly blod. Falsely (f^ls-, fplsli), adv. Forms: 3-5 fals(e)- liche, (4 falslich, -lik, -lyche, valsliche), 3-5 falsli, 3-8 falsly, 4- falsely, [f. False a. + -ly -.] 1 . In violation of truth; untruthfully. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 726 Whan pou falsly by hym swerest. £-1320 Sir Tristr. 3054 Falsly canestow fayt. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. 11. xxvi. 146 A man is accused falsly of a fact. 1841-4 Emerson Ess., Spir. Laws Wks. I. 66 When a man. .has base ends, and speaks falsely. 2 . Erroneously, incorrectly, wrongly. a 1300 Cursor M. 23131 (Cott.) Falsli es he cristen calld. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) xii. 134 Thei seyn that the cristene men .. beleeven folyly and falsly that Iesu Crist was crucy- fyed. 1563 Winzet Vincent. Lirin. xxvi. Wks. 1890 II. 54 Science falslie so callit. 1597 Morley Introd. Mus. 183 Such things as I haue either left out or falsely set downe. a 1627 Sir J. Beaumont Attsw. Metrodorus in Poems (1869) 240 All states are good, and tl*ey are falsly led, Who wish to be vnborne. 1727-38 Gay Fables 1. x, How falsly is the spaniel drawn ! 1809-10 Coleridge Friend ( 1865) 128,1 have falsely represented his principles. 3 . Wrongfully, a. Unjustly, for no sufficient cause, without justification, b. Dishonestly, fraudu¬ lently. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 5347 }yf pou .. falsly pur- chasede..pat ys grete synne. c 1330 — Citron. 11810) 235 Gascoyne & Normandie, pat pe kyng of France chalanges falsly. 1389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 5 Enpresoned falslich by enme. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 11. xiv. (1869) 80 Thou mesurest falsliche, and stelest folkes corn. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. 11. iii. Wks. 1856 I. 98, I must die falsely. 1666 Dryden Anti. Mirab. 675 Success, which they did falsly boast. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 170 p 7 For such who are treated ill and upbraided falsely. 4 . Deceitfully, treacherously. a 1225 Ancr. R. 208 Falsliche igon to schrifte. a 1300 CursorM. 818 (Gott.) pe feind. .falsli bigiled adam. c 1394 P. PI. Crede 693 A fewe Folwen fully pat clop, but fals¬ liche pat vsep. 1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 41 Falselier than the fende. t 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xiv. 341 Ky n g y° n » that so falsli hath betrayed vs. 1503-4 Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 34 Preamb., Persones falsly and traiterously ymagynyng. .the deth. .of the Kinge. 1605 Camden Rem. (1637) 253 John, .falsely and unnaturally revolted unto the French king. 1742 Young Nt. Tit. vii. 478 The third witness . .falsly promises an Eden here, t 5 . Improperly. Obs. x 393 Langl. P. PI. C. x. 270 Ful meny fayre flus falsliche wasshe ! 1483 Caxton G. de la Totir E vij b, The daughters of Moab were falsly engendryd and goten. 1529 More Dyaloge in. Wks. 208/1 The churche fell sodeinly down.. was falsely wrought. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill, v. iii. 251 A base FALSET. foule Stone, made precious by the soyle Of Englands Chaire. where he is falsely set. Falsen (fp'ls’n, fg*ls*n), v. rare. [f. False#. + -en 5 .] trans. To make false or unreal. 1888 M. Arnold in 19 th Cent. Apr. 482 The whole action of our minds is hampered and falsened. Falseness (f§'ls-, falsnes). Also 4-7 fals- nes(s e, 4-8 false- (south, dial, vals-) nesse. [f. False a. + -ness.] The quality of being false. 1 . Contrariety to fact; want of reality or truth; falsehood, unreality, f Also quasi-re freke .. Bot styj?ly he start forth vpon styf schonkes. 11485 Digby Myst. (1882' mi. 280 In feyntnes I falter. 1561 I. Norton Calvins Inst. 11. vii. (1634) 159 Hee beginneth. .to shake and folter. 1603 Knolles Hist, furies (1621) 87 Which [mare] now suddenly faultring under him. 1639 T. de Gray Cotnpl. Horsem. 30 If you doe perceive him to felter with any of his feet. 1781 Cowper Truth 537 Falter¬ ing, faint and slow. 1795 T. Jefferson Writ. (1859) IV. 119, I have laid up my Rosinante in his stall, before his unfitness for the road shall expose him faultering to the world. 1821 Byron Sard. v. i, The dispirited troops, .had seen you fall, and falter’d back. 1878 Masque Toets 35 Thou guidest steps that falter on alone. b. Of the limbs : To give way, totter. <1386 Chaucer Man of Laws T. 674 O messager, fulfild of dronkenesse, Strong is thy breth, thy lymes faltren ay. 1447 Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.) 179 Hys leggys to faltryn gunne sodeynly. 1531 Elyot Gov. i. xvii, Where the water hath come to his [the horse's] bely, his legges hath foltred. 1672 Wiseman 1 Founds 1. ix. 120 He felt his legs faulter. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian i. (1826)4 In descending the last steps, .the foot of the elder lady faltered. c. Of the tongue: To fail to articulate distinctly; to speak unsteadily (see 2). a 1533 Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. II. Aurcl. xlviii. (1539) 93a, His tonge faultred, and his handes shoke. a 1535 Fisher JVks. (1876* I. 356 Thy tongue flaltereth in thy mouth. 1671 R. Bohun Disc. I Find 148 Wee find the tongue more apt to falter. 2 . To stumble in one’s speech ; to speak hesi¬ tatingly or incoherently; to stammer. Of the voice, speech, etc.: To come forth incoherently. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 148 Faltryn yn be tunge, cespito, vcl lingua cespitare. 1530 Palsgr. 544/1, I falter in my speak- yng, as one dothe that is dronken. Jc baboye. 1565 Gold¬ ing Ovid's Met. hi. (1593) 63 She foltred in the mouth as often as she spake. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. iv. iii. Wks. 1856 I. 124 Her speach falters. 1672 Marvell Reh. Tratisp. 1. 114 He .. faulters in this discourse. 1768 H. Walpole Hist. Doubts 92 He did not faulter, nor could be detected in his tale? 1791 Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest vi, The words of welcome faltered on his lips. 1804 J. ( jRAhame Sabbath 687 His voice soon faltering stops. 1821 Mrs. Hemans Dartmoor 288 When holy strains, .falter on its tongue. 1859 Tennyson Guinevere 301 Even in the middle of his song He falter’d. b. trails .; with quoted words as obj. 1842 Tennyson Gardener s D. 230 She .. made me most happy, faltering, ‘ I am thine ’. 1884 Poe Eustace 69 ‘ Why would you have Ralph discharged ?’ she faltered. c. To falterforth or out: to utter hesitatingly or with difficulty; to stammer forth. Also {poet.), To breathe out (the soul') by gasps. 1762 Gentl. Mag. 73, I faultered out my acknowledge¬ ments. 1813 Byron Corsair 1. i, While gasp by gasp he falters forth his soul. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 532 She .. faltered out her commands that he would sit down. 1868 Milman St. Paul's 305 The Dean faltered out that he meant no harm. 3 . To waver, lose steadfastness ; to flinch, hesitate in action from lack of courage or resolution. Also of courage, hopes, resolve : To give way, flag. 1521 Fisher Wks. (18761 I. 313 That we floghter not in the catholike doctryne. a 1568 Ascham Scholcm. (Arb.) 128 The hier they flie, the sooner they falter and faill. a 1677 Bar- row Serm. Wks. 1716 I. 11 All other principles .. will soon be shaken and faulter. 1697 Dampier Voy, (1729) I. 2 If any Man faultred in the Journey over Land he must expect to be shot to death. 1752 Hume Ess. Treat. (1777) II. 452 It made them faulter and hesitate. 1802 Mar. Edgeworth Moral T. I. xii, His hopes..began to falter. 1818 Jas. Mill Brit. India II. iv. v. 168 A part of the army faultered considerably. 1859 Tennyson Enid 1361 Nor let her true hand falter, nor blue eye Moisten, till she had lighted on his wound, a 1864 I. Taylor (W.), Here.. the power of dis¬ tinct conception of space and distance falters. 1872 Miss Braddon To Bitter End I. xvii. 291 The girl’s spirits did not falter. 1874 Green Short Hist. ii. § 4. 77 The citizens . .faltered as William, .gave Southwark to the flames. + b. To fail in strength, collapse. Obs. 1799 Med. frill. I. 18 Until the patient in a close room ftulters and sinks. [1886 El worthy IF. Somerset Gloss., Faltery, to show signs of old age; to break up in con¬ stitution. 1 c. trails/. Of inanimate things : To move as if irresolutely or hesitatingly; to tremble, quiver. Also of a breeze : To flag. The later examples are all from U.S. writers; to an Eng¬ lish reader the use in thequot. from Irving sounds incorrect, that in the two others justifiable though unusual. 174s P. T homas frill. Anson’s l r oy. 152 Trade Wind blows ..within 60 or 70 Leagues of the Mexican Shore, where they say it sometimes falters, but oftner reaches to within 30 Leagues. 1810 [seeiFALTERiNG ppl. a.]. 1832 W. Irving Alhambra II. 240 He. .began to nod, and his staff to falter in his hand. 1848 Lowell Indian Summer Reverie i, When falling leaves falter through motionless air. 1874 Mot¬ ley Barnei’eld II. xvii. 227 The ancient Rhine as it falters languidly to the sea. d. dial. Of a crop : To fail. 1863 Dorset Gloss, s. v., ‘ I be a-feard the teaties will falter.’ Hence FaTtered fpl. a ., Fa ltering vbl. sb. 1706 Earl Belhaven Sp. in Sc. Parlt. 5 Are our Eyes so Blinded? Are our Ears so Deafned? Are our Tongues so Faltered? a 1800 T. Bellamy Beggar Boy (1801) III. 42 In a voice, faltered by surprize, .he eagerly demanded their business. 1614 Markham CheapHusbA 1623)65 The signes are a foltering in his fore legges. 1621 Lady M. Wroth Urania 172 Some thing made those faultrings in my talke. 1722 Sewel Hist. Quakers (17951 I. iv. 290 He . . hath long watched for my faultering. 1823 Lamb Elia Ser. 1. xi. (1865) 89 He has no falterings of self-suspicion. 1871 Standard 23 Jan., There were occasional natural falterings. t FaTter, vf Obs. rare. [perh. var. of Felter v. y to be felted, matted, f. OF. fcltre , fault re felt. But cf. Q\cz\.faltra-sk ‘ to be cumbered, faltra-sk vict e- 1 . to be puzzled about a thing’ (Vigf.).] intr. To become entangled, catch. c 1450 Si. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6038 pe whele faltird in his clathes pat ware lange and syde. Falter (fg'ltai), vA Also 7 faulter, foulter, 9 dial, faughter, fauther. [? a. OF. *faltrcr (re¬ corded form fautrer) to strike, beat.] trails. To thrash (corn) a second time in order to cleanse it and get rid of the awn or beard, etc.; hence, to cleanse. 1601 Holland Pliny xvm. x, They haue much ado .. to thresh it cleane and falter it from the huls and eiles. 1649 Blithe Eng. Improv. Itnpr. (1652) 182 Then foulter and beat the husk again. 1681 Houghton Lett. Husbandry 64 In choosing Barly.. the MaLter looks that it be ..clean faltered from haines. 1788 in Marshall E. Yorksh. Gloss. 1876 in Robinson Whitby Gloss. Hence Fa ltering vbl. sb. (in Combi) 1847-78 Halliwell, Faltering-irons. 1869 Peacock Lonsdale Gloss., Faughtcring-iron , an iron used to knock oflf the beards of barley when thrasbed. Falter 1 fj'ltaj, f^ltaj), sb. [f. Falter zU] A faltering or quavering, unsteadiness. 1834 C' rESS Morlf.y Dacre I. xi. 233 With a slight falter in her voice. 1880 Mrs. Forrester Roy <$■ V. 1. 74 She fancied she heard a falter in Viola’s tones. b. A faltering or quavering sound. c 1842 Lowell Rheccus Poems (1844) 121 Far away. .The falter of an idle shepherd’s pipe. Falter, var. of Feltek. Faltering (fp’ltariq, fpFtariq), ppl. a. [f. Falter v . 1 + -ing -.] 1 . That falters; in senses of the vb: a. of a person, the limbs, etc. 1549 Coverdale Erasm. Par. IIeb. xii. 12 Your weake and foltryng knees. 1667 Milton P. L. ix. 846 Oft his [Adam’s] heart. .Misgave him ; hee the faultring measure felt. 1744 Akenside Pleas. Imag. iil 210 With faultering feet. 1820 Keats St. Agnes xxii, Her faltering hand upon the balus¬ trade. 1884 J. Colborne Hicks Pasha 178 The poor fellow then staggered on with faltering step. b. of the voice, tongue, accent. Also of a per¬ son speaking, a breeze. 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. xi. 12 Swelling throbs empeach His foltering tongue. 1642 Milton Apol.Smect. (1851) 253 Speaking deeds against faltering words. 1741 Middleton Cicero I. iv. 318 In broken, faultering accents. 1773G0LDSM. Stoops to Coitq. v, The faultering gentleman, with looks on the ground. 1810 Scott Lady of L. u. xiv, My dull ears Catch no faltering breeze. 1878 Masque Poets 80 The small sweet voices of the night Begin in faltering music to awake. 2 . quasiWz/. = Faltekingly. a 1741 Chalkley Wks. (1749) 191 He spoke very low and faultering. Falteringly, aJv. [f. prec. + -i.y-.] In a faltering manner, hesitatingly. 1611 Cotgr., Brulivement , brutishly, rudely, .also faulter- ingly.^ 1768 Woman of Honor III. 222 He had. .faulteringly acquainted me, that the keys of his closet., were under his bedVhead. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xxvi, ‘May not a witness summon persons before the tribunal .continued Vivaldi, falteringly. 1852 Hawthorne Blithedale Rom. ix. (1885) 87 She ran falteringly. Faltour, var. of Faulter, Obs., defaulter. Falu, obs. f. of Fallow. Falucca, Faluke, obs. ff. of Felucca. II Falun (faloh). Gcol. Usually in //. [F.] (See quot. 1865.) 1833 Lyell Princ. Geol. IIL 203 The faluns and associated strata are of slight thickness. 1865 Page Gcol. Terms (cd. 2), Faluns, a French provincial term for the shelly Tertiary.. strata of Touraine and the Loire. Falunian (fal'/?nian), a. Gcol. [f. prec. + -ian.] The distinctive epithet of the group of strata represented by the faluns ; upper Miocene. 1851. Richardson Geol. (1855) 321 The falunian, sub- apennine, and diluvial stages of both continents. 1863 Lyell Antiq. Man xxii. 430 The mollusca of the Falunian or Upper Miocene strata of Europe. II Falx (frelks\ Anat. PI. falces. [L. falx scythe or sickle.] A process of the dura mater , sometimes called falx cerebri. Falx ccrebelli (see quot. i860). 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Falx, .one of the Processes.. of the .. Dura Mater. 1741 A. Monro Anat. Bones (ed. 3) 83 In it a little Process of the Falx is lodged. 1800 Phil. Trans. XC. 435 There is a bony falx of some breadth. 1855 Holden Human Osteol. (1878) 119 The ‘ crista galli which gives attachment to the falx cerebri. i860 Mayne Expos. Lex., Falx Ccrebelli .. term for a triangular portion of the dura mater, .separating the two lobes of the cerebellum. 1874 Jones & Siev. Pathol. Anat. 231 The falx is occasion¬ ally found cribrated. Falx, var. of Faulx, Obs. Falye, Sc. fal^e, obs. f. of Fail. Fam (fsem), sb. slang, [short for Famble sb.] — Famble in various senses. Also in Comb, as fam-grnsp v., intr. and trails., to shake hands, make up a difference (with); fam-snatcher. 1692-1732 Coles, Fam grasp, agree with, a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Famgrasp , to agree. 1789 G. Parker Life's Painter 180 Fam, a gold ring. 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Diet., Fam, the hand. 1819 Moore Tom Crib's Mem. 28 Delicate fams which have merely Been handling the sceptre. 1828 P. Egan Finish to Life in London xiv. (1871) 309 To Jerry Hawthorn, Esq., I resign my fam- snatchers—i. e. my gloves. Fam (frem), v. [f. prec. sb.] traits. To feel or handle. 1812 in J. H. Vaux Flash Diet. Faman, obs. f. of Fokman. Famatinite (famse'tinait). IIin. [Named by Stelzner 1873 from the Famatina mountains in the Argentine Republic : see -ite.] An antimonial variety of enargite. 187s Dana Min. App. ii. 20 Famatinite, Stelzner. 1879 Watts Diet. Chan. VIII. 3rd Suppl. 1. 733. t Fama tion. Obs. [V Aphetic f. Defamation, Diffamation ; but cf. F'ame v\ 4.] Defamation. 4:1325 E. E. Allit. P. B. 188 Fals famacions & fayned lawez. c 1325 Rcmbrun xxiii, Ich wile hat Y ben hanged & drawe Boute Y defende me wif> h e lawe Of his famacioun. Famble (fcemib’l), sb. slang, [perh. f. Famble v. in its (probable) original sense 1 to grope, fumble \] 1 . A hand. 1567 Harman Caveat 87 He tooke his Iockam in his famble. 1622 Fletcher Beggar s Bush 11. i, Last we clap our fambles. 1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 19 White thy fainbles. 1815 Scott Guy M. xxviii, If I had not helped you with these very fambles (.holding up her hands). + 2 . A ring. Obs. 1688 Shadvvell Sqr. Alsatia 11, Look on my finger, .here’s a Famble. 1691 Loud. Gaz. No. 2715/4 A small Famble, made up of two little Diamonds, and 4 or 5 Rubies. t 3 . = Fambler b. Obs. 1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 192 The thirteenth a Fam¬ ble, false Rings for to sell. t Fa mble, v. Obs. Also 4 famelen. [Of obscure origin ; the word may originally have had the sense ‘ to grope, Fumble’ ; cf. Sw. famla, Da. famle to grope, metathetic form of ON. falma (Icel .falma), cogn. with OE .folm hand.] 1 . intr. To speak imperfectly; to stammer, stutter. 14.. in Pol. Rel. «S- L. Poems { 1866) 224 His tonge shal stameren, oher famelen. 1611 Cotgr., Beguayer , to famble, fumble, maffle in the mouth. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey], Famble, to Faulter or Stammer in Speech. 1721-1800 in Bailey. 1886 S.W. Line. Gloss., He fambles so in his talk. 2 . (See quot.) 1877 Peacock N.W. Line. Gloss., Fambling, eating with¬ out an appetite. Hence Fambling vbl. sb., Fa mbling/*//. a. 1611 Cotgr., Begaycmcnt, a fambling or maffling in the mouth. Ibid., Begue .. fambling, fumbling, maffling in the mouth, a 1693 Urquhart Rabelais m. xxvi. 216. + Fa mble-chea:t. slang. Obs. Also fam¬ bling cheat. (See quots.) 1567 Harman Caveat 82 A fambling chete, a rytige on thy hand. 1610 Rowlands Martin Mark-all E ij b, Fambling cheates, Rings. 1692-1732 Coles, Famble Cheats, rings or gloves. Cant. 1721-1800 in Bailey. Fa - mble-cro:p. dial. [Cf. Famble v. 2.] a 1825 Forby. Foe. E. Anglia, Famble-crop, the first stomach in ruminating animals. t Fa mbler. Obs. [f. Famble sb. + -eb.] a. A glove, b. (see quot. 1725). 1610 Rowlands Martin Mark-all E ij b, Famblers, a paire of Gloues. 1725 New Cant. Diet., Famblers .. Villains that go up and down selling counterfeit Rings, &c. FAME 53 FAMILIAR. Fame sb.* Also 3 fam, 6 fayme. [a. F. fame , ad. L. fdtna report, fame, — Gr. < print) (Dor. tpdfia) f. root fd-, (fia- (OAryan *bhd-) in L. fdri, Gr. ifnxvai to speak.] 1 . That which people say or tell ; public report, common talk ; a particular instance of this, a re¬ port, rumour. Now rare. C1300 Cursor M. 8750 (Gotu) Of J>is dome sua spredd fe fam, h at all spac of )>is king salamon. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 71 Me schal trowe olde fame, pat is nou^t wi[>seide. 1388 Wyclif t Sam. ii. 24 It is not good fame which Y here. 1482 Monk 0/Evesham { Arb.) 47 Not verely certifide of so soroful a fame and happe. 1513 More in Grafton C/iron. II. 758 As the fame runneth, a 1626 Bacon Ess. t Fame { Arb. 1580 Mucianus undid Vitellius by a Fame, that he scattered. 1679 Hatton Corr. (1878) 199, I heare this only from publicke tame. 1730-6 Bailey (folio) s.v., Common Fame’s seldom to blame. 1747 Franklin Ess. Wks. 1840 III. 20 The very fame of our strength., would be a means of discouraging our enemies. 1818 Jas. Mill Brit. India III. vi. i. 38 note, The King, whose zeal for Mr. Hastings was the object of common fame. 1855 Macaulay II 1 st. Eng. III. 163 At the fame of his approach, the colonists, .retreated northward, b. (quasi-) personified. *393 Gower Con/. I. 350 Fame with her swifte winges Aboute fligh and bare tidinges. a 1547 Surrey sEneid iv. (1557) Ej/2 A mischefe Fame..That mouing growes, and flitting gathers force. 1548 Hall Citron. 11 These monas- ticall persones .. toke on them to. .regester in the boke of fame, noble actes. 1703 Maundkell Journ. Jerus. (1721)137 On each side of the Eagle is describ’d a Fame likewise upon the Wing. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xvi, I would thou couldst clear him of ether charges, with which fame hath loaded him. t c. Without fame : ? = • without fable cer¬ tainly. Obs. < 1430 Hymns I'irg. 116 Alle things sche trowith without fame That goddis lawe techith truthe to be. c 1450 Guy IVarzv. (C.) 108 Segwarde was .. A trewe man, wythowten fame. 2 . The character attributed to a person or thing by report or generally entertained; reputation. Usually in good sense. a 1225 Auer. R. 222 Heo schal .. kenchen lesse of God and Ieosen hire fame. 1297 R. Glouc. (17241 367 per nas prince in pe al worlde of so noble fame. 1375 Barbour Bruce ix. 574 A knycht. .Curtass [and] fair and of gude fame. 1387 T revisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 281 His virtues passed his fame. 1456 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 183 Alias! why dede wee these offence, Ffully to shendethe olde Eng- lisshe fames. 1548 Hall Chron. 169 This is the most spot that was.. ever moste to be caste in the Dukes fame. 1662 Petty Taxes 58 Such whose fames are yet entire. 1708 J. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. 11.11. iii. (1743' 366 They ought to .. enquire into her former and present fame. 1800-24 Campbell Poems, Adelgitha i, A valiant champion .. slew the slanderer of her fame. 1848 M. Arnold Bacchanalia Poems 1877 II. 136 Many spent fames and fallen nights. b. House of ill fame : see House. 3 . The condition of being much talked about. Chiefly in good sense: Reputation derived from great achievements ; celebrity, honour, renown. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. 27/26 On of heom : pat was of grete fame. <11340 Hampole Psalter viii. 1 pe coy and pe fame of pi name ihesu. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 19 A man of mykil fame. 1553 Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 5 The fame of Achilles. 1634 Massinger Very Woman v. iv, Tho’ the desire of fame be the last weakness Wise men put off. 1711 Pope Temp. Fame 505 Fame... that second life in others’ breath. 1816 Byron Ch. Har. in. cxii, Fame is the thirst of youth. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 295 Bands which had long sustained.. the fame of English valour. t b. With adj. in pejorative sense. Obs. rare. a 1300 Cursor M. 2476 (Cott.) pe land of sodome. .was in an iuel fame. 1651 Life Father Sarpi (1676) 42 This Father himself, .was also in a sinister fame. f c. concr. One who constitutes the fame of a place ; its ‘ glory ’. Obs. rare. C1590 Marlowe Faust. Wks. (Rtldg.) 122/2 The learned Faustus, fame of Wittenberg. + 4 . Evil repute, infamy. Obs. c 1325 Poem Times Edw. //, in in Pol. Songs (Camden) 328 Thise gode men fallen oft in fame. C1375 Cato Major H. xxiii. in Anglia VII, pei ben two wikked vices And bringe men ofte in fame, c 1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 3413 The fame that on me hys broght. 1592 Daniell Compl. Rosamond (1717) 37 Fame finds never Tomb t’inclose it in. 5 . Comb.: a. objective, as fame-catcher, -seeker, -spreader sbs.; fame-achieving, -giving, -thirsting, -thirsty, -worthy adjs.; b. instrumental, as fame- blazed, -crowned, -ennobled, -sung adjs. 1601 Chester Love's Mart. cx. (1878) 71 *Fame*atchieving Arthur, c 1611 Chapman Watt xvi. 57 Take thou my *fame- blaz’d arms. 1682 Hickeringill Black Non-Conformist Wks. (1716) II. 3 Let * Fame-catchers mind their stops. 1811 Mariana Starke Beauties C. M. Maggi 36 Dear, classic soil, whence *fame-crown’d Tasso sprang. 1777 Potter JEschylus' Furies (1779) II. 294 To grace their ^fame- ennobled arms with victory. 1756 Cambridge Fakecr 51 In retirement he sigh’d for the "fame-giving chair. 1886 W. Graham Social Problem 20 Men, not self-seekers, nor * fame-seekers. 1552 Huloet, *Fame spreader, famiger. 1649 G. Daniel Triuarch ., Hen. V, ccxlviii, Let not that Day, *faine-sung, fill up the mouth of Honour. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. ii. 11. Babylon 486 4 Fame-thirsting wits that toyl.. to trick their gracious stile. 1605 Play Stucley in Simpson Sch. Shaks. (1878) 219 Portingales '‘fame-thirsty king. 1610 Healey St. A ug. Citieof God 655 Athens, .was more famous then *fame-worthy. 1855 Single¬ ion Virgil 1 . 146 Fame-worthy shepherd from Amphrysus. t Faille, sb . 2 Obs. rare. In 6 fayme. [ad. F. faimi—Tu.fam-em, fames hunger.] Want of food, hunger. a 1533 Ln. Berners Huon cxlviii. 560, I haue bene in y e presone to bere meet to y c .. presoners, who cryeth out for fayme. Fame (h 7i m\ v. Now rare. [a. O Y.frmc-r, f. fame Fame sbj ; cf. mcd.L .fdmdrei] f 1 . trans. To tell or spread abroad, report. Obs. 1303 R. Brunnk Ilandl. Synne 3654 $yf he pat cunseyl fyrper fame. 1483 c dtJu Angl. 122 To Fame, fa mare. *555 Abp. Parker Ps. xx, His prayse to fame. 1671 tr. Pal a fox's Com/. China i. 7 It is famed, that they were both Generals in the Emperour of China’s Armies. 1681 W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 575 It was famed and reported frequently to him. 2 . To report (a person or thing) as, for, to be (so and so), also to do (so and so). Chiefly in passive, to be currently reported or reputed. C1325 E. E. Allit. P. B. 275 He watz famed for fre pat fe}t loued best, c 1384 Chaucer //. E'ame in. 690 Ye wolde, Ben famed good, and nothyng nolde Deserue why. <11400 50 Alexander 2387 Alexander is. .famyd For ane of be curtast kyng pat euir croune werid. 1550 Bale Apol. 68 b, Samuel shulde be famed abroad to haue bene promysed and borne by myracle. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI , iv. iv. 26 Your Grace hath still beenefam’d for vertuous. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. 175 This is famed to be the houshold Monument of certaine of the Kings of Iuda. 1638 Ford Lady's Trial i. iii, One however maskt In colourable privacie, is fam’d The Lord Adurnse’s pensioner, at least. 1646 Buck Rich. Ill , in. 82 That Richard. .should fame king Edward the fourth a bastard. 1671 Milton Samson 1094 Thou art famed To have wrought, .wonders with an ass’s jaw ! 1820 Keats Ode to Nightingale viii, The fancy cannot cheat so well As she is fam’d to do. 1881 Duffield Don Quix. III. xxiii. 141 She was. .not so beautiful as she was famed. 3 . To make famous: a. To spread abroad the fame of, render famous by talk ; to talk of. 1388 V/yclif Matt. ix. 31 But thei . . diflameden [v. r. famyden] hym thorou al that lond. c 1400 Cato's Morals 42 in Cursor M. App. iv. 1669 pat pou be nane of pese pat men famis in fable. 1606 Shaks. Tr. Cr. 11. iii. 254 Be.. thy parts of nature Thrice fam’d beyond, beyond all eru¬ dition. 1616 B. Jonson Epigr. 1. xliii, Her foes enough would fame thee in their nate. 1635 A. Stafford Fern. Glory (1869) 137 When we desire to lame some other maid. 1814 Byron Corsair 1. ii, His name on every shore Is famed and feared. t b. To render famous by some quality, deed, etc. Said also of the quality or deed. Obs. <21552 Leland Collect , (1725) I. 11. 549 Syr Knight, ye be cum hither to fame your Helmet. 1592 Greene Poems 31 The. .cedars trees, Whose stately bulks do fame th’ Arabian groues. 1613 W. Browne Brit. Past. 11. iv, Of holy Ursula (that fam’d her age), c 1665 Mrs. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson 3 In that magnanimity and virtue, which hath famed this island. 4 . To spread an ill report of (a person); to defame. [Perh. short for Defame, Diffame : but cf. Fame sb . 1 4.] 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. iv. 232 pow ha>t famede me foule by-fore pe kynge here, c 1430 Syr I'ryam. 21 False and fekylle was that wyght, That lady for to fame. ?c 1475 Sqr. lozue Dcgre 392 Yf it may be founde in thee, That thou them fame for enmyte. t 5 . nonce-use. To fame it : to become famous. a 1625 Fletcher Hutu. Lieutenant 11. ii, Do you call this fame? I have famed it; I have got immortal fame, but I’ll no more on’t. t Fame, v . 2 Obs. rare. [f. L. fam-es hunger. Cf. OF. afamer. ] trails. To famish, starve. Hence Fa*myt ppl. a. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) i22Steuen willevstraueile, & famen vs to dede. a 1400 Cov. Myst. (1841) 105 Thyn ffamyt folke with thi flfode to fede. Fame, obs. f. of Foam. Famed (fei md \ppl. a. [f. Fame v . 1 + -ed C] 1 . That is much talked about, known by report; f alleged by report; rumoured. <11533 Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurcl. xiii. (1553) Bv/i There haue been diuers sonnes of Rome .. famed throughout the worlde. 1701 Rowe A mb. Step-Moth. 11. i, The fam’d Vertue of our Ancestors. 1741 Middleton Ciocro II. viii. 131 Complaining so heavily of .. the famed acts of his [Cicero’s] Son in law. 2 . Celebrated, renowned, famous. Now arch. exc. as predicate (const, for). 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, 11. i. 156 Were he as famous and as bold in Warre As he is fam’d for Mildnesse, Peace, and Prayer. 1676 D’Urfey 71 /, famil , famyler, -iar(e, -ier(e, -yar(e, -yer, 5 6 fame- liar, -yar, 6-7 familiar, 4- familiar. [a. OF. ; familier, fame lier, famulier (m od. F. m ilier), ad. L. familidr-is, f. familia : see Family.] A. adj. 1 . a. Of or pertaining to one’s family or house¬ hold. (Now rare, and with mixture of other I senses.) f Of an enemy : That is ‘ of one’s own household 9 : lit. and fig. + Of habits : Pertaining to one’s family life, private, domestic. c 1386 Chaucer Mcrclt. T. 540 O famuler fo, that his ser- j vicebedith ! c 1400 Test. Lot.’c ii. 343/1 Nothyng is werse.. than. .a famyliar enemye. 1534 More On the Passion Wks. | 1294/1 The false treason of his familier enemy. 1548 Hall Chron. 205 Either the familier enemies abidyng at home, or the extravagant fooes, lyngeryng beyonde the sea. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 105 Commaunded. .neyther. .his awne familier houshold to doe him anye kinde of service. 1779-81 Johnson L. P., Prior Wks. III. 143 His private character and familiar practices. 1862 Stanley few. Ch. 11877) I. ii. 35 Abram was dwelling, .in the midst, .of his familiar circle. + b. Of titles, heraldic bearings, etc.: Belong¬ ing to a family. Obs. 1646 Buck Rich. Ill, 11. 45 Yet neither of these foure legitimate children, .were permitted to the princely familiar Title of Lancaster. Ibid. 46 [The Heralds], .assign’d him. a shield of familiar Ensignes, the armes of France border’d with an Orle of Normandy or Guyen. 2 . Of persons and their relations : On a family footing; extremely friendly, intimately associated, intimate. Const. + till, J* to, with. c 1340 Hampole Prose T. (1866) 7 He apperyde till ane l>at was famyliare till hym in hys lyfe. C1386 Chaucer Prol. 215 Ful wel .. familiar was he With frankeleins over al in his countree, c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 1508 HerefriSe. .was familier to cuthbert neest. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye p. 1 viii. She was moch famylyer wyth Seint Birgette in hyrlyfe. c 1585 R. Browne Ansiv. Cartzuright 28 Priuate familiar felloshippe. 1642 Fuller Holy Prof. St. v. xix. 438 Every one was..pleased ..because he might he so familiar with the Prince. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 160 P 6 Time and intercourse have made us familiar. 1831 Arnold Let. in Stanley Life Corr. (1844) 1 * ii- 37 as familiar with them as you possibly can. 1847 J. Wilson Chr. North (1857) II. 9 A familiar and privileged guest, f b. Of knowledge : Intimate. Obs. 1761 Hume Hist . Eng. II. xxxvi. 285 She had attained a familiar knowledge of the Roman and Greek languages. c. In a bad sense. Unduly intimate. Const. + to, with. Now only with advbs. like too, over. c 1450 tr. Th. d Kempis Imit. 1. viii, Be not familier to eny womman. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vi. ccx. 224 Emma., was accused to he famulyer with the bysshop of Wynchester. 1514 Barclay Cyt. Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 2 Aboute all London there was no propre prym But long tyme had hen famylyer with hym. 1605 Camden Rent. (1636) 279 A poore man found a Priest over familiar with his wife. d. Familiar angel: a guardian angel. Familiar t devil, spirit : a demon supposed to be in associa¬ tion with or under the power of a man. 14.. Prose Legends in Anglia VIII. 146 Hir fainylier aungel hadde hir in kepynge. 1460 Capgrave Chron. (1858) 25 That same familiar devel. 1565 Stow Citron. 107 h, A familiar spirit which hee had..in likenesse of a Catte. <11641 Bp. Mountagu Acts Mon. vii. § 143 (1642) 473 I People, who .. had familiar spirits attending on them. FAMILIAR. 54 FAMILIARIZE. a 1707 Beveridge JVks. II. (R.), They..called over them that had familiar spirits, in the name of our Lord Jesus. 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. 111. xxvii, No familiar spirit could have suggested to him more effective words. + e. transf Of a plant: Adapted to relations with. Obs. rare. 1721 R. Bradley JVks. Nat. 38 Mistletoe .. can never be made familiar enough with the Earth to take Root, or grow in it. 3. Of animals : Accustomed to the company of men; domesticated, tame, on a domestic footing with. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 263 2 He had one [hound] moche famylyer whiche boldly wold take brede for the borde. 1598 Shaks. Merry ll / . 1. i. 21 It is a familiar beast to man. 1600 J. Poky tr. Leo’s Africa 11. 213 Serpents so familiar with men, that at dinner-time they wil come like dogs and cats. 1721 R. Bradley JVks. Nat. 71 This year.. several .. [snakes] have been familiar about the House. 1784 Cowper Task v. 423 Till the pampered pest Is made familiar. 1849 Sk. Nat. Hist ., Mammalia III. 56 The tapir is occasionally domesticated and becomes, .familiar. jig. 1604 Shaks. Oth. n. iii. 313 Good wine, is a good familiar Creature, if it be well vs’d. + 4. Of food, etc. : Congenial, suitable. Obs. 1620 Vender Via Recta (1650) 90 Womans milk is best, because it is most familiar unto mans bodie. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 61 Poysons haite beene made by some, Familiar. 1661 Lovell Hist. A aim. l. Epist. 105 Such pointes as to you are familiar. 1581 R. Goade in Confer. iii.(i 584)X ij.This place of Tertull. .isaknowenand familiar place. 1612 Brinsley Lud. Lit. ix. (1627) 145 Until! the Latine be as familiar to the Scholler as the English. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. 11. i. § 22 It begins to know the Objects, which being most familiar with it, have made lasting Impressions. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters III. 298 An experiment familiar to nurses. 1793 J. Williams Calm Exam. 44 To simplify our laws, and render them more familiar with our comprehension. 1818 Scott Rob Roy ; i, I will .. endeavour to tell you nothing that is familiar to you already. 1873 H. Spencer Stud. Sociol. viii. 180 The contradictions, .become by-and-by familiar, and no longer attract his attention. b. Of evwy-day use, common, current, habitual, ordinary, usual. Const, to. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V, iv. iii. 52 Familiar in his mouth as household words. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World v. vi. § 10 The familiar custome, among Princes.. of violating Leagues. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. 1. iii. § 9 It is familiar among the Mingrelians. .to bury their Children alive. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 135 p 10 All ridiculous Words make their first Entry into a Language by familiar Phrases. 1780 CowrER Progr. Err. 509 With such fine words familiar to his tongue. 1836 j. Gilbert Chr. Atoncm. iii. (1852) 75 The practice of impeaching the wares of others .. is too familiar with mankind. 1866 Rogers Agric. «V Prices I. xxv. 618 Wine was an article of general and familiar supply. + c. Homely, plain ; hence, easily understood. 1529 More Dyaloge 1. Wks. 156/1 The very straunge familiar fassyon thereof. 1588 Shaks. Z. A. L. 1. ii. 9 Brag. How canst thou part sadnesse and melancholy ! Boy. By a familiar demonstration of the working. 1606 — Tr. <$• Cr. 111. iii. 113, I doe not straine it at the position, It is familiar ; but at the Authors drift. 1694 Addison Eng. Poets 139 He [Montague] unreins His verse, and writes 111 loose familiar strains. 17. Of persons, their actions, etc.: Affable, courteous, friendly, sociable. Obs. C 1385 Chaucer A. G. W. 1602 Now was Jason. .goodly of his speche, and famulere. c 1430 ABC of Aristotle in Babces Bk. (1868) 11 F to fers, ne to famuler, but freendli of j cheere. 1529 More Dyaloge 111. Wks. 225/2 If they [men] be familier we call them light. If they be solitarye we call them fantastike. a 1555 Latimer Serm. <$■ Rem. (1845) 76 Christ..was a good familiar man..he came to men’s j tables when he was called. 1632 Lithgow Trav. ix. 416 Here I found cuery where kind and familiar people, a 1656 Ussher Ann. vii. (1658) 802 Whereupon one in a familiar 1 banquet .. promised Caius, that [etc.]. 1742 Pore Dune. iv. 497 Bland and familiar to the throne he came. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 89 p 12 In his unbended and familiar intervals. 8 . Free, as among persons intimately acquainted, unceremonious; occas. Too free, taking liberties with ; also in To make familiar with . c 1386 Chaucer Shipman s T. 31 In his hous as familiar was he, As it possible is any friend to be. 1485 Caxton Paris <5- V. G868) 88 That ye suffyrhym soo famylyer with •ou. 1645 Howell (title) Epistolse Ho-EIiana;. Familiar .etters, domestic and foreign. 1687 T. Brown Saints in Uproar Wks. 1730 1 .79 There’s no stopping your licentious tongue, otherwise you wou’d not make so familiar with the head of the Church. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 526 p 2 It does look a little familiar, but I must call you Dear Dumb . 1712 Arbuthnot John Bull iv. v. As if I had been familiar with your reputation. 1786 W. Thomson Watson's Philip III (1793) II. v. no He .. was indulged at all times, with familiar access to his person. + b. adv. = Familiarly. 1803 tr. Le Brun’s Monsieur Botie III. 28 A person .. who continues to treat me so shockingly familiar. 9 . Comb., as familiar-fond, -mannered adjs. 1857 W. Collins Dead Secret II. vi. iii. 264 The ladies she is familiar-fond with. 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Dcr. vi. xlviii, A coarse, familiar-mannered man. B. sb. 1 . A member of a person’s family or household (obs. in general sense). In the Roman Catholic Church, a person who belongs to the household of the Pope or a bishop, and renders domestic but not menial services. 1460 Burgh Rec. Peebles 9 June (1872) 137 The said Sir Thomas Kenedy was in the Kyngis respit at the byschof of Sanct Andoris has of the Kyngis as famelyar tyl hym. 1536 Sir R. Moryson in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. App. lxxii. 175 We princes wrot ourselves to be familiars to popes. 1541 Becon News out of Heaven Early Wks. (1843) 40 A mans own household and familiars shall be his most enemies. 1548 Hall Citron. 244 b, To him, and his servauntes and familiers a fre and a general Pardon. 1632 Lithgow Trav. vi. 268 Their victuals are brought dayly to them by their familiars. 1885 Catholic Diet., s.v. The nephews .. of a bishop, .in order to be considered his familiars, must render him real service. Ibid., The familiars of the Pope .. enjoy many privileges. b. An officer of the Inquisition, chiefly employed in arresting and imprisoning the accused. 1560 Framrton Narr. in Strype Ann. Ref. I. xx. 239 This done, we took our journey towards Sevil ; the familiar . .and his man well armed, c 1645 Howell Lett. (1650) I. 246 When the said Familiar goes to any house, .all doors.. fly open to him. 1781 Gibbon Decl. F. III. 245 Many of the Castilians, who pillaged Rome, were familiars of the holy inquisition. 1825 J. Neal Bro. Jonathan III. 441 If my familiars have done their duty, he is on his way to the scaffold. 1855 Motley Dutch Rep. 11. iii. (1866) 165 It [the ‘ Holy Office ’J. .having its familiars in every house. transf. 1821 Southey Lett. (18561 III. 227, I do not like to embody myself as a political Familiar. 2 . A person with whom one has constant inter¬ course, an intimate friend or associate. c 1374 Chaucer Booth. 1. iv. 18 For whiche Jung oon of Jm familers not vnskilfully axed Jms. Jif, etc. 1494 Fabyan Citron, vi. cci.208 Hugh Capet . .was his famulyer and chief counceler. 1504 Lady Margaret tr. T. a Kempis ’ Imit. iv. xiii, Thou, my god, art closed & hyd in councell of thy famyliars. a 1569 Kingesmyll Alan's Est. xi. (1580) 70 Thou whom I have chosen..one of my twelve familiars. 1640 Bp. Hall Episc. 11. x. 139 A co-partner and a deare fameliar of.. St. Peter and St. Paul. 1669 Penn No Cross ix. § 10 It weans thee off thy Familiars. 1859 Geo. Eliot A. Bede 14 Retaining her maiden appellation among her familiars. b. One intimately acquainted with (a thing)! 1875 Lowell Wordszu. Prose Wks. 1890 IV. 399 The life-long familiar of the mountains. 3 . A familiar spirit, a demon or evil spirit sup¬ posed to attend at a call. 1584 K. Scot Discov. Witcher, in. xv. 65 A flie, otherwise called a divell or familiar. 1633 Ford Broken H. in. iv, You have..a familiar That posts i’ th’ air for your intelli¬ gence? 1748 Smollett Rod. Rand. (1812) I. 249 She paid me a visit, .to be introduced to my familiar. 1812 Southey Omniana II. 250 The old belief in familiars. 1866 Alger Solit. Nat. Man 111. 152 Our familiar is .. a nimble and tricksy spirit, like Puck. transf. and fig. 1819 Byron Juan 11. xlix, Twelve days had Fear Been their familiar, and now Death was here. 1830 Galt Lawrie T. 1. vii. (1849) 22 garret was alive with musquitoes, domestic familiars. 1836 Backwoods of Canada 51 Vile familiars to the dormitory kept us from closing our weary eye-lids. 1867 Lowell Rousseau Prose Wks. 1890 II. 250 He..keeps a pet sorrow, a blue-devil familiar, that goes with him everywhere. 1867 J. H. Stirling in Fortn. Rev. I Oct. 379 Style, .is one of De Quincey’s familiars. Fantiliarism (famrliariz’m). [f. Familiar a. + -ism.] A mode of expression usual only in familiar language ; a colloquialism. 1765 Patriotism , a Mock-heroic (ed. 2) Index, Fami- liarisms and vulgarisms. 1787 W. Marshall Norfolk 11 . To Rdr. 9, I thought it prudent to do away some of the familiar- isms of the original minutes. 1803 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag.YAV. 506 Would-be. This familiarism deserved record. t Fainiliarist. Obs. rare. [f. as prec. +-ist.] One who is an authority on familiar spirits. 1726 De Foe Hist. Devil (1840) 246 That learned fainiliarist Mother Hazel. Familiarity (famili|£erlti). Forms: 4 famu- larite, -iarite, familarite, 5-7 familiarite e, -io, -iarte, (5 -yaryte), famyliarite, (6 -tie, 7 -ty, 5 -tye,6 -yaryte),6- familiarity, [a. F .familiarite. ad. I,, familiaritat-em, f. familiaris: see Familiar and -ity.] The quality or state of being familiar. + 1 . The quality proper to the head of a house¬ hold, hospitality. Obs. rare. a 1483 L iber Niger in Ilouseh. Ord. 18 Hardeknoute may be called a fader noreshoure of familiaritie f 2 . The quality proper to a member of the family; hence, behaviour due from a retainer or a familiar friend, devotion, fidelity. Obs. c 1440 Secrecs, Largesse engendrys [familiarite, fiat V s trew seruice. 1526 Pilgr. Perf (W. de W. 1531) 17 b, All this he dyd to gyue us an occasyon of reuerent familiarite. 1548 Hall Chron. 172 The duke of Yorke ledde the Queue I with great familiaritie to all mens sightes. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 116 A man ful of familiaritie and courteous acquaintance. + 3 . Suitableness, fitness (of food, etc.). Obs. 1551 Turner Herbal 1. (1568) M vj a, A certayne. familiaritie that is betwene their natures. X646 Sir T. Browne Pseua. Ep. m. xxi. 159 There is .. required in the aliment a familiarity of matter. 4 . The slate of being very friendly or intimate, friendly intercourse ; intimacy with (a person). c 1450 tr. T. a Kempis ’ Imit. iii. xlii, pese folke comep not .. to pe grace of my iocunde familiarite. 1533 P* EL - lenden Livy 1. (1822) 87 Nocht alanerlie had he familiarite with the saidis princes of Latinis. 1588 J. Udall Demonstr. Discip. (Arb.) 27 The louing familiarity that shoulde be betwixt the minister and his people. 1664 Marvell Corr. Wks. 1872-5 II. 174 The old familiarity and kindness be¬ twixt the two Kings. 1727 De Foe Sysf. Alagic 1. iv. (1840) 111 When this familiarity is once obtained with the evil spirit. 1761 Hume Hist. Eng. II. xxvii. 127 [He] re¬ solved to introduce Wolsey to the young prince’s familiarity. 1880 L. Stephen Pope iii. 61 Pope was not disinclined to pride himself upon his familiarity with the great. b. Undue intimacy. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 163 He [Edward].. his owne moder for suspecte famuliarite and homlynes de¬ prived of al hire goodes. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo s Africa 11. 206 If any of them offer to have familiaritie with their wiues, they punish him most seuerely. + c. concr. A familiar person or persons. Also collect. A circle of intimate friends or connexions. a 1635 Naunton I'ragm. Reg. (Arb.) 43 A Lady of great honour, of the Kings familiarity. 1643 Milton Divorce Wks. 1738 I. 201 The leaving of Parents, or other familiarity whatsoever. 1665 J. Webb Stonc-Heng (1725) 125 Such frivolous Reasons, .as unto all judicious Men, even those of his own Familiarity, are ridiculous. 5 . Close or habitual acquaintance with (a thing) ; constant practical knowledge, habituation. 1601 Shaks. All’s JVellx. ii. 3 When I haue held fami¬ liaritie with fresher cloathes. a 1732 Attkrbury (J.), We contract at last such an intimacy and familiarity with them, as makes it difficult and irksome for us to call off our minds. 1841 Elphinstone Hist. Ind. I. 305 The familiarity occa¬ sioned by the daily sight of its ceremonies. 1854 Brewster Afore Worlds xvii. 256 Our daily familiarity with the ordinary phenomena of life. 6. Absence of ceremony, free or unrestrained intercourse,^/. with inferiors. Proverb, Famili¬ arity breeds, f brings, + creates contempt. c 1380 Wyclif JVks, (1880) 44 Haue fiei so niuche famu- larite or homlynesse. 1477 Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 40 Hyt behoueth a kyng to .. be conuersant amongis them [his people] without ouermoche famylyarite. 1548 Udall, etc. Frasm. Par. John 34 a, Familiaritie bringeth con¬ tempt e. 1599 Minsheu Dial. Sp. Pope Wks. IV. 74 This mode of imitation, in which the ancients are familiarised, by adapting their sentiments to modern topicks. 1807 \V. Taylor i n Ann. Re?>. V. 563 The discussion served to familiarize the words congress, general government [etc.]. 1834 Brayley Graph. \ Hist. Illust. Pref., It was my wish to familiarize Archaeo¬ logical inquiries. b. To give a familiar form to (a name). 1804 W. Irving Life <$• Lett. (1864) I. vi. 94 An invincible propensity to familiarize the names of people. 4. To accustom (a person, one’s mind, etc.) to, + into, or to do (something); to habituate. Now rare. 1646 Sir J. Temple Irish Rebell. 7 They began to. .suffer . .their English followers to familiarize themselves into their beastly manners and customes. 1734 Mem. Geo. PSalma¬ nazar 214 To. .exert my talents in .. familiarising myself to this pretended Formosan language and character. 1830 Herschel Stud. Nat. Phil. 22 By familiarising us .. to walk uprightly. 1833 J. H. Newman Lett. (1891) I. 483 To familiarise the imagination of the reader to an Aposto¬ lical state of the Church. 1848 — Loss Gain 239 Intending to familiarize my parishioners to it by little and little. b. To make (a person or oneself) well ac¬ quainted, or to feel at ease, at home with. a 1687 Petty Pol. A rith. i. (1691) 17 He is familiarized with Hardships and Hazards. 1741 J. Lawry & H. Heaton Athenian Lett. (1792) I. 147 Having familiariz’d myself much of late with the hieroglyphical imagery. 1815 Moore Lalla R. Pref. (1850) 10 To. .familiarise myself with its various treasures. 1856 Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 98 Wolsey. .familiarized Henry with the sense that a reforma¬ tion was inevitable. 1863 Tyndall Heat iii. 61 My object here is to familiarise your minds with the general conception of atomic motion. absol. 1834 F onblanque Engl, under 7 Administr. (1837) III. 23 The first effect may be to startle; but the second will be to familiarise. + 5. To domesticate, tame (an animal). Cf. Familiar a. Obs. 1634 W. Tirwhyt tr. Balzac's Lett. 205 Since we are forced to live among savage creatures, wee had neede .. to familiarise .. them. 1682 Norris Hierocles 35 Which is the method men take to tame and familiarize wild beasts. Hence FamiTiarized ppl. a., FamiTiarizer, one who familiarizes, Familiarizing 1 ppl. a., Familiarisingly adv. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 241 This familiarized Book [Bible]. 1726-7 Swift Gulliver in. vii, I soon grew so familiarized to the sight of spirits that .. they gave me no emotion at all. 1832 Lander Adv. Niger I. v. 215 Their faces had become familiarized to us. 1872 Proctor Ess. Astron. iii. 37 In the less dignified ride of a familiariser he was not successful. 1876 Black Mad-cap V. viii. 73 She would have got familiarised with us, and stayed on in¬ definitely. 1890 J. H. Stirlin g Gifford Led. x. 179 Jehovah, whom German and French Writers have taken of late, degradingly and I suppose familiarisingly, to call Jahve. Familiarly (famrliaili), adv. [f. Familiar#. + -LY *A] In a familiar manner, f 1 . After the manner of a domesticated animal. 1550 Thomas Ital. Gram., Domesticamente , familiarely or homely. 1607 Tops ell Four-f. Beasts (1673) 101 Ptolomeus Philadelphe. .having a hinde-calf. .brought it so familiarly tame, that [etc.]. 1651 W. G. tr. Ctnuel's Inst. 59 If any shall happen to be made tame, and by custome goe fami¬ liarly in and out. 2 . Like one who has an intimate acquaintance (with either persons or things) ; intimately. 14.. Prose Legends in Anglia VIII. 162 Familierly taghte of £e holy goste. 1548 Hall Chron. 66 The kyng of Eng¬ land .. them honorably embraced and familierly kissed. 1675 Hobbes Odyssey (1677) 231 Great Minos..used with great Chronides Familiarly of old to sit and chat. 1748 Hartley Observ. Man 11. iii. 287 Two ill Men can scarce become known to each other familiarly. 1809-10 Cole¬ ridge Friend (1865) 113 Lord Chancellor Bacon, .was fami¬ liarly acquainted with all the secrets of personal influence. 1865 Sat. Rev. 5 Aug. 169/2 The. .desirableness of doctors or lawyers being brought more familiarly together. f b. In a bad sense : With undue freedom. Obs. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks ( 1638)68 Her whom his aged father, .had too familiarly vsed. 3. As an every-day matter or matter of course; commonly, usually. Obs. exc. with words implying knowledge. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 226 Using themselves fami¬ liarly to such foule enormities. 1621-51 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. 11. iii. 77 There be. .too that familiarly drink Sea¬ water. 1674 Boyle Excell. Theol. 11. iv. 178 The familiarly visible stars. 1781 Gibbon Decl. 4- F. III. 202 Scenes with which he was familiarly conversant. 1879 Cassells Techn. Educ. I. 207 The form of crane .. most familiarly known is that which is called the jib-crane. + b. In every-day language or manner, easily. 1561 T. Norton Calvins hist. iv. 69 These two places, which I haue .. familiarly .. expounded. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1673) 266 More .. perspicuously, .and fami¬ liarly. .expressed by them, c 1660 J. Harrington Valerius <5- Publ. To Rdr. (1700' 475 There is nothing .. I so much desire as to be familiarly understood. 4 . Without ceremony, in a free and easy manner, unceremoniously. 1-1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. v. 42 He .. wyth J> ame spak famylyarly. 1568 Grafton Citron. II. 810 [The Duke] ex¬ horted him familierly .. to say whatsoever he thought. 1678 Dryden LimberJiam v. i, We’ll banish all Pomp and Ceremony, and live familiarly together. 1712 Tickell Sped. No. 410 ? 1 She saluted him very familiarly by his Name. 1821 Lamb Elia Ser. 1. Valentine’s Day , Our fami¬ liarly pious ancestors. 1875 T. W. Higginson U. S. Hist. viii. 56 Called familiarly by the name of ‘ Pilgrims ’. Familiarness (famrliaines). [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 1 . = Familiarity 4-6. Now rare. 1612 Brinsley Lud. Lit. 262 The familiarnes of the matter, a 1645 R. Heywood Observ. «$• Instr. iii. Ixii. (1869) 55 Neuer was of familiarnes Contempt esteem’d the proper childe. 1730-6 in Bailey (folio), Familiarness. 1789 Mad. D’Arblay Diary Apr., She does not choose such sort of familiarness. 1854-6 Patmore Angel in Ho. 1. 11. xn. (1379) 251 So near a touch Affirms no mean familiarness. f 2 . Suitableness. Obs. rare. 1617 Hieron Wks. II. 182 The fitness of the rite to repre¬ sent that to which it hath reference, and the familiarnesse of it for their vnderstanding. + Familiary, a. Obs. rare -*. [f. L. type *familiari-us, i.familia: see Family and -ary -.] Pertaining to the control of a family; domestic. 1643 Milton Divorce 11. xxi, It pleas’d God..to make him [Henry VIII] the beginner of a reformation .. by first asserting into his familiary power the right of just divorce. t Fami'lic, ct. Obs. In 7 familique, -elique, -ellick. [f. Family + -10; prob. arising from a misunderstanding of Famelic; cf. med.L. liber famelicus account-book of domestic expenditure, famelica cura domestic management (Pertz Scriptt. XXV. 676).] Pertaining to a family; also, domes¬ tic, familiar. 1660 Waterhouse Arms <$- Arm. 47 Their familique Banners. 1676 Shadwell Virtuoso 11, A domestick animal . .a Mangy Spaniel; and alessfamellick creature, .a Sound Bull Dog. 1684 Otway Atheist 1. i, With as grave, a fatherly, famelique countenance as ever I saw. t Fami lical, a. Obs. rare “ l . [f. as prec. + -ical.] Of or belonging to a family ; family. 1660 Waterhouse Arms «$• Arm. 48 Arms in National Standards, and familical Ensigns or Banners. Familism (fseTnilig’m). Also 7 familyism. [f. L. famil-ia Family + -ism.] 1 . The doctrine and practice of the Familists. 1642 Canne in J. Ball Answ. 1. 112 It is familisme for him to say. .1 will have in my selfe a secret meaning from the rest. 1648 Protest of Ministers in Miall Congregation¬ alism Yorks. (1868) 49 We are resolved .. never to consent to the toleration of.. Familyism .. or any other heresies. a 1716 South Serin. (1717) V. 148 The Devil found it requisite.. to set up his Standard in Familism or Enthu¬ siasm. 1765 T. Hutchinson Hist. Mass. Bay I. 117 His principles were the very dregs of familism. 2 . In Fourier’s socialistic philosophy: The feel¬ ing existing between members of a family; fraternity. 1848 Tail's Mag. XV. 705 The propensity to group em¬ braces love, friendship, ambition, and a fourth passion called familism. Familist (Le-milist). Also 7 famel-, famul-, famylist. [f. as prec. + -1ST.] J" 1 . The head of a family, a family-man. Obs. 1612 W. Parkes Curtaine Dr. 7 Then hath he descended.. from Families to euery particular Famulist. 1615 Bedwell Moham. Imp. 11. § 70 Mohammed was a good familist. 1658 Osborn Adv. Son 70 If you will needs be a Familist, and Marry, + 2 . One of the same family or household. Obs. 1631 Brathwait Whimzies, Zealous Brother 119 Contro¬ versies which he secretly commenceth amongst his owne familists. 1638 Heywood Wise Woman 11. Wks. 1874 V. 304 If you come to live in our house, and be a Familist amongst us. 3 . A member of the sect called the Family of Love ; see Family 7. 1592 Nashe P. Pennilesse B3 Like the Anabaptists and adulterous Familists. 1634 Canne Necess. Separ. (1849) 132 The cursed Familists do hold that religion standetli not in outward things, a 1716 South Serm. (1717) V. 151 See, with what Contempt the Father of the Familists, Henry Nicolas, casts off the Use and Authority of it [Scrip¬ ture]. 1853 Marsdf.n Early Purit. 391 The familists did not escape the watchful vigilance of the privy council. Familistery (fsemilrsteri). rare. [ad. F. familistire, f. famille, f. L.familia (see Family), formed by substituting famili- for the first member of the word phalanstlrc .] The abode of a com¬ munity living together as one family. 1865 Reader No. 145. 399/3 The ‘ Familistery’, or Work¬ man’s Home. 1886 Pall Mall G. 5 Oct. 5/2 Familisteres, reading rooms, museums, .will ensue spontaneously. + Famili'stic, a. Obs. [f. Familist + -ic.] a. Of or pertaining to the Familists or Familism. b. Pertaining to a family or household. a. 1646 Pagitt Heresiogr. (ed. 3) 90 A fourth holds.. Fami- listicke Tenets. 1667 H. More Div. Dial. Schol. (1713) 566 This Man possessed with Familistic dotage. b. 1660 Waterhouse Arms Arm. 42 The certain rise of familisticjue distinctions. 1 Familistical, a. Obs. [f. prec. + -al.] a. = Familistic a.; b. =Familistic b. a. 1653 Gauden Hierasp. 306 They labour .. to turn the solidity of Truth, .into nothing but Familisticall whimseys. 1702 C. Mather Magn. Chr. 11. iv. (1852) 124 The suppres¬ sion of an antinomian and famalistical faction. b. 1660 R. Coke Power Subj. 15 Theological virtues relate to the attaining of Eternal happiness: Moral, Humane, and Familistical, to the conservation of society and peace in their several places. Hence f Famili stically adv. 1653 Baxter Meth. Peace Con sc. 24 [We] put false inter¬ pretations on the plainest precepts of Christ .. and Fami- listically turn them into Allegories. Family (fse'mili), sb. Forms : 5 famylye, (Sc. famyle),5-6 famyll(e, 5-7 familie, 6famelie, -ly, famuly,famylie, Sc. famell, 7 familly, 6- family, [ad. L . familia household, {. famulus servant.] fl. The servants of a house or establishment; the household. Obs. exc. in family of servants. la 1400 Chester PI. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 213 You are my des- ciples, and of my familie, 1641 Disc. Pr. Henry in Hart. Misc. (Malh.) III. 522 His family .. consisted of few less than five-hundred. 1707 Sloane Jamaica I. 46 The pro¬ prietor keeps a large family for its defence. 1722 De Foe Plague (1840) 10 ,1 was a single man. .but I had a family of servants. 1794 Godwin Cal. Williams 39 Mr. Tyrrel.. proposed..to take him into his family, and make him whipper-in to his hounds. f b. The retinue of a nobleman or grandee. Obs. 1548 Hall Chron. 171 b, The Kyng, the Quene with all their familie, shortly folowed. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 45 Na Prelat, Erie, nor Barron..sal ryde with ane greater familie (number) of men and hors. c. The staff of a high military officer or (in India) state official. 1808 Elphinstone Let. 5 Sept, in Colebrooke’s Life 1 .185 Mr. Seton. .waived his right to nominate my family. 1809 Jas. Moore Camp. Spain 72 The Staff Officers of Sir John Moore’s family. 1856 J. W. Cole Mem. Brit. Gen. Benin. War II. viii. 84 The officers of his family .. fell in with the same humour. d. Rom . Ant. A troop, school (of gladiators). 1863 Whyte Melville Gladiators I. 62 You look as if you belonged to the family yourself. 2 . The body of persons who live in one house or under one head, including parents, children, ser¬ vants, etc. *545 Joye Exp. Dan. iv. 48/1, I Nebucadnezar, happye and prosperouse in my familie. 1631 Star Chamb. Cases (Camden) 44 His family were himself and his wife and daughters, two mayds, and a man. a 1729 S. Clarke Serm. (1730) II. iii. 51 Representing, .all Orders of intelli¬ gent Beings, as the Family of God. 1794 Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho ii, I am going to prayers with my family. 1859 Jephson Brittany ii. 10 The difference between people who live in Society and people who live in the family. b. Happy Family : a collection of birds and animals of different natures and propensities living together in harmony in one cage. 1844 in P. T. Barnum Sixty Years Recollections (1889) 120 [At Coventry] we visited an exhibition called the ‘ Happy Family’. 1890 Evening News 4 Dec. 4/5 He was . .on his way home with his ‘ Happy Family ’. 3 . The group of persons consisting of the parents and their children, whether actually living together or not; in wider sense, the unity formed by those who are nearly connected by blood or affinity. Holy Family : see quot. 1S 75. 1667 Milton P. L. x. 216 As Father of hie Familie he clad Thir nakedness. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre’s Stud. A r at. (1799) IIL 589 We pass, through the love of our family .. to love Mankind. 1829 Jas. Mill Hum. Mind (1S69) II. xxii. 218 The group which consists of a Father, Mother and Children, is called a Family. 1875 Tyrwhitt in Did. Chr. Antiq. I. 661 Family —The Holy. The sub¬ ject which bears this title in modern art is generally a group consisting of the Virgin Mother, bearing the Sacred Infant, of St. Joseph, and frequently of the younger St. John Baptist and occasionally of St. Elizabeth. b. A person’s children regarded collectively. 1732 Pope Ep. Bathurst 382 Seldom at Church..But duly sent his family and wife. 1876 Miss Braddon J. Haggard's Dau. xxx. 280 ‘ I’m a man with a long fambly.’ Mod. He has a large family. 4 . Those descended or claiming descent from a common ancestor ; a house, kindred, lineage. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vm. iv. 304 Amapg his Kyn and his Famyle. 1513 Douglas ZEneis xi. viii. 136 The famell and kynrent of Volsca. 1581 Marbeck Bk. of Notes 708 Plinie affirmeth also, that..ther was a Famuly that would go vpon a great fire, & not be touched therewith. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, 1. i. 65 Let vs assayle the Family of Yorke. 1599 — Hen. V. 11. ii. 129 Come they of Noble Family? 1671 Milton P. I\. iii. 168 By strong hand his [Maccabeus'] family obtain'd. .the crown. 1734 Pope Ess. Man iv. 213 Go ! and pretend thy family is young. i8oa J. Grahame Sabbath (1839) 15/2 Every great merchant and money-dealer wishes to be the founder of what is called a family. 1868 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) II. ix. 268 The abbey of Coventry, .still kept in the family. FAMILY. 56 FAMISH fig. 1775 Sheridan Duenna 11. iii, The beggars are a very ancient family in most kingdoms. b. (Man, woman, etc.) of family : of noble or gentle descent. ci 1763 Shenstone Ess., ExternalFigure Wks. 1764 II. 60 If dress be only allowable to persons of family, it may [etc.]. 1762-71 H. Walpole Vertuc'sAnecd. Paint. (1786) 111 . 32 He .. married a beautiful English-woman of family. 1777 W. Dalrymple Trav. Sp. $ Port, lx, Three troops., each consisting of 200 men, who are all men of family. 1810 Bentiiam Packing (1821) 146 People of no ‘family '. c. In wider sense: A race; a people or group of peoples assumed to be descended from a com¬ mon stock. 1583 Stanyhurst Acneis 1. (Arb.) 25 You to me ful pro- mist . .That Roman famely should spring from the auncetrye Troian. 1842 Prichard Nat. Hist. Man 468 The Tama- nacs, who belong to the same family, live on the right bank of the Orinoco. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. (ed. 5) I . i. 18 By the mixture of three branches of the great Teutonic family with each other. 5 . transf and fig. (with mixed notion of 3 and 4A A brotherhood or group of individuals or nations bound together by political or religious ties. 1611 P>ible Eph. iii. 15 The Father of our Lord lesus Christ, Of whom the whole family in heauen and earth is named. 1650-3 Dissert, de Pace in Phenix (17081II. 348 Of all the Familys and Societys of Christians, they are most hated, a 1865 E. Everett (W.\ The States of Europe were by the prevailing maxims of its policy, closely united in one family. 1875 Manning Mission H. Ghost ix. 253 They [the apostles] subdued the. .Greeks .. the .. Romans, and our. .forefathers into one family. 6. A group or assemblage of objects, connected together and distinguished from others by the possession of some common features or properties. a 1626 Bacon Sylva § 354 There be two Great Families of Things;.. Sulphureous and mercurial. 1731 VorsEp. Bur¬ lington iv'. 96 With all the mournful family of Yews. 1741 Chambers' Cycl. s v. Curves , Family of Curves. 1796 Hutton Math. Diet. I. 353 Family of curves is an assem¬ blage of several curves of different kinds, all defined by the same equation of an indeterminate degree. 1813 Farewell Introil. Gcol. (1815)457 The classification of simple minerals into families. 1875 Fortnum Majolica viii. 65 Persian, Damascus, Rhodian, and Hindus wares, composing a large family. 1875 Whitney Life Lang. xii. 228 We have called a certain body of languages a family, the Indo-European. b. In modern scientific classification : A group of allied genera. (Usually, a ' family 1 is a sub¬ division of an ' order’; but in the 'natural system 9 of botanical classification the two words are, so far as cotyledonous plants are concerned, synonym¬ ous : English botanists chiefly using ' order while in French Jussieu’s term famille is retained.) 1753 Chambers Cycl. Snpp. s.v., The bream and the herring, though very different in genus, may yet be brought into the same Family. 1831 J. Davies Manual Mat. Med. 223 Rest-harro7U, of the family Leguminosse. 1858 Carpen¬ ter Veg. Phys. § 19 Several genera may, in like manner, be united into a family. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. ix. § 1. 325 Family in botany is synonymous with order. 1881 Mivart in Nature No. 615. 337 The order Lacertilia is made up of a certain number of large groups, each of which is called a family, which family is again composed of genera. 7 . Family of love : a sect which originated in Holland, and gained many adherents in England in the 16th and 17th c.; they held that religion consisted chiefly in the exercise of love, and that absolute obedience was due to all established governments, however tyrannical. *579 J- Knewstub (title), A Computation of monstrous and horrible heresies .. embraced of a number, who call themselves the Familie of Love. 1606 Sir G. Goosecappc 11. i. in Pullen O. PI. (1884) III. 38 You are either of the familie of Love, or of no religion at all. 1645-62 Pagitt Heresiogr. (ed. 6) 105 This sect of the family of love, .are so called because, .their love is so great that they may join any congregation. 1667 H. More Div. Dial. Schol. (1713) 568 Being lately informed by an Elder of the Family..that they of their Family that were regenerated .. became Christs. 8. slang. The thieving fraternity. Seen -man. 1749 Bamfylde Moore-Carew (Farmer), No member of the Family. 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Diet, s.v., Thieves, sharpers, and all others who get their living upon the cross, are comprehended under the title of ‘ The Family'. 1838 Glascock Land Sharks II. 100 This house, .was a favourite resort of the Family. II. attrib. ( adj .) and Comb. 9 . Simple attrib ., passing into an adj. a. Of or pertaining to the family or household ; domestic. 1602 Fulbf.cke Pandectes 47 Such familie-seruantes or retinue as to be agreeable .. to his dignitie. 1641 Hinde J. Bruen 06 This Gentleman knew right well, that family exercises were the very goads and spurs unto godlinesse. 1685 Baxter Paraphr. N. T. Matt. vi. 5 Publick Church Prayer, and Family-Prayer are as great duties as secret Prayer. 1694 F. Bragge Disc. Parables xiii. 438 These Family-devotions at the beginning and close of the day. 1709 Lond. Gaz. No. 4522/2 That Coach was preceded by his Majesty’s Family-Coaches, a 1732 T. Boston Crook in Lot (1805) 23 Such was the crook made in David’s lot, through his family-disorders. 1768 JVontan of Honor II. 178 If this sordid, .family-spirit does not soon meet with an effectual check. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 157 It was a family affair. 1875 Jovvett Plato (ed. 2) III. 329 Tell us something about their family life. b. In tradesmen’s signs, advertisements, and the like; family butcher, grocer, dntggist, etc.: originally one who supplies commodities for household use, as opposed, e.g. to one who supplies them to ships or the army. Fa?nily hotel : one which claims to be especially for the reception of families. c. Of or pertaining to a certain family, lineage, or kindred. a 1715 Wycherley Ess. agst. Pride <$• Ambit., As if nobility consisted alone in being entitled to., have the family plate graved with a coat of arms. 1769 Gray Let. Poems (1775) 365 Ridale-hall, the family-seat of Sir Michael Flem- ing. 1773 Mf.lmoth Cato Remarks 171 Securing to the heir..a sufficient part of the family-estate to support his rank and station, 1803 Beddoes Hygeia x. 59 A family disposition to insanity. 1818 Art Preserv. Feet 200 Some¬ times accidental causes, produce what has been termed a family toe, partly in consequence of its being hereditary. 10 . Phrases, a. hi a (or f the) family way : in a domestic manner ; with the freedom of members of the same family ; without ceremony. Also J* In family ( = F. cnfamilie). 1709 Steele & Addison Taller No. 136 P 1 His Wife is the Daughter of an honest House, ever bred in a Family- Way. 1768 lToman of Honor I. 87 Dining together, in family. 1784 Lett, to Honoria <$• Marianne II. 64 She would .. stay some time with them, quite in the family way. 1789 G. Kf.ate Pclew 1 st. 107 At the house of this Chief they were received quite in a family way. 111809 J. Palmer Like Master like Man (1811) I. 193 You'll find all in the family way. 1854 J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) II. xii. 214 We should have discussed our interests in a family way. 1859 Thackeray Virgin. II. x. 74 Why don’t we ask him and his ladies to come over in a family way and dine with some other plain country gentlefolks? b. (To be') in the family way : pregnant. 1796 Mrs. E. Parsons Myst. IVnrn. I. 90 The Countess was again in the family way. 1840 Lady C. Bury Hist. 0/ Flirt xxvi, Esther is in the family-way. 1875 Jowett Vlato (ed, 2) III. 62 The wives., will have a tine easy time when they are in the family way. 11 . Special Comb.: family Bible, a large copy of the Bible for use at family prayers (its fly-leaves often contain a ‘ family register ’ or record of the birth of children, etc.); family-boat (see quot. 1883) ; family circle, the company of persons and their children, and other relatives and friends, who are inmates in the household ; family coach, a large closed carriage capable of containing a whole family; also, a certain game of forfeits, in which a story of the adventures of a ‘ family coach ’ is related; family-compact, a treaty made in the eighteenth century between the Bourbon dynasties of France, Spain, and the Two Sicilies for common action, esp. against England and Austria ; family- council, a meeting of the members of a family to decide questions relating to their common interest; spec, see family-meeting ; family-disease (see quot.); family-government, ( a ) the government of a family; (b) the system in which each family stands alone as a political unit; family-head (see quot.); family-likeness, a resemblance such as may he looked for in members of the same family; also Jig .; family-living, a benefice in the gift of the head of the family; f family-lovist ff. family of love (see 7) + ist], = Familist 3; family-man, a man with a family; also (a) one who leads a domestic or homely life ; (b) slang a thief; also a ‘ fence ’ (cf. sense 8); family-meeting, in Louisiana and Quebec, a council of at least five relations which meets before a public notary to give advice con¬ cerning a minor or other person; family-picture, (a) a painting representing a family ; (b) a picture handed down as an heirloom ; family-piece, (a) a composition relating to the doings of a family ; ( [b ) =prec. (a) ; family-tree, a genealogical tree. 1781 Johnson Lett. Dr. Patten 25 Sept., This Lexicon . .might become a concomitant to the * Family Bible. 1822 J. Flint Lett. Amen. 73 The craft, called ^family boats. 1883 W. C. Russell Sailers' Lang., Family boats, the name given to smacks worked by members of the same family. 1809 H. More Calebs I. 347 Being agreeable .. in one’s own ^family circle. 1852 E. Warner ICide IP. World 82 They played the Old ^Family Coach. 1761 Hist. Kurope in Ann. Reg. 52/2 The only reply was, that the King of Spain had thought proper to renew his ’family compacts. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., * Family diseases, diseases proceeding from heredity. 1715 De Foe Fam. Instruct. 1. v. (1841) I. 106 We must set up a "family-government entirely new. 1803 Syd. Smith Wks. 1859 I. 29/2 In politics, they appear to have scarcely advanced beyond family-government. 1867 Smyth Sailor sWord-bk., * Family- head, when the stem was surmounted with several full- length figures. 1824 M edwin Convers. Byron (1832) I. 94 In his women, .there is little “family-likeness. 1883 Clodd in Knowl. 24 Aug. 115/1 The family likeness of those Indian folk-tales to those [European ones] given above. 1798 Jane Austen Northang. Abb . (1833* II. vii. 144 It is a * family living. 1883 Reade Many a Slip in Harper s Mag. Dec. 132/2 Joe was ordained priest, took the family living. 1589 Nashe Martins Months Minde To Rdr. Wks. 1883 I. 165, I meddle not here with the Anabaptists, * Famely louists, Machiauellists, nor Atheists. 1788 G. A. Stevens Adv. Speculist I. 221 Gamesters, Gamblers or • Family-men. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Ability Wks. (Bohn) II. 44 'These private reserved mute family-men. 1846 Snowden Mag . Assistant 342 Thieves : Family-men. 1859 W. Collins Q. of Hearts (1875)17 I’m a family man myself, with grown-up daughters of my own. 1856 Bouvier J,aw Diet. U.S. (ed. 6), * Family-meeting . 1762-71 H. Walpole Vertne's Anecd. Paint. (1786) 1 .147 The “family- picture of the consul Mejer. 1712 Hughes Sped. No. 525 p 8 One of the most agreeable * family-pieces of this kind 1 ever met with. 1762-71 H. Walpole Vertne’s Anecd. Paint. (1786) II. 192 Mr. Willett, .has a small family-piece of Dr. Hibbard, physician, his wife and five children. 1826 Scott Provinc. Antiq., Selon Chapel, It is a family-piece, com¬ prehending the Lord Seton, his lady, and four children, painted..by Sir A. More. 1864 Thackeray D. Duval \. (1869) 1, I once drew a fine “family tree of my ancestors. Fa*milyish, a. [f. as prec. + -ish.] In nonce- uses : a. Recalling family associations, b. Ex¬ hibiting the full force of family ties, 'clannish \ 1824 New Monthly Mag. XI. 439 Snooksville had a very familyish sound. 1891 Harper s Mag. Aug. 420/2 They’re a very familyish sort of family. Famine fse*min)* Forms: 4-6 fam in, famyn(e, 4 - famine, [a. F .famine = Pr. faminaf. late L. type *famina , f. fames hunger.] 1. Extreme and general scarcity of food, in a town, country, etc. ; an instance of this, a period of extreme and general dearth. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. vii. 309 Famyn schal a-Ryse porw Flodes and foul weder. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vi. clxxxvi. 186 By reason wherof ensued a great famyne. 1555 Eden Decades 20 The violent famine dyd frustrate all these ap- poyntmentes. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. 11. xxvii. 157 If in a great famine he take the food by force. 1776 Gibbon Decl. «*$- F. I. 285 A long and general famine was a calamity of a more serious kind, i860 Emerson Cond. Life, Fate Wks. (Bohn) II. 315 Famine, .war. .and effete races, must be reckoned calculable parts of the system of the world. fig. 1644 Milton A reop. (Arb.) 72 Should ye., bring a fam in upon our minds, b. personified. 1610 Histrio-m. vi. 16 Thin Famine needs must follow Poverty. 1784 Cowpkr Task 11. 185 He calls for Famine, and the meagre fiend, .taints the golden ear. 2. transf. An extreme dearth or scarcity of some¬ thing specified, material or immaterial. 1611 Bible Amos viii. ir, I will send a famine in the land, not a famine .of bread..but of hearing the words of the Lord. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 184 'These negroes . .have no famine of Natures gifts and blessings. 1681 R. Knox 19 Years' Captivity in Arb. Garner I. 400, I .. lamented under the famine of God’s Word and Sacraments. 1888 IP Pool Daily Post 26 June 4/8 The threatened water famine. 1889 Pall MallG. 7 Nov. 3/3 The perennial talk of an ivory famine has as yet come to nothing. 3. Want of food, hunger; hence, starvation. c 1386 Chaucer Pard. T. 123 And schold hir children sterve for famyn. c 1450 Merlin 224 The Citee .. was right stronge, that nothynge ne dowted, saf only for famyn. 1586 T. B. La Prim and. Fr. Acad. 510 Th^t ancient and usuall punishment of famine. 1605 Shaks. Macb. v. v. 40 If thou speak’st false, Vpon the next Tree shall thou hang aliueTill Famine cling thee. 1773 Observ. Slate Poor 8 More really die of famine than those who are found. 1837 W. Irving Capt. Bonneville III. 101 Their horses, .had recovered from past famine and fatigue. 4. Violent appetite, as of a famished person; chiefly fig. 1393 Gowf.r Con/. III. 32 Of love the famine I fonde .. To fede. 1600 Dekker Fortunatus Wks. 1873 I. 169 The famine of base gold Hath made your soules to murders hands be sold. 1667 Milton P. L. 11. 847 Death Grinnd hor¬ rible a gastly smile, to hear His famine should be fill’d. 1858 Middleton Shelley 1 . xvii. 168 He. .shall never cease thirsting, but, striving ever to quench his thirst . .shall only render it so much the more the famine of his nature. 5. Comb. : a. simple attributive, vis famine-blight, - prices , -wolf\ b. instrumental, as famine-hollowed , -pinched', famine-bread, a species of lichen {Uw- bilicaria arcticd ); famine-fever, (a) typhus; (/>) relapsing fever. 1845 Mrs. Norton Child of Islands (1846) iii “Famine- blights that swept from east to west. 1887 Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) XXII. 409 'The so-called ‘ - famine-bread’.. which lias maintained the life of so many arctic travellers. 1876 Ouida Winter City iii. 45 Is it not a “famine fever which never comes near a well-laden table ? 1877 Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 132 Relapsing fever prevails gen¬ erally during periods of famine, and has hence been called famine-fever. 1822 Byron Werner 1. i. 119 This, .“famine- hollow'd brow. 1856 Kane Arct. Expi. II. xxi. 206 These “famine-pinched wanderers of the ice. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Wealth Wks. (Bohn) 11 . 75 Bread rose to “famine- prices. 1891 Pall Mall G. 30 Sept. 7/1 Russia at present is. .anxious to muzzle the ' famine wolf. t Fa-mine, v. Obs. [f. prec. sb.] 1. trans. To distress with famine; to kill or sub¬ due with hunger; to starve. 1520 Cax ton's Chron. Eng. vi. 69 b/2 He was put in the castell Aungell, and was famyned to dethe. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccccviii. 711 The flemynges thought by this siege to famyne them within. 2. intr. To suffer, or die of, hunger; to starve. 1553 Eden Treat. Newe Iud. (Arb.) 31 For wante of vitayles and foode, they begonne to famyne. 1596 Bell Sum'. Popery 111. x. 412 It grieueth him to behold others famine. Hence f Famined ppl. a. Obs. rare. 1622 H. Sydenham Ser/n. Sol. Occ. (1637) 178 Rather., than sacrifice the remainder of a famin’d body to an hon¬ ourable death. Famish (femij), v. Forms : 5-6 famyssh, (5 -ysch, 6 -esh, -eszsh, -ishe, -issh, -ysh), 6- famish. [alteration of Fame vi-, after vbs. in -ish, Cf. AffAMISH.] FAMISHED. 57 FAMULARY. 1 . trans . To reduce to the extremities of famine and hunger ; to starve. Also, + To famish away. a 1400-50 Alexander 1496 pare suld my folk for defaute be famyscht for euire. 1489 Caxton Faytes 0/A. 11. iii. 96 The other cartagiens that kepte the said townes .. were famysshed. 1493 Festivall (W. de W. 1515) 100 Tytus laye so sore to the cyte that he famysshed theym. 1535 Cover- dale, Joel i. 20 The shepe are fameszshed awaye. 15^3 Shaks. 2 Hen. V /, 1. iii. 175, I danc’t attendance on his will Till Paris was besieg’d, famisht, and lost. 1659 B. Harris Farival's Iron Age 91 Spinola before Breda, .seeing no means to take it by force, resolved to famish it. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 250 The regicides whom he [Henry IV] hanged after he had famished Paris into a surrender. 1871 R. Ellis Catullus xxi. 3 All .. that shall ever in after years be fafnish’d. Jig. 1546 Supplic. of Poore Commons (E.E.T.S.)64 They would famysh the soules of the residue, c 1645 Howell Lett. (1892) 11 . 379 Some Females .. to feed their Pride .. will famish Affection. 01766 Burke Tracts Popery Laws Wks. 1842 II. 445 Whose quality it is to famish the pre¬ sent hours. 1817 Shelley Pr. Athanase 1. 38 Those false opinions which the harsh rich use To blind the world they famish for their pride. 2 . To kill with hunger, starve to death. Also, To famish to death. < 1440 Bone Flor. 875 So longe logyd the sege there, That they wythynne nere famysched were. <*1533 Ld. Berners Huon 1 . 169 He was nere famyshyd for lake of sustenaunce. a 1649 Drumm. of Havvth. Hist. fas. 1 . Wks. (1711) 5 Robert..had famished to death the king's brother David, in the castle of Falkland. 1720 De Foe Capt. Singleton vii. 130 We were in a most dreadful apprehension of being famished to death. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian vii, Paulo bewailed the probability of their being famished. + b. To deprive (a person) of any thing necessary to life. Ohs. rare. 1667 Milton P. L. xii. 78 Where thin Aire Above the Clouds will, .famish him of Breath, if not of Bread. 3 . intr. a. To suffer the extremity of want of food; to be intensely hungry. Const. for. 1535 Coverdale Isa. ix. 20 Yf a man do turne him to the right honde he shal famesh. 1607 Shaks. Cor. 1. i. 5 You are all resolu’d rather to dy then to famish. 1680 Baxter Answ. Stilling/!. Ixxiii. 93 They.. reproach them as covetous that will rather beg than sin or famish. 1813 Shelley Q. Mab iii. 104 Not one wretch Whose children famish, .rears an arm. 1826 Disraeli Viv.Grey vi. i, One of the most hungry mortals that ever yet famished. Jig. 1844 Browning Colombo's Birthday 1. Poems 1887 II. 183 Sir Chynet, You famish for promotion. + b. To die of starvation, perish from want of food. Also, To famish 7 oith hunger. To famish a dog s death. Ohs. 153° Palsgr. 545/1, I famysshe for honger, je affame. 1551 Crowley Pleas. 4- Pain 260 If the pore famyshed for lacke of fode. 1607 Shaks. Tirnon 11. ii. 91 Thou shalt famish a Dogges death. 1670 Milton Hist. Eng. v. (1851) 217 A small Hand where many of them famish'd. 1683 Dryden Art. Poet?-y iv. 186 Now none famish who deserve to eat. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 118 They had all miserably famished with hunger. Hence + Fa'misher, one who famishes (sense 1) ; Fa mishing* vhl. sh. t Fa*mishing* ppl. a. 1553 Bale Gardiner' s De vera Obed. B j, This hathe ben a famysher of the Kinges souldiours. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon i. 21 It was imprenable but only by famyshynge. 1786 Burke IV. Hastings Wks. 1842 II. 126 Sundry docu¬ ments concerning the famishing, .of the women and children of the late sovereign. 1836 W. Irving Astoria I. 16 Their stomachs injured by occasional famishing. 1577 tr. Bal¬ linger's Decades (1592) 174 Darius .. shutteth vp Daniels enemies in the same denne, to bee torne in peeces by the famishing beastes. 1836 W. Irving Astoria III. 77 The poor famishing wanderers. Famished (fse-mijt), ppl. a. [f. prec. + -ED 1.] In senses of the vb. Also in comh ., as fatnished- looking adj. a 1450 AW. de la 7 W/r(i 868 ) 28 The pore pepille .. lene and famisshed for hunger. 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI, 1. ii. 7 The famisht English.. Faintly besiege vs one houre in a moneth. a 1682 Sir T. Browne Tracts 59 Poor and half famished fellows despised him. 1781 Gibbon Decl. 4- F. III. 167 The famished host of Radagaisus was in its turn besieged. 1828 Miss Mitford Village Ser. ill. (1863) 467 A long, lean, famished-looking boy. 1869 Freeman Norm. Com/. (1876) III. xii. 138 Some rode on famished horses. Jig. 1633 G. Herbert Temple , Longing i, With sick & famisht eyes..To thee my sighs..ascend. 1877 Bryant Poems , Third of Nero ember 1861 vi, Howling, like a wolf, flies the famished northern blast. Famishment (fse-mijment). Now rare. [f. as prec. + -ment.] 1 . The state, condition, or process of being famished or starved ; an instance of this, hungry appetite. Also + a means of starving. £•1470 Harding Chron. xliv. iii, For drede of famyshe- ment He treated with the duke Androgeus. 1563-87 Foxe A. M. 11596) 66/2 Eugenia, .was assailed with, .famish¬ ment in prison. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. i. § 29 Hee caused the Earle by famishment to yeelde vp his Fort. 1667 Answ. West to North 13 The bane of Traflick, and the famishment of the poor Handicrafts man. 1727-36 in Bailey. 1847 A. H. Clough Poems 4- Pr. Rem. (1869) I. 279 The sky. .in Ireland looks upon famishment and fever. 1855 Singleton Virgil II. 107 He with mad famishment, Three gullets opening snaps up that was thrown. + b. fig. Ohs. 1569 Crowley Soph. Dr. Watson i. 206 Not to be per- taker of the mysticall supper at all, is a famishment and death. 1610-xi J. Davies Wittes Pilgrimage'S ij b, Laugh and bee fatt, sith al you touch is gold, Though that foode your Soules famishment affordes, Yol. IV. + 2. = Famine j. Ohs. 1526 Tindale Luke iv. 25 Create fammisshment was troughoute all the londe. 1557 N. T. (Genev.) Mark xiii. 8 Earthquakes, .and famishementes and troubles. Famon, obs. f. of Foeman. t Famo se, a. Ohs. [ad. L. fdmos-us , f. fdma (see Fame).] = Famous. 1432-50 tr. Higdon (Rolls) 1 .181 In whom grete Constantine erecte ij. famose chirches. c 1^9 Pecock Repr. 1. v. 27 Bicause such speche is famose in vce. c 1530 in Pol. Rel. 4- L. Poems (1866) 46 Famose poetys of antiquite. 1562 Register of St. Andrews Kirk Session (1889) I. 182 Befoyr ane curat and famos wytnes. 1581 Mulcaster Positions xxvi. (1887) 103 The famosest knight, of the fellowship. c 1625 Whitelocke Lib. Fam. (Camden) 13 A reader .. that was reputed the famosest in that language about the towne. 1727-36 in Bailey. t Famo se,^. Obs. exc. arch. Also6-7 famoze, 7 famoize. [f. prec. adj.] = Famous zt. 1 . 1590TARLTON NewsPnrgat. (1844) 53 That merrye Roscius .. that famosed all comedies so with his pleasant and ex- temporall invention. 1631 Weever Ane. Fun. Mon. 687 'I he red crosge, by which Saint George the Tutelar Saint of all Englishmen is famozed. ? 1650 Don Bellianis 55 Our Prince, that is no lesse famosed then he. 1845 Hali ivvei.l Fairy Mythology p. viii, Robin Goodfellow was famosed in every old wives’ chronicle for his mad merry pranks. Hence f Famo'sed ppl. a. Ohs. 1583 Stanyhurst Aeneis iii. (Arb.)8o Possesseth Pyrrhus thee spouse of famosed Hector? 1600 Tourneur Transf. Metamorph. lxv, This noble conquest made him famoized. 1613 W. Browne Brit. Past. 11. i. (1772) 27 The halcyon famosed For colours rare. t Famo'sity. Obs. rare—', [ad. Y.famosite, ad. L. famositat-em ill fame, f. famdsus, see Fa¬ mose a.] Celebrity, notoriety, renown. 153S Stewart Cron. Scot. III. no Ane Williame of greit famositie. 1727-36 in Bailey II Famo so. rare—', [It. famoso, ad. L.famdsus see Famose a .] A notorious person. 1663 Flagellum; or O. Cromwell (1672) 9 Fate., had decreed, .unhappy Birth of this Famoso. Famous a. F’orms : 4-5 famows(e, 4-6 famouse, 5 famus, 4 - famous; superl. 6 famoust, 6 - famousest. See also Famose. [a. AF. famous, OF. famous (mod. Y .fameux), ad. L. fdmos-us, f. fdma : see Fame and -ous.] 1. Celebrated in fame or public report; much talked about, renowned. Const, for. Also f famous of renown. a. of persons, their attributes, etc. la 1400 Morte Arth. 3304 Ffamows in flerre londis, and floure of alle kynges. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6421 At mailros boisill’, a famus man. 151a Act 4 Hen. VIII , 91 His moste noble fadre of famouse memorye. 1589 Putten- ham Eng. Poesie 111. xix. (Arb.) 242 The famoust Queene that euer was. 1641 Milton Reform. 1. (1851) 15 The . .Councel of Nicaea, the first and famousest of all the rest. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 111. 191 The .. old Stallion .. Famous in his Youth for Force and Speed. 1756-7 tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) III. 387 The body of this famous cardinal lies at Rome. 1832 W. Irving Alhambra II. 154 The famous Italian singer Farinelli. 1833 Tennyson Blackbird 16 The melody That made thee famous once, when young. b. of things. c 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. 1440 Hipsiph. 4* Medea , This famous tresore. 14.. Epiph. in Tundale's Vis. (1843) 103 To see this ster most famows of renown. 1587 Golding De Mornay xxii. 338 There also was her famousest Temple. 1665 Manley Grotius* Lcnu C. Warres 255 Steene- berg, famous of old for a Harbour. 1674 Boyle Excell. Theol. 1. iii. 83 The famous answer given by an excellent Philosopher. 1748 Anson’s Voy. 1. ii. 16 This Island of Madera, .is famous, .for its excellent wines. 1782 Cowper Gilpin 4 A train-band captain eke was he Of famous London town. 1850 M' Cosh Div. Govt. 11. i. (1874) 117 The three famous laws of Kepler. 1868 Q. Victoria Life Highl. 35 The stream of which [the Tummel] is famous for salmon. 12. Of good repute, reputable. Sc. Obs. 1555 in Balfour Practicks (1754) 145 Twa or thre of his nichtbouris, famous and unsuspect men. 1683 Act Jus¬ ticiary 8 Aug. in Wodrow Hist. Suff. Ch. Scot. (1721) II. 309 For proving of this, adduced several famous witnesses. + 3. In a bad or neutral sense: Notorious. Obs. exc. arch. 1388 Wyclif Matt, xxvii. 16 He hadde tho a famous man boundun, that was seid Barrabas. 1606 Shaks. Ant. 4 * Cl. 1. iv. 48 Menacrates and Menas famous Pyrates. 1680 Morden Geog. Red. (1685) 452 That famous infamous English Rebel Stuckley. 1691 Tillotson Serm. 1 John iv. 9 Sermons 1704 II. 460 I he Death of the Cross, .was the Death of famous [later edd. infamous] Malefactours. 1728 Morgan Algiers I. iv. 160 The Infamously famous Count Julian. 1817 Cobbett Wks. XXXII. 367 A famous false¬ hood, which has appeared in the Morning Post. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. (1872) II. v. ii. 174 Make the name of Mountain famous infamous to all times and lands. + b. Of utterances, etc. ; after L. famosus : Li¬ bellous, slanderous. Obs. 1543 in Balfour Practicks (1754) 537 That 11a maner of man mak, write, or imprent ony .. writingis .. famous or sclanderous to ony persoun. .under the pane of death. 1589 Puttknham Eng. Poesie 1. xxiv. (Arb.) 62 Vntrue and famous libels. f 4. That is matter of common talk ; common, ordinary, usual. Ohs. 1528 Paynf.l Salerne's Regim. B iv, Coler vnnaturall. .is called famous or notable : by reason hit is ofte engendred. 1672 Baxter Bagshaw's Scand. ii. 9 Analogous .. words .. are to be taken in the most common or famous sense. 1680 Morden Geog. Red. (1685) 43 Their mention is very fre¬ quent and famous during the race of the French Kings of the Caroline Line. 1727-44 Lewis Pecocke 17 Taking the word preach in its most famous signification. 5 . Used (chiefly colloq .) as an emphatic expres¬ sion of approval : Excellent, grand, magnificent, splendid, ‘ capital \ 1798 Southey Battle Blenheim 36 ‘ But everybody said', quoth he, ‘That ’twas a famous victory ’. 1836 Backwoods of Canada 141 My Irish maid, .soon roused up famous fires, and set the house in order. 1890 Spectator 6 Sept. 308/2 It is a famous place for a fair. t Famous (flpPmas), v. Ohs. exc. arch. See also Famose v. [f. prec. adj.] 1 . trans. To make famous, fa. To render celebrated, earn celebrity for (obs.). b. Of a writer, etc.: To celebrate ( arch .). 1590 Lodge Euphues* Gold. Leg. in Halliwell Shaks. VI. 11 To famous that house .. shewe thy resolution to be peremptorie. 1622 Peacham Compl. Genii. 74 The wooden dove of Archytas, so famoused .. by Agellius. 1633 Bp. Hall Hard Texts 508 This empire was famoused .. by an eminent King. 1691 Wood Ath. Oxon. I. 465 Men., worthily famoused on this side, and beyond the Sea. 1873 Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. 11. 306 The heroic uncle, whose deeds, .were properly famoused by the boy Homer. f 2 . To cause to be generally reputed for. Ohs. 1614-15 W. Browne Inner Temple Masque 26 From whose continuall store such pooles are fed, As in the land for seas are famoused. 1615 T. Adams Two Sonnes 75 Our eldest, whom we have famoused for our sole and entire heirs. Hence Fa*moused ppl. a. ; Fa mousing vhl. sh. 1606 Ford Honor Tri. (1843) r 5 That famoused trophy. 1607 Rowlands Famous Hist. 5 We toyl so much in other Nations praise, That we neglect the famousing of our own. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 5 ° Men famoused for vertue. Famously (f^’mssli), adv. [f. as prec. + -ly 2 .] f 1 . In a famous or celebrated manner, re- nownedly. Obs. 1579 Fui.ke Confut. Sanders 670 Rome doeth set foorth the merites of Peter and Paule the more famously and ’solemnly. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill , 11. iii. 19 This land was famously enrich’d With politike graue Counsell. 1684 Winstanley in Shaks. C. Praise 400 He became so famously witty. 1727-36 Bailey, Fainously , renownedly. f 2 . In or by common talk ; commonly, openly. Also, in bad sense: Notoriously. Obs. 1553 Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 32 Molucca so famously spoken of for the great abundaunce of swete spices. 1592 Nashe Intercepting of Cert. Lett. G iij, [Stanny- hurst] had neuer been praisd by Gabriel for his labour, if therein hee had not bin so famously absurd. 1630 R. John¬ son s Kingd. 4 - Commw. 277 Which story is famously knowne in Cambridge. 1637 R. Humphrey tr. St. Am¬ brose Pref., It notoriously appeareth, and famously to their eternall infamy brands the Papists. 1701 Grew Cosm. Sacra iv. ii. § 32 They looked on the Particulars, as Things famously spoken of. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. II. xxxiv. 18 The Town is famously infamous for a Semi¬ nary of female Lewdness. t b. Publicly ; so that the fact may be widely known. Ohs. 1563-87 Foxe A. 4- M. (1684) 709/1 The said John Hus shall be famously deposed and degraded from his priestly Orders. 3 . colloq. Excellently, splendidly, capitally. Cf. Famous a. 5. 1607 Shaks. Cor. 1. i. 37, I say vnto you what he hath done Famouslie, he did it to that end. 1671 Lond. Gaz. No. 544/4 The City of Argiers. .is famously carved and painted in her stern, being a new stout Ship. 1746 in Leisure Hour (i88o> 119, I had the terrible mortification of seeing a horse of Willy’s famously beat. 1841 Lytton Nt. 4• Morn. 1. i, I’ve contrived it famously. 1858 Kamsay Remin. v. (ed. 18) 119 We get on famously. Famousness (fi^mosnes). [f. as prec. + -ness.] The state of being famous, f a - The fact or state of being well-known (obs.). b. Celebrity, renown. a. 1605 A. Wotton Answ. Pop. Articles 13 The per- petuall visibility, and famousnesse in the world. 1677 Car\ Chronol. 1. 1. 1. vi. 16 The famousness and long continu¬ ance of the Annus /Equabilis in civil use among them. b. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke i. 27 Not by famousnesse of name, nor portlynesse of life. 1675 J. Smith Chr. Relig. Appeal 1. 28 The future famousness of a Stage-Player. 1726-36 in Bailey. 1801 Mar. Edge- worth Belinda vii, In point of famousness, I’d sport my ‘ Random * against all the books that ever were.. written. 1873 Mrs. Whitney Other Girls xvi. (1876 1 212 She had takerr in the housemaid and small-boy view of famousness. Famp (fomp). Geol. [Of unknown etymology ; originally dial, (north of England).] ‘An indurated wavy calcareous shale * (Phillips) found among limestone rocks. Also attrih.. famp-bed'. 1836 Phillips Geol. Yorksh. 11. 28 On which is a ‘famp’ bed. Ibid., Black beds intermixed with ‘famp ’ and nodules of chert. 1875 Ure Did. Arts II. 325 Famp is a siliceous bed, composed of very fine particles. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., Famp , Newc., soft, tough, thin shale beds. t Fa*mple, v. Ohs. rare— E Irans. Sense un¬ certain; in the context, To put (food) into a child’s mouth. c 1230 Hali Meid. 37 Hu muchel ha schule at eanes in his mu 5 famplen nowSer to muchel ne to lutel. Famulary (lhe*mi//lari), a. rare. [ad. L. famuldris , i. famulus servant: see -ary.] Of or belonging to servants. 1840 G. Raymond in New Monthly Mag. LIX. 245 The famulary group was increased by sundry other servants. 8 FAMULATE. 58 FAN. t Fa’mulate, v. Ohs .- 0 ff. L . famulst- ppl. stem of famuldn, to be a servant, f. famulus servant.] ‘To serve’ (Cockeram 1623-6). + Famulative, a. Ohs. rare-', [f. as prec. + -ivk.] Having the attribute of serving. 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 45 By means whereof.. as they pretend) the divine creative power is made too cheap . .as being famulative alwaies to brutish, .lusts. Famuler, obs. f. of Familiak. t Fa - mulist. Obs. [f. L .famnl-us + -ist. The genuineness of this word is very doubtful. In the Latin registers of Oxford colleges, the designation famulus appended to a name meant sometimes, one of the college servants (who used to be regularly matriculated) and some¬ times a poor student who entered college as a servant to another undergraduate. Most probably fauntlist is merely a blunder for this word | but it may possibly have been jocularly current as an anglicized form of it.] 1818 Todd s.v. Famnlate, The word Fauntlist is in use at Queen's College in Oxford for an inferior member of it. 1846 in Worcester ; and in some later Diets. II Famulorum. [L. genitive pi. of famulus a servant.] The name given to a prayer in the Mass for the Commemoration of the living, beginning ‘ Memento, Doming, famulorum famularumque tuarum ’. < 1380 ? Wvclif Eng. U'/is. (18S0) 134 Here special preiere, as famulorum & benefactorum. — Set. ]Vks. III. 441 pai say furst. .one Famulorum saide of a frere is better pen a Pater noster. 1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) 11 .104 Wei 1 wote that alle 3e gate never a petty, with the pater-noster, but with 3oure famulorum..3c gete many poundes. II Famulus (fe'mi/Ilos). PI. famuli. [I.. famulus servant.] An attendant; csp. on a scholar or a magician. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. (1872) III. tit. iii. 112 The Magi¬ cian’s Famulus got hold of the forbidden Book, and sum¬ moned a goblin. 1852 Thackeray Esmond 1. v, Faithful little famuli see all and say nothing. Pamy, obs. Sc. f. Foamy. t Fa'mylous, a. Ohs. rare. [ad. OF. fameil- Jeux, fame Ileus, f. L. fames hunger] Famished, hungry, starved. c 1475 Partenny 6258 To socour nedy and tho famylous. Fau (ken), sbP Forms: a. 1 farm, (fon, Northumb. form®), 4-7 fann(e, 4- fan. 13 . 5-7 vanne, 7- van. [OF .fann, sir. fern., ad. L. vanit¬ ies, fern., = sense 1 a. Cf. F. van.] 1 . An instrument for winnowing grain. a. A basket of special form (also, earlier, a sort of wooden shovel) used for separating the com from the chaff by throwing it into the air. Ohs. exc. Hist. a 800 Corpus Gloss., Uanna , fon. c 950 Lindisf, Gosp . Luke iii. 17 His fonnse vel windjefonnae. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. ibid., His fann ys on his handa. a 1100 Gerefa in Anglia IX. 264 Fanna, trogas, aescena. r 1386 Chaucer Millers T. 129 St routed as a fifanne large and brode. c 1440 Promp. Pan<. 148 Fann to dense vvythe corne, 1 'annus, 1573 Tusser Husb. (1878) 35 Flaile, strawforke and rake, with a fan that is strong. 1616 Surfl. & Markii. Country Forme 88 The Corne scattered from the Fanne. 1654 Trapp Comm. Ps. xiii. 8 Chaff will get to the top of the Fan ; when good Corn, .liethe at the bottom of the heap. 1718 Pope Iliad v. 612 As when, on Ceres’ sacred floor, the swain Spreads the wide fan to clear the golden grain. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 635 The grain shaken and winnowed by fans. 1889 Elvin Diet. Heraldry p. xlix, Winnowing-basket . .Fan or Vane. 0. c 1450 Lat. Eng. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 570 Capisterium, a vanne [or a Seve]. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 100 Rushes so big, that they will serue to make sieues, rangers, and vans. 1610 Healey Vines' Comm. St. A ug. Citie of God (1620) 239 There was also the Vanne, which is otherwise called the creele. 1725 Pope Odyss. xi. 158 A shepherd., the Oar surveys, And names a Van. 1791 Cowper Odyss. xi. 157 Who shall name The oar. .a van. b. Any kind of contrivance to blow away the chaff; a fanner ; a fanning or winnowing-machine. c 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 325 A Fan is an instrument that by its motion artificially causeth Wind : useful in the Winnowing of Corn. 1677 Plot Oxfordsh. 259 They, .do it. .with the fan at home, I mean the leaved fan ; for the knee fan. . [is] not in use amongst them.. But the wheel fan saves a mans labor. 1707 Mortimer Husb. viii. 117 For the cleansing of Corn, .is commonly made use of.. a Fan with Sails. 1768 Specif, of Meikle < 5 * Mack ell's Patent No. 896 A fan to blow out the gross chaff [in a grain dressing machine]. 1836 Hebert Engineer s Encycl. I. 489 Fan .. a rotative blowing machine, consisting of vanes turning upon an axis, used for winnowing corn. c. transf. and Jig. Sometimes with allusion to Matt. iii. 12. 1559 T. Bryce in Farr S. P. Eliz. (1845] I. 172 When William NicolL.Was tryed with their fiery fan. 1570-6 Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 70 The fire and fan of iudgment and discretion. 1606 Shaks. Tr. $ Cr. 1. iii. 27 Distinction with a lowd and powrefull fan, Puffing at all, winnowes the light away. 1612 T. Taylor Comm. Titus i. 15 He hath sought to purge his floore by sundry fannes of afflictions. 1667 Milton P. L. v. 269 He..with quick Fann Winnows the buxom Air. + d. Applied to things resembling a winnowing fan (sense 1 a) in shape (see quots.). Obs. In the Chaucer passage the word is commonly’ supposed to mean ‘ quintain ’. c 1386 Chaucer Manciple's Prol. 42 Now sweete sire, wol ye Iusten atte flan, la 1500 tr. Vegetius in Promp. Parv. 148 Olde werriours were wont to iuste with fannes, and pley with the pil, or the pale. Ibid., [Young soldiers ought to have] a shelde made of twigges sumwhat rounde, in maner of a gredryn, the whiche is cleped a fanne. e. (See quot. ; = Fanful). dial. 1863 Morton Cycl. Agric. Gloss., Fan (Camb.) of chaff, 3 heaped bushels. 12. An instrument for blowing a fire ; lit. and Jig. 1530 Palsgr. 218/2 Fanne to hlowe with, estoyillon. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. Pref. 10 The contradiction of others is a fanne to inflame that love. 3. An instrument for agitatingthe air, to cool the face, etc. with an artificial breeze, a. A fan to be held in the hand. A common kind, and the one always referred to in trans¬ ferred senses relating to shape, is constructed so as to admit of being folded up in small compass, its form when unfolded being that of a sector of a circle. 1555 Eden Decades 154 A fanne of golde and an Idole. 1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. m. ii, For the least feather in her bounteous fan. 1641 ‘ Smectymnuus ’ Anew. § 2 (1653) 5 Their daughters walking in Cheapeside with their fannes and farthingales. 1727 Swift Gulliver 11. v. 139 The ladies gave me a gale with their fans. 1760-72 tr. Juan <$- Ulloa's Voy. (ed. 3) I. 32 Fans, .made of a very thin kind of palm in the form of a crescent, having a'Stick of the same wood in the middle. 1837 Dickens Ptckw . ii, The widow dropped her fan. 1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 307 The posterior pair [of wings] are folded up lengthways like a fan. 1850 Layard Nineveh xiii. 325 Two eunuchs holding fans over the head of the monarch. + b. —Punkah. Obs. 1696 tr. Du Mont's Voy. Lroant 133 Fans, .hung at the Ceiling. .There is also a small silken cord fasten'd to it, and drawn thro’ a Hole into the Anti-Chamber, where a Servant is placed to keep the Machine playing. These Fans are usually hung over a Couch, or Bed. 4. poet. A wing. [? After It. vanni pi.] a. 1640 Fuller Joseph's Coat ( 1867) 238 The shame-faced birds..Did hold their other fan before their eye. 1700 Dryden Fables, Cock $ Fox 770Then stretch’d his feather’d fans with all his might. 1818 Keats Endym. 1. 764 The fans Of careless butterflies. 0 . 1667 Milton P. L. ii. 927 His Sail-broad Vannes He spreads for flight. 1791 E. Darwin Hot. Card. 1. 163 You [Sylphs] .. the airy surge, Mix with broad vans. 1816 Words w. Poems Sent bn. Reflect, xxv, Ravens spread their plumy vans. 1830 Tennyson Love Death 8 Love . .spread his sheeny vans for flight. 5. Anything spread out in the shape of a fan (sense 3 a); e.g. a leaf, the tail of a bird, the delta at the mouth of a liver, fan-like tracery in a roof. 1599 T. M[oufet] Silkwormes 3 Then fig-tree fannes uppon their shame they wore. 1692 R. L’Estrange Fables ccxxxiv. 204 The Peacock spreads his Tail, and Challenges the Other, to shew him such a Fan of Feathers. 1807 Southey Espriella's Lett. 1. 142 On the upper story live peacocks are spreading their fans. 1815 Rickman in Smith's Panorama Sc. # Art I. 163 The squares were filled with fans, &c. of small tracery. 1856 Miss Mulock J. Halifax i. 6 The large brown fan of a horse-chestnut leaf. 1871 Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (1879) I. vi. 211 A fan of beams, issuing from the hidden sun, was spread out. 1879 Sir G. Scott Led. Archil. II. 218 The interstices between the fans are filled up in various ways. 1883 Daily News 25 June 2/1, I. detect a strain of the tendon in the fan of the off fore-heel. 1884 Dawson in Leisure Hour Aug. 492/1 A great mass of similar matter was projected from it in a fan or delta. 0. 1821 Joanna Baillie Met. Leg., Calum xvi, As the deep vans [of the palm leaf] fall and rise. b. = Fan-light. 1844 Alb. Smith Adv. Mr. Ledbury xxviii. (1886) 85 There was a light over the fan of the door. c. Organ-building (,see quot.). 1880 Hopkins in Grove Did. Mus. II. 598 s.v. Organ, A long arm of iron, called a fan, extending horizontally’ in front of the vertical draw-rods. 6 . A rotating apparatus (analogous to the later forms of winnowing fan : see 1 b) usually consisting of an axle or spindle, with arms bearing flat or curved blades : a. for producing a current of air as a means of ventilation, etc. 1835 Ure Philos. Manuf. 380 The effect of one of Fairbairn and Lillie’s four-guinea fans upon a large factory is truly’ admirable. 1854 Ronalds & Richardson Chem. Fcchnol. (ed. 2)1. 314 A fan, by’which heated and compressed air could be supplied to theash-pit. 1869 E. A. Parkes Prad. Hygiene (ed. 3) 131 A powerful fan is used to drive air into some of the wards. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., Fan , a revolving machine, to blow air into a mine (pressure-fan), .or to draw it out (suction-fan). b. for regulating the throttle-valve of a steam- engine. Also called Jan-govcrnor. 1887 Ewing in Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) XXII. 509 The Allen governor, .has a fan directly geared to the engine. c. in a windmill (see quot.). 1825 J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic Gloss. 776 Fan, small vanes or sails to receive the impulse of the wind, and..to keep the large sails of a smock wind-mill always in the direction of the wind. 1874 in Knight Did. Mech. d. (see quot.) ; also Jan-fly. 1825 J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic Gloss. 776 Fan. .an instrument, .to decrease speed by its action on the air. e. Soap-manuJ. (see quot.). 1885 Carpenter Manuf Soap vi. 158 An important adjunct to a soap-copper, .for preventing the contents from boiling over, .is called a fan, and. .it consists essentially of a rotating paddle, whose blades just touch the top of the boiling mass. 7. a. The flukes or lobes of the whale’s tail. b. Naut. The screw used in propelling vessels ; a single blade of the same. Also attrib . in two-fan . c. Angling. A similar apparatus on spinning-bait. 1785 Specif of Bramah's Patent No. 1478 Fig. 25. A is a wheel..made with fans on its extremity like the water wheel of a mill..The fans will then act as oars and force the ship forward. 1859 J. S. Mansfield in Merc. Marine Mag. (i860) VII. 15 Her engines .. worked a two-fan screw. Ibid. 17 The Prince was supplied with a three- bladed fan. 1867 F. Francis Angling iv. (1880)120 The other end of the brass [of the spinning bait] has fixed on it a pair of wings or fans, on the Archimedean screw principle. f 8. Confused with Fane sbA, Vane. a. A pennon, b. A weathercock. Obs. c 1375 Barbour Troy-bk. 1. 229 With fanny’s ande ban- neres wpone bight Aboue standande. c 1475 Voc. in Wr.- Wiilcker 805 Hie cherucus, a fanne [cf. Promp. Parv. 148 Fane of a stepylle, cherucus\. 1650 B. Discolliminium 49 A red high-crown’d Cap on his head, with .. a Fan or weather-cock on the top of it. 1 9 . The motion of the air caused by or as by a fan. Obs. [Properly a distinct word : f. the Vb.] 1606 Shaks. Tr. «$• Cr. v. iii. 41 The captiue Grecian fals Euen in the fanne and winde of your faire Sword. 10 . attrib. and C omh. a. simple attributive (sense 3 a), as fan-cxercise, -form, -stick (whence fmstick- maker), -wind ; fan-like, -wise adj. and adv.; fan- fashion adv.; (sense 6) as fan-blast, -blower, -house, -shaft, -ventilator, -wheel, b. attributive in the sense of resembling a fan in shape, as fan-coral, -crest, -hoof, -jet, -shell, c. objective, as fan- bearer, -maker, painter, -painting, -/carer ; fan- bearing adj. d. parasynthetic and similative, as fan-crested, -leaved, -nerved, -pleated, -shaped, -veined adjs. a. 1875 Encycl. Brit. III. 552 *Fan blast machines are frequently employed..to urge the fire of steam boilers. 1874 Knight Viet. Mech., * Fan-blower, a blower in which a series of vanes fixed on a rotating shaft creates a blast of air. 1867 Ouida C. Castlemaine (1879) 2 Practising the - Kan exercise. i 8 S 3 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxv. (1856) 319 This expanded, *fan-fashion, as it rose. 1871 Figure Training no The toes..spread widely, and in Tan form, out. 1888 Pall Mall G. 26 Jan. 7/1 The Tanhouse was partly destroyed. 1816 Southey Poet's Pilgrimage iv. 46 Where loftiest trees High o’er the grove their Tan-like foliage rear. 1836 Todd Cycl. Anal. I. 688/1 The arms., are separated one from the other, fan-like. 1875 Ure Did. Arts III. 1069 The fan is driven by a small, .engine K, connected to a crank on the end of the * fan-shaft B. 1686 Loud. Gaz. No. 2149/4 Two ^Fan-sticks, Carved curiously with hollow work. 1761 Gentl. Mag. XXXI. 498 The ladies began to count their fan sticks. 1723 Loud. Gaz. No. 6170/9 Edward Bunn. .*Fan-Stick-maker. 1874 Knight Did. Mech., * Fan-ventilator. 1842 Brandi-: Did. Sc. s. v. Fan, The force of the current created by’ the Tan wheel. » 57 » Banister Hist. Man vn. 94 A Tanwynde to the hart, to coole the same. 1882 T. Foster in Proctor Nature Studies 55 Feathers radiating * fan wise from each of the fore-limbs. Ibid. 56 The fan-wise and rounded arrangement of the wing-feathers. b. 1806 Gazetteer Scot. (ed. 2) 178 Great quantities of sponge and Tan-coral are annually thrown ashore. 1881 Rep. Geol. Expl. N. Zealand 67 This fan-coral bed. 1883 Mollett Did. A rt, * Fan-crest Her., an early form of decora¬ tion for the knightly helm. 1756 Cowper Connoisseur cxxxiv, Mrs. Mayoress .. came sidling after him in an enormous Tan-hoop. 1884 Knight Did. Mech. IV. 326 * Fan-jet, a form of nozzle for watering-pots and engines having a fan or spoon shaped lip. C. 1877 A. B. Edwards Up Nile viii 205 The King, attended by' his Tan-bearers, returns in state. 1596 Dray¬ ton MortimeriadosH), No Apish Tan-bearing Hermophra- dite. 1710 Lond. Gaz. No. 4781/3 Mr. Lewis Fortin, *Fanmaker. 1858 Simmonds Did. Trade , Fan-maker , a manufacturer of ladies’ fans. Fan and Sky-light Maker , a manufacturer of semi-circular windows and glazed roofs. 1723 Lond. Gaz. No. 6188/10 John Gibbons. ."Fan-Painter. 1879 Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) IX. 28 Rosalba Carriera was., a fan painter of celebrity in the 17th century. Ibid., Cano de Arevalo, .devoted himself to Tan painting. 1695 Cibber Love's Last Shift iii, An eternal *Fan-tearer, and a constant Persecutor of Womankind. d. 1799 Barton, Fragm. Nat. Hist.Pcnnsylv. 2 Mcrgns cucnllatus *Fan-crested-Duck. •834 Caunter Orient. Ann. v. 85 The Tan-leaved palm. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fan-nerved ? having the nerves radiating like a fan from one point as in some leaves and insects’ wings. 1892 Pall Mall G. 19 May 1/3 *Fan-pleated bows of lace. 1776 Withering Brit. Plants (1796) IV. 337 Grows exactly like the Boletus versicolor. .^Fan-shaped ; scarcely £ an inch diameter. 1807 Britton Architect. Antiq. I. (King’s Coll. Chapel) 8 They appear in the fan-shaped tracery*, or groining of the inner surface. 1850 Lyell 2nd Visit U. S. 11. 134 The swamp palmetto, .raises its fan-shaped leaves. 1866 Treas. Bot. s. v., * Fan-veined, when the veins or ribs are disposed like those of a fan. 11 . Special comb. : fan-banner, a fan-shaped banner; fan-bonnet, a bonnet so called from its shape; fan-fly = Fan sb. 6d; fan-forge (see quot.); fan-frame (see quot.) ; fan-governor (see Fan sb. 6 b) ; fan-groining, Arch. — fan- tracery, fan-mount [ = Fr. monture d'eventail), the frame upon which a fan is mounted; fan- palm, a name applied to palms having fan-shaped leaves; fan-plant, the palmetto ; fan-print, a de¬ sign printed upon a fan ; fan-shade, a shade for a lamp, etc., in form like a circular fau ; fan- steam-engine (see quot.); fan-tracery, Arch. (see quot. 1842); fan-training, Horticulture, a method of training fruit trees on a trellis or wall, in the form of a fan ; so fan-trained a .; fan-tree, (d) —fan-palm ; {li) a tree spread out in the form of a fan (in quot. attrib.)-, fan-vaulting = fan- FAN 59 FANATICAL. tracery \ fan-window (see quot.); fan-work = fan tracery. Also Fan-light, Fan-tail. 1835 Willis Pencillings I. xviii. 128 The immense *fan- banners of peacocks’ feathers. 1774 IVestm. Mag. II. 484 Black * Fan Bonnets. 1868 Denison Clocks 3- Watches (ed. 5' 28 The simplest of all the methods of regulating the velocity of the train..is the *fan-fly. 1884 Knight Diet. Mcch. IV. 326 * Fan-forge a transportable form of forge and fan. 1884 Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) XVII. 834 The *fan- frame (of an organ] is a set of backfalls having one set of ends close together, usually corresponding to the keys; the other ends are spread widely apart. 1881 C. A. Edwards Organs 71 The communication. .effected by., the fan-frame movement. 1879 Sir G. Scott Led. Archit. II. 222 *Fan groining [is] itself a purely English invention. 1753 Scots Mag. May 215/1 So inconsiderable an implement as a *fan-mount. 1865 Browning Poems I. 22 To carry pure death in. .a fan-mount. 1820 T. Green Universal Herbal I. 284/2 Chamaerops Humilis. Dwarf * Fan Palm. 1839 Mary Howitt Humming-bird 12 They flit about, .through the fan palm tree. 1840 F. D. Ben¬ nett Whaling Uoy. II. 345 Corypha umbraculifera .. Fan Palm.. It resembles the common Fan Palm, or Palmyra, of the East Indies. 1885 Lady Brassey 7 'he Trades 177 It is sometimes called the fan-palm, because travellers use the leaves as fans. 1884 Mrs. Houston Yacht Uoy. Texas II. 11 Frequent tufts of the Tan-plant; as it is here called. i860 Fairholt Costume (ed. 2) s. v. Fan, I have some fan-prints of various similar subjects. 1867 J. Hogg Microsc. I. iii. 160 One of the old-fashioned ^fan-shades will be found useful. 1874 Knight Did. Mcch ., * Fan-Steam-engine. The action of this steam is the inverse of that of the fan. The outer annular casing, .discharges [steam] from its inner surface in tangential jets upon the scoop-shaped blades which are attached to a rotating shaft. 1815 Rickman in J. Smith's Panorama Sci. «$* Art I. 164 We now come to a new and most delicate description of roof, that of *fan- tracery. 1842 Bloxham Gothic Architecture 196 A very rich and peculiar description of vaulting is one composed of pendant seini-cones covered with foliated panel-work, called fan-tracery. 1871 Robinson Londons Horticul¬ turist viii. 325 *Fan-training is chiefly adapted for trees trained against walls. 1880 S. Wood Tree Primer 5 A well-developed ^fan-trained Peach-tree. 1835 Browning Paracelsus v. 138 Light strippings from the fan-trees. 1846 Baxter Libr. Tract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 379 The fruit- tree method [of pruning] in which the plant is spread out in the fan-tree manner. 1835 R. Willis Archit. Middle Ages _ 83 This appears to be the first step towards ^fan- vaulting. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech ., *Fan-window (A rch. \ a semicircular window with radial sash. 1801 Beauties Eng. Wales I. 48 The vast arched roof, .with its volumi¬ nous stones displaying all the elegance of *fan-work. 1833 W. Barnes Gent. Mag. Lib. Tqpog. III. (1893) 314 Four fan-work groins. + Fan, sb . 2 06 s. In 7 farm, phan. A jocular abbreviation of Fanatic. 1682 Nezu News from Bedlam 13 The Loyal Phans to abuse. Ibid. 40 To be here Nurs’d up, Loyal Fanns to defame, And damn all Dissenters on purpose for gain. Fan (fen), v . Forms: 1 fannian, 4-5 south. dial, vannien, vanne, 6 fane, 6-7 fann(e, (7 phan), 5- fan. [f. Fan sb A Cf. F. vauner.] 1 . trails. To winnow (corn, etc.). + Also Jig. c 1000 Liber Scint. lx. (1889) 186 Na fanna[L. 1 'entiles] ]>u be on selcum winde. 1340 Ayenb. 139 Oure lhord ssel uanni his corn ate daye of dome, c 1440 Promp. Pan>. 149 Fanne corne, or ober lyke, vanno. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccclxxxi. 640 Their tenantes ought..to bring home theyr comes, and some to threshe and to fanne. 1631 Gouge God’s Arrows \. § 15. 21 Men when they fan their corne cannot do it so thorowly cleane. 1853 Soyer Pantroph. 42 They take white oats..they are fanned, cleaned, and car¬ ried to a mill. 1884 C. H. Farnham in Harpers Mag. Feb. 400/2 We. .fan grain. absol. 15 .. Hcnv Plowman lerned Paternoster in Hazl. E. P. P. I. 218 He coude eke sowe and holde a plowe.. Thresshe, fane, [etc.]. Jig. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. 1. vi. 177 The loue I beare him, Made me to fan. you thus. 1612 T. Taylor Comm. Titus i. 15 Let vs then..fanne ourselues. 1671 Flavel Fount. Life xiii. 38 Satan will fan thee not to get out thy Chaff. b. To winnow away (chafT ; to drive away or scatter like chaff. Chiefly with away, out. lit. and Jig. c 1430 Two Cookery-bks. 7 pan fan owt b e holys. 1639 Ainsworth Annot. Ps. cvi. 27 To sell their seed among the heathens, and to fan them in the land. 1641 Sanderson Serm. II. 11 They may fan away the chaff from the wheat. 1644 FI. Parker Jus Pop. 67 Phanning out of our way such advantages as the Royalists may seem to lay hold of. 1653 Milton Ps. i. 11 As chaff, which, fanned, The wind drives, so the wicked shall not stand In judgement. 1818 Keats Endym. 1. 818 To fan And winnow from the coming step of time All chaff of custom. c. To sweep away as by the wind from a fan. 1820 Scott Abbot ii, To fan the flies from my ladie’s face while she sleeps. 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 29 Fanning the sere leaf far upon the leas. 1872 Black Adv. Phaeton xxx. 397 You could have fanned her out of the way with a butterfly’s wing. 2 . intr. + To make a fan-like movement; to flap, f Of a bird: To flutter. Of the wind : To blow. Now rare. c 1325 E. E. A Hit. P. B. 457 [pe rauen] fongez to pe fly}t, & fannez on b e wyndez. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.j vii. 25 pe fewle.. fannez with his wenges ay till pe forsaid thinges lie sett on fire. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (\V. de W. 1531) 202 b, With her wynges she fanneth..vnto she haue kyndled in them fyre. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V, iv. i. 212 Fanning in his face with a Peacocks feather. 1671 R. Boiiun Disc. Wind 99 They [winds] begin insensibly to fanne, and agitate the Air. 1699 Dampier Uoy. II. in. 27 These Sea-Breezes do commonly rise in the Morning..in half an Hour’s time., it fans pretty briskly. 1889 ‘ Mark Twain’ Yankee at Crt. K. Arthur I. 67 To feel the cold uncanny night breezes fan through the place. b. To be wafted gently along ; to move as by a gentle beating of the wings, rare. 1622 Wither Mistr. Philar. (1633) 629 Such DowneAsin time of Molting, fanns From the breasts of silver Swanns. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. ix. (1856) 66 We managed to fan along at a rate of two knots an hour. 1874 Johns Brit. Birds 52 The Barn Owl..fans its way onwards with its down-fringed wings. 3. trails. To move or drive (the air) with a fan. Const, dat., also in, upon. c 1440 Gesta Rom. lxxxvii. 408 (Add. MS.) [The ape] toke vp the clothes, and fanned hem wynde. 1594 Marlowe & Nashe Dido iv. iv, Cupids hover in the Air, And fan it in Aeneas lovely face ! 1633 Earl Manch. A l Mondo (1636) 26 Breath, which nature fannes upon it for a while. 1801 Southey Thalaba iv. xv, The birds of heaven. .fann’d around him The motionless air of noon. b. To move like a fan ; to wave. arch. 1637 Milton Lycidas 40 The willows. .Shall now no more be seen, Fanning their joyous leaves to thy soft lays. 1740 Dyer Ruins Rome 374 The gourd and olive fan Their am’rous foliage. 4. To drive a current of air upon, with or as with a fan : a. with the object or effect of cooling. Also To Jan into {slumber). 1605 Shaks. Macb. 1. ii. 50 The Norweyan Banners flowt the skie, And fanne our people cold. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. viii. 23 He made one of his followers to fan me with a ventilow for to refresh me. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 80 ? 3 Fanned into Slumbers by successive Hands of them [Slaves]. 1725 Berkeley Proposal Wks. III. 221 The air in Bermuda is perpetually fanned and kept cool by sea-breezes. 1821 Keats Isabel xxvii, Where Arno’s stream, .still doth fan Itself with dancing bulrush. 1832 Tennyson Elednore 9 Thy bounteous forehead was not fann’d With breezes from our oaken glades. 1863 Mrs. Oliphant Doctor’s Earn., Mrs. Fred..took up her hand¬ kerchief and. .began to fan her. .cheeks. b. with the object or result of kindling a flame ; chiefly Jig. Const, into, to. 1607 Shaks. Cor. 111. iii. 127 Let..Your Enemies, with nodding of their Plumes Fan you into dispaire. 1649 J ER * Taylor Gt. Exemp. 11. Ad. Sec. xi. 27 (Prayer) A coale from thy altar fann’d with the wings of the holy Dove. 1709 W. King O71 id’s Art of Lm'c xiv. 67 By slow Degrees he fans the gentle Fire. 1821 Shelley Hellas 60 Its un¬ wearied wings could fan The quenchless ashes of Milan. 1828-40 Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) I. 146 He [Edward II] employed his ambassadors, .to fan the dissensions between them, a 1859 Macaulay Hist. Eng. V. 102 His almost imperceptible spark of life had been..fanned into a., flickering flame. 1887 C. C. Abbott Waste-Land Wand. iv. 96 The little fire, .was fanned by a passing breeze to a lively flame. 5. Of a breeze, etc. : To blow gently and refresh¬ ingly upon, as if driven by a fan ; to cool; rarely of a person : To breathe upon. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. m. ii. 142 High Taurus snow, Fan’d with the Easterne winde. 1605 Tryall Chev. v. i. in Bullen O. PI. (1884) III. 339 The coole winds have fand the burning Sunne. 1635 A. Stafford Fern. Glory (1869^ 15 Only Zephirus was let loose to fanne the Pinke. 1668 Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. 11. i. 316 The heat of the parts is fanned, cooled and tempered. 1704 Pope Wind¬ sor For. 194 Pants on her neck, and fans her parting hair. 1798 Coleridge Anc. Mar. vi. xii, It fanned my cheek Like a meadow-gale of spring. 1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms 1. 11 The sea, I ween, cannot be fann’d By evening freshness. 1862 Merivai.e Rom. Emp. (1865) IV. xxxiv. 149 Terraces, fanned by cool breezes from the sea. 6. To spread out like a fan. a. trails. Naut. To widen. Also, To fan out (see quot. 1871). b. intr. for refl. To Jan out: to expand in rays. rare. Also Jig. (U. S.) To make a display. a. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., Fanning, the techni¬ cal phrase for breadthening the after part of the tops. Also, widening in general. 1871 Amer. Encycl. Printing, Fan¬ ning Out. .spreading out the upper part of the paper some¬ what in the resemblance of a fan. b. 1592 R. D. Hypuerotomachia 11 A prodigious winged horse.. his wings fanning out. i860 Bartlett Diet. A mcr ., To Fan out , to make a show at an examination. 1861 Thornbury Turner 1 .314 What Orient splendour of colour, fanning out far beyond towards Ithaca. . 7 . slang, a. trails. To beat; to rate soundly, b. To feel, handle. 1785 Grose Did. Uulg. Tongue s.v., I fanned him sweetly, I beat him heartily. 1862MAYHEW Loud. Labour ; (ed. 2) IV. 319 Joe..had fanned the gentleman’s pocket, i.e. had felt the pocket and knew there was a handkerchief. 1887 Tristram in Eng. Illust . Mag. Dea 228. Fan¬ ning them, which in the tongue of coachmen, is whipping them. Fan, irregular pa. t. of Fine, to end. Fan, obs. and dial. var. of Fawn v. t Fa’nacle. Obs. rare ~~ J . [App. meant for a dim. of L. f iiiu/n Fane.] A small temple, shrine. 1594 W. Percy Coelia (1877) 17 One day I went to Venus Fanacle. t Fanal (fe’nal\ Obs. exc. arch. Also 6 fanell, 9 phanal. [a. Yx. fanal, \ C fanale, med.L .finale, fandliSy f. Gr. a v- stem of ipaivtiv to show.] a. A beacon, a lighthouse, b. A (ship’s) lantern. 1471 Ripley Comp. Alch. iv. in Ashm. (1652) 147 As shyneyng fanells. 1632 J. Hayward tr. Biondis Eromena 90 Seeing her with three fanals or lanthornes. 1766 Smol¬ lett Trav. 133 On the right hand..there is an elegant fanal or light house. 1848 Browning Sordello iv. 395 He flashes like a phanal,—all men catch The flame ! || Fanaill (fona/m). Also 6 fanan, -on, 9 fanom. [Corruption of Malayalam and Tamil panam , f. Skr. patia wealth.] A small coin, for¬ merly the usual money of account in South India. No longer used in British India ; in some native states gold and silver fanams are still current; in Travancore the former is worth 5 and the latter f of a rupee. [1510 Varthema. I tin. in Ramusio Navig. (1588) I. 159 b, Batte anchora moneta d’argento chiamato fanon.] 1555 Eden Decades 233 This Fanan, is also a kynde of money which is in value, one ryale of syluer. 1704 Collect. Uoy. (Church.) III. 822/2 A Fanam is only 5 d. tho they have Golden and Silver Fanams. 1792 Garrow in Phil. Trans. LXXXVIII. 409 The stone is..paid for at the Pollam, in the gold fanam. 1803 Wellington in Gurw. Desp. I. 452 Their pay shall be a gold fanam for every day they do not work, and two gold fanams for every day they do. 1883 S. Mateer Gospel in S. India 148 A woman has given 100 fanams to provide two good globe lamps. Fanatic (fance'tik), a. and sb. Forms : a. 6 fanatike, 6-8 -ick(e, 7 -ique, 7- fanatic. 0. 6 phanatik, 6-8 -ic(k, 7 -ique. [ad. L . fdndtic-us, i.fdnum temple: see -atic. Cf. Yx. fanatiquei] A. adj. f 1 . Of an action or speech : Such as might result from possession by a deity or demon ; frantic, furious. Of a person: Frenzied, mad. Obs. 1533 Bellenden Livy iv. (1822) 356 This uncouth and ternbil buschement. .ruschit. .with phanatik and wod cours on thare inemyis. c 1534 tr. Pol. I ’erg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) I. 71 Such fanatike and fond observations. 1626 Minshf.u Ductor{ec\. 2>, Fanatick , mad, franticke, also inspired with a prophetical furie. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1638)221 Some think..the torryd Zone, the fierie sword ; and such other fanatick fancies. 1641 Baker Chron. 148 A fanatick fellow, .gave forth, that himselfe was the true Edward. 1655- 60 Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) 494 ! i Persons Divinely inspired, and Fanatick. 1721-1800 in Bailey. f b. Comb. 1603 Chettle Eng. Mourn. Garment in Harl. Misc. (1793) 202 They are. .proud, fanatick-spirited counterfeits. 2 . Of persons, their actions, attributes, etc.: Characterized, influenced, or prompted by excessive and mistaken enthusiasm, esp. in religious matters. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. iv. (1702) I. 266 The Lord Mayor. .Opposing all their Fanatick humours, .grew to be reckon’d in the First Form of the Malignants. 1659 Bp. Walton Consid. Considered 169 Papists, Atheists, and fanatic persons. 1659-60 Monk Sp. 6 Feb. in Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 303 Be careful neither the cavalier nor phanatique party have yet a share in your civil, .power. a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) I. 215 All our lunatic fanatic Sects. 1704 Swift T. Tub i. 26 The two principal qualifi¬ cations of a Phanatic Preacher are [etc.].. 1774 Pennant Tour Scot, in 1772. 58 The cloisters, .fell victims to fanatic fury. 1850 W. Irving Mahomet x. (1853) 39 The Fanatic legions of the desert. 1883 Manch. Exam. 30 Oct. 5/5 Banded .. in fanatic and violent opposition to the mea¬ sure. B. sb. + 1 . A mad person. In later use: A religious maniac. Obs. c 1525 Robin Hood 160 Fool, fanatick, baboon. 1655 M. Casaubon Enthusiasme 7 One Orpheus, a mere fanatick. 1806 Med. Jrnl. XV. 213 Dr. G[all] gave, .hints how to treat fanatics, by using topical remedies and poultices. 2 . A fanatic person; a visionary; an unreason¬ ing enthusiast. Applied in the latter half of the 17th c. to Nonconformists as a hostile epithet. 1644 Abp. Maxwell Sacrosancta Regum Majestas 44 Gratiagratumfaciens , Saving Grace, as some fanatickes and fantastickes fondly imagine. 1657 John Gaule Sapient. Justif.-w Enthusiasts, Anabaptists, Fanaticks, and Fanii- lists. 1660 Fuller Mixt. Contempt. (1841) 212 A new word coined, within few months, called fanatics, .seemeth well.. proportioned to signify .. the sectaries of our age. 1660 Pepys Diary 15 Apr., Since Lambert got out of the Tower, the Fanatiques had held up their heads high. 1709 Evans in Hearne Collect. 10 Nov., D. Sacheverel .. thunderd .. against y c phanaticks. 1780 Harris Philol. Enq. (1841)430 Henry the Fourth of France .. was unexpectedly murdered by a wretched fanatic. 1859 Kingsley Sir W. Raleigh I. 20 The man of one idea, who works at nothing but that.. sacrifices everything to that; the fanatic in short. 1883 Froude Short Stud. IV. iii. 269 The Jews..were trouble¬ some fanatics whom it was equally difficult to govern or destroy. b. A fanatical devotee of. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 66 Those exploded fanaticks of slavery. C. Comb. 1707 E. Ward Hud. Rediv. (1715) II- ix, To show, tho* conquer'd, they abhor (Fanatick like) all sov’reign Pow’r. 1722 Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) II. vii. 62 Robinson’s mischievous intent to go a fanatick hunting. Hence + Fanaticness Obs., fanaticalness. 1662 J. Sparrow tr. Bchme's Rem. Wks., Complexions 17 Which is Phrenzie, Madnesseand Phanatiquenesse. 1665 J. Sergeant Sure-Footing 108 The denying Tradition is a proper, .disposition to Fanatickness. Fanatical (fanre'tikal), a. [f. prcc. + al ] 11 . Possessed by a deity or by a devil; frantic, mad, furious. Obs. 1568 Grafton Chron. If. 538 A fanatical! Enchaunteresse [Joan of Arc], 1381 Savilk Tacitus' /list. (1612) 82 The /Eduans. .with some of Vitellius Cohortes, discomfited that fanaticall multitude, a 1633 Austin Medit. (1635) 89 Those Phanaticall women of the Gentiles. t b. Characteristic of a possessed person. Obs. 1600 Holland Livy xxx ix. 1031 The men shaking & wag¬ ging their bodies too and fro after a fanaticall fashion. 1603 _ Plutarch's Mor. 1345 Certaine fanaticall cries and voices. 8-2 FANATICISM. 60 FANCY. 2 . = Fanatic a. 2 . 1550 Bale Apol. 96 A Christen mannis obedyence standeth not in the fulfyllyng of fanaticall vowes. 1589 Cooper Admon. 201 The Anabaptists, and some other pha- naticall spirits. 1634 Sanderson Serin. II. 283 That phanatical opinion .. that no ecclesiastical person might lawfully exercise any secular power. 1669-70 Marvell Corr. cxxxix. Wks. 1872-5 II. 307 Fox, a teacher of some fanaticall people in Wiltshire, did conventicle there. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. vi. § 25 As fanatical as any Quietist or Quaker. 1841 Elphinstone Hist. Ind. 11 . 289 The present quarrel originated in a fanatical spirit, which had sprung up, many years before. 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. III. xlvi. 308, I call a man fanatical when.. he . .becomes unjust and unsympathetic to men who are out of his own track. + b. In a weaker sense : Extravagant. Obs. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. v. i. 20, I abhor such phanaticall phantasims. t 3. Of or pertaining to the ‘ fanatics* or Non¬ conformists. 06s. 1678 Hickes in Ellis Orig. Lett. 11. 318. IV. 46 Many of the fanatical party , .hope that the Commons .. will grow jealous of these military proceedings, a 1695 Wood Life (1848) 245 Mr. John Fairclough. .a non-conforming minister, was buried in the fanatical burial place, near the Artillery yard London. 1703 De Foe Shortest lfay with Dissenters Misc. 421 The phanatical Party of this Land. Hence rana tically adv., in a fanatical manner. Fana ticalness, the quality or state of being fanatical; fanaticism. 1672 Cressy ( title ), Fanaticism fanatically imputed to the Catholick Church by Doctour Stillingfleet. 1792 Burke Petit. Unitarians Wks. x. 57 Men. .furiously and fanatically fond of an object. 1833 Keble Semi. vii. (1848) 157 Those who maintain, profanely and fanatically, that the State., ought not to be of any religion. 1856 Froudk Hist. Eng. (1858) I. v. 422 The populace of France were fanatically catholic. 1668 Wilkins Real Char. n. 290 To which the notion of fierceness or fanaticalness is opposed. Fanaticism (fanse tbiz’m . Also 7-8 pha- naticism. [f. Fanatic- f- ism.] t1. The condition of being, or supposing oneself to be, possessed. Obs. 1711 Shaftesb. Charac. (1749) I. 36 Fanaticism, as it was used by the Antients in its original sense, for an ‘ Ap¬ parition ' transporting the mind. 2. The tendency to indulge in wild and extra¬ vagant notions, esp. in religious matters; excessive enthusiasm, frenzy ; an instance, a particular form, of this. 1652 Gaule Magastrom. 153 Were not those the times to broach and vent their fanaticisms and impostures with more licentiousness and impunity ? 1685 Baxter Paraphr. N. J'., 1 John i. 6, 7, Is it not Phanaticism to talk of Fellowship with God? 1769 Robertson Chas. f, VI. vi. 106 The large infusion of fanaticism mingled with its regulations should be imputed to Loyola its founder. 1813 Scott Rokeby vi. xxvii, Dark Fanaticism rent Altar, and screen, and ornament. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. hi. hi. i, This battle of Mountain and Gironde.. is the battle of Fanaticisms and Miracles. 1880 Dixon Windsor III. xx. 197 A sour fanaticism, which he mistook for piety. b. In a weaker sense : Eagerness or enthusiasm in any pursuit. 1855 I! ain Senses <$• Int. 111. iv. § 21 The fanaticism that prompts to endless attempts was found in.. Kepler. Fanaticize vfance'tissiz , v. Also fanaticise. [f. as piec. + -tze.] 1. trans. To infect with fanaticism; to render fanatical, make a fanatic of; to infuriate. 1812 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. LXVXI. 148 The Duke ..accused the parliamentary zealots of having fanaticized the assassin. 1848 Clough Amours de Voy. i. 106 These, that fanaticized Europe, i860 Sat. Rev. X. 357/2 The object is. .to fanaticize the mob against the day of trial. 2. intr. To act as a fanatic. 1715 M. Davies A then. Brit. I. 269 Take heed least a worse Prophecy.. overtake them.. for fanaticizingand reject¬ ing the express Words of Scripture. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. hi. 111. ii, A man..fighting and fanaticising amid a Nation of his like. 1883 Brit. Q. Rev. Oct. 403 He loves humanity as a whole too truly to fanaticise for a class. Hence Fanaticized ppl. a. 1827 Southey Hist . Pettins. I far II. 186 About two hundred, whom the French praised in reality.. .by calling them the most fanaticised, etc. 1873 Contemp. Rev. XXL 912 A party of men honest but fanaticized. t Fanatism. Obs. [ad. F. fanatisme .] = Fanaticism. 1680 Rejt. late Libel on Curse-ye-Mcroz 38 Whimsies, Fancies, Fopperies, and Phanatismes. 1686 Popery Anato¬ mis'd 15 All mixture of Calvinism and Fanatism. 1797 // 1st. in Ann. Reg. 78/2 That was the moment pitched upon to. .reorganize the power of fanatism. 1800 T. Jefferson ]Vnt. (1859) IV. 311 The persecutions which fanatism and monarchy have excited against you. t Fane. Obs. rare — ', [a. OF. fane (mod.F. fatige).'] Mud. 1340 Ayenb. 251 J>e ilke Welle ne ueljr na3t pane fane {printed fauc] ne (re erfc. .of (rise wordle. Fancical (farnsikal , a. rare exc. dial. [f. Fancy sb. + -ic + -ai..] = Fanciful. 1671 True Nonconf. 244 Praying in words, specially ex¬ temporary and various, is .. fancical. 1676 T. Mace Mustek's Monument xxiv. 12S After they have Compleated Their Tuning, They will.. fall into some .. Fansical Play. *864 J. Brown Jeemes 12 * What kind of weaver are you?’ ' I’m in the fancical line ’. Fancied (farnsid),///. a. [f. Fancy v. + -ki> k] 1 . t ormed or portrayed by the fancy; existing only in the fancy; imaginary. 15C8 T. Howell Newc Sonets (1879) 137 Tliier fancied feares. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. hi. xxxiv. 212 By Angel was understood a fancyed Voice. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) II. xvi. 324 The fancied felicity which he enjoyed. 1795 Southey f is. Maid of Orleans in. 271 With eye more dangerous Than fancied basilisk. 1869 Freeman Norm. Coin/. (1876) III. xiii. 307 Supporting their native sovereign in the pursuit of his fancied rights. f 2 . a. Contrived to suit the fancy or whim ; csp. of dress; = Fancy a. 1. b. Artistically designed. Cf. Fancy v. 3 . Obs. a. 1688 Prior Ode Ex. iii. 14 vi, Fancy’d Rules and Arbitrary Laws. 1775 Johnson Let. Mrs. Thrale 21 June, Floating on the Thames in a fancied dress. 1781 Hayley Tri. Temper w. 42 The gracious earl .. Has plann’d .. A fancied ball, a private masquerade. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. II. 612 Striped and fancied silks. 1796 Ned Evans 1 . 02 A casimir waistcoat with a fancied pattern of silk em¬ broidery round the button-holes. b. 1709 Steele Taller No. 142 p 5 His Seals are curiously fancied, and exquisitely well cut. 1782 Miss Burney Cecilia r. iv. The prettiest fancied [buckles] I ever saw. 3. That one has taken a liking or fancy for; favourite. 1589 Warner Alb. Eng. vi. xxix. (1612) 144 A braue Esquire of Wailes, That tide her fancie to his forme, till fancied forme preuailes. 1640 Fuller Joseph's Coat viii. (1867) 185 What the Corinthians spake of their fancied preachers. 1873 Browning Red Cott. Ni. -cap 245 Till beverage obtained the fancied smack. 1887 Daily News 15 Nov. 3/5 Molynoo. .beat the more fancied Bloodstone. 4 . Of an animal: see Fancy v. 9. 1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 249/2 The wide differences ob¬ servable in * fancied ’ animals. Fancier (fe nsiai). [f. Fancy v. + -ek 2 .] One who fancies, in senses of the vb. 1 . One who fancies or imagines. 1828 Macaulay Hal lam, Ess. (1889) 53 People who, in their speculations in politics, are not reasoners, but fanciers. 2 . One who makes tasteful designs. 1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. III. iv. xiv. §11. 203 Their .. most brilliant fanciers were employed in .. embroidering the robe. 3. One who has a liking for, and a critical judge¬ ment in, some class of curiosities, plants, animals, etc. Chiefly with prefixed sb., as in dog-, Jlower pigeon-fancier. 1765 Johnson Shaks. I. 155 Some now call that which a man takes particular delight in his Fancy. Flower fancier for a florist, and Bird fancier {ox a lover and feeder of birds are colloquial words. 1769 S. Paterson Another Trav. II. 1. 152 It is also true that Dutchmen, generally speaking, are fanciers. 1773 Barrington in Phil. Trans. LX H I. 280 Some of the nightingale fanciers, .prefer a Surry bird to those of Middlesex. 1824 W. Irving T. Trav. I. 247 We have oddity fanciers among our ladies of rank. 1859 Sala Tw. round Clock (1861) 167 Dog-fanciers .. in many oases might with as much propriety answer to the name of dog-stealers. 1861 Delamer FI. Card. 34 The fourth year .. the fancier may look out for a prize or two. 1867 Teget* meier Pigeons iii. 25 Numerous varieties of pigeons .. are known to naturalists and fanciers. attrib. 1891 Leeds Merc. 3 Oct. 12/2 A ‘ fancier Judge’. Fanciful (fse’nsiful), a. [f. Fancy sb. + -ful.] 1 . a. Characterized by the possession of fancy (rare), b. In disparaging sense : Disposed to in¬ dulge in fancies; whimsical. 1695 Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth 1. 63 Some fanciful Men have expected nothing but Confusion and Ruin. 1713 Steele Englishman No. 7. 45 A fanciful Fellow.. amuses himself with the Woods and Mountains which he discovers in the Skies. 1727 Pope, etc. Art of Sinking 83 A careful and fanciful pattern-drawer. 1817 Coleridge Biog. Lit. 43 Milton had a highly imaginative, Cowley a very fanciful mind. 1874 Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 6 Fanciful people .. sometimes gave mystical interpretations to the arrangements. absol. 1676 Glanvill Ess. vi. § 6.17 Not only the Melan- cholick and the Fanciful, but the Grave and the Sober. 2 . a. Characterized by or displaying fancy in design ; fantastic, odd in appearance ; b. suggested by fancy ; imaginary, unreal. a 1627 Hayward Edw. IT. 88 How foolish and fanciful! were they [buildings]. 1642 Fuller Holy Prof. St. 11. vi. 71 He affects not phancy-full singularity in his behaviour. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. Pref. (1721) I. 75 With all our fan¬ ciful Refinements. 1767 J. Byron Voy. round World 186 The other circumstances they have mentioned, .appear to be merely fanciful. 1823 Scott Peveril xxxix, The fanciful and singular female, .had one of those faces which are never seen without making an impression. 1828 — F. M. Perth xi, She wears a petticoat.. I would it were, .of a less fanciful fashion. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Touts C xv, A variety of fanciful diseases. 1868 M. Pattison Academ. Org. v. 193 The claims of Art. .cannot be set aside as fanciful. 3. quasi -adv. = Fancifully. *775 Johnson Let. Mrs. Thrale 23 June, I hope you .. were dressed fine and fanciful. Fancifully (fre nsifuli), adv. [f. prec. + -ly 2 .] In a fanciful manner. 1664 H. More Antid. Idolatry To Rdr., What con¬ ceited old man is this..that talks thus phancifully? 1741 Warburton Div. Lcgat. II. 1. iv. § 4. 148 Hieroglyphic symbols fancifully adapted by Analogy. 1801 S. & Ht. Lee Cantcrb. T. IV. 396 Carriages fancifully ornamented. 1809 Pinkney Trav. France 2 Eliab. .fancifully believed himself to be ill-treated. 1885 Sir J. W. Chitty in Law Times' Rip. LI 11 . 80/2 A word newly or fancifully applied. Fancifulness (farnsifulnes). [f. as prec. + -ness.] The quality of being fanciful. 1667 H. More Div. Dial. iv. xxiv. (1713) 347 Some .. suspecting such Interpretations of overmuch Phancifulness. 1677 Hale Prim. Orig. Man. 11. v. 168 Transported with too much fancifulness. 1818 Bp. Horne's Wks. ed. 2) I. Pref. p. xi, Charges him [the bishop] with fancifulness and presumption. 1857 W. Collins Dead Secret v. iii. (1861) 218 A. .fancifulness in her execution of the music. Fancify (farnsifai), v. [f. Fancy sb. + -fy.] trans. fa. To have a fancy for; to like (obs.). + b. To fancy, imagine (obs.). c. To imagine the existence of. d. To make fanciful. 1656 Earl Monm. Adid. fr. Pamass. 441 The prime vertues that she most fancified in her Frenchmen. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) VI. 344 The good she ever delighted to do, and fancified she was born to do. 1890 Sat. Rev. 8 Mar. 291/1 Much study of the ‘ Ivory Gate ’ had .. ‘fancified’ his own views. Hence Fa’ncifled ppl. a. 1845 T rain Hist. Isle of Man II. 359 note, This fancified island has been bound to the bottom of the ocean. Fauciless (fsensiles), a. [f. Fancy sl>. + -less.] Of persons, compositions, etc. : Destitute of fancy. 1753 Armstrong Taste 185 A pert, or bluff important wight, Whose brain is fanciless. 1789 Burney Hist. Mus. IV. 546 These [compositions], .are fanciless, and no more fit for one instrument than another. 1800-24 Campbell Poems , View St. Leonards 52 Who can be So fanciless as to feel no gratitude. 1863 Kinglake Crimea II. 162 Fanciless men. 1868 Browning Ring «y Bk. 1. 144 In this book lay abso¬ lutely truth, Fanciless fact. Fancy (foemsi), sb. and a. Forms: a. 5-6 fansey, 6-8 fansie, -ye, 6-7 fancie, -ye, 6- fancy. / 3 . 6-8 phansy(e, -cie, -cy, 6-9 phansie. [A contraction of Fantasy ; cf. the forms fantsy, pliant'sy under that word.] A. sb. f 1 . In scholastic psychology : = Fantasy sb. 1. [c 1400,1509 : see Fantasy sb. 1.] 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1. vi. (1632)56 Beasts, .in actions of sense and phancie go be¬ yond them [men]. 1722 Wollaston Relig. Fat. v. 101 We know matters of fact by the help of. .impressions made upon phansy. f 2 . A spectral apparition; an illusion of the senses. Cf. Fantasy sb. 2. Obs. [c 1360-1576 : see Fantasy sb. 2.] 1609 Holland A mm. Marcell. xiv. xi. 25 Dreadfull spectres and fansies skreaking hideously round about him. 1659 B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 10 Forrests, where rfVe sometimes heard great illusions, and phancies. 3 . Delusive imagination ; hallucination; an in¬ stance of this ; = Fantasy 3. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. II. 732 The righteous, may have their phancies; they may.. conceive worse of their own estate than reason giveth. 1693 tr. Emilianne's Hist. Monast. Ord. xv. 157 Phancies of a deluded mind. 1727 De Foe Sysi. Magic 1. iv. (1840) 107 The vision appeared to his fancy. 1840 Dickens Barn. Fudge i. That may be my fancy. 1856 Stanley Sinai <$• Pal. ii. (1858) 156 Which . .claims to be founded not on fancy, .but on Fact. 4 . In early use synonymous with Imagination (see Fantasy 4) ; the process, and the faculty, of forming mental representations of things not present to the senses; chiefly applied to the so-called creative or productive imagination, which frames images of objects, events, or conditions that have not occurred in actual experience. In later use the words fancy and imagination (esp. as denoting attributes manifested in poetical or literary com¬ position) are commonly distinguished : fancy being used to express aptitude for the invention of illus¬ trative or decorative imagery, while imagination is the power of giving to ideal creations the inner consistency of realities. Often personified. 1581 T. Howell Denises (1879) 229 The flaming dartes. That Fancie quickly burne with quenchlesse fyre. 1632 Milton IP Allegro 133 Sweetest Shakespeare, Fancy’s child. 1662 Glanvill Lux Orient. Pref. 5 What... dangerous opinions soever their phancies might give birth to. 1676 Hobbes Iliad Pref. (1686) 5 In Fancy consisteth the Sub¬ limity of a Poet. 1712 Addison Spcct. No. 411 P 2 The Pleasures of the Imagination or Fancy (which I shall use promiscuously). 1713 C’tkss Winchelska Misc. Poems 217 Wand’ring Wishes, born on Phancy’s Wings. 1785 Reid hit. Powers 374 Fancy may combine things that never were combined in reality. 1811 Coleridge Lcct. (1856)45 When the whole pleasure received is derived from an un¬ expected turn of expression, then I call it wit; but when the pleasure is produced, .by an image which remains with us.. I call it fancy. 1822 Hazlitt Tabled. II. x. 221 Fancy colours the prospect of the future. 1845 L. Hunt I mag. Fancy 2 Poetry .. embodies and illustrates its impres¬ sions by imagination, or images of the objects of which it treats.. It illustrates them by fancy, which is a lighter play of imagination, or the feeling of analogy coming short of seriousness. 1851 Ruskin Mod. Paint. II. nt. 11. iii. § 7 The fancy sees the outside..The imagination sees the heart and inner nature, and makes them felt. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 39 That ocean-horse in which the poetic fancy of the sea-roving Saxons saw an emblem of their high-prowed vessels, b. A mental image. 1663 Bp. Patrick Parab. Pilgr. 257 The very fancy of them [enjoyments] is delightful. 1798 Coleridge Ode to France i, Oft, pursuing fancies holy, My moonlight way o'er flowering weeds I wound. 5 . Inventive design ; an invention, original device or contrivance. Cf. Fantasy 4 d. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677)223 Adorned with .. fancies of Arabic Characters. 1670 Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Scv. Late Voy. 1. <1711) 57 The model I imagine is to record our Ship. .This Fancy we let alone untouched. 169a R. L’Estrange Josephus' Antiq. xu. ii. (1702) 322 The graving work, .being the Phancy of a Foliage of the Vine, t 1710 C. Fiennes Diary { 1888) 168 Severall good fancy’s of FANCY. 61 FANCY, human and animals. 1867 F. Francis Angling x ii. (1880) 438 This fly [Salmon fly] is Mr. Blackwall's own fancy. + b. esp. in Music , a composition in an im¬ promptu style. Obs. Cf. Fantasia, Fantasy 4 e. 1577 T. Dawson ( title\ The Workes of a young Wyt, trust vp with a Fardell of Prettic Fancies. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, in. ii. 342 He..sung those tunes to the over- scutched huswives that he heard the carmen whistle, and sware—they were his fancies, or his good-nights. 1663 Pepys Diary 27 May, Mr. Gibbons being come in .. to musique, they played a good Fancy. 1691 Wood At/i. O.von. I. 848 He was..much admired for his composition of Fancies of various parts. 1789 Burney Hist. Mas. III. vii. 408 John Jenkins a voluminous composer of Fancies for viols. 1823 Crabb Tcchnol. Diet. I, Fancies , lively little airs. + c. pi. i The ornamental tags, etc., appended to the ribbons by which the hose were secured to the doublet * (Fairholt). Obs. a 1652 Brome Mad Couple Prol., I’ve a new Suite, And Ribbons fashionable, yclipt Fancies. 8. A supposition resting on no solid grounds ; an arbitrary notion. 1471 Ripley Comp. Alch. v. in Ashm. (1652) 149 To know the truth, and fancies to eschew. 1539 Taverner Erasm. Prov. (1552) 18 Menne myght loke upon it, and talke theyr fansies of it. 1590 Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons 25 Rather upon fancie, than upon anie souldiour lyke reasons. 1672 Marvell Reh. Transp. Wks. II. 58 After this I had another phansie ..not altogether unreasonable. 1783 Hailes Antiq. Chr. C/i. ii. 33 This fancy is very ancient, for Orosius hints at it. 1809-10 Coleridge Friend (1865) 142 As wild a fancy as any of which we have treated. 7 . Caprice, changeful mood ; an instance of this, a caprice, a whim. Also cotter, a whimsical thing. 1579 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 86 A foolish madd worlde, wherein all thinges ar overrulid by fansye. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 11. iv. 82 Cardans Mausoleum for a flye, is a meere pliancy. 1676 Lister in Ray's Corr. (1848) 124 The addition of the French names would have been but a fancy. 1717 Lady M. W. Montague Lett. II. xlvii. 40 His wife’s, .expenses are no way limited but by her own fancy. 1787 Bentham Def. Usury i. 2 A fancy has taken me just now to trouble you with my reasons. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 46 The antipathy of the nation to their religion was not a fancy which would yield to the mandate of a prince. 1860-1 Flo. Nightingale Nursing 43 Such cravings are usually called the ‘ fancies * of patients. 1878 Masque Poets 80, I have a fancy we go out to-day. + b. Fantasticalness. Obs. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. i. i. 171 This childe of fancie that Armada hight. 1602 — Ham. 1. iii. 71 Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy; But not exprest in fancie; rich, not gawdie. 1823 Byron Juan xi. xvii, A real swell, Full flash, all fancy. 8. Capricious or arbitrary preference; individual taste ; an inclination, liking, esp. in phrases to have, take a fancy for , to; + to have no fancy with \ to take, catch the fancy of. 1465 Past on Lett. No. 530 II. 243, I have non fansey with some of the felechipp. 1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII c. 21 In case it fortune..the king .. should take a fancie to anie woman. 1553 T. Wilson R/ict. (1580)200 Speake muche, according to the nature and phansie of the ignoraunt. 1577 B. Googe Hcresbach's Hush. in. (1586) 114 b, Hee that hath a fansie to breed Horse. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 11. 315 Each..would interpret the opinions of Mahomet according to their owne fancie. 1662 J. Davies Voy. Ambass. 314 The Persians have a great fancy to Black hair. 1682 Wheler Journ. Greece 1. 36 Phansie took us to see the Fortress. 1700 S. L. tr. C. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 82 The Admiral had a mighty fancy to go over. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 433 The .. tune caught the fancy of the nation. 1866 G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. xxxi. (1878) 533 What could have made Miss Crowther take such a fancy to the boy? 1884 W. C. Smith Kildrostan 86 Have you no fancy To ride the white steeds? t b. spec. Amorous inclination, love. Obs. 1559 Mirr. Mag ., Dk. of Clarence xii, Knowing fansie was the forcing rother, Which stiereth youth to any kinde of strife, He offered me his daughter to my wife. 1579 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 81 Philautus was .. neuer loued for fancie sake. 1596 Shaks. /I Icrck. V. nr. ii. 63 Tell me where is fancie bred. 1712 Arbuthnot John Bull in. iii, * Fancy is free ’, quoth Peg. 9 . Taste, critical judgement in matters of art or elegance. c 1665 Mrs. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson 23 He was. .genteel in his habit, and had a very good fancy in it. 1705 Addison Italy 11 Palaces .. built with an excellent Fancy. 1713 Swift Ccuienus Vanessa , I'll undertake, my little Nancy In flounces hath a better fancy. 1748 C’tess Shaftesbury in Priv. Lett. Ld. Malmesbury I. 72 A buff- coloured damask, trimmed with a good deal of fancy. 1857 Ruskin Pol. Econ. Ant 42 They possess .. sense of colour, and fancy for form. + 10 . 1 Something that pleases or entertains ’ (J.). 1590 Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons 39 All such as are. .not carried with toyes, fancies, and new fashions. 1712 Mor¬ timer Husbandry II. 204 London-Pride is a pretty Fancy for borders. 1721 Cibber Loire's Last Shift iv, A particular nice Fancy, that I intend to appear in. + 11 . An alleged name for the Pansy. Obs. 1712 tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 120 Fancy, in English, is a kind of Violet. 12 . The fancy, collect, for those who ‘fancy’ a particular amusement or pursuit, a. gen. , as applied to bird-, book-fanciers, etc. 1830 De Quincey Bentley Wks. 1863 VI. 57 note, A great book sale, .had congregated all the Fancy. 1889 Sat. Rev. 22 June 772/1 Pigeon-fanciers are called the Fancy. b. esp. The prize-ring or those who frequent it. 1811 Southey Let. 11 Oct. (1856) II. 236 I have fibbed the * Edinburgh’ (as the ‘fancy’ say) most completely. 1848 Thackeray Bk. Snobs xiv. f 1869") 64 Mr. William Ramm, known to the Fancy as the Tutbury Pet. 1873 H. Spencer Stud. Social, viii. (ed. 6) 187 Among leaders of ‘ the fancy’, it is an unhesitating belief that pluck and endurance are the highest of attributes. attrib. i8ix Southey Let. 6 Mar. (1856) II. 215, I am in high condition, to use a fancy phrase. c. The art of boxing ; pugilism. Also, sporting in general. 1820 Byron Let. to Murray 12 Nov., One of Matthew’s passions was * the Fancy ’. 1841 De Quincey Plato's Rep. Wks. IX. 236 When the 1 fancy’ was in favour. 1851 Mayhew Loud. Labour (1861) III. 5 He .. is always .. at home .. to discuss the Fancy generally. 1889 Standard 28 Oct., Modern displays of ‘ the Fancy’. 13 . The art or practice of breeding animals so as to develop points of conventional beauty or excel¬ lence ; also one of these points. Sometimes with qualifying word prefixed, as pigeonfancy. 1889 Sat. Re?'. 22 June 772/2 The peculiar fancy affecting him [the carrier] is to have wattles and excrescences round his eyes and beak. 1889 Standard 23 Oct., The layman uninitiated in the mysteries of ‘ fancy ’. attrib. 1862 Huxley Led. Wrkg. Men 105 Birds which fly long distances, .and are. .used as carriers are not carriers in the fancy sense. 1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 249/2 The less important art of fancy breeding. 1889 Sat. Rev. 22 June 772/2 A pouter graces the frontispiece, using the word ‘ grace ’ in the Fancy sense. 14 . = various combs, of the adj. 1841 Week in Wall Street 82 A very large portion of the stocks termed ‘fancies’, are entirely worthless in themselves. 1851 Beck's Florist 140 Pelargoniums, both ‘ Fancies’ and common kinds, were produced.. Mr. Ambrose’s Fancy, .was . .distinguished. 1862 Times 17 Feb., Ordinary cloths and fancies moved off alike slowly. b. = fancy-roller ; see C 2 b. 1864 Specif Barraclouglis Patent No. 1581. 5 The rollers c are the ‘fancies’ before named. 1873 E. Leigh Cotton Spinning I. 144 The surface of the * fancy’ runs in the same direction as the cylinder only a little faster. 1876 W. C. Bramvvell Wool-Carder {y d. 2) viii. 33 . attrib. and Comb. 1 . General relations : a. Simple attrib. (sense 4) as fancy fit, freak , -7 voof\ (sense 12 b, c) as fancy - lay [see Lay sb.~], 1855 Browning Men <5- Worn., In a Balcony 101 This wild girl (whom I recognise Scarce more than you do, in her “fancy-fit). 1884 — Ferishtah (1885) 4 A “fancy-freak by contrast born of thee. 1819 Tom Crib's Memorial App. 43 We, who’re of the “fancy-lay. a 1845 Hood Irish School¬ master xvi, Weaves a “fancy-woof, Dreaming he sees his home. b. objective, as fancy-feeding, -lighting, -stir¬ ring, -weaving ppl. atljs.; fancy-monger, -weaver. 1599 Sandys Europx Spec. (1632) 162 Their .. ^fancy- feeding flatterers shall all shrinke from them. 1857 Will- mott Pleas. Lit. xxi. 132 The “fancy-lighting damsels of Dryden. 1600 Shaks. A. Y. L. in. ii. 381 If I could meet that * Fancie-inonger, I would giue him some good counsel. 1835 Willis Pencillings II. xlv. 58 The Egyptian bazaar has been my. .“fancy-stirring lounge, a 1845 Hood Compass xvii, To eye of “fancy-weaver Neptune, .seem’d tossing in A raging scarlet fever! 1884 Athenaeum 6 Dec. 725/2 A certain “fancy-weaving dervish. c. instrumental, originative and adverbial, as fancy-baffled , - blest , - born , - borne , - bred , - built , -caught) -driven) fed , formed , framed) -grazing) -guided) -led) -raised ’ - struck, - stung , - woven , *wrought ppl. adjs. 1645 Quarles Sol. Recant, iv. 21 Thy false affections may rise up, and shake Thy/fancy-baffled Judgment. 1759 Goldsm. Polite Learning vii. Wks. 1881 II. 44 The “fancy- built fabric is styled for a short time very ingenious. 1631 T. Powell Tom All Trades 174 The young Factor being *fancy-caught. 1844 Ld. Houghton Palm Leaves 131 They wandered, ’‘fancy-driven. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. lxxxiv. 24 So shall.. pining life be “fancy-fed. 1654 Gataker Disc. Apol. 68 “Fancie-formed pictures. 1647 Crash aw Poems 53 He his own *fancy framed foe defies. 1852 Meanderings of Mem. I. 79 The “fancy-grazing herds of freedom’s pen. 1645 Quarles Sol. Recant, vii. 36 “Fancy- guided motion. 1777 J. Mountain Poetical Reveries (ed. 2) 20 ‘Fancy-lecl th’ ideas ran. 1873 Longf. Wayside Inn , Emma Eginhard 88 Love-letters thought the poet fancy- led. 1798 Sotheuy tr. Wielands Oberon (1826) I. 80 Now, reader, *fancy-rais’d, as swells thy mind. 1773 J. Home Alonzo iv, If we stay here we shall be “fancy-struck. 1822 Hazlitt l'able-t. Ser. 11. vii. (1869) 149 Our ears are “fancy stung. 1785 Warton Ode Nezu Year i. 9 Fable’s “fancy- woven vest. 1801 Lusignan iv. 147 A “fancy-wrought spectre. 2 . Special comb.: fancy-bloke, slang, = Fancy man ; fancy-fit v. trans ., to fit (with a garland) to one’s fancy; fancy-free a.) free from the power of love; fancy-loose a., ready to roam at will; fancy- sick a.) love-sick ; fancy-woman, a kept mistress (cf. Fancy man). 1846 R. L. Snowden Magistrate' s Assistant 344 A “fancy bloak. 1820 Keats Lamia 11. 220 Each, as he did please, Might “fancy-fit his brows. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. 11. i. 164 The Imperiall Votresse passed on, In maiden meditation “fancy free. 1840 Thackeray Paris Sk.-bk. (1869) 98 They walk, fancy-free, in all sorts of maiden meditations. 1850 Mrs. Browning Poems II. 320 My thoughts, .for earth too “fancy-loose. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. 111. ii. 96 All “fancy sicke she is, and pale of cheere, With sighes of loue. a 1704 R. L’Estrange (J.), When we come to the fancy-sick, there’s no cure for it. 1823 Joanna Baillie Poems 219 To thee the lover, fancy-sick, will sigh. 1892 Daily News 1 Mar. 2/4 He brought home a female, whom he introduced as his * fancy woman ’. C. adj. [Developed from the attrib. use of the sb.; scarcely occurring in predicative use.] 1 . Of a design varied according to the fancy; 1 fine, ornamental ’, in opposition to * plain’; as in fancy basket) bread) trimming , etc. Also Fancy dress, Fancy work. a 1761 Gray Lett. Wks. 1884 III. 118 They [wall papers] are all what they [the shops] call fancy. 1788 W. Marshall Yorksh. (1796) I. 116 The fancy farm-houses.. I purposely pass over. 1834 M edwin Angler in I Vales II. 211 He had for field duty two fancy uniforms, a 1839 Longf. Hyperion 11. ix, A very tall man with fiery red hair and fancy whiskers. 1842 Tennyson Vis. Sin 102 Fish are we that love the mud, Rising to no fancy-flies. 1853 Fraser's Mag. June. XLVII. 680/2 A large assortment of fancy breads. 1866 Mrs. Whitney L. Goldthivaite ix, To grow intimate over tableau plans and fancy stitches. 1883 E. Ingersoll in Harper's Mag. June 78/1 ‘ Fancy’ flour differs from the ordinary superfine in that the middlings are ground through smooth rollers. b. Printing, (see quots.) 1871 Amer. Encycl. Printing s.v. Job Letter, Job Letter may be conveniently divided into Plain, Fancy, Text, and Script. 1888 C. T. Jacobi Printers' Voc. 42 Fancy rules , rules other than plain ones of various designs. Fancy types, founts of type of various kinds used for jobbing purposes. c. Of flowers, grass, etc.: Particoloured, striped. 1793 G. Washington Let. Writings 1891 XII. 378 From the fancy grass.. I have been urging for years .. the saving of seed. 1851 Beck's Florist 139 Mr. Ayres shewed his fancy Pelargonium. 1893 Webbs' Spring Catal. fs Webbs’ Fancy Pansy. Ibid. 80 Perpetual fancy Carnation. d. ellipt. That deals in, or is concerned with the sale of, fancy goods. Fancy fair', see Fair sb^ 1 c. 1821 Black iv. Mag. X. 4 Haberdashers and others in the fancy line. 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair 1 , She buys a couple of begilt Bristol boards at the Fancy Stationer's. 1863 J. C. Jeaffreson Sir Everards Dau. 113 A chattel for which a fancy-upholsterer in London would ask a strangely large number of pounds. 1876 WorldY. 17 A fancy-fair is one of the diversions of a London Season. 1885 Bookseller 5 Mar. 317/2 A good Fancy Trade. e. Fancy ball = Fancy dress ball 'sec Fancy dress sb.). 1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy II. 24 A grand fancy ball was to take place at the Argyle Rooms. 1836 Haw¬ thorne Amer. Note-bks. (1883) 34 A Fancy Ball, in which the prominent American writers should appear, dressed in character. 2 . Added for ornament or extraordinary use. 1794 Rigging <$• Seamanship I. 169 Fancy-line is a rope used to overhaul the brails of some fore and aft sails. 1841 R. H. Dana Seamans Man. 104 Fancy-line, a line rove through a block at .the jaws of a gaff, used as a downhaul. 1874 Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 77 To increase the list of fancy and solo stops [in an organ]. b. Fancy roller (in a Carding-engine) : see quots. 1850 Specif. E. Leigh's Patent No. 13027. 2 Thirdly in the employment of a ‘ fancy roller ’ for partially stripping the main cylinder, such roller being only partially clothed with card. 1873 E.Leigh Cotton Spinning - 1 . 144 For heavy carding a fancy roller, which is a roller that overruns the periphery of the cylinder, is sometimes used with advantage . .[It] lifts the cotton that would otherwise get wedged in the wire of the cylinder, and thereby admits heavy carding. 3 . Calling forth or resulting from the exercise of fancy or caprice, a. Of an action : Capricious, whimsical. 1646 Pagitt Heresiogr. (ed. 3) 118 Their own fancy pre¬ sumption they call .. justifying faith, a 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk., Stratford-on-Avon (1865) 330 The Avon, .made a variety of the most fancy doublings. 1821 Blackw. Mag. X. 417 Many a fancy flam was proposed. 1837 Dickens Pickw. xix, As a display of fancy shooting, it was extremely varied and curious. b. Of a price, rent, etc.: Estimated by caprice, rather than by actual value. So fancy stocks (cf. Fancy sb. 14). ^1838 Macaulay Life $ Lett. (1883) II. 28 The fancy price which a peculiar turn of mind led me to put on my liberty. 1848 J. R. Bartlett Americanisms 132 Fancy Stocks. A species of stocks which are bought and sold to a great extent in New York..Nearly all the fluctuations in their prices are artificial. 1874 Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 312 They will give a fancy price for a work by a Leighton. 1874 R. Tyrwhitt Sketch. Club 197 To take a moor at a fancy rent. 1888 T. E. Holland in 1 lines 18 Aug. 8/4 The bombardment of an unfortified town..for the purpose of enforcing a fancy contribution or ransom. c. Of an animal or bird : Of a kind bred for the development of particular ‘ points’ or qualities. Also in Fancy farm : an experimental farm. 1810 Sporting Mag. XXXVI. 10 A great many sorts of fancy-pigeons. 1818 Scott IIrt. Midi, xlii, lo engage him .. to superintend his fancy-farni in Dumbartonshire. 1851 Mayhew Land. Labour II. 54 A dog recommended by its beauty, or any peculiarity.. is a ‘ fancy ’ animal. 1880 Gains- bitrgh Times 20 Feb. in N. IV. Line. Gloss ., ‘What sort of a dog was it?’..‘A fancy dog*. 1881 J. C. Lyell Fancy Pigeons Introd., Fancy pigeons from the lofts of well-known breeders. d. Fancy franchise : one based on an arbitrarily determined qualification (see quot. 1868). 1868 Chambers' Encycl. X. 695/2 The dual vote was early abandpned, and its abandonment involved that of the ‘fancy’ franchises.. they proposed to give votes to all who paid £ 1 annually in direct taxes (not including licences), who belonged to certain of the better educated professions, or who had £50 in a savings-bank or in the funds. 1889 Tablet 21 Dec. 983 Fancy franchises were also abandoned. 4 . Based upon or drawn from conceptions of the FAND. FANCY. fancy (sb. 3), as fancy picture, piece , portrait , sketch. 1800 Mar. Edgeworth Belinda { 1832) II. 2 This picture is not a fancy-piece. ri8n Fuseli Zee/, iv. (1848) 437 The Phantasiae of the ancients, .modern art..in what is called Fancy-pictures, has. .debased. 1844 Whittier Two Processions Prose Wks. 1889 III. 116 The carica¬ ture of our ‘general sympathizers *. .is by no means a fancy sketch. 1870 Emerson Soc, <$• Solit., Art. Wks. (Bohn) III. 20 In sculpture, did ever anybody call the Apollo a fancy piece? 1873 Rogers Orig. Bible i. (1875) 36 We. .look at this wonderful character as a fancy portrait. Fancy (farnsi), v, Also a. 6 fancie, 6-7 fansie, 8 fansy. / 3 . 6 7 phancie, -cy, (6 phansie). [f. prec. sb. Cf. the older Fantasy v.] I. With reference to mental conception. 1 . trans. To frame in fancy; to portray in the mind; to picture to oneself; to conceive, imagine. Also (with notion of Fancy sb. 3), to suppose one¬ self to perceive. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iv. xii. 215 Severall nations and ages do fancy unto themselves different years of danger, a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1840) I. no It [Berk¬ shire] may be fancied in a form like a lute. 1713 Swift Cadenus <$■ Vanessa , She fancies musick in his tongue. 1748 Hartley Observ. Man 1. iii. 327 Fansying to our¬ selves a confused Heap of Things. 1769 Junius Lett. xx. 97 The author is. .nt liberty to fancy cases, ana make, .com¬ parisons. i860 Thackeray Four Georges i. (1862) 31, I fancy a considerable shrewdness, .in his ways. absol. c 1698 Locke Cond. Underst. § 31 If all our Search has yet reach’d no farther than simile..we rather fancie than know. b. with simple complement, or to be : To imagine (a person, oneself, a thing) to be (so and so). 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. in. iv. § 6 Some have fancyed the earth to bee as one great animal. 1696 tr. Du Mont's I ' oy . Levant 61, I fansi’d my self restor’d from Death to Life. 1728 Young Love Fame iii. Wks. (1757) 109 What most we wish, with ease we fansy near. 1833 Ht. M artineau Vanderput S. i. 11 Learning to fancy himself better than lie is. 1856 Kane A ret. Expi. II. xxii. 218, I could have fancied it a walrus. 1869 J. M artineau Ess. II. 64 He fancies himself not in the senate, but on the bench. f c. with inf. as obj. Obs . 1726 J. M. tr. Tragic. Hist. Chcv. de Vaudray 157 He, at last, fancy’d to have found the Mystery of it. 1754 A. Murphy Gray's Inn Journal (1756) II. 194 No. 83, I fancied to myself to see my amiable Country-women engaged in a deep Debate. d. with obj. and inf. or object clause. Also, fTo represent imaginatively. 1551 Br. Gardiner Explic. true Cath. Fayth 137 Fansinge that as one waue in the water thrusteth away an other, so doth one fourme an other. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. <$* Commit). 64 The figure of Europe is fancied to resemble a Queene. 1638 Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. II. 64 Imploy- ments, in which I fancy in my minde, we may spend our time. 1654 tr * Scudery's Curia Politic 5 A device, .which fansied me to passe beyond Hercules's Pillars, a 1682 Sir T. Browne Tracts(1683) 107 He is aptly phanciedeven still revengefully to pursue his hated Wife. 1791 Mrs. Rad- cliffe Rom. Forest x, She almost fancied she heard voices swell in the storm. 1845 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 7 We read Bingham, and fancy we are studying ecclesiastical history. e. In colloq. use often in the imperative as an exclamation of surprise. Also absol. 1834 Medwin Angler in Wales I. 159 Fancy me boxed up in the narrow vehicle. 1859 I jAng Wand. India 13 Fancy we three meeting again in the Himalaya mountains ! 1861 Thackeray Round. Papers , On being found out 126 Fancy all the boys in all the school being whipped. 1881 Grant White Eng. Without $ Within xvi. 388 Fancy, now! [in England] a very common expression of surprise. t f. To fancy out: to represent by an image; to exemplify. Obs. rare’. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. vi. 105 The two later Motions are fancied out unto us, by a Man turning a Crane- Wheel, or Grind-stone 365 times round, while a Worm., creeps once round the contrary way. 2 . To believe without being able to prove; to have an idea that. Frequently in I fancy : I rather think. 1672 Sir C. Lyttelton in Hatton Corr. (1878)99, I pliancy the Dukes match w th y' Archduchesse is a little dulld. 1790 T. Jefferson Writ. (1859) III. 162 This day, I fancy, will determine whether we are to be removed to Philadel¬ phia or not. 1825 Cobbett Rnr. Rides (1885) II. 33 The estate is, I fancy, theirs yet. 1883 F. M. Peard Contrad. xviii, We fancy she is engaged to a Mr. Atherton. 3 . To liken (a thing) in fancy + to ; to transform (it) into. rare. 1646 Buck Rich. III. Dad., I fancy them to our shad- dowes. 1801 Southey Thalaba iv. ix, Hast thou never, in the twilight, fancied Familiar object into some strange shape? 1868 Lowell Witchcraft Prose Wks. 1890 II. 356 The first child that ever bestrode his father’s staff, and fancied it into a courser. 14 . To arrange in or according to fancy, or with artistic taste; to contrive, devise, design, plan. 1624 Massinger Pari. Loi’e iv. ii, Something I must fancy, to dissuade him From doing sudden violence on himself. 1635 Swan Spec. M. v. § 2 (1643) * 3 6 They [painters] fashion diversly according to their skill in phancy- ing the laying of their colours. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav.- (1677) *45 The figure of a Horse preparing to defend himself against a Lion ; but so rarely fancied as gains the Sculptor praise. 1716 Lady M. W. Montague Lett. (1763* I. vii. 32 Furniture .. so well fancied and fitted up. a 1759 Goldsm. The Bee No. 2 On Dress , Clothes .. fancied by the artist who dresses the three battalions of Guards. 1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. I. 298 The mourning Pallasesat the Base 62 of it [a martial Figure] are both well fansied and well adapted. t 5 . To allot or ascribe in fancy. Obs. a 1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary iv. ii, I fancy’d you a beating. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. vi. 23 To fancy wings unto Daedalus. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. lvi. (1739) 103 Fame hath fancied him that Title. 8 . To have a good conceit*of, plume oneself upon , (oneself, one's own actions or qualities \ colloq. 1866 Daily Tel. 20 Jan. 8/1 He ogles, he * fancies himself’. 1886 H. Conway Living or Dead m iii, I was conceited and fancied my game at whist. II. With reference to fondness or liking. t 7. a. To be to the fancy of; to please, b. To attach by ‘ fancy 1 or liking to. Obs. rare. 1566 Painter Pal. Pleas. (1890) III. 431 The sauourous fruict. .fansied the sensuall taste of Adams Wyfe. c 1590 Greene Fr. Bacon (1630) 17 Fast fancied to the Keepers bonny Lasse. 8 . To take a fancy to ; to entertain a liking for; to be pleased with ; to like. a. with obj. a person. (In early use often = to be or fall in love with.) 1545 Udall, etc. Erasnt. Par. Luke i. 54 The people of Israel, .as a people more derely beloued and fansyed. 1568 Grafton Citron. II. 223 She went as simply as she might, to thentent that the king should not phansie her. 1596 Shaks. 'Tam. Shr. 11. i. 12, I neuer yet beheld that speciall face, Which I could fancie, more then any other. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World 1. 1. § 8. 199 Ninus .. fancied her so strongly, as, (neglecting all Princely respects) he took her from her husband. 1663-4 Dryden Rival Ladies 1. ii, I do not think she fancies much the man. 1838 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. I. 95 Carlyle breakfasted withMoore. .and fancied him. absol. 1588 Greene Perimedes 53 Sheepheards can fancie, but they cannot saye. 1601 Shaks. Tiuel. N. 11. v. 29 Should shee fancie, it should bee one of my complection. 1713 Swift Cadenus <$• Vanessa, Five thousand guineas in her purse ! The doctor might have fancy’d worse. b. with obj. a thing; also f with inf as obj. 1598 B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. 1. i, Not to spend Your coyne on euery bable, that you phansie. 1644 Milton A reop. (Arb.) 39 Burning.. what they fansied not. 1669 A. Browne Ars Piet. App. (1675) 24 One phansies.-to draw Pictures by the Life. 1727 Pori:, Sic. Art of Sinking 1 19 Throw all the adventures you fancy into one tale. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xx, Miss Ophelia was uneasy that Eva should fancy Topsy’s society so much. Mod. The patient may eat anything that he fancies. III. 9. To breed (animals or birds); to grow (plants) so as to develop in them conventional * points ’ of beauty. Also, simply to breed. 1851 Mayhew Loud. Labour * 1 . 15 Pigeons are ‘fancied* to a large extent. 1876 [see Fancying vbl. sb. ]. Hence Fancying vbl. sb ., the action of the verb in various senses; also concr. something that one fancies. 1662 Petty Taxes 6 Civil wars are..caused by peoples fansying that [etc.], a 1729 S. Clarke Serm. I. (1738) xl. 252 A childish, .imagination, that God is pleas’d with their .. fansying that they believe the}' know not what. 1758 Franklin Let. Wks. 1887 III. 8 Another of my fancyings.. a pair of silk blankets, a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) II. 184 The fancyings of fancy costumes. 1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 249/2 ‘Fancying 1 is not governed by rules identical with those which regulate breeding for economic purposes. 1889 Athenazum 16 Nov. 667/3 The excellent fancying of the little * genteel 1 colony in Bankside. Fancy dress, sb. 1. A costume arranged according to the wearer’s fancy, usually representing some fictitious or his¬ torical character. Also atlrib. in fancy dress ball. 1770 Mad. D’Arblay Early Diary 10 Jan., I was soon found out by Miss Lalause, who. .had on a fancy dress., much in the style of mine, a 1831 Macaulay Life «$• Lett. (1883) I. 225 The fancy-dresses were worn almost exclu¬ sively by the young ladies. 2. A dress with ornamental trimming. 1826 Disraeli Viv. Grey 1. i, His curly locks, and his fancy dress. Fancy dress, v. rare —1 . trans. To array or clothe in a fancy dress. 1878 Mase fand. Ibid. 24364 Cott.) Hard faand i fiar-of fand. b. a 1300 Cursor At. 25175 (Cott.(pat thornouer cuming o hat faand He mai h e mede haf at last[and]. 1451 Pot. Poems (Rolls) II. 230 Yef the commyns of Englonde Helpe the kynge in his fonde. + Fand, fond, v. Obs. Forms: a. 1 fandian, -i^an, 2-3 fandien, 2-4 fondien, 3-5 fond(e(n, south, dial, vonden, -ien, (3feonden), 3-4faand, (faunde), 4-5 fand(e, Sc. faynd, 4-5 found(e, (5 foond, fownd(e). 0 . 1 gefan-, gefondian, 3i(y)vonden, ifonden. [OE .fandian,gefandian = OFris. fandia, OS . fanddn to tempt, visit (Du. vanden to visit a woman after her confinement), OHG .fanton to visit (the mod.G .fahnden, to raise hue and cry, is commonly believed to be identical in spite of unsolved phonetic difficulties). The pa. t. and pa. pple. occas. appear in contracted forms fond (16th c.\fonte (14th c.).] 1 . trans. To put to the proof, try, test (a person or thing) ; to make trial of (one’s strength, skill); to taste (food, etc.) ; in early use with^iew. c 893 K. /Elfred Oros. 1. xii. § 4 pat paem weorce nanum men ar ne gerise bet to fandianne ponne paem wyrhtan pe hit worhte. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Mark viii. 11 And pa ferdon 3 a pbarisei. .and nis fandedon. c 1205 Lay, 25842 pat he fehten mihte and fondien [c 1275 fondie] hine seolue. Ibid. 30092 Heore maines heo uondeden wel ueole siften. c 1230 Hali Me id. 29 To fonde pe hvveSer pu beo t reowe. a 1300 Cursor M. 2902 (Cott.) Mani man. .pam-self can noper faand [Gott. fonde] ne feil. 1340-70 Alisaunder 107 Now fares Philip pe free too fonden his myght. 1375 Barbour Bruce vi. 618, I wilL.se quhat fors that thai can faynd. ?rti4oo Morte Arth. 3372 Fonde of the fyneste, thow freliche byerne. a 1400 50 Alexander 681 Quod Alexander to pis athill as he his arte ftmdis. c 1460 Towne- ley Myst. 36 My servand I will found and frast. absol. a 1300 Cursor M. 542 pe erth [gis man] pe tast, to fele and faand. b. With sentence as obj.: To prove, try to find out, see. a 1000 Runic Poem 25 (Gr.) Garsec£ fanda 5 , hwcuSer ac ha^bbe seSele treowe. a 1000 Caedmon's Gen. 2410 (Gr.) Ic wille fandijan nu. .hwait pa men don. c 1205 Lay. 2949 Ic wille fondien whulchere beo mi beste freond. c 1250 Gen. rV Ex. 5946 Ic sal fonden and sen Quat tiding so it cam on Se ni3t. ^1300 Harrow. Hell 68 Forte, .fonden how we pleyen here, c 1440 York Myst. xx. 264, 1 schall thynke on pam wele To ffonde what is folowand. c. To examine, scan. 13.. Pearl xv. (Gollancz) Her figure fyn quen I had fonte. d. To ‘ tempt , , ‘prove’ (God). In early use const, gen. after OE. £1175 Lamb. Horn. 93 Hwi iwearS hinc swa pet }it dur- sten fondian godes. a 1300 E. E. Psalter cv[i]. 14 pai fanded God in drines. 1375 Barbour Bruce xii. 364 Thai faynd god all too gretumly. 2 . To endeavour to lead into evil; to tempt, c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 67 He fondede god solf mid his wrenche. C1200ORMIN 5945 He purrh pe lape gast Wass sippenn fandedd pr^ess. c 1275 Passion 28 in O. E. Misc. (1872) 38 For to beon yuonded of sathanas pen olde. 1340 Aycnb. 15 Zuo hep pe dyeuel diuerse maneres. .to uondi pe uolk. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Andreas 167 Scho me fandyt besily To syne with hyr in lichory. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xv. 120 In whiche flood pe feend fondep man. b. In good or neutral sense: To try to induce (to do something). c. 1425 Wyntoun Croti. vi. xviii. 276 He hym fandyde.. of Scotland to tak pe crowne. 3 . a. To have experience of, deal with (a per¬ son) ; to have (carnal) acquaintance with. b. To make experiment with (a thing); to prove, try. c. absol. To have experience (of something im¬ plied). a 1x75 Cott. Horn. 239 God purh his mucele milce ne letes us nefer fandie. C1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 224 Hadde he fonded sume stunde, he wolde seggen o 3 er. c 1320 Sir Tristr. 860 fugling.. Foies thou wendest to fand. a 1330 RolandV. 470 So bard be was to fond. 1340 70 Alisaunder 740 Hee..fonded hur fleshlych or hee fare wolde. c 1420 Pallad. on Ilusb. 1. 1137 But malthes colde in other crafte thou founde. Ibid. 111. 551 Cannetes nowe with craftes may be fande. c 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 741 Marie fande first the avowe of gloriouse maydenhede. 4 . To enquire; to seek, look for; to enquire into (a matter); to search (a place), explore (a track). Also const, of to enquire about, hence, to care for. a 1225 Auer. R. 104 Of smelles. .ne uond ich nout much- el es. £1340 Cursor M. 6441 (Trin.) pis ille folk was wantoun to fonde pat moyses hadde vndir honde. Ibid. 10840 (Trin.) pis aungel setide pe trinite. .Nazareth pe toun to fond, a 1400-1450 Alexander 4871 Uat pan fonde all pe llote fiftene dayis. c 1420 Chi on, Viloa. 640 pey.. vondeden FAND. FANG, }>’ place, and made hit ryde Tyll [etc.], c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. ix. 369 pai fayndyd of pis pe kyngis wille. b. absol. To ask. 1340-7° Alisaunder 1034 Leeue fader..fonde I, mee tell The sterre pat yee staren on sticketh it in heuin. 5. To attempt, try. Const, to with inf. a 1225 St. Marker. 10 j>ene acursede gast pat feondeS to fordo me. 1297 R. Glouc.(i724> 455 5 e stallewardes kny^tes, pat..pes kyng vondep bryng to no^te. c 1300 Cursor M. 21224 (Cott.) Mani oipermen in strijf Fanded for to folu his lijf. 1375 Barrour Bruce 1. 42 The barnage. .fayndyt fast To cheyss a king. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 7 Elsynus bisshop of Wynchestre. .fondede to have pe see. <• 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 1750 Let vs fande som helpe to gett. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vii. 304 He fondyd to put y° prerogatyue. .from y munkys. 1590 Spenser F. Q. hi. vii. 26 For in the sea to drowne herselfe she fond, Rather then of the tyrant to be caught. absol. c 1340 Gaw. Gr. Knt . 565 What may mon do hot Fonde? b. To busy oneself. c 1350 Will. Palerne 1682 In pe kechene..arn crafti men ..pat fast fonden alday to Hen wilde bestes. G. To attempt, undertake (a deed). Also with sentence as obj .: To take care, see (that). Beowulf 2454 ponne se an hafaS purh deades nyd daeda gefondad. a 1300 Beket 676 He wende him..into the see passage forto fonde. 1307 Elegy Edw. /. v, Thou hevedest sunne, That thou the counsail woldest fonde, To latte the wille of kyng Edward To wend to the holy londe. ? a 1400 Morte Art A. 656 Ffaunde my fforestez be flfrythede. c 1400 Melayne 1401 Thou fayles of that thou fande. a 1440 Sir Degrev. 120 He was in the holy lond, Dede of armes for to ffond. a 145s Holland Houlate xlvii, }aipe, thocht he song was, to faynd his offens. 7. To acquit oneself (well); also with red. pron. c 1470 Henry Wallace ix. 1273 Thai had..fayndyt thaim rycht weill. Ibid. x. 1026 A. .knycht. .fayndyt weill amang his enemys keyn. 8 . To go, proceed; also with refl.pron. = Foundz>.1 a 1340 Cursor M. 12978 (Cott.) Aponpe heistfell he faand. a 1400-50 Alexander 2671 pan fandis he furth in-to pe fild. c 1440 York Myst. xviii. 149 Fande pe furthe faste for to flee, c 1650 Sir Lambewell 517 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 160 A softly pace her palfray fand. Fand, obs. pa. t. of Find. Fandang (fsendse-q) dial. [See next]. See quot. 1876 Robinson Whitly Gloss. (E. D. S.), Fandangs.. the fanciful adornments in personal attire, trinkets. Hence Fanda'ngons a. Pompous, showy. 1797 Mrs. A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl (1813) III. 277 A parcel of nonsense about jukes and lords, and them sort of fandangus trumpery. Fandangle (fiendse’ngT). colloq. [An arbitrary formation*; perh. suggested by next.] Fantastic ornament ; nonsense, tomfoolery. 1880 ll'orld 0/ Cant xxiv. 196 A girl is sure to keep up some of the old fandangle of her mother. 1887 Jessopp A ready viii. 232 A solo with no end of shakes and trills and fandangles. Fandango (faendarngo). [a. Sp. fandango ; alleged to be of negro origin.] 1. A lively dance in $ time, very popular in Spain and Spanish America. 17.. Eliz. Carter Lett . (1808) 138 Vou are twirled round in the fandango of the world. 1774 Mad. D’Arblay Early Diary (1189) I. 286 Upon my word, the fandango, like the allemande, requires sentiment, to dance it well. 1812 S. Rogers Voy. Columbus v. 146 With gipsy maid Dancing Fandangos in the chestnut shade. 1863 Ouida Held in Bondage (1870) 56 Scores of Cast ill ian girls I have seen doing the fandango. b. Mus. A tune to which the fandango is danced. 1800 H. Wells Co&tantia Neville (ed. 2) I. 258 Spanish ladies, with guittars.. who never had read of a fandango. 1851 Mayne Reid Scalp Hunt, lviii, The music com¬ mences. It is a merry air—a fandango. 1866 Engel Nat. Mus. i. 10 Gluck adopted in his ballet ‘Don Juan’ a well- known Spanish fandango. 2. A social assembly for dancing, a ball. In 18th c. common in English use; now only U. S., or with reference to foreign countries. 1760-72 tr. Juan UHod's Voy. (ed. 3) I. 39 One of the most favourite amusements of the natives here, is a ball, or Fandango. 1766 C. Anstey Bath Guide xiii. 14 She loves ah Assembly, Fandango, or Rout. 1785 Cowper Faithful Bird 33 Satisfied with noise, Fandango, ball, and rout 1 1854 Bartlett Mex. Boundary I. xviii. 429 A per¬ petual fandango was thus kept up day and night. 3. = Fandangle, rare. 1856 Miss Mulock Halifax x. (1859) 109 No fripperies or fandangos of any sort. 4. at t rib., as fandango-bird. 1871 J. F. Hamilton in Ibis 305 The natives [of Brazil] call them Fandango birds, and say that they are in the habit of performing a dance. Fanda’ngo, v. nonce-wd. To dance a fandango. 1834 B eckford Italy II. 364 Thirteen or fourteen couples started, .and fandangoed away. t Fa - nder, founder. Obs. [f. Fand v. + -er '.] A tempter. c 1340 Cursor M. 25369 (Cotton Galba) Fals fanders [we] here haue thrin. 1340 Aycnb. 116 pe dyeuel is pe uondere. + Fanding, founding, vbl. sb. Obs. [f. Fand V. + -ING !.] 1. The action of trying, a. A testing or putting to the proof; a trial. a 1300 Cursor M. 7231 (Gott.) Ofte in fanding men Andes sua letc.]. c 1400 Gamelyn 147, I ne did it noght broker but for a fondyng. c 1450 St. Cuthbert 2493 And send him fandyngs many ma. 14.. Jhesu 20 in Furniv. Ballads from MSS. I. 320 Brettyng of benes & fondyng of foies. 63 b. A trying to do or find out something; an attempt, experiment. a 1000 Cxdmotis Gen. 1452 (Gr.) He..of earce forlet.. haswe culufran on fandunga. a 1300 Cursor M. 17756 (Cott.) All pair fanding was for noght. C1340 I bid. 23776 (Fairf.) Wip-outen ani fonding of fli^t. 1375 Barbour Bruce iv. 691 Thai, .maks fanding Off things to cum to haiff knawing. 2. Temptation. c 1000 Allfric Interr. Sigewulf (Mac Lean) lxix, He wyle p;et hi beon pe jepungenran on piere fandunge. c 1x75 Lamb. Horn. 69 pet ure leue beo ure sceld a^ein pes fondes fondunge. a 1300 Cursor AI. 25111 (Cott.) Lede poll vs in na fanding. a 1340 Hampole Psalter xvii. 32 In pe i sail he outreft fra fandynge. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xiv. 298 pe fyfte is. .a frende in alle fondynges. 1426 Audelay Poems 21 Fore one fonding of the fynd fulfyl your forward. 1496 Dives $ Paup. (W. de W.) x. iii. 374/1 The fende.. stange. .Adam, .with his wycked fondynge. 3. ? A tempting of Providence. Cf. Fand v. i d. 1375 Barbour Bruce im. 289 For-owt fayntice or yheit faynding. t Fane, sb . ] Obs. Also 5 fayne, 5-6 phane, 7 faine ; and see Vane. [Common Teut.: OK. fina wk. masc. = OFris.fa?ia, OS. and QHG.fano (Ger .faline), Goth. fana, ON. (gunn-') fani (Da. fane , Svv. fana ; the mod Jcel. fdni, * buoyant, high-flying person is unconnected).] 1. A flag, banner, pennant. a 1000 Boeth . Metra i. 10 Fana hwearfode scir on sceafte. c 1325 Coer de L. 3893 They trumpyd and her baners dis- playe Off sylk, sendel, and many a fane. 1459 Test. Ebor. 11. (Surtees) 227 Agretesaltesalargilte with banars and fanes. 1503 Hawes Examp. Virt. iii. 31 The towres..With fanes wauerynge in the wynde. 1671 R. Bohun Disc. Wind 72 The Fanes of ships. 1712 Lond. Gaz. No. 5051/3 Ensigns, Jacks, Pendants and Fanes. 1806 Naval Chron. XV. 194 On the fane of her fore-mast, is the date. 2. A weathercock. See Vane. c 1386 Chaucer Clerk's T. 940 O stormy poeple .. ever untrewe. .and chaungyng as a fane. 1483 Cath. Angl. 122 A Fayne of a schipe.. ubi a weder coke. C1510 Barclay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) B iv, Varying as fanes erect vnto the winde. ? 1635 Glaptiiorne Lcuiy Mother hi. i. in Bullen O. PI. (1883) II. 142 Light faines erected on the tops Of lofty structures. 1773 J. Noorthouck Hist. London 611 The turret, .from its top rises a ball that supports the fane. Fane (fe'n', sbd poet. Also 7 fawne, 5-7 phane. [ad. L .fin-tun temple.] A temple. 14.. I tydg. Lyfe of our Ladye (Caxton) H j, To haue answer.. How long this fane ryal of asyse .. sholde last. 1430 — Chron. Troy u. xiii, In this phane .. they knele. 1563-87 Foxe A. M. (1596) 107/1 The idolatrous tem¬ ples and phanes. 1637 Hey wood Dial. iv. 62 The phane Where the two brothers deify’d remain. 1727-46 Thomson Slimmer 769 Where palaces, and fanes, and villas rise. 1814 Scott Ld. of Isles iv. x, To old Iona's holy fane. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. lvi, Man, her last work .. built him fanes of fruitless prayer. transf and Jig. a 1618 Sylvester Du Bartas , Panaretus 656 Long live the Story Of Valiant Princes in the Fane of Glory, a 1839 Pkakd Poems 11864) II. 54 The fane where Fashion dwells, ‘ Lyce’s Academy for Belles’. Hence t Faned///. a. [+-ed 2 ], having a fane; enshrined. 1633 Ford Lo?>e'sSacr. 11. ii, Such, .as might well become The shrine of some fail’d Venus. Fane (f£*n), sbf Obs. (See quots.) c. 1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 138 Drenc wip feondseocum men, of ciricbellan to drincanne. .fane, finul[etc.]. 1597 Gerardk Herbal Supp. to Gen. Table, Fane , white Flower deluce. 1878 Britten & Holland Plant-n ., Fane ..some white- flowered Iris, but we cannot determine the species. Fane (fe’n), sb.* Sc. [Cf. S\v. fan the devil.] An elf, a fairy. 1806 Train Poet. Rei>eries , Witch Inverness 100 Kate was haunted wi’ a fane. Ibid. 27 Every fane, .in thy breast. Fane, Sc. f. of Fain, Feign. Fane, obs. f. of Fan sb. Fane, Sc. pa. t. of Fine v. to finish. Faneer, obs. f. of Veneer. II Fanega (fanega). Also 7 hanega. [Sp. fanega, also hanigai] 1. A Spanish measure of quantity, usually equal to a bushel or a bushel and a half. 1502 Arnold Chron. 158 He promysed him of whete and barly xxv. fanegas. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 11. 372 Everie Hanega of come that is ground in Fez. 1760 72 tr. Juan 3- Ulloa's Voy. (ed. 3) II. 285 The fanega costs here only ten or twelve rials, or two dollars. 1850 B. Tay¬ lor Eldorado vii. (1862) 65 We purchased half a fanega—a little more than a bushel—of wheat, for $5. 2. A measure for land. 1852 Th. Ross tr. Humboldt's Trav. I. xv. 478 In this country five thousand three hundred coffee-trees are gener¬ ally planted in a fanega of ground. Fan-fail (farnfarn). [Formed by repeating the first syllable of Fanny.] A pet dog. 1834 F raseds Mag. X. 169 The noble now upon his fan- fan spends Revenues large ; her puppies are his friends. Fanfarade fanfaiv*-d). rare. [f. next + -ade.] =* Fanfare. 1883 R. Brown in Fortn. Re 7 >. 1 Sept. 386 Ushered into the world with a louder fanfarade of lilerary trumpeters. 1884 Blackmore Hist. SirE. Upmore I. 319 The infectious fanfarade of the great Rogue’s March. II Fanfare (f. v. 157 His professed contempt for impossibility was useful only for fanfaronading purposes. Fanfarrado' nonce-wd. — Fanfare. 1824 Galt Kothetan 111 . 230 My arrival was announced to the ducal court with a great fanfarrado. t Fanfreluche, v. Obs. Also 7 fanferluche. [ad. F. fanfrelucher in same sense.] intr. To trifle ; to act wantonly. Also, to fanfreluche it. 1653 Urquhart Rabelais it. xxiii, They .. jumd and fan- freluched at every fields end. a 1693 Ibid. m. xxxi. 265 By dotting and fanferluching it. .Thirty times a day. Fanful fte nl ul). [f. Fan sb. -f- -eul.] As much as a fan [Fan sb. 1 a] will contain. 1806-7 A. Young Agric. Essex (1813) I. no, 3 corn fans- ful of chaff each horse per week, at 6 d. per fanful. Fang (fseq\ sb. Also 7 phang(e. [OE. fang, cogn. with OFris. fang m., ON. fang n., MUG. fang, vane m., repr. OTeut. *fango-, f. root of *fanhan (see Fang zl).] I. The act or fact of catching or seizing, f 1. A capture, catch. Also a tight grasp, a grip. Iti fang with : in the embrace, under the protection of. (Cf. ON. / fang, in one’s arms.) u 1400 50 Alexander 1725 In fang with my faire godis. c 1470 Henry Wallace xi. 1219 King Eduuard was rycht fayn off that fang. 1597 J. Payne Royal Exch. 41 Whome he once gettethe witli full fange into Ids gripinge clowches he howldeth faster then catt the mowce. 1600 Shaks. A. V. L . If. i. 6 The Icie phange And churlish chiding of the winters winde. b. Sc. In phrase To lose the fang-, ‘to miss one’s aim, to fail in an attempt’ (Jam.). Also of a pump (see quot.). 1825 Jamieson Suppl. I.s.v., A pump well is said to lose the fang when the water quits the pump. 2. concr. That which is caught or taken ; captured game ; booty, plunder, spoils (obs. exc. Sc.), flence, in Sc. Law of a thief: Caught, taken with the fang. FANG 64 FANG. 1016 O. E. Chron. (Laud MS.), [Hi] fang woldon fon. a 1300 Cursor M. 3728 (Cott.) Was pou not at me right now, And fedd me wit pi fang i trau? Ibid. 15434 (Cott.) Quen. .ludas pus receiued had his fang. £1340 Ibid. 4801 (Fairf.) Quen fondyn haue 3our fange. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 71 Gif ane man apprehends in his house ane theif, with the fang of the thift. 1728 Biggar Council Proceedings , The fangs (plunder) being found in his house. 1790 Morrison Poems no Snap went the sheers, then in a wink, The fang was stow’d behind a bink. II. An instrument for catching or holding. + 3 . A noose, trap. In quots. fig. Ol>s. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 470 The Britis fled, and wes fane of that fangToleif the Romanis in the thickest thrang. 1794 Piper of Peebles 277 The Laird was fairly in a fang, An’ naething for him now but hang. 4 . A canine tooth ; a tusk. In pi. applied gen. to the teeth of dogs, wolves, or other animals re¬ markable for strength of jaw. 1555 Eden Decades 187 Theyr fanges ordogge teeth. 1613 H e v wood Silver Age in. 157 These phangs shall gnaw vpon your cruded bones, a 1700 Dryden Ovid vm. 535 The fatal Fang drove deep within his Thigh, a 1771 Gray Poems, Descent of Odin 10 Eyes that glow, and fangs that grin. 1808 lied. Jrnl. XIX. 58 This is done by inserting his la leech’s] three fangs into the skin. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop iii, The few discoloured fangs gave him the aspect of a panting dog. 1867 Emerson May Day, etc. Wks. (Bohn) III. 439 Wolves shed their fangs. fig. 1601 Shaks. Tivel. N. 1. v. 196 By the verie phangs of malice, I sweare I am not that I play, a 1633 Austin Medit. (1635) *9* Fast in the Iron fangs of that Foxe Herod. 1794 Fox Sp. 21 Jan. Wks. 1815 V. 159 The relentless fangs of despotism. 1827 Hall am Const. Hist. (1876) 1 . i. 28 Sufficient to bring him within the fangs of the recent statute. 1867 Trollope Chron. Barsct II. Iii. 89 Having strong hopes . .that Grace’s father might escape the fangs of justice, b. In various transferred uses : (see quots.). 1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 11. (1711) 12^ The Phangs of a Tooth-drawer. 1776 Mickle tr. Camoens' Lusiad vii. 282 The anchor's moony fangs. 1789 Traits. Soc. Encourag. Arts VII. 193 The fangs on the fliers are alternately driven. a 1825 Forby Voc. E. Anglia , Fang, a fin. From the fancied resemblance of their pointed ends to long teeth. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xlvi. (1856) 423 The water-line was toothed with fangs of broken ice. 1878 Browning La Saisiaz 14 Fangs of crystal set on edge in his demesne. J* c. pi. The mandibles of an insect. Obs . 1609 C. Butler Fern. Mon. (1634) 102 The matter thereof [of wax] they gather from flowers with their Fangs. 1713 Warder True Amazons (e d. 2)3 Her [a Bee’s] Fangs, or Mouth, wherein are her Teeth. d. The venom-tooth of a serpent; also the claws, provided with poison-ducts, which terminate the chelicerce of a spider. 1800 Med. frill. IV. 295 The punctures made by the poisonous fangs were evident. 1802 Balky Nat. TJieol. xii. § 1 The fang of a viper, .is a perforated tooth. 1855 Kings¬ ley Heroes 11. 206 Where are jour spider’s fangs? 1862 Darwin Fertil. Orchids v. 220 Each horn is tubular, like an adder’s fang. 1875 Cambridge in Encycl. Brit. fed. 9) II. 294 The channel [of the poison] running completely through the fang [in a spider]. fig. 1809-10 Coleridge Friend, The serpent fang of this error. 1849 Robertson Serm. Ser. 1. xiii. 224 The fang of evil pierces the heel of the noblest as he treads it down. + 5 . A claw or talon. Obs. Although this sense would appear on etymological grounds likely to have existed, it seems to rest solely on the authority of the Diets. Possibly it may have been wrongly inferred from figurative applications of sense 4, in which the pi. is often equivalent to ‘clutches’, ‘grasp’, with little or no conscious allusion to the literal use. I 73 I J- K. New Eng. Diet. (ed. 3), Fang , a claw. 1749 B. Martin, Fangs, claws. 1755 Johnson, Fang, the nails, the talons. f b. (See quot.) 1768 E.Buys Diet. Terms Art,Fangs f\\\ Botany ) the shoots or tendrils by means of which one Plant takes hold of another. 6. The pointed tapering part of anything which is embedded in something else. a. A spike; the tang of a tool. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1776), Dog, a sort of iron hook, or bar, with a sharp fang at one end, so formed as to be easily driven into a plank. 1823 P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 222 Fang, the narrow part of the iron of any instru¬ ment which passes into the stock. 1887 S. Cheshire Gloss., Fang, a prong, e.g. a yelve-fang. b. The root of a tooth; one of the prongs into which this divides. 1666 Phil. Trans. I. 381 That Tooth .. which had not a phang like other Cutters. 1803 Med. Jrnl. X. 365 If the fangs were capable of an increase by the ossific inflamma¬ tion. 1872 Huxley Phys. vi. 142 One or more fangs which are embedded in sockets. f c. A prong of a divided root. Obs. 1664 Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 200 Take out your Indian Tuberoses, parting the OlT-sets (but with care, lest you break their Fangs). 1727 Bradley Earn. Diet. s.v. Anemone, [Sifting earth upon the bed] till .. there remain only above ground the Fangs of these young Anemones. III. Technical uses. 7 . Naut. a. A rope leading from the peak of the gaff of a fore-and-aft sail to the rail on each side 1513 Douglas AEtieis v. xiv. 8 Now the lie scheit, and now the luf, thai slak, Set in a fang, and threw the ra abak. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine G iv, The mizen-yard is furnished with fangs, or vangs in the room of braces, b. pi. The valves of a pump-box. [Cf. i b.] 1867 in Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 8. Mining. (Seequots.) [Derbyshire dialect: perh. a separate word. Also Windfang.] a 1661 Fuller Worthies 1. 230 A Spindle, a Lamptume, a Fange. 1747 Hooson Miner s Diet. G iv b, Fange is a Place, .which is left as we drive along the Drift, on purpose to carry Wind along with us. 1802 Mawe Mineral. Dcrbysh. Gloss., Fang, a case made of wood, &c., to carry wind into the mine. 1836 R. Furness Medieus Magus 51 [The devil] quite rusty with the smoke, Fled up the Fang. I Here app. used for ‘chimney'.] Ibid. 69 (Glossary) Fang, a passage made for conducting air after the miner. Fang (freg), v d Now arch, or dial. Forms : a. Inf. 1-2 f6n, 3 fo-n; pa. t. 1-4 feng, (3 fang, south, veng, venk, 4 feyng), 3-5 fong(e, (5 fone), 8 south, vung; pa. pple. 1 fangen, 3 fon, 5 fonge. p. Inf. 3 Ortn. fangenn, 3-6 fong(e(n, (3 foangen),4-C fange, (fannge,fonnge), 5fangyn, (6 fangue), 7 phang, south. vang, 3- fang; pa. t. and pa. pple. 4-5 fonged, -ett, -id, -it, Sc. fangit, 4- fanged. [Com. Teut.: OE. fon , redupl. str. vb. corresp. to OFris. fd, OS .fdhan, OHG. fdhan (MUG. vdhen , mod.Ger. (poet.) fahcW, ON. fd (Da. faae , Sw. fd), Goth, fdhan OTeut. *fanhan,\)Ttt.fefY)\e. fingano-. About 1200 the stem fang- of the pa. pple. appears as a present-stem (inf. fangen), and gradually supersedes the older /orm; a similar change has taken place independently in the other Tent, langs.: cf. Du. vangen, mod.IIG .fangen, late Icel. fanga (Da. fange , Sw. fdnga). The weak pa. t. and pa. pple., which are peculiar to English, appear first in 14th c.; the original strong forms seldom occur after the 15th c.] + 1 . trans. To lay hold of, grasp, hold, seize; to clasp, embrace. Obs. c 1200 Ormin 3733 Mann mihhte himm fon & pinenn. a 1300 Cursor II. 17723 (Cott.) Symeon .. iesus tuix his handes fang, a 1400-50 Alexander 2971 Felly fangis it [a torche] in his fist, c 1400 Ywaine $ Gaw. 299, I wil him fang With mi fingers, a 1450 Le Morte Arth. 1796 In hys hand a swerd he fone. ^1470 Henry Wallace 11. 425 Sodanly in armys he coud him fang. b. To catch (fish); to take in a snare. Also fig. Obs. exc. arch. c 900 Bceda's Hist. 1. i. § 1 Her beop oft fangene seolas & hronas. a 1225 St. Marher. 3 As ]> e fuhel pe is fon i pe fuheleres grune. a 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 5480 Of pat fysche ]>at pai pus fang, c 1450 Henryson llor. Fab. 69 Might wee that herring fang. 1637 Gillespie Eng t Pop. Cerent, iv. viii. 36 He hath .. fanged himselfe faster in the snare. 1850 Blackie A Eschylus II. 185 May Ate Fang them in her hopeless snare ! 1877 — Wise Men 206 A little child. .Can fang a stickleback with pin for hook. + c. To seize upon (booty); to catch, apprehend, get into one’s power (a person); to capture (a city), to seize (lands, possessions). Obs. 1016 O. E. Citron,, Hi fang woldon fon. c 1325 Metr. Horn. 80 He might this ilk nonne fange To slake his lust. ?a 1400 Morte Arth. 425 Ffaunge the fermes in fatthe ot alle pa faire rewmes. c 1400 Dcstr. Troy 956 His goddis.. hym grace lent The flese for to fonge. c 1440 York Myst. xix. 128 May I pat faitour fange. c 1450 Mirour Saltia- cioun 56 The toure of Baris, .was so verray stronge That all the werld fro two men with force moght noght it fonge. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 5744 pat na thefe suld him [a horse] fang, c 1470 Harding Chron. cxxxix. iv, To assayle the citee, and haue fongid With might of menne. 1522 Skelton Why not to Court 1157 [He] wyll.. streitly strangle | us, And he may fange us. 1570 Levins Manig. 23 To Fangue, comprehenderc. 1607 Dekker & Webster Northw. \ lloe 1. Wks. 1873 III. 10 Hee’s in the lawes clutches, you see hee’s fanged. 1607 Siiaks. Titnon iv. iii. 23 Destruction phang mankinde. 1691 Wood Ath. Oxon. II. 327 Death fang'd the remnant of his lugs. absol. 1638 Shirley Mart. Soldier in Bullen O. PI. (1882) I. 242 It has ever beene my profession to fang and clutch and to squeeze. + d. To get, get at, obtain, procure. Also, to get together, collect. Obs. 1340-7° Alex. <$• Dind. 552 For ensample, bi my sawe sop mow }e fonge Of iubiter. a 1400-50 A lexander 2059 Amonta pe mi^tfull his men pan he fangis. c 1400 Melayne 984 Go fonnge the another fere. <71440 York Myst. xxvi. 16 Ther fanged I my fame. 1513 Douglas Aineis vi. ix. 138 Furth renting all, his fude to fang full fane. 15.. Childe of Bristcnve 33 Hazl. E. P. P. (1864) 112 He rought not whom he begiled, worly good to fong, 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus 11.3 He him bethocht for to fang sum defence. a 1605 Montgomerie Natur Passis Nuriture 34 To fang his friendship they war fane. + e. To fang up \ ‘ to pluck up 1 (the heart) ; to ‘ take up \ interrupt sharply. Obs. a 1400-50 Alexander 988 Fange vp 3our hertis. Ibid. 2197 pan fangis him vp pe fell kyng a fuyll feyned la^tir. 2 . To receive, accept, a. To receive as a gift, | or as one’s due ; to earn as wages ; also, to accept as one’s lot. Obs. exc. dial. Bccnuulf 2989 He pam fra;twum feng. c 1000 Sal. <$• Sat. 686 (Gr.) Foh hider to me burh and breotone bold to Sewealde rodora rices, c 1200 Ormin 5390 Seoflne ^ifess 1 patt man fop Off Hal’13 Gastess hellpe. c 1205 Lay. 6240 | Ah eower monradeno ic wulle fon. 1258 Proclam. Hen. Ill, j Ri}t for to done and to foangen. c 1325 E. E. A Hit. P. B. 540 pe fowre frekez of pe folde fongez pe empyre. < 1394 P. PI. Crede 836 It mot ben a man of also mek an herte pat my^te. .pat Holly Gost fongen. e 1400 Ywaine «$• Gaw. 2642 I Wha juges men with wrang, The same jugement sal thai fang, c 1475 Partenay 2423 When thes Barons thys answere had fong. 1482 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 313 Euery seruant that flangyth wagys, schalle [etc.]. 1846 Spec. Cornish Dial. ! 27 But ded’st fang any money? as a body may say. + b. To fang cristendom : to receive baptism, become Christian. Also, of Christ, To fang me fi¬ nis he or mankind : to assume human nature. Obs. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 133 God fundede from heuene to eorSe to fongen mennisshe. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 73 He willede anon in hys herte to fonge Cristendom. c 1375 Sc. I Leg. Saints , Magdalena 242 Howe mane-kynd pat he can fange. c 1386 Chaucer Man of Law’s T. 279 Sche wold reney hir lay, And cristendam of prestes handes fonge. f c. To receive as a guest; to welcome, lit. and fig. Obs. c 1275 Lay. 13378 He .. hehte pe beste cnihtes .. preo hundred him come to and he 3am wolde wel fon. <1400 Destr. Troy 366 He fongid po freikes with a fine chere. c 1418 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 247 Fals beleve is fayn to fonge The lewde lust of lollardie. <7x430 Pol. Rel. $ L. Poems (1866) 209 pe modir pat wolde deep fong. 1578 Scot. Poems 16th C. (1801) 130 Sa blyth as bird my God to fang. 3. = Take in various uses; csp. with obj. arms, counsel, leave, a name, one's way ; to undertake (battle). Also const, to, unto, to be : To take (a person or thing) for (a purpose). a 1000 Cardmon’s Gen. 287 (Gr.) Mid swilcum maej man raed sepencean fon. c 1205 Lay. 22878 Elc per feng water & clsed. X290 Beket 7 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 106 Gilbert Bekat.. him bi-pou}te pe Croiz for-to fo In-to pe holie land, c 13x4 Guy IVarw. (A.) 1122 Armes y fenge for loue of [pe]. c 1330 Amis tou. a 1455 Holland Houlate xiv, The Scarth [was] a fische fangar. 1612 Dekker If it be 7iot good Wks. 1873 III. 313 All the craft in that great head of yours cannot get it out of my fangers. 1763 Del Pino Sp. DidDientes cauinos , the eye-teeth, or fangers. Fanging (fbe'qiij), vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ing k] 1. The action of the verb Fang in various senses, f a. The action of standing sponsor (obs.). b. The actionofearningwages;inpl.«i«»-.earnings. (dial.) 1493 Fesiivall (W. de W. 1515) 167 b, Thrughe fongynge of chyldren at the fonte. 1846 Spec. Cornish Dial. 46 Why a spent all hes fangings laste Saturda nite. 2. Mining. (A main of) air-pipes used for venti¬ lation in mines. Cf. Fang sb. 8 . 1747 Hooson Miner s Did. H, That expense may be spared, and Air enough taken along by Fanging. 1875 Ure Did. Arts s.v. Fanc, Sometimes the term a fanging is applied to a main of wood-pipes. Fangish (farqij), a. [f. as prec. + -ish.] Of the nature of a fang ; piercing. c 1825 Beddoes Poems, Israelite amid Philistines 102 A curse.. Fangish enough to reach the quick of earth ! Fangle (fxe'qgi), sbf Also 6 fangel, 7 south, dial, vangle. [This and Fangle v. 2 app. arose from a mistaken analysis of Newfangled, later form of newfangle 1 eager for novelty ’. As new¬ fangled was said both of persons and of their actions or productions, it came to be diversely inter¬ preted to mean either ‘characterized by new fashions or crotchets ’ or ‘ newly fashioned or fabricated ’.] 1. New fangle : a new fashion or crotchet; a novelty, new invention. (Always in contemptuous sense.) Now rare. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. 1 Tim. iv. 6 Full growen age, which is not wonte easily to swerue into newe fangles. 1579 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 116 A Pedlers packe of new fangles. 1670 Maynwaring Physician's Repos. 122 That Physician. .departs from the primitive Practice, for a new fangle and fashion of Prescribing. 1869 Trollope He knew Ixxxix. (1878) 494 She would still scorn the new fangles of the world around her. 1881 Grant White Wards < 5 * Uses (ed. 3) 334 New fashions and fangles of dress, of manners, and of speech. f 2. A fantastic, foppish, or silly contrivance; a piece of finery ; foppery, fuss. Obs. 1583 Greene Mamillia 1. Wks. 1881 II. 19 There was no Feather, no fangle, Gem, nor Jewell, .left behinde. £1600 Time's Alteration in Chambers Pop. Lit. I. 247 French fashions then were scorned, Fond fangles then none knew. 1642 Milton Apol. Smect. (1851) 315 If God loathe the best of an Idolaters prayer, much more the conceited fangle of his prayer. 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes iv. ix. 230 What fangle now, thy thronged guests to winne. 1695 Kennett Par. Antiq. Gloss. s.v. Fannatio, Fangles or vangles properly the baubles or playthings of children that are proud to be new fangled. i* Fa’ngle, sb? Obs. rare. [? cf. Ger. (dial.) fankel spark ; also, a sort of demon.] ? A spark. 1649 G. Daniel Trinarch. Hen. IV, clxii, [Glendower] fraught wt>> some Rudiments of Art And strooke with fangle of his Countriman, The boasted Merlin. Ibid, cclviii, There may we find w fch out the fangle which Fires the dry touch of Constitution. Fa'ngle, sb. 3 Anglo-Irish. [?a. Ir .fainneall ‘a handful of straw for thatching’ (O’Reilly).] (See quot.) 1863 Dublin Unw. Mac;. Oct. 438 The parties returning home, probably by the light of fangles. Ibid., note, Fangles .. were long irregular cones of straw, tied at short intervals with twigs or slight straw bands. Being set on fire .. they burned slowly, and were very useful in dark nights. + Fa’ngle, v? Obs. rare — 1 . In 5 fangel. [?cf. Ger. dial . fankeln to trifle.] inlr. ? To trifle. a 1400 Tutivillus 14 in Rel. Ant. I. 257 For his love that 30U der bo^th Hold 3011 stil and fangel 1103th. Fa’ngle, v? Obs. exc. dial. [See Fangle j-/;. 1 ] irons . Contemptuously used for: To fashion, fabricate; to trick out. Also, To new fangle : to dress up anew. 1615 J. Taylor (Water-P.) Siege Jerusalem Wks. (1630) 10/2 Such gibrish, gibble-gabble, all did fangle [at Babel]. 1641 Milton Prel. Episc. (1851)90 Not hereby to .. new fangle the Scripture. 1755 Carte Hist. Eng. IV. 136 Such was their zeal for a new religion of their own fangling. VOL. IV. 1762 Songs Costume (Percy Soc.) 240 If I give a charm ’Tis so metamorphos’d by your fiddling and fangling. 1881 Miss Jackson Shrofsh. Word-bk. s.v., ’Er bonnit wuz fangled all o’er ooth nbbints.’ t Fa’ngled, ppl. a. Obs. [f. Fangle sb . 1 + -ed 2 .] Characterized by crotchets or fopperies. 1587 M. Grove Pelops Sf Hipp. (1878) 48 Mens minds wer not so fangled then as now they doe appeare. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. v. iv. 134 Be not, as is our fangled world, a Garment, Nobler then that it couers. 1727 in Bailey. Fanglement (farijglment). [f. Fangle v? + -MENT.] The action of fangling or fashioning ; hence, something fashioned or made, an invention, a contrivance. ^1670 Hacket Abp. Williams 1. § 108 (1692) 97 He adventur’d to maintain Orthodox Religion against old Cor¬ ruptions and new Fanglements. 1866 Blackmore Cradock Nowell xiii. (1881) 53 Round-about foreign fanglements. i 883 Elvvorthy W. Somerset Word-bk. 797 These here new-farshin vanglements ’bout farmerin’ an’ that. Fangless (fse-qlts), a. [f. Fang sb. + -less.] a. Without fangs, toothless. b. Of a tooth: Having no fang or root. a. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, iv. i. 218 His power, like to a Fanglesse Lion, May offer, but not hold. 1823 B/nckw. Mag. XIV. 81 A sort of fangless viper. 1868 Geo. Eliot Sp. Gipsy iv. 302 A lion in fangless infancy. fig. 1790 J. Williams S/mwe Tuesd. (1794) 29 Rebellion fangless grinn’d on Brunswick’s pride. 1795 Jemima II. 198, I should dread the consequence of his iniquity even in that almost fangless situation. 1887 Swinburne Locrine iv. i. 105 So shall fear, mistrust, and jealous hate Lie fotfd- less, if not fangless. b. 1835-6 T odd Cycl. Anat. I. 114/2 The mouth., furnished with, .fangless, .teeth. Fanglet (farqlet). [f. ns prec. + -let.] A little fang or tooth. 1843 J. Dayman Inferno of Dante xxv. 159 Then either cheek with poisoned fanglets stung. Fangot (fse'qg/t). [ad. It. fangotto, var. of fagotto bundle, Faggot.] A quantity of wares, csp. raw silk, from x to 3 cwt. 1673 Lond. Gas, No. 841 '4 Lost, .out of a Close Lighter at Brewers Key, one Fangot of White Cyprus Silk. 1708 Ibid. No. 4472/4, 4 Fangotts of Italian Raw Silk. 1721-1800 in Bailey. 1768 in E. Buys Did. Terms Art. Fangy (fte-qgi), a. [f. Fang sb. + -y C] Having a number of fangs ; divided into fangs; resembling fangs. 1847 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. VIII. 11. 292 It makes the roots fangy. 1859 Sala Gaslight <$• D. x. 120 A fangy range of teeth. t Fa’llikin. Obs. rare— 1 , [a. MDu. vancken (Flem. vaenken, Kilian), dim. of vane (now vaari): see Fane sb? and -kin.] A small flag or banner. 1539 in Pitcairn Crim. Trials Scot. I. *298 Fanikynnis, Ansen3eis, stramaris, and banaris. Fanion (fse’ny^n). [a. Fr. fanion, f. as fanon (see Fanon).] See quots. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Fanion, a Banner carry’d by a Servant belonging to each Brigade of Horse and Foot at the Head of the Baggage. 1721—1800 in Bailey. 1867 Smyth Sailor s Word-bk., Fanions , small flags used in sur¬ veying stations, named after the bannerets carried by horse brigades. Fank (freqk), sbl Sc. [a. Gael .fang, fling= Ir. fang in same sense.] A sheep-cot or pen. i8iz P. Graham Agric. Stirling xiv. 294 It is necessary to enclose the whole flock in the pen or fank. 1827 J. Anderson Ess. State Soc. Highlands 127 Bargains were concluded at the homes and fanks of the farmers. 1883 W. C. Smith N. C. Folk 219 When he came to byre or fank. Fank, sb? Sc. [Cf. Fang sb. 7 .] A coil of rope ; a noose. 1825-80 in Jamieson. 1826 Scott Jrnl. (1890) I. 255 He .. is a prince of Bores, but .. like the giant Pope .. he can only sit and grin at Pilgrims, .and is not able to cast a fank over them as formerly. Fank (fseqk), v. Sc. [f. FankjAI] trans. To put (sheep) in a fank; to pen up (Jam.). Hence Fanked ppl. a ., penned up ; in quot. transf of a sword : Set fast in the sheath. ? a 1600 Death of Parcy Reed xxviii. in Child Eng. S Sc. Ball. (1890) vii. cxciii. 27/6 Brave Parcy raised his fankit sword, And felld the foremost to the ground. Fankle (foe’qk’l), V . Sc. [f. Fank sb? : see -le.] trans. To tangle, entangle ; to entrammel (ahorse, etc.) with a rope ; hence, To get fankled : fig. to lose the thread of a discourse (see Jamieson s.v.). c 1450 Henryson Lyon $ Mous xxxiv. in Evergreen T. 196 Our ryal Lord .. now is fast heir fanklet in a Cord. 1826 J. Wilson Nod. Ambr. Wks. 1885 I. 103 My long spurs .. never got fankled. Fan-ligllt (farnbit). A fan-shaped window ov£r a door; sometimes applied loosely to any window over a door. Also attrib. 1819 P. O. Lond. Direct. 220 M’Namar, E., Metal Fan¬ light manuf. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick, iv, In shape resembling the fan-light of a street door. 1886 Stevenson Dr. Jekyll ii. (ed. 2> 26 At the door of this [house 1 .. now plunged in darkness except for the fan-light. 1888 Gwilt Eticycl. Arch. 766 Fanlight frames over doors. Fannell (fse-nel). Obs. exc. Hist. Also 6 phanelle. [ad. med.L . fanul-a (Wr.-Wulck. 649 ) or fanonellus (Du Cange), dim. of fano (see Fanon).] = Fanon i. 1530 Palsgr. 218/2 Fannell for a preestes arme, fanon. 1566 in Peacock Eng. Ch. Furniture (1866) 29 Item vest- mentes copes crosses aulbes phanelles. 1672 J. Davies Rites Durham 16 Stoles and Fannels. 1830 Beauties of Isle oj Thau el I. 51 On his left side, .is seen the end of the fannel or maniple. )f App. taken as dim. of Fan or Fane : A small screen or fan. 1555 Fanile Facions ii. viii. 167 For that thei sette muche by beautie, thei cary aboute with theim phanelles [Lat. text umbrellas ] to defende them fro the sonne. Fanner (farnai). [f. Fan sb. or v. +-eii k] 1. One who fans. f a. One who winnows grain with a fan. Obs. c I 5 I 5 Cocke Lorell's B. (Percy Soc.) io Repers, faners and horners. 1654 Trapp Comm. I's. xiii. 8. 600 Good corn., falls low at the feet of the Fanner. b. One who fans (himself or another person) with a fan. 1888 Bow-Bells Weekly i3 May, The present Emperor of China when he was a baby had. .twenty-five fanners. 1890 Daily News 15 Feb. 6/4 Which caused a draught almost sufficient to blow the fanner quite away. 2. =Fan sb? i b. lit. and fig. Also, in later use, an appliance forming part ot this. 1788 Specif Meikle's Patent No. 1645. 3 Below the harp a pair of fanners may be placed so as to separate the corn from the chaff. 1799 J. Robertson Agric. Perth 99 Fanners for cleaning grain have been long used by the most industrious of the farmers. 1800 Farmers Mag. (Edinb.) I. 159 James Meikle who went to Holland in 1710. .brought over a winnowing machine or what is commonly called a pair of fanners. 1828 Blackw. Mag. XXIII. 841/2 How from the fanners of his genius would the cock-chaffers of Cockneys fly like very chaff indeed ! 1853 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XIV. 11. 291 The grain, after leaving the mill fanners, is put through hand-fanners preparatory to measuring. b. U.S. (see quot.k 1890 Dialed Notes 1 Boston, U. S.) 11. 58 Fanner, an open basket dishing out from the bottom upwards. .Originally it was used to separate the chaff from the wheat. 3. (See quots.) 1874 KnightZLVL Ifech , Fanner, a blower or ventilating fan. 1858 Simmonds Did. Trade, Fanner.. a cooling ap¬ paratus. 4. A kind of hawk so called from the fanning motion of its wings. Also vanner-hawk. 187s Parish Sussex Gloss., Fanner, a hawk. 1885 Swainson Prov. Names Birds 140 Kestrel .. Vanner hawk, Windfanner. Fanning (fk'nig), vbl.sb. [f. Fan v. + -ing *.] The action of the vb. Fan. 1. The action of fanning or winnowing (com). 1577 B. Googe Heresbaclts Husb. 1. (1586) 43 The.. fannyng and wynnowing in Sommer, a 1679 T. Goodwin Wks. V. 11. 144 Others take this fanning (Luke iii. 16, 17) for that discovery which shall be made at the day of judg¬ ment. 1879 Farrar St. Paul 11. vii. I. 123 ‘ All the fanning in the world will not make you [a cornfield] so remunerative as commerce’, said Rabh. b. concr. The siftings of tea. 1870 Daily Ne'ius 16 Nov., Common fannings mixed with broken stalks. 2. The action of moving the air with or as with a fan ; an instance of this. 1528 Paynell Salerne's Regim. T iv, The fier, without fannynge of the aier, is schoked and quenched. 1696 tr. Du Mont's Voy. Levant 133 Where a Man may lie and enjoy the Pleasure of Fanning as long as he pleases. 1715 Desaguliers Fires Impr. 41 Fanning, .makes that Air feel cold or cool, which is otherwise warm. 1852 D. Moir Hymn to Night Wind Poet. Wks. II. 381 The delightful fannings of thy wing ! 3. The action of blowing gently as with a fan ; an instance of this ; a breeze. 1712 Budgell Sped. No. 425 p 1 The Fanning of the Wind rustling on the Leaves. 1764 Grainger Sugar Cane 562 The first glad fannings of the breeze. 1818 Keats F.ndym. 11. 664 Exhal’d asphodel, And rose, w'ith spicy fannings interbreath’d, Came swelling forth. 4. = Fan-tracery (see Fan sb? u). 1851 Ruskin Stones Ven. I. xxix. § 4, I would rather., have a plain ridged Gothic vault, .than all the fanning, .and foliation that ever bewildered Tudor weight. 5. Also Fanning-out: the action of spreading out like a fan (cf. Fan v. 6 ) ; an instance of this. 1883 W. C. Russell Sailor's Lang., Fanning, , widening the after-part of a ship’s top. 1889 Geikie in Nature 19 Sept. 488/1 The fanning-out of the ice on its southward march. 6 . Comb., as fanning-machine, -mill. ( — Fan sb. 1 i b.) 1747 Gent. Mag. XVII. 438 A Fanning Mill, used in Silesia, for cleaning of corn from tares, &c. .842 Brande Did. Sc., Fanning-machine. 1874 Knight Did. Mech., Fanning-mill. Fa nning, ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing 2 .] That fans, in senses of the verb. lit. and fig. c 1340 Gaw. $ Gr. Knt. 181 Fayre fannand fax vmbe- foldes his schulderes. 1555 Latimer Serm. <5- Rem. (1845) 442 Fear not the fanning wind, a 1700 Drydkn Cymon $ Iphig. 104 The fanning wind upon her bosom blows. 1725 Poi*e Odyss. vi. 284 Inhaling freshness from the fanning breeze. 1818 Byron Ch. Har. iv. xliv. My bark did skim The bright blue waters with a fanning wind. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk ., Fanning-breeze , one so gentle that the sail alternately swells and collapses. Fanny (fce'ni). dial. (See quot.) 1892 Labour Commission Gloss. No. 3, Fanny , a local term, a corruption of fanner or fanblower ; that is, a wheel with vanes fixed on to a rotating shaft enclosed in a case or chamber to create a blast of air. it is used in the scissor- grinding industry. FANON, 66 FANTASTIC, Fanon (fcem^n). Forms : a. 5 fanen, -one, -oun, un, Sc. fannowne, 6 fannom, (Sc.) -oun, fawnon, 6-8 fannon, 5- fanon. / 3 . 6 phanon. [Fr. fanon , ad. med.L. fanon-cm , fano banner, napkin, a. OHG .fano, Goth .fana: see Fane jA 1 ] 1 . An embroidered band, corresponding with the stole, but shorter, originally a kind of napkin, attached to the left wrist of the officiating priest or celebrant, and of the deacon and subdeacon at mass ; a maniple. 1418 Bury Wills (Camden) 3, j. fanon. 1496 Dives .] A fancier; one who is in love with (some one"). a 1547 Surrey Descr. Restless State 145 A fantaser thou art of some, By whom thy wits are overcome. Fantasia (fantazfa, fantirzia). [a. It. fan¬ tasia (see Fantasy), lit. ‘fancy’, hence ‘an in¬ strumental composition having the appearance of being extemporaneous ’ (Tommaseo).j 1 . Mus. ‘A composition in a style in which form is subservient to fancy ’ (Stainer and Barrett). 1724 Explic. Foreign lCords in Music 30 Fantasia, is a Kind of Air, wherein the Composer .. has all the Freedom and Liberty allowed him for his Fancy or Invention, that can reasonably be desir’d. 1776 Sir J. Hawkins Hist. Music IV. iv. 47 His [Hilton’s] Compositions were for the most part Fantasias for the viols and organ. 1815 European Mag. July 46/1 The first movement, termed ‘ Fantasia’ .. is a most spirited, effort. 1879 Grove Diet. Mus. I. 503/1 Fantasia .. was the immediate predecessor of the term Sonata. || 2 . The It. word is current in the Levant and North Africa, in the senses : a. Ostentation, pomp, self importance ; b. A kind of Arab dance; also, an exhibition of evolutions on horseback by a troop of Arabs. 1838 Sparks Biog. IX. Eaton viii. 263 But they must have a consul with less fantasia. 1859 Wraxall tr. R. Iloudin II. viii. 239 Our captain had arranged for us the surprise of a fantasia. 1873 Tristram Moab ii. 28 A capital ‘ fantasia' or Arab dance, .round our camp fire. Pantasied, phantasied (fae-ntasid),///. a. arch. [f. Fantasy sb. and v. 4 -ed.] a. Framed by the fancy ; imaginary, b. Filled with (strange, new) fancies or imaginations (so OF. faniasie). C. Characterized by phantasy; dreamy, imaginative, d. Full of fancies or caprices ; whimsical. a. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. ii. xiv. (1634) 230 A fantasied Ghost is thrust in place of the Manhood. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage vi. xi. 521 Phantasied dangers. b. 1590 Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons 2 b, These our such new fantasied men of wan e. 1595 Shaks. John iv. ii. 144, I finde the people strangely fantasied. C. 1882 Shorthouse J. Inglesant II. ii. 54 The alluring world of phantasied melody which Vanneo had composed. d. 1883 C. F. Woolson For the Major iv, Mr. Dupont was conducting himself after his usual fantasied fashion. + Failta sious, a. Obs. rare— 1 . In 5 fantasy- ouse. [a. O V. fantasieus, f. fantasie : see Fantasy sb. and -ous.] Full of fancies, capricious. C1489 Caxton Blanchardyn iii. 17 The dyuerse .. conclu- syons that his fantasyouse wylle dyde present by fore hym. Fantasm a, etc. : see Phantasm(a, etc. Fantasque (f&ntarsk), a. and sb. Also 8 fantask. [a. Fr. fantasque L. faniasticusl\ A. adj. Fanciful, fantastic : curious, rare. 1701 C. Burn ary Ladies Visiting Day 1. i, A clean Napkin and a plain Dish is my Feast; Garnish and Orna¬ ment are fantask. 1844 Mrs. Browning Poems, Drama Exile I. 52 Twelve shadowy signs of earth, In fantasque apposition. Ibid., Ho. Clouds II. 226 The fantasque cloud¬ lets. + B. sb. Fancy, whim. Obs. 1698 Vanbrugh Prov. Wife in. iii. Lady Brute. .There is not upon earth so impertinent a thing as women’s modesty. Belinda. Yes, Men’s Fantasque, that obliges us to it. 1703 Steele Tend. Hush. 11. i, I have a Scribbling Army-Friend, that, .will hit the Nymph’s Fantasque to a Hair. Fantassin (fse'ntsesin). [a. Fr . fantassin, ad. It. fantaccino , dim. of fante foot-soldier.] (See quot. 1835.) 1835 Lytton Rienzi ix. i, Two hundred fantassins, or foot-soldiers, of Tuscany. 1853 Tails Mag. XX. 534 Fierce Isolani’s fantassins. i860 Russell Diary India II. 253 Quaint fantassins with matchlock, musket, tulwar, and bow. Fantast, phantast (fee-ntaest). [ad. med.L. phantasta , Gr. ^avTciar-qs, agent-n. f. ipavrafeiv, qmvTci&oOai. In Gr. the word meant (in accord¬ ance with the primary sense of the active verb) ‘ an ostentatious person, boaster ’: see next. Cf. Ger. fantast, phantast , which is the source of the modern use.] 1 . A visionary, a dreamer ; a flighty, impulsive person. 1588 J. H[arvey] Disc. Probl. 128 O vain Phantasts and fond Dotterels ! 1804 Coleridge in Lit. Rem. (1836) II. 413 A quiet and sublime enthusiast with a strong tinge of the fantast. 1855 Lewes Goethe (1864) 494 She is one of those phantasts to whom everything seems permitted. 2 . A fantastic writer; one who aims at eccen¬ tricity of style. 1873 F. Hall Mod. Eng. 171 Fantasts and contortionists like Mr. Carlyle. Fantastic (fsentse’stik), a. and sb. Forms : a. 4 fantastik, 5-7 fantastike, -tyke, -tique, -tyque, 6-8 fantastick (e, 7- fantastic. ( 3 . 6-8 phantastick(e, 6 phantastike, 7 phantastique. 7- phantastic. [ad. med.L. fantastic-us, late L. phanlasticus , a. Gr. tpavrcuTTucus, f. (pavr/i^iv to make visible (middle voice tyavTa^taOcu, in late Gr. to imagine, have visions) : see Fantasy. Cf. Fr. fantastique. The form phantastic is no longer generally current, but has been casually used by a few writers of the 19th c., to suggest associations connected with the Gr. etymology.] A. adj. 1 . + a. Existing only in imagination; proceeding merely from imagination; fabulous, imaginary, unreal (obs.). b. In mod. use, of alleged reasons, fears, etc. : Perversely or irrationally imagined. a. a 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls)V. 279 What is i-seide.. of Merlyn his fantastik getynge. Ibid. VIII. 63 Kyng Arthures body [was founden) }>at was i-counted as it were fantastik. 1529 More SuPplic. Soulys Wks. 338 A very fantastike fable. 1627 F. E. Hist. Edw. II (1680) 11 His fantastique Happiness. 1721 Swift South Sea viii, He longs to rove In that fantastick scene. 1775 Harris Philos. Arraugem. Wks. (1841) 299 A fourth sort .. may be called fantastic, or imaginary ; such as centaurs. 1816 J. Wilson City of Plague 1. i, I could smile at such fantastic terrors. 1876 M. Arnold Lit. Dogma 157 His hearers and repor¬ ters were sure to verse it on their own fantastic grounds also. p. 1678 Cudvvorth lutell. Syst. 481 All those other phan- tastick Gods, were nothing but Several Personal Names. 1742 Young Nt. Th. i. 94 My soul phantastic measures trod O’er fairy fields. 12 . Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a phantasm. Obs. a. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 19/2 He shewed that be was veryly rysen..by etyng openly, and by no art fantastyke. 1491 — Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. xlii. 68 a/i [I am] noo thynge fantastyque, but a sparcle of fyre; Asshes, and flesshe. 1598 Yong Diana 127 A meere dreame, or some fantastick illusion. 1624 Fletcher Rule a Wife iv. iii, Is not this a fantastic house we are in, And all a dream we do ? 1648 Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 198 One will allow of his humanity, .another will allow a divine soul with a fan¬ tastick body. p. 1635 A. Stafford Fern. Glory (1869) 145 That He had a phantasticke Body, not made of his Mothers Flesh. 1691-8 Norris Preu t. Disc. IV. 377 Aery Banquets, Phan- tastick Food, a 1716 South Scrm. (1741) VII. 16 An aerial phantastic body. + 3 . Of or pertaining to phantasy, in its various psychological senses (see Fantasy sb. 1,4) as denot¬ ing either the faculty (and act) of apprehending sen¬ sible objects, or that of imagination ; imaginative. 1483 Caxton Cato F viij b, By cogytacyon or thynkyng fantastyke and by illusyon of the deuyll. 1592 Davies lmmort. Soul xx. ii. (1599) 47 [Phantasie] in her Ballance doth their values trie, Where some things good, and som things il doseeme. .in her phantasticke eye. 1649 Jf.h. Tay¬ lor Gt. Exemp. Pref. P 43 ’I here is as much phantasticke pleasure in doing a spite, as in doing revenge. 1678 Cud- worth hitell. Syst. 29 The different Pliancies in us, caused by the respective Differences of them. .Which Pliancies or Phantastick Idea's are [etc.]. 1793 T. Taylor Sallust viii. 38 The irrational soul..is sensitive and phantastic life. f b. Of poetry : Concerned with * phantasy ’ (Gr. (fiavraaia) or illusory appearance. Obs. [See Plato Sophistes xxiii, li. In quot. 1581 the word may be merely a transliteration of Gr. ayTa<7Ti/o). ] 1581 Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.)54 Mans wit may make Poesie, (which should be Eikastike, which some learned haue defined, figuring foorth good things,) to be Phantastike'. which doth contrariwise, infect the fancie with vnworthy obiecls. 1669 Gale Crt. Gentiles 1. iii. i. 18 Phantastic Poesie is that, which altogether feigns things. 4 . Of persons, their actions and attributes : + a. Having a lively imagination; imaginative (obs.). b. Fanciful, impulsive, capricious, arbitrary; also, foppish in attire. Now in stronger sense: Extrava¬ gantly fanciful, odd and irrational in behaviour. a. 1488 Caxton Chast. Goddcs Chyld. xix. 50 Whether he liaue a sadde knovvyng or felinge or elles a soden wytte or fantastyk. 1591 Shaks. Two Gentl. 11. vii. 47 To be fan¬ tastique, may become a youth Of greater time then I shall shew to he. 1628 Wither Brit. Rememb. 11. 1 Let no fan¬ tastique Reader now condemne Our homely Muse. 1683 Tryon Way to Health 577 The. .fantastique Directions of ignorant Physitians. c 1760 Smollett Ode to Indep. joo And all her jingling hells fantastic Folly ring. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 312 The fantastick vagaries of these juvenile politicians. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, Montaigne Wks. (Bohn) I. 350 Great believers are always reckoned, .imprac¬ ticable, fantastic, atheistic. p. 1600 E. Blount tr. Conestaggio A iij b, He that talking of a young gentleman, shoulde say, that he was phantas¬ ticke, cholericke, amorous .. doth hym no wrong. 1702 Steele Funeral 11, I have long .. bore with your Phantas- tick Humour. 5 . Arbitrarily devised. Now rare. Cf. Fancy a . 1658 Bramijall Consecr. Bps. iii. 29 They say., the .. Protestant Bishops .. were consecrated, .by a new phantas- tick forme. 1846 Trench Mirac. i. (1862) 115 Phantastic and capricious miracles. 1876 Humphreys Coin-Coil. Man. xxvi. 396 Occasionally fantastic variations of well-known inscriptions occur. 6. Having the appearance of being devised by extravagant fancy; eccentric, quaint, or grotesque in design, conception, construction, or adornment. a. 1616 R. C. Times' Whistle in. 1077 Drusus, that fashion-imitating ape, Delights to follow each fantastic shape. 1728 Young Love Fame iii. Wks. (1757) 107 The masquerade’s fantastic scene ! 1750 Gray Elegy xxvi, Yonder nodding beech, That wreathes its old fantastic roots so high. 1841 Spalding Italy <$• It. 1 st. II. 221 Vaulted halls adorned with the usual fantastic arches. 1856 Stanley Sinai Pal. i. (1858) 30 The Arab traditions .. are too fan¬ tastic to be treated seriously. 1871 B. Taylor Faust (1875) I. vi. 109 The witch with fantastic gestures draws a circle. p. 1618 Wither Motto, NccCnro, Each phantastique Garb our Gallants weare. <11713 Ellwood Autobiog. (1714) 242 Written in such an affected and phantastick stile. b. Arbitrarily used by Milton for : Making 1 fan¬ tastic ’ movements (in the dance) ; hence in later allusions to Milton’s phrase. So in Comb, fantastic- footed. 1632 Milton VAllegro 33 Trip it as you go O11 the light fantastic toe. a 1790 Warton On Approach of Summer 59 Haste thee. Nymph! and hand in hand .. Bring fan¬ tastic-footed Joy. 1826 Disraeli V'iv. Grey v. xv, Mr. St. Ledger, .prided himself, .on his light fantastic toe. B. sb. 1 . One who has fanciful ideas or indulges in wild notions. Obs. cxc. arch. a. 1598 Marston Pygmal. iii. 148 Thou art Bedlnm niad .. And glori’st to he counted a fantastick. 1621 Quarles FANTASTICAL. Div. Foetus, Esther{iTi’j) u\ Power.. to perverse fantasticks if conferr’d. .spurs on wrong. 1706 E. Ward Hud. Rediv . (1715) I. vii, The Church men justly growl to see. .that the Force of Toleration .. Should set each canting proud Fan- tastick Above their Courts Ecclesiastick. 1882 Shokthouse y. Inglesant II. xv, A Fantastic, whose brain was turned with monkish fancies. / 9 . 1630 BrathWait Eng. Gentl. (1641) 3, I would be glad to weane this Phantasticke from a veine of lightnesse. fig. 1675 G. R. tr. Le Grand’s Man Without Passion 132 Opinion is the Fountain, this Fantastick which seduceth our understanding, etc. f 2 . One given to fine or showy dress; a fop. Obs. 1613 Overbury Charac ., A Phantastique, An Impro¬ vident young Gallant. 1628 Milton Vacation Exerc. 20 Trimming .. which takes our late fantastics with delight. a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) II. 131 A Fantastic is one that wears his Feather on the Inside of his Head, t 3 . A fanciful composition. Obs. 1641 G. H .(title), Wits Recreations, Containing. .Variety of Fancies and Fantasticks. + 4 . Power of fancy or imagination. Obs. 1764 Public Advertiser 31 May in N. s. a. 01485 Digby Myst. (1882) iv. 1545 My wordes wer not fantasticall. .1 told youe no lesinge. 1529 More Conf. agst. Trib. 11. Wks. 1182/2 With this fantastical fear of hers, I wold be loth to haue her in myne house, c 1530 Pol. Rel. L. Poems (1866) 43 Than me thynkithe y see youre likenes: Hit is nat so, it is fantasticalle. a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759' I. 61 Our Pains are real Things, and all Our Pleasures but fantastical. / 3 . 611533 Frith Dis/>ut. Purgat. (1829) 160 A place that . .more properly confuteth this phantastical purgator3 r , than doth this same text. 1684 Burnet Th. Earth 11. 100 When anything great is represented to us, it appears phantastical. 1728 T. Sheridan Pcrsius vi. (1739) 99 note, Tertullian .. runs the phantastical Genealogy thus. f b. Of opinions: Irrational, baseless. (Passing into sense 6.) Obs. a. 611546 Joye in Gardiner Declar. Art. Joye (1546)53 He. .conceyueth a certayne fantasticall opinion therof[of fayth]. 171X Shaftesb. Charac . (1737) II. 1. in. § 2. 52 Which only false Religion or fantastical Opinion, .is able to effect. / 9 . 1555 Eden Decades Pref. to Rdr. (Arb.) 53 Mys- shapened with phantastical opinions. 1599 Hayward 1st Pt. Hen. IV. 91 He said that the lawes of the realme were in his head, .by reason of which phantasticall opinion, he destroyed noblemen. f 2 . = Fantastic 2. Chiefly in fantastical Body in reference to the heresy of the Docetae. Obs. a. x 533 Frith Answ. More (1829) 174 Fantastical appari¬ tions. 1563-87 FoxeA. <$• AT. (1684) III. 308 Ye make of it [the Sacrament] a thing so fantastical, that ye imagine a Body without Flesh. 1728 Earbery tr. Burnet's St. Dead I. 220 That the Body of Christ upon Earth was a fantastical one, as the Gnosticks held. / 3 . 1555 Ridley Wks. 200 Marcion .. said that Christ had but a phantastical body. 1642 R. Carpenter Experi¬ ence n. vii. 185 Hee did not take a phantasticall body in the Incarnation. + b. Of colours : =Emphatical 5. Obs. 1666 Hooke Microgr. 168 These colours are onely fantas¬ tical ones. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn ., Phantastical Colours, such as are exhibited by the Rainbow, Triangular Glass Prism, the Surface of very thin Muscovy Glass, &c. + 3. = Fantastic a. 3. Obs. 1526 Pilgr. Pcrf. (W. de W. 153G 125 His lyghtes be euer eyther fantasticall or els corporall. 1589 Puttenham Eng. Poesie 1. viii. (Arb.) 35 Euen so is the phantasticall part of man. .a representer of the best images, .to the soule. 1647 H. More Song of Soul 11. 11. 11. xxxv, The Orb Phan- tastick must exert All life phantasticall. f b. Pertaining to the passion of love. See Fancy 8 b. Obs. rare~ l . 1594 H. Willobie in Shahs. C. Praise 7 Sodenly infected with the contagion of a fantasticall fit. 4. = Fantastic 4. а. 1531 Elyot Gov. 1. i, They be nat in commune (as fan¬ tasticall foies wolde haue all tliyngs). 1589 Warner A lb. Eng.x 1. xxxi. (1612) 157 Loue is Fantasticall in Women. 1616 Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 671 The heme is.. very fantasticall, as not giuen to stay in any place, but such as pleaseth him verie well. 1702 Eng. Theophrast. 311 The gratifying of a fantastical Appetite. 1791 Hamilton Bcr- thollet’s Dyeing II. 11. vi. 307 The fantastical changes of the fashion. 1862 Mrs. Olifhant Last Mortimers I. v. 27 A pretty fantastical young girl. £. 1555 Eden Decades 314 Many iudged hym phantasti¬ call. 1621-51 Burton A nat. Mel. 11. iii. 11. 319 An affected phantastical carriage. 1693 Sir T. P. Blount Nat. Hist. 129 The .. vain and phantastical abuse of this Stinking Weed. 1711 Steele Spect. No. 30 T 2 The Oxonians are phantastical now they are Lovers. t 5 . = Fantastic 5. Obs. a 1618 Raleigh Mahomet (1637) 2 4 The care and use of his fantasticall Law. б. = Fantastic 6. a. 1599 Siiaks. Much Ado 11. i. 79 The first suite is hot and hasty like a Scotch jigge (and full as fantasticall). 1789 Burney Hist. Mus. III. ii. 111 Canons..in triangular and other fantastical forms. 1830 D’Israeli Chas. J, III. viii. 177 A portrait which, however fantastical, may still bear some remarkable resemblances. / 3 . a 1613 Overbury A IVi/e ( 1638) 166 Our new phantas¬ ticall building. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 151 IP 5 An Occa¬ sion wherein Vice makes so phantastical a Figure. + B. sb. One who has fanciful ideas or notions. 1589 Puttenham Eng. Poesie 1. viii. (Arb.) 34 Who so is studious in th’ Arte [of Poesiel . . they call him in disdayne a phantasticall. 1616 J. Deacon Tobacco tortured 57 Alas 67 poore Tobacco, .thou that hast bene hitherto accompted .. the Fantasticals foretresse. Fantasticality (fxntsystikaniti). Also 7 phan-. [f. prec. + -ity.] Fantastical character or quality ; eccentricity, grotesqueness, oddity. 1592 G. Harvey Four Lett, iii, An epitome of fantasti¬ cality. 1606 Sir G. Goosecappe m. i. in Bullen O. PI. (1884) III. 43 Our Lords are as fair beyond them .. for person .. as they are beyond ours for phantasticality. 1824 New Monthly Mag. XII. 154 A little fantasticality here and there, but upon the whole exquisite ! 1878 T. Sinclair Mount 275 He is not quite sure, .about the fantasticality of these etymologies. b. cotter. and quasi-rwzcr. Something that is fantastical; a crotchet, whim. 1631 R. H. Arraignm. Whole Creature xv. § 3, 263 The Fantasticalites of their bodyes. 1840 Carlyle Heroes (1858) 329 The Song he [Burns! sings is not of fantasticalities. 1858 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. (1865) I. 1. iii. 23 Ceremonials, and troublesome fantasticalities. 1887 Saintsbury Hist. Elizab. Lit. vii. 284 The graceful fantasticalities of Lyly. Fantastically (fcentarstikali), adv. Also 6-7 phantastically. [f. as prec. + -LY 2 .] 11 . Through the exercise of the fancy or imagin¬ ation. Obs. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 124 b, Somtyme as it were an aungell of lyght: somtyme visybly, somtyme fan¬ tastically. 1691-8 Norris Pract. Disc. (1711) III. 121 My Soul fantastically joins with it. + 2 . In a phantasmal or unreal manner. Obs. 1543 Becon New I 'eads Gift Early Wks. (1843) 318 All this was not fantastically done, but truly and unfeignedly. 1577 tr. Bullinger's Dccades{\ 592) 64 Our Lord suffered in very deed, and not phantastically to the appearance onely. t 3 . Fabulously, fictitiously. Obs. 1547 J- Harrison Exhort. Scottes B viij a, As Welshe and Scottishe Poetes, haue phantastically fayned. 1577-87 Holinshed Citron. I. 91/1 Arthur, of whom the trifling tales of the Britains. .fantasticallie do. .report woonders. 4 . According to one’s fancy; capriciously, arbi¬ trarily. 1547-64 Bauldwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) 63 He cannot be a true seruer of God, which serueth Him. .fantastically, and in hipocrisie. 1663 Cowley Disc. Govt. O. Cromwell Wks. (i66p) 59 Though it may seem to some fantastically, yet was it wisely done. 1701 Grew Cosm. Sacra 11. iv, One cannot so much as fantastically choose, even or odd. 1829 I. Taylor Enthu9. iv. (1867) 79 The righteous God deals with man¬ kind not fantastically. 1885 Law Times LXXIX. 78/1 Any fantastically coined word. 5 . In a fanciful or odd manner; grotesquely, oddly, strangely. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, hi. ii. 334 A forked Radish, with a Head fantastically earn’d vpon it. 1662 J. Davies Voy. Ambass. 129 Wooden hats, fantastically painted. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 747 Beads and feathers, fantasti¬ cally arranged. 1813 Byron Giaour 302 The silver dew In whirls fantastically flew. 1852 Miss Yonge Cameos I. xlii. 365 Their dress was. .fantastically gay. Fantasticalness (fxntce'stikalnes). Also 7 phantasticalness. [f. as prec. + -ness.] The quality, condition, or fact of being fantastical, fl. The condition of being subject to phantasms. 1547 Boorde Brcv. Health 11. 27 Fantasticalnes, or collu- cion, or illusyons of the deuyll. 2 . Addiction to strange fancies; eccentricity, oddity; an instance of this. 1581 Mulcaster Positions xlv. (1887) 297 Is that point in suspition of any noueltie or fantasticallnes to haue wymen learned? 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. arracna from which the senses of the word in the mod. langs. are developed are : 1. appearance, in late Gr. esp. spectral apparition, phantom (so L. phan¬ tasia in Vulg.); 2. the mental process or faculty of sensuous perception ; 3. the faculty of imagination, these senses passed through OF. into Eng., together with others (as delusive fancy, false or unfounded notion, caprice, etc.) which had been developed in late L., Romanic, or Fr. The shortened form Fancy, which apparently originated in the 15th c., had in the time of Shakspere become more or less differentiated in sense. After the revival of Greek learning, the longer form was often spelt pha/iiasy, and its meaning was iniluenced by the Gr. etymon. In mod. use fantasy and phantasy, in spite of their identity in sound and in ultimate etymology, tend to be apprehended as separate words, the predominant sense of the former being ‘caprice, whim, fanciful invention ’, while that of the latter is ‘ imagin¬ ation, visionary notion \] 1 . In scholastic psychology : t a. Mental appre¬ hension of an object of perception ; the faculty by which this is performed. Obs. [ai filet in hert. c 1440 Generydes 4652 Leveall these fantesies. .ye shall not fynde it thus. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 166 b, The mynde.. is inoost apte to .. waueryng fantasyes aboute dyuerse thynges. 1665 Manley Grot ins' Low C. I Carres 953 The Minds of the common People would be divided, according as any one would teach his Fantasies. 1876 Whitney Sights % Ins. II. xiv. 443 All that would be to them less than fancy—mere fantasy. 1878 Morlf.y Vauvenargues Crit. Misc. 20 Many pernicious and destruc¬ tive fantasies. ft. 1586 Cogan Haven Health eexliii. (1636) 306 Vaine .. is their phantasie that thinke it ungodly to flee from .. the plague, a 1610 Healey Epictetus Man. (1636) 30 Keepe thy minde firme against all such phantasies. 1858 R. A. Vaughan Ess. <$• Rev. I. 6 Not a phantasy in religion, .but might there soar or flutter. t b. In my fantasy'. = ( as I imagine *; modestly used for 1 in my opinion \ Obs. y. 1543 Recorde Gr. Arles (1561) Lj, And yet in my simple fantasy these thinges offer them-selves. .to be studied for aboute progression. 1570-6 Lambarde Pcramb. Kent (1826) 191 In mine own fantasie it wanteth not the feete of sound reason to stand upon. ft. 1570-6 Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 237 There standeth a Towne yet called Sturmere, which (in my phantasie) sufficiently mainteineth the knowledge of this matter. 6 . Caprice, changeful mood ; an instance of this ; a caprice, whim, f Often in at , after , according to, upon one's own fantasy (obs,). a. a 1450 Kilt, de la Tour 23 Alle good women.. aught to leve all suche fantasyes. 1490 Caxton Eneydos vi. 25 His wyf. .he loued . .of fyne loue wythout fayntasie. 1519 luteri. Four Elan, in Hazl. Dodsley 1 . 7 Every man after his fantasy Will write his conceit. 1598 Barret Theor. Warres v. i. 146 Whosoeuer shall kill his souldier vpon his owne fan¬ tasie, without iust cause. 1649 Milton Eikon. xi. (1851) 420 The Kingdom .. must depend in great exigencies upon the fantasie of a Kings reason. 1679 1714 Burnet Hist. Ref., It was. .out ot no light fantasy, .that he thus refused it. 1814 Scott Ld. of Isles vi. xvii, Fate plays her wonted fantasy, .with thee and me. 1883 C. F. Woolson For the Major iv, Little ways, .considered to belong to the ‘ fanta¬ sies of genius ’. ft. 1548 Hall Chron. 137 b, The Dolphyn tooke upon hym, the rule, .orderyng causes, .after hisawne. .phantasie. 1624 Capt. Smith Virginia 111. v. 55 Our strength and labours were idely consumed to fulfill his phantasies. 17. Inclination, liking, desire. Obs. a. c 1374 Chaucer Former Age 51 The lambyssh poeple .. Hadden no fantesye to debate, c 1386 — Miller's T. 5 A 1 his fantasye Was torned for to lerne astrologye. c 1450 Merlin 213 Soche a fantasie fill in his herte that he cowde not it remeve. 1462 Poston Lett. No. 435 II. 83 If. .ther be sent swhyche downe to tak a rewyll as the pepvll hathe a fantsy in. 1535 Stewart Cron . Scot. II. 158 Throw fan¬ tasie of this Roxiana, Of hir sic plesour he had. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. I. 4 He fell into a fantasie and desire to .. know howfarre that land stretched, a 1618 Raleigh Ran. (1644)83 Everyman prefers his fantasie in that appetite, before all other worldly desires. ft. 1563-87 F oxe A. <$- M. (1596) 65/1 Diuerse men [wor¬ ship] diuerse gods; so as euerie one hath in himselfe a mind or phantasie to worship. Fantasy (fbe*ntasi),z/. Forms: a. 5-7 fantasie, -ye, 5-6 fantesye, 6 fantase, -aise, 7 fant’sy, 5- fantasy. / 3 . 6-7 phantasie, -y, (6 phantasey, 7 phantacy, -zy), 9 phantasy, [a. OF.fantasie-r , {.fantasie Fantasy sb.] 1. trans. = Fancy v. i ; rarely, to fantasy with oneself. Now arch, with the sense: To imagine in a visionary manner. _ c 1430 Lydg. Bochas Prol. 3 Men of craft may. .Fantasien in their inward sight Devises newe. 1543 Grafton Contn. Harding 496 Dreames .. his awne feare fantesieth. 1547 8 Ordre oj Communion 1 Euery manne phantasying and deuisyng a sondery waie by hymself. 1563-87 Foxe A. <$• M. (1684) II. 23/1 It was not the same very present Body of Christ, as the Priests did phantasie. a 1577 Sir T. Smith Commw. Eng. (1609') 5 As wise men have .. fantasied foure simple bodies which they call elements. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks ( 1621)182 The image of the yong gentleman was well phantazied in her brain. 1818 Keats Endym. 509 A dream .. so phantasied. 1855 Motley Dutch Rep. II. 17 He fantasied in his imagination a kind of religion, hall Catholic, half Reformed. b. with obj. and inf. or object clause. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Proy 1. ii, Day by day cast and fan- tesyeth How his venim may.. Upon this Jason be fully execute. 1562 Turner Hcibal 11. 51 a, Som dyd phantasey one thyng to be the cause and som an other. 1582 Bent¬ ley Mon . Malroncs 77 Fantasing with themselves that I doo. it.. of hatred. 1661 Boyle Style of Script. 51 The Syrian Leper, .vainly fant’sied,that Gods appointment could not put a difference between things that knew no other. c. absol. or intr. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. John x. 13 He fantasieth thus; In case thei go to wracke, what than ? + 2. Inins. To wear the appearance ffavTaoia) of. Obs. rare— 1 . c 1611 Chapman Iliad xxiii. 60 At every part the form did comprehend His likeness; his fair eyes, his voice, his stature, every weed His person wore, it fantasied. + 3. To take a fancy or liking to ; to be favour¬ ably inclined to ; to fall in love with. Also with inf., to ‘ take it into one’s head * (to do some¬ thing^. Cf. Fancy v. 8. Obs. 1548 Hall Chron. 194 b, He .. favored her suyte, but muche more phantasied her person. 1553 ' 1 '. Wilson Rhet. 4 b, As if one should phantasy to praise a Gose before any other beast. 1592 Warner Alb. Eng. vn. xxxiv.(1612) 168 Death, late feared, now she fantaseth. 1641 Prynne Atrip. 79 That he [the King] should neither phantacy nor regard the serious Petition of the importunate Commons. absol. 1560 Becon Treat. Fasting xi. Wks. 11. 80 b, Nether do they direct their fastes vnto any godly end, but as euery one fantasieth, so do they fast. 4. intr. To play fantasias; to extemporize, rare (but often in Carlyle). 1840 Carlyle Wks. (1858) II. 323 He [Hoffmann] could fantasy to admiration on the harpsichord. 1858 — Fredk. Gi. II. x. vi. 650 Fantasying on the flute in an animated strain. Ilence Fa'ntasying vbl. sb. 1543 Recorde Gr. Arles (1561) Zvb, You should .. not have taken a question of your owne fantasying. 1555 L. Saunders Let. in Coverdale Lett. Martyrs (1564) 184 The fantasing of the flesh-pottes of Egypte. 1607 Schol. Disc. a°st. Antichrist 11. ix. 135 We are charged with a Corinthian fantasying of mens persons. Fantekyn, var. f. Fauntekin Obs. t Fa'uterie. Obs. [a. OF. fanterie, ad. It. fanteria. f. fante foot-soldier (literally boy, short for infante = Infant • cf. Faunt).] Infantry; pi. foot-soldiers. a 1577 Gascoigne Fruits War clii. in Wks. (1587) 146 Fine .. bands of English Fanteries. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 128 Trusting vpon their Cauallery and Fanterie, wherein they are strong. Fantigue (facntTg). dial. Also fanteag(ue, fanteeg, fantique. [Cf. Fantad.] A state of anxiety or excitement ; an instance of this, esp. a fit of ill-humour. 1825 Univ. Songster ii. 142 Don’t put yourselves in a fan¬ tique. 1837 Dickens Pickw. xxxviii, * Invvolving our pre¬ cious governor in all sorts o’ fanteegs.’ 1866 Mrs. H. Wood Elster's Folly I. v. 117 You need not have put yourself in a fantigue. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk ., The Missis is in a pretty fantaig. 1882 W. Worcestersh. Gloss., ‘ E’s alius on with some uv ’is fanteagues.’ || Fantoccini (fse ntytJ/Tu). Also 8 fanto- cine, 9 vulgar fantosceny. [It. pi. of fantoccino, dim. of fantoccio puppet, f. fante boy, servant, etc.: see Fanterie.] 1 . pi. Puppets made to go through certain evolu¬ tions by means of concealed strings or wires. 1791 Boswell Johnson (1816) I. 396 The exhibition of the Fantoccini in London. 1842 Dickens Amcr. Notes (1850) 60/1 Are there no Punches, Fantoccini, Dancing dogs .. or even Barrel-organs? 1876 Besant & Rice Gold. Buttafly xxx. (1884) 227 As awkward as a pair of fantoccini. 2 . A dramatic representation in which these are the performers ; a marionette show. 1771 Mrs. J. Harris in Priv. Lett. Ld. Malmesbury (1870) I. 212, I was much pleased with the ‘ Fantocine’ I saw last night. 1817 Mar. Edgeworth Harrington (1832) 132 He had refused to go .. to the Fantoccini. 1851 Mayhew Lond. Labour (1861) III. 60 ‘The Fantoccini’, he said, is the proper title of the exhibition of dancing dolls. attrib. 1817 Hazlitt Char. Shaks. (1838) 220 The fantoc¬ cini exhibition. 1822 — Table-t. II. xii. 274 A little fan¬ toccini figure, .playing a number of fantastic tricks before the audience. Fantoru, obs. form of Phantom. Faon, obs. form of Fawn. + Fap, a. Obs. Drunk, intoxicated. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. 1. i. 183 The Gentleman had drunke himselfe out of his flue sentences. .And being fap, sir, was (as they say) casheerd. 1818 J. Brown Psyche 44 Getting daily fap with ale. , Fapes: see Feaberry dial., gooseberry. Faquir, tar. of Fakir. || Far, sb. Obs. [Latin ] A coarse kind of wheat ; spelt. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. xii. 1 Novembre wol with whete & far besowe. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 138 As for the bearded wheat Far, there is a certaine worme breeding in it like to a moth. 1624 Middleton Game at Chess v. iii, Cockles from Chios, fraftk’d and fatted vp With Far and Sapa, Flower and cockted Wine. Far (fa.i), adv. Forms : 1-4 feor(r, (3 south. veor), 2-3 (9 dial.) fur, 3-6 for, (3 forre), 2 6 fer(r(e, 3-4 south. ver(re, (2 fir, 3 fear, fe$er, feir, 4 fere, 5 feer), 3-7 farr(e, (4-7 fare), 3- far. Compar. 1 fier(r, fyr(r, 2,4 fir, 3-4 (9 dial.) fur, 4-5 furre, fyrre, 7 furr, 5 far, 2-6 ferrer, (4-6 ferrere), 2-3 ferror, 4-7 farrer, 5-6 farrar. Superl. 1 fyrrest, 3-5 ferrest, 3-6 farrest, (4 furrest, 7 farst). [OK. feor{r corresponds to OFris .fir, OS./L'(Du. ver), OUG. fer, ON .fiarre, Goth, falrra OTeut. *ferr- (the OTeut. form of the suffix is not determinable with certainty; a distinct but synonymous type appears in OS. and OIIG. ferro , MIIG. verre), f. OTeut. root fer- OAryan per-, whence Gr. 1 ripav, Skr. paras, beyond. The forms with final -e in 13-14U1 c. belong ety¬ mologically to the derivative Ferren ; subse- cpiently the monosyllabic ferre , farre, is a mere variant spelling of fer, far. The OK. compara¬ tive fierr,fyrr ( :—*ferriz ) began in i 2th c. to give place to a new formation on the positive, ferrer, -or ; this survived till the 17th c. in the form farrer ; after that period the comparative and superlative remained only in dialects, being super¬ seded in educated use by farther, farthest : see Farther.] 1 . At a great distance, a long way oif. Const. from, (colloq.) off. Also with advbs. away, off, out. a. in space. t 900 Bseda's Hist. 1. i. § 3 We witan heonan noht feor ofer ealond. c 1025 In tcrl. v. Rule St. Benet I. 85 J>a. eallunga feor svnd on geswince. c 1205 Lay. 543 Achalon heihte an flum [>c nes noht feor from heom. a 1300 Cursor M. 4933 (Cott.) Theues .. of a cuntre fat hefen es far. 1340 Hampole I'r. Cause. 7650 Ilk planete es ferrer fan other fra us. c 1380 Wyclif Set. Wks. 111 . 1S4 Sum ferrer and sum nerrer. c 1420 Sir Amadaee { Cantd.)xvi, A mar- chand of this cite Was fer oute in a-nothir cuntre. c 1440 Promp. Farv. 156 Fer, or fer a* way ,procul. c 1485 Digby Myst. (1882) jv. 112, I was not farre hence. 1490 Caxton Eneydos x. 40 Whiche caused grete fere and drede vnto the countreys nygh neyghbours and also ferre of. 1549 Compl. Scot. vi. 80 He vil see ane schip farrar on the seye. 1550 Crowley Epigr. 211 A Spittlehouse, no farre from where his dwelling was. 1647 H. More Song of Soul 11. ii. 11. iii, Things near seem further off; farst off, the nearst at hand. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 17 The painted Lizard, and the Birds of Prey, .be far away. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 63 T 7 Not far from these was another Set of FAR. 69 FAR. merry People. x8o8 Scott Marm. n. i, Far upon Northumbrian seas. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) 1 . 10 He is likely to be not far off himself. 1879 J. Burroughs Locusts <$■ Wild II. (1884) 263 The Green Mountains., seen careering along the horizon far to the south-west. b. Far and near or nigh : in every part, every¬ where. Far or near : anywhere. Far nor near: nowhere. ounding fame, Is bounded only by the starry frame. 1735 Somerville Chase 1. 272 Their Arms Far- gleaming, dart the same united Blaze. 1779-81 Johnson L.P., Swift Wks. III. 404 Variegated by far-sought learn¬ ing. 1784 Cowper Task 1. 184 Mighty winds That sweep the skirt of some far-spreading wood. 1812 Byron Ch. liar. 11. xli, Leucadia’s far-projecting rock of woe. 1820 Keats St. Agnes xxix, Far-heard clarionet. 1827 Hare Guesses (1859) 69 Expressing profound and farstretching thoughts in the simplest words. 1857 Ruskin Pol. Econ. FAR. 70 FAR-AWAY. Art 139 Consider what a far-branching, far-embracing good you have wrought. 1864 Engel Mus. Anc. Nat. 232 Far- spread popularity. b. rarely in similar quasi-comb, with vbl. sbs., as far-flashing, -withdrawal. 1822 Shelley Hellas 331 The far-flashing of their starry glances Reverberates the dying light of day. 1866 Howells Venet. Life xvii, Their, .strange effect of far-withdrawal. c. Special combinations: far-back a., ancient; far-being vbl. sb ., the state of being at a distance; + far-born a ., born long ago ; far-darter, one who sends darts to or from a great distance; f far-day, the latter part of the day [cf. 3 c]; far- eastern a:.,belonging to the extreme east; far-farer ( rare ), = far-gocr\ far-foamed a., fringed with foam for a great distance; far-goer, one who goes far, lit. and Jig .; far-gone a., advanced to a great extent ; far-northern a., lying in the extreme north ; far-point ( Optics), the ex¬ treme range; far-seeing a = Far-sighted i ; far-seen a ., seen at a distance; also 6V. = Far- sighted; far-shot a. ^far-shooting', far-southern a., at the extreme south ; f far-went a., that has wended or travelled far ; far-western, belonging to the extreme west. 1890 Child Eng. «$• Sc. Ball. vii. ccix. 126/2 Some ^far- back reciter of the Scottish ballad. 1580 Sidney Arcadia (1622) 124 The desolation of the *far-being from comfort. 1672 Wycherley Lo7'e in Wood in. i, Nine-and-thirty years old, mistress? I’d have you to know I am no ^far- born child. 1598 Chapman Iliad 1. 91 This is cause why heaven’s * Far-darter darts These plagues amongst us. 1868 Morris Earthly Par. (1870) I. n. 500Dimly he remembered ..the sight Of the Far-darter. 1655 H. Vaughan Silex Scint. 1. 74 * Far-day sullies flowres. 1861 Dasent Burnt NjalW. 354 Thorwald Kodran’s son, the *far-farer. 1820 Keats Hyperion 11.172 Murmurs, which his first endeavour¬ ing tongue Caught infant-like from the "far-foamed sands. 1841 Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) VI. 358 The party which the ^far-goers at least of the deliberants, believe to be the least undeserving of the two. 1778 Conquerors 39 As drunken men who brave the dang’rous fight O’er sparkling glasses in the *far-gone night. 1831 1 ’. L. Pea¬ cock Crotchet Castle xvi, Which the far-gone innamorato found irresistible. 1856 Kane A ret, Expl. I. xxiii. 309 The temperature of these *far-northern regions. 1876 Bernstein Five Senses 72 The *far-point of the eye. 1848 Lytton Harold y in. ii, Though wise and "farseeing, Harold was not suspicious. 1730-46 Thomson Autumn 790 From lofty Caucasus "far seen by those, Who in the Caspian .. toil. 1827 Keble Chr. Y. Monday bef. Easter, Two silent nights and days In calmness for His far-seen hour He stays. 1615 Chapman Odyss. vm. 453 Useful Mer¬ cury And *far-shot Phoebus. 1856 Kane A ret. Expl. I. xxiii. 228 Commodore Wilkes in his *far-southern discovery of an Antarctic continent. 1609 Bp. W. Barlow Aus7v. Nanieless Cath. 191 The Gibeonites came to Iosua like *far- went Trauellers. 1589 Puttenham Arte Eng. Pocsie 121 [Northern English] is not so Courtly .. as our Southerne English is, no more is the *far Westerne mans speach. 1844 Bp. S. Wilbf.rforce Hist. Amer. Ch. (1846)341 The pecu¬ liar services of a far-western clergyman. Far (fai), a. Forms: 1-4 feor(r, 2-6 fer, 3-7 farr, 5-7 farre, 3- far. Coinpar. 1 fyrra (fern, and neut. -e), 3-4 fyrre, furre, 3-6 ferre(r(e, 3 fer- ror(e, south, verrore, 4-7 farrer. Superl. 1 fyr- rrst, 3-5 ferrest, 3-6 farrest. [OE .feorr = OFris . fer, fir, OS. fer, 011 G. for WGer. type *ferro-. As the adj. does not occur in Gothic or ON., it is prob. derived from the adv.] 1 . Remote : a. in space; chiefly of countries or places; occas. of persons, etc. The far cast, north, west, south : the extreme eastern, etc. parts of a region, or of the world. The Far West: now esp. the western parts of the U. S. or of North America, -j- Far absence : absence in a distant part. a 1000 Wife's Complaint 47 (Gr.) Feorres folclondes. a 1225 Leg. Hath. 1565 Into F ferreste ende of Alixandre. a 1300 Cursor M. 4820 (Cott.l Wee are o farr cuntre, Of a land hait clianaan. 1340 Aycnb. 204 Huerof yealde filozofes hem uledden in-to uerre stedes in-to dezert. 1382 Wyclif Joel iii. 8 They shule selle hem to Sabeis, a fer foie, c 1450 Mironrtsatuacionn 1643 Thick ffolewastoure son. .deparlid to ferre lande. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes 0/ Aymon xxviii. 585 Koike cam..from ferre ways for to seke hym. 1548 Hall Chron. 101 b.The Englishemenconsideryng. .the farre absence of their frendes. 1553 Eden Treat. A ewe hut. (Arb.) 8 To returne home from these farre countreys. a 1605 Montgomerie Mi sc. Poems (1886) xxxii. 38 Far foullis hes ay fair fethers, sum will say. 1682 Dryden Mac Ft. 131 To far I’.arbadocs on the western main. 1808 J. Barlow Columb. 1. 45 A far dim watch-lamp’s thrice reflected beam. 1822 Shelley Hellas 813 What hearest tholl? Mahmud. A far whisper. 1839 Bailey /'V.f.hYr (18^4) 56 It is fear which beds the far to-come with fire. 1890 Howells in Harper's Mor. Nov. 965 The great plains . .in the far West. absofl c 1386 Chaucer Prol. 494 To visile The ferrest in his parish. b. Jig. of remoteness or difference in lime, rela¬ tionship, or nature. 1531 Elyot Gov. ii. vi. (1557) 100 A vice moste ugly, and farrest from humanitee. 1583 Hollyband Cantpo di Eior 309 How farre this fielde is to that which bordereth upon it. 1630 Crashaw Poems 129 Pulling far history Nearer. 1839 Tennyson Elaine 799 Sir Torre. .Past up the still rich city to his kin His own far blood, i860 Hawthorne Marb. Faun (1879) II. xx. 200 So many far landmarks of time. c. The far etui, + the far : the very end, or extremity; the last stage (of life, strength, or resources). Now only dial. c x^oo Dcstr. Troy 78 In this shall faithfully be founden to the fer ende, All |>e dedis. Ibid. 8272 'The next tym [>ou noyes me, [>ou neghis to }>e fer. 1637 Rutherford Lett. clxxxiii. 11862) I. 447 What standeth beyond the far-end of my sufferings .. He knoweth. 1790 W. Combe Devil upon T700 Sticks in Eng. (1817) II. 58 Whose, .love of pleasure will soon get to the far-end of a moderate fortune. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss., He seems almost at the far end. 1888 Sheffield Gloss, s.v. Far end, ‘ Ah’m ommast at t’ far end/ 2 . Extending to a distance, long. Far traveller: one who comes from or goes to a distance, f (A person) of a far fetch : far-reaching, far¬ sighted. f Far way. a long way, by far. £1340 Cursor M. 11385 (Laud.) For els might not tho thre haue rawght to ride so farre wai, And come to cryst thilk day. 1393 Lange. P. PL C xvn. 51 Of wyt and wyse- dome |>at fer way is bettere Than richesse. 1508 Fisher Psalms N vj b, Her grete & ferre Journey. 1550 Coverdale Spir. Perle xxix, A merchant-man maketh far voyages and great journeys. 1574 Hellowes Gueuara s Earn. Ep. (1577) 314 Some men so euill and of so farre a fetch, that [etc.]. 1605 Verstegan Dec. Intell. ii. (1628) 30 A verie farre way from Africa. 1624 Gataicer Transubst. 204 Far travellers may lye by authority. 1820 Scott Monast. xxix, You could not miss the road .. it was neither far way nor foul gate. 1830 Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) I. 287 It would not be a far stretch of intellect to infer. f b. Of authority : Extensive. c 1400 Apol. Loll. 29 God 3aue him no farrer power, t c. Of a difference in kind or value : Great. Ohs. 1509 Fisher Fun. Serin. C’tess Richmond Wks. (18761 304 This shall be a farre dyfierence. 1631 Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 578 Valued, at a farre vnder rate, to bee worth., ten pound. t d. Of a person: Advanced (in age or know¬ ledge). Obs. c 1340 Cursor M. 15124 (Trin.) pis ihesus..was so wis & so fer in lore. 1591 Spenser M. Hubberd 218 As one farre in elde. 3 . The remoter of two; in early use also in the comparative. + The far side (of a horse, etc.) : the off or right-hand side. The fur akin (Sc.) : the hind right-hand (horse) in a team of four. Prob. far here represents the original compar. form fyrre. c 1400 Ro 7 ulaud O. 1227 With him Rowlande and Olyvere Appon the ferrere syde. e 1400 Dcstr. Troy 9054 Priam the prise kyng .. w’as feghtyng in the feld on the fer syde. i486 Bk. St. Albans Djb, Iff yowre hawke nym the fowle at the fer side of the Ryuer. .Then she sleeth the fowle at the fer Jutty. 1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 17 The farre ende of high holborn. 1617 Markham Caval. 11. 4 The white fore-foote, on the right side, commonly cald the farre side. 1641 Best Farm. Blcs. (Surtees) 12 To give them [lambes] .. the botte on the farre buttocke. 1724 Lend. Gaz. No. 6294/3 The Coronett of the far Hoof before. 1768 Sterne Sent. Journ. 95 She sat in a low chair on the far side of the shop. 1786 Burns Inventory 20 My fur ahin’s a wordy beast. 1883 Stevenson Treasure I si. 111. xiv. no On the far side of the open stood one of the hills. t Par, v. Obs. exc. dial. Also 1 feorr an, 3-5 fere, ferre, 4 south, dial, verri, fa. pfle . yverred. [OE .feorranfyrran = OHG .firren , ON. firra OTeut. type *firrjan , f. *ferr -, Far a.] trans. To put far off, remove. In mod. dial. only in the expression of a wish (see quots.). Const, from ; rarely with double obj. Beowulf 156 Grendel. .ne wolde wiS manna hwone feorh- bealo feorran. a 1300 E. E. Psalter Ixxxvii. 19 Neghburgh and fiend fered pou fra me. 1340 Aycnb. 240 pe stat of religion ssel by zuo yuerred uram pe wordle pet [etc.]. c 1380 Sir Fern mb, 3625 Richard was 11031 so ferred ys fon, pat hy hym po ne se3e. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 11. lxviii. (1869) 101 Thouh thou were forveyed other ferred from thi wey. 1855 Mrs. Gaskei.l North g* A. xvii, Pooh, wench ! latter days be faired ! 1863 — Sylvia’s L. (ed. 2) I. 189, I wish the man were farred who [etc.], b. refl. and intr. for red. a 1225 Alter. R. 76 He furse 5 (note ? fir res [printed firnes]) him awei urommard ure stefne. c 1315 Shoreiiam 164 God wyste wel that man schold. .uerry [ printed nerry] Fram alle heal the. 1340 Aycnb. 178 pe 1103d him uerrep . .urain pennes huer me brekp his nest. Par, obs. f. of Fair and Sc. f. Fare sb. and v. Par, obs. var. of Farrow, young pig. Fa:r-aboU't, adv. and sb. A. adv. fa. To a great distance around, everywhere (obs.). + b. At a great distance (obs.), + c. Far astray, out of the way (obs.). d. By far, very much (dial.). c 1300 Cursor M. 21821 (Cott.) Thoru him i regned ferr a-bute. c 1450 Pol. Poems (Rolls) 11 . 241 Wherfore concord ys put feer abow'te. 1483 Cath. Angl. 128 Ferre a-boute, multum distans a 7 of Farandman provided that a pedlar, not re¬ siding within the shrievalty, should have the right of bring¬ ing to trial, ‘ within the third flowing and ebbing of the sea any person who had committed theft or felony against him. [c 1205 Lay. 4262 Aiken farinde mon 3ef slalit o]?er haefde ]>eof< 5 e idon.] 14.. Fragmenta in Sc. Stat. I. App. v. 726 Partis striflande be }?e law of farandman or pipuderous. 1597 Skene Dc Verb. Sign., Farandman.. ane stranger or Pilgrimer. 1609 — Reg. Mag., Burro7v Lawcs clx, The law of Fairandman, or Dustifut. II Farandole (farancbl). [Fr. farandolc, atl. \\\o<\.Vr.farandoula in same sense. Cf. Sp . far an- dula troop of travelling comedians.] A Provencal dance in £ time (see quots.). 1863 Denise II. 23 The fete began with a farandole, that singular southern dance of the whole unmarried population. 1881 Leeds Mercury 3 May, A farandole is a kind of jig in which all the dancers join hands, winding in an intermina¬ ble string, and going from room to room, upstairs and down, to the tune of fast polka music. Far ant, var. Ferr aunt obs., iron-gray. Farash, obs. form of Feuash. Far-away (fariawt 7 '’, fa\i,awt T| ), a., adv. and sb. [f. Far adv. + Away.] A. adj. 1 . Situated at a great distance ; remote: a. in space ; b. in time; c. in relationship. 1816 Scott Antiq. xxix, * Relics, .fetched frae far-awa’ kirks/ 1818 — Rob Roy xiv, ‘Pate’s a far-awa’cousin o’ mine/ 1851 H. Melville Whale xxvi. 126 This far-away domestic memory of his young wife and child. 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Dcr. III. xli. 324 Far-away ancestors. 1883 Stevenson Treasure I si. in. xiii. (1886) 107 They .. gave a cheer that started the echo in a far-away hill. 1891 E. Peacock N. Brendon I. 56, I am really most gravely interested in these far-away matters. 2 . Of a look, eye: Directed to a distance, absent, dreamy. 1881 Dr. Gheist 204 That far-away look so characteristic of the human face when under the dominion of an all- FAR-BETWEEN. 71 FARCIMINOUS. absorbing idea. 1886 Hall Caine Ron of If agar 1. ii, The girl kneeled with far-away eyes. Hence Far-awayness, the state or fact of being far away, remoteness. 1888 Univ. Rev. II. 569 The far-awayness of Europe. 1888 Athenaeum 13 Oct. 480/3 The presence is to be remarked of (as it were) ‘ far-awayness' of touch [in a picture], B. adv. See Fak adv. C. sb. What is far away; distant parts; the ‘ dim distance ’. 1823 iloon (hie A utumn v, In the hush’d mind’s myste¬ rious far away. 18 . Loser. To the Stork i, O Stork ! that dost wing thy flight from the far-away ! Fa r-betwee n, a. ( )ccurring at long intervals ; infrequent. (Chiefly in predicative use, after Camp¬ bell’s echo of Blair’s phrase.) 1743 R. l: lair Grave 589 Its Visits Like those of Angels’ short, and far between. 1797 Campbell Pleas. Hope II. 372 Like angel-visits, few and far between. 1836-9 Dickens Sk. Boz , Elect. Beadle 1. 37 Occasions for their coming into direct collision are neither few nor far between. 1861 F. W. Robinson No Church I. 48 Travellers being so few and far between. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets x. 312 These pines are few and far between; growing alone or in pairs they stand like monuments upon the hills. t Far-cast p v. Obs. [f. Lar adv. + Cart vi] /rans. To cast to a distance off; in deriva¬ tives Jig. a 1340 Hampole Psalter i. 5 Dost f»e whilk wynd fercastis fra \>e face of [>e erth. Ibid. xxx. 28, I am ferkasten fra J>e clere syght of \>\ fairhede. f Hence Par-cast sb., the action or quality of casting (one’s thoughts) to a distance ; forethought, shrewdness, cunning. Cf. Cast sb. VI and VII. Par-ca ster, one who exercises forethought. Far- casting* vbl. sb., forethought, cunning. Far- ca sting* ppl. a., scheming, shrewd. c 1400 Destr. Troy 1447 Lo, how fortune is felle & of fer caste. Ibid. x. 4351 The fynde, with his falshed & his fer cast, .onswaret the pepull. Ibid. vm. 3950 Wise of his dedis, In fele thinges forwise, & a fer-caster. c 1400 Alaundcv. (1839) xx. 219 Of malice and of fercastynge ]?ei passen all men vnder heuene. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VL 23 Machometus was a wonderful man and fer castynge. 1480 Caxton Citron. Eng. clxii. 146 He was a fell man and a subtil enuious and ferre castynge. 1567-83 Leg. Bp. Sanctandrois 43 in Sempill Ball. 201 Then finding out ane new far cast y printed fas cast]. + Farce, sb. 1 Obs. Forms : 4-5 fars, 7-8 farce, [a. OF .farce, f. farcir, far sir L. farcire to stuff.] Force-meat, stuffing. ?c 1390 Form of Cury{ 1780) 75 Make a Cofifyn an ynche depe & do f>e fars [>erin. c 1430 Two Cookery-bks. 45 Take of the fars, and lay on J> e cake. 1727 Bradley Fain. Diet. s.v. Calves Ears , They must be. .unsew’d when ready, but so as the Farce may not fall out. 1796 Mrs. Glasse Cookery vi. 116 Make a farce with the livers minced small. 1823 Crabb Technol. Diet., Farces , meat chopped small, and well spiced. Farce (fats), sb . 2 Also 6-7 farse, 6 Sc. farsehe. [a. (in i6thc.) F. farce, app. a metaphorical use of farce stuffing: see prec. The history of the sense appears to be as follows : In the 13th c. the word (in latinized form furs a,farsia) was applied in France and England to the various phrases interpolated in litanies between the words kyrie and eleisou (e. g. ‘ Kyrie, genitor ingenite, vera essentia , eleison ■); to similar expan¬ sions of other liturgical formulae ; and to expository or hortatory passages in French (sometimes in rime) which were inserted between the Latin sentences in chanting the epistle. (The related vb. L .farcire, OF. farcir to stuff, hence to ‘ pad out interlard, was used in the same con¬ nexion in the expressions epistola farcita , tin bene die amns farci. See Du Cange s.vv. Farsa , Farsia, and Burney Hist. Music II. 256.) Subsequently the OF. farce, with similar notion, occurs as the name for the extemporaneous amplification or ‘gag’, or the interludes of impromptu buffoonery, which the actors in the religious dramas were accustomed to interpolate into their text. Hence the tran¬ sition to the modern sense is easy. (The Eccl. Lat. ft rsa, farcire, referred to above, have been anglicized by mod. writers on liturgical antiquities as Farse sb. and ?'.)] 1 . A dramatic work (usually short) which has for its sole object to excite laughter. [14 La Vicde St. Fiacre in Mysteres inidits 15™° Siecle (1837)1. 332 Cy est interpose une farsse.] 1530 Palsgr. 17 Suche as writte farcis and contrefait the vulgare speche. 1530 Lyndesay Test. Papyngo 41 In ballatts, farses, and in plesand playis. 1668 Pepys Diary 31 July, To the King’s House, to see the first day of Lacy’s ‘ Monsieur Ragou ’ .. a farce. 1726 Amherst Terrse Til. xliv. 235 Excellent farces so frequently .. perform’d in her [Oxford’s] convoca¬ tion-house. 1824 W. Irving T. Trav. I. 274 A tragedy, pantomime, and farce, were all acted in the course of half an hour. b. That species of the drama which is constituted by such works. 1676 Dryden Epil. Etheredge's Man of Mode 3 Those Nauseous Harlequins in Farce may pass. 1717 Lady M. W. Montague Let. 1 Jan., The scenes were pretty, but the comedy itself such intolerable low farce. 1756 Hurd Provinces of Drama Introd. Wks. (1811) II. 30 By Farce I understand, that species of the drama ‘ whose sole aim and tendency is to excite Laughter’. 1877 A. W. Ward in Encycl. Brit. VII. 438/1 English comedy seemed in¬ clined to leave to farce the domain of healthy ridicule. 2 . Something as ridiculous as a theatrical farce ; a proceeding that is ludicrously futile or insincere ; a hollow pretence, a mockeiy. 1696 tr. Du Mont's Voy. Levant 296 The Farce is too gross and visible. 1704 Prior Ladle 139 A Ladle, .is what I want..you have pray’d ill; what should be Great you turn to Farce. 1705 W. Wotton Defense 57 ’Tis all with him a Farce and all a Ladle, as a very facetious Poet says. 1762 Sterne Tr. Shandy v. xv, Unless every one’s Life and Opinions are to be looked upon as a farce. 1791 Burke Corr. (1844) III. 255 It is quite a farce to talk of his liberty. 1824 W. Irving ' 1 \ Trav. I. 246 The buzz of notoriety and the farce of fashion. 1888 Bryce Amcr. Comimv. 111 . lxxxix. 204 These delegates .. duly went through the farce of selecting and voting for persons already determined on by the King. 3 . at/rib. and Comb., ns farcc-scribbter, -tragedy; farce-like adj. a 1683 Oldham Horace his Art Poet. 362 in Some New Picces^iCS^) 19 Satyrs.. Whose Farce-like Gesture, Motion, Speech, and Meen Resemble those of modern Harlequin. 1695 Dryden tr. Du Frcsnoy's Art Painting Pref. p.xxvi, Farce-Scribblers make use of the same noble invention [laughter], to entertain Citizens. 1850 Kingsley Alt. Locke xxxvii, Those miserable, awful farce tragedies of April and June. Farce (tars), vd Obs. or arch. Also 4-9 farse, (5 faaroe, 5-6 farsV [ad. OF. farsir (Fr. farcir) = Vr. far sir I,, farcire to stuff.] To stuff, to fill full of something. Const, with. f 1 . trans. In cookery: To stuff (an animal, a piece of meat) with force-meat, herbs, etc. Obs. 13.. Medical Receipts in Pel. Ant. I. 51 Farse the catte within als thu farses a gos. r 1430 Two Cookery-bks. 41 Broche [fin Pygge *, hen farce hym. 1530 Palsgr. 545/2 This conye is well farced. 1586 Bright Melanch. xxxix. 252 Pigge. .farced with sage. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage 11. xviii. 173 If any farse a henne, the needle must be threeded the day before. 1727 Bradley Fam. Diet. s.v. Breast of Peal, Farce it between the Skin and small Ribs. 1736 Bailey Househ. Diet. 235 To farce Cucumbers. absol. 1501 Douglas Pal. Hon. 11. li. 1231 Martiall was cuik till roist, seith, farce and fry. t b. To farce together : to make into force¬ meat. Obs. 1653 B. Discolliminium 46 Polcatts Lites, and Hedge- hoggs Livers .. farced together with the galls of Wizards. + 2 . In embalming (see quots.). Obs. 1563 Homilies 11. Idolatry 111. (1859) 264 They bury dead bodies farced with spices. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 325 Some used to embalm .. the belly.. farced with cassia. 13 . To cram (the stomach, etc., oneself) with food. Also, To fill out (what is lean or shrunken). 1375 Barbour Bruce ix. 398 With gud morsellis [thai] farsis thair panch. 14.. Prose Legends in Anglia VIII. 154 She was..farsed wih goostly fodes. 1513 Douglas AEneis vm. Prol. 52 A gus .. To fars his wame full. 1599 B. Jon- son Ev. Man out of Hum. v. v, If thou would’st farce thy leane ribbes with it too, they would not rub out so many doublets, a 1632 T. Taylor God's Judgem. 1. 1. ix. (1642) 20 Never ceasing to farse his greedy throat with continuall sustenance. 1669 Address Young Gentry England 39 They farse themselves with the most exquisite delicacies. + 4 . gen. To cram full of\ to pack; also, to overlay thickly. Obs. c 1386 Chaucer Prol. 233 His typet was ay farsud ful of knyfes. 1569 Stockf.r Died. Sic. in. xiii. 124 b, A couer .. made of cowe hides farsed with wolle. 1577 Hellowes tr. Gueuara's Chron. 60 The ayre seemed to be farsed or com¬ pound with dust. 1583 Stanyhurst AEneis 1. (Arb.) 31 When they [bees], .cels ar farcing with dulce ana delicat hoonnye. 1607 Topsell Four-f Beasts (1673) 137 His cap- case farsed with things of great value. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. viii, (1632) 563 A Helmet of excellent proofe full farsed with Mayle. 1634 T. Johnson Farcy's Chirurg. xi. iii. (1678) 278 The wound must .. be inlarged .. that so there may be free passage .. for such things as are farced.. therein. 5 . Jig .; esp. To season, 'spice’ (a composition, speech). Also with up. (Cf. Farse v .) <3:1340 Hampole Psalter xv i. 11 J>ai heldf>aire pride farsid in felonyse. £1385 Chaucer L.G. IV. 1369 Hipsiph. <$• Medea , Wordes farsed with plesaunce. c 1400 Apot. Loll. 49 Stoffid and farsid wij? gold. 1406 Hoccleve La Male Regie 13 Farsid was I with hertes gladnesse. c 1555 Harpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII ( 1878) 116 The book .. is farced with many untruths. 1577-87 Holinshed Chron. I. 84/1 With what stuffe our old historiographers haue farced vp their huge volumes. 1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. Induct., Stale apothegmes .. to farce their^ Scenes withall. 1631 Massinger Believe as You List in. ii, Farce thy lean ribs with hope. 1678 Owen Mind of God viii. 233 Such notable sayings are many of our late Criticks farced withal. 1830 D’Israeli Chas. /, III. xi. 243 Their invec¬ tives were well farced for the gross taste of the multitude. 1834 Southey Let. in H. Taylor Autobiog. (1885) I. xvi. 280 Farcing it [a book], .with quotations, t 6. To stuff or force (something') into something else; also To farce in\ in quots. fig. Also to force (something) through (a strainer). Obs. c 1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 30 Take mustarde. .Stomper hit in a morter fyne, And fars hit [>urghe a clothe of lyne. 1579 Fulke Hoskins' Pari. 257 He farceth in another slaunder of vs. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage iv. iv. 361 Other prodigious miracles he farseth into his storie. Hence FaTced ppl. a. in senses of the vb. c 1420 Liber Cocorum (1862)36 Pygges farsyd. c 1430 Two Cookery-bks. 41 Capoun or gos farced. 1549 Ciialoner ErasnPns on Folly I ij a, Well farsed tables. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V, iv. i. 280 The farsed Title running ’fore the King. 1725 Bradley Fam. Diet. s.v. Carp , Farced Carps. t Farce, v . 2 Obs. [Cf. prec. 4 and Fard.] trans. To paint (the face). c 1400 Rom. Rose 2285 Farce not thi visage, c 1430 Lydg. Bochas 1. xiv, To shere my berde, and farce my vysage With oyntments. .To make it souple. Farce, obs. f. Force v . 2 and Farcedom (fausdom). nonce-wd. [f. Farce sb . 2 + -dom.] Farcical spirit or style. 1842 Mrs. Browning Grk. Chr. Poets 148 The broad farcedom of the earlier, however episcopal writers. t Farcement. Obs. rare- 1 , [f. Farce v J + -went. Cf. O V. far cement. ] Forcemeat, stuffing. 1627 77 Feltham Resolves 1. xciii. 145 They often spoil a good dish with, .unsauoury farcemcnts. Farcer (fa\isoj). [f. as prec. l-er 1 . Cf. F^ farceur .] One who writes or acts a farce. 1791-1823 D’Israeli Cur. Lit. (1859) II. 132 These were rather the low humour of the Mimes, than of the Atellan Farcers. 1813 J. Forsyth Remarks Excurs. Italy 300 note , [Some] consider Punch as a lineal representation of the Atellan farcers. 1813 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. LXX. 459 When a nation has once produced a great farcer. Farcere, var. of Farsure, Obs., stuffing. II Farcetta (farse*ta\ rare ~ l . [as if ad. It. farsetta , dim. of farsa Farce sb. 2 ] A short farce. 1835 Musical Library II. Supp. 48 After this came an exceedingly laughable Farcetta. II Farceur (farsor). [F. farceur, f. farcer to act farces, f. farce sb.] A joker, wag. 1828 J. P. Cobbett Tour Italy (1830) 8 This wag, or farceur, as his countrymen would call him.. ‘Aha’ex¬ claimed the farceur. 1877 Lockhart Mine is Thine xvii. (1878) 11 . 21 That rattling talker and farceur. 1884 Standard 30 Jan. 5/4 Mr. Barnum is a chartered farceur. t Farcic, ci. Obs. rare -1 . [f. Farce sb . 2 + -ic.] = Farcical a . 1 1. 1763 Brit. Mag. IV. 437 All the farcic droll’ry to sus¬ pend. Farcical (fausikal), aO [f. as prec. + -al.] 1 . Of or belonging to farce ; of the nature of farce. 1716 Gay What dye Call it (ed. 3) Pref., They deny the characters to be farcical, because they are actually in nature. 1744 Akenside Let. to Dyson Poems (1845) 276 A Dutch tragedy.. farcical beyond anything in Aristophanes. 1818 Foster in Life <$• Corr. (1846) II. 4 A farcical and operatic cast. 1877 Dowden Shales. Prim. vi. 65 The Comedy of Errors is Shakespere’s one farcical play. 2 . Resembling farce; extremely ludicrous ; that is matter only for laughter ; absurdly futile. 1739 Cibber Apol. (1756) I. 63 Vice and farcical folly. 1796 Campaigns 1793-4 I. 1. ix. 83 Fine farcical shew and parade. 1821 Edgeworth Mem. I. 69 My farcical marriage and more farcical divorce. 1865 Carlyle Fiedk. Gt. VL xvi. iii. 162 Nor is Death a farcical transaction. Hence Farcically adv., in a farcical manner. Farcicalness, farcical quality. a 1779 Langhorne (T.\ Images that are farcically low. 1836 T. Hook G. Gurney I. 54 That disposition to treat high and serious subjects farcically. 1864 Webster, Farci¬ cal ness. Farcical (fausikal), a 2 [f. Farcy + -ic+ -al.] l’ertaining to the farcy. 1762 Sterne Tr. Shandy V. i, I wish, .that every imitator had the farcy..and that there was a farcical house, large enough to hold. .them. 1847 Youatt Horse xv. 317 A mare had been the subject of farcical enlargements. Farcicality (faisikccliti). [f. Farcical aJ + -ity.] Farcical quality; an instance of this. 1849 T hackeray Lett. 3 Sept., [I] laughed, .but it was at pure farcicality, not at wit. 1865 Daily Tel. 29 May, The farcicalities of the actors were, .tragically interrupted. 1883 Pall Mall G. 14 Dec. 3/1 An exercise the farcicality of which shocks even reverent sceptics. 1888 Sat. Rev. 9 June 707 A mixture, .of risky but pardonable farcicalities. Farcied (fausid), ppl. a. [f. Farcy + -ed 2.] Affected with farcy. 1830 A. W. Fonblanque England Under 7 Administr. (18371II. 5 ° Sir Robert, the best, but farcied and touched in the wind. 1891 Daily News 30 Oct. 6/2 To render the slaughter of farcied, .horses compulsory. 1892 Ibid. 28 July 7/2 Eight horses, all glandered and some farcied.. in a stable. + Fa rciful, a. Obs. rare~ l . [f. Farce sb 2 on false analogy of fanciful .] Ludicrous, farcical. 1731 Medley Kolben's Cape G. Ilopel. 326 He had been several times diverted with her farciful extravagancies. Farcify (fausifoi), V. [f. Farce sb 2 + ~(i)fy.] trans. To turn into a farce. 1834 Sir F. B. Head Bubbles fr. Brunnen 86 They., farcify below stairs the ‘ comedy of errors ’ which they catch an occasional glimpse of above. 1837 Blackw. Mag. XLI. 173 Covent-Garden has had the vigour to farcify it for the merriment of mankind. f Fa’rcilite. Min. Obs. [f. Farce sbji + -(i)lite.] Pudding-stone ; conglomerate. 1799 Kirwan Gcol. Ess. 133 The calcareous Farcilite .. is formed of rounded calcareous masses .. cemented by a calcareous cement. 1811 Pinkerton Pet rat. I. 139 From their composition, they come under the denomination .. of farcilites. Hence Farcilitic a., consisting of farcilite. 1799 Kirwan Gcol. Ess. 256 Farcilitic mountains are .. common in the north of Scotland. J- Fa’rciment. Obs. [as if ad. L .*farcivicnt- um, f. farcire to stuff.] Stuffing ; seasoning. 1657 Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 160 Pastyes, Puddings, many farciments and biscake. 1681 tr. Willis' Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Farciments , stuffings or fillings of any¬ thing. + Farciminous, a. Obs. rare. [f. L .farcT- min-um farcy if. farcire : see 1 ‘ AKCE zO) + -OUS.] Of the nature of farcy. 1607 Topsell Four-/. Beasts (1673) 60 The humors which annoy the body of oxen are many.. the fourth is farciminous, wherein this whole body breaketh forth into mattry bunches. 1748 tr. Vtgetius' Distemf’. Horses 9 There are seven species of this Maul. The moist, .and the farciminous. FARCIN. 72 FARDELLAGE. t Fa’rcin. Obs. exc. dial, (in form fashion). Forms : 5 farseyn, 6-7 farcion, -yon, fashion, 6 farcine, -yn, 7-8 farcin. Also in //. 6 fas- sones, 6-8 fashions, [a. Fr. farcin :—L .farcT- minumx see prec.] = Farcy i. a 1425 Bk. Hunting xiii. (MS Bodl.546 fob 52 b), Fleyng manyew. .come)) moste conuineliche a boute J>e houndesers and yn hure legges J>an yn any oJ>er places as ]>e farsyn. 1523 Fitzherb. Hush. § 93 The farcyon is an yll soraunce. 1568 Turner Herball hi. 17 The farcye or fassones. a 1592 Greene & Lodge Looking Glass Dram. Wks. (1831) I. 67 If a horse have outward diseases as the spavin, .or fashion we let him blood. 1610 Markham Master#, n. iii. 392 The farcy (of our ignorant Smiths called the Fashions). 1686 Loud. Gaz. No. 2158/4 A black brown Colt ..very full of Knots, like the Fashions. 1727 Bradley Fam. Diet, s.v., The Farcin in Horses is the same as the Small-pox is in Men. attrib. 1667 Loud. Gaz. No. 211/4 A fine light Bay Stone- horse. .having some Fashion spots upon him. b. A farcy-bud. 1453 Paston Lett. No. 188 I. 255 Hese hors hath j. farseyn and grete rennyng sorys. 1617 Markham Caval. n. 22 Foule Farcions and other cankerous sores. t Fa rcinate, v. Obs. [f. L. farcinat- ppl. stem of farcinare to stuff.] trans. To cram, fill, stuff: a. (a place) with something; b. (the stomach) with food. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Tra?>. 25 Their too much farcinat- ing and late ore-charging their stomackes with fresh vic- tuall. Ibid. (1638) 318 Each Varella farcinated with ugly .. I dolls. 1775 in Ash. Farcing 1 (fausiij), vbl. sb. [f. Farce vA + -ingT] 1 . The action of the vb. Farce, in various senses ; an instance of this. c 1540 Snrr. Northampton Priory in Prance Addit. Narr. Pop. Plot 36 Continual ingurgitations and farcyngs of our carayne Bodies. 1611 Florio, Farsata, a farcing or stuffing of meat. Jig. 1602 Carew Cornwall 75 b. It minis¬ tered some stuffe to the farcing of that fable. 2 . concr. Stuffing, forcemeat. 1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 614/2 Neuer was there puddyng stuffed so full of farsynge. 1568 Hist. lacob <$■ Esau iv. v. in Hazl. Dodsley 11 . 236 Gcod herbs. .To make both broth and farcing. 1677 Compleat Sewant-Maid 107 'Fake out the farsing and put it in a dish. 3 . attrib. 1615 Markham Eng. Ilousew. (1660) 68 A bunch of the best farcing herbs. 1648 Herrick Hesper. I. 235 He who lookes Shall find much farcing Buckram in our Books. Farcinous (fausinas), a. [f. Farcin + -ous.] * Relating to, or being affected by farcy 9 {Syd. Soc. Lex.). Far-come (fa.i|kz?m), a. [f. Far adv. + Come ppl. a.~\ That has come from a distance. .... Laws Inexx.Yzov cumen [/lAS'.cuman; v.r. -cund]man. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. iii. 32 His ship farre come. 1675 Hobbes Odyssey x iv. 399 His far-come friend to entertain withal. 1819 L. Hunt Indicator No. 7(1822) I. 53 Gilbert Becket took to his arms, .his far-come princess. t Fa rcost. Obs. Also 3 ferr cost, fare-, south, vareeoste, 4 fercest, 7 fercost. [ad. ON. farkostr , f. far journey, ship -f kostr means, con¬ dition (Da. and Sw .farkost).] 1 . A kind of boat or ship. 1284 in Gilbert Hist. <$• Mini. Doc. Ireland (Rolls) 190 De qualibet navi que vocatur Farecost 8d. a 1300 Cursor AI. 24885 (Cott.) paa pat in pat ferr cost fard. ‘la 1400 Mortc Arth. 743 Wyghtly one pe wale thay wye up paire ankers, I n floynes and fercestez, and Flemesche schyppes. 1455 Will of Rawlyn (Somerset Ho.\ Dimidium vnius le Farecost vocat le Kateryn. 1597 Skene De Verb. Sign. s.v. Fcrcosta, Ane Fercost. .isinferior in birth and quantity to ane schip. 1609 — Reg. Maj., Stat. Alex. II. 19 Anie schip or fercost, or other veschell. 2 . Condition, welfare ; pi. circumstances. c 1205 Lay. 30735 Brien hine gon fraeine of his fare-coste. Ibid. 32028 Vnder pissen uare-coste he sumnede ferde. Farctate (faukt^t), a. Bot. [f. L. farct-us , pa. pple. of farcire to stuff + -ate 2 i] ‘Stuffed, crammed or full; without vacuities’ Webster 1832 (citing Martyn, who app. has only the L. farcins). Farcy (fausi), sb. Also 5-6 farsy(e, 7 farsey, farcie, 8 fassee. [variant of Farcin.] 1 . A disease of animals, csp. of horses, closely allied to glanders. 1481-90 Howard Househ. Blcs. (Roxb.) 400 Medesyn for a horse that had the farsy xij. d. 1552 Huloet, Farsye .. a sore vpon a beast or horse. 1614 Markham Cheap Hush. 1. xlix. (1668) 61 For the Farcy., with a knife slit all the knots .. and then rub in the Medicine. 1710 Lond. Gaz. No. 4674/8 Has had the Fassee. 1713 Derham Phys. Theol. 11. vi. 5 An Horse troubled with Farcy, .cured him¬ self of it in a short time by eating Hemlock. 1847 Youatt Horse viii. 185 Farcy is intimately connected with glanders. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 115 Glanders and farcy are less frequently caught in knackeries than in stables. b. = farcy-bud. 1684 Lond. Gaz. No. 1989/4 The Horse has a Sore or Farcy on the Off-side. 1770 Monthly Rev. 135 Horses., sent to the salt marshes .. Leave there their glanders and their farcies. 2 . The same disease as communicated to men. 1762 Sterne Tr. Shandy V. i, I wish from my soul, that every imitator.. had the farcy. 1865 Morning Star 4 Jan., A cabman died of ‘ acute farcy \ 3 . attrib. and Co tub., as farcy humour, sore , ulcer ; farcy bud, one of the small tumours which occur during the progress of farcy ; farcy button = prec., esp. applied where there is little thickening of connective tissue ; farcy cords, farcy pipes, the hardened lymphatic vessels found in most cases of farcy; ■j* farcy horse = farcied horse : see Farcied ppl. a. *533 Surtees Misc. (1890) 34 That no man put eny farcy horsses. .of the commen. 1802 Blaine Outlines Veterinary A rt( 1816)411 Every diffused swelling, .even ossifications and ligamentary enlargements are termed farcy humours. 1842 T. H. Burgess Man. Diseases Skin 182 The matter..of a farcy-bud will produce glanders. 1878 T. Bryant Pi-act. Surg. I. 76 Tumours or a knotty condition of the subcu¬ taneous glands, called ‘ farcy buds ’. Farcy (fausi), v. nonce wd. [? ad. Yx.farcir: see Farce v.~\ trans. To stuff. 1830 S. J. Barrington Pers. Sk. Own Times (ed. 2) II. 186 Poetry, with which the publishers were crammed and the public farcied. t Fard, faird, sb .' 1 Sc. Obs. Also 6 farde, 7 ferd. [Prob. identical with ME. Ferd OE. fyrd , fpdy etymologically a verbal abstract f. faran Fare v. to go, though recorded only in the sense expedition, army.] Motion, rush, impetus. Hence, Impetuosity, ardour; a violent onset. 1513 Douglas ZEneis vi. xi. 12 He persavis .. comand throw gresy sward His derrast son Enee with hasty fard. 1536 Bellenden Chron. Scot. x. viii. Ee ij a/i King Feredech .. ruschit with sic farde amang his ennymes, that he was excludit fra his awin folkis. 1563 Winzet Four Scoir Thre Quest. §33 Margin. note, At this place .. Iohne Knox maid a fel farde. 1639 R. Baillie Let. 28 Sept. Lett. <$• JrnIs. (1775) I. 170 Well understanding that the ferd of our hot spirits could not long abide in edge. 1681 Colvil Whigs Supplic. 1. 85 None gained by those bloody fairds But two three Beggers who turn’d Lairds. 1714 Ramsay Elegy J. Cowper 45 E’en tho’ there was a drunken laird To draw his sword and make a faird In their defence. + Fard (laid), sb.- Obs. exc. arch. [a. Fr .fard (OY.firt ma.se., farde fem.) ; of obscure etymology ; I )iez refers it to OHG .gi-farwit coloured, painted (fem. givarida, glossed fucata), pa.pple. of fantjan to colour.] Taint {esp. white paint) for the face. 1540 Pai.sgr. tr. Acolastus 1. i, A certain gay glosse or farde, such as women paynte them with. 1629 Z. Boyd Last Battell II. 959 Fard and foolish vaine fashions of apparell are but Bawds of allurement to vneleannesse. 1766 Smollett Treat. 160 Rouge and fard are more pecu¬ liarly necessary in this Country. 1791 J. Whitaker Review of Gibbon 4 The skeleton of history, not merely ..animated with life .. but. .rubbed with Spanish wool, painted with French fard. 1889 F. Barrett Under Strange Mask II. x. 8 The enamels and fards employed to conceal the mark of Time’s finger. fg. 1587 Mirr. blag., Locrinus xxvii, Though yee coloure all with coate of ryght No fayned fard deceaues or dimmes his sight. 1663 Sir G. Mackenzie Religious Stoic viii. (1685) 75 The fard of Eloquence. 1839 Thackeray •2nd Led. Fine Arts, Why will he not stick to copying her majestical countenance instead of daubing it with some .. fard of his own? + Fard (faid), v. Obs. Also 7 Sc. faird, feard. [ad. F. fard-er , f. fard\ see prec.] 1 . trans. To paint (the face) with fard, to hide defects and improve the complexion. a 1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 69 A lady.. that folke said she popped and farded her. c 1620 Z. Boyd Zion s Floivcrs (1855) 69, I farded have my face with fard most rare. 1653 A. Wilson Jas. I. 56 That Beauty, .so farded and sophisti¬ cated with some Court Drug. absol. 1584 Hudson Du Bartas * Judith in Sylvester's Du Bartas 738 He frisles and he fards, He oynts, he bathes. 2 . transf and fig. To embellish or gloss over (anything). *549 Compl. Scot. Prol. 16, I thocht it nocht necessair til hef fard it ande lardit this tracteit vitht exquiste termis. 1606 Birnie Kirk-Burial (1838) 11 Our funerals wherewith wi but feard death. 1637 Gillespie Fug. Pop. Cerent, iii. ii. 31 The. .inveagling trinkets, wherewith the Romish Whoore doth faird .. her self. 1674 Petty Disc. Dupl. Proportion Av, Euphonical Nonsence, farded with formality. 1816 Scott Old Mort. xxi, Nor will my conscience permit me to fard or daub over the causes of divine wrath. Hence f Fa’rded ppl. a. f Farding vbl. sb.. the action of the vb. Fard, the effect produced by this, f Fa’rding ppl. a. 1637 Rutherford Lett, lxxxii. (1862) I. 208 This farded and overgilded world. a 1651 Calderwood Hist. Kirk (1678) 458 They., mask a feigned heart with the vail of fairded language, a 1763 Shenstone Economy 11. 140 The farded fop, and essenc’d beau. 1545 Raynold Byrtli Mankyude' Prol. (1634) 6 Vtterly abhorring and defying all farding, painting, and counterfeit cast colours. x68i Colvil Whigs Supplic. (1751) 153 Like fairding on a face that’s wrinkled. 1637 Gillespie Eng. Pop. Cerent. Ep. Aiij, Her comely countenance is miscoloured with the farding lustre of the mother of Harlotes. Fard, obs. f. Feared, afraid, t Fardage. Obs. [a. Fr . fard age ( = Sp . far- daje , Pg. fardageniy It. fardaggio), f. farde : see Fardel.] 1 . The impedimenta of an army, baggage. 1578 T. N. tr. Cong. W. India 116 Cortes departed with his army in good order, and in the midst of them went the fardage and artillerie. 1600 Holland Livy xlii. Ixiv. 1153 Perseus, .putting his fardage and carriage before. t 2 . = Dunnage. (Used in charter parties about i860; now obs. among Eng¬ lish shippers.) Fardel(faudel ),sbJ arch. Forms: 4~6fardele, 4-7 far-, ferdel(l(e, (6 ferdle), 5 fardille, 6-7 farthel(l(e, 6-9 fardle, (7 fardal), 3- fardel, [a. OF .fardel (later fardeatO, dim. of farde burden, cognate with Sp., Yg.fardo. It has been suggested that the source of the Rom. word is Arab. fardah: see Devic s.v.] 1 . A bundle, a little pack ; a parcel. Also collect. Occas. in pi. Baggage (of a company of men). a 1300 Cursor II. 5004 (Cott.) pai .. did pair fardels be vndon. Ibid. 24947 (Cott ) Wid all pair fardel and pair fere >ai com till land. 1375 Barbour Bruce 111. 432 Sum..on lis bak ber a fardele. 1388 Wyclif Ruth ii. 9 Also if thou thirstist go to the fardels and drynke watris. a 1400-50 Alexander 5136 Foure hundreth Olifauntsin fere pis fardille to here. <1485 Digby Myst. (1882)1. 273 This ferdell of gere I ley vp my bakke. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon Iii. 176 He promysed to seme me and to bere my fardel. 1557 N. 1 *. (Genev.) Acts xxi. 15 We trussed vp our fardeles and went vp to Ierusalem. 1611 Shaks. Wint. T. iv. iv. 783 There lyes such Secrets in this Farthell and Box, which none must know but the King. 1681 Evelyn Diary (1827) IV. 259 Tis not easy to imagine the infinite fardles of papers. 1759 Sterne Tr. Shandy II. ix, A little diminutive pony.. under such a fardel. <1817 Hogg Tales 548 Thrie Priests Peblis in Pinkerton Scot. Poems I. 38 Allace. .this is ane haisty fair. f C. Display, pomp ; commotion, uproar, fuss. a 1300 Cui’sor M. 13212 (Cott.) pai ledd his licam vte o tun. Til sebastin wit mikel far. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 16263 He made gret fare flor pat Osewy was nought pare. 1375 Barbour Bruce xx. 126 Swa did he [Croune his 3oung sone] With gret fair and solempnite. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 419 Wawes of pe see .. brekep in pare Wip suche noyse and fare, c 1400 Gamelyn 199 Why makestow this fare? C1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 698 Baucillas, lat be thy fare, c 1440 Promp. Parr’. 150/1 Fare, or boost, jactancia, arrogancia. c 1475 Rauf Coityar 149 The King, .maid ane strange fair. + 7 . Condition, state, welfare; state of things, prosperity, success. What fare? what is the state of things? (cf. What cheer?). Obs. c 1250 Gen. fy Ex. 2771 For te loken hirdnesse fare, a 1300 Cursor M. 4238 (Cott.) Leue we now iacob in pis care To tell of ioseph and his fare. 1340-70 Alex. $ Dind. 150 For miche wildnede pe weight to witen of here fare, c 1375 Cato Major 11. xvii. in Anglia VII, Of oper mennes euel fare Envye makep him gleo. nt 1400-50 A lexander 2019 Fra pat I fraist haue pat faire of my faire lady. Ibid. 3257 pi wale gode. .fully feld alle pe fare pat falle suld on erthe. 14.. in Tundale's Vis. (1843) 77 He askede hur of hur fare. 1549 Latimer 4 th Serm. be/. Edw. VI (Arb.)^ 118 He knoweth hys fare by thys—he is eyther in joye or in payne. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, 11. i. 95 How now faire Lords? What faire? What newes abroad? C1611 Chapman Iliad xv. 214 Add thy care, O Phoebus .. that this so sickly fare Of famous Hector he recur’d. 8. Food, regarded with reference to its quality; supply or provision of food, regarded as abundant or scanty. 7 b make a fare : ? to provide plenti¬ fully (cf. 6 c). Bill of fare : see Bill 10. c 1205 Lay. 10236 Her wes unimete fare a pissere folc riche. c 1340 Gaw. $ Gr. Knt. 537 He made a fare on pat fest, for pe frekez sake. 1375 Barbour Bruce xvi. 46 He maid thame mekill fest and fa^. c 1475 Rauf Coifyear 112 Heir is hot hamelie fair. 1531 Elyot Gov. iii. xxii, The excesse of fare is to be iustly reproued. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. Jan. 44 Whose knees are weake, through fast and euill fare. 1667 Milton P. L. ix. 1028 After such delicious Fare. 1730-46 Thomson Autumn 191 Careless of to-morrow’s fare. 1774 Pennant Tour Scot, in 1772, 212 Their daily wretched fare, limpets and perriwinkles. 1816 Scott Tales Landl. Ser. 1. Introd., Such fare as the mountains of your own country produce. 1874 Lisle Carr Jud. Gwyitne I. ii. 62 Such homely dainties were not ‘ company fare *. fig. a 1592 H. Smith Serm. (1866) II. 168 What is the fare? Peace,joy, righteousness. 1651 Davenant Gondibert 11. 1. 61 Truth we grudge her as a costly fare. 1679 Gurnall in Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. cxix. 132 This is no more than family fare, what thou promisest to do for all that love thee. 1693 Dryden Juvenalx iv. 389 So few there are, Who will conform to Philosophick fare. 1727 De Foe Prot. Monast. iv, I shall have Neighbours Fare. III. 9 . alt rib. and Comb. (sense 4 b), as fare- free adj. Also fare indicator, an instrument for registering the fares paid in a public conveyance ; f fare-maker, a boaster. 1893 Daily News 5 Apr. 3/3 All the world knows that he is travelling *fare free. 1892 Pall Mall G. 14 Nov. 2/3 A *fare-indicator for cabs, c 1440 Promp. Parz>. 150 Fare makere, or bostowr z,jada!or. Fare fe j i), sbd Obs. exc. dial. [f. Fare v.~ ; see Farrow sb.] A litter of pigs. 1557 Tusser ioo Points Husb. Iv, The losse of one fare of thy sowe is greater, then losse of two calues of thy kowe. 1674-91 Ray S. ty E. C. Words 97 A Fare of Pigs is so many as a Sow bringeth forth at one time. 1736 Bailey Housh. Did. 341 When a sow has brought a fare of pigs. 1787 in Grose Prov. Gloss. Suppl. 1847 in Halliwell. f Fare, sb.s Obs. Also 8 phare. [ad. It .faro in same senses, ad. L. pharus, Gr. dpos Phakos.] The name of a promontory (marked by a light- f house) at the entrance of the Strait of Messina. Hence, the strait itself. More fully The Fare of Messina. 1628 Digby Voy. Medit. (1868) 26 A shippe plying to gett into the fare of Messina. 1720 Lond , Gaz. No. 5827/1 Before they could get out of the Phare. 1730-6 Bailey (folio), Fare , a watch-tower at sea, as the Fare of Messina. 1739 Encour. Sea/ People 38 He stood in about the Point of the Fare towards Messina. + Fare, sbA Obs. [Belongs to Fare vJ] A certain game at dice. *53° [see Fare *r. s ]. 1847 in Halliwell. Fare (fe°i), v . 1 Pa. t. and pa. pple. fared. Forms : Inf. 1-2 faran, 2-5 faren (Orm. farenn), 4-5 faryn, 3-4 south, vare, veare, 4-5 far, 6 farre, 4-7 fair, fayr(e, (5-6 faar(e, 6 faer), 3- fare. Fa. t. (str.) 1 for, 2-3 for (south, vor), 4-5 fore, (4 fer, foure, 4-5 foore), 4-7 fur(e, 6 Sc. fuir(e, 8 Se. foor. Pa./pie. (str.) 1- 4 faren, 3-5 farin, -yn, 4-6 farn(e, fare, (5 fairen). Pa. t. and pa. pple. (weak) 5 faryd, 6 fard(e, (7 feared), 6- fared. [A Com. Teut. str. vb.: OE. faran, pa. t. f 6 r, pa. ppl e. faren, corresponds to OFris. far a, for, faren, OS. faran, fSr , ( gifaran (Du. varen, voor, ge- varn ), OHG. faran, fuor, (gi)faran (MLIG. var(c)n, vuor,gevar(c)ii) f/S.fara,f 6 r,farenn (Da. fare, foer, far et, Sw.^ fara,for,far it), Goth .faran, for, farans OTeut. faran, for, farano-, f. pre- Teut. *por-, por-, f. Aryan root fer, por , por to pass through, whence many derivatives in all the Aryan langs.: cf. Sk .par,pr to carry through or across, Gr. irupos way, passage, ford, L. portdre to carry; also the words mentioned under Far, For. The change from the strong to the weak conjugation seems to have been due in part to the influence of the derivative vb. Fere* which in Eng. had the same sense, though in the other Teut. langs. its equivalent expressed the transitive sense ‘to carry*. In the present stem this vh. became ob¬ solete before 14th c.; but its pa. t. and pa. pple. jerd(e (in northern dialects also fard(e) continued in use, virtually serving as inflexions of fare. The irregular wk. vb. thus produced (fare,ferd) became regular {/are, fared') before the 16th c. The strong pa.t., already comparatively in¬ frequent in ME., seldom appears after 15th c. exc. in Sc.; of the strong pa. pple. we have no examples after 16th c.] I. To go, travel. 1 . intr. To journey, travel, make one’s way. Now a?'ch. or poet. f In early use occas. with cognate obj. To fare a voyage, a way (cf. way¬ farer, -inf). 971 Blickl. Horn. 15 Nu we faraj? to Gerusalem. 1154 O. E. Ch 7 ‘on. an. 1135 On pis xaere for se King Henri ouer sas. c 1205 Lay. 2412 Alch mon mihte faren 5end hire lond [>aih he here raed gold, a 1300 Cursor M. 3295 (Cott.), I am a man farand \>e way. ^1314 Guy Warm. (A.) 1101 Nov is Gij to Warwike fare, c 1350 Will. Palerne 5079 He had ferrest to fare. 1375 Barbour Bruce xi. 530 To the castell thai thoucht to fair, c 1450 Myrc 265 Whenne they doth to chyrche fare. 1530 Lyndesay Test. Papyngo 100 Quhare euer I fure, I bure hir [the bird] on my hande. 15.. Sir A. Barton in Surtees Misc. (1890) 64 Nor a Burgesse voy(a)ge we der not farre. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. i. 11 Resolving forward still to fare. 1609 Heywood Brit. Troy xv. Ivi, Eneas, madly Faring Through flames. 1664 Flodden F. i. 5 And how he fared was into France. 1667 Milton P. L. ii. 940 On he fares, .half on foot, Half flying. 1725 Pope Odyss. x. 683 Sadly they fared along the sea-beat shore. 1794 Burns There 7oas a lass ii, O’er the moor they lightly foor. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. iii. 1. iv, Abbe Sicard, with some thirty other Nonjurant Priests .. fare along the streets. 1855 M. Arnold Poems, Resignation 69 Through the deep noontide heats we fare. fig. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. 11. v. v, Altars, .changing to the Gobel-and-Talleyrand sort, are faring by rapid trans¬ mutations to—shall we say, the right Proprietor of them? 2 . In wider sense = Go. + a. of persons, lit. To let fare : =to let go. Obs. a 1123 O. E. Chron. an. 1101 pa heofod men heo betwenan foran. a 1300 Cursor M. 3935 (Cott.) pe angel badd [iacob] lete him far. £1385 Chaucer L. G. W. 2209 Ariadne, She .. kyssed .. The steppes of hys fete, there he hath fare. a 1400-50 Alexander 5549 Sum. .farand as bestis. ?c 1475 Sqr. lowe Degre 739 To morowe ye shall on hunting fare. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. iii. 15 One knocked at the dore, and in would fare. + b. fig. Obs. a 1225 St. Marher. 6 He of wre 3 $e for neh ut of his iwitte. 1552 Lyndesay Monarche 5325 First wyll I to the Scripture fare. f c. To depart from life ; to die. Obs. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 115 He seal faran to pan eche liue for his treowscipe. ri2oo Vices Virtues (1888) 15 IE r fiane he of Sese liue fare, c 1220 Bestiary 731 Hise lo 5 e men sulen to helle faren. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 1393 Hwi ne hihe we for to beon i-fulhtnet .. ear we faren henne ? a 1300 Cursor M. 2356 (Cott.) His fader was farn o liue. Ibid. 25441 (Cott.) Fast i fund to fare, c 1330 Arth. 4 Merl. 70 Out of this warld y most fare. 1340-70 Alex. < 5 * Dind. 330 We. .leue pat pe soule .. schal fare to blisse. 1377 Langl. P, PI. B. vii. 98 Whan he shal hennes fare. f d. To fare on : to rush upon, assault. Obs. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) I. 10 He..fuir on thame with sic a felloun force. t e. Of a liquid, a stream : To flow, ‘ nm Of immaterial things, esp. time : Togo, pass, proceed. Obs. or arch. c 1250 Gen. <5* Ex. 2153 De vii. fulsum 3eres faren. a 1300 Cursor M. 1034 (Cott.) Flummes farand in fer landes. c 1400 Destr. Troy 149 A fame pat fer in fele kynges londes. 10 FARE 74 FAREWELL. a 1400-50 Alexander 3901 Foure houres full fame & J>e fifte neghes. 15.. Smyth <$• Dame 327 in Hazl. E. P. P. III. 213 That bloud out gan fare. 1827 Hood Hero <$* L. xciv, The crystal skin Reveals the ruby tide that fares within. f. To fare astray (f mi slick e, amiss ): = to go astray. Obs. or arch. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 119 He seal misliche faran on monie gedwil]>an. c 1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 2337 Why and whare- fore hyt hys, That }oure syght fareth amys. Ibid. 2756 Thou levest wykked concel iwys, That makes the fare amys. 1596 Spenser Hymn IIeav. Love xxviii. (1611), When we fared had amis, a 1849 J. C. Mangan Poems { 1859) XI 9 I s it earthly music faring astray. f g. To ‘go \ range, have a place. Obs. rare— 1 . 1704 J. Logan in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. IX. 293 The fields and boats fare before schools or books. f h. To ‘go pass, change into something else. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. lxv. (1495) Whan the water heetyth, therof comyth whytnesse as it faryth in foom. 3 . rarely trans. +a. To tread (underfoot), b. Of a horse : To take (a person) along. c 1460 Towneley Myst. 120 Under my feete I shalle thaym fare, Those ladys that wille [not] lere my lare. . 1867 Carlyle Remin. (1881) II. 139 Ourselves two alone in the world, the good [pony] ‘ Larry ’ faring us. II. With reference to behaviour or condition, f 4 . To ‘ go on ’, behave, conduct oneself, act. a 1300 Cursor M. 11807 (Gott.) pat wili wolf, pat for sua fals. Ibid. 16762 + 4T (Cott.) Mony grete clerkez. .Seghen pe son fare soo. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 599 He. .fares als an unresonabel beste. £•1400 Destr. Troy 6 54, I will you faithfully enforme how ye fare shall, Your worship to wyn. 1470 Malory Arthur xx. xii, Ye fare as a man that were aferd. 1563 87 Foxe A. <$• M. (1596) 65/1 He fared as one out of his wits. 1697 Dryden Virg. YEneid vii. 534 Thus fares the Queen, and thus her fury blows Amidst the crowd. + ta. To ' go on ’ impetuously, rage, rail [against). Obs. Cf. Fare sb> 6 c. 1603 Holland Plutarch's Mor. 98 One who being bidden to reade .. a poore seely Epigram .. taketh on and fareth against the paper wherein it is written. 1609 — A mm. Mar¬ cell. xvi. iv. 60 Constantius having intelligence hereof, fared and fumed. Ibid. xvi. xi. 73 They fared and raged above their wonted manner. d c. With prep, by, zvith : To deal with, treat, esp. in To fare fair or foul with. Also in indirect passive. To fare zvith oneself : to behave. Obs. 1 34 ° _ 7 ° Alex. <$■ Bind. 266 Wip him fare as a fol pat failede his wittus. c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. p 825 So faren they by wommen. a 1450 Knt.de la Tour (1868) 25 It is gret drede to fare foule with hem in suche materes. 1470-85 Malory Arthur \ 11. xxiii, Dame Lyones .. soo faryd with her self as she wold haue dyed. 1483 Vnlgaria abs Terentio 9 b, He is a man. .that few men can .. faare wyth all. 1493 Festivall (W. de W. 1515) 34 b, Whan they se him [Christ] so foule faren with. 1526 Tindale 2 Cor. v. 11 We fare fayre with men. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World II. v. vi. § 3. 621 Demetrius, .fared very angerly with his brother. + d. To fare zvith (a thing): to make use of, employ, possess ; to live upon (food). Obs. #1340 Hampole Psalter ci. 9 My fas..sware pat it is ypocrisy pat i fare with. 1340-70 Alex. <$• Dind. 202 Fode for to fare wip. Ibid. 242 To witen of pe wisdam pat wip faren. Ibid. 618, & al pat weihes in pis word scholde wip fare, a 1400-50 Alexander 2944 Quat faris pou with? 5 . fa. Followed by as though , as if\ that; To act so as to cause an expectation or belief,; to pretend. Also To let fare. Obs. 1483 Vulgaria abs Terentio 17 b, If thou be wyse fare as thowe thou knowist nott. a 1535 More De Quat. Noviss. Wks. 73/2 It maketh the stomak wamble, and fare as it would vomit. 1548 Udall, etc. tr. Erasm. Paraph. John vii. 19, 20 They let fare as if they thought the multitude did not knowe their wickednes. 1570-6 Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 301 He would, .fare in shew as though he would have flowne in their faces. 1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 11 Thai fare that this singulariti in philosophi is like to grow to a shrode matter. 1633 D. Rogers Treat. Sacraments 1. 121 Doe ye fare, as if the Lord bade yee come hither? b. To seem likely, bid fair. dial. (With inf. it is often little more than a periphrasis for the finite vb.) 1849 Dickens Dav. Copp. xlvi, * How do you fare to feel about it, Mas’r Davy?’ 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., ‘She [a cow] fares a cauving.’ 1876 Whitby Gloss., His ailment fares to go hard with him. 1883 19 th Cent. Oct. 595 Fares as if they mos’ of 'em goes lip country. 1884 Mehalah i. 7 When she fares to say or do a thing, there is no staying tongue or hand. 1888 Rider Haggard Col. Quaritch III. v. 77 The skilly, .do fare to take the skin off your throat. 6 . itnpers. To ‘go’; to happen; to turn out. Occas. with zvell, ill, etc. Const. + by, zvith. c 1230 Halt Mcid. 7 Sekerliche swa hit fareS. 1340-70 Alex. $ Dind. 795 So it farep by 3011 folk pat fillen 3011 siluen. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 89 He forgeteth that one wyth that other and so faryth by me. 1586 Cogan Haven Health ccxiii. (1636) 223 It fareth by them as it doth by a lampe. 1655-60 Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) 31/2 It fares alike with good and bad. 1671 Milton P.R. m. 443 So fares it when with truth falsehood contends. * 7. x 3 ^>vvift Freiizy 0/ J. Denny, Beware .. that it fare not with you as with your predecessor. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. xliv, How fares it with the happy dead? 7 . To * get on * (well or ill) ; to experience good or bad fortune or treatment. riooo /Elfric On N. T. (Gr.) 20 Hu mm3 se man wel faran, pe [etc.]. <11300 Cursor*M. 11900 (Cott.) Send him quar he faris werr. 1375 Barbour Bruce ill. 548 The king then, .speryt. .How thai. .had fame. 1382 Wyclif 3 John 2, I make preyer, thee for to entre, and fare welsumly. £1450 Merlin 71 He farith well and is in hele. c 1460 Townelcy Myst. 62 For we fare wars than ever we fowre. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 6 How he fuir that tyme. It war ouir lang .. to tell. 1587 Turbf.rv. Trag. T. (1837) 10 Remember how fonde Phmton farde. 1607 Hieron Wks. I. 193 His children had their heads cut off, and all his race feared the worse for his sake. 1612 Rowlands Knaue of Harts 41 The world did wrangle for their wealth, And Lawyers far’d the better. 1703 Pope Thebais 520 So fares a sailor on the stormy main. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 130 p 1 Fearing that his Poultry might fare the worse for it. 1755 Mem. Capt. P. Drake I. vii. 50 Colonel Tatton .. kindly asked me. .how I fared of my Wound. 1784 Cowper Task iv. 341 Ill fares the traveller now. 1829 Lytton Discnvncd 6 How fares your appetite? 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 161 Sculpture fared as iU as painting. 1871 Freeman Norm. Com/. (1876) IV. xvii. 77 We shall see hereafter how he fared on his errand. Phrase. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 412 That ancient check of going far and faring worse. 1862 Stanley Jew. Ch. I. ii. 38 We may go much farther and fare much worse. 8. spec. To be (well or ill) entertained with food ; to feed {well, ill, hardly, sumptuously, etc.). 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. vi. 8 Whenne ich hadde myn hele . .and louede wel fare. 1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 651/2 Saynt John .. fasted and fore hard. 1607 Shaks. Timon hi. vi. 37 Feast your eares with the Musicke awhile : If they will fare so harshly. 1611 Bible Luke xvi. 19 A certaine rich man..fared sumptuously euery day. 1666 Pepys Diary (1879) IV. 215, I do not think they fared very hard. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 479 P 3, I fared very well at dinner. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VII. 324 No animal fares more sumptuously. 1856 Kane A ret. Exfl. I. xv. 169 Our breakfast, for all fare alike, is hard tack. 9. Used in imperative with well, as an expression of good wishes to a parting friend, or as a mere formula in recognition of parting; = Farewell int. arch . a. with the person as subj. (see sense 7 ). + Also occas. in infinitive. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xm. 180 Frendes, fareth wel. c 1386 Chaucer Wife's T. Prol. 501 Let him farwel, God give his soule rest, c 1440 York Myst. xvii. 204 Fares wele, 3e be bygilid. 1533 Gau Richt Pay (1888) 109 Fair now veil. 1551 Robinson tr. More's Utop. (Arb.) 166, I byd you moste hartely well to fare. 1582 T. Watson Centurie of Loue i. (Arb.) 37 Well fare the life. .1 ledde ere this. 1611 Bible Acts xv. 29 Fare ye well. 1826 Beddof.s Let. to B. Procter Poems 171 Fare, as you deserve it, well. 1859 Tennyson Elaine 692 A diamond is a diamond. Fare you well. A thousand times ! b. wipers, (see sense 6) with dat. 1671 H. M. tr. Erasm. Colloq. 544 If*they prefer gain before godliness, fare them well. 1676 Hobbe^ Iliad xx. 321 Fare him well. 1816 Byron Fare thee well 1, For ever, fare thee well, a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) I. 247 Beloved, fare thee well! 1877 Holderness Gloss., Fares-te-weel: fare thee well. -fill. 10. To ache, throb, dial. ? Obs. [Perh. etymologically ‘ to go on rage: cf. 4 b.) 1781 in Hutton Tour to Caves Gloss. 1847 in Halliwell. IV. In phraseological combination with advbs. fll. Pare about. To go about, set oneself. Obs. 1563 J- Pilkington Burn. Panics Ch. v. sig. Q ij, Theym that fare about to doe againste the ordinance of God. 12. Fare forth, (analytical form of OE. ford- faran). See Fare v . 1 and Forth. a. To go forth, depart, start. c 1200 Tr in. Coll. Horn. 225 To heueriche hie sulle fare for 5 mid ure drihte. 1375 Barbour Bruce 111. 345 All hyr cumpany, Lap on thar horss, and furth thai far. c 1400 Melayne 206 Rowlande .. Fares forthe with Baners brade. 1647 H. More Song of Soul 1. 1. xxvi, Like Doves so forth they fore. 1727-38 Gay Fables 1. 1. xiv. 5 Forth he fares, all toil defies. 1853 Kingsley Hypatia xxi. 258 Before sun¬ rise. .Raphael was faring forth gallantly. f b. To go on, advance, with respect either to space or time. In the latter sense also quasi -impers. x 34 ° _ 7 ° Alex. <5- Dind. 939 Whan he is fare so for)? fer in his age. £1350 Will. Palcrnc 3260 It was fork [to] ni3t faren hi k at time. t c. To go by, pass away. Obs. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 1629 Pinen, \>e fare* 1 for 5 in an hondhwile. f 13. Fare up. To get up. Obs. a 1400-50 Alexander 545 pan faris scho vp and farkis furth a fute or tway. Fare, Obs. [var. of Farrow v.] intr. Of a sow : To litter. Hence Fairing ppl. a. 1573 Tusser Hush. (1878) 74 Sow ready to fare. Ibid., Good faring sow. t Fare, Obs. To play at the game called ‘fare’: see Fare sbA Obs. 1530 Palsgr. 545/2, I fare, I playeat a game so named (at the dyse). 15.. Jack Juggler in Hazl. Dodslcy II. 115 A corner .. Where boys were at dice, faring at all; When Careaway with that good company met, He fell to faring withouten let. Fare, obs. var. Fear v. Fareden, var. of Foreden, ME., enmity, t Fa*re-fee. Obs. rare. [f. Fare v. + Fee sb.-~\ A fee paid on quitting a tenancy. 1523 [see Farewi*l B2]. fFa*relet. Obs. rare— 1 . See quot. [Perh. a mistake for Forcelet.] 1602 Fulbecke Pandcdes 43 He that couenanteth to defend a castell or farelet is not bound, if warre bee raised through his fault, to whome bee made the couenant. Farendine, var. of Farandine, Obs. Farer (fe^roi). Also 6 Sc. farar. [f. Fare v. + -erL] A traveller. Chiefly with defining sb., as Seafarer, Wayfarer, etc. [1513 Douglas AEneisv. xiii. 30 The wind, .followit fast the se fararisbehynd.] 1881 Century Mag. XXIII. 52 Open as the highway to all farers. Fare way, var. f. of Fairway, Farewell (fe»i|We*l). int. Also^. (a.) and adv. Forms : 4-6 farwel(l(e, 4-8 farewel, (5 fayrwell, 6 fairewell,fearewele), 5-farewell. [The phrase fare well (see Fare 7;. 9) treated as one word.] A. int. 1 . An expression of good wishes at the parting of friends, originally addressed to the one setting forth, but in later use a mere formula of civility at parting ; Goodbye ! Adieu! Now poet, or rheto¬ rical, and chiefly implying regretful feeling. 1377 Langl. P. PL B. xi. 41 ‘ 3 ee, farewel phippe !’ quod fauntelte. £1440 York Myst. xli. 458 Fayrwell ! Godson, thowe grant vs thy blyssng. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. vii, Fare well, shesayde, for I must parte you fro. 1601 Shaks. All's Well 11. i. 36, I am your accessary, and so farewell. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 718 And now farewel. 1821 Byron Mar. Fal. iv. i, Farewell !—we meet no more in life !—farewell! 1871 R. Ellis Catullus xlvi. 9 Farewell company true, my lovely comrades. 2 . fig. An expression of regret at leaving any¬ thing, or a mere exclamation = Goodbye to, no more of. Also farczucll to, and farewell it. £1385 Chaucer L. G. W. Prol. 39 Whan .. that the floures ginnen for to springe Farwel my book and my devocioun I c 1386 — Nut's T. 1902 Farewel physike; go here the man to cberche. ?£i475 Sqr. lo 7 ve Dcgre 941 Farewell golde, pure and fyne ; Farewell velvet, and satyne. 1584 R. Scot Discov. Witcher, hi. ii. 33 All the vertue thereof is gone, and farewell it. 1659 B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 139 And if she yeilded, farewel Bavaria. 1697 Dry¬ den Virg. Past. vm. 82 Farewell ye secret Woods, and shady Groves. 1766 Fordyce Serm. Yng. Wom.(ij 6 y)l.y. 193 Fare¬ wel to real friendship, farewel to convivial delight ! 1784 Cowper Task 1. 247 So farewel envy of the peasants’ nest. t b. Proverb, Farezvcllfieldfare ; said to one of whom the speaker wishes to see no more, with allusion to the fieldfare’s departure northward at the end of winter. Obs. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus hi. 812 The harme is don, and farewel feldyfare. c 1400 Rom. Rose 5513. C. In the name of a plant (see quot.). 1878 86 Britten & Holland Plant-n., Farewell Summer, Saponaria officinalis L.. .From its flowering in the months of August and September. B. sb. 1 . a. The int. used subst. as a name for itself, and hence for any equivalent, as in To say far-ezvell to. With this has now coalesced the originally distinct use in To bid farewell, where farewell represents historically the infinitive, not as else¬ where the imperative , of the vbl. phrase, b. An utterance of the word ‘ farewell ’; any expression or act equivalent to this; a parting salutation, formal leave-taking, adieu. 1393 Gower Conf. II. 268 But farewell she was ago Unto Pallas. 1526 Tindale Ads xviii. 21 Bad them feare well. 1570 North Doni's Mor. Philos. (1888) IV. 229 For a fare¬ well . .he will yerke out behinde and put him in daunger of his life. 1587 Janes in Hakluyt's Voy. III. 113 But we, little regarding their curtesie, gaue them the gentle fare¬ well, and so departed. 1633 Ford Broken H. iv. iv, She.. begg’d some gentle voice to tune farewel To life and griefs. 1684 Bunyan Pilgr. 11. 12 So their Visitor bid them farewel. 1710 Addison Whig Exam. No. 1 p 14, I take my farewel of this subject. 1758 S. Hayward Serm. xvi. 490 He was going to bid all things here an everlasting farewel. 1770 Goldsm. Des. Vill. 367 Fondly look’d their last, And took a long farewell. 1838 Lytton Alice 53 She had wept her last farewell on her mother’s bosom. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. cxxiii, I cannot think the thing farewell. 1880 Ouida Moths I. 116, ‘I came to bid you farewell’, he said softly. 1884 Illust. Lond. News 1 Nov. 410/2 The ‘farewells’ .. of actors and singers are not always to be depended on. J* 2 . A payment on quitting a tenancy. Obs. 1523 Fitzherb. Sum'. 25 b, The tenant, .shall make a fyne with the lorde for his dep[ar]tyng. .and it is called a farefee or a farewell. f 3 . iransfi. An after-taste, twang. Obs. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 183 The Jacke .. leaves a clammy farewell in the mouth, but addes a double benefit to the stomacke. 1648 Sanderson Serm. II. 245 Temporal advantages of wealth [etc.], .have a very ill farewel with them at the last. 1759 Boyer Fr. <5* Fng. Did. s. v., This wine has a sad farewell with it. 4 . cittrib. passing into an adj.: Pertaining ter a farewell, accompanying or signifying a farewell. (In this use the stress is variable: most commonly fa'rewelV) a 1711 Ken Hymns Evang. Poet Wks. 1721 I. 182 He num’rous Farewell-Blessings on them pour’d. 1712 Addison Sped. No. 445 P 2 Writers, who have taken their Leave of the Publick in farewel Papers. 1713 Tickell Prospect of Peace 41 The hardy Vet’ran .. Leans on his Spear to take his farewell View. 1769 Falconer Did. Marine (1789), Coup de parlance, a farewell gun. 1822-56 De Quincey Confess. (1862) 108 A few final or farewell farewells. 1856 Kane Ard. Expi. I. x. 115, I accompanied them with my dogs as a farewell escort for some miles. b. applied to the point where one ‘ bids fare¬ well to ’ or parts from a person or thing. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. A ij, The Lizard being the farewel Cape to most Ships that sail out of the British Seas. 1865 Page Handbk. Geol. Terms fed. 2), Farewell Rock. The familiar term in the South Welsh coal-field for the Millstone Grit, because on striking it the miner bids fare¬ well to all workable seams of coal. + C. adv. (cf. Adieu adv. 1) To go farezvell : to go away, be dismissed. Obs. c 1391 Chaucer Astrol. 11. § 23 Let A & F [two stars] go farwel til agayns the dawenyng a gret while, FAREWELL. 75 FARING. Farewell (leoiwcl), v. Also 7 farwell. [f. prec.] a. trails. To take leave of, bid or say good-bye to. b. intr. To say good-bye. *“ 1580 Sidney Arcadia (1622) 93 She brake from their armes .. And fare-welling the flocke, did homeward wend. 1606 tr. Rollock's Led. on 1 2 Tit ess. 1. xxvi. 325 After tryell if thou findst it [his doctrine] sound .. keep it; if not, faire- well it. a 1657 Loveday Lett. (1663) 28 It put some doubts to flight that you had farwell'd Barningham. a 1693 Urquhart Rabelais 111. xliii. 356 Pantagruel .. farewell'd .. the President. 1885 R. F. Burton iooi Nights I. 122 She farewelled me with her dying eyes. II Farfalla. Obs. rare. [It. farfalla a candle- fly or moth.] (See quots.) 1607 Sylvester /hi Bartas n. iv. 11.(1641) 208/1 [New Farfallal in her radiant shine, l'oo-bold, I burn these tender wings of mine. 1626 Cockeram, Farfalla, a Candle-Fly. Far-famed (fauifrbmd), a. [f. Fab adv. +- Famed ppl. a.] That is famed to a great distance; well-known, widely celebrated. 1624 Massinger Part Love 11. iii, The far-famed English Bath. 1725 Pope Odyss. x. 162 Stern /Eostes came The far-fam'd brother of th’ enchantress dame. 1818 Cobbett Pol. Reg. XXXIII. 539 That far-famed sanctuary of the laws. 185s Kingsley Heroes v. (1868) 66 The far-famed slayer of the Gorgon. 1867 I.ady Herbert Cradle L. vii. 168 This was the far-famed valley of Eshcol. + FaT-fet, a. Obs. [f. Fab adv. + fet, pa. pple. of Fet v. Obs.] 1 . =Fab-fetched 1. 1579 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 93 Farre fet and deere bought is good for Ladyes. 1581 Sidney Astr. 4- Stella (1622) 536 Those far-fet helpes. 1613 Beaum. & Fl. Honest Man's Fort. 111. iii, Your far-fet viands please not My appetite. 1671 Milton P. R, 11. 401 Others. .Whose pains have earn’d the far-fet spoil. 2 . = Far-fetched 2. x 533 More Ans'iv. Poysotted Bk. Wks. t 123/2 In .. hys farre fet reason, neyther is hys maior true, nor hys argu¬ ment toucheth not the matter. 1580 Sidney Arcadia iii. (1590)360 Therewith he told her a farre-fet tale, a 1680 Butler Rein. (1759) II. 116 For Metaphors, he uses to chuse the. .most far-fet that he can light upon 3 . as sb. (See quot.) rare — 1 . 1589 Puttenham Eng. Pocsie iii. xvii. (Arb.) 193 The figure Mctalepsis , which I call the farfet, as when we had rather fetch a word a great way off then to vse one nerer hand to expresse the matter aswel and plainer. t Far-fetch, sb. Obs. [Back-formation from Fab-fetched.] 1 . A deeply-laid or cunning stratagem. a 1562 G. Cavendish Life Wolscy (1827) 129 Ye may see ..how she can compass a matter to work displeasure by a far fetch. 1566 Gascoigne & Kinwelmarsh Jocasta 11. i, This minde of mine Doth fleete full farre from that farfetch of his. 1678 Butler Hud. 111. ii. 1584 Jesuits have deeper Reaches In all their Politick Far-fetches. 2 . Fondness for far-fetched ideas. 1813 W. Taylor Eng. Synonyms (1856)64 Wieland had too fine a smell; his reader must be practised, to be aware of his far-fetch. 3 . attrib. or adj. = Far-fetched. 1603 Sir C. Heydon Jud. Astrol. xviii. 365 Hadheneuer tinted it, this farre-fetch deriuation had neuer beene dearely ought. t Far-fetch, v. Obs. rare. [f. as prec.] trails. To derive in a far-fetched manner. 1639 Fuller Holy War iv. ii. (1647) *68 It seemeth a forced and overstrained deduction, to farrefetch the name of Tartars from an Hebrew word. 1870 Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. 1. (1873) *93 There is such a difference between far-reaching and far-fetching. Far-fetched (fa\i|fetjt, fai|fe tjt), ppl. a. [f. Fab adv. + Fetched ; cf. Fab-fet.] 1 . Brought from far. Obs. exc. arch, -j- Of a pedigree: Traced from a remote origin. 1583 Stubbes Anat. Abus. 1. (1879) 33 Farrefetched and deare boughte is good for Ladyes, they say. 1586 Cogan Haven Health clxxxvii. (1639) 169 Indian pearles be greatest and more desired as being far fetched. 1634 W. Wood New Eng. Prosp. Ded., The first fruites of my farre-fetcht experience. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. vi. (1703) II. 162 A far fetch’d Pedigree, through so many hundred years. 1658 W. Burton I tin. Anton. 20 Oysters, .conveyed thence to Rome, among other farfetcht Dainties. 1769 De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. I. 254 According to the old Saying, Far- fetch’d, and dear bought, is fittest for the Ladies. 1784 CowrER Task 1. 243 He .. brings his bev’rage home, Far- fetch’d and little worth. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. III. iv. 71 She reached her fine strong hand anear The far¬ fetched thing. + b. Devious, circuitous. (Cf. to fetch a compass.) a 1656 Br. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 48 Others by secret and far-fetch’t passages escaped home. 2 . Of an argument, notion, simile, etc.: Studi¬ ously sought out; not easily or naturally intro¬ duced ; strained. 1607 Topsell Four-/. Beasts (1673) 99 Democritus and other .. give other reasons, but.. they seem to be far fetched. 1647 Cowley Mistress , Wish iv, Pride and Ambi¬ tion here, Only in far-fetch’d metaphors appear. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. 11. § 1, I shall not trouble you with authorities, or far-fetched arguments. 1844 H. Rogers Ess. (i860) I. 76 Some far-fetched conceit, or unpardonable extravagance. 1869 Trollope He Knew lxxxi. (1878) 450 Far-fetched ideas respecting English society. Hence Far-fe'tchedness, the state or fact of being far-fetched. rt 1849 Poe Browning Wks. 1864 III 415 A certain far- fetchedness of imagery. 1866 Times 6 Apr. 5 No excuse for extreme quaintness, oddity, and far-fetchedness. Far-forth, adv .: see Fab and Fobth ; also 5 ferthforthe. Now usually as two words. 11 . To a great distance or extent; far, far on. c 1470 Harding Citron, lxxii. (1812) 120 She ferforth with childe was then begonne. 1483 Caxton G. dc la Tour C vij, And it was thenne ferforthe on the day. c 1500 Mclusine xix. 106 These tydings were ferfourth brought in the land, that Vryan knew of it. 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. ix. 53 The humid night was farforth spent. 1858 M. Porteous Souter Johnny 30 Farforth to range. f b. quasi- Farforth day ; late in the day, 1 high-day \ Obs. c 1440 Hylton Scala Petf. (W. de W. 1494) 11. xxxii, The soules that are in this state are not all lyke ferforth. c 1450 Merlin 282 It is so ferforth that it is to late for vs to repente. 1560 Ingelend Disob. Child in Hazl. Dodsley II. 312 In my bed, Until it were very far-forth day. 2 . To a definite degree, or distance ; in phrases, how, so, or thus farforth , as or so far-forth as, so far forth that. + a. in reference to distance or advanced position in space, time, or order. Obs. c 1340 Cursor M". 22711 heading (Trin.), Now we be Jms ferforj> come. 1430 Lydg. Citron. Troy 1. vi, So ferforthe as this my lyfe may endure. 1526 Tindale Luke xxii. 51 Soflfre ye thus farre forthe. 1570-6 Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 117 He gave also..the royaltieof the water on each side, so farre foorth as .. a man might cast a short hatchet out of thevessell unto the banke. b. in reference to degree or extent. Now only in phrase So far forth, with sense ‘ to the specified extent and no more \ 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 9204 Alle J>es were a^en \>e kinge, as verjmorh as hii cou]?e. c 1340 Cursor M. 1585 (Trin.) t>e fende wende .. pat al mankynde shulde han ben his So ferforp pat god not my3t [etc.], c 1384 Chaucer H. Fame iii. 792 As fer forthe as I han my arte. 1413 Lydg. Pilgr. Sowle 1. xxvii. (1859) 31 Crist..soo ferforth remitted nis rigour. 1464 Paston Lett. No. 486 II. 152 As fertheforthe as I kan undyrstand yet, they shall have grase. 1533 Hey- vvood Pard. $ Friar in Hazl. Dodsley I. 207 Many a man so far-forth lacketh grace. 1549 Coyerdale Erasm. Par. Rom. Argt., Knowyng well how farfurth his disciples, had nede of lyght meate. 1610 Shaks. Temp. 1. ii. 178 Know thus far forth, By accident most strange, bountiful! Fortune . .hath mine enemies Brought to this shore. 1635 Pagitt Christianogr. 1. iii. (1636) 179 [They] are so farre forth ortho¬ dox that they retain a saving profession. 1690 Locke Govt. 11. ii. § 2 Every Offence .. may..be also punished equally, and as far forth as it may in a Commonwealth. 1827 Whately I.ogic iv, i. § 1 Induction, .so far forth as it is an argument, may, of course, be stated Syllogistically. Hence, Far fourthly adv. Obs., to a great or definite extent; also, entirely, excellently. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. viii. 158 Dowel on Domesday Is digneliche [v.r. ferforpliche] I-preiset. C1374 Chaucer Troylus ill. 52 God wote for I have, As ferforthly as I have kunnyng, Bene youres. c 1430 IJfe St. Kath. (1884) 19 So ferforthly that alle creatures schal haue neede to hym. ? 1481 Caxton Orat. G. Flamincus F iv, That knyght whiche avaunced himself most ferforthly.. in the bataylle. 1494 Fabyan Citron, v. cxl. 127 The people ..was wonder¬ fully mynysshed. .so ferforthlye, that..the quicke bodyes suffysed not to bury the ded. f Pa’rger, sb. Obs. ? A kind of false dice. 1591 Greene Disc. Coosnage (1859) 3^ Their Cheates, Bard-dice, Flattes, Fargers. .and many others. Fargite (faugoit). Min. [f. (Glen) Farg in Fifeshire + -ite.] (See quots.) 1868 Dana Min. (ed. 5) 427 Fargite is a red natrolite from Glen Farg, containing, .about 4 p. c. of lime. 1883 Heddle in Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) XVI. 423 Fargite, con¬ sisting of two equivalents of natrolite and one of scolecite. + Fa*rgOOd. New England. Obs. ? An outrigger. 1726 Penhallow Ittd. Wars (1859) 53 But having no fargood, and their boat a dull sailor, ours gained on them so much, that [etc.]. Ibid. 54 The enemy making too near the wind (for want of a fargood) came to stays several times. Fa r-hand, sb. Sc. [? f. Fab a. + Hand. But perhaps a corruption of farand, northern pr. pple. of Fare to travel; cf. Farandman.] The condition or standing of an artisan who seeks employment away from home. Only in phrase at far-hand, and attrib. 1820 Cleland Rise <$* Progr. Glasgow 32 Fee for a Stranger, or what is called at far-hand. Ibid. 38 The Crown receives Three Pounds for the stamp on the Far- hand tickets. Ibid., The Far-hand entrants are exempted from bucket-money. Farina (farorna, farrna). See also Ferine, Fakinha. [a. farina, f. far com. Cf. F .farine."] 1 . The flour or meal of any species of com, nut, or starchy root. [1398 Trevisa Barth. Dc P. R. xvn. Ixvii. (1495) 643 Mele is properly called farina whan the corne is well grounde. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach’s Husb. 1. (1586)29 The Meale was called Farina.] 1800 tr. Lagrange's Client. II. 265 The farina of wheat does not give carbonate of lime by incinera¬ tion. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric . (ed. 4) II. 133 Two scruples of the farina of the Croton nut should be given in a little gruel. 1876 Harley Mat. Med. 316 Starch is the farina of seeds and soft cellular roots and stems. b. A powdery substance, dust. 1707 Curios, in Husb. Gard. 33 A white substance which we call Farina (Meal) to nourish the new-born Plant. 1764 J. Grainger Sugar Cane iv. 534 note , Small seeds, covered with a red farina. 1783 J. C. Smyth in Med. Com- mien. I. 194 Some have the surface covered with a fine white powder, or farina. 1823 J. Badcock Dom. Amusern. 32 Rub off the farina, should any adhere. c. A preparation of maize used for puddings. 2 . In various scientific uses. a. Bot. = Pollen. 1721 Bradley Wks. Nat. 27 The Farina of each . .Plant. 1770-4 A. Hunter Georg. Ess. (1803) I. 486 Impregnated by the farina of the male [plant]. 1861 Sat. Rev. 15 June 619 The bee and its congeners .. by carrying the fructifying farina from flower to flower, convert flowers into fruit. b. Chem. A fine white powder obtained from cereals, the potato, etc.; starch. 1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. i. (1814) 11 Farina or the pure matter of starch. 1830 M. Donovan Dom. Ecoti. I. 345 This white matter will at length subside : it may be collected on a filter and dried : it is then starch or farina. c. Entom. A mealy powder found on some insects. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. II. 327 Body cylindrical, brown, covered with farina. d. Geol. Fossil farina (see quot. 1859). 1816 P. Cleaveland Min. 4* Geol. (ed. 2) I. 170 Fossil farina, .appears in thin, white crusts, .attached to the lateral or lower surfaces of beds of shell limestone, &c. 1859 Page llandbk. Geol. Terms, Fossil Farina, a mealy-looking in¬ fusorial or microphytal earth—the Berg-mahl of the Swedes and Laplanders. 3 . Comb . farina-boiler, U.S., a utensil used for cooking farinaceous articles. ( Cent. Bid.) Farinaceous (fserin^-Jos), a. [f. L. farln- dee-us, i.farlna (see prec.) + -ous. Cf. F. farinacS.] 1 . Consisting or made of flour or meal. 1656 [see Farinous]. 1755 Gentl . Mag. XXV. 8 It cannot be absolutely affirmed to be merely farinaceous, but it does not appear to be compounded of any animal substance. 1807-26 S. Cooper First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 81 During the symptomatic fever, a mild, vegetable farinaceous diet is proper. 1866 Livingstone Jrnl. (1873) I. xi. 278 Their farinaceous food creates a great craving for fish. 2 . Containing or yielding flour or starch ; starchy. 1667 Phil. Trans. II. 485 A Farinaceous or Mealy Tree, serving to make bread of it. 1732 Arbuthnot Rules of Diet 322 Their Aliment ought to be light, of farinaceous vegetables. 1830 M. Donovan Dom. Econ. I. 217 The greater fineness of the meal, and the less solubility of its farinaceous part. 1873 E. Smith Foods 156 This large class of farinaceous seeds. 3 . Of a mealy nature, resembling meal in texture or quality. 1664 Phil. ’Trans. I. 10 One is a kind of Crystalline Stone, and almost all good Lead : the other not so rich and more farinaceous. 1796 Withering Brit. Plants IV. 13 The granulations of the crust much larger, but equally soft and farinaceous. 1807 J. E. Smith Phys. Bot. 81 The root becomes farinaceous, tasteless and inert. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 343 Cotyledons thick, fleshy or farinaceous. 4 . Having a mealy appearance, a. Finely com¬ minuted, powdery; now only rath .: see quot. 1884. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 47 This farinaceous Seed of Wort. 1884 Syd.Soc. Lex., Farinaceous , in Medicine, the term is applied to epidermal exfoliations which are pale and very minute, so as to resemble flour. T b. Covered with farina or fine dust. Obs. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iii. xv. 141 All farinaceous or mealy winged animals, as Butter-flies, and Moths. 1668 Wilkins Real Char. 126 Crane Fly. Farinaceous wings; being covered with a mealy substance easily coming off upon a touch. 1829 Loudon Cyclop. Plants 1016-7 Fari¬ naceous outside, pink inside. Farinaceously (fserin^i-Jasli), adv. [f. prec. + • LY 2 .] a. In a farinaceous manner: see quot. 1840. b. In the direction of or with an inclina¬ tion towards farinaceous food. 1840 Paxton Bot. Diet., Farinaceously Tomcntose, covered with a mealy kind of down. 1853 Eraser’s Mag. XLVII. 680 So farinaceously disposed were the guests .. that the introduction of a cake .. would frequently spur a jaded appetite to new efforts. Farmar, obs. form of Foreigner. Farination (fcerin£'*JV>n). rare — 1 . [f. Farina + - ATIon.J The action of making into flour. 1859 R* F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Jrul.Geog. Yi/t. XXIX. 401 It is hard, waxy, and unfit for farination. Farine: see Farjnha. t Farined, ci . Obs . rare- 1 , ff. F. farine ( = Farina) in spec, sense powder for the complexion + -ed 2 .] Powdered. 1664 Evelyn Sylva (1776) 230 Our effeminate Farined Gallants. Faring (fe 0, riij), vbl. sb. [f. Fare v. + -ing k] 1 . The action of the vb. Fare ; journeying, travelling; an instance of the same. 1594 Carevv Iluarte's Exam. Wits i. (1596) 8 This faring, that a man takes from his owne Country. 1633 P. Fletcher Elisa 1. xxi, Through this troubled faring.. I guiltlessepast. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. 111. 11. vi, His deplorable farings and voyagings draw to a close. 2 . Condition or state; esp. a passing condition of body. dial. 1811 L. M. Hawkins C'tcss <$• Gertr. II. 103 One woman asked another how her husband fared .. and was answered, that he had strange farings. 1857 Wright Diet. Obs. 4- Provinc. Eng., Fareings , feelings, symptoms. East. 1882 Whittier Poems , An Autograph xiii. 54 Age brings me no despairing Of the world’s future faring. 3 . concr. Entertainment, fare ; in pi. made dishes. 1655 Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. (1746) 328 Broths, Pottage, Farings, Sauces. 1681 Colvil Whigs Supplic. (1751) 125 Watered meal of oats .. we prefer .. To all the king of Babel’s faring. 1803 C. Caustic Terrible Tract orat ion 111. (ed. 2) 122 Who cook up most delicious farings From cheese rinds. b. To get ones faring', see Fairing sb. 1 c. 1846 L. S. Costello Tour to fr. Venice 253, I am., glad to see how the old demon gets his faring. 10-2 FARING. 76 FARM. + Fa'ring, ppL a, Obs. [f. as prec. + -ing 2.] That has a specified condition or state ; (well-, better-, best-) conditioned. (Cf. Farr and.) c 1386 Chaucer Frankl. T. 204 Oon of the beste farynge man on lyue. c 1430 Syr Getter. (Roxb.) 4119 He is. .a wel faring king. 1470-85 Malory Arthur \ hi. x, She thou^t she sawe neuer. .a better farynge knyght. 1557 K. Arthur (Copland) vi. i, He hadde neuer seen, .so wel faryng a man. Faringee, var. of Fekinghee. t Fa'ringly, adv. Obs. [f. prec. + -ly 2 .] Like one in a specilied condition; in a (well-, ill-, etc.) conditioned manner. c 1440 Partonope 6735 The Sowdan .. forth past Throw the Reynes wele faryngly. 1530 Palsgr. 830/1 All yll faryngly, tout viausadcment. || Farinha (farJ*n y a). Also 8 farina, and in anglicized form farine. [Pg. far inha :—L. farina ; see Farina.] = Cassava 2 . 1726 Shelvocke Voy . round World 52 Boiling the water and soaking a quantity of this Farina in it. 1863 Bates Nat. Amazon I. 28 Both are products of the same root, tapioca being the pure starch, and farinha the starch mixed with woody fibre. 1870 Dasent /Do/. Eventful Life (ed. 4) i. 44 Salt-fish, and farine, and ale-wives. 1893 Act 56-7 Viet. c. 88 Sched. I, An extraordinary quantity of manioc, or cassada, commonly called farinha. attrib. 1743 Bulkeley & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 170 Two Bags of Farine Bread. Farinose (fa^rinJu-s), a. and sb. [ad. L. fa - rmos-us ; see Farinous.] A. adj. Yielding farina; also Bot., Zool.., and Path, (see quot. 1845). 1727 Bailey (vol. II), Farinose , full of meal, meally. 1845 S. Palmer Pentaglot Diet., Farineu.v. .farinose : an epithet employed to designate.. 2. in Botany and Zoology the parts, or organs, of Plants and of Insects which .. are sprinkled with a white powder, resembling farina: 3. in Pathology a species of herpetic eruption. 1856 Lindsay Brit. Lichens 42 The soridia .. give it [a thallus] .. a farinose or mealy appearance. B. sb. Chcm. 1882 Vines Sach’s Bot. 57 At every point of a starch grain both constituents occur together; if the granulose is extracted, the farinose remains behind as a skeleton. Hence Pa rino sely adv. 1840 Paxton Bot. Diet ., Farinosely-tomentosc , covered with a mealy kind of down. 1847 in Craig. Farinous (fas'rinas), a. '(Obs. [oA.L.farlnos-us, f. farina ; see Farina and -ous. Cf. F. farineux.\ a. Containing farina, b. Covered with a white mealy substance. 1656 Blount Glossogr., Farinaceous or Farinous , mealy or full of meal, bemealed, beflowred. 1727 Bradley Fam. Diet. s.v. Age, If you are troubled with farinous or running Tetters. 1742 Loud. Country Brew. 1. (ed. 4) 12 The farinous Part loses a great deal of its essential Salts. Farinulent (fari nirflent),a. Entom. [ad. L. farlnulent-us, i. farina: see Farina and -ulent.] ‘Covered with minute dots resembling white or yellow powder, or with a fixed whitish powder on a dark surface’ {Cent. Diet.'). II Fario (fe°‘ri|0). [L.firio salmon-trout.] (See quot. 1753.) pz 1672 Willughby Icthyogr. 189 Ausonii setate maximi & seniores Salmones dicebantur, mediae inagnitudinis & aetatis Sariones aut Fariones.] 1753 Chambers Cycl. Snpp., Fario in Zoology, a term for a salmon when about half-grown. 1854 Badham Halieut. 7 They are all poached farios. Farish (fa'rij),«. dial. Also farrish. [fi Fab a. + -ish.] Somewhat far. Only in phr .farish on. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss ., ‘ We’re getting farish on in years. • 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Farrish on, advanced in years; also nearly intoxicated. 1877 N. IV. Line. Gloss. s.v. Farish on. ‘ He’s farish on by this time; I should say he’ll be i’ Lunnun by three o'clock/ Farl (fail), sb. Sc. Also 8 farle, 9 farrel. [Contraction for Fardel sb.-] Originally, the fourth part of a thin cake made either of flour or oatmeal; now applied to a cake of similar kind and size, whether quadrant-shaped or not. 1724 Ramsay Tca-t. Misc. (1733) I. 91 Sowens, and farles, and Baps. 1787 Burns Holy Fair vii, An farls bak’d wi’ butter. 1830 Scott Leg. Montrose iii, I have tasted no food since daybreak but a farl of oat-cake. t Farl, v. Obs. In 7 farle. [Contraction for Fardel; cf. Furl.] = Fardel z/. 1622 Fletcher & Massinger Sea Voyage 1. i, Farle up all her Linnery. t Fa’rland, a. Sc. Obs. [f. Far a. + Land.] Coming from a distance ; foreign. a 1595 Sir J. Maitland Admon. Mar 36 in Maitland Poems (1830) App. 125 Farland fules seime to haif fedderis fair. 1606 Birnie Kirk-Buriall (1833) 33 Marchants .. whose vent was to furnish the far land Jewes. Farland, obs. form of Foreland. Farleu(faulitt). Law. Also farley, farlieu. [Etymology unknown.] (See quot. 1670 .) 1670 Blount Law Diet., Farley or Farleu. In the Mannor of West-slapton in Com. Devon, if any Tenant die possessed of a Cottage, by custome he must pay sixpence to the Lord for a farley which probably may be in liew of a Heriot; for in some Mannors Westward, they difference Farleu as the best good from Heriot the best Beast. 1706 in.P hillips (ed. Kersey). 1851 N. <5* Q. 25 Oct. 317 Devon¬ shire leases for lives often reserve a money payment on the death of each life as a * heriot' or ‘ farlieu'. Farley, -i(e, -ik, -y(e: see Ferly. Farlot, var. of Fiulot. + Farly, adv. Obs. [f. Far + -ly 2 .] Far, to a great extent or distance. c 1460 Toivneley Myst. 298 Farlee may we fownde and fare For inyssyng of oure master Iesus. 1555 Abp. Parker Ps. evi, God sware unto them all that he would .. sparple them, as runnegates in countries farly wyde. f Farm, j?. 1 Obs. Forms: 1 feorm {Northumb. feerm), 2 ferm, 3 south, veorme, 4 form, 5 farme. [OE. feorm str. fern.prehistoric *ferma. Not found outside Eng., and no satisfactory Teut. etymo¬ logy has been proposed. On the assumption that the primary sense was ‘fixed portion of provisions, ration’, it would be admissible to regard the word as a. late L. firma, and so ultimately identical with Farm sbA In Domesday Book firma itnius noctis is equivalent to anes nihtes fcorme of quot. c 1122 below; and mediaeval Lat. writers in England used firma in the sense of ‘ banquet'. If the hypothesis of its Latin origin be correct, the word must have been adopted at a very early date : it occurs frequently in the oldest poetry. The derivative feormiatt to feed, is found in the Corpus Glossary a 800 yfovet , feormat, broede)>'; the corresponding OHG. gloss, for mot, fofet’ in St. Galt. MS. 913 may be derived from an OE. source, the vb. being otherwise un¬ known in OHG.] Food, provision ; hence, a banquet, feast. .. Beowulf 451 No Qu ymb mines ne k ea rft lices feorme leng sorgian. a 900 Charter xli. in O. E. Texts (1885) 449 Hio forgifeS fiftene pund for 3y Se mon Sas feorme 3y soel gelseste. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxii. 4 Nu ic gegearwode mine feorme, mine fearras and mine fugelas synt ofslegne. c 1122 O. E. Chron. (Peterborough) an. 777 CuSbriht geaf hone abbote .1. punde . . & ilea gear anes nihtes feorme. c 1200 Triu. Coll. Horn, n At ferme and at feste. C1205 Lay. 14426 pa;t king makede ueorme swi3e store. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 217 }if he wolde come to his form he schulde have salt mete i-now. a 1500 Chaucers Dreme 1752 This hasty farme had bene a feast. Farm (faam), sb . 2 Forms: 3-7 ferm(e, (5 feerme, fereme, 6 fearme), 5-7 farme, (8-9 Hist, ferm, pseudo-arch, feorm), 6- farm. [a. F. ferine*.— med.L. firma fixed payment, i. firm arc to fix, settle, confirm, f. firmus Firm a. (The med.L. word, by a different application of the etymological sense, means also ‘ confirmation of a document, signature ’; so Sp. and It. firma : see Firm jA)] + 1 . A fixed yearly amount (whether in money or in kind) payable as rent, tax, or the like (as op¬ posed to a rent, tax, etc., of variable amount, c.g. one calculated at a certain proportion of the produce). Also Rent andfarm. Obs. a 1400 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 350 Euerych gret hows in wham me worked he qwyltes, shal to he ferme v.s. by he }ere. C1440 Promp. Parv. 156 Feerme, a rent, firma. <1450 Bk. Curtasye 506 in Babecs Blc. (1868) 319 Of h e resayuer speke wylle I, pat fermys resayuys wytturly. 1463 Bury Wills (1850) 19, I wyl eche of hem alle haue iiij d. to drynkke whanne they pay her ferme. 1463 M. Paston in Paston Lett. No. 975 III. 431 They, .haskyd hem rent and ferine and they seydyn they had payed you. 1487 Churchw. Ace. Wigtoft, Lincolnshire (Nichols 1797) 84 Robert Peby oweth for ferme of a salt-panne of 16 stone of lede is. 2 d. 1527 Bury Wilts (1850) 118 The yearlie ffearme of iij acres londe. 1552 Abp. Hamilton Ceitech. (1884) 11 Takaris of ouir mckil mail or farme to the herschipe of the tenentis. 1642 Perkins Prof Blc. xi. § 751. 329 If a man be bounden unto is. in 100,6 to grant unto him the rent and farme of such a mill. 1700 Tyrrell Hist. Eng. II. 814 All.. Tythings shall stand at the old Farm, without any Increase. 1767 Blackstone Comm. 11. 320 The most usual and customary feorm or rent.. must be reserved yearly on such lease. 2 . A fixed yearly sum accepted from a person as a composition for taxes or other moneys which he is empowered to collect; also, a fixed charge im¬ posed on a town, county, etc., in respect of a tax or taxes to be collected within its limits. Cf. Farm v. Obs. exc. Hist. c 1386 Chaucer Prol. 252 b (Hengwrt) He was the beste beggere of his hous: [And yaf a certeyn ferme for the graunt]. 1565 Act 8 Eliz. c. 12 § 1 The said Aulneger .. standeth charged with the Payment of a great annual Farm to the Queens Majesty for the said Aulnege. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. lxvii. (1739) 1 7 2 The King., raised the values of the Farm of Counties granted to the Sheriffs. <11715 Burnet Own Time (1766) II. 184 He got undertakers to offer at a farm of the whole revenue. 1861 Riley Liber A thus 39 One half of the ferm of the City due to the King. 1876 Freeman Norm. Cong. V. xxiv. 439 He [the Sheriff] paid into the Exchequer the fixed yearly sum which formed the farm of the shire. b. The letting-out of public revenue to a * farmer ’; the privilege of farming a tax or taxes. Obs. exc. Hist. 1667 Pepys Diary 3 Aug., I find them mighty hot., against the present farm of the Custoines. 1765 Smollett Trav. (1766) II. 198 [The French King] has the revenue of the farms. 1825 T. Jefferson Autobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 86 The oppressions of the tithes, the tailles, the corvees, the gabelles, the farms and the barriers. 1885 Edwards in Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) XIX. 580 The first farm of postal income was made in 1672. c. The body of farmers of public revenues. 1786 T. Jefferson Writ. (1850) I. 547 A late contract by the Farm has [etc.]. Ibid. 568 Tney despair of a suppression of the Farm. 3 . In certain phrases, senses 1 and 2 pass into the sense : The condition of being let at a fixed rent; now only with reference to revenue, the con¬ dition of being 1 farmed out \ + At, in farm ; to have, hold, let } put, set, take , etc., + in, out or f forth to, to farm. Cf. med.L. ad firm am, accipcre , recifere, committere, locare . 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7773 He sette is tonnes & is londes to ferme wel vaste. Ibid. 8566 Hor londes & hor rentes [?e king huld in is honde & o^er wile to ferme tok. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 2409 3 yf J>ou haue a [>yng yn ferme. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xvi. 16 Liberum arbi- trium hath J?e londe to ferme. 1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls! VII. 433 Venerable Anselme .. deposed mony abbottes and putte j?eire places to ferme. 1439 E. E. Witts {1882) 115 The wich I hold to ferine of the mayster and couent. c 1440 Promp. Paw. 157 Fermyn or take a ]>ynge to ferme, firmo , vet ad firmam accipio. c 1461 Paston Lett. No. 432 II. 79, I must selle or lete to ferme all that I have. 1523 Fitzherb. Sun>. 9 So dothe y profyte ryse to the lordes, wheder they go by way of improuement or set to ferme. 1524 Churchw. Ace. St. Giles, Reading 20 In rents at ferme. 1557 Hakluyt Voy. (1599' I. 314 A Cursemay, which the Emperour sometime letteth out to farme. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 126 Quene Hithe taken of the king in farme. 1602 Fulbecke Pandectes 73 The Publicanes had Salt in farme. a 1618 Raleigh Rem. (1644) 83 Letting the Realm to farm to mean persons. 1660 Marvell Corr. xiii. Wks. 1872-5 11 . 41 The Excise we hear is to be lett to farme 1709 J- Johnson Clergym. Vade M. 11. (1731) 141 That no bishop, olergyman, or monk, do take to farm any estate or office. 1776 Adam Smith W. N. v. ii. (1869) II. 501 Taxes upon consumable commodities..may be let in farm for a rent certain. 1785 Burke Sp. Nabob Arcot's Debts Wks. IV. 273 Districts which were in a condition to be let to farm. 1844 H. H. Wilson Brit. India I. 383 The lease of a district in farm. 1845 M' Culloch Taxation Introd. (1852) 30 Government may let them in farm for a rent certain. fig. 1554 Latimer Sertn. Rem. (1845) 274 Your learning is let out to farm. b. in the operative words of a lease. 1765 Act 5 Geo. Ill, c. 26 Preamb., His late Majesty .. did. .demise, lease,and to farm-lett. .all those houses. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IV. 68 The words demise, lease, and to farm let, are the proper ones to constitute a lease. f 4 . A lease. Obs. a 1500 Fragmenta Collccta c. 24 in Sc. Stat. I. 369 It is well lefful till him till giff or to sell his ferm to quham soeuer he likis. 1596 Spenser State Irel. (1633) 58 It is a great willfullnes in any such Land-lord to refuse to make any longer farmes unto their Tenants. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Gor’t . Eng. i. xxxi. (1739) 47 Hence the Leases so made were called Feormes or Farmes. 5 . Originally, a tract of land held on lease for the purpose of cultivation; in mod. use often applied without respect to the nature of the tenure. Sometimes qualified by sb. prefixed, as dairy-, grass-, poultry far m. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 123 Though a man .. shall haue hys farme ,xx. yeres. 1553 N. Grimald tr. Cicero's Duties 135 b, If they who offer to sell a good farme [L. villa], etc. 1579 Rastell Expos. Terms Law 91 Farme or ferme is the chiefe mesuage in a village or towne..vsed to be let for ternie of lyfe, yeares, or at will. 1611 Bible Matt. xxii, 5 But they .. went their wayes, one to his farme, another to his merchandize. 1667 Milton P. L. ix. 448 The pleasant Villages and Farmes. 1737 Pope Hor. Epist. II. ii. 259 There mingled farms and pyramids appear. 1817 W. Selwyn Lain Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 676 Proceeding by ejectment to turn him out of the farm. 1874 Green Short Hist. ix. 693 The farms of Lothian have become models of agricultural skill. 6. A farm-house. 1596 Spenser F. Q. iv. iv. 35 As when two greedy Wolves doe breake by force Into an heard, farre from the husband farine. 1598 Hakluyt Voy. I. 577 Farmes or granges which conteine chambers in them. 1600 Holland Livy vii. xiii. 1401 note, Neere unto this causey Caesar had a ferme or mannor house. Mod. Mr. Smith lives at the White Farm at the end of the village. 7 . A place where children are ‘ farmed \ 1869 Greenwood Curses Loud. iii. 45 There can be no question that he has a better chance, .than, .at the ‘farm.’ 8. slang. The prison infirmary. To fetch the farm — to be ordered infirmary diet and treatment. Cf. farmery, Fermery. 9 . attrib. and Comb. a. Simple attributive (sense 5), as farm-bailiff, -boy, - building, f - carle , -gate, -holding, - labour, -labourer, -produce, -rent, -ser¬ vant, -stock, -ivork, etc. 1551 Richmond. Wills (Surtees)72 My. .wyfe. .shall have full enterest in all suche fermeholding as I have in ferme and occupation at this daye. 1655 Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camden) II. 349 The most revenue being farme rents. 1818 Cobbett Pol. Reg. XXXIII. 170 The low price of farm produce. 1825 Loudon Encycl. Agric. § 7064 Farm-servants [in Angus] live chiefly on oatmeal. ? 1842 Lance Cottage Farmer 26 The decided advantages of employing oxen in general farm work. 1845 Hirst Poems 77 The farm boy with his shining spade. 1859 W. Collins Q. of Hearts (1875) 44 The Farm-lands stretched down gently into a beautiful rich valley, i860 G. E. Street in Archaeol. Caniiana III. 99 note, The farm-buildings near the church. 1875 W. M c Ilwraith Guide Wigtaiunshire 132 Some of the villagers are .. farm labourers. 1890 Daily News 31 Jan. 5/5 The need for some farm-labour training on the part of the emigrants. 1891 Atkinson Last of Giant Killers 86 The farm-carle had been gone a long time. b. Special comb.: farm-court = Fakm-yard; farm-crossing, a railway-crossing from one part of a farm to another; + farm-dish, a fixed quantity of ore payable as rent for copper mines; cf. toll- dish ; farm-furrowed a., noncc-wd., cut up into farms; farm-hand, any person that works on a farm ; farm-instructor, a teacher of agriculture; farm-meal. Sc., meal given in payment of rent; FARM. FARMERISH. farm-offioo, usually //., the out-buildings on a farm; + farm-place - Farm sb. 6; farm-room, ? a rented room or a leasehold; farm-stock, the cattle, etc., implements, and produce of a farm ; farm-stocking, the cattle on a farm; farm- store = farm-produce. Also Farm-hold, Farm¬ house, Farm-stead, Farm-steading, Farm-yard. i860 Miss Yonge Stokcsley Secret xiv. (1881) 329 He could look down into the ^farm-court. 1858 Redfield Law of Railways (1869) I. 488 Cattle-guards at *farm- crossings. 1713 Loud. Gas. No. 5141/4 To treat about further Setts of the same [Copper-Works] for Years at a Toll or *Farm-Dish. 1857 Emerson Poems, Monadnoc 332 This. .*Farm-furrowed, town-incrusted sphere. 1884 S. E. Dawson Handbk. Canada 9 * Farm-instructors are ap¬ pointed to teach the Indian adults.. to till their lands. 1811 G. S. Keith Agric. Aberdeenshire vii. § 4. 244 Before 1782, the *farm meal was commonly paid of this inferior oats. 1807 Sir R. C. Hoare Tour in Ireland 55 They have convenient * farm-offices for their cattle. 1825 Loudon Encycl. Agric. § 7039 The farm-offices .. consisting of a barn, cow and ox sheds and hog-sties. 1526 Tindale Matt. xxii. 5 They .. went their wayes : won to his *ferme place. 1650 S. Clarke Eccl. Hist. (1654) I. 6 He was persuaded to betake himself to a certain Farm-place. 1633 Rutherford Lett. xxvi. (1848) 54 An inheritance in this world (God forgive me, that I should honour it with the name of an inheritance, it is rather a ^farm-room), i860 A. Morris in Borthwick Amer. Reader 78 Exclusive of ^farm-stock. 1828-40 Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) I. 230 The chamberlain should .. levy an annual tax upon the crops and *farm-stocking. 1848 Clough Bothie ix. 93 Market-carts .. bringing in .. Flower, fruit, *farm-store. Farm, v. { Obs. exc. dial. Forms: 1 feormian, 2 fermien, 5-7 ferm(e, (4 feerm), 7- farm. [OE. feormian, of unknown etymology ; cf. OHG. dfermi ‘squalor’ (AJul. Glossen I. 177).] trans . To cleanse, empty, purge. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke iii. 17 He feormaS his bernes flore. 1382 Wyclif 1 Kings x. 2 Thow shalt fynde two men byside the sepulcre of Rachel .. feermynge greet dichis. 1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 44 Haue we not to. .ferme the dikes. 1440 J. Shirley Dethe K. James (1818) 16To dense and ferme the said privay. 1530 Palsgr. 548/1 ,1 ferme a siege or privy, Jescure. 1608 Arm in Nest Ninn. (1842) 30 The fellow sat a long houre farming his mouth. 1881 Oxford Gloss. Supp. s.v., ‘ Farm out th’ 'en-us 661 ee?’ Farm (faim), vd Forms: 5-7 ferme, 6-7 farme, 7- farm. [f. Farm sb. 2] 1 . trans. To take or hold for a term at a fixed payment, •(•a. To rent (land, etc.). Obs. c'1440 Promp. Parv. 157 Fermyn , or take a |?ynge to ferme. 1530 Palsgr. 548/1, I haue fermed his house and al the lande he hath in this towne,/«y prins a ferme [etc.]. 1602 Shaks. Ham. iv. iv. 20 (Qo.) To gain a little patch of ground. .To pay five ducats, five, I would not farm it. 1695 Bp. Patrick Comm . Gen. 259 Abram .. farmed .. some ground of them. 1703 Maundrell Journ. Jems. (1721) Add. 10 The Valley is farm’d of the Grand Signior at 1200 Dollars per Annum. fig. absol. 1641 Milton Prel. Episc.( 1851)88 To betake them. .to. .that, .overgrowne Covert of antiquity thinking to farme there at large roome. b. To take the fees, proceeds, or profits of (an office, tax, etc.) on payment of a fixed sum. 1569 J- Parkhurst Injunctions , None of you shall ferme one cure .. within this Dioces. 1606 Holland Sucton. Annot. 12 These Publicanes, so called for that they fermed their Cities revenewes. 1639 Fuller Holy Warv. xxvii. (1647) 276 The Guardian farmeth the Sepulchre of the Turk at a yearly rent. 1667 Pepys Diary {iK/q) IV. 427 The two women that farm the well. 1738 Johnson London 58 Let such .. Collect a tax, or farm a lottery. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 41 The Tidemann farmed .. the tin-mines belonging to the Duchy of Cornwall. transf. 1888 Daily News 19 Sept. 3/1 Colonel Mapleson .. as he could get no one to farm him .. had .. to farm others, and he became an impresario. 2 . To let to another during a specified term on condition of receiving a specified payment. Also, To farm out. a. To lease or let (land) to a tenant. Now rare, *593 Shaks. Rich. //, 1. iv. 45 We are inforc’d to farme our royall Realme. 1695 Kennett Par. Anth/. Pref. 3 The Lands were farm’d out for near the fufi Rent in money. 1721 Strype Eccl. Mem. II. iii. 264 To raise money for the King, by farming out his lands. 1847 James Convict vi, Is not the land you cultivate your own, as much or more than his that he farms to others ? b. To lease or let the proceeds or profits of (customs, taxes, tithes, an undertaking) for a fixed payment. 1602 md Pt. Return fr. Pamass, m. i. (Arb.) 35 My promise for farming my tithes at such a rate. 1672 Petty Pol. Anat. 362 The customs .. yielded anno 1657, under 12000/. but was farmed anno 1658, for above thrice that sum. a 1704 T. Brown Two Oxford Scholars Wks. 1730 I. 9 If I be minded to farm out my Tythes. 1817 Coleridge Biog. Lit. 274 The concern should be farmed to some responsible individual. 1845 M c Culloch Taxation Introd. (1852) 31 Any attempt to farm taxes on income .. would excite the most violent clamour. 1879 Farrar St. Paul (1883) 249 Augustus had farmed the copper-mines to Herod the Great. c. To let the labour of (f cattle, persons) for hire. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts (1658) 55 Other buy Kie to farme them out to other. 1777 Robertson Hist. Amer. (1778) I. 111. 182 They farmed out the Indians. 1783 Burke Sp. Fox's E. India Bill Wks. IV. 83 They have.. continued to farm their subjects, .to that very nabob. transf. 1790 Boswell in Mad. D'Arblay's Diary Oct., 77 I would farm you out myself for double, treble the money ! 3 . To contract for the maintenance and care of (persons, an institution, etc.) at a stipulated price. Also To farm out. 1666 Pepys Diary { 1879) IV. 100 A proposal made hereto¬ fore to farm the Navy. 1773 Observ. State Poor 39 The patrons of the practice of farming workhouses. 1791 Bentham Panopt. 11. 82 Oh, but this contract-plan—it's like farming the poor. 1838 Dickens O. I Ws/dSso) 3/1 The parish authorities .. resolved, that Oliver should be ‘farmed*. 1862 W. W. Story Roba di R. iii. (1864) 34 The support of these .. criminal slaves is farmed out.. to some responsible person at the lowest rate that is offered. 4 . To cultivate, till. 1806 Gazetteer Scot. (ed. 2) 88 Many of the proprietors farm their own estates. 1841 Elphinstone Hist. Ind. II. 179 He farmed a small spot of land belonging to a Bramin astrologer. 1846 M' Cullocii Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 557 The different degrees of skill and economy with which they are farmed. 5 . intr. To follow the occupation of a farmer; to till the soil. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) II. i. 6, I farmed upon my own land. 1807 Crabbe Village 1. 40 Fields and flocks have charms For him that gazes, or for him that farms. Hence Farmed.///, a. 1888 Daily News 11 Dec. 4/6 A drop of 14 per cent, had occurred in labourers’ wages over the farmed surface of England. 1889 Ibid. 25 Nov. 5/3 The survivor of the farmed children. t Fa rmable, a. Obs. Also 7 farmeable. [f. prec. +-able.] That may be farmed or leased. 1611 Cotgr., Affermable. .farmeable, leasable, lettable. 1727-36 in Bailey. 1775 in Ash. Farmacie, -y 5 obs. forms of Pharmacy. + Fa’rmage. Obs. Also 7 fermage. [a. F. fermage : see Farm sb. and -ace.] a. The system of farming taxes, tithes, etc. b. Leasehold tenure. To let in far mage : to let on lease, c. see quot. 1611. d. Cost of cultivation. 1528 Roy AV(/t’ me (Arb.) 102 They do by farmage Brynge the londe into a rearage. 1530 Pivpcr Dyaloge (1863) 12 Which to gentillmen they let in farmage. 1611 Cotgr., Fermage , farmage : the profit made of, reuenue comming in by, a farme. 1650 Elderfield Tythes 123 It seems they were willing to deduct the charge of the Fermage before they marked the Tythes. + Farme, sb. [prob. dial. var. of Form.] A * shape ’ for a pudding. 1623 Markham Countr. Content. 11. i. ii. 68 Then put thereto at least eight yelks of Egges, a little Pepper, Cloves, Mace [etc.], .and then fill it vp in the Farmes according to the order of good housewiferie. Ibid. 69 When all is mixt well together, .fill it into the farmes. t Fa •rmer 1 . Obs. Forms: 5 fyrmar, 6 fermer, fermourer. [f. Farm vA + -er 1 .] One who cleanses or purifies. In comb, gong-farmer. Obs. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 203 Goonge fyrmar '[v.r. gonge- fowar], cloacarius. c 1515 Cocke Lorell's B. (Percy Soc.) 3 Than came a gonge fermourer, Other wyse called a masser scourer. Ibid. 11 Stynkynge gonge fermers. Farmer 2 (fa\imo.i). Forms: 4-7 fermour(e, (5 fermowre), 5 farmor, 5-7 fermer, -or, 6 farmar, -our, fermar, 6- farmer. Also 6-7 Sc. Fermorer. [a. AF. fermer (Britton), Y. fermier i—med.L.frmdrius, f. firma\ see Farm sbS Now usually apprehended as agent-n. f. Farm vA + -er 1 ; some mod. uses may be properly regarded as be¬ longing to this formation and not to the older word. In the early recorded forms the suffix -erhas been replaced by - our , so that the word apparently corresponds to the synonymous med.L . firmdtor, one who takes something on lease (Du Cange), agent-n. f. firmdre in sense to contract for, become responsible for.] 1 . One who undertakes the collection of taxes, revenues, etc., paying a fixed sum for the pro¬ ceeds. c 1385 Chaucer L. G. IV. Prol. 358 Hym oughte nat be ..crewel As is a fermour to don the harm he can. 1420 E. E. Wills (1882) 52 My goodez that is..in \>c fermors handes off my rent. 1491 Act 7 Hen. VI /, c. 14 The Bailly fermour or receivour. .for the tyme of the seid Kyng. 1569 J. Parkhurst Injunctions , No Parson Vicar, propriatorie or fermer of any benefice, doe [etc.]. 1587 Fleming Contn. HolinshedYYY. 1539/1 Thomas Smith, .farmerof hirmajesties customs inwards. 1641 A rt. Impeachm. Bp. M. Wren in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1692) iii. I. 354 He .. sold .. the profits of his Primary Visitation, .and for the better benefit of the Farmer, set forth a Book. 1642 Perkins Prof Bk. i. § 5. 3 If a Monke bee farmour unto the Kings Majestie. 1659 B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 205 Questioning the Farmers of the Custom-house, for levying Tunnage and Poundage. 1706 T. Hkarne Collect. 16 Feb., The Priests and Tyth Farmers. 1719 W. Wood Sum. Trade 114 These Commodities being under Monopolies in France, the Farmers of them took [etc.]. 1788 Priestley Lect. Hist. v. lxiii. 508 Taxes are raised..by means of farmers who advance the money as it is wanted. 1838-42 Arnold Hist. Rome III. xlii. 57 He might go out as a farmer of the taxes to Sicily. 1864 H. Ainsworth John Law 1. v. 98 Contractors, speculators, farmers of revenues, and others. b. Mining. The lessee of ‘ the lot and cope of the king ’ (see Cope sb . 3 3 ). 1653 Manlove Lead Mines 3 Then one half meer at either end is due And to the Lord or Farmers doth accrew. Ibid. 5 See that right be done..Both to the Lord, and Farmers, on the Mine. c. The lessee of a government monopoly. 1662 J. Davies Voy. Ambass. 194 The King of Persia farms out the fishing . .which brings him in .. many times more than the Farmers make thereof. + 2 . gen. One who rents or has a lease of any¬ thing ; a lessee. Obs. 1523 Act 14-5 Hen. VIII, c. 13 Every owner, fermer, and occupier of the said weres. 3 . spec. One who rents land for the purpose of cultivation ; = tenant farmer. Now chiefly as a contextual application of 5. 1487 Act 4 Hen. VII , c. 16 The Occupier and Fermer of them..to be discharged against his Lessor of the Rent. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 123 Though a man be but a farmer, and shall haue hys farme ,xx. yeres. 1577 Harrison England 11. v. (1877) 1. 133 The yeomen are for the most part farmers to gentlemen. + 4 . One who cultivates land for the owner; a bailiff, steward. Obs. 1382 Wyclif Luke xvi. 1 Ther was sum riche man, that hadde a fermour, ethir a bailv. 1526 Pilgr. Perf (W. de W. 1531) 281 They shall haue y c kyngdome of heuen, not as baylyes or fermers, but as possessyoners. 1579 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 145 Architas .. sent for his farmour, vnto wliome hee sayde, if I [etc.]. 1580 Baret Alv. F 146 Fer¬ mer, or gouernour of a ferme, villicus. 5 . One who cultivates a farm, whether as tenant or owner; one who ‘farms’ land, or makes agri¬ culture his occupation. 1599 T. M[oufkt] Silkwormes Ded., Meaner Theams beseeme a Farmers quill. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Rcb. 1. (1843)40/2 Many gentlemen and farmers, had. .good farms ..of their own inheritance. 1666 Wood Life { Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 86 Many fermers broke..corne being soe cheap. 1771 Smollett Humph. Cl. II. 18 July, I eat like a farmer. 1813 Sir PI. Davy Agric. Chem. (1814) 15 The general experience of farmers had long before convinced the un¬ prejudiced. 1849 Cobden Speeches 2 We appear here as the farmers friends. b. dial. The eldest son of the occupier of a farm. ^1825 Forby Voc. E. Anglia s.v., One labourer would ask another, ‘ Did my master set out that job ? * And would be answered, ‘ No, my master didn’t, but the farmer did ’. 0 . One who undertakes to perform (a specified work or service) at a fixed price. 1865 Morn . Star 26 June, It might be the interest of the farmer [of the permanent way] to starve the repairs .. as much as possible. b. One who undertakes the charge of children for a fixed sum. Usually baby-farmer. 1838 Dickens O. Tiuist (1850) 83/1 ‘It’s very much blotted, sir’, said the farmer of infants. 1869 Greenwood Seven Curses Lond. iii. 45 It is to the ‘farmers’’ interest . .to keep down their expenditure in the nursery. Ibid. iii. 57 Anyone however ignorant, .may start as a baby farmer. 7 . slang, a. An alderman. 1848 Duncombe Sinks of Lond. Gloss. 1859 Matsell Vocabulum s.v. (Farmer). b. A hare (Tent). 8. Comb. a. Simple attributive, as farmer-eom- monwealth , -proprietary, b. Similative, as farmer - like , farmer-looking adjs. 1851 Litei'ary Gaz. 27 Dec. 924/3 His burly form and uncouth, farmer-looking appearance. 1868 Bright in Star 14 Mar., Would it not be possible..to establish to some extent, .a farmer proprietary throughout the country? 1874 Green Short Hist. i. 3 Each little-farmer-commonvvealth was girt in by its own border. 1891 Daily News 10 Sept. 2/1 A field whose profusion of weeds would have sorely exercised the farmer-like soul of Mr. Poyser. Farmerage (faumsredg). nonce-wd. ff. Far¬ mer- + -AGE.] The body of farmers collectively. 1828 Miss Mitford Village Ser. 111.(1863) 493 The whole farmerage and shopkeepery of the place, with a goodly pro¬ portion of wives and daughters, came pouring in apace. Farmeress (faumnres). [f. Farmer - + -ess.] a. A woman who farms land. b. A farmer’s wife. 1672 Evelyn Mem. (iS57I II. 80 A gallant widow brought up a farmeress. 1792 A. Young Trav. France 171 She was an excellent farmeress. 1870 Miss Broughton Red as Rose I. 265 The farmeresses and yeomen’s wives of the Melford district. Farmer-general, [tr. F. fermier-generali] One who, under the old French monarchy, ‘ farmed ’ the taxes of a particular district. 1711 Fr. Bk. of Rates 126 The said Farmer-General, or his Clarks. 1768 Sterne Sent. Journ. (1778) II. 159 Paris , The farmer-general was just as inquisitive about our taxes. 1821 T. Jefferson Autobiog. Writings I. 90 A mitigation of the monopolies of our tobacco by the Farmers-general. transf. 1790 Mad. D'Arblay Diary Oct., I am no farmer-general. 1892 Daily News 28 Apr. 5/1 The right to sell programmes at 6d. is farmed out .. and the farmer is often a farmer-general whose privilege includes a whole batch of theatres. Farmerhood (faum3J|hud). [See- hood.] The state of being a farmer. 1890 Times 19 June 9/3 A man. .cannot glide into com¬ plete farmerhood by the easy and imperceptible gradations which the Committee seem to contemplate. Farmering (fa’-tmarig), vbl. sb. dial. [f. Farmer 2 + -ing h] The business of a farmer. 1888 in Elworthy IV. Somerset Word-bk., Farmering, farming as a pursuit. Farmering (faumarig), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing -.] Engaged in the occupation of a farmer. 1883 C. Reade m Harper's Mag. June 96/1 A farmering man wants to have four eyes. Farmerish (faumarij), a. [f. as prec. + -ism] Somewhat resembling a farmer.. 1882 J. S. Lloyd IVe Costelions II. ix. 49 There was one farmerish looking lad. 78 FARRAND. FARMERLY. t Farmerly, a. Obs. [f. as prcc. + -i,y',] Like a farmer. a 1674 Clarendon Hist. Reb. ix. (1703) II. 513 Some Farmerly Men. .which had good reputations of affection .. to the King's Service. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. 1793 W. Jones (of Nayland) Let. John Bull, Esq. 2 Thomas Bull is a plain farmerly man, given up to the business of his calling. t Fa'rmership. Obs. [f. as prec. + -ship.] The state or occupation of being a farmer, or steward ; stewardship. 1551 Udall, etc. Erasnt. Par. Acts ii, The lucky first fruites that the Ghospel brought forth for his rent and fermership. 1624 Gee Foot out of Snare 85 Giue an account of thy Farmer-ship. Farmery (faMmari), sb. [f. Farm sb. + -ery.] 1 . The buildings, yards, etc., belonging to a farm. 1656 S. Holland Don Zara (1719) 8 The first thing there¬ fore debated on by our Don was (as an Inquisitor) what food the Farmery afforded. 1787 W. Marshall Norfolk I. 81 The farmeries of Norfolk are..large and convenient. 1851 J. J. Mechi 2 mi Paper Brit. Agric. 30 Our present ill-arranged farmeries. 1891 Daily News 2 July 8/i A farmery and three cottages. 2 . = Farming 2. 1801 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. XII. 579 A rustic and rusticating fashion for farmery. Fa*rmery, a. [f. Farmer 2 + -y 3 .] Farmer¬ like. 1861 Thornbury Turner I. 312 Makes his cheese with farmery care. Farmery, var. of Fermery, Obs. Farmhold (fa-jmhu leue my talle farande. c 1340 Gau>. <$• Gr. Knt. 101 Vch farand fest. 1882 in Lane. Gloss. 3 . Having a specified appearance, disposition, or temperament. With qualifying word prefixed, as auld-, evil -, fair-, fighting-, foul-, well-far rand . a 1400 Sir Perc. 848 Siche ille farande fare, c 1440 //*), V. Forms: 4-6AV.ferrie,(6far- owe), 7-9 dial, farry, 4- farrow. Also 3 iveruwe, 4 yvar^e; and see Fare vJ [f. Farrow sb .] 1 . trans. Of a sow : To bring forth (young). a 1225 Ancr. R. 204 pus beoS peos pigges iueruwed. 1513 Douglas /Ends in. vi. 72 A grete sow fereit of grysis thretty heid. 1614 Markham Cheap Husb. (1623) 126 Many Sowes. .will deuoure their Pigges when they haue farro’d them. 1760 Goldsm. Cit. W. iviii, A sow. .farrowed fifteen pigs at a litter. 1828-40 Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) I. 137 The English sow had farrowed her pigs. Jig. 1823 Lamb Lett. (1888) II. 60 If Evelyn could have seen him, he would never have farrowed two such prodigious volumes. 2 . intr. To produce a litter. 1340 Ayenb. 61 pe zo3e huanne hi hep yuar^ed wel blepeliche byt men ycloped mid huyt. 1375 Barbour Bruce xvii. 701 On the wallis thai can cry, * That thairsow ferryit wes thair !’ 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 342 For that same sow I haif ordand sic draf.. Sail gar hir ferrie sone at the midsyde. 1601 Holland Pliny viii. Ii. 229 Swine, .farrow commonly twice a yeere. <21658 Ford, etc. Witch Edmonton v. ii, To cast her Pigs a day before she would have farried. 1727 Swift Baucis «V Philemon , Thought whose sow had farrow’d last. 1838-42 Arnold Hist. Rome I. i. 2 She laid down and farrowed, and her litter was of thirty young ones. FART. + b. Of other animals. (See also Farrowing ppl. a.) Obs. rare. 1580 Hollyiiand Treas. Fr. Tong, La Mucttc. .theplace where a Hare doth farrow. Hence Farrowed, Fa rrowing ppl. adjs., Far- rowing vbl. sb. Also attrib. 1583 Stanyuurst /Ends iii. (Arb.) 83 Her mylckwhit farroed hoglings. 1510-20 Com ft. too late maryed 11862) 8 A farrowynge bytehe. 1398 Trevisa Barth De P. A\ xix. lxiii. (1495) 899 A sowe is moost thicke in farowynge tyme. *577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. in. (1586) 149 b, Her far¬ rowing times are so divided for the nonce. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts (1673) 518 Barly.. at the farrowing causeth an easie and safe pigging. t Fa'rry, v. Obs. [Back-formation front Far¬ rier, taken as agent-n. in -Kit'.] = Faiuuer v. i. Hence Fa rrying vbl. sb., in quot. farring. 1807 Beverley Sf KexbyRoad Act 6 Horses, .going to be . .farried. 1825 Beverley Lighting Act ii. 17 Shoe, bleed, kill or farry any horse. 1678 K. R. (title ),The Experienced Farrier; or Earring Completed, in two books Physical and Chyrurgical. II Farsang (fa'-isreq). Also in Arab, form farsakh. [Pers. farsang: see Parasang.] * A Persian measure of distance—the Parasang of the ancients—about four miles * (H. H. Wilson Gloss. Ind. Terms). 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1864) 65 From hence they reckon their way by farsangs. 1753 Hanway Trav . (1762) I. iii. xxxiii. 154 We travelled three farsangs over moun¬ tains. 1864 PuSey Led. Daniel iii. 119 A reservoir .. 40 farsangs in circumference. 1889 Times (weekly ed.) 13 Dec. 8/1 A distance of 12 farsakhs, or 48 miles. Farse (fais), sb. Feel. Antiq. [A mod. adapta¬ tion of med.L. farsa (see Farce sbj] An ampli- ficatory phrase inserted into a liturgical formula ; also, each of the hortatory or explanatory passages in the vernacular interpolated between the Latin sentences in chanting the lesson or epistle. 1842 Hook Church Did. 296 The subdeacon first repeated each verse of the epistle or lectio , in Latin, and two choris¬ ters sang the Farse, or explanation. Farse (fajs), V. Feel. Antiq. [ad. OF. farsir , in pa. pple. latinized as fireitus: see Farce sb.'] trans. To amplify (a liturgical formula) by the in¬ sertion of certain words; to provide (an epistle) with a i farse ’ or interpolated vernacular comment. Also, to insert (a passage) by way of ‘ farse \ 1857 Ecclesiologist XVIII. 204 A very curious farced Epistle. 1877 J. D. Chambers Divine Worship 320 The ‘ kyrie * was simple, not farsed .. Between each kyrie is farsed. .one of the ten Commandments. transf. 1875 H. T. Kingdon Fasting Communion 11 A wonderful instance of 1 farsed ’ history. Farse, obs. form of Farce. t Fa*rset. Obs. rare—'. A casket, small case. 1639 Horn & Rob. Gate Lang. Uni. 1 . § 552 Store-houses to keep things in, are chests [hutches], coffers .. cases, caskets, farsets, little boxes. Hence 1671 in Skinner Etymol. Ling. Angl. Far-sight. Ability to see far. Also attrib. 1889 Pall Mall G. 15 June 2/2 A far-sight machine, by means of which he [Edison] hopes to be able to increase the range of vision by hundreds of miles. Far-sighted (fa.i|S9ited), a. [f. Far adv . + Sight + -ed 2.] Furnished with a capacity for distant vision. 1 . fig. Looking far before one; forecasting, shrewd, prudent. 1641 Milton Ch. Govt. Wks. 1738 I. 75 The fair and far¬ sighted eye of his natural discerning. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 262 To man she has given understand¬ ing, far-sighted faculty. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xv. (1856) 116 This far-sighted commander had .. salted down . .many of these birds. 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Man. xi. 303 A few far-sighted thinkers. 2 . lit. Able to see objects at a distance more clearly than those near at hand. 1878 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 820/1 This kind of eye is called hypermetropic, or far-sighted. Hence Par-sightedly adv., in a far-sighted manner. Par-sig*htedness, the state of being far-sighted, lit. and fig. i860 Mill Rcpr. Govt . (1861) 138 Any measure, .truly, largely, and far sightedly conservative. 1884 Times (weekly ed.) 20 June 5 The mother country must show herself farsightedly liberal. 1824-9 Landor Imag. Conv. (1846) II. 243 Verily our Prophet did well and with far¬ sightedness in forbidding the human form .. to be graven. 1881 Le Conte Monoc. Vision 48 This defect is often called . .far-sightedness. t Fa •rsure. Obs. rare. Also 5 farcere, farsor. [ad. L . far sura,i. farcTrc to stuff.] = Farce sb . 1 1381 in S. Pegge Form of Cury (1780) 100 Make a Farsure and fil ful the skyn. c 1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 26 Of alle |>o thynges [>ou make farsure. 14.. Noble Bk. Cookry (Napier 1882) 116 Tak pork and hennes flesh and good pouders and make a farsor ther of. Farsyn, var. of Farcin, Obs . farcy. Fart (fait), sb. Not in decent use. Also 5 fert(e, fartt, 5-6 farte. [f. the vb.; cf. OHG .first, fitrz, mod.G .farz, ON .frctr.~\ A breaking wind. Often in let (t let flee') a fart. c 1386 Chaucer Miller's T. 620 This Nicholas anon let flee a fart. 14.. Madman's Song in Ret. Ant. I. 260 Onys I fley and let a fert. 1562 J. Heywood Prov. <5- Epigr. FART. 80 FARTHING (1867) 21, I shall geat a fart of a dead man as soone As a farthyng of him. 1650 Bulwer Anthroponict. 220 The Guineans are very careful not to let a fart. 1728 Swift Dial. Mad. Mullinix <$• Timothy In doleful scenes that break our heart Punch comes, like you, and lets a f—t. 1825 Thurlow Ess. Wind 6 There are five or six different species of farts. f b. Asa type of something worthless. Obs. c 1460 Tcnvncley Myst. 16 Bi alle men set I not a fartc. 1642 in Picton L'pool Mimic. Rec. (1883)1. 233 Hee..cared not a f—‘t for it. 1685 Crowne Sir Courtly Nice v, A fart for your family. t 2 . A ball of light pastry, a ‘puff’. Obs. [Cf. F. pet ‘ beignet en boule.’] 1552 Huloet, Fartes of Porlingale, or other like swetc conceites, collybia. Fart (fait), v. Not now in decent use. Also 3 verto-n, 4 farten, 5 farton, 6 farte. [Common Teut. and Indo-gcrmanic : OE. *fcortan = OHG. ferzan (MHG. verzen , and with ablaut variants vurzen , varzen , mod.G. farzen ), ON. freta OTeut. *fertan :—OAryan *pcrd- (Skr. pard , prd y Gr. irepdeiv, Lith. ph’dzu, Russ. nop^CTh; the L. pedere is unconnected).] 1 . intr. To break wind (see Break v. 47). c 1250 Cuckoo Song, Bulluc stertep, bucke uertep. c 1386 Chaucer Miller's T . 152 He was somdel squaymous Of fartyng. ^1440 Promp. Parv. 150 Farton, pedo. c 1532 Df.wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 941/1 To farte or to burste, crepiter. 1610 B. Jonson Alch. 1. i, I fart at thee. 1740 Gray Lett. Wks. 1884 II. 59 Now they are always in a sweat, and never speak, but they f— t. fig. [after L. oppedered\ 1580 Barf.t Alv. F 149 To fart against one: and Meta- phorice, To denie with a lowd voice, oppederc. 1671 H. M. tr. Erastn. Colloq. 503, I cannot sufficiently admire, that there are not some men who fart against those men. 2 . trans. To send forth as wind from the anus. 1632 Massinger Maid of Hon. iv. iv, Tho' the devil fart fire, have at him ! 1710 Brit. Apollo III. 3/1 What is meant, when we say, a Man Farts Frankinsence. Hence Fa'rted ///. a. Fa rter, one who breaks wind. Fa'rting' vbl. sb., in quot. used attrib. Fa rting///, a. c 1440 Promp. Pam. 150 Fartare. Ibid. Fartynge, peditura, bombizacio. 1580 Hoi.lyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Cest vngros..vesseur , a great farter. 1583 Stubbes Anat. Abus. 11. (1882) 35 The same starching [brothell] houses (I had almost said farting houses) do serue the turn. 1648 Herrick Ifesper. I. 216 The farting tanner. 1653 Urquhakt Rabelais (1694) 11. xxvii. 166 Are your Farts so fertil? .. here be brave farted Men. 1660 Howell Lex. Tetraglot., A Farter, peteur. <*1687 C. Cotton Poet. Wks. (1765) 9 He was. .the loud’st of Farters. Farth, alleged synonym of Farrow sb. 2. 1688 R. Holme Armouiy 11. 134/1 The young ones .. of a sow. .are called a Farth, a Farrow of Pigs. Farthendele, var. of Farthingdeal. Obs. Farther (fauctai), adv. and a. Forms: 3-6 ferder, ferdre, 4 ferper(e, 4-6 ferthere, 4-8 farder, 5- farther. [ME. feiper (whence by normal phonetic development farther ) is in origin a mere variant of Further, due prob. to the analogy of the vb. ferjnxn :—OE. fyrtfrian to Further. The primary sense of further , farther is 1 more forward, more onward 1 ; but this sense is practically coincident with that of the comparative degree of far , where the latter word refers to real or attributed motion in some particular direction. Hence further , farther came to be used as the comparative of far; first in the special application just mentioned, and ultimately in all senses, dis¬ placing the regular comparative farrer. In standard Eng. the form farther is usually preferred where the word is intended to be the comparative of far , while further is used where the notion of far is altogether absent; there is a large inter¬ mediate class of instances in which the choice between the two forms is arbitrary.] A. adv. 1 . More forward ; to or at a more advanced point. a. in space, or in a course of procedure or development. a 1300 \ Cursor M 6831 (Gott.) Help him or J>u ferder wend. c 1320 Sir Tristr. 1491 He no may ferder far. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R iv. lii. (1495) 81 The kynde dryenesse of the erthe suffryth not the fletynge reeses of the see passe ferder. c 1400 Destr. Troy 11748 Thou art no farder. .thy fame for to lose, pan I my lyffe were leuer leue in pe plase. c 1460 Towneley Myst. We may no farther walk. 1508 Fisher Wks. (1876) 281 Or we procede ony ferder. 1548 Hall Chron. 161 b, The capitaines folowed no farther the chace. 1616 R. C. Times' Whistle 11. 845 The foole Was never farther than the grammer schoole. 1695 Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth i. (1723)5 Having little Prospect of., carrying on these observations any farther. 1703 Moxon Mcch.Exerc. T30, I shall run no farther into this Argu¬ ment. 1883 Ht. Martineau Charmed Sea i. 5 If you can bear your load no farther, say so. 1876 Gladstone Homeric Synchr. 12, I wish., to carry the affirmative portion of my propositions greatly farther b. in time : Longer. 1548 Forrest Pleas. Poesye 26 As Ferdre in reigne grue their contynuance. 1640-1 Kirkcudbr. War-Cornm. Min. Bk. (1855) 42 Until the next Committie day, and farder during thair plessor. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 120 r 5 Some Creatures cast their Eggs as Chance directs them, and think of them no farther. 1802 Mar. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. vii. 45 Then we need argue no farther. C. Farther gone : at a more advanced stage. 1708 Swift Sacramental Test Wks. 1824 VIII. 355 The Observator is. .farther gone of late in lyes than his Presby¬ terian brother. 2 . To a greater extent, more completely. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. II. 774 Yet feare I no far¬ ther then the law feareth. 1585 James I Ess. Pocsic (Arb.) 21 Not doubting, .hut you will accept my. .trauellis in good parte, (sen I requyre no farder). 1610 Shaks. Temp. 1. ii. 33 Sit downe For thou must now know farther. 1789 Bentham Princ. Lcgisl. xvii. § 7 Punishment cannot act any farther than in as far as the idea of it. .is present in the mind. 3 . In addition, also, besides, moreover. <-1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 345 Se we ferper hou pis stiward may erre in ordenaunce of the Chirche. 1413 Lydg. l'ilgr. Soivle iv. xxviii. (1483) 75 He knoweth al thynge, therfore there is nought ferther to seken by discours, i486 Certificate in Surtees ./!///*:. (1890) 46 And ferder entenditte to examyne in that behalve. 1562 Winzet Cert. Tractates i. Wks. 1888 I. 13 Farder, sen all man hes this word refor- matioun in mothe..we [etc.]. 1652 Milton in Four C. Eng. Lett. 99 And have this farder, which I thought my parte to let you know of, that [etc.]. 1719 De Foe Crusoe II. i. 2 Nay farther, the common Motive of foreign Adven¬ tures was taken away. 1794 Fletcher's Wks . VII. Pref. 6 The Reader is farther requested, to remember that [etc.]. 4 . To or at a greater distance; by a greater interval. To wish (any one) farther. c 1380 Wyclif Serin. Sel. Wks. II. 107 Ech man shuldo sue him or ferpere or nerpere. 1489 Caxton E'ayttcs of A. iv. xvii. 280 11 is ferder from the lyght more than eny of the other colours he. 1578 Lyte Dodocns 1. lii. 76 The leaves lie. .standing farder asunder one from another. 1586 Cogan Haven Health (1636) 135 Flesh of a drie complexion is better neere calving time than farder from it. 1766G01.DSM. Vic. Wakef. xiv. (1806) 71 He could hop on one leg farther than I. 1782 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 12 Aug., Miss Plauta .. only wished the maid farther for never finding us out till we began to he comfortable without her. 1821 Keats Isabel iii, He would catch Her beauty farther than the falcon spies. 1847 Hali.iwell s. v., I’ll he farther if I do it, i. e. I won’t do it. 1876 J. Parker Paracl. 1. vii. 106 Can anything he farther from theology, .than stone-cutting? 5 . Comb., as farther-spreading adj. 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. IV. liii. 90 The expression of something, .with..farther-spreading roots. B. adj. + 1 . Prior, anterior; front; = Further 1. Obs. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. ii. (1495) 104 Kynde settith in the eyen in the ferder and the ouer partie of the heest. 1534 Whitinton Tnllycs Offices 1. (1540) 16 Where as there be twomaners of contencions. .the ferther is appro- pried unto man, the seconde unto wylde beestes. Ibid. 111. 117 Of the two farther maners Panecius did declare in thre hookes. Of the thyrde maner he wrote [etc.]. 2 . More extended, going beyond what already exists or has been dealt with, additional, more. <-1520 Sir W. Godolphin in Ellis Orig. Lett. m. II. 218, I coud not macke no fferder serche. 1548 Hall Chron. 117 b, Avoydyng farther effusion of christen hloud. 1641 Hinde J. Bruen xlvi. 146 For the clearing of this point, and the farther satisfaction of such as delight therein. 1704 Swift T. Tub Apol., There is one farther objection made by those who have answered this book. 1768 Goldsm. Good-n. Man iv. i, For fear he should ask farther ques¬ tions. 1802 Mar. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. 209 The king took no farther notice of what had happened. 1837 Dickens Pickup, xii, Down he sat without farther bid¬ ding. 3 . More distant, remoter. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 332 The farther syde of London. 1598 Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. 83 The Hierocaesarienses fetchte their matter from a farther beginning. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. in. xxxiv. 207 To hinder them from a far¬ ther prospect. 1675 Ashmole Diary (1774) 348 Great pain in my farther tooth, on the left side of my upper jaw. 1743 Pope Thebais 420 Whose ghost. .Expects its passage to the farther strand. 1754 Sherlock Disc. (1759) I. xiv, 367 These Gifts were subservient to a farther end. Farther (fautfei), v. Now rare. Also 7 farder. [The regular phonetic descendant in standard Fng. of ME. ferpre-n : see Further v.] trans % To help forward, promote, favour, assist (an action, movement, etc., rarely, a person); = Fur¬ ther v. a 1000-1390 [For examples of the forms with fer- (OE •Jyr-'l see Further 7/.]. 1570 North Doni's Mor. Philos. (1888) III. 197 That I might . .farther and aduanCe my poore familie. 1605 Carew in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 100, I praie that yow wilbe pleased to farder the motion. 1651 Hobbes Govt. <5- Soc. i. § 2. 6 Though the benefits of this life may be much farthered by mutuall help. 1703 Mrs. Centi.ivre Beau's Duel 1. ii, I love mischief so well, I can refuse nothing that farthers that. 1846 Ruskin Mod. Paint. II. iii. 1. xv. § 9 It has been said .. that the sense of beauty never farthered the performance of a single duty. absol. 1579 Digges Stratiot. v. 10 This .. is sufficient for Division, more woulde rather discourage than farther. 1669 A. Browne Ars Piet. (1675) 9 The more the capacity is wanting, the more my Labour will farther, when need re- quireth, t Fa'rtlierance. Obs. rare. [f. prec. + -ance.] = Furtherance. 1785 Paley Mor. Philos. (1818) II, 329 Conduce to the fartherance of human salvation. + Fa*rtherer. Obs. [f. as prec. + -er L] = Fur- therer. 1494 [sec Conductrice]. 1633 Stafford Pac. Ilib. (1821) vi. 289 Florence was not onely forward in his owne person but also a fartherer of others. 1655 Fuller Hist. Camb. § 13. 47 A great favourer and fartherer of the truth, + Farthermore, adv. and a. Obs. Forms: see Farther and -more. [var. Furthermore, q.v.] A. adv. = Furthermore in various senses. a 1300 Cursor M. 10238 (Gott.), I hidd pe cum na ferper* mare. c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 431 Fferpermor we shal suppose pat hodyliche abyte.. makip not men religiose. c 1400 Rom. Rose 3926, 1 shalle repente ferthermore, For the game goth alle amys. 1450-1530 Myrr. Our Ladyc 199 Farthermore the prophetes were sory. 1488 Caxton Chast. Goddcs Chyld. ii. 7 Some causes of his wythdraweng I vvyll shew now or I wryte ferder more of ony matere. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 112 Now fardermoir in that mater till mute, Tha passit all onto the yle of Bute. B. adj. More remote; = Farther a. 3. 1610 Holland Camden's Brit. 1. 643 The hithermore is called Tullie. .the farthermore is named Barry. Farthermost (fautfoimoust), a. [var. of Furthermost: cf. Farther.] Farthest, most re¬ mote or distant. 1618 Bolton Florus 11. v. 90 The Illyrians .. inhabit at the farthermost roots of the Alpes. 1705 Lond. Gaz. No. 4145/4 She..is lame on the farthermost Shoulder. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. xix. 237 The farthermost expansion of Smith’s Strait. Farthest (f auftest), a. and adv. Also 4 ferpest, ferdest, 5-7 fardest. [var. of Furthest ; used as superlative of Far : see Farther.] A. adj. 1 . Most distant or remote. Also with of. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. v. 239 pe ferthest ende of norfolke. 1398 Trevisa Barth De P. R. iv. i. (1495) 78 The fyre that is ferdest from the mydle of the erthe. 1474 Caxton Chesse 156 The fardest ligne of theschequer. 1549 Latimer 4 th Semi, bef Edit). VI (Arb.) 121 He was a manne the fardest frome the feare of God that euer I knewe. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xli. (1611)266 Which wee. .imagine to be fardest off. 1622 Malynes Anc. Law-MercJi. 222 The Prouerbe is true, That he who is farthest from his goods, is neerest to his losse. 1671 Milton P. R. iii. 397 And that time for thee Were better farthest off. 1726 tr. Gregory's Astron. I. 11 If it be most Direct and farthest off the Earth. 1777 Sir W. Jones Poems $ Ess. 179 The farthest limits of the kingdom. 1823 H. J. Brooke Introd. Crystallogr. 31 With the edge at which those planes meet, the farthest from you. 2 . Extending to the greatest distance, longest. 1633 T. James Voy. 109 In Nauigation, the farthest way about. 1878 Stevenson Inland Voy., It was the farthest piece of*travel accomplished. 3 . absol. At {the) farthest: a. of space : At the greatest distance, b. of future time : At latest, c. of degree : At the outside. 1596 Shaks. Merch. V. 11. ii. 122 Let it be so hasted that supper be readie at the farthest by fiue of the clocke. 1661 Cowley Prop. Adv. Exp. Philos., Within one, two or (at farthest) three miles of London. 1670 Narborough Jml. in Acc. Serf. Late Voy. 1.(1711) 33 When I was at the farthest.. 1 could not see any sign of People. 1765 Chesterf. Lett. cccli. (1774) IV. 221 You may depend upon what I promised you, before Midsummer next, at farthest. B. adv. To or at the greatest distance. Also with off. 1598 Yong Diana 174 Sometimes striuing who could smite a stone fardest with them. 1607 Tourneur Revenger's Trag. iv. I iij, Here’s the comfort my Lord..When it seemes most it threatnes fardest off. 1667 Milton P. L. 1. 247 Fardest from him is best Whom reason hath equald. b. Comb, forming the superlatives of compounds of Far a. 1580 Sidney Arcadia (1622)282 In the farthest-fet con¬ struction. 1879 E. Arnold Lt. Asia 10 The wisest one, The farthest-seen in Scriptures. Farthing (faufiiq), sb. Forms : 1 feortSung, 2 feorping, 2-3 ferping, -yng, 3-4 south, verp-, verthing, 3-6 ferthing, -yng(e, 4-6 ferdyng(e, 6 farthinge, -yng(e, 6-8 fardin(g, -yng, 9 dial farden, -in, 6- farthing. [OE .ftoffting,ftoriSung, f. feortt-a Fourth ; corresp. to ON .fdrtSungr, of which it may possibly be an adoption.] A quarter of some particular denomination of money or measure. 1 . The quarter of a penny ; the coin representing this value. (Until 17th c. chiefly a silver coin; subsequently of copper alloys; now of bronze.) In translations of the N.T. used for the two Roman coins as and quadrans , respectively the tenth and the fourth part of a denarius. c 950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark xii. 42 Tuoge stycas prut is feorSung penninges. — Luke xxi. 2 Gesaeh 5 onne an widua Sorfondlico sendende mseslenno feorSungas tuoeg. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 129/800 To3elden ech ferping. Act q Edit). Ill, 11. c. 3 Que nul esterling, maille ne ferthing soit fondu pour vessel. 1340 Aycnb. 193 pe poure wyfman pet ne hedde bote tuaye uerpiuges pet hi offredeto pe temple, c 1430 11 out Good Wijf tau^ie DouStir 184 in Babees Bk. (1868) 46 Ne perfore spende neuere pe more of a ferthing. 1502 Ora. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 11. xviii. 136 Unto y° last ferd- ynge. 1520 Caxton's Chron. Eng.v 11. (1520)91 b/i The kynge ordeyned that the sterlyng halfpeny and ferthyng sholdego throughout al his lande. 1562 J. Heywood Prov. Sf Epigr. (1867) 165 She thinkthhir farthing good syluer. 1611 Bible Matt. x. 29 Are not two Sparrowes solde for a farthing? 1642 [see Brass sb. 7]. 1667 E. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. 1. (1684) 11 A small piece of copper, called a Farthing. 1688 Lond. Gaz. No. 2407/4 The new Tin Farthings, .are to he delivered out at the Tinn Office in Bishopsgate-street. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones vi. xiii, Here, then, .take every farthing I am worth. 1849 Robertson Serm. Ser. 1. ii. (1866) 32 A miser .. hoards farthings. 1866 G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. xxxii. (1878) 556 Nor can you touch one farthing of her money. FARTHINGALE. FASCIAL. 81 + b. Under farthing : marked with a farthing. 1715 I.ond. Gat. No. 5365/4 Sheep .. gabel’d on the Left Ear, the Right Ear under Farthing. 2 . transf. + a. A very small piece of anything. 06 s. Hence b. fig. A very little, * an atom ‘ a bit esp. in Not to care or matter a farthing. a. c 1386 Chaucer Prol. 134 In hire cuppe was no ferthing sene Of grees. b. ^1400 Destr. Troy 8884 Hit neuer fortherit me a ferthing to fylsy my goodes. 1550 Crowley Last Trump 828 Thou knowest not therbi to make the sicke man one farthinge better. 1647 Ward Simp. Cobler 43 It matters not a farthing whether he be Presbyterian or Independent. a 1707 Prior The Ladle 18 Else all these Things we toil so hard in, Wou'd not avail one single Farthing. 17x2 Steele. Sped. No. 522 iP 6 The gentleman who has told her he does not care a farthing for her. 1872 Black Adv. Phaeton xxv. 347 Declared that he did not care a brass farthing. 13 . Farthing {of gold) : a. A quarter noble; also farthing-noble. (The AF. statute of 1421 has ferling.) b. A quarter royal (see quot. 1494). 1463 Bury Wills (1850) 15, I beqwethe to..Davn John Wulfpet. .a ferthing of gold. 1494 Fabyan Citron, vn. 655 This yere [1464-5] was a newe coyne ordeyned by the kynge ..namyd the royall .. in value of .x. shillynges, the halfe royall .v.s. and the ferthynge .ii. s. vi. d. 1529 Rastell Pastyme (1811)220 [In 1351] the kynge stablysshed his coyne .. and ordayned that .. a noble of goldeshulde go for halfe a marke and xx.d for a farthynge of gold, and xii of those farthynges of golde dyd way an ounce. f 4 . The name of various measures of land: a. ? The quarter of a hide; =Virgate; cf. Fardel sb. 2 b. ? The quarter of a virgate. c. ? The quarter of an acre, a rood (see quot. 1669 for farthing-land in 5 b). Ohs. a 1000 Exon Domesday fol. 356 Oltredus. .reddidit gildum pro iii utrg. et iii ferdin’ et dim. 1602 Carew Cornwall 36 a, Commonly thirtie Acres make a farthing land, nine farthings a Cornish Acre, and four Cornish Acres, a Knight’s fee. c 1630 Risdon Surv. Devon § 68 (1810) 65 Moyhun was seized of three rods and three farthings of land. 5 . attrib . and Comb. a. attrib. Costing or valued at a farthing, as farthing-candle , whence farthing- candle-light, farthing-fee, - loaf Also objective , as farth ing-coiner. ^1300 Havelok 878 He., bar J>e mete to b e castel, And gat him |>ere a fer]>ing wastel. c 1350 Eng. Gilds (1870) 354 }if h e ferhingloff is in defawte of wy5te ouer twelf pans. 1463 Bu?y Wills (1850) 28 As moche fer- thyng white breed as comyth to iiij s. ij d. 1524 Test. Ebor. (Surtees) V. 181 To every man and woman and childe of the contrie a farddyng loof. 1596 J. Dee in Recorders Gr. Arles 11. 324 Directly against it [the price of wheate] in the second columne you may find the waight of the farthing white loafe. 1597-8 Bp. Hall Sat. 1. iv. 2 Strayning his tip-toes for a farthing fee. 1631 Star Chanib. Cases (Camden) 84 Then was. .read the severall confessions of the 2 farthing coyners. 1673 E. Pearse Best Match vii. § 5. 76 Not so much as the light of a Farthing-Candle is to the light of the Sun. 1691 tr. Emiliannes Frauds Romish Monkes 247 Her sisters would never be at a Farthing charge to procure Prayers for her. 1795 Wolcott (P. Pindar) IVks. (1812) IV. 180 A sun with 11s .. yields to every Farthing Candle. 1817 Byron Bcppo xliii, That sort of farthing candlelight which glimmers When reeking London’s smoky caldron simmers. 1848 Garnett Ess. 120 The farthing-candle style of the notes. 1864 Sat. Rev. 9 July 66 The farthing, as first issued, was called a farthing token. b. Special comb., as farthing-boat, a boat on which the fare is a farthing ; farthing-cut, a mark with which horses were branded by the owner; farthing-gleek, see Gleek ; farthing-land (see quots.) ; f farthing-man, Sc., some official of a guild ; farthing-noble, the fourth part of a noble; farthing-office, the office from which farthings were issued; farthing-shop, one where articles priced at a farthing are sold; farthing-trout, a name of the Samlet or Parr. 1832 W. Stephenson Gateshead Local Poems 58 She took the *farthing boat. 1691 Lond. Gaz. No. 2694/4 Stolen or strayed, .one black Nag. .with a *farthing cut in the near Ear. 1711 Ibid. No. 4877/4 A farthing Cut on his Left Ear. a 1652 Brome Mad Couple well Matched 11. i. At Post and Pare, or * Farthing gleeke. 1602 Carew Cornwall 36 a, Commonly thirtie acres make a *farthing land. 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 325 A Farding Land, or Farundale of Land, is the fourth part of an Acre. 1882 C. Elton Grig. Eng. Hist. 193 Three kinds of land, Assart, Farthing-land and Cotman-land. 15.. St at. Gild in Balfour Practicks 77 Quhen the Alderman, Thesurare, *Farthing-man or Dene .. convene the gild brether for the commoun affairis. 15.. Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 5 The nobylle, half nobylle, and *ferdyng- nobylle. 167a Land. Gaz. No. 714/4 The * Farthing-Office . .for the delivering out of Farthings will be open on Tues¬ days only. 1889 Pall Mall G. 6 Sept. 3/1 The Tarthing shop is in Dorset-street. 1865 Couch Fishes Brit. Jsl. IV. 245 Samlet. .^Farthing trout. Farthingale (fa*jJ)iq,g^l). Forms: 6 far- thyngall, 6-8 fardingal l, 7 Sc. fartigal, 7-8 farthingal, 7- fard-, farthingale. P. 6-8 var- dingal(e, 6 verdynggale, 7 verdingal(e, (vertin- gale, virdingal). [ad. OF. vcrdugale, vcrtugalle , corruption of Sp. verdugado a farthingale, f. ver- ditgo rod, stick. (So called because distended by cane hoops or rods inserted underneath.')] A frame-work of hoops, usually of whalebone, worked into some kind of cloth, formerly used for Vol. IV. extending the skirts of women’s dresses ; a hooped petticoat. i 55 2 Latimer Serm. Gospels iii. 166, I warrant you they had bracelets and verdynggales and such fine gere. 1607 Dekker Wcstw. Hoe 1. Wks. 1873 II.282 To learne howto weare a Scotch Farthingale. 1673 Ray Journ. LowC. 499 The Women wear great Vardingales, standing .. far out at each side. 1753 L. M. tr. Du Boscq's Accomplish'd Woman I. 124, I cannot esteem those who part with regret from their high-heads and vardingales. 1776 Foote Bank - rupt 11, Her majesty’s old fardingale is not more out of fashion. 1830 J. G. Strutt Sylva Brit. 47 The maids of honour had just stripped off their fardingales. i860 Reade Cloister Sf H. I. 280 Whatever he was saying or doing, he stopped short at the sight of a farthingale. attrib. 1711 J. Distaff Char. Don. Sachevcrelli 4 A large Fardingale Petticoat. Hence Farthingaled a ., having a farthingale. 1873 Mjfes Broughton Nancy I. 19 Like the faithful, ruffed and farthingaled wife on a fifteenth century tomb. Farthing-bag (fauSiqibseg). dial. Also 8 farding-bag. See quots. a 1722 Lisle Husb. (1752) 248 They quite choaked up their first stomach called the farding bag. 1879 Miss Jackson ShroPsh. Word-bk ., Farthing-bag , the second stomach of a cow. 'Ers bund i’the farthin’ bag. t Farthingdeal. Obs. Forms: 5 forthing- dole, 6-7 farthendele, 7-8 fardingdeal(e, far- thingdole, far(r)nndell. [repr. OE. fJordan dsel , accus. of fco?'da dJel fourth part: see Fourth and Deal sb. Cf. IIalvendeal, Thriddendeal. The first element was afterwards regarded as a form of Farthing.] 1 . gen. A fourth part. a 1400-50 Alexander 3844 Als fast as b e forthing- dole had of J>e flode past. 2 . spec. a. The fourth part of an acre ; a rood. 1542 Recorde Gr. Artes (1575) 208 A Rod of lande, whiche some call a roode .. some a Farthendele. 1600 T. Hylles Arith. 67 a, A farthendele or roode of lande. 1607 Cowel Interpr.y Farding deale alias Farundell of land signifieth the fourth part of an acre. 1692-1732 in Coles. 1721-1800 in Bailey. 1835 Rep. Muncipal Corporations Comm. II. App. 1248 The remaining .. acres are divided into quarter acres, called ‘ farthingdoles’. b. See quot. ; = Farthing 4 b. c 1640 J. Smyth Lives Berkeleys (1883) I. 156 Quarter of a yard land called a farrundell. Farthingless (fa-ifiiqles), a. [f. Farthing sb. +-LES 3 .] Without a farthing ; destitute. 1834 Blackw. Mag. XXXV. 695 You being farthingless. Farthingsworth (fa'iaiijzwsifi). [f. as prec. + -worth.] As much as is bought or sold for a farthing, a very small amount. Also fig. c 1325 Poem Times Edw. 11 % 100 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 328 A prest. .That can noht a ferthingworth of god. c 1380 Wyclif Set. Wks. II. 515 }>e kyng may not take fro hem an halfpeny ne ferpingworp. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. vii. 360 A ferthyng-worth of fynkelsede. 1579 Langham Card. Healthy 1633)519 A farthingworth of bruised Licoras. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) II. v. 108 Not one farthing’s-worth of service. + Fa'rture. Obs. [ad. ’L.fartur-a, {.fart-, ppl. stem of farcire to stuff.] = Farsure, stuffing. 1657 Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 87 As Salitureand Farture rather seem to appertain to a cooks (shop). Farundell: see Fartuingdeal. Far-welted (fa'-qwelted), a. dial. Also far-, fow-, welter’d, [f. Welt v„ a. ON. velta to over¬ turn; the first element is perh. ON.yizrharm, mis¬ chief, as in far-veikr very ill.] (See quots.) 1870 Tennyson North. Farmer , New Style viii, An ’e ligs on’is back. .Woorse nor a far-welter'd [footnote , Or fow-welter’d] yowe. 1877 N. W. Line. Gloss ., Farwelted, overthrown ; said of sheep. Farwendine, var. of Farandine Obs. + Fary. Sc. Obs. AI50 farie. Cf. Feery- fary. [V Related to Fare sb. 6 c.] A state of tumult or consternation. 1500-20 Dunbar * Full oft I muss * 39 Lat us .. evir be reddy and addrest, To pass out of this frawfull fary. 1501 Douglas Pal. Hon . Prol. 107 Amyd the virgultis all in till a fary, As feminine so feblit fell I down. 1513 — FEneis x. xiv. 31 Me^entius. .baith hys handis in that sammyn steyd Towart the hevin vphevis in a fary. Fary (Levins 1570), var. of Farrow v. t Fas. Obs. (Since OE. only Sc.) Also 6 fasse, fees. [OE. fas, fas str. neut., cogn. with OHG. faso m., fasa f. (MHG. vase), also MHG. vaser, mod.G .faser, of same meaning.] 1 . A border, fringe. ^950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. ix. 20 Wif. .^eneolecde. .and Xehran fas wedes his. 1474 Ld. Treas. Accts. Scot. (1.877) I. 22 Item vj vnee of silk for fassis. 1501 Douglas Pal. Hon. 1. xxxiv, Fas, nor uther frenzies, had it none. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus 1. 157 With fassis fyne nane fairer mycht be found. 2 . As the type of something worthless. 1508 Ballad in Golagr. «$• Gaw. sig. b v, Sik gouuernance I call noucht worth a fasse. 1513 Douglas TEneis iv. Prol. 155 Scant worth a fas. II Fasces (fse’stz), sb. pi. [L .fasces (sin g.fascis bundle) in same sense.] 1 . A bundle of rods bound up with an axe in the middle and its blade projecting. These rods were enrried by lictors before the superior magistrates at Rome as an emblem of their power. 1598 Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. 1. iii. (1622) 5 The fasces or knitch of rods. 1713 Swift The Eaggot , In history we never found The consuls’ fasces were unbound. 1879 Froude Caesar xxiii. 401 The consular fasces, the emblem of the hated Roman authority. b. Her. Asa badge. 1889 Elvin Diet. Her. s.v, Eascis t The Fasces are now frequently given to those who have held magisterial offices. 2 . transf. and fig. a. The ensigns of authority or power, esp. in To take , lay down , resign the fasces ; hence also, authority. 1619 Beaum. & Fl. Valentinian v. v, He must take the fasces. 1666 Dryden Mirab. 199 The Duke..shook aloft the Fasces of the Main. 1673 95 Wood Life (1848) 184 The sen r . proctor, .laid down the fasces of his authority. 1797 Burke Let. Affairs Irel. Wks. 1812 V. *321 You must submit your fasces to theirs. 1792 S. Rogers Pleas. Mem. 1. 292 Diocletian’s self-corrected mind The imperial fasces of a world resigned. 1827 Macaulay Machiav. Ess. (1854) 49/2 H e pines for. .the fasces of Brutus. f b. The punishments threatened by the fasces ; flogging or beheading. Obs. 1641 R. Brooke Eng. Episc. 11. vii. 109 That Tragedy, whose Epilogue was Flame and Fagot, or at least the Fasces to younger men. c. humorously. The birch rod. 1762 Foote Orator 1. Wks. 1799 I* *97 The fescues and fasces .. have been .. consigned to one, or more matron in every village. Fascet (fse'set). A tool used to introduce glass bottles into the annealing oven. 1662 Merrett Ncri's Art of Glass 364 Fascets are Irons thrust into the bottle to carry them to anneal. 1753 in Chambers Cycl. Su //. 1825 in W. Hamilton Hami-ik. Terms A rt 4 Sc. Fascia (fie'Jia). PI. faseiee. In architectural uses also -as. Forms ; 7 fasia, facea, 8 facio, -tio, 9 facia (with English plural), 6- fascia, [a. L . fascia in senses 1 and 2.] + 1 . in Lat. sense: A band, fillet. Obs. 1587 T. Underdown tr. Hcliodorus 85 Cariclia tied a part of her fascia that was foule, about her head. 1594 Drayton Ideas Wks. (1748) 399 Poor rogue [Cupid] go pawn thy fascia and thy bow. 1606 B. Jonson Hymenaei Wks. (Rtldg.) 554/2 A Veile.. bound with a Fascia of severall coloured silkes. 2 . Archit. Any long flat surface of wood, stone or marble, esp. in the Doric order, the band which divides the architrave, and in the Ionic and Corin¬ thian orders, each of the three surfaces into which the architrave is divided. (Hence the use ex¬ plained under Facia.) 1563 Shute Archit. D ij a, The lowest Fascia, .the second Fascia, .the third Fascia. 1663 Gerbier Coutisel (1664) 71 Beades in the Fasia, cut at round. 1703 T. N. City <$• C. Purchaser 13 A broad Plinth, or Fatio. 1766 Entick London IV. 81 The present edifice [is] built partly with brick, and stone faceas. 1769 De Foe Tour Gt. Brit. 1 .169 This Work, .is crowned with a Facia and Torus of wrought Stone. 1827 G. Higgins Celtic Druids Introd. p. 46 One [Round Tower] at Ardmore has fascia; at the several stories, which all the rest .. seem to want. 1881 F. Young Every man his (non Mechanic § 1354 To the ends of the rafteis a facia should be nailed. + b. A ceiling coved on two opposite sides only. 16x3-39 I. Jones in Leoni Palladio's Archit. (1742) I. 39 A Fascia is the same as aConca, and terminates to the wall. I 7 I 5 Ibid. (1721) I. 83 The Hall is arch’d with a Fascia. 3 . Anat. A thin sheath of fibrous tissue investing a muscle or some special tissue or organ ; an aponeurosis. 1788 H. Watson in Med. Commun. II. 268 Tendinous expansions, or Fasciae, .support the muscles. 1804 Aber- nethy Surg. Obs. 30 A tumour formed apparently beneath the fascia of his thigh. 1840 G. Ellis Anat. 413 The palmar fascia and the transverse ligament of the metacarpal bones. 1854 Owen Skel. <$• Teeth (1855) 3 The temporal fascia in the turtle. 1876 Duhring Dis. A kin 24 The super¬ ficial fascia of muscles. b. The substance of which this is composed. 1881 Mivart Cat 133 This muscle is only covered by skin and fascia. 4 . Any object, or collection of objects, that gives the appearance of a band or stripe, a. Astron. The belt of a planet, b. Conchol. A row of per¬ forations. c. Bot., Zool. , and Ornith, A band of colour, d. Her. = Fesse. a. 1704 J. Harris Lex . Techn., Fascia. ?, in the Planet Mars, are certain Rows of Spots, parallel to the Equator of that Planet, which looks like Swathes or Fillets wound round about his Body. 1825 W. Hamilton Hand-bk. Terms A rt <5- Sc., Fasciae , the belts seen on the discs of the superior planets. b. 1877 Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. ix. 571 The ambulacra . .are not arranged in fascire. C. 1752 Sir J. Hill Hist. Anim. 152 There are three brown fasciae running over it of considerable breadth. 1826 Kirby & Si*. Entomol. (1828) III. xxxii. 302 The secondary wings arc black with an orange fascia near the posterior margin. 1839 Jardine Brit. Birds II. 80 An ill-defined ochraceous fascia across the ver.t. d. 1880 Encycl. Brit. XI. 694/2 The Fess, fesse, fascia, is a strip placed horizontally across the middle of the field. Fascial (fse'Jial), aJ raj‘e~ Y . [f. Fasc-es-i- - j)al.] Of or pertaining to the (Roman) fasces. 1832 in Webster. 1855 Singleton Virgil II. 148 Dost thou list, .the fascial rods, Recovered, to behold? Fascial (fee Jial), af Anat. [ad. L .fascidlis : see Fascia and -al.] Of or pertaining to the fnscise ; aponeurotic. FASCIATE. 82 FASCINATION. Fasciate (fae'fi|£ v t), a. fad. laic 'L.fascidt-us, pa. pple. of fasciare to swathe, f. fascia : see Fascia.] Bot. = Fasciated. Fasciate (fe’JV't), v. [f. late 'L.fascidt- ppl. stem of fasciare : see prec.] trails. To bind with ' or as with a fascia. Also, to fasciate together. 1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus ii, The armes not lying fasciating or wrapt up, after the Grecian manner. 1664 Evelyn Sylva (1776) 543 The fatal prediction of. .accidents fasciating the boughs and branches of trees. 1677 Plot Oxfordsh. 148 A broad flat stalk, as if there were several of them fasciated together. Fasciated (far Jilted),///. a. [f. Fasciate v. + -ed 1 . Cf. Fr. fascie .] 1 . Bot. See quot. 1835. 1835 Lindley Introd. Bot. (1848) II. 382 Fasciated [is] when several contiguous parts grow unnaturally together into one. 1868 Darwin Anim. <$• PI. I. x. 365 The flower- stem [of the Cockscomb] is wonderfully 1 fasciated ’ or com¬ pressed. b. C?ystallog. Massed together. 1811 Pinkerton Petral. II. 133 Very small crystals, elegantly fasciated in various directions. + 2 . Of a roof: Coved on two opposite sides only: see Fascia 2 b. Obs. 1715 Leoni Palladio''s Archit. (1721) I. 79 The Arches of the. .Rooms near the Galleries, are fasciated. 3 . Marked with bands or stripes; striped. 175a Sir J. Hill Hist. Anim. 152 The bluish, fasciated Porcellana. 1766 Pennant Zool. (1777) IV. 119 Red fasci¬ ated with black or white, along the spires. 1798 — Hindoostan II. 204 The columns are ribbed and near their tops doubly fasciated. 1801 Latham Hist. Birds 2nd Supp. 312 Fasciated Sandpiper. Fasciation (faesi^-Jhn). [a. F. fasciation : see Fascia and -ation.] 1 . The binding up of a limb, etc., with bandages. 1650 Bulwer Anthropomet. xix. 190 By their constant and foolish Fasciation the Bones, .may be incurvated. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn., Fasciation is a binding of Swathes about a Limb that is to be cured. 1889 Wagstaffe Moyne's Med. Foe., Fasciation , the binding up of a diseased or wounded part with bandages. fb. concr. A bandage. Obs. 1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus ii. 107 Even Diadems ..were but fasciations, and handsome ligatures, about the heads of Princes. 1658 — Hydriot, i. 5 The fasciations and bands of death. 2 . The process of becoming fasciated; also, fasciated condition (see Fasciated i). 1677 Plot Oxfordsh. 148 The fasciation. .being as it were an attempt for two stalks. 1881 J. Gibbs in Science Gossip No. 203. 254 The growth of several buds from the same node, .does not often give rise to fasciation of the branches. Fascicle (fae sik’l). Also 7 fasickle. [ad. L. fasciculus , dim. of fascis : see Fasces.] 1 . A bunch, bundle. Now only in scientific use. Formerly also fig. 1622 F. Markham Bk. IVar iv. v. 138 This Fasickle or bundle of vertues. 1792 Char, in Ann. Reg. 46/2 The middle fascicle of hair, .is wrapped in a large quill of silver. 1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 368 Lamellae arranged in groups or fascicles. 1877 Coues Fur. Anim. vii. 198 The hairs of the tail..grow, .in somewhat isolated fascicles. b. spec, in Bot. A cluster of leaves or flowers with very short stalks growing closely together at the base; a tuft. Also, a bunch of roots growing from one point. a 1794 Sir W. Jones Select Did. Plants Wks. 1807 V. 113 Each blossom, that opens in the fascicle. 1835 Lindley Introd. Bot. (1848) I. 320 Fascicle, a term, .synonymous with compound corymb. 1872 Oliver Elem . Bot. 11. 246 In Larch ..and Cedar..the acicular leaves are numerous, in dense fascicles. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. v. 147 An umbel .. is sometimes called a Fascicle. c. Anat . = Fasciculus 1 c. 1738 Stuart Muscular Motion iii. 44 A fascicle or bundle of., small muscular fibres. 1839 Todd Cycl. Anat. III. 6oo/i The nerve-tubes separate from the primary trunk into smaller fascicles. 1845 Todd & Bowman Phys. Anat. I. 71 The tendons are for the most part implanted by separate fascicles into distinct depressions in the bones. 2 . A part, number, ‘ Jivraison ’ (of a work pub¬ lished by instalments) ; = Fasciculus 2. 1647 Mayne Serm . Find. 19 In the next fascicle, you say ..that I maintain somethings. 1858 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. II. x. ii. 606 Suhm translates; sends it to him., fascicle by fascicle, with commentaries. 1887 Ilomeop. World 1 Nov. 521 The Sixth Fascicle completes this beautiful work. Fascicled (fte'sikl’d), ppl. a. Bot. [f. prec. + -ed.] = Fasciculate a. 1792 Roxburgh Asiatic Res. III. 470 Flowers Papilion- aceous .. fascicled. 1830 Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 247 Leaves, .sometimes fascicled in consequence of the non¬ development of the branch. 1840 Paxton Bot. Diet., Fascicled-whorled, arranged in parcels but forming a whorl, or circle. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. iii. § 1. 31 note, Fascicled Roots are those which form in clusters. 1882 Vines Sachs' Bot. 379 Fascicled branches. Fascicular (fasrki«lai), a. [f. Fascicul-us + -AR.] + 1 . (See quot.) Ohs. 1656-81 Blount Glossogr ., Fascicular , belonging to a bundle or fardel. 1721 1800 in Bailey. IT With allusion to Fasces. 1866 Sala Barbary 28 A fascicular bundle of canes of which a Roman lictor might have been proud. 2 . Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a fascicle, a. Bot. Also, Fascicular tissue, ‘a term which includes all the varieties of cellular tissue of plants which are collected into bundles or fascicles ’ (Syd. Soc. Lex., 1S84). 1840 Paxton Bot. DietFascicular, arranged in bundles or parcels. 1884 Bower & Scott De Bary's Phancr. Ferns 400 Whether the accompanying fibrous strands belong to the ‘ fascicular tissue ’ or to the ‘ ground tissue b. Geol. and JIJin. 1805-17 R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed. 3) 238 Fascicular .. when the fibres diverge only on one side. 1816 P. Cleave- land Min. ii. 54 The fibres may be.. fascicular, like a bundle of rods confined at one extremity. 1879 Rutley Stud. Kochs xii. 237 Confused, fascicular, radiating aggregates. C. Anat. 1845 Todd & Bowman Phys. Anat. I. 70 Fascicular flattened bands, more or less expanded. Hence Fascicularly adv., in a fascicular manner. 17.. Kirwan (cited in Webster); 1847 in Craig. Fasciculate (fasrkizzHt), a. [f. as prec. + -ate-.] Arranged in a fascicle; fascicle-like; growing or occurring in a bunch, bundle, or tuft, a. Bot. b. Zool. c. rath. a. 1794 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxvii. 412 The roots are ..fasciculate. 1861 H. Macmillan Footnotes fr. Nature 46 Its branches are fasciculate and disposed around the stem in spirals. 1872 Oliver Elem. Bot. 1. vii. 80 Leaves tufted in this way are said to be fasciculate [as in Pine]. b. 1846 Dana Zooph. iv. (1848)83 When the branches are laterally in contact, as in the Columnariae .. fasciculate forms result. 1870 Rolleston Anim. Life Introd. 117 A fasciculate rather than an arborescent arrangement. C. 1847-9 Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 119/2 The ‘fasciculate’ variety of cancer. Hence Fasciculately adv. 1840 Paxton Bot. Diet., Fasciculately-tuberous , roots com¬ posed of parcels of tubers. 1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 308 Corallum with unequal lamellae, fasciculately interrupted. t Fasci'culate, v. Obs — 0 [f. L. fascicul-us -p -ate 3 .] trans. ‘To tie up into a bundle or fascicle’ (Blount Glossogr. 1656-81). 1708-32 in Coles. Fasciculated (fasi-kiz/lirted), ppl. a. [f. prec. + -ed 1.] In various scientific uses = Fasciculate. 1777 Hunter in Phil. Trans. LXVII. 611 The fasciculated surfaces in the heart. 1788 tr. Swedenborg's Wisd. Angels v. § 366. 345 The Fibres .. successively collect themselves into Nerves, and when they are fasciculated or become Nerves [etc.], a 1798 Pennant Zool. (1812) IV. xxxiii. 185 Asterias, or sea star, with twelve broad rays, .roughened with fasciculated long papillae on the upper part. 1835-6 Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 140/1 The muscular system consists of reddish and whitish fasciculated fibres. 1853 Th. Ross Humboldt's Trav. III. xxvi. 115 We found some [veins] .. full of small fasciculated crystals of rutile titanite. 1854 S. Thomson Wild FI. 1. (ed. 4) 29 The fasciculated or bundled [root].. we see in the bird’s-nest orchis. Fasciculation (fasi-kiwUi'Jan). [f. Fascicu¬ late v .: see -ation.] a. The state of being fasciculate, b. That which is fasciculated. Fasciculato-, combining form of Fascicu¬ late, occas. prefixed to other adjs. to indicate a fasciculate form or arrangement. 1846 Dana Zooph. (1848'404 Fasciculato-glomerate : tubes of the coralla cylindrical. 1866 Treas. Bot., Fasciculato- ramose, when branches or roots are drawn closely together so as to be almost parallel. Fascicule (f£e*sikiz 7 l). [a. F. fascicule , ad. L. fasciculus', see Fasciculus.] + 1 . (See quot.) Obs. 1699 Evelyn Acetaria (1729) 152 Fascicule , a reasonable full Gripe, a Handful. 2 . = Fascicle 2, Fasciculus 2. 1880 G. Allen in Academy 24 Jan. 58/2 Mr. Spencer will obtain more readers for separate fascicules .. than he is likely to find for his thicker volumes. 1880 Nature XXI. 453 Three large octavo volumes in double column, which will appear by fascicules of 300 to 400 pages. 3 . = Fasciculus i c. 1745 Parsons Muscular Motion i. 22 Many Filaments, or tendinous Fibres, which are parallel to one another in every little Bundle or Fascicule. Fasciculite (fasi'kiz/tait). Min. [f. Fascicule + -ite.] Tufted fibrous hornblende. 1823 Hitchcock in Amer. Jrnl. Sc. VI. 226 So. .striking an instance do these exhibit of the fascicular structure of minerals that I. .have denominated them Fasciculite. 1884 Dana Min. 240 The fasciculite of Hitchcock is merely this tufted hornblende. II Fasciculus (fasi-kirfliis). PI. fasciculi. \f. fasciculus, dim. of fascis : see Fasces.] 1 . = Fascicle i ; chiefly in scientific use. 1816 Kirby & Si'. Entomol. (1843) I. 344 These pale-blue fasciculi Mr. Blackwell found to proceed from two additional spinners. 1823 Scoresby Jrnl. 77 Every spine consisted of a fasciculus of needles. 1836-7 Sir W. Hamilton Metaph. xxxiv. (1859' H. 286 Our cognitions comprehend different fasciculi of notions. 1865 Daily Tel. 28 Oct. 4/6 To see Lord Palmerston. .fumble with a fasciculus of papers. 1874 tr. L ommel's Light 20 A small conical fasciculus [of rays of light] traverses the aperture. b. Bot. — Fascicle i b. 1857 Henfrey Bot. § 135 The fasciculus is a cymose col¬ lection of nearly sessile flowers. 1889 Wagstaffe Mayne 's M ed. Foe., Fasciculus, a handful, as of flowers, leaves, roots. c. Anat. ‘A bundle of fibres, chiefly applied to nerve structures’ (Wagstaffe). 1713Cheseldf.n Anat. Introd.(1726)3 Nerves are Fasciculi of cylindrical fibres. 1797 M. Baillie Morb. Anat. (1807)21 The fasciculi of the muscular fibres. 1881 Mivart Cat 125 Each fasciculus being furnished by a membranous envelope. 2 . = Fascicle 2. 1844 Lingard Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) I. vii. 281 He collected entire psalms .. in eight separate fasciculi. 1872 Ellacombe Ch. Belts Der>on vii. 161 An elegant folio fasci¬ culus descriptive of the bell and shrine. 1880 Athensenm 29 May 699 We have received the first fasciculus of a new monthly periodical in Hebrew. fFascina’de. Obs. rare. [f. Fascine + -ade : cf. stockade , palisade .] (?) A defensive work com¬ posed of fascines. 1736 Lediard Marlborough III. 171 A Bridge of Hurdles and Planks, .by which their Fascinades were join’d. t Fascinage. Obs. rare— 1 , [a. ¥. fascinage t f. fascine-, see Fascine sb.~] = prec. 1715 Loud. Gaz. No. 5347/1 A great part of the Fascinage had been torn away by the Rhine. Fascinate (fhe*simJt). [f. L. fasemdt - ppl. stem of fascindre to enchant, f. fascinum spell, witchcraft. Cf. F . fascinerl\ + 1 . Bans. To affect by witchcraft or magic; to bewitch, enchant, lay under a spell. Obs. 1598 P». Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. iv. ix, I was fascinated, by Jupiter: fascinated: but I will be unwitch’d, and reveng’d, by law. 1621-51 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. iii. ii. 96 Why do witches and old women, fascinate and bewitch children? 1657 Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 108 Such as., promise to fascinate and cure stinking breaths. 2 . f a. To cast a spell over (a person, animal, etc.) by a look ; said esp. of serpents, b. In later use disconnected from the notion of witchcraft: To deprive of the power of escape or resistance, as serpents are said to do through the terror produced by their look or merely by their perceived presence. 1641 J. Jackson True Fvang. T. 1. 17 Man is a. .Basilisk ..fascinating with an envious eye the prosperity of his neighbour. 1845 Todd & Bowman Physiol. Anat. I. xii. 390 The serpent fascinates its prey, apparently by the power of his eyes. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 582 James., remained at Whitehall, fascinated .. by the greatness and nearness of the danger, and unequal to the exertion of either struggling or flying. 1857 H. Reed Led. Eng. Poets II. xii. 124 The pet dove of the castle fascinated in the forest by a serpent. 3 . fig. f a. To enslave (the faculties), the judge¬ ment of (a person) (obs.). b. To attract and retain the attention of (a person) by an irresistible influence, c. Now usually, To attract and ‘ hold spellbound’ by delightful qualities; to charm, enchant. a. 1651 Reliq. Wotton, Disp. BuckJtm. <$• Essex 54 A cer¬ tain innate wisdom and vertue . .with which he. .fascinated all the faculties of his incomparable master. 1789 Bentham Princ. Legist, xviii. § 44 note , Aristotle, fascinated by the prejudice of the times, divides mankind into .. freemen and .. slaves. b- 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, Napoleon Wks. (Bohn) I. 378 He delighted to fascinate Josephine .. in a dim-lighted apartment by the terrors of a fiction. 1862 Burton Bk. Hunter (1863) iii The eye of the Ancient Mariner fascinated the wedding guest. C. 1815 Moore Lalla R. (1824) 30 Illum’d by a wit that would fascinate sages. 1832 Lytton Eugene A. I. v, The gay Ellinor was fascinated into admiration. 1874 Morlf.y Compromise (1886) 23 They so fascinated the imagination.. that [etc.]. absol. 1875 Emerson Lett. $ Soc. Aims, Eloquence Wks. (Bohn) III. 189 This power [eloquence] .. fascinates and astonishes. Fascinated (fse-sin^ted), ppl. a. [f. prec. + -ED k] In senses of the vb. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Fascinated, bewitched. 1768 Sterne Sent. Journ. (1775) I. 56 (Paris) Tilting at it like fascinated knights. 1810 Southey Kehama v. xii, Her fascinated eyes. 1817 — Life (1850) IV. 233 Are they ren¬ dered absolutely helpless by fear, like a fascinated bird ? Fascinating (fm'sin^tiij), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ING-.] That fascinates, in senses of the vb. Now chiefly, Irresistibly attractive, charming. 1648 W. Mountague Devout Ess. 1. xix. § 5. 353 Such temptations and fascinating vanities. 1794 Sullivan Fiew Nat. I. 9 Bewitching and fascinating flowers. 1869 ). Martineau Ess. II. hi M. Cousin’s fascinating lectures on the history of philosophy. Hence Fa scinatingly adv. 1835 Tait's Mag. II. 538 Our enamel smilingly and fascinatingly displayed. 1870 Temple Bar Mag. XXIX. 191 Heroines, .lovely, .and fascinatingly attired. Fascination (foesine'-Jan). [ad. L. fascind- tion-em , n. of action f. fascindre to Fascinate.] 1 . The casting of a spell; sorcery, enchantment; an instance of this, a spell, incantation. Ohs. exc. Ilist. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 11. xi. § 3. 46 Fascination is the power and act of Imagination intensiue vpon other bodies. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 60 We deny that fascination or bewitching is done onely by sight. 1626 Donne Serm. cxxxix. V. 488 When Elijah used that holy Fascination upon Elisha to spread his mantle over him. 1681 Glanvill Sadducismus 1. 1 The odd Phcenomena of Witchcraft and Fascination. 1702 C. Mather Magn. Chr. 1. iv. (1852)66 They began to suspect that the Indian sorcerers had laid the place under some fascination. 1855 Smedley Occult Sciences 204 A belief in Fascination, .appears to have been very generally prevalent in most ages and countries, t b. The state of being under a spell. Obs. 1651 J. F[rf.ake] Agrippa's Occ. Philos. 101 Fascination is a binding, which comes from the spirit of the Witch, through the eyes of him that is bewitched, entering to his heart. 1767 Fawkes Theocritus vi. note. The antients imagined that spitting in their bosoms three times,.would prevent fascination. FASCINATIVE. 83 FASHION 2 . The action anil the faculty of fascinating their prey attributed to serpents, etc. 1796 Morse Amcr. Geog. I. 219 They [Rattle Snakes] are supposed to have the power of fascination in an eminent degree. 1848 Lytton Harold i. i, The fascination of the serpent on the bird held her mute and frozen, b. The state of being so fascinated. 1831 Brewster Hat. Magic iit. (1833) 43 Mrs. A. described herself as at the time sensible of a feeling like what we conceive of fascination. 3 . Fascinating quality ; irresistibly attractive influence; an instance or mode of this. 1697 Evelyn Numisnt. ix. 301 Unaccountable Fascina¬ tion, or other material Quality of Mastering Spirits. 1784 Cowper Task vi. 101 Some to the fascination of a name Surrender judgment hoodwinked, a 1806 K. White My 07 vn Charac. 42 in Kent. (1816) I. 29, I. .can’t withstand you know whose fascination. 1816 J. Scott Vis. Paris (ed. 5) 209 A Frenchwoman.. will ever be felt. to be a creature of fascination. 1843 Prescott Mea ico(1820) 1 .185 The career thus thrown open had all the fascinations of a desperate hazard. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men Wks. (Bohn) 1 .283 Like a master .. drawing all men by fascination into tributaries. i860 Hawthorne Transform. I. xix. 203 That perilous fascination which haunts the brow of precipices. Fascinative (fx-sinc'tiv), a. [f. Fascinated. + -ive.] Disposed or tending to fascinate. 1855 Bailey Mystic 96 Vipers. .That fascinative seek the tender breasts Of wilful maids, and sing their souls to sleep. 1874 M. Collins Transmigr. I. vii. 119, I acknow¬ ledged Lady Diana’s marvellous fascinative force. Fascinator (fx'-sinf'toi). [a. L. fascinator, agent-n. f. fascindre to Fascinate. Cf. F. fas- cinateur .] One who fascinates, a. A magician, b. A charming or attractive person. a. 1750 tr. Leonard us ’ Mirr. Stones 52 Nor does this happen merely from the sight, but from—the soul of the fascinator. 1862 Lytton Sir. Story II. 147 The dread Fascinator from whom it had been taken. b. 1838 Dickens Nick. Nick, xvii, The demdest little fascinator in all the world. 1885 Mabel Collins Prettiest Worn. i, Sacha was considered an irresistible fascinator. Fascinatress (fe-sine>tres). [f. prcc. + -ess. Cf. F .fascinatricei] A fascinating woman. 1878 H. James Daisy Miller 42 ‘She’s an enchantress .. a charmer I said, ‘ a fascinatress ’. Fascine (fsesrn), sb. Also 8 fachine, 9 facine. [a. F. fascine, ad. L. fas cina, i.fascis a bundle.] 1 . Mil. A long cylindrical faggot of brush or other small wood, firmly bound together at short intervals, used in filling up ditches, the construction of batteries, etc. Usually in pi. a 1688 Sir T. Morgan Relat. Progr. France (1699) I 4 The major-general .. ordered the two battalions .. each man to take, up a long fascine upon their musquets and pikes. 1692 Lend. Gas. No. 2807/2 Orders are given to provide a great number of Fascines, in order to storm the Castle of Ebern- burg. 1776 C. Lee in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev . (1853) I* 158 They are employed in making fascines, .for constructing three redoubts. 1801 Wellington in Gurw. Desf. I. 361 They ought to be provided with facines to fill a part of the ditch. 1880 Kinc.lake Crimea VI. ix. 241 Of round-shot, of gabions and fascines. b. transf in various non-military uses, esp . in Civil Engineering. 1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 412 He..made a Sort of floating Island of Fascines, Earth, and other Materials. 1723 Pres. State Russia I. 351 A large Dike or Peer made of Fachines and Earth. 1852 Burnell Rudim. Hydraulic Engineeringu. 94 The lower part of the majority of wooden jetties is..covered either by a mass of concrete, of loose stones, or of fascines. 1866 Lee tr. Keller's Lake Dwell. Switz. 70The upper beds of fascines, .lock into one another at the ends and form one continuous mass. 2 . transf. and Jig. 1844 H. Rogers Ess. (i860) III. 121 This fascine of cita¬ tions .. is in truth nothing to the purpose. 1870 H. Mac¬ millan Bible Teach, iv. 70 The pine is a natural fascine or fortification against the ravages of the elements. 3 . attrib. a. Suitable for fascines, as fascine- stick . b. Consisting or made of fascines, as fascine-battery , - bridge, -platfonn ; fascine dwell¬ ing, a lacustrine habitation supported on fas¬ cines; hence fascine-diucller; fascine-horse (see quot.). 1748 Smollett Rod. Rand, xxxiii. (1804^ 213 A body of sailors who made themselves masters of., the *fascine batteries. 1857 S. Osborn Quedah xii. 150 When clearing away the jungle to construct the fascine battery. 1796 Stedman Surinam I. iv. 82 To throw a *fascine bridge over the marsh. 1882 R. Munro Anc.Scot. Lake-dwellings 12 The civilisation of the * fascine-dwellers. 1866 Lee tr. Keller's Lake Dwell. Switz. 69 The *fascine dwellings seem only to have been adopted in lakes of small depth and extent. 1859 F. A. Griffiths Artil. Man. (ed. 9) 254 A * fascine horse is formed with two pickets, .driven about 1 foot obliquely into the ground, so as to cross each other at right angles 2 feet above the surface of the earth ; and they are fastened together at their point of meeting with cord. 1866 Lee tr. Keller's Lake Dwell. Switz. 72 This gentleman .. noticed .. parts of a *fascine platform. 1870 Daily News 18 Oct., The country .. affording withies for binding and *fascine sticks to any extent. Hence Fasci ne v. trans. to fill up with fas¬ cines. 1870 Daily News 29 Nov., The pioneers had .. fascined the track. Fascinery (feesrnori). [f. Fascine sb. + -ery.] (See quot.) 1856 Brees Terms Archil, etc., Fascinery, a description of cradling or hurdle-work, employed to retain earth. 1 - Fa scilious, a. Obs. rare. [f. I,, fisc in-urn I witchcraft +-ous.] ‘Caused or acting by witch¬ craft or enchantment ’ (J.). 1666 G. Harvey Moth. Atigl. xix. (1672) 38, I shall not here undertake the task of discussing the possibility of fas- cinous Diseases. + Fase. Obs. [ad. L. (Vulg.) phase, a. Ileb. nDD pc sail passover.] The passover. 1388 Wyclif Ex. xii. 21 Take a beeste by 3oure ineynees and ofire }e fase [1382 paske]. Ibid. 43 This is the religioun of fase [1382 pfiask]. Fase, obs. form of foes , pi. of Foe. t Fasel, sb. Obs . -0 . In 5 fasylle. [f. next.] A ravelling, a shred. 1440 Promp. Parv. 150/2 Fasylle of a clothe (or other lyke, P. \fractillus. t Fa’sel, v. Obs. rare. Also 6 fasyll, 7 fazle. [Cf. Ger. faselen , Du. vczclcn , cogn. with OK. f vs Fas.] intr. To ravel. Also, to fasel out. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 150/2 Facelyn as clothys (faselyn P.), villo. 1530 Palsgr. 546/1 My sleeve is fasyll ed. 1643 T. Goodwin Child of Light 58 Which hath fazled and entangled this controversy. + Fasels, sb. pi. Obs. Forms: 6 faselles, facilles, 7 phaselles, faceles, fasells, fesels, 7- fasels. [ad. L. fascoli } pi. of faseolus in same sense. Cf. OF. fasclcsi] a. Chick pease: see Chick-pea. b. Kidney-beans : see Bean 3. 1 558-68 Warde tr. Alexis Seer. 71a, A kind of litle graiue called in Latine fiscali , in Englishe facilles and cyche peason. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 86 a, Phasiolus may be called in Englishe faselles untill we can fynd a better naipe for it. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 496 The Pulse named Dolychos, which is Fasels or Kidney beanes. 1616 Surfl. & Markh. Country Larme 147 Fasels or long Pease. 1628 May Virgil's Georg. 1. 247 Disdain not Fesels, or poorVech to sow. 1693 Urquhart Rabelais in. viii. 68 Pease, Beans, Fasels [etc.]. Fash (fej - ), sby Sc. and north. dial. [f. Fash zO] Trouble, vexation; bother, inconvenience; also, something that gives trouble. To take {the) fash : to take (the) trouble, to be at the pains. 1794 Burns Addr. lo Toothache iv, Of a’ .. The tricks o’ knaves, or fash o’ fools, Thou bear’st the gree. 1808 Eliz. Hamilton Cottagers of Glenburuie(z<\. 2) 150 We have never ta’en the fash to put it by. 1816 Scott Old Mori, iv, ‘ Clergy and captains can gie an unco deal o’ fash in thae times.’ 1832 -53 / Vhistle-binkie (Sc. Songs) Ser. in. 111 Weel kennin’ it [cash] only wad breed me mair fash. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss., Fash, trouble, inconvenience. 1861 Ramsay Remin. Ser. 11. 175 When there’s ony fash or trouble, The deevil a thing you'll do at a’. 1868 G. Mac¬ donald R. Falconer II. 252, ‘I didna think ye wad hae ta’en sae muckle fash.' Fash (faj', sb.* dial. [?var. of Fas, OE. fees.] A fringe; anything resembling a fringe. It is doubtful whether the first quot. belongs here: the word might be a. OF .faisse: —L. fascia band. 1558 Richmond. Wills (Surtees) XXVI. 128 A fashe of silke and sewed withe gold. 1847-78 in Halliwell. 1877 Holderness Gloss., Lash, the long hair of a horse’s legs. b. dial. The tops of carrots, turnips or mangolds. £175° J. Collier (Tim Bobbin) Lane. Dialect Gloss., Fash, the tops of turnips, etc. 1847 in Halliwell. c. A rough edge or ridge left on nails, cast bullets, etc. 1831 J. Holland Mannf. Metal I. 215 The perfection of cut nails, consists principally in the shank being, .free from fash. ibid. 335 The teeth [of the saw] are severally filed to a sharp point, and the wiry edges, or fash .. completely removed. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk ., Fash , the mark left by the moulds upon cast bullets. 1888 Sheffield Gloss., Fash, a burr or roughness on anything. Hence Pash a., hairy. 1877 Holderness Gloss ., ‘ His legs is varry fash.’ Fash (feej), Chiefly Sc. and north, dial. Also 6-7 fasch(e, fashe (?6 fach). [a. OFr. fascher (F r. fie her) 1 . trans. To afflict, annoy, trouble, vex. Also, to give trouble to, bother, weary. Also ref. and To fash ones beard , head, thumb : to take trouble. 1533 Bellenden Livy v. (1822) 393 The Veanis war sa faschit be continuall ambiciounand desire ofhonouris. 1556 J. Heywood Spider Sp F. Ivii. 128 Behold .. How thordin- ance lieth flies fer and ner to fach.. how euerie peece .. Hath a spider gonner with redy fired mach. 1637 Rutherford Lett. cxlv. (1862)1. 342 Fash Christ (if I may speak so) and importune Him. 1723 IVodrow Corr. (1843) III. 45 Be not fashed if you miss a letter. 1725 Ramsay Gent. Sheph. in. ii, • Howe’er I get them, never fash your beard. 1823 Galt Entail III. ii. 21 Ne’er fash your head wi’ your father’s dodrums. 1824 Scott Redgauntlet Let. xi, ‘Never fash yoursel’ wi’ me.. but look to yoursel’. ’ 1861 Ramsay Remin. Ser. 11. 125 What gars your horse’s tail wag that way? it’s fashed wi a wakeness. 1871 C. Gibbon Lack of Gold ii, He .. never fashed his thumb about his debt. 1874 Helps Soc. Press, iv. (1875) 60 People fash themselves about, .dim and distant dangers. 1876 Whitby Gloss, s. v., ‘ Deeant fash your beard anent it.’ 2 . intr. for ref. To weary, be annoyed ; to bother or trouble oneself; to take trouble. Const, of. 1585 James I. Ess. Pocsie (Arb.) 74 Then woundred I .. how they did them selfis so farr begyle, To fashe of tyme. 1597 Montgomerie Cherrie $ Slae 597 Of our fellowschip 3011 fasche. Ibid. 1435 For feir folk maun not fash. 1721 J. Kelly Collect. Scot. Proverbs 390 You soon fash of a good office, a 1810 Tannahill Poems (1846) 70 Wha. .wad fash to scribble, Expecting scorn for a’ his trouble? 1821 Galt Ann. Parish Dalmailing 229 The dinner was a little longer of being on the table than usual, at which he began to fash. 1886 Stevenson Kidnapped xviii. 178 ‘ They didnae slop to fash with me ! ’ Hence Pashed, ppl.. a. Troubled, worried. 1597 Montgomerie Cherric Sp Slae 296 The mair I wrestlit with the wynd, T he faschter still myself I fynd. Fash (fay), v.- dial. [f. Fash sb *] To cut off the tops (of turnips, etc.j. 1882 Lane. Gloss., Fash, to pare, to cut ofT. 1884 Chcsh. Gloss., Fashing turnips is generally done by piecework. Fasheu. Sc. Also feshen, foshen. [pa. pplc. of Fetch v.] 1768 Ross Ifelcnore iii. 123 Just as their ain, she’s fashen up, an' ta’en For Dick’s ae dather, now by ilka ane. Fash ery (farjeri). Sc. and north. Also 6 fascherie, -ery,(faschrie, fashrie), 7-9fa.sh.erie. [ad. OF .fascherie (Fr.fichcric), i. fascher (fdcher) to Fash.] Annoyance, trouble, vexation, worry; also something that causes worry, rare in pi. 1553 Q. Kennedy Compend. Tractive, We geve nocht occa- sioun of fascherie to the Redare. 16.. in Poet. Misc. (1845) 33 My muse began to tire, Through daily faschery of my owne affaires, a 1605 Montgomerie AYww. v.3 With frostis of fashrie frozen is that heet. 1621 Mollf. Camcrar. Liv. Libr. in. vi. 167 Fence the mind from the fasheries and troubles that molest it. 1725 JlPdrowCorr. (1843) Hi- J 73 Nobody gives you so much fashery. 1820 Scott Monast. iv, You kirk- folk make sic a fasherie. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Fashery, all kinds of ‘botheration’. 1882 Stevenson Men <$• Bks. 389 Not without some cross and fashery of mind and body. Fashion (fse’Jan ),sb. Forms: 4 facioun, -un(e, 4- 5 fasoun(4-zoun), 4-6 Ac. fassoun, (-s)sowne), 5- 6 faeion(e, -cyon, -oun, (-ssion, -oun, -s)syon(e, 5 faseeon, -schyoun, 6 facon, -son, -sson(e, fastyon, fachion, -scyon, -shin, -sshon, -s)shyon, -szshion, fayssyon), 6- fashion. [a. OF. fa$on, fazon, ONF. fachon (inod.Fr. facoii) = Pr. faisso, It. fazione (the Sp. faccion is of learned origin)L .factidn-em, n. of action i.facere to make : see Faction sb.] + 1 . The action or process of making. Hence, the ‘ making ’ or workmanship as an element in the value of plate or jewellery. Obs. 1463 Mann. Sp Housch. Exp. T54 Ffor the fasyon of the same schene, v. marc. 1575-6 Act 18 Eliz. c. 15 This they [Goldsmythes] take not above the rate of xij d. for the ounce of Golde (besides the fashion). 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. iv. i. 29 The. .chargefull fashion .. doth amount to three odde Duckets more. 1594 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 11. 393 Of the fashion of a childe in the wombe, and how the members are framed. 1664 Pepys Diary (1879) III. 62 They judge the fashion to be worth above 55-. per oz. more. 1761-2 Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) III. App. iii. 630, 14or 15 thousand pounds weight [of silver plate], which, besides the fashion, would be [etc.]. 2 . Make, build, shape. Hence, in wider sense, visible characteristics, appearance. Said both of material and of immaterial things, arch. + Out of fashion : out of shape. Some of the earlier instances may belong to 2 c. a 1300 Cursor M. 22322 (Cott.) Fair in faciun for to sei. 1:1320 Sir Bcues 2155 Me wolde J?enke be his fasoun, pat hit were Beues of Hamtoun. £1350 Will. Palernc 402 A dere damisele. .of alle fasoun ]?e fairest, ia. . Tundale's Vis. 2062 A crowne Off gold that was of semyly faschyown. 1440 Promp. Parv. 150/2 Fassyone, or factyone, forme of makynge, forma, formcfactura , formefactio, c 1511 1st Eng. Bk. Amer. (Arb.) Introd. 35/1 There be dyuers people of fason in our lande..there be people that haue the body of a man and the hede lyke a.dogge. 1526 Tindale Luke xii. 56 Ye can skyll of the fassion of the erth, and of the skye. 1551 Robinson tr. More's Utop. 1. (Arb.) 31 Vnder the line equinoctiall. .all thynges bee. .out of fas- syon, and comelinesse. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 85 a, Phalaris. .hath a sede. .whyte in fasshon. 1581 Mui.caster Positions xxx. (1887) iii If the infirmitie in fashion be casuall .. exercise .. will make that streight, which was croked. 1611 Bible Luke ix. 29 The fashion of his coun¬ tenance was altered. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 20 He inquireth into the nature and fashion of euery Bone, a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1840) II. 261 This county, in fashion, is like a bended bow. 1784 Cowper Task 1. 21 A massy slab, in fashion square or round. 1793 Burke Rem. Policy Allies Wks. 1842 I. 591 The fashion of some constitution which suited with their fancies. 1865 Swinburne Poems Sf Ball., Before Parting 21, I know..The fashion of fair temples tremulous With tender blood. 1877 L. Morris Epic Hades 11. 221, I knew not The fashion of his nature. + b. Spoken of as an attribute, that may be im¬ parted and possessed ; form as opposed to matter. 1576 Lambarde Pcramb. Kent{1826) p. v, The craftesman that bringeth it to fashion. 1577 B. Googe Heresbacli's Husb. iv. (1586) 185b, The..common sort [of bees] when they begin to have fashion, are called N implies. 1594 J'. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 11. 394 The. seede .. receiueth not fashion presently vpon the conception, but remaineth for a time without any figure. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 897 When wee have matter, wee can give fashion : thou gavest a being to the matter, without forme. t C. Face, features. Obs. [A very common use in OF. ; perh. associated with face.) c 1300 Cursor M. 21319 (Cott.) Matheu o man be has facium, Luce has of ox. ci 430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode in. xxxviii. (1869) 155 She shadwde hire visage and hire facioun vnder hire hood. 3 . A particular make, shape, style, or pattern. Somewhat arch. c 1325 Song Merci 41 in E. E. P. (1862) 119, I made )>e Mon. .Of feture liche myn owne fasoun. a 1450 Le Morte Arth. 2531 Galeis grete of fele fasowne. 1522 Bury Wills (Camden) 116 A quarte wyne pott of the olde fasshon. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 299 Two standing cuppes of silver, 11 - 2 FASHION. 84 FASHION. differing from the fashion of this time. 1611 Bible Transl. Frcf. 9 The very Romane Seruice was of two fashions, the New fashion, and the Old. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 1. 62 Besides, our fashions of Utensils differ mightily from theirs. 1714 J. Fortescue-Aland Pref. Fortescue's Ads. age hot Physics $ Pol. (1876) 216 Communities which are fashioned after the structure of the elder world, b. With complement or complementary obj. 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI, in. iii. 65 When Talbot hath ..fashion’d thee that Instrument of Ill. 1605 — Lean. ii. 200 All with me’s meete, that I can fashion fit. + 4 . To change the fashion of; to modify, trans¬ form. With compl. like, or const, to. Obs. 1528 Tindale Obed. Chr. Man 97 b, When a man fealeth . .him selfe. .altered and fascioned lyke vnto Christe. 1547 Homilies 1. Falling front God 1. (1859) 84 Be fashioned to him in all goodness requisite to the children of God. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 382 Fashion yourselfe to sober- nesse. a 1592 H. Smith Serm. ( 1866)312 Fashion thyself to Paul. 1601 Shaks. Jut. C. 11. i. 220 Send him but hither, and lie fashion him. 1611 Bible Phil. iii. 21 Who shall change our vile bodie, that it may bee fashioned like vnto his glorious body. 1753 Foote Eng. in Paris Epil. Wks. 1799 I. 31 His roughness she’ll soften, his figure she’ll fashion. + b. To counterfeit, pervert. Obs. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado 1. iii. 31 It better fits my bloud to be disdain’d of all, then to fashion a carriage to rob loue from any. 1599 — Hen. V, 1. ii. 14 God forbid. .That you should fashion, wrest, or bow your reading. 5 . To give (a person or thing) a fashion or form suitable to or to do (something); to accommodate, adapt to. Also rejl. and intr. for rejl. Now rare. 1526 Tindale i Cor. ix. 22 In all thynge I fasshioned my silfe to all men. 1591 Shaks. Two Gent. iii. i. 135 How shall I fashion me to weare a cloake ? 1599 — Much Ado v. iv. 88 A halting sonnet .. Fashioned to Beatrice. 1608 D. T. Ess. Pol. <$• Mor. 88 b, There are some that fashion themselves to nothing more, then how to become speculative into another. 1612 Brerewood Lang. $ Rclig. vi. 50 It was spoken corruptly, according as the peoples tongues would fashion to it. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII, iv. ii. 50 This Cardinall .. fashion’d to much Honor From his Cradle. 1623 Massinger Dk. Milan 11. i, Lies .. fashion’d to so damnable a purpose. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. <$- Comimv. 529 We fashion our selves to extoll the ages past. 1770 Goldsm. Des. Vill. 146 Doctrines fashioned to the varying hour. 1871 Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (1879) II. i. 3 These priests fashioned that which they did not understand to their respective wants and wishes. + b. To present the form of; to represent. Obs. 1590-6 Spenser ( title ), The Faerie Queene, Disposed into twelve books fashioning XII Morall vertues. C. intr. To bring oneself, ‘have the face’ (to do something), dial. (Cf. quot. 1591 in 5.) 1847 E. Bronte Wuthering Heights (1858)11 Aw wonder how yah can faishion to stand theear i’ idleness. Ibid. 29 She did fly up, asking how he could fashion to bring that gipsy brat into the house. 1883 Almondbury # Hudders/. Gloss., ‘Why don’t you go and ask him for it?’ ‘I cannot fashion ’. 6. Naut. (See quot.) Obs. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789) C ivb, The knees .. fashion the transoms to the ship’s side. ! Ibid, supra : The knees which connect the beams to the sides.] Fashion, var. of Faucin Obs., farcy. Fashionability (fcjonabi’liti). [f. next: see -bility, -ITT.] = Fashionableness. 1839 G. Darley Introd. Beaum. FI. IV/cs. I. 30 Fashionability is a kind of elevated vulgarity. 1881 Black Beautiful Wretch I. 28 There was far too much flimsiness and fashionability about their social circle. Fashionable (fseJbnabT), a. and sb. (f. Fashion v. and sb. + -able.] A. adj. + 1 . Capable of being fashioned, shaped, or moulded. Const, to, unto. Of a damaged article : Capable of being brought into shape. Obs. 1607 Hieron Wks. I. 238 Hee that..can endure the hewing, and groweth more and more fashionable vnto good things. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xvi. (1632) 835 Nine yeares olde, a most fashionable and waxen age for all im¬ pression. 1614 Jackson Creed iii. viii. Wks. II. 256 Peter's . .power by them [keys] .. to exclude all that were not fashionable to this rock and corner stone. 1623 Rowland¬ son God's Bless. 27 Could the iron be pliable and fashion¬ able to the minde of the smith. 1656 in Picton L'Pool Munic. Rec. (1883' I. 152 Some cups are broken and not fashionable. + b. Conformable to. Obs. 1657 R. Carpenter Astrology 15 It is most fashionable to Reason, That Job, by Musick. .understands [etc.]. f 2 . Pertaining to outward form or ceremony ; merely formal. Obs. (Cf. Fashion sb. 7.) 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 612 A fashionable observa¬ tion of the outwarde Letter. 1633 — Hard Texts no His fashionable disciples .. went away from him. a 1656 — Soliloquies 73 Not that we should, .fall suddenly into a fashionable devotion. 1616 S. Ward Coale from Altar (1627)47 No maruell if his seruice be formalland fashionable. Ibid. 82 To confess the truth of the fashionable Christian. f 3 . Of a good fashion or appearance; good- looking, stylish. Also, fashionable- like. Obs. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. <$* Comtnw. 135 We have fashionable attendance. 1663 Gerbier Counsel Diija, Some of them Bear-like-whelps (by licking and smoothing) have gotten some fashionable like shape. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. 244 A Cap. .made of a Hare-skin, very convenient and fashionable enough. 1720 Loud. Gaz. No. 5865/4 A light dapple grey Nag. .fashionable and full aged. 4 . a. Of persons : Observant of or following the fashion ; dressing or behaving in conformity with the standard of elegance current in upper-class society. 1606 Shaks. Tr. . Ps. cxxxix. 14 God is the. .fashioner of us all. 1809 Mrs. J. West The Mother (1810) 224 Fancy, fashioner of ills Most horrible. 1820 Scott Monast. xxxvii, A fashioner of doublets. 1864 Sir F. Palgrave^ Norm. Eng. III. 27 A new era of which he was. .the fashioner. FASHIONING. 86 FAST. b. One who makes articles of dress ; a tailor costumier, modiste. Obs. or arch. [Cf. F. fafonnier, ‘ ouvrier qui tiavaille aux ouvrages fajonnes * (Littre).] 1625 B. Jonson Staple of N. v. i, Where is my Fashioner.. Linener, Perfumer, Barber? 1706 Phillips ted. Kersey), Fashioner, as the Queen's Fashioner, or Taylor. 1771 Smollett Humph. Cl. (1815I 254 Mr. Coshgrave, the fashioner in Shuffolk Street. 1826 Scott Mol. Malagr. i. 52 Those humble fashioners.. went to work by measuring the person of their customer. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, Fashioner .. a tailor. 1859 K- F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Jrnl. Geog. Soc. XXIX. 323 Fashion and its fashioners. Fashioning (fe’Jonig), vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ing 1 .] 1 . The action of the vb. Fashion ; an instance of this. 1580 Baret Alv. F 161 A fashioning of a thing, -forma- tura. 1594 T. B. La Frimaud. Fr. Acad. 11. 399 The con¬ ception and fashioning of man. a 1600 Hooker Eccl. Pol. (1617) 673 Earnest exhortations .. for my better fashioning unto good correspondence and agreement, a 1628 Preston New Covt. (1634) 337 It is the inward fashioning of every man’s apprehension that makes him happy, a 1635 Naunton Ftagm. Reg. (Arb.) 35 Art and Nature had spent their excellencies in his fashioning. 1861 W. F. Collier Hist. Fug. Lit. 141 The occasional dressing of leather and fashioning of gloves. 1884 LittelVs Living Age CLXI. 67 A mind that ruled the fingers' fashionings. attrib. 1847 Emerson Poems , Monadnoe Wks. (Bohn) I. 435 Wax their fashioning skill betrays. b. spec. (See quot.) Also attrib as fashioning - needle, -point. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech ., Fas hi on ing-needle, one of the needles in a knitting-machine which lift loops from some of the bearded needles and transfer them to others, in order to widen or narrow the work. 1892 Labour Commission Gloss., Fashioning , the process of shaping the stocking-leg and foot, also the shirt-sleeve and pant-leg, and back. This is done by hand by means of small points with which some of the loops are removed to narrow the stocking or pant at the ankle..In the steam-work these fashioning points are forced through the material by pressure. 2 . Style in which a thing is fashioned. Also concr. 1870 F. R. Wilson Ch. Lindisf. 81 Stones of Norman fashioning. 1885 S. O. Jewett IT arch Island xiv, A fair young girl of., flower-like fashioning. 1887 Halt. Caine Deemster y. 1 . 261 Beehives of a rude fashioning. 1890 S. J. Duncan Social Departure 412 Rich fashionings in wood and precious metals. f 3 . The action or habit of following fashions (of dress). Obs. rare— 1 . 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 173 As much Pride might be in affected Gravity, as in changeable fashioning. Fashioning (farjanig),///. a. [f. as prec.+ -ing 2 .] That fashions. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk <5- Selv. 111 A fashioning or plastick spring of lifesomness. Fashionist (fe’janist). [f. as prec. + -1ST.] 1 . A follower of the fashions; one who conforms to the prevailing style of dress ; a fashion-monger. 1616 Chapman Homed s Hymns Epil., For ostentation humble truth still flies. And all confederate fashionists defies. 1750 E. Smith Compleat Housewife Pref., The Israelites grew Fashionists, and would have a King. 1850 Lyell ind Visit U. S. II. 15 ‘There go two of our fashionists'j pointing to two gaily-dressed ladies, in the latest Parisian costume. 2 . One who prescribes or sets the fashions. rare— 1 . 1815 Milman Fazio (1821) 27 Signior Dandalo, the court fashionist. Fashionize (farjanaiz), v. rare— 1 , [f. as prec. + -IZE.] trans. To make (a garment) fashion¬ able ; to alter (clothes) according to the fashion. 1824 Blackw. Mag. XV. 450 His taste compelled him to send this suit to his tailor every month to be fashionized. Fashionless (fre-Jbnles), a. [f. Fashion sb. + -less.] Without fashion or shape. 1581 Mulcaster Positions vi. (1887) 43 Misshapen and fashionles. 1589 Fleming Virg. Georg, in. 48 Fashionlesse, illfauoured, vnhandsome lies the land With heaps of snow. 1833 Whittier Proselytes Prose Wks. 1888 I. 309 We grapple with the fashionless air. i860 Ld. Lytton Lucile 11. vi, The fashionless cloud of far time. + Fa'Shionly, a. Obs. rare— 1 , [f. as prec. + -ly '.] ? Subject to the sway of fashion. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage vm. ix.(1614) 784 Thou., mightest see as Monster-like fashions at home, and more fashionly monster of thy selfe. Fashion-monger, [f. Fashion .rA + Monger.] One who studies and follows the fashion or fashions. *599 Marston Sco. Villanie 166 Each guaint fashion- monger, whose sole repute Rests in his trim gay clothes. 1624 Hf.ywood Gitnaik. vi. 298 Wild fashion-mongers, and fantasticke gallants. 1782 European Mag. I. 247 A knot of fashion-mongers assembled in the drawing room of a French dancer. 1826 Miss Mitford Village Ser. 11. (1863) 425 A thrifty fashion-monger. Hence + Fashion-monging ppl. a. *599 Shaks. Much Ado v. i. 94 Fashion-monging boyes. Fashions (fe’Jas), a. Sc. and north, dial. Forms: 6 fa(s)cheous, (7 faehius), 6-7 faschious, (8 fachious), 9 fash(e)ous, 7- fashious. [ad. OF .fascheux (Fr .fdcheux), f. fascher (f&cher) to Fash.] Causing or giving anxiety or trouble; tiresome, vexatious, rarely of a person. 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. p. xlv, It were bot ane faschious and vane laboure. 1599 Jas. I HcunA. Stupor (1603) 125 To free mens heads, .from the fashious thoughts on their affaires, a 1662 R. Baillie Lett. [>utenn mete & drinnch Heold Crist hiss fasste }?aere. a 1300 Cursor M. 6523 (Cott.) But sum o |?aim J>is fast forsoke, And kai pis riche manna toke. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) xii. 134 The seke men be not con- streyned to hat fast. 1546 Langley Pol. Verg. Dc Invent. vi. iii. 116 a, He kepeth not the true fast whyche forbeareth flesh ; or forgoeth his supper. 1557 N. T. (Genev.) Acts xxvii. 9 Because also the tyme of the Fast was now passed. *633 Ford ’Tis Pity 1. iii, I have .. even starv’d My veins with daily fasts. 1700 S. L. tr. C. Fryke's Voy. E. Did. 350 We kept a Fast in our Ship, to beg God’s assistance. 1851 Ht. Martineau Hist. Peace (1877) III. iv. xiv. 133 The day appointed for a general fast. 1857 Buckle Civiliz. I. viii. 515 The reformed clergy, .appointed a public fast. fig. a 1300 Cursor M. 29031 (Cott.) pe thrid es better pan he twa wit gastli fast all giltes for-ga. 1545 Brinklow Compl. 57 The Scripture teacheth what true fast is. .that is to say ; To lett them out of bondage which be in danger .. to deale thy bread to the hungry, &c. [See Isa. lviii. 6.] b. in general. To break {one s') fast : see Break v . 9 c - c 1440 Promp, Pam'. 151/1 Faste of a.bstynence,jejunium. 1669 Dryden Tyran. Love 11. i, She’s .. refus’d to cast One glance to feed me for so long a fast. 1671 Milton P. R. 11. 247 That fast To virtue I impute not. 1843 Hood Song of Shirt v, I hardly fear his terrible shape .. It seems so like my own, Because of the fasts I keep. + c. The action of fasting; abstinence from food. Also personified. Obs. rare. [<21300, 1545: see 1 fig.] 1603 Shaks. Mens, for M. i. ii. 130 Surfet is the father of much fast. 1632 Milton Reuse - roso 46 Spare Fast, that oft with gods doth diet. 1795 Montford Castle I. 13 Ate with a voracity obviously the result of pining fast. 2 . A day or season appointed for fasting. a 1300 Cursor M. 6570 (Cott.) Qua held he fast mang oher men? 1565 Calfhill Ans?u. Treat. Crosse v. 125b, That whiche bred in the Church a miserable schisme. .the Easter fast. 1611 Bible Jonah iii. 5 The people of Nineueh .. proclaimed a fast. 1732 Law Serious C. i. (ed. 2) 13 All the Feasts and Fasts of the Church. 1847 S. Austin Ranke’s Hist. Ref. III. 75 In March 1552, the people of Zurich broke the fast and ate eggs and meat. 1852 Hawthorne Btithe- dale Rom. xvi. (1883)477 Except on. .the Fourth of July, the autumnal cattle-show, Thanksgiving, or the annual Fast. 3 . attrib. and Comb ., as fast-book , - sermon ; t fast-lost a., lost through a fast; fast-mass, Shrovetide ; + fast-spittle = fasting-spittle ; fast- week, Sc. the week preceding the celebration of the Sacrament, and including the fast-day. Also Fast-day, Fast-gong. 1607 Shaks. Timon 11. ii. 180 Feast won, fast lost. 1637 Laud Sp. Star-Chamb. 14 June 20 The Prayer for season¬ able weather was purged out of this last Fast-booke. 1681 Chetham A nglers Vade-m. (1689) 52 The stinging of Hornets is cured by.. applying outwardly Cow-dung and Fast-spittle. 1681 Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 514 Mr. Birch., preached the fast sermon at St. Marie’s. 1866 Chambers' Eucycl. s.v. Shrovetide, These days were sometimes called . .Fast-mass. 1891 J. M. Barrie Little Minister ( 1892) iii. 21 A garret in which the minister could sleep if he had guests, as during the Fast week. Fast (fast), sb.% A r aut. Also5fest. [ME .fest, a. ON. fest-r, f. fiesta to fasten, f. fasl-r Fast a. In mod.Eng. assimilated to the adj.] A rope, etc. by which a ship or boat is fastened to a wharf, t 1440 Promp. Pam'. 158/1 Fest or teyynge of a schyppe, or bootys, scalamus. 1678 Littleton Lat. Diet., Fast., rope to fasten a boat or ship, prymnesium. 1763 S. T. Janssen Smuggling laid open 222 The Captain, .employed .. His Majesty’s Officer .. to cast off his Fasts, fastened on Shore. 1840 R. H. Dana Bcf Mast xxix. 104 The topsails were at the mast-head, the fast just ready to be cast off. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. iii. 35 We succeeded in changing our fasts to another berg. 1863 in Robson Bards of Tyne 246 While their keel’s at the fest. + 2 . = Anchor-hold. Obs. 1638 T. Jackson Creed ix. xv. Wks. 1673 II. 984 The cable [may be] very strong, when the fest or Anchor-hold is slippery. Ibid. ix. xix. II. 998. Fast (fast), sb .3 [The adj. used absol. or ellipt.’] Something that is fast or fixed ; spec, (see quots.). 1836 Polwhele Corn.-Eng. Voc. 76 East. The fast is the understratum supposed never to have been moved or broken up since the creation. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. x. (1856) 73 Forming an icy margin or beach known technically as the ‘land ice’, or ‘ the fast ’. 1883 Greslky Coal-Mining Gloss., East, the first hard bed of rock met with after sinking through running sand or quick ground. t Fast, sbfi Obs. [ad. Fr. faste, ad. L.faslus.] Arrogance, pompousness 1673 Phil. Trans. VIII. 6027 He examines, .the Fast and Gravity of the Spanish language. 1762-71 H. Walpole Vertuc's A need. Paint, i. Wks. 1798 III. 27 Perhaps the generous sentiment implied in his motto .. contained more true glory than all the Fast couched under Louis’s [XIV] emblem of the sun. Fast (fast), a. Forms: 1-2 feest, 2 fest, 3 Orm. fasst, 4 south, dial, vest, 4-6 faste, 3- fast. [Com. Teut. : OE .feest corresponds to OFris.y^j/, OS. fast (Du. vast), OHG. festi (MHG. veste, mod.HG. fest), ON . fastr; prob. repr. OTeut. *fastu- (the word having, like other adj. u stems, passed into the 0 and i declensions), cogn. with Goth .fastan to keep, guard, observe.] I. f irm. 1 . Firmly fixed in its place ; not easily moved or shaken; settled, stable. Obs. or arch. exc. as said predicatively of something fixed as in a socket {e.g. a nail, a post), where the sense approaches 4. c 888 K. jElfred Bocth. xii, Se he wille fast hus timbrian ne sceall he hit no settan upon hone hehstan cnol. c 1000 Sax. Lecchd. III. 268 Ealle mast hi [steorran] synd faste on ]»am firmamentum. c 1374 Chaucer Anel. <5* Arc. 313 Als fast As in a tempest is a roten mast, c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 321 It is necessarie hat pe patient ligge also stille as he mai wipouten remevyng til h e boon be fast. 1535 Coverdale i Chron. xvii. [xvi.] 30 He hath made the com- pase of the world so fast, that it can not be moued. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 179 If you lay not such a fast foundation. 1656 Ridgley Pract. Physick 291 Pain of the Colick is moveable; of the stone, fast. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk <3- Selv. 74 A great heap of fast and loose bodies hudled lip together. 1765 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. v. (ed. 2)159 1° lands.. where the fast stones have been care¬ fully digged out. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 264 It was ready to drop out. Some.. expressed a wish that the harpoon were better fast. 1858 J. Martineau Stud. Chr. 36 Structures hollowed in the fast mountain. 1871 Morley Voltaire iv. (1886) 161 Something .. which sets a fast gulf between them and those who are .. irredeemably saturated with corruption. b. In immaterial sense ; esp. Of a person, his attributes, feelings, etc.: Not easily turned aside, constant, firm, steadfast. Now only in fast foe (arch .) y fast friend', in the latter the adj. is com¬ monly apprehended in sense 4. c 900 Baida's Hist. iv. iii. § 4 ponne eode he to cirican .. & on sealmsonge fasste moode awunade. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 119 pe holi gost. .alihtehem ofbrihtere and of festere bileue pe hie hedden er. £1340 Hampole Psalter i. 1 He is man p l is fast & stabile ageyns ese. 1340 Ayenb. 116 Vayre zuete uader make oure herten ueste an stedeuest. a 1400-50 Alexander 4616 We pat fourmed is & fast. 1485 Caxton Paris V. 69 He had alle waye faste byleue in our Lord. 1508 Fisher Wks. (1876) 271 A fast hope and confydence that he had in prayer. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. II. 778 Catesby .. founde him [Hastings] so fast .. that [etc.]. 1607 Shaks. Cor. 11. iii. 192 If he should still malignantly remaine Fast Foe to th’ Plebij. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xix. § 23. 716 He had beene fast vpon the part of King Henry, while that part was in wealth. 1697 Dampier Voy. (1698)1. 158 The Indian neighbourhood., were our fast friends, and ready to receive and assist us. 1793 Burke Cond. Minority Wks. 1842 I. 621 England must be the fast friend, or the determined enemy, of France. 1833 Ht. Martineau Loom <5- Lugger 11. v. 91 We shall, .be fast friends. 1878 Browning La Saisiaz 68 There’s the nice distinction ’twixt fast foes and faulty friends. + c. Pleonastically. Fast and sure : well as¬ sured, certain. Obs. 1522 Skelton Sp. Parrot 504, I make the faste and sure. c 1550 Bale K. Johan (Camden) 20, I wyll not breke yt, ye may be fast and suer. d. + Of sleep: Deep, sound, unbroken. Of persons: = Fast asleep. Obs. exc. dial. 1592 Shaks. Rom. <5- Jut. iv. v. 1 Fast I warrant her. 1605 — Macb. v. i. 9 All this while in a most fast sleepe. 1743 Fielding Journey 1. i, She was in a fast sleep. 1762 Foote Orators 11. Wks. 1799 I. 211 Smoke the justice, he FAST. 87 FAST. is as fast as a church. 1861 H. Kingsley Ravcnshoc xli, • They waked we sharp enough ; but as for she ! she's fast.’ e. Fast aground , ashore : (of a vessel) fixed on the ground, the shore. Fast asleep: fixed in sleep, sound asleep, in a deep sleep. In these phrases fast seems to have been originally the grammatical predicate; now it is usually apprehended as an adv. qualifying aground, ashore, asleep. *555 l* Haukes in Foxe A. <$• M. (1631) III. xi. 260 The old Bishop .. was fast asleepe. c 1620 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 12, I see a man .. Hard fast asleepe. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World ( 1840) 331 Running fast aground. 1751 Smollett Per. Pic. ii, We were fast ashore before you knew anything of the matter. 1771 — Humph. Cl. (1846) 329 In half an hour I was fast asleep in bed. 1837 Dickens Pickiu. viii, The fat boy, for once, had not been fast asleep. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bkFast aground, immoveable or high and dry. f. Of a colour: That will not quickly fade or wash out; permanent. 1658 W. Sanderson Graphice 80 Fast and firm colours, as Umber, Oke. 1840 F. D. Bennett Whaling' Voy. II. 92 Its texture is strong and neat; its colours are fast. 1884 I. Levinstein in Manch. Exam. 6 Oct. 4/5 The fastest red dye known on cotton. g. Fast tine (Surveying) : see quot. Hard and fast line : see H ard a. 1807 Hutton Course Math. II. 73 When a line is measured whose position is determined, .it is called a fast line. f 2 . Firmly or closely knit together, compact, dense, solid, hard. Ohs. exc. dial. c 1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 114 Deos wyrt .. bi 5 cenned .. on faestum stowum. c 1200 Ormin 1602 Wipp fasst & findi} laf & harrd. 1398 Trevisa Barth De P. R. xvii. ii. (1495) 598 Trees that ben moost sad and faste. 1581 Marreck Bk. of Notes 1038 Then is hayle ingendered, because y° thing is become more fast. 1601 Holland Pliny xvi. xl, The Cherrie tree wood is firme and fast. 1609 C. Butler Fern. Mon. i. (1623) Cj, The stuffe [new Fustian] is so fast that it holdeth the sting. 1661 J. Childrey Brit. Bacon. 16 Tin is a fast metal, and not apt to dissolve. 1765 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 316 The half of the earth, ef with the fast land below, is thrown into the furrow E F. 1805 Scott Last Minstr. iv. xvii, In close array and fast. 1881 Leicestersh. Gloss ., This 'ere bread cuts so fasst. f b. Of style : Compact, terse. Obs, a 1568 Ascham Scholevt. 11. (Arb.) 113 If Osorius would.. translate Demosthenes, with so straite, fast, and temperate a style in latine, as he is in Greeke. t 3 . Of a fortress : Strong. Of a place or district: Secure against attack or access. Ohs. Cf. Fast¬ ness. £•900 Bzda's Hist. m. xvi, Seo burj wses to pon faest paet [etc.], c 1205 Lay. 9775 Sone he gon faren. .in to Ex-chaestre, pa burh wes pa faestre. 1571 Hanmer Citron. Irel. (1633) **3 They found the country fast with woods, bogges, and paces trenched. 1596 Spenser State Irel. (1633) 100 Robbers and Outlawes .. lurking in Woods and fast places. 1633 T. Stafford Pac. Hib. vii. (1821) 86 A strong and fast Countrey. 4 . Firmly attached to something else ; that can¬ not easily escape or be extricated ; fixed to the spot; lit. and fig. Said both of persons and things. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. (MS. A) 352 Presse hem fiat pei bicome fasttogidere. a 1400-50 Alexander74-/*{Dublin MS.) In rapes fast for ryfyng of bernes. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 15 1 12. Fast, or festyd be clevynge to, or naylynge, fixus, confixus. 1535 Coverdale Ps. lxxvii[i]. 8, I am so fast in preson, that I can not get forth. 1603 Knolles Hist . Turks 685 Being .. almost fast in the deep mud. 1659 B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 86 France., by keeping herself fast with them., hath drawn no small advantages from them [Swiss]. 1682 Milton Hist. Mosc. v, I am now fast in your Country. 1700 S. L. tr. C. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 41 The Hook struck into his Throat, and had him fast. 1772-84 Cook Voy. (1790) VI. 2236 Captain King .. remained fast till the return of the boat. 1806-7 J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) 1. Introd., If you and your mind and your nerves are such fast cronies. 1827 Scott Jrnl. (1890) II. 13 Mr. Scrope, who is fast with the gout. 1833 Tennyson Poems 120 We must bind And keep you fast, my Rosalind. 1878 H. Phillips Poems fir. Sp. <$• Germ. 16 Prisoner fast was Virgil taken. b. Of a knot, band, etc. : Firmly tied, not easily loosed. Alsoyfc. of an alliance, etc. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 40 For that faste kinred and aliaunce, which is betwixt us. 1583 Hollyband Campo di Fior 21 Tye the latcheth of a loose knot, and not of a fast one. 1641 Milton Ch. Goz>t. Wks. 1738 I. 63 Our Prelates ..have enter’d into fast League with the principal Enemy against whom they were sent. 1724 R. Falconer Voy. (1769) 232 To lie still as if their Chains were fast. c. To make fast : to bind, connect, or fix firmly. In nautical use also ah sol. c 1340 Cursor M. 16684 (Trin.) Abouen his heed .. a bord was made fast, c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 174 per ben maad fast wip pe ballokis .ij. vessels. 1526 Tindale Acts xvi. 24 Which iayler .. made their fete fast in the stockes. 1627 Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. v. 22 In stead of tying, sea men alwayes say, make fast. 1697 Dampier / "oy. (1698) I. 17 [He] took the end of a Line, and made it fast about his Neck. 1748 F. Smith Voy. Disc. N.-W. Pass. I. 45 Cap¬ tain More .made fast to another Piece [of ice]. 1835 Marry at Jac. Faithf. vii, Make the boat fast, there's a good lad. 1872 C. Gibbon For the King i, The horses were made fast in one corner of the court. fig. a 1310 in Wright Lyric P. ix. 37 Betre is make forewardes faste, then afterward to mene ant mynne. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 144 A Gentleman, being handfasted to a Gentlewoman, .afterwardes lost her, being made faster to another manne, then ever she was to hym. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus iv. 469 3 e man mak fast that salbe to 30W laid. d. fig. In a perplexity or difficulty; ‘in a fix\ To be fast for : to be in want of. dial. 1863 Mrs. Toogood YorksJi. Dial., I sent to borrow your saddle, for I. .was fast for one. 1877 Cheshire Gloss., 4 I’ve getten fast amang it.' 1883 rlImondbury Gloss., 4 Why don’t you get on with your job?’ 4 Nay, Au’m fast.’ e. Whale fishing. Of the whale: Having a harpoon sticking in it. Also of the boat, to which the harpoon is attached. Cf. Fast-boat , fish, -ship (see 11). 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arct. Reg. II. 320 Whether the fish, at the time of being harpooned by the second ship, was fast or loose? 1823 — Jrnl. 444 Amongst this run of fish, the king George was fast to three. 1839 T. Beale Sperm Whale 181 The immense creature almost flew, .throwing tons of spray high into the air, shewing that he was 4 fast.* f. Constipated ; costive. Obs. exc. dial. c 1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 74 Gif mannes innoS to faest sy. 1877 N. IV. Line. Gloss., Fast , costive. 5 . Of a door, window, etc.: Close shut, bolted, or locked. Also, To make (a door, etc.) fast. c 1305 Edmund Conf. 416 in E. E. P. (1862) 82 Make faste pe dore after pe. c 1320 Cast. Love 876 Thorgh the fast 3ate he con in teo, At the owt-goyng he lette hit fast be. c 1425 Sei>en Sag. 1355 (P.' The wyf fonde the dore faste. 1562 J. Heywood Prcn>. <$• F.pigr. (1867) 160 He that cumth last make all fast. 1623 Massinger Dk. Milan v. ii, I’ll first make fast the door. 1748 Richardson Clarissa Wks. 1883 VI. 290, I thought I heard her coming to open the door.. but it was only to draw another bolt, to make it still the faster. 1832 Ht. Martinkau Hill < 5 * Valley i. 9 He. .walked round the cottage to see that the windows were fast. 1853 Kingsley Hypatia xxviii. 359 The door, .was fast. With a single blow he burst it open. 6. Gripping, tenacious. Const, of. Obs. exc. in To take fast hold {of). c'1510 More Picus Wks. 5/2 A meruelouse fast memorie. 1608 Bp. Hall Char. Virtues§ V. 11. 76 He greets his friend .. with, .so fast a closure, that [etc.]. 1611 Bible Prov. iv. 13 Take fast hold of instruction. 1625 Bacon Ess., Gardens (Arb.) 557 Roses Damask & Red are fast Flowers of their Smels. 1662 J. Davies Voy. Ambass. 272 These Conductors .. laid .. fast hold on their hands. 1724 R. Falconer Voy. (1769* 62 Laying fast hold of the Skirt of my Waistcoat. + b. Close-fisted, mean, niggardly. Obs. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 143 pa feste Men pa pet mei lutel to wreche. a 1300 Pop. Science 275 A slou3 wrecche and ferblet, fast and loth to 3eve his god. 7 . Alining, a. In fast country , ground , applied to that part of the bed of minerals which lies next the rock (cf. 4). 1671 Phil. Trans. VI. 2096 The (then real but now imaginary) surface of the Earth, which is termed by the Miners, the Shelf, Fast Countrey or Ground that was never moved in the Flood. Ibid. 2099 When we come to the Shelf or Fast Countrey. 1753 Chambers Cycl.Supp., Fast Ground or Fast Country. b. Fast end , wall (see quots.). Cf. 1. 1851 Greenwell Coal-trade Terms Northumb. § Durh. 25 Fast Wall , a sheth wall; the wall in which, at the top or bottom of a course, the bearing up or bearing down stop¬ ping is placed. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., Fast-end .. a gangway with rock on both sides. 1883 Gresley Coal min. Gloss., Fast Etui, the limit of a stall in one direction. II. Rapid. [This sense was app. developed first in the adv., and thence transferred to the adj.: see Fast adv. ] 8. Of action, motion, or progress : Quick, swift. Hence of an agent: (a) Moving quickly ; ( b) Im¬ parting quick motion to something. [In the first quot. the sense may be 4 strong, vigorous’ (cf. 1, 2 and the adv. 1 d).] a 1300 Cursor M. 7169 (Cott.) Sampson, .gaue a braid sa fers and fast, pat all pe bandes of him blast. 1552 Huloet, Fast wryter, impiger scriba. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill , in. i. 103 Idle Weeds are fast in growth, c 1610 Speed in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 109 With a fast eye you had overune it. a 1627 Middleton Chaste Maid v. i, A fair, fast, legible hand. 1662 J. Davies tr. Mandelslds Trav. E. Ind. 120 A hundred Boats, all which row for the fastest. 1712 Swift Jrnl. to Stella 12 Dec., I am slower, but MD is faster. 1788 Franklin Autobiog. Wks. 1887 I. 287 His ship..foul to a degree that must necessarily hinder her fast sailing. 1837 Dickens Pickiu. xiv, The vixenish mare with the fast pace. 1837 A pperley The Road (1851) 32 The average price of horses for fast coaches. 1886 Manch. Exam. 7 Jan. 5/2 The want felt in Lancashire of a good fast bowler. 1886 T. Hopkins ’ Twixt Loz-e Duty xli, The fast train was exchanged for a local one. 1888 Steel Cricket iii. 164 It is strange that English first-class cricket is so devoid of really fast bowling. b. Coming in quick succession, freq. in Shelley; otherwise rare. 1815 Shelley Alastor 533 For as fast years flow away The smooth brow gathers, a 1822 — Coliseum Ess. & Lett. (Camelot) 59 Like the fast drops of a fountain. c. Of a clock or watch : Indicating a time more advanced than the true time. 1840 Penny Cycl. XVII. 405/1 In an observatory it is always desirable that a clock should, .be slow rather than fast. Mod. My watch is fast. ‘It is six by my watch.’ 4 I think you must be fast.’ 9 . Adapted to, or productive of, quick movement. a. With reference to locomotion or transport. b. Cricket and Football. Said of the ground when hard and dry. c. Billiards. Said of a table of which the cushions are very elastic. a. 1857 B. Taylor North. Trav. 245 As it was not a ‘fast’ station, we were subject to the possibility of waiting two or three hours for horses. Mod. A fast line (of railway). b. 1888 Steel Cricket iii. 150 Finishing his stroke as he would do on a fast wicket. 1891 Field 7 Mar. 345/3 The ground [at a football match] was very fast. C. 1873 Bennett & Cavendish Billiards 21 By a moder¬ ately fast table is meant one on which if a player strikes a ball as hard as he can, it will run five times the length of the table. 10 . a. Of persons: Living too fast (see T AST adv. 7); extravagant in habits; devoted to pleasure, dissi¬ pated ; usually implying a greater or less degree of immorality. Also in fast life , living, etc. b. Often applied to women in milder sense : Studiedly unrefined in habits and manners, disregardful of propriety or decorum. c. Of language, etc.: Characteristic of ‘ fast ’ people, d. Of a place : Inhabited or frequented by ‘ fast ’ people. 1745 K. Hevwood Female Sped. <1748) il. 273 In deep consultation.. how to repair the defects of age and fast living. 1841 J. T. Hewlett Parish Clerk I. 179 All the fast men were anxious to make their acquaintance. 1852 L. Oliphant Journey to Katmandu 191 Lucknowis a fast place. 1856 F. E. Paget Owlet Owlst. 140 If a fast young lady be detestable anywhere, what must she be in a country parsonage? 1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. i. (1889) 2 The college was decidedly fast. 1870 Ramsay Remiu. v. (ed. 18) T19 I never heard.. all these fast terms. 1874 Burnand My Time xxiii. 203 My lot was cast in a fast set. III. 11 . Comb, and locutions: fast-boat, a whaling-boat which has made itself fast to a whale, i. e. has harpooned it; + fast-fingered a. = Close- fisted ; fast fish, a whale which has been har¬ pooned and is therefore fast to the boat; fast- freight, U. S. (Railways), goods for rapid trans¬ portation, whence fast-freight-line ; fast-gated a., dial, going at a rapid rate; fast-goer, one who goes fast; + fast-hand f., to grasp tightly ; + fast¬ handed a. = Close-fisted ; fast-hold, (a) a stronghold; lit. and fig .; if) confinement, durance ; fast-pulley, also in fast and loose pulley (see quots.); fast ship, a ship which has secured a particular whale, by means of its boats; fast-shot (see quot.). Also Fast and loose. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. I. 480 It frequently drags the *fast-boat with such speed through the water, that it is. .soon out of sight. 1839 T. Beale Sper?n Whale 165 Those in the ‘fast’ boat haul themselves gently towards the whale. 1607 Hieron Wks. I. 339 How *fast fingered and close handed are they, when any thing should come from them to a good purpose? 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 244 The first effort of a ‘*fast-fish ’ or whale that has been struck, is to escape from the boat. 1881 Chicago Times 12 Mar., The Commercial Express *Fast- Freight line. 1875 Waugh Old Cronies iv. in Tufts Heather (1892) I. 221 A *fast-gated spendthrift. 1885 Miss Braddon IVyllard's JVeird I. vii. 183 In a hunting country, the*fast- goers generally get together. 1632 J. Hayward tr. BiondPs Eromena 104 She perceived it was a woman who *fast- handing a little plancke, Acted on the sea. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. Proeme, Nature in those gifts hath beene both liberall. .and prodigall, though Fortune as sparing and *fast handed against me. 1622 Bacon Hoi. VII 207 The King also beeing fast handed, and loth to part with a second Dowrie. 1802 Hatred III. 152 A banditti, .secured themselves from punishment by retiring to this *fast hold. 1832 Fraser's Mag. V. 566 The wild cat, the fox, and the badger, are almost entirely exterminated from their fastholds, 1870 Daily News 8 Sept. 6 When the last fast- hold of priestly influence is rapidly disappearing in the West. 1856 Brees Terms Archit., etc., *Fast and loose pulleys, a very simple, .contrivance for disengaging and re-engaging machinery, consisting of two pulleys. One pulley is fixed on an axle, another, having a bush, is loose. The band con¬ veying the motion may consequently be shifted from one pulley to the other at pleasure. 1874 Knight Diet. Mcch., Fast-pulley (Machinery), one keyed to the shaft so as to revolve therewith. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 250 These signals serve to indicate .. the exclusive title of the 4 *fast-ship ’ to the entangled whale. 1846 Brockett Gloss. N. Country Words (ed. 3) 161 When a shot has discharged without disturbing the coal, .it is said to be a *fast shot. Fast (fast), adv. Forms: 1 feeste, 3 feeste, feste, south, dial, veeste, veste, 3-6 faste, 3 Orm. fasste, south, dial, vaste, 3- fast; comp. 1 feestor, 3 feestre, south, dial, vastre, 3- faster. [OE. fseste — OS. fasto (Du. vast ), OHG. fas to (MHG. vaste firmly, fixedly, closely, quickly, mod.G. fast almost), ON. fast:— OTeut. *fasto, i.fastu - Fast a.] 1 . In a fast manner, so as not to be moved or shaken;///, andfig.; firmly, fixedly. Often with stand, sit, stick, etc. + To sit fast upon : to insist upon. ^900 Bxda's Hist. 11. xiii, pa sceat he mid py spere, part hit sticode faste on pam heri^e. C1205 Lay. 9562 Heore gri 3 heo setten faste. c 1300 Beket 1306 Whan ech man of the lond faste a^en him is. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 188 It wole make hise heeris longe & make hem sitte faste. 1526 Pilgr. Pcrf (W. de W. 1531) 8 b, Persones that .. stycke fast in theyr owne blynde fantasy. 1535 Coverdale Ps. xxxiii. 9 For..loke what be commaundeth, it stondeth fast. 1563-87 Foxe A. pat word, .pei bigon to awake And him faste aboute biset. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) xxi. 228 The See that touched & was fast to the mount. c 1400 Destr. Troy 326 Ther were fyldes full faire fast pere besyde. c 1420 Palladius on Husb. vm. 169 If Aust be fast nygh September, c 1425 Seven Sag. 3009 (P.) Faste by hym he hyr sete. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. deW. i53i),Whiche worlde . .decaynge draweth fast to an ende. 1590 SpenserA' Q. i. xii. 25 Fast before the king he did alight. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 1117 A mill fast without the town. 1667 Mil- ton P. L. 11. 725 The Snakie Sorceress that sat Fast by Hell Gate. 1679-1714 Burnet Hist. Ref I. 11. 48 Lautrech with the French army lay still fast about Bononia. 1704 Pope Windsor For. 314 And, fast beside him, once-fear’d Edward sleeps. 1729 Savage Wanderer v. 399 The Globe of Light Drops sudden ; fast pursued by Shades of Night. 1790 Beatson Nav. <$• Mil. Mem. 394 Which brought the vessels in our rear fast up. 1801 Wcrdsw. Cuckoo <$• Nightingale xx, The next bush that was me fast beside. 1821 Keats Lamia 17 Fast by the springs. .Were strewn rich gifts. 1869 Freeman Norm. Com 7. (1876) III. xi. 72 Fast on its appearance had followed the troubles of the reign of .. Eadward. b. Fast upon or on: near upon (a specified quantity). Cf. Ger. fast almost. Obs. exc. dial. 1583 Golding Calvin on Deut. xxx. 177 After he had gone about with them a fortie yeres or fast vpon it. 1600 Holland Livy xxix. 735 So there were, .killed in the place . .fast upon a thousand. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., * I gev fast on ten pounds for her.’ 15 . Closely, at once, immediately. As fast as : as soon as (cf. 6). Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 823 (Gott.) Als fast as fiai had don fiat sinne, Bigan all vr baret to biginne. c 1386 Chaucer Can. Veom. Frol. <5* T. 552 Whan he cometh, as fast schul ye see A wonder thing, which ye saugh never er this, a 1400-50 Alexander 3944 pan come a fli^tir in of fowls, as fast as it dawid. c 1400 Lanfrancs Cirurg. 322 It is necessarie as faste pat a mannes rigboon is out of pe joynct pat it be brou3t yn a3en anoon. 1428 Surtees Misc. (1890) 9 Was done afterwarde als her fast folowys. c 1440 Lay Folks Mass Bk. (MS. C.) 56 Say a paternoster and an ave fast pereon. 1645 Hammond Pract. Catechism 1. iii. 50 He.. gave evidence of his fidelity as fast as occasions were offered. 1724 R. Falconer Voy. (1769) 231 My Opinion was to execute it as fast as ever we could. 1782 Cowper Gilpin 117 And still as fast as he drew near, ’Twas wonderful to view, How [etc.]. 6. Quickly, rapidly, swiftly. For the development of this sense from the primary sense ‘ firmly', cf. 1 d, 4, 5, and expressions like ‘ to run hard '. It does not appear that this sense is recorded in OE., but it belongs to MHG. vaste , ON .fast. c 1205 Lay. 7986 He warnede alle his cnihtes .. & fusden an veste. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 401 po pe Cristyne yt vnder3ete, a3en hii wende vaste. a 1300 Cursor M. 3866 (Cott.) It was ferli .. How fast pai multiplid par. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 4003 Takens, war-thurgh he may understande, pat pe day of dome es fast comande. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7437, I prayde my felowes fast to ryde. 1548 Hall Chron. 113 b, The Frenchemen .. fled into the toune so faste, that one letted the other to entre. 1585 J. B. tr. P. Viret's Sch. Beastes B viij b, Men doo not so fast breake them, as she repaireth and amendeth them. 1632 Lithgow Trav. vi. 298 The Camell .. hath a most slow and lazy pace .. neither can he goe faster although he would. 1688 J. Smith Baroscope 71 The Mercury then generally Rises very fast of a sudden. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) I. xv. 268, I found he .. would make it go almost as swift and fast again as I could. 1776 Adam Smith W. N. i. xi. (1869) I. 264 The rate of profit .. is. .highest in the countries which are going fastest to ruin. 1814 Scott Ld. of Isles 11. xiii, Barendoun fled fast away. 1876 Trevelyan Macaulay II. 2 His health was breaking fast. 1893 Sir L. W. Cave in Law Times XCV. 26/1 The frequent applications to commit for contempt of court are fast bringing the law itself into contempt. b. In quick succession ; one close upon another. 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI, hi. i. 82 The Bishop and the Duke of Glosters men .. Doe pelt so fast'at one anothers Pate, That [etc.]. 1610 — Temp. 1. ii. 281 Where thou didst vent thy groanes As fast as M ill-wheeles strike. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. 1. (1843) 22/2 His honours had grown faster upon him than his fortunes. 1771 Mrs. Griffith tr. Viand's Shipwreck 169 My tears fell faster than his. a 1822 Shelley Song for Tasso 12 My thoughts come fast. c. Readily, with alacrity. Obs. exc. in colloq. phrase fast enough. c 1420 Anturs of Arth. xviii, Thou dele fast of the gode, To tho that fales the fode. c 1477 Caxton Jason 30 They ..attended frely and fast a fote. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 2 The one affirmyng for his parte, and the other deniyng as faste againe for his parte. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. iv. i. 69 Hee teaches him to hie and to hac; which they’ll doe fast enough cf themselues. 1642 Milton Apol. Smect. (1851) 314, I cannot but admire as fast what they think is become of judgement, and tast in other men. Mod. He would do it fast enough, if*you paid him for it. 7 . To live fast: a. to expend quickly one’s vital energy; b. to live a dissipated life. Cf. Fast a. 10. a. 1700 Dryden Char. Good Parson 9 Of sixty years he seemed; and well might last To sixty more, but that he lived too fast. 1711 Shaftesb. Charac. (17371 I. 126 As if they liv’d the fastest who took the greatest pains to enjoy least of life. 1851 Carpenter Man. Phys. (ed. 2) 78 Cold¬ blooded animals live much faster..at high temperatures, than at low ; so that they die much sooner. b. 1699 T. Brown Colloq. Erasrn. iv. 26 Living very fast, as they say, [he] has brought his Noble to Nine- pence. 1754 World 19 Sept. P 2 He has lived rather fast formerly. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk., J. Bull (1865) 389 They fear he has lived too fast. 8. Comb, with ppl. adjs. and (rarely) vbl. sbs. a. (sense 1) as fast-dyed, -grounded, -rooted (whence fast-rootedness', settled , ppl. adjs. 1541 Coverdale Old Faith ix, The only true, old, un¬ doubted, and fast-grounded faith. 1587 Golding De Mornay Ep. Ded. 1 In the world we see a stedie and fast- setled order. 1832 Tennyson Lotos-Eaters 83 The flower .. Fast-rooted in the fruitful soil. 1853 Lynch Self Imp* ov. ii. 31 The fast-rootedness of religious vitality. 1888 Daily News 19 Nov. 2/7 The fast-dyed black goods retain their popularity. b. (sense 2) as fast-anchored, -bound, -plighted ppl. adjs.; + fast-fancied, attached firmly by fancy. 1580 Baret Alv. F 181 Fast bound or tied, religatus. c 1590 Greene Fr. Bacon v. 79 Thou com’st in post from merry Fressingfield Fast-fancied to the Keepers bonny lass. 1627 Drayton ^/V/cr/.ccxxviii. 2032 His fast plighted troth. 1633 Ford' 7 ’/> Pity v. v, Our fast-knit affections. 1784 Cowper Task 11. 151 Were they the wicked above all, And we the righteous, whose fast-anchored isle Moved not? 1814 Byron Hebr. Mel., Destr. Jerusalem ii, The fast-fettered hands. 1823 Scott Peveril III. iii. 56 The darbies are the fetlocks—the fast-keepers my boy—the bail for good beha¬ viour. 1842 Manning Scrm. xxv. (1848) 382 There still remains with us a fast-cleaving and mysterious evil. 1871 B. Taylor Faust (1875) II. 111. 193 Bring I thee Fast bound in welded fetters the knave. c. (sense 3) as fast-closed, -shut, ppl. adjs. 1595 Shaks. John 11. i. 447 Our fast closed gates. <21649 Drumm. of Hawth. Poems (1711) 18 A fast-shut prison. d. (sense 6) as fast-sailing, vbl. sb. ; fastfalling, -going, -sailing, etc., ppl. adjs. *593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, 1. iv. 162 Euen my Foes will shed fast-falling Teares. 1593 — Rich. II, m. iv. 34 Goe thou, and like an Executioner Cut off the heads of too fast growing sprayes. 1622 Drayton Poly-olb. xxiii. 187 A good fast feeding grass, most strongly that doth breed. 1757 Dyer Fleece iv. 603 Fast-gath’ring tempests. x8oo Nelson in Nicolas Disp. IV. 200 A fast-sailing Polacca of about 70 Tons. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 338 That valu¬ able property of a ship, called fast-sailing. 1820 Keats Ode to Nightingale 49 Fast-fading violets cover’d up in leaves. a 1822 Shelley Bigotry 1. 3 The fast-fleeting hind. 1822 in Cobbett Rur. Rides (1885) 1 .96 The fast-sinking Old Times newspaper, a 1835 M rs. Hemans Penitent's Offering Poems (1875) 496 That fast-flowing rain of tears. 1870 Dickens E. Dy-ood ii, The fast-darkening scene. 1892 Pall Mall G. 12 Oct. 5/1 The fast-going autumn. t Past,^. 1 Obs. Forms: i fsestan, 3-5 fest(e(n, -yn, 3-4 fasten, 5-6 faste, 5- fast. Pa. t. 3-5 fest, 4fast-, fested,-id, -yd, 5-7 fasted. Pa.pfle. 3-5 fest(e, 4fast(e. \ 0 ¥.. fsestan (rare; also in com¬ pounds go-, oS-bofsestaii), corresp. to OFris. festia, OS. festian (Du. vesten), OHG. fasten, festan (MHG. festen), ON. fes/a (Da. ftesle, Sw. fasta) OTtut. *fastjan, f. *fast-u- Fast a. Before st,ft , the umlaut of a in OE. was % (instead of f), and in ME. dialects this is divergently represented by a and e. The wide prevalence of the form fest^en in ME., however, is prob. in part due to Scandinavian influence.] 1 . To make fast to something; to attach with bonds or nails; to bind together. Const, on, till, to, unto. a. with reference to material things. Also, To fast tip (a wound): to bind up. c 1220 Bestiary 462 De spinnere. .festeS atte hus rof hire fodredes. a 1300 Leg. Gregory (Schulz) no pan sche hadde. .in pe cradel fast him fest. a 1300 Cursor M. 1728 (Gott.) [Noe] himself festid [ Fairfax feste] bath band and lace, c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 272 Fire pei fest on it alle, & brent it [pe rede haule] pat et felle. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 5275 pe neyles pat hym thurgh hand and fote Til pe hard rode tre fast fested. 1382 Wyclif Ezek. xxx. 21 Boundyn in clothis and fastid. .with smale lynnen clothis. c 1440 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 2717 On his legges thou doo fest Strong fetures. 1523 Fitzherb. Surv. xxv. (1539) 48 To faste the teme to the same. 1549 Coverdale Erasm. Par. Gal. 14 Jesus Christ was for your sakes faste vpon the crosse. 1593 Rites $ Mon. Ch. Durh. (Surtees) 4 Which cord was all fest together, .over the cover. 1615 W. Lawson Orch. <$• Gard. in. x. (1668) 29 Cover your wound, and fast it up. 1626 Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 27 Fast you[r] Anchor with your shanke painter. 1665 G. Havers P. della Valle's Trav. E. India 348 At the foot of that Cross three Nails, to signifie those which fasted our Saviour unto it. b. with reference to immaterial things. c 1220 Bestiary 553 Wo so feste 5 hope on him, he sal him folgen to helle dim. a 1340 Hampole Psalter xii. 1 A perfit man .. has .. fested paim [desires] in ihesu crist. 1568 T. Howell Arb. Amitie (1879) 94 Firmely fast thy fayth on him, that’s true continually. c. refi. and intr. for refi. With on, to : To attach oneself to, take hold of, seize upon. Cf. To fasleti on. c 1250 Gen. <$• Ex. 3797 A fier ma^ti Sat folc fest on. c 1300 Cursor M. 26782 (Cott.) pai paim to pair filthes fest. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 6772 Nedders pat on pam sal fest. c 1420 Avow, Arth. vfi, Ther was non so hardy Durste on the fynde fast. 14.. Kyng fy Hermit 475 in Hazl. E. P. P. (1864) I. 32 Ther is no dere in this foreste And it [an arrow] wolde onne hym feste, Bot it schuld spyll his skale. d. To make fast in wedlock; to betroth, wed. Const, to, with. c 1300 Sat. Kildare in E. E. P. (1862) 155 He is sori of his lif pat is fast to such a wif. 1377 Langl P. PI. B. 11. 123 pow hast fest hire to fals. c 1430 Syr Try am. 643 They schulde faste hur with no fere. 2 . To fix in something else ; to fix firmly; to establish, settle, in material or immaterial sense; and with sentence as obj. b ^ 95 ° Lindisf. Gosp. Luke xxiii. 46 In hondum Sinum.. ic faisto \commcndo\ gast minne. c 1250 Gen. Ex. 1524 Dor wurS wiS him trewfte fest Abimalech. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 150 pat ich hym wolde myd trewpe siker faste on honde. a X300 Cursor M. 21013 (Gott.) Iacob pe mare, .pe FAST 89 FASTEN. land of spaigne in faith he fest. 1382 Wyclif Ex, xv. 17 l,ord, thi seyntuarye, that thin hondes fastiden. c 1400 Yiuaine <$• Gaw. 1989 His shelde bifor his face he fest. c 1440 Seems, Prose Persian (E.E.T.S.) A kyng, bat yn vnite and obedience ha)> confermed and fastyd louable poeple of Inde. c 1460 Tmuneley Myst. 91 Then wold I we fest This mete who shalle into panyere kest. 1664 Floddan Field ix. 81 His folks could hardly fest their feet. b. To plant, bring or drive home (a blow). Of the sun: To send forth (a ray). a 1300 Cursor M. 23385 (Cott.) Als suith als sunn mai fest fra est his lem vnto \>e west, als suith mai foil cum bider. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 100 A stroke on him he fest. c 1330 Arth . Merl. 5986 So strong was Caulang verrament That King Arthour myht fest no dint. e. refl. To fast oneself of: to confirm oneself in. c 1220 Bestiary 182 Feste 5 e of stedefastnesse and ful of Sewes. 3 . To confirm (a covenant); to pledge (faith, etc.). a 1300 Cursor M. 5725 (Cott.) For forward bat he wit bam fest His ei of reuth he on bum kest. 1306 Sir Simon Fraser 41 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 214 To the kyng Edward hii fasten huere fay. c 1340 Cursor M. 2691 (Trin.) pis couenaunt was faste wib bis. a 1450 Le Morte A rth. 3324 Yiff we may not oure forwardys faste. c 1470 Henry Wallace xi. 540 Passand thai war. .Till Inglismen- thair fewte for to fest. Hence Fa'sted ppl. a. c 1440 Promf. Parv. 151/1 Fast, or bowndyn, or festyd, vinctus. Ibid. 158/1 Festyd, or teyyd fast to a thynge, flxus. Fast (fast), z>. 2 Forms : 1-2 feestan, 2 feesten, 2-3 festen, 3-4 south. dial, vesten, 3-4 fasten. Onn. fasstenn, 4-5 fastyn, faste, south. dial, vaste, 4- fast. Pa. t. 1 feestte, 2-3 feste, 4 faste, 7 fast, 3 fastede, 4-5 fastid, Sc. fastit, 4- fasted. Pa. pple. 3 ifaste, south. dial, i-, y-vast, 4 fast, fasten, 4-5 fastid, Sc. fastyt, 4- fasted. [Com. Teut.: OE. feestan — OFris. festia, MDu., mod.D. vasten , OHG. fasten (MHG. vasten, mod.G. fasten ), ON. fasta (Da. faste, Sw. fasta ), Goth .fastan OTeut. *fasttjan. The Goth, word has also the sense 4 to keep, to observe *, of which the sense 1 to fast ’ was originally a specific appli¬ cation ; cf. med.L. observare 4 to fast \ In accord¬ ance with this presumed derivation, the ecclesias¬ tical use of the word is here placed first, though the wider sense 2 appears in OE. and in all the modern Teut. langs.] 1 . intr. To abstain from food, or to restrict one¬ self to a meagre diet, either as a religious observance or as a ceremonial expression of grief. 971 Blickl. Horn. 27 pset ure Drihten setter psem fulwihte faistte. c 1050 Byrhtfertlis Handboc in Anglia VIII. 311 pon sceal man faestan on pam aerran saeternes daege. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 29 Ic wulle gan to scrifte and forleten and festen per fore, a 1225 Ancr. R. 20 Hwon 3e vesteS ine winter. 1340 Ayenb. 50 God him hat ueste. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) iii. 10 pai fast no3t pe Seterday na tyme of pe 3ere. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour A vj, Yf ye may not faste the thre dayes. 1542 Becon Potation for Lent Early Wks.(i843) 107 He also teaches us the true.. manner of fasting. 1600 Shaks. A. Y. L. iii. v. 58 But Mistris. .downe on your knees And thanke heauen, fasting, for a good mans loue. a 1711 Ken Semi. Wks. (1838) 163 When he fasted, his diet was afflicting, such as became a mourner. 1782 Priestley Corrupt. Chr. II. viii. 129 Some persons fasted before Easter. 1842 J. H. Newman Par. Serm. VI. i. 1 We fast by way of penitence. fig. a 1300 Cursor M. 27916 (Cotton Galba) To fast fro all syn. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1638) 259 Prosper’s saying, That to fast from sinne, is the best fast. b. with mention of the kind of spare diet per¬ mitted. Const, on ; f formerly also in, to, with , and quasi-trans. in phrase to fast bread and water . c 1305 Edmund Conf. 24 in E. E. P. (1862) 71 Ofte heo aaf hem mede For to faste pane fridai to watere & to brede. 1375 Barbour Bruce xi. 383 Thai fastit bred and vattir ilkone. a 1450 Knt. de la Tour 12 [She] fasted., two tymes in brede and water. 1562 J. Heywood Proz>. <5* Epigr. (1867) 100 Thou rather wouldest. .fast bread and water. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L . 1. i. 303 You shall fast a Weeke with Branne and water. 1844 Lingard Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) II. x. 120 He fasted on bread, herbs, salt, and water. 2 . gen . To go without food. + Also (contextually) to go without drink. Const, from. c 1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 200 Genim Sysse sylfan wyrte leaf, syle etan faestendum. c 1220 Bestiary 126 [De neddre] fasteS til his fel him slake#, c 1300 Havelok 865 Two days per fastinde he yede. c 1340 Cursor M. 17345 (Trin.) Fro mete & drinke for to fast, c 1400 Maundev. (1839) v. 58 He [a camel] may well faste fro drynk 2 dayes or three. 1606 Shaks. Ant. <$- Cl. 11. vii. 108, I had rather fast from all, foure dayes then drinke so much in one. 1607 Topsell Serpents (1608) 780 She must either quench her thirst with that, or fast. 1657 W. Rand tr. Gassendi's Life of Peiresc ii. 220 If he should fast all day from eating and drinking. 1671 Milton P. R. ii. 284 Fasting he went to sleep, and fasting wak’d. 1796 Mrs. Glasse Cookery xv. 265 Drink half a pint in the morning fasting. 1855 Milman Lat. Chr. (1864) II. iii. vi. 90 The monk, .was enjoined to fast rather than partake of food abroad. transf. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. 11. cci. [cxcvii.] 615 The doughter of Fraunce. .this fyue or syxe yere. .shall nat be able to kepe hym company.. he hath answered .. that.. thoughe he faste a season, he shall take it well a worth. i6ix Shaks. JVint. T. iv. iv. 612 Not a counterfeit Stone, not a Ribbon, .to keepe my Pack from fasting. b. Irish Antiq. To fast against, upon (a person): said with reference to the custom of sitting without Vol. IV. food or drink at the door of a debtor, or any person who refused to satisfy some lawful demand. 1865 Hancock tr. Scnchus Mor. I. 115, I deem it right that they be fasted upon before distress shall be taken from them. 1873 W. K. Sullivan O'Currys Atic. Irish I. Introd. 283 Where the defendant was a Rig, the plaintiff was obliged to ‘fast’ upon him..before he made his distress. 1887 W. Stokes tr. Tripartite Life St. Patrick I. 219 Patrick, .went to the king..And fasted against him. c. quasi -trans. in various nonce-uses. 1596 Shaks. Tam. Shr. 1. i. 109 Their loue is not so great.. but we may blow our nails together, And fast it fairely out. 1668 Etheredge She would if she could iv. ii, Thou shoud’st fast thyself up to a Stomach now and then. t 3 . traits. To pass (time) fasting; to keep or observe (a day, etc.) as a time of abstinence. Also, To fast out. Obs. c 1275 Passion of our Lord 30 in O. E. Misc. 38 po he hedde heom [fourty dawes] yuast po luste hym ete. a 1300 Cursor M. 6558 (Cott.) Haf yee pe dais al fasten vte pat i bad ar i me went? c 1340 Ibid. 12921 (Fairf.) Til he haue fasted his lentyn-tide. 1553 Becon Reliques of Rome (*563) 168 Telesphorus. .appoynted firste of all, Lente to be fasted, a 1681 Wharton, Easts <$- Fest. Wks. (1683) 30 The Ember Weeks..are four..and anciently Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday, in each Fasted. Fast and (+ or) loose. a. An old cheating game (see quot. 184/). 1578 Whetstone Promos <5* Cass. i. ii. v. At fast or loose, with my Giptian, I meane to haue a cast. 1621 B. Jonson Gipsies Mctamorph. Song i, Leave pig by and goose, And play fast and loose. 16^8 Butler Hud. in. ii. 392 Had forc’d his Neck into a Nooze, To shew his play at Fast and Loose. 1847 Halliwell, Fast-and-loose, a cheating game played with a stick and a belt or string, so arranged that a spectator would think he could make the latter fast by* placing a stick through its intricate folds, whereas the operator could detach it at once. b. fig. To play (at) fast and loose : to ignore at one moment obligations which one acknowledges at another; to be 4 slippery ’ or inconstant. 1557 Tottcts Misc. (Arbj 157 [Title of Epigram] Of a new maried studient that plaied fast or loose. 1595 Shaks. John iii. i. 242 Play fast and loose with faith. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. $ Commw. 369 The French playing fast and loose with their Salick Law. 1712 Steele Sped. No 320 Pi A little, .playing fast and loose, between Love and Indifference. 1829 IVestm. Rev. X. 185 Doctrines., which play at fast and loose with truth and falsehood, i860 Thackeray Lovcl the Wid. vi. (1869) 252 She had played fast and loose with me. c. Hence, shiftiness, inconstancy. 1648 Milton Temire Kings Wks. 1738 I. 319 The fast and loose of our prevaricating Divines. 1692 Bentley Boyle Led. 217 An eternal vicissitude of fast and loose. attrib. 1855 Motley Dutch Rep. vi. iii. (1866) 821 The English Queen, .had. .almost distracted the provinces by her fast-and-loose policy. Fast-day. [f. Fast si .' 1 + Day ; cf. fasten-day s.v. Fasten jA] A day to be observed as a fast. In some New England States spec, the day appointed every spring by the governor for fasting. Sacramental fast-day (Scotland): a fast observed on one day in the week preceding the yearly or half-yearly Communion Sunday; until about 1886 business was generally suspended on these days as on Sundays. c 1340 Cursor M. 27210 (Fairf.) In halitide or fast-day. 1643 in Clarendon Hist. Reb. (1704) II. 289 Stir them up, the next Fast-day to the chearful taking of it. 1724 R. Falconer Voy. (1769) 232 It was some Fast-day with them. 1841 Trench Parables xxix. (1864) 479 Moses appointed but one fast-day in the year. attrib. 1866 Lowell Commencement Dinner Poems 1890 IV. 256 A Fast Day discourse. Fasted (fa'sted), ppl. a. ff. Fast v.- + -ed l.] That has gone without food: said of animals. Only in Fasted •weight: the weight of an animal in a fasting condition. 1852 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XIII. 1. 192 The fasted live weight. 1855 Ibid. XVI. 1. 64 The proportion of dead or carcass weight, calculated both to the un-fasted and the fasted live-weight, are given. t Fa'sten, si. Obs. exc. in Comb. Fasten’s- een, Fasten Tuesday, dial. Forms : 1-2 fsesten feestan, {Northumb, foes tern), 1-3 festen, vesten, 3 fasten, fastin, (fastim), 4- (see Fasten’s een). [OE. fsesten str. neut.OTeut. type *fastunjo-m, f. *fast-ejan to Fast. Similar but not exactly equivalent derivatives are OS . fas/unnia str. fem., Goth . faslubni str. neut. The ONorthumb. form fxslern (cf. if cm, western — WS. sefen, westcii) is the source of the Sc. fasiryn, fastern , etc. : see F’asten’s-een.] 1 . Fasting; an act of fasting ; = Fast sb . 1 1. 0825 Vesf. Psalter cviii. [cix.] 24Cneowmin xeuntrumad sind fore festenne. 971 Blickl. Horn. 37 HalgiaJ* eower festen & medeme lac bringafi Drihtne. c 1000 Ags. Gosfi. Matt. xvii. 21 So[>lice J>is cynn ne by)> ut-adryfen buton fiurh gebed and festen. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 37 Ne lipnie je no al to eower festene 3if ma:cn eni ooer god don. a 1225 Ancr. R. 138 Vesten, wecchen & oSre swuche. .beoS mine sacrefises. a 1300 Cursor M. 28627 (Cotton Galba) Ogains pride praier may rise, fastin for fiesli couatyse. 2 . = Fast sb . 1 2. a 725 Laws Wihtrxd § 14 Gif mon his heowum in festen flaesc £efe. c 1050 Byrhtfertli s Handboc in Anglia VIII. 311 pact ymbren faestan by 5 on pissum monfte. c 17.00 Winteney Rule St. Benet (1888) 83 pa bee synd to syllanne on anginne festenfes], 3 . Comb., as fasten-day, -tide, -time. a 900 Charter xxxvii. in O.E, Texts (1885) 444 Gif hit onne festendatj sie. a 1035 Sec. Laws of Cnut § 47 Yfel id pmt man riht festen-tide ter maele ete. a 1225 Ancr. R. 318 Ich hit dude inne leinten, ine uestendawes, holidawes. a 1300 Cursor At. 27210 (Cott.) Halitide or fastim dai. Ibid. 28464 (Cott.) Bath lenten tide and fasten day oft haue i broken gain my lay. Ibid. 29071 (’Cott.* Yee hele yur aim fastintide. Ibid. 29083 (Cott.) pai held noght fastin time. Fasten tfa'sn), v. Forms: feestnian, fest- nian, 3 south. V8estn(i)en, Orm. fesstnenn, 3-4 festnen, fastnen, festni, south, vestni, 3-6 festne, festen, festin, 5 festyn, feston, 4-S fastne, 6 Sc. fessin, -ynn, fassinn, 4- fasten. Also with prefix 1-2 }e-, 2-4 pa. t. and pa. pple. i-, y-. [OE.feslnian = OFris .festna, OS .fashion, 011 G. fastinon, feslinon (MUG. festenen , mod.G. festnen), to make firm, bind fast (cf. also ON. fastna to pledge, betroth, Da .fastne to consolidate, S w.fastna intr. to stick fast)OTeut. *fastinijan, f. *fast-u- Fast a. See -en 5 .] To make fast (cf. senses of the adj.). + 1 . trans. To make firm or stable; to establish, settle, confirm. To fasten the feet : to give or obtain sure foothold. Obs. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 221 pa 3efestnede se aelmihti god ]>a nigen angle waerod. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 57 pe holie man is ned pat he [? insert bie] festned on his holinesse. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 2011 To festnin ham in treowe bileaue. a 1300 E. E. Psalter xcii[i]. 1 He festned werld of erthe al. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. C. 273 per he [Ionas] festnes pe fete. c 1340 Cursor M. 27898 (Fairf.) Alle pat euer festenis witte drunkenis scailis hit. a 1400 Prymer (1891) 38 So in syon y was fastned. 1535 Coverdale Song Sol. viii. 8 Yf she be a tower, we shal festen her with hordes of Cedre tie. — Ecclus. xl. 25 Golde and syluer fasten the fete [Vulg. est constitutio pednni\. a 1569 Kingesmyll Comf. Afflict. (1585) F iv, The faithful are fastened and confirmed therein most unfaignedly. 1643 Plain English 22 Men walking among Quagmires, know not where to fasten a foot. fb. To make sure, confirm, ratify (an agree¬ ment). Obs. a goo Charter xli. in O. E . Texts 448 Ic abba fceroefa Sis write & festnie mid kristes rodetacne. a 1000 Byrhtnoth 35 (Gr.) We willaS wiS pam golde griS faestnian. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 219 pa pe hi alle hafeden pisne red betwuxe ham ^efestnod, c 1205 Lay. 29061 5 if hit pi wille weore.. pas spechen uaestnien. a 1225 Ancr. R. 62 Ich habbe ivestned, seiS Job, foreward mid min eien. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 327 Bot my forwarde with pe I festen on pis wyse. 1382 Wyclif Jer. xxxv. 16 Fastneden therfore the sonus of Jonadab [Vulg. Firmauerunt igitur filii Ionadab ], sone of Recab, the heste of their fader, c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. xii. 80 In-to pat place, Quhare festnyd all pare Cownandis was. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 41 Matrimonie, whiche the creatour of all thynges did. .fasten and make holy. 12 . To make firm or solid; to strengthen, harden. Obs. c 1400 Lanfrands Cirurg. 52 pis medicyn fastnep pe place & defendip him fro putrefaccions. c 1440 Giraldus 1 Hist. Irel. (E. E. T. S.) 22 Lasers to dense, paralys to festnen, y-dropesie.. to helen. c 1440 Sccrees, Prose Version (E. E. T. S.) 149 Mete and drynke pat he was costomed to byfore norisshed by, & pat has festnyd his substance. 1577 B. Googe Heresbac/is Hnsb. 11. (1856) 106 The force of the aire in Winter doth fasten and make sounde the Trees. + b. intr. To become firm ; to 1 set \ Obs. 1660 England's Monarchy Freest State in World 7 How is it probable, .that any Government, .can ever subsist and fasten, without an exorbitant and all-devouring power..to uphold, .it. 1726 Leoni tr .Alberti's A rchit. 1.36 b, Buildings . .are taken with the Frost, .before ever they have fasten’d. 1730 A. Gordon Majfei's Ajnphith. 285 The rough part of them fastens very well with Mortar. + c. trans. To fortify. Obs. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 109 Edward pe Eldere fastened a castel at the Mamcestre in Norpumberlond. f 3 . To make fast (in fetters) ; to set fast, reader unable to move. Obs. a 1000 Andreas 49 (Gr.) Hie pam hal&an pser handa Sebundon and ffestnodon. a 1300 E. E. Psalter lxviii. 3 [lxix. 2], I am festened in slime depe. 1632 Lithgow Trav. v. 223 Such, .deep carouses of wine that both hee and I were almost fastned in the last plunge of understanding. b. intr. To become fast or unable to move. 1742 Young Nt. Th. vi. 397 We leap at stars, and fasten in the mud. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. x. (1856) 71 We fastened in the ice. 4 . trans. To make fast to something else; to attach, more or less securely, by a tie or bond of any kind. Const, to, occas. on, ttpon ; also with advbs. on ,• together, up. Formerly often, now rarely, with immaterial object. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 121 Mid irenen neilen he wes on pere rode ifestned. c 1200 Vices fy Virtues (1888) 95 To hire bieS ifastned alle Se raftres of Se hali mihtes. a 1225 St. Marker. 19 Festne wiS fulht mi sawle to pe seoluen. 1340 Ayenb. 221 Hy byep y-uestned to-gidere be spoushod. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. iv. iii. (1495)82 Moysture.. fastnyth the partyes togider. c 1400 Dcstr. Troy 2849 pai.. festonit the flete. c 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 3498 Hevenly thinges and erthly hym liked eft festyn to gidere. 1483 Act 1 Rich. Ill, c. 8 Preamb., Dyers..upon the Lists of the same Clothes festen and sowe great Risshes. 1552 Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884) 77 Samekil is the lufe of God & our nychbour fessinit and linkit togiddir. 1590 Shaks. Com. Err . 1. i. £6 My wife and I, Fastned our selues at eyther end the mast. 1662 J. Davies tr. Alandelslo's Trav. E. Ind. 10 To fasten and cement them together. 1696 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. I. 497 Men that are fastned to the Country by visible estates. 1759 tr. Adanson's Voy. Senegal 74 When they saw it [my hair], really fastened to my head. 1796 Jane Austen Pride $ Prej. (1885) II. v. 185 The cnaise arrived, the trunks were fastened on. 1837 Dickens FASTEN. 90 FASTENS-TUESDAY. Pick w. iv, Fastened up behind the barouche was a hamper. 1840 E. Howard Jack Ashore III. xv, He consented to be again fastened up, but he walked about as much as the limits of his chain would permit. 1849 James Woodman vii, The visitor proceeded to fasten his horse to a large iron hook. 1852 Motley Corr. (1889) I. v. 137 The canvas, .had been fastened on a pole. b. absol. or intr. To make one’s boat fast. In whale-fishing : To fasten to (see quot. 1820); also in indirect pass. 1700 S. L. tr. C. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 207 As soon as we could come to fasten by her [the Ship's] side. 1820 Scoresby Acr. Arctic Reg.ll. 534 Each boat ‘fastens to', or strikes a distinct fish. 1839 T. Beale Sperm Whale 46 ‘ Fastened to ’. .means, when a harpoon with a line attached is fixed in his body. Ibid. 165 The two boats that have not yet ‘ fastened ’.. give chase. 5 . a. To bind (a servant, an apprentice) by a contract or agreement {dial.) ; cf. fastening penny. f b. To join in a contract with (obs.). 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. 11. 51 In Manage..To beo fastnet with fals. 1425 Sc. Acts, 1st Pari. pas. I c. 20 pe schiref sail assigne xl dais to sic ydil men to get paim masteris, or to festyn palm to leful craftes. 1632 Lithgow Trav. viii. 353, I fastned Iohn Browne with him to accompany his returne. Mod. (Sheffield) He's a sort of a prentice, but he's not fastened. 6. To attach together the parts of (a fabric or structure). Obs. exc. Nant. 1562 Turner Baths 16 a, They that are. .not well fastened together, ought not to tarye so long in the bath. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj., Chalmerlan Air c. 27 § 2 They festen and bindes them not with lether or glew. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 11. iii. 71 Their ships are fastened not with Iron but wood, i860 Merc. Marine Mag. VII. 284 A ship fastened with yellow metal. 7 . To make fast, secure (a tie, band); to secure (an article of dress), e.g. with a clasp, pins, buttons, etc. Also, with pregnant sense, to fasten (a person) in a garment. a 1300 Cursor M. 1728 (Cott.) [Noe] he self festnid bath band and lace, c 1350 Will. Paleme 1720 Sche. .festened hire in pat fel wip ful god ponges. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa ii. 24 The corners of which mantle are. .fastened about their shoulders. 1696 tr. Du Mont's Voy. Levant 130 Breeches fasten’d with Buttons. 1727 De Foe Hist. Appar. iv. (1840) 31 No chain can bind him, but the chains fastened on him by Heaven. 1767 J. Byron Voy. round World 51 Skins, .fastened about their necks by a thong. b. To fasten off (a thread) : to fix with a knot or extra stitches. 1893 Mrs. Leach's Fancy-work Basket May 146/2 Run ribbon through holes, .and fasten it off at wrist with neat bow. 8. To make fast (a door, etc.) with a latch, bolt, etc., or (an envelope, etc.) with a seal. Hence, to fasten (a person or animal) in or out. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones viii. vi, I will fasten the door. 1764 Lloyd Rhyme 153 Colts..Clapt up and fasten’d in the pound. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xii, I have not caused this gate to be fastened. 1801 Southey Thalaba ix. xxii, Her ears are closed with wax, And her prest finger fastens them. 1819 Byron Juan 1. cxxxvi, The door was fastened. 1833 Ht. Martineau Tale of Tyne vi. 103 The lattice was not quite fastened, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xxvii. 216 The rooms were swept..the shutters fastened. 1868 Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., To fasten out, to turn the Moor-sheep to the moor for the season, excluding them for good from the enclosed land. f 9 . To close (the hands, teeth) with a grip. To fasten hold : to take hold firmly. Obs . 1530 Lyndesay Test. Papyngo 354 Fassinnyng3our fingaris faste. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. Turkie r v. xxx. 153 To the end their adversaries should fasten the lesse hold upon them. 1596 Spenser F. Q. v. iv. 15 This threasure. .well I proue..To be this maides with whom I fastned hand. 1599 Minsheu Dial. Sp. <5* Eng. (1623) 51 Two hands fastned together, alwaies hath beene a token of friendship. 1607 Topsell Serpents (1653) 750 When it once biteth and fasteneth teeth, it never letteth go. 10 . To fix or hold securely in position ; to make fast (what is loose). a 1300 Cursor M. 8223 (Cott.) Bot J?at wandis J?an had rote, J>at festind ware in erde sua fast, c 1400 Apol. Loll. 86 Festining it wi}> irne f>at it fal not. t' 1400 Lanfranc s Cirurg. 156 For to fastne \>z schuldre |?is boon rostral is putt in maner of a wegge. c 1440 Gesta Rom. i. 1 (Harl. MS.) f>is nigromancien. .fastenyd it [ymage] in j?e wall afore him. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 11. lxxxv. 264 Axen of Rosemarie burnte, doth fasten loose teeth. 1662 J. Davies Voy. Ambass. 24 A great Cross, fasten’d in a great piece of timber. 1703 Moxon Meek. Exerc. 223 Pitch the other sides to be Turned flat carefully against the Hole, .fastning them with Wax. 1821 Sheli.ey Boat on Serchio Poems (1891) 586/2 Sit at the helm—fasten this sheet. b. with immaterial object; also with inf as obj. c 1200 Ormin Ded. 219 He wollde fesstnenn swa SoJ> troww|>e i brestess. Ibid. 2441 Icc hafe fesstnedd i min }?ohht To libbenn i claennesse. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xm. 9 Freres wollen .. fastne J>e in here fraternite. c 1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 26 Fastne here in j>ee my fjou^t. 1513 More Rich. III. Wks. 45/1 Suche euyll oppinyon once fastened in mennes heartes. 1611 Shaks. Wint. T. 11. iii. 15 He .. Fasten’d, and fix’d the shame on’t in himselfe. 1683 Pennsylv. Archives I. 74 Time will, .fasten things as they are and should be. 1818 Cruise Digest 481 When once a trust is sufficiently created, it will fasten itself upon the estate. c. To fasten down : to fix (a thing) so as to prevent its rising ; fig. to fix definitely. 1731 Medley Kolben's Cape ofG. Hope I. 68, I have .. rescued the character of the Hottentots from the brutish stupidity to which it has been fastened down by all the authors. 1876 Gladstone in Contemp. Rev. June 12 To fasten down its sense, the affix ‘ Evangelical * may suffice. Mod. The lid of the box is fastened down. t d. intr. To take hold; to attach oneself; to make one’s abode. Obs. c 1400 Destr. Troy 1429 Of a sparke unaspied . .May feston vp fyre. 1590 Spenser F. Q. hi. ii. 26 The Damzell well did vew his Personage And liked well, ne further fastned not, But went her way. 1625 Fletcher & Shirley Nt.-Walker 1. i, A very pretty girl she was.. But he was too wise to fasten, a 1657 R. Loveday Lett. (1663) 258 We are here in London, where I think we shall fasten for most part of this ensuing Summer. 1742 Voung Nt. T/t. iii. 531 We .. Spring from our fetters; fasten in the skies. 111 - trans. To deliver effectively (a blow); to imprint (a kiss). Const, on. Obs. c 1500 Lancelot 850 Strokis festnit in the shelde. 1531 Elyot Gov. 1. xvi, Or he coulde fasten on the other any violent stroke. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage iv. vii. (1614) 370 A mutuall kisse.. is fastened on the cheeke. 1632 J. Hay¬ ward tr. Biondi's Eromena T70 Wee could never come once to fasten a blow on him. 1633 T. Stafford Pac. Hib. 11. xxiii. 243 I could never fasten a salley yet upon him, but with losse to myselfe. 1697 Dryden Virgil Ded. E j, Cou'd he fasten a blow, .when not suffer’d to approach. 12 . In various fig. applications of senses 4, J, 10: To fix (something) upon (a person, etc.). a. To direct (feelings, thoughts, attention, etc.) intently or keenly towards. a 1400 Prymer (1891) 53 Y schal fastne myn eyen op on \>e. c 1450 Mironr Salnacioun 793 Hire hert vpwards on heven was festined nyght & day. 1568 E. Tilney Disc. Manage B vj, If she once fasten hir eyes on a nother, he shall enjoy hir. 1603 Shaks. Meas.for M. iii. i. 203 Fasten your eare on my aduisings. 1611 Bible Luke iv. 20 The eyes of all ..were fastened on him. 1633 Bp. Hall Hard Texts 320 To.that man whose heart is fastned upon thee. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop xli, The attention of the sly little fiend was fastened upon them. 1850 Hawthorne Scarlet L. Introd. (1883) 50 My eyes fastened themselves upon the old scarlet letter. 1885 Manch. Exam. 10 July 572 A madman armed with a knife, upon whom a steady eye must be fastened. b. To fix (a nickname, imputation, etc.) on a person; to impute or attach to. 1615 Stephens Satyr. Ess. (ed. 2) 38 Thinke how little paines Doth fasten credit upon lucky straines. 1638 Wilkins New World ii. (1707) 20 Some of the Ancients have fasten'd strange Absurdities upon the Words of the Scripture. 1672 Cave Prim. Chr. 1. v. (1673) 12 To form and fasten this charge upon them. Ibid. iii. v. (1673) 368 The story., fastened upon Philip the Emperor. a 1674 Clarendon Surv. Leviath. (1676) 304 He hath not been able .. to fasten the least reproch upon them. 1722 Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) I. Pref. 18 To fasten doctrines upon them which they never approved. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 310 Those very Londoners .. now fastened on the prince, .the nickname of Butcher. + c. To induce acceptance of (a gift, etc.); to propose (a health). Obs. 1604 Shaks. Oth. 11. iii. 50 If I can fasten but one Cup vpon him. 1615 Stephens Satyr. Ess. (ed. 2) 256 If you fasten a guift upon him, his thankes bee liberall. 1632 Lithgow Trav. x. 431, I neuer saw one. .to pledge or pre¬ sent his Maiesties health ; but as many other healths as you list; they will both fasten, and receiue from you. 1673 Ray Journ. Low C. 435 We could scarce fasten any mony upon them. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 354, I did not know how to fasten a Present upon Mr. Ratcliff. d. To impose (something unwelcome) on a person. Now chiefly in To fasten a quarrel upon : to drag into a quarrel against his inclination. 1663 Dryden Wild Gallant 11. i, He.. could never fasten a quarrel upon you. 1682 Enq. Elect. Sheriffs 8 En¬ deavouring .. to fasten such a Sheriff upon them. 1718 Freethinker No. 41. 294 Divert her Malice by fastening a new Spark upon her. 1797 Godwin Enquirer 1. vi. 36 No practice .. fastened upon us by decrees and penal¬ ties. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 325 The.. Mac¬ donalds. .fastened a succession of quarrels on the people of Inverness. 1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. v. (1889) 36 He. .had fastened himself upon him. 13 . intr. To fasten on, upon : fa. to obtain a firm hold upon, become fixed on {obs.) ; b. to seize on, lay hold of; to single out for attack or censure ; to avail oneself eagerly of (a pretext, etc.). a 1225 Leg. Kath. 1180 O godd .. ne mei nan uuel festnin. c 1230 Hali Meid. 15 pe fiends arrow .. ne wundeS pe nawt bute hit festni ope. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. II. 783 No colour could fasten upon these matters. 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. 11. ii. 175, I will fasten on this sleeve of thine. 1607 Rowlands Famous Hist. 48 Experience often hath.. taught, that when advantage I do see, To fasten on occasion and begin. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. xl. (1739) 60 Yet could not that custom fasten upon the Saxons. 1662 J. Davies Voy. Ambass. 57 They break down the houses adjoyning .. that it [fire] may not fasten on other more solid structures. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 230 An English Mastiff, .had the Impudence to fasten upon my Rival by the Arm. 1844 Thirlwall Greece VIII. 389 The senate . .viewed Perseus as a prey, on which it resolved to fasten. 1844 Stanley Arnold (1858) I. ii. 25 One object on which our., imaginations may fasten. 1847 L. Hunt Men, Women , 7ins, Heav. Beaut. 289 They., in their fastened mynd All happie ioy and full contentment fynd. 1605 Shaks. Lear 11. i. 79 O strange and fastned Villaine. + 2 . Rendered firm in consistency. Obs. 1625 Hart Anat. Ur. 1. ii. 23 The which [excrement] being, .somewhat fastened or stiffs, 3 . Fixed or bolted together. In comb., as copper iron fastened (see the sbs.). 1803 R. Pering in Naval Chron. XV. 60 Iron-fastened ships, i860 Merc. Marine Mag. VII. 284 The copper- fastened vessel will obtain the best rate. Fastener (fcrs’noj). [f. as prec. + -ER b] 1 . One who fastens or makes fast. x 755 in Johnson. 1798 Jane Austen Northang. Abb . (1838) II. vii. 142 The possibility pf the door’s having been at first unlocked, and she herself its fastener. 2 . That which serves to fasten anything. 1792 Mary Wollstonecr. Rights Worn. iv. 151 Indi¬ viduality of character, the only fastener of the affections. 1874 W. Crookes Dyeing <$■ Calico-printing 323 The modi¬ fied Gallipoli oil acts, .as fastener of the red lake. 1884 Birm . Weekly Post 15 Nov. 3/7 The fastener [of a trap-door] was not properly adjusted. 1892 Law Times' Rep. LXVII. 163/1 Small hooks or fasteners on the metal busks of the corsets. f 3 . One who fastens on something. Obs. 1628 Earle Microcosm ., Plain country Fellow (Arb.) 49 He is a terrible fastner on a piece of Beefe. F 4 . slang. A warrant for arrest. Obs. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Fastner, c. a Warrant. 1785 in Grose Diet. Vulg. To?igue. Fastening (fers’nig), vbl. sb . [f. as prec. + -ING 1 .] 1 . The action of the vb. Fasten in various senses. a 1400 Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. 8 Matrymoyne ..es lawefull festynnynge be-twyx man and woman. 1605 Timme Quersit. 111. 192 Of all fastnings or closing up of glasses.. the seale of H ermes is most noble. 1691 T. H[ale] Acc. New I?ivent. 24 Firm and unwasted as at their first fastening. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 244 The fastening of the circle of stones .. upon their respective cubes. 1850 W. B. Clarke Wreck E'avorite 33 There is no fastening of the shaft or stock into the socket. b. at t rib . Fastening penny { dial.) : a small sum of money paid on hiring a servant, to secure the agreement. Cf. F asten v. 5. 1872 Gentl. Mag. Nov. 578 A bargain was struck, and con¬ sidered thoroughly binding by the acceptance on the part of the servant of what was called ‘ the fastening penny ’. + 2 . The condition of being fastened; a. of being set on a firm basis, b. hi faslening= in prison. a 1340 Ham pole Psalter 502 Thorgh whaim of»ere ere broght til stabilnes & festyngynge. 1375 Barbour Bruce xv. 309 He [Iohn of Lorn] wes lang tyme in festnyng. 3 . concr . That which fastens or makes secure ; that which connects one person or thing with another, or secures (a person or thing) in position ; + that which confirms or establishes. ci 175 Lajnb. Horn. 67 ]?os ilke bode wisliche \>ing of o 5 re is ful festning. a 1340 Hampole Psalterxvii[\]. 1 Lord my festynynge. 1480 Caxton Chro7i. Eng. cxlvii. 126 The chirch dores were shytte with keyes and with other fastn- ynge. 1611 Bible Hab. ii. 11 The stone shall crie out of the wall, and the beame [marg. note fastening] out of the timber shall answere it. 1769 Public Advertiser 18 May 3/4 Brass Sash Fastenings. 1850 Prescott Peru II. 340 Pizarro, unable .. to adjust the fastenings of his cuirass, threw it away. 1869 C. Gibbon R. Gray v, Crummie was not likely to break from her fastenings. 1885 Law Reports 15 Q. Bench Div. 316 A bar .. was kept in its position by means of a fastening. fig. 1633 G. Herbert Temple, Confession iv, Smooth open hearts no fastning have. Fastening, ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing 2 .] That fastens, in various senses of the vb. 1621 S. Ward Happin. Practice (1627) 1 The fastening Nayle of the chiefe Master of the Assemblies. 1821 Byron Cain 1. i, In his eye There is a fastening attraction. 1828-40 Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) II 221 His tent .. was of silk ; the fastening chains were richly gilt. 1865 Swin¬ burne Atalanta 970, I shall have .. no face of children born Or feeding lips upon me or fastening eyes For ever. Fastenment (fcrs’nment). dial . [f. as prec. + -ment.] A fastening of any kind. 1877 Auctioneer's Catal. (Church Stretton) Door-fasten- ments. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk ., ‘ Put a fas’nment o’ the brew-’us door.’ Fastens. Also 7 fastins. [short for next.] 1616 Chron. Snalhcnse in Jrnl. Statist. Soc. XXI. 413 To be paid betwixt Candlemas and Ffastins. 1876 Mid- Yorkslt. Gloss., Fastens , Shrovetide. Fastens-een, -eve, -even. Sc. and north, dial. Also 4 fast(e)ryn gs-, 5-6 fasteringis-, 6 fasterns-, -trin-, -tron-, 8 fasten-, 8-9 fast- ing(s-, 9 fasterns-. [f. OiL.fsestenes, gen. of fasten Fasten sb. + Even or Eve.] The eve of or day before the fast (of Lent) ; Shrove-Tuesday. *375 Barbour Bruce x. 372 On the fasteryn evyn rycht In the begynyiing of the nycht. 1496 Ld. Treas. Accts. Scot. (1877) I. 319 The vij day of Februare was Fasteringis evin. 1565 in Picton IT pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 35 Fasten’s eve or Shrovetide. 1674-91 Ray N. C. Words, Fastens-Een or Even, c 1750 J. Collier (Tim Bobbin) La7ic. Dialect Wks. (1862) 68 Feersuns een, on it matter’t naw mitch. 1780 M. Lonsdale 77 /’ Upshot ii. in Jollies Sketch of Cnvtberlaiid Ma7i7iers (1811) 5 An upshot lang an’ sair To keep up fassen’s-even. 1785 Burns Ep. to J. Lapraik 7 On fasten-een we had a rockin. 1834 H. Miller Scenes «$• Leg. xxviii. (1857) 4*6 On Fasten’s-eve, — the Schoolmaster .. would call on the boys to divide, and choose for themselves 4 Head-stocks’. Fasten(s)-Tuesday. Also 9 dial, fassans, -ens. [see prec.] =prec. 1585 Nottingham Rec. (1889) IV. 211 Betwene thys and Fastens Tuysdaye nexte cummyng. 1858 C. B. Robinson Jrnl. Statist. Soc. XXI. 413 Shrove Tuesday being called Fastins Tuesday. 1877 Holder7iess Gloss., Fassans-tuesda , Shrove Tuesday. FASTER. 91 FASTING-DAY. Faster (fcrstsr). Also 5 fastare. [f. Fast v. + -kb 1.] Otje who fasts or abstains from food. a 1300 Cursor M. 27684 (Colt.) [pis] man es gret faster. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 151/1 Fastare, jejunator, jcjunatrix. a 1450 Knt. de la Tour 13 It is a blessed thinge to faste, for the more harme it doth the faster, the more is the merit. 1560 Becon Treat. Tasting 79 b, A certayne monke .. was counted the greatest and deuoutest faster in all those quaters. 1662 Gunning Lent Fast 199 Such fasters I cannot better resemble, then to the ancient blood-thirsty Tyrants. 1712 Swift Jml. Stella 16 Jan., This being fast day, Dr. Freind and I went into the city to dine late, like good fasters. 1807 Milner Martyrs 1. ii. 58 note, A man .. of a strict life and a great faster. 1880 Daily News 27 July 5/5 The faster’s condition physically during the day was remarkably encouraging. t Fast-gong. Obs. [f. Fast sb. + ME. gong, act of going, see Gang.] Shrove-Tuesday; = Fastingong. Also allrib. in fastgong-tide (spelt after Norfolk pronunciation fasguntide ), Shrove¬ tide. c 1440 Prornp. Parv. 151/1 Fast gonge, or schroffetyde, or gowtyde, carnipriyium. 1674-81 Blount Glossogr., Fasguntide or Fastingtide, Shrovetide, so called in Norfolk, being the time when the Fast of Lent begins. II Fasti (fce’stai). [Lat .fasti, pi. of fastus {dies) a * lawful ’ day, a day on which the courts sat: hence as under.] a. Rom. Ant. A calendar or calendars, indicat¬ ing the lawful days for legal business, and also the festivals, games, anniversaries of historical events, etc., connected with each day of the year. Con¬ sular fasti (L. fasti consulares): the register of the events occurring during the official year of a pair of consuls ; the series of such registers, b. transf. A chronological register of events; annals, chrono¬ logical tables or lists of office-holders. 1611 B. Jonson Catiline v. iv, Let it [this dayj be added to our Fasti. ^1670 Hacket Alp. Williams 1. § 26 (1693) 20 Like Consuls that acted nothing, and were useful for nothing but to have the Fasti known by their Names. 1691 Wood {title), Athene Oxonienses . .To which are added the Fasti or Annals, of the said University. 1734 E. Corsini {title). Fasti of the Archons of Athens. 1786 Han. More Florio 967 Still, in Life’s Fasti, you presume Eternal holidays will come. 1814 Edin. Rev. XXIV. 245 A country [the U. S. ].. whose fasti are consecrated to record our cruelties and defeats. 1880 C. T. Newton Art 4* Archxol. 15 Roman coins are not Fasti .. yet the labour of numismatists has made [them] almost the best authority for the chronology of the Roman empire. t Fasti'diate, V. Obs. rare. [f. L. fastidium (see next) -+■ ate.] trans. To feel a disgust for, loathe. 1618 Sir S. D’Ewes Autobiog. I. (1845) vii. 106 Bury school .. I began to fastidiate, and be weary of the sweet and happy life I there led. t Fastidie- Obs. rare. [a. OF. fasti die, ad. L. fastidium in same senses.] a. Pride, haughtiness, b. Scorn, disdain. 1536 E. Harvel in Ellis Orig. Lett . 11. 118 II. 77 My minde enclinith. .to. .give ope the worldly fastidie to them oui ambiunt honores. 1538 in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. App. lxxxiii. 218 Which when it [the general council] shal take effect.. must needs* make him great dishonor, great fastidie. + Fastidiose, a. Obs.—° = Fastidious. 1727-36 in Bailey. 1775 in Ash, Fastidiosity. rare— 1 . [f. L. fastidids-us (see Fastidious) + -ity.] Fastidiousness. (In quot. humorously pedantic.) 1704 Swift T. Tub v. (1750) 74 His epidemical Diseases being Fastidiosity, Amorphy and oscitation. 1775 in Ash. Fastidious (fsesti*di 9 s),tf. [ad. L. fastidids-us , f. fastidium loathing: see -ous. Cf. Fr. fasti- diettx.'] + 1. That creates disgust; disagreeable, distaste¬ ful, unpleasant, wearisome. Obs. 1531 ElyotU^t'. 1. i.Xj That thinge for the whiche children be often tymes beaten is to them, .fastidious. 1582 Hester Seer. Phiorav. 11. xxiii. 102 A fastidious Ulcer. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. $ Commw. 193 A fastidious and irksome companion. a 1677 Barrow Serm. Wisdom in Beauties of B.{ 1846)9 Folly is. .fastidious to society, a 1734 North Lives II. 399 His partner, whose usage was .. fas¬ tidious to him. t 2. a. That feels or is full of disgust; disgusted. I 534 More On the Passion Wks. 1312/1 Hee hadde of theym so muche, that he was full thereof, fastidious and wery. 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 81 All desire of Change and Novelty, argues a Fastidious Satiety. fb. Full of pride; disdainful; scornful. Obs. c 1440 Foundation Barts Hosp. (E. E. T. S.) 15 A lament¬ able querell, expressynge .. whate fastidious owtbrekyngys hadde temptid hym. 1623-6 Cockeram, Fastidious , dis¬ dainful!. proud. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1638) 189 Regardlesse of the rodomantadoes of the fastidious Pagan. 1631 B. Jonson New Inn, Ode 7 Their fastidious vaine Commission of the braine. 1744 Young Night Thoughts vi. 551 Proud youth ! fastidious of the lower world. 1791 Boswell Johnson (1816) II. 277 (an. 1773) We see the Rambler with fastidious smile Mark the lone tree. 1796 C. Marshall Garden, xxii. (1813) 447 Those who have much practical skill, .slight what is written upon subjects of their profession, which is a fastidious temper. F c. transf. Of things: 1 Proud ’, magnificent. 1638 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 62 One of them [Courts] fastidious in foure hundred porphirian pillars. Ibid. 102 Temples of Idolatry .. once lofty in fastidious Turrets. 3. Easily disgusted, squeamish, over-nice; diffi¬ cult to please with regard to matters of taste or propriety. 1612-5 Bp. Hall Contempt., O. T. xix. x, A fastidious choice of the best commodities. 1647 Ward Simp. Coblcr 7, I hold him prudent, that in these fastidious times, will elpe disedged appetites with convenient condiments. 1691 Ray Creation Pref. (1704) 7 Fastidious Readers. 1784 Cowper Task 1. 513 The weary sight, Too well acquainted with their smiles, slides off Fastidious. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 266 People whom the habit of seeing magnificent buildings, .had made fastidious. 1853 Trench Proverbs 3 A fastidious age .. and one of false re¬ finement. 1865 Livingstone Zambesi xvii. 342 Though being far from fastidious, refused to eat it. 1877 Black Green Past. xlii. (1878)338 The society, .was not at all fas¬ tidious in its language. Fastidiously (fsestrdissli), adv. [f. as prec. + -ly 2 .] In a fastidious manner; + disdainfully ; squeamishly, with excessive scrupulousness of taste. 1624 Gataker Transubst. 42 Fastidiously and childishly ..full of Logicke rules. 1654 Hammond Acc. Cowdrey’s Triplex Diatribes. § 17 Discriminating themselves proudly and fastidiously from other men. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 33 The legislature, .fastidiously rejected the fair and abundant choice .. presented to them. 1841 D’Israeli Amen. Lit. (1867) 128 Critics fastidiously rejecting what they deem the antiquated. 1880 Disraeli Endym. I. xxi. 193 A couple of grooms, who sat with, .unmoved countenances, fastidiously stolid amid all the fun. Fastidiousness (faesti’diasnes). [f. as prec. + -NESS.] The quality of being fastidious. +1. Loathing, disgust. Obs. 1533 Elyot Cast. TIelthe (1541) 28b, Sowthistle.. causeth fastidiousness or lothsomnesse of the stomake. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 267/2 Excepte it .. get a fas- tidiousnes therof [pappe]. 1632 Lithgow Trav. x. 425 After I had. .escaped infinite dangers, .excessive fastidious- nesse, unspeakable adversities. 1807 Coxe Austria I. 67 Rhodolph observing their fastidiousness, rose from table. + 2. Disdainfulness, haughtiness, pride. Obs. 1613 R. C. Table Alph. (ed. 3) Fastidiousnesse, disdain- fulnesse. 1649 Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. 111. § 14. 52 He reproved the fastidiousnesse of the Pharisee. o. Disposition to be easily disgusted ; squeamish¬ ness ; over-niceness in matters of taste or pro¬ priety. 1661 Boyle Style of Script. 202 More Discerning Times.. will Repair the Omissions and Fastidiousnesse of thePresent. 1784 J- Barry Led. Art vi. (1848) 207 Fastidiousness, and a useless and too critical nicety, may be expected to increase. 1824 Dibdin Libr. Comp. 745 The fastidiousness of criticism may object to the frequent repetition. 1869 J. Martineau Ess. II. 98 Any nice inquiry, .would be a misplaced fastidi¬ ousness. Fastidium (fiesti'dimn). rare. [a. L. fasti¬ dium ; see Fastidie.] Disgust; ‘ ennui a 1734 North Lives I. 159 The fastidium, upon this occa¬ sion contracted, .diverted his mind from .. such projects. 1885 Mrs. H. Ward tr. AmieVs Jml. (1889) 277 How is fastidium to be avoided ? + Fa*stigate, v. 06 s.— 0 [f. L. fastTgdt - ppl. stem of L .fastig-dre to make pointed.] a. trans. To make pointed, b. intr. To become pointed. 1623-6 in Cockeram ; 1656 in Blount Glossogr .; 1732 in Coles. Fastigiate (fsesti-dgiiiTt), a. [f. L .fastTgi-um summit of a gable, top, vertex + -ate 2 . Cf. F. fastigiS .] 1. Sloping up or tapering to a point like a cone or pyramid, fa. of a hill = FASTiGiATED. Obs. 1662 Ray Three Ttin. ii. (Ray Soc.) 148 That noted hill.. the top whereof is fastigiate like a sugar loaf. b. Bot. Having flowers or branches whose ex¬ tremities form a tapering or cone-like outline. 1835 Lindley Introd. Bot. (1848) II. 382. 1836 Penny Cycl. V. 252 Fastigiate, when the branches of any plant are pressed close to the main stem, as in the Lombardy poplar. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 349 Taxus fastigiata. .(Irish or Florence-court yew) is a fastigiate variety. c. Entom . Of the elytra : Tapering to a point. 1848 in Maunder Treas. Nat. Hist. Gloss. 2. t a. Bot. Formerly applied (after F. fastigie') in the sense ‘ having a horizontal surface at the top ’, as in an umbel or corymb. Obs. [The use app. originated in a misunderstanding, the L. fastigium being interpreted as ‘ roof’.] 1793 i n Martyn Lang. Bot. s. v. 1794 — Rousseau's Bot. xxviii. 445 The latter tree, .having a fastigiate, or Hat top. i860 in Mayne Expos. Lex. s. v. b. Hence, of a zoophyte : = Corymbed. 1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 175 Mussa fastigiata. Fasti¬ giate : disks usually nearly circular. Hence Fastiglately adv. 1840 Paxton Bot. Did., Fastigiately-branched, the branches becoming gradually shorter from the base to the apex. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. Fastigiate (fsestrdgi|e. .bi his eadi festunge i}?e wildernesse. C1250 Old Kent. Serm. in O. E. Misc. (1872) 28 Si mirre signefiet uastinge. 1340 Ayenb. 33 Be uestinges and be wakinges. 1480 Caxton Citron. Eng. ccix. 191 He was so feble for his moch fastyng that he was dede almost. 1579 Fulke Heskins' Pari. 530 Although fasting for merite bee iustly punishable by statute. 1642 Fuller Holy <$- Prof. St. v. viii. 388 Even fasting it self is meat and drink to him. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop viii, Corporal punishment, fasting, and other tortures and terrors. 1873 W. K. Sullivan O'Curry's And. Irish I. Introd. 283 A Trosca or fasting was made by the plaintiff going to the defendant’s house, and remaining there for a certain time., before making his distress. 12 . A season of abstinence from food, a fast. 1382 Wyclif Acts xxvii. 9 And whanne now seylingewas not sykir, for that fasting passide, Poul coumfortide hem. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. ix. iii. (1495) 347 The fastynge of springynge tyme is the fyrst weke of Lente. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour A vj b, The fastynges that she had kept. 1656 Artif Handsom. 81 He bids the Jewes, even in their fastings, to use it. 3 . attrib. , as fas ting-weeds ; fasting-spittle, the saliva that is in the mouth before one’s fast is broken. Also Fasting-day. 1460-70 Bk. Quintessence 19 Mortifie it wij? fastynge spotil. 1607 Topsell Serpents (1653) 607 if the fasting spittle of a Man fall into the jaws of a Serpent, he certainly dyeth thereof. 1648 Herrick Hesper. Fairie Temple 104 Their Holy Oyle, their Fasting-Spittle, Their sacred Salt. 1654 Trapp Comm. Esther v. 1 She laid aside her fasting- weeds, and put on her best. 1818 Art Preserv. Feet 146 Rubbing them with fasting spittle. Fasting fferstig), ppl. a. [f. as prec. +-ing 2.] That fasts, lit. and fig. c 1440 Promp. Pa>~u. 151 Fastynge, jejunus , impransus. c 1470 Henry Wallace v. 1034 For fastand folk to dyne gud tym war now. 1525 Ld. Berners Eroiss. II. ccxli. [ccxxxviii.] 745 Sir, are ye fastynge? a 1592 H. Smith Serm. (1866) II. 213 Yet doth the non-resident keep his benefice fasting. 1595 Shaks. John in. i. 260 A fasting Tyger. 1847 Emerson Poems, Initial Love Wks. (Bohn) I. 456 Inquisitive, and fierce, and fasting. Hence + Fastingly adv., in a fasting manner, abstemiously, sparingly. Obs. C1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 667 Furst speke..For frutes a-fore mete to ete bem fastyngely. 1566 Drant Horace Sat. vi. H viij b, My frende why lyke you still To lyve in countrye fastynglye uppon a craggie hill ? 1616 Beaum. & Fl. Wit without Money iv. v, You shall .. not dine neither, but fastingly. Fa’sting-day. [f. Fasting vbl. sb. + Day. Cf. fasten-aay l\ = Fast-day. a 1300 Cursor M. 29056 (Cotton Galba) pe thing pat }?ou biself suld ett if it no fasting day pan ware. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. ix. iii. (1495) 347 In eche of thise foure tymes ben thre fastynge dayes. 1x430 Two Cookery-bks. 17 Do it in fastyng dayis & serue it forth. 1552 Bk. Com. Prayer Communion, Any holye dayes or fasting daies. 1656 Trapp Comm. 1 Cor. vii. 5 Fasting-days are soul-fatting days, a 1711 Ken Man. of Prayers Wks. (1838) 424 All the fasting I advise you to, is only to some fasting-day. 1850 A. J. Stephens Bk. Com. Prayer II. 1150 Notice .. of the fasting days, .is commonly neglected. 12-2 FASTINGONG. FAT, 92 + Fastingong. Obs. Forms : 4-6 fastyn- gong(e, (5 fastyngon), 5 fastyngange. Also, corruptly, 6 festigam. [? i.fastin var. of Fasten sb. +gong, Gang, going.] Shhove Tuesday. Also Fastingong Eve, Fastin-gong Tuesday. 1389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 69 Y° sonneday next after Fastyngonge. ci 442 in iilornctield /list. Norfolk II.111 John GIadman..on Tuesday in the last ende of Criste- messe viz. Fastyngonge Tuesday made a Disport with hys Neyghbours .. coronned as Kyng of Crestemesse. c 1470 Harding Chron. ccxxxvii. ii, Southward came thei.. vpon the fastyngange eue. 1477 Sir J. Paston in Lett. No. 786 III. 174 Wretyn at London, .the Fryday a for Fastyn- gong. 1530 Palsgr. 804/1 At Fastyngonge, a Quaresme prennant. Hence Fastingong Sunday = Shrove Sunday. 1450 Paston Lett. No. 78 I. no All the tenawntes ben chargyd to pay al her rent, .be Fastyngong Sonday. 1541 R. Barnes Workes (1573) 222/2 The Thurseday before Festigam Sonday. Fastish. (ferstij), a. [f. Fast a. + -isii.] Some¬ what fast. 1854 S. Phillips Ess.fr. Times Ser. II. 330 A short, stout, empty, good-natured, and over-dressed—in other words a ‘ fastish ’ young man. 1873 Miss Braddon Sir. 4- Pilgr. 11. ii. 167 Fastish noblemen. 1884 Lillywkite's Cricket Ann. 115 A useful bowler, fastish as a rule. Fastland. [f. as prec. + Land ; after Ger. festland .] The mainland, as distinguished from islands ; the continent. 1883 Chamb. Jml. 524 The irregular banks of these islands shielded them from all outlook from the fastland. + Fastlings, adv. Sc. Obs. rare— l . [f. Fast adv. + -ling with advb. genitive -j.] ? Almost, nearly. (Cf. Fast adv. 4 b.) a 1600 A. Scott May iv. Now all sic game is fastlings gone But gif it be amangs clovin Robbyns. Fastly fcrstli), adv. arch. [f. Fast a. + -ly 2 . Now replaced by Fast adv.] + 1. In a fixed or steady manner. Obs. c 888 K. Alfred BoetJi . xxxix. § 7 Sio nafa .. ferp micle faestlicor. .Sonne pa fel^an. a 1225 Ancr. R. 234 pet tuper- efter pe wisluker wite him, hwon pu hauest ikeiht him : & te uestluker holde. 1340 Ayenb. 166 Hit be-houep pet he hym hyealde vestliche ine his wylle. 1549 62 Sternhold & H. Ps. xxiv. 2 For he hath fastly founded it aboue the sea to stand. f 2 . Firmly, unwaveringly, steadfastly; with confidence. Obs. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 115 He seal, .festliche winnan wi 5 onsi^endne here, c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 77 Cumen festliche to ure saule leche and unhelen him ure saule wundes. c 1205 Lay. 13000 Imong pan eorlen he stod & fastliche hit wiS-soc. C1350 Prose Psalter 196 pe which bot if ich man haue bileued trewlich & fastelicn. c 1440 Hylton Scala Per/. (W. de W. 1494) in. xiii, Put forth fastely all thy good dedes to hym in as moche as they be good. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. II. 766 The Lord Hastinges. .perswaded the lords to beleve that the Duke of Glocester was sure & fastly faithfull to his prince. 1581 Marbeck Bk. of Notes 306 Faith, that fastlie beleeveth sinnes to be forgiven freelie by Christ. fb. Without intermission or cessation. Obs. 971 Blickl. Horn. 47 Gif pa lareowas pis nellap faestlice Godes folce bebeodan. a 1000 Cleric Judg. iv. 24 His faestlice weoxon. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 237 Of pe folce we sigge 5 pat hit cump fastlice. + 3 . Closely, securely. Obs . c 1050 Lat. Sf A. S. Glosses in Wr.-Wiilcker 354 Artius , festlicor. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 90 Cleue to his mercy & goodnes the more fastly. 1591 Sylvester Du B artas 1. v. (1641) 42/2 A score of Anchors held her fastly bound. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. m. xxv. 174 At the first littering their eyes are fastly closed. 1800 Epist. to Sir IV. Farquhar in Spirit Publ. Jrnls. (1801) IV. 175 Men, who love their places..And fastly hold them with unblushing faces. 1817 J. Scott Paris Revisit, (ed. 4) 305 Their desires might bind them fastly to the Imperial cause. 4 . Quickly, rapidly, speedily; hence, readily. Now rare . c 1205 Lay. 27774 For 5 heo gunnen fusen .. & fastliche heom to bu^en. 1597 Shaks. Lover's Compi. 61 Towards this afflicted fancy fastly drew, c 1645 T. Tully Siege 0/ Carlisle (1840) 13 Seeing them come fastly to her house. a 1806 K. White Rem. II. 84 The sand of life Ebbs fastly to its finish. 1859 Cornwallis New World I. 207 The life of the child was fastly on the wane. Fastness (ferstnes). [f. as prec. + -NESS.] I. The quality or state of being fast. 1 . The quality or state of being firmly fixed ; fixedness, stability. + Also, firm attachment. c 888 K. TElfred Boeth. xxxii. § 2 Behealdap nu .. 8a festnesse.. pisses heofenes. 2340 Ayenb. 107 pet no ping bet mo3e beualle ne mo3e ous ondo of pe ilke uestnesse ne of pise grace, c 1400 Lanjranc's Cirurg. 49 If pat ilke pece have no fastnes to pe hool boon do pat pece awey. a 1400-50 Alexander 3259 (Dubl.) Suld not be funde in hym fastnes. 1523 Fitzherb. Hash. § 139 The wynde is lykely to blowe it besyde the heed, for it hath no fastnes in the wode. 1603 Florio Montaigne 1. ix. (1632) 16 Falsehood, which therein can have no such footing or setled fastnesse. 1677 Gilpin Dxmonol. (1867) 429 His words be so far from the fastness of nails that they shall be as wind. 1886 E. Knecht tr. Benedict's Coal Tar Colours in. 201 Shades, .characterised by their extreme fastness. t b. Fidelity, loyalty, firm adherence. Const, to. ci 577 Stanyhurst Epitaph Baron 0/ Louth (Arb.l 151 Thee fastnesse of foster brotherhod. 1648 Symmons Find. Chas. I , 331 Your tender care, and constant fastness to our Soveraign. + 2 . Close alliance. Obs. rare, a 1631 Sir R. Cotton Advice in Rushw. Hist. Coll. I. 471 Nothing can prevent the Spanish Monarchy, but a Fastness of those two Princes. 13 . The quality or state of being compact or close; density, solidity. Also of style: Concise¬ ness, pithiness. Obs. 1555 Fardle Facions 1. ii. 30 This earth then brought by y heate of the sonne into a more fastenesse. a 1568 Ascham Scholcm. (Arb.) 114 To bring his style, from all lowse gros- nesse, to soch firme fastnes in latin, as is in Demosthenes in Greeke. 1621 Ainsworth Annot. Ps. xix. 11 Solid gold, called Paz, which hath the name of strength, fastnesse, or solidity. 1660 Sharrock Vegetables 17 They think to hinder their quick descent by the fastness of the ground. 1666 J. Smith Old Age (1752) 103 The fastness and fulness of the flesh. 1673-4 Grew Anat. Trunks 11. vii. § 4 Its Fastness [depending] on the closeness of the true Wood, f 4 . Capacity for gripping tightly or retaining; tenacity, retentiveness. Obs. 1552 Huloet, Fastnes, tenacia, tenacitas. 1581 Mul* caster Positions v. (1887) 27 We finde also in them [child¬ ren], as a quickenes to take, so a fastnesse to retaine. + 5 . Security from invasion, difficulty of access; safety, strength. Obs. Cf. 9. 1596 Stenser F. Q. v. x. 18 To those fennes for fastnesse she did fly. 1600 Dymmok Ireland (1843)23 It is very hard to hurt him, by reason of the fastnes of his cuntry. 1657 Dryden Virg. FEneid ix. 940 The Foes had left the fastness of their Place. 6. Rapidity, swiftness. a 1642 Sir W. Monson Navccl Tracts iv. (1704) 452/1 Our..Ships have, .advantage, .by reason of their Fastness by a Wind. 1727-36 Bailey, Fastness, swiftness. 1871 Sir H. Holland Recoil. (1872) 268 The increased fastness of living, incident to all classes and occupations of men. 7 . *Of persons: The quality of being ‘fast* in manners, talk, or mode of living. Cf. Fast a. 10. 1859 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. III. 1 There is a growing taste for fastness. 1863 Lond. Rev. 31 Jan. 126/1 Her fastness is more impulsive and less calculating, very much the result merely of animal spirits and impatience of restraint. 1881 C. New Serin. 101 Fastness is not manliness, but emptiness and weakness. 1889 H. James London Life xi. 211 Putting an appearance of ‘ fastness * upon her. II. Concrete senses. + 8. That which fastens or keeps fast. a. Sup¬ port, help. b. A fastening. Obs. a. 1382 Wyclif Ps. xxiv. [xxv.] 14 Fastnesse is the Lord to men dredende hym. a 1400 Pryiner (1891) 109 Oure lord is a fastnesse to hem that dredith hym. b. 1676 Worlidge Cyder (1691) 117 Weights of. .lead, with rings, cords or other fastnesses to them. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word.-bh., 1 That theer bull’s bin ’ilin the dur o’ ’is place, an’ bruk the fas’ness.’ 9 . A place not easily forced; a stronghold, fortress. c 1000 TElfric Gram. ix. § 12 (Z .) 41 Mnnimen.. faestnys. 1586 J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinshed II. 157 They . .ouertooke them at a fastenes fast by the woods side. 1650 Cromwell Let. 30 July (Carlyle), They would rather tempt us to attempt them in their fastness. 1748 Anson's Voy. 11. i. 121 Separate herds .. which inhabit distinct fastnesses. 1844 H. H. Wilson Brit. India. III. 341 A strong and almost inaccessible fastness at Bandi. Jig. 1864 Lowell Fireside Trav. 200 In the impregnable fastness of his great rich nature he [the Roman] defies us. t Fa*strede, ct. Obs. rare. In 1 feestrsed, 3 fastrede. [OE. fxstraed, f. fsest, Fast a. 4- rid purpose.] Firm in purpose, inflexible, steadfast. Beo7uulf6io Gehyrde on Beowulfe folces hyrde festrsedne fcepoht. c888 K. Alfred Boeth. xix, Se wisa & festraeda Cato, a 1250 Owl <5* Night. 211 He is nu ripe and fast¬ rede Ne lust him nu to none unrede. 1 ' Fasts, sb. pi. Obs. rare. [Anglicized form of Fasti; cf. F.fastes .] Annals, records. 1705 Phil. Trans. XXV. 2019 Two Ages after the same Fasts were compos’d by King Atlas. t Fa’stship. Obs. rai'e. [f. Fast a. -f -ship.] The quality of gripping tightly ; parsimony. a 1225 Ancr. R. 202 Simonie : Gauel : Oker : Uestschipe of 3eoue, o< 5 er of lone. Ibid. 276 Vestschipe salue [is] ureo heorte. t Fa'stuose, a. Obs.—° [ad. L. fasiuds-us : see Fastuous.] =Fastuous. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. t Fastuo’sity. Obs. [f. L. fastuds-us (see Fastuous) + -ITT.] The quality of being fastuous; haughtiness, ostentation, pomposity. 1656 81 in Blount Glossogr. 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 1. i. § 45. 53 That new Modle of Ethicks, which hath been obtruded upon the World with so much Fastuosity. 1680 H. More Apocal. Apoc. 25 The excessive pride and fastuosity of the Idolatrous Hierarchy. 1685 — Illusir. Dan. xi. 45 Either a solid Greatness, .ora tumid Fastuosity and affected Greatness. 1730-6 in Bailey (folio). Fastuous (fcrsti«|9s), a. Now rare. [ad. L. fastuds-tis , f. fastus haughtiness, arrogance : see -ous. Cf. F.fastueux.] Haughty, arrogant, pre¬ tentious, ostentatious. a 1638 Mede Paraphr. 2 Pet. iii. 3 Wks. 1672 ill. 616 That supposed fastuous style of Sapores King of Persia to Constantius the Emperour, Rex Regum, tic. 1653 Hammond On N. T. Mark vii. 22 Fastuous and vain-glorious be¬ haviour. 1707 Collier Rejl. Ridic. 101 A pompous dis¬ play of a fastuous Learning. 1786-8 J. Williams Child. Thespis 132 Too fastuous for exquisite passion’s digression, Too fair for a hero. 1836 M. J. Chapman in Fraser's Mag. XIV. 22 Let no man, With vain conceit and fastuous humour swelling, Sneer idly. 1888 Sat. Rev. 6 Oct. 418/1 The. .fastuous vates of dysentery. Hence Pa stuously adv., in a fastuous manner. Fastuousness, the quality of being fastuous. rt 1677 Barrow Serin. 2 Tim. iii. 2 Wks. 1686 III. 318 De¬ meaning our selves insolently and fastuously toward them. 1728 R. North Mem. Musick (1846) 123 He behaved him¬ self fast[u]ously; no person must whisper while he played. 1649 Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. r. Add. § 5. 58 Diogenes trampled upon Plato’s pride with a greater fastuousnesse and humourous ostentation, a 1677 Barrow Pope's Suprem. (168011. iv. 66 Then there was no fastuousness in the Church. 1752 T. Birch Life Tillotson 430 He had nothing of pride or fastuousness. Fastyon, obs. form of Fashion. Fa'Sure. Obs. Also fasor, fassure. [?a. AF. faisurc, i.faire to make.] Fashion, form. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. A. 431 That freles Ile3e ofhyr fasor. Ibid. 1083 So ferly fier-of watz [>e fasure [printed falure]. c 1400 Deslr. Troy 3956 Polidamas .. [was a] fiaire man of fassure [.'/.S', failure] & of fyn strenght. [But is fajfure a form of favour ?] Fasyll(e, var. of F'asel, Obs. Fasyon(e, faszshion, obs. forms of Fashion. f Fat (fait), sb\ Obs. Forms : 1 feet(t, 2-4 fet, south, vet, (3 feat), 4-8 fatt(e, 5-7 fate, (5 faat), 4-fat. See also Vat. [QE.fiet str. neut., corresp. to MLG., Du. vat, OHG./hj (MHG. vaq, mod.G. /ass), ON .fat (Da. fad, Sw. fat) \—CfXe\\i.fato-m Teut. root *fat- (:—pre-Teut. *fod-, pod-) to hold, contain; cf. OFris./h/zVz, MDu. vatten, OHG. fatgftt (MHG. vazzen, mod.G. fas sen) to grasp; also, Lith. pitdas (:—pddos) vessel; Oli. f tel, OHG. fczyil (MHG. vessel sword belt, mod.G. fesscl, fetter), ON./etcll band.] 1 . a. In early use gen. A vessel. Beo7uul/2 , j6i Geseah. .he. .fyrnmanna fatu. <"950 Lindisf. Gosp. John ii. 7 Gefylle 5 ^ie fta fatto of uaetre. a 1000 Flcne 1026 (Gr.) Heo [>a rode heht .. in seolfren fat locum belucan. a 1000 MlvricGcii. xl. 11 And ic nam winberian & wrang on |>aet fact and sealde Faraone. c 1050 Gloss, in Wr.-Wiilcker 347 Acerra, fete oS 5 e gledfete. a 1225 St. Marher. 18 pe reue. .bed. .bringen for 5 a uet ant fullen hit of wettre. Jig. C1230 Mali Mcid. 13 pe uertu pat halt ure bruchele feat pat is ure feble flesch .. in hal halinesse. 1340 Ayenb. 231 Hi berep a wel precious tresor ine a wel fyebble uet. b. spec. A vessel of silver, or other metal, of a particular form ; esp. one to contain holy-water. c 1330 Arth. 4- Merl. 1054 A fende .. pelt me in an holy fat. 1454 Test . Ebor. (Surtees) 11. 175 A gylted cop called a fate covered. 1484 Churchw. Acc. Wigtoft Boston (Nichols 1797) 79 For saudryng of the holy water fatte. 1536 in Antiq. Sarisb. (1771) 19S A Fat of Silver for holy water. 1571 Grindal Injunct. Clergie # Laytie B iv, The Churchwardens, .shall see .. that all..Holy water stocks or Fattes. .be utterly defaced. 2 . A vessel of large size for liquids ; a tub, a dyer’s or brewer’s vat, a wine cask. Cf. Vat. In the A. V. esp. the vat in which grapes are trodden. [a 1225 St. Marher. 17 Saloman pe wise .. bitunde us in ane tunne, ant comen babilones men .. ant breken pact feat. 13.. F. F. A Hit. P. B. 802, I schal fette yow a fatle your fette for to wasche.] c 1400 Sowdone Bab. 3152 Kinge Charles . .bade him ordeyne a grete fat To baptyse the Sowdone yne. 1469 Bury Wills (Camden) 46 The occupier .. shall haue his wetyng of his barly in the fate of the seid Denyse duryng maltyng tyme. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 100/3 [H e ] made hym to be caste in to a fatte or a tonne full of hote oylle. 1538 Bale TJire Laiocs 447 Whan ale is in the fatt. 1565 Golding Ovid's Met. 11. (1593) 27 Harvest smeard with treading grapes late at the pressing fat. 1606 Shaks. Ant. <5- Cl. 11. vii. 122 In thy Fattes our Cares be drown’d. ou fett me tuin. 1382 Wyclif Isa. xxv. 6 A feste of fatte bestes. ci 386 Chaucer Prol. 349 Ful many a fat partrich hadde he in mewe. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) xvii. 1 79 5if thei [the children] ben fatte, pei eten hem anon. c 1420 Liber Coco rum (1862) 38 Sethe a mawdelarde pat fat is penne And cut in peses. c 1440 Prontp. Pam. 151/2 Fat fowle, or beste, mestyde to be slayne, altile. 1552 Huloet, Fatte by feading, as in a francke or penne, alt ills. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) II. iv. 79 The party concluded it was to see whether he or she was fattest and fittest to kill first. 1849 Ld. Houghton in Life (1891) I. x. 439 Fat beasts sold for the price they were bought lean. 1890 Daily News 21 Nov. 5/3 Animals which .. have won prizes as ‘ fat ’, that is to say, as ripe for the butcher. 2 . Of animals or human beings, their limbs, etc.: In well-fed condition, plump; well supplied with fat (see B). c 893 K. /Elfred Oros. iv. xiii. § 5 Ge sindon nu utan fastte & innan hlame. a 1000 Deut. xxxi. 20, & ponne hig etap & fulle beop & faette. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 81 [He] luueS his sunnen alse deS pet fette swin pet fule fen to liggen in. a 1225 Ancr. R. 138 Hit regibbeS anon, ase uet keif & idel. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 429 Ballede he was, & pycke of breste, of body vat also, a 1300 Cursor M. 4566 iGott.)peseuen of paim. .wereselcuth fat and fair ky. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. x. 208 Faitours in frere clopynge hadde fatte chekus. c 1450 Merlin 227 Her flessh whitter than snowe, and was not to fatte ne to sklender. 1598 Shaks. Merry IV. v. v. 14 A Windsor Stagge, and the fattest (I thinke) i’th Forrest. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 899 The Beare, the Hedge-hog.. wax Fat when they Sleepe. 1668 Davenant Mail's the Master 11. i, The chief reason why I am not fat is..because I am in love with three of our neighbours’ maids. 1731 Arbuthnot Aliments vi. 190 You may see in an Army forty thousand Foot-Soldiers without a fat Man. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) V. 45 Their bodies are fat and muscular. 1864 P’cess Alice in Mem. (1884) 78 My fat Baby..is a great darling. 1883 Gilmour Mongols (1884) 108 The Mongols like to be careful of their camels, even when they are fat and strong. absol. C1205 Lay. 19445 Ne durste paer bilaeuen na pae uatte no pe lame. b. In unfavourable sense : Overcharged with fat, corpulent, obese. a 1000 Riddles xli. 105 (Gr.) Mara ic eom and faettra, ponne amaested swin. c 1400 Destr. Troy 3068, A necke. .nawper fulsom, ne fat, but fetis & round, c 1400 Lanfrancs Cirurg. (MS. B) 5 Of seknesse of a wommans tetys to grete to fatte opere to Tene. 1494 [see Corpulent 2]. 1598 Shaks. Merry IV. iv. v. 25 There was .. an old fat woman euen now with me. 1646, 1791 [see Corpulency 2]. 1856 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 294 So fat a man one rarely sees. C. fig. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 173 b, He is fatte of my benefytes and good dedes. 1558 Bp. Watson Sev. Sacram. i. Aj b, By the Sacramente. .weeare nourished to everlast- yng life, and made fatte with God. 1596 Shaks. Merck. V. 1. iii. 48, I will feede fat the ancient grudge I beare him. 1596 — 1 Hen. IV, hi. ii. 180 Aduantage feedes him fat, while men delay. 1611 Bible Proz>. xi. 25. 1620 May Heir 1. i. in Hazl. Dodsley XI. 515 ’Twill feed me fat with sport, that it shall make. d. fig. in vulgar phrase To cut up fat : see Cut v. 59 k. 3 . transfi. Of things : Thick, full-bodied, sub¬ stantial ; spec, of printing types. Also + To beat /a/(Typog.) : seequot. 1683. f Of the voice : Full. C1250 Gen. $ Ex. 2104, vii eares wexen fette of coren. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. cxxxi. (1495) 942 The voyces ben fatte and thycke whanne moche spyryte comyth out as the voys of a man. 1578 Lyte Dodocns 11. xiii. 200 The white lillie his leaues be..somewhat thicke or fat. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, 1. ii. 141 There are..Traders riding to London with fat Purses. 1676 Moxon Print. Lett. 5 The ..Draughts of the Letters will shew him what parts of a Letter must be fat or lean. Ibid. 7 The Stem or Broad stroke in a Letter is called the Fat stroke. 1683 Moxon Diet. Printing, Beat Fat , If a Press-man Takes too much Inck with his Balls, he Beats Fat. The Black English Faced Letter is generally Beaten Fat. 1787 Winter Syst. Husb . 247 The leaves of the seeds .. appeared twice as fat or thick. 1841 Savage Diet. Printing, Fat Face or Fat Letter is a letter with a broad stem. 1867 G. P. Marsh in Nation 3 Tan., The substitution of full-faced—I have heard it called fat by printers, .small letter for capitals. b. Naut. (see quot. 1704). 1627 Capt. Smith Seamans Gram. ii. 4 If it [the Tuck] lie too low it makes her haue a fat quarter. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Teehn. s. v., If the Trussing in, or Tuck of a Ships Quarter under Water, be deep: They say she hath a Fat Quarter. 1867 in Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s. v. II. With respect to the component parts. 4 . Containing much fat, oil, etc. ; consisting of fat, greasy, oily, unctuous. To cut it {too) fat : lit. referring to a slice of meat, fig . (vulgar) to make a display. See Cut v. 8 b. c xooo Ags. Ps. Ixxx. 15 [lxxxi. 16] He hi fedde mid faetre lynde, hwa:te and hunifce. c 1200 Ormin 995 Braed. .smeredd wel wip elesaew & makedd fatt & nesshe. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xii. 264 pe larke. .of flesch, by fele folde fatter and swetter. c 1440 Promp. Pam. 159/1 Fet, or fatte, as flesshe and oper lyke, pinguis. 1577 P». Googe Hcresbac/is Husb. 111. (1586) 147 Fatt and newe Milke. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, v. v. 143 If you be not too much cloid with Fat Meate. 1607 Topsell Four-/. Beasts (1673) 332 It shall be needful..to use some fat broth. 1638 Rawley tr. Bacons Life 387 Trevisa Higdcn (Rolls) III. 259 Fatte water. 1587 Harrison England 11. vi. (1877) 1. 160 The fattest standing water is alwaies the best. 1607 Topsell Serpents (1653) 744 This Serpent is bred in fat waters and soils. 1713 Phil. Trans. XXVIII. 233 When the Water is fattest and fullest of Foam. + b. Of wine or ale: Fruity, full-bodied, sugary. 1609 Bible (Douay) Ezek. xxvii. 18 The Damacene was thy merchant..in fatte wine. 1632 Lithgow Trav. hi. 102 These Cloysters haue a brauer life for good cheare [and] fat Wines, .than any.. Friers can elsewhere find. 1816 Scott Antiq . xi, A species of fat ale. c. Of air, mist, etc.: Charged with moisture or odours ; dense, rare . f Of a room : Full of dense air. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, 11. iv. 1 Come out of that fat rooine. 1659 Lovelace Poems (1864) 186 When a fat mist we view, we coughing run. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. vm. 01 Make fat with Frankincense the sacred Fires. 1837 Emerson Addr., Amer. Schol. Wks. II. 189 Public and private avarice make the air we breathe thick and fat. t d. See quot. Obs . 1683 Moxon Diet. Printing, Fat Ashes, Founders call their Ashes Fat, if they are considerably Heavy, because then they have much Mettle in them. 8 . Fat oil or oils : in various senses (see quots.). c 1790 Imison Sell. Art II. 37 Take four ounces of fat oil, very clear, and made of good linseed oil. 1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 433 Fat oils become solid by long ex¬ posure. 1875 J. C. Wilcocks Sea Fisherman 179 Train- oil, a name given to it on the spot to distinguish it from whale, or seal oil. .called fat-oil. 1877 Watts Diet. Chem. IV. 179 Fat or fixed oils, .resemble one another in not being capable of distilling without decomposition. III. With reference to the amount of produce or supply. 9 . Yielding or capable of yielding excellent and abundant returns, a. Of land : Fertile, rich. 1393 Langl./ 1 . PI. C. xiii. 224 On fat londes and ful of donge foulest wedes groweth. c 1420 Pal lad. on Husb. 1. 72 To see thi lande .. fatte and swete. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 112 b, The fat ground. 1672 Cave Prim. Chr. 1. i. (1673) 5 The blood of Christians making the Churches soil more fat and fertile. 1777 Robertson Hist. Amer. (1783) II. 98 The roots, .multiply amazingly with the heat of the climate in a fat soil. 1827 Pollok Course T. iii, Turned fat lands To barrenness. 1851 D. Jerrold St. Giles xi. 103 The broad, fat fields of Kent lay smiling in the sun. b. of a source of income (e.g. a benefice, office). c 1380 Wyclif Scl. Wks. III. 519 3 if l>e benefice be faat. 1581 Mulcaster Positions xli. (1887) 250 To leaue his old poore place for a fatter rowme. 1642 Milton Apol. Smect. (1851)305, I would wish him the biggest and the fattest Bishoprick. 1710 Steele Tailor No. 228 ? 1 A worthy Gen¬ tleman has lately offered me a fat Rectory. 1852 Thackeray Esmond 1. iii, ‘Church! priesthood! fat living!’ 1883 American VI. 38 Congress as the creator of fat jobs. 1884 Manch. Exam. 17 Nov. 5/3 His fat sheriffship. c. of a dispute or suit at law. 1644 Milton Educ. (1738) 136 The promising and pleasing thoughts of litigious terms, fat contentions, and flowing fees. 1646 j. Cooke Vind. Law 26 A recreation which they have .. to recreate the spirit of the Judges and Advocates, which they call a Fat case. 1858 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. (1865) I. iii. xiii. 219 Never was such a Lawsuit—so fat an affair for the attorney species. j- d. Of a prisoner: That can pay a good ransom. Obs. rare. 1548 Hall Chron. 123 b, So with greate riches, and fatte prisoners, he returned again to Paris. e. Typog. Fat take, fat work, in type-setting, work or a piece of work especially profitable to the compositor who works by the piece. Hence, Fat page : one having many blank lines or spaces. 10 . Well supplied with what is needful or desir¬ able. fa. Of a person : Affluent, wealthy. Obs. 1611 Bible Ps. xcii. 14 They [the righteous] shalbe fat, & flourishing, a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Fat Cull, a rich fellow, a 1716 South (J.) Persons grown fcit and wealthy by a long and successful imposture, a 1764 Lloyd Fam. Epistle fr. Hanbury's Ho. 19 Mark the fat Cit, whose good round sum, Amounts at least to half a Plumb. b. Of tilings: Abundant, plentiful; esp. of a feast, pasture, etc. Also, Well-stocked. 1563 Homilies 11. Gluttony <$* Drunkenness (1859) 3°6 He that loveth wine and fat fare shall never be rich. 1577 Holinsiied Chron. I. 185 The best and fattest pasturages. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie s Hist. Scot. v. (1887) 267 Finable he returnes with a fatt praii. 1611 Bible Ezek. xxxiv. 14 In a fat pasture shall they feede. 1677 Yarranton Eng. Improv. 28 Scotland is a thin and lean Kingdom. .England is a fat Kingdom, a 1790 Franklin Way to Wealth, A fat kitchen makes a lean will. IV. 11 . Displaying the characteristics of a fat animal; slow-witted, indolent, self-complacent. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. v. ii. 268 Wel-liking wits they haue, grosse, grosse, fat, fat. 1602 — Ham. 1. v. 32 Duller should’st thou be then the fat weede That rots it selfe in ease .. Would’st thou not stirre in this. 1611 Bible Isa. vi. 10 Make the heart of this people fat, and make their eares heauy, and shut their eyes, ai 616 Beaum. & Fl. Wit without Money 1. i, Grounding their fat faiths upon old country proverbs. 1790 Burke Wks. (1871) II. 373 The fat stupidity and gross ignorance. 1819 Shelley Peter Bell iv. xxi, With loose fat smile, The willing wretch sat wink¬ ing there, a 1854 J. Wilson (W.\ How could it enter into his fat heart to conceive [etc.]. 1879 Temple Bar Mag. No. 227 A fat smile of complacent wisdom on his face. V. 12 . With the senses mixed. c 1325 Poem Times Edw. II 188 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 332 The frere wole to the direge, if the cors is fat. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, 11. iv. 559-60 Slier. A grosse fat man. Car. As fat as Butter. x6n Bible Ps. cxix. 70 Their heart is as fat as grease. 1642 Fuller Holy <$• Prof. St. v. xix. 437 These countreys were fat enough to be stewed in their own liquour. a 1732 Gay Songs < 5 * Ball., New Song on New Similies , My cheeks as fat as butter grown. VI. Combinations. 13 . Parasynthetic (chiefly in sense 2), as fat- backed, -barked\ -beneficed (sense 9), - brained (sense 2 or ii), fat-cheeked, -eyebrowed, -fleshed, -hearted (sense 2 or 11), fat-kidneyed, -legged, -panneJied (sense 2 b), - rumped , -tailed, adjs. Also Fat- faced, Fat-witted. 1607 A. Brewer Lingua iii. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley IX. 386 Your. .*fat-backed. .drones. 1616-61 Holyday Persius 297 * Armes, and the man I sing/ Perchance you’l dare To call this frothy, *fat-bark’d [L. corticepiugui ]? 1634 ‘E. Knott’ Charity Maintained 1. vi. §21 Such x fat-beneficed Bishops. 1597 Drayton Mortimeriados 69 *Fat-braind Fleamings. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Joujfflu, *fat cheeked. 1591 Percivall Sp. Diet., *Fat eie browed. 1863 Miss Power Arab. Days <5* N. 109 Those ‘ ^fat-fleshed ’ fair ones. 1607 Hieron Wks. I. 230 The *fat-hearted Israelites. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, 11. ii. 5 Peace ye *fat-kidney’d Rascall. 1719 D’Uri-ey Pills VI. 351 Glud [sic] Kate and*fat legged Lissey. 1891 R. Kipling City Dreadf. Nt. 72 Quaint houses, with fat-legged balustrades on the roofs. 1563 Foxe A. M. 1691/2 The *fat pan^hed bishop. 1842 Bischoff Woollen DIanuf. II. 289 The head is like that of the *fat-rumped [sheep]. Ibid. II. 320 The Doomba, or *fat-tailed sheep of Cabool. 14 . Special comb., as fat-bird, a name (a) of the Guacharo Stcatornis caripcnsis ; (b) of the Pectoral Sandpiper Actodromas maculata (U.S.) ; fat-face, (a) a term of abuse; ( b) Typog. fat-face, less commonly fat letter (see quot. 1841), and attrib .; fat-fed a., fed up to fatness : of a man, full-fleshed; also transf. ; fat-guts, one having a big belly, used as a term of abuse, also attrib. ; fat-headed, (a) having a fat head; (b) dull, stupid; fat-lute; fat-rascal (see quots.); + fat- sagg a., hanging down with fat; f fat-ware, cattle fatted for market. Also, Fat-head. 1741 Richardson Pamela (1824) I. 179 Answer me, *fat- face ! 1841 Savage Diet. Printing, Fat Face or Fat Letter is a letter with a broad stem. 1871 Amer. Encycl. Printing, Fat-face Letter, Letter with a broad face. 1607 Topsell FAT. 94 FATAL. Four-f. Beasts 181 This kind of Dog .. is mighty, grosse, and *fat fed. 1616 Trav. Eng. Pilgr. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) III. 329 Fat-fed friars. 1648 Herrick Hesper. I. 204 The fat-fed smoking temple. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IP, 11. ii. 32 Peace ye *fat guttes, lye downe. 1682 N. O. Boilcau's Lutrin iv. 278 Till fat-guts Everard open’d, and quite marr’d it. 1853 Hickie tr. Aristofih. (1872) II. 536 Pray sit down here, you fat guts, c 1510 Gest Robyn IIode 11. 38 With that cam in a fat-heded monke. 1603 H. Crosse Vertues Commw. (1878) 99 The lazie Monkes, and fat-headed Friers. 1748 Richardson Clarissa Wks. 18S3 VIII. 188 This I leave to thy own fat-headed prudence. 1768 Life <5- Adv. of. Sir Barth. Lapskull II. 66 The fat-headed majority, intoxicated by the fumes of excess. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk., Christmas Dinner (1865) 276 A fat-headed old gentleman next him. 1883 W. Bromley Davenport in 19 th Cent. Sept. 402 A few obese fat-headed carp. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade,* Fat-lute, a mixture of pipeclay and linseed oil for filling joints. 1868 Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., * Fat-rascal, a kind of rich tea-cake com¬ pounded with butter or cream..and with currants inter¬ mingled. 1604 Middleton Black Bk. Wks. 1886 VIII. 12 With her *fat-sagg chin hanging down like a cow’s udder. 1601 Holland Pliny xvii. xxiv, These forsooth they feed in mue, and franke them up like *fat-ware, with good corn- meale. B. sb .2 1 . The adj. used absol. The fat part of anything. + Rarely in pi. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xxii. 280 That cast for to kele a crokke and saue }?e fatte aboue. 1535 Coverdale Lev . xvii. 6 Burne the fat for a swete sauoure vnto the Lord. c 1540 in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. ix. 222 Take the fatte of capons or hennys. 1616 Surfl. & Markh. Country Fat'ine 31 He shall make prouision of Fats, or of the mar- rowes of the bones of Mutton. 1667 Milton P.L. xi. 439 Then sacrificing, laid The Inwards and thir Fat ..On the cleft Wood. 1796 Mrs. Glasse Cookery xiv. 238 Pour the fat out of the pan. 1890 Mrs. Beeton Cookery Bk. 19/1 Droppings of fat and gravy, .fall from the roast meat. 2 . In various transf senses : + a. The soft part of a fruit or tree. 1575 Turberv. Fanlconrie 278 Anoynting the ende of the borowed feather in the fatte of a figge. 1377 B. Googe Hercsbach's Husb. 11. (1586) no The fat, the softest and the woorst part of the tree. + b. The fat of glass : = Fr. sum de verre, San- diveRj Glass-gall. Ohs. ■578 Lyte tr. Dodoens' Herbal 116 That which .. swimmeth upon the stuflfe whereof Glasses are made, is now called in Shoppes Axungia vitrix in English, the fatte or floure of Glasse. C. The richest or most nourishing part of any¬ thing ; the choicest produce (of the earth). Hence also, Plenty, superabundance. Obs. exc. in phrase (To eat, live on) the fat of the land. 1570-6 Lambarde Pcramb. Kent (1826) 223 This Realme ..wanted neither the favour of the Sunne, nor the fat of the Soile. 1611 Bible Gen. xlv. 18 Ye shall eat the fat of the land. — Deut. xxxii. 14 The fat of kidneis of wheat. 1623 Massinger Bondman 1. ii, In this plenty, And fat of peace. 1640 J. Dyke Worthy Cominun. 188 The fat and moysture of the earth. 1661 Lovell Hist. Anim. Sf Min. Introd., Sulphurs, which are the fat of the earth. 1832 L. Hunt Poems Pref. 9 We have the poetry..of the ‘ fat of the land ’ in Thomson. 1857 Trollope Three Clerks xiv, For thirteen years he has lived on the fat of the land. 3 . a. The oily concrete substance of which the fat parts of animal bodies are chiefly composed; any particular variety of this substance. Often modified by a sb. prefixed, as beef-, candle-, cow-, mutton-, ox-, etc .fat. b. Chan. Any of a class of organic compounds of which animal fat is the type. 1539 in Rogers Agric. *,■ Prices III. 285/4, 1593 Ludlow. Candle fat 12S lb. (H) Ai. 1352 Huloet, Fatte or grease, sagina. 1731 Arbuthnot Aliments ii. 44 This Membrane separates an oily Liquor call’d Fat. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) IV. 4 The muscles of the body are very strong, and without fat. 1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 848 But, beneath the skin, fat has been accumulated in prodigious quantities, i860 1 Flo. Nightingale 50 Butter is the lightest kind of animal fat. 1884 A thenmum 12 Apr. 465/1 Fats were dear in the early time. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fat, a greasy substance consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and.a little oxygen. .Fats are contained in both plants and animals and are compounds of glycerin with acids, chiefly palmitic, oleic, or stearic. 1891 Brit. Med. Jrnl. Suppf. 78/1 Fats are digested with the expenditure of a small amount of energy. c. Phrases: + To lick the fat from the beard of: to forestall the results of (a person’s) enterprise or industry. + The fat flits from {a man's) beard : lie lets go the advantage he has gained. {All) the fat is in the fire : in early use expressing that a design lias irremediably failed; now used when some injudicious act has been committed that is sure to provoke a violent explosion of anger. 1548 Hall Chron. 169 b, Other, .marchantes. .sore abhor- ryng the Italian _ nacion, for lickyng the fat from their beardes, and taking from them their accustomed livyng. 1562 J. Heyvvood Prov. <$• Epigr. (1867) 6 Than farewell riches, the fat is in the fire. Ibid. 7 Blame me not to haste, for feare..the fat cleane flit fro my berde. 1579 Spenser S/uph. Cal. Sept. 123 But they that shooten neerest the pricke Sayne, other the fat from their beards doen lick. 1644 Ormonde Let. in Carte Life (1735) III. 281, I hear nothing of the armes, ammunition or provisions, without all which all the fat is in the fire. 1797 Wolcott (P. Pindar) Livery of London Wks. 1812 III. 449 Should we once com¬ plain The fat will all be in the fire. 1850 Carlyle Latter-d. Pamph. iv. 4 The fat in the fire will be a thing worth look¬ ing at. 4 . The habit of body marked by the deposition of fat; corpulence, obesity. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 45 The two first [women] were very handsom, a little inclining to Fat. 5 . In the phraseology of various trades or occupa¬ tions, applied to especially lucrative kinds of work. fa. (see quot. a 1700). b. Printing (see quot. 1841). c. Newspaper (see quot. 1890). d. Theatrical\ a part with good lines and telling situations, which gives the player an opportunity of appearing to advantage. # a. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Fat , the last landed, inned or stow’d of any sort of Merchandize, .so called by the several Gangs of Water-side-Porters. 1785 in Grose Diet. Vulg. Tongue. b. 1796 Grose Diet. Vulg. Tongue (ed. 3), Fat amongst printers means void spaces. 184X Savage Diet. Printing, Fat, with compositors, short pages, blank pages, and light open matter: with pressmen, light forms, forms that require one pull at wooden presses. C- 1890 Atis7uers 6 Dec. 24 If he [the liner] has a piece of ‘ fat ’ (that is, a good piece of exclusive news). d- 1883 Referee 18 Mar. 2/4 They have nothing to do, all the fat having been seized by Terry. 1885 W. C. Day Behind the Footlights 116 Lest any of his ‘fat’ should be lost through the self grimaces of his fellow comedian. 6 . attrib. and Comb. a. attrib., as fat-basis, -cell, -corpuscle, -deposit, -drop, -gland, -globule, -granule, -vesicle ; fat-like adj. 1847-9 Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 129/1 Growths of ^fat- basis. 1845 G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. I. 355 Some, .presented a resemblance to conglomerate *fat-cells. 1847-9 Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 96/1 Deposition of peculiar altered *fat-corpuscles. Ibid., The relationship of *fat- deposit to the morbid changes in Bright’s disease. 1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 44 Dark globules, resem¬ bling *fat-drops. 1866 Chambers EncycL s. v. Skin, The sebaceous or Tat glands. 1846 G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim.' Chem. II. 326 *Fat-globules were detected under the microscope. 1847-9 Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 130/2 We have occasionally seen Tat granules in these tumours. 1709 Blair in Phil. Trans. XXVII. 95 A Tat-like Sub¬ stance. 1845 Todd & Bowman Phys. Anat. I. iii. 82 The Tat vesicle of the human subject. b. objective, as fit-engendering, - reducing adjs. 1883 Knowl. 20 July 34/2 *Fat-engendering repose. 1883 Ibid. 27 July 49/2 Dangerous Tat-reducing systems. c. Special combs., as fat-free a., free from fat; fat-gude, Shetland dial, (see quot.) ; fat-trap, a device for catching fat in drains, etc. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 160 The dog and the rat can live on Tat-free meat alone, i860 Balfour Odal Rights <5- Feudal Wrongs 114 *Fatgudc, a term used in Zetland for the Butter or Oil paid to the Donatary. 1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 55/1 Gullies and *Fat-Traps. Fat (fret), v. Forms : i feettian, 3 south. vetten, 4 fatten, 4-6 fatte, (5 faat, 6 fate), 3, 6- fat. [ 0 \i. fi'tlian, i.f&tt Fat a.] + 1 . trans. As lit. rendering of Heb. jun dishshen, Vulg. impinguare : To anoint, ‘make fat’ (the head); to load (an altar) with fat. Obs. c 1000 Ags. Ps. xxii[i]. 5 Du faettades in ele heafud min. a 1300 E. E. Psalter xxii[i]. 5 pou fatted in oli mi heved ywhit. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus. xxxv. 8 The oflfring of the lbtwis fatteth the auter. 1698 Norris Pract. Disc. IV. 114 The Sacrifices with which they fatted their Altars. fb. To bedaub with fat or grease; hence, transf. to cover thickly. Obs. rare, a 1661 Holyday Juvenal iii. 42 Durt fats my thighs. 2 . intr. To grow or become fat. Also to fat up. a 1225 A tier. R. 128 Nout ase swin ipund ine sti uorte uetten & forte greaten a3ein }?e cul of i>er eax. 1398 Trevisa Barth. D. P. R. v. xli. (1495^ 158 Yf the mylte mynysshyth and fadyth, the body fattyth. 1577 B. Googe Hcresbach's Husb. iv. (1586) 161 The harder they [fowl] lie, the sooner they fatte. 1607 Topsell Four-f Beasts (1673) 466 If they fat of their own accord, it hath been found that the tail of one of these Sheep have weighed ten or twenty pound. 1794 Washington Lett. Writings 1892 XIII. 24 The hogs which have been fatting.. 1807 Van¬ couver Agric. Devon (1813) 355 Proper time being allowed, [they] will commonly fat to six score per quarter. 1825 Cobbett Rur. Rides 467 They were fatting on the grass. fig. c 1000 Ags. Ps. lxiv. 13 [lxv. 12] Faettia <5 endas woe- stennes. ^1300 E. E. Psalter ibid., Fat sal faire of wildernes. c 1300 Song Ilusbandm. 32 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 151 Falsshipe fatteth. 1596 J. Norden Progr. Pietie (1847) 139. The heaviness of sin, wherein they lie fatting in all delights. 1631 R. H. Arraignm. Whole Creature xv. § 1. 251 Vanities, on which our Prodigall eates, but neyther feeds, fils, nor fats. 3 . trans. To make fat, fatten; usually, to feed, (animals) for use as food. Also to fat up. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 56, & my fedde foulez [arn] fatted with scla}t. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 562 To faat hem is avayling and plesaunte. 1515 Barclay Eglogcs i. (1570) Avj/3 When they [our hogges] be fatted by costes and labour. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iv. 137 b, A heard of swine: which they [Anabaptistes] fondly faine to haue ben fatted vp by the Lord. 1612 Dekker If it be not good Wks. 1873 III. 275 Churles..fat their rancke gutts whilest poor wretches pine, a 1633 Lennard tr. Charrons Wisd. 111. xiii. § 5 (1670) 436 The. .presence of the Master, saith the Proverb, fatteth the horse and the land. 1769 Gray Jrnl. in Lakes Wks. 1884 I. 278 Numbers of black cattle are fatted here. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) V. 172 The first who fatted up the peacock for the feasts of the luxurious. 1877 Baring-Gould Myst. Suffering 48 His ideal of beauty .. was woman fatted on milk till she could not walk. absol. c 1440 Secrees, Prose version (E. E. T. S.\ pese fattys and moystes : Rest of body, gladnesse of wyl [etc.]. 1584 Lyly Campaspe 1. ii, [Apelles] proueth that muche easier it is to fatte by colours, and telles of birdes that haue beene fatted by paynted grapes. fig. c 1386 Chaucer Sompn. T. 172 Who so wol preye, he moot..fatte his soule and make his body lene. 1553 Short Catcch. in Liturgies, etc. Edw. VI (Parker Soc.) 525 If they be watered, and fatted with the dew of Gods word. 1633 G. Herbert 7 'empte. Odour ii, This broth of smells, that feeds and fats my minde. b. rcfl. lit. and fig. 1567 Drant Horace Epist. iii. C vj, A long deuoued cowe Which graseth here..And fattes her selfe for you. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 43 Fatting themselves with great and gainfull offices. 1679 Penn Addr. Prot. 11. v. (1692) 179 She .. hath fatted herself with the Flesh of Saints. c. Said of the food. c 1400 Lanfrands Cirurg. 61 Dieting pat fattip & fnakip him glad. 1528 Paynel Salerne's Regim. Q iij b, The substance or meate of cheries. .fattethe the bodye. 1633 J. Fisher Fuimus Troes Prol. in Hazl. Dodsley XII. 451 Making your huge trunks To fat our crows. 1708 J. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. 1. 1. iii. (1743) 24 Knot-grass ..its long knots will fat swine. 1829 Bone Manure, Rep. Doncast. Com. 25 This improved and fatted the sheep. absol. 1528 Paynel Salerne's Regim. G ij, Grene chese nourysheth and fattethe. 4 . To fat off : to fatten for sale or slaughter. 1789 Trans. Soc. Encourag. Arts (ed. 2) II. 90 Bull steers..fed with hay during the labouring part of their lives..then fatted off. 1850 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XI. 11. 679 Decided to fat off the wethers as early as possible. 5 . To enrich (the soil) with nutritious or stimu¬ lating elements; to fertilize. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 52 b, Horned clauer. .fatteth the grownde. 1594 Blundevil Exerc. v. (ed. 7) 564 The floud Nilus, which by his inundations doth yeerely. .fatte the country of Egypt, a 1639 W. Whateley Prototypes 1. iv. (1640) 30 If the sheepes dung did not fat the ground. 1648 Gage West Ind. xviii. (1655) 135 Which with the ashes left after the burning fatteth the ground. 1808 J. Barlow Columb. v. 660 Till Austria’s titled hordes, with their own gore, Fat the fair fields they lorded long before. Fatal (f^'tal), a. Also 4 fathel, 5-6 Sc. fatell, 6-7 fatall. [ad. L. fdtal-is, f. fdtum Fate. Cf. Yr. fatal.] + 1 . Allotted or decreed by fate or destiny; destined, fated. Const, to, unto. Obs. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus v. 1 The fathel destyne, That Joves hath in disposicioune. C1430 Lydg. Bochas iv. xiv. (1554) 114 a, Was neuer seine prince nor princesse That more proudly toke their fatal death. 1513 Douglas AEneis xi. Prol. 178 Prynce Enee, That, for his fatale cuntre, of behest Sa feill dangeris sustenit. c 1610 Sir J. Melvil Mem. (1683) 67 It appeared to be fatal to him, to like better of flatterers .. than plain speakers. 1658 Rowland Moufet's Thcat. Ins. 909 Obnoxious to.. very much rain, a thing fatall to Islands. 1663-78 Butler Hud. 1. iii. 530 It was Still fatal to stout Hudioras.. when least He dreamt of it to prosper best. 1667 Milton P. L. ii. 104 With perpetual inrodes to allarme, Though inaccessible, his fatal Throne. 1713 Bentley Collins' Ireethinking 1. xxvi. 142 It is fatal to our author ever to blunder when he talks of Egypt. + 2 . Condemned by fate ; doomed. Const, to. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas, vn. ii, More lyker. .Unto a place which is celestiall, Than to a certayne mancion fatall. c 1592 Marlowe Massacre at Pa7is 1. iv, Now have we got the fatal, straggling deer Within, .a deadly toil. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. x. liv. (1612) 242 The Guizian Scot Fatall to Seaes of blood, a 1634 Randolph Amyntas iv. viii, A fatall oake, at which great Jove Levels his thunder. 1668 Davenant Man's the Master iii. i, She, whose fatal and unexperienc’d heart too soon believ’d thy many oaths. 3 . Of the nature of fate; resembling fate in mode of action; proceeding by a fixed order or sequence; inevitable, necessary. 1605 Camden Rem. 33 As though.. fatall necessitie con¬ curred..with voluntary motion in giving the name. 1610 Healey St. Aug. Citie of God v. ix. (1620) 198 Euery cause is not fatall, because there are causes of chance, nature and will. 1663 J. Spencer Prodigies (1665) 134 Nature is a blind and fatal Agent. 1751 Jortin Serm. (1771) II. i. 14 We must not charge our transgressions upon a fatal necessity. 1863 Hawthorne Our Old Home 114 What a hardy plant was Shakspeare’s genius, how fatal its development. 1874 Mivart in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 776 * Instinct ’ is ‘ fatal ’ out blind. 4 . Concerned or dealing with destiny. Of agents : Controlling the destinies of men. {The) fatal dames, ladies, sisters : the Fates, or Parcce. The fatal thread', that supposed to be spun by the Fates, determining the length of a man’s life; so fatal web, fatal shears . 1447 Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.) 8 Not to hastyly My fatal threed a sundyr smyte. 1552 Huloet, Fatal ladies, farex. a 1592 R. D. Hypnerotomachia 9 b, Abiding the proofe of their paine and the cutting in Sunder of their fatall thread. 1622 Fletcher Spanish Curate iv. v, Fatall Dames, that spin mens threds out. 1624 Hey- wood Gunaik. 1. 45 The Parcse (or fatall Goddesses) are three. 1704 S. Dale in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 210 Death cut the fatal thread of life. 1708 Pope Ode St. Cecilia 94 How wilt thou now the fatal sisters move? <11721 M. Prior Turtle <$• Sparrow 56 Nor Birds nor Goddesses can move The just Behests of Fatal Jove. 1880 Brewer Reader's Hand-bk. 323/2 The three Fatal Sisters were Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos. + b. Prophetic. Obs. 1503 Hawes Examp. Virt. vii. 129 Poetes that were fatall. 1509 — Past. Pleas, viii. iii, They [the poets].. Pronounced trouthe under cloudy figures, By the inventyon of theyr fatall scriptures. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World II. 393 They, .taking direction, .from the fatall Bookes,burned alive two men. 1635 Cowley Davidcis 1. 917. As he [Balam] went his fatalTongue to sell. FATALISM. FATE. + c. Foreboding or indicating mischief; ominous. 1590 Marlowe 2nd Pt. Tamburl. iv. iii, The black and fatal ravens. 1591 Shaks. 1 Hen. VI, hi. i. 195 Now I feare that fatall Prophecie. 1628 Wither Brit. Rememb. 35 Such fatall fowles As croking Ravens. 1658 Wili.sford Natures Secrets 173 For seven nights after his death, there was heard hideous howling.., fatal Birds screaking in their Cities. Ibid. 188 These^ fatal Meteors are great motives to humble Man, to make him repent. 5 . Fraught with destiny; fateful. Often with mixture of 6 or 7. c 1386 Chaucer Man o/LaiO s T. 163 The woful day fatal is come. £1430 Lydg. Bochas 1. viii. (1544) 13 Her father had fatal heere.. the which did him assure Manly to fyght ayeinst his mortal foone. c 1470 Henry Wallace iv. 294 With out respyt cummyn was thair fatell houris. 1548 Hall Chron. 115 The fatall daie of her obstinacie was come. 161a Monniepennie Abr. Chron. in Misc. Scot. I. 7 Who trans¬ ported the marble fatall chayre to Westminster. 1667 Milton P. L. ii. 725 The Snakie Sorceress, .kept the fatal Key. 1713 Addison Cato 1. iii, What anxious moments pass between The birth of plots, and their last fatal periods. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xix, The fatal spot where the unlucky Bonnet-maker’s body was lying. 1863 Kinglake Crimea (1876) I. xi. 179 In these same fatal days the Emperor Nicholas did much to bring his good faith into question. 6. Producing or resulting in death, destruction, or irreversible ruin, material or immaterial; deadly, destructive, ruinous. Const, to. Also in phrase to prove fatal (to). 1514 Barclay Cyt. <$• Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 10 That fatal fruyte which kyndled all theyr care. 1685-8 Roxb . Ball. VII. 454 O that my sorrows were ended, by the most fatalest hand. 1692 Dryden St. Evremont's Ess. 24 Sus¬ picions fatal to the merit of Strangers. 1732 Arbuthnot Rules 0/ Diet iv. 369 A Palsy., when it seizeth the Heart, or Organs of Breathing, [is] fatal. 1759 Robertson Hist. Scot. I. 11. 87 His death was fatal to the Catholic religion. 1781 Cowper Charity 144 A stroke as fatal as the scythe of Death. 1791 Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest i, A removal in her present state must be fatal. 1803 Med. Jml. X. 315 Influenza, .is by no means a fatal disease. 1838 Thirlwall Greece V. 80 The Spartan power had suffered a fatal blow. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. 1. ii. § 14 To carry away this conclusion, .would be a fatal error. Mod. A fatal accident occurred on Monday. b. Of a weapon, bait, etc.: Sure to kill, deadly. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V, v. ii. 17 Your eyes which hitherto haue borne In them. .The fatall Balls of murthering Basiliskes. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VII. 293 Acrooked sting., that fatal instrument which renders this insect so formid¬ able. 1879 Jefferies Wild Life in S. C. 358 A gudgeon is a fatal bait. Nothing is so certain to take. 7 . The hyperbolical use of the word in sense 6 gives rise to a weakened sense : Causing serious harm,' disastrous, gravely mischievous. Cf. Y. fatal, which is often used in a trivial manner un¬ known in English. 1681 Dryden Abs. <$• A chit. 146 By their Monarch’s fatal mercy grown, From Pardon’d Rebels, Kinsmen. 1758 S. Hayward Serm. xvii. 513 Incredible, did not fatal experi¬ ence too much shew it. 1794 S. Williams Vermont 181 Wars had also a fatal influence on population. 1845 Carlyle Cromwell (1871) I. Introd. 42 To develop itself in other still fataler ways. 1855 Macaulay Hist. E?ig. IV. 371 Never would such disasters have befallen the monarchy but for the fatal law which [etc.]. 1862 Mrs. Browning Last Poems, Ld. Walter's Wife x, Now, you no longer are fatal, but ugly and hateful. 8. Comb, with pr. and pa. pples., as fatal-looking ; also (quasi-^/z/.) in fatal-boding , -plotted. 1588 Shaks. Tit. A. 11. iii. 47 Giue the King this fatall plotted Scrowle. 1594 Lodge Wounds Civ. War iii. i. in Hazl. DodsleyWY. 149 The screech-owl chants her fatal- boding lays. 1839 Carlyle Chartism i, Brandishing pike and torch (one knows not in which case more fatal- looking). + 9 . sb. in pi. Fatal persons or things. The three Fatals : the three Fates or Parc?e. Obs. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus 11. 556 The thre fatales. Ibid. 11. 985 Thir Fatallis thre. .bad me pas, stand to my destinie. 1652 Gaule Magastrom. 162 Providence is in the ordering of casuals as well as fatals. Fatalism (fc'taliz’m). [f. prec. + -ISM. Cf. Fr. fatalistne, It. fatalismo .] 1 . The belief in fatality; the doctrine that all things are determined by fate; a particular form of this doctrine. In early use not distinguished from 1 the doctrine of necessity’, i. e. the doctrine that all events take place in accordance with unvarying laws of causation. In strict etymological propriety, and in the best modern usage, it is restricted to the view which regards events as predetermined by an arbitrary decree. 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 6 We shall oppose those three Fatalisms, .as so many false Hypotheses of the Mundane System. 1733 Berkeley Th. Vision § 6 Pantheism, Materialism, Fatalism are nothing but Atheism a little disguised. ^ 1774 Fletcher Hist. Ess. Wks. 1795 IV. 20 Fatalism, in which the greatest Infidels unanimously shelter themselves. 1829 Lytton Devereux 11. v, You are ..a believer in the fatalism of Spinosa. 1876 L. Stephen Eng. Thought \ 2 >th Cent. (1881) I. 298 Fatalism assumes what necessity excludes, the existence of an arbitrary ele¬ ment in the universe. 2 . Acquiescence in the decree of fate; submission to everything that happens as inevitable. a 1734 North Lives III. 61 ?narg ., A Turk convinced against fatalism. 1835 Thirlwall Greece I. vi. 194 The fatalism of the Greeks was very remote, .from the dogma. 187X Morlf.y Carlyle Grit. Misc. (1878) 188 This acquies¬ cence which is really not so far removed from fatalism. 95 Fatalist (fatalist), [f. as prec. -f -1ST. Cf. Yx. fatalist e.~\ 1 . One who holds the doctrine of fatalism; one who believes that all things happen by inevitable necessity. 1650 R. Gell Serm. 8 Aug. 38 The most notorious Fatalists. 1722 Wollaston Relig. Nat. v. 105 They [the ancients] were generally fatalists. 1887 T. Fowler Princ. Morals 11. ix, The Fatalist, as distinguished from the Determinist, imagines himself to be completely at the mercy of some external power. 2 . One whose conduct is regulated by fatalism; one who accepts every event as an inevitable ne¬ cessity. <21734 North Lives III. 61 It is commonly known that the Turks are fatalists. 1763 Scrafton Indostan (1770) 115 Those who know what strong fatalists these eastern people are. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 185 The con¬ fidence which the heroic fatalist placed in his high destiny. 1883 Ouida Wanda I. 202 ‘ What a fatalist you are.* 3 . athib. or adj. = next. 1843 J. Martineau Chr. Life (1867) 407 Every Fatalist., scheme destroys merit. 1850 Kingsley Alt. Locke i, He preached ‘ higher doctrine ’, i. e., more fatalist and antinomian than, his gentler colleague. 1865 Comh. Mag. Apr. 403 The fatalist resignation, .now quieted him. 1874 Lady Her¬ bert Hubner's Ramble 11. ii. (1878) 513 The moral basis of society lies in a fatalist submission. Fatalistic (fe'talistik), a. [f. prec. + -ic.] Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of fatalism. 1832 Coleridge Table-t. (1835) II. 29 Are you a Christian, and talk about a crisis in that fatalistic sense? 1838 Blackw. Mag. XLIV. 240 The fatalistic forces of nature. 1859 Geo. Eliot A. Bede 197 A fatalistic view of jug-break¬ ing. 1861 Thornbury Turner (1862) I. 12 The doctrine of innate tendencies they deride as. .fatalistic. Hence Fatalistically#^., in a fatalistic manner; according to the fatalistic doctrine ; like a fatalist. 1856 Dove Logic Chr. Faith v. i. § 2. 267 Power, .working fatalistically forgiven ends. 1884 J. Parker Apost. Life III. 53 The point at which life itself is despised as compared with what he. .fatalistically calls his ‘ course *. Fatality (frtse-liti). [ad. F. fatalite , ad. late L . fatalitatem, f. fatdlis Fatal : see -ity.] 1 . The quality or condition of being predeter¬ mined by or subject to fate or destiny; subjection to fate, as attributed to the universe generally; the agency of fate or necessity, conceived as deter¬ mining the course of events. a 1631 Donne in Select. (1840) 83 We banish from thence, all imaginary fatality. 1665 Glanvill Seeps. Set. 29 To suppose every action of the Will to depend upon a previous Appetite or Passion is to destroy our Liberty, and to insert a Stoical Fatality. 1678 Cudworth Intcll. Syst. 7 The Will of Man. .may contract upon it self such Necessities and Fatalities, as it cannot upon a suddain rid it self of at pleasure. 1692 Bentley Boyle Led. i. 12 The blind im¬ pulses of Fatality and Fortune. 1702 Eng. Theophrast. 276 Marriages are governed..by an over-ruling fatality. 1736 Butler Anal. 1. vi. 147 A Fatality supposed con¬ sistent with what we certainly experience does not destroy the proof of an intelligent author and Governor of nature. 1768-74 T ucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 583 An irresistible force, a something we cannot explain nor account for its existence . .we call a fatality. b -fig. 1699 Bentley Phal. 299 There was. .a kind of Fatality in his Errors. 1822 Hazlitt Table-t. Ser. 11. iv. (1869) 83 There is a fatality about our affairs. 1834 Medwin Angler in Wales II. 61 The Viceroy, .as fatality would have it, was struck. c. A decree of fate. 1763 Tucker Freewill § 42.192 If he sows oats in his field, does he think anything of a fatality against his reaping wheat or barley ? d. That which a person or thing is fated to; a destined condition or position, a destiny. 1589 Puttenham Eng. Poesie 11. (Arb.) 124 ,1 took them both for a good boding, and very fatallitie to her Maiestie. 1603 Florio Montaigne 11. xxix. (1632) 398 Our fatalitie which it lieth not in us to avoydeor advance. 1648 Sterry Clouds 35 He cannot discerne. .the Fatality of Persons and Kingdomes. 1692 R. L’Estrange Fables,Old Man $ Lion 95 All the Father’s Precaution could not Secure the Son from the Fatality of Dying by a Lyon, i860 W. Collins Worn. While x. 52 A fatality that it was hopeless to avoid. e. Used for: Belief in fatality ; fatalism. 1674 Hickman Quinquart. Hist. (ed. 2) 14,1 do not find him..charged with Fatality. 2 . The condition of being doomed by fate; pre¬ destined liability to disaster. 1654 Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camden) II. 116 Ther is a strange fatality, .attends all our intentiones and designes. 1769 Junius Lett. viii. 33 There [is] a fatality attending every measure you are concerned in. 1871 H. Ainsworth Tower Hill iii. v, A sad fatality had attended her family. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets vii. 190 The fatality attending an accursed house. 3 . The quality of causing death or disaster; fatalness; a fatal influence. 1490 Caxton Hoivto Die 21 Sathanas wyth all his cruelle fatallytees. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iv. xii. 208 7. times 9. or the yeare of sixty three, .is conceived to carry with it, the most considerable fatality. 1706-7 Farquhar Beaux' Strat. 11. i, Love and Death have their Fatalities. 1793 E. Darwin in Beddoes Lett. Damuin 62 Young men and women.. if they knew the general fatality of their disease . .would despond. 1839 Bailey Festus xviii. (1848) 185 Thy beauty hath fatality. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. xx. 245 The insidious fatality of hot countries. 4 . A disastrous event; a calamity, misfortune. 1648 Evelyn Mem, (1857) III. 19 This was the tragedy of Tuesday. .Since this fatality, some talk of an inclination in Surrey to associate. 1678 Marvell Grcnuth Popery Wks. I. 463 Their interviews are usually solemnized with some fatality and disaster. 1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleo - mania 254 note , Fatalities to which the human race is liable. 1868 E. Edwards Raleigh I. v. 83 A long series of fatalities ended in the wreck of two ships. b. A disaster resulting in death ; a fatal accident or occurrence. 1840 Barham Ingol. Leg.. Look at Clock , The shocking fatality Ran over, like wild-fire, the whole Principality. 1861 Times 7 Oct., The only fatalities were the five above mentioned^ while a large number were more or less injured. Fatalize (teKaloiz), v. [f. Fatal + -ize.] a. intr. To incline to fatalism, b. trans. To render subject to fate or inevitable necessity. Hence Fatalized, Fa'talizing ppl. adjs. 1834 G. S. Faber Print. Dodr. Election (1836) p. Iii, Melancthon .. expressly rejected the fatalising Scheme. Ibid. 155 The fatalising dogmatism. 1876 J. Martineau Hours Th. (1877) 85 The Universe would be without a God a fatalised organism. 1888 —Study ofReligiott I. 11. i. 243 Its ways seem fatalised. Fatally (ft‘ i- tali), adv. Also 7 fatallie. [f. as prec. + -ly 2 .] In a fatal manner. 1 . As decreed by fate ; in a predestined manner. 1574 Petit, to Q. Eliz. 22 Mar. in Cal. State Papers , Colonial 1574-1660. 1 Sundry rich and unknown lands fatally reserved for England. 1601 ? Marston Pasquil 4- Kath. 11. 33 Fatally predestinate To consecrate it selfe vnto your loue. 1661 Origen in Phenix I. 54 The inferior Spirit of the World acts not by choice but fatally. 1725 Pope Odyss. xiv. 82 He trod so fatally the paths of Fame. 1880 Vern. Lee Belcaro vii. 195 Inevitably, fatally., the work., must be the ideal of all purely devotional art. 2 . In a deadly or disastrous manner: a. De¬ structively, with destructive results. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V, 11. iv. 54 When Cressy Battell fatally was strucke. 1635 Cowley Davideis iii. 584 Backward the Winds his active Curses blew, And fatally round his own Head they flew. 1812 H. R. in May 283/2 A few yards of rope, which, by an unlucky snap, might.. convince them too fatally of their mortality. 1859 C. Barker Associative Principles iii. 66 These wars operated fatally upon the noble order of knighthood. b. Ruinously, by or with disastrous results. 1663 Cowley Verses fy Ess. (1669) 21 Which like an Anti- Comet here Did fatally to that appear. 1757 Johnson Rambler No. 177 p 8 How fatally human sagacity was sometimes baffled. 1793 Burke Conduct of Minority Wks. 1842 I. 621 It is fatally known, that [etc.]. 1800 Foster in Life « 5 * Corr. (1846) I. 125, I must be fatally wrong. 1828 D’Israeli Chas I, III. ii. 65 The possible dangers which afterwards were so fatally realized. 1866 Howells Vend. Life (1883) II. xvii. 98 The Venetian fine lady., fatally hides her ankles in pantalets. c. With death as the result, esp. of disease, to end , termmate fatally. 1809 Med. Jml, XXL 278 The attack .. terminated fatally. 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amcr. III. 56 Those who fight tne most frequently and fatally are the French creoles. 1882 Med. Temp. Jml. L. 56 Many of the cases . .ended fatally. Fatalness (fFHalnes). [f. as prec. + -ness.] The quality of being fatal. 1 . ‘ Invincible necessity ’ (J.). 1755 in Johnson; and in mod. Diets. 2 . a. Disastrous nature, b. Destructive or deadly quality. 1651 Reliq. Wotton. B 8/2 Master Cuffe being then a man of no Common note .. for the fatalness of his end. 1652 Sparke Prim. Devot. (1663) 76 Whether for their readiness cheapness, fatalness, I argue not. .but with stones destroyed they this servant of. .Jesus Christ. II Fata Morgana (fa-ta morga na). [It. fata a fairy; Morgana, sister of the British legendary hero Arthur, app. located in Calabria by the Norman settlers.] A kind of mirage most fre¬ quently seen in the Strait of Messina, attributed in early times to fairy agency. Also Jig. 1818 R. Jamieson in Burt'sLett. N. Scotl. II. xxiii. iii In mountainous regions, deceptions of sight, fata morgana, &c. are more common. 1851 Carlyle Sterling 1. viii. 78 He [Coleridge] preferred to create logical fatamorganas for himself on this hither side. 1892 Daily News 17 May 5/4 A fata Morgana seen last autumn near.. Karlova. attrib. 1829 Carlyle Misc A 1857) U. 61 Cloud mountains, and fatamorgana cities. + Fa*tary. Obs. rare— h [f. Fate sb. + -ary 1 .] One who foretells fates. 1652 Gaule Magastrom. 147 Why doe our fataries and fortunaries so confound them .. in their prognostications ? t Fata*tion. Obs. rare. [f. Fate sb. + -ation.] The exercise of inevitable and irresistible influence. 1652 Gaule Mag-astrom. xv iii. § 6. 148 If there be necessi¬ tating and enforcing fatation upon things. Ibid, xviii. § 19. 154 What fatation, or fatall necessitation to man, among all these ? + Fateh, sb. Obs. [var. of Vetch.] 1545 Raynold Byrth Mankynde (1564) C viij, Let her chawe in her mouth very small a fewe fatches. 1547 Records Judic. Ur. 47 In bygnesse of a small fatche, and red coloured, which you mai cal therfore red fatches, bycause of their lykenesse. 1575 Turberv. Faulconrie 365 Berries as bygge as pease or fatche. Fateh, obs. form of Fetch sb. and v. Fate (fr‘ 0 , sb. [ad. L. fatum, lit. ‘ that which has been spoken ’, neut. pa. pple. of fart to speak. The primary sense of the L. word is a sentence or doom of the gods (= Gr. 6 toe fader deaS ar his dai cumc. c 1290 Y. Eng. Leg. I. 14/457 He liet.. maken him king of al is fader lond. c 1350 Will. Palerne 241 A kowherde, sire, .is my kynde fader, c 1400 Rom. Rose 4863 Whanne fader or moder am in grave, 1473 Warkw. C/tron. 10 Herry Percy, whos fadere was slayne at Yorke felde.. 1571 Lvndesay MS. Collect The litill birdis straikis thair faaer in the face with thair wingis. 1597 Montgomerie A nsw. Ingliss Railar 12 Brutus. .Quha slew his fader howping to succeid. 1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals 11. 11. 144 Ginetti.. proved his Fathers own Son. 1753 Hanway Trav. (1762) I. 11. xiv. 62 For a son to call his father by that endearing name. 1884 Tennyson Bccket v. ii, His father gave him to my care. b . fig. (Quots. 1597 2 and 1802 have given rise to proverbial phrases.) 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvii. i. (1495) 591 Aristotle sayth that the erthe is moder and the sonne fader of trees. 1577 B. Googe Heresbac/is Hush, n. (1586) 75 b, So shall the branch [when grafted] live, being both nourished by his olde Mother, and his ne^e Father. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, 1. L 8 Eu’ry minute now Should be the Father of some Strata¬ gem. Ibid. iv. v. 93 Thy wish was Father (Harry) to that thought. 1604 Jas. I. Counterbl. (Arb.) 102 The foure Complexions, (whose fathers are the foure Elements). 1802 Wordsw. Rainbow, The child is father of the man. 1859 Kingsley Misc. (i860) 1.7 He .. too often makes the wish father to the thought. c. (More explicitly spiritual father .) The teacher to whom a person owes his religious life. 1382 Wyclif i Cor. iv. 15 If $e han ten thousandis of litle maistris in Crist Jhesu, but not manye fadris. 1769 H. Venn in Life (1835) 152 A lady said to me, ‘ You, sir, are my spiritual father \ a 1858 Bp. D. Wilson in Bateman Life (i860) II. 208 As our Father Scott used to say. d. Proverbs. 1549 Latimer 3 rd Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 97 Happye is the chylde, whose father goeth to the Deuyll. 1616 Surfl. & Markh. Country Farmc 400 This is it which some vtter in a prouerbe, That he that will plant his father, must cut off his head, c 1645 Howell Lett. (1650) II. 118 He will be a wise child that knows his right father. e. Colloquially extended to include a father-in- law, stepfather, or one who adopts another as his child (more fully adoptive father). 1592 Shaks. Rom. <$• Jut. iv. i. 2 My Father Capulet will haue it so. 1599 — Much Ado iv. i. 24 Stand thee by Frier, father .. Will you with free and vneonstrained soule Giue me this maid your daughter. 1605 — Macb. iv. ii. 63 If you would not [weep for him] it were a good signe, that I should quickely haue a new Father. 1798 Colf.brooke tr. Digest Hindu Law (1801) III. 147 Sons inferior to these . .claim the family of their adoptive father. f. Applied transf. to the relative or friend who * gives away * a bride. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado v. iv. 15 You must be father to your brothers daughter, And giue her to young Claudio. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) II. vii. 174, I was father at the altar, .and gave her away. 2 . A male ancestor more remote than a parent, esp. the founder of a race or family, a forefather, progenitor. In pi. ancestors, forefathers. So in Scriptural phr. To be gathered , + to be put to or sleep with ones fathers : to be dead and buried. Also loosely for i a man of old * a patriarch \ c 950 Lindisf. Gosp. Luke i. 55 Suae ^esprecen waes to fadores usra. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. iii. 9, & ne cwe]>aS betwux eow we habbao abraham 11s to faeder. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 226 Vre foremes faderes gult we abugeS alle. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. iii. 126 3owre fadre she felled J>orw fals biheste. 1382 Wyclif Judg. ii. 10 Al that generacioun is gedrid to her fadris. — 1 Kings i. 21 Whanne my lord kyng shal sleep with his faders. c. 1400 Maundev. (1839) vi. 66 The Sarazines .. han the place in et reuerence for the holy fadres, the patriarkes pat ly3n re. a 1440 Found. St. Barthol. 34 He decessid, and was put to his fadres. 1538 Starkey England 1. i. 10 Theyr cyuyle ordynance and statutys, deuysyd by theyr old Fatherys in eury secte. 1611 Bible Acts xiii. 36. 1671 Milton P. R. i. 351 God who fed Our fathers here with manna. 1791 Cowper Yardley Oak 144 One man alone, the father of us all, Drew not his life from woman. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 20 Nor were the arts of peace neglected by our fathers during that stirring period. 3 . One who institutes, originates, calls into being; a constructor, contriver, designer, framer, originator. Also one who gives the first conspicuous or influen¬ tial example of (an immaterial thing). The Fathers (U.S.): the framers of the constitution. Often in designations of Biblical origin. The Father of Lights , etc.: applied to God. The father of faiths of the faithful : Abraham. The father of lies (after John viii. 44): the Devil. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. 1. 14 He is Fader of Fei. 1382 Wyclif Jas. i. 17 The fadir of li^tis. 1555 Eden Decades Pref. to Rdr. (Arb.) 51 Abraham the father of fayth. 1588 Marprel. Epist. (Arb.) 31 Iohn Cant, was the first father of this horrible error in our Church. 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 114 In Germany no young Farmer is permitted to Marry .. till he .. hath planted, and is a father of such a stated number of Wallnut Trees. 1700 Dryden Fables Pref. Wks. (Globe) 499 He [Chaucer] is the father of Eng¬ lish poetry. 1748 Richardson Clarissa Wks. 1883 VI. 275 Hannibal was called the father of warlike stratagems. 1795 Hull Advertiser 14 Nov. 3/3 Dr. Hooper the father of the canal. 1825 J. Neal Jonathan II. 5 The Father of Lies himself. 1829 Scott Jml.^ (1890) II. 290 Words .. sung by the Fathers of the Reformation. 1844 Sir D. Gooch Diaries (1892) 54, I may. .1 think, claim to be the father of express trains. 1867 Smyth Sailor’s Wordbk., Father , the dockyard name given to the person who constructs a ship VOL. IV. of the navy. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. p. ix, To repre¬ sent Plato as the father of Idealism. 1888 Bryce Amcr. Commw. II. xli. 105 In ‘ the days of the Fathers ’. b. pi. The Fathers ( of the Church ) : the early Christian writers; usually applied to those of the first five centuries, but by some extended further. Apostolical Fathers', see Apostolical. 1340 Ayenb, 155 Ase zay]> pe boc of collacions of holy uaderes. 1549 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer Pref., If a manne woulde searche out by the auncient fathers. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. iv. ii. 153 As a certaine Father saith. a 1641 Bp. Mountagu Acts <$• Mon. iii. § 54 (1642) 200 To this dis¬ course of Basil, other Fathers agree. 1710 Prideaux Orig. Tithes 141 Irenaeus and Origen, and other Fathers. 1776-81 Gibbon Decl. <$• F. xlvii. note , The Greek as well as the Latin fathers. 1839 Longf. Hyperion iv. vii, I gazed with rapture on the vast folios of the Christian Fathers. 1887 Lowell Democr. Prose Wks. 1890 VI. 14 A Father of the Church said that property was theft many centuries before Proudhon was born. 4 . One who exercises protecting care like that of a father; one who shows paternal kindness; one to whom filial reverence and obedience are due. (In OE. applied to a feudal superior.) .. O. E. Chron. an. 924 Hine geces ha to faeder & to hlaforde Scotta cyning. 1382 Wyclif Job xxix. 16 Fader I was of pore men. 1460 Earl of Marche in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 5. I. 9 Oure..ryght noble lorde and ffadur. 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI , iii. i. 98 A Father of the Common-weale. 1627 Massinger Gt. Dk. Florence 1. ii, For her love I will be a father to thee. 1787 H. Knox Let . 19 Mar. Washing¬ ton's Writ. 1891 XI. 123 ?iote, The glorious republican epithet, The Father of your Country. 1867 Freeman Norm. Com/. (1877) I* hi- r 43 It was meant to assert that Scots..owed no duty to Rome..but only to their Father and Lord at Winchester. b. with reference to patronage of literature. 1513 Douglas YEneis 1. Prol. 85 Fader of bukis, pro* tectour to science. 1837-9 Hallam Hist. Lit. I. v. 1. § 17. 339 Francis I. has obtained a glorious title, the Father of French literature. c. Applied to a religious teacher or counsellor (cf. 6). 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. 1.120 %e sholde be here fadres, and techen hem betere. c 1465 Eng. Chron. 28 Hen. VI (Cam¬ den 1856) 64 There thay slow him horribly, thair fader and thair bisshoppe. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. ix. vii. § 13 He was commonly called Father Gilpin. 1757 in Sidney Life of S. Walker (1838) 281 Dr [dear] Father in the Lord. 1828 Grimshawe Mem. of L. Richmond (1829) 132 He was re¬ garded by them [the communicants] as a father. 1833 in Sidney Life of R. Hill (1834) 408 The minister who read the .. service, substituted the word father for that of brother. 5 . a. Applied to God, expressing His relation to Jesus, to mankind in general (considered either as His offspring, as the objects of His loving care, or as owing Him obedience and reverence),tor to Christians (as His children by regeneration or adoption). Also applied to heathen gods. c 825 Vesp. Psalter lx3*xviii[i] 27 He sececf m ec feder min 5u earS god min. 1 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt, xxiii. 9 An ys eower fsedyr se he on heofonum ys. c 1200 Vices <$• Virtues (1888) 25 And [he] steih in to heuene, and sitt on his fader swiSre. a 1225 Auer. R. 10 pe is also federleas pet haueS purhhis sunne vorlore pene Veder ofheouene. c 1386 Chaucer Pars. 7'.P57 Hehapagiltehisfadercelestial. 1470-85MALORY Arthur xvii. xv, Ioye and honour be to the fader of heuen ! 1533 Gau Richt Vay To Rdr. (1888) 3 Grace marcie and pece of god our fader. 1562 WinJet Last Blast Wks. 1888 I. 41 The lauchfull vocatioun of His Heuinlie Fader. 1775 Harris Philos. Arrangcm. Wks. (1841) 322 Through which relation they are called his offspring, and he their Father. 1821 Shelley Promcth. Unb. 1. 354 Most unwillingly I come, by the great Father’s will driven down To execute a doom of new revenge. 1843 Macaulay Lays Anc. Rome % Horatius lix, O Tiber ! father Tiber, To whom the Romans pray. 1865 Tennyson En. Ard. 785 Uphold me, Father, in my loneliness A little longer ! 1871 Morley Voltaire (1886) 2 Some, .austere step-son of the Christian God, jealous of the divine benignity, .of his father’s house. + b. Applied to Christ. Obs. rare. 1470-85 Malory Arthur xvii. xiv, Fayr fader ihesu Cryste I thanke the. [Hence 1859 Tennyson Guinevere 558 Our fair father Christ.] c. Theol. ( God ) the Father-, the First Person of the Trinity. c 1000 Ags. Gasp. John xiv. 26 Se halije frofre gast be fseder sent on minum naman. £1175 Lamb. Horn. 53 pe feder and pe sune and pe halie gast iscilde us per wift. a 1300 E. E. Psalter i. Gloria, Blisse to pe Fadre and to pe Sone, And to pe Hali Gaste. c 1450 Myrc 459 Leue on fader and sone and holy gost. 1548 tr. Luther s Chiefe Articles Chr. Faythe Avjb, The Holy Goost from the Father and the Sonne procedynge. 1737 Pope Hor. Epist . 11. i. 102 And God the Father turns a School-divine. 1851 Neale Mediaev. Hymns 127 Honour, laud, and praise addressing To the Father and the Son. 6. Ecclesiastical uses. a. The title given to a confessor or spiritual director. Also explicitly spiritual and (arch.) ghostly father (but the former, in Eng., has more usually the sense 1 c). a 1300 Cttrsor M. 27857^ (Cott.) O scrift pon do pi faders rede, sua pat pi saul mai ai be quite. Ibid. 28077 (Cott.) Til ouer lauerd crist and pe, mi gastli fader, yeild i me. 1393 Gower Conf. I. 104 Min holy fader, so I will. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 9 b, Takynge penaunce of our goostly father for our transgressyon & synne. 1677 Lady Ciiaworth in Hist. MSS. Comm. 12th Rep. App. v. 43 The Dfuchess] of Portsmouth, .has promised, it to her ghostly father. 1805 Scott Last Minstr. 11. vi, Penance, father, will I none. b. A priest belonging to a religious order or congregation. Also the title given to the superior of a monastic house in relation to those subject to his rule. 1571 Hanmf.r Chron. Irel. (1633) 48 He .. became father of the Monkes of Saint Hilarie. 1603 Shaks. Meas.for M. iii. ii. 11 'Blesse you good Father Frier. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 164 ?3 A Father of a Convent. 1739 Gray Jrnl. in France Wks. 1884 I. 244 It [the Chartreuse] contains about 100 Fathers, and Freres together. 1756-7 tr. Keyslcrs Trav. (1760) III. 278 S. Maria di Galieraisa beautiful church, and belongs to the fathers of the oratory. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 99 The skill and care with which those fathers [Jesuits] had. .conducted the education of youth. c. Applied to bishops. Right Reverend , Most Reverend Father in God : the formal designation respectively of a bishop and an archbishop. 1508 Fishers SeuenPeuit. Ps., This treatvse. .was. .com- pyled by the ryght reuerente fader in god Iohan Fyssher.. bysshop of Rochester. 1521 (title), The sermon of Iohan the bysshop of Rochester made, .by the assignement of the moost reuerend father in god the lord Thomas Cardinal 1 of Yorke. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill, iii. vii. 61 He is within ; with two right reuerend Fathers Diuinely bent to Medita¬ tion. 168. S. Hollingworth in MS. Bodl. Rawl. Lett. LIX. fob 190 To the Right Reuerant father in God His Grac Wiliam Lord Arch Bishshop of Canterbery. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 354 He had yielded to the in¬ treaties of the fathers of the Church. 1869 Freeman Norm . Conq. (1876) III. xii.89 The Pope and the assembled Fathers. Mod. The most Reverend Father in God (William^, by Divine Providence Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. d. The Holy Father : the Pope. ^1400 Maundev. (1839) xxxi. 314, I ..schewed my lif to oure holy fadir the Pope. a 1562 G. Cavendish Life Wolsey App. (1827) 519 They, .by force imprisoned our holy Father the Pope. e. As a prefix to the name of a priest. Also abbreviated F., Fr. Formerly, as still in Continental use, restricted to the regular clergy(see b). In the present century this has become the customary English mode of designating a Roman Catholic priest, even among those not of his own com¬ munion : but some secular priests still refuse the title as incorrect, preferring to be addressed as ‘ The Rev. A. B. * The abbreviated forms are seldom used exc. by Roman Catholics. As the prefix ‘ Father* was in the 16th c. used only with the names of members of religious orders, its use was of course not continued in the reformed Church of England. Of late years the title has been applied, among a section of the High Church party, to Anglican priests, and some prominent members of that section are very commonly designated by it. 1529 More Dyaloge Wks. 140 The good Scottish freer father Donold. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) II. xiii. 265 Father Simon was courteous. 1741 Challoner Missionary Priests, The same year were banished Father William Weston, S.J., Father John Roberts, O.S.B., Mr. Antony Wright and Mr. James West, priests. 1890 Dublin Rev. XXIV. 236 Our readers do not need to be told who Father Faber was. 7 . At Cambridge ; see quots. 1574 M. Stokys in Peacock St at. Cambridge App. A. (1841) p. vi, The Father shall enter hys commendacions of hys chyldren. 1772 Jebb Remarks 20 The students enter .. preceded by a Master of Arts .. who on this occasion is called the Father of the College to which he belongs. 1803 Gradus ad Cantabrigiam, Father, one of the Fellows of a College .. who.. attends all the examina¬ tions for Bachelor’s Degree, to see that . .justice is done to the men of his own College. 1884 Dickens Diet. Cam¬ bridge 34 Then the Senior Wrangler .. is presented to the Vice-Chancellor by his Father (or Prselector) and receives his degree on his knees. 8 . A respectful title given to an old and vener¬ able man, and (with personification) to a river. 1559 Cunningham Cosmog. Glasse A ivb, How often doth father Moses in his .V. bookes, make mention of Babilon. 1607 Shaks. Cor. v. i. 3 He call’d me Father. 1704 Pope Windsor For. 197 In vain on father Thames she calls for aid. 1742 Gray Eton Coll. 21 Say, Father Thames. .Who foremost now delight to cleave With pliant arm thy glassy wave? 1815 Southey Old Mari's Comforts 1 You are old, Father William, the young man cried. 9 . The oldest member of a society, etc. (Chiefly, with reference to duration of membership; occas. with reference to age.) Father of the City y the senior alderman of the City of London. 1705 Hearne Collect. 13 Sept., S r Robert Clayton. .Aider- man, the Father of y fc City. 1837 Appf.rley The Road (1851) 61 Mr. Warde the father of the field, may. .be called the father of the road also. 1855 Dickens Dorrit vi, You'll be the Father of theMarshalsea. 1880 Athenaeum 18 Dec. 820/1 Sir Edward Sabine, now in his ninety-second year, is the father of the Society. 1893 Daily Tel. 8 July 7/3 The Right Hon. C. P. Villiers, M.P., ‘ Father of the House of Commons ’, was robbed of his watch on Thursday. b. Father of the Chapel : see Chapel 10. 1683 Moxon Printing xxv. 356 The Oldest Freeman is Father of the Chappel. 1888 in Jacobi Printers Vocab. c. Hence, The presiding member, or president; also. The leading individual of a number. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 1. 13 They call Abagni the father of rivers. 1704 Pope Windsor For. 219 Thou too, great father of the British floods ! 1759 Johnson Rasselas i. 1 The mighty emperour, in whose dominions the b ather of Waters begins his course. 1771 Smollett Humph. Cl. (1846) 251, I will take your place .. and think myself happy to be hailed ‘ Father of the Feast ’. 10 . pi. (rarely sing.) The leading men or elders of a city or an assembly. 1590 T. Fenne Frutes 57 A grave father of Carthage who boldlie stood foorth. 1697 Dryden /.Eneid 1.9 From whence FATHER. 98 FATHER-IN-LAW. the Race of Alban Fathers come. 1776-81 Gibbon Decl. 4- F. xlvii. P 13 The fathers .. of the council were awed by this martial array. Ibid. II. 93 A council of senators, emphatic¬ ally styled the Fathers of the City. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth vii, They were, .the fathers of the city. 1837 Haw¬ thorne Twice Told T. (1851) II. ii. 34 The Selectmen of Boston, plain, patriarchal fathers of the people. b. esp. The senators of ancient Rome. Some¬ times Conscript Fathers, see Conscript a. 1. Also used for : The Patricians. 1533 Bellenden Livy 11. (1822) 158 The samin yere deceissit Meninius Agrippa, quhilk wes lufit baith with the Faderis and small pepill. 1588 Shaks. Tit . A. in. iii. 1. Heare me graue fathers. 1741 Middleton Cicero I. v. 382 The authority of the Fathers, and the interests of the Re¬ public. 1843 Macaulay Lays, Rcgillus viii, The Fathers of the City Are met in high debate. — Ft or at ins xxxiii, The Tribunes beard the high, And the Fathers grind the low. 11 . attrib. and Comb. a. appositive (sense 1), as father-bird\ -dog, -fool , -widower ; (sense 1 b) as father-cause , -fount , - grape , - stock , -tree ; (sense 5) as Father- God ; (sense 6) as father-abbot , -confessor , - director , - Jesuit , - preacher , -saint ; (sense 9) as father-poet , -ruffian ; b. attrib., as father-strength ; c. objective, as father-slayer ; also father-sick adj. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xi, The ceremony began with the exhortation of the * Father-Abbot. 1795 Cowfer Pairing Time 56 Soon every *father bird and mother Grew quarrelsome. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. i. 1 The first and *father cause of Common Error. 1756-7 tr. Keyslcrs Trav. (1760) I. 295 The admonitions of his ^father-confessor. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian x, He who appeared to be the *Father-director of the pilgrimage. 1862 H. Marry at Year in Sweden I. 459 The *father-dog was kept tame. 1864 Tennyson Aylmer’s F. 390 One of these old *father-fools. 1884 J. Hall A Chr. Home 46 The *Father-fount of nature. 1875 W. P. Mackay Grace 4- Truth 213 Christians have been made sons of such a ^Father-God. 1842 Tennyson Will Waterproof 7 Such [port] whose ^father-grape grew fat On Lusitanian summers. 1630 Wadsworth Sp. Pilgr. iii. 14 Obedience the Students are bound to bestow vpon ^Father Iesuites. 1711 Shaftesb. CharacS 1737) 1 .243 Before the ageof Homer* or till such time as this ^father-poet came into repute. 1691 tr. Emiliannc s Frauds RomishMonksi’]'] The one half of the Alms, .belongs to the * Father-Preacher. 1814 Scott Ld. of Isles iii. xxix, The *Father-ruffian of the band. 1842 Sir A. de VvKRSong 0/Faith 108 Hear holy lessons from the*Father-Saints. 1748 Richardson Clarissa III. lix.281 So *father-sick ! so family- fond 1 1483 Cath. Angl. 120 A *Fader slaer, patricida. 1598 Sylvester Du Rartas 11. ii. iii. Colonies 526 From fruitfull loyns of one old * Father-stock. 1871 B. Taylor Faust (1875) II. 111. 206 The child in that bright season gaineth The ^father-strength. 1605 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. iii. 1. Vocation 139 Fruits that .. have a vertue given .. to draw their *father-tree to heav’n. 1845 Mrs. Norton Child 1 st. (1846) 132 The ^Father-widower. .Strokes down his youngest child’s long silken hair. 12 . Special combinations : father-better a. Sc. y better than one’s father [cf. .fglhir-betringr sb.]; t father-breeder = father-forger ; father-dust, the fructifying powder in the anther of flowers;—- Pollen ; father-forger, one who counterfeits writings of the Fathers ; father-general, the head or chief of the Society of Jesus ; f father-queller, a parricide; father-waur a. Sc ., ‘ worse than one’s father’ (Jam.). Cf. father-better, and ON .fgtiur- verringr sb. Also in syntactical combinations of the uninflected genitive, father-brother, -sister, Sc. y a paternal uncle, paternal aunt; Father-kin, 1645 R. Baili.ie Lett. (1841) II. 295 Her glowming sonne, whom I pray God to bless, and make *father-better. 1624 Gataker Transubst. 103 Under his name our Popish * Father-breeders have of late set out a many of Sermons and Treatises. 1513 Douglas AEneis vi. vi. 37 We stand con¬ tent . .That ay remane the chaist Proserpyna Within hir *faderisbroderis boundis and ring. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 33 The father brother of the fathers side. 1728-46 Thomson Spring 540 From family diffused To family, as flies the *father-dust, The varied colours run. 1624 Gataker Transubst. 64 Our Popish *Father-forgers have set out divers things. 1587 Fleming Contn. Ilolinshed III. 1326/1 Their father generall deliuering them what he hath in office. 1679 Oates Myst. Itiiq. 16 All these .. do serve as Intelligencers to the Father General, c 1440 Promp. Parv. 145 * Fader QweWare, patricida. 1561 Daus tr. Bui linger on Apoc. (1573) 22 b, A most arrant father queller. a 1641 Bp. Mountagu Acts 4* Mon. iv. § 52 (1642) 280 They would never endure Father-quellers to rule over them. 1597 Skene. De Verb. Sign. s. v. Eneya , The ^father sister and her bairnes suld succeede. Father (f a/ttai), v. [f. prcc. sb.] I . trans. To be or become the father of; to beget. 1483 Cath. Angl. 120 To Fadyr, genitare. 1583 Stanyhurst AEneis 1.285 by Mars fiery fathered twins. 1591 F. Sparry tr. Cattail's Geomancie 81 If the childe be right fathered. 1605 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. iii. 1. Vo¬ cation 99£ Ismael ... lives, to father mighty Progenies. 1611 Shaks. Lymb. iv. ii. 26 Cowards father Cowards, & Base things Syre Bace. 1877 S. Lanier Poems , Florida Sunday 103, I am one with all the kinsmen things That e’er my Father fathered. 1884 Tennyson Bechet iii. iii. 132 Had I fathered him I had given him more of the rod than the sceptre. b. fig. To originate, bring into existence; to be the author of (a doctrine, statement, etc.). x 548 Gest Pr. Masse D iij/i The true meanyng of them who fathered the Canon. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 91 When some grave personage fathereth a lie. 1842 Tennyson Love 4- Duty 7 Shall Error in the round of time Still father 1 ruth ? 1850 Kingsley Alt. Locke \'\\, As wild Icarias .. as ever were fathered by a red Republic, 2 . To appear or pass as, or acknowledge oneself, the father of; + to adopt. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xxxi. 142 On Jus wise ma Y h a i fader anober mannez childe. 1589 Warner Alb. Eng. vi. xxx. (1612) 148 Who so the Childe shall git. .Vulcan, .shall father it. 1678 Dryden True Widow Prol. 32 He’s a sot, Who needs will father what the parish got. 1722 De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 213, I woult^father no brats that were not of my own getting. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 8 The charge of.. fathering a supposititious child. Jig. 1737 Pope Hor . Epist . 11. ii. 170 Use will father what’s begot by Sense. b. To appear or acknowledge oneself as the author of; to adopt; to take the responsibility of. Also + To represent oneself as the owner of. 1591 Horsey Trav. App. (Hakluyt Soc.) 282 They shall not..father any other mens goods but their owne. 1634 Canne Neccss. Separ. (1849) 242 The report goes that he was not the .. author of it, but another did it, and got him to father it. 1662-3 J. Birkenhead Assembly - Man To Rdr., Unwilling to father other mens sins. 1727 Swift To Earl of Oxford, Men of wit, Who often father’d what he writ. 1827 Scott Jml. (1890) II. 25 A singular letter from a lady, requesting I would father a novel of hers. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xx. 498 By these two distinguished men Paterson’s scheme was fathered. Montague undertook to manage the House of Commons, Godfrey to manage the City. 1870 Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. xliv. heading , No other writer should be sought for to father any of the Psalms, when David will suffice. 3 . To act as a father to, look after; to carry out (a law). 1577 tr - Bnllingers Decades (1592) 192 Suppose .. there were no magistrate to execute and as it were to father those lawes. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. iv. ii. 395, I good youth And rather Father thee, then Master thee. 1892 Pall Mall G. 3 May 3/1 The way in which Khama fathers his people. 4 . fa. To trace the father of. Ohs. b. To father oneself : to indicate one’s paternity. Obs. exc. dial. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado 1. i. iii The Lady fathers her selfe : be happie Lady, for you are like an honorable father. 1680 Burnet Rochester 14 A Child is fathered sometimes by its resemblance. 1878 Cumbrld. Gloss, s.v. Fadder , A child having features resembling those of its father * fadders it sel ’. fig. 1808 Scott in Lockhart xviii, This spirited composi¬ tion as we say in Scotland fathers itself in the manliness of its style. 5 . To name or declare the father of (a child). With const, on, upon : To fix the paternity of (a child) on or upon ; to affiliate to. 1570 Levins Manif. 78/1 To Father, patrem nominare. 1611 Speed Thcat. Gt. Brit. i. 2/1 Brute should have had more sons fathered on him. 1625 K. Long tr. Barclay's Argenis 11. xxii. 141 Neptune, upon whom..our Ancestors have fathered all the men of extraordinary huge stature. 17.. Young Tamlane 67-8 Father my bairn on whom I will, I’ll father nane on thee. 1885 Daily News 13 Mar. 7/3 Ufe advised her to father her child. Ibid., He had asked Tier to father it upon the gardener. 6. fig. of 5. To name the author of) rare. With const. ^ of on , upon : To ascribe (some thing) to (a person) as his production tfr work ; to attribute the authorship of (something) to (a person). 1542 Udall Erasm. Apoph.i. xxii. 11 This saiying..is fathered on Socrates. 1548 Gest Pr. Masse I viij, The canones whiche the catholiques father of y° apostles, c 1590 Cartwright in Presbyt. Rev. Jan. 1888 120 Especially if these be ther workes which are fathered of them, a 1635 Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 37 It is a likely report that they father on him. 1764 Franklin Narrative Wks. 1887 III. 269 To father the worst of crimes on the God of peace. 1865 Livingstone Zambesi xix. 398 And coolly fathered the traffic on the Missionaries. b. To father (a thing) upon (something else): to trace to (something) as a source or origin; to lay to the account of. 1608 Yorksh. Trag. 1. iii, Fathering his riots on his youth. 1680 Boyle Scepl. Chem. vi. 433 Such Phantastick and Un-intelligible Discourses.. father’d upon such excellent Experiments. 1702 Eng. Theophrast. 270 We father upon love several dealings and intercourses in which it is not con¬ cerned. 1774 Fletcher Fid. 4- Gen. Creed Pref. Wks. 1795 III. 313 The principle on which such a doctrine might be justly fathered. c. loosely , const, on , tipon : To put upon, im¬ pose upon, attach to. 1816 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1828) II. xvii. 47 This inter¬ pretation has been fathered upon them. 1874 H. R. Rey¬ nolds John Bapt. iii. § 1. 147 note , Some attempt to father on the Christian Church the limitations and orders of the Jewish priesthood. 1885 Law Times LX XIX. 190/2 The word ‘ land’ is to bear the meaning which is fathered upon it by sub-sect. 10 (i.). f 7 . With complement: To assert to be (some¬ thing) in origin ; to declare to have been originally. 1606 Warner Alb. Eng. xiv. lxxxiii. (1612) 346 The Scots .. do father it The Stone that Iacob.. Did sleepe vpon. 1620- 55 L Jones Stone-Heug (1725) 13 Jeffrey Monmouth .. was the first, .that father’d Stone-Heng their Monument. t Fa*ther-a:ge. Obs. [f. Father sb.+ Age.] a. The time of life when one is a father; hence, a mature age. b. An age earlier than the present, a period gone by. 1596 Q. Eliz. Let. in Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) IV. 350 Were it in the nonage of a prince, it might have some colour ; but in a Father-age it seemeth strange. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple I si. 1. ix, Tell me, ye Muses, what our father-ages Have left succeeding times to play upon. Fathered (fa-$ojcl), ppl. a. rare. [f. as prec. + -ed “.] Provided with or having a father. 1601 Shaks. Jul. C. 11. i. 297 Thinke you, I am no stronger than my Sex Being so Father’d, and so Husbanded ? 1605 — Lear lit. vi. 117 That which makes me bend makes the king bow, He childed as I father’d ! 1856 Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh vi. 648 Not much worse off in being fatherless Than I was, fathered. Fatherhood (fa*tfe.i|hud); also + fatherhead. Forms : a. 4-5 fader-, -ir-, -ur-, -yr-, -hed(e, -heed, 5 fatherhed(e, 6 (fathered), Sc. father- heid, 6-7 fatherhead. / 3 . 5 fader-, -ir-, -hode, -hood, (fathyrod), 6 fatherhode, -hoode, 6- fatherhood. [f. Father sb. -f -hood, -head.] 1 . The attribute of being a father; the relation of a father to a child; paternity. Also in spiritual sense. c 1380 Wyci.if Sel. Wks. III. 179 Frute of such fadurhede schal be joye of heven. 1579-80 North Plutarch (1676) 21 Patres Conscripti, which is a name of Father-head, a 1647 Filmer Patriarcha i. § 9 (1884) 19 The right of fatherhood. *759 Johnson Let. to Simpson in Boswell , In his refusal to assist you there is neither good nature, fatherhood, nor wisdom. 1866 Geo. Eliot F. Holt (1868) 119 I’ll lay hold of them by their fatherhood. transf. 1889 Boys' Own Paper 23 Mar: 400/1 The father¬ hood of the game [stool-ball] to cricket is unmistakable. b. applied to God in his relation to mankind. 1611 Perkins Cases Consc. (1619) 368 He beares in his person the image of Gods paternitie, or father-hoode. c 1620 Donne Serm. xxxviii. 380 Now we consider God in a two¬ fold Paternity a two-fold Fatherhood. 1830 E. Irving in Mackintosh Life II. 477 We pray for those orphans who have been deprived of their parents and are now thrown on the fatherhood of God. 1876 A. Swanwick in Contcmp. Rev. June 116 This conception of the universal Fatherhood of God. .has changed, .the aspect of the world. c. with especial reference to Eph. iii. 15 after the Vulgate rendering (pat emit as ). 1382 \W\c\AvEph. iii. 15 Oure Lord Jhesu Crist, of whom ech fadirheed in heuenesand in erthe is named. 1583 Gold¬ ing Calvin on Deut. xxxvi. 214 We heare that all father- hoode proceedeth of God. 1588 A. King tr. Canisius ’ Catech.y Prayers 36 To the Father.. frome quhome al fatherheid in heauen and earth is named. U d. confused use. The attribute of having a certain father. 1846 Kf.ble Lyra Innoc ., Children Like Parents 7 To descry The welcome notes of fatherhood, In form, and lip, and eye. 1878 Grosart H. More's Poems Mem. Introd. 41/1 His conception of our common Fatherhood and Brotherhood was Christ-like. 2 . The relation of an author, originator, or per¬ petrator. rare. 1871 H. B. Forman Our Living Poets 462 Any more than Silisco and Ruggiero, .lack, .fatherhood to fine sayings. 1885 Mancjt. Exam. 26 Jan. 5/1 To adopt the fatherhood of such atrocities is an easy way of obtaining credit. •f 3 . Authority of or as of a father in various senses ; paternal authority, headship. Obs. c 1460 Play Sacram. 894 And in fatherhed that longyth to my dygnyte Vn to yow r grefe I wylle gyf credens. 1563-87 Foxe A 4* M. (1596) 195/2 Yet had Becket no cause to claime fatherhood ouer the King. 1610 Bp. Carleton Jurisd. 4 Others, .content to allowe the Pope’s Fatherhood in spirituall matters. 1645 Milton Tetrach. (1851) 165 Shall fatherhood, which is but man, for his own pleasure dissolve matrimony? 1690 Locke Govt. 1. ii. (1694) 5 We might have had an entire Notion of this Fatherhood, or Fatherly Authority, f 4 . The personality of a father ; in Thy , your, etc. fatherhood^, a form of address, denomination, or title given : a. to ecclesiastics, esp. those of high rank. His Holy Fatherhood , the Pope. Obs. C1400 Maundev. (1839) xxxi. 314 And [I] besoughte his holy fadirhode, |>at my boke myghte be examyned. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 247/1 What thyng is in me yt hath dis- plesyd thy faderhede. 1534 Hildebrand (W. de W.)Avj, Althoughe he haue fulfylled the penaunce of thy fatherhode enjoyned. 1546 Bale Eng. Votaries 11. (1550) 22 b, Gregory the vj. .had nothynge left hym, to sustayne hys owne holy fathered, .but the bare offerynges and a fewe rentes there besydes. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 870 Sixe whole books, should, by their father-hoods of Trent, be .. im¬ periously obtruded upon God, and his Church. 1641 Prynne Antip. 113 Never to make an end, till both parties hath given some possessions to his Holy Father-head. a 1661 Fuller Worthies m. 147 He reproved Pope Sergius his fatherhood, for being a father indeed to a Base Child. b. to God. £•1485 Digiy Myst. (1882) iii. 904 That my prayour be resowndable to [u fathyrod In glory. 1531 Tindale Exp. 1 John 22 His fatherhed geueth pardon frely. c. to a literal father; hence gen. to persons having a claim to respect. c 1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. 46 Not to displease your Fatherhood. 1461 Paston Lett. No. 410 II. 39, I submytt me lowlely to your good faderhood. 1608 Middleton Trick to Catch Old One 1. iv, Now to the judges, ‘ May it please your reverend honourable fatherhoods.’ 1682 Bunyan Holy War 256 If what we have said shall not by thy Father¬ hood be thought best. t Fa thering, vbl. sb. Obs. [f. Father v. + -ing k] The action of the vb. Father ; an instance of this. 1549 Coverdale Erasm. Par. Rom. i. 1 A fauourable and gentle fatherying. Ibid. 6 Ye Romaines are .. by adopcion & fatheryng, called all to the..Surname of Iesus Chnste. Father-in-law (fa-Sarinl^). Also 5 fadyr in, yn, lawe, faderlaw, 6 fatherlaw. [App. in law - in Canon law. Cf. Brother-in-law.] 1 . The father of one’s husband or wife. c 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. 2272 Philomene , Un-to his fadyr in lawe gan he preye. 1467 Mann. 4- Honseh. Exp. FATHERKIN 99 FATHOM. 172 John Hobcs and is faderlaw. a 1553 Ld. Berners If non lxiv. 221 Gerard, called to hym Ins father in law, his wyfes father. 1598 Chapman Iliad in. 187 The fairest of her sex replied : Most reverend father-in-law, Most loved, most fear’d, a 1704 T. Brown Eng. Sat. Wks. 1730 I. 25 This ungenerous father-in-law ..discreetly hanged himself. 1843 Bethune Sc. Fireside Stor. 51 We are before the door of your intended father-in-law. fig. 1650 B. Discolliminium 15 Pretended Necessity [is] the Father-in-law of intended iniquity. 2 . = Stepfather. Now commonly regarded as a misuse. 1552 Huloet, Father in lawe, vitricus. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill , v. iii. 81 All comfort that the darke night can affoord, Be to thy Person, Noble Father in Law. 1598 Grenewey Tacitus Ann. in. vi. (1622) 72 A..band of alli¬ ance. .betwixt the father in law, and his wines children. 1748 Richardson Clarissa IV. xxiii. 122 Nancy could not bear a father-in-law. 1773 Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. 1. ii. Father-in-law has been calling me a whelp and hound. 1838 Dickens Nick. Nick, iv, I am not their father, I’m only their father-in-law. 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. 1 vi, I did not like my father-in-law to come home. Hence Father-in-law v. nonce-ivd ., to call (a man) father-in-law. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones xv. v, I’ll teach you to father- in-law me. i Fatlierkin. Obs. [OE. fader cyn ( = ON. fpQur /cyn) , f. feeder , genit. of feeder Father -i- cyn Kin. OE. had also fxd(e)ren cyn , where the former word is an adj.] Descent by the father’s side. O. E. Chron. an. 755 § 3 And hiera ryht freder cyn gaej) to Cerdice. [a 1000 Crist. 248 (Gr.) Nil we areccan ne ma^on faedrencynn.] c 1440 Promp. Parv. 145 Fadyr- kyn, or modyrkyn, parentela. 1556 J. Hey wood Spider <$* F. xxxix. 71 From which grownd..by my fatherkin I will not starte. Fatherland (fa-Sailfend). [f. Fatheb sb. + Land.] 1 . The land of one’s birth, one’s country, f In fatherland , at home (opp. to abroad). Cf. Mother-country. 1623 Wodroephe Marrow Fr. Tongue 270, I thanke my lucke that hath caused me to find here my Countryman, and one of my Fatherland. 1635 T. Odell {title), A brief and short Treatise called the Christian’s Fatherland. 1683 F. Ellis Let. in Hedges' Diary (1887) 120, I hope..to meet with much better [Justice] in Father-Land for y° inexpressable damage done me. 1799 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. VII. 399 Through thee alone the father-land is dear. 1840 Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) V. 130 Returning to their fatherland in peace. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets v. 138 Stesichorus acknowledged an Ionian colony for his father- land. b. Used to translate the Dutch or German vaderland, vale r land. The Fatherland : now usually = Germany. 1672 Temple Ess. Govt. Wks. 1731 I. 100 The Dutch., instead of our Country, say our Father-land. 1791-1823 D’Israeli Cur. Lit. (1858) III. 31 The glorious history of its independence under the title of V'aderlandsche Historic — tire history of Father-land. 1839 W. Chambers Tour Holland 9/iThe attachment which the Dutch show to their Vaderland, or Fatherland, as they commonly term it. 1864 Macm. Mag. Oct. 433 Its [Tubingen’s] famousUniver- sity. .more identified with the spiritual, .development of Germany than any other single institution in the Father- land. 1874 Morley Compromise (1886)6 A German has his dream of a great fatherland. 2 . The land of one’s fathers; mother-country. 1822 W. Irving Braceh. Hall I. 13 The ancient and genuine characteristics of my father land. 1831 Blackw. Mag. Sept. 528/2 They [the Americans] look to a dreadful breaking-up of those old establishments, under the shelter of which have grown..the liberties of their ‘father-land* [Great Britain]. Hence Fatherlandisli a. [ + -ish], of, or per¬ taining to, one’s fatherland. 1832 tr. Tour Germ. Prince III. x. 279 Two genuine Niirnberg housewives, dressed in their fatherlandish caps. Ibid. IV. ii. 117 The immoveable and unchangeable father¬ landish friend,—the majestic Mont Blanc. Fa'ther-la'sher. The name of two species of sea-fish, Cottns bubalis and scorpius. 1674 Ray Collect. Words , Fishes 104 Father-lasher , Cor- nubiensibus pueris dictus: Scorprena Bellony. 1740 R. Brookes Art of Angling 11. xx. 125 The Father-lasher., when full-grown does not exceed nine Inches in length. 1863 Couch Fishes Brit. I si. II. 9 The Father-lasher, or Sting-fish, will live long out of the water. Fatherless (fzrtteiles), a. [See -less. In the OE. fcadur-leas the first element is the normal form (not elsewhere occurring) corresponding to ON . fiftiir genitive of /after] the word is therefore not in origin a true compound, but a syntactic combination; cf. ON . fgftur- lauss.] 1 . Having no father. c 1205 Lay. 21897 pu hauest.. vre children imaken faderlese. a 1225 Ancr. R. 10 Helpen widewen & federlease children. a 1340 Hampole Psalter ix. 42 pe fadirles barn, c 1450 Merlin ii. 35 Sholde ye not haue sought the fadirles childe. 1549 Bk. Com. Prayer Litany, That it may please thee to ..provide for the fatherlesse children and widows. 1594 Shaks. Rich. III. 11. ii. 64 Our fatherlesse distresse was left vnmoan’d. 1600 Holland Livy 11. 76 The commonwealth was half fatherlesse as it were, for the losse of a Consult. 1719 J. Richardson .SV:. Connoisseur 127 We can be satisfied we are not .. exposed here in a Fatherless World. 1801 Southey Thalaba 1. ii, The widow’d mother and the father¬ less boy. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets vii. 229 How shall I, Brotherless, friendless, fatherless, alone, Live on ? absol. c 1000 Ags. Ps. xciii. [xciv.] 6 Widwan & wrecan of-slo^un & feadur-lease of-slogun. c 1300 Havelok 75 To pe faderles was he rath. 1382 Wyclif Jus. i. 27 Pupilles, that is, fadirles or modirles or bothe. i6ix Bible Ps. lxviii. 5 A father of the fatherlesse. c 1737 Dodsley Epit. Q. Caroline Misc. (1777) 227 Ask the cries of the Fatherless, they shall tell thee. 1813 Shelley Q. Mab 111. 28 Hearest thou not The curses of the fatherless? 2 . Of a book, etc.: Without a known author; anonymous. Obs. exc. with intentional metaphor. 1611 Beaum. & Fl. Philaster iv. ii. There’s already a thousand fatherless tales amongst us. 1641 R. Brooke Eng. Episc. 11. i. 67 A fatherlesse Treatise of Timothy’s Martyrdome. 1732 London Mag. I. 78 To call that a fatherless Story. 1803 Pic Nic No. 14 (1806) II. 261 She humanely adopted several fatherless essays .. that were wandering about the world. Hence Fa therlessness, fatherless condition. I 7 2 7 _ 3 6 in Bailey. 1832 in Webster ; and in later Diets. Fatherlike (fa^foiloik), a. and adv . [f. as prec. + -like.] Like a father. A. adj. + 1 . Resembling one’s father. Obs. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. vi. 135 Fadyre-lyk in all hys Dedis. 1614 R. Wilkinson Paire Scrm. 11 It were well for the child, if it were not so fatherlike, .as it is. 2 . Having the aspect and bearing of a father. 1887 Pall Mall G. 5 Apr. 2/1 One of the most loveable and father-like men I have ever seen. 3 . Such as is proper to a father ; such as a father would do ; fatherly. 1570 Levins Manip. 122 Fatherlike, palernus. 1581 Marbeck Bk. of Notes 138 This manner of breaking of bread was verie fatherlike and commendable among the elders of olde time, a 1641 Bp. Moijntagu Acts <$• Mon. iv. § 67 (1642) 296 He gave them father-like education. 1654 Fuller Comm. Ruth { 1868). 127 Young men will herupon take occasion.. to despise their.. father-like authority. 1681 W. Robertson Phrascol. Gen. (1693) 1079 This is right father-like. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Faathcr-like , fatherly. B. adv. As a father, in a fatherly manner. 1604 Drayton Owl 539 How father-like he giues afflic¬ tion bread. 1675 Brooks Gold. Key Wks. 1867 V. 567 Observe how fatherlike he melts and mourns over them. 1834 H. F. Lyte Hymn , ‘ Praise my Soul ,’ Father-like he tends and spares us. 1864 Tennyson En. Ard. 154 The feeble infant. .Whom Enoch took, .and fondled fatherlike. Fatherliness (fa-fterlines). [f. Fatherly a. + -ness.] The quality of being fatherly ; fatherly character, function, or feeling. 1551 Cheke Matt. Let. iv. (1843)116 His fatherlines in life, his authoritee in knowlege. 1662 J. Chandler Van HelmonCs Oriat. 147 Although a fleshly Father doth give of his own, whence tne name of Paternity or fatherliness is given unto him. 1727-36 in Bailey. 1820 L. Hunt Indi¬ cator No. 16 (1822) I. 124 Ah, young gentleman, said he (for so he called me in the fatherliness of his age\ 1856 Lit. Churchman II. 90/1 The fatherliness of God, as distin¬ guished from His justice. Fatherling (fa-tfeilig). (Only in nonce-uses.) [f. Father sb. + -ling.] A little father. Used a. as an affectionate mode of address; b. in contempt. 1625 Ussher Answ. Jesuit 282 These bastard fatherlings in their Nicene Creed, did not onely insert this clause., but, etc. 1826 Blackw. Mag. XX. 847 In what nation., but the German, does a daughter address her father as her 4 dear little fatherling ’ ? Father-long-legs. = Daddy-long-legs (the cranefly, and longHegged spider). 1796 Morse Amer. Gcog. I. 226 Father Long Legs , Phalangium. Several species. 1808 Sporting Mag. XXXI. 169 A spider, or a father long legs. 1856 Miss Yonge Daisy Chain 11. xxii. (1879) 600 Mary climbs like a cow, and Ethel like a father-long-legs. Fatherly (fa/ftoili), a. [ OJL.feederlic, i. feeder, Father + -lie : see -ly L] fl. Of or pertaining to a (natural or spiritual) father ; paternal. Obs. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado iv. i. 75 By that fatherly and kindly power, That you haue in her. 1626 L. Owen Spec. Jesuit. (1629) 33 Of his owne meere fatherly and Apostati- call motion, a 1633 Lennard tr. Charrou's Wisd. 1. xlvii. § 3 (1670) 174 Now this fatherly power, .is almost of it self lost and abolished. + b. Of or pertaining to ancestors; ancestral. Hence also, Venerable. Obs. a 1000 Elcne 431 (Gr.) \>y laes..pa federlican lare [sien] forketen. 1581 Sidney Apol. Poetric (Arb.) 48 Poetrie is.. of most fatherly antiquitie. 1634 Canne Necess. Separ. (1849) 154 Ecclesiastical decrees, constitutions, provincial and synodal statutes, fatherly customs. 2 . Resembling a father; + a. In age, hence, venerable (obs.). b. In character or demeanour. 1577 Northbrooke Dicing { 1843) 19 That place is more fitte for such olde fatherly men as you are, than for such yong men as I am. 1583 Stubbes Anat. Abus. 11. (1882) 71 The bishops are graue, ancient, and fatherlie men. 1777 Mad. D’Arblay Early Diary (1889) II. 277 How friendly, and fatherly, sweet soul! 1832 L. Hunt Sir R. Esher (1850) 89 A gentleman, .who.. having no children is so fatherly as to take care of the children of others. 1867 O. W. Holmes Guardian Angel iv. (1891) 47 He had been fatherly with Susan Posey. 3 . Of the feelings and conduct: Such as is proper in or from a father ; natural to a father ; paternal. c 1440 Gesta Rttni. Iii. 232 (Harl. MS.) Crist, .hathe to vs a fadirlye afleccion. 1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.). 28 Y.. thankid him that he wolde white safe to chaste me.. in a fadyrly chastment. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 198 The father of heuen shewed hymselfe in a fatherly voyce, sayenge. 1533 Gau Richt Vay (1888) 86 Lat vsz knaw thy faderlie Iwiff. 1623 Jas. I. in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 283. III. 141 With my fatherlie blessing. 1649 Bp. Hall Cases Consc. iii. iv. 264 Humbly to submit yourselfe to his fatherly directions. 1776 Foote Bankrupt 11. Wks. 1799 II. 122 Per¬ haps.it was a fatherly weakness. 1801 Southey Thalaba x. xiii.’Twas fear, Fatherly fear and love. 1828 J /Israeli Chas. /, I. ii. 16 The fatherly admonition was received in silence. Fatherly (fa'Saili), adv. [f. Father sb. + -ly 2.] I n a fatherly manner, as a father; with a father’s care and affection. a 1500 Orel. Sap. in Anglia X. 364, I am so fadirly admonestid. 1589 PasquiVs Return D ij, Exhorting him fatherlie to giue ouer that course, a 1723 I. Mather Vind. New Eng. in Andros Tracts II. (1869) 27 God hath for a while Fatherly Chastised them by those Rods, c 1848 Lowell Changeling , I cannot lift it up fatherly, And bliss it upon my breast. 1853 Mrs. Browning Poems , Runaway Slave , The sky..That great smooth Hand of God stretched out On all his children fatherly. Fathership (fa-SarJip). [f. Father sb.+ -SHIP.] The position, state or relation of a father; paternity, fatherhood. + Also in His Fathership : the personality of an ecclesiastical father. 1583 Golding Calviti on Dent. lxxx. 489 Let vs beware of such maner of fathership. 1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals 1.11. 60 His Fathership. 1755 Johnson, Paternity , fathership; the relation of a father. 1809 Southey Lett. (1856) II. 168 After the fathership, and sonship, and all the other ships have been exhausted. 1871 Sat. Rev. 15 Apr. 457 There was not a throne which did not acknowledge in his [the Pope’s] fathership the palladium of its liberty and strength. 1875 M. Collins Blacksmith <5- Scholar , etc. (1876) III. 107 The man whose fathership she disowned. 1890 T. W. Allies Peters Rock 468 The civil bond sprung from a spiritual fathership. f Fa - 1 holt. Sc. Obs. rare. [? a. Du. vathoul, f. vat cask + limit wood.] ? Staves for casks. 1543 A herd. Ref;. V. 18 (Jam ), xij hundreth fatholt at fourty sh. the hundreth. Fathom (fc'ta), sb. Forms : i ftcftm, fsedm, 2-4 fedme, 4 fejxme, fademe, 3 fadim, (fadum, fathum, south. ve'Sme), 4-5 fadme, 4-6 fadom(e, 5-6 fadam(e, fathem, (Sc. fadowme, fawdom(e, 5 fadmen, fadym, south, vathyro, veth(e)ym, 6 faddam, feddom, Sc. faldom, faudom, south. vadome),6 fatham(e, 6-7 fathome, 7 faddom(e, 7- fathom. [OE. fixSm str. masc. (also fern.) corresponds to OFris .fethm sing., OS .fathmSs pi., the two arms outstretched (D11. vadem, vaam, measure of 6 feet), OHG. fadum cubit (mod.G. faden measure of 6 feet), ON. fapmr (lcel.fadmr, Da. favn, Sw. famn) the outstretched arms, em¬ brace, bosom, also measure of 6 feetOTeut. *fiapmo-z, cognate with Goth, fapa, MHG. vade enclosure, f. Tent, root fep-, fap- pre-Teut. pet-, pot-, whence also Gr. irtVaAor spreading, broad, 7 uravvvvai to spread out. Formally identical with this word are the MDu. vadem, OHG. fadum,/adam(NlHG. vadem, vaden, mod.G .faden), thread ; cf. OWelsh etem in same sense. Possibly the two widely divergent senses of the type *fapmo- may be ex¬ plained as different applications of the etymological sense ‘stretching out’.] 11 . In pi. The embracing arms; in sing. = Bosom i b. OE. only. a 1000 Riddles xxvii. 25 (Gr.) Freonda by ma^a. .hi Iufan faeSmuin faeste clyppaS. a 1000 Andreas 825 iGr.) Da., het lifes brytta. .englas sine, faetSmum ferigean.. leofne. f b. fig. Grasp, power. Obs. Beowulf 1210 3 ehwearf la in Francna fa. 5 i:i feorh cyninges. a 1000 Crist i486 (Gr.) pc ic alysde me feondupi of tconie. 1607 Middleton Michaelm. Term Induct., I grasp best part of the autumnian blessing In my con¬ tentious fathom. 1622 Fletcher Prophetess 11. i. He beleeves the earth is in his fadom. + c. The object of embrace, the c wife of thy bosom \ Obs. rare ~ \ 1602 Dekker Satiromastix Wks. 1873 I. 209 Thy Bride . .She that is now thy fadom. 2 . + a. A stretching of the arms in a straight line to their full extent. Also in to make a fathom. 1519 Horman Vulg. 29The length, .fro the both toppysof his myddell fyngers, whan he maketh a vadome. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts 717 The first of these homes, .being of the length of my fadoine. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iv. v. 191 The extent of his fathome. .is equall unto the space between the soale of the foot and the crowne. 1785 Burns Halloween xxiii. note , Take an opportunity of going . .to a bean-stack, and fathom it three times round. Th.e last fathom of the last time you will catch in your arms the appearance of your future conjugal yoke-fellow. b. fig. Breadth of comprehension, grasp of intellect; ability. Obs. exc. arch. 1604 Shaks. Oth. I. i. 153 Another of his Fadome, they haue none. 1827 T. Hamilton Cyril Thornton (1845)89 This, .is beyond my fathom to determine. 3 . A measure of length. + a. The length of the forearm ; a Cubit. Obs. c 1000 /111.i kic Gloss, in Wr.-Wiilcker 158/10 Cubitum, Faedm betwux elbogan and handwyrste. c 1000 — Gen. vi. 15 preo hund fajima bi|? se arc on lenge. a 1175 Colt. Horn. 225 An arc h reo bund fedme lang. c 1205 Lay. 27686 pat sper }>urh raehte fulle ane ue 5 me. a 1300 Cursor M. 21532 (Gott) He right depe had doluen dare, Ma b an tuenti fadim or mare, c 1440 Promp. Parv. 145 fadme, or fadyme, ulna. b. The length covered by the outstretched arms, including the hands to the tip of the longest finger ; hence, a definite measure of 6 feet (formerly for some purposes less: see quot. I 75 I )> now chiefly used in taking soundings. a 800 Corpus Gloss., Passus, faeSin, ucl tuegen stridi. 13-2 FATHOM 100 FATIGATION. c 1300 K. A/is. 546 His taile was fyve fedme long, c 1400 Rom. Rose 1393 These trees were sette. .One from another in assise Five fadme or sixe. c 1450 Merlin 31 This tour is iij or iiij fadom of height, a 1490 Botoner I tin. (Nasmith 1778) 175 Arches of x vethym yn hyth. 1496 Ld. Treets . Acct. Scot. (1877) I. 291, vj fawdome of smal pai^oune tow, ilk fawdome ij d. 1526 Tindale Acts xxvii. 28 The ship- men, .sounded and founde it .xx. feddoms. 1580 Baret Alv. F 199 As big as four men could compasse with their armes, or foure fathom broade. 1610 Shaks. Temp. 1. ii. 396 Full fadom fiue thy Father lies. 1643 Winthrop Jrfil. (1790) 325 They, .presented the court with twenty-six fathom more of wampom. 1688 R. Holme Armoury m. 163/2 The deep¬ ness of Water is sounded by Faddoms. _ 1748 Anson's Voy. 111. ii. 219 We could not find ground with sixty fathom of line. 1751 Chambers Cycl.s.v., There are three kinds of fathoms .. The first, which is that of men of war, contains six feet ; the middling, or that of merchant ships, five feet and a half; and the small fathom, used in fluyets, fly-boats, and other fishing-vessels, only five feet. 1814 Scott Ld. of Isles hi. xx, ‘Where lies your bark?’ ‘ Ten fathom deep in ocean dark!’ 1865 Livingstone Zambesi ix. 197 We., handed him two fathoms of cotton cloth. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. 176 The Gulf Stream itself is not more than 100 fathoms deep. f c. (See quots.; perh. some error.) 06 s. 1692-1708 Coles, Fathom , three Feet in length. 1751 Chambers Cycl. s. v., Fathom is..used in several countries, particularly Italy, for the common yard or ell. d. in pi. Depths, lit . and fig. Also in fig. ex¬ pressions Fathoms deep, fathoms down ; cf. 6. 1608 Middleton Trick to Catch Old. One hi. i, Swallow up his father. .Within the fathoms of his conscience. 1611 Shaks. IVint. T. iv. iv. 502 All. .the profound seas, hides In vnknovvne fadomes. 1880 Miss Braddon Just as I am xviii, You will sink fathoms deep in my respect. 4 . Mining (see quot. 1SS1). 1778 W. Pryce Min. Cornub. Gloss. 320/1 Work in the Cornish Mines, is generally performed by the fathom. 1872 Raymond Statist. Mines <$• Mining 315 [Cost of] stoping $12 or $18 per fathom [of ore]. 1881 — Mining Gloss., A fathom of mining ground is six feet square by the whole thickness of the vein. 5 . A certain quantity of wood; now, a quantity 6 ft. square in section, whatever the length may be. 1577 Harrison England 11. xxii. (1877) 1. 340 Our tanners buie the barke..by the fadame. 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 317 A Fathom of Wood is a parcel of Wood set out, six whereof make a Coal Fire. 1681 Blount Glossogr., When a Ship is past service they saw the wood of it in length, and sell it by the fathom, which is six foot, two broad, and six high. 1835 Tariff Tables in M c Cu!loch Diet. Commerce 1133 Lathwood in pieces under 5 feet in length, per fathom, 6 feet wide and 6 feet high [duty] £4 5 s. o d .; 12 feet long or upwards, per fathom, 6 feet wide and 6 feet high, £13 i2S.od. 1875 T. Laslett Timber <5* Timber Trees 252, 18000 fathoms of firewood were imported into London in 1874. 6. attrib. and Comb., as fathom lot; fathom- deep a. =fathoms deep (see 3 d), excessively deep ; fathom health, a health (drunk) fathoms deep (see prec.) ; fathom line, the line used in testing the depth of the sea in fathoms ; also fig .; fathom- proof (nonce-wd.), unfathomable; fathom-tale (Mining), a fixed sum for every fathom excavated; fathom-wood [cf. Sw. famnved , Ger. fadenholz\ (see quot. 1S67). 1835 Ed in. Rez>. Apr. 75 * Fathom-deep in murders and debaucheries. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. x. 18 If., the roaring wells Should gulf him fathoin-deep in brine. 1600 Dekker Gentle Craft Wks. 1873 I. 71 Carowse mee "fadome healths to the honour of the shoomakers. 1596 Shaks. 1 Hen. IV, 1. iii. 204 The deepe, Where *Fadome-line could neuer touch the ground. 1816 Byron Pr. of Chillon vi, The fathom-line was sent From Chillon’s snow-white battle¬ ment. 1821 Shelley Epipsych. po The brief fathom-line of thought or sense. 1792 Elizabeth Percy I. 91 As if he thought what passed, a smooth surface, but not *fathom- proofi 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., * Fathom-tale . .prob¬ ably arises from the payment for such work by the space excavated, and not by the ore produced. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk ., * Fathom-wood, slab and other offal of timber, sold at the yards, by fathom lots. Fathom (fe'&'sm), v. Forms: i feeSmian, 3 fadme, 4 fajime, 6-7 fadom(e, fathame, 7 fathome, 7- fathom. [OE. fxbmian = OHG. fademon, ON. faptna (Icel.fadma, Da.favue, Sw. fanina) OTeut. *fapm 6 jan, f.*fapmo- Fathom jA] 1 . trails. To encircle with extended arms. c 1300 Havclok 1295 And mine armes weren so longe, That I fadmede, al at ones, Deneinark, with mine longe bones. 1637 Pocklington Altare Chr. 91 It contained too many Cubits for him to. .fathome it roundabout. 1646 J. Hall Iloree Vac. 71 No man ought to graspe more then he can well fathome. 1775 in Ash. 1810 J. Hodgson Let. in Raine Mem. (1857) I. 65 Ten trunks each more than I can fathom. 1828 Scott Jrnl. II. 187 Trees..so thick that a man could not fathom them. transf and fig. Beowulf 3133 Hie. .leton. .flod feSmian fraetwa hyrde. a 1000 Andreas 1574 (Gr.) Waiter faeSmedon. 1626 Mas¬ singer Rom. Actor v. i, Caesar .. in his arms Fathoming the earth. 1644 Digby Nat. Bodies Ded. (1658) 15 Flashy wits, .cannot fadom the whole extent of a large discourse. + b. To clasp or embrace (a person). To fathom together : to embrace mutually. Obs. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. B. 399 Frendez fellen in fere farmed to-geder. c 1440 Promp. Parz>. 145 Fadmyn(fadomyn, P.), ulno. 1629 T. Adams Fatall Banket , Shot Wks. 1861 I. 242 Lascivious Delilahs. .fadomed him in the arms of lust. 2 . Of two or more persons: To encircle by ex¬ tending the arms in line, with the view of measur¬ ing the girth. Obs. exc. arch. 1555 Eden Decades 68 Seuen men .. with theyr armes streached furthe were scarsely able too fathame them [trees] aboute. 1652-62 Heylyn Cosmogr. in. (1682) 148 Stocks of Vines..as big in bulk as two men can fathom. 1724 R. Falconer Voy. (1769) 135 Mr. Musgrave and I could but just fathom it. 1874 Dasent Tales fr. Fjeld 261 We will fathom it [a tree] and then we shall soon see. b. Of one person : To measure in fathoms by means of the two outstretched arms. rare. 1680 Play-bill in Rendle & Norman Inns Old Southwk., He [the Gyant] now reaches ten foot and a half, fathoms near eight feet, spans fifteen inches. 1785 BUrns [see Fathom sb. 2 a]. + 3 . intr. To fathom about : to try what the arms will take in ; to grope about. Obs. rare. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. C. 273 per he festnes h e fete & fathmez aboute, & stod vp in his stomak. 4 . trans. To measure with a fathom-line; to ascertain the depth of (water) ; to sound. 1634 Brereton Trav. (1844) 5 Fathoming the depth of the water over against Brill, we found [etc.]. 1665 SirT. Her¬ bert Trav. (1677) 253 In other places .. [the Ocean] never hitherto has been fathomed. 1721-1800 in Bailey. 1860 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea xiii. § 563 Attempts to fathom the ocean, both by sound and pressure. fig. 1613 Hieron Spirit. Sonne-ship ii. Serm. 372 This loue, to bee Sonnes, who can fadome it? 1642 R. Car¬ penter Experic7ice v. xvii. 314 O God, who can fadome thy eternity? 1681 Dryden Abs. <5* A chit. 742 To sound the depths and fathom. .The Peoples hearts. 1732 Berke¬ ley Alciphr. vi. § 17 An abyss of .wisdom which our line cannot fathom. 1875 Hamerton Intell. Life vm. i. 281 A.. French nobleman whose ignorance I have frequent opportunities of fathoming. b. To get to the bottom of, dive into, penetrate, see through, thoroughly understand. 1625 Massinger New IVayv. i,The. .statesman, .believes he fathoms The counsels of all Kingdoms on the earth. 1686 J. Smith Baroscope 91 Causes .. very difficult for Human Wit to Fathom. 1748 Anson's Voy. 111. ix. 400 There was some treachery designed him, which he could not yet fathom. 1781 Mad. D’Arblay Diary May, [His] character I am at this moment unable to fathom. 1839 Keightley Hist. Eng. I. 443 He could conceal his own designs and fathom those of others. 1853 C. Bronte Villette xxxvii. (1876) 416, I saw something in that lad’s eye I never quite fathomed. 5 . intr. To take soundings, lit. ax\&fig. Also, + To fathom into : to enquire into. 1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. 1. iii, And deeply fadom’d into all estates. 1751 R. Paltock P. Wilkins (1884) I. 84 When fathoming, I could find no bottom. 1855 Milman Lat. Chr. (1864) III. vi. ii. 389 The philosopher ..went fathoming on .. in the very abysses of human thought. 1878 Browning La Saisiaz 72, I can fathom by no plum¬ met-line sunk in life’s apparent laws. Fathomable (fseiSsmab’l), a. [f. prec. + -able.] Capable of being fathomed or sounded. 1697 Dampier Voy. (1698) I. 531 Southward of all the Soundings, or fathomable ground. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. b. fig. Comprehensible ; intelligible. 1633 Ames Agst. Ccrcm. 11. 178 These [arguments] .. seeming more fadomable. 1647 Bp. Hall Satan'sfiery darts quenched 111. vi. 303 Things .. not fadomeable by reason. 1781 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 26 June, Mr. Crutchley .. continues the least fathomable .. of all men I have seen. Fathomer (farftamoi). Also 6-7 fadomer, 7 feathomer. [f. as prec. + -er k] 1 . One who fathoms: in the senses of the vb. 1598 Florio, Scandagliatorc . .a fadomer of the sea. 1616 Lane Sqr.'s T. ix. 25 Time, the feathomer of wittes and spoile. 1660 Howell Lex. Tct?'agl., A Fadomer, toiseur. 1790 Cowper Iliad 1. 726 Fathomer of my conceal’d designs. 2 . An instrument for ascertaining the depth of the sea (see quot.). 1823 Mechanic's Mag. No. 4. 59 The object of the Fathomer is to obtain soundings without heaving-to. Fa'thoming, vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ing b] 1 . The action of encircling with the arms. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 145 Fademynge, 7 ilnacio. 1630 Donne Serm. lxxii. 736 A net is a large thing past thy Fadomin^ if thou cast it from thee, but if thou draw it to thee, it will lie upon thy arme. 2 . The action or process of ascertaining the depth (of the sea, etc.). 1642 Rogers Naaman 181 The fadoming of so bottome- lesse depth. 1727 Philip Quarllq 9 Very expert in the Art of Fathoming. b. attrib., as fathoming-linc. a 1800 Cowper Comm. Milton's P. L. 11. 934 A fathoming¬ line., for the purpose of sounding an abyss. 1874 H. R. Reynolds John Bapt. vi. § 1. 364 The prophet here plunged his fathoming line into a deep ocean. Fathomless (fse-'Saihles), a. [f. as prec. + -LESS.] •|- 1 . That cannot be clasped with the arms. Obs. 1606 Shaks. Tr. <$• Cr. 11. ii. 30 Wil you .. buckle in a waste most fathomlesse With spannes and inches? 2 . That cannot be measured with a fathom line; of measureless depth. Often of a metaphorical * abyss’. 1638 G^Sandys Paraphr. Div. Poems Ex. xv, God, in the fathomlesse Profound, Hath all his choice Commanders drown’d. 1644 Milton Educ. (1738) 126 Fathomless and unquiet deeps of controversy. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. 1. (1843) 6/2 That fathomless abyss of reason of state. 1801 Southey Thalaba vn. vi, Adown.. Plunge the whole waters ; so precipitous, So fathomless a fall. 1830 Tennyson Ode to Memory iii, The half-attain’d futurity, Tho’ deep not fathom¬ less. 1871 E. F. Burr AdFidem xv. 293 Passing up through fathomless azure. 3 . fig. That cannot be penetrated or fully under¬ stood ; incomprehensible. Cf. Fathom v. 4 b. 1645 Milton Tctrach. (1851) 184 Heer lies the fadomles absurdity. 1713 Young Last Day 1. 229 Oh joys unmix'd, and fathomless delight! 1883 E. Clodd in Ktunvl. 15 June 352/2 The fathomless mystery of the universe. 1891 Spec¬ tator 14 Feb., His ignorance, .is fathomless. Hence Fa thomlessly adv. 1822 Byron Werner iv. i. 506 His death was fathomlessly deep in blood. 1878 Masque Poets 29 The smile so fathom¬ lessly bland. + Fa* tic ail e. Obs.rarc~ x . [ad. I fdtican-us, f. fdti- comb, form of fidtum Fate + cancre to sing.] A singer of fate; a prophet. 1652 Gaulle Magastrom. 162 What fatuous thing is fate, then, that is so obvious, .as for the faticanes to foretell? Fatidic (fe’trdik), a. Now rare. [ad. L. fdtidic-us, f. fdti- comb, form of fidtum Fate + dic- weak root of dic-ere to speak.] Of or concerned with predicting fates ; prophetic. 1671 J. Davies Sibyl Is 1. xviii. 48 The Fatidick Books. 1692 J. Edwards Remarkable Texts 310 The earth become old, so that the fatidick virtue was worn out. 1721- 36 in Bailey. 1844 T. Mitchell Sophocles I. 72 note , A verb applicable to fatidic purposes. 1861 in Jrnl. Sacred Lit. XIV. 175 When Moses, in the fatidic spirit, foretold the future prosperity of Israel. Fatidical (fe'trdikal). [f. L. fdtidic-us (see prec.) + -al.] a. =prec. b. Of persons, trees, etc.: Gifted with the power of prophecy. a. 1607 Topsell Serpents (1653) 685 This Beast is .. indued, .with a fatidical or prophetical geographical delinea¬ tion. . a 1652 J. Smith Sel. Disc. vi. 209 To understand what is spoken.. in this fatidical passion. 1697 Potter Antiq. Greece 11. xvi. (1715) 335 Urns, into which the Lots or Fatidical Verses were thrown. 1721-1800 in Bailey. 1829 Carlyle Misc. (1857) IL 98 The fatidical fury spreads wider and wider. 1855 Smedley Occult Sciences 331 A tablet, on which certain fatidical verses were written. b. 1641 Brightman P7‘edict. 2 Our ancient Prophets, Bards, and fatidicall Vaticinators. C1645 Howell Lett. (1688) IV. 486 The Ancients write of some Trees, that they are Fatidical. 1652 Gaule Magastrom. 255 Fatidical Mars. 1864 W. Bell in N. '.] a. Wearied, b. Strained by over-pressure. 1791 Cowper Iliad v. 947 His arm failed him fatigued. 1820 Keats Eve St. Agnes xxvii, The poppied warmth of sleep oppress’d Her soothed limbs, and soul fatigued away. 1856 Olmsted Slave States 12 Struck with her fatigued appearance, he made some inquiries. 1869 [see Fatigue v. 2]. Fatigueless (fatf-gles), a. [f. Fatigue sb. and v. + -LESS.] Without fatigue; unwearying ; tireless. 1818 J. Brown Psyche 42 Endow’d them with fatigueless care. 1879 Jefferies Wild Life in S. C. 132 Riders up¬ right and fatigueless. 1889 Talmage Serin, in The Voice 2 May, The angels are a fatigueless race. Fatiguesome (fatrgspm), a. [f. as prec. + -some.] Of a fatiguing nature ; wearisome. a 1734 North Exam. m. vii. § 16 (1740) 515 The Attorney General’s Place is very nice and fatiguesome, and the other quiet. 1746 Turnbull Justin xxvii. iii. 218 Antiochus was overcome the second time; and after a fatiguesome flight of several days, came at last to [etc.]. 1827 Blackw. Mag. XXI. 475 His ‘Excursion’ would hae been far less fatigue¬ some. Fatiguing (fatf-gig), ppl. a. [f. Idyttgue v. + -ing 2 .] That causes fatigue; wearisome. 1708 Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) VI. 322 Vendosme .. by fatiguing marches gained the Dender on the 5th. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) IV. 189 It would be fatiguing.. to go through a particular description. 1833 J. Rennie Alph. Angling 64 A heavy [trouting] rod is .. fatiguing. i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xi. 77 The most fatiguing position. Hence Fatigiiingly adv., in a fatiguing manner. 1807 Southey Espriella's Lett. II. 241 The most un¬ pleasant part of this expedition, fatiguingly steep as it was. 1840 T. Hook in New Monthly Mag. LVIII. 155 They dance quadrilles fatiguingly. 1871 Le Fanu Checkmate II. ix. 93 [She] was .. most fatiguingly well up in archaeo¬ logy. 1880 Miss Bird Japan II. 149 One makes one’s way fatiguingly along soft sea sand. + Fatiloquency. Obs. rare- 1 . [f. as next: see -ency.] a 1693 Urquhart Rabelais iii. xxv, By Gastromancy, which kind of ventral Fatiloquency was. .used in Ferrara. Fatiloquent (fehi-l^kwent), a. [f. L. fdti-, comb, form of fattim Fate + loquent-em speaking; after L. fatiloquusi] Declaring fate, prophetic. 1656-81 in Blount Glossogr. a 1693 Urquhart Rabelais III. xxi.182 Fatiloquent Southsayers. i885Betham-Edwards in All Year Round No. 854 N. S. 76 A voice fatiloquent. t FatiToquist. Obs. rare— 1 , [f. h.fililoqu- tis (see prec.) + -ist.] One who declares or fore¬ tells fates ; a fortune-teller. 1652 Gaule Magastromancer 145 Fatiloquists .. taken from talking they know not what. 1727-36 in Bailey. tFatiloquy. Obs.—° [ad. L.fdtiloqui-um, f. fattim Fate + -loquium speaking, f. loqui to speak.] Soothsaying. 1623-6 in Cockeram. Fatiscence (fati'sens). Geol. [f. next: see -ENCE.] The condition of being open in chinks or clefts. c 1784 Kirwan cited by Webster 1828. Fatiscent (fatbsent), a. [ad. L. fatiscent-em, pr. pple. of fatiscere to open in chinks or clefts, f. *fali- yawning: see Fatigue v.] Having chinks or clefts; cracked. 1807 Headrick Arran 51 Fatiscent granite. + Fa'tist. Obs. [f. L .fat-um or Eng. Fate + -ist.] ^Fatalist. 1615 J. Stephens Ess. <$■ Char., Worthy Poet 154 Hee is an enemy to Atheists; for he is no Fatist. Fatless (he-ties), a. [f. Fat sb. + -less.] Without fat or greasy matter. 1825 Blacksv. Ring. XVIII. 155 A mere wafer of fatless ham. .constituted a breakfast. 1872 Huxley Phys. vi. 137 Four pounds of fatless meat. Fatling (fe'tliq), sb. [f. Fat v. + -ling ; cf. nursling .] A calf, lamb, or other young animal fatted for slaughter. 1526-34 Tindale Matt. xxii. 4 Beholde, I have prepared my dynner; myne oxen, and my fatlinges are kylled, and all things are redy. 1570 Bryon in Farr S. P. Eliz. (1845) II.335 My fallings then I’ll tender, And offrings to thee make. 1611 Bible Isa. xi. 6The calfe and the yong lion, and the fatling [shall lie down] together. 1725 Pope Oiiyss. vm. 53 Twelve fatlings from the flock. 1877 1 J ryant Poems Sella 303 The herd Had given its fatlings for the marriage feast. attrib. 1870 Bryant Iliad I. ix. 275 Chines of a sheep and of a fatling goat. Fatling (fe'tliij), a. rare. [dim. of Fat a. (see -ling), suggested by prcc. sb.] Small and fat. 1847 Tennyson Princ. vi. 122 The babe .. began .. to .. reach its fatling innocent arms And lazy, lingering fingers. Fatly (fie'tli), adv. [f. as prec. + -ly 2 .] + a. Grossly, greasily. +b. Plentifully, c. To a great extent, largely, d. Like a fat person, clumsily. 1515 Barclay Egloges iv. (1570) Cv/i Some beast agayne still leane and poore is seene, Though it fatly fare within a medowe greene. 1611 Cotgr., Graisscment , fatly, grossely, greasily. 1866 Whipple Char. Sf Charac. Men 322 An old dowager lady, fatly invested in commerce and manufactures. 1866 Howells Vend. Life xi. 160 Renais¬ sance angels and cherubs in marble .. fatly tumbling about on the broken arches of the altars. 1873 Miss Broughton Nancy I. 132 Largely, fatly, staringly plain. Fattier, obs. form of Fattenek. Fatness (fe-tnes). [f. as prec. + -ness.] 1 . The quality or state of being fat. a. The condition of having the flesh interspersed with fat; plumpness, fullness of flesh, corpulence. c 1000 Ags. Ps. xvi[i].9 Hi habbak ealleheorafaitnesse.. utan bewunden. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 86 If bat bodi. .ben mene bitwene fatnes & lenenes k at is neiper to fatt ne to leene. 1581 Mulcaster Positions xvii. (1887) 76 Wrastling.. taketh awaie fatnesse, puffes, and swellinges. 1653 Walton Angler 187 Eeles have all parts fit for generation .. but so smal as not to be easily discerned, by reason of their fatness. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters I. 177 We can account for the extraordinary fatness of cooks, butchers, and other persons. 1885 Truth 28 May. 850/1 Fatness alone prevented hcr from continuing to shine as a lyric star. fig. 1602 Shaks. Ham. iii. iv. 153 In the fatnesse of this pursie times, Vertue it selfe, of Vice must pardon begge. + b. Typogr. Breadth or thickness. Obs. 1676 Moxon Print Lett. 23 Measure the Fatness of the left hand Arch of e. f c. Of a tree : Oiliness ; juiciness. Of the soil: Unctuous nature; hence, fertility, luxuriance. Obs. exc. in Biblical phraseology. 1382 Wyclif Rom. xi. 17 Fatnesse of the olyue tree. J 555 Eden Decades 4 The greate moystenessc and fatnesse of the grounde. 1611 Bible Gen. xxvii. 28 God giue thee of the dew of heauen, and the fatnesse of the earth, a 1735 Akbuthnot (J.\ By reason of the fatness and heaviness of the ground, Egypt did not produce metals. fig. 1526 Ptlgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 162 Makynge it to encrease in a spiritual! fatnes of deuocyon. t 2 . That which makes fertile ; a fertilizing pro¬ perty or virtue; fertilizing matter. Obs. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. xii. 7 Valey ther hilles fattenesse hath rest. 1563 Fulke Meteors (1640) 16 Comets, .betoken . .barrenness, .because the fatnesse of the earth is drawn up, whereof the Comet consisteth. 1611 Bible Ps. lxv. 11 Thy paths drop fatnesse. 1692 Bentley Serin. 5 Dec. 29 Water .. to .. feed the Plants of the Earth with .. the fatness of Showrs. 1738 Wesley Hymns, Eternal Wisdom, Thee we praise vii, They sink and drop Their Fatness on the ground. •j 4 3 . concr. A greasy or oily substance, fat. Obs. c 1000 Ags. Ps. xvi[i]. 11 Faetnysse heora hi beclysdon. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. lxiii. (1495) 181 In the beest is fatnes that is callyd Adeps, Aruina wythout. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 257 Summe seien kat ke fatnes of grene froggis. .haj? vertu for to make men heere. c 1430 Stans Puer 39 in Babces Bk. (1868) 29 In ale ne in wiyn with bond leue no fatnes. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye ( 1873) 113 The fatnesse of oyle may not burne, tyl a weyke or matche Vie put therto. 1641 French Distill, iii. (1651) 71 There will distill into the receiver a fatness. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 11. 547 Whose offer’d Entrails shall, .drip their Fatness from the Hazle Broach. fig. a 1400 Prymer (1891) 90 As wik grece and fatnesse fyld be my soule. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. 4 This is the iuste vengeance of God, to drawe a fatnesse ouer their hartes. 1611 Bible Ps. lxiii, My soule shall be satisfied as with marrow and fatnesse. + b. In the soil, etc. : An unctuous substance ; an unctuous layer or deposit. Obs. x 577 B. Googe Ilercsbach's Husb. 1. (1586) 20 b, A kinde of pith and fatnesse of the earth, .called Marga. Ibid. 43 b. The fatnesse that the water leaves behinde it. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 355 Earth and Water, .mingled by the helpe of the Sunne, gather a nitrous Fatnesse. 1715 tr. Pancirollus ’ Rerum Mem. II. ii. 283 Chalky Earth, .beaten and steeped in Water, affordeth a Cream or Fatness on the Top. f 4 . The richest or best part of anything. Obs. c 1000 Ags. Ps. lxxx[i]. 17 Of fetnysse hwactes. c 1300 E. E. Psalter cxlvii. 14 And with fattnes of whete filled ke wele. 1644 G. Plattes in Hartlib Legacy (1655) 176 Cities, which, .devoured the fatness of the whole Kingdom. 1665 Dryden Ind. Emperor 1. ii, Those'ghostly kings would .. all the Fatness of my Land devour. Fattable (fie'tab’l), a . rare. In 9 fatable. [f. Fat v. + -able.] Capable of being fatted. 1859 Kingsley Misc. II. 145 Pigs being as greedy and fatable under Free-trade, .as they were under Protection. Fatted (fie’ted), ppl. a. Somewhat arch. [f. Fat v. + -ED !.] In senses of the vb.; now only, Fattened. \JTo kill the fatted calf: proverbially used with reference to Luke xv.] 1552.HULOET, Fatted or dressed with fatte, adipatus, a, urn. 1580 BARET.td/7'. F 215 A fatted hogge, saginatus porcus. 1611 Bible i Kings iv. 23 Beside, .fallow Deere, and fatted foule. 1647 Cowley Mistress, The Welcome i, Go, let the fatted Calf be kill’d. 1660 Hexham, Gcmest landt, Dunged or Fatted land. 1725 Pope Odyss. ix. 49 The fatted sheep. 1870 Bryant Iliad I. 11. 54 Agamemnon Offered a fatted ox of five years old. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 51 Pictures of the lean dogs and the fatted sheep. Fatten (fart’n), v. [f. Fat a. +-en 5 .] 1 . trans. To make fat or plump. Also to fatten up. Usually : To feed (animals) for market, make fit to kill. Const, on. 1552 Huloet, Fatten or make fatte, crasso. 1622 Mas¬ singer Virg. Mart. 11. i, You snatch the meat out of the prisoner’s mouth, To fatten harlots. 1632 Litiigow Trav. iii. 95 Wandring Laton .. In spight of Juno, fatned with Joves balme. 1745 tr. Columella's Husb. vm. i, Such fowls as are shut up m coops, and fattened. 1777 Mad. D’Arblay Early Diary (1889) II. 284 His legs, .have been fattened up by the gout. 1849 Cobden Speeches 3 His idea seems to be that men in time of peace were only being fattened up for a speedy slaughter. 1853 Soyer Pantroph. 165 To fatten turkeys.. give them mashed potatoes [etc.]. 1873 Tristram Moab viii. 148 Myriads of larks in combined flocks fattening themselves upon them. absol. 1650 Bulwer Anthropomet. 24T All Bodies may be made lean ; but it is impossible to fatten, where, etc. b. Said of the food. tri59o Greene Fr. Bacon x. 59 Whose battling pastures fatten all my flockes. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 299 Wine and Music fattens them [Persian women]. 1781 Gibbon Decl. «<}• E. III. 213 The forests of Lucania, whose acorns fattened large droves of wild hogs. 1834 Brit. IIusb. III. xiii. 59 The same food is given, .to fatten cows or oxen. C. transf and fig. To fatten into-, to brinq into a certain state by pampering ( rare ). To fatten out : to drive out by fattening. 1566 Drant Hot. Sat. II. vi, I .. praye him .. to fatten all I haue, excepte my witte alone. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1638) 235 Choosing rather to fatten themselves by FATTENED 102 FATUOUS a contented Notion, than by curious inquisition to perplex their other recreations. 1784 Cowfek Task iv. 504 The excise is fattened with the rich result Of all this riot. 1840 Arnold Let. in Stanley Life (1881) II. ix. 163 It is then quite too late to try to fatten them [men] into obedience. 1848 Lowf.ll Biglow P. Poems 1890 II. 36 John Bull has suffered the idea of the Invisible to be very much fattened out of him. 2. intr. To grow or become fat. Const. + in, on. + Of a letter type : To become thicker. Obs. 1676 Moxon Print Lett. 49 The Belly fattens downwards. 1693 Dryden Juvenal xiv. 210 The good Old man and Thrifty Husewife spent Their Days in Peace, and Fatten’d with Content. 1712 Granville Poems 100 Tygers and Woves shall in the Ocean breed, The Whale and Dolphin fatten on the Mead. 1745 E. Heyvvood Female Spectator (1748) III. 132 They .. rejoice and fatten in the blood of slaughtered millions. 1755 in World No. 113 IP 12, I therefore propose to you that, .we severally endeavour, .you to fatten, and I to waste. 1790-1811 Coombe Devil upon Two Sticks (1817) III. 271 After having, for some years, fattened in the ruin of others, he was at length ruined himself. 1813 Shelley Q. Mat 1. 273 The meanest worm That .. fattens on the dead. 1854 Jml. R . Agric.Soc. XV. 1. 252 The ewes readily fatten. b. fig. 1638 Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. II. 13 Methinkes.. shee fattens and grows gracefull with these prayses you give her. 1761-2 Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) IV. lvii. 357 Such persons, who fatten on the calamities of their country. 1813 Shelley Q. Mad hi. 108 Those gilded flies That, basking in the sunshine of a court, Fatten on its corruption ! 1867 Free¬ man Norm. Conq. (1876) I. v. 318 Foreigners who. .were to fatten on English estates and honours. 3. trans. To enrich (the soil) with nutritious or stimulating elements; to fertilize. 1563 Fulke Meteors (1640) 50 The river Nilus, whose overflowings doe marveylously fatten the earth. 1583 Stubbes^;/^. Abus. 11. (1882) 44 They are not ignorant also . .what kind of dung is best to fatten the same againe. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 1. 661 Just Heav’n thought good To fatten twice those Fields with Roman blood. 1709 Swift Merlin's Prophecy, One kind of stuff used to fatten land is called Marie. 1809-10 Coleridge Friend (1865) 190 Genuine philanthropy, which, like the olive tree .. fattens not exhausts the soil from which it sprang. trails/, and fig, 1697 Dryden. Juvenal Sat. in. 112 Ob¬ scene Orontes .. fattens Italy with foreign Whores. 1707 Curios. in Husb. fy Card. 259 How efficacious Water is, when it has been fatten’d and heated by Dung. 1842 Tennyson Golden Year 34 Wealth .. shall slowly melt I11 many streams to fatten lower lands. Fattened (fart’nd), ppl. a. [f. prec. + -ED 1 .] That has been made fat. 1613-6 W. Browne Brit. Past. 11. i. 92 Full of well-fleec’d Flockes and fatned Droves. 1725 Pope Odyss. iv. 318 Where prolific Nile With various simples clothes the fattened soil. 1872 Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm. 63 Fattened hogs of five years old are mentioned by Homer. Fattener (fce't’naj). [f. as prec .+-er k] a. One who or that which makes fat. b. One that grows fat. e. With adj.: An animal that fattens (early, late, slowly, etc.). 1611 Cotgr., Graissier. .a Grasier, or fattener of cattell. a 1735 Arbuthnot Mart. Scribl. (1742) 14 The wind was at West; a wind on which that great Philosopher bestowed the Encomiums of Fatner of the earth [etc.]. 1817 T. L. Peacock Melincourt xl, Fatteners on public spoil. 1852 Jml. R. Agric. Soc. XIII. 1. 193 Their character as rapid and early fatteners. 1884 W. Wren in PallMallG. 14 May 11/1 There is a difference between crammers and chicken fatteners. Fattening (fart’nig), vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ING 1 .] The process of making fat or becoming fat. Also the action of thickening (a type). 1614 Markham Cheap Husb. vn. xxi. (1668) 124 Peacocks being, .seldome .. eaten, it mattereth not much for their fatning. 1623-6 Cockeram it, A Fattening .. sagination. 1676 Moxon Print. Lett. 32 The Fatning is made by setting off 5 on either side the Centre. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Rract. Agr/c. (ed. 4) II. 114 Nothing contributes more to expedite the fattening of cattle, than moderate warmth. Fattening (fart’niij), ppl. a. ff. as prec. + -ING 2.] That fattens, a. That makes fat. b. That grows fat. a. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 1. 119 Load with fat’ning Dung thy fallow Ground. 1866 B. Taylor Poems , Monda- nim 255 Fed by fattening rains. 1876 Foster Phys. 11. v. (rS79) 395 Sugar or starch, .is always a large constituent of ordinary fattening foods. b. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. vi. 6 Apollo..bade me feed My fatning ! locks. 1790-1811 Coombe Devil upon Two sticks {_ 1817) VI. 185 An occasional sermon for the service of fattening ignorance, or idle opulence. 1804 Earl Lauderd. Publ. Wealth (1819) 178 Cattle and sheep of a peculiar fattening kind. Fatter (fcetai), sb. [f. Fat v. + -Eith] a. One who makes fat. fSaid also of the food. b. With adj. prefixed: An animal that grows fat (quickly, etc.). Also + fatter up. 1528 Paynel Salernes Regim. Gij, Grene cliese .. is a nourisher and a fatter. 1671 H. M. tr. Erasm. Colloq. 71 This Hen .. hath .. had a niggardly fatter of her up. 1806 W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. IV. 83 Where food is plentiful the Java hog is the quickest fatter. 1882 A thenceum 26 Aug. 271/2 Those who. .buy up lean chickens for the fatter’s coop. Fattily (frc'tili), adv. [f. Fatty a. + -ly -.] As by a morbid deposition of fat. Only in fattily- degenerated . 1886 Syd. Soc . Lex. s.v. Hearty degeneration of fatty, The fattily-degenerated heart is often enlarged and dilated. Fattiness (fee-tines), [f. Fatty + -ness.] The quality or condition of being fatty. x 57 2 J- Jones Bathes of Bath 11. 14 b, Some man will saye .. that fattines is not in all waters. 1574 Newton Health Mag. 26 Fattinesse in meate. 1603 Holland Plu¬ tarch's A for. 659 Even salt it selfe hath a certeine fattinesse and unctuosity in it. 1638 tr. Bacons Nat. Hist. 11. 40 We are to come next to the oleosity or fattiness pf them. 1870 A. W. Ward tr. Curtins' Hist. Greece I. 1. i. 29 Excessive fleshiness and fattiness of body were equally rare. f b. concr. Grease. Obs. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 308 The sweat or fattinesse of vnwashed wooll. Fatting (fee-tig), vbl. sb. ff. Fat v. t-ing 1 .] 1. The action or process of making (an animal or person) fat. 1577 B. Googe Hcresbach's Husb.w. (1586) 165 b, M. Au- fidius Surco, who first beganne the fatting of this Foule. 1681 W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 668 He is a mere glutton, born for the fatting of his belly. 1792 Trans. Soc. Encourag. Arts(e d. 2) III. 45 [They] gained, the first three weeks of fatting, two pounds and a quarter each per diem. + 2. The process of growing or becoming fat. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ilf 1. iii. 314 Clarence .. is well re- payed: He is frank’d vp to fatting for his paines. 1650 Bulwer Anthropomet. 242 Three causes ..which impede the fatting of Man. 1772 Ann . Reg. 106/1 The fatting in the valuable parts of the body. 3. The process of enriching (land) or making (it) fertile or fruitful. 1600 Surflet Count rie Far me 1. xv. 93 The dung put aside for the fatting of the medowes. a 1617 Hieron Whs. II. 464 Salt, .is very good for the fatting of the earth. 4. alt rib., as fatting-house, a place in which to fat animals; falling-land, land suitable for fatting animals; fatting-stock, stock for fatting. 1580 Baret Alv. F 214 A fatting-house, saginarium. ax'jzz Lisle Husb. (1752) 251 It is best to have the sides of the fatting-house open. 1834 Brit. Husb. II. 490 The value of fatting land being different. 1861 Times 27 Sept., The requisite fatting stock. Fatting ? fee-tig), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2 .] a. That makes fat. b. That is growing or being made fat. 1533 Elyot Cast. Helthe (1539) 88 a, The diete of fattinge thinges dothe nourishe abundantly. 1602 Middleton Blurt, blaster Constable iv. ii, I’ve fatting knavery in hand. 1767 A. Young Farmer's Lett. People 86 Fed off. .by some fatting sheep. 1825 Cobbett Rur. Rides 458 A stout horse will eat much more than a fatting ox. 1865 Jml. R. Agric. Soc. 2nd Ser. I. 255 We believe in it [the pulper] for the young fatting animal. Fattish (fartij), a. [f. Fat a. + -ish.J a. Somewhat fat; fairly supplied with fat. f b. Somewhat greasy or unctuous. Obs. a. c 1369 Chaucer Dcthe Blaunchc 954 She had. .armes ever lith, Fattish, fleshy, nat great therewith. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iv. 161 For fatting, the best are those [poultry] that have the skinnesof theyr neckes thicke and fattysh. 1668 Culpepper & Cole Barthol. A nat. in. ix. 149 In the Lobe it is so mingled with Flesh, that it becomes, .fattish, fleshy and spungy. 1815 J. W. Croker in Croker Papers (1884) 1* iii- 65 Talleyrand, .is fattish for a Frenchman. 1864 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. (1865) IV. 11. iii. 58 The jolly Ambassador. .Camas, a fattish man. b. 1589 Fleming Virg. Georg, iii. 51 Pitch of trees on Ida hill, and fattish wax with grease. 1610 W. Folkingham Art of Survey 1. x. 32 Clay mixed with a viscous and fattish Earth. 1671 J. Webster Metallogr. xiii. 216 Thin plates of white silver in a fattish stone. 1726 Leoni tr. Alberti's Archil. I. iii. 49a, The fattish sort [of mortar] is more tenacious than the lean. Hence Fa ttishness, the quality of being fattish. 1662 H. Stubbe I?id. Nectar iii. 28 The body of the water . .did shine with a visible Fattishnesse. Fattl-els (fae’trelz), sb. pi. Sc. fad. Y.fatraille ‘trash, trumpery, things of no value’ (Cotgr.).] Ribbon-ends. 1786 Burns To a Louse 20 Now haud you there, ye’re out o’ sight, Below the fatt’rils, snug and tight. 1788 E. Picken Poems Gloss. 231 Fattrcls , ribbon-ends, &c. Fatty (fee-ti), a. [f. Fat + -y 1.] 1. Resembling fat, of the nature of fat, unctuous, oleaginous, greasy. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. Ixxiv. (1495) 577 Yf a stone is not fatty it woll all to fall by maystry of drynesse. 1563 Fulkf. Meteors (1640) 64 b, These liquors concreat, that be moist and not fatty. 1616 Surflet & Markh. Country Farme 548 The bread which is made thereof is . .fattie, slymie, heauie. 1731 Arbuthnot Aliments vi. 104 Spirit of Nitre will turn Oil of Olives into a sort of fatty Sub¬ stance. 1851 Carpenter Alan. Phys. (ed. 2) 160 The fatty matters must be received back into the blood. 1879 Cassell's Techn . Educ. III. 398 The fatty ink employed. + b. Besmeared with fat; greasy. Obs. rare~~ x . 1572 Huloet (ed. Higgins) s.v. Fat, The boye handled the pot with his fatty [zmetis] fistes. + 2. Of animals, their limbs : Full of fat, plump, well-fed. Of a leaf: Full of sap ; juicy. Obs. 1552 Huloet, Fatte or Fattye, adeps. 1589 Fleming Virg. Bucol. vi. 16 A shepheard it behooues To feed his fattie sheepe. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 216 The leaues be whiter and fattier. 3. Full of fertilizing matter. Of soil: Fat, rich. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. i. 21 As when old father Nilus gins to swell. .His fattie waves doe fertile slime outwell. 1855 Singleton Virgil I. 113 For fatty lands These fit, for lighter those. 4. Consisting of or containing fat; adipose. 1615 Crooke Body of Alan vi. v. 353 The fatty veine called Adiposa. 1804 Abernethy Snrg. Obs. 30, I have known several fatty tumours growing at the same time. 1861 Hume tr. Afoq uin-Tand on 11. 1. 41 The Fatty or Adipose Tissue consists of vesicles .. filled with an oily fluid. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fatty ligament , a synonym of the Mucous liga¬ ment of the knee-joint. Fatty membrane, the subcutaneous areolar tissue which contains the fat. A Fatty tumour is a mass of soft yellow fat, generally enclosed in a .. thin fibrous capsule. 5. Marked by morbid deposition of fat, tending to the production of fat, csp. in fatty degeneration (see quot.). Fatty heart or kidney = fatty degenera¬ tion of the heart or kidney. 1866 A. Flint Princ. Med. (1880) 55 In fatty infiltration of a cell, the protoplasm is displaced by the fat. 1877 Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) II. 51 Fatty Degeneration is sometimes a part of a general tendency to fatty changes. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fatty degeneration , that condition in which a part or the whole of any tissue or organ is replaced by fat. 1886 Pall Alall G. 16 Aug. 14/1 He .. dies within a few years from inertia or fatty heart. 6. Fatty oil : = fixed oil. Fatly acid ; fatty acid series : see quot. 1831 J. Davies Manual Mat. Med. 364 Catapucia Oil .. a fatty oil, extracted from the seeds of the Euphorbia lathyris , Lin. 1863-72 Watts Diet. Chem. I. 616 Fatty acids or Soap acids. 1868 Hobi.yn Diet. Terms Aled. (ed. 9), Fatty Acids, a gqoup of acids extracted from fats and fixed oils in the process of saponification. The fatty acid series is a term synonymous with the acetic scries of acids. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. 119 Its fatty acids form insoluble salts with the lime. + Fatuant, a. Obs. rare- 1 , [ad. Y. faluant-ern, pr. pple. of fatuarl : see Fatuate v.] Behaving fatuously, foolish, silly. 1641 D. Hollis in Rushw. Hist. Coll. iii. (1692) I. 316 A Sorrow not womanish and fatuant, but accompanied with Indignation, and vigorous magnanimous Resolution. t Fa tuate, ppl. a. Obs. [ad. L. faludl-us, pa. pple. of fatuarl : see next.] Used as equivalent to the later Fatuated. 1601 B. Jonson Poetaster v. iii, Crisp. — O — oblatrant — furibund—fatuate—strenuous. 1678 R. R[ussell] Gebcr 11. 1. 11. iii. 47 Their heads are fatuate and void of Humane Reason. Fatuate (fee-ti/^t), v. arch. [f. L. fatudt- ppl. stem of fatuarl to talk foolishly, f. fatuus foolish.] intr. To become silly, to act foolishly. Hence Fa’tuated///. a., rendered fatuous. 1656-81 Blount Glcssogr., Fatuate, to play the fool. 1692 1708 in Coles. 1721-1800 in Bailey. 1848 Blaclcw. Alag. LXIV. 464 Full-grown infant pumpkins, fatuated, empty of anything solid or digestible. Fatuisill (fee-tiz/iz'm). [ad. F. fatuisme , f. L. fatu-us : see Fatuous and -ism.] = Fatuity 2. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. Fatuitous (fati/7-itas), a. [f. L. fatuit-ds (see Fatuity) + -ous.] Characterized by fatuity. a 1734 North Lives II. 129 The extremity of fatuitous madness. 1849 C. Bronte Shirley xxix. 427, I may be the most fatuitous .. of men. 1869 Ruskin Queen of Air i. 59 In proportion to the degree in which we become narrow in the.. conception of our passions.. their expression by musical sound becomes broken, fatuitous, and at last impossible. Hence Fatu'itousness. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. Fatuity (fatiz7 iti). [ad. Y.fatuite — Vv.fatuitat, ad. L . fatuitdtem, f. fatuus foolish.] 1. Folly, silliness, stupidity. Now chiefly (? after 2) in stronger sense: Crass stupidity, ‘ idiotic f folly ; mental blindness caused by ‘ infatuation \ The F. word, being associated with its etymological cog¬ nate fat fop, has usually the sense of * conceited folly, silly affectation^; this sense, if it occurs in Eng., is only a Gallicism. 1648 Eikon Bas. v. 28 It had argued .. extream fatuitie of minde in Mee, so far to binde My own hands at their request. 1660 Waterhouse A rms # A rm. 53 They descend to the fatuity of bringing wild beasts into their Gods and Emperours places. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xxiii. (1824) 660 He confounded delicacy of feeling with fatuity of mind. 1812 H. & J. Smith Ref Addr. x. (1873) 93 The applause of unintellectual fatuity. 1859 Thackeray Virgin, lxxxv, O strange fatuity of youth ! 1878 Lecky Eng. in 18 th C. I. i. 10 Attacked with a strange fatuity the very Church on whose teaching the monarchical enthusiasm mainly rested. b. Something fatuous ; that which is fatuous. 1538 Bale Thre Lawes 1386 In vayne worshyp they teachynge mennys fatuyte, 1887 F. Hall in Nation (N. Y.) XLIV. 141/2 Star-gazing .. and kindred futilities and fatui¬ ties. 2. Idiocy, mental imbecility, dementia. Now rare. 1621-51 Burton A nat. Mel. 1. i. in. iii. 34 If. .the animal spirits are..cold, [follows] fatuity and sottishness. <11676 Hale Hist. Placit. Cor. (1736)-!. iv. 29 Ideocy or fatuity d nativitate. 1707 Floyer Physic. Pulse-Watch 93 The Ancients imputed Fatuity to the Refrigeration of the Head. 1748 Hartley Obscrv. Man 1. iii. 391 A species of Madness; as Fatuity or Idiotism is. 1779 Johnson Lett. Airs. Thrale 6 Apr., Death is dreadful, and fatuity is more dreadful. 1797 M. BAiLUE Morb. Anat. (1807) 434 He has met with this appearance in cases of fatuity. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. t Fatuo'sity. Obs. rare- 1 , [as if f. L. *fatuds- us, f. fatuus Fatuous + -ITT.] ^Fatuity. 1681 Glanvill Sadducismus 1. 90 Which opinion, .is stiffly held, .not without some Fatuosity and Superciliousness. Fatuous (farti/fos), a. [f. L. fatu-us foolish, silly, insipid +-ous.] 1. Of persons, their actions, feelings, utterances, etc.: Foolish, vacantly silly, stupid, besotted. 1633 Struther True Happincs 20 Mathematicians are fatuous. 1652 Gaule Magastrom. 162 What fatuous thing is Fate. 1665 Glanvill Seeps. Set. xiii. 73 We pity, or laugh at those fatuous extravagants. 1844 Lever T. Burke ix, A fatuous, stupid indifference to everything. 1864 H. Ainsworth John Law 1. iv. The veteran courtier, fatuous FATUUS 103 FAULE. as he was, was not duped by professions of regard. 1877 Morley Crit. Misc. Ser. 11. 277 The fatuous commonplaces of a philosophic optimism. 1878 Bosw. Smith Carthage 33 Roman Senate, in their fatuous disregard for intellect. 2. That is in a state of dementia or imbecility; idiotic. Now rare exc. in Sc. Law . 1773 Erskine Inst. Law Scot. x. vii. § 48. 139 Fatuous persons, called also idiots, .who are entirely deprived of the faculty of reason and have an uniform stupidity and in¬ attention in their manner and childishness in their speech. 1842 M’Glashan Sheriff Courts Process § 441 When a fa¬ tuous or furious person has been cognosced. 1868 Act 31-2 Viet. c. 100 § 101 Such person shall be deemed insane if he be furious or fatuous. 3. Fatuous fire : = Ignis fatuus. So fatuous light , vapour , etc. 1661 A. Brome Epist., New Year's Gift , Those fatuous Vapors, whose false light Purblinds the World, a 1668 [see Fatuus]. 1839 Bailey Festns xxxii. (1848) 354 The fatuous fire Of man’s weak judgment. 1857-8 Sears A than. iv. 31 A fatuous light that shall lead him astray, f 4. In Lat. sense. Tasteless, insipid, vapid. 1608 D. T. Ess. Pol. Sf Mor. 8 b, Truth and Knowledge.. where-with whatsoever is not seasoned, is fatuous and un- savourie. 1624 Donne Devotions 25 Instantly the tast is insipid and fatuous. Hence Fa tuously adv., in a fatuous manner ; Fa tuousness, the quality or fact of being fatuous; imbecility, stupidity. 1876 J. Weiss Wit, Hum. <$• Shahs, v. 154 The fair maid [Opnelia] who must be the tenant of this grave so fatuously dug. 1882 Miss Braddon Mnt . Royal i, Such wild youths, she told herself, fatuously, generally make the best men. 1874 Morlf.y Compromise (1886) 27 In both orders alike there is only too much of this kind of fatuousness. 1884 West¬ morland Gaz. 1 Nov. 5/1 The. .fatuousness of the policy . .pursued in South Africa. Fa'tuus. rare — 1 . Short for Ignis fatuus. a 1668 Denham Progr. Learning 160 Thence Fatuus fires and Meteors take their birth. 1820 Cottle E.xpost. Let. Ld. Byron 165 To. .turn aside Whoe’er may take thy fatuus for a guide. . Fat-witted, a. [f. Fat a. + Wit + -ed 2 .] Of slow wit, dull, * thick-headed 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, 1. ii. 2 Thou art so fat-witted, .that thou hast forgotten to demand that truely, which thou wouldest truly know. 1797 J. Lawrence in Monthly Mag. XLVI. 215 Grave and pious, or fat-witted sophisters. 1803 Syd. Smith Whs. (1859) I. 62/1 If they are endowed, pro¬ fessors become fat-witted. 1863 Hawthorne Our Old Home (1883) I. 374 These ..lawyers, slow-paced and fat- witted as they must needs be. Faubourg (fobur). Forms: 5 faubourgh, fabo(u)r, 6 faubor, (foubour), (fourbourg), 7-8 fauxbqrgh, 7-9 fauxbourg, 9 fauberg, 7- fau¬ bourg. [late ME . faubourg, faboiti'r, a. Y. fau¬ bourg. From the 15th c. to the beginning of the 17th c. the word was more or less naturalized, esp. in Scotland; it is now used only as foreign, with Fr. pronunciation or (more frequently) semi-angli¬ cized as f. 3 The alimentary Mass, .is thrust towards the Fauces. 1805 Med. Jml. XIV. 114 Without producing much affection of his salivary glands and fauces. 1878 Habershon Dis. Abdomen (ed. 3) 33 The anterior fauces are greatly narrowed. transf 1800 Hurdis Fav. Village 17 E’er he pours into the distant deep, Through the wide fauces of yon hiant cliffs. 2. a. Hot. The throat of a calyx, corolla, etc. b. Conch. That portion of the first chamber of a shell which can be seen from the aperture. 1840 Paxton Bot. DietFauceS) the gaping part of monopetalous flowers. Faucet (f§’set), sb?- Forms: 5 faucett, faw- cet(t, 5-6 fawset, 6 faucet©, -set, (fasset, faul- sed, -set), 7 faucit, -sset, 7-8 fosset, (forset), 4 - faucet. [a. F. fausset (in sense 1 ); of unknown etymology.] +1. A peg or spigot to stop the vent-hole in a cask or in a tap ; a vent-peg. Ohs. c 1430 Wyclif's Job. xxxii. 19 (MS. V.) Lo ! my wombe is as must with out faucet [1388 spigot] ether a ventyng that brekith newe vessels. 1616 Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme , To giue it [ayre] when the fosset is halfe out. 1632 B. Jonson Magn. Lady 11. i, With a faucet or peg. 1741 Cornpt. Earn. Piece 1. v. 266 Give it Vent . .with a Hole made with a Gimblet; into which put a Peg or Faucet. 2. A tap for drawing liquor from a barrel, etc. Now dial, and US. Formerly more fully spigot and faucet, denoting an old form of tap, still used in some parts of England, consisting of a straight wooden tube, one end of which is tapering to be driveninto ahole in the barrel, while the other end is closed by a peg or screw. The peg or screw when loosened allows the liquor to flow out through a hole in the under side of the tube. Properly, the spigot seems to have been the tube, and the faucet the peg or screw (as still in the Sheffield dialect); but in some examples the senses are reversed, and each of the words has been used for the entire apparatus. In the U.S. faucet is now the ordinary word for a tap of any kind. 7^1400 Morte Arth. 205 Vernage .. In faucetez of fyne golde. a 1483 Liber Niger in Housch. Ord. 77 He asketh allowaunce for tubbys, treyes, and faucettes. 1468 Pastoil Lett. No. 549 II. 268 For claretts and fawcetts vi d. 1530 Palsgr. 740/1 Our men be to thrustye to tarye tyll their drinke be drawen with a faulsed. 1549 Chaloner Erasmus on Folly G iv b, He founde a backe faulset set in his wyne vessell. 1630 Randolph Aristippus (1652) 16 Thi Nose like a Fausset with the Spicket out. 1719 D’Urfey Pills (1872) I. 285 In spite of his Spigot and Faucet, The States¬ man must go to old Nick. 1780 Von Troil Iceland*. 190 A hole in the rock, which is shut with a spigot and faucet. 1881 Miss Laffan in Macm. Mag. XLIV. 379 This was furnished with a half-dozen faucets, which could be turned on at will. 1888 Sheffield Gloss.) Faucet , a wooden tap-screw for a barrel. 1890 Harpers Mag. Apr. 751 The dripping of the water from the faucet in the sink sounded sharp and distinct. fig. 1568 T. Howell Arb. Amitic Aij, To Lady Talbot) It is. .more commendable to learne to suppresse thy tongue, then to seeke the fasset to set abroch the same. 1640 Brome Sparagus Gard. in. iv. Wks. 1873 III. 160 In every man there are all humours to him that can find their faussets. t b. A contemptuous appellation for a tapster. 1614 B. Jonson Barth. Fair 11. ii, My chayre, you false faucet you. Ibid. 11. iii, Speake in thy faith of a faucet. 3. Used as a synonym of Adjutage. a 1774 Goldsm. Surv. Experim.Philos. (1776) I. 407 The contrivance of the fosset or ajutage. 4. U.S. (See quot.) 1874 Knight Diet. Mec/t,, Faucet , the enlarged end of a pipe to receive the spigot end of the next section. 5. attrib . and Comb ., as faucet-hole, - seller . Also U.S. faucet-joint (see quot.). 1607 Shaks. Cor. 11. i. 79 Hearing a cause betweenc an Orendge wife and a Forset-seller. 1688 R. Holme Armoury iii. iii. 108/1 Tap is the Forset hole made in the head of the Barrel to draw the Liquor out. 1874 Knight Diet. Mcch.) Faucet-jovit) 1. An expansion-joint for uniting two parts of a straight metallic pipe, which is exposed to great variations of temperature. 2. One form of breech-loader in which the rear of the bore is exposed by the turning of a perforated plug. + Faircet, Fairset, sb. 2 Ohs. [Corruption of Facet.] = Facet. Also applied to a faceted stone. Comb, faucet-cut, cut like a facetted stone. 1684 R. Walker Nat. Exper. 131 The fausets (i.e.) those [diamonds] that are ground of their own Octoedral Figure, seldom or never failed. 1685 Lond. Gaz. No. 2028/4 Lost.. a little Drap containing one large Stone..and three little Faucets weighing abouf two Grains and half each. 1712 Ibid. 5055/3 The 2 Side-drops faucet-cut. Fauch, Faugh (fax), sb. Chiefly Sc. Also 9 north, fauf, fawf. * A single furrow, out of lea ; also the land thus managed, Ang.’ (Jam.) ; = Fallow sb. 2 and 3. Also attrib. faugh sheep, sheep fed on a fallow. 15.. Scotis/i Field in Percy's Folio MS. I. 228 On the broad hills we busked our standards, And on a faugh vs beside. 1641 Best Farm. Bhs. (Surtees) 17 Well I happed sheepe are the best for an hard faugh. Ibid. 27 Our faugh sheepe doe not afforde soe fine a wooll. x 73 ® Ramsay Sc. Prov. (1807) Farmers faugh gar lairds laugh. 1792 G. S. Keith in Statist. Arc. Scott. II. 535 Their outfields and fauchs are rated at from 3J. to ioj. 179a. R. Michie ibid. X. 239 The faughs are a part of the outfield never dunged. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Fauf a fallow. 1883 Almondbury Gloss, s.v. Fauf A 1 potato fauf’ is when the land is ready for the sets, and also after the crop has been taken out. t Fauch, a . 1 Sc. Ohs. Also 6 fawch. [From the sense app. a variant of Fallow a . 1 ; the ab¬ normal form may be due to association with Fallow a. 2 , of which fauch (see next) is the normal representative in Sc.] =Fallow a. 1 i. 1513 Douglas PEneis vm. i. 74 A linije wattry garmond dyd hym vaill, Off colour fauch [L. glauco]. Ibid. xii. Prol. 108 Sum grece, sum gowlis.. Blanchit or brovne, fawch fallow mony ane. Fauch (fax), af Chiefly Sc. Forms : 8 faugh, 9 north, fauf, 6 fauch. [Northern var. of Fallow af (:—OE. *fcalh-).'] = Fallow a . 2 1513 Douglas PEneis vi. vi. 68 Amang the fauch rispis harsk and star. £1565 Lindsay (Pitscottie) Chnrn. Scot. (1814) 499 It was in ane fauch eard and rid land quhair they moved for the tyme. 1688 R. Holme Armoury in. 73/1 Faugh ground, or ground lying Faugh .. the same to Fallow. 1721 Ramsay Whs. (1848) III. 56 He likes best To be of good faugh riggs possesst. 1876 Mid. Yorksh. Gloss, s. v. Fauf ‘A fauf-field a fallow-field. 1876 Whitby Gloss, s. v. Fauf To ‘lie fauf’ as when the soil is left to mellow. Fauch, Faugh, v. Chiefly Sc. Also6faucht, 9 north, fauf. [var. of Fallow.] trans. To fallow (ground). 15.. Aberdeen Reg. (Jam.), Sayand at [ = that] hewald nocht eir nor faucht his land sa air in the yeir. 1703 Thoresby Let. to Ray 27 Apr. Yorksh. Wds. (E. D. S.), Faugh. 1799 A. Johnstone in Statist. Acc. Scott. XXL 159 A part of folding ground, enriched by the dung of sheep and of cattle .. or fauched (a kind of bastard fallow) and manured by a lit tie compost dung, bore three, four or five crops. 1810 Cromek Rem. Nithsiialc Song (1880) 69, I brawlie can faugh yere weel-ploughed lea. 1855 RoumsON Whitby Gloss., Faugh , to fallow. 1883 Almoudbnry Gloss, s. v., They say a man is faufing his land when he is cleaning it with no crop on it. Faucheon, -ion, -on, var. ff. of Falchion. Faucial (fg-J'al, -jal), a. [as if f. L. fauci-, fauces (see Fauces) + -al. Cf. Faucal.] a. Of or pertaining to the fauces. Of a sound: Pro¬ ceeding from the fauces, b. Bot. Pertaining to the fauces or 1 throat ’ of a flower. 1807 Ann. Reg. 932 That hoarse faucial noise before men¬ tioned. 1840 Poe W. Wilson Wks. (1864) I. 423 My rival had a weakness in the faucial or guttural organs. 1845 Lindley Sch. Bot. v. (1858) 60 Stamens .. arising from the outside of an annular faucial disk. Faucitis (fgsartis). Path. [f. Fauc-es + -ms.] Inflammation of the fauces. 1875 H. C. Wood Thcrap. (1879) 50 In faucitis, the strength of the solution [Nitrate of Silver] may vary from fifteen to thirty grains. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. Faueon(e, -oun, -onet, obs. ff. Falcon, -et. Faucylle, obs. form of Focile. Faud, dial, form of Fold. Faudom, obs. Sc. form of Fathom. Faue, obs. form of Fain a.. +Fau-fel(l. Obs. [a. Arab. fauf cl] = Areca. 1594 Blundf.vil Excrc. v. vi. (ed. 7) 545 That Indian tree which-is called Faufell. 1693 Phil. Trans. XVII. 684 The Betel and Faufel (the first of the Pepper, the latter of the Palm kind). Ibid. 766 The Indians chew the Leaves instead of Betel with the Faufel or Arequa. 1755 Johnson, Faufel , the fruit of a species of the palm-tree. And in later Diets. Faugh (f§). int. Also 6 fah, 6-7 foh, 7 fough. An exclamation of abhorrence or disgust. 154 2 Udall tr. Erasm. Apoph. 320 b, All y° coumpaignie . .crying foh at suche a shamefull lye. ^1597 Nashe Let. in Grosart Wks. I. Introd. 64 Had I beenc of his [Sir J. Harrington’s] consayle, he shold have sett for the mott, or word before it [H.’s Ajax], Fah ! 1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. iii. ii, Fough, he smells all lamp-oyle. a 1679 Ld. Orrery Guzman iv, Faugh, What an unsavory Smell assaults my Nose! c 1680 Hickeringill Hist. Whiggism, Wks. 1716 I. 108 Foh ! no more of them. 1700 Farquhar Constant Couple 1. ii, Faugh, the nauseous fellow ! he stinks of poverty already. 1832 W. Irving Alhambra I. 291 ‘A monkey! faugh ! .. I hate the nauseous animal ’. 1864 Thackeray D. Duval vii, Faugh ! the wicked little beast! Faugh, var. of Fauch. Fauqt, fauht(e, obs. ff. fought ; see Fight v. Faughter, dial. f. of Falter v . 2 Faughter, var. of Faulter sb. Obs., a defaulter. Faughty, obs. form of Faulty. Fauhn, obs. form of Fawn v. Faujasite (flrjassit). Min. [Named, after Faujas de Saint-Fond, French geologist: see-iTE.] 1844 Dana Min. 524 Faujasite occurs in square octahe¬ drons. 1863-72 Watts Diet. Cheni. II. 617 Faujasite, a silicate occurring, together with black augite in the man* delstein of the Kaiserstuhl in Baden. Fauld, Sc. and dial, form of Fold. Fauld (fgld). Min. [Perh. =fauld, Sc. var. of Fold.] (See quot.) 1874 Knight Diet. Mcch. I. 827/2 Fauld , the tymp-arch or working arch of a furnace. 1881 in Raymond Mm. Gl. Faul(e, obs. form of Fall. FAULT. 104 FAULT. Fault (fglt, fylt), sh. Forms: 3-7 (8, 9 dial.) faut(e, (5 fauute, fau^t), 4-6 fawt(e, 5-7 fait, faulte, 5- fault. [ME. faut(e, a. OF. Jaute fem. (also faut masc.) = Pr., Sp., Pg., It . falia popular Lat. *falli/a, a failing, coming short, f. */allilus, popular Lat. pa. pple. of failure: see Fail v. The earliest recorded spelling in Yr. isfinite ; the etymo¬ logical l was inserted by some writers in 15-17111 c., and this example was followed in Eng. (our first certain instance being in the MSS. of Barbour written in 1487-5); from 17th c. the standard spelling has been fault , but m Pope and Swift it rimes with thought, wrought, and Johnson 1755 says that in conversation the /is.generally suppressed. In many dialects the pronunciation is still (fgt).] f 1 . Deficiency, lack, scarcity, want of (something specified), rare in pi. Also used absol. (like want) = want of food or necessaries. Ol>s. a 1300 Cursor M. 4504 (Cott.) Man hat.. thoru his welth, na fautes felis. Ibid. 5385 (Cott.) Faut o bred was in )>at tide. 1340-70 A lex. 4 Dind. 303, & whan we faren to fed we finde no faute. 1375 Barbour Bruce ix. 318 [He] lias the castell tan, Throu fait of vach. c 1450 Hf.nryson Mor. Fab. 60 The Fowles faire for fait they fell off feete. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7628 He fande faute of honeste. 14.. Pol. Ret. <5- L. Poems (1866) 95 The pore, for faute late pern not spylle ! 1523 I.n. Berners Froiss. I.clix. 193 They had gret faut in their hoost of vitayle. 1591 Coningsby Siege of Rouen in Camden Misc. (1847) I. 30 You would have thoughte there had bene noe faulte of men. t b. The amount deficient (in an account). Ohs. 1665 Pepys Diary 20 Mar., He. .is ready to lay down in ready money the fault of his account. f e. For {the) fault of: in default of; in the absence of; through deficiency or want of. Ohs. C1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 397/154 His fon haueji moch of his lond for he faute of J>e y-nome. c 1330 Arth. 4 Merl. 7834 Ded me weren letter by Ihesus Than he starf for faut of ous. c 1386 Chaucer Si/r.'s T. 435 She swouned..for faute of blood. C1420 Pallad. on Hush. IV. 699 For faute of that gete other thinges goode. 1480 Bury Wills (1850) 56 For the favte of sweche issue the remandyre therof to the next heyre. a 1533 Ld. Berners Gold. Bk.M. Aurel. (1546) N iij, Rome is fallen., not for faute of money and armes. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, it. ii. 45 One it pleases me, for fault of a better, to call my friend. 1620 Frier Rush 30 His Masters shoone. .for faut of greasing, .were very hard. 1685 Gracia)! s Courtiers Orac. 221 Seriousness is wanting, for fault of which great qualities have no lustre in them. 1794 Burns Gane is the day. We’ll ne’er stray for faute o’ light, f 2 . Default, failing, neglect. Without [any)fault ( = Fr. sans faute) : without fail; hence, for a certainty. Cf. Fail sb. i. Ohs. <71325 Coer dc L. 1214 Thou schalt .. have., folk inowe with thee ; In us schall no fawte bee. 1389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 34 Who-so. .be nouthe }?ere. .he schal paie a pound of wax for is faute. c 1477 Caxton Jason 45 b, If ye wole telle me your name without any faute, I shal telle yow myn also. £1489 — Sonnes of Ay moti ix. 215 Now shall they be honged to morowe wythoute fawte. £1500 Melusine 318 My svvete loue. .there shal be no fawte of it. 1502 Bury Wills (Camden) p2 For fawte of thithing andoffryng nectly- gentlyforgotyniij s, iiij d. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xviii. 22 Your ennemies. .be within iii. myle of you. .ther shall ye fynde them without faulte. 1587 Mascall Govt. Cattle (1627) 182 They are bred by euill meate, and fault of drinking good water. 3 . A defect, imperfection, blameable quality or feature, a. in moral character. (Expressing a milder censure-than vice.) 1377 Langl. P. PL B. xi. 209 Ne vnder-nym nou3te foule for is none with-oute faute. c 1400 Apol. Loll. 100 We are not so sikir f>at we be wi}> out faut, error, and vnkunning. £ 1420 Citron. Vilod. 1226 In me fforsothe no fau^t h er nys. 1587 Mirr. Mag., Porrex vii, Can I excuse my selfe deuoide of faut. 1642 Fuller Holy 4* Prof. St. iv. xiv. 308 That godly King..had some defects, but few faults. 1784 Franklin Autobiog . Wks. 1840 I. 113 A benevolent man should allow a few faults in himself. 1785 Burns Epist. to J. Lapraik xvii, There’s ae wee faut they whiles lay to me, I like the lasses, a 1846 Landor Imag. Conv. Wks. 1846 I. 464 Great men too often have greater faults than little men can find room for. 1857 Livingstone Trav. ii. 44 His independence and love of the English were his only faults. b. in physical or intellectual constitution, ap¬ pearance, structure, workmanship, etc. £ 1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 120 The fairest man .. Withouten faute fra heid to fote. 1538 Starkey England 11. i. 26 The commyn fautys and mysordurys of the same. 1599 Min- sheu Dial. Sp. <5* Eng. (1623) 57 The women generally .. have three faults, .litle eies, great mouthes, and not very smooth skin. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. 11. xvii. 86 Do not see . .any fault, in the administration of their common busi- nesse. 1675 Villiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Ess, Poetry 74 Where can one [song] be seen without a fault ? 1713 Swift Cadenus Vanessa 603 She own’d the wandering of her thoughts, But he must answer for her faults. 1884 tr. Lotze's Logic 197 An essential fault of the Pythagorean theory. c. In phrase To a fatilt (qualifying an adj.): to such an extent that it becomes a fault; excessively, extremely. 1752 Scots Mag. XV. 41/1 This was good-natur’d to a fault. 1762 Goldsm. Nash Wks. 1881 IV. 89 She was., generous to a fault. 1849 D. G. Mitchell Battle Summer (1852) 140 His dress is plain to a fault. d. Comm. With all faults (now sometimes ab¬ breviated ‘ A.F.* or ‘Job A.F.’) : with all defects, i. e. the seller will not be answerable for them. 1716 Lond. Gaz. N0.5400/4 To be taken away with all Faults. + 4 . An unsound or damaged place; a flaw, crack; Mil, a gap in the ranks. Ohs. 1514 Barclay Cyt. 4- Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 9 Stoppe all the holes where thou can fautes se. 1595 Shaks. John iv. ii. 33 Patches set vpon a little breach Discredite more in hiding of the fault. 1609 C. Butler Fem. Mon. iii. (1623) G iij, First, lift vp the stalls .. then setting them downe againe. .mend all brackes and faults about them. 1698 Sir T. Morgan Progr. in France in Select . Hart. Misc. (1793) 388 Major Morgan, observing the enemy mending faults, and opening the intervals of the foot, to bring horse in. 5. Something wrongly done. Phrase, To commit (rarely do, make) a fault . a. In moral sense : A dereliction of duty; a misdeed, transgression, offence. Also occas. Delinquency in general, ‘ something wrong \ 13.. E. E. Altit . P. B. 177 Forfele fautez may a freke forfete his blysse. #1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 66 Forto dense her of sertaine fauutes that she had done. 1514 Barclay Cyt. <5- Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 3 Faustus..To them imputynge grete fautes. 1550 Crowley Last Trump 753 Winke not at fakes. 1611 Bible Gen. xli. 9, I doe remember my faults this day. 1748 Butler Scrm.. Wks. 1874 II. 310 Distresses, .brought upon persons by their own faults, a 1853 Robertson Serin. Ser. iii. xvii. 219 A rest¬ less, undefinahle sense of fault. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 250 A fault which is most serious, I said ; the fault of telling a lie. b. A failure in what is attempted; a slip, error, mistake. Now somewhat rare ; lady teachers often use it in marking school exercises (after F. faute). In early use csp. + a clerical error or misprint. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. Author's Pref., If any faute he in this my rude translacyon. 1559 W. Cunningham Cosmogr. Glasse Aiijb, If faultes escape .. with penne spedely amende it. 1583 Holiband Campo di Fior 359 Leave more space hetwene both lines. That there maye he place to mende your faultes. 1633 E. Campion's Hist. I ret. (at end), Faults escaped. 1701 De Foe True-born Eng. Pref., The Book is Printed ; and tho I see some Faults, ’tis too late to mend them. 1725 Watts Logic iii. iii, There must he some fault in the deduction. 1774 Goldsm. Grecian Hist. II. 35 The other army .. had made another fault, not less considerable. 1845 Graves Rom. Law in Encycl. Mctrop. 775/1 The.. faults of the Florentine MS. are corrected. c. spec, in Rackets and Tennis. A faulty stroke ; a stroke in which the server fails to make the ball fall within the prescribed limits. 1599 Chapman Humorous Day's Mirth E ij, I gaue him fifteene and all his faults. 1611 Cotgr., Bisque , a fault at Tennis. 1679 Shadwell True Widow 1, We’ll play with you at a bisk, and a fault, for twenty pound. 1886 H. F. Wilkin¬ son Encycl. Brit. XX. 210/2 (Rackets), Two consecutive faults put a hand out. 1888 J. Marshall ibid. XXIII. 182/2 (Tennis), It is a fault if the service be delivered from the wrong court. 6 . a. To find (a) fault: to discover or perceive a fajilt (senses 3 - 5 ) in a person or thing, b. Hence, idiomatically, To find fatilt (with, + at) : to express dissatisfaction (with), criticize unfavour¬ ably, censure. a. a 1375 Lay Folks Mass Bk. App. iv. 479 Faute J> er * Inne 3if pat he fynde Mak no scornynge me be-hynde. £ 1400 Rom. Rose 3837 Grete faute in thee now have I founde. c 1440 York Myst. xx. 183 Fautez nowe are founden fele. 1563-7 Buchanan Reform. St. Andros Wks. (1892) 9 Geif the regent find fait quhairof the nomen- clator has nocht advertysit hym. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 29 P 3 The only Fault I find in our present Practice. 1841 Lane Arab. Nts. I. 63 If he find any fault in her within three days. b. c 1400 Destr. Troy 4850 Rule vs by rightwisnes .. pat no fawte with vs founden be. 1588 J. Udall Dioirephes (Arb.) 6 Finding faut with him for one thing or another. 1593 Tell-Trotiis N. Y. Gift qh man will finde fault without cause. 1611 Bible Markv ii. 2 When they saw some of his disciples eate bread with defiled.. hands, they found fault. 1656 Artif. Handsom. (1662) 4 Eyes .. over-curious to find fault at Art. 1741 Middleton Cicero (ed. 3) III. xi. 257 You find fault with me. 1776 Bentham Fragm. Govt. Wks. 1843 I. 230 If nothing is ever to be found fault with, nothing will ever be mended. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) L 161, I am not given to finding fault. 1892 T. W. Erle in Lazo Times XCIII. 417/2 No fault was found with my suggestions. 7. a. With reference to persons: Culpability; the blame or responsibility of causing or per¬ mitting some untoward occurrence; the wrong¬ doing or negligence to which a specified evil is attributable. To be hi (f one's, + the) fault: to be to blame. + To lay, put (a) fault f in, upon : to impute blame to. + To bear the fault \ to bear the blame. It is my (his, etc.) fault'. I am (he is, etc.) the person to blame for what has happened. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. x. 103 And leyden fautes vpon pe fader )?at fourmed vs alle. c 1475 Rauf Coityar 290 He will be found in his fault, that wantis. 1530 Cromic in Strype. Eccl. Mem. III. App. x. 20, I doo nott putt fawte in no man. 1530 Palsgr. 429/2, I am .. in the faute that a thyng is a mysse, jay tort. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Northumbld. xix, This was my hap, my fortune, or my fawte. 1600 E. Blount tr. Conestaggio 206 To lay the faulte upon Anthony. 1665 Boyle Occas. Refl. iv. xi. (1845) 235 Their Superiours are in the fault. 1700 S. L. tr. C. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 349 The Master was in all the fault. 1715 De Foe Earn, Instruct. 1. v. (1841) I. 96 Lay the fault on me. x 726~3i Tindal Rapin's Hist. Eng. (1743) II. xvii. 675 Who are in the greatest faults. 1735 Pope Ep. Lady 73 Let Blood and Body bear the fault. 1756-7 tr. Keyslers Trav. (1760) I. 319 All is lost, but not througn any fault of mine, a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) II. 22 When weak poets go astray, ‘The stars are more in fault than they’. 1848 Dickens Dombcy ii It will be our own faults if we lose sight of this one. 1884 F. M. Crawford Rom. Singer I. 1 It was not any fault of mine. U Incorrectly in plural, by the attraction of poss. adj. referring to two or more persons. 1738 Common Sense (1739) II. 242 Where this happens, it is their own Faults. 1774 Mitford Ess. Harmony Lang. 228 It is our own faults if we err greatly. b. The defect, the 1 something wrong* (in things, conditions, etc.) to which a specified evil is at¬ tributable. (Phrases as in a.) I 375 Barbour Bruce iii. 298 Giff. .he thar-off fail3e, The fawt may be in his trawail3e. 1590 Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons 21 By the negligence of the Harquebuziers .. or by the fault of the touch-boxes. 1656 H. Phillips Purch. Patt. (1676) 15 The fault lies in those false rules and customs. 1803 T. Beddoes Hygcia xi. 15 Rich sauces eaten in pro¬ fusion .. are very frequently in fault. 1807 Med. Jrnl . XVII. 244 The fault.. is not in the practitioner hut in the patient. 1859 Tennyson Geraint 4* Enid 1115 Creatures voiceless thro’ the fault of birth. 8 . Hunting, A break in the line of scent; loss of scent; a check caused by failure of scent. + Cold fault : cold or lost scent. To be, f fall at (a) fault : to overrun the line of scent owing to its irregularity or failure ; to lose or be off the scent or track. To hit off a fault : to recover a lost scent. 1592 Shaks. Ven. Ad. 694 The hot scent-snuffing hounds..have singled..the cold fault cleanly out. 1607 Topsell Fourf Beasts (1673) 107 Suddenly the hounds fell at a fault. 1637 Shirley Lady of Pleasure 11. ii, Give him leave To follow his own nose, .while he hunts In view, —he’ll soon be at a fault. 1687 Congreve Old Bach. v. i, Your blood-hound has made out the fault. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones x. vi, Bad hounds, .never hit off a fault them¬ selves. 1781 Beckford H unting J 1802) 163 If along fault make his [the huntsman’s] assistance necessary. 1888 Times 10 Oct. 5/5 They [bloodhounds] are at fault .. by overrunning the line. 1888 P. Lindley ibid. 16 Oct. 10/5 The hound, .took up the stale trail.. without a fault, b. fig. At fault : puzzled, at a loss. [1626 Wotton in Reliq. Wotton. (ed. 3) 550 We are..at a fault, in the Hunter’s term.] 1833 Ht. Martineau Loom 4- Lugger 1. v. 87 One’s conscience being at fault, an appeal to the law must settle the matter." 1840 R. H. Dana Bef Mast i. 1 My little knowledge of a vessel was all at fault. 1861 T. L. Peacock Gryll Grange ii, There was sufficient diversity in the characters of the rejected to place con¬ jecture at fault. 1886 Shorthouse Sir Percival iv. 121 The walls and courts ..were so full of. .relics of the past that the wisest antiquarians were at fault. % c. The phrase at fault is sometimes incorrectly used in the sense ‘not equal to the occasion’, ‘in the position of having failed \ With still greater impropriety, it is (according to Mr. Fitzedward Hall) frequently employed by American and oc¬ casionally by Eng. writers in the sense of ‘ in fault \ 1876 L. Stephen Eng. Thought I. vi. 324 The many difficulties in nature.. when made the groundwork of an argument, .imply that the creator has been at fault. 9. Geol. and Mining, A dislocation or break in continuity of the strata or vein. Cf. Y. faille. 1796 Phil. Traits. 351 They discovered, .a fault, .in the strata. 1813 Bakewell Introd. GeoL (1815) 263 Faults generally decline a little from a vertical position. 1830 Lyell Princ . Geol. I. 43 The faults and dislocations of the strata. 1847 Ansted Anc. World vi. 108 Every coal-field is..split asunder and broken into small fragments by., ‘faults’, i860 Tyndall Glac. 11. xxvii. 392 The [ice] beds were bent, and their continuity often broken by faults. 1863 Lyell Antiq. Man (ed. 3^ 199 A valley, .follows a line of fault in the chalk. 1883 W. S. Greslf.y Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 103 There are several kinds of faults, e.g. Faults of Dislocation; of Denudation; Upheaval; Trough Fault; Reverse or Overlap Fault; Step Fault, b. (See quot.) 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., In coal-seams, sometimes applied to the coal rendered worthless by its condition in the seam (slate-fault, dirt-fault, etc.). 10. Telegr, An imperfect insulation ; the con¬ dition of being in contact with anything which impairs or weakens the current; a leakage. 1863 Culley Handbk. Pract. Tclegr. iv. 64 These faults are called ‘earth’ and ‘contact*. Ibid. iv. 65 Suppose., a fault to occur connecting the wire to the earth .. This leak will lessen the total resistance. 11. Comb . Chiefly objective, as faultfinder sb.; fault fi 7 iding sb. and adj. ; fault-hunting adj.; attrib. (sense 9 ) fault-line . Also fault-reader, one who can trace the correspondence of strata interrupted by a fault; fault-rock, fault-stuff (see quots.) ; fault-slip, the smooth surface of the frac¬ tured rocks in some types of faults. 1561 T. Hoby tr. Castiglione's Courtyer Epist. C ij b, I confesse to my ^faultfinders. 1581 Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 49 Fault-finders . .wil correct the Verbe, before they vnderstande the Noune. 1852 Robertson Serm. Ser. iv. xxxv. (1863) 2 73 Social faultfinders, who are ever on the watch for error. 1626 Bernard Isle of Man 20 He. .liveth upon *fault-finding. 1865 Miss Mulock Chr. Mistake 90 Small backbitings and fault-findings. 1622 Davies Orchestra lxv, Correspondence. .That no *fault-finding eye did ever blame. 1630 M. Godwyn tr. Bp. Godwyris Ann. Eng. 43 The most fault-finding could not complaine of any want in that kinde. 16x2 Chapman Widowes T. in Dodsley O. PI. (1720) VI. 210, I must..be sure to give no hold to these * fault-hunting enemies. 1869 Phillips Vesuv. vii. 197 On such a *fault-line atmospheric vicissitude has been effective. 1891 R. Kipling City Dreadf Nt. 85 A good ** fault-reader'.. must more than know geology. 1877 A. H. Green Phys. Geol. ix. § 4. 365 Fragments of the adjoining rocks mashed and jumbled together, in some cases hound into a solid mass called fault-stuff or *fault-rock. 1882 Geikie Text Bk. Geol. iv. vi. 524 The line of fracture is marked by a belt or wall-like mass of fragmentary rock, FAULT. 105 FAULTLESSNESS. known as ‘fault rock'. 1883 Grf.si.ey Gloss. Terms Coni Mining , * Fault-slip. 1811 J. Farey Agric. Derlysh. 1. i. § 3. 120 Extraneous matters filling the Fault .. I shall call them “Fault-stuff. 1877 [see fault-rock above]. Fault (fjlt, fglt), v. Forms: 4 6 faut(e(n, fawt(e, 6 faulte, 6-7 fait, 9 Sc. faut, 6 - fault, [f. prec. sb.; cf. OF. fattier, which may be the source in the older senses.] + 1. intr. To be wanting or absent. Const, dal. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Laurcntius 778 pat was to pat like end: Gyf ocht fawtyt, It til amend. 1377 Langl. P. PI. 11. ix. 66, I fynde pat holicherche Shulde fynden hem pat hem fauteth. 1398 J r kvis a Barth De P. R. xix. 1.(1495) 860 Yf lyghte lackyth and fawtyth : the qualyte of colour is not seen. <1460 Launfal 200 Today to cherche y wolde have gon, Blit me fawtede hosyn and schon. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. xxx. 87 Here fauteth company. + 2. To be deficient in, to be lacking in. Ohs. 1504 Atkinson tr. De Imitatione 111. xxxix, Worldlye wyse men fawleth in thy wysdome, good lorde. 1579 E. K. in Spenser's Sheph. Cat. Epist., Minding to furnish our tongue in this kind, wherein it faulteth. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625'A iij, I will blush for mine errors, where I fault in ability I will shew you my will. 1606 Holland Sue ton. Annot. 11 Hee faulted in common civilitie. t 3. trans. To stand in need of, lack, want, be deficient in. Obs. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. ix. 66 Foies pat fauten Imvitte. a 1400-50 Alexander 2710 A thing .. parnes pe wyngis, And fautis pe fethirhames. 1470-85 Malory Arthur m. i, I fawte 1 [knyghtes], for so many haue ben slayne. c 1475 Partenay 6379 She noght fauteth pat haue shold A lady. ahsot. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 31 Be this way the ost may never faut. + b. impers. = Yx. ilfaut. To be needful. Obs. 1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W.) v. iii. 377 It fauteth not for to ymagen that they ben lesse ferefull in hell. 14. intr. To come short of a standard ; to make default, fail. Obs. 14.. tr. Leges Quatuor Burgorumc. 19 in Sc. Stat. (1844) I. 336 Gif he faltis twyis he sail be chastyte twyis for his forfaute. Gif he faltis thryse [etc.], i486 Stanley’s Ord. Lichfield Gild 12 If the seid. .persons wyl absent them-self . .[they] shal pay ij pownd of wax ; and as ofle as ony of them so fawteth after iij times monysshed, to be discharged. 1545 Ascham Toxoph. (Arb.) 36 If shotinge faulte at any tyme, it hydes it not .. but openly accuseth and bewrayeth it selfe. ci6ii Sylvester Du Bartas (1621) 11. iv. iv. Decay 512 Let not our Fervour fault, Through length of Siege. a 1677 M anton Serin. Wks.(1871) II. 187 He hath exceed¬ ingly failed and faulted in his duty. b. quasi -trans. To fail or omit lo (do some¬ thing) ; to miss (one’s aim). Obs. 1522 St. Papers Hen. VIII, VI. 103 Wherin His Grace shall not faulte to indevour Hymself after his best power. 1527 Knight in J. S. Brewer Henry VIII , xxviii. (18841 II. 224 The contents whereof I shall not fault to follow accord¬ ing unto your Grace’s pleasure. 1591 Troub. Raigne K. John (1611) 53 lie mend the fault, or fault my aime. 5. intr. To commit a fault, to do or go wrong, hence sometimes, to sin. Obs. exc. arch, rarely quasi -trans. with neut. pron. as obj. Const, against , to, toward. Also rarely , To fault it. c 1400 Apol. Loll. 66 He fautid be error & be vnkun- ning. a 1400-50 Alexander 2659 ‘ Quat has he fauted ?’ quod pe frek. c 1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. 74, I faulted neuer to you truelie. 1483 Caxton G.dc la Tourcxxx. 182 Men shalle saye that she fawted in dede. 1548 Udai.l, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke xv. 132 Whatsoeuer I haue faulted, I haue faulted against him alone. 1549 Contpi. Scot. xiv. 122 I exort 3011.. that gyf ony of 30U lies faltit contrar ^our coniont veil., that correct }our selfis. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. ix. xliv. (1612) 21 r They., die in lingring Tor¬ ments, who Fault to their Inquisition, a 1603 T. Cart¬ wright Confut. Rhcni. N. T. (1618) 27 He that marrieth another, faulteth against the former wife. 1625 B. Jonson Staple of News 11. i, And where my dogs have faulted, Remove it with a broom, a 1632 T. Taylor God’s Judgeni. I. 1. xxii. (1642) 86 The people of Caisarea faulted greatly when .. they called King Herod a god. 1647 Ward Simp. Colder 88 Poore Coblers well may fault it now and then, They’r ever mending faults for other men. 1825 Scott Talism. xx, He hath foully faulted towards me, in failing to send the auxiliary aid he promised. 1871 Browning Balaust. 96 Had I died for thee I had faulted more, + b. of things. Obs. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. x. lx. (1612) 265 Somewhat some¬ where faulteth. 1608 Bp. Hall Char. Virtues S V. 11.101 Everie thing faulteth either in too much or too little, t 6 . To make a mistake, be in error, blunder. 153° Palsgr. 546/2 It is no marvayle thoughe I faulte yet, I am but a begynner. C1550 Chf.ke Matt, xviii, Y° greak fauteth heer in y° nomber. 1624 Bedell Lett. vi. 95 Hee faults himselfe in the same kinde, that hee imputes to another. 1692 Covt. Grace Conditional 47 If they faulted in any thing about the Matter in controversie, it was in giving too much to Faith. 1765 Chesterf. Lett. (1890) 178 His tongue stammering and faulting. 7. trans. To find fault with, to blame or censure. Somewhat rare. Also + To fault (a person) with or that : to charge with, find fault with because. Now chiefly dial, and U.S. *559 Baldwin Mirr. Magistr. (1563) vi. b, Or shal I fault the fates that so ordayne? 1585 Abp. Sandys Serm. (1841) 53 If it fall upon his head, let him fault himself. 1590 T. Watson Eglogue death Sir E. Waisingham 276 (Arb.) 169 My mind, .gins fault hir giuing place to sorrows sourse. *633 T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter ii. 4 The lion was faulted by the lioness, that his breath stank. 1677 Cary CJironol. II. 11. 1. iii. 193 Josephus is to be faulted, for saying that it was in the 25thyear. 1791 Wolcott (P. Pindar) Rights of Kings Wks. 1812 II. 415 Fault the poor Flesh and quarrel with the Fish. 1842 S. Lover Handy Andy xxi, What’s that you’re faulting now? is it my deal seats without cushions? VOL. IV. 1850 Mrs. F. Trollope Petticoat Govt. 161 Her manner.. could not, to use an American phrase, be ‘ faulted ’. 1866 Lowell Biglow P. Introd., The Americanisms with which we are faulted. b. To impugn or mark as faulty, rare. *585 Abp. Sandys Serm. (1841) 233 Any deformity ..in the body of a naked man .. is soon espied and faulted. *^35 Shelford Learned Disc. 54 God’s house is abused by them which bring hither hawks and dogs, which is faulted in our Church-homilie. 1665 J. Sergeant Sure Footing 58 If Protestants faulted not ihe Rule. 1882-3 J- J. Mombf.rt in Schaff Encycl. Relig. Kncmd. I. 736 Twenty- nine passages, .faulted by Lawrence as incorrect. 8 . Hunting. To put (a hound) at fault; to throw off the scent, rare. 1873 W. S. Mayo Never again xii. 164 A way ! By which we’ll fault their staunchest hound. 9. Ceol. and Mining, trans. Chiefly pass. To cause a fault (see Fault sb. 9) or break of con¬ tinuity in ; to dislocate. To fault down or through : to depress (part of a stratum), to drive (part of it) through (another) with the result of causing a fault. 1849 Murchison Siluria vii. 139 It is faulted on the north-west against Old Red Sandstone. 1863 Dana Man. Geol. iii If the stratum were inclined at 15° without fault¬ ing, it would stand as in lig. D. 1872 W. S. Symonds Rec. Rocks , Black slates at Llandeilo are faulted through the Caradoc beds. 1879 Rutley Stud. Rocks ii. 8 Portions of the already solidified crust were faulted down or depressed. 1883 Science I. 101 An undulation which has overturned the folds, and has faulted them in some places. Jig. 1837 Sir F. Palgrave Merck. e. r 1340 Gaw. Gr. Knt. 640 Fyrst he watz funden fautlez in his fyue wyttes. a 1674 Clarendon Hist. Reb. ix. (1843) 577/1 A very faultless young man. 1709 Pope Ess. Grit. 253 Whoever thinks a faultless piece to see, Thinks what ne’er was, nor is, nor e’er shall be. 1770 Junius Lett, xxxix. 203 A fautless, insipid equality. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xii. (1856) 88 A singularly beautilul bird, faultless in its purity of white. 1868 Freeman Norm. Cone/. (1876) II. x. 506 The faultless model of a ruler. 1883 Gii.mour Mongols xxxi. 358 Resplendent in yellow coats and faultless hats. 2 . That has committed no fault; that is not to blame ; guiltless, innocent. Obs. exc. with mixture of sense 1. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. II. 758 Finally were he faultie or faultlesse, attainted was he by Parliament. c 1540 Order in Battayll C iij b, As well for the fault¬ lesse, as the gyltie. 1624 Fairfax Godfr. of Boulogne 111. 39 For our sinnes he faultlesse suffered paine. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iii. 710 Take the Traytor’s Head, E’er in the faultless Flock the dire Contagion spread. [ 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 305 Rochester .. expressed a wish to be informed of the grounds on which the Admiral had been declared faultless.] -f b. occas. transf Not caused by any fault. Also in faultless pardon, a pardon for an alleged offence never committed. Obs. 1556 J- Hey wood Spider <5- F. ii.151 To take all fautles falles, reioisinglie. 1597 Hooker Eccl.Pol. v. lx.(1611)317 In whome there is no other defect beside his faultlesse lacke of baptisme. 1752 Carte Hist. Eng. III. 575 Obliging the most deserving of his subjects to ask a faultless pardon. Faultlessly (fglt-, fg'ltlesli), adv. [f. prec. + -LY-.] In a faultless manner, fa. Blamelessly {obs.). b. Without flaw or blemish ; irreproach¬ ably, perfectly. 1610 Healey St. A ug. Citie of God 127 Give thus much leave to a poore woman, in tender affection, faultlessly to bewaile her spouse. 1856 Froude IIist. Eng. (1858) 11. viii. 245 The fidelity of the clansmen to their leaders was fault¬ lessly beautiful. 1880 ( )uida Moths 11. 362 She is faultlessly made. 1893 C. H. IIerford in Bookman June 83/2 No doubt the translation is faultlessly correct. Faultlessness (fg-lt-, fg-ltlesnes). [f. as prec. + -NESS.] The quality or condition of being fault¬ less. fa. Freedom from blame; blamelessness {obs.). b. Freedom from defect or blemish. 1580 Sidney Arcatiia (1622) 429 The wrong.. you doe vnto me, to thinke me .. so childish, as not to perceiue your faithfull faultlesnesse. 1754 Edwards Freed. It ill IV. iii. (ed. 41 292 Our ideas of e.xcusableness or faultlessness. 1818 Hazi.itt Fug. Poets iv. 99 His excellence is by no means faultlessness. a 1853 Robertson Serm. Ser. 11.197 Perfection is more than faultlessness. 1858 Doran Crt. Fools 4 Venus . .proud in the conviction of her faultlessness. FAULTRESS. 106 FAUSSEBRAIE Faultress. rare. [fem. of Faultek : see -ess.] A female offender. 1838 J. Struthers Poetic Tales 16 Faultress dire to laws above. Faultsome, a. rare. [f. Fault sb. + -some ] F'ull of faults, faulty. 1891 R. Kipling in Lippincott's Mag. Jan. 95, I like that fault. Be more faultsome. Faulture (fp’lt-, fg-ltiiu). rare— 1 , [f. Fault v. -f -URE.] A failing; in quot. concr. Decayed remnants. 1820 Keats Hyperion (First Version) 1. 70 What I had seen..Seem’d but the faulture of decrepit things To that eternal domed monument. t Fau'ltworthy, a. Ohs. rare. [f. Fault v. + Wokthy.] Deserving of blame, blameworthy, culpable. 1586 Ferne Blaz. Centric To Gentl. Inner Temple, Such things which .. he iudgeth faultworthy, a 1656 Bp. Hall Revelation Unrevealed § n I11 both which extremes these last times have been too fault worthy. Faulty (fplt-, fp’lti), a. Forms : 4-5, 9 dial. fauty, 4-5 fawty(e, 5 fawte, 6 fawtie, fautye, 6-7 faultie, (6 faulte), 7 faultye, 7- faulty, [f. as prec. + -Y 1 , peril, after Y.fautif ] 1 . Containing faults, blemishes or defects; de¬ fective, imperfect, unsound. a. of material things. 1435 Misyn Mending of Life 108 So }>ow settis )>i-self on a fawte grounde. c 1450 St. CutJibert (Surtees) 4082 J>e walles of cuthbert oratory he fande J>aim mekil fawty. 1530 Palsgr. 312/1 Fautye as fruite is that is nat sownde. 1577 Nottingham Rec. IV. 171 Many stretes is owte of order for mendyng vere faulte. 1643 Prynne Open. Gt. Seal 21 Some of the seales for ill cloathes, to have faultie engraven in them. 1697 Dampier Voy. (16981 I. 443 Here they made a new Boltsprit .. our old one being very faulty. 1697 Dryden Virgil, Life <1721) I. 29 He [the colt] came of a faulty Mare. 1759 tr. DuhameTs llnsb. 11. i. (1762) 115 To pluck up the faulty ears as fast as they appeared. 1846 Greener Sc. Gunnery 187 If a barrel be faulty, or locks inferior. 1862 Huxley Led. IVrkg. Men 47 Faulty as these layers of stone in the earth’s crust are, defective as they necessarily are as a record. 1887 S. C/tesh. Gloss, s. v. Fauty , 4 These tatoes bin turnin up very fauty.’ 1888 Perish. Gloss., Vauty , anything, .with part decayed is so described. b. of immaterial things. 1380 Wyclif IVks. (1880' 364 God taki]> |ns ordenance in his chirche as. .in nowise fawtye. 1535 Joye Apol. Tiudale 27 Whether my correccion..be a diligent correccion, and Tindales translacion fautye or no. 1551 T. Wilson Logike (1580) 34 b, It is a faultie argument. 1649 W. Dugdale in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 174 If Mr. Leicester do knowe it [my comparing of Domesday] to be faultye .. that I will not deny. 1744 Berkeley Sir is § 68 The origin of the gout lies in a faulty digestion. 1789 Burns Let. to Miss Williams, Where the expression seems to be perplexed or faulty. 1830 Mackintosh Eth. Philos. Wks. 1846 I. 185 Those .. may consistently blame the faulty principle, and rejoice in its destruction. 2 . Of persons, their qualities, etc.: Having im¬ perfections or failings; apt to do wrong or come short of duty. 1574 tr. Marlorat's Apocalips 40 The cause why our affec¬ tions are faultie, is for that they runne headlong, and haue no stay of themselues. 1621 Bp. Hall Heaven upon Earth § 5 Our best endeuour is ..faulty. 1712 Budgell Sped. No. 506 ip 6 The ladies are generally most faulty in this particular. 1729 Butler Serrn. Pref. Wks. 1874 II. 21 To forgive injuries, .so peculiarly becomes an imperfect, faulty creature. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) I. iii. 14 His reputed faulty morals. 1878 Browning La Saisiaz 68 The nice distinction ’twixt fast foes and faulty friends. 3 . + a. That has committed a fault, error, or offence ; guilty of wrong-doing (obs.). b. That is in fault or to blame (for some undesirable results). 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 741 Quat if faurty be fre and fauty ]>yse o}>er Schalt ]>ow schortly al schende & schape non o}>er. 1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 364 Ellis men mosten say J>at God is and was fawty in ordenance of bo|>e his lawis. 1389 in Eng. Gilds (18/0) 72 Qwat man or woman be fawty, he schal paye .. di. li. wax. c 1440 York My si. xl. 130 A ! fooles h at are fauty and failes of youre feithe. 1481 Caxton Reynard .r. fasoure, vasure] ek, As hyt wolde asonder. Faunship (fg-njip). [f. Faun + -ship.] The attribute of being a faun. i860 Hawthorne Marb. Faun xii. (1883) 128 The fact of his faunship being otherwise so probable. + Faunt. Obs . Also 4 fant, fawnt. [Aphetic form of OF. enfaunt , enfant : see Infant. The shortened form has not been found in Fr., but It. has the corresponding fante boy, servant, foot- soldier, whence Ger. fant.] An infant, a child, a young person. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. A. 161 At he fote J> er -of [*. e. of h c crystal clyffe] her sete a faunt. 1382 Wyclif Lev. xii. 3 The ei}t day the fawnt shal be circumcidid. a 1400-50 A lexander 4629 For quilk a frek is bot a fant h a n is he first simple. + Fau ntekin. Obs. Forms : 4 faun-, fawn- t(e)kyn(e, 5 fantekyn. [dim. of Faunt : see -kin.] A little child, an infant. 1377 Langl. P. Pi. B. xm. 213, I shal dwelle as I do my deuore to shewen, And conformen fauntekynes. 1393 Ibid. C. xi. 182 Fauntekynes and fooles. 1400 Mode Arth. 845 He has fretyne .. als fele fawntekyns of freeborne childyre ! G1440 Gesta Rom. lxi. 26o(Harl. MS.) Whanne I was a fantekyn, I was fonde in a toune, in a cradyl. t Fau'ntelet. Obs. [Aphetic f. OF . enfantelct’. see Faunt and -let.] A little child. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xii. 310 ‘ Je, farewel fyppe ’, qunlh fauntelet. t Fauntelte. Obs. [A badly-formed abstract noun from prec.] Childishness. 1377 Langl. P.Pl. B. xv. 146 Withouten fauntelte or foly. + Fauntempere. Obs. rare — '. A dish in old cookery. c 1430 Two Cookery-bks. 19 Fauntempere — Take Al- maunde mylke, & floure of rys, Sugre [etc.]. Faurd, Sc. pronunc. of favoured ; only in com¬ pounds, as ill- , wellfaurd. Fause, Sc. and dial, form of False a. Fau'se-house. Sc. [f. fause, Sc. f. of False a. + House.] A hollow made in a corn-stack, with an opening on the side most exposed to the wind, for the purpose of drying the corn. 1785 Bu rns Halloween x, Nell had the fause-house in her min’, She pits herself and Rob in. t Fau'sen, sb. Obs. Also 6 valson, 7 valsen, 9 dial, fazen. A kind of eel. Applied variously to a fresh or salt-water eel, and to a small or large eel (see quots). Also fausen-ecl. 1547 Boorde lirev. Health Ixxxvii. 35 b, Take the fatnes of a valson ele. 1602 Carew Cornwall (1733) 31 Of Eeles there are two sorts : the one Valsen, of best taste, comming from the fresh riuers..the other, bred in the salt water & called a Conger Eele. c 1611 Chapman Iliad xx i. 190 The wave-sprung entrails, about which fausens and other fish Did shoal. <1640 J. Smyth Hundred of Berkeley (1885) 319 A fauson, or great fat eele. 1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. 325/1 An Eel [is] first a Fausen, then a Grigg. 1708 Motteux Rabelais iv. lx, Fausens, and Griggs. 1887 Kent Gloss., P'azen adj. The fazen eel is a large brown eel, and is so called at Sandwich in contradiction to the silver eel. t Fausen, a. Obs. 1591 Troub. Raignc K. John (1611) 53 The Friars chest filld with a fausen Nunne. 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 11. v. 57 Fausen sluts, like Bartholomew Faire pig-dressers. Fauserite (Ig'serait). Min. [Named by lireithaupt (1865) from Fa-user name of a gentle¬ man at l’esth + -1TE.] [See quots.) 1868 Dana Min. 645 Fauserite.. From Herrengrund in Hungary. 1879 Watts Diet. Chcm. VI. 611 Fauserite, a native magnesio-inanganous sulphate. Fauson, obs. form of Fashion. t Fau'Sonry. Obs. Also 7 fauxonry. [ad OF .faussonerie, fauxoncrie, f. faussoner to deceive, i. faus False.] Fraud, in the legal sense; falsifi¬ cation of deeds or measures, coining false money, etc. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. lxii. (1739) 121 Felonies, of Manslaughter, .and Fausonry, are to be punished with loss of Member and Estate. Ibid. 122 Fauxonry is of several degrees or kinds, .as falsifying the King's Charter, falsi¬ fying of Money, .ox falsifying of Measures. Faussebraie, -braye (fi>s,bif). Fortif. Forms: a. 5 fawce-, fawese-, (6 faws-) braye, 9 fausse-braie, 7- fausse-braye. 0 . 7-8 false- bray, (7 falsbray). [a. F. fausse braie, f. fausse, fem. of faux false + braie : sec Bkayk.] An arti¬ ficial mound or wall thrown up in front of the main rampart. In early use, a covered way. a. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Ayrnon iii. 77 A fawcebraye vpon a roche, thrughe y J whiche reynawde .. wente oute vnder couerte. Ibid. vi. 149 Also he made y 1 ' portcolisse, fawesebrayes, & barbacanes well defensable. 1523 St. J'apcrs Henry Fill, IV. 38 Having noo bulwarkes nor fawsbrayes. 1688 Capt. J. S. Port if cation 57 The onely end of this Faussebray, is the defence of the Moat. 1767 Sterne Tr. Shandy IX. xi, All its trumpery of saps, mines ..fausse-brays, and cuvettes. 1828 Napier Penins. War x. vii. (Rtldg.) II. 74 A second wall, about 12 feet high, called a. fausse braie. .surrounded the first. 1855 Smf.dley Occult Sciences 211 note, One of the pinnacled battlements of the fausse-braye. p. 1604 E. Grimstone Hist. Siege Ostend 34 Others., were in the False Bray. 1667 Loud. Gaz. No. 212/2 Our men are now busily employed in placing new Palisados upon the Falsbray. 1702 W. J. Brurn's Voy. Levant xi. 51 One may more properly call that of the outward Wall a False-bray, or Under-Bulwark. FAUSSE-BRAYED. ]07 FAVOUR. attrib. 1812 Wellington in Gurw. Desp. VIII. 551 Having escaladed the fausse braie wall. t Fausse-brayed, ppl. a. Ohs. [f. prec. + -ed -.] Provided with a fausse-braye. (■1530 Ld. Berners A rth. Lyt. Bryl. (1814) 187 A hous . .wel bolwarked and fausbrayed. Faussee, var. of Fossee, Ohs. Faus(s)et, obs. form of Faucet. Faust (f^stl, a. rare. [ad. L. faust-us, f. favere to favour.] Happy, lucky. 1692 173a in Coles. 1721-1800 in Hailey. 1890 K. John¬ son Rise of Christendom 73 The Emperor, .ascending the Capitol amidst faust acclamations in the Hebrew, Creek, and Latin tongues. Fausted, var. of Forntid. t Fau stitude. Ohs.~° [as if ad. L. *fausti- tiido, {.fauslus : see Faust.] ‘ Good luck ’. 1721-1800 in Bailey. t Faustity. Ohs. [ad. L. faustildt-em, f. fauslus (see F aust).] ‘ Good luck, happiness ’. 1656 81 in Blount Glossogr. 1729 M. Ralph Mi sc. Poems 241, I send you Health. .And length and faustity of Days. Faut e, var. of Fault. Fauterer (fo'tDrai). [f. fauter, for Fautor+ -ER.] = F AUTOll. a 1662 in Heylyn Laud (1668) 1. 08 Thou art the fauterer of all Wickedness. 1817 Mar. Edgeworth Ormond vi. (1832) 60 Father Jos was by no means, .a friend or fauterer of sir Ulick. II Fauteuil (fStay). [a. F. fauteuil, f. OF. faudeteuil, faldestocl med.L. faldistolium Fald¬ stool.] An arm-chair. 1744 Gray in Gosse Life (1882) 74 Squatted me into a fauteuil. 1771 H. Walpole Lett. Cntcss. Ossory (1857) V. 324 The mountain - gods .. pulling their fauteuils across a continent. 1813 Examiner 1 Feb. 71/2 Sofas, fauteuils, console-tMes, girandoles. 1866 M rs. H. Wood St. Martin's Eve xxiv. (1874) 299 Her grandmamma’s fauteuil. t Fau'tive, a. Ohs. rare. [f. L. type *fau- iivus, f. favere to favour.] Tending to favour, favourable. Const, of, to. 1667 Waterhquse I’ ire Land. 37 Such instances as were by wise men observed Fautive of its progress. Ibid, no No corner of the. .Land to be fautive to it or polluted by it. Fautor (fg'to.t, -at). Forms: 4-7 fautour(e, (6 fauctour), 5-6 fawter, -or, -our, 6-7 fauter, 4,6- fautor. Also 6 7 erron. faulter, -or, -our. [ad. F .fauleur, ad. L. fautor, f. favere to favour.] One who favours ; a favourer. 1 . An adherent, partisan, supporter, abettor. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 209 Him and his fautours he cursed euerilkon. 1387 Trevisa Iligdcn (Rolls' IV. 443 But Symon and John, with here fautoures, stopped ]?e wayes al aboute. t'1450 St, Cnthbert 1 Surtees) 8356 With pair fautours all in fere. 1527 in Fiddes Wolscy 11. (1726) 141, I shall, .never more. .hide, .such heresies, .nor their auctors or fawtors. 1559 Mirr . Mug., Worcester xx, For princes faultes his faultors all men teare. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (162D693 This matter was with great heat debated.. either part having great faultours. 1713 Dkkiiam E/iys. T/ieol. v. i. 312 Cartes .. hath been thought by some to have been a Fautor of Atheism. 1786 H. Tooke Turley (1798) I. 398 His lordship and his fautors will do well to contend stoutly .. for their doctrine of language. 1832 Austin Jurispr. (1879) I. vi. 289 [Hobbes] is not of the apologists and fautors of tyranny. 1890 E. Johnson Rise Christendom 472 Montalembert, the great fautor and de¬ fender of the monks, f 2 . A protector, patron. Ohs. 1460 Capgrave Chron. 304 The archbishop .. cursed him for contumacie, and great fautoure of heretikes. 1548 W. Patten Expedition Scot. Ded. in Arb. Garner III. 52 His most benign fautor and patron. 1605 Camden Rem. (1637) 346 Humphrey, Duke of Glocester, a noble fautor of good letters. ci6ii Chapman Iliad 1. 441 O thou that all things seest, Fautor of Chrysce. 1686 Goad Celest. Bodies 11. xii. 321 He [a star] is the Fautor of Serenity. 1691 Wood Ath. Oxen I. 24 By the favour of his Patron, and fautor of his Studies, .he was. .made Scholar or Pastor. Fautorship (fj’taifip). [f. prec. + -ship.] The fact or condition of being a fantor; partisanship. 1863 Alford Grk. Test. (ed. 5) I. Prolegomena 76 The comparative absence of blind fautorship of the received text. 1888 H. C. Lea Hist. Inquisition I. 167 This final effort, .was naturally construed as fautorship of heresy. tFaivtress. Ohs. [f. as prec. + -ess.] A female fautor : a. a patroness ; b. an instigator. 1596 Drayton Legends iii. 313 The only Fautresse of all Noble Arts. 1621 G. Sandys Ovids Met. lit. (1626) 48 Mans Fautresse, Pallas, .stood by. 1703 Rowe Ulyss. in. i. 1125 Pallas, the Fautress of my Master’s Arms. 1717 Garth Ovid Ded., He comes from Banishment to the Fautress of Liberty. 1732 in Coles. t Fau’trix. Obs. [a. F. fautrix, fem. of fautor (see Fautor). Cf. F .fault-ice.] = prec. 1582 T. Watson Centurie of Lone xcii, Melissa mother is, and fautrix to the Bee. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met . vm. (1669' 153 Him Pallas, fautrix of good wits, sustains. 1630 M. Godwyn tr. Bp. Herefonfs Ann. Eng. 111. 325 The Queen, .was so exact a fautrix of justice. Fauvel, var. of Favel, Obs. II Fauvette (fove-t). [F. fauvette, f. fauve fallow.] The name given by French writers to a family of Warblers, and adopted by Bewick. 1797 Bewick Brit. Birds I. 209 The Fauvette. Pettichaps {Motacilla hippo lais, Lin., La Fauvette , Buff.'. Ibid. 212 The lesser Fauvette. Passerine Warbler. Ibid. 21^ The Winter Fauvette. Hedge Warbler. Ibid. 216 This dis¬ position. .is common to all the Fauvettes. 1802 G. Montagu Ornith. Diet ., Fauvette {Sylvia hortensis, Bechstein). 1839 Macgillivray Hist. Brit. Birds II. 345 Sylvia Hortensis , the Garden Warbler..Fauvette. .Garden Fauvet. II Faux (fpks). rare. [Assumed nom. sing, to L .fauces ; the sing, has classical authority only in the ablative.] = Fauces in various senses. 1828 Kirby & Sr. Entomol. I. 293 The sweet fluid which many of them (plants belonging to Diomua, Drosera, &c.) secrete near the faux. 1856 Henslow Diet. Bot. Terms, Faux (the gorge), the throat. Fauxety, -ity, obs. forms of Falsity. Fauxonry, var. of Fausonky. Obs., fraud. II Faux pas (foipa). [Ft. fattx false + fas step.] A false step, fig .; a slip, a trip; an act which compromises one’s reputation, csp. a woman’s lapse from virtue. Cf. False step in False a. 6. 1676 Wycherley PI. Dealer v. i, Before this faux pas, this trip of mine, the world could not talk of me. 1762 Foote Lyar\. Wks. 1799 I. 288 A firework. .well designed ? Sir y. Superb. V. liild. And happily executed ? Sir J. Not a single faux pas. 1763 Brit. Mag. IV. 350 Teriae Filius .. taxes them with any faux-pas, or irregularities they may have committed. 1823 Byron yuan xiv. lx, Foreigners don’t know that a faux pas In England ranks quite 011 a different list. 1840 Barham Ingol. Leg., Aec. New Play , His Lordship. .Conceiv’d that his daughter had made a faux pas. || Faux-prude. Ohs. [Fr.; faux False and prude Prude ] A man who simulates prudishness. 1676 Etheredge Man of Mode iv. i. Wks. (1888) 323 In Paris the mode is to Hatter the prude, laugh at the faux- prude. t Fava’gillOUS, a. Obs. Also 7 faviginous. [f. L. favus honeycomb; perh. on false analogy of farraginous , or of L. fabaginus , oleaginus .] Formed like or resembling a honeycomb in ap¬ pearance ; cellular. 1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus II. 515 A like ordina¬ tion there is in the favaginous Sockets, .of the noble flower of the sunne. 1686 Plot Staffordsh. 201 A third [mem¬ brane] .. faviginous like a hony-comb or tripe, without. 1692-1708 Coles, Favaginous. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. t Fa vel, a. and sb. Obs. Forms : 4 fauvel, fawvelle, 5 favel(l)e, (favyll), 6 favell, 4 6 favel. [a. OF. fauvel, f. fauve fallow-coloured, a. Tent. % fahvo- : see P'allow a. x The OF. word had all the uses found in Eng., so that there is no ground for treating sense 3 of the sb. as a dis¬ tinct word, though it is possible that it may have been associated by some ME. writers with OF .favele idle talk, cajolery:—L. fabella, dim. of fibula Fable. The phrase ‘ to curry Favel ’, OF. cstriller, iorcherFauvel, comes from the Roman dg Fauvel (1310), the hero of which is a counter¬ part of Reynard the Fox (see P. Paris, MSS. Bibl. du Roi I. 306); it has been adopted in Ger. as den fahlen hengst streichen. It is not clear whether before the date of this poem a ‘fallow’ horse was proverbial as the symbol of dishonesty ; the same notion is found in German, ‘ to ride the fallow horse ’ (den fihlcn hengst reiten —recorded from 15th c.' having the sense ‘ to play an underhand game, act deceitfully ’.] A. adj. Of a horse : = Fallow a. 1 (The exact colour denoted by the adj. in early use is uncertain.) c 1489 Caxton Sdnues of Aymon i. 33 There camerydynge a messager vpon a horse fauell. B. sb. 1 . As the proper name of a fallow-coloured horse. c 1325 Coer de L. 2320 Two stedes found the kyng Richard, That one bight Favel, that other Lyarde. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810' 175 Sipen at Japhet was slayn fauuelle [printed fanuelle] his stede. c 1375 Morte Arthur 2766 One ffawuelle [printed ffawnelle] of ffryselande to fferaunt he rydys. 2 . The fallow horse proverbial as the type of fraud, cunning, or duplicity. Only in phrase To ciu~ry Favel : see Curry v. 5 a. 3 . Hence used as a mere personification of cun¬ ning or duplicity. 1362 Langi.. P. PI. A. h. 6 Bope Fals and Fatiuel and al his hole Menye ! 1406 Hoccleve La Male Regie 223 % O thow, fauele, of lesynges auctour. 14.. Kyng $ Hermit 157 in Hazl. E. P. P. (1864) I. 19 Were I oute of my hermyte wede, Off my favyll I wold not dred. 1522 Skelton Why not to Court 92 Favell is false forsworne. 1576 R. Edwards Parad. D. Devices (1578) I iij, O favell false, thou traitor borne, what mischief more might thou devise ! II Favella (faveda). Bot. PI. -ae. [mod.L.; used by J. G. Agardh ( Koitgl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. for 1836, p. 43) ; his description and drawing suggest that he intended favellte to stand for ‘small beans’, in which case the word would be an incorrect dim. of h.fdha bean, influenced by the F. form fhvei] See quot. 1884. 1857 [see next]. 1867 J. Hogg Microsc. it. i. 274 When such a fruit is wholly external.. it is called a favella. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Favella , a form of the cottceptacular fruit of florideous Algse in which the spores are collected into spherical masses which lie on the outer surface of the frond. Favellidium (ftevelidimn). Bot. [f. (by J. G. Agardh 1842) Favella + Gr. dim. ending -18 lov (improperly used, as no diminutive sense was intended.] See quots. [1842 Agardh Alga? 60 Sunt spone numerosae in glomeru- lum arete congests;, pericarpio hyalino. .circumdatat; has Favellidia appellavi.] 1857 Berkely Cryptog. Bot. § 144. 170 Thus by the evolution of one cell, a favella. .is formed ; by the evolution of several detached but adjacent mother- cells, a compound favella or favellidium results. 1867 J. Hogg Microsc. u. i. 273 Such a fruit is called a favellidium I and occurs in Ilalymenia. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Favellidium (dim. of I'avelld), a form of the conceptacular part of a flori¬ deous Alga, in which the spores are collected into spherical masses, which lie entirely embedded in the substance uf the frond, as in Halymenia ; or project somewhat, as in Gigartina. Faveolate (favrdkh), a. [f. mod.L. faveolus, dim. of favus honeycomb + -ate 3 . Cf. F favcole .] Honeycombed, cellular. 1866 in Treas. Bot. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. Faverel (farverel). [var. of next.] A name of various plants, a. An onion, b. Draha vertia, whitlow-grass, c. See quot. a. 1597 Gerarde Herbal App., Fauerell is Ct’fea. 1847- 78 Halliwell, Faverel , an onion. Line. b. 1770 Sir J. Hill Herb. Brit. II. 249 Draba verna. Whitlow Faverel. 1878-86 Britten & Holland Plant-n Faverel.. Draba verna. C. 1884 Miller Plant-n., Faverell , an old name for Veronica A nagallis. •1 Fa-verole. Obs. [a. OF. faverolle (in Nor¬ mandy the broad bean, faha vulgaris) J] A name of various plants : see quots. c 1265 Voc. Names Plants in Wr.-Whicker 555 Fabaria , fauerole. 1597 Gerarde Herbal App., Faucrole is water Dragons. 1878 86 Britten & Holland Plant-n., Faverole .. Cal la pa lust ris L. 1884 Miller Plant-nFaverole , an old name for A rum Dracuticulus. t Favi’ficous, a. Ohs. [f. L. *favific-us (f. fav-us honeycomb + -ficus making: see -Etc) + -OUS.] That makes combs. 1668 Wilkins Real Char. 11. v. § 2. 126 Maggots or Worms that are Favificous ; or making of Combs. 1670 Phil. Trans. V. 2066 They are probably the favificous and gregarious kind. ]■ Faviform (fJFvifprm), a. Ohs. [f. L. fav-us a honeycomb + -form.] Formed or shaped like a honeycomb, honeycombed; esp. in Surg. (see quot. 1753). 1753 Chambers Cycl.Sitppl., Faviform , in surgery, a term used to express certain ulcers, which when pressed upon with the finger emit a sanies thro’ several small holes. 1775 in Ash. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. Favillous (favi’las), a. [f. L. favill-a bot ashes+ -0US. Cf. OF . favilleuxi] Consisting of or resembling ashes. 1650 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Fp. v. xxii. 231 The avolation of the light and favillous particles. 1775 in Ash. || Favissa. PI. favissae. [L. favissx. pi. underground cellars near the temples, used as store-houses.] (See quot.) I 73 °~^ Bailey (folio), Favissa [with Antiquaries], a hole, pit, or vault under ground, wherin some rarity of great value was kept. 1893 Nation 19 Jan. LVI. 53/2 The favissa; of temples, the vaults in which were buried..‘ ex-votos’. Favonian (favat mekill ioy hade, And fayuer of b at fre, b en any folke ellis. 1526 Tindale 1 Cor. xvi. 23 The favoure of the lorde Jesus Christ be with you all. 1535 Coverdale Ps. xliii[iv]. 3 Thou haddest a fauoure vnto them. [So in 1611.] 1551 Robinson tr. Afore's Utop. 1. (Arb.) 56 An other woulde haue the fauoure of the Swychers wonne with money. 1584 Rowel Lloyd's Cambria 94 To procure him the Kings Fauour. 1601 Shaks. Twel. N. 1. iv. 7 Is he inconstant sir, in his fauours. 1611 Bible Esther v. 8, I haue found fauour in the sight of the king. 1641 Dk. Hamilton in //. Papers (Camden) 106 Your Ma l * .. of whose .. favour I have had so manie.. testimonyes. 1700 Dryden Theodore 4- Honoria 19 He. .found no favour in his lady’s eyes. 1781 Gibbon Decl. 4- F. III. 247 Such assiduous zeal secured the favour of the saint.. 1807 Crabbe Hall of Just. 74 His favour was my bliss and pride. 1823 Scott Quentin D. x, His young Life-guardsman, for whom he seemed to have taken a special favour. 1838 Tiurlwall Greece V. 309 The oration .. opens with a congratulation on the favour of heaven. 1866 G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Ncighb. xiii. (1878) 271 To create a favour toward each other. b. Approving disposition towards a thing; in¬ clination to commend, sanction, or adopt. 1827 Pollok Course T. ix. 521 The first and highest place In Fancy's favour. 1862 H. Marryat Year in Sweden II. 247 St. Brita’s onion found, .great favour in their sight. 1884 tr. Lotzc's Aletaph. 154 Those who looked with favour on his enterprise. c. Objectively. {To he , stand high , etc.) in a person''s favour : in his good graces. Also ///, out offavour , to bring into favour , etc. 1514 Barclay Cyt. 4- Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) p. xliii, Thou mayst suspect and trowe Him more in favour and in conceipt then thou. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (\V. de W. 1531) 7 b, Familiar & great in fauour with prynces. 1548 [see Fai.l v. 38]. 1568 Grafton Citron. II. 293 The king of Navarre.. was out of the french kings favour. 1580 Baret A Iv. F 251 To bring one in fauour with a man, insinuare aliquem alteri. 1676 Lady Cilwvorth in Ilist. MSS. Comm. 12th Rep., App. v. 23 She is still Highly in favour. 1688 Miege Fr. Diet. s.v. Bring , I’ll bring you again into his favour. 1701 De Foe True-born Eng. 1 Fools out of Favour grudge at Knaves in Place. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 447 Rochester, .stood high in the favour of the King, i860 Adler FaurieCs Prov. Poetry ii. 21 The various kinds of Provencal poetry were not in equal favour among the Cas¬ tilians. * 1876 J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. I. 1. iv. 216 As slaves, or as captives, .they were taken into favour by the dominant nation. -|- d. The object of favour ; a favourite. Obs. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 413 Elfleda favour of citezeynes [L .favor civium) and drede of enemyes. 1667 Milton P. L. iii. 664 Man, His chief delight and favour. f e. The action of favouring; patronage of an object. Obs. rare- 1 . 1692 Temple Ess. Anc. 4- Mod. Learn, in A fisc. 11. (ed. 3) 65 The favour of learning was the humour, .of the age. 2 . Exceptional kindness; gracious or friendly action due to special goodwill, and in excess of what may be ordinarily looked for. f Tor favour : out of goodwill, freely. The envelope of a letter sent by hand occasionally bears the words ‘ By favour of Mr.-’ (the friend who conveys the letter). 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. A. 967 Of b e lombe I haue b e aquylde For a sy3t ber of bur} gret fauor. c 1460 Fortescue Abs. 4* Lim. Mon. vi, For the ffauour b at we do to the persones j?at kepe ham, wich ffanoure b e Scottis do not. 1509 Fisher Fun. Serin. C'tess Richmond Wks. (1876) 299 The good deserueth .. to haue fauoure shewed vnto them. 1580 Baret A Iv. F 251 For fauour, gratiose. 1769 Phil. Trans. LIX. 199 note, A crocodile, which I lately saw by the favour of Mr. John Hunter. 1818 Scott Hrt. Midi. xxxviii, I have a friend, .who will, .do me so much favour. b. An instance of this; something conceded, conferred, or done out of special grace or good¬ will ; an act of exceptional kindness, as opposed to one of duty or justice. 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. 1. i 23 Doe me the fauour to dilate at full,What haue befalne of them. 1608 11 Br. Hall Aledit. 4 * Vo'ius 11. § 23 So shal I. .accept of small favours with great thankfulnes. 1667 Anne Wyndiiam King's Concealm. (1681) 56 A Gentleman, .desired the favour of him, that he would please to step forth. 1714 Fortescue-Aland Pref For - lescue's Abs. 4- Lim. Afon. 39 He had extraordinary Favours shewn him from his Prince. 1780 Cowper Table-t. 268 Religion, richest favour of the skies. 1814 D. H. O’Brien Captiv. 4* Escape 13 We were allowed to mix with the officers .. as a great favour. 1864 Tennysqn En. Ard. 284, I came to ask a favour of you. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 509, I wish that you would do me the favour of con¬ sidering temperance first. c. A complimentary term for : Communication, letter. (Now, at least in England, almost confined to commercial correspondence.) Also explicitly in f the favour of your letter. c 1645 Howell Lett. 1. iv. viii, Since I was beholden to you for your many Favours in Oxford I have not heard from you. 1679 Pepys Let. to Dk. York 9 June, The .. excuse of my no earlier owning the favour of your Royal High¬ ness’s, by Captain Sanders. 1706 Walsh in Pope's Lett. U735) I. 56 At my return.. I receiv’d the favour of your Letter. 1738 Franklin Let. 13 Apr. Wks. 1887 I. 476, I have your favors of the 21st of March. 1751 T. Sharp in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 374 Last post brought me the favour of yours of the 2 d instk 1786 T. Jefferson lYrit. (1859) IB 3 Your favor of June the 14th is come to hand. 1816 Scott Let . to Terry 12 Nov. in Lockhart, I have been shockingly negligent in acknowledging your repeated favours. 1865 Marsh in Longfello'ivs Life (1891) III. 56, I received your favor of April 8. d. Euphemistically. Formerly also The last favour ( = Fr. les derniires favours). 1676 Wycherley/ 5 /. Dealer v. iii, She..granted you the last favour, (as they call it). 1695 Congreve: Love for L. in. xiv, You think it more dangerous to be seen in Con¬ versation with me, than to allow some other Men the last favour. 1824 Medwin Convers. Byron (1832) I. 87 One who had bestowed her favours on many. 3 . Kind indulgence. a. Leave, permission, pardon. Chiefly in phrases, By, 7 vith (your, etc.) favour; by the favour of. Also, Under favour : with all submission, subject to correction. Obs. or arch. 1580 Baret Alv. F 255 Sailing your displeasure, .or, with your fauour. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. hi. i. 68 By thy fauour.. I must sigh in thy face. 1590 Swinburne Testaments 287 If the wife..depart from her husband, without his good fauour. 1611 B. Jonson Catalinc I. i, With fauour, ’twere no losse, if’t might be enquir’d What the Condition of these Armes would be. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIIf , 1. i. 168 Pray giue me fauour Sir. 1622 Call is St at. Seiners (1647) 21 Under the favor of these books. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. 1. i. § 20 (ed. 3) 21 By the favour of so learned a man, it seems probable. 1699 Bentley Phal. 135 Under favour, I say it’s an Anapeest. 1700 Dryden Cock 4 * Fo.v, With your Favour, 1 will treat it here. 1750 G. Jeffreys in Buncombe's Letters (1773) II. 253 Under favour, poetical justice is so far from being * a chimera that [etc.]. 1823 Scott Quentin D. xv, Under favour, my Lord, .the youth must find another guide. j- b. ‘ Lenity, mildness, mitigation of punish¬ ment ’ (J.) ; an instance of this, a lenient act. Obs. c 1460 Foktescu eAI’s. 4- Lim. Afon. v,To shewrigourc )>er a s fauour awght to be shewid. c 1475 Rauf ’Coilyar 902 Now faindis to haue fauour with thy fleichingis. 1535 Coverdale Josh. xi. 20 And no fauoure to be shewed vnto them. 1596 Aferch. V. iv. i. 386 Prouided. .that for this fauour He presently become a Christian. 1659 B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 136 Prisoners .. put to ransom, by a singular favour of the Prince of Orange. 1726 Swift Gulliver vii, I could not discover the Lenity and Favour of this Sentence. 1780 Burke Sp. at Bristol Wks. 1842 I. 267 Who .. would construe, .doubtful appearances with the utmost favour. f c. An indulgence, privilege. Obs. 1634 Documents agsi. Prynne (Camden) 26 Hee should not have the favour to aunswere it in this Courte. 1639 tr. Du Bosq's Compi. Woman A ij b, A favour reserved to few, to become witnesses of a vertue so extraordinary. 1646 Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camden) 67 She is proffered the favour, .of continuinge a tennant. 1659 Pearson Creed ( 1 339^ 310 Those, .had not the favour of a sepulchre. 1737 Whiston Josephus' Hist. iv. v. § 3 At length, .they had the favour to be slain. 4 . Partiality towards a litigant, competitor, etc.; personal sympathies as interfering with justice. Challenge to the favour (Law): see Challenge sb. 3. x 393 Gower Conf III. 179 The Sampnites to him brought A somme of gold and Him besought To don hem favour in the lawe. 1413 Lydg. Pilgr. Stnvle 1. xxxii. (1859) 36 Withoute fauour iuge the trouthe. 1482 Eng. Gilds (1870) 318 Awe noe fawer more to one than to a nother. 1632 Massinger Afaid of Hon. v. ii, Not swayed or by favour or affection, a 1677 Barrow Serin. Wks. 1716 II. 83 Favour .. to their own habitual depravations of nature. 1839 in Bouvier Law Diet. 447 Nor shall you [the Grand Jury] leave any one unpresented for fear, favour, affection. 5 . Aid, support, furtherance, whether proceeding from persons or things. Obs. exc. in phrases (now somewhat rare) by, under {the) favour of c 1400 Destr. Troy 1746 We haue.. ffele fryndes and fauer out of fer londys. 1434 Misyn Mending of Life 128 Our gostely ee .. (rat light in it-self as it is .. may not se, & 3itt it felys it fat it is here, qwhils it haldis with it favyr & heet of fiatt light vnknawen. 1523 Fitzherb. Ifusb. § 66 At winter lie [the calfe]wyll be bygge ynoughe to saue hym selfe amonge other beastes, with a lyltell fauoure. 1580 Baret Alv. F 249 He hopeth that by the fauour of some man, he may be holpen in this crime. 1633 T. Stafford Pac. Hib. ix. (1821) 116 The Armie .. in attempting the Castle, without the favour of the Cannon, must have endured great losse. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. 10 By the favor of daylight we perceived a great many sails. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 11. 46 Under favour of this Supposition, the Privateers marched through the Streets. 1726 Shelvocke Voy. round World (1757) 319 By the favour of thick weather, and a hard gale of wind, they got clear, c 1850 A rah. Nts. (Rtldg.) 626 By favour of six good rowers, .we arrived at my country house. 1854 J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855' II. xxix. 537 He begged permission, under favor of the night, to surprise the Bellerophon. 6. Iii favour of ( = Fr. en favour de). Used as a prep, in various senses, a. In defence or sup¬ port of; on behalf of; on the side of. To be in favour of: to be on the side of, to be disposed to support or advocate. 1556 Aurelio 4- Isab. (1608) I, Hoo well have you spoken in the favoure of tlie wemen. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto’s Trav. xlviii. 185 They, .resolved to write a letter in favour of us to the old Queen. 1782 Priestley Corrupt. Chr. I. 1. 97 Thirty six of the bishops present were in favour of it. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 155 He attempted to interest in his favour those Roman Catholics. b. To the advantage of. (Rarely, +/« favour to.) Also Comm, with reference to a bill, etc.: So as to be payable to. 1556 A urelio 4- Isab. (1608) G vij, Them that in their owne favour hathe approuved and made the lawes. 16401 Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Alin. Bk. (1855' 86 Ane act, allegit purchasit in his favores be Mr. John Diksone. 1654 tr. Scudcrf s Curia Pol. 13 When such an accident hap- peneth, it is usually in favour to those extraordinary persons in whom [etc.]. 1776 Trial of Nundocomar 23/2 Bollakey Doss drew a draught on Benares in favor of Lord Clive. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 58 Trusts, in favour of his wife and children. 1852 Sir H. Douglas Alilit. Bridges (ed. 3) 377 There remains a balance of strength in favour of the bridge. f c. In consideration of, for the sake of. Obs. 1605 Camden Rem. (1637) 46 One Regilianus .. got the Empire there, onely in favour of his name, d. Out of a preference for. 1893 Law Times XCV. 109/2 Builders, .have refused land in Middlesex in favour of land in a non-register county. 7 . {concr. of 1.) Something given as a mark of favour; esp. a gift such as a knot of ribbons, a glove, etc., given to a lover, or in medieval chivalry by a lady to her knight, to be worn con¬ spicuously as a token of affection. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L, v. ii. 130 Hold, Rosaline, this favour thou shalt wear. 1592 Greene Groat' sw. Wit (1617) 14 She. .returned him a silke Riband for a fauour, tyed with a Truelouers knot. 1594 Marlowe & Nashe Dido iii. Wks. (Rtldg.) 261/2 Favours of more sovereign worth Than Thetis hangs about Apollos neck. 1712 Spec¬ tator No. 436 IT 6 That custom of wearing a mistress’s favour on such occasions [fencing contests] of old. 1842 Browning My last Duchess , My favour at her breast. 1864 Kirk Chas. Bold I. 11. iii. 508 A time when lie should .. wear her favors in the tilting-field. b. A ribbon, cockade, or the like, worn at a ceremony, e.g. a bride's, coronation , wedding favour, in evidence of goodwill; also, a similar decoration worn as a party-badge. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V', iv. vii. 160 Here Fluellen, weare thou this fauour for me, and slicke it in thy Cappe. 1667 Pepys Diary 20 Feb., Observing Sir W. Ten’s carrying a favour to Sir W. Coventry, for His daughter's wedding. a 1693 Ukquhakt Rabelais iii. xxx, I will send you..the Bride’s Favour. 1702 Luttrell Brief Rcl. (1857) V. 166 'The motto of the coronation favours was, God has sent our hearts content. 1741 H. Walpole Corr. (ed. 3) I. ix. 27 'I he city shops are full of favours. 1771 Smollett Ilnntph. Cl. (1815) 254 A bride's favour .. lie now wore in his cap. 1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy I. 34 Choice of jackets, hats, and favors. 1859 Jephson Brittany xi. 183 He wears in his button-hole a favour of blue, green, and white ribbons. 8 . That which conciliates affection or goodwill ; altiactiveness, comeliness, beauty; an attraction, charm. Obs. exc. arch. <1300 K. Alis. 2844 An barpour. .made a lay of gret favour. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. A. 428 Bot I10 hir passed in sum favour, c 1430 Hymns Virg. ( 1867)126 A woman With fauour in here face far passynge my reson. 1513 Douglas YEncis xn. vii. 25 Wyth quhais IJapis’J favour vmquhile strangly caucht, This God Appollo glaidly has hym taucht. c 1585 Faire Em I. 228 Not very fair, but richly deck’d with favour ; A sweet face, a 1592 Greene & Lodge Looking Glasse (1861) 124 Now ope, ye folds, where queen of favour sits. 1611 Bible Ecclus. xl. 22 Thine eye desireth fauour and beau tie. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. 4- Commw. 91 The general contentment, which our English women afford, without sophisticate and adulterate favours. 1847 Helps Friends in C. (1S54) !• 1x6 It takes away much of the favour of life. 9 . Appearance, aspect, look. Now arch, or dial. c 1450 Henryson Alor. Fab. 34 The fauour of thy face, .is foule and disfigurate. a 1529 Skelton Poems agst. Gar- ncschc 9 The favyr of your face Is voyd of all grace. 1551 Robinson tr. Alore's Utop. 1. (Arb.) 29 A man .. whome, by his fauoure and npparell .. I judged to bee a mariner. 1595 Shaks. John v. iv. 50, I do loue the fauour..Of this most faire occasion. 1650 Fuller Pisgah 1. viii. 23 Palestine., tiicked and trimmed with many new Cities, had the favour thereof quite altered. 1657 W. Rand tr. Gassendi's Life of Peiresk I. A 8 a, It was your pleasure also to learn the favour of his Countenance from his Picture. 1863 Mrs. C. Clarke Shaks. Char. viii. 197 He is the ‘counterfeit presentment ’ of his sister in external favour. b. The countenance, face. arch. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. ccxlvii. [eexliii.] 759 He was lyke kynge Richarde in fauoure. 1581 C. T. in Farr. S. P. Eliz. (1845) II. 396 My fauour is liarde, My body croukte. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 861 Courrours were sent out. .with certain notes also of the favour of the man. 1676 Loud. Gaz. No. 1126/4 He is of low stature, and thin favur. 1691 RayCViviZ/Vw 11. (1704)439 By their virtuous behaviour compensate the hardness of their Favour. 1822 B. Corn¬ wall Poems, Love cured by kindness , I .. know Whence comes this noble favour. 1875 Tennyson Q. Alary v. ii, What makes thy favour like the bloodless head Fall’ll on the block? t c. A feature. Obs. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, in. ii. 136, I will.. staine my fauours in a bloody Maske. 1598 Drayton Heroic. Ep. iii. 23 In thy Face, one Favour from the rest I singled forth. 1655 Digges Compi. Ambass. 343 The Gentleman .. is void of any good favour, besides the blemish of the small pocks. d. Family likeness. Cf. Favour v. 8. dial. Alod. dial. (Staffordshire), I knew her by favour, as soon as I saw her. 10 . Comb, f favour-currier = Currv-favour ; favour-currying///, a. : see Curry v. ; f favour- ribbon, a ribbon worn as a love-token. FAVOUR. 109 FAVOURABLY. 1831 T. L. Peacock in Examiner 14 Aug., Long floods of I favour-curryin§ gabble. 1855 Kingsley JVesfab. Hoi (1889) 13/2 They tram the lads up eaves-droppers and favour- curriers. 1762-71 H. Walpole Vertue’s A need. Paint. (1786) II. 291 Drinking, and dipping their favour-ribbands in the wine. Favour, favor (fcl’vai), v. Forms : 4 favore, favure, 4-6 faver, 4-7 favoure, (5 favoryn, favir, Sc. fawowr\ 9 dial, favver, 5- favour, favor, [a. OF. favorer } med.L .favordre, f. favor - cm : see Favour j/>.] 1 . Irons. To regard with favour, look kindly upon ; to he inclined to, have a liking or preference for; to approve. 1340 70 A lex. 4* Dind. 740 Whi fauure 3e..falce godus? c 1400 Destr. Troy 13950 When Vlixes. .persayuit, pat he to Circes was son.. He fauort hym more faithly. 1535 Coverdale 2 Mace. xiv. 24 He loued Iudas euer with his hert, and fauoured him. 1580 Baret Alv. F 251 Not fauouring learning, not minding, auersus a Musis. 1626 Bacon Sylva v. § 495 Men fauour Wonders. 1662 Stil- lingfl. Orig. Sacr. 11. iv. § 4 Josephus seems to favour the division of the City into three parts. 1780 Harris Philol. Enq. Wks. (1841) 485 The doctrines they most favoured. 1793 Burke Conduct of Minority Wks. 1842 I. 620 That party which Mr. Fox inclined most to favour. 1841 Lane Arab. Nts. 1 . 113 God favour and preserve him. 1873 Burton Hist. Scot. V. lx. 285 It was one of the difficulties in the case to find what religion he favoured. 2 . To show favour to; to treat kindly; to countenance, encourage, patronize; f to indulge (oneself, a feeling). 136. I jANGL. P. PI. A. iii. 81 Rynges with Rubyes h e Regratour to fauere. c 1380 Wyclif Sci. Wks. III. 489 Faveriden hem in J> ese open errouris. c 1475 Rauf Coilyar 903 Now haue I ferlie, gif I fauour the ocht. a 1533 Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. A nr el. (1546) Kj b, Yf she be good, he ought to fauer her, that she may be the better. 1549 Coverdale Erasm. Par. Rom. vii. 7 This wyse therfore fauoryng my selfe, I was in manner ignoraunt. 1553 T. Wilson R/iet. (1580) 78 Man onely. .ceaselh not to favour his sorowe. 1568 Grafton Citron. II. 22 William . .favoured them by giftes and easy lawes. 1611 Bible Ps. cii. 13The time to fauour her. .is come. 1655 Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camdenl 11. 193, 1 beseech you. .fauor me soe much as to hint unto his Maty my misfortune. 1736 Butler Anal. it. vi, If there be a strong bias within, .to favour the deceit. 1806 Med. Jrnl. XV. 112 If he will ‘favor me by perusing my last communication. 1857 Whewell Ilist. Induct. Sc. I. 210 The former [John the Grammarian] was favoured by Amrou, the conqueror of Egypt. 1870 Max Muller Sc. Relig. (1873) 38 No religion .. would have favoured the idea. t b. To indulge with permission (to do some- thing). Obs. c 1400 Destr. Troy 5101 A foie to he fauoret folili to speke. 1605 Play Stuclcy in Simpson Sc/i. Shales. (1878) I. 160 What her bashfulness Conceals from you, favour me to disclose. c. To indulge or oblige (a person) with some¬ thing. I am favoured with : often used as a courteous form of acknowledgement. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. 1. i. 4 Fortune. .fauored[e] me wi[> ly}te goodes. 1655-60 Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) 14/2 The manner of his death gave Laertius occasion to favour him with this Epigram. 1717 Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 308, 1 am favoured with yours of the 10th August. *793 T. Twining in Country Clergym. 18 th C. (1882) 185 A lady, .was asked to ‘ favour us with a song ’. 1829 Lytton Devereux 11. v, Fielding twice favoured me with visits. 1832 Ht. Martineau Life in Wi/dsiv. 48 Agriculture has ..been favoured with many privileges. 1842 A. Combe Physiol. Digestion (ed. 4) p. xxiv, Having .. been early favoured with a copy of the original work. t 3 . intr. To show favour to, unto. Obs. 1393 Gower Conf II. 77 She to nouther part favoureth. 1548 H all Citron. 98 b, All those that have, .favoured unto his said uncle of Winchester. 4 . irons. To treat with partiality. Also, to side with, take the part of. c 1350 Will. Palerne 1171 He^h king of heuene for pi holy name, ne fauore nou^t so my [fo]. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. xxviii, He fawowryd pe Part, pat langyd Schyr Alysawndyr Mowbray, a 1533 Ed. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) B iij b, I shall haue many wylle fauoure me in the same. 1580 Baret Alv. F 251 He fauoured Cate- line. 1635 N. R. Camden"s Hist. Elis. Introd., Margaret of Alencon. .favoured the Protestan’s Religion, a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) I. 23 Uncertain which o’ th’ two to favour. 1734 tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. (1827) I. 170 Antigonus suspecting .. that he favoured Cassander. Mod. The examiner was accused of having favoured his own pupils. b. Comm. In market reports of a commodity: To be at prices favourable to (buyers, sellers). 1890 Daily News 8 Jan. 2/6 Oats favour buyers. 5 . To aid, support; to show oneself propitious to. 1595 T. Maynarde Drake's Voy. (Hakluyt Soc.) 23 God favoringe me, they [the Spanish ships] would have bin mine. 1601 M arston Pasqnil <$■ Rath. 1. 258 Fortune fauours fooles. 1783 Watson Philip III, 11. (1839) 65 They were secretly favoured by Henry IV. 1793 Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 143 I f Providence should.. favour the allied arms. 1885 Matt eh. Exam. 21 May 6/t The willingness of the House, .to favour its progress. aosol. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 213 Wei the more god favoureth, Whan he the comun right socoureth. 1435 Misyn Eire of Lave n. ii, Criste favirand. 1563 B. Googe Eglogs (Arb.) 99 Fortune fauoures not and al thynges backward go. 1697 Dryden Eneid 1. 522 A Name, While Fortune favour’d, not unknown to Fame. 1878 Browning La Saisiaz 27 Had but fortune favored. b. Of a circumstance, fact, etc.: To lend con¬ firmation or support to (a belief, doctrine, rarely , a person); to point in the direction of. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 210 The sentence also of the prophete Osee fauoureth moche (as me semeth) that it sholde be so. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. 1. iv. § 9 This rela¬ tion is favoured by the name of Litchfield. 1659 Hammond On Ps. xxvii. 12 The sense favours them there. 1710 Steele Tatler No. 209 r 1 Every Circumstance . .favoured this Suspicion. 1772 Junius Lett. Ixviii. 337 His opinion .. appears to favour you. 1808 Med. Jrnl. XIX. 105 Seems to favour the opinion of Mr. Pott. 1884 Ld. Sel- DORNE in Law Times" Rep. 19 Apr. 229/2 Those cases which favour the doctrine. 1887 C. C. Abbott Waste-Land Wand. ii. 22 Every indication favored rain. 0 . Of circumstances, weather, etc. : To prove advantageous to (a person); to be the means of promoting (an operation or process) ; to facilitate. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 12 That night not favouring us, we cast anchor. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 11. 29 The Wind favours them. 1709 Addison 'Patter No. 97 r 2 The Silence and Solitude of the Place very much favoured his Medita¬ tions. 1710 — Whig Exam. No. 4 No one Place about it weaker than another, to favour an Enemy in his Approaches. 1786 W. Thomson Philip III , v. 11793^ II. 115 The darkness of the night favoured the enterprise. 1833 Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 210 The argillaceous stratum . .by its yielding nature, favoured the waste and undermining of the.. limestone. 1862 Ansted & Latham Channel I si. 111. xvi. (ed. 2) 379 They had been favoured by the wind. 1875 Bryce Holy Rom. Enip. i. (ed. 5) 10 The unity of the Empire. .had favoured the spread of Christianity. absol. a 1440 Found. St. Barthol. 44 Marchauntys of fTlaundrys. .faueryng the see, purposid to Lundone. 7 . To deal gently with; to avoid overtasking (a limb) ; to ease, save, spare. Now colloq. (esp. in stable parlance) and dial. 1526 Pilgr. Perf (W. de W. 1531) 263 Fauour thy body. 1589 R. Harvey PI. Perc. (1590) 16 A Preacher, .must haue his reader at his elbow, to fauor his voice. 1617 Markham Caval. 11. 42 When a horse doth stand but fume vpon.. three feete.. fauoring the other. 1667 Pepys Diary (1877) V. 361 Walking in the dark, in the garden, to favour my eyes. 1711 Budgell Sped. No. 150 r 12 A thread-bare loose Coat, .which .. he wore to keep himself warm, and not to favour his under Suit, a 1745 Swift (Wore.), He [a painterj has favoured her squint admirably. 1792 Osbaldi- stone Brit. Sportsman 228/2 He will set his foot on the ground warily, and endeavour to favor it. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop i, This habit, .favours my infirmity. 1837 C. M. Goodridge Voy. S. Setts (1843)55 'Phis [oil-can] .. favoured our other cooking apparatus. 1884 Upton Gloss., ‘ He seems to favour the off foreleg.' 8 . To resemble in lace or features; rarely, to resemble generally, have the look of. No vt colloq. 1609 B. Jonson Case is Altered 111. iii, This young lord Chamont Favours my mother. 1690 W. Walker Idiom at. Anglo-Lat. 176 fie favours you in the face. 1712 Steele Spectator No. 398 P 1 The Gentleman favoured his Master. 1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) I. 431 ‘The manager, in countenance, favoured his friend ’. It should have been, ‘ resembled his friend'. 1866 S. Laycock in Harland Lane. Lyrics 191 Tha favvers thi dad ! 1867 Waugh Dulesgate 19 ‘Conto make 'em eawt? 1 ‘ Nawe .. but they favour’ll Todmorden chaps’. Favourable, favorable (f^-vorab’l), a. [ad. F. favorable, ad. L. favordbilis, f. favor : see Favoijk and -able.] + 1 . Winning favour ; hence, pleasing, agreeable, beautiful, comely. Obs. In some examples the word may owe its shade of mean¬ ing to Favour sb. 8 ‘beauty’, or 9 ‘appearance, counten¬ ance ’; cf. personable. 1398 Trevisa Barth De P. R. xix. Iv. (1495) 896 Hotiy is full fauourable and lykynge to the taste and to ete. c 1430 Lydg. Chorle <$- Byi'dc (Roxb.) 12 Hit maketh men., fauorable in euery mannes sight, a 1529 Skelton Anc. Acquaintance 8 Of all your feturs fauorable to make tru discripcion. 1590 Spenser Muiopotmos 20 Of all the race .. Was none more favourable, nor more fair, Than Clarion. + b. Admissible, allowable. Obs. 1666 Boyle Orig. Formes < 5 * Qual. (1667) 31 Bodies may be said, in a very favourable sense, to have those Qualities we call Sensible. 2 . That regards with favour (a person, project, opinion, etc.) ; inclined to countenance or help; well-disposed, propitious. Const, to , unto, f of. 1340 Hamtole Pr. Consc. 1344 Til be world es favor- abel. C1374 Chaucer And. if Arc. 15 Be favorable eek, thou Polymia. 1441 Plutnpton Corr. p. lix, Such as were favorable of their said malicious purpose. 1494 Fabyan Citron, i. xvii, Y 0 goddes were to hym so fauourable, that he slewe moche of the people of his brother and compellyd hym to fle. 1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer Offices 34 b, Bee fauourable to thy people. 1596 Shaks. Tam. Shr. iv. v. 40 Happier the man whom fauorable stars A lots thee for his lonely bedfellow. 1651 Hobbes Lcviath. lit. xxxiii. 204 They would surely have made them more favorable to their power. 1667 Milton P. L. v. 507 O favourable spirit.. Well hast thou taught the way that might direct Our know¬ ledge. 1749 Berkeley Word to Wise Wks. III. 451 It is to be hoped this Address may find a favourable reception. 1827 O. W. Roberts Centr. Amer. 37 The Indians..are particularly favourable to the English. 1871 Freeman Norm. Contj. (1876) IV. xviii. 123 King Swegen was lending a favourable ear to their prayers. fb. Gracious (said of a superior); kindly, obliging. Obs. exc. arch. 1502 Arnolde Citron. 159 Unto the most holyest and fauorablist Prince in erthe. 1530 Hen. VIII in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 106. II. 17 To have the favorable and lovyng assist¬ ance ofthe noble men. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, iv.v. 2 Vnlesse some’ dull and fauourable hand Will whisper Musicke to my wearie Spirit. 1642 I. Basire in Evelyn s Mem. (1857) HI. 3 To give you thanks for your favourable communication. a 1822 Shelley Homers Hymn to Moon 25 Hail Queen, great Moon. .Fair-haired and favourable [Gr. npotppor.] + c. Of a reader or hearer : Disposed lo interpret generously. Obs. i6ii Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xii. (1^32) 696 Polydor Virgil must haue a warie and fauourable Reader. 1655-60 Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) 65/2 Herein Damachus had need of favourable hearers. t 3 . Showing undue favour, partial. Const, to. <1384 Chaucer II. Fame in. 389 One said that Omer made lies. .And was to the Grcekes favourable. 1393 Gowf.r Conf III. 225 Thus was the steward favourable, That he the trouthe plein ne tolde. c 1460 Fortescue Abs. $ Lint. Mon. xv, And to make hem also flauorable and parcial. 4 . Of an opinion, report, etc. : That is in favour of, approving, commendatory. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. in. iv. § 23 The favonrablest ex- pression of him falls from the pen of Roger Hoveden. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 268 p 8 If you would be so far my Friend as to make a favourable Mention of me in one of your Papers. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World ( 1840)253 Giving a favourable account of the place. 1781 Cowper Conversation 764 That great defect would cost him .. Men’s favourable judgment, 1833 Lamb Elia (i860) 247 To insti¬ tute, .favourable comparisons. 1879 Cassell's Tcchn. Educ. I. 335 Most favourable reports of the arm. f b. Tending to palliate or extenuate. Obs. 1697 Dryden Juvenal viii. 350 Since none can have the favourable Thought That to Obey a Tyrant’s Will they Fought. 1772 Junius Lett. Ixviii. 336 Favourable circum¬ stances, alleged before the judge, may justify a doubt whether the prisoner be guilty or not. 5 . Of an answer, etc. : That concedes what is desired. Of appearances: Boding well, hopeful, promising. 1734 M. Philips in Swift's Lett. (1768) IV. 73 [His answer] was as favourable as I could well wish for. 1781 Gibbon Dccl. $ E. III. 61 The eunuch .. soon returned with a favourable oracle. 1828 Scott L\ M. Perth xxi, I trust they have assumed a favourable aspect. 1875 W. S. Hayward Love agst: World 77 How eagerly I hope for a favourable answer. 6 . Attended with advantage or convenience; facilitating one’s purpose or wishes ; advantageous, helpful, suitable. Said esp. of the weather, etc. c 1460 Fortescue Abs. <$• Lint. Mon. xii, Thai haue not so much flredome in thairowne godis, nor be entreted by so flfauerable lawes as we be. 1548 Hall Citron. 175 b, The Wynd [was] so favorable to the Erles purpose. 1555 Edf.n Decades 245 The fauourable influence of the heauen and the pianettes. 1659 B. Harris ParivaVs Iron Age 38 This was the first battle of this age, which proved favourable to the Hollanders. 1659 London Chanticleers xii. in Hazl. Dodsley XII. 350 Or a favourable spider drop into the cream, and drown himself, that he may poison them, a 1674 Clarendon Hist. Reb. (1703) II. viii. 364 A place very favourable for the making Levies of Men. 1745 Butler Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 282 Incapacity and ignorance must be favourable to error and vice. 1774 Pennant Tour Scot, in 1772, 325 Sail with a favourable breeze. 1850 M'Cosh Div. Govt. 11. iii. (1874) 230 'I’he cultivation of virtuous affections is favourable to the health. 1866 Crump Banking vii. 153 The term ‘ favourable '. .state ofthe exchanges. 1877 Lady Brassey Voy. Sunbeam ix. (1878) 146 Make the passage under favourable circumstances. Favourableness (p-vorab’lnes). [f. prec. + -NESS.] The quality or state of being favour¬ able. f a. Kindliness, leniency (obs.). b. Suit¬ ability. C. Eulogistic or approving character. a. 1545 Udall Erasm. Par. Luke xxi, He .. exhorted theim to a* more larger fauourablenesse. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. xlvii. 5 The universal! favorablenesse wher- with he embraceth all inankynd. 1625-8 Camden's Hist. Eliz. 111. (i688) 441 Her favourableness in taking Contribu¬ tions. 1656 Artif. Handsom. 199 To the favorablenesse of your LaP* future censure, .be pleased to add the favour of-your pardon. 1727 31 in Bailey vol. II. b. 1775 Adair Amer. Ind. 457 The favourableness of the soil. 1790 Price in Burke JFr. Rev. 79, I mean the consideration of the favourableness of the present times to all exertions in the cause of liberty. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 251 The speedy capture of a whale depends on. .the favourableness of situation and weather. C- 1832 Ht. Martineau Homes Abroad iv. 51 The favourableness of their report. Favourably, favorably (te'-vorabli), adv. [f. as prec. + -LY ^.] In a favourable manner. 1 . With favour or kindness; graciously, indul¬ gently. 1388 Wyclif Prol. xi, We moun fauorably excuse hire f Judith] fro deedly synne in this doinge. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. viii. 25 He..tretyd k e Scottis favorably. 1494 Fabyan Citron, vii. 314 He had fauourably harde his proctours. 1509 Fisher Fun. Serm. C'tcss Richmond Wks. (1876) 298 Why lokest thou fauourably vpon them that despyse the? 1611 Bible Wisd. vi. 16 She..sheweth herselfe fauourably vnto them in the wayes. 1665 Boyle Occas. Refl. Introd. Pref. (1845) 25 The Thoughts, which have been the favourabliest entertain’d by the Readers of my other Books. 1729 Butler Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 130 Men ..judge too favourably.. where themselves and their own interest are concerned. 1781 Gibbon Dccl.fy F. III. 98 Hippo had been less favourably treated than the other cities of the province. 1883 A. Roberts O. T. Revision ii. 29 It has a claim to be fairly and even favourably considered. + b. With undue favour or partiality. Obs. 1430-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) T. 339 Som men feyneband fauor- abliche seij> J’.it Seynt Patryk clensed fat lond of.. ven- emous bestes. 1609 Skene Reg. Map., Stnt. Robert III 52 Inquisitions taken favorablie, and be ignorant persons. 2 . In favourable terms, or with a favourable result; to the credit or advantage of a person or thing. 165s Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camden) II. 239, I doe not wonder they write favourably of their Protectors FAVOURED. 110 FAWCHING. affaires. 1783 Hailes Antiq. Chr. Ch. iv. 116 Epictetus had. .spoken favourably of the Christians. 1872 Raymond Statist. Mines e tailles. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xviii. iv. (1495) 751 Alambe.. fawnyth wyth hys taylle whan he hath founde his moder. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 152/1 Fawnyn as howndys, applando. 1593 Shaks. Liter. 421 As the grim lion fawneth o’er his prey. 1611 Dekker Roaring Girle Wks. 1873 III. 215 He can both fawne like a Spaniel), and bite like a Mastiue. 1667 Milton P. L. ix. 526 Oft he bowd His turret Crest.. Fawning. 1675 Hobbes Odyssey (1677) 209 The old dog Argus ..fauned with his tail, but could not rise. 1791 Cowper Odyssey xvi. 11 Thy dogs bark not, hut fawn on his approach. 1865 Swinburne Poems 4- Ball., Satia te Sanguine 54 A tame beast, .fawns to be fed. b. 7 o fawn on, upon : (of a dog, etc.) to show delight at the presence of; to lavish caresses on, to caress. 1477 Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictcs 41, I barke upon the fooles and fawne upon the wysemen. 1553 T. Wilson RhetA 1580) 196 The Lion, .fauned gently upon hym. a 1605 Montgomerie Descr. Vane Lovers 42 A Dog. .will.. fan on him vha givis him fude. 1632 J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 193, I wondered to see her [a Deere] so gently fawne upon me without any feare. 1776 Adam Smith W. N. 1. ii, A puppy fawns upon its dam. 1841 Lane Arab. Nts. I. 49 The calf, .came to me, and fawned upon me. 1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. iii. (1889) 28 Jack [the dog].. was fawning on him as if he understood every word. fig. 1573 Tusser Hush. cxiv. (1878) 216 Though Fortune smiles, and fawnes vpon thy side. 1600 Holland Livy iv. xlii. (1609) 166 It was no long time that fortune fawned upon the zEquians. 1796 Burke Let. noble Ld. Wks. 1842 II. 271 In the same moment fawning on those who have the knife half out of the sheath. f c. quasi -trans. To wag (the tail). Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 12354 (Cott.) pas oJ>er leons .. honurd him faunand]>air tail. f 2 . trans. = To fawn on (sense 1 b) : To caress; to pat (the head of a dog). Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 12333 heading (Gott.\ pe leonis fauned iesus. c 1340 Caw. 4- Gr. Knt. 1919 Hor houndez fay [>er rewarde, Her hedez ]>ay fawne & frote. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Eufemia 183, & faynand hir fare tabs knet. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 294/4 They ranne to this hooly vyrgyne in fawnynge her. 3 . intr. To affect a servile fondness ; to court favour or notice by an abject demeanour. Const. on, upon (a person, his looks, etc.). a 1310 [see Fawning vbl. sb. 2.] c 1440 Lydg. Secrecs Prol. 675 Smothe afore folk to fawnyn and to shyne. c 1510 More Picus Wks. 16/1 If the worlde fawne vpon the. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 171 Such as fawne on them with llatterie. 1577 tr. Bullingers Deccuies (1592) 225 By fawning on his angrie lookes she turnes them into smiles. 1612 T. Taylor Comm. Titus iii. 3 Nor further fawned [they] vpon God then to get out of his hands. 1692 E. Walker Epictetus' Mor. xxxi, Nor flatter, fawn, forswear, assent or lie. 1823 Lamb Lett. (1888) 11 . 62 How the knave fawned when I was of service to him ! 1857 Buckle Civiliz. I. vii. 398 Even our greatest writers prostituted their abilities by fawning upon the prejudices of their patrons. 1865 Kingsley Herew. x, They fawn on a damsel with soft words. 1879 Dixon Windsor I. xii. 118 He stooped to fawn where he was used to smite. ]* b. To fawn upon (a thing, an object of desire) : to aspire to. Obs. rare~ i . 1634 Ford Warbeck v. i, Could I be England's queen, —a glory, Jane, I never fawn’d on. ■[ 4 . trans. To cringe to (a person). Obs. rare. a 1568 Ascham Scholent. 1. (Arb.) 83 Though, for their priuate matters they can follow, fawne, and flatter noble Personages. Fawn (fpn), vA [f. Fawn sbd ; cf. OF . faoncri] 1 . intr. To bring forth young. Now only of deer. 1481 Caxton Myrr. ii. vi, They [lionesses] come to fede their fawnes the iii day after they bane fawned. 1530 Palsgr. 546/2 Haue your dere fawned >et? 1679 Blount Anc. Tenures 91 Because the Dear did then fawn, or bring forth their young. 1721-1800 in Bailey. 2 . trans. Of deer: To bring forth (a fawn). 1576 Turberv. Vcnerie 141 The Bucke is fawned in the end of May. 1618 Earl of Cork in Sir R. Boyle's Diary Ser. 1. (1886) I. 192 The firste fawn that was fawned in my Park. Hence Pawning vbl. sb. 1598 Manwood Lawcs Forest x i. § 2 (1615) 81 When that our Agistors doe meete together for the fawning of our wilde beasts. 1685 R. Brady tr. John's Charter of Forests § 7 in Hist. Eng. App. 141 The third Swainmote shall be holden . .concerning the fawning of our Does. Fawn, obs. form of Faun. Fawner (fp'naj). [f. Fawn vd + -er T] One who fawns, cringes, or flatters; a toady. c 1440 Promp. Pan.' . 146/1 Faynare, or llaterere, adu¬ lator. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. 106 b, Flatterers, fawners, and southers of mennes saiynges. 1685 Crucian's Cour¬ tiers Orac. 156 All the Fawners .. are so many Monsters of impertinence. *1:1715 Burnet Own Time (1766) I. 68 His diary .represents him as an abject fawner on the Duke of Buckingham. 1812 Southey Omniaua II. 322 Certainly he was no fawner. 1864 E. Sargent Peculiar I. 2S9 He. .began to play the fawner once more. t Fa wnery. Obs. [f. prec. +-Y.] The bearing or tricks of a fawner ; flattery, sycophancy. 1661 K. W. Conf. Charact., Temporizer (i860) 51 This puppet of policy differs from the foregoing spanniel of fawnery only in time and degrees. Fawney (fg'ni). slang, [a. Irish fdin(iCe ring.] 1 . A finger-ring. 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Diet., Faiuney, a finger-ring. 1834 H. Ainsworth RooAwood iii. v, Fogles and fawnies soon went their way. 1851 Mayhew Loud. Labour I. 423 He wears a stunning fawny on his finger. 2 . a. = Fawny rig. 'To go on the fawney-. to practise the fawney-rig. b. One who practises the fawney-rig. 1781 G. Parker View Society II. 167 There is a large shop in London where these kind of rings are sold, for the purpose of going on the Fawney. Ibid.. The Fawney says, ‘ 1 dare say some poor woman [etc.]’. 1789 — Life s Painter 174 Fawny, an old, stale trick, called ring-dropping. 3 . Comb., as fawney-dropper, -dropping', fawney- bouncing, selling rings for a pretended wager ; fawney-bouncer ; fawney-rig (see quot.). 1781 G. Parker View Society II. 166 The Fawney rig. 1823 Egan Grose's Diet. Vulgar 'Tongue, Fawney rig, a common fraud thus practised: — a fellow drops a brass ring, double gilt, which he picks up before the party meant to be cheated, and to whom he disposes of it for less than its supposed, and ten times more than its real, value. 1851 Mayhew Loud. Labour I. 351, I do a little in the Fawney dropping line. 1857 ‘ Ducange Angmcus ’ Vttlg. 'Tongue 39 Fawney droppers gammon the flats and take the yokels in. Hence Paw neyed [-ED -], ringed. 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Diet., Fawuicd or fawney fam'd, having one or more rings on the finger. 1834 H. Ainsworth Roohnvood in. v, Myfawnied famms. i Fawnguest. Obs. [? f. Fawn v. + Guest. Possibly an etymologizing spelling of some dialect word. Nashe was an East Anglian; can the word be identical with faugast, given by Sir T. Browne without interpretation in his list of words peculiar to that region {Misc. Tr. viii. 146)? Hickes ( Ags. Gr. 1689), however, says that in Norfolk a faugast wench meant ‘ virginem viro jam nunc maturani et vi rum quasi expetentem’. a. A fawning parasite, a sycophant, toady. Also attrib. b. One who robs or swindles another under the guise of friendship. 1592 Nashe Strange Newcs Wks. B iv/r Nuntius, a Fawneguest Messenger twixt Maister Bird and Maister Demetrius. 1596 —Saffron Walden Tiii/i He may be a fawn-guest in his intent neuertheles. 1602 Rowlands Greene's Ghost (1880) 15 There be certaine mates called Fawneguests, who. .will. .say. .a friend of yours, .gaue me this bowed sixpence to drinke a quart of wine with you for his sake. Ibid., Such Fawneguests were they, that [etc.]. Fawning (fp’nitj ),vbl.sb. [f. Fawn v. + -ing L] The action of the vb. Fawn. 1 . Said of animals : see Fawn v ^ 1. a 1225 Auer. R. 290 Spit him amidde J>e bearde .. ]>et .. fikeft mid dogge uawenunge. a 1300 Cursor M. 12350 (Cott.) Abute his fete }>e quilpes ran. .And wit )>air fauning mad him cher. 1382 Wyclif Tobit xi. 9 With the faunyng of his tail he io^ed. c 1400 Ywaine 4 * Gaw. 2002 The lyoun wald noght fyght, Crete fawning made he to the Knyght. 1601 Shaks. Jul. C. 111. i. 43 Low-crooked curtsies, and base Spaniell fawning. 1607 Topsei.l Fonr-f. Beasts (1673) 109 'Hie lower and stiller [voice of a dog] is called ‘whining’, or ‘fawning’. 1665 Boyle On as. Reft. 111. vii. (1845) 159 With .. how many Fawnings, does he [a dog] court me to fling it him? 1844 Lowell Columbus Poems 1890 I. 153 O days whose memory tames to fawning down The surly fell of Ocean’s bristled neck ! 2 . Cringing, servile flattery or homage; an instance of this. a 1310 in Wright Lyric P. iv. 23 Fyth of other ne darth he fleo, that fleishshes faunyng furst for-eode. 1382 Wyci.if Judith xiv. 13 Vagio. .made fawnyng with his hondis. 1533 Udall Flowers Latinc Speaking (1560) 67 b, Nor suffre our selues to be wonne. .with faunyng. 1592 Wykley Armorie 145 Let no man .. To highlie of her [Fortune’s] lended faunings host. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. xxxi, No fawning, sir .. cried the baronet. 1862 Ld. Brougham Brit. Const, i. 3 A spirit of fawning and truckling towards those in authority. Fawning Up niij\ ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing -.] 1 . That fawns or shows pleasure or fondness as a dog does; caressing, fondling. Said also of the arm, tail, or tongue. c 1340 CursorM. 12354 tTrin.)f>ese ojiere leouns. .honoured him wi[> faunnyng tail. 1509 Hawes Past. Picas. 1. xvi, When that these grayhoundes had me so espied, With faunyng chere of great humilitie In goodly haste they fast unto me hyed. a 1569 Kingesmyi.l Godly Advise (1580' 1 The subtile fanyng spuniell. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. I. (1626) 13 She. .Hung on his necke with fawning armes. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 741 Fierce Tigers couch’d around, and loll’d their fawning tongues, c 1750 Shenstone Colemira 7 The fawning cats compassionate his case And purr around. 1842 J. H. Newman Par. Serin, led. 2) V. viii. 120 As a king giving names to fawning brutes. Jig. 1635 Quarles Embl. 1. vi. (1718)25 Let wit or fawning fortune vie their best. b. quasi-tff/z/. 1387 Trevisa Higden ( Rolls) 1 . 237 pe ny^tyngale .. Twytere[> wel fawnyng WiJ> full swete song in J>e dawenyng. 1398 — Barth. De P. R. xu.xxiii. (1495) 428 The byrde Kaladrius settyth his syghte on hym and beholdytli hym as it were faunynge and playsynge. 2 . Showing servile deference, cringing, flattering. 1585 Abp. Sandys Serm. (1841)137 Drunkenness is a fawn¬ ing devil, a sweet poison. 1650 Hubbert Pill Formality 81 The fauning Parasite, and Saint-seeming devil. 1701 Loud. Gaz. No. 3708/1 Edward Troupe..with a fawning Scotch-like Tone. 1769 Junius I.eit.xxxv. 164 A fawning treachery against which no prudence can guard. 1838 Lytton Leila 1. v, The voice .. smoothed into fawning accents of base fear. 1857 Buckle Civiliz. I. xi. 652 A fawning and hypocritical race. Fawningly .fp-nirjli), aJv. [f. prec. +-i.y-.] In a fawning manner: a. Caressingly, joyfully, b. Cringingly, flatteringly, servilely. a. 1790 Bewick Quadrupeds (1807^ 358 The sagacious animal .. leapt fawningly against the breast of a man. b. 1591 Harington Orl. Fur. 332 note, Those Princes.. that (as is said of them) ‘ Never see lookes, hut fawninglie dis¬ guised’. 1654 Trapp Comm. Matt. xii. 38 They |i. e. the Pharisees] had nothing to say for themselves, hut fawningly to call him Master. *1:1711 Ken Edmund Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 178 Lucifer. .Strove fawningly t' attract good Edmund’s Ear. 1855 Macaulay Hist Fug. III. 401.* It was set down in my instructions’, answered Jeffreys, fawningly, ‘that I was to show no mercy to men like you.’ Fawningness (fg-nignisV [f. as prec. + -ness ] A fawning disposition or demeanour; cringing behaviour, servility. 1673 (). Walker Eituc. ii. 20 It is much easier to l>end a naturall mis-inclination to its neighbour virtue .. as .. fawningnes to complaisance. 1827 De Quincey Murder FAWNSOME. FAYETTISM. Wks. IV. 45 I’m for peace, and quietness, and fawningness, and what may be styled knocking-underness. Fawnsome (pnsvm), a. dial . [f. Fawn v. + -some.] Of an animal: Disposed to fawn ; show¬ ing fondness. 1863 Mrs. Toogood Yorksh. Dial., The calf .. is grown so fawnsome it will follow us like a dog. 1873 Swaledale Gloss., Fansome adj., winsome. Fawntekyn, var. Fauntekin Obs., an infant. Fawny (fp'ni), a. [f. Fawn sb. + -Y.] Of a colour : Inclining to fawn. 1849 Reek's Florist 260 Madame Angelina, that most unique Rose in its creamy fawny tints 1882 Garden 1 Apr. 223/1 The sepals are of a pale fawny yellow. Fawoure, obs. form of Favour. Fawse, obs. and dial, form of False a. Fawsont, Sc. var. Fashioned. Fawt^e, obs. forms of Fault. t Fax, sb. Obs. Forms: a. i feax, north. faex, 1-2 fex, 3-6 fax, (5 faxe, 6 facts, 7 faix, ?6 pi. fassis). / 3 . 3 vsex, vax(e. [OK . feax — OFris. fax, OS. and OHG. fahs (MHG. vahs), ON. (and mod.Norw.) fax. The word occurs in the proper names Fairfax, Halifax .] 1 . The hair of the head. Beowulf 2967 Swat aidruin sprong for ft under fexe. c 900 Bset la's Hist. 11. xvi, He., harfde blnec feax. c 1000 Saar. Lecchd. I. no Wip puet fta;t mannes fex fealle. c 1205 Lay. 24S43 [Heo] luken heom bi uaxe [c 1275 pan heere] and laiden heom to grunde. a 1300 ('ursor M. 7244 (Cott.) Thom his fax his force was tint, c 1375 Sc. Leg-.Saints, Martha 7 Scho was far of fax and face, c 1440 Bone Flor. 1545 Then they lowsyd hur fey re faxe, That was yelowe as the waxe. 1513 Douglas JEncis u. vi. 51 His fax and herd was fad it quhar he stuide. 1548 Hall Citron. 10 b, Y° fassis of their head set ful of new devised facuns. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus 1. 915 With countinance and facts virginall. 1606 lloi .land Suelon. Annot. 30a, Whose lokes and faix were so slicke and glib with sweet oyles, that they shone againe. 1 1610 — Camden’s Brit. 1. 723 Fax in the old English tongue signifieth the haire of the head.] 2 . derisively. The face. [Perhaps a misunderstanding of the obsolete word as pre¬ served in poetic phrases ; some other Sc. examples in 16th c. would admit of a similar interpretation.] 1513 Douglas TEneis viu. Prol. 32 The fillok hir deformit fax wald haue a fair face. t Faxed, a. Obs. [f. prec. + -ED - ; cf. ON. faxiSr .] Having hair, hairy. Faxed star: a comet, from the resemblance of its tail to hair. 891 O. E. Chron. (Parker MS A, Same men ewepap on Englisc past hit [cometa] sie feaxede steorra. a 1259 Matthew Paris Chron. Maj. an. 891 (Rolls* I.428 Cometa apparuit quae Anglice Vexede s ter re nuncupatin'. 11605 Camden Rem. (1636) 26 The old English .. could call a Comet a Fixed fr/V] starre; which is all one with Stella crinita.\ 1851 Cumbrld. Gloss., Faxed Star. Fay (D‘), sb T Obs . or arch. Forms: 4 fei, feyo, fai, 4-6 fey, 4-7 fay, 5 fa, 4-6 faye, 6 foy. [ad. later OYv.fei :—earlier felt, feid : see Faith. Feith, Faith was the original, and became the ordinary, Eng. form : but fey, fay also passed into Eng. from contemporary Fr. a 1300, and was for a time almost as common as the earlier form, especially in certain senses, and in phrases such as par fiy, by my fay = OFr. par fei, par via fei.] 1 . Religious belief; = Faith sb. 1-4. ^1300 Cursor M. 7562 (Cott.), I haue in drightin fest mi fai. £1315 Shoreham Poems (1849) *39 Her-to accordeth oure fay. £1320 R. Brunne Medit. 18 pat ys preved by crystes feye. a 1375 Lay Folks Mass Bk. App. iv. 117 pou schalt be founden, I pe fay Hoseled. 14. . Pol. Rel. 4- L. Poems (1866) 253 Ellis failep al oure fay. ? 14.. Chester PI. (1847) II. 116 Newe tonges shall have to preach the faye. a 1420 Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 332 Mannes resoun may not preve our fey. £1450 Myrc 362 For who so beleueth in the fay. 1590 Spenser She/>h. Cal. Sept. 107 Both of their doctrine and of their faye. 1596 Spenser F. Q. v. viii. 19 That neither hath religion nor fay. 2 . Credit, authority; = Faith sb. 6. C1374 Chaucer Boeth. iv. ii. 112 For as moche as pe fey of my sentence shal be pe more ferme and haboundaunt. 3 . Promise, assurance ; —Faith sb. 8. a 1300 Cursor M. 11530 (Cott.) He [heroude] was traitur, fals in fai. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 2046 par-to sclie sykeredc panne hure fay, to help hem be hure nu^te. c 1385 Chaucer L. 6*. IV. 1847 Lucrece , Theyanswerde alle unto hire fey. 4 . Allegiance; = Faith 9 ; also in To hold', keep, owe, swear (one's) fay ; = Faith sb. 9 b. e 1290 S. Eng.Lcg., St. Dominic 246 Bi pe fei, pat i schal to pe. c 1320 Sir Tristr. 318 pe mariner swore his faye. 1375 Barbour Bruce xm. 545 [He] held him lelely his fay. ^1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. xli. 59 pe Folk come to pe Fay. C 1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. 53 For to pray That .. Lords keepe their fay Vnto their Soueraigne King. 1590 Spenser F. (J. 11. x. 41 Did foy and tribute raise. b. To be at, to take til (=to) any person's or persons fay : to be in, to take into allegiance or subjection to him or them. a 1300 Cursor M. 12984 (Cott.) pe kinges all ar at mi fai. >375 Barbour Bruce xm. 404 Bothwell .. then at yngliss mennys fay Wes. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. xli. 85 He tuk pame til pe Scottis Fay : Til hym pare Athisofpat madepai. 5 . Fidelity; = Faith sb. 10. Also To bear fay. CX300 Ilavelok 255 Alle pe englis dede he sweren pat he shulden him ghod fey beren. 1377 Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 215 So fikel in heare fay, That seiden isei^e is sone for^ete. a 1529 Skelton Dk. Albany 437 In loyalte and foy Lyke to Ector of Troy. 112 6. In asseverative phrases : a. In ( good) fay ; = Faith sb. 12 a. <•1300 K. Alis. 6952 He..thoughte in god fay. £1340 Cursor M. 13603 (Trim) He is oure son pei seide in fay. 1423 Jas. I Kiugis Q. lix, Here is, in fay, the tyme. c 1475 Rauf Coil^ear 88 In gud fay, Schir, it is suith that say. c 1532 Dewes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 1046 In good fay I thankeour Lorde. Mod. dial. (Devon.) Iss fay ! b. In quasi-oaths. By, upon my (etc.) fay : = Faith sb. 12 c. Also in Fr. form, (Par) (via) fay. a 1300 Cursor M. 13593 (Gott.) ‘ A prophete ’, said he, ‘ bi mi fay’. <1300 Harrcnu. H ell 81 Par ma fey! ich holde myne Alle tho that bueth heryne. c 1386 Chaucer Wife's T. 2<>j If I say fals, sey nay, upon thy fey. — Clerk’s T. Prol. 9 Tel us som mery tale, by your fay. — Pars. T. r 793 Par fay the resoun of a man tellith him [etc.], c 1460 Play Sacrum. 589 Betwyn Douyr & Calyce .. dwellth non so cunnyng be my fey. c 1460 Tcnvneley Myst. (Surtees) 36 Ma fa ! sone I hope he shalle. 1547 Gardiner in Strype Cranmer 11. (1694) 76 To say [etc.], .by my faye is overfar out of the way. 1808 Scott Marm. 1. xxii, Nephew, quoth Heron, by my fay. 1849 James Woodman x, By my fay, the place seems a fortress instead of an abbey. Fay (ft? 1 ), sb.% Also 6 in Fr.form f 6 e, 8 faye, pi. 7 faies. [ad. OF. fae , faic (Fr. fie) =Pr. and P S-faddy Sp. hada, It. fata Com. Rom .fata fern, sing., f. L. fata the Fates, pi. of fit it m Fate.] = Fairy 4. 1393 Gower Conf. I. 193 My wife Constance is fay. [a 1533 E*>. Berners JIuon cxliv. 536 The noble quene Morgan le faye.] 1570 B. Googe Pop. Kingd. 11. (1880) 15 a, As pleaseth him that fightes with Fees. 1633 B. Jonson 'Pale Tub 11. i, You’d have your daughters and maids Dance o’er the fields like faies to church. 1746 Collins Dirge in Cymbeline Poems (1771) 97 The female fays shall haunt the green, a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) 1 . 177 Be she a Fiend, or be she a Fay, She shall be Otto’s bride to-day. 1873 G. C. Davies Mount. 4 * Mere xiv. 113 Which needed but little imagination to transfer them into fays and water sprites. Fay (L Ti ), sb .3 Forms : S-9 feigh, 9 fay, feagh, fee. [f. Fay z\-] The clearings from the surface ; the surface soil, the dross of metals. 1747 Hooson Miners Diet. Mj, This [the Limp] the Washers use for to throw off the Feigh from the Ore out of the Sive. 1802 Mavve Mineralogy 204 Feigh, Newc. Refuse washed from the lead-ore. 1839 Murchison Silur. Syst. 1. iii. 40 Fee, pronounced ‘Fay*, a red rubbly thin-bedded rock, with some marl. 1884 Cheshire Gloss., Fay, Fee, the surface soil in contradistinction to the sub-soil. 1893 Sur¬ veyors’ Institution Professional Notes V. 66 They com¬ menced removing the surface soil, or ‘fey’. Fay (ft 71 )* £’.1 Forms: 1 f^-an, 3-4 feljen, 3 feien, (fien), south, veien, 4 fey, south. vie, 5 fye, 6 faie, 5- fay. [OE. feg-an — OS. fogian (Du. voegen),OHG. fuogen (MH Q.viiegcn, mod.G. fiigen) OTeut. *fdgjan to fit, adapt, join (cf. OFris. fbgia, which differs in conjugation), f. *fog- (cf. OHG. fuoga, mod.G. fuge fitting together, joining), ablaut-form of Teut. root fag- in fag-ro- Fair a .] + 1 . trails. To fit, adapt, or join (whether in material or immaterial sense) ; to put together, add, compose; to fix or fasten in position. Obs. a 1000 Riddles xxvi. 9 (Gr.) Heo .. fe^eft mec on faisten. ciooo Sax. Lecchd. III. 206 Herculem $esihft freo[n]dscipe fe.^ft. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 25 Ure fader shop us and feide pe leines to ure licame. Ibid. , Forpi we clepeft him fader for pat he us feide here, c 1200 Ormin 11501 Forr manness bodi} fe^edd iss Off fowwre kinne shaffte. Ibid. 11523 Jiff pu fe^esst preo wipp preo pa fmdesst tu paer sexe. a 1225 Auer. R. 7S Vordi ueieft lsaie hope & silence bofte togederes. Ibid. 396 Ure Louerd .. to-tweamede his soule urom his bodie vorto ueien ure bofte togederes. f b. ? To fit, furnish zvith. Obs. c 1205 Lay. 649 He lette makien enne die .. & feiede heo mid pornen. f c. To fay upon long: to fix at a distant point (in time) ; to postpone. Obs. c 1400 Destr. Troy 5616 The ferrer pat we fay our fare open longe, The more we procure our payne. i - 2 intr. To suit; to match with. Obs . c 1300 Agst. Pride Ladies in Pol. Songs (Camden) 154 The bout and the barbet wyth frountel shule fe3e. b. US. Of a coat: To fit. To fay in \ to fit into its place; also trans. to fill up (a gap). 1866 Lowell Biglow P. Poems 1890 11 . 374 Ther* ’s gaps our lives can’t never fay in. 1868 Mrs. Whitney P. Strong xi. (1869) 128 One of the things that fayed right in, 1889 Farmer Americanisms, ‘ Your coat fays well.* 3 . To suit, do, go on favourably, succeed. Obs. exc. dial. c 1300 Beket 658 That ne vieth nothing, c 1425 Seven Sag. 2981 (P.) That may nou3t fye And he se the with hys eye.. He wyl knowe the anoon righte. 1542 Udali. Erasm. Afoph. 11. 336 b, This waye it will not frame ne faie, 't here¬ fore must we proue another waye. 1863 Barnes Dorset Gloss., ‘Things dont fay as I should wish em.' 1886 T. Hardy Mayor of Casterbridge xx, It came to pass that for ‘ fay ’ she said ‘ succeed ’. 4 . Ship-building, etc. [Special uses of i, 2.] a. trans. To fit (a piece of timber) closely and ac¬ curately to (another), b. intr. Of the timber ; To fit close, so as to leave no intervening space. a. 1754 M. Murray Shipbuilding 188 Fay .. to fitt two pieces of wood so as to join close together. The plank is said to fay to the timbers when it bears, or lies close to all the timbers. 1769 Falconer Did. Marine (1789) C iv b, The wing-transom .. is fayed across the stern-post, and bolted to the head of it. 1775 Falck Days Diving Vessel 5 Two- inch planks..were fayed and nailed to all the timber of the external frame. 1867 in Smyth Sailors Word-bk. b. 1794 Rigging 4 ' Seamanship I. 23 The mast where it fays is paid over with soft tar. c 1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 102 The butts are rabbeted, and must fay close. 1867 Smyth Sailor’s Word-bk., The plank is said to fay to the timbers, when it lies so close to them that there shall be no perceptible space between them. H ence Fayed ppl. a. ; Faying vbl. sb., the action of the vb. Fay 1 ; also attrib, 1748 F. Smith Voy. Disc. N.-JV. Pass. I. 133 The House was. .built of Logs of Wood laid one on the other, with two Sides plain or fayed, that they might be the closer, c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 25 Swo digeliche hit al dihte pat on elch feinge is hem on sene, a 1225 Ancr. R. 78 |>is is nu pe reisun of pe veiunge. 1858 Simmonds Did. Trade, Faying in maritime phraseology, the union of two pieces so close that no intervening space occurs. 1869 Sir E. J. Reed Shipbuild. x. 193 The rivet-holes shall be punched from the faying surfaces. Ibid. xvii. 338 Care being taken to punch from the faying-side. Fay, feigh (ft 7 *)* V? Forms : 3 fse^en, feeien, fegen, fe^en, 4-5 fyen, 6 fie, 7 fea, 7-8 fee, 4, 7-9 fey, 7-9 feigh, fay. [a. ON .fvgja to cleanse, polishOTeut. type *f&gjan. ON. had also a synonymous parallel derivative from same root, fdga ( = MDu. vdgen OTeut. type *f&g 6 jan) whence the Eng. Fow v. The ON. words appear to be related by ablaut to Du. vegen, MI 1 G. vegen, mod.G .fegen, to polish, clean, sweep. In South Yorkshire it rimes with weigh (vv£b, not with day, way, say (de, we, sc) ; perh. the best spelling is feigh.] trails. To clean, cleanse, polish; to clear away (filth, etc.). Now only dial . in specific applica¬ tions : To clean out (a ditch, pond); to pare away (surface soil); to clean (seed); to winnow (corn\ c 1205 Lay. 7957 Heo .. fsejeden heoren wepnen. Ibid. 8057 pe king .. hehten l?hehte] heom alle .. faeien heore steden. £1220 Bestiary 210 Fe} Se ftus of Si brest lilde. # c 1350 in Archseologia XXX. 353 pis drinke xal fyen fro pi herte Glet & rewme. la 1400 Morte Arth. 1114 He feyed his fysnamye with his foule hondez. 1573 Tusser Husb. (18781 54 At midnight trie foule priuies to fie. Ibid. 133 Choised seede to be picked and trimlie well fide. 1600 Holland Livy xxi. xxxvii. (1609) 414 Such a deale of snow there was to be digged, faied, and thrown out. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. iv. vi,To empty jakes, fay channels, carry out durt [etc.]. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 4 Oates threshed and feyed. Ibid. 52 Fey up dursed corne, and lye strawe on the floores. 1674 Ray N. C. Words, Fee, to winnow. Fey, Feigh, to do any thing notably. To fey meadows is to cleanse them : to fey a pond, to empty it. 1704 in Picton IP pool Mimic. Rec. (1886) II. 59 Hee has already fey’d and ring’d y° seller and enclosed a garden. 1796 Pkgge Anonym. (1809) 91 To fee, or to feigh, as they speak in Derbyshire, is to cleanse ; so to fee out is to cleanse out. 1813 Cullum Hist. Hawsted 4 * Hardwick Gloss., To fay ox fey a pond or ditch, to clean by throwing the mud out of it. 1864 F. Greville in Field 29 Oct., The pond had not been cleaned out, (or as we say in Norfolk, fyed out).. for fifty-five years. 1876 Mid-Yorksh Gloss., ‘ Fey that hedge bottom out.’ 1876 Whitby Gloss., Fay , to fan, to winnow with the natural wind. 1887 .V. Cheshire Gloss., L'ee to remove the surface soil, e.g. to obtain marl, sand, &c. Hence raying vld. sb. ; vised attrib. in faying- cloth, ? a winnowing cloth. 1641 Best Farm. Acct. Bks. (Surtees) §2. 115 An old coverlelte. .and a feyinge cloth for to lye upon them. t Fay, v. :t Obs. In 3 feahen, fea^en. [Only in southern ME. ; a Scandinavian origin is therefore unlikely, so that the word can hardly be identified with prec. ; the sense also differs. Perh. repr. OE. fdgan (‘fivhit pingit ’ Epinal Gl.; cf. afdgan to depict), f. fah coloured, Faw.] trans. ?To adorn. a 1225 Ancr. 70 . 58 Al v 1 bet falleS to hire [pet Jre fea^e 5 hire C.]. c 1230 Mali AM id. 45 Feahe fii meidenhad wi 3 alle gode f^awes. Hence Faying vbl. sb. c 1230 Mali Meid. 43 Nis ha nawt in claSes ne in fea- hunge utewi 5 . Fay, obs. form of Foe. Fay, obs. var. of Fey a., fated to die. Fayalite (f/'W'ibit). Min. [Named by Gmelin in 1S40 after Fayal, one of the Azores: see -ite.] A silicate of iron and other bases, found in Fayal and elsewhere. 1844 Dana Min. 586 Fayalite of Gmelin, from the Azores. 1879 Rutlf.y Stud. Socks xiii. 263 A mineral which, in chemical composition, is allied to the iron-olivine, fayalite. Fayd, var. of Fade vi- to suit; in quot. intr. 14.. Wedding 0/Sir Gawaiu 214 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 109 ‘ Thys may nott fayd ’, said Gawen. Fayenee, var. of Faience. + Fay er. Obs. exc. dial. Also Fowar. [f. Fay z’.~ + -er ’.] One who cleanses. 1611 Cotgr., Escnreur. .a scowrer, cleanser; feyer. lin'd. s.v. Fi-, Maistre fifi. feyer of priuies. Fayettism (f< Ti etiz‘m). [ad. F. Faycttisme, f. (/.a) Fayette : see -ism.] The doctrine and practice of the followers of La Fayette. 1793 Burke Policy of Allies Wks. VII. 138 Fayetteism, Condorcetism, Monarchism, or Democratism. 1794 Abbe Barruel Hist. Clergy during French Rev. (1795) 227 All the known friends of Fayettism. 1848 W. H. Kklly tr. L. Rhine’s Mist. Ten Y. I. 313 Unhappy men immolated on pretence of Fayetism. FAYFUL. 113 FEALTY. + Fay'ful, a. Obs.—° [f. Fay sb.i + -ful.J = Faithful. Hence J Payfully adv., in a faithful manner, a. Loyally, b. Reliably. la 1400 Jlforte Arth, 1715 Thayhafe the furthe forsette alle of f>e faire watyre,That fayfully of force fe^hte us byhowys. 1426 Audelay Poems 10 Fayfully wrytyn in hole wryt. Fay-land t' lwnd). [f. Fay sb . 2 + Land sb.] The land of the fays, fairy-land. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. I. 11. 622 For some green summer of the fay-land light Tripping she went. Fayler, -or, obs. forms of Failure. t Fayles. Obs. [The writer of Ludtts Angli- corum (see quot. c 1330) connects the word with Fail v. ; the game being usually decided by the failure of one of the players to make a throw that would enable him to move. Godef. has two examples of the OF. phrase jcnier a la faille, which, though figurative, may contain an allusion to this game.] An obsolete form of Back-gammon. c 1330 Ludtts Anglicorum in Royal MS. 13. A. xviii. 158 a, Est et alius ludusqui vocatur Faylys. [The game is described at length.] 1598 B Jonson' Ev. Alan in llutti. III. iii, Hee’ll play at Fayles, and Tick-tack. + Fayllard, a. (quasi-.rA) Obs. rare- 1 . [? AF. f. Fr. jaillir : see Fail v. Cf. Fr. babillard, etc.] That fails or offends ; offending, delinquent. c 1310 in Rel. Ant. I. 145 No wily lufe na clerc fayllard. Fayme, Faynfe, obs. ff. Fame, Fain, Feign. Faynd, v. Sc. Obs. : see Fand. Fayre, obs. f. Fair, Fare. Fayrey, -ie, -y(e, obs. ff. Fairy. Fayssyon, obs. form of Fashion. Fayt(te, obs. form of Feat. Fayte(n, Fayth(e, Fayto(u)r : see Fait-. Fayver, obs. form of Favour. t Fa'zart, sb. ( a .) Obs. Sc. Also 6 faizard, fasert. [Of unknown etymology; according to Jamieson faizard is used in some parts for a herma¬ phrodite fowl.] 1 . A coward, dastard. 1597 Montgomerie Chcrrie ff Slae 377 To fazarts, hard hazarts Is deid or they cum thair. Ibid. 632 Son faizardis durst not.. Clim vp the craig. 2 . attrib. or adj. Cowardly, dastardly. 1508 Kennedy Flyting w. Dunbar 517 Fowmart, fasert, fostirit in filth and fen. Faze (fi?'z), v. US. trans. To discompose, disturb. Cf. Feeze v. 1890 Dialect Notcsi. Boston, U .S.A.) Notesfrom Louisiana 11. 70 ‘ You didn’t faze hiin'= you did not disturb him. 1890 Coln>ubus(Oh\o) Dispatch 22 July, This blow, altho’ a fearful one, did not ‘ faze ’ me. Faze, obs. var. Feaze v. II Fazenda (fazenda). Also fazende. [Pg. fazenda = Sp. hacienda.] An estate or large farm. Also the home-stead belonging thereto. 1825 A Caldcleugh Trav. S.Arner. II. xvii. 185 The few fazendas in the neighbourhood were, .occupied in pressing the sugar cane. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. ii. (1873I 24 On such fazendas as these the slaves pass happy lives. 1846 G. Gardner Trav. Brazil 522 The Fazenda of Padre Correa is situated in a hollow surrounded by bare hills. II Fazendeiro (fazendrirp). In quot. fazendero. [Pg.; f. fazenda (see prec.).] One who owns or occupies a fazenda. 1825 A. Caldcleugh Trav. S. Amor. II. xvii. 243 Few fazenderos used the same piece of land for more than two consecutive years. Fazle, var. of Fasel v. Obs. to ravel. Fazoun, obs. form of Fashion. Fe, obs. form of Fee. Feaberry (frberi, feberi). dial. Forms: a. 6 feaberrio, 7, 9 fe-, 9 fa-, fae-, fayberry, 7- feaberry. 13 . 7-9 fl. feab(e)s, 9 fabes, fapes, feaps. y. pi. 7 thebes, thepes, 9 thapes. [Possibly corruption of *theve berry, f. ME. Theve OE. fife prickly shrub (in pefe-porn ) + Berry ; the shortened form thebes appears to preserve the original initial. Cf. Dayberry (perh. a variant).] A gooseberry; in Norfolk applied only to the unripe fruit (I' orby). Also attrib. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 1143 In English Gooseberrie, Gooseberrie bush, and Feaberrie Bush in Cheshire, my natiue countrie. 1611 Cotgr., Groisclles, gooseberries; thornberries ; fea berries. 1615 Markham Eng. Housew. 1660) 76 The best sauce for green Geese is the juyee of Sorrel and Suger mixt together with a few scalded Feberries. 1674 Ray S. 4 E. C. Words 65 Feabes or Feaberries; Gooseberries, Suff. Thebes in Norfolk. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey/, Icabs or Fea-berries, a Country- Word for Goose-berries, a 1823 Forby Foe. E. Anglia, Fapes s. pi. gooseberries. Variously called also feaps, feabs, fabes and thapes ; all abbreviations of feaberries.. On that day [the Guild-day] a fape-tart is an indispensable regale at every table. 1855 E. Waugh Lane. Life (1857) 104 ‘ F ay berry cake ’.. or such like homely buttery-stuff. Feable, obs. f. Feeble ; and var. of Fiable, Obs. Fead,Feadary,obs. Sc. ff. Feud sb. 2 , Feudauy. Feague (fig), sb . 1 dial. Also 7 feak. [Cf. Du. peeks of same meaning, referred by native etymologists to the vb. vegen (see Feague z>.). Also cf. ME. Veckk.] (See quot. 1781.) Vol. IV. 1664 Bold Poems 134 Three female idle feaks who long'd for pig’s head. 1781 Hutton Tour to Caves Gloss ., Feague, a dirty, sluttish, idle person. 1869 in Lonsdale Gloss. + Feague, sb . 2 obs. rare- 1 . [?f. Feague zl] In phr. by fits and fcags = * by fits and starts ’. 1600 Abbot Exp. Jonah 171 Neither that we apprehend grace, by fits or feags as we are urged by any present thing. + Feague, v. Obs. Also 7 fegue, 8 feag. [Prob., as suggested in Bailey 1721, this and the earlier recorded variant Feak 57.1 (and the later Fake v.) are ad. Ger .fegen lit. to polish, furbish, sweep (for the jocular applications see Grimm s.v.), or the .equivalent Du. vegen. But there may be mixture of a native word; cf. Feak w.' 1 ] 1 . trans. To beat, whip. Alsofig. [1589-1598: ?Implied in Bumfeage.] 1668 Etheredge She Would if she ,1Could iv. ii, Let us even go into an arbour, and then feague Mr. Rakehell. 1681 Otway Soldier's Fort, v, Curs, keep off from snapping at my heels, or I shall so feague ye. 1691 Rabshakch Vapulans 5 Well—on my Faith, he feagues these Black-coat Sparks. 1721-1800 Bailey, Feag, to beat with Rods, to whip. 2 . To ‘do for’, ‘settle the business of’; = Fake v. 1668 Etheredge She Would if she Could in. iii, Oh my little rogue. .how I will turn, and wind, and fegue thy body [in a dance] ! Ibid., ’Tis with a bottle we fegue her. 1671 Crowne Juliana I, I hope the Cardinal will feage 'urn all. 1672 Wycherley I.ovo in Wood 1. i, Sly intrigue, That must at length the jilting widow fegue. 1690 D’Urfey Collin's IFalh London 1. 6 Had not th’ Times his honour fegu’d. Ibid. 11. 84 When Cataline a league Had made, the Senators to fegue. b. (See quot.) Cf. Fake v. 1785 Grose Class. Diet, s.v., To feague a horse, to put ginger up a horse's fundament, to make him lively and carry his tail well. 3 . To feague away : to set in motion briskly. Also fig. To agitate (a point) in one’s thoughts. Also, To feague it atony, to work at full stretch. (Cf. To fake azuay.) 1671 Shadwell Humourist iii, Come in. .and fegue your violins away, fa, la, la, la. 1672 ViLLiERSfDk. Buckhm.) Rehearsal (1714) 55 When a knotty point comes, I lay my head close to it..and then I fegue it away i’ faith. 1691 Shadwell Scowrers iii. iii. Come out .. I'll feague thee [partner in a dance] away. 1829 Scott Jrnl. (1890)11. 240 From that hour [three] till ten. .1 was feaguing it away. t Fea’guer. Obs. [f. prec. in unrecorded sense = Fake v. ; cf. Faker.] See quot. 1610 Rowlands M. Mark-all C iij, A Feager of Loges, one that beggeth with false passes or counterfeit writings. Peak (ffk), sb. [Perh. related to Feak vA ; possibly a sing, inferred from feax, Fax, mistaken for a pi.] A dangling curl of hair. 1548 T homas Ital. Gram ., Ciocca , a feake, or quantitie of heare. 1598 Marston Pygmal. Sat. i. 138 He that. .Can dally with his Mistres dangling feake, And wish that he were it. 1600 Abp. Abbot Exp. Jonah. 593 It doth not become thee to go with such feakes and lockes. 1650 Bulwer Anthropomet. ii. (1653)72 If anything be lopped off their feaks or foretops. t Feak, v . 1 Obs . [var. of Feague v .] trans . To beat, to thrash. 1652 J. Heywood Prov. Sp Epigr. (1867) 117 The foole was feakt for this. Hence Fea'king vbl. sb .; in quot. attrib. 1601 Cornwallyes Ess. xxiv, Being without his feaking sticke, he is without himselfe. Feak (f/k), vf Falconry . Cf. Feat v. 2. [ad. Ger .fegen to cleanse, sweep.] a. intr . Of a hawk : To wipe the beak after feeding, b. trans. To wipe (the beak); also, to wipe the beak of. c 1575 Perfect Bk. Kepinge Sparhawkes fed. Harting 1886) iq They must, .haue tyme to feake. 1618 Latham 2 ndBk. Falconry 146 When she hath fed, feaked, and reioyced. 1686 Blome Gcntl. Recreat. 11. 48 When she [your Hawk] hath Fed, say she Feaketh her Beak and not wipeth it. 1852 R. F. Burton Falconry in Valley Indus iii. 28, I. .gently pulled her off the pelf, feaked and hooded her. Feak (ffk), v .3 dial. Alsoqfeek. [Cf. Fikezj. and ON . fjuka to drift, fly away, and its causative feyka to blow, drive away, to rush.] 1 . trans. To twitch, jerk, pull smartly. 1548 Thomas Ital. Gram. t Dichiomare .. to feake the heare awaie. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., ‘ I know w’en our Maister’s in a bad ’umour, fur e’ al’ays feaks 'is wescut down.’ 2 . intr. (See quots.) 1775 Ash, Feake (v. int. in the Scotch dialect), to flutter, to be officiously busy, to he idle. 1811 IV. Riding Gloss., Peaky to fidget, to be restless or busied about trifles. 1878 Cnmbrld. Gloss ., Feeky to be uneasy or anxious. t Fe*al, sb. Sc. Obs. Also 6 feeall, feall, 7 fiell. [In sense 1 perh. originally a subst. use of next adj., with the sense 1 one who owes fealty’ ; but it appears to have been interpreted as if f. Fee sb or v. + -al, and this derivation prob. gave rise to the other senses. Cf. OF. Jical pertaining to a fief (f. fie=fief)y and med.L. fealiter (Du Cange) =fcodaliter 1 by feudal law ’.] 1 . a. A feudal tenant, vassal, liegeman, b. A servant * feed ’ or hired for a term. a 1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. (1846) I. 123 The Cardi¬ nally. baner was that day displayed, and all his feeallis war charged to he under it. c 1575 Balfour's Practicks (1754) 127 All tenentis .. haldand landis of ane Baron, sould swear..that thay sail he leill fealis to him. 1663 Spalding Troub, Chas. / (1851) II 280 Commanding all prenteissis, seruandis, fiellis, not to change their maisteris. 2 . The condition of being held in fee. 1478 Acts fords of Council { 1839) 10 pe persones that has the landis in the Levenax in feale of J>e lord Glammys. 1630-56 Sir R. Gordon Hist. Earls Sutherld. (1813) 253 John Gray of Skiho had the lands of Ardinch in flail from John. .Earle of Sowtherland. 3 . A payment due to the lord of the fee; also gen. a periodical payment, stipend, pension. 1543 Sc. Acts Q. Mary (1814) 439/1 To gidder with pe fealis of be chantorie and denrie of Glasgw. .pertenying to be said lord for his fee. 1581 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (i8ia) 245 Exceptand. .the gift and feall grantit by ws till. .Gilbert Prymrois.. for all the dayis of his lyf. 1607 Jas. VI MS. Let. to Ld. Scone (Jam.), There being a particular yeirlye feall appointed to him for the discharge of the said office. attrib. 1581 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1814) 236 The saidis abbot and convent ar nocht able to pay the feall thride of the said abbay according to the first assumptioun. Feal (ffl), a. arch . [a. OF. feat, altered form (by substitution of suffix : see -al) of feeil L. Jidelem faithful, f. fidcs faith.] Faithful, firm in allegiance, constant. 1568 A. Scott in Bannatyne Poems 251 Prent the wordis ..Quhilkis ar nocht skar, to bar on far frae bowrdis, Bot leale, bot feale, may haell, avaell thy Grace, c 1575 Balfour's Practicks (1754) 243 Ane tenent. .sould. .say.. Hear ze, my Lord, I sail be leill and feal to zou. 1603 J. S a vile Salut. Poem Jas. I in Arb. Garner V. 636 France, and froward Ireland..Are feal subjects to your royal hand. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Fealy the Tenants by Knights-Service us’d to swear to their Lord to be Feal and Leal, i. e. Faithful and Loyal. 1814 Scott Wav. xix, His right feal, trusty, and well-beloved cousin. 1827 — Jrnl. (1890) II. 15 My old and feal friend James. Feal (f»l), v. north, dial. Also 4-5 fele. [A northern and north midland word, a. ON .fela to hide, also to commit, commend — Goth .filhan to hide, bury:—OTeut. *felhan, str. vb. (pret. falh-, pa. pple. *fo!gano-). In ME. and mod. dialects always conjugated weak. App. equivalent in form, though the relation in sense is obscure, are OE . feolan ( fealhy folgen) to stick fast, to reach, attain, OH G.felahan to put together. The compound vb. OE. bifeolan to entrust, commit, command, corresponds in form and sense to OFris. bifella % OS. bifelhan (Du. bevclen\ OHG. bifelahan (MHG. bevelheiiy mod.G. befehlen).\ trans. To hide, conceal. c 1325 Metr. Horn. 3 In al thing es he nouht lele That Godes gift fra man will fele [printed sele]. Ibid. 12 For his [Christ’s] Godhed in fleis was felid Als hok in bait. la 1400 Morte Arth. 3237 Thurghe that foreste I flede .. flor to fele me for ferde of tha foule thyngez. c 1460 Toumcley Myst. 67 My counselors so..No wyt from me ye fele. 1570 Levins Manip. 207/30 To Feale, velarCy abscondere. 1664 Floddcn F. vn. 1899 Ike smothering smoak the light so feald, That neither Army other saw. 1674 Ray N. C. Words (1691) 17 He that feals can find. 1721-1800 in Bailey. 1873 in Sivalcdale Gloss. Feal, var. of Fail rA^q.v. Chiefly in the law- phrase Feal and Divot : see Divot. Feald. dial. [?var. of Fold; cf. Fad, Fawd.] A bundle of straw. ? 14.. Carle of Carlile 239 in Sir Gawayne (1839) 264 Had itt not beene for a feald of straw Kayes backe had gone in 2. Feale, obs. form of Feel. Fealty (fralti). Forms: 4-6 feaute, (5 feauty, 6 feautie), 4-5 feute(e,4-6 fewt(e(e, (5 fewthe, fewtye), 4-7 fealtie, -ye, (5 fealtee, feaulte, 6 -ie), 6-fealty, [ad. OF v feaiute, feaulte, fealte= Pr.- fealtad, fedeltat L. fidelitdt-em, f. fidelis faithful, i. fidcs Faith.] 1 . The obligation of fidelity on the part of a feudal tenant or vassal to his lord. 1375 Barbour Bruce 1. 427 Schirbyschop. .Gyff thowwahl kep thi fewte Thou maid nane sic speking to me. c 1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 1204 pey haue knowleche of hom¬ ages, seruice, and fewte. 1587 Fleming Contn. Holinshed III . 1362/1 From all debt or dutie of fealtie. 1593 Shaks. Rich. II, v. ii. 45, I am. .pledge for his. .fealtie to the new- made King. 1765 Blackstone Comm. 1 . 367 This obliga¬ tion on the part of the vasal was called his fidelitas or fealty. 1814 Scott Ld. cf Isles ill. viii, Each bent the knee To Bruce in sign of fealty. 1842 Tennyson Morte D'Arthur 75 Not rendering true answer, as beseem’d Thy fealty. 2 . The recognition of this obligation (see quot. 1635). Also pi. Frequent in phrases to do y make, receive, swear, etc. fealty. c 1300 K. Alls. 2911 Alle heo duden him feute. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 3 Ine toke his feaute of alle pat lond helde. 1387 Trevisa Iligden (Rolls) VII. 95 To whom [Swane] |>e men..l>at dwelled at J>e nor|> side of Watlyng strete gefen ostage and sworen feutee. c 1400 Ywaine Sf Gaw. 3762 Sho sal hald hir land of the, And to the tharfor mak fewte. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 38 Prince Edwarde .. received theire homages and feutees..in the name of King Ed warde .iij 1 . c 1489 Caxton^/w of Ay- mon xxvi. 571 They of the londe receyved him to be their lorde &made to him fewt & homage. 1523 Fitzhekb. Snry. 12 These tenauntes maye holde their landes by .. fealtie. 1533-4 Act 25 He 7 i. VIIIy c. 20 § 5 Making, .othe & feautie only to the kinges maiestie. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World 11. 416 Solomon.. received fealtie of all the Princes and People of the Land, a 1626 Bacon Max. $ Uses Coin. La7o (1635) 32 Fealty is to take an oath upon a book, that bee will bee a faithfull Tenant to the King. 1682 Burnet Rights Princes v. 149 The Bishops were also obliged to swear fealty to the Prince. 1855 Milman Lat. Chr. (1864) IV. vn. ii. 58 Where there was no fealty there could be no FEAR. 114 FEAR. treason. 1862 Ln. Brougham Brit. Const. xi. 146 The vassal swore to his baron fealty absolutely. attrib . 1851 Sir F. Palgrave Norm. <$• Eng . I. 359 Henceforward, though Lotharius Impcrator might appear in Charter or Diploma and the fealty-form be preserved to him, his sovereignty in Italy was gone. 3 . transf. and c 1530 Hickscorncr in Hazl. Dodslcy I. 173 We all to him [God] owe fealty and service, a 1536 Calisto <$• Melibxa ibid. 1 .54 The more to God ought I to do fealty. 1591 Shaks. Two Gent. 11. iv. 91 Be-like that now she hath enfranchis'd them Vpon some other pawne for fealty. 1667 Milton P. L. in. 204 Man disobeying Disloyal breaks his feahie. 1681-6 J. Scott Chr. Ljfe( 1747) HI* 276 The Church.. makes a visible Profession of Fealty to him. 1717 E. Fenton Ilomcr Odyss. xi. in Poctns 94 Studious to win your Consort, and seduce Her from chaste Fealty to Joys impure. 1866 Felton Anc. e felde he drou^e for feer. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xii. xxxiv. (1495) 434 The ostryche maye not see the horse wythout fere, c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xxxi. 140 Fals hert myght no}t bere \>e grete drede and fere }>at ]>ai had. 1490 Caxton Eneydos xv. 61 O Jupyter, hast thou, .determyned. .to gyue vs tremoure and feere. 1562 J. Heywood Prov. <$• Epigr. (1867) 9 Feare may force a man to cast beyonde the moone. 1588 A. King tr. Canisius' Catech. 17 He .. may. .without al feir say [etc.]. 1611 Bible Ex. xv. 16 Feare and dread shall fall vpon them. 1671 Milton P. R. iii. 206 Where no hope is left, is left no fear. 1725 Watts Logic 1. vi. § 12 We are in Danger of it [Passion], it raises our fear. 1776 Gibbon Decl. <$• F. I. 303 Fear has been the original parent of superstition. 1809-10 Coleridge Friend (1865) 107 A contract .. might be entered into through fear.. 1875 Manning Mission H. Ghost x. 265 Fear without fortitude degenerates into timidity. b. personified. 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. xii. 12 Next him was Feare, all arm’d from top to toe. a 1650 May Old Couple 11. (1658) 13 Then fear steps in, and tells me [etc.]. 1747 Collins Ode Passions 17 First Fear his hand.. Amid the chords bewilder’d laid. 1817 Coleridge Poems 69 Pale Fear Haunted by ghastlier shapings. c. An instance of the emotion; a particular apprehension of some future evil. a 1616 Beaum. & Fl. Rut. of Malta 11. v, Tender, and full of fears, our blushing sex is. 1701 De Foe True-born Eng. 2 With needless Fears the.. Nation fill. 1874 Morley Compro¬ mise (1886) 36 The old hopes have grown pale, the old fears dim. 1879 Miss Braddon Clov. Foot lx, You need have no such fear. d. A state of alarm or dread. Chiefly in phrase in fear ; also, f To put in (ci) fear , to fall into fear. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 402 po pe Saracens yt yseye, hii were somdel in fere. 1535 Coverdale Esther xiv. 19 Delyuer me out of my feare. 1581 Pettie Guazzo's Civ. Cottv. in. (1586) 159 b, They .. make it a sport to put their children in feare. 1623 Bingham Xenophon 13 They, and Menon himselfe, were put in a feare. 1653 Holcroft Procopius 1.17 The Barbarians, .fell into feare and disorder. 1691 tr. Emiliaune’s Frauds Romish Monks 390 She con¬ tinued..in deadly fears.1736 Butler Anal. 1. iii, This state of fear being itself often a very considerable punish¬ ment. 1771 Mrs. Griffiths tr. Viands Shipwreck 200, I set out forthwith, .in fear and trembling. 3 . This emotion viewed with regard to an object; the state of fearing (something), a. Apprehension or dread of something that will or may happen in the future. Const, of to with inf .; also with clause introduced by that or lest'. a 1300 Body Soul 172 in Map's Poems [MS. Laud 108, fol. 200] Ne thorte us have Trigt ne fer that God ne wolde his blisse us sent. 1538 Starkey England 1. ii. 43 He. .for Fere of daungerys runnyth into a relygyous house. 1568 Grafton Citron. II. 355 They are ever in feare to lose that they have. 1647 Chas. I Let. in Antiquary I. 97 The feare of your being brought within the power of the army. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 459 The. .king might, .with¬ out any fear of opposition from England, proceed to annex Brabant. 1884 Manch. Exam. 20 May 5/2 The fears of a general crisis are passing away. b. esp. in phrase For fear , where in mod. use the sense of the sb. is often weakened ; thus for fearof— l \n order to avoid or prevent’; for fear that or lest (also colloq. with ellipsis of the conj.) = * lest \ When fear in these locutions is intended to have its full sense, through or from is now usually substituted for for. c 1340 Cursor M. 1908 (Trin.) But 3itt bode he seuen dayes in rest For fere lest any damnyng brest. <1489 Caxton Sonnes of Ayn/on xxii. 481 Wene ye that I shall do that ye saye for fere of deth ? 1583 Stubbes Anat. Abus. 11. (1882) 95 To depart. .In the time of plague, .for feare of infection. 1597 Montgomerie Chcrrie 4 Slac 360, I was affrayd to mount sa hich, For feir to get ane fall. 1600 Holland Livy xlix. Epit. (1609) 1238 To depart out of thos6 quarters, .for feare to bee murdered. 1678 Trial of Ireland , Pickering , <$• Grove in Howell St. Trials (1816) VII. 95 Grove would have had the bullets to be champt, for fear that [etc.]. 1693 Dryden Juvenal x. 534 Must we not Wish, for fear of wishing Ill? 1749 Fielding Tom Jones xii. xi, It is good to be charitable to those sort of people, for fear what may happen. 1791 ‘G. Gambado' Ann. Horseni. ix. (1809) 104, I, for fear of the worst, took to my heels. c. Apprehensive feeling towards anything re¬ garded as a source of danger, or towards a person regarded as able to inflict injury or punishment. i 34°-7° Alex. <$• Dind. 346 We ne haue fere of no fon pat faren wi|>-oute. 1382 Wyclif Ge?i. ix. 2 And ^oure feer ..be vpon alle the beestis of erthe. <1420 Citron. Vilod. 3295 For pe grete fore [rime-word euermore] f>e whyche he had b° bere of \>\s virgyn Seynt Ede. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymou iii. 80 But he could do none otherwyse, for feere of Charlemayn. 1600 J. Tory tr. Leo's Africa 11. 9 He stood in feare of the people of Tunis. 1841 Lane Arab. Nts. I. 92, I have an enemy of whom I am in fear. d. A mingled feeling of dread and reverence towards God (formerly also, towards any rightful authority). Wyclif has always drede in this sense. The distinction between servile and filial fear (see quot. i860), in Lat. timor servilis , filialis , is stated (as already generally current) by Thomas Aquinas, Summa 11. 11. xix. c 1400 Solomon's Bk. Wisdom 42 Wite }>i douttren with eye wel, bat ]>ai haue of bo fere. 1535 Coverdale Ecclus. ii. 6 Holde fast his feare, and growe therin. 1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer 75 A perpetuall feare. .of thy holy name. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado 11. iii. 200 He .. vndertakes them with a most Christian-like feare. 1607 Hieron Wks. I. 130 There is a. .slauish feare, and a sonlike feare. 1611 Bible Ps. cxi. 10 The feare of the Lord is the beginning of wise- dome. 1729 Butler Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 82 He is..under no other force, .than the fear of God. 1851 Ruskin Mod. Paint. II. iii. 1. xiv. § 27 That sacred dread of all offence to him, which is called the Fear of God. i860 Pusey Min. Proph. 598 Fear is twofold ; servile, whereby punishment, not fault, is dreaded ; filial, by which fault is feared. 1875 Manning Mission H. Ghost xi. 295 Holy fear is the be¬ ginning of the obedience of the Children of God. 4 . Solicitude, anxiety for the safety of a person or thing. Also in phrase ( for, in) fear of one's life. 1490 Caxton Eneydos xlix. 142 He lept in to one of the shippes. .for grete feer of his lyffe. 1580 Sidney Arcadia (1622) 68 Then care, not feare, or feare, not for themselues, altered .. the countenances of the .. Louers. 1611 Bible •zMacc.xv. 18 The. .principal feare, was for the holy Temple. 1862 Sat. Rev. XIV. 569/2 At a later period, when wandering, in fear of his life, over Italy [etc.]. 5 . In various objective senses. a. Ground or reason for alarm. Chiefly in phrase ( there is) no fear ; now often used as an exclamation. 1535 Coverdale Ps. lii[i]. 5 They are afrayed, where no feare is. 1634 Massinger Very Woma?i iii. i, Give him but sage and butter. .And there’s no fear. 1699 W. Hacke Collect. Orig. Voy. iv. 7 No fear but they might get 2 or 3 thousand Dollards per man. 1861 Times 25 May, ‘ Is there any fear, Captain ? ’ 1887 Money Dutch Maiden (1888)338 He will never go hence, .no fear. fb. Intimidation. Obs. 1426 in Surtees Misc. (1890) 8 Witht oute distresse or fere done to him. t c. Capability of inspiring fear, formidableness. 1601 Shaks. Jul. C. 11. i. 190 There is no feare in him ; let him not dye. 1654 Goddard in Introd. Burtons Diary (1828) 1 . 46 Our wars will have much more reputation and fear, when .. a whole nation will not consent to a war lightly. J* d. An object of fear; something that is, or is to be, feared. In the Bible occas. by a Hebraism, the object of (a person’s) religious reverence, the God of (his) worship. 1535 Coverdale Prov. x. 29 The waye of the Lorde .. is a feare for wicked doers. 1561 Daus tr. Bullinger on Apoc. (1573) 204 Therfore let God be our feare. 1607 Hey¬ wood Woman killed Wks. 1874 II. 100 The rumor of this feare stretcht to my eares. i6ix Bible Gen. xxxi. 53 Iacob sware by the feare of his father Isaac. — Proz>. i. 26, I wil mocke when your feare commeth. 1667 Milton P. L. ix. 285 His [Satan's] fraud is then thy fear. 6 . Comb. a. objective with adj. as fear free ; with pr. pple., as fear-inspiring \ b. instrumental with pa. pples., as fear-broken , - created , - depressed , t -fled, froze , -palsied, -pursued , - shaken , - shook, -smitten, -spurred, -surprised , -tangled , -taught; fear-blast v ., to blast (a person) with fear; fear- struck, -strucken, struck with or overwhelmed by fear; fear-worship, worship resulting from fear. 1593 Nashe Four Lett. Confut. 74, I *fearblaste thee .. with the winde of my weapon. 1647 Fuller Good Th. in Worse T. (1841) 106 Soldiers’ hearts might be *fear-broken by the score of their sins who were no soldiers. 1777 Potter sEschylus 190, Sevefi agst. Th ., Is this a tale of ^fear-created woe? 1597 Daniel Civ. Wars 11. x, *Fear-depressed envie. 1611 Sylvester Du Barias 11. iv. iii. Scltisme 901 Each man hies Vnto the tents of *fear-fled Enemies. a 1679 Earl Orrery Guzman 11 Cannot you give me another [charm] to make me *Fear-free ? 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Gard. I. 123 The demon .. Springs o’er the *fear-froze crew with Harpy-claws. 1812 Crabbe Dumb Orators Tales i, An awe- compelling frown, and *fear-inspiring size. 1842 Sir A. de Vere Song of Faith 252 *Fear-palsied, and his mind scarce half awake. 1798 Sotheby tr. Wieland's Oberon( 1826)1. 53 Nor ceas’d the wight to scamper, ' fear-pursu'd. 1625 K. Long tr. Barclay's A rgenis v. xvi. 381 Then came Selenissas death .. into his *feare-shaken mind. a 1756 Collins Ode on Highlands 119 His *fear-shook limbs have lost their youthful force. 1870 Bryant Iliad II. xvil. 190 Idomeneus, *fear-smitten, lashed The long-maned steeds. <*1626 Dick ofDevonu. v. in Bullen 0 /o none leaue, bute one uort to offeren [v.r. fearen] him. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 6429 For ]>e mynde of ]>am myght men feer. c 1400 Soiudone Bab . 59 Here Bugles boldely for to blowe, To fere the beestis. 1485 Caxton St. Wenefr. 20, I sawe a vysyon whiche moche fered me. 1548 Hall Citron. 166 Women in Fraunce to feare their yong children, would crye, the Talbot commeth. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI , v. ii. 2 Warwicke was a Bugge that fear’d vs all. 1641 Maisterton Serm. 16 An old-wifes tale, fit for nothing but to fear fools, c 1665 Roxb. Ball. VII. 524 Our King must have Seamen..most stout His enemies’ hearts for to fear. 1801 Macneii.l Poet. Wks. (1844)46 If thy slumber's sweet..no dangers can fear me. 1820 Keats Isabella viii, I would not .. fear Thine eyes by gazing. 1872 Lever Ld. Kilgobbvi xviii, Devil fear her! + b. It fears me: =1 am afraid. Obs. 1503 Hawes Examp. Virt. Prol. 2 It fereth me sore for to endyte. 1646 Burd. Issach. in Phenix (1708) II. 287 It feareth me besides, that God is punishing our present Sins. 1813 Hogg Queen's Wake 67 It fearis me muckil ye haif seen Quhat good man never knew. 2 . With pregnant sense. + a. To drive away by fear, frighten away, scare (esp. birds or animals). Chiefly with away. Obs. c 1420 Pat lad. on Husb. 1. 147 Eddres to sleyn & foules oute to fere is. 1504 Atkynson tr .De Imitatione ill. xxvii, Fere away the euyll bestes. 1577 Northbrooke Dicing (1579) 45^i If there were nothing else to feare them away from this play. 1603 Shaks. Meas.forM. 11. i. 2 A scar-crow .. to feare the Birds of prey. 1613 Dennys Sccivts of Angling 11. in Arb. Gamer I. 174 There some great fish doth fear the rest away. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World II. iv. ii. § 7. 152 A Swallow flew about his head .. and could not be feared from him. a 1631 Donne The Storm 52 Wks. 1873 II. 5 Some, .would seeme there, With hydeous gazinge, to feare away Feare. tb. To deter from a course of conduct, etc. Const. from\ also occas. followed by that . . . not . c 1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 109 (title) Speculum de Anti- christo , Hou anticrist & his clerkis feren trewe prestis fro prechynge of cristis gospel. 1393 Langland/\ PI. C. xvm. 285 Eueriche busshope. .sholde .. Feden hem [hus peple].. and fere hem fro synne. 1530 Tindale Gen. Prol. Wks. I. 399 The ensamples.. are written to fear the flesh, that we sin not. 1531 Frith Judgm. Tracy 251 He doth, .fear us from putting any confidence in our own works. 1539 Taverner Erasm. Proz>. (1552) 3 To feare hyin that he .. shulde not prouoke S. Hierom. 1583 Babington Commandm. (1588) 135 Shall it not feare vs from so foule acustome? a 1632 T. Taylor God's Judgem. 1. 1. v. (1642) 184 Their example feared not the Cornishmen from rebelling, f c. To drive by fear to, into. Obs. 1563 Foxe A. Sf M. 788 a, It should somwhat touche them to be sene by werynes of pryson to feare him to ir. X646 J. H all Poems 1. 68 Nor will I .. Lillies feare Into a Iandise, FEAR. 115 II. To feel fear ; to regard with fear. 3 . rejl. (cf. i b) To be afraid. + Formerly const. of. Now only arch, in phrase I fear me. 1393 Gower Conf. I. 294 (Fairfax MS.) So lowde his belle is runge .. That of J>e noise .. Men feeren hem .. Wehnore |>an }?ei don of fonder. 1530 Palsgr. 547/2, I feared me al- wayes that it wolde be so. 1590 Marlowe Edw. II, 11. iv, I fear me he is slain. 1608 S. Ward in Alp. Uss/icr's Lett. (16S6) 26 ,1 fear me, he will hardly get Copies. 1856 R. A. Vaughan Mystics (i86cU I. 167, I fear me that .. some .. earthly love mingles with his friendship. 1859 Tennyson Lancelot <5* Elaine 966 A flash, I fear me, that will strike my blossom dead. 4 . intr. in same sense. t a. To fear ^(rarely at ): = sense 5. c 1400 Destr. Troy 1929 We fors not his frendship, ne fere of his hate. 1509 Barclay Shyp o/Folys (1874) I. 173 He or she that manage doth breke May fere of deth eternal 1 whan they dye. c 1600 Shaks. Sonn. cxv, Fearing of love’s tyranny. 1606 G. W[oodcocke] tr. Hist. Ivstine 97 a, The men. .which feared not at the command of King Phillip. b. with dependent clause : To feel alarmed or uneasy lest (something should happen). (Closely approaching the trans. use with clause; cf. 7 b.) c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xx. 455 He feered sore leste Reynawde sholde make to deye rychard of normandy. 1559 W. Cunningham Cosmogr. Glasse 38, I ever feare lest th’ Earth, .should fall to the other part of the Heavens. 1691 tr. Emilicume's Obs. Jo urn. Naples 135 Fearing lest some Insurrection might be caus'd. 1823 F. Clissold Asc. Mt. Blanc 20, 1 . .feared lest I should drop down. c. simply. (Blends with the absol. use of senses 5 and 7.) Phrase (colloq.), Never fear : = ‘ there ’s no danger of that’. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. i. ii. 108 If she fear. .By this [pale white cheekes] you shall not know, c 1590 Marlowe Faust. Wks. (Rtldg.) 100/1 'Tis but a surfeit; never fear, man. 1611 Bible Gen. 1 . 19 And Ioseph saide vnto them, Feare not. 1651 Hobbes Govt. <5- Soc. i. § 2. 7 To.. take heed, provide so that they may not fear. 1798 Coleridge Anc. Mar. iv. ii, Fear not thou wedding guest! 1800 Cogan Philos. Treat. Passions 1. ii. (1802) 102 As soon as we cease to fear, we begin to hope. 1838 Lytton Lady of Lyons ir. i, I'll find the occasion, never fear! 1888 Mrs. Parr Run¬ aways in Longm. Mag. Apr. 640 I’m not going to blab on myself—never fear ! 1893 Morley in IVestm. Gaz. 19 Apr. 3/2 Those only see aright into the future of civilised com¬ munities who hope—not those who fear. 5 . trails. To regard with fear, be afraid of (a person or thing as a source of danger, an antici¬ pated event or state of things as painful or evil). C1460 Fortescue Abs. <$• Lim. Mon. x, Ther shulde non off hem growe to be like vnto hym; wich thynge is most to be fered of all |?e worlde. 1477 Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 97 Thoo that sawe not yesterday Alexander ferede him gretely, and now thoo that see him fereth him not. 1530 Palsgr. 547/2 He feareth me above all the men lyvynge. 1563 Golding Caesar 30 b, They feared not the enemy, but the narrownes of the wais. 1611 Bible 2 Esdras xii. 13 It shall be feared aboue all the kingdomes that were before it. a 1618 Raleigh Rem. (1664) 116 To fear the losse of the bell, more than the losse of the steeple. 1667 Milton P. L. ix. 282 His violence thou fearst not. 1697 Dryden ZEn. x. 1261 Nor Fate I fear, but all the Gods defy. 1841 Lane Arab. Nts. I. 92 Every.. person whom thou fearest. 1885 Clodd Myths <$• Dr. 11. iii. 155 What man cannot understand he fears. transf. C1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon vi. 149 It [y e castell] fered no sawtyng on no side of it. b. with inf. (vbl. sb., etc.) as object: To hesitate (to do something) through fear of the consequences; f to fear offence = to fear to offend. 1603 Florio Montaigne 563 As if he feared to attediate .. us. 1700 Dryden Cymotes $ Iphig. 114 He ..would have spoke, but .. found his want of Words, and fear’d Offence. 1794 Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xliv, Dorothee. .feared to obey. 1799 tr. Diderot's Natural Sin ii. 26 You feared disturbing our tranquillity. 6. To regard with reverence and awe ; to revere. Now only with God as obi.; formerly in wider sense. a 1400 Prymer (1891) 101 Gretly is thi word fyred. 1526 Tindale Eph. v. 33 Lett the wyfe see that she feare her husbande. 1593 Shaks. Rich. II, 11. i. 52 This.. Wombe of Royall Kings, Fear’d by their breed. 1611 Bible Ps. ciii. 13 The Lord pitieth them that feare him. 1715 De Foe Fain. Instruct. 1. i. (1841) I. 10 If you fear God .. as your father. 1827 Pollok Course T. iv. 135 Who. .feared nought but God. 7 . To have an uneasy sense of the probability of (some unwelcome occurrence in the future) ; to apprehend. Opposed to hope for. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV , 1. i. 87 He that but feares the thing, he would not know Hath .. knowledge from others eyes, That what he feard, is chanc’d. 1759 Johnson Rasselas xxviii, If they have less to fear, they have less also to hope. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 47 London had ceased to fear a foreign foe. b. with subord. clause. To be afraid that (some¬ thing will be or is the case). In negative sentences the clause may be introduced by but or but that — that . . not. Also with direct obj. and to be or simple complement; rarely, with inf. as obj. Also parenthetically. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (\V. de W. 1531) 16 b, I feare sore that many chrysten people .. do as the chyldren of Israel dyd. a 1533 Ld. Berners IInon lxi. 212 Fere not but ye shalbe well payed. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, v. vi. 12 The Theefe doth feare each bush an Officer. 1638 Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. I. 25 Never feare that I will impaire his ill nights. 1658-9 Burton’s Diary (1828) IV. 47, I fear they are troubled with King’s evil. 1667 Milton P. L. i. 628 What power of mind, .could have fear’d, How such united force of Gods.. could ever know repulse. 1692 tr. Zingis 11 He feared with reason to be unable to do any thing for Zingis. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 47, I fear'd it would be. .two hundred I Pounds. 1771 Mrs. Griffith tr. Vitcud's Shipwreck 255, | I fear much that of the sixteen persons.. three only of us have survived. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 225 He might do so without fearing that the Five Mile Act would be enforced. 1857 T rollope Three Clerks v, I fear we are all in your black books. 1863 Fr. A. Kemble Resid. in Georgia 16 The account, .will hardly, I fear, render my letters very interesting. 8. a. + trans. (Perh. originally const, dat. : cf. L. timere alicui). To be apprehensive about, to fear something happening to (obs.). b. In same sense intr. ; const, for , J* of. 1526 Tindale Gal. iv. 11, I feare off you, lest I have bestowed on you laboure in vayne. c 1530 Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 213 Arthur fered his horse, lest that the lyon sholde haue slayne hym. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill, 1. i. 137 His Physitians feare him mightily. 1611 Tourneur Ath. Trag. v. i, If any roote of life remaines within 'em .. feare 'em not. 1651 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 11. i. (1739) 6 The people .. feared their own Free-holds. 1686 Dryden Horace 1. xxix. 10 Let the greedy merchant fear For his ill- gotten gain. 1695 Prior Ode death Q. Mary 47 So much she fears for William’s life. 1841 Lane Arab. Nts. I. 11, I fear for thee that the same will befal thee. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxiii. (1856) 284 note, We feared for his re¬ covery. fc. In iSth c., when the vb. was conjugated negatively, a following negative was often illogic- ally omitted, so that the vb. seems to mean: To apprehend the non-occurrence of (some event). a 1699 Stillingfl. Serm. Wks. 1710 I. 619 We need not fear a gracious answer. 1747 S. Fielding Lett. David Simple I. ii. 63, I liked him, and was so accustomed to the Ad¬ dresses of every Man by whom I was seen, that I did not at all fear his immediately becoming one of my Train. 1771 T. Hull Sir IV. Harrington (1797) iv. 211 If I apply for it, I don’t fear its being granted. + 9 . To regard with distrust; to doubt. Obs. 1578 T. N. tr. Conq. IV. India 16 The governour feared the wisedome and courage of his kinsman. 1607 Topsell Serpents (1653) 681 If a bird it tast .. It dies assured death, none need it fear, 1730-6 Bailey (folio), Fear, .to doubt or question. Fearable (fl»-rab’l), a. rare. [f. Fear sb. + -able.] Giving cause for fear; to be feared. 1886 B. W. Richardson in Asclepiad III. 187 Is virus from a poisoned animal less fearable ? t Fear-babe. Obs. Also 7 erron. fairybabe. [f. Fear v. + Babe.] A thing fit only to frighten a baby. Cf. Scarebabe. 1580 Sidney Arcadia (1622) 299 As for their shewes & words, they are but feare babes. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. iii. 11. ii, All the bugbeares of the night, and terrors and fairy babes of tombes. .are before their eyes. Feard, Feare, obs. Sc. ff. of Fard v ., Fare. Fear e, var. of Fere, Obs., and of Feir, Obs. Sc. Feared (fi®Jd), ppl. a. Forms : 3-6 fer(e)d, (3 ferid, 5 fard, feerd, 6 Sc. feired, ferit), 4-6 ferde, 5-7 feard, (4, 6 comp, and superl. fearder, -est dial. feart, 6 -feared, [f.F karz;. + -ED 1.] + 1 . Affected with fear, frightened, afraid; timid. Const, of for, indicating either the cause of fear, or less frequently ( = about) the object of concern ; with inf. = afraid to (do something). Obs. exc. dial. a 1300 Cursor M. 1834 (Gbtt,) [J?ai] war nohut fered of his manace. 61330 R. BrunneCVzzw/. IVace (Rolls) 1998 Of}?eym bo^e was he nought ferd. c 1340 Cursor M. 2423 (Fairf.) pe kinge was ferde for goddis grame. c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 394 Puple wolde be ferde to dwelle in his servise. c 1386 Chaucer Nun's Pr. T. 566 The veray hogges So fered were for berking of the dogges. C1400 Ywaine <$• Gaw. 2566 Whoso es ferd i rede he fle. c 1400 Destr. Troy 13842 The . .kyng [was] of his lyf feerd. c 1449 Pecock Rcpr. 550 So .. Ferd forto trespace. c 1450 Lonelich Grail lv. 450 The swerd, Of whiche many men was aftyr ferd. 14.. Chester PI. (1847) II. 91 Fearder I never was. 1534 More On the Passion Wks. 1322/1 That passyon.. of which he was so ferd. 1578 Ps. cxxviii. in Gnde <5* G. Ball. 113 Of thy hand labour thow sail eit, be not feird. a 1605 Polwart Flyting 7 v. Mont¬ gomerie 788 Feard flyar.. I sail dunt whill I slay thee. 1650 Baxter Saints’ R. m. xiii. (1662) 506 Conscience grows feared. 1698 Lister in Phil. Trans. XX. 247 They, .would have cropen away in a feared manner. 1715 Wodrcnu Corr. (1843) IL 67 A few such feared fools, as I am reckoned hereabout. 1812 H. & J. Smith Rej. Addr. ix. (1873) *4 What are they fear’d on? 1816 Scott Antiq. xxxix, ‘ I’m maist fear’d to speak to him/ 1828 Hood Lamia iii. 40 Jove ! I was feared. 1869 C. Gibbon R. Gray iii, You’ll no be feart to sail on a Friday.’ 1891 E. Arnold/,/, of World 82 Thyself More feared of Caesar than of wrongfulness. f 2 . Apprehensive, having an uneasy foreboding. Chiefly with clause introduced by lest or that ; rarely const, to with inf. Obs. exc. dial. 1440 Plumpton Corr. 155 He is feard lest they wyll not appeare without a suppena. c 1450 Merlin 27 He was ferde to lese his londe. c 1460 Towneley Myst. 1 Surtees) 116, I am fulle fard that we tary to lang. a 1535 More Sargeant Frere 233 in Hazl. E. P. P. III. 127 Yet was this man well fearder than, lest he the frier had slaine. 1884 J. Purves in Gd. Words Nov. 767/1 ‘ Wives are feared a man gets another sweetheart in six months' time away fra’ hame/ 3. In senses of Fear v. 5 and 7 : Regarded with fear; anticipated or suspected with uneasiness; f apprehensively supposed to be such. 1599 Sandys Europae Spec. (1632) 74 Their professed and feared Enemies, a 1618 Raleigh Prerog. Pari. Ep. Ded. (1628) 2 The fear’d continuance of the like abuse. 1663 J. Spencer Prodigies (1665) 83 Addresses to divert a feared .. displeasure of the Deity. 1719 Wodroiu Corr. (1843) II. 451 The feared stand the success of the gospel is at. 1762 Falconer Shipwr. 11. 380 Pondering in their minds each FEARFUL. fear'd event. 1890 Daily News 8 Sept. 6/7 Feared loss of a Liverpool ship. Hence fFea’redly adv., fearfully, timidly. c 1470 Henry Wallace vn. 255 Ferdly scho ast, ‘Allace ! quhar is Wallace ?’ tFea’rednesS. Obs. Also 3-5 ferd(e)nes(s(e, (3 ferednes, 4 ferdnis, 6 Sc. feirdnes). [f. prec. + -ness.] The condition of being frightened or afraid; terror, fear. Also, rarely, a cause of fright. a 1300 Cursor M. 3996 (Giitt.) Man }?at Jm wil helpe in nede, Ne thar him neuer na ferednes drede. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 2231 Hym in-to wanhope for to bring .. thurgh [?e ferdnes J>at he sal tak. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xxxi. 139 We ware mare deuote .. for ferdeness of deuils j?at ap- pered till vs. c 1450 tr. Girald. Llist. Ireland 10 The slaght of [>ese fewe be ferdnesse to many, c 1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. 83 Hee for fearednesse lies fyled vp the way. 1488 Caxton Chast. Goddes Chyld. 18 Horryble sightes and dredefull ferdnes of wycked spirytes come to some. Fearely, var. of Ferly a. Obs. strange. Fearer (fl°‘rai). [f. Fear v. p -er b] One who fears. 1535 Coverdale John ix. 31 Yf eny man be a fearer of God ..him heareth he. a 1601 C’tess Pembroke Ps. cxix. H, With thy fearers all I hold, Such as hold thy biddings best. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. <$- Commw. Aiij, The Italians .. are fearers of the Spanish greatnesse. 1814 Southey Lett. (1856) II. 350 Calvert was a great fearer .. all through the contest. 1844 Wardlaw Lect. on Prov.. (1869) I. 25 The true fearers of God are sadly in the minority. Fearful (fiouful), a. Forms: 4-5 ferful(l, (4 fervol), 4-6 fereful(l, feerful(l, 4-7 fearefull, 6-7 fearfuli(e, 6- fearful, [f. as prec. + -ful] I. objectively. 1 . Causing fear; inspiring terror, reverence, or awe ; dreadful, terrible, awful. 1340-70 Alisaunder 291 pei lete file to pe flocke ferefull sondes. 1382 Wyclif Gen. xxviii. 17 And [Iacob] dredynge seide, Howe feerful is this place ! c 1400 Destr. Troy 7731 This feerfull freike frusshet into batell. 1461 Paston Lett. No. 400 II. 25 She shuld be. .put in ferfull place, in shortyng of hyr lyve dayes. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon xlii. 140 When he was in dyspleasure, he had a fearfull chere. 1563 W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 10b, A flying Dragon, .very fearefull to looke upon. 1611 Bible Deut. xxviii. 58 Feare this glorious and fearefull Name, the Lord Thy God.^ a 1694 Tillotson (J.), That fearful Punishment, .shall be inflicted on them. 1741 Richardson Pamela (1824) I. 98 My fear- fullest danger ! 1792 S. Rogers Pleas. Mem. 1. 43 At mid¬ night’s fearful hour. 1848 W. H. Kelly tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten. V. II. 90 M. de Choulot. .made him take a. .fearful oath. f b. Const, to, unto. 1548 Hall Chron. 166 As his person was fearfull .. to his adversaries present: so his name. 1625 Purchas Pilgrims 11. 1475 They [Apes] are fearefull. .to Birds that make their nests in Trees. 1658 Cleveland Rustick Rampant Wks. (1687) 418 A Glorious King, fearful to your Enemies, c. Comb .; adverbially as in fearftil-sounding. 1611 Sylvester DuBartas 11. iv. iii. Schismc 1065 If thou their metall by that touch-stone try Which fearfull-sounding from thy mouth doth fly. 2 . Applied to bad or annoying things in intensive sense. Cf. awful , terrible, dreadful, etc. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 39 The .. fearefull stench of the unburied bodies. 1811 Lamb Guy Faux, They make a fearful outcry against the violation of every principle of morality, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xvi. 112 He complained of fearful thirst. 1884 Christian Commw. 21 Feb. 440/1 Their fearful departures from Apostolic practice. b. dial. Enormous in quantity. 1877 N. W. Lincolnsh. Gloss., ‘There’s a fearful lot o’ apples t’ year.’ c. adv. = Fearfully. Obs. in educated use; in some dialects merely intensive = Awful. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 8 In Angola the people are fearfull blacke. 1790 Mrs. Wheeler Westmld. Dial. (1821) 66 He leakt es if he wor fearful weel pleast. 1862 Hamer- ton Painter's Camp I. 42 ‘You see theyve heard tell ..'at there’s a feefil ’ansome young chap.’ II. subjectively. 3 . Frightened, timorous, timid, apprehensive. a. simply. Now somewhat rare. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus n. 450 Criseyde.. was fie ferfulleste wyght That myght be. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvni. vi. (1495) 752 The female lambes ben..more ferefull than the male, c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xv. 361 * Ha, thef.. how ferfull thou art now/ 1586 Marlowe 1st Pt. Tamburl. 1. ii, With their fearful tongues they shall confess, a 1628 Sir J. Beaumont Bosworth F. 783 Gain thou some Hours to draw thy fearful Breath. 1653 Walton A ngler 52 Chubs.. be a very fearful fish. 1672 Dryden Conq. Granada 11. 1. ii, But now my fearful people mutiny. 1702 Addison Dial. Medals x. (1727) 45 Th’ impatient Greyhound . .Bounds, .to catch the fearful Hare. 1773 Mrs. Chapone Improv. Mind (1774) I. iii Women are more fearful than men. 1827 Keble Chr. Year, 3 rd Sunday in Lent, It was a fearful joy..To trace the Heathen’s toil. 1831 Mrs. Shelley Swiss Peasant in ‘ Keepsake. ’125 His fearful family would count in agony the hours of his absence. absol. c 1400 Prymer (E. E. T. S.) 30 Seynte marie, .helpe feerful, and refresche \>e soreuful. b. Const, of (also to with inf.), or with clause introduced by lest or that. c 1360 Vem. MS. Min. Poems 524 pe lattor pou art of good worching pe more feruol pou schalt be of bi-ginnyng. c 1400 Beryn 2971 Beryn and his company wer.. ferefull howe to spede. 1605 Shaks. Lear 1. iv. 225, I .. now grow fearefull. .That you protect this course. 1612 Davies Why Ireland, etc. 270 The Irish are more fearefull to offend the Law. 1630 Johnson's Kingd. <5- Commw. 101 Somewhat fear¬ full of our desperate wanderers. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 207 As a man blindfolded would do his hands when he is fearfull of running against a wall. 1725 Pope Odyss. vi. 173 Fearful to 15-2 FEARFULLY. 116 FEASIBLE. offend. .At awful distance he accosts the maid. 1791 Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest x, Adeline was fearful of observa¬ tion. 1798 Webbe in Owen Wellesley's Desj>. 5, 1 am fearful that .. an attack upon him now is more likely to end in discomfiture. 1827 Hallam Const. Hist. (1876) I. iv. 204 This great minister’s knowledge of the queen’s temper., made him sometimes fearful to act. 1850 Kingsley Alt. Locke i, She would have led me in a string, .so fearful was she lest I should be polluted. 1879 Low Afghan War iii. 279 The Afghan chief, fearful of trying an assault, deter¬ mined to invest the place. fc. Anxious, concerned; with about, ^/"indi¬ cating the object of anxiety or concern. 1535 Coverdale i Sam. iv. 13 His herte was fearfull aboute y° Arke of God. 1590 Marlowe 2nd Ft. Tantburl. 111. v, Thou art fearful of thy army’s strength. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, v. vi. 87 Edward shall be feareful of his life. 4 . Of looks, words, etc. : Indicating or giving signs of fear or terror. 1535 Coverdale 2 Esdras iii. 3, I beganne to speake fearfull wordes to the most hyest. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill , v. iii. 181 Cold fearefull drops stand on my trembling flesh. 1638 Chillingw. Relig. Frot. 1. i. § 7. 35 A wavering and fearful assent. 1791 Mrs. Radcliffe Ron/. Forest ii, Adeline., threw a fearful glance around. 1814 Southey Roderick xiii. 119 Hasty, yet faltering in his fearful speech. + 5 . Cautious, wary. Ohs. 1526 Filgr. Ferf. (W. de W. 1531) 56 Fearefull in pros- perytees and pacyent in aduersytees. 1640 Bp. Reynolds Passions ix, It is fit that .. considering the deceitfulnesse of things, .we should bring a fearful judgement. 1781 Gibbon Decl. <$- F. III. xlviii. 58 The march of the reinforcement was tardy and fearful. 1791 Burke A/>/>. Whigs Wks. VI. 98 Our courts cannot be more fearful, .than prudent. 6 . Full of awe or reverence. 1597 Hooker Feel. Pol. v. Ixvii. (1611) 359 A kinde of fearefull admiration at the heauen. 1602 F. Davison in Farr S. P. Eliz. (1845) II. 323 That I to thy name may beare Fearfull loue. 1879 Farrar St. Paul (1883) 332 Paul saw in him the spirit of loving and fearful duty. Fearfully (fb>ufuli), adv. [f. prec. + -ly -.] I. objectively : With communication of fear. 1 . So as to cause fear ; dreadfully ; terribly. 1526 Filgr. Per-f. (W. de W. 1531) 245 b, The. .impenitent synners .. be .. drawen downe to hell moost terribly or feer- fully. 1586 Cogan Haven Health ccxli. (1636) 272 That hee bee not waked sodainely and fearefully. 1605 Shaks. Lear iv. i. 77 There is a Cliffe, whose.. bending head Lookes fearfully in the confined Deepe. 1641 Hinde J. Bruen xlvi. 148 This wicked fellow.. within three dayes died most feare¬ fully. 1821 Shelley Adonais lv, I am borne darkly, fear¬ fully, afar. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xxv, I was yesterday fearfully undeceived. 2 . To a fearful extent or degree. Often hyper- bolically as a mere intensive : cf. Fearful 2. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick, ii, Smoking fearfully. 1862 Sir B. Brodie Psychol. I/tq. II. iii. 95 The evils arising from the use of alcohol have been fearfully aggravated by the in¬ vention of distillation. 1878 Smii.es Robt. Dick vii. 76 It was fearfully warm. 1878 Mrs. H. Wood Pomeroy Ab. I. 25 Dinner 7 that’s right, I am fearfully hungry. II. subjectively \ With a feeling of fear. 3 . In a manner indicating fear; timidly, in fear. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. iii. 7 They demaunde of him fearfully what he thinketh best for them to do. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. v. iii, I might observe The graver statesmen whispering fearefully. 1658 Cleveland Rustic Ran/pant Wks. (1687) 501 The Abbot .. fearfully summons in his Friends to guard him. 1730 Wesley Wks. (1830) I. 8 Walk as prudently as you can, though not fearfully. 1832 Marryat N. Forster xix, A black head was seen to rise .. fearfully out of the fore-scuttle. f 4 . a. In a state of apprehension or uneasiness; anxiously, b. Cautiously, with hesitation. Ohs. 1586 A. Day Ei/g. Secretary 11. (1625) 28 This pure living (once in manner lost, afterwards recovered and yet stil feare¬ fully kept). 1598 Barret Thcor. JVarresv. i. 147 Whoso- euer shall, .inarch slow or fearefully. c 1610 Sir J. Melvil Men/. (1683) 18 The Spaniards .. compelled our foot to retire fearfully. 1727 Bradley Fam. Diet. s.v. Hunt , His old Hounds, .will hunt leisurely and fearfully. Fearfulness (fieufulnes). [f. as prec. + -NESS.] 1 . The quality of inspiring fear ; dreadfulness. *535 Coverdale 2 Macc. xv. 23 Sende now also thy good angell before vs (o Lorde) in the fearfulnesse. .of thy mightie arme. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholas's Voy. Turkic 11. xv. 50 A great Earthquake .. with horrible fearfulnesse and damage. 1831 Pote Assassins of Paradise 18 Its very fearfulness the sound endeared. 1846 Trench Mirac. xxix. (1862) 410 He beheld death in all its fearfulness. 2 . The quality or state of being affected with fear; timidity, timorousness. Const, of. 1494 Fabyan Chron.vi. clxxxi. 180 The lordes..went vnto the kynge. .and blamed as they durste his ferefulnesse. 1535 Coverdale Ezek, xxx. 13 A fearfulnesse will I sende in to the Egipcians londe. 1562 Turner Baths 8 These bathes, .are good for fearfulnes of the hart. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol.v. § 47 Is it credible that.. our professed fearefulness to ask anything . .should be noted for a popish error. 1651 Davf.nant Gondi- bert 111. 1. 232 With a Lover’s fearfulness he spake. 1666 South Serm. 25 Nov., A third thing .. is fearfulness of., bold, popular offenders. 1727 Swift Gulliver 11. iii. 125, I was frequently rallied .. on account of my fearfulness. 1841 Myers Cath. Th. iv. § 46. 411 We cannot but be protected from all fearfulness of spiritual despotism. Fearing (fi® - rhj), vbl. sb. [f. Fear v. + -ing T] The action of the vb. Fear. a. The being in fear or dread, f an instance of this, To have in fearing : to be in dread of. b. The action of distrusting or doubting; Fan instance of this. In the Lancashire dialect used collect, for ghosts, fairies, goblins, etc. By dialect writers spelt fe{e)orin. 1562 J. Hf.ywood Am <5- Epigr. (1867)44 Decaie of cleane sweepyng folke had in fearyng. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple I si. viii. x. 109 Sending often back his doubtful! eye By fearing taught unthought of treacherie. a 1662 Heylin Laud (166811. 113 Long he had not been in Spain, when there were many fearings of him in the Court of England. 1682 N. O. Boileau'sLutrin 111. 126 Poor Hobhowchin puts you in this fearing. Fearing ifDriij),///. a. [f. as prec. + -ing 2 .] That fears ; often in comb, with prefixed object, as in ghost-, God-fearing : see the sbs. 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer. III. 14 The aristocratic is. .the fearing, while the democratic is the hoping, party. Hence Fearingly adv., fa. in a terrifying manner (obs.) ; b. with fear, timidly. 1556 J. Heywood Spider Sf F. lviii, Which shall make thant ieperd much by affection .. to comfort spiders spightfully Rather then discomfort them thus fearingly. 1820 Keats Lamia 247 Not with cold wonder fearingly But Orpheus- like. 1845 R. W. Hamilton Pop. Edttc. viii. (ed. 2) 198 The Conformist, .fearingly doubted its consequences. + Fea’rlac. Obs. Also 3 far-, ferlac, 4 forlak. [f. Fear sb. (? or v .): see -lock.] Fear, terror. <21225 Auer. R. 306 Kume uor 5 fier efter ferlac. <21225 Leg. Kath. 39 purh fearlac of eisfule Creates. c 1320 Cast . Love 672 Ne ha|? he ferlak for no fo. Fearless (fr>\iles), a. [f. Fear sb. + -less.] Without fear. 1 . Unaffected by fear; bold, intrepid. Const, of; rarely , with inf. <21400-50 Alexander 4993 3°ne is a fereles fotile. 1591 Spenser Tears of Muses 303 Feareles..To tumble. 1603 Shaks. Meas.for M. iv. ii. 151 A man. .fearelesse of what’s past, present, or to come. <2 1639 W. Whately Prototypes 1. xxi. (1640) 249 He .. hath a bold audatious fearlesse heart. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 65 ip 2 The Hero stood as fearless as if invulnerable. 1784 Cowper Task 1. 15 The hardy chief. .Fearless of wrong, repos’d his weary strength. 1820 Keats St. Agnes xxxix, Arise ! my love and fearless be. 1870-4 Anderson Missions Amer. Bd. III. xiii. 218 The fearless missionary spent ten days with these ‘ deceitful and bloody’ men. + b. Without doubt about; confident of. Obs. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 78 He was fearelesse of his establishment in his Fathers Royalties. c. Of the bearing, demeanour, etc.: Showing no sign of fear. 1803 Mackintosh Def. Peltier Wks. 1846 III. 242, I have said, a fearless defence. 1815 — Sp. in Ho. Corn. 27 Apr. ibid. 317 The uncourtly and fearless turbulence of this House. 1848 W. H. Bartlett Egypt to Pal. v. (1879) 116 The Hebrew historian moves over it with a fearless step. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 430 His mien and his language were, .noble and fearless. + 2 . a. Not regarded with fear. b. Giving no cause for fear, free from danger. Ohs. 1599 Sylvester Miracle Peace xxix,Scap’t from ship-wrack . .and. .shiuering on the feareless bank. 1600 Holland Livy xxv. xxxviii. (1609) 578 Men are least, .secured against that which fortune saith is fearelesse. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 988 He [God] can .. make him [Satan] if not usefull, yet fearelesse. 1745 Wakburton Serm. 1 Pet. ii. 17 p. 8 So . .will an honourless King promote the Worship of a fear¬ less God. Fearlessly (fFulesli), adv. [f. prec. + -ly 2.] In a fearless manner ; boldly, intrepidly. 1585 Abp. Sandys Serm. (1841) 441 Happy is he who can fearlessly stand before the Son of God. 1685 Baxter Paraphr. N. T. Matt. x. 27 What I speak to you alone, .that publish fearlesly to all the World. 1774 Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772, 327 In the eagerness of the chace will fear¬ lessly spring over. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick, viii, Mrs. Squeers waged war .. openly and fearlessly. 1856 Kane A ret. Expl. I. xxix. 399 The Esquimaux dog .. encounters the wolf fearlessly. Fearlessness (fieulesnes). [f. as prec. + -ness.] The quality or state of being without fear ; boldness, intrepidity. Const, of. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat, no Their fearelessenesse of earthquakes and deaths argued the truth of their religion. 1628 Wither Brit. Rcmcn/b. iii. 672 Faith hath pow’r to teach men fearlesnesse. <2 1665 J. Goodwin Filled w. the Spirit (1867) 23 The devil, .filling them with, .fearlessness of God. 1736 Butler Anal. 1. ii, There is .. a certain fearlessness, with regard to what may be hereafter. 1752 Johnson Ran/bler No. 194 P 9 They proceed not from confidence of right, but fearlessness of wrong. 1801 Southey Thalal>a iv. xxv, All within Was magic ease, and fearlessness secure. 1839 W. Chambers Tour Holland 14/1 That .. fearlessness of consequences .. leads to positive crime. 1893 C. H. Pearson Nat. Life <5- Char. 278 The old trick of thought that regards fearlessness in word and act as the true virtue of the man. Fea’iTing. nonce-iud. A creature that fears. 1837 Wheelwright tr. Aristophanes , Birds I. 216, I am a Libyan bird, the Pearling called. Fearn(e, obs. and dial, form of Fern. t Fea’rnothing. Ohs. rare. = Fearnought i. 1725 Loud. Gaz. No. 6380/13 Charles Banton .. Spinner and Carder for Fearnothing. Fearnought (fDungt). [f. phrase : Fear v. (in imperative) + Nought.] 1 . A stout kind of woollen cloth, used chiefly on board ship in the form of outside clothing in the most inclement weather, also as a protective cover¬ ing or lining for the outside door of a powder magazine, the portholes, etc. Cf. Dreadnought. 1772 84 Cook Voy. (1790) I. 31 A Magellanic Jacket made of a thick woollen stuff called Fearnought. 1794 Sporting Mag. III. 193 The wadding .. is made of.. fearnaught or shepherd’s cloth. 1836 Sir J. Ross Narr. 2nd Voy. viii. no A skreen lined with fearnought. 1859 F. Griffiths Artil. Man. (1862] 210 A wooden plug covered with fearnought. attrib . 1772-5 Cook Voy. (1777' I. 1. ii. 20, I. .gave to each man the fearnought jacket and trowsers aj lowed them. 1825 J. Neal Bro. Jonathan II. 77 A ragged fear-naught great¬ coat. 1882 N ares Seamanship (ed. C) 96 It is passed through fearnought shoots. 2 . dial. (See quot.) 1883 AImondbiiry Gloss. (E.D.S.), Fearnought , a machine for mixing wool, shoddy, and mungo before putting upon the condenser. 3 . A drink to keep up the spirits. 1880 L. Wallace Bcn-Hur iv. x. 231 This is the fear- naught of the tentmfen. Fearsome (fl°\is£m), a. [f. Fear v. or sb. + -some.] 1 . Fear-inspiring; frightful, dreadful. 1768 Ross Helenore 3722 The foremost looks a fearsome chiel. 1816 Scott Old Mori. xxxii, War’s a fearsome thing. 1842 Barham Ingol. Leg., Nell Cook , The masons three .. saw a fearsome sight. 1871 M. Collins Mrq. <5* Mcrch. I. viii. 236 Iron fencing, .with fearsome spikes at the top. Comb. 1815 Scott Guy M. xxxix, ‘ A muckle stoor fear¬ some-looking wife she was as ever I set een on.’ 112. ? erron. Timid, apprehensive, frightened. 1863 A. Fonblanque Tangled Skein III. 205, I was. .fear¬ some of this very danger. 1871 B. Taylor Faust (1875) I. viii. 120 I’m but a silly, fearsome thing ! Hence Fearsomely adv., in a fearsome manner, a. So as to excite fear. b. Timidly. Fea r¬ someness, the quality of being fearsome, a. Dreadfulness ; terror. U b. Timidity. 1876 B. L. Farjeon Love's Victory ii, He looked about him fearsomely. 1883 Daily News 5 July 5/2 A prisoner .. as fearsomely exciting as the elegant baron of fiction. 1891 T. Hardy Tess 1. xii, The fact, .lent Tess’s supposed position, by its fearsomeness, a far higher fascination. 1893 Black White ii Mar. 286/2 The women, .were hiding fearsomely in their innermost rooms. 1893 Daily Neivs 6 June 3/4 There is even a fearsomeness in her expression, as if she dreaded to move. t Fea’sance. Obs. Also 6 fesaunce. [ad. AF. fcsance, - aunce, faisaunce (Fr. f usance), f. faire to do. Cf. Malfeasance, Nonfeasance.] The doing or execution of a condition, obligation, feudal service, etc. 1538 tr. Littleton's Tenures v. 76 a, This is nat proued that the fesaunce of the condycion .. oughte to be made vppon the lande. 1642 tr. Perkins' Prof. Bk. x. § 673. 292 For the scowring of a ditch or for the covering of a house .. he shall not have an assise because they lie only in feasance. 1741 T. Robinson Gavelkind i. 3 Under this Term [Gavel] were comprehended all Socage Services whatsoever which lie in Render or Feasance. Fea •ser. A provincial name for the Arctic Cull (Montagu Ornith. Diet. 1866). t Fea’setraw. Obs. Also feas-, festraw(e. [A corruption of festue, Fescue, influenced by Straw.] = Fescue (see quots.). 1595 G. Markham Trag. Sir R. Grinuile xxiii, [She] with her eyes festrawe points a Storie. 1611 Florio, Fcstuca, a feskue or feasetraw that children vse to point their letters. 1638 Featley Struct, in Lyndon/astigem I. 198 To set up a man of straw, and push him downe with a festraw. 1648 tr. Sena//It's Paraphrase upon Job 408 Those Stones, .make as little impression upon his body, as a feastraw would which the hand of a childe should push. 1660 S. Fisher R//sticks Alarm iii. iii. 98 A. .Type, Figure, Festraw, or Finger, that points [etc.]. Feasibility (fz'zibUIti). [f. next + -ity.] The quality or fact of being feasible. 1 . Capability of being done ; practicability. 1624 T. James in Abfi. Ussheds Lett. (1686) 308 If he did turn away his mind wholly from Chelsey, 1 durst presume of more fasibility [s/c] and possibility here of doing good. Ibid. 331 To give proof of the faisibility [«V] of the Work to the common profit of the Church. 1652 Heylin Cosmogr. App. 106 The Excellency and feasibility of his invention. . 1606 Birnie Kirk-Buriall vii, \Ve mumchance and mour- gean in such dilicate duilles, better feated for wowing nor woing. 1682 N. O. Boileau's Lutrin in. Argt., Yet for all’s Feating, The proof of th' Pudding’s seen i' th’ eating. Feateous, var. form of Featous a., Ohs. Feather (fc’ffaj), sb. Forms: a. 1, 2 fetter, 3 south, vetter, 2-5 feperie, -ir, 4-6 feder, 5 fedder, 5 fedyr, 4-6 fether, 6- feather. / 3 . 1 fitter(e, fytter(e, 2 fi-, fytter, 2, 4 fyper. [Com. Tent. OE. pi-Scr str. fem. = OS . fethara (Du. veder, veer), OHG. fedara (MHG. vcder(e, mod.G. feder), ON. fiipr (Icel. fjbtSr, Da. fjeder, Sw. fjdder )OTeut. *fepra pre-Tcut. *petrd fem., corresponding (exc. as to declension) to Gr. nTtpbv wing, f. root *fet-, whence Skr. pat, Gr. neTtodai to fly. With this word in ME. was to some extent confounded its derivative fiSere neut., wing (:—pre- Eng. type *fiptjo-m ), the examples of which are therefore placed here.] I. As an appendage. 1 . One of the epidermal appendages of a bird, usually in the form of a central shaft or midrib, of a homy nature, in part tubular, for the rest square in section and solid, fringed on either side with a ‘ vane’, i.e. a row of thin narrow plates mutually adpressed (the * barbs ’), which form a rounded outline at the end. Often preceded by some quali¬ fying word, as contour-, covert-, pin-, quill- etc. feather. In pi. also Plumage. a 1000 Phoenix 145 (Gr.) priwa ascsecett fe 3 re flyhthwate. <11223 Ancr.K. 140 Ase brid pet haue 3 Intel uleschs & monie ue 3 eren. <11230 Owl <$• Night. 16S8 Ne schal .. a wrecche feper on ow bileve. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xv. •73 P e pokok and pe popeiay with here proude federes. 1440 Provtp. Parv. 152/2 Fedyr, penna, pluma. 1508 Fisher Whs. (1876) 154 She proyneth & setteth her feders in 01-dre. 165s Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. (1746) 171 The best part of a Duck are his Feathers. 1748 F. Smith Voy. Disc. N.- 1 V. Pass. I. 155 The whole Feathers (excepting the Pinion Feathers, and the large Feathers of the Tail) are double. 1870 Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. 309 A feather consists of three parts, the quill, the shaft, and the vane. b. In various fig. expressions : f Two feathers out of a goose : a very small part of anything, t To gain more feathers : (of a rumour) to assume larger proportions, f To pick feathers off (a person) : to plunder, f To pull the feathers off (a person's fame): to detract from. To smooth one's rumpled feathers-, to recover one’s equanimity. To find a white feather in one's tail ; to mount, show the white feather : (in allusion to the fact, that a white feather in a game-bird’s tail is a mark of inferior breeding) to perceive, show signs of cowardice. To crop the feathers of-, to strip of bravery and pomp. c 1430 Lydg. Bochas 1. xii. (1544) 24 a, Of his good fame she gan the feders pull. 1600 Holland Livy tx. xxxviii. (1609) 342 The brute, .got more feathers still as it flew. 1677 Yarranton Eng. Imprm:. 24 All that is desired is but two Feathers out of their Goose. Ibid. 25 The Lawyers Ob¬ jections are only made.. that they may pick some more Feathers off him. 1823 On Bull-baiting I. ( Houlston Tracts I. xxvii. 4), I’ve long guess'd, .that we should find a white feather in thy tail. 1827 Pollok Course T. v. 1001 Vanity, With a good conscience pleased, her feathers cropped. 1829 Scott Jrttl. 15 April, No one will defend him who shows the white feather. 1849 Dickens Barn. Budge lix, ‘-’ said Simon, as he smoothed his rumpled feathers. 1856 Reade Never too late xvi, You. .tempt a.. sick creature to mount the white feather. c. Proverb. 1714 Mandeville Fab. Bees (1723) I. 130 Fine feathers make fine birds. d. transf. 1784 Cowper Task v. 26 The bents .. fledged with icy feathers, nod superb. 1821 Shelley Prometh. Unb. iv. 221 Its plumes are as feathers of sunny frost. 2 . collect. Plumage; also transf. (of plants) ; and in fig. sense: Attire, ‘get-up’. All fowls in feather = birds of all feather. c 1400 Destr. Troy 343 All fowles in Aether fell pere vppon. a 1400-50 Alexander 5604 par fand pai bridis. .Of fe|?ir fresch as any fame, a 1634 Randolph A myntas 11. iii. What’s their Feather? 1842 Tennyson Talking Oak 269 All grass of silky feather grow. 1842 G. Darling in Proc. Beriu. Nat. Club II. 10 Which proved to be the male in tolerable feather and condition. 1855 Thackeray New- comes II. 34, I saw him in full clerical feather. b. In fig. phrases. In Jine, good, high, etc. feather : in good condition of health, spirits, etc. Of the weather : High feather— brilliant condition. + A man of {the first) feather : one of (very) showy parts. To cut out of all feather : to take all 1 the shine ’ out of. 1592 Nashk P. Pcnllesse Wks. (Grosart) II. 78 You shall heare a Caualier of the first feather. 1667 Dryden Maiden Queen v. i, A man of garniture and feather is above the dispensation of the sword. 1844 Dickens Marl. Cknz. (Househ. ed.) 416/2 Todgers’s was in high feather. 1852 R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tourx iii. 65 Our friend..was now in good feather; he had got a large price for his good-for-nothing horse. 1855 Dickens Dorrit xxxii, I’m in wonderful feather. 1865 Scott in Reader No. 121. 452/3 She cut me out of all feather. 1873 Edwardes & Merivai.e Life Sir H. Lawrence I. 389 Havelock in great feather showed us round the fields of battle. 1878 T. Hardy Return of Native i. (1879) 10 In summer days of highest feather. 1886 Baring-Gould Court Royal xxiv, Never was Mr. Rigsby in finer feather than at Court Royal. c. Description of plumage; species (of bird). Often transf. in phrases of the same, that , every, etc. feather: =of the same, etc. kind or character. Proverb, Birds of a feather flock together. 1581 J. Bell Haddon's A nsw. Osor. 300 A Byrd of the same feather. 1599 Minsheu Sp. Gram. 83 Birdes of a feather will flocke togither. 1607 Shaks. Timon I. i. 100, I am not of that Feather, to shake off My Friend when he must neede me. 1608 Day Hum. out of Br. iv. iii, A whole brood of signets, and all of a feather. 1611 Cotgu. s.v. Alaine , A bird of his owne feather. 1645 Rutherford Tryal < 5 * Tri. Faith (1845) 60 Fowls of a feather flock together. 1650 R. Stapylton Strada's Lino C. Warrcs v. 121 Many of the Covenanters were birds of the same feather. 1665 J. Spencer Vulg. Prophecies 70 He knows good men are soonest decoyed by those which seem of a feather with themselves. 1767 S. Paterson Another Travellerl II. 48 Four hundred and fifty of them, .will he of the misjudging feather. 1827 Pollok Course T. v. 328 Birds of social feather, helping each His fellow’s flight. 1829 Carlyle Misc. (1857) L 2 7 2 Literary quacks of every feather. 1878 Browning La Saisiaz 4 Ferns of all feather. + 3 . Used in pi. for: Wings. Obs. [Cf. L. pennx .; the pi. fefiera was so used in OE., but some of the examples in 12-14th c. prob. belong to OE.fldere wing.] £■850 Martyrology Fragrn. in O.E. Texts (1885) 177 pa hi baeron to heofonum mid hiora fiSraflyhte. c888 K.^Elfred Booth, xxxvi. § 2 Ic haebbe swi|>e swifte fepera. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt, xxiii. 37 Swa seo henn hyre cicenu under hyre fyfieru [c 1160 Hatton fi[>era] £egadera 5 . c 1200 Vices /. Hist. Astron. 83 Feather- plumes or aigrettes. 1755 Johnson, *Featherseller, one who sells feathers for beds. 1883 F. M. Crawford Mr. Isaacs ii, Small head, small feet, and ^feather-tailed. 1883 Gd. Words 113 Gorgeous articles of native dress *feather- tasseled, shell-fringed, coral-beaded. 1884 Browning Fe- rishtah (1885) 122 Snow, * feather-thick, is falling while I feast. 1878 Bell Gegenbauer's Comp. Anat. 419 The ar¬ rangement also of these first rudiments of the feathers in definite areas (*feather-tracts, pterylia). 1861 Bentley Manual Bot. 152 * Feather-veined .. In these the midrib gives off lateral veins which proceed at once to the margins and are connected by numerous branching veinlets. 1876 H. Balfour in Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) IV. no Veins going directly to the margin and forming feather-veined leaves (Oak and Chestnut). 1883 W. C. Russell Sailor's Lang., Leather-white sea, said of the sea when covered with foam. 1600 Holland Livy x. xxix. (1609) 373 b, Opposing their targuets before them, raunged and joined one over another * feat her wise. 19 . Special comb.; feather-alum, see Alum 4 ; feather - bird dial., the Whitethroat {Sylvia cinerea) ; feather-boarding, a covering of boards which thin off towards the lower edge, and over¬ lap like a bird’s feathers ; feather-bog, a quag¬ mire, dial. (Halliwell 7847); feather-brain, a person with a light or weak brain, whence feather¬ brained a. y foolish, giddy; feather-cling, Sc., a disease among cattle ; feather-cloth (see quot.) ; + feather-cock, a coxcomb; + feather-driver, (i a ) = Quill-driver, (b) f one who cleanses feathers by whisking them about 9 (J.); feather-duster, a brush made of feathers, used for dusting; feather¬ eyed, ?having a ‘feather’ (12a) in one’s eye; feather-foot, a foot as light as a feather, in quot. fig. ; j* feather-glory nonce-wd., light and tran¬ sitory glory; feather - heeled a. = Feather - footed; feather-joint (see quot.) ; + feather- lock, Sc., a spring-lock; feather-mail, the dress of feathers resembling a coat of mail worn by the Indians of Mexico, prior to the Spanish conquest; feather-monger, one who deals in feathers, also transf. of a bird; feather-mosaic, patterns worked in feathers; feather-ore Min. (see quot. 1863); feather - painting, the art of using feathers of various colours in place of pigments; feather- pated a. — Feather-headed ; + feather-peeper, ? tips of feathers decorating a headdress; feather- pie (see quot.); feather-poke, ( a ) a bag of feathers, (b) applied to the Willow Warbler {Phylloscopus trochilus), the Long-tailed Titmouse (A credit la rosea), and the Wren (Motacilla troglodytes ), per¬ haps from the appearance of their nests ; feather- process (see quot.); feather-pulp, the pulp or matrix from which the feather is formed ; feather- shot copper (see quot.); feather-spray (see quot.) ; feather-spring, the spring in a gun-lock which causes the sear, which holds the hammer at full or half cock, to catch in the notch of the tumbler ; j* feather-staff, a light kind of halbert; feather - star, a star - fish (Comatula rosacea ); feather - stick, a stick covered with feathers; feather-top, nickname of a parrot (also attrib.— next) ; feather-topped a., (of a wig) frizzed at the top (see Feather sb. 11) ; feather-tuft, an edible mushroom, Clavaria cristata (Hay Brit. Fungi (1887) 234); J* feather-wife, a woman whose duty it was to prepare feathers for use; f feather-worker, one who prepares feathers. Also Feather - bed, Feather-edge, Feather-footed a., etc. a 1693 Urquhart Rabelais in. Iii. 425 Do not here instance in competition with this Sacred Herb the ^Feather Allum. 1863-72 Watts Diet. Chem. II. 617 Feather-alum, a name applied to native hydrated sulphate of aluminium, .and to native iron-alum or halotrichite .. both of which occur in delicate fibrous crystals or masses. 1885 Swainson Prov. Names Brit. Birds 23 * Feather bird. 1846 Worcester (citing Loudon )* Ecather-boat'ding. 1839 Carlyle Chartism x. 181 Poor palpitating *featherbrain. 1820 Scott Monast. xvi, Such a *feather-brained coxcomb as this. 1841 Emerson Led., Conservative Wks. (Bohn) II. 269 Your opposition is feather-brained and over-fine. 1799 Highland Soc. Ess. II. 218 *Eeather Cling .. is occasioned by want of water in very dry summers or in the hard frosts of winters. 1882 Caulfeild & Saward Diet. Needlework, *Feather Cloth, a mixture of cloth and feathers woven together. 1612 tr. Benvenuto's Passenger 19 Muskats, syrenists, *feather- cockes. 1593 Nasiie Four Lett. Confut. K 1 b, The onely *feather-driuer of phrases and putter of a good word to it when thou hast once got it. 1713 Derham Phys. Theol. vi. vii. 152 note, A Feather-Driver who had these Blad¬ ders filled with the fine Dust or Down of Feathers. 1858 Simmonds Did. Trade, *Feather-duster. c 1600 Day Bcgg. Beduall Gr. 11. ii, So *feather-ey’d ye cannot let us passe in the kings high way? 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 209 The breeze with *feather-feet, Crimping o’er the waters sweet. ^ 1626 Bp. Andrewes Serm. (1856) I. 31 Glory, not like ours here *feather-glory. ?i6.. Songs Loud. ’Prentices (Percy Soc.) 66 The *feather-heel’d wenches that live by their owne. 1840 Hood Up the Rhine 100 The wit of the Germans is not feather-heeled. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech.,* Feather-joint, a mode of joining the edges of boards by a fin or feather let into opposite mor¬ tises on the edges of the boards. 1478 Ad. Audit. 82 That Schir Thone..pay for .. a *fethir lok xviii d. 1843 Prescott A/exico (1850) I. 363 The like colours on the ’feather-mail of the Indians, showed that they were the warriors of Xicotencatl. 1599 Nashe Lenten Stuffe 51 Some fowler with his nets, as this host of Tether mongers were getting up to ride double, inuolued or intangled them. 1767 S. Paterson Another TravellerI II. 147 The open- hearted feather-monger. 1843 Prescott Mexico (1850) 1 .153 The arts of working in metals, jewelry, and *feather-mosaic. 1767 Seiferth tr. Gcllert's Metal. Chem. 41 * Feather ore consists of the smallest capillary-like feathers. 1863-72 Watts Did. Chem. II. 617 Feather ore, this name is applied to the capillary form of native sulphantimonite of lead. 1843 Prescott Mexico (1850) 1 . 123 Count Carli is in raptures with a specimen of ^feather-painting which he saw in Strasbourg. 1820 Scott Ivanhoe xxxiv, The * feather-pated giddy mad¬ men. 175^ Mrs, Delany Life <$• Corr. (1861 ) III. 467 Madame Godineau in a round card cap of black lace .. it was a pity ‘ * feather-peepers * were not added to the cap. a 1825 For by Voc. E. Anglia, * Feather-pic, a hole in the ground, filled with feathers fixed on strings, and kept in motion by the wind. An excellent device to scare birds. 1559 Wills 4 hiv. N. C. (Surtees) 170 Two * feder poks, two payre of harne sheits, two couerletts. 1837 Bywater Sheffield Dial. (1877) 193 It’s just loik thrustm yer hand up to't rist into a feather poke nest. 1877 N. W. Line.* Gloss., When it snows we say ‘ t’owd woman is shackin’her feather-poke’. 1885 Swainson Prov. Names Brit. Birds 26 Willow warbler .. Feather poke. Ibid. 32 British Long-tailed Titmouse.. Feather poke. 1888 Sheffield Gloss ., Feather poke, the wren. 1878 Bell Gegenbauer's Comp. Anat. 419 The first sign of the feather is the growth of the knobs into papilliform processes (*feather-processes). 1859 T odd Cycl. Anat. V. 480/1 On the surface of the *feather-pulp a series of ridges are developed. 1869 Eng. Mech. 31 Dec. 388/1 Bean..and *feather shot copper [is made] by pouring [melted copper] into cold water. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., * Feather spray, such as is ob¬ served at the cutwater of fast steamers, forming a pair of wing feathers. 1807 Sporting Mag. XXIX. 207 Mr. Mere¬ dith’s pistol had no 4 feather spring. 1833 Regul. Jnstr. Cavalry 1. 95 The Recruit.. is to take it .. near the lock, his little finger touching the feather-spring. 1622 F. Mark¬ ham Bk. War iv. iv. 135 The only weapons for a Captaine, are a faire *Feather-stafle in the time of Peace. 1862 Ansted Channel I si. 11. ix. (ed. 2) 237 The *feather-star (Comatula 7-osacea ), represents the crinoids. 1824 Burchell Trav. II. 579 The * feather-stick often renders the natives important service. 1891 Scott. Leader 24 Oct. 4 The antique *feather-top screamed the same phrases twelve months ago at Mr. Colston. X785 Mrs. Bennet Juv. In¬ discretions (1786) I. 185 His nice Teather-top-wig. 1774 Foote Cozeners 1. Wks. 1799 II. 158 His wig .. white as a curd, *feather-topped, and the curls as close as a cauliflower. 1788 V. Knox Winter Evett. III. vii. i. 4 Divest them of their feather-topt wigs, their gowns and cassocks. 1867 Lady Llanover Good Cookery 53 As soon as the feathers were dry, they were taken away by the *featherwife. 1552 Huloet, *Fetherworcker, piumarius. b. In various plant-names as Feather-bow = Feverfew ; Feather-Columbine (see quot. 1878— 86); Feather-fern (see quot. 1882); Feather-foil, the water violet (Hottonia falustris ); Feather¬ grass, a perennial feathery grass (S/if a pennata ); Feather-moss, the name of a genus (Hypnuni) of British mosses; Feather-top Wild Campion (see quot. 1597); Feather-top grass (see quot. 1878-86). 1880 E. Cornwall Gloss., * Feather low, fever few, Matri¬ caria parthenium. 1878-86 Britten & Holland Plant-n., *Feather. .Columbine. .A frequent book-name for Thalic- trum agitilegi/olium L. an old.fashioned garden plant. 1882 Friend Devon. Plant-n., *Feather Fern, Spirsea Japonica L. 1776 Withering Bot. Arrangem. Vegetables 115 *Featherfoil. 1861 Miss Pratt Flosver. PI. IV. 219 Common Water-Violet, or Featherfoil. *875 Anderida I. viii. 155 His paddle .. hung in the stems of water-crowfoot and featherfoil. 1776 Withering Bot. Arrangem. Vege¬ tables 44 * Feathergrass. 1861 Miss Pratt Flower PI. VI. 66 Order Gramineae. .(Common Feather-grass). 1776 Withering Bot. Arrangem. Vegetables 680 *Feathcrmoss, Hypnum. 1854 Stark Brit. Mosses 228 Hypnum Triclw- jnatioides .. (Blunt Fern-like Feather Moss'. Ibid. 229 Hypnum Complanatum .. (Flat Feather Moss). 1597 Gerarde Herbal 1. vi. § 2. 8 In English a Bent, or -Feather-top grasse. Ibid. 11. exxi. § 9. 385 Lychnis P linn aria, *Fethertop wilde Campion. 1678 Littleton Lat. Did. s. v. Princes, Feather-top grass. Gramen tomentosum arundinaceum. 1878-86 Britten & Holland Plantm., Feathertop Grass, Calatnagrostis Epigcjos. Feather (fe’ftai), v. Forms : 4-5 feder, -ir, -yr, 6 fedder, 4 feper, 4-6 fether, 6- feather. Also with prefix 1 gefifterian ; pa. pple. (senses I, 2) 3 ivi'Sered, 4 yfepered, 6 yfethred. [OE. gefifirian, f. the sb., to which it has been assimilated in form from 14 th c.] I. To cover or furnish with feathers, f 1 . trans. To give wings to; to ‘wing’ for flight, lit. and fig. Obs. c 888 K. ZElfred Boeth. xxxvi. § 1 Ic sceal aerest \>\n mod SeflSerian. 1387 Trevisa Higdoi (Rolls) VII. 223, I not by what craft he fepered his feet and his hondes, for he wolde flee in Dedalus his wise. 1534 Whittinton Tullyes Offices 111. (1540) 160 Oh stable truthe: faythfulnesse fethered to flyetoheuen. £1611 Chapman Iliad u. 139 Horse slaughter’d horse, Need feather’d flight. 1634 Ford P. Warbeck iii. i. The Cornish, .flew Feather’d by rage, a 1657 R. Loveday Lett. (1662) 204 The Polonian Story, .perhaps may feather some tedious hours, c 1825 Beddoes Poems, Second Brother II. ii, Blessings of mine Feather your speed ! 2 . To fit (an arrow) with a feather. a 1225 A7icr. R. 60 Aseearewe [>aet is ivicSered. c 1380 Sir Fern mb. 2728 Dartes y-fe}>ered wij? bras, c 1400 Rom. Rose 942 Ten brode arrowes held he there.. But they were., feathered aright. 1530 Palsgr. 547/1, I feder a shafte, as a fletcher doth, a 1577 Gascoigne Wks.( 1587) 185 Be his flights yfethred from the goose Or peacocks quils. 1599 Hayward 1st Pt. Hen. IV, 60 The King having feathered these arrowes against his owne brest, passed foorth [etc.J. 1668 Dryden Evening's Lcn>e 1. ii, Cupid’s arrow was well fea¬ thered. 1712 Arbuthnot Joint Bull in. v, An arrow feathered with his own wing. 1821 Byron Sardan. iv. i. 90 Shaft-heads feather’d from the eagle’s wing. FEATHER, 121 FEATHER-EDGE fig. a 1340 Hampoi.e Psalter xvii. 16 His aruys, that is his apostles, .for thai ere fe[>erid wij> vertus. 1393 Langl. p. PI. C. xxiii. 118 Manye brode arwes, Were fetherede with faire by-heste ! 1631 Massinger Believe as you list II. ii, All arrowes in thy quiver feathered with Sclanders. 1665 J. S fencer Vulg. Prophecies 77 Language, feathered with soft and delicate phrases, and pointed with pathetical accents. 1721 Ramsay Cupid thrmun into S. Sea iv, With transfers a f his darts were feather'd. 1835 Lytton Rienzi III. iii, Whose arrow was not feathered by sadness. 3 . To clothe or provide with feathers ; to furnish with plumage ; to deck or adorn with, or as with, feathers; to form a feather-like covering or adorn¬ ment for. 1483 Calk. Angl. 124/2 To Fedyr ,pcnnarc,plumare. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. 111. xlii. 54/2 These gentell byrdes had pyte on hym and fethered hym agayne. 1618 N. Field Amends for Ladies v. ii, A branch of willow feathering his hat. 1622 Bacon Hen. VII, 111 The King cared not to plume his Nobilitie.. to feather himselfe. x8io Scott Lady 0/ L. 1. xiv, A wildering forest feathered o’er His ruined sides. 1833 Ht. Martineau Cinnamon <$• Pearls i. 19 With more than her usual fancy did she feather with cocoa-nut leaves the poles of bamboo, a 1843 Southey Doctor iii. (1862) 14 A craggy hill, feathered with birch, sheltered it from the north. 1864 Burton Scot Ahr. I. iii. 140 He sought to feather his hat with.. French plumage. 1878 Bell Gegenbauers Comp. A not, 134 The stalk .. retains some of its primitive character by being feathered. + b. To decorate (a person) with the projecting feather of an arrow ; hence to pierce, wound. Also, To bury (an arrow) up to the feather. Obs. 1415 Pol. Poems (Rolls) III. 125 Thei felle to grownde, Here sydes federed. 1577 Harrison England 11. xvi. <1877) I. 279 An other [arrow should haue beene] fethered in his bowels. 1589 Greene Mertaphon (Arb.) 38 A man of meane estate, .being feathered with Cupidis bolt. + c. Pass. To be covered with white waves. 1749 F. Smith Voy. Disc. N.-W. Pass. II. 251 The Sea was feathered with a strong Tide. 4 . refl. and intr. for refl. Of a bird : To get its feathers, to become fledged. ? Obs. exc. dial. c 1450 Bk. Hawkyng in Rcl. Ant. I. 298 Thou seist hym [your young hawk] hym begyn to feder. i486 Bk. St. A Ibans A ij a, When they bene vnclosed and begynneth to feder any thyng of lengthe. 1577 B. Googe HeresbacK s Husb. iv. (1586) 169 They that meane to fatte Pigions .. doo sever them when they be newly feathered. 1659 I). Pell Improv. Sea 118 The Vulture .. beholds her young to thrive and feather. 1790 A. Wilson Discons. Wren Poet. Wks. (1846) 98 A' safe and weel about our nest, An’ them quiet feath’ring laid ! 5 . To cover with feathers, a. internally : To line with feathers, in phr. To fcalker one's nest : to avail oneself of opportunities for laying up wealth, to enrich oneself. 1583 Stubbes Anat. Abus. ir. (1882) 38 By this meanes .. they feather their nests well inough. 1612 T. Taylor Comm. Titus i. 7 Yet all this worke is neglected, that his owne neast may be well feathered. 1658 Osborn Jas. I Wks. (1673) 514 He might have feathered his Family better than he did. 1753 Smollett Ct. Fathom (1784) 41/2 His spouse .. was disposed to feather her own nest, at the expence of him and his heirs. 1876 F. E. Trollope CharmingFellow III. xii. 149 Maxfield has feathered his nest very consider¬ ably. b. externally: To coat with feathers; more fully, To tar awl feather (see Tar v.). 1774 Foote Cozeners iii. Wks. 1799 II. 194 You wanted to send me to be feathered abroad. 1829 W. H. Maxwell Stories of Waterloo, F. Kennedy 205 The population were amusing themselves, .in. .feathering tithe proctors. + 6. Of a cock: To cover with outspread feathers; to tread. Obs. c 1386 Chaucer Nuns Fr. T. 357 He fetherid Pertelote twenty tyme, And trad as ofte. 1700 Dryden Fables, Cock $ Fox 70 Ardent in love. .He feather’d her a hundred times a day. t 7 . ? To touch with or as with a feather; to touch lightly. Obs. rare~ l . a 1225 After. R. 200 per ich fecSri on, awurSeS tene o 3 er tweolue. II. To present or give (to anything) the appear¬ ance of feathers. 8 . intr. To move, wave or float like feathers; to grow, extend in a feathery form. 1770T.W11ATELY Mod. Gardening 197 A noble wood crowns the top, and feathers down to the bottom of a large, oval, swelling hill. 1797 G. Colman Br. Grins, Maid of Moor iii, The snow came feathering down. 1820 Scott Mon cist, ii, Little patches of wood and copse.. feathering naturally up the beds of empty torrents. 1857 S. Osborn Quedah xxiv. 356 The graceful palm, the plantain, and pandanus. .feathering over the edge of a beetling clilf, as if they were ostrich- plumes. 1864 Tennyson En. Ard. 540 Her full-busted figure head Starred o’er the ripple feathering from her bows. 1881 Blackmore Christoivell iv, Like the wave and dip of barley feathering to a gentle July breeze. b. U.S. Of cream : To rise upon the surface of tea, etc. like small flakes or feathers. 1860 Bartlett Diet. Amer., The cream feathers. 1889 in Farmer Americanisms. 1890 Critic 21 June 314/1 To keep cream from feathering in hot weather. c. trans. To send up feather-wise. rare. 1861 Thornbury Turner (1862) I. 222 Where ..Vesuvius feathers up its quiet plume of pure white smoke. 9 . Of a flower (chiefly, a tulip), To be feathered : to be marked with feather-like lines. 1833 Hogg Suppl. on Florists' Flowers 31 When a Tulip is feathered with dark purple. 1881 Gard. Citron. XVI. 748 The outer segments variously feathered with dark purple. Vol. XV. 10. trans. To cut (wood, etc.) down gradually to a thin edge. Cf. Feather-edged a. 1782 Edgeworth in Phil. Trans. LXXI 1 I. 138 An arm of deal, feather-edged, and supported by stays of the same material, feathered in the same manner. 1794 Vince ibid. LXXXV. 44 Pieces of lead with the edges feathered off. 11 . To feather an oar : to turn it as it leaves the water at the end of a stroke, so that it may pass through the air edgeways. a i74o[see Feathering pjl. a. b.] 1774 in Hone Every-day Bk. II. 1062 He feather d his oars with .. skill. 1847 J. Wii.son Chr. North I. 248 We to-day shall feather an oar. absol. 1825 L. Hunt Bacchus in Tuscany 857 Boaters, who know how to feather, Never get tired. 1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. xiii. (1889) 121 This wind will make it very rough. .Mind you feather high. III. In various uses. 12 . Shooting. To knock a few feathers from (a bird) without killing. 1890 Payne-Gallwey Let. Young Shooters 137 You would have shot ‘well behind *, and not even feathered the tail of a cock-pheasant. 1892 Field 9 Apr. 524/1 Mr. Mervyn Watts, .feathered a strong bird from No. 2 trap. 13 . Hunting, a. Of a hound : To make a quivering movement with the tail and body, while searching for the trail, b. Of the huntsman (see quot. 1884). 1803 Spirit Public Jrnls. (1804) VII. iii The leading hound, beginning to feather. 1839 F. D. Radcliffe Noble Science ix. 163 See that old bitch how she feathers—how her stern vibrates with the quickened action of her pulses. 1861 G. F. Berkeley Sportsm. W. Prairies 310 At last Druid began ‘to feather’ .. on the traces of a deer. 1884 Jefferies RedDeer\ ii. 118 The harbourer likes to ‘feather’ —to set the hounds direct on the trail. 1892 Field 7 May, In a lot of oats Saul feathered about, but could not find. Feather-bed. 1 . A bed stuffed with feathers. c 1000 . Flfric's Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 124 Culcites, fe}?erbed. c 1275 Lay. 17443 For nou 3e mawe heom hebbe ase fe]?er- beddes. c 1369 Chaucer DetJie Blaunclte 251 Of downe of pure dowves whyte I wil yive him a fether-bed. 1480 Wardr. Acc. Edw. IV ( 1830^ 130 Beddes called federbeddes stuffed with downe with their holsters v. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 445 All fedder beddis forbiddin wes also. 1648 Prynne Plea for Lot'ds 37 The Duke, .was smothered to death with a featherbed. 1749 Wesley Acc. School Kingswood 6 All their Beds have Mattresses on them, not Feather-beds. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth v, Make interest with your feather¬ bed till day-break. fig. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. iii. viii. 134 Such bolsters and huge featherbeds of Promotion. 1870 Lowf.ll Study Wind. (1886) 328 He has smothered the .. simplicity of Chaucer under feather-beds of verbiage. 2 . The Willow Warbler ( Phylloscopus trochilus) ; also of the Whitethroat ( Motacilla sjylvia). 1854 Baker Gloss. Northampton I. 224 Featherbed, the White-throat. 1885 Swainson Prcv. Names Brit. Birds 26 IVitlow warbler.. Feather bed (Oxon). 3 . alt rib. and Comb. a. altrib., as featherbed- campaigner, - captain, -soldier, -warrior ; b. objec¬ tive, as feat her bed-maker . Also featherbed-lane, slang (see quot.). 1888 Times (weekly ed.) 2 Nov. 8/3 We want no *feather- bed campaigners. 1692 Hickeringill Good Old Cause Wks. 1716 II. 529 Is it because some *Feather-bed Captains sell such Ware? a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, * Feather¬ bed-lane, any bad Road. *71515 Cocke LorclTs B. (Percy Soc.) 9 Bed-makers, *federbed makers, and wyre drawers. 1837 Major Richardson Brit. Legion i. (ed. 2) 20 Our position .. has certainly not been that of *feather-bed soldiers. 1872 Black A dv. Phaeton xxiii. 325 Each ' feather¬ bed warrior who rides from Knightsbridge to Whitehall. Fea’ther-bone. [f. as prec. + Bone : after whalebone.'] (See quot.) 1887 Chicago Advance 17 Feb. 112 Feather-bone .. pre¬ pared from the quills of geese and turkeys, is largely taking the place of whalebone in the manufacture of whips [etc.]. Featlierdom (fe’ftoictam). [f. as prec. +-D0M.] The realm of feathered creatures. 1885 Harper s Mag. Dec. 80/1 May they not be gathering the latest news from all featherdom? Feathered (fe-So-id), ppl. a. [f. Feather^. and v. + -ed.] 1 . Of birds, animals, etc.: Provided with or having feathers. Also in parasynthetic comb., as black-, hard-, pen-, well-feathered adjs. [c 1150 Eadwine's Psalter (E. E. T. S.) lxxvii. 27 Fuglaes jefefierede.] *11300 Cursor M. (Cott.) 15991 pe cok lepe vp . .federd fayrer pan be-forn. c 1300 K. Alis. 5406 Hy weren blake fethered on the wombe. a 1440 Found. St. Bartholo¬ mew's 1. vi, The vision of the federyd beiste. 1577 Googe Hercsbach's Husb. (1586) 163, I wil not refuse to shew you somwhat also of my feathered cattle. 1684 R. H. School Recreat. 131 Sec that he [the cock] be sound, hard feather’d. 1708 Prior Turtle $ Sparrmv 263 My children then were just pen-feather’d. 1721 R. Bradley Wks. Nature 85 Thus have I remark’d what is most observable in the feathered Tribe. 1769 J. Wallis Nat. Hist. Northumberland I. ix. 311 The young being surprized ..when they are near full feathered. 1840 F. D. Bennett Whaling Voy. II. 242 The legs are. .feathered to the feet. 1876 Smiles Sc. Natur. vii. (ed. 4) 105 A feathered wanderer flew by. transf. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xii, One of the supporting cults, .was in deep shade, but the other, feathered with foliage. 1851 H. Mayo Truths in Pop. Superst, (ed. 2) 25 An abrupt craggy ridge, feathered with underwood. b. Pertaining to or consisting of animals with feathers. 5 8 7 , t urberv. Trag. T. ioob, The God that feadreth [«V] is and blinde. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, iv. i. 106 ,1 saw young Harry.. Rise from the ground like feathered Mercury. 1608 — Per. v. ii. 15 In feather’d briefness sails are fill’d. 1636 R. Durham in A nti. Dubrcnsia (1877) 56 Those Grey-hounds, which with feather’d feete, Fly ore your pleasant downes. a 1658 Cleveland Poems 43 (L.) Nor think, .our feathered minutes may Fall under measure. 1792 S. Rogers Pleas. Mem. 1. 62 The feathered feet of Time. 1865 Lowell Poet. IVks. (1879) 429 Yet sometimes feathered words are strong. 3 . Of an arrow: Fitted with a feather. Of a wound : Inflicted by an arrow. c 1000 vElfric Gloss, in Wr.-Wiilcker 143 Sagitta, vel spiculum , gefySerad flaa. 1513 Douglas /Kneis x. v. 82 Als swyft as ganze or fedyrit arrow fleis. 1579 in W. H. Turner Select. Rcc. Oxford 403 Syxe shefie of goode arrowes, well fethered hedds. 1697 Dryden Virgil (1806) IV. 161 Across the shoulders came the feather’d wound ; Transfix’d, he fell. 1715-20 PorE Iliad 1. 68 He twang’d his deadly bow, And hissing fly the feather’d fates below. 1825 Coleridge Aids Refl. (1848) I. 53 The arrows of satire feathered with wit. 4 . Adorned with a feather or plume of feathers. 1624 Trag. Nero iv. i. in Bullen O. PI. I. 63 The feather'd man of Inde. 1631 T. Powell Tom All Trades 170 Your feathered Gallant of the Court. 1752 A. Macdonald in Scots Mag. July (1753) 338/1 Allan was .. dressed in a blue side-coat, .and feathered hat. 1813 Scott Trierm. 11. xxiii, Their feather’d crests alone Should this encounter rue. 5 . Furnished or ornamented with something re¬ sembling a feather or feathers: a. of animals. Cf. Feather sb. 11. 1686 Lofid. Gaz. No. 2195/4 A black Brown Gelding.. Feather’d of each side the Neck. 1721 Bradley IVks. Nature 137 Moths have their Antennae short and feathered. b. Archit. Cf. Feathering vbl. sb. 2 b. 1845 Ecclesiologist IV. 14 note, A very rich canopied monument, with .. double feathered arch. 1848 Rickman Goth. Archit. 90 The arch, .is richly feathered. c. of a plough-share. Cf. Feather sb. 16 c. 1765 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 215 Giving it a .. feathered sock. 1799 J. Robertson Agric. Perth 95 In land, which is free of stones, the feathered share is preferred. 6. a. Of leaves or petals, timber, etc. : Having feather-like markings. 1610 W. Folkingham Art of Survey 1. iii. 7 High grounds produce wood of a more beautifull-feathered and better graine. 1833 Hogg Suppl. Florists' Flo'ivers 31 [A tulip with certain markings is called] a feathered Bybloemen or feathered Rose. b. Of plants, branches, etc.: Formed or arranged like feathers; having feather-like hairs or tufts; feather-like. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 11. vii. 155 A littell crownet, out of the whiche the small feathered leaues do grow. 1776 Withering Brit. Plants (1796) I. 224 Summits .. reflected, feathered. 1783 Watson Philip III (1839) 359 Fir trees, whose close and feathered branches intwined with one another. 1820 Keats Hyperion 1. 9 The feathered grass. 7 . In various names of a. flowers and b. moths. a. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 11. vii. 156 Single Gillofers .. are called in Englishe by diuers names, as .. feathered Gillofers. 1823 Crabb Technol. Diet., The .. feathered Columbine, the Thalictrum cujuilegifolium. 1878-86 Brit¬ ten & Holland Plant-n., Feathered Gillofers, Dianthus plumarius. b. 1839 Wood Index Entomol. 28 Eulepia grammica, feathered Footman. Ibid. 51 Heliophobus Leucophanis, feathered Ear. Heliophobus popnlaris, feathered Gothic. 1869 E. Newman Brit. Moths 289 The Feathered Brindle (Aporophyla australis). Ibid. 399 The Feathered Ranun¬ culus (Fpunda Lichenea\ 1870 Wood Common Moths Png- 50 The Feathered Thorn (Himera pennaria). 8. Of an oar: That is or has been turned so as to 4 feather’: see Feather v. ii. 1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms 11. 417 As if the lightly feather’d oar..could take them to the shore. 1891 Daily News 15 Sept. 3/4 The swish of feathered oars upon the water. 9 . Sugar-boiling. Cf. Feather sb. 13. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Feathered Boiling of Sugar.. is when after several Boilings, the Artist blows thro’ the Holes of the Skimmer .. till thick and large Bubbles flying up on high, the Sugar is become Feathered. 10 . Feathered-shot (see quot.). Cf. feather-shot copper , Feather sb. 19. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., Feathered-shot, copper granulated by pouring into cold water. Fea ther-e dge, sb. [f. as prec. + Edge.] The fine edge of a board, etc. that thins off to one side, so as to resemble a wedge in section. 1785 Roy in Phil. Trans. LXXV. 396 A line, .being brought to coincide with the feather edge. attrib. 1616 MS. Acc. St. John's Hosp., Canterb., For saing of fetheredg bourd. 1703 T. N. City <$• C. Purchaser 40 Feather-edge. .a sort of Bricks.. thinner at one edge, than they are at the other. 1703 Moxon Mech. Excrc. 160 Feather- edge, Boards, or Planks, that have one edge thinner than another are called Feather-edge stuff. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech., Feather-edge File, a file with an acute edge. 1883 Hendon Times 5 May 5/2 Quantity of shop-shutters, feather- edge hoards, cupboard fronts. Feather-e'dge, v. [f. prec. sb.] trans. To cut to a feather-edge, produce a thin edge upon. Also transf. to turn (oneself) sideways. 1799 Jas. Wilson Mission. Voy. S. Seas p. xlix, The planks being feather-edged, and lapped over. i8ooHerschel in Phil. Trans. XC. 306 The slip of wood at their back .. was feadier-edged towards the stove. 1854 Thoreau Walden i. 49 The boards were carefully feather-edged and lapped. 16 FEATHER-EDGED. 122 FEATHERY. 1890 W. C. Russell Ocean Trag. II. xxiv. 249 Tell your mad relative to feather-edge himself. He is all front. Feather-edged, a. [f. as prec. + -ed 2.] 1 . Having one edge thinner than the other, so that the section is wedge-shaped. Also quasi-erfoy and eglen- tere. c 1440 Promp. Pan*. 152/2 Fedyrfu, or fedyrfoy, herbe, fcbrijfuga. 1587 Mascall Govt. Cattle (1627 ) 99 If beasts bee sicke yee shall giue them madder, long pepper, the barke of a walnut tree, with fetherfew. 1683 Tryon Way to Health 552 Herbs, .of a strong bitter Quality, as Worm¬ wood, Featherfew, Tansie, and the like, c 1759 Roxb. Ball. VII. 57 Here’s fetherfew, gilliflowers and rue. 1863 R. Prior Plant-n., Featherfew. .the feverfew, .from confusion of name with the feather foil. [An erroneous statement.] Fea ther-foo’ted, a. a. Having feet covered with feathers, b. fig. Moving silently and swiftly. a. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong., Coulon, or pigeon Pattu, fether-footed doues or pigeons. 1868 Darwin A nim. <5* PI. I. viii. 295 There is a feather-footed breed. b. 1565 Golding Ovid's Met. 11. 31 He bad the fether- footed houres go harnesse in his horse. 1637 Heywood Dial. iii. Wks. 1874 VI. 137 Swift feather-footed Time. 1731 A. Hill Adv. Poets xxiii, Fancy’s light Dwarfs ! whose feather-footed Strains, Dance, .through a Waste of Brains ! 1797 Mrs. A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl{ 1813' II. no The feather-footed Rosa .. darted along the paddock. 1839 Bailey Festus xx. (1848) 231 Soft as a featherfooted cloud on Heaven. f Fea’therham. Obs. Forms: i fetterhama, -homa, 2 feperliome, 5 Sc. fetherham, fethrame, 6 Sc. fedderame, fed(d)rem, -rum, fethreme. [*OE . feder-kama, f. febcr Feather sb.-rhama a covering.] A covering or appendage of feathers; plumage, wings. a 800 Corpus Gloss. 1984 Talaria feSrhoman. a 1000 Caedmons Gen. 670 (Gr.) Geseo ic him his englas ymbe hweorfan mid [jpSerhaman. C1175 Lamb. Horn. 81 Her he uette fe|>er-home and wenge. c 1470 Harding Citron, xxv. iii, Afterward a Fetherham he dight, To flye with wynges as he could beest descerne. 1513 Douglas TEneis iv. v. 93 Slyd with thi feddrame, to ^one Troiane prence. 1570 Sempill Ball. xiii. (1872) 77 Tak tho feddrum of the Craw In syne of wo and dolour. 1606 Birnie Kirk - Buriall 23 It wold make our craw-down fedrum fal. Feather-head. a. An empty or light head. b. A silly, empty-headed person. a. 1845 Carlyle Cromwell (1857) I. 88 To me, in my poor feather-head, [he] seemed a somewhat unhandy gentleman. b. 1831 Carlyle Sart. Res. (1858)154 Show the haughtiest featherhead, that a soul higher than himself is actually here. 1878 T. Sinclair Mount 19 Our periodical featherheads do not know that we dwell in the modern land of Canaan. 1878 Tennyson Q. Mary v. i, A fool and featherhead. attrib. 1886 W. Graham Social Problem 190 Mere feather- head folly. Feather-hea’ded, a. [f. prec. + -ed A] 1 . Empty-headed, hare-brained, silly. 1647 Ward Simp. Colder 30 Many Gentlemens .. estates are deplumed by their feather-headed wifes. 1716 Cibber Erne Makes Man 11. ii, Ah ! thou hast miss’d a Man. .so far above this feather-headed Puppy. 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan, Der. IV. liv. 106 Some feather-headed lady or gentleman. x88x Irving in Macm. Mag. XLV. 305 It was little more than a conceited and feather-headed assumption. 2 . Having a feathery top. rare . 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. II. 173 Feather-headed grasses. Featheriness (fe-formes), [f. Feathery + -ness.] a. leathery state or condition, b. Light¬ ness, fickleness. 1689 W. Bates Sure Trial Uprightness 130 There is such a levity and featheriness in our Minds. 1838 Blackw. Mag. XLIV. 612 Pulling off bright wings, and destroying the lustrous featheriness. 1892 L. F. Day Nature in Ornament iv. 53 The very featheriness of its flower-heads. Feathering (fe-Sarig), vbl. sb. [ + -ing L] 1 . The action of the vb. Feather in various senses. 1640 Bp. Hall Chr. Moder. 8/1 That bird of whom Suidas speaks, which dies in the very act of his feathering. 1775 Burke Corr. (1844^ 11 . 26 North Carolina is left out.. because it furnishes tar for feathering. 1875 Sharpe in Fncycl. Brit. (ed. 9) II. 372 This king [Henry V of England] directed the sheriffs of counties to take six wing-feathers from every goose for the feathering of arrows. 1878 Besant & Rice Celia s Arb. iv. (1887)35 Rowing their short, deep stroke, without any feathering, hut in perfect time, b. Arboriculture (see quot.). 1827 Steuart Planter's G. (1828) 237 What the workmen call ‘ the featheringthat is, the position of the capillary rootlets upon the primary rootlets or branches, which are always found pointing outwards from the body of the Tree. 2 . In vaiious concrete senses: The plumage of birds; the feather of an arrow; fcather-like structure in the coat of an animal. 1530 Palsgr. 210/1 Fedderyng of a shafte. 1721 Bradley Wks. Nature 57 The Beauty of whose Shells, .is as remark¬ able as the diversity of Feathering in Birds. 1856 Kane A ret. Fxpl. I. xxi. 268 The ptarmigan shows a singular backwardness in assuming the summer feathering. 1875 G. W. Dasent Vikings I. 46 An arrow on which a golden thread was twisted in the feathering. 1885 Century Mag. XXXI. 121 His [the Irish setter’s] coat .. where it extends into what is technically known as feathering, is like spun silk in quality. 1891 J. L. Kipling Beast at fetly in face fettled alle eres. a 1400 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 135 Feetly with helpe sche can consent To set a cokewolde on the hye benche. {*1420 Pallad. on Husb. vm. 142 Clense it feetly wel. 1539 Taverner Erasm. Prov. (1552) 55 Gellius applyeth this rouerbe very featlye to these grosse and rude men. 1591 'lorio Sec. Fruites 63 You will haue it [wine] smelling sweetelie, coloured featly. 1606 Birnie Kirk-Buriall iii, The giuing vp of the godlies ghost may featlie be compared to three things. 1671 Eachard Obscrv. Ansrv. Cont. Clergy 62 We are bluntly told.. not neatly and featly. 1831 Carlyle Sart. Res. 1. viii.(i858) 33 Frills and fringes, with gay variety of colour, featly appended. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss., ‘ It was all done varry feitly.’ + b. Exactly, precisely. Obs. a 1450 Bk. St. Albans, Eishing(i8$j)8 Bynd hem to gydur fetely so h^t h e cropp may justly entur alle in to |>e seyd hole. 1549 Coverdale Erasm. Par. Gal. iv. 29 In this also the allegorie featly agreeth. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk. <$• Selv. 74 A curious frame of well-ranged bulks so featly set together. 2 . Cleverly, deftly, skilfully. 1436 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 172 Thynges wyth whiche they fetely blere oure eye. 1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 488/2 He.. feately conuayed himself out of the frying panne, fayre into the fyre. 1609 C. Butler Fern. Mon. vi. (1623) Oiij, Sweets, which the Bees featly draw from them. 1787 Grose Provinc. Gloss., Feitly, dexterously, c 1800 K. White Christiad xvi, In homely guise I featly framed My lowly speech. 1888 G. H. Radford Occasional Verses, Let the gentle angler stand. .And featly cast his specious fly. b. With reference to movements, esp. dancing: With graceful agility, nimbly. c 1340 Gaiv. Gr. Knt. 1758 pe lady .. fetly hym kyssed. 1611 Shaks. I Vint. T. iv. iv. 176 She dances featly. 1635 Brome Sparagus Garden m. ix, How feately she holds up the neb to him ! 1704 Pope Jan. <$• May too So featly tripp’d the light-foot ladies round. 1806 J. Grahame Birds Scot. 9 Featly athwart the ridge she runs. 1812 Byron Ch. liar. 1. Ixxiii, Their chargers featly prance. 1835 Willis Pencilliugs I. xxx. 215 His .. wife .. danced as featly as a fairy. 1842 Barham Ingol. Leg., Ittgol. Penance 11, Featly he kisseth his Holiness’ toe. 1870 Lowell Stud. Wind. 181 The Sapphic, .moves featly to our modern accentuation. + 3 . Oddly, strangely. (Cf. Feat a 5.) Obs. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk Selv. 29 If my soul does not thus featly stick out of my body. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Featly, oddly, after an unusual or uncouth manner. B. adj. Graceful. Of a dress : Neat, well-fitting. 1801 Moore Ring iii, Some the featly dance amused. 1822 W. Irving Braceb. Hall{ 1845) 269 Her dainty person clad in featly cloak. Hence Pea tliness, featly quality; gracefulness. 1843 Lytton Last Bar. iv. vi, The admirable ‘featliness* of the Count de la Roche .. was rivalled only by the more majestic grace of Edward. Featness (frtnes). [f. as prec. + -ness.] 1 . Elegance, shapeliness, spruceness, trimness. 1576 Fleming tr. Cains' Dogs in Arb. Garner III. 248 Featness with neatness hath neighbourhood enough, c 1615 Lives Women Saints 25 The featnesse. .of the bodie. .is the fouling, .of the soule. 1652 Wharton tr. Rothman s Chiro¬ mancy \V r ks. (1683) 532 The Lines and other Signatures, are .. by their Featness more perspicuous. 1699 Boyer Fr. «y Eng. Diet, s.v., Featness . .propretc. + b. Nicety. Obs. 1577-87 Holinshf.d Citron. II. 12/2 The language carrieth such difficulty with it.. for .. the curious featnes of the pro¬ nunciation, that, etc. f 2 . ‘ Oddness, uncouthness ’ (Bailey, folio, 1730-6). t Fea’tous, a. Ohs. Forms : a. 4-5 fetis(e, -ys(e, 5 fetyce, 6 Sc. fettis; see also Featish. 0. 5 fet(e)ous, 6 feytous, (feat-, fetus(se), feateous, 6-7 feat(u)ous, 7 fetuous. [ME. fetys, a. OFr. felis, felt is, faictis, f. 'L.factTcius : see Fac¬ titious. In 15—17th c. the ending was confused variously with the suffixes -ish, -ous, -eons, -nous, and the word seems to have been apprehended as a derivative of Feat a., to which in later use it approximates in sense.] 1 . Of persons and their limbs: Well-formed, well-proportioned, handsome. 13 E. E. A Hit. P. B. 174 Fetyse of a fayr forme, to fote & to honde. 1340-70 Alisaunder 188 Fetise nailes. c 1386 Chaucer Patd. T. 150 In comen tombesteres Fetis and smale. c 1400 Rom. Rose 829 He was .. So faire, so jolly, and so fetise. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 159/2 Fetyce, or praty, parvunculus. 1477 Marg. Paston in Lett. No. 809 III. 215 I ham waxse so fetys that I may not be gyrte in no barre of no gyrdyl that I have. 1535 Stewart Chron. Scot. 23865 This king. .Thre sonis had baith fettis, fair and fyne. b. Of tilings : Skilfully or artistically fashioned ; hence, in wider sense, elegant, handsome, becoming. Often of dress. <71386 Chaucer Prol. 157 Full fetise was hire cloke. C1400 Rom. Rose 532 This dore . . was so fetys and so lite. Ibid. 1133 In clothyng was he ful fetys. c 1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture to Wyne canels. .of box fetice & fyne. 1566 Dr ant Horace Sat. i. 83 Those that teache in schooles, With .. featusse knacks will lewre the little fooles. 1570 — Strut., Easter Wk. 220 b, Ye thinke it fine and featbus to be called roses..and Lilies. 1648 Herrick Hesper. I. 326 Upon this fetuous board doth stand Something for shew-bread. 2 . 1 Dexterous.* 1755 ill Johnson. + Fea tously, adv. Ohs. [f. prec. + -ly -.] 1 . With respect to attire, or ornamentation: Beautifully, handsomely, elegantly. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 1462 J?e coperounes of \>e canacles ]>at on \>e cuppe reres, Wer fetysely formed out in fylyoles longe. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. 11.162 Fauel [sat] on a flat[er]ere fetislich atired. 1513 Douglas Ahteis iv. v. 163 Fetisly stekit with prynnit goldin thredis. c 1540 Pilgr. T. 180 His bottis sat cleyn and claspyd feytuosly. 1605 Drayton Eglogs iv. 142 A hood. .Ywrought full featuously. 2 . With reference to actions: Cleverly, dexter¬ ously, nimbly, properly. Of speech : Elegantly, with correctness and propriety. c 1350 Will Paler/te 98 pe herdes wif.. fetisliche it {pat child] bapede, & wrou3t wip it as wel as ^if it were hire owne. c 1386 Chaucer Prol. 124 Frenche she spake ful fayre and fetisly. c 1400 Bcryn J41 The flrere feynyd fetously the sprj-ngil for to hold. 1595 Spenser Prothal. 27 They . .crept full feateously The tender stalkes. 1611 Beaum. & Fl. Knt. Burning Pestle iv. v, While hobby-horse doth foot it featuously. Featuous, var. form of Featous a. Obs. Featural (frtiiiral), a. [f. Feature sb. + -al.] Of or pertaining to the features. 1883 G. Macdonald Donal Grant I. vi. 50 There was no featural resemblance between the two faces. Hence Fea turally adv., with regard to features. 1804 Monthly Mag. XVIII. 4 Never were cases more featurally distinct. Feature (frtiiu), sb. Forms: 4-5 fetour(e, 4-6 feture, feyture, 5 fetur, (fay(c)ture, fet- ture, fe(i)ter, feetour, 6 feuter, fewter, 7 feau- ture), 6- feature, [a. OF. feture, failure ( = Pr. faitura, factura) L. factftra : see Facture.] 1 . Make, form, fashion, shape; proportions, esp. of the body; a particular example of this. Obs. exc. arch. c 1325 Song of Mercy 41 in E. E. P. (1862) 119, I made ]?e Mon . .Of feture liche myn owne fasoun. 14.. Why I can't be a Nun 134 ibid. 141, I behelde welle her feture. c 1410 Sir Cleges 11 He was a man of hight stature, And therto full fayr of feture. 1526 Pilgr. Perf (W. de W. 1531) 306 b, In all feyture of body. .1 was moost lyke vnto thy Grace. 1600 Dymmok Ireland (1843) 5 Horses of a fine feature. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage vi. i. (1614) 558 Apes .. twice as bigge in feature of their limmes. a 1661 Fuller Worthies 11840) II. 501 1’he king fell much enamoured of her feature. 1671 H. M. tr. Erasm. Colloq. 320 A woman appeared to him in his sleep, in a wonderful feature. 1684 T. Hockin God's Decrees 328 Pleasantness, .is very visible in the complexion and feature of true Religion. 1820 Keats Hyperion 111. 88 An image, huge of feature as a cloud. 1875 Tennyson Q. Mary i. i, Courtenay, .of splendid feature. + b. Good form or shape; comeliness. Obs . 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill, 1. i. 19, I, that am .. cheated of Feature by dissembling Nature. 1594 Parsons Succession to Engl. Croton Ep. Ded., His excellent partes of lerning, wit, feuter of body, curtesie [etc.]. f c. concr. Something formed or shaped; a form, shape, creation. Obs. Cf. Creature i. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 256/2 Alle fetures and creatures prayse the moder of lyghte. 1601 B. Jonson Poetaster 11. i, No doubt of that, sweet feature, a 1618 Sylvester Arcto- pltilos' Epist. to Arctoa 84 Nature .. Adorns her shop still with the matchlesse feature. 1667 Milton P. L. x. 279 So sented the grim Feature, and upturn’d His Nostril wide into the murkie Air. t d. As a term of contempt: = Creature. [So OF .failure ; in Fng. perh. confused with Faitouu.] c 1460 Towneley Myst. 60 Future, for thy sake, Thay shalbe pent to pyne. Ibid. 120 To felle those fatures I am bowne. 14.. Chester PI. (1847) II. 162 Fye on thee, feature, fie on thee. 1 2 . a. In pi. The elements which constitute bodily form ; the build or make of the various parts of the body. Hence in sing, with distributive adj. b. concr. A part of the body ; a limb. Obs. 13.. E. E. A llit. P. B. 794 Alle feturez ful fyn & fautlez bo^e. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. vii. 46 Prout of my faire fetours. 1447 Bokenham Seyntys Introd. (Rcxb.) 5 Hyr 00 foot is Both flesh and boon.. Men may behoden eche feture Ther of saf the greth too only, c 1460-70 Compl. Criste 200 in Pol. Rel. <$• L. Poems 172, I sende the bodyly helthe .. fayrenes and also feturs fele. 1508 Fisher Wks. (1876) 240 How many lacke theyr armes .. and other fetures of theyr bodyes. 1599 Weever Epigr. iv. xxii. E vj, Their rosie- tainted features cloth’d in tissue. 1726 Swift Gulliver iv. vii. 103, I agreed in every Feature of my Body with other Yahoos, except, etc. 1752 Young Brothers iv. i, Shall I stab Her lovely image stampt on every feature? 3 . Iu narrower sense, a. In pi. anddistributively: The lineaments of the face, the form or mould of its various parts. Also collect . in sing. c 1350 Will. Palerne 857 Wanne. .meliors mi3t se his face, sche >out. .}?at leuer hire were haue welt him at wille [>an of he world be quene, So faire of all fetures he frek was. *393 Gower Conf. III. 255 The fetures of her face In which nature had alle grace. 14 .. Epiph. in Putt dale's Vis. 112 They began to behold .. hvs feyr face Con- syduryng hys feturis.. With grett insyght. 1603 Knolles Ilist. 'Lurks (1621) 12 Under such simple and homly feature, lay. .a most subtil ..wit. a 1639 T. Carenv Poems Wks. (1824) 4 That rich treasure Of rare beauty and sweet feature. 1766 Fordyce Serm. I tig. Wom.(e d. 4) II. xiii. 225 Men of sensibility desire in every woman soft features. 1842 Prichard Nat. Hist. Man 222 The features of the Tschuk-tschi .. pronounce them of American origin. 1887 T. A. TRoi.LorE What I remember I. xvi. 331 [He] equalled him in. .refinement of feature. fig. a 1680 Butler Sat. Hunt. Learn. 11. Rem. 1759 I. 223 Words are but Pictures .. To draw the .. Features of the Mind, a 1788 Mickle Siege Marseilles I. i, Oft .. have I beheld A little, wayward, giddy levity Show its capricious features. 1827 Pollok Course T. v. 738 Redeeming features in the face of Time. 1868 Freeman Norm.Conq . (1876) II. vii. 25 Tenderness for animals is no unusual feature in the portraits of holy men. b. concr. Any of the parts of the face; the eye, nose, mouth, forehead, or chin. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth ii, There was daring, .in the dark eye, but the other features seemed to express a bashful timidity. 1847 Emerson Poems, Visit Wks. (Bohn) I. 404 Say, what other metre is it Than the meeting of the eyes? Nature poureth into nature Through the channels of that feature. 1858 Hawthorne Fr. \). febrero, Pg. fevereiro, 11. febbraio popular L. *febrdrius, h.februdrius, f. februa pi. ( februuvi sing, a word of Sabine origin signifying purifica¬ tion), the Roman festival of purification, held on the 15th of this month. The ME. form fcverel appears to be of Eng. origin, the dissimilation being parallel to that in laurel from laurer. It is note¬ worthy that Welsh has the form chwefrawl, •ol (the L. type of which would be *februdlis ), beside chwe- fraivr, -or repr. L. februdrius. The later forms are taken directly from Lat. or refashioned after Lat.] 1 . The second month of the year, containing twenty-eight days, except in bissextile or leap year, when it has twenty-nine. [« 1000 Menologium (Gr.) 18 Swylce emb feower wucan ba;tte solmona 3 sige 3 to tune, butan twam nihtum; swa hit getealdon Jeo, Februarius fter, frode J5es>i[?as.l a 1225 Juliana. 78 Obe sixtenSe dei of feouereles moneo’. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 8238 In R mon|te of feuerer. 1398 Thevisa Barth. De J\. lx. x. (1495) 354 Olde errour of nacyons.. halowed.. February to the nether goddes. c 1450 St Cuihbert (Surtees) 7099 Of feuer3ere pe fift kalend. tr 1470 Henry Wallace vu. 1 In Feuerjher befell the samtnyn cace, That Inglismen tuk trewis with Wallace. 1588 A. King tr. Canisius ’ Catcch. H iij, S. Matthias day y 24 of februar. a 1660 Wharton Disc. Years , etc. Wks. (1683) 83 February, a Februo , that is to sacrifice, because then the Romans sacrificed to Pluto, .for the Souls of their Ancestors. 1745 tr. Columella's Hush. 464 The xx of February Leo (the Lion) ceases to set. a 1810 Tannahjll Febenvar Poet. Wks. (1846) 157 Thou cauld gloomy Feberwar, O gin thou wert awa’. 1867 O. W. Holmes Old Vol. of I.ife (1891) 135 A warm day in February is a dream of April. b. personified. 1398 T revisa Barth. De P. R. ix. x. (1495) 355 Februari is paynted as an olde man sittynge by the fyre. 1821 Shelley Dirge for Year Poems (1891) 568/2 February bears the bier. 1863 R. Chambers Bk. of Days I. 202 February comes in like a sturdy maiden, with a tinge of the red hard winter apple on her hardy cheek. 2 . Proverbs. February fill-dike : a popular appel¬ lation indicating the prevalence of either rain or snow in this month. 1557 Tusser 100 Points Husb. cii, Feuerell fill dyke, doth good with his snowe. 1573 — Husb. xxxvii. (1878) 87 Feb, fill the dike With what thou dost like. 1633 B. Jonson Tale 'Tub 1. i, Februere Doth cut and shear. 1670 Ray Prov. 40 All the moneths in the year curse a fair Februeer. Ibid., February fill dike, Be it black or be it white, But if it be white, It’s the better to like. 1787 Best Angling 165 The Welchman had rather see his dam on the bier, Than see a fair Februeer. 1889 Allan Weather Wisdom 15 If in 125 FECUNDATE. FEBRUATE. February there be no rain, Tis neither good for hay nor grain. 3 . attrib .; February Fed, a kind of fly. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado v. iv. 41 What’s the matter? That you haue such a Februarie face. 1867 F. Francis Angling vi. (1880) 200 The February red .. belongs to the Perlideae. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. (1890) 422/2 Late February days. t Februate, a. Obs. rare - 1 . [ad. L.februal-tis pa. pple. of februdre'. see next ] Only in A day februate, one devoted to purification. 161a Healey St. Aug-. Citic n/Goti 675 Hee..caileth this feast day, a day februate, that is a day of purgation, etc. t Fe'bruate, v. Obs.-° [f. L. februdt- ppl. stem of februdre to purify, f. februum a means of purification.] ‘ To purge souls by sacrifice or prayer’ (Blount Glossogr. 1656-81). Februation. Now rare. [ad. L .februation- em, n. of action f. februdre : see prec.] A cere¬ monial purification or cleansing. a 1652 1 . Smith Set. Disc. ii. 37 Those charms and februa- tions anciently in use upon the appearing of ail eclipse. 1663 J. Spencer Prodigies (1665) 172 To reconcile his peevish and touchy Greatness by some Februations. 1721-1800 in Bailey. 1876 Martin tr. KeiVs Comm. Ezek. I. 207 The passing of children through fire without either slaying or burning J a februation by fire. t Fee. Obs. since 12th c. [OK. five, corresp. to OFris. fib, fab, OS. fac ( MI ,G., Du. vak), OHG. fah (MHG. vach, mod.G. fach ) ; the continental sense is chiefly ‘compartment’, ‘ bounded space’. The normal mod.Eng. form would be facki] A definite interval in space or time; a limited distance, fixed period. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xxiv. 13 On J?ast castel j?set waes on faece [L. in spatio ] syxtig furlanga frarn hierusalem. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 231 Hi bi ene fece to his curt come sceolde. Ibid. 235 Eft bine fece and fies lare and la}e swic 5 e acolede J>urh manifeald senne. Fecal, Feces, etc. : see FjECAl, etc. Feeche, var. of fetch, obs. and dial. f. of Vetch. Fech(e, obs. form of Fetch v. Feche, obs. forms of Fish, Fitch. Fecher, obs. form of Fisheh. Fechia (fe'lj>a). Also 8 in Ital. form feccia. [a. \l. feccia vulgar Latin *fecia, altered form of L. fxc-em (fxx) ; see F.kcek.] Dregs of wine. 1704 Lond. Gaz. No. 4037/7 The. .Goods left unsold, .will be lowered to the following Prizes .. the good Sherries to 18/. per But; the Feccia to 24s. per C. attrib. 1812 J. Smyth Pract. Customs (1821) 33 Fechia Ashes are the ashes of the grape-vine. Fecht, Sc. var. of Fight. Fecial, var. of Fetial. Fecifork (frsifprk). Enlom. [f. L. feed- (see F.eces) + Fork.] (See quot.) 1826 Kirby & Spence Entom. IV. 353 Fecifork (Fiecifurca), the anal fork on which the larva; of Cassida, etc., carry their faeces. Feck 1 (fek). Sc. and north, dial. Also 5-6 fek, 6 fece, feet. [app. aphetic f. Effect sb.] + 1 . — Effect 2 b. The purport, drift, tenor, or substance (of a statement, intention, etc.). Some¬ times coupled with form. ? Obs. With first quot. cf. Chaucer Merck. T. 153 Theffecte of his entente. c 1500 Lancelot 2938 Th’s is the fek of our entent. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 684 In forme and feet as it wes wont to be. c 1550 A. Scott in Sibbald Chron. Scot. Poetry III. 148 Wald ye foirse the forme, The fassoun, and the fek, Ye suld it fynd inorme, With bawdry yow to blek. 1600 Heyvvood 1 Edw. IV , iv. iv, So the feck .. of all your long purgation, .is no more, .but the King wants money. 2 . [Cf. Effect i b.] Efficacy, efficiency, value ; hence, vigour, energy. x 535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 617 Quliilk semis weill to be Of lytill fecc or 3k auctoritie. 1597 Montgomerie Cherrie P a M as ' Trav. (1812) I. 86 Calcareous constituents, which may be easily recognized in the feculence or foam of the sea. 1854 Badham Halieut. 116 Eel .. often taste of the weeds and feculence where they dwell. 1855 Faraday in B. Jones Life (1870) II. 363 Near the bridges the feculence rolled up in clouds. b. = FiECES 2. 1733 Chf.yne Eng. Malady 11. vii. § 3 The Peristaltick Motion, so necessary, .[to] the Expulsion of the Feculence. t Fe*culency. Obs. Also 7 feculancy, foecu- lency. [ad. L. fxculentia : see prec. and -ency.] 1 . = Feculence 1. 1651 Biggs New Disp. f 85 Mortality, feculency, and turbulency. 1671 J. Webster Metallogr. viii. 122 Nothing of impure sulphureous feculency. 1679 J. Goodman Penit. Pardoned 111. v. (1713) 347 Spiritual Bodies .. raised and sublimed from this drossy feculency. 2 . = Feculence 2 ; lit. and fig. In pi. Impurities. 1607 Topsell Serpents (1653) 811 ,1 cold never as yet finde .. drossy matter, or other feculency. 1655-87 H. More App. Antid. (1712) 215 The feculency of urine, that sinks to the bottom of the glass. 1680 Boyle Scept. Chem. vi. 418 That crust or dry feculancy .. called Tartar. 1772 Jackson in Phil. Trans. LXIII. 6 The reciprocal attraction of the particles of isinglass and the feculencies of the beer. 1822 Burrowes Cycl. X. 287/1 The liquor sometimes thickens too fast to permit the feculencies to rise in the scum. Feculent (fe’kitflent), a. Also 6 feaculent, 7-9 faeculent. [a. Yi. feculent, ad. Y. feculent us, i.fxc-,fxx\ see F/eces and -ulent.] 1 . Containing or of the nature of faces or dregs; abounding with sediment or impurities; thick, turbid. Now usually with stronger sense : Laden or polluted with filth ; foul, fetid. 1471 Ripley Comp. Alch. in. in Ashm. (1652) 140 Feculent feces. JS 7 8 Banister Hist. Man v. 81 The grosse and feaculent part of blood. 1607 Topsell Serpents (1608) 71 Any feculent or dreggy refuse. 1686 Goad Celcst. Bodies in. iii. 445 A misty Air, Fog and Fajculent. *21703 Bur- kitt On N. T. Rev. xxii. 1 A river, not of muddy or feculent water, but clear as crystal. 1777 Howard Prisons Eng. (1780) 8 Air which has performed its office in the lungs, is feculent and noxious. 1804 Med. Jrnl. XII. 469 The evacuation of fceculent matter. fig. 1653 Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 300 Such feculent stuff. 1660 Waterhouse Arms Arm. 200 Heralds, .distinguish¬ able from the fa;culent plebs .. by their gay Coats, a 1734 North Exam. 11. v. § 93 (1740) 373 Every Word here is feculent and stinks. 1866 Lond. Rev. 4 Aug. 130/1 The most feculent corruptions of modern civilization. + 2 . Covered with fceces ; filthy. Obs. 1590 Spenser F. Q. ii. vii. 61 Both his handes most filthy feculent. Feculite (fe-kirflait). Chem. [f. Fjecula + -ite.] (See quot.) 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Feculite, a term given to pulverulent vegetable substances .. which are soluble in hot water, and when treated with nitric acid yield oxalic and malic acids. Fecund (fe'kond, fTk»nd), a. Forms : 5-7 fecond, 5 fecounde,*^ foecund, 6- fecund, [a. F. fecond, ad. L. fccundus fruitful. In the 16th c. the spelling was refashioned after Lat.] 1 . Of animals, the earth, etc. : Capable of pro¬ ducing offspring or vegetable growth abundantly ; prolific, fertile. In lit. sense somewhat arch. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 77 Make a dyche, and yf the moolde abounde And wol not in agayne, it is fecounde. Ibid. 1. 985 That wol make all fecundare On every side. x 537 tr - Latimer's 2nd Serm. bef Convocation i. 42 He was so fecund a father, and had gotten so many children. 1671 Grew Anat. Plants 1. iv. App. (1682) 33 Thorns, from the outer and less fecund Part. 1676 Phil. Trans. II. 594 Animals fecond enough. 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 489 The most Benign and Fecund Begetter of all things. 1721 Bradley Wks. Nature 30 The Nourishment and Growth of the Embrio Seed after its Germe is made fecund, b. transf. and fig. c 1400 Test. Love 111. (1560) 294/2 Al your workes be cleped fecond. 1793 J. Williams Authentic Mem. Warren Hastings 54 The most considerable, .of Mr. Burke’s poli¬ tical apophthegms seem to quit their fecund parent . .when they are matured. 1849 Ruskin Scv. Lamps vi. § 4. 166 This is. .fecund of other fault and misfortune. 1854 Fraser's Mag. XLIX. 19 The printing presses of Paris..so prolific and fecund in all kind of fruit. 1884 Sat. Rev. 14 June 784/2 The most brilliant and fecund era in the history of music. 2 . Producing fertility, fertilizing. Cf. Fecun¬ dity 5. 1686 Goad Celest. Bodies 11. x. 289 We are troubled with Aquatique Signs, as if our Aspect was most Foecund. 1827 J. F. Cooper Prairie II. xv. 28 Which yielded, in return for the fecund gift, a scanty growth of grass. Hence Fe cundness, the state of being fecund. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. Fecundate (fe'kzmd^t, fpkimd^t), v. [f. L. fecunddt- ppl. stem of fecundare, f. fecundus fruitful.] trails. To render fruitful or productive. *21631 Donne Semi, xxxi.304 He. .actuates and fecundates our Soules. 1648 W. Mountague Devout Ess. 11. iv. § 4 (1653) 77 These meditations, .may.. fecundate ev’n the best mould they fall upon. 1850 Neale Med. Hymns (1867) no Paradise ..is fecundated With the waters irrigated From these rills. 1863 Jrnl. Pract. Med. § Surg .. Oct., Fresh researches may possibly fecundate this ingenious applica¬ tion. 1870 Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. 1. (1873) 203 Even the Trouveres .. could fecundate a great poet like Chaucer. absol. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vii. vii. 352 It may be thought that Mandrakes may fecundate since Poppy hath obtained the Epithite of fruitfull. b. esp. To make the female (individual or organ) fruitful by the introduction of the male element; to impregnate. 1721 Bradley Wks. Nature 31 Guarded with Petals or other Membranes ; and yet are fecundated by the Dust of Male Flowers. 1781-7 R. Watson Chem. Ess. V. 144 The eastern practice of fatcundating the female palm tree. 1796 De Serra in Phil. Trans. LXXXVI. 503 The germen ..is probably fecundated through its receptaculum. 1876 FECUNDATION FEDERALISM. Darwin Crossfertil. i. 7 Nature has something more in view than that its own proper males should fecundate each blossom. Ilcnce Fe cundated ppl. a. Fe'cundating vbl. sb. Fecundating ppl. a. 1796 De Sf.rra in Phil. Trans. LXXXVI. 502 Which opens itself afterwards to let loose the fecundated seeds. 1800 hied. Jrnl. III. 259 The heart is the first visible object in the punctual saliens of the fecundated egg. 1872 Peaslee Ovar. Tumours 12 The fecundated ovum increases in size while traversing the oviduct. 1677 Hale Prim. Orig. Alan. iv. ii. 300 The Fecundating Principle. 1721 Bradley Wks. Nature 101 It must necessarily happen that the fecundating Spirit is dissipated. 1813 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. XC. 452 This fecundating force, this power of prompting efforts at reproduction is possessed by every writer. 1880 Huxley Crayfish i. 39 The fecundating material itself is a thickish fluid. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fecundating corpuscles, the spermatozoa. Fecundating dust, the pollen of plants. Fecundation (fe-, f/kimd^pn). [n. of action f. L .fecunddre : see prec. and -ation.] The pro¬ cess of fecundating ; fertilization, impregnation. 1541 R. Copland Guy don’s Quest. Chirurg., Or that ye make fecondacyon. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vu. vii. 350 A common conceit, that Rachel requested these plants as a medicine of fecundation. 1721 Bradley Wks. Nature 31 This Fecundation is done by the help of the Wind, which conveys the prolifick Dust into the Tubes of the Pestils. 1851 Carpenter Man. P/tys. (ed. 2) 486 Every¬ thing indicates that the contact of the Spermatozoon with the Ovulum is the one thing needful in the act of fecunda¬ tion. FeCUlldator (fe - -, frkzmd/itai). [agent-11, f. L . fecunddre \ see Fecundate. Cf. Y.fecondateur.'] One who or that which fecundates. 1883 B. W. Richardson Field of Disease lit. 1. vii. 789 There may the filarial disease exist, with the mosquito as the fecundator and carrier. Fecundatory (f/kwndalori), a. [T.Fecundate- + -ory.] Of or pertaining to fecundation. 1839 Fraser s Mag. XX. 208 The heavens, light, and fire, or the fecundatory powers of nature. + Fecu’ndify, v. Obs. rare. [f. Fecund p -(i)fy.] = Fecundate. 1730-6 in Bailey (folio). 1763 Nat. Hist, in Ann. Reg. 82/2 The eggs are deposited almost immediately after they are fecundified. Fecundity (f/karnditi). fad. L . fecunditdl-em fruitfulness, f. fecundus : see Fecund and -ity. Cf. F. fecondilc.\ 1 . Of female animals : The faculty of reproduc¬ tion, the capacity for bringing forth young; pro¬ ductiveness. 1447 Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.)5oWhan thou. .hast fecun- dyte Than schul they yiftes acceptable be. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts (1673) 217 The fcecundity of the beast that beareth them. 1727 Bradley Fam. Diet. s.v. Bee , His Fecun¬ dity is such almost throughout the Year, that [etc.]. 1775 Johnson Tax. no Tyr. 7 They multiply with the fecundity of their own rattlesnakes. 1856 Grindon Life ix. (1875) 112 The most astonishing examples of fecundity occur among fishes and insects. 2 . Bot . The faculty or power of germinating. 1691 Ray Creation (1714) 300 Some seeds that retain their Fecundity forty Years. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fecundity.. in Botany, the capacity of a seed for germination. 3 . Of the earth: The quality of producing abundantly ; fertility. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 57 Ffecunditee thowe see thus in this lande, 1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 320 The., fecundite or plentuosenes of the soyle. 1548 Hall Chron . Hen. VII an. 12. 41 a, The Cornyshe men inhabityng the least parte of the realme .. and without all fecunditee, com- pleyned and grudged greatly. 1622 T. Scott Belg. Pismire 2 The Earth .. prevented thy desires with overflowing fecunditie. 1718 J. Chamberlayne Relig. Philos. (1730) II. xx. § 7 It [the Earth] has never failed, nor entirely lost its Foecundity. 1843 Prescott Mexico iv. vii. (1864) 251 The marvellous fecundity of the soil. 4 . Productiveness in general, the faculty or power of being fruitful, fertility : a. of material things. 1555 Eden Decades 266 It noryssheth the fecunditie of thynges generate. 1662 J. Davies tr. Mandelslo's Trav. 137 This fecundity lasts all night, till the returne of the Sunne makes both the flowers and leaves drop off. 1721 Bradley IVks. Nature 102 That Fecundity, which, .antient Physicians .. attributed to a Sympathy, or Love among Trees. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1709) I. 573 It is not the heat of the Tropics which gives to this tree a fecundity so constant, and so varied. 1836 Mac- gillivray tr .Humboldt's Trav. xiv. 181 A few drops of a vegetable fluid impress us with an idea of the. .fecundity of nature. 1855 Milman Lat.Chr. (1864) II. in. vi. 93 The monks seemed to multiply with greater fecundity than the population of the most flourishing cities, b. of immaterial things. 1621 Donne Serm. xliii. 427 The Fecundity of the words. 1691 Ray Creation (1714) j8 A demonstrative Proof of the.. feccundity of His Wisdom and Power. 1789 Bentham Princ. Legist, xii. § 17 The mischief, .is. .in point of fecun¬ dity pregnant to a degree that baffles calculation. 1824 W. Irving T. Trav. II. 54 The extreme fecundity of the press. 1842 H. Rogers Ess. I. i. 10 That fecundity of fancy, which can adorn whatever it touches. 5 . The capacity for making fruitful or productive, fertilizing power. 1642 H. More Immortal, of Souls in. iii. 169 The fixed sunne .. through his fecundity Peoples the world. 1680 Morden Geog. Red. (1685) 443 The River Nilus is famous for its Greatness and Foecundity. i860 Pusey Min. Profit. 144 The ancients thought that the waters of the Nile must have some power of fecundity. 1868 Peard Water'Farm. xii. 120 The fecundity of ‘ the springs \ 126 Fecundize (fe*-, frkimdaiz;, v. [f. Fecund + -ize.] = Fecundate. 1828 Wilson in Blackiv. Mag. XXIV. 652 It fecundizes the imagination with poetic forms. t Fecirndous, a. Obs. Also 7 fecundious. [f. as prec. + -(i)ous.] = Fecund. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Wks. 1. 103 The .. fecundious fat of the Goose’s Axungia. 1737 M. Green Spleen 408 The press from her fecundous womb Brought forth the arts of Greece and Rome. Fed (fed), sb. U.S. [Short for federalist .] = Federalist sb. 2. 1807 W. Irving Life $ Lett. (1864) I. xii. 187, I had three or four good Feds sprawling around me on the floor. -|- Fed, fede, ct. and sl>. Obs. Also fedd, feid, pi. fede, -es, -is. [app. repr. OE. *gefueged (weak decl. *gefigda, -e), pa. pple. of gefxgan (early ME. ifvicn, iveiett to set at variance: see I-fay v.), i. gefd : see Foe.] A. adj. At variance, hostile. c 1250 To Fortune in Old Ettg. Misc. 86 Wyh freomen ha art ferly feid. a 1300 Cursor M. 8535 (Cott.) Cartage .. to ronte was euer fede. B. sb. An enemy; spec, the fiend, devil. a 1300 Cursor M. 7935 (Cott.) ‘pat man, - he said, ‘esgodds fed.' Ibid. 12948 (Gdtt.)pan said fie lauerd to fie fede ‘ Man mai noght line allane wid brede’. / bid. 23746 (Cott.) Again vr fedes thrill to strijf, vr flexs, fiis werld, and fie wartau. Fed, obs. form of Feud sb.\ enmity. Fed (fed),///, a. [Pa. pple. of Feed 71.] In various senses of the vb. a. Supplied with food ; hence, nourished ; lit. and fig. Chiefly with adv. prefixed, as highly, well fed-, also in comb, with prefixed sb., as in bacon-, bounty-, grass-, rump-, stall-fed, etc. (see the sbs.). +b. = Fatted {obs.). a. 1483 Cath. Angl. 124/2 Fedd, fast us, cibatus. 1579 Fui.ke HcsJcins' Paid. 389 One of the feeid and fed seruants of y’ Pope. 1601 Shaks. All's Well 11. ii. 3, I will shew my selfe highly fed. Ibid. 11. iv. 39 A good knaue ifaith, and well fed. 1621 Lady M. Wroth Urania 378 His fed imagination .. is so soone made to sterue againe. 1887 Ruskin Prcetcrita II. 235 A clear dashing stream, not ice fed, but mere fountain and rainfall. 1892 R. Killing Barrack-r. Ballads (ed. 2) 140 To the cod and the corpse-fed conger-eel. b. 1535 Coverdale Luke xv. 27 Thy father hath slayne a fed calfe because he hath receaued him safe and sounde. 1549 Compl. Scot. vi. 39 The fox follouit the fed geise. a 1623 W. Pemble Worthy Rec. Lord's Supper (1628) 61 The blood of bullocks, and fat of fed beasts. Fedam, obs. form of Feydom. t Fedarie. Obs. Also feedarie, federarie. fvar. of feodary Feudary, q. v.; but used by Shaks. in sense due to erroneous association with L. fadus : see Federal. The form federarie, which would be a correctly formed derivative of feedus, but occurs only in a single passage of the First Folio, is perhaps a misprint or a scholarly correc¬ tion, as the usual iorm fedarie suits the metre better. The Second Folio and most subsequent edd. read feodarie , - y , in all the passages.] A confederate, accomplice. 1603 Shaks. Meas.for II. 11. iv. 122 Else let my brother die, If not a fedarie but onely he Owe, and succeed thy weaknesse. 1611 — Cymb. 111. ii. 21 Art thou a Foedarie for this Act? 1611 — Wint. T. 11. i. 90 Shee’s a Traytor, and Camillo is A Federarie with her. II Feddan (fed. Obs. rare . [f. prec. sb.] (See quot.) 1611 Cotgr., Cadeler, to cocker, pamper, fedle, cherish, make much of. Ibid., Mignoter, to dandle, feddle. Hence + Fe*ddled ppl. a . + Fe ddling vbl. sb. 1611 Cotgr., Cade IS, -ie, cockered, pampered, fedled, cherished. Ibid., Mignotise, a dandling, fedling, cockering. Feddomf obs. form of Fathom. Fede, var. of Fade a. x , and Feud sb. 1, enmity. Feder, obs. form of Father, Feather. Federacy (fe'derasi). [f. late L. faderatus Federate ppl. a., after Confederacy ; see -acy.] 1 . The state of being joined by a treaty; an instance of this, an alliance, rare. 1647 Ward Simp. Cobler 32 Forreigne federacies. 1692- 1732 in Coles. 1855 Singleton Virgil II. 240 Dardama’s chosen chiefs Have come entreating fed’racy of arms. 2 . A body of federated states; = Confederacy 3. 1803 E-din. Rev. I. 354 To render Europe a united whole within itself., a great federacy. 1862 Brougham Brit.Const, iv. 58 The central government in a Federacy is of necessity feeble. Federal federal), a. and sb. Also 7-8 foederal. [a. F. federal, f. L. type *faderdl-is, f. fader-, fadus covenant (:—pre-Lat. *bkoidhes-) cognate with fides Faith.] A. adj. 1. t a - g en * Of or pertaining to a covenant, compact, or treaty. Obs. 1660 Stillingkl. Iren. 1. iv. (1662) 91 The sprinkling of the blood which was the main thing intended here as a foederal rite. 1701 Grew Cosm. Sacra hi. iv. 113 The Romans compell’d them .. contrary to all Foederal Right and Justice.. to part with Sardinia. 1789 G. White Sclborne (1853) 336 Not so the sage: inspired with pious awe He hails the federal arch. 1825 T. Jefferson Autobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 15 Our connection had been federal only, and was now dissolved by the commencement of hostilities. b. spec. (Thcol.) Pertaining to or based upon the Covenant of Works, or Covenant of Grace. Also, Constituting or expressing a covenant entered into by an individual with God. See Covenant sb. 8. Federal theology: the system based on the doctrine of covenants made by God with Adam as representing man¬ kind, and with Christ as representing the Church. Federal head := covenant-head (Covenant so. io b), applied to Adam and Christ. 1645 Ussher Body Div. (1647) 418 There is a fcederall sanctity, or external! and visible holinesse at least in children of believing parents. 1649 Jer. Tayi.or Gt. Exemf. 11. viii. 71 Our restitution and accesse to the first fcederall condition. 1673 True Worsh. God 30 The Sacrament of Christs Body and Blood .. being a Falderal Banquet. 1737 Waterland Eucharist 424 The Service of the Holy Communion carries in it something of a federal Nature, is a kind of covenanting or stipulating Act. a 1800 Cowfer On Milton s P. L. Wks. 1837 XV. 339 Christ becomes the fcederal head of his church. 1878 Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) VI. 91 As one of the leading ex¬ ponents of * federal ’ theology, he [Cocceius] spiritualized the Hebrew Scriptures to such an extent that [etc.]. 2 . Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, that form of government in which two or more states constitute a political unity while remaining more or less independent with regard to their internal affairs. This sense arises from the contextual meaning of phrases like federal union, in which the adj. was originally used in sense 1 a. [1707 Seton Sp. in Sc. Parlt. in Pari. Hist. VI. App. 142 Sweden and Denmark were united by a foederal compact under one monarch.] 1777 Robertson Hist. Amer. (1783) II. 197 The celebrated league, that united the Five Nations in Canada into a federal republic. 1787 J. Barlow Oration 4 July 8 The establishment of a permanent foederal system. 1832 Lewis Use <$• Ab. Pol. Terms x. 88 A federal govern¬ ment is when an union is formed between several States. *837 Calhoun Wks. III. 166 The party who believed that this was a Federal Republic. 1851 Ht. M arti neau Hist. Peace (1877) III. v. xii. 449 The scheme of constituting a federal union of the British North American provinces. 1874 Stubbs Const. Hist . (1875) I. ii. 26 There was not. .any federal bond among the several tribes. b. Of or pertaining to the political unity so con¬ stituted, as distinguished from the separate states composing it. 1789 T. Jefferson Writ. (1859) II. 576 They have passed a bill rendering every person holding any federal office in¬ capable of holding at the same time any State office. 1796 Washington Let. Writings 1892 XIII. 342 One or other of the proprietors in the Federal City. 1844 Thirlwall Greece VIII. Ixi. 83 The federal sovereignty resided in the general assembly. 1876 Mathews Coinage xxi. 198 It was not until several years after the declaration of Independence (1776) that a Federal coinage was issued. 1891 Speaker 11 July 36/1 Into both federal and cantonal legislation the Refe¬ rendum has been introduced. 3 . U.S. Hist. a. Favouring the establishment of a strong federal, i.e. central government. 1788 Loud. Mag. 21 [The people of Massachusetts] for¬ ward in promoting the fcederal interest. 1789 T. Jeffer¬ son Writ. (1859) II. 576 Everywhere the elections are federal. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 587 Marylanders., are in general very federal. 1839 Calhoun Wks. III. 391 He [Hamilton] is the .. impersonation of the national or Federal School..as Jefferson is of the State Rights Re¬ publican School. 1888 Bryce Amer. Comnnv. II. in. liii. 332 The disappearance of the Federal party between 1815 and 1820 left the Republicans masters of the field. b. In the American Civil War of 1861-65: Of or pertaining to the Northern or Union party, or its supporters, troops, etc. 1861 O. W. Holmes Pages fr. Old Vol. Life (1891) 2 A sad disaster to the Federal army. 1863 Dicey Federal St. II. 241 The stories of the barbarities and cruelties inflicted by the Confederates on Federal prisoners. 1878 N. Amer. Rev. CXXVI. 238 A loud Federal cheer was heard, proving Jackson to be bard pressed. 4 . United in a league, allied, confederated, rare. 1867 J. B. Rose tr. Virgil's AEncid 105 No fleet of mine was federal ’gainst Troy. B. sb. Chiefly //. One on the side of the Union in the American Civil War of 1861-65; esp. a soldier in the Northern army. 1870 A. H. Stephens Hist. IVar betw. States II. xxiii. 582 Two grand campaigns were now again clearly developed by the Federals. 1871 Sir S. Nohthcote Life, Lett. <$• Diaries (1890) II. 38 Timidly putting in a plea for a few flowers to two or three graves of Federals also. Federalism (fe‘deraliz’m). [ad.F .fideralisme, f. federal : see Federal and -ism.] The federal principle or system of political organization (see Federal a . 2 a) ; advocacy of this principle. In U.S. Hist, the principles of the Federal party: see Federal 3 a. FEDERALIST 127 FEE. 1793 Burkf. Policy of Allies Wks. VII. 133 We see every man that the jacobins chuse to apprehend, .conveyed to prison, .whether he is suspected of royalism, or federalism, inoderantism, democracy royal, or [etc.]. 1804 Southey in Ann. Rev. II. 207 Federalism would have been too loose a tie. 1843 Whittier Democr. Slavery Prose Wks. 1889 III. 112 State after state revolted from the ranks of federalism. .844 Sir J. Graham in Croker Papers (1884) III. xxiii. 20 In Ireland .. Federalism .. with growing dis¬ content, is gaining ground. 1876 H. C. Lodge in N.Amer. Rev. CXXIII. 116 The chapter on ‘The Treasury and Federalism *. Federalist (fe deralist), sb. [ad. Y .fcdcralistc : see Federal and -ist] 1 . One who advocates or supports federalism or federal union. 179a Explan. New Terms in Ann. Reg. p. xv, Federalists, or friends to a federal union ; such as that .. among the United States of America. 1794 Burke Pref. BrissoPs Addr. Wks. VII. 318 The Girondin faction on this account received also the name of federalists. 1851 Gallenga Italy II. xii. 436 The federalists in Switzerland have only yesterday baffled both those evil powers. 1863 Fawcett Pol. Econ. 11. x. (1876) 275 The federalists say that if all the productive societies are in direct connection with the Central Wholesale Society a [etc.]. 2 . U.S. Hist. A member or supporter of the Federal party. See Federal a. 3. 1787 Madison in Federalist No. 10 Cherishing the spirit and supporting the character of Federalists. 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer. II. 30 The federalists are the great f iatrons of commerce. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. II. in. iii. 325 The advocates of a central national authority had begun to receive the name of Federalists. 3 . attrib. 1801 W. Dutr£ Neolog. Fr. Diet. 117 Federalist motions and intrigues. 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer. III. 289 The federalist merchants and lawyers consider the clergy so little fit for common affairs as to call them a set of people between men and women. 1876 N. Amer. Rev. July 130 The Federalist party was a very remarkable political organ¬ ization. Hence Federali'stic a ., inclined to federalism. 186a Parthenon 26 July 398 Before 1848, Italy was more ‘federalistic ’ than unitarist. Federalization (fe•derabizt" i -Jbn). [f. next + -ation.] The action of federalizing or the slate of being federalized. 1864 in Worcester (citing Stiles). 1885 Pall Mall G. 29 June 12/2 This advantage they will gain by the federal¬ ization of the fleet. 1890 Spectator 2 Aug., Obviously the people of San Salvador do not desire fecleralisation. Federalize (fe*d£rabiz), v. [f. Federal a. 4- -ize.] a. trans. To make federal, unite in federal union, b. To decentralize; to take from the central authority and hand over to federal bodies in the state, or to federal states in a union. 1801 W. Dupr£ Neolog. Fr. Diet. 116 Federaliser , to federalize ; to form confederacies, or factions, as that of the Brissotines, or Girondistes. 1847 Craig, Federalize , to unite in compact, as different states; to confederate for political purposes. 1885 Pall Mall G. 29 June 12^1 Advice which may be condensed into one short sentence—Federalize the fleet. 1885 Munch. Exam. 6 July 5/2 We are asked to federalise our institutions. 1889 Times 30 Oct. 8 '2 He was not likely to suppose that we could federalize a part of a realm. Hence Fe’deralized, Fe deralizing ppl. adjs. 1884 Pall Mall G. 4 Apr. 11/2 He established in Australia 300 federalized branches of the National League. 1889 Spectator 9 Nov. 627/2 The federating revolution even Mr. Morley himself ridicules. Federally (fe'derali), adv. [f. Federal a. + -ly -.] In a federal manner, a. Theol. On the basis or faith of a covenant, b. After the manner of a federation. 1644-5 in Scobell Acts «$• Ord. 1. (1658) 83 They are Christians and fcederally holy before Baptism. 1692 Burnet Past. Care viii. 94 A share in all which is there Federally offered to us. a 1703 Burkitt On N. T. Matt. xxii. 33 Their souls are yet alive, fredrally alive unto God. 1843 J. Martineau Chr. Life (1867) 142 A company of nations, federally bound of God. + Federalness (fe*tleralnes). Ohs. rare. [f. as prec. +-NESS.] The state of being federal; federal character. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. Federarie: see Fedarie, Obs. Federate (fe’der^t), a. and sb. [ad. L. feederat- us, pa. pple. of feederdre: see next.] A. adj. Federated, confederate, allied, in league. 1710 Shaftesb. Adv. to Author 11. § 2. 83 Those compos’d of federate Tribes, or mix’t Colonys. 1766 Waruurton AT liance betw. Church State 11. iii. (ed. 4) 194 In a federate Alliance, the two Societies still subsist intire. 1808 G. Edwards Pract. Plan i. 3 The possibility of the maritime superiority of France, and her federate powers. 1855 Singleton Virgil II. 427 [Me,] who have followed Trojans’ fed’rate arms. 1885 Pall Mall G. 28 Oct. 2/1 There may . .be the greatest inequality between the federate States. B. sb. 1 . One of the parties to a covenant. 1671 Flavel Fount. Life iii. 6 Redemption, .differs from the Covenant of Grace, .in regard of the Federates. 2 . French Hist. Used as a translation of Fr. federi. a. A member of one of the armed associa¬ tions formed during the first French Revolution, or during the Hundred Days in 1815, or a member of the Commune in 1871. b. A deputy to the Fete of the Federation, July 14, 1790. 1792 Hist, in Ann. Reg. 49 They invited anped federates, as they were called, in July 1791, to Paris. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. 11. 1. xi, From all points of the compass, Federates are arriving. 1871 Echo 12 Apr. 3 It seems to me that the Government of Versailles has all along taken a wrong esti¬ mate of the federates of the Commune. Federate (fedenrh\ v. [f. L. feederat- ppl. stem of fader arc, {.fader-, feedus : see Federal.] a. intr. To enter into a league for a common object, b. trans. To band together as a league ; to organize on a federal basis. >837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. 11. 1. viii, Thus, at Lyons .. we behold as many as fifty, or. .sixty thousand, met to federated 1884 Pall Mall G. 22 Nov. 1/2 We shall be compelled to grant Home Rule, and Home Rule will drive us irresistibly to federate the empire. 1884 J. Douglas in 19 th Cent. Dec. 854 A strong recommendation to federate, which came from a Royal Commission .. at Melbourne. 1885 Lowe Bismarck II. 162 Did the Chancellor himself, too, dream of federating the Continent against England ? Hence Fe derated, ppl. a. ; Federating ppl. a. 1814 Wellington in Gurw. Desp. XII. 43 To hold them as dependent or federated states rather than as colonies. 1883 W. Westgarth in Pall Mall G. 22 Oct. 2/1 Although annexation is refused to Queensland, to a federated Austral¬ asia it would be allowed. 1885 Ibid. 10 Jan. 1/2 The mutual consent of the federating communities. Federation (federi-Jan). [a. F. federation, ad. L. faderdtion-em, n. of action f. feederdre : see Federate v. and -ation.] 1 . The action of federating or uniting in a league or covenant. Now chiefly spec, the formation of a political unity out of a number of separate states, provinces, or colonies, so that each retains the management of its internal affairs ; a similar pro¬ cess applied to a number of separate societies, etc. 1721-1800 Bailey, Federation , a Covenanting. 1867 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) I. iii. 98 There must have been, if not centralization, at any rate something like federation. 1888 Sir C. G. Duffy in Contemp. Rev. Jan. 27 If federation of the colonies be partly accomplished. b. Federation of the {British) Empire, Imperial Federation : a proposed readjustment of the rela¬ tions between the various parts of the empire, by which the colonies would share with the mother country the control and the cost of all measures taken for the safety and well-being of the empire as a whole. 1885 Mrq. Lorne (title), Imperial Federation. 1886 Pall Mall G. 16 June 11/1 A paper was read by Sir George F. Bowen on ‘The Federation of the British Empire'.. He adopted Mr. Forster's definition of. .Imperial Federation — viz., such a union of the mother country with her colonies as would keep the British Empire one State in relation to other States, through the agency of an organisation for common defence, and a joint foreign policy. 2 . A society or league formed for joint action or mutual support; now chiefly, a body formed by a number of separate states, societies, etc., each re¬ taining control of its own internal affairs. Now often in names of political societies and trade-unions, as, the Miners’ Federation, the National Liberal Federation, the Social Democratic Federation, the Shipping Federation. 1791 Burke App. IVhigs Wks. VI. 126 Is he obliged .. to keep any terms with those clubs and federations? 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. xix. 325 The Batavian federation. 1859 Helps Friends in C. Ser. 11. I. Addr. to Rdr. 5 There would be a federation amongst the sensible, .people. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 40 All this was in the century preceding the formation of the Hanseatic federation. 1865 H. Kingsley Hillyars 4* Burtons lxii, The Australian Federation, .need not despair of finding a casus belli among themselves. 1892 Daily News 14 Mar. 5/8 In Durham the Federation means the union of the Durham collieries, 3 . attril>. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. 11. iv. ix, Our sublime Federation Field is wetted .. with French blood. 1893 / Vestm. Gaz. 8 Apr. 5/2 At an evening meeting Shipping Federation cards and books, .were burnt. Hence Federationist, an advocate of federation. 1865 Pall Mall G. 27 Apr. 5 The object of the Federa- tionists. 1887 Athcnxum 28 May 703/1 The federationist leaves this problem ‘ outside the discussion Federatist (fe*deratist). [f. Federate v. + -ist.] = Federationist. 1884 J. Douglas in 19//* Cent. Dec. 853 The Imperial Federalists. Federative (fcder/liv), a. [f. L. feederdt - (see Federate v.) +-ive. Cf. F. fede rat if, -ivci\ + 1 . Of or pertaining to the formation of a cove¬ nant, league, or alliance. Obs. exc. Hist. 1690 Locke Govt. 11. § 146 This [power] contains the Power of. .Leagues and Alliances, .and may be called Federative. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 227 The power to which our constitu¬ tion has exclusively delegated the federative capacity of this kingdom. 1874 Green Short Hist. ix. § 9 (1876) 697 The Scotch proposals of a federative rather than a legis¬ lative union were set aside. 2 . Of or pertaining to a federation; forming part of a federation ; of the nature of a federation. 1781 Gibbon Decl. f F. lxx. (1828) VIII. 395 A vast., idea of uniting Italy in a great foederative republic. 1825 T. Jefferson Antobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 78 Our first essay, in America, to establish a federative government had fallen .. very short of its object. 1846 Grote Greece n. iv. II. 430 Argos, with the federative cities attached to her. 1851 Gallenga Italy 39 This federative work developes .. diffi¬ culties. 3 . Inclined to form federations. 1885 E. C. Stf.dman in Century Mag. XXIX. 506 The numberless corporations of the federative Saxon race, 1886 Blacfau. Mag. CXXXIX. 582 They acquire .. a sort of clannish and federative spirit. Hence Federatively adv. 1823 Southey Hist. Penins. War I. 51 All the inferior powers., had contracted, .federatively and individually, an alliance with the Emperor Napoleon. 1851 Sir F. Palgrave Norm . Eng. I. 89 The authorities and tribunals federa¬ tively combined in our political constitution. 1854 St. Andr£ Land of Rejuge 55 Any established body not federatively constituted. t Federatory, a. Obs. rare— 1 , [f. as prec. + -ORY.] = Federative i. 1692 Covt. Grace Conditional 56 When God for his part performs the federatory action. t Fe'dered, ppl • a. Obs. rare- 1 , [ad. L. feederdtus : see Federate a. and -ed 1 .] Allied or leagued together. 1382 Wyclif Prov. xvii. 9 Who with an other sermoun reherceth, seuereth the federed. Federo-, used by Jefferson as combining form of Federal ; see quots. 1786 T. Jefferson Writ. (1859)11. 12, I had applied that [appellation] of Federo Americans to our citizens. 1804 Ibid. (1830) IV. 16 A bastard system of federo-republicanisin [i. e. a mixture of Federalist and Republican principles]. t Fedifraxtion. Obs. rare— 1 , [as if ad. L. *fadifractidn-em, f. fadus compact + -fractidncm a breaking. Cf. next.] Breach of covenant. 1650 B. Discollvninium 45, I .. shall be allowed the full benefit of all the .. plenipotentialities and fedifractions that 1. .can devise. 1 - Fedifragous, a. Obs. [f. L. feedifrag-us {{.foedns compact + root of frangere to break) + -ous.] Compact-breaking, iaithless, perfidious. 1600 Abp. Abbott Exp. Jonah 359 Perfidious, and fedi- fragous, and barbarous Princes. 1651 C. Loz'e's Case 53 Such desultory and fedifragous practices. absol. 1632 Vicars tr. Virgil's TEneid xii. 384 Jove.. whose thunders great Do truces tie, fright the fedifragous. Fedill, earlier form of Feddle sb. Obs. + Feeding. Obs. rare. 1506 Ord. Chr. Men (W. de Worde) 1. iii. 33, I the com- mande .. acursed spyryte fedynge \spiritus immundc] that thou go thy wayes. 1551 Gray's N. Y. Gift in Furnivall Ball. fr. MSS. I. 419 They clerelye deface vs with theire popishe fedynges [rime-wd. proceedynges]. t Fe’dity. Obs. Also 6 feditee, 7 feedity. [ad. L .faditdt-em, i.fcedus foul: see -ity.] 1 . Foulness, impurity, loathsomeness, whether moral or physical. 1542 Udall in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 6 Xenocrates.. began sumwhat to declare of the feditee of riot and drunkeness. a 1619 Fotherby Atheom. 1. xi. § 4 (1622) 116 All these delicacies, .when they come into the belly, they are wrapt vp together, in one and the same feedity. 1649 Bp. Hall Cases Consc. iv. x. (1654) 375 The feedity and un¬ naturalness of the match, a 1656 Ussher Ann. (1658) 342 Being conscious..of the feditie of his own desire. 1657 Tomlinson Renous Disp. 186 The..fedity of the skin. 1721-1800 in Bailey. 2 . pi. Foul or disgusting practices. 1539 Latimer Serm. <$• Rem. (1845) 417 When comperites doth shew what fedities doth grow. 1640 Bp. Hall Episc. 1. ii. 9 All the superstitions and feedities of the Romish Religion. 1675 J. Smith Chr. Relig. Appeal 11. 23 Charging them, .with the devouring of their own Children. .and many other fedities. 1755 G. Lavington Moravians compared 65 Some Fedities common amongst the Gnosticks, not fit to be named. Fedme, fepme, obs. forms of Fathom. Fedylle, obs. form of Fiddle. t Fee, sb. 1 Obs. Forms: 1 fioh, f6o, 1-3 feoh, 3-4 feo, 3 south, veo, 2-3 feh, 2 Orm. fehh, 2 6 fe, (3 feei, feih), 5-7 fie, (6 Sc. fye), 3-7 fee. [Common Teut. and Aryan : OE. fcoh, fioh, feo, str. neut., corresp. to OFris. fia, OS. fehu cattle, property (Du. vee cattle), OHG . film, fehu cattle, property, money (MHG. vihe, vehe, and mod.Ger. vieh has only the sense cattle), ON .fe cattle, pro¬ perty, money (Da. fine cattle, beast, Sw. fa beast), Goth, faihu property, money OTeut. *fehu\— OAryan *peku-, whence also Skr. pa$u masc., L. pecu neut. cattle (cf. L. pccunia money).] 1 . Live stock, cattle, whether large or small. Wild fee*, deer. ^900 K. /Elfred Zrt7t'sxlii, Gif pe becume oSres monnes giemeleas fioh on hand .. &ecy$e hit him. a 1000 Salomon Sat. 23 (Gr.) Feoh butan *ewitte. c 1250 Gen. <$• Ex. 783 Do sente he after abram.. And gaf him lond, and a^te, and fe. <*1300 Cursor M. 1059 (Cott.) pis abel was a hird for fee. 1375 Barbour Bruce x. 151 Ane That husband ves, and vith his fee Oftsis hay to the peill led he. C1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. 80 The keiper of the fie For verie woe woxe wanner nor the weid. la 1500 True Thomas 67 in Jamieson Pop. Ballads II. 15, I ride after the wilde fee; My raches renuen at my devys. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 343 Distroyit war all bowis, flokis and fie. 2 . Movable property in general; goods, posses¬ sions, wealth. r 888 K. /Leered Boeth. xiv. § 2 pa unjesceadwisan neo- tena lie wilniap nanes opres feos. c 1000 Ags. Ps. cviii. [cix.l 11 His feoh onfon fremde handa. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 109 pe feor 5 e unpeu is pet pe riche mon.. bihude his feh. < 1205 Lay. 4429 pc king him ?ette. .feoh ft faerde. c 1275 A Lime Ron 70 in O. F.. Misc. (1872) 95 Cesar riche of wordes feo. c 1330 A rth. <$• Merl. 418 He..bad he schuld cum him to help And he schuld haue half his fe. c 1460 Tovmehy Myst. 28 Do get in oure gere, oure catalle and fe, In to this vesselle here, 1526 Sw-UToti Magry/. 1993 Alasse, where is FEE. FEE. nowe my golde and fe? 1596 Drayton Legends iv. 74 Whose labour’d Anvile only was His Fee. 3 . Money. Beowulf 1380 Ic ]>e ]>a faehSe feo leani^e. c 870 Codex Aureus 5 in O. E. Texts (1885) 175 Mid uncre claene feo. 7:900 Breda's Eccl. Hist. m. xiv. [xix.] (1891) 216 ForSon &if ]>u pisses monnes fea [pecunia] in his synnum deades ne onfenge, ne burne his wiite on [>e. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt, x. 9 Naebbe £e gold ne seolfer ne feoh on eowrum bigyrd- lum. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 91 pa. .salden heore ehte and pet feh bitahten pam apostles, c 1200 Ormin 15968 He sellepp Hal 13 Oast forr fe. c 1205 Lay. 9176 He miSte ast-halden heore feoh pe Julius her fatte. a 1225 After. R. 326 Vor sunne is pes deofles feih pet he 3iue5 to gauel. a 1300 Floriz <$• Bl. 25 Floriz ne let for ne feo To linden al pat neod beo. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. viii. 754 Corrupte . .wyth pe kyng of Inglandis Fe. 1677 Lovers Quarrel 30 in Hazl. E. E. P. II. 254 God give you good of your gold, she said, And ever God give you good of your fee. 4 . Comb, fee-house, ( a ) in OE., a treasury, (/>) a cattle-shed. c 1000 VElfrics Voc. Sup. in Wr.-Wiilcker 184 VErarium, feohhus. 1483 Cath. Angl. 125/1 A Feehouse, bostar. Fee (f/), sb* Forms : 4-5 fe, feo, fey, 6 fie, 3- fee. PI. 3 fez, 3-4 feez, 5 fese, 5-6 feeze, 6 feas, feis, 4- fees. See also Feu, Feud sb.%, Fief sb. [a. AF. fee, fie = OF. fe, fie, *fiet (app. implied in fiez \A.)> fief,ficu, fin, Yx.feo, feu, fieu. It. fio (prob. from Fr. or Pr. ; the Langobardic Lat. faderfiiun is a compound of Teut . fcliu Fee sbF), med.L. feodum , feudum (first cited by Du Cange from a charter of Charles the Fat, A.D. 884), also fevum, fcum, feditim, in Sicily fegum. The mutual relation of the various Romanic and med.L. forms is somewhat obscure. According to some scholars, fief is a vbl. sb. f. fiever to grant in fee, f. feu, which, as well as the other forms of the sb., descends from feodum or its Teut. source. The ultimate etymology is uncertain. A prevalent view is that the word is f. OHG. fehn cattle, property, money ( = Fee sb. l ),+bd wealth, property. This must be rejected, because such an etymology could directly yield no other sense than that of ‘ movable property ’, which is very remote from the sense of feodum as used in early records, viz. usufruct granted in requital of service (often opposed to alodis, originally meaning ‘inheritance’); cf. the synonyms, Ger. leJicn, OE. Idn (the same word as Eng. loan), and L. beneficium , i. e. something granted to a sub¬ ject by the kindness of his lord. A more tenable theory is that the OF .fin is an adoption of the Teut .fehn in the contextual sense of ‘ wages, payment for service ’; the Rom. word certainly had this meaning (see branch 11 below), and it is conceivable that the feudal sense is a specific application of it. The d of the L. forms , feudum, feodum, however, is left unexplained by this hypothesis; some regard it as a euphonic insertion (comparing It. chiodo nail from vulgar L. *clo-Jtm from clamtrn) ; others think that it is due to the analogy of allodium ; and others suppose feudum to be a vbl. sb. f. feudare = feum dare\ but each of these views involves serious difficulties. It is not impossible that two originally distinct words may have been confused. A con¬ jecture proposed by Prof. Kern, and approved by some German jurists, is that feodum represents an OHG. *fehdd, related to the vb .fehdn, which is recorded only in the sense ‘ to eat, feed upon but is supposed on etymological grounds to have had the wider meaning ‘ to take for one's enjoyment’. This would account fairly well for the sense, but involves too much hypothesis to be accepted with confidence. It is curious, if the word be of Teut. formation, that there is no direct proof of its having existed in any Teut. language, nor is it found even in the L. text of the Frankish laws.] 1 . Feudal Law. An estate in land (in England always a heritable estate), held on condition of homage and service to a superior lord, by whom it is granted and in whom the ownership remains; a fief, feudal benefice. + To take (a person’s) fee : to become his vassal. Now only Hist. Ecclesiastical fee (L. feodum ecclesiasticum): one held by an ecclesiastical person or corporation, and not owing any but spiritual service. Knight's fee , lay fee \ see Knight sb., Lay a. [1292 Britton iii. ii. § 1 Plusours maneres des feez sount et de tenures.] c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 63 perfor vnto pam tuo he gaf Griffyns feez. c 1400 Melayne 1371 Allas..That ever I tuke thi fee ! 1473 Warkw. Chron. 23 A generalle resumpeion of alle lordschippes .. and feys grawntede be the Kynge. 1767 Blackstone Comm. II. 105 Feodum, or fee, is that which is held of some superior, on condition of rendering him service. 1836 Baines Hist. Lane. III. 204 The great fee or lordship of Pontefract was vested in them. 1844 Williams Real Prop. (1877) 43 The word fee anciently meant any estate feudally held of another person. 1863 H. Cox Inst it. 11. xi. 583 [Of the Counties Palatine] there remain now only those of Lancaster and Durham , .the latter formerly an ecclesiastical fee belonging to the Bishop of Durham. b. Phrases, ( As ) in or of fee ( = L. in, de feudo, nt in feudo '): by a heritable right subject to feudal obligations. Now only Hist. Also transf. and fig. [1292 Britton i. xxi. § 4 Autres qe il ne avoint en lour demeyne cum de fee.] c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 86 William pe Conqueror his ancestres & he Held with grete honour Normundie in fe Of alle kynges of France, c 1470 Henry Wallace x. 977 Schyr Amer hecht he suld it haifF in hyr Till hald in fe and othir landis mo. 1491 Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 12 § 5 That every recovery so had be as gode . .as if the King were seised of the premises in his demesne as of fee. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vi. ccxvii. 236 To. .holde it [the lande] of hym as in fee. 1587 Golding De Mornay xx. 305 Sith we hold all things of him [God] in fee, we owe him fealty and homage. 1852 Miss Yonge Cameos (1877) II. v. 57 The sovereignty of the provinces he now held in fee were made over to him. 2 . Common Law. An estate of inheritance in land. Also in phrases as in 1 b. (A fee js cither a Fee- 128 simple or a Fee-tail; but in fee is usually = ‘ in fee-simple *.) In Eng. Law theoretically identical with sense 1, all landed property being understood to be held feudally of the Crown. In the U.S. the holder of the fee is in theory as well as in fact the absolute owner of the land. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 700 The baronie he gaif To Durhame kirk in heretage and fie. 1628 Coke On Litt. iii. iv. § 293. 189 It is to be vnderstood that when it is said.. that a man is seised in fee. .it shall be intended in fee simple. 1764 Burn Poor Laws 184 To purchase lands in fee. 1809 J. Marshall Const. Opin. (1839) I2 6 Peck, .covenanted that Georgia, .was legally the owner in fee of the land in question. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I. 160 If a woman, tenant in tail general, makes a feoffment in fee, and takes back an estate in fee. Ibid. VI. 265 Here the fee was expressly given to the trustees. 1827 Jarman Powell's Devises II. 149 An estate of which the devisor was mortgagee in fee. 1844 Williams Real Prop. (1879) 43 A fee may now be said to mean an estate of inheritance. 1858 Polson Law <$• L. 197 Seized in fee. b. fig. esp. in phrase To hold in fee, to hold as one’s absolute and rightful possession. <2x553 Udall Royster D. iii. iv. (Arb.) 52 One madde propretie these women haue in fey, When ye will, they will not. 1639 G. Daniel Ecclus. xxiv. 64 My ffee [A.V. in¬ heritance] Is sweeter then Virgin-Combes, a 1674 Milton Sonn. xii, Which after held the sun and moon in fee. 1802 Wordsw. On Extinction Venet. Rep., Once did she hold the gorgeous East in fee. 1846 Trench Mirac. Introd. (1862) 38 Powers, .such rather as were evidently his own in fee. 1850 Tennyson hi Mem. lxxix, I know thee of what force thou art To hold the costliest love in fee. c. Base fee : see Base a. 11. Also (see quot.). 1883 F. Pollock Land Laws 108 The curious kind of estate created by the conveyance in fee-simple of a tenant in tail not in possession, without the concurrence of the owners of estates preceding his own, is called a base fee. d. In s.w. dialect. (See quots.) 7:1630 Risdon Surv. Devon § 91 (1810)87 This town con¬ sisted of three parts, the fee, the manor, and the borough ; the fee is of such freeholders and gentlemen as do dwell in Devonshire. 1880 IV. Cornw. Gloss., Fee , freehold property. ‘ Our house is fee’. e. At a pins fee ; at the value of a pin. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 1. iv. 65, I doe not set my life at a pin’s fee. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. VI. xvi. x. 260 The present Editor does not. .value the rumour at a pin’s fee. 3 . A territory held in fee ; a lordship. [1292 Britton iii. ii. § 1 Qe les seignurs des fez eyent les gardes de lour feez.] 1413 Lydg. Pilgr. Sowle iv. xxvi. (1483) 72 Vnder thy lord god as chyef lord of the fee. c 1430 Syr Tryam. 1056, Xij fosters, .that were kepars of that fee. 15.. Adam Bel 56 in Hazl. E. P. P. II. 162 Forty fosters of the fe These outlawes had y-slaw. 1741 T. Robinson Gavelkind v. 49 The Tenements within the Fee were not departible. 1851 Turner Dom. Archit. II. Introd. 20 It [the castle] was the chief place of his honour or fee. 1869 Lowell Singing Leaves 84 My lute and I are lords of more Than thrice this kingdom’s fee. transf. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. B. 960 pat folk pat in pose fees [cities of the Plain] lenged. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. ii. 49 Sum hethyn man. . Mycht usurpe Crystyn Feys. ^ 4 . a. The heritable right to an office of profit, granted by a superior lord and held on condition of feudal homage. Only in phrases in, of, to fee. b. The heritable right to a pension or revenue similarly granted. Obs. a. [1292 Britton 1. xii. § 9 Et defendoms a touz ceux qi cleyment aver garde des prisouns en fee.] 1375 Barbour Bruce xi. 456 Schirrobert of Keth. .wes Marshall of all the host of fee. c 1470 Henry Wallace \ 11. 1026 In heretage gaiff him office to fee Off all Straithern and sell i ire iff off the toun. 1670 Blount Laiv Diet. s.v., The word Fee is some¬ times used .. for a perpetual right incorporeal ; as to have the keeping of Prisons .. in Fee. 1700 tr. Charter of Edw. I, in Tyrrell Hist. Eng. II. 820 No Forester .. who is not a Forester in Fee. .shall take Chiminage. b. [1292 Britton ii.x. § 2 Une autre manerede purchaz est que home fet de annuel fee de deners ou de autre chose en fee.] 1823 Crabb Technol. Diet., Fee .. a rent or annuity granted to one, and his heirs, which is a fee personal, + 5 . Homage rendered, or fealty promised, by a vassal to a superior. Also, employment, service. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 145 pe moneth of Nouembre .. com kyng William .. & ]>er }ald him his fee. i486 Certificate in Surtees Misc. (1890)49, I. .accept hyme to be of my fee and counesell. 1596 Spenser F. Q. vi. x. 21 Venus Damzels, all within her fee. + b. To be at a, in fee of, to, with : to be in the pay or service of, under an obligation to ; hence, to be in league with. Also, to have [one) in fee : to retain, hold in one’s service. Obs. 1529 S. Fish Supplic. Beggars 8 Are not all the lerned men in your realme in fee with theim. 1590 Webbf. Trav. (Arb.) 34 Beeing then in yeerely fee to the King of Spaine. 1600 Holland Livy XLli. v. (1609)1118 In fee as it were with him, in regard of many courtesies and gracious favours received at his hands. 1633 Bp. Hall Hard Texts 324 As if ye were at a fee with death and Hell. 1703 T. N. City <$• C. Purchaser 208 Some of those Bricklayers that are in Fee with ’em. 1756 Nugent Gr. TourW. 33 He will endeavour to carry you to his own favourite house, which has him in fee. II. Denoting a payment or gift. [This branch is commonly referred to Fee sbP, but the AF. is fee, and the med.L .feodum, both in England and on the continent; cf. It. fio. The two sbs., however, being coincident in form, were certainly confused, and in many instances it makes no difference to the sense whether the word is taken as sb. 1 or as sb. 2 Senses 6-8 seem to have been influenced by branch I; sense 9 agrees with a continental use of feodum.] t 6. A tribute or offering to a superior. Obs. c 1369 Chaucer DetJic Blaunche 266 This .. god .. May winne of me mo fees thus Than ever he wan. a 1400-50 A lexandcr 4466 pan fall 3e flatt on pe fold, with fees paim adoures. Ibid. 5139 Foure hundreth fellis }it to fee. 1602 Dekker Satiromastix Wks. 1873 I. 253 Knees Are made for kings, they are the subjects Fees. 7 . The sum which a public officer (? originally, one who held his office ‘ in fee ’: see 4 a) is autho¬ rized to demand as payment for the execution of his official functions. [1292 Britton i. xii. § 7 Ne ja par defaute de tiel fee ne soit nul prisoun plus detenu.] c 1450 Bk. Curtasye 598 in Bailees Bk. (1868) 319 Sex pons per-fore to feys he takes. 1494 Nottingham Rec. III. 279 To the Chaumberlens for theire fese xxvjs. viij d. 1529 Act 21 Hen. VIII, c. 5 § 6 Any such Ordynary .. shall nat in any wyse take for the same above the fees lymytted by this Acte. 1546 Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 25 To the Auditor for his Fee xiiij.v. Yiijd. 1581 Lambarde Eiren. iii. i. (1588) 333 Two Justices of Peace, may license such as be delivered out of Gaoles, to beg for their fees. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, iii. ii. 217, I should rob the Deaths-man of his Fee. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 2 The fie of the seale, ten pounds. 1680 Tryal <$• Sent. Eliz. Cellier 18, 1 came to pay the Clerk of the Council his Fees.. I was obliged to pay the Fees myself at the Council. 1727 Swift Dcscr. Morning, The turnkey now his flock returning sees, Duly let out a-nights to steal for fees. 1817 W. Selwyn Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 936 The captain had paid an extra fee in order to procure his clearances. 1858 Kingsley Poems, Earl Haldans Dan. 6 The locks of six princesses Must be my marriage fee. 1868 Freeman Norm. Conq . (1877) II. x. 471 The greedy secular clergy refused the first sacrament except on payment of a fee. b. Extended to denote the remuneration paid or due to a lawyer, a physician, or (in recent use) any professional man, a director of a public company, etc. for an occasional service. 1583 Stubbes A nat. Abus. 11. (1882) 16 The lawiers I would wish to take lesse fees of their clients. 1644 Milton Educ. Wks. (1847) 99/1 Litigious terms, fat contentions, and flow¬ ing fees. 1655 Culpepper Riverius Epigram, Who spend Their Life in Visits, and whose Labors end In taking Fees. 1727-38 Gay Fables 11. ix. 21 The fee gives eloquence its spirit. 1791 Boswell Johnson an. 1784(1847) 800/2 Physicians . .generously attended him without accepting any fees. 1802 Mar. Edgeworth Moral 7 \(i 8 i 6 ) I. vi. 34 What fee, doctor . .shall I give you for saving his life? 1863 P. Barry Dock¬ yard Econ. 48 Few of them [Lawyers] are proof against a fee. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Voy. Eng. Wks. II. 11 The remuneration [for public lectures] was equivalent to the fees at that lime paid in this country for the like services. c. The sum paid for admission to an examina¬ tion, a society, etc. ; or for entrance to a public building. Also, admission-, court, entrance-fee. 1389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 88 He schal. .payen his fees and sythyn for hys entres. 1891 Cambridge Univ. Calendar 22 A fee of £2 2s. is paid to the Common Chest by every student on each admission to a Special Examination. 1893 Oxford Univ. Calendar 30 University Museum. Open .. to visitors (without fee) from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. d. Terminal payments for instruction at school. 1616 R. C. Times' Whistle iv. 1428 For duble fees A dunce may turne a Doctour. 1841 W. Spalding Italy $ It. I si. III. 358 Private schools are taught, for small fees, by., priests. 1876 Grant Burgh Sell. Scotl. 11. 467 In 1746 the council [of Kirkcaldy] enact that the fees shall be paid quarterly. t 8. A perquisite allowed to an officer or servant (esp. a forester, a cook or scullion). Fee of a bullock : see quot. 1730. Obs. c 1386 Chaucer Knt.'s T. 945 Thus hath here lord .. hem payed Here wages and here fees for here servise. 1474 Househ. Ord. 32 The larders hath to theire fees the neckes of mutton twoe fingers from the heade. [<7 1490 Botonfr Itin. (Nasmith 1778) 371 Et ipse emebat de cocis lez feez.] i486 Bk. St. Albans Fiva, The Right shulder . .Yeueth to the foster for that is his fee. 1557 Order of llospitalls H ij b, 'The Butler. .You shall have no manner of Fees, but your ordinarie wages. 1579 Tom son Calvin s Serm. Tim. 831/2 The ofscouringes or fees of the kitchen. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, 111. i. 23, I, heere’s a Deere, whose skins a Keepers Fee. 1603 Knolles Hist. 7 W&? (1621) 833 Certain young men .. snatcht it [food] hastily up as their fees, and like greedie Harpies ravened it downe in a moment. 1730 6 Bailey (folio), The Fee of a Bullock , the bones of a bullocks thighs and shoulders, having the meat cut off (but not clean) for salting for victualling ships. f b. A warrior’s share of spoil; a dog’s share of the game. Obs. c 1340 Gaw. <$• Gr. Knt. 1622 He com gayn, His feez per for to fonge. 14.. Vcnery de Twety in Ret. Ant. I. 153 'The houndes shal be rewardid with the nekke and with the bewellis, with the fee. 1616 Surfl. & Markh. Country Farmc 697 The hare being killed, it will be good to giue the dogs their fees, the better to incourage them. transf. 1659 B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 101 The Clergy hath ever served as Fee, or prey to the seditious. + c. Any allotted portion. Obs. x 573 T usser Husb. (1878) 73 Giue sheepe to their fees the mistle of trees. Ibid. 78 In pruning and trimming all maner of trees, reserue to ech cattel their properly fees. 1633 G. Herbert Temple, Discharge v, Onely the present is thy part and fee. 1642 H. More Song of Soul 1. 11. xiii, There Psyche’s feet impart a smaller fee Of gentle warmth. 9 . A fixed salary or wage; the pay of a soldier. Also pi. Wages. Obs. exc. Sc. or Hist. 7*1400 Maundev. (1839) xv * x 7 0 He that kepethc him [a sacred ox] hath every day grete fees. 1533 Gau Richt Vay (1888) 16 Thay that haldis thair seruandis feis fra thayme. x 535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 133 Men of weir that wald tak meit and fie. 1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 149 Mr. Bruce, .lies 40 crounes monethlie for his intertainment, and 500 crounes of fie. 1686 G. Stuart Joco-Ser. Disc. 26 Ye shall yiev’r crave twice of me The smallest Penny of your Fee. 1724 Ramsay Tca-t. Misc. (1733) II. 194 Her fee and FEE. 129 FEEBLE. bowntith in her lap. 1773 Erskine Inst. Law Scot. in. vi. § 7. 507 Servants fees, . being given that they may maintain themselves in a condition suitable to their service .. cannot be arrested, a 1810 Tannahill Poems (18461 103 For I hae wair’d my winter’s fee. 1878 Simpson Sch. Shaks . I. 10 Holding the post of King’s standard-bearer, with the fee of six shillings and eight pence a day. 10 . f a. A prize, a reward. Obs. c 1400 Destr. Troy 2400 The fairest of po fele shull pat fe haue. c 1470 Henry Wallace xi. 460, ‘ I wald fayn spek with the*..‘ Thow may for litill fe.’ a 1541 Wyatt in Tottcll's Misc. (Arb.) 81 Chance hath .. to another geuen the fee Of all my losse to haue the gayn. 1596 Spenser F. Q. iv. x. 3 Yet is the paine thereof much greater then the fee. 1605 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. iii. 11. Fathers 91 Thy God, thy King, thy Fee, thy Fence I am. 1633 G. Herbert Temple , Busin esse viii, Two deaths had been thy fee. b. An occasional gift, a gratuity, given in re¬ cognition of services rendered. Phrase, without fee or reward . a 1592 Greene Geo.-a-Greene Wks. (Rtldg.) 267/1 Fetch me A stand of ale. .this is for a fee to welcome Robin Hood. 1768 Foote Devil on 2 Sticks 11, It is a part of the world where a fee is never refused. 1832 W. Irving Alhambra II. 90/ God forbid said he, 1 that I should ask fee or reward for doing a common act of humanity \ 1863 Hawthorne Our Old Home (1884) 145 The attendants, .expect fees on their own private account. 1873 Tristram Moab xv. 291 The not unacceptable fee of a kid-skin of fresh butter. t c. In bad sense : A bribe. Obs. *549 Covf.rdale Erasm. Par. 2 Pet. ii. 15 Being corrupt with wicked fee. 1595 Shaks. John 11. i. 170 Drawes those heauen-mouing pearles from his poor eies Which heauen shall take in nature of a fee. c 1643 Milton Soun., To Lady Marg. Ley , Unstain’d with gold or fee. III. attrib. and Comb. 11 . General relations (in senses 7-10). a. attrib., as fee-system, -table, -theatre, b. objective, as fee- seeker ; fee-catching vbl. sb.; fee-checking, -gather¬ ing (also vbl. sb.), -faying, -yielding adjs. c. in¬ strumental, as fee-fed adj. 1810 Bentham Packing vii. (1821) 184 A mere pretence for *fee-catching. Ibid. 187 So ^fee-checking an innovation. 1808 — Sc. Reform 71 * Fee-fed lawyers always excepted. Ibid. 9 The Technical or * Fee-gathering system. 1828 Edin. Rev. XLVIII. 468 Fee-gathering is the real founda¬ tion on which the laws of England have been framed ! 1832 Austin Jurispr. (1879) IP xxxix. 703 The profession would not be merely venal and fee-gathering. 1893 Daily News 12 July 5/1 ^Fee-paying schools. 1890 Ibid. 7 June 2/1 Lawyers and other *fee-seekers. 1891 Ibid. 23 Nov. 2/1 The /fee system seems to me one of the most outrageous and indefensible. 1812 J. Quincy in Life 244 If. .we. .mete out contributions for national safety by our *fee-tables. 1808 Bentham Sc. Reform 8 Sale of a ^fee-yielding office. 12 . Special comb. + fee-buck, ? a buck received as a perquisite; fee-estate (see quot.); fee- expectant: see Expectant a. 3; + fee-Gloucester, a Cornish tenure; fee-fund (see quot.); f fee- grief, a grief that has a particular owner; fee- liege (see Liege) ; + fee-Morton, a Cornish tenure (cf. fee-Gloucester ); + fee-penny, an earnest of a bargain ; + fee-pie (in humorous phrase to eat fee pie, ? to receive bribes); fee-royal (see Royal). Also Fee-farm, Fee-simple, Fee-tail. a 1643 W. Cartwright Siege iv. ii, You .. Put of your Mercer with your * Fee-buck for That season. 1775 Ash, * Fee-estate, lands or tenements for which some service .. is paid to the chief^lord. 1651 tr. Kitchms Jurisdictions (ed. 2) 301 If it [land in frank-marriage] were given to them in taile to have to them and their heirs, they have taile and *fee expectant. 1861 W. Bell Diet. Law Scot ., * Fee fund . .the dues of Court payable on the tabling of summonses.. etc., out of which the. .officers of the Court are paid. 1602 Carew Cornwall 38 b, They pay in most places onely fee- Morton releefes which is after fiue markes the whole Knights fee..whereas that of *fee-Gloucester is fiue pound. 1605 Shaks. Macb. iv. iii. 196 Is it a *Fee-griefe Due to some single brest? 1695 G. Ridpath (title) Sir T. Craig’s Scot¬ land’s Soveraignty Asserted .. against those who maintain that Scotland is a Feu, or *Fee-Liege of England. 1602 Carew Cornwall 38 b,* Fee-Morton. .so called of John Earle first of Morton. 1552 T. Gresham in Strypeisrc/. Mem. II. App. C. 147 When the Kings Majesties father did first begin .. to take up mony upon interest .. he took his *feepeny in merchandize, a 1640 Day Peregr. Schol. (1881) 72 Saieing he was a wise Justice to eate *fee-pie with his clarke. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 145/2 He gaf to them..the *fee ryall of that buscage. + Fee, sb? Obs. Also 5 fey. [a. OF ,fee,feie (F .foie).~\ The liver. 14.. Noble Bk. Cookry (1882) 96 Tak and dight the pouche and the fee of a pik. c 1450 Two Cookery-bks. (1888) 101 Kepe the fey or the lyuer, and kutte awey the gall. Fee (f/~), v. 1 Also Sc. 4-6 fey, 5-6 fei, 6 fie. [f. Fee sbf] + I. 1 . trans. ? To invest with a fief; ? to grant as a fief. Obs— 0 1483 Cath. Angl. 124/2 To Yet, feoff are. II. (From senses 7-10 of the sb.) 2 . trans. To give a fee to. To fee away (nonce- use) : to induce by a fee to go away. a 1529 Skelton Ware theHauke 151 So the Scribe was feed. 1601 ? Marston Pasquil 4- Kath. 1. 278 He that fees me best, speeds best. 1716 Swift Phillis , Suppose all parties now agreed, The writings drawn, the lawyer fee’d. 1803 Med. jrnl. IX. 62 The Governor and a few others, .chose to fee us for attendance in their respective families. 1806-7 J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) iv. xxvii, You cannot drive or even fee them away as they are paid for torturing you by some barbarians at the next door. 1859 All Year Round No. 35. 203, I had .. feed the steward. VOL. IV. 1884 Times (weekly ed.) 12 Sept. 14/2 You must fee the waiter when you give the order. absol. 1806-7 J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) v. xix, After having fee’d very high for places at Mrs. Siddon’s benefit. 1884 Times (weekly ed.) 12 Sept. 14/2 At the hotel the guest who does not fee in advance soon finds the zeal of the waiters fall off. 3 . To engage for a fee; Sc. to hire, employ (servants, etc.); f transf to make use of (an occa¬ sion). c 1470 Henry Wallace ix. 40 Semen he feyt and gaiff thaim gudlye wage. 1529 Lyndesay Compl. 39 The father of Fameill .. Quhilk .. Feit men to wyrk in his wyne 3aird. a i 57 a Knox Hist. Ref 1. Wks. 1846 I. 39 Greadynes of preastis not onlie receave false miracles, bot also thei cherise and fies knaiffs for that purpoise. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. 11. ii. 204, I haue .. fee’d euery slight occasion, that could but nigardly giue inee sight of her. 1701 Penn in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. IX. 78 A lawyer sends me word he is offered to be feed against me. a 1810 Tannahill Poems (1846) 12 That day ye feed the skelpor Highland callan. 1806-7 J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) xxi. xvi, Learning to box too—i. e. feeing a great raw-boned fellow to thresh you as long as he can stand over you. 1876 Smiles Sc. Natur. viii. (ed. 4) 149 Young lads and lasses came in from the country to be feed, and farmers, .came in to fee them. + b. In a bad sense: To bribe. Obs. 1375 Barbour Bruce v. 485 heading , Heire the Inglis knycht feys a tratour. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 515 How Nathologus feyit ane Man to follow Dorus .. for to slay him. 1616 R. C. Times' Whistle vi. 2537 Fee but the Sumner, and he shall not cite thee. 1727 Df. Foe Protest. Moncist. vii, Without Feeing the Journalists or Publishers. c 1800 K. White Clift. Gr. 318 Should honours tempt thee, and should riches fee. 4 . intr. for refl. To hire oneself. a 1810 Tannahill Poems (1846) 17 Blythe was the time when he fee’d wi’ my Father, O, Happy war’ the days when we herded thegither, O. 1875 G. Macdonald Sir Gibbie xviii. 100 They would not fee to it [a situation] for any amount of wages. Pee (f*)> v. 2 Mining. See quot. 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining , Fee t to load up the coal, etc., in a heading into tubs. Fee, var. of Fay sb$ + Fee-able, a. Obs. Also 5 feable, feble. [f. Fee sb. 2 + -able.] Subject to fees. In quots., That may be taken as a perquisite (see Fee sb. 2 8 ). 1461 Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. 73 When thenges byn of wyne and vesseals feble or perused. 1469 Ibid. 95 The remanent to be feable. Ibid., The panyers of sea-fisshe to be feeable; and their fees to be divided to the yoman groomes and pages. 1847-78 Halliwell (citing Hall', Feable, subject to fees. tFeebiTity. Obs. rare. In 5 febylyte, febylte. [f. Feeble a. ; see -bility, -ity.] = Feebleness. 1413 Lydg. Pilgr. Scrwle ii. Iii. (1859) 54 By their owne flesshely febylyte. c 1450 Capgrave St. Kath. (E.E.T.S.) 180/166 pat god hymself no ping wrothe schuld be..wyth pi febylte. Feebily, obs. form of Feebly adv. Feeble (frb’l), a. and sb. Forms: 2-6 feble, (4 febele), 3-5 febul(l(e, 3-6 fieble, (4 fyble, 6 fybull), 4-6 feable, febil(l, -yl(e, 7 feoble, 6- feeble. Compar . 3 feblore; Super!. 4 fye- bleste, 6 feobleste. [a. OF. feble, fieble , foible (mod .faible), later forms of fleible weak L. flebilis that is to be wept over (cf. Flebile a.), f. fere to weep. Cf. Pr. feble, fible, freble, Sp. feble, Yg.febre, \t.fievole of same origin and meaning.] A. adj. 1 . Of persons or animals, their limbs or organs : Lacking strength, weak, infirm. Now implying an extreme degree of weakness, and suggesting either pity or contempt. + Const, of, also to with inf. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 47 pa bi-com his licome swifte feble. a 1225 Ancr. R. 276 Auh wostu hwat awilegeS monnes feble eien pet is heie iclumben? 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7665 pe deneis no mete ne founde .. & so pe feblore were, c 1305 St. Christopher 216 in K. E. P. (1862) 65 pu ert wel feble to fi}te. c 1320 Seuyn Sag. 3450 (W.) He was lene and febil of myght. a 1340 Hampole Psalter xxxvii. 15 As aran pan pe whilk na thynge is febiler. c 1400 Lanfranc s Cirurg. 311 If the patient be maad feble wip medicyns laxativis. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 3607 He was so febill he myght no3t ga. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour C viij b, And this lady felt herself al wery and feble of the aduysyons. a 1529 Skelton Bongo of Court Prol. 27 His heed maye be harde, but feble his brayne. a 1533 Ld. Berners Iluon liv. 182 Huon was mounted on his lene feble horse. 1611 Bible Gen. xxx. 42 The feebler were Labans, c 1630 Milton Passion 45 Though grief my feeble hands up lock. 1764 Goldsm. Trav. 147 The feeble heart. 1829 Hood Eugene Aram xiv, A feeble man and old. 1841-4 Emerson Ess., Prudence Wks. (Bohn) I. 100 Bring them hand to hand, and they are feeble folk. absol. a 1225 Auer. R. 220 pus ure Louerd spared a uormest pe 3unge & pe feble. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. xviii. 92 Rycht oft makis pe febil wycht. 1808 Med. Jrnl. XIX. 424 If acidity be troublesome, as often happens to the feeble and dyspeptic. f 2 . Of things: Llaving little strength; weak, frail, fragile; slight, slender. Of a fortress, etc. : Having little power of resistance. Obs. 1340 Ayenb. 227 Hit is grat wonder pet hi lokep zuich ane fieblene castel ase hare fyeble body, c 1384 Chaucer II. Fame hi. 42 This were a feble fundament. 1387 Trf.visa Higden (Rolls) I. 235 Hem semede pat pe legges were to feble for to bere suche an ymage. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cii'urg. 322 The firste boon in a mannes necke is bounden with manye feble ligaturis. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) vii. 80 Before the Chirche of the Sepulcre, is the Cytee more feble than in ony other partie. c 1470 Henry Wallace xi. 1010 Thus semblyt thaiabout that febill hauld. 1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII , c. 18 Some houses be feble and very lyke to fall downe. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 1. 163 The Stem, too feeble for the freight. 1776 Withering Brit. Plants (1796) II. 16 Bunches lateral .. stem feeble. absol. 1393 Gower Conf I. 24 The feble meind was with the strong So might it nought wel stonde long. b. spec, with reference to a sword, [ad. F. faible : see B. 4.] 1684 R. H. School Recrcat. 57 The feeble, weak or second Part is accounted from the Middle to the Point. 1809 Roland Fencing 35 The fort part of your blade against the feeble part of your adversary’s. 3 . Lacking intellectual or moral strength. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 191 He..al te seche 5 pat pone pe was er swo fieble. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xv. 341 Wher- fore folke is pe feblere and nou3t ferme of bilieue. a 1400-50 Alexander 1710 He po}t him sa feble, He dressis to him in dedeyne. .a ball.. be barne with to play, c 1440 YorkMyst. xxiii. 169 ffebill of faithe ! folke affraied. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) G b, We sholde not be ignoraunt, feble & weyke in these .. thynges. 1639 Dk. Hamilton in H. Papers (Camden) 77, I shall neuer proue false or feeble. 1692 Bentley Serrn. 3 Oct. 29 Though we be now miserable and feeble, yet we aspire after eternal happiness. 1828 Carlyle Misc. (1857 ) L io 5 He was feeble and without volition, a 1859 Macaulay Misc. Writ, (i860) II. 107 Rigid principles often do for feeble minds what stays do for feeble bodies. + 4 . Wanting in resources; ill-supplied, poor. Const, of. Obs. c 1314 Guy Wamv. (A.) p. 448 (lxxxiv. 10) A feble lord pou seruest. 1375 Barbour Bruce xvi. 355 Tharfor he thoucht the cuntre was Febill of men. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccccxlviii. 791 The Duke of Aniowe began to wax feble, bothe of men and of money. t b. Of a grant of money, a meal: Scanty. Obs. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vii. 509 The sayd .iii. astatys or- deynyd a more feble money than they before hadde made. 1562 Turner Baths 12 a, Ye may go to a feable diner. c 1590 Greene Fr. Bacon ix. 246, I knew not of the friars feeble fare. f 5 . Of inferior quality, poor, mean. Often said of clothing, food, dwelling, etc. Obs. c 1275 Lutel Soth Serm. 41 in O. E. Misc. 188 Bope heo makep feble heore bred and heore ale. c 1290 .S’. Eng. Leg. I. 15/484 Vpon a seli asse he rod: in feble clones also. c 1340 Cursor M. 23100 (Trin.) For here is febul abidynge. 1377 Langl. P.Pl. B. xv. 343 pe merke of pat mone is good ac pe metal is fieble. c 1420 Ballad, on Husb. 1. 292 And fewe or feble grapes in the same Have growe. c 1470 Henry Wallace vi. 452 The man kest off his febill weid off gray. + b. Of a period, event, etc.: Miserable, ill- starred, unhappy. Obs. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6125 Febleliche he liuede al is lif, & deyde in feble depe. ‘{a 1^00 Chester PI. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 224 In feable tyme Christe yode me froo. c 1400 Destr. Troy 1438 Ffele folke forfaren with a ffeble ende. f c. In moral sense : Mean, base. Obs. c 1250 Gen. Ex. 1072 Wicke and feble was here < 5 o}t. c 1440 Gesta Rom. xvii. 60 (Add. MS.) To fulfille her wille in feble dede. 6. Wanting in energy, force, or effect. a. of natural agents, powers, qualities, or opera¬ tions. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 745 For-whi pe complection of ilk man Was sythen febler pan it was pan. c 1340 Cursor M. 1996 (Trin.) Now is for synne & pride of man pe erpe feblere pen hit was pan. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 221 pan I tastide hir pous & it was wondir feble. Ibid. 353 In feble men..pou muste use feble medicyns. 1595 Shaks. John v. iv. 35 The old, feeble, and day-wearied Sunne. 1671 R. Bohun Wind 14 Air alone might seeme able to create but a very feoble and languid Wind. 1700 Dryden Fables , Palamon <5- Arcite 1. 164 Some faint Signs of feeble Life appear. 17x9 London & Wise Compl. Gard. v. iii. 99 We may have some feeble Branches on them. 1794 Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho iv, Her light was yet too feeble to assist them. 1806 Med. Jrnl. XV. 438 A feebler action of the poison. 1847 James Woodman v, He has but feeble health. b. of the mind, thoughts, etc. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. 11. 183 pat feith with-oute fet ys febelere pan nouht. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xx. 92 My feble witte. 1535 Coverdale 2 Esdrasv. 14 My mynde was feble and carefull. 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. iii. ii. 35 My earthie grosse conceit: Smothred in errors, feeble, shallow, weake. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. iii. xxxiv. 214 My feeble Reason. 1836 J. Gilbert Chr. Atoncm. ix, (1852) 278 The thought of danger would possess but feeble power to resist temptation. c. of actions, feelings, utterances, etc. c 1340 Cursor M. 14849 (Fairf.) A feble counsail 3e do to dragh. 1393 Gower Conf II. 318 That was a feble dede of armes. c 1400 Destr. Troy 3189 When the lede hade left of his speche, Fele of pe folke febull it thughten. 1580 Baret Alv. F 348 Feeble orations made to the people, without spirit or life. 1591 Shaks. Two Gent. ir. vii. 10 A true- deuoted Pilgrime is not weary To measure kingdomes with his feeble steps. 1697 Dryden Virg. VEneid viii. 621 Feeble are the Succours I can send. 1738 Wesley Psalms ii. iv, Shall all their feeble Threats deride. 1801 Southey Thalaba 1. xvii, Grief in Zeinab’s soul All other feebler feelings over¬ power’d. 1818 Jas. Mill Brit. India II. iv. v. 166 The brilliancy of the exploit had no feeble attractions for the imagination of Clive. 1840 Thirlwall Greece VII. 281 A feeble attempt was made by two generals. 1862 Ld. Brougham Brit. Const, xii. 164 The feeble conduct which lost Normandy. 1876 Trevelyan Macaulay II. iii. 66 He proceeded to reply with a feeble and partial argument. 7 . Of an effect, phenomenon, etc.: P aintly per¬ ceptible, indistinct. i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. iii. 30 The effect became more and more feeble, until.. it almost wholly disappeared. 1876 Tait 17 FEEBLE. 130 FEED. Rcc. Adv. Phys. Sc. ix. 215 The feeble bands which cross the comparatively dark space between the spectra. 8. quasi-fl^. = Feebly. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 202 Every one’s ex¬ perience may convince him how feeble she [reason] acts unless [etc.]. 9 . Comb., parasynthetic, as, feeble-bodied, -eyed, framed, - hearted, -minded (whence feeble-minded- ness), -winged. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. VII. viii. 180 The viper..is but a slow, *feeble-bodied animal. 1814 Wokdsvv. Excursion viii. 208 Those gigantic powers .. have been compelled To serve the will of feeble-bodied Man. 1600 Fairfax Tasso v. xii. 5 VVeake Cupid was too *feeble eide To strike him sure. 1808 Cobbett Pol. Reg- XIV. 193 The law gives him so much power over the poor ^feeble-framed creature. 1550 Bale Image Both Ck. 1. ii. D iv b, If thou be *feble halted saye, lorde encrease myfayth. 1836 J. H. Newman in Lyra A post. (1849) 150 Ere it reach Heaven’s gate, Blows frustrate o’er the earth thy feeble-hearted prayer. 1534 Tindale 1 Thess. v.14 Comforte the *feble mynded. 1892 Daily Nevus 1 Mar. 3/3 The desirability of better provision being made for the care of‘feeble-minded’ women. 1619 W. Sclater Expos. 1 Thess. (1630) 481 The Nature of *feeble-minded- nesse. 1846 Worcester (citing E.Irving', Feeble-Minded- ness. 1634 Ford P. Warbeck 1. ii, Your goodness gives large warrants to..My *feeble-wing’d ambition. B. sb. + 1 . A feeble person. Obs. (Quots. 1631 and 1826 refer to K. Hen. IV , m. ii. 179.) 1340 Aye/ib. 148 J>e guode man and )>e wyse bere]> and uor- bere)> alneway \>e foies and ]?e fiebles. [1631T. Powell Tom All Trades (New Shaks. S0C.I157 The Taylor, who. .had thrust himselfe in amongst the Nobilitie .. and was so discovered, and handled .. from hand to foot, till the Gaurd delivered him at the great Chamber door, and cryed, ‘ farewell, good feeble !’ 1826 Disraeli Viv. Grey iv. i, The most forcible of feebles.] + 2 . Weakness, feebleness. Obs. Only in phrase for feeble , which may be explained as ellipsis=‘ For feeble that one is’; the substantival character of the sense is thus doubtful. c 1325 Coer de L. 778 That him ne thorst yt not wyte, For febyl his dynt to smyte. c 1400 Dcstr. Troy 8704 Suche a sorow full sodenly sanke in his hert, J>at he fainted for feble. a 1400-50 Alexander 4280 Ne for na febill at we fele. 3 . = Foible i. 1678 Mrs. Behn Sir Patient Fancy 1. i, You shall find ’em sway’d by some who have the luck to find their feables. 1694 R. L’Estrange Fables ccccxcvi. (ed. 6) 543 Every Man has his Feeble. 1823 Byron Juan xv. xxii, Modesty’s my forte, And pride my feeble. 4 . Fencing. The portion of a sword from the middle to the point; = Foible 2. 1645 City Alarum 1 Ther’s no good fencing without know¬ ledge of the feeble of your Sword. 1776 G. Semple Building in lVater$\ Like taking a Sword in the feeble of the Point. 1877 Blackie's Pop. Encycl. III. 325/2 It should always be the care of the swordsman to receive the feeble of the enemy’s weapon on the forte of his own. Feeble (frbl), v. Forms : 3 febli-en, (febly), fieble, 4-5 febil(l, (5 -yl), 4-6 feble, (5 febel, febl-yn), 6 feable(n, 6-7, 9 feeble, [f. the adj. ; OF. had foiblir ( Jlebir ), and foibloier ( feibloier j.] + 1 . intr. To become or grow feeble. Obs. a 1225 Auer. R. 368 Leste hore licome feblie to swu 5 e. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7785 King willam .. bigan to febli vaste. 1375 Barbour Bruce 11. 384 On thaim ! On thaim ! thai feble fast! 1496 Dives 4- Paup. (W. de W.) 1. viii. 39/1 In token that they ben endlesse & elden not, ne feble not. + 2 . trans. To make feeble; to enfeeble, weaken. Obs. exc. arch. a 1340 Hampole Psalter xvii. 40 pai ere noght febild my steppis. C1380 Wyclif6V/. Wks. III. 408 pei siiulde not feble pes rewmes. < 1449 Pecock Repr. 11. vi. 175 Thou infirmyst and feblist .. the euydencis. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 49 Woman what menest thou with thy great wepynge so to feble thy syght. 1546 Phaer Bk. CJiildr. (1553) S v a, When a child neseth out of measure .. the brayn and vertues animal be febled. 1590 Spenser F. Q, i. viii. 23 And her [a castle’s] foundation forst, and feebled quight. 1614 Markham ///«/>. ii. xxxix. (1668) 83 A Shrew Mouse, .if it only run over a Beast, it feebleth his hinder parts. 1646 E. F[isher] Mod. Divinity i. (1752) 27 His Understanding was both feebled and drowned in darkness. 1831 MirrorXNll. 162/1 Every blow Is feebled with the touch of woe. Hence Fee*bled ppl . a .; Fee’bling vbl. sb. and tP l a- 1566 Gascoigne & Kinwelmarsh Jocasta v. ii, Then with hir feebled armes, she doth enfolde Their bodies both. 1597 Montgomerie Cherrie 4- Slac 226 Mv feiblit eyis grew dim. 1621 Fletcher IVild-Goose Chase 1. iii, Tis true, you’re old and feebled. 1633 W. Struthf.r True Happin. 128 It is good that the body finde sometimes this feebling by the vigorous worke of the spirit. 1624 Trag. Nero in. vi. in Bullen O. PI. I. 59 Peoples love Could not but by these fee¬ bling ills be mov’d. 1632 Lithgow Trav. x. 461 Least by an impatient Minde, and feebling Spirit, I become myowne Murtherer. Feebleness (frb’lnes). [f. as prec. +-ness.] The state or quality of being feeble (in the various senses of the adj.); an instance of this. a 1300 Cursor M. 28679 fCott.) pis man. .for-sakes penance neuer pe lese, and legges febulnes of flexse. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 1514 pe mare in malys and febelnes pe kynd of ayther trobled es. 1477 Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 134 Wrath cometh of feblenesse of courage. 1517 Torkington Pilgr. (1884) 39 Our Savior, .for very febylnesse fell, .to the grounde. 1533 More Debell. Salem Pref. 7 b, The feble¬ nesse of his answere shal appere. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. io7^King Richarde walking unwisely aboute the Castell, to espie the feblenesse thereof. 1683 Burnet tr. More’s Utopia (1684) 79 Women .. deal in Wool and Flax, which sute better with their feebleness. 1794 S. Williams Vermont 135 The feebleness of the weapons. 1809-10 Coleridge Friend (18651 I 9 ° It is feebleness only which cannot be generous without injustice, i860 Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. III. exxv. 80. Committing himself to the fashionable feeblenesses. 1884 L'pool Mercury 22 Oct. 5/4 His grand defect lay in feebleness of will, b. cotter, (nonce-use). i860 Geo. Eliot Mill on FI. III. 120 Ready to strike that daring feebleness from the stool. t Feebler. Obs. rare— 1 , [f. Feeble v. + -er ’.] One who or that which makes feeble or weak. 1586 Bright Melanch. xxxviii. 245 Excessive joy. .a great feebler of melancholick persons. Feebless. Obs. exc. arch. Forms: 3-4 fe- blesce, 3-5 feblesse, 4 fie-,fyeblesse, 6 feeblesse, 9 feebless. [a. OF. feblesce, foiblece , mod.F. faiblesse, f. feble, foible Feeble a.] Feebleness, infirmity; infirm health. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724)442 pe kynghyre fader was old man, & drou to feblesse. c 1315 Shoreham 18 Ine tokne of febleste [read -esce] of hiis goste. 1340 Aycnb. 33 Zuo pet he ualp ine fyeblesse and ine zuiche ziknesse. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. iv. ii. 112 Yif so be pat goode be stedfast pan shewep pe fieblesse of yuel al openly. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 81 For feblesse he fyl to the erthe. 1596 Spenser F. Q. iv. viii. 37 Great feeblesse. .did oft assay Faire Amoret that scarcely she could ride. 1866 J. B. Rose tr. Ovid's Fasti vi. 932 The hours unreined old age and feebless bring. Feeblish (frblij), a. [f. Feeble a. + -ish.] Somewhat feeble. 1674 R. Godfrey Ini. 4 * Ab. Physic 68 They that are weakly, tender, and feeblish. 1832 Wilson in Blackw. Mag. XXXII. 865 Performers with feeblish faces that must frown. 1857 Hughes Tom Brown 11. v, He. .is feeblish. .about the knees. 1882 Carlyle in Century Mag. XXIV. 23 Rather a feeblish kind of County-Town. t Fee blish, v. Obs. Forms: 4 febliss, 4-6 febiis(s)h, 6 feeblysh, 5-7 feeblish. [a. OF. *fcbliss-, lengthened stem of *feblir (recorded forms foiblir y Jlebir), f. feble : see Feeble a.] trans. To render feeble, weak, or infirm; to enfeeble; = Feeble v. 2. 1375 Barbour Bruce xiv. 349 With hungyr he thoucht thame to Febliss. 1477 Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 64 Alle thinges be amunysshed & feblisshed by Iniustice. 1528 Paynel Salome’s Regim . Ciij b, They assende and gether to gether feblysshynge the guttes. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 1. 68 All Christendome was sore decayed and feeblished by occasion of the warres betweene England and France. Hence Fee’blishing vbl. sb. 1580 Baret A Iv. F 346 Feeblishing, infirmatio. 1634 H. R. Salernes Regim. 116 Except yee dread great feeblish¬ ing of Nature. + Fee’blishment. Obs. [f. as prec. + -ment.] Enfeeblement. 1548 Hall Chron. 157 b, Whiche promise he caused to bee performed, .to the .. feblishement of the Duchy. Feeblose, a. rare— 1 , [f. Feeble a. + -ose.] Rather feeble; weakly. 1882 J. Brown John Leech, etc. 267 Peter had a gentle, sweet, though feeblose. .strain of poetic feeling. Feebly (frbli), adv. Forms: 3 febleliche, -like, 3-4 febliehe, (5 febiliehe), 4 febilly, (5 -ylly), 4-6 febly, (4 febli, 5 feabli), 6 feablelye, feebily, 7 feably, 7- feebly, [f. Feeble + -ly 2 .] In a feeble manner. 11 . In a sorry manner or plight; inefficiently, insufficiently, niggardly, poorly, scantily. Obs. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg., Edmund Conf 112 Ake febleliche hire spedde, For seint Eadmund hadde ane smate ^eorde. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6125 Febleliche he liuede al is lif & deyde in feble depe. C1300 Havelok 418 Feblelike he gaf hem elopes, c 1300 Bekct 1178 Such a man. .So febliehe wende over lond. <7 1450 Knt. de la Tour ( 1868) 30, Y holde hym that dothe it but febly conseled. c 1450 Henryson Mor. Fab., Upl. Mohs 37, Poems (1865) 109 Ane sober wane, Of fog and fairn full febillie wes maid. 2 . In a weak, ineffective, or half-hearted manner, without strength, energy, or force ; weakly. Of sight: Dimly. 71320 Sir Tristr. 3050 Febli pou canst hayte. 7*1340 Hampole Psalter cxlv. 1, I may noght stand now hot febilly. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 67 pe pouse began to appere febiliehe. 1483 Cath. Angl. 124/2 Febylly, debeliter, im¬ bedlliter. 1533 More Debell. Salem 1. xiv. 104 b. He hath .. defended .. his boke .. wythe myche worke full febly. 1548 Hall Chron. 177 He wasfayntly receyved, and febly welcomed. 1591 Spenser Ruins of Rome 221 Ye see huge flames. .Efsoones consum’d to fall downe feebily. 1607 Shaks. Cor. 11. ii. 87 The deeds of Coriolanus Should not be vtter’d feebly. 1682 Dryden Mac FI. 197 Thy gentle numbers feebly creep. 1757 Foote Author if, Which were as feebly resisted. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. xix. 232, I.. see feebly in prospect my recovery. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 275 In dreaming we feebly recollect. 3 . In a small degree, slightly, poorly. 1830 Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 133 Others feebly represented in our own country. 1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 698 The acids act but feebly upon caoutchouc. 4 . Comb., as feebly-toiling adj. 1845 Mrs. Norton Child of Islands (1846) 179 The feebly- toiling heart that shrinks appalled. Feed (ffd), sb. Also 5-7 fe(e)de, [f. the vb.] 1 . The action of feeding; eating, grazing; also, the giving of food ; an instance of this. 1576 Turberv. Venerie 114 The feeding of an hart or such like, .is called the feede. 1614 l»p. Hai.l Recoil. Treat. 1112 Long forbearance whereof [meates] causes a surfet, when wee come to full feede. a 1626 Bacon Max. 4- Uses Com. Law iv. (1635) 23 Pasture answerable to the feed of so many Deere as were upon the ground. 1686 Goad Celest. Bodies 1. ii. 3 Birds coming late from Feed. 1833 Ht. Martineau Brooke Farm iii. 40 He should pay for the feed of his cow. 1873 W. B. Tegetmeier Poultry Bk. xxix. 370 Five or six [pellets] are given at one feed for each bird. b. Phrases. At feed : in the act of eating or grazing. Out atfeed: turned out to graze. To be off ones feed (of animals, and colloq. or slang of persons) : to have no desire for food; to have lost one’s appetite. (To be) on the feed (said of fislT: (to be) on the look out for food; also, (to be) eating. 1621 Lady M. Wroth Urania 275, 1 like a Deare at feede, start vp for feare. 1680 Otway Orphan v. ix. 2231 All his little Flock’s at feed before him. 1816 James Milit. Diet. (ed. 4) 156 A horse that is off his feed. 1823 Lamb Elia (i860) 21 The cattle, and the birds, and the fishes, were at feed about us. 1834 Medwin Angler in IVales II. 166 Towards evening he set out on the feed. 1862 Horlock Country Gentleman 172 Jack, .was quite off his feed. 1867 F. Francis Angling iv. (1880) 108 The fish are well on the feed. 1871 Browning Balaust. 1317 And pipe .. Pastoral marriage-poems to thy flocks At feed. 1879 Moseley Notes on Challenger ii. 30 A shoal of porpoises on the feed. 1888 Berksh. Gloss, s.v. Vead, A horse is said to be ‘out at ve-ad ’ when turned into a meadow to graze. 2 . + a. A grazing or causing (cattle) to graze ; also, the privilege or right of grazing (obs.). f b. Feeding-ground; pasture land (obs.). c. Pastur¬ age, pasture; green crops. 1573 Tusser Husb. xvi. (1878) 34 Pasture, and feede of his feeld. 1594 Norden Spec. Brit., Essex (Camden) 10 Ther is wtin the Nase .. Horsey Uande, verie good for feede. 1600 Shaks. A. V. L. 11. iv. 83 His Coate, his Flockes, and bounds of feede Are now on sale. 1667 Milton P. L. ix. 597 For such pleasure till that hour At Feed or Fountain never had I found. 1712 Prideaux Direct. CJi.-wardeus (ed. 4) 30 The .. Feed of the Church yard is the Minister’s. x 795 Burke Thoughts Scarcity Wks. 1842 II. 254 The clover sown last year .. gave two good crops, or one crop and . a plentiful feed. 1858 Bartlett Diet. Amer. 144 Tall feed, i.e. high grass. 1864 Tennyson North. Farmer (Old Style) x, Theer warnt not ferid for a cow. 1879 Miss Jackson ShroPsh. IVord-bk., ‘ I hanna sid more feed o’ the groun’ fur many a ’ear.’ 1888 Berksh. Gloss, s.v. Vead, Green crops for sheep, as turnips, swedes, rape, etc., are called ‘ ve-ad ’. 3 . Pood (for cattle); fodder, provender. 1588 Shaks. Tit. A. iv. iv. 93 (Qo.) As the one is wounded with the bait, the other [sheep] rotted with delicious feed [honey-stalks]. 1878 Cnmbrld. Gloss., Feed, provender for cattle. 1884 F. J. Lloyd Sc. Agric. 243 There arose the necessity of providing them with feed. 1884 Miltior (Dakota) Teller 13 June, J. D. is prepared to grind all kinds of Feed. b. An allowance or meal (of corn, oats, etc.) given to a horse, etc. Also Milit. in sho 7 'tfeed, heavy-horse feed, light-horscfecd (see quot. 1823). 1735 Sheridan in Swift’s Lett. (1768) IV. 117, I can give your horses .. a feed of oats now and then. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones xu. xiii, Prepare them [horses] for their journey by a feed of corn. 1823 Crabb Technol. Diet., A short feed is a portion less than the regulated quantity. Hcavy-horse- feed, a larger proportion given to the heavy dragoons, in dis¬ tinction from Light-horse feed, which is given to the hussars and the light horse. 1859 F. A- Griffiths Artil. Alan. (ed. 9) 220 One feed of oats in the nose-bag. 1885 G. Mere¬ dith Diana I. viii. 176 The mare ’ll do it well. .She has had her feed. 4 . colloq. A meal; a sumptuous meal; a feast. Cf. Feast, Spread. Also, a full meal. 1808 Sporting Mag. XXXII. 122 A feed now and then at the first tables. 1830 Southey in Q. Rev. XLIII. 14 It is the custom to entertain a distinguished visitor with what, in the South Seas, as in modern London, is called a feed. 1839 Markyat Diary in Amer. Ser. 1. 11 . 228 * Will you have a feed or a check?’ 1853 Kane Grinncll Exp. xli. (1856) 375 What a glorious feed for the scurvy-stricken ships ! 1862 Sala Accepted Addr. 193 Snug little feeds preparatory to the grand banquet. 1875 Chamb. Jml. No. 133. 66 Little boys .. having a feed of ice-cream. 5 . The action or process of ‘ feeding’ a machine, or supplying material to be operated upon. ’892 P. Benjamin Mod. Mcch. 663 The Hoe automatic tension brake for graduating the feed of the paper to the exact speed of the machine. b. The material supplied; also the amount supplied ; the ‘ charge ’ of a gun. 1839 R. S. Robinson Naut. Steam Eng. 59 A cock by which the engineer can regulate the feed to the quantity required. 1869 Eng. Mcch. 31 Dec. 389/1 By carrying less feed, less power may suffice. 1881 Knight Diet. Mcch. IV. 330/2 The actual feed to the boiler is regulated by a con¬ trolling cock. 1881 Times 24 Feb., The time was taken in which the guns could be cleaned and could fire three ‘feeds’. 1883 Daily News 12 Dec. 2/5 The length of the feed is de¬ termined by the clutch. c. Short for feed-gear, feed-pump, etc.; a feeder. 1839 R. S. Robinson Naut. Steam Eng . 139 The water would fall lower and lower in the boiler, if not replaced by the feed. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. IV. 340/2 The oil .. falls, .on the wool as it passes along the ‘feed’ to the teasing cylinder. 6. attrib. and Comb. a. simple attributive, (sense 3 and 3 b) as feed-bag, -crop, -mill (U.S.), -rack ; ( sense 5) as feed cock, -hole, -pipe (also feed-pipe- cock, -strainer, -stru?n), -pu?np. b. objective, (sense 3) as feed-crusher, -cutler -; (sense 5) as feed-heat¬ ing, -roller. 1874 Knight Diet. Mcch. I. 828/2 * Feed-bag, a nose-bag for a horse or mule, to contain his noonday feed or luncheon. 1883 W. C. Russell Sailors’ Lang. 49 * Feed-cock, a cock near the bottom of a marine boiler for regulating the supply of water to the boiler. 1891 Daily News 14 May 5/1 ‘ *Feed’ crops. 1881 Knight Diet. Mcch. IV. 527/2 * Feed-crusher, a mill for flattening grain to render it more easily masticated. PEED. 131 FEED. 1874 Ibid. I. 829/1 * Feed-cutter. 1883 E. Ingersoll in Har¬ per s Mag. Jan. 207/1 He grinds all day at the feed-cutter. 189a P. Benjamin Mod . Meek. 284 Power developed without *feed-heating. 1892 Cooley's Cycl. Pract. Receipts 1 .300/2 Another complete but empty hive with open *feed-hole, placed below an over-full one. 1884 Milnor{ Dakota) Teller 13 June, A Steam *Feed-Mill .. to grind all kinds of Peed. 1829 Nat. Philos. (Useful Knowl. Soc.) Hydraulics ii. 13 The stop-valve, covering the top of the *feed-pipe. 1839 R. S. Robinson Naut. Steam Eng. 59 At the end of each feed pipe is a cock. 1849-50 Whale Diet. Terms 182/2 * Feed-pipe cocks , those used to regulate the supply of water to the boiler of a locomotive engine. Ibid., * Feed-pipe strainer , or strum, a perforated, half-spherical piece of sheet iron, .placed over the open end of the feed-pipe. 1839 R. S. Robinson Naut. Steam. Eng. 109 The engine supplies itself with water by a pump communicating with the hot well, called a feed pump. 1854 Ronalds & Richardson Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 273 A small working cylinder .. can be placed upon the top of the boiler to work the grate and the feed-pump. 1874 Knight Diet. Meek. I. 830/2 * Feed-rack, a stock-feeding device with grain-trough and hay-rack under shelter, which sometimes is extended to the stock also. 1836 Ure Cotton Manuf. II. 17 The willowed cotton, .is carried forward, .to the *feed-rollers [of the blowing machine]. 7 . Special combinations: Peed-apron = feed- cloth-, feed-bed, (a) a feeding place (ofrats); (i)the level surface along which the supply passes to the machine; feed-cloth, a revolving cloth which carries the cotton or other fibre into a spinning, carding or other machine; feed-door, the door through which the furnace is supplied with fuel ; the furnace door; feed-hand (see quot.) ; feed- head, («) a cistern of water for supplying the boiler from above ; (/>) Founding (see quot. 1874); feed-motion, a contrivance for giving a forward movement to material in a machine; feed-rod = feeding-rod ; feed-screw (see quot.); feed-tank, -trough, a tank or trough containing a supply of water for a locomotive ; a supply trough ; feed- wheel (see quot.). Also Feed-water. 1836 Ure Cotton Manuf. II. 16 The -feed-apron is about eight feet long. 1876 Forest 4- Stream 7 Dec. 278/3 We shortly espy a ‘*feed-bed’ in the edge of the marsh. 1889 Pail Mali G. 15 Oct. 7/1 Each letter in its passage along the feed-bed of the machine strikes a lever. 1836 Ure Cotton Manuf. II. 16 The .. cotton is .. spread upon the *feed- cloth of the cards. 1881 Knight Diet. Mech. IV. 327/2 * Feed-door. 1874 Ibid. I. 829/2 * Feed-hand .. a rod by which intermittent rotation is imparted to a ratchet- wheel. 1849-50 Weale Diet. Terms 182/2 *Feed head. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 829/2 E'eed head .. the metal above and exterior to the mold which flows into the latter as the casting contracts. Ibid. 830/1 * Feed-mot ion. Ibid. 830/2 *Feed-scre7u {Lathe), a long screw employed to im¬ part a regular motion to a tool-rest or to the work. 1889 G. Findlay Eng. Railway 108 A tender picks up water from the ^feed-trough while in motion. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 831/1 * Feed-wheel, a continuously or intermittingly re¬ volving wheel or disk which carries forward an obj’ect or material. 1881 Ibid. IV. 363/1 A plate on the feed wheel holds up the coal when the box is again brought forward. Feed (fid), v. Pa. t. and pa. pple. fed. Forms: Inf. 1-2 fedan, (1 A T orthumb. foedan), 2 feden, 3 south, veden, 2, 5 feyde, 3-4 feode, 3-6 fede, south, vede, 4-7 feede, 6 feade, 6- feed. Pa. t. 1 fodde, pa. fpie. feded, fddd; fa. t. and fa. fpie. 3-5 fedde, (3 feedd, fad), 4 south, vedde, 4-5 feed, 9 dial, feeded, 4- fed. [QbL.fedan = OYn§. ft da, OSax. fodean (Du. voeden ), OHG. fuotan (MHG. viieten ), ON. fad a (Da. fode, Svv . fdda) y Goth, fodjan OTeut. ffoitjan, f. ffott-d-: see Food.] 1 . Irons . To give food to ; to supply with food ; to provide food for. Often followed by f of on , with (a specified food). c 950 Lindisf Gosp. Matt. vi. 26 Eower fader se heofunlica foede]? |>a [heofun fujlas]. c 1000 Ags. Fs. lxxx[i]. 1 b, He hi fedde mid fetre lynde hwaete. a 1175 Colt. Horn. 233 He us is..feder for he us fett. c 1205 Lay. 8944 He hine lette ueden. .ser he him bi-uoren come. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724)375 He .. made yt al forest & lese, pe bestes vorto fede. c 1340 Cursor M. 13372 (Trin.) pe folke. .was fed of breed & fiesshe. C1450 Bk. Hawkyug in Ret. Ant. I. 296 Fede your hawke and sey not geve here mete. 1592 Davies Immort. Soul xvi. i. (1714) 71 The Body’s Life with Meats and Air is fed. 1648 Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camden) 115 Seeke for some allowance . . to feede us. 1714 Nelson Life Bp. Bull § 76. 437 About sixty necessitous People .. were fed with Meat. 1756-7 tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) II. 205 Gregory., was feeding twelve indigent men. 1798 Webbe in Owen Wellesley’s Desp. 9, I doubt whether there are any well- grounded expectations that they could feed themselves. *835 Ure Philos. Manuf. 394 The Leeds people are better fed. 1842 A. Combe Physiol. Digestion (ed. 4) 142 Dogs fed on oil or sugar, .become diseased. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 314 It was not yet the practice to feed cattle in this manner. b. To suckle (young) ; in OE. also absol. C950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxiv. 19 W*e uutedlice Seem berendum & foedendum in Seem da^um. a 1300 Cursor M. 5640(Cott.) pis womman.. It [pe childe] fedd til it cuth spek and gang. 1530 Palsgr. 547/1 This bytche fedeth her whelpes. 1821 R. Turner Arts «$• Sc. (ed. 18) 170 Pelias.. was fed by a mare. 1888 Elworthy IV. Somerset Word-bk ., Feed, to suckle. c. To put food into the mouth of ( e.g. a child, a sick person, a fowl). c 1440 Prontp. Parv. 152/2 Feede chyldryn wythe pappe mete, papo. 1611 Cotgr., Appasteler , to feed by hand, or with the hand; or, as a bird feeds her yong. 1638 Mark¬ ham E'arewelt to Husbandry 162 The Bitter is ever best to be fed by the hand, because when you have fed him, you may tie his Beake together. 1748 \V. Cadogan Fss. Nursing 19 A sucking Child should be fed.. once with the Broth, and once with the Milk. 1872-4 L. Wright Poultry 79 The fowl when fed is .. held with both hands under its breast. 1882 J. W. Anderson Med. Nursing iv. (1883) 73 A patient . .will not have the feeding cup, and yet must be fed in some such way. 1893 H. D. Traill Social England I. Introd. 54 His meal might be served up to him on costly dishes, but he fed himself with his fingers. Mod. He is so weak that he cannot feed himself. d. To graze, pasture (cattle, sheep, etc.). 1382 Wyclif Gen. xxxvii. 13 Thi britheren feden [1388 kepen, 1611 feed] sheep in Sichemys. 1757 Home Douglas II. i, My name is Norval; on the Grampian Hills My father feeds his flocks. e. Teed-thc-dovc. A Christmas game mentioned in Brand’s Pop. Antiq. I. 278. 2 . fig. of 1. Const, as above. a. simply; esp. in spiritual sense. 971 Bliikl. Horn. 57 Seo saul, jif heo ne bi 3 mid Godes worde feded. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 215 Eche he3e dai [pe liodede sholde] fede mid godes worde pe hungrie soule. c’1380 Wyclif Scl. IVks. III. 500 pe soule is fedde wip charite. 1435 Misyn Fire of Love 58 Chosyn sawlis. .with heuenly likynge is feed. 1579 Fulke Ileskins Pari. 274 A spirituall meate, to feede vs into eternall life. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, in. 767 He grinds his Teeth In his own Flesh, and feeds approaching Death. 1882 E. P. Hood in Leisure Hour Apr. 225 The logic of satire has often been fed on fear. b. To gratify, minister to the demands of (a person’s vanity, desire of vengeance, or other passion) ; to sustnin or comfort (a person) with (usually, fallacious) hopes. Cf. P'ood v. + To feed forth, up{o.&xX\zxtofoodforth): to beguile, keep (one) quiet, with flattery, etc.; = Amuse v. 4, 6. c 1400 Rom. Rose 5428 She [Fortune] .. fedith hym with glorie veyne. 1475 Bk. Noblesse (i860) 53 The said maister .. fedde hem forthe withe sportis and plaies tille [etc ]. 1530 Palsgr. 547/1 You haue fedde me forthe with fayre wordes longe ynoughe. 1577 Northbrooke Dicing (1843) 141 [He] .. so continueth feeding himselfe with looking for the chaunge of the dice. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill , iv. i. 65 To feed my humor, wish thy selfe no harme. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. 1. i. Wks. 1856 I. 76 This mornc my vengeance shall be amply fed. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks 656 Craftily feeding him with the hope of libertie. Ibid. (1621) 114 Feeding him up with faire words. 1666 Temple Let. to Bp. of Munster Wks. 1731 II. 15 He seems to feed himself and his Friend with the Hopes of a speedy Peace. 1726 Leoni Alberti's Archit. I. 66 a, Others, feeding themselves with great hopes of times to come. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Wealth Wks. (Bohn) II. 73 All that can feed the senses and passions, .is in the open market. c. in phrases, to feed one s eyes, to feed one’s sight. Also, of the tongue, to feed the ear . 1590 Spenser F. Q. ii. vii. 4 In his lappe a masse of coyne he told, And turned upside downe, to feede his eye . .with his huge threasury. 1625 Bacon Ess., Masques, The Altera¬ tion of Scenes .. feed and relieue the Eye. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1638)159, I found few [monuments] to feed my eyes upon. 1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. 1. 26 He fed his eyes by being a spectator of those wickednesses. 1738 Wesley Hymns, 1 Who's this, who like the Morning ' ii, His Tongue the Ear with Musick feeds. 1813 Scott Trierm. III. xix, The knight With these high marvels fed his sight. + d. To feed with money : to bribe. Obs. 1567 J. Hawkyns Let. Sir W. Cecil in StateP. Dom. Eliz. 44. 13 They were by the Merchaunts fedd soe plentefully with mony. 1580 North Plutarch (1676) 190 Anytus was the first that fed the Judges with Money. 3 . intr. (rarely + refl.. in same sense). To take food ; to eat. Of persons now only colloq. Const, as in 1. 1387 T revisa Higdeii (Rolls) VI. 19 pe corn..perof pe colver ofte schulde fede hyin self, i486 Bk. St. A/bans C viij a, She fedith on all maner of flesh. 1526 Pilgr. Pe7f. (W. de W. 1531) 5 b, The shale of the nut to be broken that he may fede of the Cornell. 1556 Aurelio <$- I sab. (1608) N, Of hir delicate fleshe they [the Lions] fedde them. 1635 N. R. Camden's I/ist. Eliz. 11. 130 He fed hard at supper on sallats. 1703 Pope Thebais 686 Devouring dogs .. Fed on his trembling limbs. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) I. x. 173 It was a good while before they [kids] would feed. 1757 Chesterf. Lett. IV. cccxxii. 96 Go pretty often and feed with him. 1834 M''Murtrie Cuviers Anim. Kingd. 145 The ostrich feeds on grass. 1850 L. Hunt Autobiog. II. xvii. 252, I did wrong at that time not to ‘feed better*. 1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. i. (1889) 8 No one feeds at the high table except the dons. b. transf. To feed on (a person): to live at his expense. 1733 Pope Ess. Man in. 61 All feed on one vain patron. c. fig. 1540 Cranmer Wks. I. 25 Many holy martyrs..did daily feed of the food of Christs body. 1581 Sidney Apol. Poe trie (Arb.) 20 Whose milk .. enabled them to feed .. of tougher knowledges. 1599 Warn. Faire Worn. 11. 1380 The people’s eyes have fed them with my sight. 1612 Rowlands Knaue of Harts 29 On others miseries and woes, I feede. 1768 W. Gilpin Ess. Prints 10 The eye .. may be pleased .. by feeding on the parts separately. 1769 Sir W. Jones Pal. Forhme Poems (1777) 16 Grant me to feed on beauty’s rifled charms. 1827 Pollok Course T. ix, Disappointment fed on ruined Hope. 1883 Sta7idard 20 July 5/1 Cholera feeds upon impurities of every sort. 4 . trails. To yield or produce food for; to be, or serve as, food for. lit. and fig. a 1300 Sar7?iu7i li. in E. E. P. (1862) 6 pe s^te of god him sal fede. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 26 Suche is the delicacie Of love, which min herte fedeth. 1577 B. Googe Heres- baclis Husb. 1. (1586) 38 b, Fodder, .very good to feede both cattel & Poultrye. 1669 World>ge Syst. Agric. (1681) 28 One Acre of this Grass will feed you as many Cows as six Acres of other common Grass. 1607 Dryden Virg. Georg. in. 812 The Water Snake, whom Fish and Paddocks fed. 1891 Farmer Slang II, To feed the fishes , to be drowned. absol. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 23 The air feeds not. 5 . To supply with nourishment; to nourish, cause to grow, support, sustain. a 1000 Bocth. Metr. xxix. 70 (Gr.) Se .. metod .. fet eall psette growed wcestmas on weorolde. a 1300 Scvc7i Shis 33 in E. E. P. (1862) 19 Is fule bodi fede mid is siluir and is gold. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. iv. ix. (1495) 93 By the benefyee of blode al the lymmes of the body preuayle and be fedde. 1593 Shaks. Liter. 1077 A mountain-spring that feeds a dale. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 11. 486 Be mindful.. With Store of Earth around to feed the Root. 1719 Watts Hymns 1. xlviii, God .. feeds the strength of every Saint. 1759 tr. Duhamel's Husb. 1. i. (1762) 3 The trees had been fed by other roots. 1784 Cowper Task 111. 662 Some [flowers] clothe the soil that feeds them. 1801 Southey Thalaba 1. xxii, The ebony. .A leafless tree. .With darkness feeds its boughs of raven grain. 1837 Disraeli l 'enetia 1. ii, A rich valley, its green meads fed by a clear and rapid stream. fg- 1626 Bacon Sylva §114 Musick feedeth that dis¬ position of the Spirits which it findeth. 1875 Jowett Plato (td. 2) III. 132 Poetry feeds and waters the passions. + b. To nurture, bring up. Obs. c 1320 SirTristr. 287 Fiftene 3ere he gan him fede. c 1400 Dcstr. Troy 623 Your-selfe .. pe fresshist and fairest fed vpon erthe. 6. To fill with food, to pamper ; to fatten, make fleshy; occas. of the food. dial. To feed {full and) high , to feed up : to supply with rich and abundant food. 1552 Huloet, Feade fatte in a francke or penne, altilis. Feade full, saburratus. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. . tv. i. Wks. 1856 I. 117 When will the Duke hold feed Intelligence ? 1628 Venner Baths of Bathe (1650) 363 Such are his fee'd Agents. 1709 Lond. Gas. No. 4562/4 [He] is Brother - in - Law to John Herstone of the Feed Gunners belonging to the Office of Ordnance. 1816 Scott Old Mdrt. xxxviii, She’s no a fee’d servant. 1887 Pall Mall G. 2 Mar. 11/4 One of the fee’d speakers. Feed, obs. Sc. form of Feud sb}, enmity. Feedable (frdab’l), a. [f. Feed v. + -able.] Capable of being fed. + a. That may be eaten off or grazed {obs.). b. That may be fed (with something). 1649 Blithe Eng. Improv. Ivtpr. iii. 12 Nor is [the land] grazable and feedable so soon. 1858 Miss Mulock Th. ab. Worn. 44 A kissable, scoldable, sugar-plum feedable plaything. Feeder (fntai). [f. as prec. + -ER 1 .] One who or that which feeds. 1 . One who feeds or supplies food to (a person or animal) ; formerly often in contemptuous use, one who maintains (a parasite, a spy, etc.). 1579 Tvvyne Phisickc agst. Port. 1. lxiv. 88 b, Often calling his Feeder by his name, and the better to perswade hym, flatteryng hym with [etc.]. 1616 Rich Cabinet 130 The horsse remembers, .his feeder. 1653 Milton Hirelings Wks. (1851)387 Idleness, with fulnes of Bread, begat pride and perpetual contention with thir Feeders the despis'd Laity. 1683 LoyalObservator 11 His feeders, .have, .put him upon another jobb. 1725 Pope Odyss. xiv. 461 Those who.. Blas¬ pheme their feeder. 1826 Disraeli Viv. Grey 11. xv, Your Playing-up toady, who, unconscious to its feeder, is always playing up to its feeder’s weaknesses. 1834 Brit. Husb. I. viii. 203 The feeder should be provided with an elastic ramrod. 1865 Kingsley Herew. (1866) I. x. 229, I am Hereward, the land-thief—sea-thief—the feeder of wolf and raven. 1868 Geo. Eliot Sp. Gipsy 269 A handsome steed . .Neighs to new feeders. b. Sport. A trainer (of cocks or horses). 1 Obs. 1781 P. Beckford Hunting (1802) 57, I have inquired of my feeder .. how he mixes up his meat. 1810 Sporting Mag. XXXVI. 55The long main between the gentlemen of Staffordshire, Gosling feeder, and the gentlemen of Lan¬ cashire, Gilliver feeder, was won by the former. C. transf and fig. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IF, v. v. 66 The Tutor and the Feeder of my Riots. 1616 HaywardAis no3t Philip son ]>e firs )?e fedare of grece? X413 Lydg. Pilgr. Scnvle iv. xxix. (1859) 62 O thou wretchyd herd and fals feder of the hows Israel, c 1430 Life St. Kath. (1884) 98 He ys my God my louer and my feder. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxxxi. (1611) 438 They are commanded to bee .. leaders, feeders, superuisors amongst their owne. 1659 Torriano, Pasture.. a Pastor or a Preacher, as it were a Feeder of souls. 5 . One who feeds up or fattens (an animal), esp. one whose business it is to feed cattle for slaughter. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. iv. (1869) 2 A foulere o)?er a feedere of briddes. 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 176 In fatting of Geese. .The Jews, .are esteem’d the skill- fullest Feeders that be. 1893 Daily News 15 Feb. 5/8 The trade would become paralysed and both feeders and labourers sufTer immensely. f b. humorously. A crammer, tutor. Obs. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. vii, Mr. Thornhill came with, .his chaplain and feeder. 1787 Genii. Mag. LVII. 869/2 A Feeder, by which is meant a person who. .crams into the head of a candidate for a degree certain ideas which [etc.]. [1848 Dickens Dombey Mr. Feeder, B.A ] 6 . A stream which flows into another body of water; a tributary; also attrib., as feeder-stream. 1795 J. Phillips Hist. Inland Navigation Addenda 94 To make navigable the cut or feeder from the town of Wendover, to join the canal at Bulbourne. Ibid. 97 No water to he taken from the feeders of the river Witham. 1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Earn. IV. 249 An immense torrent, .becoming one of the feeders of the Lake. 1826 J. Wilson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 I. 48 Just as I had cleared the feeder-stream, .up springs a reindeer. 1832 Act 2-3 Will. IV, c. 65 § 5 l lie point at which a burn or feeder joins a loch. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. 37 The Kennet . .is one of the main feeders of the Thames. transf. and fig. 1817 J. Scott Paris Revisited (ed. 4) 12 The downfall of great states has usually been produced by a disregard of the sources of alienation, and the feeders of discontent. 1861 Max Muller Sc. Lang. ii. 49 Dialects have always been the feeders rather than the channels of a literary lan¬ guage. 1868 J. H. Blunt Ref Ch. Eng. I. 71 As a feeder to this great college, Wolsey founded another. 1882 Daily Tel. 8 Nov. 5/7 It is proposed to construct lines of a less sub¬ stantial character, to act as feeders to the main lines. 1893 Times 27 Apr. 9/5 The Post office actually increases the business of the banks by acting as a feeder. b. spec. * A water course which supplies a canal or reservoir by gravitation or natural flow ’ (W.). 1825 Beverley Lighting Act ii. 11 Canal, aqueduct, feeder, pond. 1837 Whittock Bk, Trades (1842) 201 The feeder is constructed so as to promote a current in its waters to the head of the reservoir. 1866 Cornhill Mag. Mar. 367 Another sweet-water canal, which is to be an essential feeder of the principal channel. FEEDING. c. In wider sense : A centre or source of supply. In quots. fig. 1817 Coleridge Lay Serm. 377 Our religious opinions, out of which .. all our other opinions flow, as from their spring-head and perpetual feeder. 1872 O. W. Holmes Poet. Breakf-t. iii. (1S91) 80 The sources from which a man fills his mind,—his feeders, as you call them. attrib. 1892 Pall Mall G. 26 Sept. 5/1 Looking down., from the edge of the great glacier-feeder basin. 7 . Mining, a. A smaller lode falling into the main lode or vein. 1728 Nicholls in Phil. Trans. XXXV. 403 Small Branches opening into them in all Directions ; which are by the Miners term’d, the Feeders of the Load. 1805 Mushet ibid. XCV. 165 Towards the feeder it seemed loose and crumbly. 1869 R. B. Smyth Goldfields Victoria 610 Feeder , a spur falling into a reef increasing, .its size and richness. b. An underground spring or runner of water. X702 Savery Miner's Friend 25 When once you knowhow large your feeder or spring is. X789 Brand Newcastle II. 679 They know when any feeder of water is pricked. 1892 Daily News 16 Mar. 5/7 Abnormally heavy feeders of water. c. A stream of gas escaping through a fissure in the ground ; a blower. 1881 in Raymond Mining Gloss. 1883 in Gresley Coal- mining Terms 104. 8. One who or that which supplies material for consumption or elaboration. a. One who 4 feeds ’ material to a machine. 1676 Beal in Phil.Trans. XI. 584 By this, .may two work¬ men, and one feeder, grind 20 bushels of Apples in an hour. 1835 Ure Philos. Manuf. 155 The person who attends this machine, .is called the feeder. 1886 Pall Mall G. 18 June 5/1 On a raised platform stands the feeder, with his spade, and it is his duty to shovel the quartz into the hopper. 1888 Jacobi Printers' Voc. 43 Feeder, the lad who lays on the sheets in a printing machine. b. The player who tosses the ball to the bats¬ man (in ( Rounders’ and similar games). Hence, the name of a particular game resembling rounders. 1844 Boy's Treasury 17 The players next toss up for the office of feeder. Ibid. 18 This game [Rounders] differs from feeder only in the following particulars. 1875 ‘ Stonehenge * Brit. Sports in. 1. iv. § 1. 686 The feeder is allowed to feign a toss of the ball. c. An apparatus or a portion of an apparatus, often in the form of a hopper, into which the material to be treated is placed in order to be supplied to the machine in regulated quantities. 1669 Worlidge Syst . Agric. (1681) 51 Observe whether it will hold out .. and accordingly proceed and rectifie the Feeder. 1823 J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 79 The feeder, which coming from an air-tight vessel..full of oil, it drops slowly into the centre of the iron vessel. 1870 Public Opinion 16 July 81 The new feeder is a single-acting plunger pump. 1892 P. Benjamin Mod. Mech. 859 Automatic .. feeder, .to feed the grain easily. d. The lower chamber in an organ bellows which supplies the upper chamber or reservoir with wind. 1852 Seidel Organ 36 The lower one, called the feeder ..when pressed down, produces the wind. 1870 E. J. Hopkins Organ 14. e. Naut. A reserved compartment between decks for filling up the vacancy in the hold caused by the settling down of grain, etc. 1890 Daily News 10 Dec. 5/8 The cargo was secured in the usual way..seven large feeders in the ’tween-decks. 9 . Metal-casting, a. (See quot. 1858.) Also attrib., as feeder-head. b. * The opening made in a foundry mould for the introduction of the feed rod’ (Lockwood). 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade 149/2 Feeder, .a large head or supply of fluid iron to a runner or mould in heavy castings. 1892 Lockwood's Diet. Mech. Engin. Terms 136 Feeder head .. a mass of metal which has been utilised for feeding a mould. 10 . Electrical Engineering, a. A wire bearing a subsidiary current, b. A branch-wire to supply a house, etc. 1892 Electrical Engineer 16 Sept. 287/2 The Northampton Electric Light and Power Company have equal weights of distributing mains and feeders. 11 . Theatrical. (See quot.) x886 Stage Gossip 70 A part or character that is con¬ stantly giving cues for another character to ‘score off’or * cannon off’ is known as a ‘ feeder ’. Feeding (frdiij), vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ing b] 1 . The action of the vb. Feed, in its various senses. c 897 K- TElfred Gregory's Past. v. 42 Sio feding Sara sceapa. c 1320 R. Brunne Medit. 39 pe fyrst ys a bodly fedyng. 14 .. Epiph. in Twiddle's Vis. 120 Thys day is named Phagyphanye .. For thys word fhagy .. Is seyd of fedyng. c 1475 Babecs Bk. (1868) 7 In youre fedynge luke goodly yee be sene. 1526 Pilgr. Perf (W. de W. 1531) 137 Pamperyng .. our bodyes by..moche fedyng of delycate meates and drynkes.. 1676 Ray Corr. (1848) 122 Skill in the feeding .. of singing-oirds. 1725 Sloane Jamaica II. 285 According to its feeding on venemous or not venemous food, ’tis wholesome or poysonous. 1803 Davy in Phil. Trans. XCIII. 272 The feeding of leather in the slow method of tanning. 1837 Dickens Pickw. viii, There was not a gleam of. .anything but feeding in his whole visage. 1879 Geo. Eliot Thco. Such i. 15 A feeding up into monstrosity. 2 . concr. That which is eaten ; food. Now rare. X398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvm. i. (1495) 736 Some beestys gadre store of mete and fedynge. c 1440 Promp. Pam\ 152/2 Fedynge, or fode, pasturn. 1532-3 Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 3 Beoffe, mutton, porke, and veale .. is the FEEDING 133 FEEL. common feedyng of.. poore persons. 1581 Mulcaster Positions xxxvii. (1887) 148 Will ye let the fry encrease, where the feeding fades? 1653 Walton Angler 148 His [the Pike's] feeding is usually fish or frogs. 1866 Handy Horse Bk. 20 So should the horses feeding be augmented by one-third . .more than usual. + b. To take feeding {of) : to feed (upon). In quot.yf;,''. c 1500 Melusine 298 Her of whom myn eyen toke theire fedyng. f c. Nourishment, sustenance. Obs. 1547 Boorde Bre~o. Health Pref. 4 Consider if.. the stekenes in the exterial partes have any fedynge from the interial partes. 3 . Grazing-ground or pasture land; pasturage, feeding-ground. Obs. exc. dial. C1430 Pilgr. Ly/Manhode 11. cix. (1869) 116 He .. ouer- throweth here feedinges [ pasiuraux], 1467 Bury Wills (1850) 47 Alle the landys, medevves, pasturys, and fedyngys callyd Southwode. 1554-5 Act 2-3 Phil 4- Mary c. 3 Lands or feedings, apt for milch kine. 1627 Speed England iii. § 4 Kent, .in some things hath the best esteeme : as in.. feedings for Cattell. 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 31 The Spring and Autumn feeding, whereon six or eight Cattle usually grazed. 1768 Boswell Corsica i. (ed. 2) 40 Sheep..have fine feeding. 1840 Spurdens Suppl. Voc. E. Anglia s.v., ‘ You turned your horse into my feeding.' 4 . attrib. and Comb. a. simple attrib., as feeding- barley, - cake , -cock y -ground , house , -land, -linseed , - machine , -metal, - pipe , - place, -stuff, -vessel , - work . 1884 y ’ork Herald 19 Aug. 7/2 ^Feeding foreign barley. 1883 Encycl . Brit . XV. 511/1 ^Feeding cakes, pulse, and other .. feeding stuffs. 1827 Farey Steam Engine, 369 Regulate the ^feeding cocks..so as to give the requisite supply. 1847 Marry at Childr. N. Forest xiv, It is all good ^feeding-ground. 1807 Vancouver Agric. Devon (1831) 87 A gentleman, .is judiciously distributing his *feeding-houses . .over all the highest parts of his farms. 1873 Tegetmeier Poultry Bk. xxix. 370 Supply a bed of clean straw in the feeding-house. i 883 Y. IV. Line. Gloss., *Feeding land, grazing land. 1887 Daily News 28 June 2/5 Not much business passing in ^feeding linseed. 1873 J. Richards Wood-working Factories 142 ^Hand-feeding machines. 1891 Lockwood’s Diet. Mech. Engin. Terms 136 The ^feeding metal is .. supplied in small quantities. 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 52 Just behind the Share and *Feeding- pipe. 1611 Bible Nahum ii. n Where is. .the ^feeding place of the yong Lions ? 1883 *Feeding-stuffs [see feeding-cake]. 1859 Luard in Archazol. Cant. II. 8 * Feeding-vessels for the chickens. 1682 Hickeringill Black Non-Confo7‘inist Wks. (1716) 11. 144 This necessary *feeding-work of a good Shepherd. b. Special comb., as feeding-bottle, a glass bottle for supplying artificial food to infants; also attrib. in figurative sense; feeding-box, (ci) a compartment in which a horse is placed to be fed ; (< b ) in hot air feeding-box , an appliance for * feed¬ ing * hot air to a stove; feeding-cloth = feed- cloth ; feeding-cup (see quot.) ; feeding-drum, a drum used for feeding certain kinds of furnaces; feeding-engine, -head, -needle (see quots.) ; feeding-piece, grazing ground; feeding-rod, a small metal rod used for keeping an open passage in a casting during the process of feeding; f feed¬ ing-stead, a pasture; feeding-time, (a) a time for taking food ; meal-time; ( b ) dial, genial or growing weather (for crops) ; feeding-trace, a track showing where animals have obtained food ; feeding-tube (see quot.). 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade 149/2 ^Feeding-bottle. 1884 St. James' Gaz. 2 Feb. 3/1 Napoleon foresaw the results of this feeding-bottle policy. 1887 Hackney Gaz. 9 Feb. 2/7 Fitting up infant’s feeding-bottles. 1883 Encycl. Brit. XV. 511/1 When the manure is made in ^feeding-boxes. 1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 65/1 Grates . .with .. hot air feeding box. 1821 Specif, of Barker 4- Harris’s Patent No. 4574. 4 The material [fur] to be cleared being taken ofF the feeding cloth or endless web. 1882 J. W. Anderson Med. Nursing iv. (1883) 73 See that the * feeding cup and all vessels used for food are kept clean. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Feeding-cup, a vessel with a spout for the feeding of a sick person whilst lying down. Also, an oblong shallow vessel with a tubular end, to which a teat can be affixed for the artificial feeding of young children. 1854 Ronalds & Richardson Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 151 As each scraper comes in turn under the ^feeding-drum, the coal which has fallen between each of them will be carried forward. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 830/1 * Feeding engine, a supplementary engine for feeding the boiler, when the main engine is stopped. Ibid., * Feeding-head (Founding), an opening in a mould .. which supplies metal as the casting contracts. 1831 Brewster Nat. Magic xi. (1833) 289 A *feeding-needle [in the tambouring machine] which by a circular motion round the working-needle, lodged upon the stem of the latter the loop of the thread. 1796 W. Marshall Midland Counties Gloss , * Feeding-piece. 1892 Lock-wood's Diet. Mech. Engin. Terms 136 * Feeding-rod. 14.. Voc. in Wr.-Whicker 600 Pciscua, a *ffedyngstede. 1887 S. Cheshire Gloss ., ‘ It’s a rare *feedin’ time for th’ turmits.’ 1888 Illust. Lond. Ncws Christmas No. 11/1 Abell rang. There’s feeding-time, we’d best go down. 1856 Kane A ret. Expi. II. iii. 38 The numerous *feeding-traces [of rabbits] among the rocks. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., * Feeding tube, an elastic tube., which is passed into the stomach. Feeding (frdiij),///. a. [f. as prec. +-ing 2.] That feeds. . + 1. That nourishes; nutritious. Obs. exc. dial. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. ii. ix. (1495I 37 This one mete, .very fedynge is founden. 1651 in Hartlib’s Legacy (1655) 101 It [Lucern] is much more feeding than any other Hay. 1660 Sharrock Vegetables 136 A fat, rich, deep, moist, and feeding soil, a 1722 Lisle Husb. (1757) 422 The feedingest ground makes the toughest timber. 1877 Holder- ness Gloss, s.v., ‘ Whotmeeal’s a varry feedin thing.’ 2 . That is taking food ; of an animal : Grazing. a 1861 Clough Poems, Ite Domum Saturn? 22 Doth he sometimes in his slumbering see The feeding kine. 1879 Jefferies Wild Life in S. C. 275 A feeding flock. 1888 Daily News 7 Sept. 5/2 Feeding trout generally keep within casting distance from the shore. b. trails}'. Of a gale or storm : That increases gradually in violence, or in its effects. Sometimes hyphened. Also fig. 1641 R. Baillie Lett. 4- Jrnls. (1846) I. 352 This is a feeding storme. 1819 Caled. Mercury 30 Dec. (Jam.), We had a pretty copious fall of snow. At one time every¬ thing seemed to portend what is called a feeding-storm. 1826 Scott Jrnl. (1890) I. 76 This seems to be a feeding storm, coming on little by little. 1828 Craven Dial., Feeding-storm, a continuance or succession of snow, daily feeding or adding to what is already on the ground. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 291 Feeding-gale. f 3 . That eats away; corrosive. Obs. rare. 1750 tr. Leonardus ’ Mirr. Stones 221 It cures feeding and malignant Ulcers. 4 . That keeps lip the supply (of a river, machine, etc.). 1833 N. Arnott Physics (ed. 5) II. 106 The feeding snows are more abundantly dissolved. 1835 Ure Philos. Manuf. 154 Cardings introduced in pairs at the feeding rollers. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 291 Feeding-part of a tackle, that running through the sheaves, in opposition to the standing part. + Feedman. Obs. Also 5-6 feod(e)man. [f. Feed ppl. a. + Man.] a. One holding a Fee (sb. 2 ) ; a vassal, b. A soldier serving for pay. c 1460 Fortescue Abs. 4 * Lint. Mon. xvii, He shall haue than a greter myght.. than he hath nowe off all his o]?sr ffeed men. 1465 Paston Lett. No. 532 II. 248 Doo warne owr ffeede men and servaunts. .that they be ther thann in owr leverey. 1485 Plumpion Corr. p. xevi, 38 Knyghts of his feedmen. 1555 Bradforth in Strype Eccl. Mem. III. App. xlv. 131 Lettres touching my Lord Pagette, that he shoulde be the Kinges feode man. 1565 Jewel Def. Apol. (1611) 476 The Einperour is a Vassall or a Feedman of the Church of Rome. 1722 Bp. Wilson in Keble Life xv. (1863) 484 With .. intention of lessening the Governor’s authority .. over the Feedmen in the Garrisons. Fee'd-water. A supply of water for the boiler of an engine. Also attrib. and Comb., as feed¬ water-apparatus, -heater, -pump, -purifier. 1862 Repo?’ts of Juries, Exhibition 1862 v. 5 A medal was awarded to Mr. Bateson for his feed-water heating appa¬ ratus. 1867 in Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 1875 Bedford Sailor's Pocket-bk. vi. (ed. 2) 210 The feed water passes through a coiled pipe in a cistern. 1886 Auckland JVcekly News 26 June 32/4 The boiler .. has a feed-water-heater. 1892 P. Benjamin Mod. Mech.vS^ Feed-Water Evaporators. Fee-farm (frfarm). Lazo. Also Sc. Feu-farm. [a. KF.feeferme, OF. feuferme, fiofferme \ Anglo- Lat. (12th c.) had feudofirma, feudifirma, and the phrase firmam in feudo tenere ; in continental use occur feudum firmum, feudalis firma, firma feu- data ; see Fee sb . 2 and Farm sb. 2 ] 1 . That kind of tenure by which land is held in fee-simple subject to a perpetual fixed rent, without any other services ; the estate of the tenant in land so held ; rarely, the land itself. It is a debated question whether a fee-farm merely implies a perpetual rent of any kind, or whether it should be con¬ fined to a perpetual rent-service, or to a perpetual rent- charge equivalent to at least a fourth of the value of the land. [1114 Charter in Chr. Mon. Abingdon (Rolls) II. no Quoddam pratum .. in firma perpetuo habendum pro xx solidis reddendis unoquoque. 1292 Britton i. i. § 6 Si la fraunchise ne soit graunte en fee ferme .. par nous. Ibid. iii. ii. § 8 Fee fermes sount terres tenuz en fee a rendre pur eux par an la verreye value, ou plus ou meyn.] ^1460 Fortescue 'Abs. 4- Lim. Mon. x, In grete lordshippes, maneres, ffee ffermys, and such other demaynes. 1494 Fabyan Chron.xu. 438 He grauntyd to the cytezyns the fee ferme of London for .ccc. Ii. 1555 Eden Decades 249 Such as had the same in fee ferme. 1627 Speed Englatid xxviii. § 7 Hurstingston. .was the Fee-farme of Ramsey Abbey. 1643 in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 304 The king is forced to set many of his lands to fee-farm. 1650 Weldon Crl.Jas. I, 60 Hee [Salisbury] would make them buy Books of Fee- farines. 1652 Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 289 What was in lease from the Crown, .he would secure to us in fee-farm. fig. 1606 Shaks. Tr. 4- Cr. iii. ii. 53 How now, a kisse in fee-farme? 1678 Marvell Growth Popery Wks. 1875 IV. 326 Were not all the votes as it were in fee-farm, of those that were intrusted with the sale? 2 . The rent paid for an estate so held. 1399 Langl. Rich. Redeles iv. 4 Alle his ffynys ffor ffautis ne his ffee ffermes. r 1520 in Fiddes Wolsey 11. (T726) 26 Towchyng the mynyshyng of our Fee farme enenst the lorde of Ruteland. 1598 Manwood Lawes Forest xxi. § 4 (1615) 201 Paying unto the King a certain fee ferme or rent for y’same. 1682 Enq. Elect. Sheriffs 32 King John .. granted..to the Citizens, .the Sheriffwick of London and Middlesex, .by the fee-farm of 300 1 . per Annum. 3 . attrib. esp. in feefarm-rent. 1638 Sir R. Cotton Abstr. Rec. Tcnver 12 Their abilities will settle the Fee-farme rent. 1710 Lond. Gaz. No. 4702/3 To be sold a Fee-Farm-Rent of. 20/. per Annum. 1855 Milman Lat. Chr. (1864) V. ix. vi. 287 The fee farm pay¬ ment to Rome. 1881 Act 44-5 Viet. c. 49 § 34 The land commission shall, .dispose of all fee farm rents for the time being vested in them. 1882 Earl of Belmore in 19 th Cent. July 126 By way of fines and fee-farm grants. Hence Fee-farming vbl. sb., the action or practice of putting out to fee-farm. 1549 Latimer 6 ih Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 168 He hath inuented fee fermyng of benefices. Fee-farmer (frfajmoj). Law. Also Sc, Feu- farmer. [a. AF. feefermer, OF. feufermicr, med.L. feudi/irmarius , f. feudifirma : see Fee- farm.] One who holds a fee-farm. 1468 in Rolle Abridgment (1668) 150 Les Fee-farmers del Roy. 1511-2 Act 3 Hen. VIII, c. 23 Preanib., Fermours, Feefermours, Officers and Occupiers. 1591 in Hearne R. Brunne (1810) 418 Her majesties fee-farmer. fig. 1609 J. Davies Holy Roode cxxvii, As when bright Phebus.. And his Fee-farmer Luna, most are parted. Fee-faw-fum (f/ fg fvm). Also 7 fie foh fumme, 8 fe fi fo fum, 7-9 fee fa fum. 1 . The first line of doggerel spoken by the giant in the nursery tale of ‘ Jack the giant killer’ upon discovering the presence of Jack. 1605 Shaks. Lear iii. iv. 188 His word was still fie, foh, and fumme. I smell the blood of a British man. 1711 Chap bk., Jack 4- the Giants n, Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum I smell the Blood of an English Man. 2 . a. An exclamation indicating a murderous intention, b. Nonsense, fitted only to terrify children. Also attrib . 1690 Dryden Amphitryon it. i, The bloody villain is at his fee, fa, fum, already. 1811 Lexicon Balatronicum, I am not to be frightened by fee, faw, fum. 1825 Macaulay Milton Ess. 1854 I. 12 They have .. none of the fee-faw- fum of Tasso and Klopstock. 1830 A. Fonblanque Eng. under 7 Administ. (1837) II. 10 The fee-fa-fum style of rhetoric, a 1850 M. F. Ossoli At Home 4 ‘ Abroad (i860) 400 It is they who invent all the 4 fe, fo, fum ’ stories about Italy. 1855 Browning Men 4- Worn. I. Lover's Quarrel 16 The valiant Thumb Facing the castle glum And the giant’s fee-faw-fum ! 1890 Review of Reviews II. 538/2 This is all fee-faw-fum. 3 . Used to express ‘ a blood-thirsty person 1678 Dryden Limbcrham v. i, That Fe-fa-fum of a Keeper wou’d have smelt the Blood of a Cuckold-maker. 1824 Miss Ferrier Inher. xiv, I feel so much of the fee, fa, fum about me, that I can scarcely ask you to trust your¬ self with me. Hence Fee-faw-fumish. a. 1846 Geo. Eliot Let . in Life ii. 81 The note in this proof sounds just as fee-fo-fumish as the other. Feel (ffl), sb. Also 3, 5 fele, 5-6 Sc. feill. [f. next vb.] 1 . The action of feeling ; an instance of this, in senses of the vb.; in quots. f a sounding of a person’s intentions, etc. {obs.) ; the perceiving (something) by sensation, rare . 1461 Paston Lett. No. 415 II. 50, I dede a gode fele to enquer. .whan the seid Yelverton shuld go to London. 1832 L. Hunt.S' 0//«. Poems (1832) 208 Catching your heart up at the feel of June. + b. A tentative suggestion, hint. Obs. a 1470 Henry Wallace x. 023 Off Gyane, thus, quhen Wallace hard a feill, ‘ No lana’, he said, 1 likit him halff so weill.’ J 2 . Se. and north, a. Consciousness, sensation, b. Apprehension, sense, understanding, knowledge. a 1240 Wohunge in Cott. Horn. 285 f>e muchele swetnesse of |?e reaues me fele of pine, a 1300 Cursor M. 547 (Cott.) Man has his fele, O thyng man liks, il or welle. a 1400 -50 Alexander 850 Has }?ou na force in [>i fete ne fele of selfe? c 1470 Henry Wallace 11.14 Thocht Inglis men thar of had litill feille. £1500 Lancelot 2854 That, .was knycht that had most feill. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus 1. 467 Of that Text thow hes bot litill feill. 1603 Philotus cxxvii, Hes thow not tint thy feill. 3 . The sense of touch. Now only in to the feel. a 1300 Cursor M. 17017 (Cott.) Hering, sight, smelling and fele, cheuing er wittes five. 1812 Sir H. Davy Chan. Philos. 180 It is harsher to the feel. 1874 Contcmp. Rev. XXIV. 433 A rough texture to the feel. 1883 G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads xxxi. (1884) 237 It [the bed-eel], .is firm to the feel. 4 . A feeling or sensation, mental or physical. 1737 H. Walpole Corr. (1820) I. 16 With all sorts of queer feels about me. 1788 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 4 * Lett. IV. iv. 194, I put aside the disagreeable feel of exciting that wonder. 1818 Keats in Life 4* Lett. I. 120 Among multi¬ tudes of men I have no feel ofstooping. 1833 Ht. Martineau Tale of Tyne vi. 117 To tell by the feel when the sun was going down. 1879 Browning Ivlin Ivanov itch 225 The feel of the fang furrowing my shoulder ! 5 . As a quality of a material object: The kind of (tactual or vague organic) sensation which it produces. 1739 S. Sharp Surg. xxvii. 135 We must judge then by the Feel of the Surface of the Bone. 1789 Mrs. Piozzi Jourti. Finance II. 376 The general feel of the air is very mild. 1794 G. Adams’s Nat. 4- Exp. Philos. I. App. 543 Fixed oils .. possess .. 2. An unctuous feel. 1805 W. Saunders Min. Waters 40 That rough and harsh feel to the fingers and tongue, which characterises the insipid hard waters. 1864 Mrs. Catty Parables fr. Nature Ser. iv. 155 Twinette was on the cold pavement. But she didn’t like the feel of it at all. 1882 Edna Lyall Donoz’an xx, It reminded him of the feel of little Dot’s tiny fingers. 6. Comb, of the vb. stem, as feel-horn (rare -1 ) = Feeler 3 [after Ger .fiihlhoni\ 1770 J. R. Forster tr. Nairn's Trav. N. Antcr. I. 134 Their antennas or feel-horns were as long as their bodies. Feel (f*l\ v. Pa. t. and pa. pple. felt (felt). Forms : In fin. 1 f 61 an, 3-4 felen, (5 feelen), 3-5 fell, 3, 5-6 Sc. feil(l, (6 feild), 3-6 fele, 3-4 south, vele, 4-5 felyn, feyle, (5 feyll), 4-7 feele, (6 feale, 8 feell), 4, 6- feel. Pa. t . and pa. pple . 3 feild, fielde, 3-6 feld(e, 4-5 fe(e)lid, felyd(e, 4-6 feeled, 3-7 felte, 3- felt. Also with prefix [esp. in pa. t. and pa. pple.) 1-2 50-, 2-3 i-, y-. PEEL. 134 FEEL. [Com. WestGer.; OE. felan (also gefllan) corre¬ sponds to OFris. fela, OS. gifolian (Du. voe/en), OHG. fiiolen to handle, grope (MHG. viielcn, mod.G. fiihlen to feel\ Da. file to feel (prob. adopted from some LG. source)WGer. type *foljan, f. root fol OAryan pal-, pi-, occurring in OE., OS. folm, OHG. folma hand, Gr. iraKdfn], L. palma, Skr. pani, OIr. lam (\—*plama)l\ I. To examine or explore by touch. 1 . trails. To handle (an object) in order to ex¬ perience a tactual sensation ; to examine by touch¬ ing with the hand or finger. < 893 K. /"Elfred Pros. 1. vii. (Sweet) 38 pysjiernes.. swa Xedrefedlic J?aet hit man ^efelan mihte \tenebras crassitiutine palpabiles ]. 1388 Wyclif Gen. xxvii. 22 Whanne lie hadde feelid hyin, Isaac seide [etc.], c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 20S If bon felist be place wib b‘ fyngir. 1548 Hall Citron. 195 b, By king Edward, which loved well both to loke and to fele fayre dammosels. 1611 Bible Jinlg. xvi. 26 Suffer mee, that I may feele the pillars. 1632 J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromcna 15 You neede feele no other pulse than my heart. 1662 J. Davies tr. Olcarius ’ Voy. Ambuss. 108 He was felt, and found to he Circumcis’d. Ibid. 409 The maids, .were not shy of being seen, nor of having their hair felt. 1776 Trial of Niindocomar 33/1, I felt his pulse. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xvii, 1 Let me feel your pulse, dear Ramorny.’ b. In wider sense : to try by touching, e.g. with a stick or the foot; to move or lift gently and cautiously by way of trial. 1833 Ret rnl. Instr. Cavalry (1844) 48 By feeling the bit gently with the bridle-hand, the horse is to be made to step back. 1867 F. Francis Angling vii. (1880) 279 Feeling the fish, .consists in raising the point of the rod so as to tighten the line sufficiently to enable you to feel the ‘ tug, tug, tug ’, made by the fish in detaining the worm. 1883 Grksley Gloss. Terms Coal Alining,‘Feel 'S.S.', to examine the roof of a thick seam of coal with a long stick or rod by poking and knocking upon it. 1886 R. C. Leslie Sca-painteVs Log 161 Feeling first one line and then another for a bite. c. To feel (+ out) one's way : to find one’s way by groping; to proceed by cautious steps, lit. and fiS- 1436 Polit. Poems (Rolls) II. 165 Kynge Edwarde .. felde the weyes to reule well the see. 1638 Chillingvv. Rclig. Prot. I. ii. § 144. 108 While we have our eyes, we need not feele out our way. 1688 Miegf. Fr. Did. s.v. Feel, A blind Man that feels his Way with a Stick. 1818 Byron Ch. liar. iv. lxxxi, We but feel our way to err. 1862 G. Macdonald D. Elginbrod 11. xxviii, An aging moon was feeling her path somewhere through the heavens. 1879 Froude Caesar xiv. 217 Caesar, .feeling his way with his cavalry. d. To feci out : to ascertain the configuration of (something) as if by touch. 1892 H. R. Mill Realm of Nature xi. 188 The form of the floor of the ocean has thus been gradually felt out point by point. t e. To grope after, fig. (Merely a literalism of translation). Obs. 1382 Wyclif Acts xvii. 27 To seke God, if perauenture thei felen [L. attrectent ] hym eyther fynden. 1535 Cover- dale xvii. 27 That they shulde seke the Lorde, yf they mighte fele and fynde him. 2 . ah sol. and intr. a. To use the hand or finger as an organ of touch. Const, at , of (now only dial. and U.S.), f to. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V , 11. iii. 26 Then I felt to his knees, and so..vpward, and all was..cold. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 352 The part [of Wood] that shineth, is .. somewhat soft, and moist to feel to. 1751 R. Paltock P. Wilkins xlvii. (1883) 140/2 There were many large heaps of ore lying, which I felt of. 1780 Charlotte Burney in F. Burney's Early Diary (1889) II. 289 One Character came to feel of it [his mask]. 1864 E. Sargent Peculiar II. 262 Josephine . .felt of the bosom of Clara’s dress till [etc.]. 1878 N. H. Bishop Voy. Paper Canoe 99 Crowds of people came to feel of the canoe. b. To search for something with the hand (or other tactile organ); to put out the hands, etc. to discover one’s position or find one’s way; to grope. Const, after, for. Also with about. 1382 Wyclif Isa. lix. 10 As withoute e}en we han felid * 53 ° !’ alsgr. 547/2 Fele this way alonge by the wall, tyll you come to the wyndowe. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. 111. (1586) 133 Take the Taile, and feele betwixt every joint. Ibid. 111. 136 Let him .. feele for the blaines, or blisters. 1611 Bible Ads xvii. 27 If haply they might feele after him, and finde him. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 22 Putting my Hand in my Pocket to feel for something else. 1771 Mrs. Griffith tr. Viand's Shipwreck 192, I searched all my pockets, .opened all our parcels, .and looked and felt in every fold of them. 1838 T. Beale Sperm Whale 46 Moving the tail slowly from side to side.. as if feeling for the boat. 1864 Tennyson Fin. Ard. 774 Feeling all along the garden-wall, Lest he should, .tumble. 1868 J. H. Blunt Ref. Ch. Eng. I. 294 The king began to feel about for further augmentations of his revenue. + c. To feel of : ? to handle, administer. To feel together : to come into contact. Obs. c 1400 Apol. Loll. 30 It is necesari to hem .. to fele of pe sacraments of God. c 1450 Merlin 38 As soone as these dragons felen to-geder thei will fighten strongely. 3 . With subord. clause : To try to ascertain by handling or touch, f Formerly sometimes also with material obj. a 1300 Cursor M. 3693 (Cott.) Latte me fele, If pou be he i luue sa wele. Ibid. 18695 (Cott.) Thomas pou fele and se Quer I ine self or noght it be. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 270 pou mi}t fele in what place pei goon in. 1611 Bible Gen xxvii. 21 Come neere. .that 1 may feele thee, .whether thou I bee my very sonne Esau, or not. 1648 J. Beaumont 1 Psyche 111. lix, Three times he..felt How to unbuckle his out-shined Belt. Mod. The surgeon felt if any bones were broken. t 4 . fig. To test or discover by cautious trial; to * sound ’ (a person, his feelings or intentions). Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 2902 (Cott.) Mani man, for ouer-wele, pam-self can noper faand ne feil. c 1460 Towncley Myst. (Surtees) 174 Bot yit some fawt must we feylle, Wherfor that he shuld dy. 1465 Paston Lett. No. 520 II. 221 Fele what he menyth. 1476 Ibid. No. 771 III. 154, I shall ffele hym. 1548 Hall Citron. 213 b, Thei had felte the myndes and ententes, of the rude people. 1581 Savile Tacitus' Hist. 11. Ixiii. (1519) 90 Adding .. that to that purpose he had felt the cohort. 1605 Shaks. Lean. ii. 94 He hath writ this to feele my affection to your Honor. 1664 Sir C. Lyt¬ telton in Hatton Corr. (187S1 41 To feele the French how they will concerne themselves between us and y' Dutch. 5 . Milit. a. trails . To examine by cautious trial the nature of (the ground), the strength of (an enemy), b. intr. To feel for : To try to ascertain the position or presence of. a. 1793 Bentinck in Ld. Auckland'sCorr. III. 47, I men¬ tioned my wish of feeling that ground to L' 1 . Loughborough. 1839 Napier Penins. Warxi. vii. (Rtldg.) I. 316 Loison felt the Portuguese at Pezo de Ragoa. 1848 J. Grant Adv. Aide-de-camp vii, Order Colonel Kempt to throw forward the whole of his light infantry, .to ‘feel’ the enemy. b. 1839 Napier Penins. Warx 11. ii. (Rtldg.) I. 334 Syveira . .had orders to feel, .for the enemy. 1847 Infantry Alan. (1854) 96 An advanced guard .. must proceed with .. pre¬ caution if feeling for an enemy. II. To perceive, be conscious. 6 . trans . To have the sensation of contact with ; to perceive by the sense of touch. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xx. 145 A 1 pat pe fyngres and pe fust..felen and touchen. 15.. L'rere <$• Boyc 91 in Ritson Anc. Pop. Poetry 38 Whan he the bowe in honde felte. 1538 Starkey England 1. i. 20 Thos thyngys wych we se, fele, or her. 1545 Brinki.ow Compl. 19 The lawyer can not vnderstond the matter tyl he fele his inony. 1580 J. Frampton Alonardes Dial, of Yron 155b, Pouder. .that being taken between the fingers is [not] felt between them. 1638 Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. I. 67, I am glad, .that I can lay hold of something, I can feele. 1724 R. Falconer Voy. (1769) 52 It shaked its Tail to and fro. .all the while it felt the water. 1771 Mrs. Griffith tr. Viand's Shipwreck 86, I felt under my naked foot, .some hard substance or other. 1869 Tennyson Pelleas <5- E. 428 Back as a hand that pushes thro’ the leaf To find a nest and feels a snake, he drew. b. In wider sense: To perceive, or be affected with sensation by (an object) through those senses which (like that of touch) are not referred to any special 1 organ ’; to have a sensation of (e.g. heat or cold, a blow, the condition of any part of the body, etc.). a 1000 Riddles xxvi. 9 (Gr.) Heo .. fele<$ sona mines Remotes. 1297 R.Glouc. (1724) 185 pokyngArtureyt[pedunt] yuelde. a 1605 Montgomerie That his hairt iswoundit 17, I the force thairof [a darte] did feild. 1639 tr. Du Bosq's Compl. Woman 11. 82 We feele a wound, not knowing the hand which strikes us. 1662 J. Davies tr. Olcarius' Voy. Ambass. 63 We..felt not the cold. 1665 Hooke Alicrogr, 142 A Nettle is a Plant so well known .. that it needs no description; and there are very few that have not felt as well as seen it. 1705 Bosman Guinea (1721) 394 A stiff Gale, which prevents our feeling the Heat of the Sun. 1840 F. D. Bennett Whaling Voy. II. 265 The hand holding the inflated animal, feels a constant boring motion of the spines. c. with clause, or obj. with inf. (not preceded by to) or complement : To know by sense of touch or organic sensation. c 1386 Chaucer Knt.'s T. 362 The deth he feleth thurgh his herte smite. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. ix. viii. (Tollem. MS.), Watres of depe pittes. .bep felid more hoot in wynter pan in somer. 1526 Pilgr. rerf. (W.de W. 1531) 119 Whan we may fele our pulses bete quikly. 1534 Tin- dale Mark v. 29 She felt in her body that she was healed of the plage. 1568 Grafton Citron. II. 274 When the Genowayes felt the Arrowes pearcyng thorough their heades, armes and breastes. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 13 He felt the blood trickle about his Legs. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Suppi. s.v., In the manage, they say to feel a horse in the hand ; that is, to observe that the will of the horse is in the rider’s hand. 1771 Mrs. Griffith tr. Viand’s Shipwreck 239 One of the men. .cried out that he felt him still warm. 1839 T. B bale Sperm Whale 65 A Sardinian captain bathing .. felt one of his feet in the grasp of one of these animals. d. To feel one's legs, wings : fig. to be conscious of one’s powers; to be at one’s ease. 1579 E. K. in Spensers Slicplt. Cal. Ep. Ded., So flew Virgile , as not yet well feeling his wings. 1881 Daily Tel. 27 Dec., It was not until the last act that he ‘ felt his legs’. e. absol. and intr. To have or be capable of sensations of touch, etc. 1340 Ay cub. 154 pet ech serui of his office .. Ase pe e3en to zyenne ; pe yearen, to hyere. .pe honden and al pet body to vele. 1601 Holland Pliny x. lxxi, Even oisters and the earth-worines, if a man touch them, doe evidently feele. 1631 D. Widdovves Nat. Philos, (ed. 2) 49 About this time [at thirty dayes] the Childe beginneth .. to feele. 1643 J. Steer tr. Exp. Chyrurg. iii. 8 The under skinne. .hardly feeleth, though it bee pricked with a Lancet. 1800 Wordsw. Hart-leap Well 11. xxi, The meanest thing that feels. 1887 W. James in Mind Apr. 184 If the skin felt everywhere exactly alike. 7 . To perceive by smell or taste. Obs. exc. dial. c 1220 Bestiary 510 Whan he it felen, he aren fa^en. a 1300 Cursor M. 3695 (Gott.) Quen he had felt his smell and clath. Ibid. 23456 (Cott.) In this lijf lias man gret liking, .suete spiceri to fell and smell. C1350 Will. Paleme 638 Haue 3e .. feled pe sauor. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 281 He shall well felen ate laste, That it is sowre. c 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 43 Com nere son and kys me, That I may feyle the smelle of the. 1535 Coverdale Dan. iii. 27 There was no smell of fyre felt vpon them. 1575 J. Still Gamut. Gnrton 1. ii, To feele how the ale dost tast. 1604 Jas. I Counterbl. (Arb.) 112 By his own election he would rather feele the sauour of a Sinke. 1624 Capt. J. Smith Virginia 1. 2 They felt a most dilicate sweete smell. 1706 W. Storr in Vor kill. Archxol. frill. VII. 51 It was a very lothsome smell to feell all over the lordship. 1782 Sir J. Sinclair Observ. Scot. Dial. 83 You complain much of that tannery, but I cannot say I feel it. 1846 J.Taylor Upper Canada 101 My conductor exclaiming, ‘I feel the odour of the spring’. 1861 E. Waugh Birtle Carter s Tale 7 There’s that bit o’ pickle i’ th cubbort .. Fotch it eawt. an’ let him feel at it. 1870 Ramsay Rcmitt. (ed. 18) 118 ,1 (eel a smell of tea. 1884 Eastern Morn. News 19 Apr., He felt a nasty smell. f 8. To perceive mentally, become aware of. Obs. [After L. senlire.] Const, as in 6 b, c. a 1000 Riddles vii. 8 (Gr.) Hi pass felaS. 1377 Langl. I y . PI. B. xv. 29 And whan ich fele pat folke tellep my furste name is sensus. a 1400-50 A lexander 3257 pi wale gode pat. .fully feld all pe fare pat fall suld on erthe. 1463 Paston Lett. No. 467 II. 126 As I feele hym disposed I schall send your maystreship answer, c 1470 Henry Wallace 11. 435 With full glaid will to feill thai tithings true. Ibid. vi. 289 The queyne feld weill how that his pur- pos was. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 340/4 Whanne he [Bede] felt {printed fete] this He reuoked hit in his rectractions. 9 . To be conscious of (a subjective fact); to be the subject of, experience (a sensati6n, emotion), entertain (a conviction). £1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 76/196 Grete feblesse he fielde. £1385 Chaucer L. G. W. Prol. 106 In myn herte I feele yet the fire, That made me to ryse er yt wer day. c 1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 88 panne pe sike man schal fele to greet heete & brennynge. c 1435 Torr. Portugal 2537 OfT care no thyng they field. 1535 Coverdale 2 Citron, vi. 29 Yf eny man fele his plage and disease. 1592 Shaks. Ven. i frendschupe fele. <71440 York Myst. x. 78 This is a ferly fare to feele. c X475 Rauf Coifear 97 So fell ane wedder feld I neuer. 1563 J. Pilkington Burn. Panics Ch. A iij, They haue felde great calamities. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 398 Wee fell upon a Cappucine novise .. His head had now felt the razor, his backe the rodde. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 93 [He] had his head cut off, and felt a terrible reward for his Apostasie. 1767 Byrons Voy. r. World 6 The inhabitants feel little incon¬ venience from heat and cold. 1818 Shelley Revolt 0/Islam vhi. vii. 8 The stings Of death will make the wise his ven¬ geance feel. 1840 F. D. Bennett Whaling Voy. I. 5 We felt the first influence of the N. K. trade-wind, in lat. 21 0 N. absol. 1548 Hall Chron. 14 So the comon Proverbe was verified, as you have done, so shall you fele. 11 . To be consciously affected in condition by (a fact or occurrence); to be sensibly injured or benefited by. a. simply. + b. with obj. and complement. x 375 Barbour Bruce xm. 13 Thair fais feld thair cummyng weill. c 1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 756, I wil doo my parte, ye shul it fele. a 1440 Found. St. Bartholomew's 53 Hym 3e shall feill most prompte helper In this present perill. c 1470 Henry Wallace v. 514 He is on lyff, that sail our natioune feill. 1883 Manch. Guardian 18 Oct. 4/7 The storm of Tuesday appears to have been felt very severely on the Western coasts. 12 . transf and fig. Of inanimate objects: To be influenced or affected by; to behave as if conscious of. Of a ship : To feel her helm (see quot. 1867). 1559 W. Cunningham Cosmogr. Glasse 11 Or descending to lowe, th' earth of heat shall fele the flame. 1591 Raleigh Last Fight Rez>. (Arb.) 19 The shippe could neither way nor feele the helme. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 628 Orites. .will abide the fire and feele no harme therby. 1611 Bible Ps. lviii. 9 Before your pots can feele the thornes, he shall take them away. 1660 Sharrock Vegetahles 12 The lesse of the winter the Cabbage, .feels, the more subject 'tis to cater¬ pillars. 1694 Arc. Sev. Late Voy. 11. (1711) 33 The Ships do not feel these smaller Waves but only the great ones. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 1. 448 Earth feels the Motions of her angry God. 1732 Pope Ess. Man 1. 167 That never air or ocean felt the wind. 1822 Shelley Faust n. 12 The hoar pines already feel her breath. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Wora-bk ., Feel the helm , To have good steerage way, carrying taut weather-helm, which gives command of steerage. Also said of a ship when she has gained headway after standing still and begins to obey the helm. 13 . To be emotionally affected by (an event or state of things). 1600 E. Blount tr. Conestaggio 271 They doe feele with greater griefe an other mans profite, then their owne losse. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 1, I was too young to feel my loss, a 1774 Goldsm. Epit. T. Parnell 3 What heart but feels his sweetly moral lay. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 38 Rudolf, .felt deeply the tragical loss of his favourite son. 1882 Miss Braddon Ml. Royal II. ix. 171 It was her candour which he felt most keenly. 14 . intr. To have the sensibilities excited ; esp. to have sympathy with, compassion for (a person, his sufferings, etc.). 1605 Shaks. Mach. iv. iii. 7 It resounds As if it felt with Scotland. 1613 Beaum. & Fl. Honest Man's Fort. iv. ii, How heavy guilt is, when men come to feel ! 1761 Churchill Rosciad (ed. 3) 63S Those who would make us feel, must feel themselves. 1809 Wellington in Gurw. Dcsp. IV. 525 No man can see his army perish by want without feeling for them. 1815 Byron Stanzas for Music , ‘ There's not a joy Oh ! could I feel as I have felt or be what I have been. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vii. (ed. 5) 213 A moderate party .. had always felt kindly towards the Protestant Dissenters. 1893 Speaker 20 May 557/2 The Archbishop, .and his colleagues feel very strongly on the subject of the attack upon the Welsh Church. 15 . Expressing a belief or judgement. Const, either with direct object, subord. clause, or obj. with complement or infinitive (preceded by to.) t a. generally. To believe, think, hold as an opinion. After L. sentire. Obs. 1382 N. Hereford, etc. in Lewis Life lVyclif( 1820) 257 We were required to seyne what we felyde of diverse con¬ clusions. c 1400 Apol. Loll. 87 Iuel \>C\ felid of God, tenting to idols, c 1449 Pecock Rejr. 111. xix. 412 Thou} y feele thus, that the clergie, etc. 1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 47 What schulde y thinke or fele of hym more worthier than not for to pray for him. 1544 Bale Chron. Sir J. Old- castcll in Hart. Misc. (Malh.j I. 260 That I should other- wyse fele and teach of the sacramentes. Ibid. 262 How fele ye thys artycle ? b. Now only with notions derived from other senses : To apprehend or recognize the truth of (something) on grounds not distinctly perceived; to have an emotional conviction of (a fact). 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIIf iv. ii. 91 Garlands, .which I feele I am not worthy yet to weare. 1807 Crabbe Par. Reg. II. 1. 142 Phoebe .. felt she gave delight. 1853 I. Taylor Spir. Despot . vi. 245 They felt that a religion .. demanded a watchful control. 1861 Trollope Barchcster T. xxxii, She felt that she might yet recover her lost ground. Mod. The proposed legislation was felt to be inexpedient. III. 10 . Used (like taste, smell ) in quasi-passive sense with complement: To be felt as having a specified quality; to produce a certain impression on the senses {esp. that of touch) or the sensibilities; to seem. X58X Pettie Guazzo's Civ. Cdnv. 11. (1586) 92 The hande.. feeling to bee rough. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 139 The sub¬ stance of it feels .. exactly like a very fine piece, .of Chamois leather. 1694 Ace. Sev. Late Voy. 11. (1711) 165 If it feels heavy, .then we give him more Rope. 1768 J. Byron Narr. Patagcmia 263 The weather was extremely cold, and felt particularly so to us. 1825 A. Caldcleugh Trav. S. Amer. II. xvii. 185 The air felt chilly. 1844 Lady Fullerton Ellen Middleton ix, It felt to me as if the air had grown lighter. 1862 Mrs. Browning Poems, Mother $ Poet vi, Then one weeps, then one kneels ! God, how the house feels ! 1885 E. Garrett At Any Cost iv. 66 Not then could she under¬ stand how it felt to lie wakeful at nights. Feel, obs. form of Veal. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 275 He mai ete fleisch of .iij. daies poudringe & he mai ete feel. Feelable (frlab’l), a. [f. Feel v. + -able.] That may or can be felt. + a. Sensible, perceptible, manifest {obs.). b. nonce-use. That is matter of emotion or sensibility. c 1440 Hylton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 11. xxviii, By dyuers syknes or by felable tourment of the fende. a X500 Orol. Sap. in Anglia X. 358 Vndir a felable ensaumple I schalle 3eue the ]>e misterie of this doctrine. 1530 Tindale Answ. More iv. xii, He uttereth his feelable blindness. 1570 in Levins Manip. 114. 1883 Huxley in Nature XXVII. 397 All things feelable , all things which stir our emotions, come under the term of art. Hence Feelably adv., in a feelable manner; perceptibly, manifestly {obs.). c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints Thomas 392 By }> re ensampile schawit he Felably quhow ma I>is be. c 1440 Hylton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 11. xx, Vntyll a soule can feleably noughte hymself. Feeld(e, obs. form of Field. Feele, var. of Fele a. Obs. many. Feeler (frlai). [f. Feel v. + -er b] One who or that which feels. 1 . One who feels or perceives by the senses, esp. by the touch. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 258 The smellers or felers therof. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. 1. vi. 101 This hand .. whose touch would force the Feelers soule To’th’oath of loyalty. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk $ Selv. 47 All hearers deaf, all feelers numb. 1840 Tait's MagNW. 706 ,1 was one of the best feelers of a silk that ever entered Snuggs* shop. 2 . a. One who is the subject of feeling or emo¬ tion. f b. One who knows (anything) by his own feelings {obs.). c. One who experiences or has to bear (something disastrous or painful). 16x1 Wotton Let. to Sir E. Bacon in Reliq. Wotton. (1672) 399 Of my longing to see you, I am a better feeler than a describes 1779 Johnson Let. to Mrs. Thrale 8 Nov., If she be a feeler, I can bear a feeler as well as you. 1814 Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. IV. 24 We are to be the main feelers of the consequences. 1870 Lowell Study Wind. 207 He was not a strong thinker, but a sensitive feeler. 3 . Biol. One of the organs with which certain animals are furnished, for trying by the touch objects with which they come in contact, or for searching for food ; a palp. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 194 There are two other jointed and brisled horns, or feelers, in the forepart of the head. 1721 R. Bradley Whs. Nat. 55 Those Antense, or Feelers, which we observe in Lobsters. 1768 G. White Selborne xviii. (1789) 52 The upper jaw [of the loach] .. is surrounded with six feelers, three on each side. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. VII. 327 The ant-lion seizes it with its feelers, which are hollow 1843 Owen Invertebr. An. xiii. 155 The mouth [of the Cirripedia] is provided with a broad upper lip, with two palps or feelers. 1880 W. B. Carpenter in 19 th Cent. No. 38. 617 Many of these are provided with enormously long and delicate feelers or hairs, b. transf. and Jig. 1865 Merivale Rom. Emf. VIII. Ixvi. 235 Her ships were the feelers with which she touched on Greece and Italy. 1874 B lackie Self-Cult. 61 [Atheists] can.. fasten their coarse feelers upon nothing but what they can finger. e. slang. That with which one feels ; the hand. 1877 Five Years' PenalSerz>. 259 In a week or two a man can bring his hooks and feelers into full working trim again. 4 . One sent out to ‘feel’ the enemy; a scout. Cf. Feel v. 3 b. 1847 Infantry Man. (1854) 105 These patrols must be preceded by feelers. 1876 Voyle Milit. Diet., Feelers. b. transf. A proposal or hint put forth or thrown out in order to ascertain the opinions of others. 1830 Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) I. 288 The feeler which they have put out. 1858 Froude Hist. Eng. III. xv. 273 Cromwell had thrown out feelers in the various European courts. 1886 ‘ H. Conway’ Living or Dead v, ‘It will cost a great deal if I fit them up as I like,’ I said as a feeler. attrib. 1889 Pall Mall G. 30 May 6/3 The project has gone no further than the feeler circular. C. Racing. A trial race. 1883 Standard 21 May 2/1 Osborne, journeyed from Man¬ chester. .with the express purpose of having a ‘feeler’ on Mr. Adrian’s colt. Feeless (fries), a. [f. Fee sb . 2 + -less.] With¬ out a fee or fees; not bringing, paying, or yielding fees ; not receiving fees. 1740 Somerville Hobbinol u. 260 In Shoals they come, Neglected feeless Clients. 1825 Ld. Cockburn Mem. ii. 145 He could not tell a story without disclosing his power [i.e. of mimicry], a feeless faculty. 1848 Lytton Harold vn. v, Feeless went he now from man to man. 1852 Ld. Cockburn Jeffrey I. 179 His practice, .included the whole of our Courts, Civil, Criminal, and even ecclesiastical, the most fee-less of them all. 1886 Pall Mall G. 23 Sept. 2/1 There is any number of formalities to be gone through, the first of which consists in sending the fee-less child home. 1892 Star 3 Aug. 1/6 Praiseworthy zeal for a feeless theatre. Feeling (frliij), vbl. sb. [f. Feel v. + -ing U] 1 . The action of the vb. Feel in various senses ; an instance of the same. Chiefly gerundial. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 140 In Jus ben yvel signes .. crampe to schite wi}>oute felynge & umnovablete of alle membres. x6xx Bible Eph. iv. 19 Who being past feeling haue giuen themselues ouer vnto lasciuiousnesse. 1791 Boswell Johnsonan. 1752, Love is not a subject of reasoning, but of feeling. X805 Med. Jrnl. XIV. 14 From the first feeling of a febrile attack. 1833 Regnl. Instr. Cavalry (1844) 44 The horse must be kept attentive by a light feeling of the bridle. attrib. 1754 A. Murphy Gray's Inn Jrnl. No. 66 These, in their Feeling-hours of Distress, are reported to have reproached themselves with their Folly. t b. In (the) feeling : =‘to the feel’ (see Feel sb. 3). Obs. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 305 Whanne it is not hoot in felinge. 1577 B. Googe Ilcresbach's Hush. m. (1586) 128 His bide not hard, or stubborne in feeling. 1662 j. Davies tr. Mandelslo’s Trav. 155 It is of a reddish colour, as smooth, and slippery in the feeling as soap. 1669 Sturmy Mariner s Mag. v. xii. 65 The harder the Corns of Powder are in feeling, by so much the better it is. c. attrib. (Cf. Feel v. 5.) a 1849 Sir R. Wilson Life (1862) I. ii. 67 So soon as the Austrian Hussars had fired with their skirmishers a few feeling shot. 2 . The faculty or power by which one feels (in sense 6 of the vb.) ; the 1 sense of touch * in the looser acceptation of the term, in which it includes all physical sensibility not referable to the special senses of sight, hearing, taste, and smell. 6'1175 Lamb. Horn. 75 Hore blawing, hore smelling, heore feling wes al iattret. c 1230 Hali Mcid. 13 Hire fif wittes, sih'Se & heringe smecchunge & smealunge & euch limes felunge. <*1340 Cursor M. 17018 (Fairf.) Heryng, speche, sight, smellyng & felyng are wyttes v. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 111. ix. (1495) 55 The spyryte of felynge is shedde in to all the body. 1535 Covf.kdale 2 Kings iv. 31 There was nether voyce ner felynge. 1601 Holland Pliny x. lxxi. 306 There is not a living creature .. but hath the sence of feeling, although it have none else. 1669 A. Browne Ars Piet. (1675) 65 Finally by the feeling, we touch cold and hot, moist and dry. 1712 Addison Spcct. No. 411 P 1 The Sense of Feeling can indeed give us a N otion of.. Shape. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acc. E. hid. II. xii. 109 The Elephant would find out the Gold among the Lead, by the nice Feeling of his Proboscis. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. I. 30 A hoof., blunts the feeling, and renders the foot incapable of seizing. 1871 R. Ellis Catullus Ixiv. 189 Yet from grief-worn limbs shall feeling wholly depart not. b. A physical sensation or perception through the sense of touch or the general sensibility of the body. c 1380WYCLIE Serm. Sel. Wks. II. ioWihJns felyng of Jus womman God }af hir witt to prophecie bus. 1614 Raleigh Hisi. World iii. § 7. 45 The ayre is so thinne, that it is not sufficient to beare vp the body of a bird hauing therein no feeling of her wings. 1805 Med. Jrnl. XIV. 242 It is often difficult, .to describe on paper every feeling and appearance we notice. 1851 Carpenter Man. Phys. (ed. 2) 572 A feeling of some of the corporeal changes taking place within them¬ selves. 1884 tr. Lotze's Metaph. 524 That feeling which instructs us respecting the position, the movement, and the amount of exertion of our limbs. + 3 . Passive experience; sensible proof; know¬ ledge of an object through having felt its effects. 1526 Tindale Rom. v. 4 Pacience bryngeth felynge, felynge bryngeth hope. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. <$• Commw. 100 Spaine both knowes us, and hath of late had some feeling of us. 4 . The condition of being emotionally affected ; an instance of this ; an emotion. Often specialized by of with fear, hope , etc. c 1.400 Test. Love 1.(1532) 327/1 Al my passyons and felynges weren loste. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 11. 392 The which with great feeling, and contentment having understood, .he instituted a Synod. 1632 J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 28 He felt in his heart .. a .. conceit or feeling of feare. 1639 tr. Du Bosq's Compi. Woman 11. 13 Separation is so often made without any feeling. 1678 Butler Hud. m. ii. i68^‘ Fear that keeps all Feeling out As lesser pains are by the Gout. 1814 Scott Wav. lxi, Feelings more easily con¬ ceived than described. 1839 T. Beale Sperm Whale 281 From that moment a feeling of hopelessness ran through us. 1856 Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. v. 463 All classes .. were agreed in one common feeling of displeasure. 1877 E. R. Conder Bus. Faith i. 13 Religious feelings differ from other feelings by their nature and by their object. b. pi. in collective sense. Emotions, suscepti- bilities, sympathies. 177X Mrs. Griffith tr. Viand's Shipwreck 4 They need none of these heightenings to interest the feelings of my friend. 1791 Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest x, She tried to command her feelings so as to avoid disturbing the family. 1804 Nelson Lett. (1814)11. 57 Do not hurt my feelings by telling me that I neglect any opportunity. 1828 J. W. Croker C. Papers (1884) I. xiii. 404 All my time being em¬ ployed in assuaging what gentlemen call their feelings. 1850 Mrs. Stowf. Uncle Tom's C. vii, Both saw the absolute necessity of putting a constraint on their feelings. 5 . Capacity or readiness to feel; susceptibility to the higher and more refined emotions ; esp. sensi¬ bility or tenderness for the sufferings of others. Goodfeeling : kindly and equitable spirit. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. iv. ii. 80 We thankfull should he Which we of taste and feeling are, for those parts that doe fructifie in vs more then he. 1600 E. Blount tr. Conestaggio 44 Who if he had any feeling of a man, should [etc.]. 1622 Bacon Hen. VII 33 Their king .. out of a Princely feeling, was sparing, and compassionate towards his Sub¬ jects. 1731 Swift Let. to Gay 10 Sept., She has .. not one grain of Feeling. 1752 Hume Ess. <$• Treat. (1777) I. 4 The delicacy of his feeling makes him sensibly touched. 1796 Jane Austen SenseSens. xv. (18521 63 Is he not a man of honour and feeling ? 1802 Mar. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. xvii. 142 He thinks I have no feeling. 1848 FEELING, 136 FEEROR Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 89 The Church of England was saved from this outrage by the good sense and good feeling of the pope. 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lamps ii. § 19. 49 A woman of feeling would not wear false jewels. 6. Pleasurable or painful consciousness, emotional appreciation or sense {of one’s own condition or some external fact). C1400 Rom. Rose 6449 Who so hath in his felyng The consequence of such shryvyng. 1605 Shaks. Lear iv. vi. 287, I. .haue ingenious feeling Of my hu^e Sorrowes. 1638 Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. I. 69 The feeling I have of the courtesies received from him. 1683 D. A. Art Converse 56 You would easily be wrought into some feeling of your folly in this point. 1705 Stanhope Paraphr. II. 296 They have already sufficient feeling of their disease. 1814 D’Israeli Quarrels Anth. (1867) 379 He was., too con¬ scious of his superiority to betray a feeling of injury. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth ii, To encourage with a feeling of safety those whom [etc.]. 1874 Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 30 The feeling of perfect equality inside the church. 7 . What one feels in regard to something; emo¬ tional attitude or opinion, sentiment. + In early use (cf. Feel v. 15a): Opinion. c 1449 Pecock Repr. 87 The disturblaunce and dyuerse feelingis had among 30U silf now in Ynglond. c 1450 tr. De Imitatione 1. ix, Wherfore truste not to muche in thin ovne felyng, but desire gladly to here ojfir mennys felinges. 1760 Goldsm. Cit. IV. xxxviii, If we survey a king not only opposing his own feelings, but reluctantly refusing those he regards. 1771 Mrs. Griffith tr. Viand's Shippereck 236, I communicated my thoughts and feelings to Mr. Wright. 1828 D’Israeli C/tas. I, I. v. 120 The feelings of the Romanists were sadly put to the test by a circumstance which now occurred. Ibid. II. xi. 287 The feelings of two ages attest the greatness of Hampden’s name. 1863 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. III. 186 You know my feelings about religious excitement-ecstatics. 1874 Green Short Hist. viii. § 10. 577 Cromwell bowed to the feeling of the nation. 1875 Jovvett Plato (ed. 2) V. 7 They have the feelings of old men about youth. b. transf. Of a language : Instinctive preferences of expression. *875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. p. xv, The feeling of the modern language is more opposed to tautology. c. In commercial use, Feeling {of the market') : the degree of readiness to buy prevailing amongst traders. 1888 Daily Nevjs 11 July 2/7 An improved feeling is also perceptible in ropes. 8. In objective sense: The quality or condition which is felt to belong to anything; the impression produced by it upon a person. *593 Shaks. Rich. II, 1. iii. 301 The apprehension of the good, Giues but the greater feeling to the worse. 1884 W. C. Smith Kildrostan 45 He nigh lost his wits ere morning . .So weird-like was the feeling of the place. 9 . Psychol, a. By some writers ( e.g. Brown, J. Mill, J.S. Mill) used for ‘a fact or state of conscious¬ ness \ b. By others as a generic term comprising sensation, desire, and emotion, but excluding per¬ ception and thought, c. After Kant’s use oigefuhl ’, restricted to the element of pleasure or pain in any mental state, d. An intuitive cognition or belief neither requiring nor admitting of proof. 1739 Hume Treatise 1. iv. § 4 I. 513 Tho’ bodies are felt by means of their solidity, yet the feeling is a quite different thing from the solidity, c 1810 Brown Led. Philos, xi. (1838) 71 Consciousness .. is only a general term for all our feelings, of whatever species these may be,—sensations, thoughts, desires ;—in short, all those states or affections of mind in which the phenomena of mind consist. Ibid. xxvi. (1838) 166/2 The feelings of extension, resistance, joy, sorrow, fra¬ grance, colour, hope, fear, heat, cold, admiration, resentment. 1836-7 Hamilton Led. MetaphA 1859) Lxi. i86Thisdivision of the phaenomena of mind into the three great classes of the Cognitive faculties,—the Feelings, or capacities of Pleasure and Pain,—and the Exertive or Conative Powers .. was first promulgated by Kant. Ibid. 11 . xli. 492 The first grand distribution of our feelings will, therefore, be into the Sensa¬ tions,—that is the Sensitive or External Feelings; and into the Sentiments,—that is, the Mental or Internal Feelings. 1841-2 — in Reid's Wks. 760 Feeling is a term preferable to Consciousness.. in so far as the latter does not mark so well the simplicity, ultimacy, and incomprehensibility of our original apprehensions. 1846 Mill Logic 1. iii. § 3. 66 Feel¬ ing, in the proper sense of the term, is a genus, of which Sensation, Emotion, and Thought, are subordinate species. 1855 Bain Senses hit. 1. i. § 3 The presence of Feeling is the foremost.. mark of mind. 1871 Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (1879) II. xv. 375 Feeling appeared in the world before knowledge. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 14 Feeling is not opposed to knowledge, and in all consciousness there is an element of both.. 1892 Sully The Human Mind iv. I. 64 The term feeling, .in a stricter sense is confined to those modes of consciousness which are in a peculiar sense affec¬ tions of the subject, and which do not, in the same direct way as our thoughts and volitions, involve a clear reference to objects. Ibid. xiii. II. 1 We include under the head of fueling all psychical states or phenomena so far as they have the element or aspect of the agreeable and disagreeable. Ibid. 8 The proposition that feeling as such has no quality (apart from the feeling-quality itself, agreeableness, disagreeable¬ ness) is held by most psychologists. 10 . In Fine Art; cf. senses 4-6. a. Painting. (see qnot. 1854). b. Archit. The general tone of a building or style of architecture ; the impression produced on a spectator. •854 Fairholt Did. Terms Arty Feeling ; that visible quality in a work of Art which forcibly depicts the mental emotion of the painter, or which exhibits his perfect mastery over the materials of Art. 1859 Jf.phson Brittany v. 52 A favourable example of Renaissance, retaining as it does much Gothic feeling. 1874 Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 10 If the whole feeling of a building leads up to one point. c. Of a musical performer : Sympathetic ap¬ preciation of the emotional purport of a composi¬ tion, manifested in the manner of rendering. 1824 Byron Juan xvi. xli, The circle .. applauds .. the tones, the feeling, and the execution. Feeling (irliq), ppL a. [f. as prec. + -ing 2 .] That feels. 1 . a. That is the subject of sensation; sentient, b. Capable of sensation ; sensitive. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cimrg. (MS. A) 174 In l?e heed J> er °f is fleisch [>at is felynge. c 1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 19 Wif> beestis, feelinge lijfhaue we. 1548-77 Vic ary Anat. iv. (1888) 31 Seuen payre ofsensatiue or feeling senews. 1602 Carew Cornwall 6 a, Then passe on to those things, of growing, and feeling life, which upon her face doerelieue themselues. 1867 M. Arnold Youth Calm Poems 1877 I. 24 For feeling nerves and living breath. transf. 1680 Otway Orphan ill. vii, The feeling Ayr’s at rest. 2 . Affected by emotion ; accessible to emotion ; sympathetic, compassionate. 1618 E. Elton Rom. vii. (1622) 494 Let them with feeling hearts magnifie the Name of the Lord. 1639 Bury Wills (1850) 179, I haue bene, am, and ever shalbee, a feeleing member. 1772 Ann. Reg. 194/2 The whole demeanor, .did honour to them as feeling men, and peaceable citizens. 1854 J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) I. xiv. 243 Bonaparte, apart from politics, was feeling, kind, and accessible to pity. b. Of language, manner, etc. : Indicating emo¬ tion or sensibility. a 1586 Sidney Arcadia Wks. (Grosart) II. 61 Thy wailing words do much my spirit inoue, They uttered are in such a feeling fashion. 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. ii. 15 His feeling wordes her feeble sence much pleased. 1737 Hist. Clorana 77 This discourse was too feeling for Bellmont to bear much longer. 1799 Sheridan Pizarro iv. i, A feeling boldness in those eyes assures me that [etc.]. 1880 Mrs. Riddell Myst. Palace Gard. xiv. (1881) 135 He could not have used more feeling language. 3 . In quasi-passive sense; That is deeply or sensibly felt or realized, heart-felt, acute, vivid. 1530 Tindale Answ. More Wks. (1573) 250/1 God hath.. geuen them a feeling faith of the mercy that is in Christ Jesu. 1556 J. Heywood Spider <$• F. liii. 31 It was to him, a feeling greefe of grudge. 1605 Shaks. Lear iv. vi. 226. 1632 J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 150 Knowing now by a feeling experience, her fathers reasons to be true. 1706 Cibbf.r Perolla 1, It is a feeling Pleasure With such Excesses to afflict thy Soul. 1721 Southerne Oroon. v. iv, I had a feeling [ed. 1696 living] sense Of all your royal favours. Feelingless (fTliqles), a. [f. Feeling vbl. sb. + -less.] Without feeling ; devoid of feeling. 1821 Blackw. Mag. VIII. 622 Of savage Windram, feelingless and fierce, i860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. 303 For some time his [Turner’s] work is, apparently, feeling¬ less. 1876 H. Spencer Princ. Sociol. (1877) i. 479 Feelingless units and units which monopolize feeling. Hence Feelinglessly adv. 1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. III. iv. xii. § 15 Such expres¬ sions are not ignorantly and feelinglessly caught up. Feelingly (frliijli), adv . [f. Feeling ppl. a. + -ly 2 .] + 1 . Consciously. Obs. ci 440 Hylton Scala Per/. (W. de W. 1494) 11. iii, All chosen Soules, .hathe trouthe in cryste. .openly and felyngly as .. wyse men haue, or elles generally as chyldren haue. f 2 . With just perception, understandingly, sen¬ sibly ; appropriately, to the purpose. Obs. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus. xiii. 27 He spac felendely [L. sensatc ] ‘ or wisely ’ week c 1386 Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1345 Who most felyngly speketh of love. 1555 Watreman Fardle Facions App. 306 Sensibly to giue the meaninge of those infinite threasoures with suche wordes as falle moste felinglie for them. 1601 Shaks. Twel. N. 11. iii. 172 He shall finde himselfe most feelingly personated. X630 R. Johnson's Kingd. <5- Commw. 628 The ancient exprobration of the Britons against the Romans .. cannot more feelingly be applied than unto these Indian Spaniards. X646 S. Page in Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. Ii. 8 The pain of the affliction exprest so feelingly in the breaking of bones. 3 . With emotion ; in a manner manifesting emo¬ tion. *593 Shaks. Liter. 1492 Here feelingly she weeps Troys painted woes, ai 679 Hobbes Rhet. iii. vii, (1681) 108 By speaking Feelingly; that is, with such Passion as is fit for the matter he is in. 1713 Steele Guardian I. No. 44 ir 5 The whole assembly seemed to condole with me very feelingly. 1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia I. iii. vii. 381 The bard speaks feelingly of the wretchedness of his age. X839 Yeowell Anc.Brit. Ch. Pref. (1847) 5 Be feelingly deplores the miserable state of his country. 4 . By or from actual personal feeling, knowledge, or experience. a 1534 More De Quat. Noviss. Wks. 76/2 Which if we.. so feelyngly perceyued as we myght [etc.], a 1618 Raleigh Adz'ice of Son in Rem. (1661) 118 In your Soul shall you feelingly find these terrible fears. 1834 Southey Doctor x i. (1862) 30 No man knows the value of time more feelingly than I do. 1885 J. Bonar Malthus 1. i. 23 He wrote feel¬ ingly, as he had the malady [toothache] at the time of writing. t 5 . Sensitively. Obs. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 319 A people feelingly alive to every thing that could affect the rights for which they had been contending. x8o6 Metcalfe in Owen Wellesley's Desp. 808, I would wish to see our government feelingly alive to points of honor. 1806 W. Taylor in Robberds Mem. II. 125 You seemed to me .. to shiver in the breeze too feelingly. 6 . In such a manner as to be felt or to leave an impression behind. 1413 Lydg. rylgr. Sowle iv. xxvi. (1483) 72 Also I may seye more felyngly to thyne experyence as seynt austyn techeth. 1534 More On the /’iwf/w Wks. 1313/1 Thoughe it bee .. ethe inoughe for any manne to saye the worde .. yet is it harde for many a man to let it fal felyngly, and sincke downe depe into his hert. 1600 Shaks. A. Y. L. 11. i. 11 These are counsellors That feelingly perswade me what I am. a X657 R* Loveday Lett. (1663) 69 J. W.’s sick- nesse .. does affect me as feelingly as can be requir’d from an unbiass’d friendship. 1853 Kane Grinncll Exp. xxviii. (1856) 231 But a breeze, .never failed to persuade us, and that feelingly, that the mercury was honest. Feelless (fH|les), a. Sc. rare. [f. Feel sb. + -less.] Without feel or feeling, insensible. 1820 Marmaiden of Clyde xxi, in Edin. Mag. May 423, I. .feelless lay, while the laidlie droich Perform’d his lord’s commands. t FeeTsome, ct. Obs. rare. [f. Feel + -some.] Attractive to the feeling or sense ; in quot. Tasty. c 1440 York Myst. xlvi. 136 Haile ! floure fresshe florisshed [>i frewte is full felesome. +Fee*man. Obs. Also feman. [f. Fee sb. 2 + -Man]. A vassal. 1517 Will of Grigge (Somerset Ho.), One of the Feemen w l our soveraigne Lord 0 the Kyng. Hence Fee’manly, as befits a vassal. Feeman- sliip, the state ©r condition of a vassal. 1509 in Walbran Mem. Fountains Abbey (Surtees Soc.) 233 And also he shall kepe upon the saide graunge, trewly and femanlye, lx kye..His office or service of husbandry and femanshipe. Feem(e, var. of Feme, Obs ., woman. Feen, Feend(e, obs. ff. Fen, Fiend. Feeoffee: see Feoffee. Feer (f?r) sb . 1 Only ME. and Sc. Forms: 3 feor, 8- Sc. fiar, fier, feer. [ME. feor a. OF. feor, fcur, flier fixed price, standard : L .forum (in class. L. market). 11 . A price. Obs. a 1225 A ncr. K. 398 Sete feor o Sine luue. a 1240 VVohunge in Cott. Horn. 287 Jif fiat i mi luue bede for to selle and setle feor fier upon swa hehe swa ich eauer wile, c 1320 Cast. Lmc 1091 Jif foil wilt him bugge to his feore. 2 . Sc. See quot. and Fiars. 18.. Jamieson, Fier , Feer , a standard of any kind. Yarn is said to be spun by, i. e. beyond, thejier, when it is drawn smaller than the proper thickness. tPe •er, sb? Obs. rare. See also Fiar. [f. Fee v. + -ER 1 .] One who fees or gives a fee to another. 1583 Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. (1882) 34 They are..in fee with the Drapers, that if a man come to them to desire them to helpe them to buy a piece of cloth .. they will straightway conduct them to their feer. Feer (frsi), sbf Mining, [f. Fee v. 2 + -er 1 .] One who fees or loads up the coal. 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining , Feer. + Feer, fere, A. Obs. rare. [a. OF. fer, fier (mod.Fr. fieri) = Pr. fer, It. and Sp. fiero L. fer-us ; see Fierce.] Bold, fierce ; proud. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Eufemia 141 pe Juge fel & fere. — Tecla 217 Syne come a lyone fel & fere, c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 329 A kny3t ful feer. Ibid. 414 Roland ys.. so coraious & so fere, c 1450 Guy Warw. (C.) 1428 He was a bolde man and a fere. Peer (fir, fiai), v. Forms : 5 fere, 8-9 feer, 9 Sc. feir. [Perh. (as suggested by Jamieson') repr. OE .fyrian to make a furrow ( \—*furhjan ), f. furh Furrow sb .; for the phonology cf. heir, beerc as variants of Birr.] i To mark off the breadth of every ridge (of land) for ploughing, by drawing a furrow on each side of the space allotted for it* (Jam.), c 1400 York Manual (Surtees) 224* Yee shale praye for all lande tilland and lee ferand. 1862 J. Wilson Farming vi. 206 This operation—called in Scotland feiring the land—is usually entrusted to the most skilful ploughman on each farm. 1881 Leicestersh. Gloss, s.v., To feer land, is to set it out as it is intended to be ploughed. Feei\e, obs. form of Fear. Feer(e, var. of Fere sb., Obs. companion. Fee’ring, vbl. sb. [f. Feer v. + -ing 1 .] The action of the vb. Feer ; also altrib. 1799 J. Robertson Agric. Perth 248 The feering of a gathered ridge. 1862 T. Wilson Fawning vi. 206 This feiring is only required when a process of fallowing .. has obliterated the former ridges. Ibid., The ploughman .. erects his three or more feiring poles perfectly in line, at a distance from the fence equal to half the width of the ridges or spaces in which it is proposed to plough the field. b. concr. One of the rectangular spaces of land between the furrows ; a land. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Prod. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 257 Spaces for ploughing, called feerings, of generally thirty yards in width are marked off. 1851 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XII. 1.125 I n Scotland the land is ploughed.. in broad feirings of various dimensions. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk ., Feer¬ ings, spaces of ploughed land from eight to more yards in width. tFeerness. Obs. rare. f. [Feer a. + -ness.] Boldness, pride. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 20 For now it is tyme to clothe you.. with the cotes of armes of youre auncien feernesse. + Fee’ror. Obs. In 8 fearer, -or. [aphet. f. of Affeeror.] = Affeeror. 1711 W. Storr in Vorksh. Archsol. 7 ml. VII. 55 Fines are assessed by the steward .. assisted by two.. ‘ fearers ’ or ‘ fearors ’. FEERY-FARY. FEIGN. Feers, obs. form of Fierce a. Feerth(e, obs. form of Fourth. +Fee*ry-fary. Obs. Sc. Forms : 6 fery fary, fe(i)rie farye, fiery fairy, 7 feery fary, 8 fearie- fairy. [reduplicated form of Fary.] ‘ Bustle, confusion * (Jam.). *535 Stewart Cron. Scot . III. 109 The ferie farye . .Wes maid that tyme at mariage of our king. 1597 Montgomerie Cherrie $ Sloe 252 Quha reft me, and left me In sik a feirie- farye. 1641 R. Baillir Jml. Lett. (1775) I. xxviii. 285 Chamber and table discourse, for argument, Rum-flams, and fearie-fairies, could not be treasons, a 1724 Battle of Hart aw ii. in Evergreen (1761) I. 78 All Folks war in a fiery fairy. Fee:-si*mple. Laiu. [a. A V. fee-simple ( Little¬ ton); see Fee sb.* and Simple; in Anglo-Lat. feodum simplex or purum, in AF. fee pur. The combination is not found in continental use; it seems to have been intended to denote a ‘ fee * in the unqualified sense of the word, as opposed to a Fee-tail.] An estate in land, etc. belonging to the owner and his heirs for ever, without limitation to any particular class of heirs. In fee-sitnple : in ab¬ solute possession. 1463 Bury Wills (1850) 31 The seid lond to remayne to me infysympill. 1523 Fitzherb. Surv. 12 b, Tenauntes in fee symple. 1577 Northbrookf. Dicing (1843) 1 r 5 It causeth manie of them .. to bring their fee simple into fee single. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI , iv. x. 27 Heere’s the Lord of the soile come to seize me for a stray, for entering his Fee- simple without leaue. 1667 Pepys Diary (1879) IV. 260 Unless we could buy the fee-simple of it. 1767 Blackstone Comm. II. 104 Tenant in fee-simple .. is he that hath lands, tenements, or hereditaments, to hold to him and his heirs for ever. 1849 Bright Sp. Burden on Land 15 Mar., A rise in the value of the fee-simple of an acre. transf. and fig. 1601 Shaks. All’s Well iv. iii. 311 He will sell the fee-simple of his saluation. 1621 Burton A nat. Mel. in. iv. 1. iii. (1651) 661 They are the true heirs, have the Feesimple of heaven by a peculiar donation. 1781 Cowper Conversation 590 Is sparkling wit. .The fixed fee- simple of the vain and light? 1880 Mrs. Lynn Linton Rebel of Family I. iv, Here were four women, of any one of whom he had the fee simple. b. attrib. (lit. and fig.) as fee-simple-bloody -estate , - ground , -land, -purchase, -wits. 1463 Bury Wills (1850) 31 Fysympil grownd. 1607 Hey- wood Fayre Mayde Wks. 1874 II. 47 Their own feesimple wits. 1639 Drumm. of Hawth. Challenge Huts. Err. Wks. (1711) 233 We of hereditary and fee-simple blood. 1710 Lond. Gaz. No. 4723/3 A Fee Simple Estate, .inclosed with Quick Fences. 1807 Vancouver Agric. Devon (1813) 308 Fee-simple purchase of 140 acres. Feet, pi. of Foot. Fee-tail. Law. [a. AF .fee taile (the final e being dropped as in some other legal words) = Anglo-L. feudum talliatum ; the second word is the pa. pple. of OF. taillier (mod.F. taillcr ) lit.‘ to cut *, whence, to fix precisely, limit.] An estate of inheritance entailed or limited to some particular class of heirs of the person to whom it is granted ; a limited fee. Fee-tail expectant : see Expectant a. 3. [1294 Year-Ik. 21-2 Edw. I (Rolls) 365 Feodum talliatum. Ibid. 641 La ou home feflfe un autre en fee pur e nent de fee tayle.] 1495 Act 1 1 Hen. VII c. 9 § 2 Londes.. not being his owne enheritaunce. .in fe taille. 1602 2nd Ft. Return fr. Pernass. iv. ii. (Arb.) 52 Nay thats plaine in Littleton, for if that fee-simple, and the fee taile be put together, it is called hotch-potch, a 1618 Raleigh in Gutch Coll. Cur. I. 78 In his demesn, as of fee-tail. 1628 Coke On Litt. 27 b, Tenant in Fee Tayle. 1741 T. Robinson Gavelkind v. 78 In Fee or Fee-Tail expectant on an Estate for Life or in Tail. 1817 W. Selwyn Law NisiPrius (ed. 4) II. 1115 Whether he had an estate in fee, fee-tail, or for life. 1831-2 Act 2-3 Will. IV, C. 80 § 3 in Oxf. «$- Camb. Enactm. 161 Tenants in fee tail. Feetless (frtles), a. [f. feet, pi. of Foot + -less.] Without feet. Cf. Footless. 1605 Camden Rem. (1870) 231 Three feetless Birds. 1639 Fuller Holy War iv. xvi. 196 Mangled, headlesse, hand- lesse, feetlesse corpses. 1656 J. Sergeant tr. T. White's Peri pat. Inst. 97 Something like this is the creeping of feetlesse Creatures. Feetly, obs. form of Featly. Feeze (f/z), sb. Forms : 4 veze, 6 feas(e, 6-7 feese, 7 feaze, 7- feeze, 9 U.S. pheese, -ze. [f. Feeze v}] 1 . A rush, impetus ; hence, a violent impact. Also, a rub. Now dial, and US. 1386 Chaucer Knt.’s T. 1127 And there out came a rage and such a veze, That it made al the gate for to rese. 1592 Wyrley Armorie 50They light vpon him. .and beare him downe with mightie feas. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turkes (1621) 878 Both their [galleys] beakes were with the feaze broken off. 1847 Mather in W/iistlebinkie (1890) II. 165 Wi' a lick o' sweet oil an’ a feeze o’ her hand. 1865 Lowell Lett. (1894' I. 349 Even the locust’s cry is no longer a mere impertinent feeze of sound. •(- b. To fetch or take (one's) feeze : to take a short run before leaping. To take one's full feeze : to start at full speed. Obs. 1571 Campion Hist. Irel. 11. ix. (1633) 120 Advising you though you have fetched your feaze, yet to look well ere you leape over. 1580 Baret Alv. R 41 To leape, taking his race, or fetching his feese, ex procursu salire. 1600 Holland Livy 1. lxv. (1609) 87 b, They [the Roman soldiers] tooke their full feese, and ran up the hill. 1675 T. Tuli.y Let. Baxter 19 If a man do but goe back a little to take his feeze, he may easily jump over it. Vol. IV. 137 2 . U.S. chiefly colloq. A state of alarm or per¬ turbation. 1846 Worcester, Pheese , a fit of fretfulness. 1855 Lowell Let. in Atlantic Monthly Dec. (1892) 749/2 So I am in a feeze half the time, a 1865 Haliburton (Cent. Diet.', When a man’s in a feese, there’s no more sleep that hitch. Feeze (fiz), v\ Obs. exc. dial. Forms: i fdsian, 3-6 fese(n, -yn, 3 south, vesen, 5, 7 feese, -ze, (6 pheeze, 7 feize, pheese), 7 south. veeze, veize, veze, 6, 9 fease, south, vease, 6-9 feaze. [OE .fisian (? also fesan), fysian to drive, corresponds to ON. *feysa (mod.Norwegian fbysa, Sw. fosa), app. \—*fausjSjan, fausjan. It is pos¬ sible that this word and ON. fiiika , fey ha, of similar meaning, are from a Teut. root feu, fail , differentiated by s and k (pre-Teut. g) suffixes. Totally unconnected with OE ,/ysan 0 — funsjan) to hurry, which survived into early ME. as fusen(i i): see Fuse z/. 1 ] f 1 . trans. To drive; to drive off or away; to make (one) run, put to flight; to frighten away. Often with away. Also to feeze about. Obs. <7890 Laws Edward $Guthrum xi, Donne fysie hi man of earde. 1014 Wulfstan Horn. (1883) xxxiii. 162 Daet oft on fcefeohte an fesefi tyne. a 1300 Sign a ante Judicium 172 in E. E. P. (1862) 12 Al fie fentis sal.. be ifesid in to helle. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 339 Powder of erfie of fiat lond i-sowe in ofier londes vsefi \v. r. vesefi] awey worines. ^1400 Beryn Prol. 351 Shal I com fien, Cristian, & fese a-wey fie Cat? 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke viii. 29 He should bee drieuen and feased of the deiuill into deserte places. 1577-^7 Holinshed Chron. II. 10/2 They feazed awaie the Irish. 1583 Stanyiiurst AEneis 1. (Arb.) 31 Lyke bees .. Feaze away the droane bees with sting, from maunger, or hiuecot. 1689 C. Mather Mem. Provi¬ dences 62 A Devil would .. make her laugh to see how he feaz’d 'em about. b. To impel. 1610 Mirr. Mag., Sir N. Burdct xvi. 480 Those eager impes whom food-want feaz’d to fight amaine. 2 . To frighten, put into a state of alarm. c 1440 Capgrave Life St. Hath. v. 611 Bete hir weel, right for hir blaspheme, To fese hem alle that troste in hir doctryne. 1460 Christ's Compi. 471 in Pol. Rel. <5* L. Poems (1866) 198 Ful foule schulde fii foos be fesid If fiou my3te ouer hem as y ouer fiee may. 1887 Kent Gloss., Fease , to fret, worry. 3 . The threat ‘ I’ll feeze you * seems to have given rise to the following senses: a. vaguely, To ‘do for’,‘settle the business of’ (a person), b. To beat, flog. a. 1596 Shaks. Tam.Shr. Induct, i.i lie pheeze you infaith. 1613 Beaum. & Fl. Coxcomb 1. vi, I'll feese you. 1620 Fletcher Chances 11. i, H’as giv’n me my quietus est : I felt him In my small guts : I’me sure h’as feez’d me. b. 1610 B. Jonson /l/f. 7 /. v. v,Come, will you quarrel? I will feize you, sirrah. 1631 Massinger Emperor East iv. ii, Countryjnan. Zookers ! Had I one of you zingle, with this twig I would so veeze you 1 1674 J.W[right] Mock- Thyestes joi Your Toby I’le so feaze with this Rod. .That [etc.]. Feeze (fi~z), v . 2 dial. 1 . trans. To twist or turn with a screw-like motion ; to screw. Also with off, on, up. 1806 A. Douglas Poems 43 ,1 downa feeze my fiddle-string. 1813 W. Leslie Vie7u Nairn Gloss., Feeze , to turn a screw nail. b. fig. To insinuate. 1813 W. Leslie View Nairn Gloss., Feeze , to insinuate into unmerited confidence or favour. 1824 Jamieson s.w, One feezes himself into the good graces of another. 2 . intr. for refl. To wind in and out; to hang off and on. 17.. in Ritson Scot. Songs (1794) I. 287 My ewie never play’d the like But fees’d [ printed tees’d] about the barn¬ yard wa\ Feff, Feffment: see Feoff. Fegary (fige>'ri). dial, and colloq. Also 7 fagarie, -ary, 7-8 figary, (7 figuary), 8 fleegerie, 9 fee-, fleegary. [A corruption of Vagary.] 1 . A vagary, prank, freak ; a whim, eccentricity. 1600 Dekker Fortunatus Wks. 1873 I. 116 Your body is little mended by your fetching fegaries. 1625 Shirley Love-tricks iii. v, I have a great desire to be taught some of your figaries. 1659 Lady Alimony 11. i. in Hazl. Dodsley XIV. 289, I know all their fagaries to a hair. 1663 Flagel¬ lum , or O. Cromwell (1672) 60 Caprichio’s of Biennial Par¬ liaments and the like Figaries. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) V. 183 The world must stand still for their figaries. 2 . Gewgaws, trifles; fineries in dress. 1724 Ramsay Love inviting Reason iii, Dinna prefer your fleegeries to me. 1808 Mayne Siller Gun 56 iii. 2 Grave dames in a’ their nice feegaries. 1823 Tennant Card. Beatoti 1. iii, As braw a hizzie, wi’ her fardingales and her fleegaries, as ony. Hence Fega’ry (also flagary ), v. intr., to busy oneself about trifles in dress. 1821 H. Duncan Young S. Country Weaver (ed. 2) 45 Did I come hame. .to stan’ and look at your flagarying there? Feg(e, fegg, Sc. and north, forms of Fig. FegS (fegz). Obs. exc. Sc. and dial. Forms; 6-7 feckins, 6-8fackins, 7-8 faikine,8 feggings, 9 faikins, 7 fac, feck, 7-9 facks, 8-9 fags, 9 faags, faiks, feck(s, faix, 8- fegs. [The forms here collected are distortions of Fay sb}, Faith, peril, with suffix -kin(s, frequent in such trivial quasi-oaths ; cf. bodykins, by'rlakin .] 1 . As an (unmeaning) sb. in exclamatoTy phrases expressing asseveration or astonishment. See also 1’fegs. 1598 B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hunt. 1. iii, By my fackins. 1600 Heywood 1 Edw. I, in. i, No, by my feckins ! 1610 I». Jonson Alch. 1. ii, How! Sweare by your fac? a 1627 Middleton Quiet Life 11. ii, By my facks, sir. 16.. Robin Hood Q. Hath. 90 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 42 By faikine of my body, a 1654 Webster & Rowley Cure Jor Cuckold iv. iii, By my feck. 1726 Vanbrugh Journ. Lond. iii. i, No, by good feggings. 1768 Beattie To Mr. A. Ross v, O’ my fegs. 1880 Jamieson s.v., My faiks ! 1884 Chester Gloss., Good Fecks ! 2 . As simple asseverative. 1638 Brome Antipodes v. iv. Wks. 1873 III. 322 Nay facks I am not jealous. 1790 A. Wilson To W. Mitchell Poet. Wks. (1846) 113 Fegs. 1804 Anderson Cumbrld. Ball. 104 Sae faikins we mun hev a sweat. 1863 Tyneside Songs 86 Faix they’ve got a warnin’. 1875 Sussex Gloss., Why ! you are smart, fegs ! 1891 Barrie Little Mblister II. 191 Na, faags ! it was waur than that. Fegue, obs. form of Feague. Feid, obs. Sc. form of Feud sb}, enmity. Feie(n, Feier, obs. forms of Fay v. ] , Fair. Feigh (f?X). int. Sc. An expression of disgust or abomination. Cf. Faugh, Fie. 1715 Ramsay Christ's Kirk Gr. n. vi, Ye stink o' leeks, O feigh ! Feigh, var. of Fay v. 2 t Feign, sb. Obs. rare—', [f. next vb.] The action of feigning; pretence, deceit. In phrase, without feign. c 1320 Cast. Love 1482 Another that come fro hevyn, with¬ out feyn. Feign (ffi'n), v. Forms: 3-7 feigne, feine, -yne, 0 feygne, (3 feinyhe, 5 feyn-yn), 3-5 fene, (4 feny), 4-7 fain(e, -yn(e, (6 feane), 6-7 faigne (6faynd),6-feign. Sc. 4 fenyhe, 5 fen^e, fenye, 6 fenjie, fein 5 ie, feynlje (printed feynze), 7 fane. Also 4 i-feyn. [ME . feinen,feignen, ad. OF. feindre (pr. pple. feign-ant ) Lat. fingere to form, mould, feign, whence Fiction, Figment. Cf. Vx . fenher,finher, Sp., Pg .fingir, \t. fugere.] I. 1 . trans. In material sense : To fashion, form, shape. Obs. exc. as nonce-use after Lat. <21300 E. E. Psalter xciii. [xciv.] 9 pat feinyhes egh, noght sees with-al? 1877 L. Morris Epic Hades 1. 71 A dull fretful child Crushes its toys and knows not with what skill Those feeble forms are feigned. II. To fashion fictitiously or deceptively. 2 . To invent (a story, excuse, accusation); to forge (a document). a 1300 Cursor M. 22007 (Cott.) Nathing sal I fene vow neu. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 421 Somme feynede a delay. 1393 Gower Cor/'. III. 175 Thou hast feigned This tale. 1430-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) 11 . 373 Somme fables be feynede for cause of delectation. 1534 Cranmer in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. iii. II. 317 All that ever she said was fayned of her owne ymagynacion. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. 1. iii. § 7 As I find • little, so I will feign nothing. 1736 Butler Anal. 1 .11. vii. 265 There is nothing in the Characters, which would raise a Thought of their being feigned. 1790 Paley Horae Paul. Rom. ii. 19 Shall we say that the author .. feigned this anecdote of St. Paul ? 1862 Ld. Brougham Brit. Const, x. 128 Fables, feigned by the superstition, .of the people. f b. To feign (a slander, fault) upon, against : to allege falsely against, attribute falsely to. Obs. 1535 Joye Apol. Tindale 1 Sclaunders fayned upon me. c 1615 Lives Women Saints 31 She fayned her owne falte on the chaste yong prince. 1654 tr. Martinius' Couq. China 205 Having feigned many crimes against the Priests. + C. To invent, ‘ coin ’ (a word). Obs. 1607 Topsell Four-/. Beasts (1673) 413 In Germany they call it ‘ Pile' and ‘ Ziset ’; and of this German word was the Latine 1 Citellus’ feigned. Ibid. 101 [see Feigned ppl. a. 2]. t d. To contrive (a deception). Obs. 1690 W. Walker Idiomat. A nglo-Lat. 170 They fain a wile, .among themselves. 3 . To relate or represent in fiction ; to fable. Const, with simple complement, with obj. and inf, or with sentence as obj. Now rare. 1413 Lydg. Pilgr. Sowle v. viii. (1483) 99 Orpheus was so swete an harpoure as the clerkes feynen that [etc.], a 1569 Kingesmyll Godly Advise (1580) 151'he Poets, .fained there were iii She Goddesses in contention for their beautie. 1585 Jas. I Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 75 Harpyes .. whome the Poets feynzeis to represent theuis. 1598 Barckley Felic. Man 11. (1603) 118 Diogenes is fained to see the rich King Croesus among the dead. 1642 Fuller Holy 4 Prof. St. 11. viii. 77 Well did the Poets feigne Pallas Patronesse of arts and armes. c 1645 Howell Lett. 11. 34 They faind a Post to come puffing upon the stage. 1667 Milton P. L. xi. 627 Things.. worse Than Fables yet have feign’d. 1727 De Foe Syst. Magic 1. ii. (1S40) 41 Atlas, .is feigned by the ancients to carry the world upon his shoulders. 1770 Langhorne Plutarch (1879) I. 65/2 The poets feign of Hercules, that only with a club and lion's skin he travelled over the world. 1816 J. Wilson City of Plague 111. i. 343 Drest is she all in white, as Poets feign The angel Innocence. •j* b. absol. and intr. To make fictitious state¬ ments ; to indulge in fiction. Obs. c. 1384 Chaucer H. Fame in. 38S Oon seyde that Omere made lyes, Feyninge in his poetryes. c 1400 Destr. Tjroy 419 Ouyd..feynit in his fablis. 1570 B. Googe Pop. Kingd. 1. 15 Nor vnaduisedly we speake, nor rashly thereof fayne. 1605 B. Jonson Volpone 11. i, He that should write But such a fellow, should be thought to faine Extremely. 1636 R. James Her Lane. (1845) 4 If storyes do not faine. 4 . (More fully, t to feign to oneself) To conjure up (delusive representations); to picture to one¬ self, imagine (what is unreal). Now rare. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. Prol. 36 Somme .. Feynen hem fantasies. 1525 Tindale Matt. ix. 15 marg.-note , They 18 FEIGN 138 FEIGNEDNESS. fain themself no pain. 1578 Tim me Caluine on Gen., Cain.. feigned to himself so many enemies, as there were men in the world. 1608 Bp. Hall Char. Virtues 4 * V., Either there are bugs, or he faineth them. 1635 R. N. Camden's Hist. Eliz. 1. 32 Some .. feigned unto themselves vain dreames. 1674 Owen Holy Spirit (1693) 200 Men have but deceived themselves .. when they have feigned a Glory and a Beauty of the Church in other things. 1886 Gurney Phantasms 0/ Living I. 499 A sane .. mind .. can feign voices where there is silence. + b. To imagine, believe erroneously and arbi¬ trarily. Const, with obj. and inf., or object clause. 1557 TottelVs Jfisc. (Arb.) 227 The soules. .Are not in such a place, As foolish folke do faine. 1596 Spenser F. Q. vi. xii. 19 Art thou yet alive, whom dead I long did faine? 1604 E. G. D'Acosta's Hist. Indies hi. vi. 137 We faine, that some Angell and intellectuall Spirite dooth walk with the Comet. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. 1. iv. § 11 The Straights, where they fained Hercules his pillars to be. 1728 Newton Chronol. Amended 29 The ancients, .feigned that this Island, .had been as big as all Europe. c. To assume fictitiously for purposes of calcu¬ lation. arch, or Obs. 1688 M. Prior Ode Ex. Hi. 14 vi, And he too .. Studies new Lines, and other Circles feigns. 1812 Woodhouse Astron. i. 3 The bounding line of the horizon is feigned to be a circle. Ibid. x. 77 It becomes necessary then, to feign an observer in the center of the earth. 5 . trans. To assert or maintain fictitiously; to allege, make out, pretend. Const. + with simple obj. or complement (rare), with obj. and inf. , or with sentence as obj. a 1300 E. E. Psalter xciii. [xciv.] 20 Whor sete of wicknes sal cleve to [>e, pate feinyhes swinke in bode to be ? c 1385 Chaucer L, G. IV. 932 Dido , Feyning the hors y-offred to Minerve. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 61 pe kyng . .wolde. .feyne trespas for to byneme hem [Englisshe] here money. 1541 Barnes Wks. (1573) 189/1 To faine God to bee displeased with your king. 1548 Hall Chron. 232 b, Fayning that he was thycke of hearyng. 1554 Latimer in Strype Eccl. Mem. III. App. xxxiv. 90 That which is fayned of many, I for my Parte, take it but for a Papistical Invention. 1583 Stanyhurst Aeneis 11. (Arb.) 61 The right valeant (whose soon thou art [printed thwart] feigned) Achilles. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop xviii, And feigning that his doing so was needful to the welfare of the cookery. 1863 Draper Intell. Devel. Europe r i. 4 [Man] has been feigned .. to possess another immaterial principle. f 6. To put a false appearance upon; to disguise, dissemble, conceal. Obs. 1393 Gower Con/. III. 208 She hath her . . body feigned. c 1400 Destr. Troy 34 Poeyetis .. With ffablis and falshed fayned f>ere speche. Ibid. 253 The fialshed he faynit vnder faire wordes. C1500 Lancelot 2397 The lady fayndit. .The lowe quhich long hath ben In to her thocht. 1590 Spenser F. Q. 11. iii. 20 Both doe strive their fearefulnesse to faine. + 7 . refl. a. To disguise one’s sentiments, practise dissimulation, dissemble. Also intr. for refl. Obs. cizgo S. Eng. Leg. I. 186, Vincent 49 pov feinest [>e. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2376 Napeles he fenede him, pat me vnder 3ete it no3t. 13.. Leg. Rood( 1871)85 All for noghtpou feynes pe. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus. xxiii. 13 If he shul feyne [«' dissimulaverit] he shal trespasen double, c 1450 Merlm 14 When she it sough, she fayned her. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. vii. 6 It was counsailed to the kyng .. hym selfe to fayne. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Mortimers xix, Bid them be¬ ware their enmies when they faine. + b. To assume a deceptive bearing. Obs. c 1470 Henry Wallace vi. 208 Quhen Wallace feld thar curage was so small, He fen^eit him for to comfort thaim all. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 96 Fayne thy self to appere outwardly more perfyte. .than thou art. 8. trans. To make a show of, put on an appear¬ ance of, put on, pretend, simulate, sham; f to pre¬ tend to utter (words). c 1340 Hampole Prose Tr. 10 Ypocrittes. .feyne gud dede with-ovvttene. 1375 Barbour Bruce 1. 344 To fenyhe foly quhile is wyt. 1387 Trevisa Higdeti (Rolls) VII. 85 Duke Edrik .. feynynge a vomet .. seide pat he was seek. 1393 Gower Con/ I. 181 She feigned wordes in his ere. C1400 Destr. Troy 3597 Fayne euer feire chere. 1598 R. T[ofte] Months Mindc G v, All was fained, ’twas not from the hart. 1602 Marston Antonio’s Rev. v. iii. Wks. 1856 I. 134 Each man straines To faine a jocund eye. 1741 Middleton Cicero I. v. 385 Escaped death, onely by feigning it. 1791 Boswell Johnson (1816) IV. 437 The serenity that is not felt, it can be no virtue to feign, a 1839 Praed Poems ( 1864) II. 162 The agony Which others feel or feign. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. II. vi. 72 They are both feigning sickness this morning, b. absol. To practise simulation. 1612 T. Taylor Comm. Titus i. 2 He seemeth to faine, by vttering things clean contrary to his mind. 1671 Milton P. R. 1. 474 It may stand him more in stead to .. feign. 1724 Ramsay Tea-t. Misc.( 1733)1. 99 Tho’ she be fair I will not fenzie. a 1774 Goldsm. Madrigal 3 Wks. (Globe) 691 Myra, too sincere for feigning. 1849 C. Bronte Shirley xiii, She cannot feign ; she scorns hypocrisy. 9 . With refl. pron. as obj. followed by simple complement, fas , or to be: To make oneself appear, put on an appearance of being, f For¬ merly in wider use, with the refl. obj. followed by inf, that, as that. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 336 He feynede hym somdel syk. 1340 Hampole Pr. Cotisc. 4233 He sal hym feyn first als haly. £1386 Chaucer Merch. T. 706 Sche feyned hir as that sche moste goon. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 59 A wel false traytour .. pat coupe wel feyne hym self trewe frende. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. ix. 128 Tho .. feynede hem blynde. < 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xv. 66 A mysdoer .. pat . .thurgh his enchauntementz feyned him ane aungell. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 97/1 She fayned her alleway to be seke. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 204 The Queene .. did feyne her selfe that shee would go on pilgrimage. 1611 Bible 2 Sam. xiv. 2 Faine thy selfe to be a mourner. 1726 De Foe Hist. Devil 1. xi. (1840) 164 Satan made David feign himself mad. 1859 Smiles Self-Help iii. 53 To. .reconcile myself to it..is more manly than to feign myself above it. b. intr. To pretend, make oneself appear. Const, to with inf. + Formerly with the same constructions as the refl. use above. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) iii. 10 He made signe of etyng and feyned as he had etyn. c 1450 . 9 /. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6344 He feynd als he pe toumbe walde kys. 1563-87 Foxe A. 4 * M. (1684) II. 79/1 He that hath no Faith, and yet faineth or pretendeth to haue. 1590 Spenser F. Q. 11. i. 9 Feigning .. in every limb to quake Through inward feare. 1632 J. Hayward tr. BiondPs Eromena 6 Fayning to goe recreate himselfe .. gave order publikly. 1778 Han. More Florio 11. 185 Yet feigned to praise the gothic treat. 1784 Un/ort. Sensibility II. 47, I have sometimes feigned sick, when I had no other succedaneum for avoiding their parties. 1843 Emerson Carlyle Wks. (Bohn) III. 512 Such an appeal to the conscience .. as cannot, be .. feigned to be forgotten. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 11. xvi, Tremlow feigns to compare the portrait. 10. To counterfeit, imitate deceptively (esp. a voice, handwriting). 1484 Caxton HLsop 11. ix, The wulf .. faynynge the gotes voyce sayd. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. vii. 1 Truth, whose shape she [deceipt] well can faine. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian iv, It was not difficult to disguise or to feign a voice. 1847 Emerson Poems (1857) 213 Feigning dwarfs, they crouch and creep. + b. To adulterate. Obs. rare. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvii. v. (1495) 606 The tree of aloes is feyned [ sophisticatum ] wyth a tree that is lyke therto in weyght & in knottes. 1614 T. Adams Devills Ban¬ quet 324 Sometimes they faine it [this Balme] with water. + c. To pass off (a thing) for something else. x 393 Gower Con/. I. 17 Lo, how they feignen chalk for chese. 111. To pretend to make (a pass) or to deal (a blow); also absol. to make a feint. Obs. c 1386 Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1757 He feyneth on his foot with a tronchoun. 1470-85 Malory Arthur x. xix, Some whyle they fayned, some whyle they strake as wyld men. 1632 J. Hayward tr. BiondPs Eromena 3 Making with his point towards the others face, and faining a passage. .The Prince . .fained at him divers foynes. f 12. Music, a. To sing softly, hum an air. b. To sing with due regard to the 1 accidentals ’, which the old notation did not indicate. [See Musica fida in Grove Diet. Mus .; cf. also F. par feinte 1 by the alteration of a semitone \] Obs. £1440 Promp. Parv. 153/1 Fevnyn yn syngynge, or synge lowe. i$26Pilgy\Per/.(\V.dz W. 1531) 158b, Not. .feynynge, but with a full brest & hole voyce. a 1529 Skelton Comely Coystrozvne 53 He techyth them .. to solf & to fayne. — Bozoge 0/Courte 233 His throte was clere, and lustelycoude fayne. 1530 Palsgr. 548/1 We maye nat synge out .. but lette us fayne this songe. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. 72 He feyneth to the lute marveilouse swetely. fill. 13. [After OF. feindre, se femdre.'] intr. and refl. To avoid one’s duty by false pretences; to shirk, flinch, hang back. Also with inf: To be reluctant or afraid to do something; to avoid, shirk (doing). Obs. <71300 K. Alls. 5884 Perdicas feyned noughth, For als a wode lyoun he faughth. c 1369 Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 317 Noon of hem. .feyned To singe. ?a 1400 Morte Arth. 1734 Feyne 30W noghte feyntly. .Bot luke 3e fyghte faythe- fully. c 1400 Rom. Rose 1797 Never this archer wolde feyne To shete at me. Ibid. 2996 If I may helpe you in ought, I shall not faine. 14.. Lydg. Temple 0/Glas 996 She me constreyned. .To 30ure seruise, & neuer forto feyne. c 1430 SyrGener. (Roxb.) 4721 Ye se me feyne neuer a dele. C1460 Tcnuneley Myst. (Surtees) 172 On both parties thus I play, and fenys me to ordan The right. 1523-5 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cccxiii. 194 b, There they made a great assaut. The Englysshmen fayned nat. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 566 Exhortand thame. .for na fray to fein3ie nor to fle. + b. trans. To shirk, avoid fulfilling (a com¬ mand) ; to * shuffle out of’ (one’s word). Obs. c 1300 Beket 42 Gilbert .. feignede his word her and ther : and ne grantede no^t. c 1386 Chaucer Clerk "s T. 473 Lordes hestes mow not ben i-feynit. Feigned (fe'nd), ppl. a. Also 5 feynit, Sc. 6 feinyeat, fen^eid, -it, fei-, feynjeit, feinted, feinyet. [f. prec. + -ED h] + 1. Fashioned, formed, shaped. Obs. c 1400 Apol. Loll. 85 His feynar hap hopid in his feynid pingis. 2. Fictitiously invented or devised. Also, re¬ lated in fiction, fabled. Obs. or arch. c 1374 Chaucer Compl. Mars. 173 This is no feyned mater that I telle. C1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. 3 Feinzed Fables. 1552 Bk. Com. Prayer Communion, Feyned excuses, a 1572 Knox Hist. Re/. Wks. 1846 I. 74 Quhilk reportis ar all .. fenzeit, and untrew. 1607 Topsell Four-/. Beasts (1673) 101 A peculiar voyce which the French call by a feigned word, * Reere'. 1623 Lisle /El/ric on O. 4 * N. Test. Pref. p 4 The faigned games of Homer and Virgil. 1670 Tenison (title), Creed of Mr. Hobbes Examined, in a feigned con¬ ference between Him and a Student of Divinity. 1728 Newton Chronol. Amended Introd. 6 The Priests .. had filled up the interval with feigned Kings. 1820 Hazlitt Led. Dram. Lit. 19 To be found in history, whether actual or feigned. + b. Contrived for deception. Obs. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 153/1 Feynyd sleythe of falshede. + 3. Fictitiously or arbitrarily supposed; imagin¬ ary. Feigned price : =‘ fancy price*. Obs. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 276 Aboue the necessite of nature they wyll haue theyr feyned necessaryes. 1607-12 Bacon Ess. Riches (Arb.) 232 What fayned prices are sett vpponn litle stones. 1726 tr. Gregory"s Astronomy I. 319 As many Degrees of the feigned Equator. 4. Of attributes, actions, diseases, etc. : Simu¬ lated, counterfeited, pretended, sham. _ 1413 Lydg. Pilgr. Sozvle iv. xxx. (1483) 80 Another thynge is a veray hede and another a feyned hede. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour L vb, They gyue out of theyr brestes grete and fayned syghes. a 1577 Gascoigne Wks. (1587) 106 All her guiles she hid With fained teares. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj., Stat. Robert I, 33 Inquisition salbe taken, gif that be done be fenzeid furie, or not. 1642 R. Carpenter Experi¬ ence hi. v. 108 We must be. .carefull that these Acts in their exercise, be true..not faigned and superficial!. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 1 p 6 Personating Feigned Sorrows. 1776 Gibbon Decl. 4* F. I. 414 Their mutual fears produced .. a feigned reconciliation. 1803 Med. Jrnl. IX. 72 Feigned and Concealed Diseases. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 163 Mortal enemies .. came every day to pay their feigned civilities. f b. Prefixed to personal designations: That is such only in pretence ; pretended. Obs. c 1386 Chaucer Mclib. p 289 Youre trewe freendes and youre feyned counseil lours. 1548 Hall Chron. 211 A fained, false and a coloured frende. 1550 Crowley In/orm. 4- Petit. 175 Wee are but fayned Christians, we beare the name onely. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. iv. 16 Fained Friends, becoming unfained Foes. + C. Of things: Counterfeit, spurious, sham. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 223 Mosques .. are in their Cupolaes curiously ceruleated with a feigned Tur¬ quoise. 1703 Maundrell Journ. Jems. (1732) 74 Took down the feigned Body from the Cross. d. Of a name, etc.: Assumed, fictitious. Of a voice, handwriting, etc.: Disguised. x 559 W. Cunningham Cosntogr. Glasse A vj b, I have re¬ duced it into the forme of a Dialoge: the names of the person¬ ages indede fained [etc.]. 1596 Spenser F. Q. iv. i. 7 To hide her fained sex. 1675 Marvell Corr. eexliii. Wks. 1872-5 II. 457, I cannot tell whether it be a true or a fained name, 1762 J. Brown Poetry 4 * Mus. vii. (1763) 141 The Poets .. represent real Characters under feigned names. 1777 Sheri¬ dan Sch. Scand. 1. i, I copied them .. in a feigned hand. 1837 Lytton E. Maltrav. 29 The feigned address he had previously assumed. + 5. Mus. a. (see Feign v. 12 b.) b. = Fal¬ setto 3. Obs. 1609 Douland Omith. Microl. 24 The fained Scale ex- ceedes the others both in height and depth. For it addeth a Ditone vnder Vt base, because it sings fain A, and it riseth aboue eela by two degrees, for in it it sounds /a. Ibid., Fained Musicke is. .a Song made beyond the regular Com- passe of the Scales. Or, it is a Song, which is full of Coniunctions [i.e. accidental flats]. 1674 Playford Skill Mus. 1. xi. 43 Increasing of the Voice in the Treble Part .. in Feigned Voices, doth oftentimes become harsh. 6. Law. (See quots.) 1483 Ad 1 Rich. Ill , c. 6 § i Feyned playntes. 1542-3 Act 34-5 Hen. VIII, c. 4 The aforesaide false and fayned recouere. 1592 West 1st Pt. Symbol. § 5 G, The feined consent is by Lawe for some fact, when the consent of both parties appeareth not, and yet inasmuch as the fact is done, they are by Law both feined and deemed to consent, a 1709 Atkyns Pari. 4* Pol. Tracts (1734) 317 The feigned Action .. the Lord Chief Justice seems to justify. 1768 Blackstone Comm. III. iii. xxvii. 452 As no jury can be summoned to attend this court [Equity], the fact is. .directed to be tried.. upon a feigned issue. For (in order to .. have the point in dispute .. put in issue) an action is feigned to be brought. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) V. 519 Any such feigned recovery. 7. Mil. = False a. 14. 1598 Barret Theor. Warres iii. i. 35 Fained skirmishes. 1783 Watson Philip III (1839) 69 A third detachment was sent to make a feigned attack in another quarter. 1876 Voyle Milit. Did. 135/1 A feigned assault, .for the purpose of diverting the enemy from the real point of attack. f 8. Of persons, their manner, faces, etc.: Made up to a certain appearance, got up for a purpose ; hence, deceitful, insincere. Obs. C1374 Chaucer A net. 4- Arc. 97 He was fals, hit was but feyned chere. c 1386 — Man 0/ Lazo’s T. 264 O feyned womman, alle that may confounde Vertu and innocence. .Is bred in the. 1393 Gower Con/. III. 158 They, .by fallas Of feigned wordis make him wene, That black is white. 1530 Lyndesay Test. Papyngo 195 Hauyng sic traist in to thy [Fortune’s] fenzeit face. 1535 Coverdale Ps. xvi[i]. 1 My prayer, that goeth not out of a fayned mouth [1611 Ibid. Fained lips]. 1536 Starkey Let. to Cromzuellin England (1878) p. xli, You schal neuer fynd me faynyd man. a 1605 Montgomerie Descr. Vane Lovers 46 Vhar thou finds tham faynd refrane. 1654 tr. Snidery’s Curia Pol. 124 Amurath.. in a fained manner.. seemed inclinable to offer me the Crown. Feignedly (fcbnedli), adv. [f. prec. + -ly 2.] In a feigned manner. 1. Pretendedly, not really; deceitfully. 1535 Coverdale Daft. xi. 34 Many shal cleue vnto them faynedly. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. x. lx. (1612) 264 Yeat better plainely to reproue than fainedly to kisse. 1700 Tyrrell Hist. Eng. II. 723 Others, tho’ feignedly, adher’d to him. 1882-3 Schaff Encycl. Relig. Knozul. III. 1938 The conversion was not with the whole heart, but feignedly. 2. Law. By a fiction; fictitiously. 1592 West 1st Pt. Symbol. § 11 C, Consent is sometimes used in deede and sometimes fainedly as in law. FeignedneSS (fi^-nednes). [f. as prec. + -ness.] The quality or state of being feigned; f deceitful¬ ness ; insincerity. 1435 Misyn Fire 0/Loz>e 58 With-oute cessyng to Ioy of godis sight, all fenydnes put bak. 1535 Coverdale Ecclus. i. 30 Thy hert is full of faynednes and disceate. 1587 J. Harmar Beza’s Serm. iii. 39 The church is not the school of fainednesse. 1683 Wilkinson in Mem. J. Story Revived 7 He .. greatly abhorred Feignedness. 1711 Shaftesb. Charac. (1737) II. 11.11. ii. 162 A certain Subtlety and Feignedness of Carriage. FEIGNER 139 FELE. Feigner (f^-nsi). [f. Feign v. + -er \] One who or that which feigns, in various senses of the vb.; f a fashioner, constructor, inventor; the con¬ triver of a fiction ( obs .) ; a simulator, pretender, counterfeiter. 1382 Wyclif Dent. xiii. 5 That prophete or feyner of swevenes shal be slayn. 4:1400 Apol. Loll. 85 Wat profitib a grauen Jung? for his feynar ha|> hopid in his feynid J^ingis. 1488 Caxton Chast. Goddes C/iyld. 28 In goddes sighte they ben very fyctifs feyners. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot, III. 276 Ane freir .. flatterar and fen^ear. 1591 Sylvester Du B art as 1. v. 715 The greene Parrat, fainer of our Words. 1598 Ibid. 11. ii. 11. Babylon^ 14 The fluent fainer of Orlandos error. 1636 B. Jonson Discov. Wks. (Rtldg.) 761/2 A poet is., a maker or a fainer: his art, an art of imitation, or faining. 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 693 This Notion. .was from the first Feigner or Inventor of it, propagated all along and conveyed down, by Oral Tradition. 1827 Examiner 50/2 Either Farmers are dreadful feigners, or their present endurance cannot last long. 1863 Holme Lee A. Warleigh's Fort. III. 104 She was a bad feigner. Feigning i^'nig), vbl. sb. [f. as prec. -f -ing *.] 1 . The action of the vb. Feign in various senses ; an instance of this. Without (+ but) feigning'. unfeignedly, sincerely. 1375 Barbour Bruce 1. 74 He suld swer that, but fen^eyng, He suld that arbytre disclar. c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 341 He was clepid pope, .aftirward camen oj?er names bi feynyng of ypocritis. c 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. 1556 Hypsip. <5* Medea , With feynynge, & with every subtyl dede. 4:1460 Tmvneley Myst. (Surtees) 209 Tryp on thi tose, without any fenjmg. 1490 Caxton Eneydos xvi. 65 That yf it were aperceyued .. men shold wene that it were a manere of a feynynge. 1568 Grafton Chron, 11 .186 Craftie and imagined faynings. 1601 Shaks. Twel. N. hi. i. no 'Twas neuer merry world, Since lowly feigning was call’d complement. 1636 B. Jonson Discoz>. Wks. (Rtldg.) 761/2 His [the Poet’s] Art [is] an Art of imitation, or faining. 1789 Mrs. Piozzi Journ. France I. 91 The Lombards .. please you without feigning. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 143 Poets are also the representatives of falsehood and feigning. t b. Feigning of person : personification, rare. 1561 Daus tr. Ballinger on Apoc. (1573) 283 S. John by a fayning of person sayth, from whose face fledde away both heauen and earth. + 2 . quasi -concr. A creation or production (of the mind) ; an assumption, fiction, fable. Obs. 1388 Wyclif Jer. 1 . 38 The lond .. hath glorie in false feynyngis. 4:1430 Lydg. Boc/ias 1. iv. (1544) 6 b, Of poetes the feigning to unfold. 1563-87 Foxe A. <$* M. (1596) 141/2 The like fainings and monstrous miracles. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World 11. 350 All which fainings . .Josephus and Ter- tullian have sufficiently answered. 1627 Speed England xxv. § 3 Poets in their faynings will haue the Nymphs residence in shady greene groues. Feigning (£? 1- niij), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing 2 .] That feigns. + 1 . Given to inventing ; imaginative. Obs. 1483 Cath. A ngl. 125/1 Feynynge, Jicticiosus. 1600 Shaks. A. Y. L. hi. iii. 20 The truest poetrie is the most faining. 2 . Dissembling, deceitful. c 1400 Destr. Troy 966 He .. welcomed horn all With a faynyng fare vnder faire chere. a 1569 Kingesmyll Man's Est. i. (1580) 8 Those fainyng folke. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. 1. i. 31 Verses of faining loue. 1701 Rowe Amb. Stcp-Moth. iv. iii. 2002 Suspect this feigning Boy. 13 . Shirking, cowardly. Obs . Cf. Feign v. 13. 4:1400 Destr. Troy 4576 pis fenyond fare is forthoryng to horn, To assemble.. souldiors ynogh. f 4 . Of the voice : see Feign v. 12. Obs. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. 1. i. 31 Thou hast by Moone-light at her window sung, With faining voice. 5 . quasi -adv. Pretendedly, seemingly. 1620 Quarles Jonah (1638) 11 How faining deafe is he? Hence Feigningly adv., in a feigning manner; artfully, dissemblingly. 1387 Trevisa Higden 1 Rolls) II. 375 J>e ordre of tellynge of pe bing. - is feynyngliche i-tolde. c 1422 HoccleveZ^w?* to Die 359 Whethir he verraily or feynyngly Repente. c 1500 Melusine 28 All this said she feynyngly to thende that the other shuld nat perceyue to what thinge she tended. 1561 T. Hoby tr. Castigliom's Courtyer Zz iij b, To sett out her beawtye .. as feininglye as she can. 1605 Stow A nn. West Saxons an. ion Peace .. to the which they feininglie assented. 1650 S. Clarke Eccl. Hist. (1654) 54 2 The King feigningly complained that since the death of Cromwel, England was much troubled with hereticall factions. Feil, var. form of Fele a., much. Feild(e, obs. forms of Field. Feil-beg : see Filabeg. Feile, Fein, obs. forms of Fail, Fain, Vein. t Feind, feint. Obs. rare. [Of obscure origin ; it can hardly be a var. of Fiend ; a subst. use of Feigned, Feint adjs. ?] ? A phantom, goblin. 1658-9 Burton?s Diary (1828) IV. 64 Those feints, which come nearest the shape of man, are most ugly and dangerous. 1703 T. N. City <$• C. Purchaser 7 There are really no such standing Species of Animals, and Vegetables [as fauns, mermaids, etc.] in Nature, tho’ the belief of such feinds hath been propagated by Orators. Feind(e, obs. forms of Fiend. t Feindill, a. Obs. Sc. ? ‘ Ill-natured ’ (Gloss.). But is feindill in mispr. for eindillint (See Eyndii.l.) 1560 Holland Crt. Venus Prol. 31 The last .. is callit Melancoly.. Heuie heidit, and feindill in game or glew. Feint (fif'nt', sb. [a. Fr. feinte ( = Pr. fenha, fencha , OSp. and It. Jin/a), abstr. noun, f. feindre to Feign.] 1 . A feigned or false attack. Also in phrases in feint, to make a feint. a. Fencing and Boxing. A blow, cut, or thrust aimed at a part other than that which is the real object of attack. [1600 O. E. Kept, to Libel 1. iii. 67 A finta, or fained shew of a downe right blow.] 1684 R. H. School Recreat. 63 To take, .a Feint on this Guard will signifie little or nothing. 1706 in Phillips (ed. Kersey). 1730-^6 in Bailey (folio). 1817 Scott Rob Roy xxv, He exhausted every feint and stratagem proper to the science of defence. 1825 Waterton Wand. S. Ainer. hi. iii. 251, I made a feint to cut them down. 1872 Baker Nile Tribut. viii. 117 A feint at the head causes them to raise the shield. 1879 Farrar Si. Paul II. 73 He aimed straight blows, and not in feint, at the enemy. b. Mil. A movement made with the object of deceiving an enemy as to a general's real plans. 1683 Temple Mem. Wks. 1731 I. 458 Friburg had been taken by a Feint of the Duke. 1701 Lond. Gaz. No. 3713/1 Some troops were ordered to make a Feint. _ 1783 Watson Philip III (1793) II. v. 108 By making a feint of storming which he hoped to save Vercelli. 1809 Wellington in Gurw. Desp. V. 30 These movements are intended only as a feint. 1868 G. Duff Pol. Surv. 65 She .. may make an attack on India by way of feint. 2 . iransf and fig. An assumed appearance; a pretence, stratagem. 1679 Sir C. Lyttelton in Hatton Corr . (1878) 206 All this is but a feint. 1740 Somerville Hobbinol 11. 410 A Feint he made With well dissembled Guile. 1754 Sher¬ lock Disc. (1759I I. ix. 265 This Objection is not a mere Feint. 1832 Lander Adv. Niger I. iv. 182 We imagine that it is only a feint of Mausolah to detain 11s. 1851 Gallenga Italy 49 That protest, .would have been merely a feint. 1852 Dickens Christmas Bks., Haunted Man. (C. D. ed.) 206 Mr. Williams, .made a feint of accidentally knocking the table with a decanter. b. Rhetoric, (see quot.) 1730-6 Bailey (folio), Feint , a figure whereby the orator touches on something, in making a show of passing it over in silence. t 3 . Music, (see quot.) [So formerly Yr. feinte.\ 1730-6 Bailey Tolio\ Feint , sb. (in Musick) a semi-tone, the same that is called Diesis. 1823 in Crabb. Feint (fiT'nt), a. [a. Fr. feint , pa. pple. of feindre to Feign.] Feigned, false, or counterfeit; sham ; = Faint a. 1. Now rare . 4:1340 Cursor M. 19535 (Trin.) perfore toke he bapteme feynt [ v.r. faint], c 1400 Rom. Rose 433 She gan. .To make man>' a feynt praiere To God. c 1698 Locke Cond. Underst. § 33 Dressed up into any faint appearance of it. 1702 Lond. Gaz. No. 3835/2 The Major .. made a feint Retreat. 1704 Ibid. No. 3986/2 Amusing the French with, .feint Marches. 1855 Thackeray Newcomes II. 90 We wear feint smiles over our tears and deceive our children. Feint, v. Also 6 faint. [In sense i f. F. feint, pa. pple. of feindre to Feign ; see the variant Faint v. In sense 2 f. Feint r^.] + 1 . To deceive. Obs. 1320 [see Feinting]. 2 . Mil., Boxing and Fencing, a. intr. To make a feint or sham attack. Const, at, on, upon. b. trails. To make a feint upon. rare. c. To pretend to make (a pass or cut). 1833 Regul. Instr. Cavalry I. 130 Feint cut ‘Two’; and shift leg to ‘First Position’. Ibid. 1. 149 Feint ‘Third Point’ under, and deliver ‘Second Point’ over the arm. 1854 Badham Halieut. 419 He watched them .. as they feinted, skirmished, or made onslaught. 1857 Hughes Tom Brown 11. iii, Feint him—use your legs ! draw him out. 1880 L. Wallace Ben-Hur 381 Ben-Hur feinted with his right hand. 1890 Sat. Rev. 6 Sept. 296/2 He feinted at his enemy’s toes. Hence Fernting vbl. sb., in senses of the vb.; also attrib., and ppl. a. c 1314 Guy Warw. (A.)444 Erl Jonas. .Loke wij? him be no feynting. 1579 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 110 They flutter them- selues with a fainting farewell, deferring euer vntil to morrow. 1684 R. H. S\iool Recreat. 71 Feinting or Falsifying. Of these there are several Kinds. 1858 O. W. Holmes Ant. Breakf.-t. (1865) 68 Feinting, dodging, stopping, hitting, countering. 1871 Daily News 24 July, It was obvious that force had been thus disposed for feinting purposes. Feintise, var. of Faintise. Feints, var. of Faints. Feinye, -yie, obs. Sc. forms of Feign. t Feir. Obs. Sc. Also 4-6 fere, 5, 7 feare, 6 fier. [aphet. f. Eefeir.] Appearance, demeanour, look, show; =ajferc (Affair 6), Effeir sb. 2. c 1440 Gaw. # Got. xiii, He wes ladlike of lait, and light of his fere, c 1470 Henry Wallace ix. 101 Tell me his feyr, and how I sail him knaw. c 1500 Felon Sowe Rokeby in Whitaker Hist. Craven (1805) 418 Scho rase up with a felon fere. 1528 Lyndesay Dream 447 Quha wald behauld his countynance and feir, Mycht call hym, weill, the god of men of weir, b. In feir of war : in martial array. 1449 Sc. Acts Jas. //(1597) § 25 Gif onie man .. risis in feire of weir against him [the King]. 1550 Lyndesay Sqr. Meldrum 1231 Thrie scoir.. Accowterit weill in feir of weir. 4:1565 Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1728) 215 The Queen made proclamation .. that all men should be at her in Fier of War. . c. pi. Gestures, ways, ‘ points ’ of a person’s exterior. 4:1375 Barbour Troy-bk. 11. 2501 He kend him be his feris. Ibid. 11. 3003 With brokine speche and with waik feris. 1513 Douglas YEneis iii. ix. 14 Bot he was Greik be all his vthir feris. a 1548 Thrie Priests of Peblis in Pinker¬ ton Scot. Poems (1792) I. 19 He feinyeit him ane fule, fond in his feris. Feir, var. Fere v. Obs. to appertain, be proper. Feir, obs. and Sc. form of Fear. Feird, obs. Sc. var. of Fourth. t Feirie, ct. Sc. Obs. Also 5, 6 fery, 7, 8 feerie. [? repr. OE. *ferig, f. for action of going (see Foor) + ~ig, -Y 1 ; cf. the synonymous Fere a.] Fit to travel; hence nimble, vigorous. Const, of 4:1425 Wyntoun Cron. ix. ix. 10 His eldare Swne Wes noucht fery. 1513 Douglas YEneis vi. v. 20 Als fery and als swipper as a page, a 1548 Thrie Priests of Peblis in Pinkerton Scot. Poems (1792) I. 18 The king was .. Ane feirie man on fute. 17.. in Watson Collect. 1. (1706) 59 Of foot he is not feerie. 1794 Burns Deuk's Dang O'er My Daddy, O baud your tongue, my feirie auld wife, b. quasi -adv. Cleverly, actively. 1810 in Cromek Rem. Nithsdale $ Annan dale Song (1880) 54 An feerie can cross it in two braid cockle shells. Hence Pei'rily adv., nimbly, actively. 1550 Lyndesay Sqr. Meldrum 475 Quhen thay saw him sa feirelie Loup on his Hors. 1552 — Dreme 12 Sumtyme in dansing, feiralie I flang. 1763 W. Thom Donaldsoniad, Wks. (1799) 368 It wad be better if it was a’ dun bi ane that cou’d gae throw it feerily and cannily. Feirschipe, var. of Fairship. Feit, obs. form of Feat. Feitergrasse, var. of faitours grass obs. : see Faitodr 2. Feith, Feizable, obs. ff. Faith, Feasible. Feitisso: see Fetish. Fel, obs. var. of Fell. Fela, obs. form of Fellow. Felanders, obs. form of Fjlandees. Fela’pton. Logic. A mnemonic word repre¬ senting the fourth mood in the third figure of syllogisms, in which the major premiss is a universal negative, the minor premiss a universal affirmative, and the conclusion a particular negative. 1551 T. Wilson Logike H ij a, Fe. No vertue should he eschued. Lap. All vertue hath her wo with her. Ton. Therfore some wo shoulde not be eschued. 1741 Chambers Cycl., Felapton. 1827 Whately Logic ii. (ed. 2) 98 Felapton. 1871 tr. Taine’s Hist. Eng. Lit. (1873) I. 135 They still set their Barbara and Felapton, but only in the way of routine. Felau, Feld(e, obs. ff. Fellow, Field. Feldifair, -fare, obs. forms of Fieldfare. Feldspar, felspar (feldspar, felspar). Min. Forms: a. 8 feldspat(h, feltspat. P. 8 fields- par, 8- feldspar. 7. 8-9 felspar. [The forms feldspatfi, feltspat are adoptions (the latter through Sw.) of Ger. feldspatfi, f. field Field + spatiji spar. Almost contemporaneously appear the wholly or partially translated forms field-, feldspar. The corrupt spelling felspar was introduced by Ivirwan on the ground of a supposed derivation from fels, and is still more common than the correct form.] A name given to a group of minerals, usually white or flesh-red in colour, occurring in crystals or in crystalline masses. They consist of a silicate of alumina with soda, potash, lime, etc. 1757 E. M. Costa Nat. Hist. Fossils 287 The opaque quartz or feldspath. 1772 tr. Cronstedt's Min. App. 8 If the characters of this field-spar are accurately examined. 1776 G. Edwards Fossilology 54 A black felt-spat.. found in Sweden. 1784 Kirwan Elem. Min. 102 Sandstone mixed with mica and feltspar. 1785 J. Hutton Th. Earth in Trans. R. Soc. Edin. I. 229 Strata consolidated by feld¬ spar. 1792 Phil. Trans. LXXXII. 30 D. Hoffman dis¬ covered that red blende and feldspat were luminous when pieces of either were rubbed together. 1794 Kirwan Min. I. 317 note, This name seems to me derived from fels, a rock . .hence I write it thus, felspar. 1835 Sir J. C. Ross Narr. •znd Voy, xxix. 406 Large crystals of felspar, i860 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea x. § 494. 272 Granite is generally composed of feldspar, mica, and quartz. attrib. 1807 T. Thomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 501 The felspar glaze does not melt at the heat requisite for fusing the colours. 1830 Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 263 Traversed in all directions by veins of felspar porphyry. 1862 Dana Man. Geol. § 85. 80 Feldspar-Eupliotide. .consisting of a minutely-granular feldspathic base with disseminated diallage or smaragdite. 1872 W. S. Symonds Rec. Rocks iv. 113 Criccieth Castle stands on a felspar rock. Hence FeTdsparic a, resembling feldspar; = Feldspathic. FeTdsparite —Feldspar. FeTd- sparry a., containing feldspar. 1811 Pinkerton Petral. I. 157 Hardness, of course fel- sparic. 1832 Boa^p Geol. Cornwall 211 Felsparite or Felspar- Rock. 1852 Th. Ross tr. Humboldt's Trav. I. ii. 98 The feldsparry lavas of the Peak. Feldspathic, felspathic (feld-, felspse jhk), a. [f. fel\d)spath (see prec.) +-IC.] Of the nature of or containing feldspar. 1832 Lyell Princ. Geol. II. 295 The decomposition of felspathic lavas. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. xxi. (1873) 486 Feldspathic rocks have produced a clayey soil. 1879 J. J. Young Ceram. Art 56 Artificial porcelain may be made from .. felspathic clay. Fe:l(d)spatho - se, a. [ + -ose.] =prec. 1811 Pinkerton Petral. II. 448 It contains many felspath- ose points. 1879 Dana Man. Geol. (ed. 3) 74 Feldspathose. Feldyfar, dial, form of Fieldfare. + Fele, adv. (quasi-rA) and adj. Obs. Forms : a. 1-2 fela, feola, north, feolu, feolo, 2-4 feole, (3 feola, foie), 3-4 fale, 3-6 feil(l(e, 4-5 feel(e, 4-6 fel(e, fell(e. P. (2 veale), 3 vale, (vsele, veole), 3-4 vele. Compar. 4 feler, 5 felire. [OE. feolo, feolu (Mercian and Northumb.), feola, fela (WSax.) are respectively the accus. and the FELE. 140 FELICITY. oblique case neuter (used adverbially, and hence as quasi-sb.) of a Com. Teut. adj., of which the other Teut. langs. have in their early forms only the accus. neut. as adv. and quasi-sb. : QYrh.fclo, OS. filo, filu (Du. veel), OHG. filu, filo (MHG. vil, vile, mod.Ger. viel, the latter also inflected as adj.), ON. fipl (chiefly in comb.), Goth, filu OTeut. *felu pre-Teut. *pclu (with ablaut-var. spoilt) much; cf. Skr. purii, Gr. no\vs, OIr. */.] A. adv. 1 . To a great extent or degree, much. Also in so, too fele. Beowulf 1379 User Jra findan miht fela-synnigne sec;;. <950 [Andisf. Gosp. Lukevii.47 For 3 on lufade feolo. c 1000 IVife's Compl. 26 (Gr.) Sceal ic .. mines fela leofan fehSu dreogan. a 1250 Prov. /Elfred 196 in O. E. Misc. (1872) 114 Ne ilef bu nouht to fele uppe )>e see. <21300 Cursor M. 8991 (Cott.) Thoru wimmen fat he luued sa fele. c 1300 Havelok 2442 He bounden him so fele sore. < 1400 Destr. Troy 1884 Syn he fre is so faire, & so fele vertus. c 1470 Henry IVallace 1. 56 Fell awfull in efler. 1598 Hakluyt Voy. I. 192 The Beere, That they drinken feele too good chepe. 2 . quasi-jA Much, a great number or quantity. Chiefly with partitive genitive. Often qualified by ko 7 U y like, so, too. After the OE. period this use is seldom distinguishable from the adj. ; later instances are placed here only when their grammatical character is evidenced by inflexion of the following sb. Beowulf 1060 Fela sceal gebidan leofes and la‘ 5 es. ^825 Vesf, Psalter lxv[ij. 16 Ic seg[c]o eow alle Sa ondredaS dryh- ten hu feolu dyde sawle minre. a 900 Charter in O. E. Texts (1885)444, & swae feola sufla. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt, xxvi. 19 Felaic hsebbe ^eJ>olod todcej ]> ur hS es yh$ e f° r hym. ciooo Sax. Leechd. II. 208 Ne forfet J>u J>ais blodes to fela on amne sifi. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 9 Monie and feole oSre godere werke. a 1300 Shiners Beware 87 in O. E. llisc. 75 Sunnen seouene h a t bringe)> vt of heouene Swij?e vele manne. B. adj. (Indeclinable; but as the word after nth c. was used all but exclusively of multitude, not of quantity, the final e was prob. felt in ME. as a pi. ending. A solitary instance of felen dat. pi. occurs in the Ayenbite.) 1 . With sb. in pi. Many. Often preceded by as, how, so ; also in many and fele. O. E. Chron. an. 963 (Laud MS.) Se biscop .. bohte }? a feola cotlif set se king. Ibid. an. 1124 Fela soSfeste men sjeidon [etc.], c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 117 Fela stuntnesse beo$. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 3067 Suche stones, so grete & so uale. a 1300 Cursor AT. 18268 (Cott.) Hu fele pines ai sal )>ou fele. £1305 Land Cokayne 95 per bep briddes mani and fale. 1340 Ayenb . 5 pou ne sselt habbe uele godes. 1382 Wyclif Gen. xxiv. 22 As feel arm serclis. c 1420 Chron. Vilod. 586 Sekemen come pedur mony and ffele. c 1425 Seven Sag. (P.) iiio He. .hadde. .of the quene many gyftis fele. c 1500 Lancelot 768 Galiot haith chargit hyme to tak Als fell folk. i 5 x 3 Douglas /Ends 1. i. 83 Sa fele }eris. 1598 Hakluyt Voy. I. 201 So fele shippes this yeere there ware, That moch losse for vnfreyght they bare. b. With sb. in sing. Much. a 1300 Cursor M. 4050 (Cott.) pat .. suflerd sa fele peril. c 1400 Ywaine Gazu. 1392 That so fele folk led obowt. c 1440 Generydes 6701 With kysseng fele. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 54 Feill folk als out of Germania. 2 . In predicative use : Much, many, numerous. Also in compar.: More in number, more numerous. a 1300 Cursor AT. 14079 (Cott.) pe folk him foluand was ful fell. £1340 Gazu. <$• Gr. Knt. T391, I wowche hit saf fynly, pa} feler hit were. 1340-70 Alex, Bind. 528 So fale fole- wen pe folk, c 1400 Destr. Troy 4869 pai are feler of folke. a 1400-50 Alexander 2084 A pake out of nounbre, Felire pan his folke be full fyue thousand. 3 . absol. in pi. Many persons. s c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 107 He mei findan fele pe beo# bet ipo}en and isto}en pene he. c 1200 Ormin 7640 Fele shulenn fallenn & fele shulenn risenn upp. a 1300 Cursor M. 8495 (Cott.) pis writte wit fele was red and sene. 1340 Ayenb. 102 God, pet. .yefp more blepeliche. .to uelen panne to onen allone. 1375 Barbour Bruce xvi. 641 In sum bargis sa feill can ga .. That thai ourtummyllit. c 1450 Bk. Curtasye 522 in Babees Bk. (1868) 316 Few ar trew, but fele ar fals. b. quasi-jA Many of. Cf. A. 2. <71300 Cursor AT. 7012 (Cott.) Fourti thusand of israel, O beniamin negh als fel. c 1394 P. PI. Crede 547 Fele of pise poyntes. a 1455 Holland Howlat 522 Feile of the fals folk, that fled of befor. 4 . In comb, with sb., forming an adj., as fele-kyn, of many kinds, various; or an adv., as felc-sith , -syss,feltymcs many times, often. Also Felefold. c 1200 Ormin 3573 Hire sune wass himm lie O fele kinne wise, [c 1205 Lay. 1717 On feole kunne wisen.] <11300 Cursor At. 28380 (Cott.) Oure fele-sith haf i ben to spend pe gode wit skil pat godd me send. 13.. E. E. A llit. P. B. 1483 Of mony kyndes, of fele-kyn hues. 1375 Barbour Bruce in. 651 Felesyss, quhen thou art away. Ibid. xx. 225 That }he haf done till me feill siss. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus. xx. 18 Hou ofte sithes and hou fele shul thei scorne hym? c 1400 Destr. Troy 3014 Of hir fairehede feltymes hade pe freike herd. t Fele, a .2 Ol>s. Also 3 feile, 4 fale, feele, fel, 5 fall. See also Fiel. [OE. file, corresp. to OHG. feili purchasable (mod.G. feil). ] a. In OE.: One’s own ; dear, faithful, good. b. In ME. : Proper, of the right sort, good. c 1000 Ags. Ps. (Gr.) lxxviii. [Ixxix.] i pin fade hus. Ibid. cxviii. [cxix.] 105 pa;t is fade blaecern minum fotum. a 1250 Ozul 4- Nighty 1376 Ah schaltu, wrecche, luve tele .. vich luve is fele, Bi-tweone wepmon and wimmaue? 1387 Tre* visa Higden (Rolls) I. 399 As pei God..Made pat lond so feele To be celer of al heele. <71400 Sir Perc. 729 Thou art fele, That thou ne wille away stele. Fele, obs. form of File v .' 2 t Fe lefold, a. (adv.). Obs. [f. Fele a . 1 + Fold.] = Manifold. Also absol. in By felefold : by a great deal, many times over. c 1000 Ags. Ps. (Spelm.) xxxv[i]. 6 Domas Sine neowelnys micellu oode felefeald. <71175 Lamb. Horn. 135 Alswa of ane sede cumeS fele folde weste. c 1205 Day. 4249 BeoS on beoken feole feld bisnen. a 1225 Auer. P. 180 BoSe [temp- taciuns] beo <5 feoleuold. c 1340 Gazu. <5- Gr. Knt. 1545 Hit were a foie fele-folde. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. 11. i. 30, I vn- derstonde pe felefolde colour & deceites of pilke merueillous monstre fortune. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xm. 320 It was fouler bi felefold pan it firste semed. b. As adv. In manifold ways. 1340 Ayenb. 212 Na}t wordes afaited and y-sliked ueleuold. Hence + Felefold v. Obs., to increase, multiply. a. Ira ns. b. intr. for ref. a 1300 E. E. Psalter iii. 2 Hou fele-folded are pai, pat droves me to do me wa. Ibid. xi. 9 [xii. 8] Men sones fele- faldes tou. Ibid. cxxxviii[-ix], 18 Over se-sand fele-falde sal pai. Felenous(e, obs. form of Felonous. Felet, obs. form of Fillet. Felewote, obs. form of Velvet. Felf, obs. and dial. var. of Felloe, Felly. Felfar, obs. form of Fieldfare. Felghe, obs. form of Felloe, Felly. Felicide (frlisoid). [f. L. feli-, feles cat-f -CIDE 2.] The action of killing a cat, cat-slaying. 1832 Southey Corresp. withC. Bozules ( 1881)259 Those repeated acts of felicide. 1836 Tait's Mag. III. 568 He hurled it, with premeditated felicide, in the direction of his supreme abomination. 1868 Morn. Star 25 Jan., One poor woman, .confessed to having committed an act of felicide. Felicific (fflisrfik), a. Ethics, [ad. 'L.felJcific- us, f. felici-, felix happy + -feus making : see -fic.] Making or tending to make happy; pro¬ ductive of happiness. 1865 J. Grote Moral Ideas x. (1876) 205 Concentrate your felicific effort where.. none of it will be lost. 1874 Sidgwick Meth. Ethics xiv. 373 Its felicific tendency is not at first apparent. 1877 J. Sully Pessimism 164 Knowledge of the real felicific value of life. Felicificability (frlisi fikabiliti). [f. *felicific- able (f. prec. -(--able) : see - bility , -ity.] 1865 J. Grote Moral Ideas ii. 33 Felicificability or capacity for happiness. Felicificative (frlisi-fikativ). [f. as if L. *fellcific-dre (see next) + -ative.] Tending to make happy. Hence Felicificativeness, tendency to make happy or produce happiness. 1865 J. Grote Aforal Ideas ii. (1876) 33 The original egence of God. .is in another word felicificativeness. t Feli'cify, v. Obs. rare. [f. as if ad. L. *felTcificare, L. felici-, felix + -ficare : see -FY.] traits. To render happy; also absol. 1683 E. Hooker Pref. Ep. Pordcige’s ATystic Div. 92 Whom, .the allwise, .and most mercifull God mai. .sanctifi, tranquillifi and felicifi. 1698 Whole Art of Knozuledge 1. § 31. 23 The temper of true government most felicifies and perpetuates it. t Feli 'Cions, a. Obs. Also in 5 felecyows. [f. L. felici-, felix -f -ous.] a. Happy, joyous. b. Fortunate, prosperous. c 1485 Digby ATyst. (1882) iii. 947 Of felachyp most fele¬ cyows. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer s Bk. Physicke 110/1 His brethren .. have .. experimentede the same, with felicious event, a 1635 Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 16 In all which [warres] she was felicious [1735 felicitous] and victorious. 1654 Cokaine Diane a iv. 352 These words .. were attended by a felicious shout. t Feli’citate, pet. pple. Obs. fad. 'L. felicitdt- us, pa. pple. of felicitare : see next.] Made happy. 1605 Shaks. Lear 1. i. 77, I am alone felicitate In your deere Highnesse loue. Felicitate (ffli-sit^'t), v. [f. ppl. stem of L. felicitare to make happy, f. felici-, felix happy.] 1 . trans. To render or make happy; also absol. Now rare ; see Felicitated///, a. 1628 Wither Brit . Rememb. iii. 261 Of themselves, nor paines, nor pleasures can Felicitate. 1668 Dryden Evening's Love v. i, Since I cannot make myself happy, I will have the glory to felicitate another. 1741 Watts Imprcru. Mind i.'Xvii. 254 A glorious Entertainment.. would .. felicitate his Spirit, if [etc.]. 1792 A. Bell in Southey’s ^77^(1844) I. 436 Your occupations, .have a tendency to. .felicitate our days. 1825 T. Barber Servi. Import. Relig. Nat. Educ. 40 It settles, composes, and felicitates the soul. 1856 J. M acnaught Doctr. Inspiration (1857) 193 It has felicitated the death of all who have learned in it to talk with God. + b. To render prosperous. Obs. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1638) 92 A citty in Bengala and felicitated by Ganges. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vi. vii. 307 The Sunne’s. .influence is conceived, .to felicitate India more then any after. 2 . To reckon or pronounce happy or fortunate; to congratulate. Now only with obj. a person. Const, on, upon. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1838) 182 A glorious miser felicitating his death, so it be in contemplation of his rich idolatry. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iv. ix. 201 Speeches, felicitating the good, or deprecating the evil to follow. 1715 Wodrozu Corr. (1843) H. 77 This comes to felicitate you upon your wife’s safe delivery. 1812 D’Lsraei.i Calam. Auth. (1867) 215 A great poet felicitated himself that poetry was not the business of his life. 1855 Macaulay Hist . Eng. III. 645 The enemies of France, eagerly felici¬ tated one another. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets vi. 175 The victor might be felicitated on his good fortune. + 3 . a. Ivans. To offer congratulations on (some- thing'). b. intr. To join in congratulations with. 1684 J. Peter Siege Vienna 104 Of other Princes .. there were great numbers that came to felicitate his Majesties happy return. 1799 Nelson in Nicolas Disp. III. 447, 1 felicitate with you on the happy success of the allied Arms. Hence Feli citated ppl. a.. Felicitating ppl. a . X 7 S 5 Amory Aleut. (1769) I. 280 It commands us to acquire a felicitating temper, and to communicate happiness ade¬ quate to our power. 1772 Johnson 27 Mar. in Boswell, The happiness of an unembodied spirit will consist, .in the possession of felicitating ideas. 1806 A. Knox Rem. I. 21 This felicitating influence of our divine religion. 1890 tr. Pfleidercr s Devclopm. Theology 11. ii. 118 A life of invigo¬ rated and felicitated God-consciousness. Felicitation (ftlhsit^Jan). [noun of action f. prec.: see -ation. Cf. F. felicitation.] The action of congratulating ; an instance of the same ; a congratulatory speech or message. Also attrib . 1709 Loud. Gas. No. 4571/2 The . . Empress came .. to make her the Compliments of Faelicitation. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 103 A felicitation on the present new year. 1801 T. Jefferson Writ. (1830) III. 464, I thank [you] for your kind felicitations on my election. 1817 Bp. R. Watson Anted. I. 108, I did not. .break in upon you, either with my acknowledgments or felicitations, i860 W. Collins Worn. White 11. vi. 211 Pray present my best respects and felicita¬ tions. 1882 Times 4 Mar. 5 A number of felicitation cards have been left. Felicitator (f/li'sit«'t3i). [agent-n. f. as prec ] One who offers congratulations. 1890 Times 2 Jan. 3/1 A compliment which his Majesty.. paid to none other of his felicitators. Felicitous (f/li sitss), a. [f. Felicity +-ous.] Characterized by felicity. 1 . a. Indicative of or marked by extreme happi¬ ness ; blissful, rare. 1824 Dibdin Libr. Comp. 606, I am well aware of that felicitous palpitation of heart. 1886 Ruskin Praeterita I. i. 29 In the refinement of their highly educated .. benevolent, and felicitous lives. tb. Fortunate, prosperous, successful. Obs. *735 l see Felicious]. 2 . Of an action, expression, manner, etc.: Ad¬ mirably suited to the occasion ; strikingly apt or appropriate. 1789 P. Stuart Let. to Burns 5 Aug., His manner was so felicitous, that he enraptured every person around him. 1802 Paley Nat. Theol.xx\\. (1803) 519 A felicitous adapta¬ tion of the organ to the object. 1839 Carlyle Chartism (1858) 3 A Reform Ministry has ‘put down .. Chartism’ in the most felicitous effectual manner. 1848 W. H. Bartlett Egypt to Pal. xxvii. (1879) 5 2 ^ We esteemed it a felicitous rounding off of our journey. 1866 Felton Anc. § Mod. Gr. II. x. 190 This striking essay, .abounds in. .felicitous com¬ parisons. 1878 R. W. Dale Led. Preach, v. 120 A felicitous illustration. b. Of persons : Happy or pleasantly apt in ex¬ pression, manner, or style. 1821 Lamb Elia Ser. 1. Old Benchers /. T., Felicitous in jests upon his own figure. 1824 Dibdin Libr. Comp. 765 The witty, the felicitous, the inimitable Fontaine. 1841 W. Spalding Italy Sf It. Isl. II. 389 He is. .sometimes singu¬ larly felicitous, in striking out insulated views. Hence Peli citousness, the quality or state of being felicitous. 1727 in Bailey vol. II.; and in mod. Diets. Felicitously (fflrsitasli), adv. [f. as prec. + -ly^.] In a felicitous manner. 1 . Happily, prosperously, successfully. x 539 Cromwell in Burnet Hist. Ref (1679) I* Iir * xv fi- 196, I..shall pray .. that .. your most dear Son, may suc¬ ceed you to Reign long, prosperously, and felicitously. 2 . In an admirably fitting manner; with striking appropriateness or grace. 1828 Miss Mitford Village Ser. ill. (1863) 70 Never had painter more felicitously realized his conception. 1832 J. J. Park Dogmas of Constit. Pref. 17 Sciences .. feli¬ citously denominated by the French authors, ‘les sciences d’observationb 1863 A. B. Grosart Small Sins (ed. 2) 77, I emphasise the word ‘ spoil ’ .. it is exquisitely and felicit¬ ously descriptive. 1893 Publishers’ Circular 3 June 623/1 Cruikshank’s. .designs, .felicitously render the grotesque .. character of the tales. Felicity (fflrsiti). Forms: 4-6 feli-, fely- cite(e, -yte, 6-7 felicitie, -ye, (6 Sc. felyscitie, -syte), 5- felicity, [a. OF .felicite ( Yx.felicite ), ad. L. felicitciteni, f. felix happy.] 1 . The state of being happy ; happiness (in mod. use with stronger sense, intense happiness, bliss); a particular instance or kind of this. c 1386 Chaucer Clerk’s T. 53 We mighten live in more felicitee. 1441 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 206, I feile ffrom alle felycyte. 1552 Lyndesay Alonarchc 5093 Fairweill all vaine felyscitie! 1602 Shaks. Ham. v. ii. 358 Absent thee from felicitie awhile. 1651 Ld. Digby, etc. Lett. cone. Relig. i. 2, I aspire yet. to a farr greater felicity. 1722 Wollaston Relig. Nat. ix. 217 The injoyment of an humble .. expecta¬ tion of felicity hereafter. 1794 Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho i, Conjugal felicity and parental duties divided his attention. 1807 Med. Jrnl, XVII. 541 Sincerely wishing you every felicity. 1839 Hallam Hist. Lit. (1855) III. 118 Felicity, .consists not in having prospered but in prospering. Comb. 1799 R. Warner Walk (1800) 83 Those felicity hunters, the teazing insects of fashion. t b. Phrases: To have , take felicity in or to with inf. : to take delight or pleasure in or to. 141 FELID. To place , set one's felicity in : to find one’s chief delight in. 1542 Udall in Lett. Lit . Men (Camden) 6 Settying his moste delite and felicitee in the veray infamie of the same. 1596 Spenser State I ret. Wks. (1862) 517/1 The. .Northern Nations .. tooke no felicity in that countrey. 1622 R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea (1847) 153 A man known to put his felicitie in that vice. 1691 Hartcliffe Virtues 7 The more polite .. sort of Men place their Felicity in Honours. 1758 Joktin Erasmus I. 175 He took a felicity to set out sundry Commentaries upon the Fathers works. 2 . That which causes or promotes happiness; a source of happiness, a blessing. c 1385 Chaucer L. G. IV. 2588 Hypcrmnestra , This thought her was felicite. 1490 Caxton Encydos xxvii. 105 O felycyte merueillouse wherof I shulde be well happy. 1597 Mokley Introd. Mus. 182 His coine .. is his only hope and felicitie. 1634 W. Tirwhyt Balzac's Lett. 159 The happinesse of your Family, .isapublick Felicity, a 1661 Fuller Worthies U840) I. 21 1 God bestoweth personal felicities on some far above the proportion of others. 1734 tr. Rollins Auc. Hist. (1827) Pref. 27 A woman who formed his felicity. 1874 Maurice Friendship Bks. viii. 221 He also had many feli¬ cities he was thankful for. 3 . Prosperity ; good fortune, success. Now rare. x 393 Gower Con/. III. 11S He hath of proprete Good spede and great felicite. 1494 Fabyan Citron, x ii. 550 It is not possyble for that Kyngedome to stande in felycite. 1533 Bellenden Livy 11.(1822) 171 The Faderis .. faucht with grete felicite aganis the Volschis. 1652-62 Heylin Cosmogr. 111. (1673) 7/1 He was .. vanquished by the valour and felicity of L. Sylla. 1738 Neal Hist. Furit. IV. 274 The old Clergy..were intoxicated with their new felicity. 1780 Harris Philol. Enq. Wks. (1841) 464 Athens, .enjoyed more than all others the general felicity. 1865 Carlyle Frcdk. Gt. V. xv. i. 271 This General’s strategic felicity and his domestic were fatally cut-down. + b. pi. Prosperous circumstances ; successful enterprises; successes. 1625 Bacon Ess. Adversity (Arb.) 505 Describing the Afflictions of lob, then the Felicities of Salomon. 1694 Falle Jersey i. 29 The Spaniards : Whose aims, .were de¬ feated by the Felicities of that Queen, a 1731 Atterbuky (J.), The felicities of her wonderful reign may be complete. c. A stroke of fortune; a fortunate trait (in an individual. 1761 Hume Hist. Eng. III. lxi. 326 The easy subduing of this insurrection, .was a singular felicity to the protector. 1779-81 Johnson L. P., Pope Wks. IV. 6 It was the felicity of Pope to rate himself at his real value. 1861 Tulloch Eng. Purit. ii. 284 It was the felicity of Cromwell to detect this gift of government. d. Singular fortunateness (ofan occurrence). Cf. 4. 1809-10 Coleridge Friend (1865) 157 By a rare felicity of accident. 4 . A happy faculty in art or speech; admirable appropriateness or grace of invention or expression. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. Ded. § 2 Your Maiesties manner of speech is indeed .. full of facilitie, and felicitie. 1727 Pope, etc. Art of Sinking 82 Many painters .. have with felicity copied a small-pox, 1833 Lamb Elia Se r. 11. Pop. Fallacies (1865) 411 We must pronounce [this pun] a monument of curious felicity. 1873 Sy.monds Grk. Poets x. 336 Moschus is remarkable for occasional felicities of language. 1876 J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. I. 11. xii. 295 A style, which adapts itself with singular felicity to every class of subjects. b. A happy inspiration, an admirably well-chosen expression. 1665 J. Spencer Vulg. Prophecies 74 The extempore fe¬ licities of the Orators of those times. 1779-81 Johnson P ., Denham Wks. II. 78 Those felicities which cannot be produced at will by wit and labour. 1870 Lowei.l Among my Bks. Ser. 1. (1873) 176 It is from such felicities that the rhetoricians deduce .. their statutes. f 5 . Of a planet: A favourable aspect. Obs. c 1391 Chaucer Astrol. 11. §4Thei haue a fortunat planete in hir assendent & }it in his felicite. 1393 Gower Con/. III. 116 And upon such felicite Stant Jupiter in his degre. Felid (fir lid). [ad. mod.L .fclid-x, f. fetes cat.] One of the Felidae, or cat-tribe. Feliform (frlifjpim). [f. L. fell-, fetes cat + -form.] Having the form of a cat. Feline (frlain, -lin), a. and sb. [ad. L. feltn-us, i.feles cat.] A. adj. a. Of or pertaining to cats or their species, cat-like in form or structure, b. Resembling a cat in any respect, cat-like in character or quality. a. 1681 CtKvxMusceumRcg.Soc. 16 From which [the Bevir] he [the Otter] differs, .in his Tail, which is feline, or a long Taper. 1833 Sir C. Bell Hand (1834) 149 The feline quadrupeds. 1850 Lyf.ll 2 nd Visit U. S. II. 335 The feline tribe and the foxes. 1876 C. M. Davies Unorth. Lond. 159 Fanaticism has within it a more than feline tenacity of life. b. 1843 Lytton Last Bar. 1. i, The feline care with which he stepped aside from any patches of mire. 1851 H. Mel¬ ville Whale xli. 204 Human madness is oftentimes a. .most feline thing. B. s/>. An animal of the cat tribe. 1861 Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. I. 196 The large savage feline that ranges the waste lands. 1889 Pall Mall G. 14 Oct. 3/3 The eyes are .. as bright as a feline’s in the dark. Hence Felinely adv., in a feline manner; Fe*- lineness, the state of being fi line. 1848 Lytton Harold vii. iv, The rings through which scratched so felinely the paw of.. Griffin. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. V. xiv. v. 202 Noailles has us in a perfect mouse¬ trap, souricilre as he felinely calls it. 1893 National Ob - server 25 Mar. 467/2 His gait was felinely nimble. Felinity (tilrniti). [f. prec. + -ity.] The quality of being feline ; a cat-like disposition ; the typical qualities of the cat-tribe. 1855 ‘M. Harland’ Hidden Path xxviii. 270 This idio¬ syncrasy of his felinity tormented Bella more than ever. 1882 F. W. Harper in Spectator 30 Dec. 1682 Felinity, at least the highest part of it, is included in humanity. Feliole, var. of Filiole Obs. Felk, var. of Felloe, Felly. Fell (fel), sb . 1 Forms: 1 fel(l, 2-7 fel, 3-6 felle, 2- fell. Also 3-4 vel, velle. [Com. Teut.: OK. fel, fell str. neut., OFris.^lV, OS .fel (Du. vel), OHG . fel (MUG. vel , mod.Ger .fell), ON. (her-) fall, Goth, (/nils-) fill n.OTeut. *fello(m pre-Teut. *pello- \-*pelno-, cognate with Gr. 7rcAAa, Lat. pellis skin ; a derivative from the same root is Film.] 1 . The skin or hide of an animal: a. with the hair, wool, etc. Beo7uulf 2088 (Gr.) Sio waes orj?oncum eall ^ejyrwed .. dracan fellum. c 1000 Sax. Lccchd. II. 334 Nim mereswines fel. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 225 God ham 3eworhta b a rea f of fellan and hi were mid J?an fellen 3escridde. c 1220 Bestiary 135 For his fel he [neddre] 3 er lete 3 . 1340 Ayenb. 210 Zuych difference ase ber is be-tuene. .}?e uelle and beste. 1399 Langl. Rich. Redeles 111. 24 The herte .. ffedith him on be venym, his ffelle to anewe. a 1400-50 Alexander 5083 Sum fellis of fischis. c 1483 Caxton Vocab. 9 b. Of shepes fellis. 1551 Robinson tr. More's Utop. (Arb.) 98 They carie furth .. purple died felles. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. vii. 104 Her Wooll whose Staple doth excell., the golden Phrygian Fell. 1757 Dyer Fleece { 1807)68 In loose locks of fells she most delights. 1831 Carlyle Sart. Res. 1. viii. 37 The Horse I ride has his own whole fell. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. III. iv. 6 A lion’s skin .. So wrought with gold that the fell showed but dim Betwixt the threads. + b. as distinguished from the hair, etc. Obs. a 1225 Ancr. A*. 418 Uelles wel i-tauwed. 1436 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 168 Of Scotlonde the commoditees Ar ffelles, hydes, and of wolle the ffleesse. 1581 W. Stafford Exam. Compi. ii. (1876) 51 Of our felles they make Spanish skins, Gloues, and Girdels. 1615 T. Adams Lycanthropy 20 His fell good, his fleece good, his flesh good. 1719 D’Urfey Pills V. 294 Wool, New pull’d from tanned Fells, c. Proverbs. 1548 Hall Citron. (1809) 106 The old Proverbe .. which saieth ‘ If Shepe ronne wilfully emongest Wolves they shall lese ether Life or Fell.’ 1579 Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 20 The woolf iettes in weathers felles. 2 . Said of the human skin, rarely of the skin covering an organ of the body. Often in phr. Flesh and fell : see Flesh. Now only as transf. from 1. c 1000 Juliana 591 (Gr.) Naes.. ne feax ne fel fyre gemaeled. C1200 Ormin 8591, I fell & fiajsh wibbuten dae)?. a I 3 °° Sarmunxx. in E. E. P. (1862) 2 pi velle pat is wip-oute. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 247 An evel b at was bytwene vel and flesche. c 1450 St. Cuthoert (Surtees) 6076 In synnes, in Ioyntes, in fell, and flessh. 1561 Hollybush Horn. Apoth. 19 b, The celles or felles that enuiron the harte. 1606 Holland Sueton. 239 That kind of dropsy wherein water runneth between the fell and the flesh. 1831 Carlyle Said. Res. (1858) 23 The rest of his body sheeted in its thick natural fell. 1890 H. M. Stanley in Times 6 May, A light brown fell stood out very clearly. fig. a 1225 Ancr. R. 120 Nis per, peonne, bute vorworpen sone pet ruwe vel abute be heorte. + b. ‘ The flesh immediately under the skin ’ (Burns G/oss.'). Obs. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Dk. Gloucester xiii, She haply with her nayles may claw hym to the fell. 1567 Turberv. Epitaphes, etc. 108 b, Augmenting still his secret sore by piercing fell and skin. 1786 Burns Ordination xii. 5 See, how she peels the skin an’ fell As ane were peelin onions ! 3 . A covering of hair, wool, etc., csp. when thick and matted ; a fleece. Often in phr. a fell of hair, a head or shock of hair. 1600 Shaks. A. V. L. hi. ii. 55 We are still handling our Ewes and their Fels you know are greasie. 1605 — Macb. v. v. 11 My Fell of haire Would at a dismall Treatise rowze, and stirre As life were in’t. c 1640 J. Smyth Lives Berkeleys (1883) I. 162 A Sheepskyn accordinge to the growth of the fell. 1842 N. A. Woods Tour Canada 14 Their flat Tartar features half hidden under a fell of coarse, unkempt hair. 1844 Lowell Columbus , The surly fell of Ocean’s bristled neck! 1872 Lowell Dante Prose Wks. 1890 IV. 204 note , Reason (Virgil) first carries him down by clinging to the fell of Satan. 4 . attrib. and Comb., as fell-rot (Sc.), - ware, -ivound. Also fell-ill Sc. (see quot.) ; fell-poake Sc., waste clippings or parings resulting from the preparation of skins (used for manure) ; fell-wool (see quot. 1888), and Fell-monger. 1798 R. Douglas Agric. Roxb. 149 Aged cattle .. are liable to be hide bound, a disease known here, .by the name of the "fell-ill. a 1803 J. Gretton in A. Hunter's Georg. Ess. (1803) III. 139 Get your * fell-poake on your head-land by the latter end of October. 1799 Ess. Highland Soc. III. 465 Many different kinds of rot .. as the. .fell-rot, the bone-rot and other rots. 1399 Langl. Rich. Redeles 111. 150 Ffurris of ffoyne and o)?er *ffelle-ware. 1552 Act 5-6 Edw. VI, c. 6 § 1 Mingling ^Fell-wool and Lambs-wool. .with Fleece-wool. 1677 Plot Oxfiordsh. 278 This Fell wool they separate into five or six sorts. 1888 Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk ., Fell-'iuool, the wool pulled from sheep-skins in distinction from the fleece wool shorn from the living animal. 1382 Wyclif Lev. xiii. 19 In the place of the bocche aperith a Tel wounde [Lat. cicatrix]. 1382 — Jer. xxx. 17 Y schal helen parfitly thi felle wounde to thee. Fell (fel), sb . 2 Also 4-5 felle, 4-7 fel. [a. ON. fall (Sw. fiiill, Da. fjeld) mountain, perk. OTeut. *feho{m, related by ablaut to *faliso-, OHG .felis, mod.G.y%/r rock.] 1 . A hill, mountain. Obs. exc. in proper names FELL. of hills in the north-west of England, as Bowfell, Scawfell, etc. a 1300 Cursor M. 6461 (Cott.) Moyses went vp-on hat fell, and fourti dais can her-on duell. Ibid. 22534 (Cott.) |>e dais up-rise, |ie fells dun fall. C1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xiv. 64 Thurgh (te straytes of mountaynes and felles. < 1470 Harding Chron. cm. vii, His graue is yet.. vpon the fell. 1535 Stewart Cron.Scot. III. 435 With clarions. .(Juhomeof the sound did found attouir the fell. 1610 Holland Cam¬ den's Brit. 1. 755 High topped hilles and huge fels standing thicke together. 2 . A wild, elevated stretch of waste or pasture land ; a moorland ridge, down. Now chiefly in the north of England and parts of Scotland. For¬ merly often in phr. Frith {firth) and fell-, see Frith. a 1300 Cursor M. 7697 (Cott.) In frith and fell, Saul soght dauid for to quell, c 1420 Arturs of Arth. iv, Thay questun, thay quellun By frythun, by fellun. i486 Bk. St. Albans K j a, Wheresoeuer ye fare by fryth or by fell. 1549 Com ft. Scot. vi. 66 The laif of ther fat tlokkis follouit on the fellis. 1562 Turner Herbal ir. 57 a, Feniculum . .groweth in. .wild mores, called felles. 1612 Drayton roly-olb, xvii, The Syl- uans that.. did dwell, Both in the tufty Frith, and in the mossy Fell. 1769 Gray Lett. Wks. 1836 IV. 145 Greystock town and castle, .lie only 3 miles (over the Fells) from Ulz- water. 1867 Jean Inge low Gladys 169 With fell and preci¬ pice, It ran down steeply to the water’s brink. 1872 Jenkin- son Guide Bug. Lakes (1879) 121 The fell is ascended by the side of a ravine. 1880 Miss Broughton Sec. Th. in. i, Fells and becks, whose cool memory has often come back .. to her. 1 l b. I11 16-17th c. understood to mean : A marsh, fen. 1514 Fitziierb. Just. Peas (1538) 115 Lowe grounds for medowes, felles, fennes. 1583 Stanyhurst VEneis 1. (Arb.) 23 Throgh fels and trenches thee chase thee cooinpanye tracked. 1611 Speed Thcat.Gt. Brit. Pref., Her Fels and Fens so replenished with wilde foule. 1612 Drayton Poly- olb. iii. 42 Ye .. be grac’t With floods or marshie fels. c. Sc. ‘ A field pretty level on the side or top of a hill ’ (Burns Glossary in Poems 1787). 1794 Burns Ncnv Westlin Winds ii, The partridge loves the fruitful fells ; The plover loves the mountains. 3 . attrib., as in fell-berry, -foot, -gate, -head, -land (hence -lander), -mouse, -mutton, -range, -ridge, -sheep , -side, - top ; fell-bloom, the flower of Bird's-foot Trefoil, Lotus corniculatus (Jam.) ; fell-thrush, the missel-thrush. 1884 Pall Malt G. 16 July 4/2 We make wonderfully good ^fell-berry puddings. 1761 in Wesley's Jrnl. 18 Apr. (1827) III. 49 ‘Take the galloway, and guide them to the *Fell foot’. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., * Fell-head, the top of a mountain not distinguished by a peak. 1890 West¬ moreland Gaz. 8 Nov. 4/3, 2,640 Acres of *Fell Land. 1774 T. West Antiq. Furness p. xiv, The *fellanders of Furness. 1874 Dasent Tales fir. Fjeld 332 There was no end to the * fell-mouse's greediness. 1769 Gray Lett. Wks. 1836 IV. 158 *Fell-mutton is now in season. 1863 Spring Lapi. 55 The great dividing‘^fell-range between Norway and Sweden. 1886 Pall Mall G. 6 Aug. 5/2 The ptarmigan, .soaring over the * fell-ridge with a low chuckle. Ibid. 9 Aug. 4/1 The *fell sheep suffered severely. 1862 T. Shorter m Weldons Register Aug. 24 His early *fell-side neighbours. 1872 Jln- kinson Guide Eng. Lakes (1879) 322 A point on the fellside is reached where are two paths. 1879 Cumbrld. Gloss. Suppl., *Fell thrush. 1886 Pall Mall G. 6 Aug. 5/2 That *fell top appeared to be uninhabited by any more [ptarmigan]. t Fell, sb .3 Obs. rare —1 . [a. L .fell-, fel gall.] Gall, bitterness ; hence, animosity, rancour. 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. xi. 2 Untroubled of vile feare or bitter fell. Fell (fel), sb/ [f. Fell v. ; in some senses perh. repr. QK.ji$ll\ see Fall j/».] 1 . The action of the vb. Fell in various senses. a. A knockdown blow. 1877 Holderncss Gloss, s.v., ‘If thoo disn’t’mind ah sal be givin tha a fell inoo.’ b. A cutting down of timber; concr. the timber cut down at one season ; = Fall sb . 1 14. 165. Cromwell in Carlyle Lett. <5* Sp. (1871) I. 2S0 Ordinary fells. 1663 Pepys Diary 11 Dec., When a fell is made, they leave here and there a grown tree. 1727 Brad¬ ley Fain. Diet. s.v. Coppice , Leave young Trees enough, you may take down the worst at the next Fell. 1767 A. Young Farmer's Lett. People 156 A small fell will amount to. .thirty pounds. 1888 Rider Haggard Col. Quaritch I. x, The trees were gone..‘ Cut down this spring fell ’. c. The sewing down (a fold, etc.) level with the cloth (see Fell v. 6 ); concr. a ‘ felled 3 seam. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech., Fell, .a form of hem in which one edge is folded over the other and sewed down ; or in which one edge is left projecting and is sewed down over the previous seam. 1885 Brietzcke & Rooper Plain Needlewk. 29 The fell, .means, hemming neatly the turned down edge on to the material itself. 1885 Mrs. Croly Man. Nccdlcnvork 9 Hem, fell, gather and buttonhole. d. A ‘ fall ’ of lambs. Obs. exc. dial. 1625 B. Jonson Pan's Anniversary, So shall the first of all our fells be thine. 1823 in Moor Suffolk Words. 2 . ‘ The line of termination of a web in the pro¬ cess of weaving, formed by the last weft-thread driven up by the lay; the line to which the warp is at any instant wefted ’ (Ogilvie). 1874 in Knight Diet. Mech. s.v. 1882 in Caulfeild Diet . Needleivk. s.v. Felling. 3 . Comb., as fell wood, timber ready to be felled; fellable wood. 1736 Neal Hist. Purit. III. 21 The Londoners were dis¬ tressed .. for coals, which obliged them to have recourse to the . .cutting down all fell wood on the estates of Delinquents. FELL. 142 FELLEOUS. Fell (fel), sb.5 Mining, a. Lead ore in its rough state. Cf. Bouse sb* b. Lead ore siftings. 1653 Manlove Lead-mines 266 Fell, Bous and Knock* barke. 1851 [see Bouse sA*]. 1874 Knight Did. Mech., Fell.. the finer portions of lead ore which fall through the meshes of the sieve when the ore is sorted by sifting. Fell (fel), a. and adv. Forms: 3-5 felle, 3-6 fel(e, 3- fell. [a. OF. fel- Vx.fel , It .fcllo fierce, cruel, savagepopular Lat .fello, 110m. of felldn-em sb.: see Felon.] A. adj. 1 . Of animals and men, their actions and attri¬ butes : Fierce, savage; cruel, ruthless; dreadful, terrible. Also in cruel ami fell, fierce and fell. Now only poet, or rhetorical. a 1300 Cursor M. 3974 (Cott.) Esau .. was fel and wald noght spare. Ibid. 20935 (Cott.) [P]Aul .. bicome. .schep o wolf, and mek of fell. 1340 Ayenb. 61 J>e felliste best bet me clepej> hyane. £1350 Will. Falcrne 3614 po bi-gan fiat batayle .. Feller saw neuer frek from Adam to j?is time. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xi. 44 Herode was a full wikkid man and a fell, c 1450 Gesta Rom. xxxi. 115 (Add. MS.) By a felle lyon thou shalt lose thi lyf. c 1470 Henry Wallace 1. 109 Quhen fechtyng was fellast. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour x. 14 Alle proude hertys that be felle. 1553 Brende Q. Curtins S vij, He beheld them with a fell countenaunce and rose up to have stricken at them. 1622 Dekker Virg. Martir 1. Wks. 1873 IV. 10 My fell hate. 1634 Milton Comus 257 Fell Charybdis murmured soft ap¬ plause. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxii. 78 Such fell and cruel people, as the Chineses were. 1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. 184/2 The.. Ban-dog .. is fierce, is fell, is stout, is strong. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (2811) II. xxxiii. 238, * I will risque all consequences ' said the fell wretch. 1812 Byron Ch. Har. 1. xv, And earth from fellest foemen purge. 1813 Scott Rokeby iv. xxvi, His fell design. 1847 Emerson Poems , Daemonic Love Wks. (Bohn) I. 465 Even the fell Furies are appeased. 1864 Burton Scot Abr. I. iii. 118 With all the fell ferocity of men falling on their bitterest feudal enemy. 1877 C. Geikie Christ xxiii. (1879)255 The soul, .drawn down to earth by a fell necessity. 2 . Of things, esp. of natural agents, weapons, disease, suffering, etc. : Keen, piercing, intensely painful or destructive. Of poison : Deadly. Still dial, in colloquial use ; in literature only poet, and rhetorical : Dire, appallingly cruel or destructive. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. B. 421 [The Ark] Flote forthe with the flyt of pe felle wyndez. Ibid. B. 954 Felle flaunkes of fyr. a 1330 Otuel 59 Oliuer. .bar a spere kene & fel. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xvi. 31 pe flesshe is a fel wynde. c 1440 York Myst. xiv. 72 pe fellest freese pat euer I felyd. c 1440 Bone Flor . 1973 Hys sekeness was so felle. c 1475 Rauf Coilyar 74 The wedderis ar sa fell, that fallis on the feild. 1559 W. Cunningham Cosmogr. Glasse 66 Like as the Zones . .the middest of them all men eschew, the burning is so fell. 1567 Turberv. Epitaphes , etc. (1837) 386 Small arrowis, cruel heads, that fel and forked be. 1663 Butler Hud. \. ii. 803 To guard its Leader from fell bane. 1729 T. Cooke Tales , Proposals, etc. 139 With the fellest Venom swells his Veins. 1742 Gray To Adversity v, Despair, and fell Disease, and ghastly Poverty. 1757 Smollett Reprisal Epil., Such fell seas of trouble. 1787 Burns Winter Night i, Biting Boreas, fell and doure. 1831 Carlyle Misc. (1857) II. 309 Common ashes are solemnly labelled as fell poison. 1867 G. Mac¬ donald Poems 194 Hunger fell is joined with frost. b. of an incident, portion of time, etc. c 1340 Cursor M. 22428 (Fairf.) pe cruel dais & felle be-for domis-dai pai salle be sene, c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. ii. 53 For drede of fellare chawns Sum of paiin pan fled in Frawns. 4:1470 Henry Wallace iv. no Bot fell tithings was brocht Persie beforn. 1557 Tottell's Misc., Golden Mcane (1870) 256 Of lofty ruing towers the fals the feller be. 1799 Sheridan Pizarro iii. ii, The last and fellest peril of thy life. 1821 Joanna Baillie Met. Leg., Columb. xiv, The injured Hero’s fellest hour. c. Sc. With reference to taste : Keen, pungent. 1786 Burns Cotter's Saturd. Nt. 96 The dame brings forth . .her weel-hain’d kebbuck, fell. f 3 . Hot, angry, enraged, virulent. Obs. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus. xxiii. 22 A fel soule as fyr brennende shal not be quenchid. a 1450 Knt. de la 'Tour (1868) 86 Amon was right fel and wrothe. 1558 Bp. Watson Sev. Sacrum, xxix. 186 The manne ought not to be bitter and fell agaynste his wyfe in vsing brawlinges. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. 11. i. 20 Oberon is passing fell and wrath. 4 . Full of spirit, sturdy, doughty. Obs. exc. dial. c 1330 R. Brunne Citron. (1810) 125 pe burgeis were fulle felle. c 1400 Destr. Troy 129 A faire man of feturs, & fellist in armys. 1475 Hk. Noblesse 64 To make the Romains more egir and fellir in that bataile. 1522 World <5- Child in Hazl. Dodsley I. 252 So fell a fighter in a field was there never y-found. 1593 Drayton Eclogues iv. T22 Fell was he and eager bent In Battaile. 1815 Scott Guy M. xxii, A fell chield at the vermin. 1876 Whitby Gloss, s. v., ‘ I wasn’t i’ fell order ’, not in able condition. b. Const, for, on. f to : In earnest, eager ; bent or intent upon. Obs. exc. dial. 1666 Pepys Diary 15 Jan., I am so fell to my business that I.. will not go. 1876 Whitby Gloss. s.v., ‘Thoo’s mair fell for thy dinner than rife for a race.’ 1888 Rider Haggard Col. QuaritcJi xxviii, I am rarely fell on seeing them and having a holiday look round Lunnon. t 5 . Shrewd ; clever, cunning. Obs. c 1275 Lay. 5302 Mid hire felle [c 1205 prset] wrenches. 1382 Wyclif Prov. xii. 16 Who forsothe dissymulith wrongus is fel. c 1400 Beryti 1853 Evandir was his name, that sottill was and fell, c 1475 Partenay 1237 Till thay wer growyn ryght large, wyse, and fell. 1561 Randolph Let. 7 Dec. in Keith Hist. Ch. $ St. Scot. (1734* I. 205 Liddington hath a crafty Head and fell Tongue. 1725 Ramsay Gent. SJieph. in. ii, The fellest fortune-teller e'er was seen. 6. In weakened sense: Exceedingly great, huge, mighty. Obs. exc. Sc. 1515 Scot. Field 44 There they fell, at the first shottc Many a fell fothir. 1586 Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 22 This Harrat hath spent a fell time in bussing like a preacher. 1889 J. M. Barrie Window in Thrums xiv. 131 1 It had a fell lot o’ brass aboot it.’ + 7 . quasi-jA The adj. used absol. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 1124 (Cott.), ‘ Caym ware es pi broiper abell ? ’ ‘I wat neuer,’ said he, pat fell, c 1340 Gaiu. § Gr. Knt. 1565 per pe felle bydez. 8. Comb., as fcll-like adj. (dial.) 1854 Phemie Millar VII. 179 She did think it was a fell like thing that any one. .should be thinking of nonsense. B. adv. 1 . In a ‘fell’ manner; f cruelly, fiercely (obs.) ; eagerly, vigorously, excessively (obs. exc. dial.). a 1300 Cursor M. 23997 (Cott.) Quen i sagh paa juus snell, Rise again mi sun sua fell, ful wanles wex i pan. c 1320 Sir Tristr. 97 He ..Was wounded in pat fi^t Ful felle. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. B. 1040 pat fel fretes pe flesch & festred bones, c 1470 Harding Chron. cxcvii. v, He chas¬ tised theim no feller as was sene. 1597 Montgomerie Misc. Poems xxii. 10 ‘Fell peart,' quod Cupid, ‘thou appeirs.' 1832-53 Whistle-biukie (Sc. Songs) Ser. iii. 114 Our Sawnies and Maggies .. At e’en blythe will dance, yet work fell the neist morn. 1863 Morton Cycl. Agric. (E. D. S.), A plough goes too fell when going deeper than is wished. 1876 Whitby Gloss., He eats his meat varry fell. 1889 J. M. Barrie Window in Thrums xvi. 148 She was ‘complaining fell (considerably) about her-back the day'. 2 . Comb, with ppl. adjs. *587 Misfort. A rthur 1. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley IV. 268 Cast off this .. fell-disposed mind. 2593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, v. i. 146 These fell-lurking Curres. 1795 Fate Sedley II. 62 Goaded by the fell pointed spear. 1876 Whitby Gloss, s.v., Fell-bred, of a vicious kind. Pell (fel), v. Pa. t. and pa. pple. felled (feld). Forms: 1 lellan, fyllan, Northumb. fsellan, 2-5 felle(n, (5 fellyn), 4-6 fel, 3- fell. [OE .fillan, filllan , fyllan — OFris. fall a, fella , OS. fellian (Du. vellen), OHG.fellen (MHG. vellcn , mod.Ger. fiillen), ON. fella (Da. fxlde, Sw. fcilia) OTettt. *fitlljan, causative of *fall-an Fall vl\ trans. To cause to fall. 1 . To cut, knock, or strike down (a man or animal). J* Also, to bring down (with a missile). Often with down , to the ground, etc. c 1000 Ags. Ps. (Thorpe) cxxxviii. 16 [cxxxix. 19] 3 *f sydSan wylt pa firenfullan fyllan mid deaSe. a 1325 Prose Psalter cv[i]. 26 He feld hem doun in wildernesse. a 1330 Otuel 60 Anwe of Nubie..felde Oliuer to grounde. 1375 Barbour Bruce xii. 524 Mon worthy men..wes fellit in that ficht. a 1400 Cov. Myst. (1841) 65 Opyn in the fielde the fend he shal felle. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xii. 288, I felde hym doun ded afore me to therthe. c 1500 Lancelot 3299 Sum in the feld fellit is in swon. 1600 Hol¬ land Livy xxiii. 490 Most of them were felled and strucken stark dead. 1671 Narborough Jrtil. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1694) 168 A great White Bear .. which he shot at, and fell’d her down. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India $ P. 41 On the top of a withered Stump sate perching a Chamelion ..I caused a Black .. to fell him with an Earthen Pellet. 1702 Pope Wife of Bath 416, I, with one buffet fell’d him on the floor. 1843 Lever % Hinton xxix, Straight between the eyes the weapon struck me, and felled me to the ground. 1852 R. F. Burton Falconry in Vail, of Indus v. 60 If two [hawks] are flown they are certain to fell the game. 1855 Smedley H. Covcrdale li, With one blow of this [fist] I be¬ lieve I could fell an ox. absol. c 1400 Melayne 266 Thay felde faste of oure chevalrye. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) I. 332 Bot still thai stude durst nother fell nor fle. 1542-5 Brinklow Lament. (1874) 86 When he striketh, he felleth to the grounde. t b. To fell along: to lay (a man) at full length. 1665 Dryden Indian Emp. 11. ii, I fell’d along a Man of bearded Face. 1668 — Evening's Love v. i, A huge giant seized my torch, and felled me along. t c. To kill. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 22903 (Cott.) An hungre leon .. pis wolf . .feld ant ete him al. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. xii. 65, I shal felle pat freke in a fewe dayes ! a 1400-50 Alexander 3011 (Dublin MS.) Full fele lleys may nott felle bott a few wasspez. 1681 Colvil Whigs Supplic. (1751) 58 They felled all our hens and cocks. d. Of a disease, hunger, etc. : To lay low, lay prostrate ; + to kill. Obs. exc. dial. c 900 BaedcCs Hist. iv. xvii. [xiii.] (1891) 302 Heo mid arleasre ywale fylde wa;ron. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 177 penne hit pat tuderinde wiSleod and cume 5 coSe oSer qualm and michel perof felleS. a 1605 Montgomerie Flyting 7U. Pohvart 305 The fersie, the falling-euill, that fels many freikes. 1665 Boyle Occas. Reft. 11. iii. (1845) 106 Feavers burn us. .Epilepsies fell us, Colicks tear us. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss., 1 Felled with his ailment ’, prostrate with sickness. fe. fig. To cast down, defeat, ruin, humiliate. Obs. Also dial, of anything startling: To ‘ knock (one) down\ c xooo Ags. Ps. (Thorpe) lxxiii. 22 [Ixxiv. 23] Fyll pa ofer hydigan. 4*1340 Hampole Psalter exxii. 1 Ill luf fellis us doun in til the erth. 1535 Coverdale Isa. x. 33 He shal . .fel the hie mynded. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. iv. i, Starke feld with brusing stroke of chance. 1855 Mrs. Gas- kf.ll North «$• 6*. xxxvi, ‘ I’m welly felled wi’ seeing him.’ 2 . To cut down (a tree). Also, t To fell down. a 1000 Riddles ii. 9 (Gr.) Ic. .beamas fylle. a 1300 Cursor M. 12395 (Cott.) He him suld sli timber fell. ?*22400 Morte Arth. 1247 He fellez forestez fele. 1520 Caxton's Chron. Eng. 11. nb/2 Brute caused to fell downe woddes. 1545 Brinklow Compl. xxiii. (1874) 58 Ye must fell down to the ground those rotten postys, the bisshops. 2577 B. Googe Hcresbach's Husb. 11. (1586) 105 b, The chesnut may bee felde every seventh yeere. 2667 Milton P. L. vi. 575 Oak or Firr With branches lopt in Wood or Mountain fell’d. 2725 De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 340 They found three trees .. and they .. felled and shaped them. 1869 Lecky Europ. Mor. II. i. 195 Gigantic forests were felled. absol. 1847 Marryat Childr. N. Forest xiii, They went out to fell at a cluster of small spruce fir about a mile off. f 3 . To break down, overthrow, knock down (a building, construction, or erection of any kind). a 2000 Crist 486 (Gr.) Hergas fyllaS. Ibid. 709 (Gr.) pa synsceaSan. .godes tempel. .fyldon. a 2000 Cross 73 (Gr.) pa us man fyllan onjan ealle to eor* 5 an. c 2290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 366/43 pe prince for wrathpe of his [seint Iacob’s] prechingue pe laddre a-doun gan felle. 2297 R. Glouc. (1724)526 A wynd..So grete yt com, pat yt velde mony hous adoun. c 2430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 4002 Amalek he smote on the crovn That twoo quarters he feld a-doun Of his helme. 2467 Mann. <$■ Househ. Exp. 172 The walls of the salte howses. .schal be felled or it be long. 2607 Top- sf.ll Serpents (1658) 785 The .. web .. if one throw or cast dust upon it..will rather be distended and stretched, then either undone, broken, or felled down. + b. To knock (fruit or leaves) off a tree. Obs. 2393 Langl. P. PI. C. xix. 128 That elde felde efte pat frut. 4:1400 Rom. Rose 912 Nyghtyngales .. The leeves felden as they flyen. + 4 . To cause to stumble; to trip up; in quot. fig. Obs. 4:975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. v. 29 Gif panne pin ege pa:t swipre faelle pec ahloca hit & awerp from 3 e. 2377 Langl. P. PI. B. iii. 126 Jowre fadre she felled porw fals biheste. t 5 . Without the notion of suddenness or vio¬ lence : To bring or let down, lower, abate. Obs. 422300 Cursor M. 1480 (Cott.) pan sal pai fel pat fals strijfi Ibid. 3376 (Cott.)pe mikel luue o rebecca pan feld pe soru o dame sarra. 2303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 890 Y shal 30W telle What shal best pys tempest felle. c 2330 — Chron. (1810)48 pe burgeis of London., said pei suld fond to felle Knoutes pride. 4:2400 Test. Loi'e 1. (2560) 275 b/2 My blisse and my mirth am felde. c 2430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 2722 His hote loue I shal fell. 24 .. How Goode Wif Taught hir Daughter 25 in Hazl. E. P. P. 49 Ne goe thou noght to tauerne thi wurchipe to felle. 4:2460 To7uneley Myst. (Surtees) 277 To felle alle fowlle defame. £2620 A. Hume Brit. Tongue (2865) 22 The Circumflex accent both liftes and felles the syllab that it possesseth. 6 . To stitch down (the wider of the two edges left projecting by a seam) so that it lies flat over the other edge and leaves a smooth surface on the under-side of the seam. Also, to fell a seam. [Etymological identity with the other senses is not certain ; but the general sense ‘ cause to fall ’ appears applicable.] 2758 Franklin Let. Wks. 2887 III. 7 It is to be sewed together, the edges being first felled down. 2842 Barham Ingot. Leg., Aunt Fanny , Each .. began working ..‘ Fell¬ ing the Seams’, and ‘whipping the Frill’. 2887 Spons* Househ. Managem., Workroom 891 Fel! down the turnings, or only overcast them. 2892 Weldon's Ladies' Jrnl. Oct. 73 This opening is turned in once on the wrong side, over which is felled a piece of binding. absol. 2862 M. T. Morrall Needle-making 42 I’m teach¬ ing little Mary to gather and to fell. Hence FeTling ppl. a. 2597 Daniel Civ. Wars iii. lxxv, Now wardes a felling blow, now strikes again. reliable (fe-lab’l), a. [f. Fell v. + -able.] That may be felled ; fit or ready to be cut down. 2582 Act 23 Eliz. c. 5 Preamb., Fellable Woods serving for Fewel. 2722 Loud. Gaz. No. 4837/3 A good Quantity of Timber, great part of it fellable. 1726 Diet. Rust. s.v. Tiller, A little Tree left to grow till it be fellable. 2830 Mrs. Bray Fitz of F. xii. (1884) 102 These woods cannot possibly be considered under the clause of caedua sylva, fellable wood. Fellage (fededg). rare. [f. as prec. + -age.] The action or process of felling or cutting down. 1839 Baii.ey Festus (1848) 4/2 Why score the young green bole For fellage ? Fellah (fe la). PI. fellaheen, fellahs, [a. Arab, fellah husbandman, f. falalia to till the soil.] A peasant in Arabic-speaking countries; in Eng. applied esp. to those of Egypt. 2743 Pococke Dcscr. East I. 277 The Mahometan inhabit¬ ants of Egypt are either original natives, in the villages call’d Filaws, or they are of the Arab race. 2802 Ami. Reg. 742 The Fellahs .. are the farmers and husbandmen of the country. 2856 Stanley Sinai % Pal. i. (1858) 22 note, ‘ Fellah ’ and ‘ Fellahin ’ the inhabitants of villages and culti¬ vated ground. 2877 A. B. Edwards Up Nile xxii. 724 Farther on, the brown Fellaheen, .are cutting clover. Felle, obs. form of Fall sbf, trap. Felled (feld), ppl. a. 1 [f. Fell v. + -ed D] 1 . Of timber : That has been cut doun. 2844 H. H. Wilson Brit. India III. 223 A thick abatis of felled trees and brushwood. 1865 Livingstone Zambesi 546 The felled wood was gathered into heaps. 2870 Morris Earthly Par. III. iv. 369 On a felled oaken tree We sat. 2 . Of a seam: Sewn down so as to be level with the material. 2885 Brietzcke & Roofer Plain Needltnuk. 29 A felled seam, when finished, must lie perfectly flat on both sides. Felled (feld), ppl. af [f. Fell sbj +-kd 2 .] Having a fell. Only in comb., as full felled, white- felled adjs. 2618 Chapman Hesiod I. 364 Full-fell’d sheep are shorn with festivals. 2867 Morris Jason xvi. 384 Lands where dwells the sluggish white-felled bear. t Felleous Cfe'l/bs), a. Obs. [f. L. felle-tis (f. fel gall) + -ous.] = Biliary. 2684 tr. Bond's Merc. Compit. vi. 232 When the felleous humour..is voided upwards. Ibid. xix. 689 The felleous Ferment. 1884 in Syd. Soc, Lex. 143 FELLOW. FELLER. Feller (fe-bi). [f. Fell v. + -er L] One who or that which fells. 1 . One who knocks down (a person^, lit. and fig. a 1400 Cord. Afyst. (Shales. Soc.) 159 Heyl ! ffellere of the fende ! fi6n Chapman Iliad xv. 475 Whose fall when Meges view’d, He let fly at his feller’s life. 2 . One who cuts down (timber) ; a wood-cutter. 1466 Mann. llousck. Exp. 346 Item, to ij. fellers of tymbre. .viij.d. 1553 Act 7 Edvu. VI, c. 7 § 1 The Penalty .. dependeth .. not upon the .. Feller of the same [Fuel]. 1650 T. B. Worcester's Apoph. 80 The hatchet of one of the fellers chanc’d to strike out a chip. 17.. Eliz. Carter Lett. (1808) 410 The Hamadryads, .will scream in the ears of the feller.till he drops his axe. 1790 Burns Ep. to R. Graham xiii. The rooted oaks would fly, Before th* ap¬ proaching fellers. 1859 R- F* Burton Centr. A/r. in Jrnl. Geog. Soc. XXIX, Trees .. against which no feller has come up. [After Isa. xiv. 8. ] 3 . An attachment to a sewing machine for 1 fell¬ ing* (see Fell v. 6). 1874 in Knight Diet. Meek. Fell-fare, var. of Fieldfare. t Fe llhead. Obs. rare. In 4 felhede. [f. Fell a. + -head.] = Fellness. 1340 Ayenb. 29 pe felhede of herte huerof comep vale bo3es. Ibid. 159 Loue : a-ye enuye. Mildnesse : a-ye fel¬ hede. Fellic (fe lik), a. [f. L. fell-, fel gall + -ic.] Only in Fellic acid (see quot. 1S89). 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fellic acid, same as Fellinic acid. 1889 Muir & Morley Watts' Diet. Client. II. 537 Fellic acid C23 H J0 O, [120°], an acid said to accompany cholic acid in human bile. + Fe llicate, v. Obs.-° [f. late L. fellicat-, ppl. stem of fellicdre, f. L. fellare to suck.] Irans. To suck. 1623-6 in Cockeram. Felliducous (fedidi^kas), a. [f. late L. fel- lidiic-us (f. L. fel gall, bile + diic-ere to lead) + -OUS.] (See quot.) 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex. % Felliducous , term applied to reme¬ dies inducing a flow of bile ; cholagogue. Fellifluous (feli fl«os\ a. [f. late \^.fellif ti¬ ns (f. fel gall + flucre to flow) + -ous.] Flowing with gall. 1656-81 in Blount Glossogr. 1721-1800 in Bailey. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. Felling 1 (fe*lig), vbl. sb. [f. Fell v. + -ingL] 1 . The action or an act of cutting down (timber); cotier, the quantity cut down. In quot. 1654 gerundially with omission of in. 1543 Act 35 Hen. VIII , c. 17 § 1 Such Standils. .as have been left there standing at any the felling of the same Coppice Woods. 1624 Capt. Smith Virginia v. 194 The felling of marked trees appointed for bounds. 1651 R. Child in Hartlib's Legacy (1655) 47 They every felling cut down the standers, which they left the felling before. 1654 Evelyn Mem. (1857) I- 3 ° 2 Saw my Lord Craven’s house..now in ruins, his goodly woods felling by the rebels. 1663 Gerbier Counsel 109 No other cost but felling and lading. 1884 Sir E. Fry in Law Reports 28 Ch. Div. 231 They have treated the . .fellings of larch trees as income to be paid to the tenant. J*b. ? concr. A clearing. Obs. (If this be the sense, the word in quot. is due to misinterpretation of fell = mountain, in an earlier text.) a 1300 Cursor M. 2832 (Gott.) Make 3e in pe plain na duelling, Til }e bi comen to 3one felling. + 2 . Sc. ‘ Lowering, down-bringing ; abatement, deduction * (Jam. Snpp .). Obs. Cf. Fell v. 5. c 1300 St at. Gilde xxviil. in Anc. Laws Burghs Scot. 77 Pacabit mercatori a quo predicta emerat secundum forum prius factum sine felling uel herlebreking. 3 . (See Fell v. 6.) 1875 Plain Needlework 11 Here are taught hemming .. felling, and fixing. 4 . altrib. and Conib., as felling-axe, - machine , •saw, - time ; felling-bird, the Wryneck ( Yunx tor quit la). i486 Nottingham Rec. III. 244 For a grete fellyng axe. 1549 Privy Council Acts ii. (1890) 350 Felling axes, l: hatchetes, /. Ibid. 349 Felling axes, iiij dousen. 1669 Worlidge Sysl. Agric. (1681) 109 The best way is at felling¬ time to new cut them. 1691 Lond. Gaz. No. 2675/3, 20 Men with Felling Axes. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech., Felling-saw. 1877 N IV. Line. Gloss., Felling axe, an axe with a long and narrow head used for felling trees. 1883 Hampsh. Gloss., Felling-bird .. its note being first heard about the time, .when oaks are felled. Fellinic (felimik), a. Chem . [f. L. fell-, fel gall + -in + -ic.] Fellinic acid : a. see quot. 1884 ; b. see quot. 1887. 1845 G. E. DAy tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. I. 48 Cholinic and fellinic adds are associated in the alcoholic solution. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fellinic acid C 50 H ?6 () 6 4 HO, an acid obtained, according to Berzelius, by treating bile with hydrochloric acid. 1887 Lancet 31 Dec. 1319/2 A new acid .. has been discovered by Schotten in human bile, and named fellinic acid. t Fellish, a.' Oh. rare. [f. Fell sb.- + -ish.] Pertaining to or resembling a fell. 1570 Levins Manip. 145 Fellish, montanus. + Fe llish, a .2 Obs. rare . [f. Fell a. + -ish.] Somewhat fell or fierce. r 1650 Brathwait Barnabecs Jrnl. (1818) 121 Never was wild boare more fellish. FeTlmo.nger. [f. Fell sb. 1 + Monger.] A dealer in skins or hides of animals, esp. sheep-skins. 1530 Palsgr. 219/2 Felmongar, megissier. 1681 Otway Soldier's Fort. iv. i, A frouzy Fellmonger. 1745 Dc Foe's Eng. Tradesman II. xlvii. 188 The wool being taken from the skin by the fellmonger. 1834 Brit. Husb. 1 . 423 Fell- mongers’ poake. .is the waste arising from the preparation of skins. 1869 Blackmore Lorna D. ii, Shopkeepers' sons, young grocers, fellmongers, &c. Hence FeTlmomgery, the craft or calling of a fellmonger ; in quot. attrib. x 759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. 1 . 393 Likewise a good Trade in the Felmongery Business. Fellness (ferines). [f. Fell a. + -ness.] The quality of being * fell *: see senses of the adj. 1 . Fierceness, harshness, cruelty; + sternness, severity. Now (exc. in north, dial.) only poet, and rhetorical: Appalling cruelty, malignity, or de¬ structive effect. c 1380 VVyclif Serrn. SeJ. Wks. 1 . 55 Opir servantis. .tellen to God pis fellies and preien him of venjance. 1387TREVISA Higden (Rolls) VI I. 151 [Gregory VI] a man of religioun and felnes [Lat. severitatis]. a 1400 Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. (1867) 27 J>is worde Gaste sowunes sumvvhate into felle- nes. <1440 Gesta Rom. xci. 417 (Add. MS.) In a grete felnesse and angre he sente messyngers for the foxe. 1587 Misfortunes A rthur iv. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley IV. 323 No fear nor fellness fail’d on either side. 1678 R. L’Estrange Seneca's Mor.{\lod) 207 There is a Ghastly kind of Felness in the Aspect of a Vlad Dog. 1719 Young Busiris 1. i, Such was the fellness of his boiling rage. 1814 Cary Dante (Chandos ed.) 125 Look how that beast to felness hath relaps’d From having lost correction of the spur. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. GV. VI. xv. xiii. 98 A fellness of humour against Friedrich. b. Keenness, fierceness (of wind, etc.); angry painfulness. Obs. exc. dial. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. 1. vi. 25 pe felnesse of the wynde. 1642 Rogers Naaman 466 If that [the felon upon the hand] were out the felnesse would cease. + 2 . Shrewdness, wisdom. Obs. 1382 Wyclif Job v. 13 That caccheth wise men in ther felnesse. 1382 — Prov. i. 4 That felnesse be }eue to litle childer. Felloe (fe'lfl'O, felly (fe - li). Forms: a. i fels, ( pi. felga), 4 feleyijhe, 5 felghe. P. 5 felwe, felow; e, 6 fallow, 6-7 fellow, 6- felloe. 7. 3-5 fely, vely, (pi. 3 velieu, -on); 6-8' Sc. filly, 7 fally, 7-8 fellee, 8 felley, 6- felly. 5 . 7 felllf, felfe, 9 dial, felf, felve, felt, 7-8 fell. [OF .felg str. fem. corresponds to MDu., Du. velge, OHG. felga (mod.Ger. felge). Possibly cognate with OTeut. *felhan (see Fele v.), in the sense ‘ to fit together ’ (recorded for the OHG .felahan). The diversity of forms is due to the varying pronunciation of the OE. depending on the nature of the sound which followed it in the inflected cases. In the plural felga it was the voiced guttural spirant, which in late ME. developed into w, producing the 0 forms. In the dative felge it was the voiced palatal spirant, and this very early became vocalized as i, whence the y forms. The 8 forms are due to the normal unvoicing of theg where it was final, viz. in the nom. and accus. sing. ; the resulting sound (\) eventually developed into (f), as in laugh , enough, etc.; in some dialects, however, it became (k>, and in others was dropped. (With the forms felf felk , cf. the Derbyshire place-name now variously spelt Belph , Belk , but in 13th c. Belgh ) In England the forms felloe, felly seem to be equally in good use; in the U.S .felly appears to be preferred.] The exterior rim, or a part of the rim, of a wheel, supported by the spokes. In pi. the curved pieces of wood which, joined together, form the circular rim of a wheel. a. c 888 K. jElfred Boeth. xxix. § 7 iElces spacan hip oper ende faest on psere nafe, oper on Saere felge. c 1000 ^Elfric Gloss, in Wr.-Wiilcker 106 Cantus, felga. la 1400 Morte A rth. 3309 He fongede faste one pe feleyghes. 1485 Inv. in Ripon Ch. Acts 373 Decern gang de felghes. 3 * 14.. Nom. in Wr.-Wulcker 727 Hec cantus, a felowe. 141X Nottingham Rec. II. 86, xj. felowes, vd. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 154/2 Felwe of a qwele .. cantus. 1552 Huloet, Fallowes or straikes of a carte. 1572 Wills Inv. N. C. (Surtees) I. 349 Fellowes for wheles \s. 1611 Cotgr., I antes, the fellowes of a wheele. 1688 R. Holme Armoury hi. 327/2, I find .. a Felloe, and two Spokes fixed to a peece of a Nave. 1731 Beighton in Phil. Trans. XXXVII. 5 Four Rings, or Sets of Felloes. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. (1872) I. v. vi. 166 Never over nave or felloe did thy axe strike such a stroke. 1863 Whyte Melville Gladiators I. 14 The very spokes and felloes of the wheels were carved in patterns. y. a 1225 Juliana 56 purh spiten hit al spaken ant tielien. 1382 Wyclif i Kings vii. 33 The spokys and the felijs and the naue. 14. . Meir. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 628 Vely, canti. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 5 Nathes, spokes, fellyes, and dowles. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 11. ii. 517 Breake all the Spokes and Fallies from her wheele. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. 11. (1626) 24 On siluer Spokes the golden Fellies rol’d. 1745 Ba>erley Beck Act ii. 4 Wheels, .shall be made to contain the full breadth of nine inches in the felley. 1773 Franklin Lett. Wks. 1840 VI. 383 The new art of making carriage wheels, the fellies of one piece. 1880 L. Wallace Ben-Hur 209 Bronze tires held the fellies, which were of shining ebony. 8. 1598 Chapman Iliad iv. 525 The FeU’fls or out-parts of a wheele. Ibid. v. 732 The Axle-tree was steele The Felfles incorruptible gold. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 35 To . .see that the axle-trees and felfes of the waines bee sownde and firme. 1681 W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 600 The fells or streaks of a cart, radii. 1799 G. Smith Laboratory I. 27 The nave .. in which the joiners glue the spokes, according to the number of the fells. 1877 N. W. Line. Gloss., Felfs. 1888 Sheffield Gloss., Felk. b. attrib . and Comb., as felly-timber. In names of machines or implements used in making fellies, as felly-auger , - dresser. Also felly-coupling. 1874 Knight Did. Mech., * Felly-auger, a hollow auger for fashioning the round tenon on the end of a spoke. Ibid., * Felly-coupling, a box for enclosing the adjacent ends of fellies in the riin of a wheel. Ibid., * Felly-dresser, a machine for dressing the edges of fellies. 1649 Blithe Eng. huprov . Impr. (1652) 167 Good for ^felly-timber also. Fellon(e, obs. forms of Felon. Fello-plastic, var. f. of Phelloplastic. 1802 W. Taylor in Memoir I. 416. Fellow (fe*l a cyningas [Eadmund and Cnut] .. wurdon feola^an & wedbroSra .. & feng h a Eadmund cyng to West Sexan & Cnut to ]> am norddaele. c 1250 Gen. Ex. 1761 Min mog, min r.eue, and felawe. a 1300 Cursor M. 7648 (Cott.) Ionathas, To dauid tru felau.. was. 1389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 30 Y e alderman & his felas. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 153/2 Fela, or felow yn offyee, collega. c 1466 Sir J. Paston jn Lett. No. 566 II. 295, I wolde nat that myn oncle William scholde cawse hym to take on hym as hys felawe. 1534 Whitinton Tullyes Offices I. (1540)65 Pericles, .had a felowe in offyee in his Mayraltie. 1546 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 226 Item, to Peter the sawyer and his felowe, for sawyng the tables. 1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1610) 177 Friends and fellowes of the Romans. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 294 Time and Heat are Fellows in many Effects. + b. In a bad sense: An accomplice. Obs. exc. as contextual use of 2. C1340 Cursor M. 18416 (Trin.) Tewes me honged ihesu bi syde Me & my felowe. 1382 Wyclif Isa. i. 23 Thi princes .. felawes of theues. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 154/1 Felowys, y-knytte to-gedyr in wykydnesse, complices. C1500 Nut- Brown Maid 134 It were a curssed dede ; To be felow with an out-lavve. a 1533 Frith Disput. Purgatorye Diij, The bodye was felowe & pertener with thesoule in commyttynge the cryme. 1579 Tomson Calvin's Serrn. Tim. 911/1 We thinke we are quit and innocent, if wee bee able to say, wee are not the first, and wee haue a great sort of fellowes. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xxi, Rothsay and his fellows .. were in the street in mask. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 116 His fellows rescued him and beat the hangman, f c. A partaker, sharer of Obs. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus. vi. 10 A frend, felawe of the bord [1388 felowe of table], c 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. 895 Thisbe, 1 wol be felawe & cause eek of thy deeth. C1400 Apol. Loll. 49 J?is is. .to wylen to mak God felow of J>is violence. 1545 Primer Hen. VIII (1546) 68 Felow of Thy Fathers light. 1611 Shaks. Wint. T. in. ii. 39 Behold me, A Fellow of the Royall Bed. 1667 Milton P. L . 1. 606 The fellows of his crime. 2 . In vaguer use: One that is associated with another in habitual or temporary companionship ; a companion, associate, comrade. Now rare exc. in pi., or with const, in. c izoo Vices <$• Virtues (1888) 139 He liS fram alle hise fela\v'3es. < 1350 Will. Paleme 4888 pemperour & he .. felawes hade beene. 1387 T revisa Higden (Rolls) V. 397 Austyn com.. wi]> fourty felawes. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 154/1 Felow yn walkynge by [>e way, comes. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 163 b, Pryuate prayer that they saye by themselfe, or with a felowe. 1611 Bible Jonah i. 7 They said euery one to his fellow; Come, and let vs cast lots. 1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. 1. 32 Felicitas with her seven Sons, were, .fellowes in martyrdome. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. iv. 8 Brave men, their fellows in arms. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 64 They, being separated from their fellows, were obligea to fly. 1797 Lamb Lett. (1888) I. 75 A friend should never be reduced to beg an alms of his fellow. 1874 Morley Compromise^ 1885)111 The little circle of his fellows which constitutes the world of a man. Proverb, r 1590 Marlowe Faust, ii. Wks. (Rtldg.) 82/1 Ask my fellow if I be a thief. 1610 A. Cooke Pope Joan in Ilarl. Misc. (Malh.) IV. 40. 1678 Bunyan Pilgr. 1. 201. t b. Less frequently said of women. Obs. c 1330 Florice <$• BI. 509 (1857) Clarice .. said to Blaunche- flour Felawe knouestou thou ought this flour, c 1340 0 /r.wr M. 8607 (Fairf.) To hir felaw ho putt J>at barne pat hir-self had for-fame. 14.. Prose Legends in Anglia VIII. 194 She wente wip confessours hir felowes, pat were wymen. 1598 Yong Diana 301 The Nymphes our fellowes. 1611 Bible Judg. xi. 37 She said .. Let me alone two moneths, that I may goe vp and downe vpon the mountaines. .1, and my fellowes [1885 (Revised) companions]. t e- fig- a 1300 Cursor AT. 29051 (Cott.) Fasting agh .. To haf foluand pir four felaus, Fredom, gladdeschipe, houe, and FELLOW. 144 FELLOW. time, c i 72 o Cast. Love 508 Wysdam is not worth an ha we But Pes therwyth be felawe. c 1400 Dcstr. Troy 4842 Who so frend is & felow to J>at foule vise. 1548 Hall C/iron. 8 Good hope .. is the best felowe and companion. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach s Husb. 1. (1586) 12 Order is a jolly felowe. + d. of animals. Obs. c 1300 St. Brandon 213 The fowel. .to his felawes wende. c 1340 Gaw. «$• Gr. Knt. 1702 A kenet kryes perof, pe hunt on hym calles, His fela3es fallen hym to. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach s Husb. iv. (1586) 161 Those .. eate up either their owne Egges or their fellowes. 1692 R. L’Estrange Fables cccxxx, A Certain Shepherd had One Favourite Dog.. and took more Care of him. .then of any of his Fellows, e. of things. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb . in. 553 In delues breef this Cannes eyon doo, And iche half a foote his felawe froo. 1697 Dryden Virgil Postcript, If the last ALneid shine amongst its fellows. 1725 Pope Odyss. m. 383 Five tall barks the winds and waters tost Far from their fellows. 1871 Free¬ man Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xviii. 201 A height of less elevation than some of its fellows. 3 . a. Good or jolly fellow : an agreeable or pleasant companion ; usually, one who is fond of feasting and good company, a convivialist; = 1 boon companion In pi. a set of jolly or sociable com¬ panions. + To he playing the good fellow : to be enjoying oneself in gay company. c 1305 Pilate 34 in E. E. P. (1862) 112 For pnt on was god and pat oper schrewe : gode febwes neuere hi nere. c 1386 Chaucer Prol. 395 He was a good felawe. c 1450 Merlin 318 Thei wente to sitte doune alle v togeder as goode felovves and trewe. 1535 Coverdale Ecclus. xiii. 6 He shal be a good felowe with thee. 1570 Buchanan Ane Admo- nitioun Wks. (1892) 24 Ministens gettis all and leavis na thing to gude fallowis. 1640 Bastwick Lord Bps. vii. G b, They fill themselves with strong drinke, and are good Fellows. 1667 Pepys Diary 14 Oct., I suppose he is playing the good fellow in the town. 1813 L. Hunt in Examiner 15 Feb. 98/2 A Rale .. we should interpret by the phrase oily Fellow. 1870 Emerson Soc. < 5 * Solit. Wks. (Bohn) II. 2 Good fellows, fond of dancing, port, and clubs. 1884 W. C. Smith Kildrostan 62 Sick of clubs and jolly fellows. t b. Goodfellow : a docile, manageable or tract¬ able person or thing. Obs. *576 Turberv. Venerie 101 When .. you perceyve she beginnes to bee muche better fellowe.. and that shee seemeth to beginne to be reclaymed. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. 1. 31 The Oate is not daungerous in the choyse of his grounde, but groweth lyke a good fellowe in euery place. Ibid. hi. 128 Whiche wyll make him [a steere] in three dayes, as good a fellowe as you woulde wishe him to be. 1639 Lady Denton in Vcr?iey Papers (1853) 274 The childe was feloe good a nofe in my house. c. Fellow well-met : a boon companion. To be {hail) fellow well met : to be on terms of free and easy companionship with (a person). 1581 Pettie Guazzd s Civ. Conv. in. (1586) 171 Being as you say haile fellow well met with his servant. 1858 Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. I. xxxvi. 137 The High Church Tory, .offers, .to be fellow well met with any of them. 1885 W. J. Fitzpatrick Life of T. N. Burke I. 308 The best fellow-well-met in the world. 4 . The complementary individual of a pair ; the mate, ‘ marrow \ t a. Of a person : The consort, spouse, husband or wife. Also of animals. Obs. a 1300 Cursor Al. 9405 (Cott.) He wroght a felau of his ban Till adam. c 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 6 Eve, my felow, how thynk the this? 1538 in Pitcairn Crim. Trials Scot. I. 251* His [the King’s] derrest fallow the Quene. a 1592 H. Smith Serm. (1631) 16 It is good for man to haue a fellow. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 224 When they be but heifers of one 3 r eare. .they are let go to the fellow and breed. 1610 Shaks. Temp. 111. 1. 84, I am your wife, if you will marrie me .. to be your fellow, You may denie me; but I’ll be your seruant. b. That which makes a pair with something else ; a counterpart, match. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V, iv. viii. 42 Giue me thy Gloue Souldier; Looke, heere is the fellow of it. 1623 Sir R. Boyle Diary (1886) II. 85, I gaue Sir W 111 parsons Lady a fair bay coach gelding and am to send her a fellow to him. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 86 p 6 In .. such Cases the Soul and the Body do not seem to be Fellows. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) I. iii. 53 Two shoes that were not fellows. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. xxxi. 430, I ran. .throwing off first one mitten and then its fellow to avoid pursuit. 1874 Car¬ penter Ment. Phys. i.Ji. § 68 While one leg was convulsed, its fellow remained quiet. c. That which matches or resembles another; the like. 1605 Shaks. Macb. 11. iii. 68 Macb. ’Twas a rough Night. Lcn. My young remembrance cannot paralell A fellow to it. 1668 R. L’Estrange Vis. Quev. (1708) 310 So terrible an Uproar, and Disorder in Hell, that, .the oldest Devil never knew the Fellow of it. 1741 Richardson Pamela (1824) I. xxix. 46 Four other shifts, one the fellow to that I have on. 1871 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876; IV. xviii. 240 His march must, .havebeen the fellow of the great march which carried Harold from London to Stamfordbridge. 1884 J. Payne 1001 Nights IX. 101 The watch, whose fashion also is of my own invention, nor is there the fellow of it in Bassora. d. quasi-a^. An equivalent to ; a match with. 1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. 1. i, Had his estate beene fellow to his mind. ? 1674 Lady Chawortii in Hist. MSS. Comm. 12th Rep. App. v. 27 A very old perspective almost fellow to that you have. 1858 Bushnell Serm. New Life 33 They, .have nothing fellow to God in their substance. 5 . One who shares with another in any attribute ; one belonging fo the same class : a. in position or rank: An equal, peer. Now chiefly pi. C 123011 ali Meid. 19 Engles hwas felahes ha beo& a 1300 Cursor M. 22778 (Cott.) pir men sal be pan his felaghes. a 1340 Hampole Psalter xx i. 21 Proude men pat raises paim up singulerly & suffers na felaghis. 1456 How Wise Man taught Son 132 in Hazl. E. P. P. I. 175 Thy wyfe. .Thof sche be servant in degre, In som degre sche felaw ys. 1529 in Fiddes Wolsey 11. (1726) 173 He us’d himself more like a Fellow to your Highness than like a subject. 2580 Godly Admonition in Liturg. Serv. Q. Eliz. (Parker Soc.) 573 Servants are become, .fellows with masters. 1600 Fairfax tr. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne 1. xii, His fellowes late, shall be his subjects now. 1721-1800 in Bailey. b. in ability, qualities or value : A ‘'match \ 1428 Sc. Ad 22 pas. /, 1 Mar. (Record ed. II. 15/1), Of their rentis, ilk punde sal be vtheris fallowe to the contribu¬ tion of pe said Costes. c 1450 Holland Howlatg 13 So fair is my fetherem I haf no falowe. 1551 Robinson tr. More s Utop. I. (Arb.) 28 I n reasonynge, and debatyng of matters.. he hadde few fellowes. 1583 Hollyband Campo di E'ior 53 Varro .. amongest the learned maisters of this schoole hath no fellows. 1687 T. Brown Saints in Uproar’Wks. 1730 I. 73 St. Longinus and St. Amphibalus. .have not their fellows in the almanack. 1738 Swift Directions to Servants, Feeling has no fellow. 1751 Smollett Per. Pic. (1870) I. xii. 57 Mr. Jennings is gone, and Mr. Keypstick will never meet with his fellow. 1892 Nation (N.Y.) 8 Dec. 435/1 The strange poetic nature, .has had no fellow unless in Rembrandt. c. in kind: One’s fellow-man, ‘neighbour’; also of things: Another of the sort. 1477 Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dides 11 Wyl noon of you do to your felowe otherwyse than ye wolde be don to. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. 11. xvii. 87 Irrational creatures .. as long as they be at ease .. are not offended with their fellowes. 1764 Goldsm. Trav. 62 Some spot. .Where my worn soul.. May gather bliss to see my fellows blest. 1818 Byron Mazeppa iii, Danger levels man and brute, And all are fellows in their need. 1868 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1877) II. viii. 241 There was no acknowledged legal right in churl, .to make open war upon his fellow. d. A contemporary. Chiefly pi. 1874 Green Short Hist. vii. § 7. 425 Shakspere had now passed far beyond his fellows. 1886 Swinburne Middleton in 19 thCent. Jan. 138 Fellows and followers of Shakespeare. 6. One of a company or party whose interests are common ; a member. £1386 Chaucer Reeve's T. 191 Men woln us foies calle, Bathe the wardeyn, and eek our felaws alle. c 1450 Merlin 171 A felowe of the rounde table, c 1450 Robin Hoode <$- Monk lxxx. in Child Ballads (1888) v. cxix. 100/2, ‘ I make pe maister’, seid Robyn Hode ..‘ Nay. .lat me be a felow’, seid Litull John. 1481 Caxton Myrr. 1. v. 22 He recorded their resons heeryng alle the felawys. 1547-64 Bauldwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.i 120 One vicious fellow destroyeth a whole companie. 1592 West 1st Pt. Symbol. § 27 B, The generall societie of goodes .. extendeth to all thinges of the partners or fellowes. 1871 R. Ellis Catullus lxii. 32 Sisters, Hesper a fellow of our bright company. 7 . In college and university use : a. orig. The name (corresponding to the Latin socius ) given to the incorporated members of a college or collegiate foundation (whether in a University or otherwise : see College 4) ; one of the company or corporation who, with their head, constitute a ‘ college ’; e. g. ‘ the Provost and Fellows of Chelsea College, of Eton College, or King’s College, Cambridge ’ ; * the Warden and Fellows of All Souls, Oxford’. In colleges chiefly devoted to the purposes of study and education, the Fellows were, in early usage, often included tinder the term scholars', the latter term is, in later use, mostly restricted to junior members of the foundation, who are still under tuition, the term fellow being applied to the Senior Scholars, who have graduated, or otherwise passed out of the stage of tutelage. In those colleges that have become educational institutions, undertaking the school or university teaching of youths not on the foundation, the Fellows consist of those graduate members who have been co-opted upon the foundation with emoluments from its corporate revenue, and who constitute with their Head (usually elected by themselves from their own number) the governing body of the institution. Most colleges of this class have now also Honorary Fellows , who receive no emoluments, and have no share in the government. When a distinguished man vacates his fellowship, he is often elected an honorary fellow. C1449 Pecock Repr. 111. xviii. 401 That the maister and the felawis kepe the statutis of the collegis. 1511-2 Act 3 Hen. VIII , c. 22 § 5 Any .. persone being fellowe or scoler of any of the said Colleges. 1644 Hunton Vind. Treat. Monarchy v. 41 In the Colledges, the Fellowes have an effectuall, and more then morall limiting Power. 1691 Wood Ath. Ox on. I. 17 Thomas Lynacre .. was chosen Fellow of Allsouls Coll, in 1484. a 1704 T. Brown Table Talk in Coll, of Poems 124 Nothing is so Imperious, as a Fellow of a Colledge upon his own Dunghil. 1843 Cole¬ ridge in Stanley A mold's Life <$• Corr.{ 1844) I. i. 9 Twenty fellows and twenty scholars, with four exhibitioners, form the foundation [of Corpus]. 1886 Laurie Led. Rise Univ. xiii. 247 It was thus a college composed solely of ‘ Fellows’. b. On the analogy of the preceding use, the designation ‘ Fellows ’ is now applied, in some universities, to the holders of certain stipendiary positions (called ‘ Fellowships ’) tenable by elected graduates for a limited number of years, on con¬ dition of pursuing some specified branch of study. The Radcliffe and the Craven Travelling Fellowships are the only, examples in the ancient English Universities. Fellowships in this sense have been founded in the Scottish Universities, in the University of Durham and the Victoria University ; and in some universities and colleges in the U.S. 1888 Histor. Reg. Univ. Oxf. no Every Fellow is re¬ quired to spend at least eight months of each year of his tenure of the [Craven] Fellowship abroad. Ibid. 112 The first two Fellows were elected [to Radclifle’s Travelling Fellowships] in July 1715 1892-3 Edin. Univ. Cal. 537 Scholars, Bursars, or Fellows must apply to the Convener of the Science Degrees Committee. c. In some of the younger British universities and colleges, and in some of those in the U.S., the * Fellows * are the members of the governing or administrative body; in others the title is merely honorary, conferred as a special distinction on a limited number of graduates. Cf. sense 8. *837 Charter Univ. Lond ., The Chancellor, Vice-Chan¬ cellor, and Fellows, .shall constitute the Senate of the said University. 8. The title given in various learned societies, either to all their members (as in the Royal Society, the Society of Antiquaries), or to a specially privi¬ leged class among them. In the case of the Royal Society, the official Latin equiva¬ lent is sodalis. 1664 ( title\ A List of the Fellows of the Royal Society. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 15 p 2 A Fellow of the Royal Society, who had writ upon Cold Baths. 1801 Med. Jrnl. V. 314 A Fellow, that is, any Member who resides within seven miles of London. 1886 Act 49-50 Viet. c. 48 § 6 A fellow of a college of physicians. + b. A bencher of an Inn of Court. Obs. 1536 Wriothesley Chron. (1875) I. 57 An atturney of the lawe and felowe of Graies Inne. + c. Fellow of the {order of the) Garter = Knight of the Order of the Garter. Obs. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 46 The full noble knight, a felow of the Garter, ser Johan Chaundos. 1584 Powel Lloyd's Cambria 397 Chosen to be Fellowe of the order of the Garter. 9 . A familiar synonym for : Man, male person. (Cf. Companion 5, and F. compagnon.) a. with qualifying adj., as good, bad, brave, clever, foolish, old, young, etc., and in phrases like what a fellow, etc. (Cf. 3, from which this use was app. a development). Poor fellow : often used exclamatorily as an expression of pity. C1440 York Myst. xvii. 31, I hope I haue her felaws fonde. 1549 Latimer Ploughers (Arb.) 29 Moyses was a wonderful felowe, and dyd his dutie being a maried man. 1570-6 Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826)280 This our good fellow was not so cunning (belike) as Dionysius was. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. 11. 105 Vitruuius an excellent fellowe in building. 1607 Shaks. Timon 1. i. 229 Thou hast fegin’d him a worthy Fellow. 1642 Rogers Naaman 108 Precise preachers and zealous fellowes. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 48 p 4 ,1 am an old Fellow, and extremely troubled with the Gout. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones xi. vii, You don’t know what a devil of a fellow he is. 1752 Hume Ess. <$• Treat . (1777) II. 313 A good-natured, sensible fellow. 1811 Combe Devil upon Two Sticks (1817) VI. 40 A most pleasant fellow of a clergyman. 1857 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 330 He looked dreadfully weak still, poor fellow 1 b. used in familiar address in phrases, my dear felloiv, my good fellow (the latter now implying a tone of remonstrance or censure), oldfellow. 1836 Marryat Midsh, Easy xxii, I’ll tell you how it is, my * dear fellow. c. In some dialects, and in unceremonious col¬ loquial speech {esp. among young men), used with¬ out adj. as the ordinary equivalent for ‘ man ’. A fellow : often = ‘ one’, ‘anybody’, vaguely indi¬ cating the speaker himself. 1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. ix, They don’t deny themselves the pleasure of looking at a fellow as if he were a Turk. 1865 H. Kingsley Hillyars <$* B. xii, The names of the fellows who got bailed up by young Hillyar. d. applied by schoolboys to themselves and each other. (Possibly orig. a use of sense 6; not now so apprehended.) c 1838 in Stanley Arnold I. 157 * He calls us fellows', was the astonished expression of the boys when, .they heard him speak of them by the familiar name in use among themselves. 1844 J. T. Hewlett Parsons <$• W. xv, One of our ‘old fellowsas we used to call those who had left school. Mod. After morning school some of our fellows went for a spin. e. jocularly applied to an animal or a thing. 1816 Scott Antiq. xxi, The red cock’s, .been roasting, puir fallow, in this dark hole. 1828 — F. M. Perth ii, This fellow (laying his hand on his purse).. was semewhat lank and low in condition. 10 . fa. Used as the customary title of address to a servant or other person of humble station. Obs. In 14th c. it implied polite condescension, = ‘comrade’, ‘ my friend ’ (cf. mod.F. mon ami similarly used). In Shak- spere’s time this notion had disappeared, but the word when addressed to a servant does not seem to have necessarily implied haughtiness or contempt, though its application to one not greatly inferior was a gross insult (cf. c). c 1350 Will , Palerne 275 pemperour .. clepud to him pe couherde & curteysly seide; now telle me, felawe .. sei pou euer pemperour ? c 1477 Caxton Jason 23 Vaissale or felawe [orig. vassal] thou hast done me now the most grettest dis¬ honour. 15.. King <$• Hermit 328 in Hazl. E. P. P. I. 25 Unto the knave seyd the frere Ffelow, go wy3tly here. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. iv. i. 103 Thou fellow, a word. Who gaue thee this Letter? 1594 — Rich. Ill , 1x2. ii. 108 Gramercie fellow: there, drinke that for me. + b. One of the common people. Obs. c 1430 Freemasonry 99 Of lord ny felow, whether he be, Of hem thou take no maner of fe. 1483 Caxton G , de la Tour L iv b, Of lordes and of felawes. c. contemptuously. A person of no esteem or worth. ri44o York Myst. xxiv. 3 pis felowe. .we with folye fande. x 535 Coverdale Micah ii. 12 A fleshly felowe and a preacher of lyes, c 1570 Sempill Ballates x. (1872) 54 This .. fallow of na kin .. Begouth to reule. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill , v. iii. 325 A paltry Fellow, Long kept in Britaine at our FELLOW 145 FELLOW-CREATURE. Mothers cost, A Milke-sop. c 1660 South Serttt. John vii. 17 Serm. 1715 1 .229 Fellows that set up for Messias’s. 1734 Pope Ess. Aleut iv. 203 Worth makes the man, the want of it the fellow. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones xvn. ii, You., have so disdainfully called him fellow, a 1776 Lizie Wan vii. in Child Ballads 11. li. (1884) 448/2, I see by thy ill colour Some fallow’s deed thou hast done. 1826 Disraeli Viv. Grey v. xiii, This is some vile conspiracy of your own, fellow. 1837 Dickens Pickw. xv, ‘Sir’, said Mr. Tupman, ‘you're a fellow ’. 1884 Pae Eustace 68 ‘ The fellow’s drunk ejaculated Randolph. II. attrib . and Comb . 11 . appositively (quasi-#*#’.). Prefixed to sbs., forming an unlimited number of quasi-compounds (in which the use of the hyphen is optional). Equivalent to the earlier Even- Comb . 2, and to Co-, Joint a. No instances of this use are found in our material earlier than Tindale and Coverdale 1534-5; felow-bachelcr is printed in Gower Con/. III. 292, but the best MSS. have felon or feloun ; Palsgrave 1530 has felow man , woman, but here the second word is only added for distinction. Cf. quot. c 1400 in a. a. Denoting a person or thing that agrees with another in belonging to the designated class, as in fellow-angel , -apostle , -being, -bishop , - Christian, -fault, -man, - planet, - sinner, -worm ; Fellow- creature. 1625 Quarles Fun. Eleg. vii, It sigh’d. .To be. .enthron’d Among his *fellow Angells. 1647 Sanderson Serm. II. 218 He taught Judas to be so much wiser .. than his *fellow- apostles. 1810 J. Conder Reverie in Associate Minstrels 9* Can I trust a *fellow-being? 1864 Burton Scot Abr. I. iii. 149 A fat philosopher.. totally innocent of the death of a fellow-being, [c 1400 Apol. Loll. 59 Bernard sei}> to pope Eugeni, pi *felawis bischops lere pei at pe to haue, etc.] 1565 Jewel Repl. Harding (1611) 176 The true Councels, which we haue receiued from our holy fellow-bishop Cyrillus of Alexandria. 1642 Milton Apol.Smed. Wks. (1847) 82/2 To proclaim a croisade against his *fellow-christian. 1853 L an dor Last Fruit 131 A fellow Christian, .enjoying a secret pleasure in saying unpleasant things. 1600 Shaks. A. Y. L. iii. ii. 373 Euerie one fault seeming monstrous til bis*fellow- fault came to match it. 1756 Franklin Let. Wks. 1887 II. 460 These kindnesses from men I can only, .return on their *fellow-men. 1813 Byron Giaour 329 On desert sands ’twere joy to scan The rudest steps of fellow man. 1684 T. Burnet Th. Earth I. 194 The earth with the rest of its*fellow-planets. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. vi. § 16 Man.. is himself a ^fellow-sinner with them, i860 Hook Lives A bps. (1869) II. ii. iii We have to labour among our fellow- sinners. 1689 C. Mather Mem. Proz>. 24 The Devils are seldome able to hurt us. .without a Commission from some of our *fellow-worms. 1719 Watts Hymns 11. xlvi, Worms were never rais’d so high Above their meanest fellow-worm. b. Denoting a person or (occasionally) a thing that is associated with another in companionship or co-operation in what the sb. implies, as fellozv- boarder , - captive, - cause, - clerk, - communicant , - emigrant , - guest, - labourer, - lodger , - passenger, - prisoner, -student, -sufferer, - traveller, -worker, -workman . Also Fellow-soldier. 1871 Motley Corr. (1889) II. x. 325 He is a *fellow-boarder with your son. a 1569 Kingf.smyll Conjl. Satan (1578) 36 Hee is a *fellow-captive with Paul. 1749 Johnson Irene I. i, A galley lies Mann’d with the bravest of our fellow- captives. 1821 Byron Juan iv. lxxx, He saw some fellow captives. 1581 W. Clarke in Confer, iv. (1584) Ff iv b, It should bee a *fel!owe cause in our iustification with Christes righteousnes. 1886 T. Hopkins 'Twixt Love <$• Duty*, ii, He did not grudge a holiday to his *fellow-clerks. 1670 Devout Commun. (1688) 122 Interceding with him for. .our *fel low-communicants. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 534 He. .found among his *fellow emigrants men ready to listen to his evil counsels. 1591 Percivall Sp. Diet., Comensal, a *fellow guest. 1709 Shaftesb. Moralists 11. § 2.71, I.. being so violently decry’d by my two Fellow Guests. 1625 Ussher Answ. Jesuit 31 The word of God .. was both by themselves and others of their *fellow-labourers delivered byword of mouth, a 1704 T. Brown Quakers Serm. Wks. 1730 1 .105 Our dear brother and fellow-labourer hath gone a little astray. 1832 Miss Mitford Village Ser. v. (1863) 318 Men .. persuading their fellow-labourers to join them at every farm they visited. 1678 Dryden Limberham II. Wks. (1883) VI. 49 This is Mr. Woodall, your new ^fellow-lodger. 1755 Smollett Quix. (1803) II. 193 His fellow-lodgers were persons of rank. 1879 Howells L. Aroostook I. vi, One never can know what one's "fellow- passengers are going to be. 1611 Bible Rom. xvi. 7 Andro- nicus and Iunia my kinsmen and my *fellow prisoners. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 61 He thought his two fellow-prisoners might be trusted. 1875 Tennyson Q. Mary 1. iv, The two were fellow-prisoners .. in yon accursed Tower. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 1. ii. 177, I pray thee, doe not mock me, *fellowstudent. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 526 F3 Fellow-templars, fellow-students, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xxv. 186 A former fellow student. 1687 Dryden Huid P. 1. 563 Her friend and *fellow-sufT’rer in the plot. 1762-71 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) III. 182 He .. bequeathed most of what he had to his fellow-sufferers. 1665 SirT. Herbert Trav. 125 Elpenor his "fellow-traveller being dead. 1711 Addison Spect. No. 58 F 12 The Impa¬ tience of my Friends and Fellow-Travellers. 1829 Lytton Devereux iv. viii, My veteran fellow-traveller took leave of me. 1611 Bible Col. iv. 11 These .. are my ^fellowworkers vnto the kingdome of God. 1660 Jer. Taylor Worthy Commun. Introd. 7 Fellow-workers with God in the labora¬ tories of salvation. 1535 Coverdale Acts xix. 25 The *felo we workmen of the same occupacion. 1646 H. Law¬ rence Comm. Angells 24 Angells .. whom hee vouchsafeth to use as fellow-workemen with himselfe. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) 1 .141 He and his fellow-workmen have taught them. C. (with sb. of relative signification.) Denoting a person or thing that stands in the designated re- Vol. IV. lation to the same object as another, as in fellow- burgess, -burgher, * disciple, -member, -servant , - townsman , -tribesman ; f fellow-brother, a mem¬ ber of the same brotherhood ; fellow-collegian, +-collegiate, a member of the same college; fellow-craftsman, one of the same craft; fellow- subject, a subject of the same sovereign. Also Fellow-citizen, -countryman, -heir. a 1575 Abp. Parker Corr . 425 To. .give some testimony of my *fellow-brothers. 1638 Sanderson Serm. II. 115 We ought..so to behave our selves in the house of God..as becometh fellow-brethren. 1638 Drumm. of Hawth. Irene Wks. (1711) 164 To .. wander amongst .. his slaughter’d acquaintances and *fellow-burgesses. 1835 W. Irving Tour Prairies xxxii, The atrocious murders of their ^fellow- burghers. 1791 Boswell Jo/mson an. 1729 ,1 do not find that he formed any close intimacies with his *fellow-collegians. 1667-9 Butler Rem. (1759) II. 318 He. .talks of authors as familiarly as his *fellow-coltegiates. 1836 H. Rogers J. Howe vi. (1863) 160 He had been an intimate friend and fellow-collegiate of Stowe’s. 1856 R. A. Vaughan Mystics (i860) II. 65 The .. youth shrank from the .. riotous com¬ panionship of his ^fellow-craftsmen. 1611 Bible John xi. 16 Then said Thomas, .vnto his *fellowe disciples, Let us also go. 1852 H. Rogers Eel. Faith (1855) 17 [He] has almost battered out the brains of a fellow disciple. 1640 Sander¬ son Serm. 148 Though they be our *fellow-members, yet have we little fellow-feeling of their griefs. 1863 A. B. Grosart Small Sins(e d. 2) 48 A divided heart toward some fellow-member. 1534 Tindale Col. iv. 7 Tichicos. .which is a .. *feloweservaunt in the Lorde. 1591 Shaks. Two Gent. 11. iv. 105. 1667 Milton P. L. viii. 225 Nor less think wee in Heav’n of thee on Earth Than of our fellow servant. 1713 Steele Englishman No. 1. 9 He treats us Senators like his Fellow-Servants. 1648 Symmons Vbul. Chas. I 40 His poor people, .are most mercilesly butchered .. by their *fellow-subjects. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 125 p 8 We should not .. regard our Fellow-Subjects as Whigs or Tories. 1876 Bancroft Hist. U.S. III. xi. 451 That from Rhode Island .. claimed .. equal rights with their fellow- subjects in Great Britain. 1846 Landor Imag. Conv. I. 237/1 Valour in a *fellow-townsman is the exciter of our praise. 1853 Hickie tr. Aristoph. (1872) II. 422 Call your ■ fellow - tribesmen to your aid. 1867 O. W. Holmes Guardian Angel xiii. (1891) 158 His descriptions of the future which was in store for the great bulk of his. ,*fellow- worldsmen. d. Sometimes prefixed pleonastically to sbs. which themselves imply companionship or partici¬ pation. Now rare. 1552 Huloet, Fellow-companion, comes. 1603 Shaks. Aleas. for M. iv. ii. 19, I would bee glad to receiue some instruction from my fellow partner. 1649 Drumm. of Hawth. Hist. Jas. Ill Wks. (1711) 47 He had only for his fellow- companions astrologers and sooth-sayers. 1760 Sterne Serni. (1773) I. 127 She looked upon him as a fellow-partner. 1858 Hawthorne Fr. It. Jrnls. (1883) 63 Seeing in Eng¬ land more of my fellow-compatriots than ever before. 12. rarely attrib. with the sense: Equal, befitting an equal. 1638 Ford Fancies iv. ii, The great duke .. would lift up my head to fellow-pomp amongst his nobles. 13 . Comb, with vbl. sbs., agent-nouns, and pples., imitating L. words with co{?n-, con-. Only in a few words originating in 16-17th c., as + fellow- bordering ppl. a. ( = L. confinis'), conterminous, neighbouring; fellow-helper ( = L. coadjutor ),one who helps in the way of co-operation; f fellow- inspired, endowed with a like gift of inspiration ; + fellow-knower ( = L. conscius sb.), one who is privy to (a secret); so f fellow-knozving ppl. a.; F fellow-yoked pple., mutually yoked. Also Fellow-feeling. a 1628 F. Greville Sidney (1652) 28 [This Emperor], .got credit with his *fellow-bordering Princes. 1535 Coverdale 1 Esdras vii. 1 The other landlordes with their companyons ..were *felow helpers with the olde rulers of the Iewes. 1611 Bible 2 Co?‘. viii. 23 He is my partner and fellow helper. 1685 H. More Illustr. 342 This Angel and John.. were * fellow-inspired Souls ., both endued with the Spirit of Prophecy. 1662 J. Chandler Van Helmont's Oriat. 103 Not that I am..a *fellow-knower of, or a searcher into divine Counsel. Ibid. 88 The same God might be a conscious or ^fellow-knowing revenger, .of our sin. 1620 Middleton & Rowley World Tost at Tennis 571 Wks. 1886 VII. 177 I’ll not be *fellow-yok’d with death. Fellow (fedflu), v. Forms : 4 felaghe, south. vela^e, 4-6 felow, 5 felewe, 6 Sc. fallow* 6- fellow. [f. prec. sb.] fl. irans. To conjoin, associate (a person or thing) in partnership or companionship with, to (another). Ohs. a 1340 Hamfole Psalter v. 11 Wham swa }xd may felaghe wi}> f>aim. x 34 ° Ayenb. 101 pou him uela3est mid pe huanne pou zayst: ‘ yef ous ’ and ne zayst na3t 1 yef me ’. c 1410 Love Bonavent. Mirr. lvi. (Gibbs MS.) no He ioyneh and felewek hym to hem homely. 1450-1530 Alyrr. our Ladye 146 That, .they may. .deserue to be felowed to thy chosen. a 1577 Sir T. Smith Commw. Eng. xi. 11589) 13 A man .. is .. desirous to fellow himselfe to another, and so to liue in couple. 1589 T. L. Advt. Q. Eliz. (1651) 47 Who being fel- lowed in glory with the highest. 1594 Carew Tasso (1881) 96 Blush of scorne fellowd with that of shame. b. To put on a level with ; to make, or repre¬ sent as, an equal or match to. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 251 O moder of lyfe, whiche by thyne obedience ys mekely felowed vnto vs. 1500-20 Dunbar Thistle <$• Rose xx, Lat no nettill vyle. .Hir fallow to the gudly flour-de-lyce. 1648 Bp. Hall Select Thoughts § 100 Who .. called every wolf his brother .. fellowing him¬ self with every thing that had life. 1884 W. H. Ward in Century Mag. XXVII. 820 It is this quality, .which fellows him. .with Milton. + 2 . a. To be a fellow to ; to accompany, be as¬ sociated with. b. To be a partner or sharer in. 1434 Misyn blending of Life 119 So hat it be not greuus to an [vn]profetabyll seruand to felo his lorde. 1593 Q. Eliz. Boethius 6 Easing thy Labor with felowing of thi paine. 1611 Shaks. Wint. T. 1. ii. 142 Affection .. With what’s vnreall thou coactiue art, And fellow’st nothing. 1614 Syl¬ vester Little Bartas 454 All Delights of Earth have ever been Fellow'd or follow’d by some tragick Teen. 1639 Fuller Holy War i. (1647) 8 The conquer’d fellow for the most part the religion of the conquerors. 3 . To produce a fellow to ; to equal, match. 1656 Heylin Surw France 74 It will be a palace, .not fal¬ lowed in Europe. 1716 Cibber Love makes Man iii. iii, It’s impossible to fellow it, but in Paris. 1862 Lady Morgan Mem. II. 469, I have at this moment, perfuming my rooms, twelve Hyacinths, .fellow me that in your garden ! f b. To arrange in pairs; to pair. Obs. 1654 [see Fellowed ppl. a.\. 1751 R. Paltock P. Wilkins xlvi. (1883) 137/2, I here found .. so many shoes, as when I had fellowed them, served me as long as I stayed. 4 . nonce-use. To address as ‘ fellow \ 1752 Fielding Amelia viii. vi, ‘ Don’t fellow me'. Hence + FeTlowed ppl. a., joined together in pairs. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 115 He can teach, .whether the Kidneyes be fellowed or single, and how many Hearts most Men have. 1698 T. Molyneux in Phil. Trans. XX. 216 Naturally fellow’d in Pairs. 1775 in Ash. + FeTlowable, a. Obs. rare ~ l . In 5 feleable. [f. Fellow v. or sb. + -able.] Agreeable as a fellow or companion ; sociable. c 1440 Promp . Parzt. 154/1 Feleable, socialis. FeTlow-crtizen. [Fellow sb. n c.] A citizen of the same city or polity as another. 1578 Chr. Prayers in Priv. Prayers (1851) 448 The angels, and holy souls of men, are most blessed fellow-citizens. 1611 Bible Eph. ii. 19 Yee are., fellow citizens with the Saints, a 1704 T. Brown Pleas. Epist. Wks. 1730 I. 109 This may serve, fellow-citizens, to give you some idea of the man. 1752 Hume Ess. <$• Treat. (1777) I. 348 A single man can scarcely be industrious, where all his fellow-citizens are idle. 1873 H, Spencer Stud. Sociol. vi. 387 He is partially coerced into .. co-operation with his fellow citizens. Hence Fe llow-ci tizenship. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. II. 323 The city of Neuchatel has also a strict alliance of fellowcitizenship with Berne. 1858 J. Martineau Stud. Chr. 311 The ‘ Fraternity’.. aims to neutralize by fellow-citizenship the diversities, .of nature. PeTlow-CO'mmoner. [In senses I and 3, see Fellow jA ii b; in sense 2, see Fellow sb. 7 a.] ■j* 1 . A joint-partaker of anything along with others; esp. one who eats at the same table or shares in a common meal: see Commoner sb. 5, 6. 1591 Florio Sec. Fruites 87 We haue been .. fellowe commoners at the vniuersitie. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts Pref., They were ordained .. to be Fellow-commoners with Man. 1642 Fuller Holy <$• Prof St. iv. xvii. 328 Their Generali was Fellow-commoner with them. 2 . A privileged class of undergraduates in certain colleges of Oxford and Cambridge, and at Trinity College, Dublin. See Commoner 6. So called from having the privilege of dining at the Fellows’ table, being thus ‘commoners with the Fellows’. At Oxford the existence of a higher grade of undergraduates (in some colleges called ‘fellow-commoners’, in the majority ‘gentlemen commoners’) is still recognized by the University Statutes, but the only house that has fellow-commoners on its books is Worcester College. At Cambridge, there were formerly fellow-commoners at most colleges, but the status is now nearly obsolete. 1637 Evelyn Diary 10 May, The Fellow Com’uners in Balliol were no more exempt from Exercise than the meanest scholars there. 1664 Pepys Diary (1879) HI. 48 Sir John Skeffington, whom I knew at Magdalen College, a fellow- commoner. 1758 Johnson Idler No. 33 P 9 Did not fall asleep till ten, a young fellow-commoner being very noisy over my head. 1811 Byron Th. Present State Greece Wks. (1846) 766/2 He is. .better educated than a fellow-commoner of most colleges. 1848 Thackeray Bk. Snobs xiii, The lads with gold and silver lace are sons of rich gentlemen, and called Fellow Commoners: they are privileged to feed better than the pensioners, and to have wine with their victuals. 1893 Dublin Uttiv. Cal. 15 Fellow-Commoners .. have the privilege of dining at the Fellows’ Table. b. Camb. Univ. sla?ig. (See quots.) ? Obs. 1785 Grose Did. vulg. Tongue, Fellow commoner, an empty bottle, so called at the University at Cambridge, where fellow commoners are not in general considered as over full of learning. 1794 Gentl. Mag. Dec. 1084/2 A bottle decanted was .. denominated a fellow commoner. 3 . One who has a right of common with others. 1690 Locke Gov. ii. v. § 32 He cannot inclose, without the Consent of all his Fellow-Commoners, all Mankind. FeTlow-cou’ntryman. [Fellow sb. it c.] One belonging to the same country with another ; a compatriot. 1583 Stocker Hist. Civ. Warns Lo7u C. I. iii They., keepe their faith .. with their fellow countrie men. 1639 Fuller Holy War iv. xvi. 196 The .. corpses of their fellow-countreymen. 1793 W. Roberts Looker-on (1794) 111 . 202 A fellow-countryman from Scotland. 1812 Byron Ch. Har. 11. Ixvi, When, .fellow-countrymen [would] have stood aloof. 1877 Black Green Past. iii. (187S) 22 The cry of our fellow-countrymen in prison. Fe'llow-creature. [Fellow sb. ii a, c.] A production of the same Creator; now applied only to human beings and (less frequently) animals. a 1648 Ld. Herbert Life (1886) 57 All herbs and plants, being our fellow-creatures. 1682 Otway / enice Preserved 19 FELLOWER. 146 FELLOWSHIP. i. i, A. .villain : To see the sufferings of my fellow-creatures, And own myself a man. 1729 Butlf.k Scrm. Wks. 1874 II. 51 A good man is friendly to his fellow-creatures, and a lover of mankind. 1809-10 Coleridge Friend (1865) 61 Virtue would not be virtue, could it be given by one fellow- creature to another. 1878 Browning La Saisiaz 48 Yon worm, man's fellow-creature. t Fe*llower. Obs. rare — L [f. Fellows. + -er L] That which accompanies. 1652 Collinges Caveat for Prof. iv. (1653) 21 The Gentle¬ man calls it and its fellowers Reasons. t FeTlowess. Obs . [f. Fellow sb. + -ess.] A female ‘ fellow \ Cf. Fellow 9, 10. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) III. xix. 117 Who can have patience with such fellows and fellowesses? 1796 Mad. D’Arblay Camilla V. ix. iv, Your bachelor uncles, and maiden aunts, are the most tantalizing fellows and fellowesses in the creation. + Fe llow-feeT, Obs. [Back - formation from Fellow-feeling.] 1 . intr . To share the feelings of others; to feel in common, sympathize with. 1612 T. Taylor Comm. Titus ii. 8 They partake and fellow-feele in the afflictions of the Gospel. 1641 W. Hooke New Eng. Teares 5 It is the part of one member to fellow- feele with another. 2 . trans. To share the feeling of; to sympathize with (another’s suffering), rare ; there are several examples in the author quoted. 1642 Rogers Naaman 319 Not to leave them to them¬ selves, but to fellow-feele their affliction. Hence Fellow-feeTer, a sympathizer ; Fellow- feeling* a., sympathetic. 1611 Beaum. & Fl. Kt. Burn. Pestle in. v, Am I not your fellow-feeler, .in all our miseries ? 1622 S. N\u.n Life Faith (1627) 84 A .. fellow-feeling elder brother. 1677 Gilpin Daemonol. (1867) 223 To bear one another’s burdens .. shews us to be fellow-feeling members of the same body. 1708 Brit. Apollo No. 87. 1/2 A fellow-feeling Tenderness. FeTlow-fee'ling, vbl. sb. [See Fellow sb. 13; a rendering of L. compassio, Gr. avp-iraOna Sym¬ pathy.] 1 . Participation in the feelings of others; sympathy. 1613 R. C. Table Alph. (ed. 3). Compassion, pittie, fellow- feeling. 1623 Rowlandson God's Bless. 62 Men of other callings should have a fellow-feeling of those miseries. 1690 Earl Melfort in Ellis' Orig r . Lett. Ser. 11. No. 384 IV. 190 There is not such a thing as fellow-feeling (the pres- byterian word), a 17x6 Blackall Wks. (1723) I. 70 Mercy, properly speaking, is an Affection of the Mind. .’tis a fellow- feeling of another’s Sufferings. 1818 H azlitt Eng. Poets ii. (1870) 52 Inanimate objects .. have a fellow-feeling in the interest of the story. 1857 W. Collins Dead Secret 11. i. (1861) 37, I have a fellow-feeling for others who are like me. 2 . Sense of community of interest. 1712 Arbuthnot John Bull 1. x, Even your milk woman and your nursery maid have a fellow-feeling. 1755 Johnson, Fellow-feeling , combination, joint interest; commonly in an ill sense. [This is no longer correct.] 1809 Byron Bards <5- Rev, xiv, A fellow-feeling makes us wond’rous kind. FeTlow-liei’r. A partner in an inheritance; a joint heir. 1585 Abp. Sandys Serm. (1841) 204 We are made .. fellow- heirs with Christ of God’s kingdom. 1611 Bible Eph. iii. 6 The Gentiles should be fellovvheires. 1675 Brooks Gold. Key Wks. 1867 V. 551 Suffering saints and you are fellow- heirs. 1869 W. P. Mack ay Grace Truth (1875) 68 Chris¬ tians are fellow-heirs with Christ. Hence Fe llow-hei*rship. 1869 Goulburn Purs. Holiness i. 5 The truth of the Gentiles’ fellow-heirship. Fellowless (fe-Hules), a. [f. Fellow sb. + -less.] Without a fellow. 1 . + Without a companion ; alone, solitary (obs.). Of one of a pair : Without the fellow. a 1420 Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 8, I say; yf thow go felaweles, Alle solitarie. 1887 Sat. Rev. 5 Feb. 196 A fellowless glove. 2 . poet. Without a peer or equal; matchless. 1580 Sidney Arcadia (1622) 417 The fellowlesse Philoclea. 1598 Chapman Iliad 11. 434 Hypothebs, whose well-built walls are rare and fellowless. ri6n Ibid. xii. 108 Both these Were best of all men but himself, but lie was fellow¬ less. 1863 W. Lancaster Prceterita 43 Thinking on .. the archer hand Once fellowless in Hellas. + Fe llowlike, and adv. Obs . [f. as prec. + -like.] A. adj. Like a fellow. a. Like a companion or mate ; on a level; on the same footing ; similar. Const, with. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 63 b, To .. make hym equall or felowe lyke, with kynges. 1596 Bp. W. Barlo,v Three Scrm. i. 16 These two are such felowlike companions. b. Companionable, sociable ; sympathetic. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong , A fellowelike man. a 1603 T. Cartwright Confut. Rhem. N. T. (1618) 79 Hee ioyned himselfe .. in fellowship and fellowlike communion with him. a 1633 Lennard tr. Charron's Wisd. 1. xxxii, We sigh .. and with a fellow-like feeling pity their miseries. B. adv. a. Like one’s fellows, on the same foot¬ ing or level; in like manner, similarly. C1530 Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. ( 1814) 113 He was named felawlyke to Bucyfal. a 1569 Kingf.smyli. Conjl. Satan (1578) 36 Hee is a felowe captive with Paul, and shall be felowelike ransomed with Paul. b. Like a fellow, companion, or equal; sociably. 1580 Sidney Atcadia (1622) 399 He. .fellow-like let his do¬ minion slide. 1609 Bible (Douay) Ecclus. xiii. 14 Stay not to speake felowlike with him. a 1628 F. Greville Sidney (1652) 24 He so fellow-like encompassed with them. 1678 in Littleton Lat, Diet, C. ? Like a 1 fellow * or person of little worth. 1632 Sanderson Serm. (1637) 61 1 Servants.. that will work hard .. so long as their master’s eye is upon them, but when his back is turned can be content to goe on fayre and softly and fellow-like. t Fellowly, a. 8 c adv. Obs. [f. as prec. + -ly.] A. adj. Like or pertaining to a fellow. 1 . Pertaining to or befitting comrades or friendly associates; social. a 1225 Ancr. R. 276 Prudes salue is edmodnesse: ondes salue, feolauliche luue. 1435 Misyn Eire of L(n>e 11. iv. 77 pat of felaly song of charite my substans I my^t ransake. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 329 Vertues & blyssed sera- phyn synge togither with felowly ioy. 1578 Banister Hist. Man Pref. 5 To. .the Maister, Wardens, .and fellowly Fraternitie of Chirurgians. 2 . Companionable, sociable, sympathetic. a 1440 Found. St. Bartholomew's 3 Thiswyse to kyng and grete men .. famylier and felowly he was. c 1500 Vug. Chi/dr. Bk. 94 in Babees Bk. 21 Ete & drinke, & be feleyly. 1573 G. Harvey Lctter-bk. (Camden) 4 After dinner.. I continuid as long as ani, and was as fellowli as the best. 1610 Shaks. Temp. v. i. 64 Mine eyes ev’n sociable to the shew of thine Fall fellowly drops. 1688 Bunyan Jems. Sinn. Saved (1886) 112 Why not fellowly with our carnal neighbours? 1887 Kentish Gloss., Fellowly , familiar, free. B. adv. In a manner like a fellow or equal; on equal terms; sociably; hence, familiarly. a 1225 Ancr. R. 38 Delen in his pinen veolauliche on eor 3 e. 1435 Misyn Fire of Love 92 To-gidyr beand & acordand be kyndely stirryng felaly pa ar glad. 1582 Bentley Mon. Matroncs 111. 305 Then seeing more felowlie the glorie of the Lord, we shall be transformed into the same image, a 1631 Donne Scrm. ix. 92 To behave them¬ selves fellowly and frowardly towards Great Persons. + Fe'llowred. Obs. Forms; 3felau-,feolau-, south, velau-, veolaured(d)en, 3-4 felau-, felared(e, 4 south. vela5rede, 4-5 felawrede, -dyn, 5 felow(e)red(d)e. [f. Fellow + OE. -rzeden condition : see -red.] 1 . The condition or state of being fellows or companions ; companionship, company, fellowship, society. To bear ( a person) fellowred : to bear him company. sz 1225 A?ier. R. 106 Uorto beren him ucolauredden [v.r. feorreden]. c 1250 Old Kent. Serm. in O. E. Misc. (1872) 31 Se [lepre] liest pe felarede of oper men. 1340 Ayenb. 16 Prede brek uerst uela3rede and ordre. b. Forfellow?‘cd : for comradeship’s sake. a 1300 Cursor M. 20380 (Cott.) Qui wepes tu sua .. For felau red now sai pou me. 1340 Ayenb. 38 pe pyeues be uela3rede byep po pet partep of pe pyefpe oper uor uela3rede oper by yefpe oper be begginge. 2 . Intercourse, esp. spiritual; = Communion 2 b. a 1300 Cursor M. 27975 (Cott.) poru pis gilt es pat felau* reden spilt pat tuix crist and vs suld be. 1340 Ayenb. 14 ‘ pe mennesse of hal3en ’ pet is to zigge pe uela3rede of alle pe halsen. a 1400 Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. (1867) 3 That es comonynge and felawrede of all cristene. 3 . Sexual intercourse. £1250 Old Kent. Serin, in O. E. Misc. (1872) 31 Wyman deseiurd fram mannes felarede. 13. . MS. I lari. 1701. 11 (Halliw.) But thou dedyst no foly dede, That ys lleshly felaurede. 1340 Ayenb. 9 pou ne ssclt na3t wylni uela3rede ulesslich wyp opre manne vvyf. 4 . A company of fellows or comrades. c 1326 Coer de L. 3137 Blythe was the Crystene felawrede, Off Kyng Richard. 1340 Ayenb. 16 He vil uram heuene and becom dyeuel, and he and al his uela^rede. c 1430 Syr Getter. (Roxb.) 3586 He had a grete felowrede. c 1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 121 Seynt peter, noper his felow-redde, Dar nott speke a word. Fellowship (fe b«Jip), sb. [f. Fellow sb. + -ship.] Primarily, the condition or quality of being a Fellow, in various senses. 1 . + a. Partnership ; membership of a society. Also, in political sense, alliance. Obs. 1382 Wyclif i Macc. viii. 17 He sente hem to Rome, for to ordeyne with hem frendship and felavvship. 1592 West ij/ Pt. Symbol. § 26 C, There may be partnership or fellow¬ ship amongst the persons contracting. 1602 Siiaks. Ham. ill. ii. 289 Would not this Sir. .get me a Fellowship in a crie of Players. 1623 Bingham Xenophon 87 They would enter into fellowship of warre with the Grecians. b. Participation, sharing (in an action, condition, etc.); ‘ something in common community of interest, sentiment, nature, etc. a 1240 Ureisun in Cott. Horn. 185 Ich nabbe no mong, ne felawscipe, ne priuete, wip pe world. 1382 Wyclif 2 Cor. vi. 14 What felowschip of li^t to derkenessis ? 1535 Cover- dale Acts i. 17 He .. had opteyned the felashippe of this mynistracion. 1671 Milton P. R. 1. 401, I feel by proof That fellowship in pain divides not smart. 1714 Swift Epist. Corr. Wks. 1841 II. 529, I congratulate with England for joining with us here in the fellowship of slavery. 1869 W. P. Mackay Grace Truth (1875) 244 Christians can have fellowship with Christ, .as the rejected of earth. 2 . Companionship, company, society; an instance of this. Also, to bear ( a person) fellowship ; to have , hold , Jfall in, fellowship with (a per soil). ri2oo Vices $ Virtues (1888) 41 Das ^ewer^ede gastefs] felauscipe fram e[u]w;$ driuen. a 1225 Ancr. R. 160 Vor pi fleih sein Johan pe feolauschipe of fule men. a 1300 Cursor M. 12568 (Cott.) All p>ai felascip him bar. a 1340 Hampole Psalter vi. 7, I dwelled lange in synn & in felaghschip of ill men. 1393 Langl. P. Pl. C. iv. 155 For hue ys fayne of py felaushep. 1449 ? M. Paston in Poston Lett. I. 83 Purry felle in felaschepe with Willyum Hasard at Queries, c 1450 Merlin 218 The feliship of so worthi men is not to be refused. 1484 Caxton VEsop 1. vi, The poure ought not to hold felauship with the myghty. 1535 Coverdale Wisd. | viii. 16 Hir felashipe hath no tediousnesse. 1607 Siiaks. Cor. v. iii. 175 He .. kneeles, and holds vp hands for fellow¬ ship. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. iii. i. § 1 A necessity to have fellowship with those of his own kind. 1814 Cary Dante s P arad. viii. 121 Were it worse for man, If he lived i.ot in fellowship on earth? 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 404 The least respectable members of that party renounced fellowship with him. transf. 1578 Banister Hist. Man v. 70 The fift veyne, being not depriued of the felowshyp of an Arterie. + b. collect. Habitual companions; = Company 4 b. Obs. 14.. Tundale's Vis. 183 This his thi felyschyp thou caytyff That thou chase to the in thi lyffe. 1548 Forrest Pleas . Poesye 90 They shull pluck too their societee, Feloshippe that neuer will after goode bee. *p 3 . Communication, dealing, intercourse. Obs. 1555 Watreman Fardle Facions 11. ix. 202 As he iudgeth theim..by his eye..without further trade or feloweshippe betwixte theim. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII , iii. i. 121, I am old my Lords, And all the Fellowship I hold now with him Is onely my Obedience. b. Mutual intercourse, esp. spiritual; intimate personal converse; = Communion 2 a, b, c. **1300 Cursor M. 10401 (Cott.) pir hundreth scepe .. Bi- takens felascip, i-wiss, Of halus hei in heuen bliss, c 1380 . Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 422 [pei] were translate to felow- schippe and dwellyng wip Gods, a 1400 Cov. Myst. (1841) 16Than Cryst them ovyrtok. .And walkyd in felachep fforth with hem too. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 144 But fallow- schip of ony hot thame sell. 1611 Bible Transl. Pref. 3 The end and reward of the studie [of Scripture being] fellowship with the Saints. 1746-7 Hervey Medit. (1818) 12 Who admits us to a fellowship with himself. 1871 Macduff Mem. Patmos ii. 23 Since John had last held visible fellow¬ ship with his Redeemer. t c. Sexual intercourse. More fully fleshly fellowship . Obs. 13.. E. E. Atilt. P. B. 271 pe fende .. fallen in felasschyp with hem on folken wyse. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xvii. 77 When pai will hafe felischepe of men. c 1450 Merlin 7 We be made .. to haue counfort and ioye of mannes felishep. 1450 1530 Myrr. our Ladye 191 He fledde the flesshely felvshyp of hys wyfe. 4 . =■• Communion 3. To give the right hand of fellowship (after Gal. ii. 9) : to acknowledge a person as entitled to communion ; also transf. In several Protestant denominations, a literal giving ‘ the right hand of fellowship ’ by some representative person is part of the ceremony of admitting a person to church- membership, and of the ordination or induction of a minister. 1382 Wyclif Gal. ii. 9 James and Cephas .. and John .. 3auen to me and Barnabas the ri}t hondis of felowschip. 1539 Cranmer ibid ., Ryght handes of that felouschippe. i6ix Bible ibid ., Right handes of fellowship, a 1649 Winthrop New Eng. (1853) I. 215 The elder desired of the churches that.. they would give them the right hand of fellowship. i66x Bramhall Just Vind. i. 3 They haue separated them- selues..from the fellowship of their own Sisters. 1809-10 Coleridge Friend (1865) 57, I will honour and hold forth the right hand of fellowship to every individual who, etc. 1875 J owett Plato (ed. 2) III. 64 He shall receive the right hand of fellowship. 5 . The spirit of comradeship; friendliness. Good fellowship (parasynthelically) ; the temper and disposition of a ‘good fellow ’. So, badfcllo7Vship. t Of fellowship : out of friendly feeling. £1370 Chaucer Troy Ins 11. 157 He . .wher hym lyst, best felawship can To such as hym thinkith able to thrive. 1462 Paston Lett. No. 445 II. 95 Hertely lhankyng you. .of the felyshipp that my cosyn your sonne shewid unto me. 1463 Bury Wills (Camden) 36 My beedys of jeet. .for remember- aunce of old good felashipp. 1570 North Donis Mor. Philos. 11. (188S) 117 First of fellowship heare me but foure wordes. 1604 Jas. I Counterbl. (Arb.) iii It is become .. a point of good fellowship. 1670 Maynwaring Vita Sana vi. 67 Drink for necessity, not for bad fellowship. 1818 Shelley Rosalind e feir falychyp hat is in heuen. 1583 Stanyhurst Aeneis in. (Arb.) 90 Al the heunly feloship from the earth such a monster abandon. + e. An ordinary meal or entertainment for a company or household. Obs. 1494 Househ. Ord. 121 As for the Shrove Thursday at night there longeth none estate to be kepte, but onely a fellow- shippe. 7 . A guild, corporation, company. Now rare. Fellowship of Porters : see 11 b. 1515 Sir R.jERNEGANinStrype Eccl.Mem. I. App. vii.^The same passport may be sent.. to the Master of the fellowship. 1523 Act 14-15 Hen. VIII, c. 2 All wardens and maisters of felowshyppes of all and euerysuch handie crat'tes. 1560 Grant of City of Lond\ 1 Feb. in Entick London (1766) IV. 228 Being freemen of this city in the fellowship of the stationers. 1622 Misselden Free Trade (ed. 2) 74 That .. fellowship of the Merchants Adventurers of England. 1692 Loud. Gas. No. 2799/4 Mr. Thomas Johnson Clerk to the Fellowship of Carmen. 1740 in Han way Trav. (1762) I. 1. ix. 43 Any subject .. hath a right to be made free of the said fellowship. 1819 E. Mackenzie Hist. Newcastle (1827) 706 note, Waits, or Musicians, were an ancient fellowship. transf a 1626 Br. Andrewes Semi. (1661)700 A fellow¬ ship or Society, which is called the fellowship or corporation of the Gospell. + b. collect. The members of a corporation or guild. Obs. c 1440 Gesta Rom. xi. 35 /Add. MS.) His felishipp put out his eyen. 1513 Act 5 Hen. VIII , c. 6 The Wardens and felisshippe of the crafte .. of Surgeons enfraunchesid in the Citie of London. 1571 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 335 The Master Wardens .. and B'ellowship of the sayde occupation. 1649 Lawfulnesse Present Govt. 9 The Mayor of London and his Fellowship received him. c. Iii wider sense: An association or union of any kind ; also a brotherhood, fraternity. 1541 Barnes IVks. (1573) 246/1 Wee beleeue .. that holy church is a communion or felowshyp of holy men. 1683 in Faithful Con tendings (1780) 59 It was desired that every one of the fellowships that sends Commissioners, .would be conscientious in choosing of them. 1775 Johnson lVest. Islands Wks. X. 424 Land is sometimes leased to a small fellowship. 1847 Mrs. A. Kerr Hist. Servia x. 191 The peaceful fellowships in villages .. had also the right. 1861 Mill Utilit. v. 90 A person’s fitness to exist as one of the fellowship of human beings. 1883 O. B. Frothingham in Schaff Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 2381 The public, .gave to the little fellowship the name of the ‘ Transcendental Club ’. 1889 Lux Mundi iv. (1890) 178 Building up a new cosmo¬ politan fellowship. 8. The position or dignity, or the emoluments, of a ‘fellow’ in a college, university, learned society, etc. 1536 Act 27 Hen. VIII , c. 42 § 1 in Oxf. <$• Camb. Enact in. 13 The said .. Chauntries, free Chapelle Felowshippes, Scolershippes. 1631 T. Powell Toni All Trades 148 In some Colledges the Fellowship follows the Schollership. a 1674 Clarendon Hist. Rcb. x. (1704) III. 56 They placed ..such other of the same leven in the Fellowships. 1808 Med. Jrnl. XIX. 271 He had it in contemplation, .to offer himself a candidate for a fellowship in the London College of Physicians. 1868 M. Pattison Acadcm. Org. iv. 57 The proposal to commute fellowships into scholarships. ■j- b. collect. The body of ‘ fellows ’ in a college or university; the society constituted by the ‘ fellows Obs. 1480 Bury Wills ('1850') 53 The seid maist r , presedent, or reuler, and phelaschep of the seid collage. 1567 in Gutch Coll. Cur. II. 278 The said Richard Barber, .shall call the whole fellowship then present within the College together. 1710 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 53 Any one that ever entered that Fellowship. 1796 Morse Amcr. Geog. I. 437 Adjudging and conferring degrees, which ex¬ clusively belongs to the fellowship as a learned faculty. 9 . Arith. The process by which a partner’s share of gain or loss is determined in proportion to his share of the capital. 1561 Recorde Gr. Aides Yj, Thus you are .. sufficiently instructed in the rule of felowship. 1594 Blundevil Exerc . 1. xii. (ed. 7) 36 This is to be wrought according to the Rule of fellowship. 1661 Hodder Arithmetick 148 The Rule of Fellowship without time. 1695 Alingiiam Geoin. Epit. 66 This Theo. helps to demonstrate the Rule of Fellowship. 1806 Hutton Course Math. I. 120 Fellowship is either Single or Double. 1859 Barn. Smith Arith. Algebra (ed. 6) 508 Fellowship or Partnership. 10 . pi. Short for Fellowship-porters. (See 11 b.) 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. vi, The Fellowships don’t want you at all. 11 . attrib. and Comb., (sense 7) as fellowship- merchant ; (sense 8) as fellowship-examination , - honour; also, fellowship-meeting, an associa¬ tion formed for the purpose of religious converse. 1866 Mrs. Gaskell Wives 6* Dan. 1 .307 ,1 shall be going up for my ^fellowship examination. 1893 Daily News 7 July 11/3 The only American woman, holding the *fellowship honour of the Royal Geographical Society. 1679 J. Finlay in Cloud of Witnesses (1810) 185 ,1 bear my testimony to the ^fellowship meetings of the Lord’s people. 1806 Forsyth Beauties Scot. III. 176 All the fellowship-meetings of the parish of Cambuslang assembled. 1485 Act 1 Hen. VII , c. 3 § r No proteccion be. .allowed in the Courte before the.. *Felishipp merchauntes of the Staple at Calais. b. Fellowship porter, a member of the 1 fellow¬ ship , of the Porters of Billingsgate, a guild having certain monopolies in the City of London; see quots. There was also a Guild of Fellowship Porters in Edinburgh, who joined the Trone-men in 1694 (Walford Hist. Gilds 87). 1620 Draft Act Common Council 5 Oct. in Acts <$• Rep. Com. Council (Guildhall Lib.) No. 4 That the Company and (fellowship of Porters of Billingsgate.. shall.. continue to be from henceforth one Company or Brotherhood. 1681 Delaune State of London 341 The Porters of London are of two sorts. 1. Ticket Porters .. 2. Fellowship Porters. To these belong the. .landing, housing, carrying or recarry¬ ing all measurable Goods, as Corn, Salt, Coals, &c. 1854 Rep. Pari. Comm. Corporation of London 23 The Fellow¬ ship of Porters, which exists as a sepaiate body, created by an Act of Common Council. No person can be admitted as a Fellow of this body who is not free of the City of London. 1890 Daily News 18 July 7/2 The complainant is a fellow¬ ship porter. Fellowship (fe DuJip), v . [f. prec. sb.] 1 1 . trans. To unite in fellowship; to connect or associate (a person or thing) with or to another ; rcjl. to enter into companionship. Obs. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. n. vi. 53 Contrarious Jnnges ne ben not wont to ben yfelawshiped togidres. 1382 Wyclif Gen. xxvi. 7 She was to hym felowshipte thur3 mariage. c 1440 Secrecs 182 Twoo men felawschipped hem to geclre in a way. 1491 Caxton VitasPatr. (W. de W. 1495) I. xlix. o8a/i They can not be compatyble ne felyshypped wyth the other. 1561 T. Hoby tr. Castigliouc's Courtyer Yyivb, To felowship him self, .with men of the best sort. t 2 . To accompany. Obs. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. iv. iii. 121 Grete peyne felawshipe)? and folwej? hem. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 405/1, I shal yet felawship the unto the gate. 3 . To admit to fellowship, enter into fellowship with. Now only in religious use. r 1440 Gesta Rom. xxxiv. 135 (Harl. MS.) Then pes seynge hir sistris alle in acorde..she turnid ayene..then pes was felashipid among hem. a i860 Eclectic Re7>. (Worcester), Whom he had openly fellowshipped. 1882 A. Mahan Autobiog. xi. 242 A charity which fellowshipped anything. 4 . intr. To join in fellowship ; to associate with. Now only in religious use, and chiefly U.S. c 1410 Love Bonavent. Mirr. lvi. (Gibbs MS.) Cure lorde Jesu came, .and felischippede with hem. 1472 in Surtees Misc. (1890) 26 Derrick his lepere, & his not abyll to felychep emange the pepell. 1561 T. Hoby Castigliouc's Courtyer A iij b, Like maye fellowship, .with his like. 1883-4 J. G. Butler Bible-Work II. 109 He [Peter] fellowshipped freely with Gentile believers. 1886 Chr. Life 1 May, He never fellowshipped with any of our churches. Hence Fellowshipping vbl. sb ., the action of forming a fellowship ; in quot. concr . as the alleged proper term for a company of yeomen. i486 Bk. St. Albans F vj a, A ffelishippyng of yomen. Fe llow-SoTdier. One who fights under the same standard as another ; a companion-in-arms. 1526-34 Tindale Phil. ii. 25 Epaphroditus .. my. .felowe soudier. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, iv. vii. 70 Come, fellow Souldior, make thou proclamation. 1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. (1783) II. 244 To avoid the imputation of cowardice from their fellow-soldiers. 1882 J. Taylor Sc. Covenanters 161 He met with his former fellow-soldier. 1 FeTly, a. Obs. [f. Fell a. + -ly T] = Fell. 1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 17 The felliest folke that ever Antichrist found. 1749 Exile's Lament, in Jacobite Songs Sf Ballads (1887) 263 Driven by fortune’s felly spite. Felly (fe’li), adv. Forms : 3 fellik, 4 fellely, 4-5 fellich(e, (4 fell liche, fellyche), 4-6 felli(e, (6 fellye), 4-felly. Compar. 4fellaker. [f. Fell a. 4* -ly ^.] In a fell manner. 1 . Fiercely, cruelly, harshly; with deadly ma¬ lignity or destructive effect. a 1300 Cursor M. 4143 (Cott.) Ful fellik J?ai a-gain answard, ‘Quar-for suld we of oght be ferd?’ a 1340 Hampole Psalter lxxvii. 53 Temptacioun J?at felly smytes J^e hertes of foies. 1340 Ayenb. 174 pe more he him smit J> e more fellaker : huanne he him >'213]? onlosti and sleauuol. C 1440 Gaw. <$• Got. 576 The feght sa felly thai fang. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 89 The kyng hier saith so felly, that my fadre nor I dyde hym ne’uer good. 1555 Watreman Fardle Facions 11. viii. 179 The more thei haue, the fellier gnaweth their longing. 1566 Drant Horace ’ Sat. 11. iii, With feuer quartayne, felly toste. 1647 H. More Song of Soul 1. 11. xxvii, The hearts do ne’re agree But felly one an¬ other do upbray. 1748 Thomson Cast. Indol. 11. xliii, He sat him felly down and gnaw'd his bitter nail. 1802 G. Colman Br. Grins , Knt. Friar 1. liii, In the Field, where late he fought so felly. 1811 Scott Don Roderick li, Never hath the harp of minstrel rung Of faith so felly proved, so firmly true 1 1866 Reade Griffith Gaunt xxv, He tore the purse out of Leonard's hand : then seized him felly by the throat. b. f Bitterly, keenly; terribly {obs.) ; hence dial, exceedingly. 137S Barbour Bruce x. 479 He wes Woundit so felly in the face, That he wes dredand of his lif. Ibid. xvi. 217 Thai war so felly fleyit thar That [etc.], a 1400-50 Alex¬ ander 3647 Oure mody kyng of Messedone. .Seis [>aim fade so ethfully and felly was greued. 1583 Stanyhurst Aeneis II. (Arb.) 58 They clymb, in lefthand, with shields, tools fellye rebating. 1807 J. Stagg Poems 37 They ran .. Till a’ war felly spent. + 2 . Craftily, cunningly, artfully. Obs. 1382 Wyclif Josh. ix. 4 Thei that dwelten in Gabaon .. fellich thenkynge, token to hem meetis [etc.]. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 317 perfore he byj>ou3t hym felliche and gilefulliche to here a doun J?e children of Israel, c 1400 Beryn 311 With half a sclepy eye pourid fellich vndir hir hood. 1450-1530 Ilyrr. our Ladye 44 The more effectuall.. that prayer is .. the more felly .. laboureth the malycyous enemy to lette it. Felly (fe *li), v. dial, [variant of Fallow z/. 2 ] 1788 W. Marshall Yorksh. Gloss., Felly , to break up a fallow. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Felly , to break up the fallow ground, to plough up the stubble before sowing the crop. Felly, alternative form of Felloe. II Felo-de-se (fedfl dz s r) PI. felones-, felos- de-se. [Anglo-Lat.y^/J Felon, de sc of himself.] 1 . One who ‘deliberately puts an end to his own existence, or commits any unlawful malicious act, the consequence of which is his own death ’ (Black- stone). R'1250 Bracton iii. 11. xxxi, Eodem modo quo quis felo- niam facere possit interficiendo alium, ita feloniam facere possit interficiendo seipsum. qua; quidem felonia dicitur fieri de seipso.] 1651 G. W. tr. Cowcl's Inst. 124 He that murders himself, is by us tearmed Felo de se. 1689 Hickeringili. Modest Inq. iv. 30 How desperately they stahh themselves, and are Felones de se. 1814 Byron in Moore Life (1875) 421 That ‘ felo de se ’ who .. Walk’d out of his depth and was lost in a calm sea. 1874 G. W. Dasent Half a Life I. 85 Dick .. pronounced him .. to he, in fact, felo de se. b ’ IS; 1678 Lively Orac. iii. 40 Making their Natures a kind of felo de se to prompt the destroying itself. 1704 E. Ward Dissenting Hypocrite 34 That Church is Moderate and Easy T 1 excess, which would he Felo de se. 1749 F'i elding Tom Jones viii. xiv, That Protestants .. should he .. such Felos de se, I cannot believe it. 1767 Blackstone Comm. II. 31 This modus is felo de se and destroys itself. 1840 De Quincey Style Wks. 1862 X. 164 A man who [etc.] .. would he a madman and a felo-de-se, as respected his reliance upon that doctrine. attrib. 1826 Edin, Rev. XLV. 171 This felo de se system. c. In etymological nonce-use (see quot.) 1670 Clarendon Ess. Tracts (1727) 198 He is literally felo de se , who deprives and robs himself of that which no body hut himself can rob him of. 2 . A case to which the verdict 1 felo de se ’ is appropriate ; self-murder, suicide. 1771 E. Long Trial of Dog ‘ Porter' in Hone Every-day Bk. II. 205 Your worships should incline to deem it a felo de se. 1840 Hood Up the Rhine 202 Werther, who brought felo-de-se into vogue. 1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect I. 45 The ‘ crowner’s quest ’ had pronounced the wretched creature guilty of felo-de-se. Felon (fedffa), a. and sbP Forms: a. 3-5 feloun(e, -un(e, 4-6 felown(e,* Sc. felloun(e, 5 felone, (feleyn), 6-8 fellon(e, 3- felon. ( 3 . (in adj. only) 4-5 felo(u ns ; cf. felunsly s v. Felonly. [a. OF. felon adj. and sb. = Pr. felon, felhon,fellon adj., ^.fellon, It. fellone adj. and sb. vulgar L. *fellon-cm. From its formation, the word must have been originally a sb .,fel ( fello ), whence Fell a., being the subj. case, and felon (:—felld’u-) the obj. case; but so far as documentary evidence goes, both forms were indiscriminately used in OF. as adj., and the recorded subst. use of the latter is derivative. The curious Eng. form fclonus adj. may perh. be due (like fiers Fierce) to the -s of the nom. case in OF. (in this instance -a product of analogy). The ultimate etymology is uncertain. Of the many con¬ jectures proposed the most probable is that fclldne-m is a derivative of L.fell-,fel gall, the original sense being ‘ one who, or something which, is full of bitterness ’ (or ‘ venom ’, the two notions, as many linguistic facts show, being closely associated in the popular mind). In support of this view it may he pointed out that the sh. has had the senses of ‘ an envenomed sore ’ and ‘ cholera ’ (see Felon sb.”) ; moreover, this etymology accounts perfectly for the strangely divergent senses which the adj. has in the Rom. langs. : ‘ wicked’, ‘ angry ‘ brave ‘ melancholy, sad ’ (It .fellonc), ‘ intensely painful ’. Of the other suggestions that have been made the most plausible is perhaps that of Prof. R. Atkinson of Dublin, that fello was originally a term of obscene abuse, f. L .felldre as used in a peculiar sense by Martial and Catullus. Some scholars think that fello is from OHG. *fillo , an unrecorded derivative of fillen to scourge (cf. med.L.jillo rascal); others have sought to connect it with the obscure second element in the OE."words wcelfcl (from wsel carnage; occurring only cnce, as an epithet of the raven) and aelfcele, ealfelo (usually supposed to he from eal all; only twice, as an epithet of dttor poison). The mod.Da. feel horrible, disgusting, has also been compared ; the MDu.y£/ is adopted from Fr. The Celtic words often cited are out of the question ; the OF. word cannot have come from Wales or Ireland, and Gaulish appears not to have possessed the sound f\ the Welsh j^'and the Irish f do not correspond etymologically.] A. adj. 1 . Of persons and animals, their actions, feelings, etc.: Cruel, fierce, terrible; wicked, base. Now poet. a 1300 Cursor M. 1160 (Cott.) Quen felauscipe .. Mought te drau fra felon clede. Ibid. 5896 (Cott.) It become a worme felon. 1375 Barbour Bruce 1. 47 Enwy, that is sa feloune. c 1489 Caxton Btanchardyn liii. 205 So bigan they to smyte ainonge their felon enmyes. 1513 Douglas VEneis xm. i. 95 Hys felloun fa is kyllit thus. 1549 Compl. Scot. Prol. 14 Fechtand he fellone forse. ? a 1550 Freiris of Berwik 553 in Dunbars Poems (1893) 303 With that Symone a felloun flap lait fie. 1575 J. Still Gamut. Gurton 1. iii. in Hazl. Dodsley III. 179 Perchance some felon spirit may haunt our house indeed. 1687 Dryden Hind <$• P. iii. 1170 Courtesies .. No gratitude in felon minds beget. 1725 Pope Odyss. iv. 712 Vain shews of love to veil his felon hate. 1735 Thomson Liberty, iv. 1189 The felon undermining Hand Of dark Corruption. 1813 Byron Giaour 677 The steel Which taught the felon heart to feel. 1855 Singleton Virgil I. 33 Both gods and stars the mother felon calls. 19-2 FELON. 148 FELONY, #. c 1340 Cursor M. 9973 (Trin.) Mary mayden .. stondep for shelde & targe aieines alle oure felouns foo. c 1440 York Myst. xi. 39 Tho felons folke [Jewes] Sir, first was fonn In kyng Pharo 3oure fadyr dayse. a 1450 Knt. de la Tour 14 Curtesye. .aught to refraine felons proude herte of man and woman. b. transf Of things and places: Savage, wild ; (of weapons) murderous. c 1320 Sir Tristr. 1446 Wip a spere feloun He smot him in pe side, c 1450 Merliti 269 It semed by her armes that thei were come from felon place. 1513 Douglas AEneis iv. x. 19 And felloun stormis of ire gan hir to schaik. 1566 Drant Horace Sat. vii. D vj b, The fellone tongue of Rupilie. 1637 Milton Lycidas 91 He asked, .the felon winds, What hard mishap had doomed this gentle swain ? 1781 Cowper Truth 445 Often unbelief.. Flies to the tempting pool, or felon knife. c 1800 K. White Lett. (1837) 204 To snatch the victim from thy felon wave. 1814 Scott Massacre Glencoe 26 The hand that mingled in the meal, At midnight drew the felon steel, f c. Angry, sullen. Obs. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus v. 199 With felon [It. fellone\ look and face dispitouse. 1567 Drant Horace' Epist. 11. 63 Like a woolfe.. Incensd, with fellon fasting face. + 2 . Brave, courageous, sturdy. Obs. 1375 Barbour Bruce vm. 454 He wes bath }oung, stout, and felloun. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. 11. (1S87) 131 Fergus .. is namet first King of Scottis .. for his felloune fortitude. •(• 3 . ‘Terribly’great,‘tremendous’, huge. Sc. Obs. c 1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. 74 The man. .was in an felloun fray. 1513 Douglas cEncis v. iii. 30 The busteus barge, yclepit Chimera Gyas with felloun fard furth brocht alswa. 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. p. xxxvii, With ane fellon stoure. c 1570 Sat. Poems Reform, xx. 25 In felloun feir at me thay speir. a 1605 Poiavart Fly ting w. Mont¬ gomerie 208 Fore store of lambes and lang-tailde wedders.. In fellon fiockes. 14 . With sense derived from the sb. : Feloniously acquired, stolen. Obs. rare 1631 Fuller Davids Hainous Sintte xix. (D.), Whose greedy pawes with fellon goods were found. B. sbA + 1 . A vile or wicked person, a villain, wretch, monster. Sometimes applied to the Devil or an evil spirit. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 11481 (Gott.) Herodes, pat fals feloune. Ibid. 12982 (Gott.) ‘ Ne seis pu noght’, said pe felune. 1340 Ayenb. 29 pe uour werreres pet pe feloun hep. a 1400 Octouian 943 He .. bad hym fynd a champioun To feyght with that foule feloun. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 100 The frenssh men ben moche felons. 1594 Carew Tasso (1881) 27 This fellon then his made rage tempereth. 1697 Dryden Virg. AEneid vi. 804 He, the King of Heav’n. .Down to the deep Abyss the flaming Felon strook. 1814 Scott Ld. of Isles hi. xxiv, Yet sunk the felon’s moody ire Before Lord Ronald’s glance of fire. + 2 . In good sense : A brave man, a warrior. Obs. rare. a 1400-50 Alexander 819* Fers felons with hym fangez & florens enowe. 3 . Law. One who has committed felony. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 9668 Al pat b e felon hath, pe kinges it is. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xi. 240 pauh pe fader be a frankelayne and for a felon be hanged, c 1460 Play Sacram. 505 Hold prestly [?] on thys feleyn & faste bynd him to a poste. 1467 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 389 Mansleers, ffelons, Outlawes. 1526 Pilgr. Pcrf. (W. de W. 1531' 301 • They dyd leade the bounden as they do theues or felons. 1575 Nottingham Rcc. IV. 158 Ralfe the felon that brake Maister Askewe house. 1592 Shaks. Rom. Jul. v. iii. 69, I do .. apprehend thee for a Fellon here. 1683 Col. Rcc. Pcnnsylv. I. 72 It was proposed that no fellons be brought into this Contrey. 1728 Pope Dune. 1. 281 With less reading than makes felons scape. 1796 Burke Regie. Peace Wks. 1842 II. 318 A gang of felons and murderers. 1818 Cruise Digest (e d. 2) III. 267 Pursued with hue and cry as a felon. 1878 Emerson Misc. Papers, Fort. Republic Wks. (Bohn 1 III. 398 The felon is the logical extreme of the epicure and coxcomb. transf. 1735 Somerville Chase in. 168 Each sounding Horn proclaims the Felon [a Fox] dead. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 26 All this we ascribe to Roger, for we say he brought down the felon [a hawk]. t b. Felon-de-se, felon of oneself : = Felo-de-se. 1648 Bp. Hall Sel. Thoughts § 34 Nothing is more odious amongst men than for a man to be a felon of himself. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. v. i. § 3 A stake is..the monument generally erected for Felons de Se. 1678 Marvell Grcnuth Popery Wks. 1875 IV. 322 If a House [of Parliament] shall once be felon of itself and stop its own breath. + 4 . = Felony i, 2. Obs. c 1335 Cursor M. 22861 (Edin.) pom pair feloun and pair sine, c 1340 Ibid. 13244 1 Fairf.) To pe Iewes fulle of feloun til ham lie made his sarmoun. 5 . attrib. and Comb., as felon-bushranger , felon- worshipper ; felon-setter ( Anglo-Irish ), a thief- taker. Also felon-setting vbl. sb., in quot. attrib. 1859 Cornwallis Nno ll’orld I. 99 A country infested with “felon bushrangers of the most desperate character. 1864 People (Dublin) Feb., The Irish people believe that Mr. Sullivan has more than once acted the part of a “felon- setter. 1890 Pall Mall G. 20 Sept. 4/3 The “felon-setting policy in which they have been engaged for a long time past. 1857 Sat. Rev. III. 272/1 There appear to be three great classes of “felon-worshippers. Felon (fel(?n), sbf Also fellon. [Perh. a. OF. *felon ; a 16 th c. quot. in Godef. s.v. has felons app. corresponding to ulceribus in the L. original; but the translation is loose, and the word may mean ‘cholera’, as in Cotgr.; cf. quot. at felunlyche dyde euere wrong. <71330 — Chron. Wace (Rolls) 3028 pe felonloker pey hem abated, c 1475 Rauf Coilyar 18 Sa feirslie fra the Firma¬ ment, sa fellounlie it fure. 1533 Bellenden Livy v. (1822) 473 The Gaulis als war fellony [read fellonly] invadit be pestilence. 1581 Mulcaster Positions xxxvii. (1887) 166 Ouerflowing number., doth festure fellonly .. with most rebellious enterprises. f FeTonment, adv. Obs. rare. [a. OF. felone- merit , f. felon Felon a. + -merit advb. suffix.] Fiercely, feloniously. c 1470 Harding Chron. cm. ii, Surmittyng hym of robbery felonoment. Ibid. ccx. vi, Some gaue hym batayle full felonement. fFeTonous, a. Obs. Also 4-5 felonnous, (4 felen-, 5 fellenouse). ff. Felon + -ous.] Of the nature of a felon ; like a felon. 1 . Wicked, evil, mischievous. <71374 Chaucer Bocth. 1. iv. 18 Swiche pinges as euery felonous man hap conceyued in hys poii3t a^eins innocent. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) vi. 65 Thei ben right felonouse & foule. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 367/1 A ryght felonnous deuylle. 1533-4 Act 25 Hen. VIII, c. 3 § 1 Felony and felonous stealynge of the same goodes. 1591 Spenser Virgil's Gnat 295 He spide his foe with felonous intent. 1594 First Pt. Contention (1843) 35 A murtherer or foule felonous theefe. 2 . Fierce, cruel, violent. Also, bold, sturdy. c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. p 364 Whan that meinie is felon¬ ous and damageous to the peple by hardinesse of high lordeship. <7x400 Maundev. (1839) xxviii. 291 He is a full felonous Best, c 1477 Caxton Jasony 3 A tyrant felonnous. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccclxxxiv. 648 He .. answered them with a felonous regarde. 1596 Spenser F. (?. tv. x. 33 He. .bit his lip for felonous despight. 3 . Thievish. rare~°. 1570 Levins Manip. 225 F elonouse, fur ax. lienee Felonously adv. 1436 Rolls Parlt. IV. 498 pe said William felonousely and flesshly knewe and ravysslied pe said Isabell. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. xciiii. [xc.] 281 They sayd it was falsely and felonously done. 1532-3 Act 24 Hen. VIII , c. 5 If any euyl disposed person, .doattempt felonouslye to robbe. .any person. Felonry (fei^nri). [f. Felon + -ry.] The whole body or class of felons. Originally applied to the convict population of Australia. *837 J . Mudie Felonry N. S. Wales Introd. 6 The author has ventured to coin the word felonry as the appellative of an order or class of persons in New South Wales. 1850 Carlyle Lattcr-d. Pamph. ii. 23 Interesting White Felonry who are not idle, but have enlisted into the Devil’s regiments of the line. 1858 T. McCombie Hist . Victoria xv. 224 The inundation of the Australian colonies with British felonry. Felony (fe'l^ni), sb . 1 Forms: 3 feluni(e, felonnie, (felun(n)e, -i, 4 feluunye), 3-5 felon- ny(e, 3-7 feloni(e, -ye, 4 felone, -ounie, -y, -owny, 6-7 fellony, 3- felony, [ad. Fr . fclonic — Yt. fellonia, felnia, feunia, Sp. felonia, It. fd- lonia Com. Romanic *fcllonva, f. fellone Felon ; see -y.] + 1 . Villany, wickedness, baseness. Obs. <1290 .S*. Eng. Leg. I. 31/75 Ake 3ut for al is felonie, ne bi-lefde ore louerd nou3t pat [etc.], c 1320 Settyn Sag. (W.) 1003 With gret felonie and with wouhgh. 1393 Gower Conf. II. 317, I shall, .tellen hem thy felonie. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Ayrnon xxiii. 496 He bathe well shewed atte this tyme a grete parte of his grete felony. f b. Anger, wrath. Obs. After OF. in which it is very common. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 62/299 For ore louerd euenede him- sulf to a tomb .. And for it is with-oute felonie, and milde ase ihesu crist. 1375 Barbour Bruce 1. 440 Fra his presence went in by, For lie dred sayr his felouny. 1485 Caxton Paris <$• V. (1868) 38 Sodeynly the doulphyn was moeued in grete felonnye. 1513 Douglas AEncis x. viii. 100 Turnus smyttin full of fellony. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I.cccxxvi. 510 So moche rose the felony of the romayns y l suche as were next to y° conclaue. .brake vp the dore of the conclaue. J- c. Daring, recklessness. Obs. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 109 The admyrall bygan to lawhe for felonnye. t 2 . Guile, deceit, treachery, perfidy. Obs. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1446 He bipo^te him of felonie. c 1325 Coer de L. 4047 The Sarezynes, for felounie, Soone senten out a spie, That hadde be Crystene in hys youthe. <71400 Beryn 1169 She hid so hir felony, & spak so in covert. c 1477 Caxton Jason 78 He ansuerde to him with a mouthe ful of felonnye that [etc.], a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon ii. 4 Whan by hys felony he slew Baudouyn. + 3 . A crime, misdeed, sin. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 16852 (Gott.) Ioseph .. of arimathie, Ne grantted neuer wid will ne werk, to paire gret felune. 13.. E. E. A llit. P. B. 205 pe fyrste felonye pe falce fende wro}t. c 1400 Prymer 63 Schevve to me my felonyes & trespassis ! 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. vii. 5 She .. lamentably re¬ counted to hym all the felonyes and iniuries done to her. FELONY, 149 FELTER. 4 . Law. a. (Feudal Law.) An act on the part of a vassal which involved the forfeiture of his fee. [1292 Britton i. vi. § 3 Volums, que lour terres alienez puis lour felonies fetes soint eschetes as seignurages des feez.] C133 0 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 207 Somond haf |>ei Jon, to Philip courte him dede, To tak his Jugement of hat felonie [MS . felonse\ lime-word Bretaynie\. 1480 Caxton Cron. Eng. cxciii. 169 Or els the man .. shold be falsely endyted of forest or of felonye. 1846 McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854^ II. 471 The term felony, .seems, .to have originally signified the act or offence by which an estate or fief was forfeited and escheated to the lord. b. (Common and Statute Law.) The general name for a class of crimes which may loosely be said to be regarded by the law as of a graver character than those called misdemeanours. The class comprises those offences the penalty of which formerly included forfeiture of lands and goods, and corrup¬ tion of blood, together with others that have been added to the list by statute. (But see quot. 1883.) Properly includ¬ ing treason, but often used in opposition to it. [1292 Britton i. ii. § 10 Si lb. felonie eyt este fete hors de mesoun.] 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 1310 Sle no man wy[> J>yn honde Wy|? outyn iustyce, for felonye. 1472 in Surtees Misc. (1890) 24 Thomas Dransfeld is a theef and has knowelach felony. 1531 Dial, on Lazos Eng. 1. viii. (1638) 18 If a man steal goods to the value of twelve pence or above, it is felony. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. 64 b, I have accused this man of felonie because he tooke my pursse by the high waie side. 1621 Elsing Debates Ho. Lords (Camden) 113 Wemen convicted of small felonyes. <11633 Austin Medit. (1635) 191 His [St.John Baptist’s] Imprison¬ ment .. was neither for Felony, nor Treason, but for being witnesse to the Truth. 1727 De Foe Syst. Magic 1. iii. (1840) 84 He committed a felony even with his fetters on. 1769 Blackstone Comm. IV. 94 Felony., comprizes every species of crime, which occasioned at common law the forfeiture of lands or goods. 1773 Bkydone Sicily vi. (1809) 67 Happy it is that poetical theft is no felony. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) V. 118 It was made felony in the reign of Edward the Third to steal a hawk. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick, i, All means short of felony. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits , Wealth Wks. (Bohn) II. 73 The rights of property nothing but felony and treason can override. 1883 J. F. Stephen Hist. Criminal Lazo II. 192 It is usually said that felony means a crime which involved the punishment of for¬ feiture, bi& this definition would be too large, for it would include misprision of treason, which is a misdemeanour. transf. 1831 Brewster Nezuton (1855) H. xv. 43 Such intellectual felony. 1859 Smiles Self-Help x. (i860) 22 The acquisition of knowledge may protect a man against the meaner felonies of life. c. Felony-de-se : an action or instance in which a person is ‘ felo-de-se ’. Cf. Felo-de-se 2. 1822 Byron Vis. Judg. xciv, Quite a poetic felony ‘de se.’ 1835 Hood Dead Robbery i, P’rhaps, of all the felonies de se. .Two-thirds have been through want of l. s. d .! f Fedony Obs. rare~ x . [a. F .felonie (16th c.), f. felon of same meaning (see Cotgr.).] Cholera. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 11. Ixxiv. 246 The cholerique passion otherwise called the felonie [Fr. la colerique Passion an It re¬ men t dicte felonie\ that is, when one doth vomit continually. t Felony, v. Obs. rare~ l . [f. Felony sbA] trails. ? To perpetrate feloniously. 1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) iv. xxi. 250 All domages and oppressyons the whiche by defaute of correc- cyon ben felonyed. + Feloure. Obs. Also 4 fey lour, foler. [a. OF . fueilleure, -nre, i.fucil leaf.] Foliage. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 1410 Foies in foler fiakerande bitwene. r? 1400-50 Alexander 4821 Cald was h e maste, Quare-of h e feloure & \ie frute as fygis it sawourd. Ibid. 5004 pe lind of pe li3t son louely clethid, With feylour as of fine gold. Felsen, var. of Filsen v. Obs. Felsite (fe’lsoit). Min. [f. fels (in felspar Feldspar) + -ite. The name was given by Kirwan himself (not by Widenmann as his language might seem to imply), and its form is due to his erroneous explanation of Jeldspath (see Feldspar).] = Felstone. 1794 Kirwan Min. I. 326 Felsite, or compact Felspar of Widenmann. 1804 Edin. Rev. III. 310 Kirwan. .has called a substance in question Felsite, and not compact fieldstone. 1868 Dana Min. § 315 (1880) 352 Felsite .. constitutes the base of albite porphyry. 1882 W. J. Harrison in Knozu- ledge 6 Oct. 305 A cream-coloured felsite. attrib., as in felsite porphyry (see quot.). 1877 Le Conte Elein. Geol. 11. (1879) 206 Felsite porphyry .. consists of a grayish or reddish feldspathic mass, con¬ taining large crystals of lighter colored and purer feldspar. Hence Felsi tic a., consisting of or containing felsite or felstone. 1879 Prof. Hughes in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. XXXV. 682 The Felsitic series, consisting chiefly of quartz felsites and probably also of volcanic origin. 1880 Rudler in Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) XI. 49 Crystals of orthoclase disseminated through a felsitic matrix. In these veins the granite is apt to. .become either fine-grained or felsitic. Felsobanyite. Min. [f. (by Haidinger 1852) Ft’lsohany-a in Hungary, near which it is found + -ite.] An orthorhombic sulphate of aluminium found in white or yellowish concretions. Also called Gibbsite. 1856 C. U. Shepard Min. 399 Felsobanyte, In six-sided folia, with two angles of 112 0 . 1863-72 Watts Diet. Chem. II. 838 Gibbsite .. Native trihydrate of aluminium, called also Felsobanyite. 1868 Dana Min. § 695 (1880) 662. Felspar, Felspath- : see Felds-. Felstone (fe'lsDn). Min. [ad. Ger .fels stein, f. fels rock + stein stone. By early German mineralogists used vaguely for amorphous rocks; association with Felsite has given it a more restricted meaning.] (See quot. 1865.) 1858 Geiicie Hist. Boulder xii. 240 Traps .. consisting .. of felspar, whence they are known as felstones. 1865 Page Handbk. Geol. Terms (ed. 2), Felstone , the term now gener¬ ally employed by geologists to designate compact felspar which occurs in amorphous rock-masses .. The term Felsite was at one time employed for the same purpose, but is now all but obsolete. 1875 Croll Climate <$* T. xxvii. 440 The top of the hill is composed of a compact porphyritic felstone. attrib. 1882 J. Hardy in Proc. Berio. Nat. Club IX. 466 A very perfect felstone celt. Felt (felt), sb . 1 Also 4 feltte, 5 feelte, 6 (fealt,) felte, fylt. [Q¥.felt = MD11. and Du. z nit, OHG. filz (MHG. vilz, mod.G. filz ), Sw. and T)&.'filt OTeut. *felto-z-, filtiz- pre-Teut. *pcldos-, -es-. Kluge compares OSlav. plitsti of same meaning. From the WGer. *fltir: —OTeut. *fltiz comes the med.L. filtrum Filter.] 1 . A kind of cloth or stuff made of wool, or of wool and fur or hair, fulled or wrought into a compact substance by rolling and pressure, with lees or size. Also pi. c 1000 Allfric Gloss, in Wr.-Wi'ilcker 120 Centrum , net filtrum, felt, t'1440 Promp. Parv. 154/2 Feelte or quylte, filtrum. c 1450 J. de Garlande in Wright Poe. 124 Capel- larii faciunt capella (hattys) de fultro (feltte). 1555 Edf.n Decades 281 Clokes made of whyte feltes. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage iv. xiii.(i6i4) 411 They have also Idolls of Felt. 1675 Ogilby Brit. 66 Their Trade is in making Serges and Felts. 1801 Wolcott (P. Pindar) Tears <$■ Smiles Wks. 1812 V. 58 Mute Silence with her feet in felt, Did stalk from vale to vale. 1848 Dickens Dombey xviii, After dark there come some visitors, with shoes of felt. 1892 Daily Nezvs 18 May 2/7 A fair trade is passing in.. felts. 2 . A piece of this material, something made of felt, t In early use: A filter made of felt or cloth. 1527 Andrew Brunszuyke's Distyll. Waters Ajb, The first without coste is done thrughe a thre cornered fylt named per filtri distillacionem. 1544 Phaer Regim. Lyfe (1553) G vij a, Take a great sponge or els a felt of a hat, and stiepe it in wine, c 1550 Lloyd Treas. Health (1585) Ij, A felte of heare or cloth. 1612 Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 2 53 Filtrum, a felt. This filtring with a felt, is a kind of preparation of medicines liquid. 1708 Motteux Rabelais iv. xxxi. (1737) 128 His Throat, like a Felt to distil Hippocras. 1753 Hanway Trav. (1762) I. in. xxxiv. 155 On the sides of the room are felts about a yard broad. 1853 hi. Arnold Sohrab e. Ibid. B. 696, & fylter folyly in fere, on femmalez wyse. Ibid. B. 1191 pay fe^t & pay fende of, & fylter togeder. c 1340 Gaiv. asle^enum lice, brom; feltere ; ^earwe; hofe.] c 1440 Promfi. Parv. 154/2 Feltryke, herbe, fislra, fel terre, centaurca. 1530 Palsgr. 219/2 Feltryke an herbe. Peltwort (fe ltw2?.it). Bot. [OE. fcltwyrt, f. Felt sb. + wyrt, Wort.] A name given to the Mullein (Verbascum Thafisus). c 1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 174 Deos wyrt he man uerbascum, & oSrum naman feltwyrt nemne 3 . 14.. Lat.-Eng Voc. in Wr.-Whicker 564 Anuodoma, feltwort. 1878-86 Britten & Holland Plant-n., Feltwort. Felty (fe-lti), a. [f. Felt sb. + -y h] Somewhat resembling felt, felt-like. Also in comb, felty- l'00king adj. 1846 C. Spence in IIa7fi of Perthshire (1S93) 130 High on thy crest The wagtail builds her felty nest. 1847-9 Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 84/1 A felty-looking mass. 1885 H. O. Forbes Nat. JVaud. E. Archifi. 94 Its perianth densely covered with a felty mass of white wool. Feltyfare, -flier, dial, forms of Fieldfare. 1839 Macgillivray Hist. Brit. Birds II. 105 Turd us fiilaris , the chestnut-backed Thrush, or Fieldfare .. Felty¬ fare, Feldyfar, Feltyflier, Grey Thrush. Felucca (feltf-ka). Forms; 7 fal-, feluke, -uque, feleucca, filucca, J-S falucca, (7 falluca, -ocque), 7 phalucco, 8 felouca, 8-9 -uca, 9 fe- louk, -ucco, 7- felucca, [a. It. feln{c)ca , Fr. felouqtie , Sp. fallied , Tg. falua , mod. Arab. falukah, also jjCU fulaikah . Devic considers it to be of Arabic formation, cognate with Arab, fulk ship, f. root Cilia falaka to be round. A small vessel propelled by oars or lateen sails, or both, used, chiefly in the Mediterranean, for coasting voyages. 1628 Digby Voy. Medit., I sent out my pinnace and a falluca. 1655 Theofihania 2 The chief Lord of the place .. entred into a Fallocque that waited for him. 1662 J. Bar- grave Pofie A lex. VII ( i 867'38 Brancaccio. .fled in a felucca [a boat about as big as a Gravesend barge, J. B.] towards Rome. 1728 Morgan Algiers II. iv. 279 The Felucca., landed them privately at Cape Zafran. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789) F ivb, A felucca is a strong passage- boat used in the Mediterranean, with from ten to sixteen banks of oars. 1799 Nelson Lett. (1814) II. 194, I have been with Acton to get a felucca, to send Ball’s dispatch to you. 1879 La dy Brassey Sunsh. Storm (1880) 19 Some officers had started at night in a felucca. Hence Felucca v., to put on board a felucca. 1728 De Foe Mem. Cafit. G. Carleton (1841) 30 He again felucca’d himself, and they saw him no more till [etc.]. Felwet, obs. form of Velvet. Felwort (fe - lw»rt). [OE. feldwyrt, f. fcld ’field + wyrt root.] a. Gentiana Itilca, and other species of gentian, b. Swertiaperennis. c 1000 Sax. Leechd. I. no Deos wyrt |?e man gentianam 8 c oSrum naman feld-wyrt nemnep. 1516 Crete Herb atl lxxxvi. Lvb, De gentiane, felwort or baldymony. 1578 Lyte Dodoens iii. xii. 332 Gentian is called .. in English Felworte. 1641 French Distill, ii. (1651) 46 Take of.. the leaves of Fel-wort. 1756 Watson in Phil. Trans. XLIX. 820 Dwarf Autumnal Gentian, or Fellwort. 1878 86 Britten & Holland Plant-n., Felwort, Gentiana Amarella .. and other species of gentian. b. 1820 T. Green Univ. Herb. II. 640 Szvertia Perennis, Marsh Swertia or Felwort. Female (frinJfi), a. and sb. Forms: 4-6 femelle, (4 femmale, -el), 5-6 femelle, (6 faemale"), 5-7 femal(l(e, Sc. famell, (7 foemal), 4- female. [ME. femelle (14th c.), a. OF .femelle sb. fcm. ( = Pr .femelal) L .femella, dim. o [femina woman. In class. L .femella occurs only with the sense ‘little woman ’; but in popular Lat. it appears to have been used, like the equivalent mod.Ger. weibchen, to denote the female of any of the lower animals, and hence as a designation of the sex in general; cf. masculus , lit. ‘ little man ’, but used already in class. Lat. both as sb. and adj. = ‘male’. The Fr. word has always been chiefly a sb. (though a few instances occur of OF. and Pr .feniel, med. L. feme tins adj.); but from the earliest times it was often used in apposition with an epicene sb., thus becoming a quasi-adj., and in modern Fr. it is to some extent used as a genuine adj, (the form femelle serving for both grammatical genders'. In Eng., on the other hand, the adjectival use is by far the more prominent: the feeling of the mod. lang. apprehends the sb. as an absolute use of the adj. In 14th c. the ending was confused with the adjectival suffix -cl, - at ; the present form female arises from association with male, with which it rimes in Barbour c 1375.] A. adj. I. Belonging lo the sex which bears offspring. 1 . a. of human beings. In Law : Heir , line female. Also predicalively. 1382 Wyclif Gen. i. 27 God made of nou3t man to the ymage and his lickenes .. maal and femaal he made hem of nou^t. 14.. Black Bk. of Admiralty II. 121 Heyres female, c 1425 Wvntoun Cron . iv. xix. 34 He sulde be Kyng of all \>e hale Dat cummyn was be Lyne female. c 1440 Promfi. Parv. 154/2 Femelle, feminius. 1594 Barn- field Comfil. Chastitie iv, Euerie faemale creature. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 59 Lands halden be frie Soccage, quhen lieires male and famell baith persews. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 115 Twelue female beauties. 1671 Milton Samson 711 Who is this, what thing of Sea or Land ? Femal of sex it seems. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IV. 394 The word issue equally comprehends male and female children. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xxx, His female vassals. 1841 Lane A rab. Nts. i. note, White female slaves are kept by many men. b. of animals ; often = she-. 1388 Wyclif Hos. xiii. 8 As a femal here, whanne the whelps ben rauyschid. a 1400 Octouian 310 A female ape. i486 Bk. St. Albans E iija, Other while he is male .. And other while female and kyndelis by kynde. a 1500 Colkclbie Sow 850 Twenty four chikkynis of thame scho hes, Twelf maill and twell famell be croniculis cleir. 1552 Huloet, Female dragon, dracena. 1667 Milton P. L. vii. 490 The Femal Bee, that feeds her Husband Drone. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VII. 298 He enclosed a female scorpion.. in a glass vessel. 1870 Pennell Mod. Pract. Angler 148 A female Salmon. absol. c 1320 Scuyn Sag. (W.) 3716 Ye se. .How a rauen sittes and cries allane .. It es the femal of the tine. 1393 Gower Conf. II. 45 She sigh the bestes in her kinde . .The male go with the femele. 1861 Chaillu Equat. Afr. xx. (ed. 2) 355 In both male and female the hair is found worn off the back. 2 . transf. of plants, trees : a. When the sex is attributed only from some accident of habit, colour, etc. ; sometimes after L .femina. 1548 T urner Names of Herbes (1881) 12 The male [pym- pernel] hath a crimsin floure, and the female hath a blewe floure. 1551 — Herbal 1. (1568) C iij b, Pympernell is of .ij. kyndes : it that hath the blewe floure, is called the female. 1577 B. Googe Hcrcsbach's Hush. 11. (1586) 102 b, The female Elmes .. have no seede. 1578 Lyte Dodoens iii. lx. 400 Two kindes of Femes, .the male and female. Ibid. vi. li. 726 The wilde Cornell tree, is called .. in Latin, Comiis femina : in Englishe, the female Cornel tree. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. iv. i. 48 The female Iuy so Enrings the barky fingers of the Elme. 1726 Leoni Alberti’s Archil. I. 27a, The female Larch Tree, .is almost of the Colour of Honey. 1788 Russell in Phil. Irons. LXXX. 275 The Female Bamboo, .is distinguished by the largeness of its cavity from the male. 1846 Ellis Elgin Marb. J. 105 The female myrtle. 1870 Kingsley in Gd. Words 210/1 A male and female papaw, their stems some fifteen feet high. 1878 86 Britten & Holland Plant-n. 178 Female Hems. ‘Wild hemp.’ 1879 Prior Plant-n. 78 Female-fern, of old writers, not the species now called Lady-fern, but the brake. b. esp. in Female hemp = funble-hcmp : see Fimble sb. 1523, 1877 [see Carl hemp 1]. 1577 [see Carl hemp 2] c. Of the parts of a plant: Fruit-bearing; re¬ sulting in a new individual. # 1791 Gentl. Mag. 2/2 The ear.. is the female part [of maize]. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 118 The stamen .. is called .. the male part; the pistil, being the recipient, is called the female. 1882 Vines Sachs' Bot. 897 The female cell or oosphere. d. Of a blossom or flower : Having a pistil and no stamens ; pistillate; fruit-bearing. 1796 Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) I. 188 I11 the Ribes alpinum, the male and female flowers arc sometimes found on different plants. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. vi. § 3. 191 Flowers are .. Female, when the pistils are present and the stamens absent. 1882 The Garden 11 Mar. 169/3 Little red-tipped female blossoms give promise of a good crop. II. Of or pertaining to those of this sex. 3 . Composed or consisting of women, or of female animals or plants. 1552 Huloet, Female, of the feminine sorte. 1631 Wid- dowes Nat. Philos, (ed. 2) 49 There be sexes of hearbes .. namely, the Male or Female. 1659 Hammond On Ps. lxviii. 11 Annot. 333 All the femal quire .. solemnly came out. 1667 Milton P. L. xi. 610 That fair femal Troop .. that seemd Of Goddesses. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 795 Heifars from his Female Store he took. 1710-11 Swift's Lett. (1767) III. iii They keep as good female company as I do male. 1772 Ann. Reg. 261 An use of the term female sex. .not altogether justified by usage. 4 . Of or pertaining to a woman or women. 1635 A. Stafford (title ), The Femall Glory : or, the Life .. of our blessed Lady. 1700 Drydicn Ovid's Metam. xii. 809 By a Female Hand.. He was to die. 1712-4 Pope Rape Lock iv. 83 There she collects the force of female lungs. 1779-81 Johnson L. P., Pofie Wks. IV. 123 The whole detail of a female-day. 1812 Byron Ch. Har. 1. lxviii, Nor shrinks the female eye. 1823 F. Clissold Ascent of Mont Blanc 22 note, Female intrepidity may finally surmount danger. 1868 Cracroft Ess. II. 277 All this comes of a female instead of a masculine education. b. Engaged in or exercised by women. a 1690 Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1721) V. 358 Serjeant Francis, and one Mr. Pulford were committed for encouraging this Female Riot. 1762 J. Brown Poetry at freike so faithfully louyt. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 11. xcix. (1869) hi, I wot neuere whether i be in femynye, ther wommen hauen the lordship. 1561 Schole-house of Women 9 in Hazl. E. P. P. IV. 106 A foole of late contrived a boke, And all in praise of the femynie. 1692 Coles, Feminie , the women’s country. 1822 Byron Werner iv. i, You bid me. .look into The eyes of feminie. 1834 Fraser's Mag. IX. 639 The dingy feminie who cry their brooms. 1836 M. J. Chapman ibid. XIV. 22 At the good deeds of feminie let no man. .Sneer idly. + Feminile, a. Ohs.~ l [f. L .femin-a + -ilf. ; cf. It .femminilei] Peculiar to a woman ; feminine. 1650 Bulwer Authropomet. iii. 64 This forehead is also called a great forehead, if it be compared with a feminile forehead. Peminility (feminrliti). [f. prec. + -ity.] The character or disposition peculiar to a woman; womanliness, womanishness. Also quasi -concr, 1838 Fraser's Mag. XVIII. 89 True feminility is oftener found contemplating the exquisite points of some soul- subduing picture. 1890 H. Ellis Criminal iii. 53 The corresponding character (feminility) is not found so often. Feminine (feminin), a. and sb. Forms: 4-6 femynyne, 5-6 femenine, -yn(e, 5 femynyng, 6 feminin, -yne, (Sc. famenene), 7-8 foeminine, 4- feminine, [a. OF. and Fr. feminin, -hie, ad. L . feminhnts, i. femina woman.] 1 . Of persons or animals: Belonging to the female sex ; female. Now rare. C1384 Chaucer H. Fame in. 275, I sawe perpetually ystalled A feminine creature. 1393 Gower Conf II. 313 The preie, which is feminine, c 1470 Harding Chron. 279 Edmond.. None issue had neither male ne feminine, c 1500 Meiusine 369 And now for a serpent of femenyne nature ye shake for fere. 1532 More Confiit. Tindale Wks. 434/2, I had as leue he bare them both a bare charitie, as with y J frayle feminyne sexe fall to farre in loue. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. iv. ii. 83 But. .a soule Feminine saluteth vs. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1625) 319 Of which Manly foeminine people [Amazons] ancient authors disagree. 1667 Milton P. L. 1. 423 Those Male, These Feminine, b. humorously. i860 O. W. Holmes Elsie V. (1887) 106 A side of feminine beef was. .obtained. 2 . In same sense, of objects to which sex is attri¬ buted, or which have feminine names, esp, one of the heavenly bodies. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 44 They say that the Moone is a planet Foeminine. 1633 T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter ii. 10 Under her conduct and standard marcheth the whole feminine army, envy, avarice, pride, &c. 1653 H. More Conject. Cabbal. (1713) 83 Five is acknowledged .. to be Male and Female, consisting of Three and Two, the two first Masculine and Feminine numbers, a 1658 Cleveland Hermaphr. 6 Wks. 1687. 19 We chastise the God of Wine With Water that is Feminine. 1751 Harris Hermes Wks. 1841. 130 The earth, .is universally feminine. 1839 Bailey E'estus (1854) 121 Ye juried stars. .Henceforth ye shine in vain to man : Earthy, or moist, or feminine, or fixed. 3 . Of or pertaining to a woman, or to women; consisting of women ; carried on by women. c 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xlix. 189 She lefte asyde her femenyne wyll. c 1500 Meiusine 322 How be it dyuers haue sith sen her in femenyn figure. Ibid. 354 Which cryed with a femenyne voys. 1583 Stanyhurst ^ Eneis 1. (Arb.) 36 Or wyl you soiourne in this my feminin empyre ? 1642 Fuller Holy 4 Prof St. 1. ii. 31 Take notice of some principall of the orders she made in those feminine Academies. 1649 Milton Eikon. vii. (1851) 388 Govern’d and overswaid at home under a Feminine usurpation. 1844 Disraeli Coningsby iii. iii, Feminine society. 1865 Miss Braddon Only a Clod xxxviii, They were growing too serious for feminine discussion or friendly sympathy. 1876 — J. Haggard’s Dan, I. 9 The feminine element in the business was supplied by his maiden sister. 4 . Characteristic of, peculiar or proper to women; womanlike, womanly. 14.. Epiph. in Tundale's Vis. 113 Sche answered most femynyne of chere Full prudently to euery questyon. c 1440 Promp. Pam. 154/2 Femynyne, or woman lyke, muliebris. 1555 Eden Decades 340 Of complexion feminine and fleg- matike in comparison to gold. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 219 To such as be of a feeminine and delicate bodie. 1667 Milton P. L. ix. 458 Her [Eve’s] Heav’nly forme Angelic, but more soft, and Feminine. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 149 r 11 My sister, .the young ladies are hourly tormenting by every art of feminine persecution. 1835 Lytton Rienzi 1. i, There was something almost feminine in the tender deference with which he appeared to listen. 1873 Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. 11. 23 The most virile of poets cannot be adequately rendered in the most feminine of languages. f b. Such as a woman is capable of. Ohs. 1672 Sir T. Browne Let. to Friend xix, Some dreams I confess may admit of easie and feminine exposition. 5 . Depreciatively: Womanish, effeminate. ? Ohs. c 1430 Lydg. Bochas 11. xiv. (1554) 53 b, Last of eche one was Sardanapall, Most feminine of condicion. 1548 Hall Chron. 18 Rebukyng their timerous heartes, and Feminine audacitie. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World 1. 11. i. § 1. 217 Ninias being esteemed no man of warre at all, but alto¬ gether feminine. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reh. 1. (1702) I. 41 He was of so unhappy a feminine temper, that he was always in a terrible fright. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. 11. xxi. 112 Not onely to women, but also to men of feminine courage. 6 . Gram. Of the gender to which appellations of females belong. Of a termination : I’roper to this gender. •)* Of a connected sentence : Consist¬ ing of words of this gender. <-1400 Test. Love ii. (1560) 282/2 So speak I in feminine gendre in general. 1632 Lithgow Trav. x. 472 Spewing forth also this Foeminine Latine : Nam niansueta et miseri- cordiosa cst Ecclcsia, O Ecclesia Romana 1 1774 J . Bryant Mythol. II. 41 Cora .. was .. a foeminine title of the Sun. 1821 R. Turner Arts <5- Sc. (ed. 18)55 Most feminine nouns end in H or i"T. 1845 Stoddart Encycl. Mctrop. I. 30/1 Every noun denoting a female animal is feminine. b. Prosody. Feminine rime : in French versifi¬ cation, one ending in a ‘ mute e' (so called because the mute e is used as a feminine suffix); hence in wider sense, a rime of two syllables of which the second is unstressed. So feminine ending, termin¬ ation (of a line of verse) ; feminine csesura, one which does not immediately follow the ictus. The e feminine-, the French ‘ e mute’, and the similar sound in ME. (dropped in the later lan¬ guage). 1775 Tyrwhitt Chancers Whs. Pref. Ess. iii. § 16 Nothing will be .. of such .. use for supplying the deficiencies of Chaucer’s metre, as the pronunciation of the e feminine. *837-9 Hallam Hist. Lit. I. i. i. § 34. 31 The Alexandrine. . had generally a feminine termination. 1844 Bick & Felton tr. Flunk's Metres 27 The former close, because it termi¬ nates in a thesis, and is on that account, less forcible, is called feminine, the latter, masculine. 1870 Lowell Study Wind. (1886) 247 Of feminine rhymes we find . .fame, justice. 1880 Swinburne Stud. Shaks. ii. (ed. 2) 92 Verses with a double ending—which in English verse at least are not in themselves feminine. B. sh. 1 . The adj. used absolutely. + a. gen. She that is, or they that are feminine ; woman, women. Ohs. c 1440 Songs <$■ Carols 15 th C. (Percy) 65 Not only in Englond, but of every nacion, The femynyng wyl presume men forto gyd. a 1605 Montgomerie Poems (S. T. S.) Iii. 25 The facultie of famenene is so, Vnto thair freind to be his fo. 1667 Milton P. L . x. 893 Not fill the World at once With men as Angels without Feminine. b. With defining word: The feminine element in human nature. 1892 Pall Flail G. 16 June 3/1 The volumes, .display the above-noted characteristics of the eternal feminine in its singing moods. c. A person, rarely an animal, that is feminine; a female, a woman. Now only htimorously. 1513 Bradshaw St. Werlmrge 1. 2021 Doctryne Fer aboue the age of so yonge a femynyne. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. 11 . 1. 235 When .. the Eliphant is so entangled, they guide the feminines towards the Pallace. 1606 Day lie of Guls 11. v, Sweete Femenine, clip off the taile of thy discourse with the sissars of attention. 1665 Glanvill Seeps. Sci. xv. 87 While all things are judg’d according to their suitableness, .to the fond Feminine. 1774 J. Bryant Mythol. I. 202 The Deity .. was represented as a feminine. 1887 Graphic 15 Jan. 67/1 We are two lone feminines. 2 . Gram . A word of the feminine gender. 1607 Topsell Four-f Beasts 114 They call it Zebi, and the feminin herof Zebiah. 1612 Brinsley Pos. Parts (1669) 105 These feminines want the singular number; exuviae, phalerce. 1612 — Lud. Lit. 128 In wordes of three terminations, the first is the Masculine, the second the Feminine, the third is the Neuter. 1706 A. Bedford Temple Fitts, vii. 117 All Fceminines of the Singular Number, do end in n. 1774 J. Bryant Mythol. I. 55 Eliza. .It was made a feminine in aftertimes. 1885 Mason Engl. Gram. 25 Seamstress and songstress are double feminines. + Feminine, v. Obs. [f. prec.] trans. To make feminine ; to weaken, effeminate. 1583 Stubbes Atiat. Abus. 1.(1879) I 7° Musicke. .dooth rather femenine the minde. Femininely (fe'mininli), adv. [f. as prec. + -ly 2 .] In a feminine manner, like a woman; womanishly. Also, in the feminine gender. 1649 Roberts Clavis Bibl. 365 Nor as any peculiar Dialect of this tongue, using this word sometimes femininely. 1814 Byron Lara i.xxvii, So femininely white [that hand] might bespeak Another sex. 1821 — Juan v. lxxx, Now being femininely all arrayed .. He look’d in almost all respects a maid. 1859 T ennyson Enid 1124 Femininely fair and dis¬ solutely pale. Feminineness (fe‘mininnes\ [f. as prec. + -ness.] The state or quality of being feminine; womanliness. 1859 Times 23 Nov. 8/4 Buoncompagni. .is gentle even to feminineness. 1890 Blackw. Flag. CXLVII. 258/2 Without derogating from her feminineness. Femininism. [f. as prec. + -ism.] 1 . The state of being feminine. 1846 in Worcester (citing Phren.Jrnl.), and in mod. Diets. 2 . A feminine or woman’s word or expression. 1892 F. Hall in Nation 13 Oct. 282/3 The locution [very pleased ] has been, all along, in the main a femininism. Feminrnitude. nonce-wd, [f. Feminin-e+ -(i)tude.] The characteristic quality of feminine persons ; womanishness. 1878 J. Thomson Plenipotent Key 19 The spite is but his [Froude’s] femininitude. Femininity (femini*niti). [ME. femininite, f. as prec. + -ity. Cf. Fr. femininity 1 . Feminine quality ; the characteristic quality or assemblage of qualities pertaining to the female sex, womanliness; in early use also, female nature. C1386 Chaucer Flan of Law's T. 262 O serpent under femynynytee. 14.. Lydg. Temple of Glas 1045 Hir face, of femyny[ni]te : Thuru3 honest drede abaisshed so was she. c 1430 Compleynt 326 ibid. App. 63 In whame yche vertue is at rest .. Prudence and femynynytee. 1835 Blackw. Flag. XXXVII. 230 She was all that my most romantic dreams had fancied of femininity. 1893 Westm. Gaz. 22 Feb. 4/2 What she [the American woman] conspicuously lacks, on the other hand, is essential femininit}'. concr. a 1876 G. Dawson Biog. Lcct. (1886) 194 A perfect femininity of architecture, the Venus of Gothic creation. 2 . In depreciative sense : Womanishness. 1863 E. L. Swifte in N. § Q. 3rd Ser. IV. 264 A certain femininity, which our patrcsfamilias call changeableness. 1879 T. P. O’Connor Bcaconsfield 136 Features delicate almost to femininity. 1855 Manch. Exam. 22 July 3/1 The femininity of Fenelon’s nature. 3 . In applied senses: a. The fact of being a female, b. Feminine peculiarity (in shape). 1867 Morn. Star 26 Nov., There is no doubt of her femi¬ ninity, though her counterfeit of a man is .. perfect. 1891 Pall Flail G. 2 June 2/1 A part for which the exuberant femininity of her physique obviously disqualifies her. 4 . concr. Women in general; womankind. 1865 Daily Tel. 12 Apr. 7 Crinoline, .has. .enlightened us respecting the not faultless ankles of femininity. 1878 Mrs. Riddell Mother's Dari. II. xv. 134 She had changed, .into a tenderer and softened specimen of femininity. Fe mininize, v. rare- 1 , [f. Feminine +-ize.] trans. To make (a word) feminine, to give a femi¬ nine form to. 1868 F. Hall Benares 8 The name of King Champa, femi- ninized, became that of the metropolis of Anga, Champa. Feminism (fe^miniz’m). rare. [f. L. femin-a + -ism.] The qualities of females. 1851 in Ogilvie. Feminity (fzmrmti). [ME .feminite, a. OF. feminite, f. Lat. type *feminitas, f. femina woman.] 1 . = Femininity i. 1386 Chaucer Ma?i of Law's T. 262 (Lansd. 360), O serpenl vnder femenyte. c 1470 Harding Chron. Proem xiv, The thyrde sonne .. wedded dame Blaunch, ful of feminytee. c 1485 Digby Flyst. (1882) iii. 71 Here is mary, ful fayr and ful of femynyte. 14.. Pol. Rel.$ L . Poems (x866) 43 Goodnes, the Rote ofall vertve Which Rotide is in youre femynite. 1595 Spenser Col. Clout 515 She is the .. mirrhor of feminitie. 1854 Marion Harland Alonc'w. She laughed at the ludicrous repetition of feminity in the second line. 1868 P.rowning Ring <$• Bk. ix. 299 Put forth each charm And proper floweret of feminity. 2 . = Femininity 2. 1669 H. More Exp. 7 Epist. vi. 83 There being all these symptoms of Feminity in the Church of Rome. 1890 J. Forster in Academy 23 Aug. 149/2 There is .. a decided note of feminity in his genius; a want of manly strength. 3 . = Femininity 4; also a band of women, f Queen of feminity: queen of the Amazons. C1430 Lydg. Bochas 1. viii. (1544) 14a, Theseus ..Weddid Apolita .. The hardy quene of femynitie. 1513 Bradshaw St. Werburge 1.1633 Nexte in ordre. .Was our blessed lady, floure of femynyte. 1813 Hogg Queen s Wake 171, I haif watchit. .Quhairevir blumis femenitye. 1816 Scott Antiq . xxii, I tell thee, Mary, Hector’s understanding, and far more that of feminity, is inadequate to comprehend the extent of the loss. 1872 Browning Fijine xxi, Provided .. this femi¬ nity be followed By.. Fifine ! Feminivorous (feminrvoros), a. rare— 1 , ff. L. femin-a woman + -(t)vor-tis devouring + -OUS.] That eats the flesh of women. 1820 Examiner No. 644. 523/1 Our feminivorous bride¬ groom however is somewhat inconsistently represented. Feminization (feminaiz^-Jan). [f. next + -ATION.] a. The action of making feminine, b. The giving of a feminine inflexion to a word. 1844 Blackw. Flag. LV. 510 There is a sweetness, a soft¬ ness, and feminization of tone, in the lower passages. 1886 H. James Bostonians III. 11. xxxiv. 52 ‘To save it [the sex] from what?’ she asked. ‘From the most damnable femi- nisation !’ 1891 Miss Dowie Girl hi Karp. 115 Their [Poles’] careless and light-hearted feminisation of a verb. Feminize (fe’minaiz), v, [f. 'L.feviin-a 4* -ize. Cf. Fr. feminiser .] a. trans. To make feminine or womanish; to give a feminine cast to (a descrip¬ tion). b. intr. To become or grow feminine. 1652, 1653 [see Feminized]. 1776 ‘Courtney Melmoth* [S. T. Pratt] Pupil of Pleas. II. 98 It only served the more to feminize .. and to recommend her to the spectator. 1790 Mrs. A. M. Johnson Monmouth I. 175 Let not an idea of her feminize a soul that should now burn but for glory and a crown. 1841 J. T. Hewlett Parish Clerk III. 81 Femi¬ nize this description .. and you see Harriette. 1866 Ch. Times 6 Jan. 2/3 Any more than a boy is feminized by learning music. 1892 Nation 21 July 45/2 May it not be said that he feminized him too much? b. 1852 Blackw. Flag. LXXI. 85 The women .. would make those present look very small .. but that they are feminising. FEMISHING, 153 FENCE. Ilcnce Fe*minized ///. a., Feminizing* vbl. sb. 1652 Wright tr. Camus' Nature's Paradox 113 Her vigor¬ ous exertion made them incline to the thought of herbeeing a Male Feminiz'd. 1653 H. More Conject. Cabbal. 45 The Serpent said to the feminized Adam. 1867 Ch. Times 6 July 236/4 The feminizing of the clerical mind is one of. .many.. evils. 1890 Harper s Mag. July 320/1 The husband, if he has become sufficiently .. feminized, may go to the House. Femishing : see Fumishing Obs. || Femme de chambre (famdajanbr). [Fr.] 1 . A lady’s maid. 1762 Sterne Let. 12 Aug., I have got a..decent femme de chambre , and a good-looking laquais. 1824 Medwin Convers. Byron (1832) I. 48 Fletcher’s .. wife .. was at that time femme de chambre to Lady Byron. 1849 Thackeray Pcndcnnis lvii, (1885) 564 Martha .. as femme de chambre, accompanied her young mistress. 2 . A chambermaid. 1890 Eng. I Bust. Mag. Christmas No. 272 The crisp and beamingyi.v/////£$ de chambre of our neighbours across the Channel. Femoral (fe’moral), a . and sb. [f. L . femor-, femur thigh + -al.] A. adj. Of or pertaining to the femur or thigh. Chiefly Anat., as femoral artery, bone, etc. 1782 S. Sharp Surgery Intr. (ed. 10) 50 The largest crooked needle.. should be used.. in taking up the.. femoral.. arteries in amputation. 1800 Med. Jrnl. IV. 333 The phenomena which occurred in a case of deep-seated femoral hernia. 1821 Scott Kcnilw. xxx, Flibbertigibbet .. thrust a pin into the rear of the short femoral garment. 1840 Hood Kilmansegg, Her Accident xx, The femoral bone of her dexter leg. 1872 F. G. Thomas Dis. Women 636 They may enter the femoral, umbilical, and ischiatic openings. B. sb, = fern oral art ay. 1859 Todd Cycl. Anat. V. 542/1 In the Sloth, .the brachials and femorals are split up. 1881 Mivart Cat 213 The femoral gives off a large branch called the deep femoral. + Fe morals, sb. pi. Obs. In 7 femoralles. [a. O F. fetnoralles — late L. fetnordlia, f. femor -, femur thigh.] Clothing for the thighs ; breeches. 1609 Bible (Douay) Lev. vi. io The priest shal be revested with the tunike and the linnen femoralles. Femur (frm&i). PI. femurs (frmzbz), fe¬ mora (feunora). [a. 'L. femur thigh.] 1 . Anat. The thigh bone in man and other verte- brata. 1799 in Med. J'ml. II. 482 The femur, .was found in blackish fragments. 1830 R. Knox Btclard's Anat. § 615 A case of false joint in consequence of the fracture of the neck of the femur. 1869 Gillmore Reptiles <$■ Birds i. 12 The femur, or thigh, is much lengthened and slightly curved. 1872 Nicholson Palxont. 314 The thigh-bone or femur, corre¬ sponding with the humerus in the fore-limb. 2. Entom . The corresponding part in an insect; the third articulation of the foot. 1834 McMurtrie Cuviers Anim. Kbigd. 327 The ambu¬ latory organs of locomotion consist of .. a femur, etc. 1875 VV. Houghton Sic. Brit. Insects 128 In some genera the femur of the hind legs is enormously swollen. 3 . Arch. ‘ The space between the channels [of the Triglyph] * (Gwilt). 1563 Shute Archil. Djb, The pillor shalbe garnished with Canalicoli .. and the fifth parte is for Striae, which are also called Femora. Fen (fen), sb? Forms : a. 1 fen(n, 3-7 fenn(e, (4 feen, 6 finne, fene), 2- fen. p. 2 ven, 2-4 venn(e. [OF .fyt,fyin neut., masc. = OFris. / bine, fene masc. (MDu., MLG. venne, Du. ven fern., Du. veen neut.) water-meadow, bog, OHG. fenna fern., fenni neut. (Ger.yft//;^ neut.,/i?/*;z fern.) marsh, ON .fen neut., quagmire, Goth, fani neut., mud OTeut. *fanjo(in (- jo-z, -jd).~\ 1 . Low land covered wholly or partially with shallow water, or subject to frequent inundations ; a tract of such land, a marsh. Beenvulf 104 (Gr.) Se he moras heold fen and faesten. r888 K. /Elfred Boeth. xviii. § 2, & eall \>xt his fennas & moras £enumen habbaS. c 1205 Lay. 18113 He .. drof Irisce men ijeond wateres and 3eond fenes. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 146 Grantebrigge & hontendone mest plente of dep ven. c 1325 King of Almaigne in Pol. Songs (Camden) 70 He hath robbed Engelond, the mores ant th[e] fenne. c 1440 York Myst. vii. 126 They will slee me, be ffenne or ffrith. 1523 Skelton Garl. Laurel 1321 In Lerna, the Grekis fen. 1600 Hakluyt Voy. (1810) III. 584 Mexico, which is seated in a great fen. 1727-46 Thomson Summer 1028 The joyless sun . .draws the copious steam from swampy fens. 1808 J. Bar- low Columb. iv. 593 Win from the waters every stagnant fen. 1883 Stevenson Treas. Isl. in. xiv. (1886) 111 The margin of the broad, reedy fen. fig. 1676 Marvell Mr. Smirke 36 He did .. cut Poe-dike to let in a Flood of all Heresies, upon the Fenns of Christi¬ anity. 1802 Wordsw. '■Milton / thou should''st be living', England hath need of thee ; she is a fen Of stagnant waters. 1866 Alger Solit. Nat. Man hi. 129 The hot fen of emu¬ lation and vice. b. esp. + The fen (obs.), the fens : certain low- lying districts in Cambridgeshire, Lincolnshire, and some adjoining counties. 905 O. E. Chroti. an. 905 Eall o 5 Sa fennas nor 3 . c 1540 Pilgr. Tale i in Thy tine's Animadv. (1875) App. 1. 77 In lincolneshyr, fast by the fene, ther stant a hows. 1631 Star Chamb. Cases (Camden) 59 Divers lands and wast grounds called the Fennes. 1770 Gray in Corr. N. Nicholls (1843) 115 Two hundred thousand acres are drowned in the Fens here. 1809 Med. Jrnl. XXL 92 A short visit to the Fens of Cambridgeshire. 1890 Murray s Handbk. Lincolnshire 4 Large flocks of geese are still kept in the Fens about Spalding. VOL.JV. + 2 . Mud, clay, dirt, mire, filth. Also, excrement. ^897 K. /Elfred Gregory's Past. xvi. 104 He underfehS cket fenn Sara Sweandra. c 1000 /Elfric Gloss, in Wr.- Widcker 147 Limns , luturn , fenn. c 11 75 Lamb. Horn. 47 Ieremie. .stod. in )>e uenne up to his muoe. c 1250 Gen. e poete. 3 . slang. (see quots.) ? Obs. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Fag the Fen , drub the Whore. 1725 New Cant. Diet., Fen , a Strumpet, or Bawd, a common Prostitute. 4 . attrib . and Comb. a. simple attributive, as fen bank , - boat, -boot, -country, - duck , -dyke, - earth, fowl, frog, -grass, •land (whence fen-lander), -river, -rush, -skate, -skater, -skating ,; -soil. b. ob¬ jective, as fen-affecter, -dweller , farmer, farming, -paring, c. originative, as fen-born , -bred, -sucked adjs. 1616 Chapman Batrachom. 17 The farre-fam’de * Fen- affecter. 1691 Ray Creation 11. (1692) 73 The *Fenbanks in the Isle of Ely. 1890 Daily News 12 June 6/2 A fen-bank about six miles from Peterborough. 1766 Pennant Zool. (1769)111. 272 One of the little *fen boats. 1805 Edin.Rev. V. 401 The hard seam of his *fen-boot. 1641 Milton Ch. Govt. 11. 63 That *fenborn serpent. 1871 Swinburne Songs bcf. Sunidse, Eve of Revolution 296 These fen-born fires. 1597 Drayton Mortimeriados 116 The *fen-bred vapours. 1830 T. Allen Hist. Lincolnsh. I. iii. 65 Other rivers of the *Fen Country. 1867 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) I. vi. 441 The great religious houses of the fen country. 1620 Venner Via Recta iii. 65 The *Fenducke, or Moore-hen. 1610 *Fen-dweller [see Fen-man]. 1647 Fuller Good Th. in Worse T. (1841) 84 Strange that those fen-dwellers should approach the fiery region. 1878 Miller & Skertchley Fenland xiii. 416 The spleen of fen-dwellers is often enlarged. c X7X0 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 127 Ye *ffendiks .. are deep ditches w th draines. a 1728 Woodward Fossils (1729) 1 .205 The surface is of Black * Fen Earth. 1891 A. J. Foster The Ouse 196 The *fen-farmers still gather in its market¬ place on Thursdays. 1852 Clarke Fen Sketches 262 The unexampled improvements which have taken place in *Fen- farming. 1865 Kingsley Herew. xxi, Listen ye *fen-frogs all. 1844 Hardy in Proc. Berzu. Nat. Club II. 108 A cover¬ ing of *fen-grasses. a 1000 Guthlac (1848) 50 He Jmrh J?a *fenland reow. 1070 O. E. Chroti. an. 1070 pet Englisce folc of eall pa feon landes comen to heom. 1855 Longf. Hiaw. Introd. 30 In the moorlands and the fen-lands, a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1811) II. 21 Apud Girvios ; that is, amongst the *Fenlanders. 1797 A. Young Agric. of Suffolk 161 A very complete and effective tool, called a Ten-paring plough, the furrow of which is burnt. 1546 Langley Pol. Verg. De Invent. 11. vii. a .5 a, A kind of *fen-rishes y t grew in the marish groundes of Egipt. 1892 Badminton Libr., Skating vii. 268 A standard type of *Fen skates. 1882 N. & A. Goodman (title). Handbook of *Fen skating. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 375 Light *fen soils. 1605 Shaks. Learn, iv. 169 You *Fen-suck’d Fogges. b. In various plant-names, etc. : as, fen-berry, the cranberry ( Vacciniitni Oxycoccus) ; fen-cress = Watercress (.Nasturtium officinale) ; + fen- down = Cotton-grass ; fen grapes =fenberry ; fen lentil, water lentils (.Lemna minor) ; fen-rue (see quot.); +fen whort —fen-berry. 1578 Lyte Dodoensw. xi. 671 Those which the Germaynes doo call Veenbesien, that is to say Marsh or *Fen-berries. 1678 Littleton Lat. Diet, s.v., Fen-berries. 1863 Prior Plant-u. (1879) 77 Fen-berry, from its growing in fens, the cranberry, c 1000 Sax. Lecchd. II. 18 WiJ> heafod wserce, Senim. .*fencersan. 1818 Todd, Fen-cress. 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 19 With no scalded fethers nor Ten downe nor none other unlawful and corrupt stuffes. 1720 Strype Stow's Sum. (1754) II. 317/2 They .. bought Fen Down .. for an Half penny a Pound, and sold the same among Feathers for 6d. a Pound. 1597 Gerarde Herbal iii. clxvi. 1367 Moszbeeren, Veenbesien; that is to saie *Fen grapes or Fen berries. 1878 86 Britten & Holland Plant-n Fen Grapes, Vac- cinium Oxycoccus L. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 378 After the manner of * Fen-lentils or Duckes meat. 1863 Prior Plant-n. (1879) 77 * Fen-Rue, from its divided rue-like leaves and place of growth. Thalictrnm Jlavnm L. 1578 Lyte Dodoens vi. xi. 671 Marrishe or *Fen Whortes grow .. in low, moyst places. 5 . Special comb, f fen-canopy (see quot.) ; fen-cock (see quot.); fen-cricket, the mole cricket (Gryllotalfa vulgaris) ; fen-fever, a ma¬ larious fever ; fen-fire = Ignis fatuus, a will of the wisp ; fen-goose, usually the Grey-Lag Goose (Anser cinereus ); fen-nightingale (see quot.); fen-oak (see quot.) ; fen-pole, a jumping pole for crossing ditches, etc.; fen-reeve, an officer having charge of fen lands; fen-runners, a kind of skates suitable for fen-skating; fen-shake, the ague; fen-slodger, a name given to the Fen-men ; fen- thrush (see quot.). Also Fen-hood, Fen-man. 1658 Rowland Moufet's Theat. Ins. 957 Our Countreymen that live about the Fens have invented a .. * Fen-canopy .. made of .. Cowes dung .. with the smell and juice whereof the Gnats being very much taken, .let them sleep quietly in their beds. x88o W. Cornwall Gloss., *Fencock, the water- rail. 1678 Littleton Lat. Did., A * Fen-cricket, gryllo- talpa. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Supp., Fen-cricket, a name given by some people to the gryllotalpa. 1772 J. Lind (title), A Treatise on the Putrid and Remitting *Fen Fever. 1814-5 Shelley * The cold earth' iii, As a ^fenfire’s beam on a sluggish stream, Gleams dimly. 18.. Swinburne A thens , Mocked as whom the fen-fire leads. 1606 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. iv. 11. Magnif 426 The wilde *Fen-goose. 1766 Pennant Zool. (1776. 4°) II. 482 Grey Lag, the Fen- Goose of Lister. 1885 Swainson Trov. Names Birds 147 Fen, or Marsh, goose, a 1825 Forby Voc. E. Anglia, * Fen- nightingale, a frog. 1868 W. H. Wheeler Fens S. Lin- colnsh. 69 Nor must the mention of the fen nightingales or frogs be omitted. 1886 S. W. Line. Gloss, * Fen-oaks, willows. 1844 Camp of Refuge I. 10 It was a fen-pole, such .. as our fenners yet use. 1865 W. White E. Eng. II. 172 The common lands are under the charge of ‘ ^fen-reeves’. 1873 Kingsley Plays <5- Puritans 76 How merrily their long *fen-runners whistled along the ice-lane. 1794 G. Adams Nat. Sf Exp. Philos. 1 . ix. 350 What they [imported Irish reapers] call the *fen-shake. 1856 P. Thompson Hist. Boston 644 The Fenmen .. were a century later known as Slodgers or *Fen-Slodgers. 1893 Baring Gould Cheap Jack Zita I. 57 Sons or grandsons of half-wild fen-slodgers. 1854 Baker Gloss. Northampton I. 226 * Fen-thrush, the missel-thrush, Turdus viscivorus. 1885 Swainson Prov. Names Birds 2 Missel Thrush (Turdus viscivorus) .. Fen Thrush (Northants). Fen (fen), sb . 2 dial. [OE. fyne mildew; the mod. form (with e for OE. y) is Kentish ; cf. Fenny a. 2 , Vinewed.] A mould or parasitical fungus that attacks the hop-plant. 1731 S. Hales St at. Fss. I. 33 Hops were all infected with mold or fen. 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. (1807) II. 249 The mould or fen mostly occurs at a somewhat later period. 1842 Johnson Farmer'sEncycl.. Fen, the name of a distemper to which hops are subject. It consists of a quick-growing mould or moss. II Fen, sb .3 [fen, in L. version of Avicenna, ad. Arab. ^9 fann species, class.] A section in Avicenna’s Canon. c 1386 Chaucer Pard. T. 562, I suppose that Avycen Wrot never in canoun, ne in non fen Mo wonder sorwes. 1541 R. Copland Guydons Quest. Chirurg. Q iij, Sayth Auycen in his fyrste fen of the fyrste boke of his Canon. f Fen, v . 1 Obs. rare. [? f. OF .ficn dung (see Fients) ; but cf. Fen sb?- 2. The word occurs several times on the page, always in the form fenon (inf. and 3 pers. pi.).] intr. Of certain animals ; To void dung. i486 Bk. St. Albans F ij a, All bestis that bere talow and stonde vpright Femayen when thaydo so say as I the kenne And all oder fenon that rowken downe thenne. Fen (fen), v 2 Also fain. [Usually taken to be a corruption of Fend v.~\ trans. To forbid. Only in ( Fen {larks, etc.)! ’, a prohibitory exclamation, used chiefly by boys at marbles, etc., in order to balk, bar, or prevent some action on the part of another. 1823 Moor Suffolk Words 125 Fen slips over again. 1852 Dickens Bleak Ho. xvi, ‘ I’m fly says Jo. ‘ But fen larks, you know ! Stow hooking it 1864 Bartlett Did. Amer., ‘ Fen play', I forbid you to play. 1888 Berksh. Gloss, s.v. Ven, If one player says ‘ ven knuckledown ’ this means that his opponent must shoot his marble without resting his hand on the ground. I Pe nage. rare [a. OF. fenctgc, f. fencr to make hay late I., fxnare, f. L. fstnum hay.] Hay crop. 1610 W. Folkingham Art of Survey i. x. 25 The sowing of the seede of Trefoyle .. doth much inrich Meddowes .. both in Forrage and Fenage. Fenaunce, obs. form of Finance. t Fe nbrede. Obs. rare. [perh. f. Fen sb . 1 + Bred, board.] = Mould-board. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 3 The fenbrede is a thyn borde, pynited or nayled .. to the lyft syde of the shethe in the ferther ende, and to the ploughe tayle in the hynder ende. Fence, sb. Also 4 fens, 6 fenst. [aphet. f. of Defence.] + 1 . The action of defending ; = Defence. Also, the attitude of self-defence ; in To stand at fence. ri33o R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8638 J>en Octa studied in his fought: To stonde to fens auailled nought. 1375 Barbour Bruce xx. 384 That for default of fenss so was To-fruschit in-to placis ser. £1430 Syr Tryam. 551 He stode at fence ageyne them, a 1400-50 Alexander 4753 For nouthire fondis he to flee ne na fens made. £1500 Felon Sowe Rokehy in Whitaker Craven (1878) 569 Yet, for the fence that he colde make, Scho strake y t fro his hande. + b. Cap offence : see Cap sb. 4. Coat offence : see Coat sb. 5. So Doublet offence : see Doublet. House of fence \ a fortified house. Man of fence ; a defender. Obs. £1425 Wyntoun Cron. ix. xxi. 12 De Hous of fens of Dal- wolsy. 1463 Mann. # Housch. Exp. (1841) 158 Ffusten. .ffor to make doblettys off ffence. £1470 Henry Wallacew 1095 No man of fens is left that house within. 1488 Willof Shame- bourne (Somerset Ho.), Doblette of fence. 1514 Will of R. Peke of Wkd. 4 June, All my cottes of fense of manse body. 1555 Reg. Gild Corp. Christi York (Surtees) 202 My coote of fenst, and steele cappe. 1664 Flodden F. 1. 5 Each house of fence to fortify. 2 . The action, practice, or art of fencing, or use of the sword. To make fence : to assume a fencing attitude. Also, Master, teacher of fence. 1533 Udall Flowres LatineSpeaking 11560' 133 Discipliua gladiatoria, is. .the waie of trainyng men in. .the schooles that maisters of fence keepe. X535 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 131 Dennys, a poore scholler and a teacher of fence. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado v. i. 75 He proue it on his body .. Despight his nice fence. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. 1. v. 22 Trusting to the false rules of a master of Fence. 1828 Scott F. M, Perth iv, A man must know his fence, or have FENCE. 154 FENCE. a short lease of his life. 1831 Examiner 17/2 He will point his sword at shadows, and make fence at your cat. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 459 A man of.. consummate skill in fence. 1863 Mrs. C. Clarke SJiaks. Char. iii. 87 Osric. . comes to announce, .the wager at fence with Laertes, b. transf 1634 Milton Comus 790 Enjoy your gay rhetoric, That hath so well been taught her dazzling fence. 1862 Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) V. xliv. 254 Fence of tongue was the weapon with which they were to maintain .. their honour. 1871 Blackie Four Phases i. 79 The Sophists were cunning masters of fence. 1883 Contemp. Rev. June 871 That shrewd critic and experienced professor of Parliamentary fence. + 3 . Means or method of defence; protection, security. Obs. C1440 Promp. Parv. 155/1 Fence, defence fro enmyes, protcccio, de/ensio. 1565 Jewel Repl. Harding 550 It is thought to be the surest fence, & strongest warde for that Religion, that they should be keapte stil in ignorance. 1627 May Lucan 11. 408 His choisest buildings were but fence for cold. 1691 T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. 39 To deliver up his Majesty’s Ships to the . .Worm . .wholly unprovided of any Fence against them. 1745 Dc Foe's Eng. Tradesman (1841) I. ix. 67 Employment is said to be the best fence against temptation.^ 1756 Nugent Montesquieu's Spir. Laws (1758) I. xn. ii. 261 The subject has no fence to secure his innocence. Proz>erb. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulks? Selv. 98, I dare be bold to say, ’Tis such a flail as there can ne’re be fence for. 1730 Swift Poems , On Stephen Duck 115 The Proverb says; No Fence against a Flail. 4 . cotter. That which serves as a defence. + a. Of persons : A bulwark, defence. Obs. c 1400 Destr. Troy 7363 He was fully the fens .. Of all the tulkes of Troy. 1552 Godly Prayers in Litnrg. Semi. Q. Eliz. (1847) 248 O Lord Jesus Christ, the only stay and fence of our mortal state. b. Of things : A defence, bulwark, arch, (now with mixture of sense 5). c 1440 Promp. Pari’. 155/1 Fence, or defence of closynge (clothynge, P.). 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. I.uke x. 4, I send you forth naked, wythout weapon or fense. 1671 Grew Anat. Plants (1682) 1. ii. 17 The Skin is the Fence of the Cortical Body. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 11. 483 A hilly Heap of Stones above to lay. And press the Plants with Sherds of Potters Clay. This Fence against immod’rate Rain they found. 1700 S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 183 [The river] is a mighty Fence to the City Odia. 1727 Swift Gulliver iv. iv. 278 My whole body wanted a fence against heat and cold. 18x4 Scott Ld. of Isles nr. xix, Deer-hides o’er them cast, Made a rude fence against the blast. 1838 Thirlwall Greece II. 278 They hastily formed a high fence out of the wrecks round the fleet. Jig. X73 2 Lediard Sethos II, Strangers would not believe there was a sufficient fence against crimes, i860 Pusey Min. Proph. 311 They sin, who first remove the skin .. or outward tender fences of God's graces. + e. spec. The tusk of an elephant ( = Fr. defense). Also, the involucre of a flower. Obs. 1727 Philip Qitarll 219 The Fences of an Elephant, and the Tusks of a wild Boar. 1776 Withering Brit. Plants (1796) II. 171 Involucrum, or fence, 2 leafits .. to each floret. 5 . An enclosure or barrier (e.g. a hedge, wall, railing, palisade, etc.) along the boundary of a field, park, yard or any place which it is desired to defend from intruders. Sunk fetice: one placed along the bottom of a depression in the ground ; sometimes applied to a ditch. Often preceded by a qualifying word, as: gun-, pale-, quick-, ring-, snake-, wire-, etc. fence, for which see those words. 1512 Nottingham Rec. III. 340 Owre fense be twixe our medo and Wilforth Pastur. 1570 Levins Manip. 63/16 A Fence, vallum. 1611 Bible Ps. Ixii. 3 As a bowing wall shall ye be, and as a tottering fence. 1697 Dryden AlucuI ix. 457 The famished lion.. O’erleaps the fences of the nightly fold. 1711 Addison Sped. No 56 p 3 This huge Thicket of Thorns and Brakes was designed as a kind of Fence or quick-set Hedge. 1767 A. Young Farmer’s Lett. People 62 They .. keep their fences in admirable repair. 1786 Gilpin Obs. Piet. Beauty Cumbrld. I. 136 The lake performing the office of a sunk fence. 1832 Act 2-3 Will. IV, c. 64 Sched. O. 1648 That point in a stone fence which is imme¬ diately opposite a. .pool. 1832 Ht. Martineau Ireland i. 2 A turf bank, was the best kind of fence used. 1891 Edge in Law Times XC. 395/1 An ordinary fence, consisting of a ditch and a bank. b. transf. and fig. 1639 Fuller Holy War 1. iii. (1840) 4 When the fence of order was broken. 1691 Hartcliffe Virtues 105 Those who have broken through all the Fences of Law. 1712-4 Pope Rape Lock 11. 119 Oft have we known that seven-fold fence [petticoats] to fail. 1761-2 Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) V. Ixx. 250 To throw down all fences of the constitution. 1820 Lamb Elia Ser. 1. Christ's Hasp., Breaking down the strong fences of shame, and awkwardness. c. Phrases: chiefly U.S, (To stand or sit) on or upon the. fence : (to be) undecided in opinion, or neutral in action. ( To be) on a person's, the other side of the fence : (to be) on his side, on the side opposed to him. To descend on the right side of the fence : to take the side of the winner. To put ones horse at a fence: to spur hirn on to leap it. To make a Virginia fence : * to walk like a drunken man ’ (Lowell Biglozv Papers Introd.). 1745 Franklin Drinker's Did. Wks. 1887 II. 26 He makes a Virginia Fence. 1848 Lowell Biglcno P. Poems 1890 II. 82 A man represents Not the fellers that sent him, but them onjhe fence. 1862 Ibid. 287, 1 mean a kin’ o’ hangin’ roun’ an’ settin’ on the fence. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. vi. It’s allers best to stand missis’s side the fence. 1863 Holland Lett. Joneses v. 80 Any man who would stand upon the fence. 1887 A. Lang Myth , Ritual S? Relig. II. 350 Mr. Morgan, .puts his hobby at its highest fence. 1891 Salisbury in Guardian 28 Jan. 158/2 They gently descended on the right side of the fence. 6. Technical uses. a. A guard, guide, or gauge designed to regulate the movements of a tool or machine. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 72 The Fence of the Plow [a grooving-plane] is set to that Distance off the Iron-Plate of the Plow, that you intend the Groove shall lie off the edge of the Board. Ibid. 79 The Handle should on either side become a Fence to the Tongue. Ibid. 90 These Nails are . .to serve for Fences to set, and fit each piece into its proper place. 1823 P. Nicholson Prod. Build. 222 Fence of a Plane.—A guard, which obliges it to work to a certain horizontal breadth from the arris. 1872 J. Richards Wood¬ working Machinery 185 A long strip or fence passing behind as well as in front of the saw. b. (See quots.) 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Fence , the arm of the hammer-spring of a gun-lock. 1874 Knight Did. Mech. I. 1835/2 Fence (locks), an arm or protection which enters the gates of the tumblers when they are adjusted in proper position and coincidence. c. A ferrule, rare. 1862 Borrow Wild Wales I. 231 A thin polished black stick, .at the end was a brass fence. 7 . A state of prohibition, rare exc. attrib.; cf. fence-date , - month, - season , -time in 11. 1874 Stubbs Const. Hist. I. xii. 537 [By the Great Charter] all rivers placed in fence [L. in defenso\ are thrown open. 8. Thieves' slang, a. A receiver of stolen goods. a 1700 in B. E. Did. Cant. Crew. 1708 J. Hall Mem., The fence and he are like the devil and the doctor. 1812 Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 209 Habberfield.. was considered the safest fence about town. 1838 Dickens O. Twist xiii, Ill-treating the boys, you. .in-sa-ti-a-ble old fence, b. A receiving house for stolen goods. 1847 IUust. Lond. News 22 May 232 The keeper of the 1 fence ’ loves to set up in business there. 1848 Punch XIV. 149 Let M. Galignani rejoice ; and let his Bibliotheque .. still remain the greatest literary 1 fence ’ in Europe. 1863 W. B. Jerrold Sign. Distress iii. 26 The slums of London —the fences and padding-kens. 9 . Sc. Law. [from the vb.] The action of fencing in various senses. Cf. Fence v. 8. 1541 Burgh Rcc. Prestwick 2 June (1834) 57 For |?e losen of ane fens maid be [>e said Allex r . apoun ane wob of Jonat Hunter. ^1575 Balfour Pradicks 273 The affirmatioun and fence of the court, that na man tak speach upon hand.. except the persewar and defender. 10. attrib. and Comb. General relations: a. ap- positive (sense 5), as fence-wall. b. attributive (sense 2), as fence-school ; (sense 4 b), as ffence- fabric \; (sense 5), as fence-cornier, -post. 1876 Daily News 5 Oct. 6/1 He sallies from his siesta in a *fence corner. 1609 Holland Amm. Marcell. xxix. ix. 253 The *Fence-fabrickes and all devices else requisite for a siege, were in readinesse. 1874 Knight Did. Mech. I. 836/1 A device, .used for driving ^fence-posts. 1885 H. C. M c Cook Tenants of Old Farm 196, I was standing by a fence-post. 1598 Barret Theor. Warr's 1. i. 7 As one that vseth often the *Fence-schooles. 1642 Fuller Holy <$• Prof. St. iv. x. 285 He was diligent in. .beating down .. the Manicheans, in whose Fence-school he was formerly brought up. 1823 P. Nicholson Prad. Build. 338 *Fence-WalI—A wall used to prevent the encroachment of men or animals. 11 . Special comb.: fence-guards (see quot.) ; fence-jack (see quot.); fence-lizard (see quot.); f fence-man, a gladiator; fence-month, (a) originally the time of fawning for deer, a period of about 30 days at the end of June and beginning of July, during which hunting was forbidden ; ( b) more broadly: the close season for fishing, etc., during the time of breeding, not always being re¬ stricted to one month ; fence-play, + (a) a gladia¬ torial combat; ( b ) transf. discussion ; + fence- roof, a roof for defence = L. testudo; fence-season, fence-time, a close season or time for fish, swans, etc. (see fence-month) ; fence-shop, a shop at which stolen goods are sold; fence-viewer, ( If. S.) an officer whose duty it is to see to the erection and maintenance of boundary and highway fences. 1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining, * Fence-guards, rails fixed round the mouth of a pit-shaft, to keep people and things from falling in. 1874 Knight Did. Mech. I. 836/1 * Fence-jack, a lever jack adapted for lifting the comer or lock of a worm-fence in order to lay in a new bottom-rail. 1889 Century Did., * Fence -lizard, the common small lizard or swift of the United States. 1553 Grimalde Cicero's Offices 11. (1558) 98 With hired *fencemen he suppressed all Publius Clodius attempts. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Gladi- ateur .. a maister of Fence, a fence man. 1594 Crompton Jurisdiction 197 * Fence moneth is alwaies xv daies afore Midsomerand xv daies after. 1766 Pennant Zool. (1769) III. 245 There is no law for preserving the fish in it during the fence months. 1855 Doran Queens Eng. Ho. Hanover II. vii. 117 The bucks were denied, and he himself once shut out, on pretence it was fence month. 1580 North Plutarch (1676)434 Games .. Wrestlings, and *Fence-playes. 1878 Browning LaSaisiaz 25 Passing lightlyin review, .a certain fence-play-strife. 1609 Holland^;;/;//. Marccll. xxix. xiv. 372 The Romans .. fitted their shields close one to another in manner of a *fence-roufe. 1880 Times 21 Dec. 6/4 To stop .. the alleged traffic of salmon during the ‘close’ or ‘*fence’ season. 1789 G. Parker Life's Painter xv. 153 In Field-lane, where the handkerchiefs are carried, there are a number of shops called *Fence-shops, where you may buy any number. 1546 Plumpton Corr. 251 Ye shall come no time wrong, ^fence-time then other. 1584 in Binnell Descr. Thames (1758) 63 Fence ..Times, in which these Fishes are not to be taken. 1886 J. Hopkins' Univ. Stud. IV. 20 In 1647, *fence viewers were appointed, by whom every new building had to be approved. Fence (fens), v. Also 5-6 fens(e. [f. the sb.] 1 . intr. a. To practise the use of the foil or sword, b. To use the sword scientifically either for offence or defence. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. 11. iii. 14 Alas sir, I cannot fence. 1684 R. H. School Rccreat. 57 Defending your self from the Thrusts or Blows of those you Fence with. 1737 Fielding Hist. Reg. in. Wks. 1882 X. 225, I do a warrior ! I never learnt to fence. 1779 Sheridan Critic iii. Wks. 1873 II. 181 Captain, thou hast fenced well ! 1829 Lytton Disentitled 147, I hope you both fence and shoot well. c. transf. of animals. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iii. 343 The bellowing Rivals., fence, they push, and pushing loudly roar. d. fig. Frequently of a witness: To fence with (rarely trans. to fence), to parry, try to evade (a question). 1665 Boyle Occas. Reft. iii. vi. (1845) 158 He rather fences with sin. 1677 Yarranton Eng. Improv. 9 The Friends .. fence to get all the Estate. 1855 Motley Dutch Rep. (1864) I. 151 For several months .. diplomatists fenced among themselves. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. VI. xx. iii. 47 Seldom in the Arena of this Universe did a Son of Adam fence better for himself. 1880 Kinglake Crimea VI. v. 175 The gallant French .. could only fence with an evil so great. 1887 Jessopp Arcadyv i. 181 The question he seemed dis¬ posed to fence with. 1890 Standard 22 Feb. 5/2 The Chairman, .ought, .to be able to overcome the tendency to * fence * awkward questions. 2 . trans. (Const, against, from.) To screen, shield, protect: a. the body, or a part of it. - 1549 Olde Erasm. Par. 2 Cor. vi. 7 On euery syde surely fensed with the armoure of iustice. 1581 Mulcastkr Positions xxvii. (1887) 106 The arme in this [arm ball] is fensed with a wooden brace. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary (1625) 139 His pined corps, whom furres must fence from the least blast of cold. x6n Bible 2 Sam. xxiii. 7 The man .. must be fenced with yron. 1650 Fuller Pisgah 1. v. 11 All fishes in armour fenced with shels. 1691 Ray Creation 11. (1704) 378 The extremities of their Toes were fenc’d with Hoofs. 1826 Miss Mitford Village Ser. 11. (1863) 249 Running down the street with an umbrella..to fence their lodger .. from the .. shower. 1876 Blackmore Cripps v. (1877) 27 With one hand fencing her forehead. b. a building,locality,^, from weather or wind. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Hush. 1. (1586) 12 b, I lay my corne upon a fayre floore, closely fenced and seeled against Mise. 1600 Hakluyt Voy. (1810) III. 360 We rode at anker in a place well fenced from the wind. 1650 Fuller Pisgah II. 60 [Jordan] is fenced by its own breadth and depth against all Passengers. 1705 Addison Italy 7 A spacious Harbour. .Fenc’d to the West. 1756-7 tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) IV. 5 This city is fenced from the violence of the waves by several small islands. 1810 Scott Lady of L. 1. xxvi, Moss .. and leaves combined To fence each crevice from the wind. 1841 James Brigand ii, The kitchen was well fenced from the wind and rain. c. gen. in material or immaterial sense. £1510 More Picus Wks. 8/1 Fensyng my selfe with the crucifixe. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. 57 Every creature livyng should fense it self against outward violence. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, 11. vi. 75 Where’s Captaine Margaret, to fence you now? 1602 Fulbecke Pandedcs 16 By the continuall practise of nations .. the right of Primogeniture .. is fenced, supported and defended. 1639 Fuller Holy War iii. iii. (1840) 119 Fencing his former villanies by committing new ones. 1681-6 J. Scott Chr. Life (1747) III. 378 Another of those Ministries .. is to fence .. its Peace. 1692 tr. Milton's Def. Pop. Wks. 1738 I. 4C0 We may fence ourselves against the latter [open enemies]. 1850 Blackie /Eschylus II. 160 Fence every gate with valiant-hearted men. 1884 Tennyson Becket 143 He fenced his royal promise with an if. + 3 . trans. To equip for defence. Obs. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 1. 131 A ship .. well fensed with munitions. + 4 . intr . To set up a defence against ; to provide protection against. Obs. 1676 Temple Ld. to Sir E. Hearing Wks. 1731 II. 357, I made use of this Circumstance to fence against this Resolution of the States. 1691 Ray Creation 1. (1692) 140 Feathers very thick set upon their Breasts .. to fence against the cold of the water. 1702 A. Charlett in PePys' Diary VI. 246 The relapse of which I must fence against. 1709 Swift Adv. Relig. Wks. (1778) II. 82 The common prudence of mankind .. is in no sort able to fence against them. 1759 Sterne Tr. Shandy I. Ded. Epist., I live in a constant endeavour to fence against the infirmities of ill health. 5 . trans. To keep out, ward off, repel. Said both of persons and things. Also to fence off, out. Often with mixture of sense 6. arch. a 1592 Greene Poems, Shepherd's Ode 66 A cloak of grey fenc'd the rain. 1639 Fuller Holy War 1. ix. 14 The Bosporus was too narrow a ditch, .to fense the Pagans out of West Christendome. 1643 Burroughes Exp. Hosea viii. (1652) 285 They fenced off thy word as with a shield, c 1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 130 These high hanks are made to . .fience out y° water. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World( 1840) 327 They had. .no bows to fence off the waves. 1742 Shen- stone Schoolmistr. 65 A russet kirtle fenc’d the nipping air. 1785 Paley Moral Phil. (1818) II. 342 Government is well warranted in fencing out the whole sect from situations of trust and power. 1816 Scott Old Mort. xix, A cup of sack shall fence the cold. 6. trans. To surround with or as with a fence (see Fence sb. 4, 5) ; to enclose, fortify, protect. 1435 Nottingham Rec. II. 355 Thay to fens it [Est Croft] ham selfe at thayre awne coste. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vn. 466 Y° Englysshe hoste ..was myghtely fensyd with wood and tryes. 1535 Coverdale Ezek. xxxvi. 35 The .. broken downe cities, are now stronge and fensed agayne. 1583 Stanyhurst /Eneis 11. (Arb.) 54 Whate forte were best to be fenced ? 1611 Bible Isa. v. 2 Hee fenced it, and gathered FENCE. 155 FENCING. out the stones thereof. 1631 T. May tr. Barclays Mirrour 0/ Mindcs ii. 39 The lands of priuate men .. were fenced with ditches. 1650 Fuller Pisgak 111. ii. 317 The roofs were flat and fenced with battlements. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) I. x. 173 Well fenced either with hedge or pale. 1793 Trans . Soc. Encourag. Arts IV. 4 Which are all fenced with a good stone wall. 1832 Lytton Eugene A. 1. i. 3 The greater part of them fenced also from the un¬ frequented road a little spot. ah sol. 1892 Midland News 4 Mar. 6 We must fence more, and we shall be. .independent of herds. fig. 1683 Burnet tr. More's Utopia (1685) no The Minds of the Utopians, when fenced with a Love for Learning. 1763-5 Churchill Poems , Conference , Thy writings so well fenc’d in Law. 1841 Myers Catk. Tit. iv. § 26. 306 The Jews were .. fenced against communion with them. 1843 H. Rogers Ess. (i860) III. 46 Vincentius .. takes care .. to fence his proposition with .. limitations. 1870 Emerson Soc. <$• Soli., Bks. Wks. (Bohn) III. 77 The men themselves were, .fenced by etiquette. b. with about, in, round, up. To fence off : to keep off by a fence. Also absol. 1535 Coverdale 2 Citron, xiv. 7 Let vs buylde vp these cities, and fense them rounde aboute with walles. 1611 Bible Job xix. 8 Hee hath fenced vp my way. 1615 G. Sandys Treat, 100 Which makes the countrey people to fence in those places. 1667 Milton P. L. iv. 697 On either side Acanthus. .Fenc'd up the verdant wall. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. viii. 222 These leaves are fenced round with strong Prickles above an inch long. 1713 Steele Englishman No. 3. 15 His Property is fenced about with Laws and Privileges. 1822 ‘ B. Cornwall’ Poems, Let. Boccaccio v, Her dwelling was Fenced round by trees. 1869 R. B. Smyth Goldfields of Victoria 610 Fencing in a Claim , making a drive round the boundaries of an alluvial claim to secure the wash-dirt. 1877 E. R. Conder Bas. Faith viii. 349 It will be difficult to fence in securely on the side of Pantheism. c. To part off by a fence or fences. In qnot. fig. 1881 C. De Kay Vision of Nimrod ii. 9 Nation I fenced from nation. + d. Of a thing: To serve as a fence for. Obs. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 125 Yf it [thy dyche] be .v. fote brode [t]han it wolde. .fence it selfe & the lower hedge wyll serue. 7 . intr. Of a horse : To leap a fence. 1884 A. Watson in Longm. Mag. III. 611 What he lacks in speed is .. compensated for by the cleverness with which he fences. 1891 Field 7 Mar. 338/1 Harlequin and Fast Day went to the front.. the way they fenced was a treat to see. 8. tram . (Sc. Law.) a. To open the proceedings of (the Parliament or a Court of Law) by the use of a form of words forbidding persons to interrupt or obstruct the proceedings unnecessarily. I S I 3"75 Diurn. Occurrents (Bannatyne Club) 214 He post to William Pikis hous .. and thair fensit the Parliament. c 1565 Lindesay (Pitscottie) Citron. Scot. (1728) 199 The Queen, .stayed till the Parliament was fenced. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 158 The Court sould be fensed. 1637 Ruther¬ ford Lett. (1862) I. 198, I know not if this court kept within my soul be fenced in Christ’s name. 1663 Spalding Troub. Chas. I (1792) I. 191 The parliament is fenced. 1818 Scott Hrt. Midi, xxi, ‘ They wunna fence the court.’ b. To prohibit by law, edict, or proclamation. 1596 Burgh Rcc. Glasgow 6 Aug. (1876) I. 180 Bot to fens the same fra doing thairof. c. To poind or arrest for debt. 1570 Burgh Rec. Prestwick 20 Nov. (1834) 72 For this geyr . .quhilk was fencet in his hand be Jhone Ondirwood officer. + d. Hence, To fence a band : to make a league if., ferire feedus). Obs. rare— 1 . 1533 Bellenden Livy 1. (1822) 41 Commandis you me to fens ane band with the Fader-Patrate of Albane pepill ? 9 . In the Scottish Presbyterian Churches: To fence the tables : to deliver an exhortation calculated to deter unworthy persons from communicating. 1709 W. Stewart (of Pardovan) Worship Ch. Scotl. 11. iv. 140 He fenceth and openeth the Tables. 1833 Frasers Mag. VIII. 406 The objurgation, or fencing the tables, was concluded. 1879 Jamieson Scot . Diet. s. v. Bicker-raid, A clergyman in fencing the tables at a sacrament, debarred all who had been guilty of [etc.]. 1882 [see Debarration]. 10 . To close for hunting or fishing (a forest, river, etc.). 1767 Blackstone Comm. II. 39 The rivers that were fenced ,.were directed to be laid open. + 11 . To keep in position by a gauge or guide. Cf. Fence sb. 6 a. Obs. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 90 .Should you not thus Fence them. .one piece being never so little out of its due Position, would drive the next piece more out. 12 . slang, a. To purchase or sell with guilty knowledge (stolen goods). Also absol. 1610 Rowlands Martin Ma7'k-all C ij/2 To fence property [printed properly], to sell anything that is stolne. 1789 G. Parker Life's Painter 153 Fenced is disposing of anything stolen for a quarter of the value. 1819 J. H. Vaux Mem. I. xii. 141 He knew where to fence the book. 1840 Marryat Poor Jack xviii, Does old Nanny fence? b. To spend or lay out (money). <11700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crevu, Fence , to Spend or Lay out. Fence his Hog, to Spend his Shilling. 1725 in New Cant. Diet. Fenced (fenst), ppl. a. [f. prec. + -ed l.] In various senses of the vb. a. Furnished with de¬ fences, fortified. Now only in Biblical phraseology, b. Provided with a hedge or rail, railed off, en¬ closed. lit. and fig. Also fenced in. e. Sc. Law. Poinded ; see Fence v. 8 c. c 1440 Promp. Pare. 155/1 Fencyd, or defencyd, defensns, munitus, defensatus. 1535 Coverdale Judith iii. 6 Holo- fernes .. conquered all stronge fensed cities. 1600 Fairfax Tasso 11. lxxv, In fensed towres bestowed is their graine. 1611 Bible 2 Kings xvii. 9 They built them high places .. from the tower of the watchmen, to the fenced city. 1637 Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. 207 Fenced goods that ye can¬ not intromit with. X746-7 Hervey Medit. (1818) 203 ,1 might have beheld our fenced cities encompassed with armies. 1853 Marsden Early Pur it. 77 The fenced enclosures of a university. 1853 Maurice Proph. <$• Kings xii. 198 He speaks, .of its villages and fenced cities. Fenceful (fe’nsful), a. [f. Fence sb. + -fcl.] Affording defence ; protecting or shielding. 1616 Chapman BatracJiomA 1858) 8 Their fenceful bucklers were The middle rounds of can’ sticks. . 1729 Savage Wanderer 1. 194 [He] firms the conquest with his fenceful mound. 1751 G. West Education xlviii, High o’er his Head he held his fenceful Shield. Fenceless (fe’nsles), a. [f. as prec. + -less.] 1 . a. Without an enclosure or hedge; unenclosed, open. 1587 Turberv. Epit. Sf Sonnets (1837) 397 As plant shall proove upon the fencelesse land. 1649 Roberts Clavis Bibl. 432 Utterly to lay this vineyard waste, fencelesse, fruitlesse. 1770 Goldsm. Des. Vill. 307 Those fenceless fields the sons of wealth divide. 1887 R. Meeker in Harper's Mag. Apr. 725/2 The fenceless, treeless landscape of the steppe, b. Without a fortification ; unfortified. 1740 C. Pitt AEneid xii. 789 Before him .. the fenceless city lay. a 1873 Lytton Pausanias iv. vi. (1878) 509 The fenceless villages of Sparta. 2 . Without means of defence ; defenceless. x 594 Carew Tasso (1881) 60 Fencelesse my brest, why stay you it to cleaue ? 1667 Milton P. L. x. 303 The Wall Immoveable of this now fenceless world, c 1750 Shenstone Love If Hon. Wks. (1764) I. 327 On my fenceless head it’s phial’d wrath May fate exhaust. 1813 Scott Rokeby 1. xvi, O’er my friend my cloak I threw, And fenceless faced the deadly dew. 1850 Blackie AEschylus II. 254 The Greeks Our fenceless chiefs. .Mowed down. absol. 1887 Century Mag. July 334 Look what arms the fenceless wield, Frailest things have frailty’s shield ! Hence Femcelessness, + lack of skill in fence (obs .); the condition of not being protected by a fence. 1656 Trapp Comm. Matt. vii. 3 A general doctrine, not applied, is as a sword without an edge, not in itself, but to us, through our singular fencelessness. 1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. III. iv. xiv. § 34 The fencelessness .. of the free virtue lead[s] to the loving, .order of eternal happiness. Fencelet (femslet). rare. [f. Fence sb. + -let.] A small fence or hedge. 1892 Field 10 Mar. 396/1 A sort of second fencelet planted on the edge of the dyke. Fencer (fe-nssi). [f. Fence v. + -er i.] 1 . One who fences, a. One who fights, or prac¬ tises fencing with a foil or sword ; a swordsman. 1581 Pettie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 37 b, A fencer, who making at his enimies head, striketh him on the legge. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado v. ii. 13 As blunt as the Fencers foiles. 1649 Bp. Hall Cases Consc. 11. ii. 109 Whether of the two is the better Fencer. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 422 T 6 They do not thrust with the Skill of Fencers. 1809 Roland Fencing 39 There has been, even b.ygood Fencers, some controversy respecting this parade. 1829 Lytton Dcverenx 1. iv, You are the best fencer in the school. + b. One who fences in public shows; a hired or professional swordsman. Obs. 1572 Act 14 Eliz. c. 5 § 5 AH Fencers. .Comon Players in Enterludes, & minstrels, not belonging to any Baron. 1583 Fleetwood in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. II. 292 One Dwelles, a fenser nere Cicell howse. 1601 Shaks. Twel. N. 111. iv. 307 He has bin Fencer to the Sophy. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) 158 He .. appointed certaine Ruffians and Fencers to watch her house. + c. A gladiator. Also fencer at the sharp. Obs. 1587 Golding De Mornay xxiii. 349 They had not made their wonted shewes of Fensers. 1632 Le Grys tr. Velleius Paterc. 225 Most magnificent shewes of fencers at the sharpe. 1637 R. Humphrey tr. St. Ambrose 1. 137 The clamour of gamesters, the slaughter of fensers. 1693 Con¬ greve Juvenal xi. 15 A man.. Able for arms ..’Mongst common Fencers, Practices the Trade, That End debasing, for which Arms were made. d -fig. at the foresayd Thomas make hys pryve fensilble als it awe to be. 4 . Such as will serve as a fence or enclosure. 1799 J. Robertson Aggie. Perth 84 All fences .. must be left, .in a fencible condition. 5 . The sb. used attrib .: Belonging to the corps called Fencibles. 1795 Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. (1796) 50/2 The expences accompanying the fencible cavalry. 1804 Wellington in Gurw. Desp. II. 642 To station the fencible battalion at Surat. 1844 Regul. <$• Ord. Army 4 Officers of Fencible and Militia Regiments rank together. B. sb. A soldier liable only for defensive service at home. Also, land-, river-, seafencible. 1796 Sporting Mag. VII. 279 A military hero, whom the ..tactics of the day denominate a fencible. 1803 G. Rose Diaries (i860) II. 57 Captain Essington, commanding the Sea Fencibles at Dover. 1806 A. Duncan Nelson's Fun. 12 The river fencibles were stationed close to the entrance. 1816 Scott Antiq. xiv. ‘ A’ the sea fencibles, and the land fencibles .. are on fit.’ 1837 Lockhart Scott (1839) I. 305 Captain in the Perthshire Fencibles. 1839 J. Stevenson Justiciary Garland 75 A fencible I’ll guard at home. + Fencibly, adv. Obs. [f. prec. adj. + -ly 2 .] So as to be capable of being defended. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccix. 250 A square toure thick walled, and fensably furnisshed for the wane. Fencing (fe*nsiq), vbl. sb. [f. Fence v. + -ing T] The action of the vb. Fence. 1 . The action or art of using the sword scientific¬ ally as a weapon of offence or defence; the practice of this art with a blunted sword, foil, or stick. 1581 Mulcaster Positions xviii. (1887) 79 Concerning fensing, or skill how to handle the weapon. 1642 Fuller Holy t$- Prof. St. iii. xiii. 185 Fencing is warre without anger. a 1735 Arbuthnot & Pope Martin Scrib. vii. in Pope's Wks. (1741) II. 26 These .. could no more be learned alone than Fencing or Cudgel-playing. 1829 Lytton Devereicx 1. iv, Fencing is an accomplishment in which Gerald is very nearly my equal. fig. 1608 Shaks. Per. iv. vi. 62 ’Pray you, without any more virginal fencing. 1687 Dryden Hind. If P. 11. 33 After long fencing push’d against a wall, Your salvo comes, that he’s not there at all. 1849 Helps Friends in C. (1854) H. 9 There is skilful fencing even in your talk. 1876 Freeman Norm. Co7iq. V. xxiii. 117 A piece of diplomatic fencing. If In wider sense: (see quot.) 1692 O. Walker Hist or. Illustr. 158 Fencing, Pugilatus, was fighting with Fists. 2 . The action of protecting, or of setting up a defence against (evil). + Also quasi -concr. Means of defence (obs.). 1489 Caxton Faytes of A. 1. x. 27 In sawtyng or fensyng of a forteresse a slynge is good, a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1840) I. ii. 4 Providence having given men hands .. all clothing and fencing is..bestowed upon him. 1668 Cul¬ pepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. 11. i. 88 The more noble parts require great fencing. 1761 Hume Hist. Eiig. II. xxxvii. 308 The fencing against the pains and infirmities under which he laboured occupied a great part of his time. 3 . The action of putting up fences or enclosing with a fence or protection ; also fencing in. 1628 Bp. Hall Serm. Wks. 1634 II. 311 All this provision of.. F encing, Stoning, Planting, were nothing without a con¬ tinuall over-sight. 1719 De Foe Cmsoe (1840) I. xvi. 274, I went on with my. .planting and fencing. 1817-8 Cobbett Resid. U. S. (1822) 107 Fencing ..presses itself upon the attention of tne .. Farmer. 1892 Lockwood Did. Mech. Engiti., Fencing In.—The enclosure of machinery. .Fencing in is compulsory. b. concr. An enclosure or railing; fences col¬ lectively ; sometimes preceded by some qualifying word, as rail-, stone-, wirefencing. Also the I materials of fences for farms (U.S.). 20-2 FEND. 156 FENDER. c 1585 R. Browne Artsw. Cartwright 44 Let [him]., shewe .. an orcharde .. without .. some safe inclosing or fencing. 1857 Ruskin Elan. Drawing 326 A decayed fragment or two of fencing fill the gaps in the bank. i88x Eiicy cl. Brit. (ed. 9) XII. 190/1 For .. Sussex, where .. the fencing for the most part [is] what is called cramped. 4 . The action of leaping a fence. 1827 Sporting Mag. XX. 203 With our first fox we had some very severe fencing. 1861 Whyte-Melville Mkt. Har- borough 275 When hounds run best pace, horses have not wind for extraordinary exertions in the matter of fencing. 5 . Sc. The opening of a Parliament or Court of Justice with the prescribed formula denouncing penalties against disturbers. Cf. Fence v. 8. 1708 Proclam. in Lond. Gaz. No. 4464/4 Our Proclamation to be .. read in Open Court immediately after Fencing thereof. 1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 232 That ye..be present at the said Justice-court, before the down-sitting and fencing thereof. 6. slang. The action or habit of receiving or dealing in stolen goods. 1851 Mayhew Loud. Labour I. 255 Their ‘ fencing’.. does not extend to any plate. 1880 Standard 12 Apr. 5/2 Receiving stolen property, or ‘ fencing ’. .is largely practised in London. 7 . attrib. and Comb., (sense 1), as fencing-foils, - grace, -hall, -master, -match, - school , -skill, etc.; (sense 3), as fencing-branch , -zaire ; also, fencing¬ cully, a receiver and storer ofstolen goods; fencing- gauge (see quot.) ; fencing-ken or -repository, a storing place for stolen goods ; fencing-machine, a machine for shaping, fitting and finishing posts, rails, etc. for fences {Cent. Diet) ; fencing-nail (see quot.). 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 101 The Black-Thorn [etc.] .. yield a very good * Fencing-branch. ^1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Cre-w, * Fencing Cully, a Broker, or Receiver of Stolen goods. 1829 Lytton Devereux ir. i, A table was covered with books, a couple of *fencing-foils .. and .. letters. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 836/1 * Fencing-gage, an implement to space and hold boards against a post while nailing them. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, it. i. 206 This is the right * Fencing grace, .tap for tap, and so part faire. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 434 Our common *fencing-halls, and places of publick exercises, a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, * Fencing-ken, the Magazine, .where Stolen goods are secured, a 1648 Ld. Herbert Life (1870) 34 The good *fencing-masters. .present a foyle or fleuret to their scholars. 1779 Sheridan Critic 11. ii, As smart as hits in a *fencing- match. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 836/1 * Fencing- nail, a heavy nail of its class adapted for fastening on fencing-boards. 1812 Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 209 A con¬ venient ^fencing repository. 1637 Nabbes Microcosm, i, I was bred up in Mars his *Fencing-schoole. 1712 Budgell Sped. No. 539 P 1 Like him who comes into a fencing-school to pick a quarrel. Fend (fend), sb. Sc. and dial. [f. next vb.] 1 . A shift or effort which one makes for oneself. To make a fcnd\ to make a venture. a 1724 Borrowstoun Mous in Ramsay Evergreen I. 144 Scho maid an easy Fen. 1794 Burns Tam Glen ii, I’m thinking, wi’ sic a braw fallow, In poortith I might mak a fen’, a 1810 Tannahill Poems (1846) 25, I think, through life I’ll make a canny fen’, Wi hurcheon Nancy. 1824 Scott St. Ronans xx, Out I wad be, and out John Bowler gat me, but wi’ nae sma fight and fend. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss., ‘ They make a good fend for a living.’ 1877 Holderness Gloss., ‘ He disn’t seem to mak a bit o’ fend.’ 2 . Activity in making shifts for oneself, energy. 1788 Marshall Yorksh. Gloss., Fend, activity, manage¬ ment, assiduity, prowess. 1876 Whitby Gloss. 3 . Provisions, fare. 1804 Tarras Poems 54 Nae sumptuous fend,but hamely food. + 4 . Naut. — Fender. Obs. 1658 Phillips, Fends , things hung over a Ships side to keep another Ship from rubbing against it. 5 . Comb., as fend-bolt {Naut) = Fender 2 b; fend-full a. Sc., full of shifts or expedients. 1678 Phillips, Fenders, pieces of old Cables [etc.] .. hung over a Ships side ..called also *Fend-bolts. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Fend or Fender Bolts, made with long and thick heads, struck into the outermost bends or wales of a ship, to save her sides from hurts and bruises. 1820 Blackw. Mag. Dec. 321 Else yere grown less Tendfou than I ever saw ye. Feild (fend), v. Also 4-6 fende, (4 fenden), 7-8 Sc., 9 dial, fain,fen. [Shortened fromDEFEND.] 1 . trails. = Defend v. Now arch, or poet. a 1300 Cursor M. 28851 (Cott.) Ahnus .. fenddes his saul fra [>e fend. C1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 195 He com right son, Normundie to fende. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xxii. 46 He .. fendede hem fro foule vueles. c 1400 Lati- franc's Cirurg. 13 If }>at we kunne fende him fro a fevere. c 1470 Henry Wallace iv. 615 Wallace in ire a burly brand can draw .. To fende his men with his deyr worthi hand. 1503 Dunbar Thistle $ Rose 133 And said, ‘In feild go furth and fend the laif’. 1568 Fulwell Like Will to Like in Hazl. Dodsley III. 322 Fend your heads, sirs, for I will to it more once. 1647 H. More Song of Soul 1. 1. xxvii, O heavenly Salems sons ! you fend the right, a 1774 Fergusson Poems ( 1789) II. 32 My trees ..Shall fend ye frae ilk blast o’ wind. 1845 W. E. Frye tr. Oehlenschl. Gods 83, I only sought my realm to fend By wizard spell and mystic song. 1863 Emerson Boston Hymn 16 Free¬ dom. .shall, .fend you with his wing, b. refl. and intr. for refl. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810') 216 po pat per purueiance of Oxenford not held, With scheld & with lance fend him in pe feld. c 1400 Destr. Troy 10142 The freike with a fauchon fendit hym well. 1573 Satir. Poems Reform. xl. 196 How he suld fend from furie and thair fead. 1724 R. Falconer Voy. (1769) 101 What will come, will come, and there’s no fending against it. 1837 R. Nicoll Poems (1842) 17 To fend against the winter cauld The heather we will pu. 1864 Sir J. K. James Tasso (1865) II. xiv. xxiv, An agent prompt to fend and to attack. 1865 S. Evans Bro. Fabian 49 Goodman true, wouldst fend thyself From witchcraft and midnight elf? 2 . intr. To fend and prove : to argue, wrangle. 1575 Laneham Let. (1871) 17 Thus, with fending & proouing, with plucking & tugging, t 1698 Locke Cond. Underst. xxxi, Being able to fencl and prove with them. 1702 Vanbrugh False Friend 1, Instead of fending and proving with his mistress, he should come to. .a. .parrying and thrusting with you. 1721 Strype Eccl. Mem. II. xxviii. 478 That delighted not in fending and proving. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss., Fending and Proving, arguing and defending. 1877 N. W. Line. Gloss., After fendin’ an’ provin’ about summats. 3 . To ward or keep off, turn aside, keep out or at a distance. Also, to fend back. c 1572 Gascoigne Fruites Warre ( 1831) 217 So might we . .fend our foes with blowes of English blade. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 111. 466 With Fern beneath, to fend the bitter Cold. 1712 Mrs. Centlivre Perplexed Lovers 1. i, You shall not want a friend to fend that blow! 1787 Burns Holy Fair 73 Here stands a shed to fend the show rs. 1804 Tarras Poems 22 To .. fend the heat o’ simmer blinter. 1823 Crabb TecJinol. Did., ‘Fend the boat’, prevent it striking against any thing. i860 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea ii. § 143 Warm water .. in contact with a cold non¬ conducting cushion of cold water to fend it from the bottom. 1876 Blackmore Cripps ii. (1877) 12 Fending the twigs from her eyes and bonnet. 1877 Kinglake Crimea VI. vi. 364 It enabled him to fend back the masses confronting him. b. esp. with off. 1400-50 Alexander 1031 par a cite he assailes. .Bot wees wi3tly with-in pe wallis ascendid, Freschly fendid of & fersly with-stude. c 1570 Marr. Wit <$• Science iv. i. in Hazl. Dodsley II. 364 To fend and keep him off awhile, until his rage be out. 1669 Penn No Cross xx. § 23 Do you think that Words will fend off the Blows of Eternal Vengeance? 1816 Scott Antiq. xxxvii, ‘ Ye had aye a good roof ower your head to fend aff the weather.’ 1861 Hughes Tom Brawn at Oxf. xiii. (1889) 127 Catch hold of the long boat-hook, and fend her [the boat] off. 1865 Livingstone Zambesi xxiv. 481 A spoonful in hot water .. to fend off a chill and fever. absol. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. B. 1191 pay fe3t & pay fende of, & fylter togeder. 1864 E. Sargent Peculiar III. 125 The man of nerve looks boldly at the danger and fends off accordingly. 4 . intr. To make an effort, strive or try to do something ; to make a shift; to take precautions against. Sc. and dial. 15.. in Sibbald Chron. Scot. Poetry II. 46 Few for falsett now may fend, c 1680 [F. Sempill] Banishm. Poverty in Watson Collect. 1. 13 Then I knew no way how to fen. 1712 Mrs. Centlivre Perplexed Lovers iv, We must fend against that. 1788 Marshall Yorksh. Gloss., Fend, to strive as for a livelihood. 1794 Burns Gone is the day, Semple-folk maun fecht and fen. 1859 Geo. Eliot A. Bede (ed. 4) I. 45 I’d make a shift, and fend indoor and out, to give you more liberty. 1865 E. Waugh Lane. Songs, God bless him that fends for his livin’, An’ houds up his yed through it o’! b. To fend for : to make shift for, look after, provide for.. So in to fend for oneself. Chiefly dial, or colloq. 1629 Jackson Treat. Div. Essence 11. Wks. 1673 II. 139 They do not. .direct their brood in their motions, but leave them to fend for themselves. 1660 H. More Myst. Godl. To Rdr. 24 They are such as .. fend for themselves as well as they may. 1785 Hutton Bran New Wark 468 When the awner will not fend for his sell. 1787 Grose Prov. Gloss., I ha twa bairns to fend for. 1818 Scott Hrt. Midi. xx, * Ane wad hae carried me through the warld, and friended me, and fended for me.’ 1859 Geo. Eliot A. Bede 94 * Lads as could fend for their sens/ c. ^Fakew. 1 7. dial. 1781 Hutton Tour to Caves Gloss., Henu fend you, how fare you? 1790 Mrs. Wheeler West mid. Dial. (1821) 113 I’d kna haw they fend all. 1794 Burns Carle of Kellybiirn Braes ii, He met wi’ the devil ; says, ‘ How do you fen ? ’ 1872 Black Adv. Phaeton 23 ‘ How fens tee, Jeck ? gaily?’ 5 . traits. = To fend for \4 b). Hence, to pro¬ vide sustenance for, support, maintain. Chiefly Sc. and dial. 1637 Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. 223 Fend thyself, I will hold my grips of thee no longer. 1674 Ray N. C. Words, To Feud; to shift for. a 1774 Fergusson Poems, Rising of Session 18 Hain’d mu’ter hauds the mill at ease And fends the Miller. 1787 Burns Death of Mailie 32 Gie them guid cow-milk their fill, Till they be fit to fend themsel. 1816 Scott Old Mort. v, ‘They are puirly armed, and warse fended wi’ victual.’ J 6. To forbid. Obs. exc. dial. Cf. Fen v. c 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 9, I fend, Godes forbot, that ever thou thrife. 1888 Elworthv W. Somerset Word- bk., Ee fain un vrum gwain pun eezgraewn. Hence Fe’nded ppl. a., Fe nding ppl. a. 1867 Emerson May-Day , etc. Wks. (Bohn) III. 423 This Oreads’ fended Paradise. 1883 A Imondbury Gloss., Fending .. industrious. Fend(e, obs. form of Fiend. Fendable (fe*nclab’l), a. dial. Also fendible. [f. Fend v . + -able.] Capable of fending or shift¬ ing for oneself. 1674 Ray N. C. Words 18 Fendable, one that can shift for himself. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss., ‘A brave fendable body in a family ’, a famous household manager. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., ‘She’s a gay fendible body/ Pender (fe-nctaiX [f. P'end v. + -er.] 1 . = Defender. Obs. exc. dial. a 1400-50 Alexander 1839 pe fendere of grece. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 155 Fendowre, or defendowre. 1678 Four for a Penny 3 He [a Pawnbroker] is. .the Common Fender of all Bulkers and Shoplifts in the Town. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Fender, a defender in all senses. 2 . Something that serves to fend or keep off something else. a. in gen. sense. 1615 E. S. Britains Buss in Arb. Garner III. 627 Fenders or long poles. 1825 A fin. Reg. 247* This bone constitutes a fin, or fender. 1841 Catlin N. Amer. Ind. (1844) I. iv. 32 Protected with the shield or arrow fender. 1864 Sala in Daily Tel. 29 July, The coal bunkers .. in a state of reple¬ tion are the best kind offenders’ for the protection of the boilers from shot and shell. 1882 Buckland Notes $ Jottings 159 The loose feathers of the neck forming a fender to the shoulder of the wing. 1893 Temple Bar Mag. XCVI 1 I. 468 The fenders, .the tiaras of the chaperones. b. A T aut. A piece of old cable, or other yielding material, hung over a vessel’s side to preserve it from chafing or collision with a wharf or with other vessels. Also (see quot. 1850''. 1626 Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 16 They serue for Iunkes, fendors and braded plackets for brests of defence. 1627 — Seaman's Gram. vii. 30 Fenders are peeces of old Hawsers called Iunkes hung ouer the ship sides to keepe them from brusing. 1821 A. Fisher Jrnl. Arctic Reg. 34 We were obliged to put fenders of junk over the ship’s side to prevent her from being damaged by the ice. c 1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 117 Fenders, two pieces of oak plank fayed edgewise, perpendicularly, against the top- sides abreast the main hatchway, to prevent the sides of the ship from being rubbed by the hoisting of anything on board. 1885 Runciman Skippers <$• Sh. 212 A sailor slipped a cork fender over the side. c. A large piece of timber placed as a guard in front of any structure, esp. a pier, dock-wall, etc. Also fender-pile (see 7). 1739 Labelye Short Acc. Piers Westm. Bridge 19 The Use of these Fenders .. was to secure the Works from the Approach of Barges. 1838 Simms Public Wks. Gt. Brit. ii. 7 The wing walls .. of the lock are defended by detached guards or fenders of timber. 1856 in Bref.s Terms Archit. etc. 1892 Daily News 27 Oct. 2/6 The wheel of his van struck a fender immediately outside some hoarding. d. In various other technical uses (see quols.). 1874 Knight Diet. Mech., Fender, an attachment to a cultivator-plow to keep clods from rolling on to the young corn. [Also,] A rub-plate on the bed of a wagon or carriage to take the rub of the wheel when the vehicle is turning short. 1884 Ibid. Suppl., F'endcr, a screen against a carriage or car-step to keep dirt or mud from being thrown upon it by the wheels. A fender board. e. See quot. Cf. Fence 4 c. 1894 M. Grant in Cent. Mag. XLVII. 352/2 The double fenders or brow-antlers [of the moose] do the most damage. 3 . A metal frame placed in front of a fire to keep falling coals from rolling out into the room. 1688 Miege Fr. Diet., Fender. 1710 Swift Jrnl. to Stella 24 Dec., Only a mouse within the fender to warm himself. 1765 Layard in Phil. Trans. LVI. 17 An iron fender. 1834 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. I. 11 She actually borrowed one of the brass fenders. 1861 Dickens Gt. Expect, xxx, Sitting with our feet on the fender. b. A fire-guard. ? US. 1874 in Knight Diet. Mech. c. Building. ‘ A dwarf wall in the basement of a house, built up to carry the front hearth of a fireplace 9 (Gwilt). 4 . A sluice-gate. Sometimes applied to the whole sluice. 1847 C. G. Addison La7o of Contracts 11. i. § i. (1883') 248 A sliding fender used to prevent the escape of water from a mill-stream. 1868 Law Reports Q. Bench Div. III. 289 In that part of the dam. .is placed a fender or set of fenders. 1884 Daily News 23 July 5/2 The paddler of a canoe got sucked under a fender into a swift stream. 5 . A device made of rushes, leaves, or plaited paper, with which seals were sometimes encircled to secure them from injury. 1864 Boutell Heraldry Hist. <5- Pop. xxiv. § 1 (ed. 3) 399 * Fenders’ of this kind have been found attached to seals as early as 1380. 1891 J. P. Earwaker in Proc. Soc. Antiq. 19 Feb. 255 The seal is. .protected by a twisted rush fender. 6. (See quot.) ? Obs. 1682 J. Collins Salt <$• Fishery 14 [Crude sea-salt is] carried in wicker Baskets or Fenders to Brine Wells. 7 . attrib. and Comb., as fender- maker \ fender- beam, ( a ) (see quot. 1874); {b) = fender-stop ; fender-board (see quot. 1884 in sense 2 d) ; fen¬ der-bolt Naut., ( a ) (see quot. 1867), ( l) a bolt by which a fender is attached to a ship, etc.; fender- pile = Fender sb. 2 c ; fender-post (see quot.) ; fender-stool, a kind of long footstool usually placed close to the fender; fender-stop (see quot.). 1874 Knight Diet. Mech., *Fendcr-bcam 1. The horizontal beam into which the posts of a saw-mill gate are framed at top. 2. The inclined advance piece of an ice-breaker. 3. A beam suspended over a vessel’s side to ward off ice and preserve the planking and sheathing of the vessel. 1678 A. Littleton Lat. Diet, s.v., * Fender-bolts. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine^ 1789) Gb, Fender-bolts, .driven into the wales, stem, or sides of., small vessels .. to defend their timber- work. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., F'ender Bolts. 1891 Daily News 26 Jan. 2/5 The season has been a busy one for ’fender and fire-iron makers. 1739 La belye Short Acc. Piers Westm. Bridge 36 The * Fender-piles which guarded the North-point of this Pier. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 224 Fixing the Fender Piles on the east side of the rock. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Fender-piles. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech., * Fender-post, one of the guiding stanchions of a saw- gate. 1870 Miss Broughton Red as Rose I. 260 Let me put you down in the raffle for a ^fender-stool. 1856 Brees Terms Archit. etc., * Fender Stop, the beams fixed at the 157 FENIAN FENDER. extremity of a line of rails.. to stop the carriages and prevent their runnlhg off. Fender (fe’nctai), v. [f. prec. sb.] To provide with a fender or fenders. Mod. ( techn .). Specifications for fendering the river banks. Fenderless (fe*ndojles),tf. [f.as prec. + -less.] Having no fender. 1878 Daily News 2 Jan., The fenderless grate. 1880 Ibid. 15 Oct., House after house .. fenderless, without fire-irons. Fendillate (fe’ndihr’t), v. Min. rare. [f. F. fendill-er (dim. of fend re L. find ere to split) 4- -ate«T] trails. To crack with many small fissures. Hence Fendillated ppl. a .; Fendilla'tion, fen- dillated condition. 1853 Th. Ross Humboldt 's Trav. III. xxix. 168 This rock is much fendillated. Ibid. III. xxxii. 401 Fendillated crystals of pyroxene and mesotype. Ibid. 402 ' 1 ’hese, by their fendillation and open crevices, seem to establish that permanent communication between the surface of the soil and the interior of the globe. Fending (fe-ndiq),^/. sb. [f. Fendz;. 4- -ing *.] 1 . The action of the vb. Fend; an instance of this ; esp. in fending and proving (cf. Fend v. 2). 1583 Rich Phylotus Emelia (1835) 31 After greate fendyng and prouyng had in the matter. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. viii. iii. § 9 Much fending, and proving there was betwixt them. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 95 r 2 The whole discipline of fending and proving. 1771 Contemplative Man ii. 10 There’s no fending against Wind and Water. 1824 T. Jefferson Writ. (1830) IV. 407 With fendings and provings of personal slanders. 2 . Sc. Provision. 1816 Scott Antiq. xi, ‘That hae stouth and routh, and fire and fending, and meat and claith.’ Fend-off (fe-nd^f), sb. [f. Fend v. 4- Off.] The action of fending off; hence concr. something that fends off. Also attrib. 9 1830 Examiner 177/2 A Committee .. is the fend-off to importunity, and the contrivance for obtaining time. 1883 Gresley Coal Mining Gloss.> Fend off bob) a beam hinged at one end and having a free reciprocating motion fixed at a bend in a shaft.. to guide the pump rods passing round the bend. 1880 Antrim <5- Down Gloss., Fend off post, a post set in the ground to protect an object from injury by carts, etc., coming in contact with it. Fe'ndy, a. dial. [f. Fendz/. + -yL] (Seequots.) 1782 Sir J. Sinclair Observ. Sc. Dial. 101 Fendy. Dexterous at finding out expedients. 1814 Scott Wav. xviii, Alice ..he said, was both canny and fendy. 1851 Cnmbrld. Gloss., Fendy, thrifty, managing. 1863 J. Brown Horx Subs. (1882) 90 A fendy wife. 1870 Dr. Barber Forness Folk 32 She’s a gay fendy, lile body. Fene, obs. form of Feign. t Fenerate, v. 06 s.-° [f. L. fxnerdt- ppl. stem of fsener-are, f. *fvner- var. of fsenor-, fsenus interest: see -ate.] traits. To lend on interest. 1623-6 Cockeram, Fxnerate , to put money to vsurie. t Feneration. Obs. fad. L. fseneratidn-evt, n. of action f. fsenerdre : see Fenerate v.] The action or practice of lending on interest; usury. 1598 Barckley Felic. Man v. (1603) 549 True love . ."hath respect only to his friends necessitie, without merchandize or feneration. 1612-5 Bi\ Hall Contetnpl. N. T. iv. iii, Giving to the poor is feneration to God : the greater bank, the more interest. 1650 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. (ed. 2) 120 What vices therein it [the hare] figured ; that is. .fenera¬ tion or usury from its fecundity. 1721 in Bailey. 1798 H. T. Colebrooke tr. Digest of Hindu Law (1801) I. 7 Feneration at the rate of an eightieth part by the month, b. Interest on money lent. In some mod. Diets. Feneratitious, a. Obs.—° [f. L . fxnerdtici-us (f. fsenerdre) 4- -ous.] 4 Taken or given to usury, or pertaining thereto’ (Blount Glossogr. 1656-81). + Fe’nerator. Obs. rare- 1 . [gi.'L.fvenerator, agent-n. f. fsenerdre: see Fenerate and -or.] A money-lender, usurer. 1447 Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.) 158 Two detours quoth cryst to oon feneratour Were whylom Symund in a cuntre. Fenerato*rial, a. rare- 1 , [f. L . fienerdtdri-us (i. fvenerator) 4- -al.] Pertaining to usury. 1793 J* Beresford in Looker-on No. 79 The magic of the foeneratorial rod was not wanting for the purposes oTconvert¬ ing his watches into wealth. Fenestella (feneste*la). [a. L .fene Stella, dim. of fenestra window.] 1 . Arch. a. A small window-like niche in the wall on the south side of the altar, containing the piscina and often the credence. 1797 Gentl. Mag. LXVII. 11. 649 A fenestella in the South wall of the chancel. 1839 Stonehouse Ax holme 226 The fenestella, or small niche, contained a vessel, bason, or pis¬ cina, for washing the hands. 1843 Ecclesiologist II. 56 A Fenestella with Credence-shelf, b. A small window. 1848 B. Webb Continent. Eccles. 57 The dwarf-wall is pierced by a broad fenestella with a trefoliated head. 1849 Weale Diet. Terms 183/1 Fenestella. .a little window. 2 . Zool. (See quots.) 1849 Murchison Siluria ix. (1867) 188 The species [of Ixjwer Silurian Zoophytes] with a net-like form, Fenestella and Retepora. Ibid. x. (1867) 217 The beautiful little cup¬ shaped Fenestella of the Wenlock limestone. 1879 Rossitek Diet. Sci. Terms , Fenestella, a polyzoon; known by many fossil remains in Devonian limestones and other rocks. Fenestellid (feneste-lid). Palxont. [f. L. fenestell a + -id.] One of the Fcncstellidx, a family of paleozoic polyzoans. 1882 Athenaeum 24 June 798/3 A new Spiral Fenestellid from the Upper Silurian Beds of Ohio. t Fe*nester. Obs. Forms: 3-5 fenestre, 6 fenester. [a. OF. fenestre (Fr. fen£tre) L. feneslt'a : see next.] A window. c 1290 .S’. Eng. Leg. I. 229/337 po cam pa re-in a fuyri arewe at a fenestre a-non. a 1300 Land Cokayne 114 in E. E. P. (1862) 159 All pe fenestres pat bep of glasse. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xxi. 13 Then was faith in a fenestre and cryde. a 1400 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 362 By leue of pe bay- lyues .. nyme pe dores & pe fenestres. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 370/4 Thyse thre fenestres or wyndowes betokene clcrely the fader the sone and the holy ghoost. \$\o zo Compl. too late maryed (1862) 7 Breke I dyd dores and fenesters. 1513 Douglas jEneis xii. Prol. 169 Cleir fenystaris of glas. 1548 Hall Citron. (1809^ 605 In the Fenestres and wyndowes were images resemblynge men of warre. II Fenestra (f/ne*stra). PI. fenestraa. [L. fenestra window, f. root of Gr. (pairav to show.] A small hole or transparent spot resembling a hole. 1 . Anal. A small hole or opening in a bone, etc. ; esp. applied to the two openings on the inner wall of the tympanum of the ear ,fenestra ovalis, rotunda (see quot. 1884). 1844 Hoblyn Diet. Med. Terms 121/1 Fenestra cn’alis and rotunda .. the oval and round apertures of the internal ear. 1854 Owen Skel. <$* Teeth (1855) 33 The alisphenoids, form the anterior half of the fenestra ovalis. 1870 Rolleston Anim. Life 7 An interorbital fenestra. 1877 Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. vii. 400 An oval fenestra, covered only by a thin and transparent portion of the integument. 1884 Barr Dis. Ear iii. i. 260 The fenestra ovalis or opening into the vesti¬ bule and the fenestra rotunda or opening into the cochlea. The fenestra ovalis is in the upper and back part of the inner wall, .at the bottom of a recess. .The fenestra rotunda . .is also situated at the bottom of a recess in the bone. 2 . Zool. (See quot.) 1881 Vines in Nature No. 620. 463 Fenestrae .. openings [in the zoarium]. .connected by the general substance of the zoarium. 3 . Bot. See quot. Also 1 an opening through a membrane’ {Treas. Bot. 1866). 1828 Stark jE lan. Nat. Hist. 11. 459 The part at which the seed has separated from the ovary is indicated by a small mark or scar, called fenestra. + Fene'Stral, sb. Obs. Also 5 fenestralle, 6 fenestrall. [a. OF. fenestral, f. fenestre : see Fe¬ nester.] A window-frame or lattice, often fitted with cloth or paper as a substitute for crystal or glass; a window. Rarely of the filling in of the frame : A window-pane. [1291 Accts. Exors. Q. Eleanor in Househ. Exps. (Roxb.) 135 Pro canabo ad fenestrallas .. iij d.] 1399 Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 129 Et in j parva serura emp. pro j fenestrall infra capellam Beat?e Mariae, 2 \d. 1430 Lydg. Citron. Troy 11. xi, All the windowes and eche fenestrall Wrought were of beryle & of cleare crystall. c 1430 — Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 203 To telle what shuld hire baggys been, Whoos fenestralle were hard to glase. 1519 Horman Vtilg. 242 Paper or lyn clothe straked a crosse with losyngz: make fenestrals in stede of glasen wyndowes. 1523 Skelton Garl. Laurel 1387 The fenestrall, Glittryng and glistryng and gloriously glasid. 1530 Palsgr. 219/2 Fenestrall, chassis de toille, 011 dc paupier. [1851 Turner Dom. A re hit. II. i. 13 The windows were usually fitted with .. lattices or fenestrals.] iransf. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manltode 11. xlii. (1869) 92 Thou shuldest not weene that the soule haue neede of these eyen .. For bifore and bihynde, with oute bodelych fenestralle, he seeth his gostlich good. Fenestral (fihe’stral), a. [ad. L. fenestrdl-is, i. fenestra ; see Fenestra.] 1 . Of or pertaining to a window. 1674-81 in Blount Glossogr. 1691 Wood Ath. Oxon. II. 699 Collections of monumental and fenestral inscriptions. 1696-9 Bp.W. Nicolson Eng. Hist. Libr. 11.145 Anth. Wood Collected the .. Fenestral Inscriptions .. in the County of Oxford. 1776 R. Graves Euphrosyne 1. iv, On almost every occasion of human life. .Fenestral, Parietal, and what not. 2 . Anat. and Surg. 4 Having small openings like windows’ (Wagstaffe). Fenestral bandage, 4 a bandage, compress, or plaster with small perfora¬ tions or openings to facilitate discharge ’ (Dungli- son). Cf. Fenestrate v. 3 . Biol. a. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a fenestra, b. Furnished with fenestree. 1865 Gosse L.and <$• Sea (1874) 156 Pseudopodia that pro¬ ject through the fenestral apertures. Fenestrate (f/ne-st^t), a. [ad. L. fenestral - us, pa. pple. of fenestrdre, f. Fenestra.] 1 . Having small perforations or openings like a window. Chiefly Bot. and Zool. 1835 Bindley Introd. Bot. (1848) II. 21 The..phragma has a slit in its centre, and is said to be fenestrate. 1846 Dana ZoopJu (1848) 514 Parietes fenestrate, i860 Balfour Man. Bot. § 555 The replum .. sometimes exhibits perfora¬ tions, becoming fenestrate. 1874 M. Cooke Fungi 132 The sporidia in Hysterium proper are .. sometimes fenestrate. 2 . Entom. = Fenestrated 3. 1842 in Brande. Fenestrate (f/ne*str^t\ v. rare. [f. L. fene¬ strat- ppl. stem of fenestrdre (f. Fenestra) ; see -ate.] trans. To furnish (a bandage) with small holes or openings. 1887 Lancet 24 Sept. 604/1 Harelip strapping .. is fenes* trated, and cut into strips. Fenestrated (fthe*strer nan feng on. c 1205 Lay. 1773 Swa heo ferden to heora scipa mid alien heora uenge. Ibid. 8610 We scullen .. 3emen b es fehtes & nawiht |>es fenges. a 1250 Owl <5- Night. 1285 At eche fenge Thu fallest mid thine ahene swenge. Fengite : see Phengite. Min. FeTi-hood. nonce-vid. Fens collectively. 1834 New Monthly Mag. XLI. 324 A place ensconced in fenhood. Fenian (frnian), sb. and a. [f. OIr .fene ‘one of the names of the ancient population of Ireland ’ (Windisch', confused in modern times with fiann fem. collect., the name of a body of warriors who are said to have been the defenders of Ireland in the time of Finn and other legendary Irish kings.] A. sb. 1 . (See quot. 1879 .) Obs. cxc. Hist. 1816 Scott A ntif/. xxx, [A pretended translation from Ossian] Do you compare your psalms To the tales of the bare-armed Fenians 1 1861 E. O’Curry Led. MS. Materials Anc. Ir. Hist. 302 Goll Mac Morna, the great chief of the Connacht Fenians. 1879 Encycl. Brit. IX. 75/1 According to popular tradition the Fians, or Fenians were mercenary tribes acting as a permanent military force for the support of the Ard Rig, or king of Eire. 2 . One of an organization or ‘ brotherhood ’ formed among the Irish in the United States of America for promoting and assisting revolutionary movements, and for the overthrow of the English government in Ireland. 1864 Leeds Mercury 11 Mar., The men known under the eneral name of Fenians, .are regarded with no friendly eye y the Roman Catholic clergy in Ireland and America. 1865 Sat. Rev. 4 Mar. 240 Rebels (of late called Fenians). 1880 McCarthy Own. Times IV. Iiii. 139 Several Fenians were taken and shot. B. adj. 1 . Of or pertaining to the F enians (Fenian sb. 1). 1861 E. O'Curry Leet. MS. Materials Anc. Ir. Hist. 299 The Fenian Poems, many of which are attributed to Oisin FENIANISM. 158 FENT. and Fergus. 1862 W. F. Skene in Bk. ofLismore Introd. 80 Districts in which the Fenian names enter most largely into the topography of the Highlands. 2 . Of or pertaining to the Fenians (sb. 2) or to Fenianism. Fenian Brotherhood (see qnot. 1890.) 1865 Ann. Reg. 172 The new conspiracy commonly known by the name of ‘ Fenian’. Ibid. 175 A.. secret society called the Fenian Brotherhood. 1890 C. L. Norton. Polit . A mericanisms 43 As generally understood in America, the ‘ Fenian Brotherhood ’ is a league pledged to the liberation of Ireland. Fenianism (frnianiz’m}. [f. prec. + -ism.] The principles, purposes and methods of the Fenians. 1866 Spectator 1 Dec. 1329 The revival of Fenianism is as formidable as its outbreak. 1870 Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. I. (1873) 131 The. .invisible omnipresence of Fenianism. 1880 McCarthy Own Times IV. liii. 147 Their deaths did not discourage the spirit of Fenianism. t Feniculaceous, a. Obs. rare- 1 , [f. L. fxniculum fennel + -aceous.} Resembling fennel. 1657 Tomlinson Retiou's Disp. 240 Wilde Parsnip .. its stalk and muscary being feniculaceous. Fenix, obs. form of Phcenix. + Fenk, v. Obs. In 4 fenke, venke. [ad. OF. vencre (mod.F. vaincre) L. vine ere i\ trails . To vanquish ; conquer. Also absol. c 1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 2024 Ouercomen, venkud, and bitraid. 1340-70 Alisaundcr 323 Philip fenkes in fyght. 1340 70 A lex. $ Dind. 339 Haddest J?ou fenked [>e foil.. |>at in hi flech dwellen. Fenks (fenks\//. Also finks. The fibrous parts of the blubber of a whale, which contain the oil; the refuse of the blubber when melted. Also in Comb., as fenk(s)-back : seequot. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 399 A ‘ fenk-back’ or depository for the refuse of the blubber. Ibid. II. 434 The fenks .. form an excellent manure. 1836 Uncle Philip's Convers. IP hale Fishery 232 The men .. stir the blubber with poles .. to prevent the fenks from sticking to the sides. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Finks. t Feil-lich, a. and adv. [OE. fenlic , f. Fen sb. 1 + -He, -ly 1 ; the mod. form would be *fenlyi\ Fenny, dirty, marshy, miry. Hence Fe'nliche adv., filthily. c 1000 ./Elfric Gram. ix. (Z.'i 45 Paluster , fenlic. c 1000 St. Guthlac (1848) 22 Betwyx ha fenlican gewrido haes wid- gillan westenes, }>£et he ana ongan eardian. <11225 After. R. 206 Hwo se nule i 5 e muchele ful 5 e uenliche uallen. <11240 Ureisun in Colt. Horn. 202 Ich ham wiS hore horie fenliche ifuled. Fe*n-like, a. Resembling a fen, marshy. 1561 Daus tr. Bullinger oti Apoc. (1573) 225 b, Altogether frog§;elyke and fenlyke. 1660 Howell Lexicon , Fennie, fen-like, marescageux , palustre. Fe •n-man. An inhabitant of the fens. 1610 Holland Camden's Brit. 49T Girvij that is, as some interpret it, Fen-men or Fen-dwellers. 1611 Cotgr. s.v. Bocuf As our fenne-men [say], rather catch a ducke than feed an Oxe. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 600 The Fen-men hold that the Sewers must be kept. 1766 Pennant Zool. (1776) I. 254 Stares .. do great damage to the fen men by roosting on the reeds. 1856 P. Thompson Hist. Boston 644 The fen- men. .were, a century later, known as the Slodgers, or Fen- Slodgers. 1865 Kingsley Hereto. Prel. 19 After the snow would come the fenman’s yearly holiday. t Fe’line. Obs. rare~ v . ? A dragon. 1567 Turberv. tr. Ovid's Fp. vi. 25 And that the waker Fenne the golden spoyle did keepe. || Fennec (fe-nek). Zool. Also fennie. [Arab. eJuli fenek, a name vaguely applied to various fur- bearing animals.] The name of an animal (Cams zerda ) found in Africa, resembling a small fox, but having very long ears. 1790 Bruce Trav. V. 135 After leaving Algiers I met with another fennec at Tunis. 1848 Craig, Fennie. c 1850 Nat. Encycl. I. 264 Various species of foxes and fox-like animals, among which we may notice the fennec. 1888 Riverside Nat. Hist. V. 412 The Fennec is a pretty little animal, rang¬ ing over a large part of Africa. Fennel (fe’nel). Forms: 1 finusl, finul(e, fenol, finol, 3, 5 fenyl(le, (4 fynel, 5, 7 fenil, 6 foenall\ 4-7 fenel(l(e, 6-7 fennell, 7- fennel. See also Finkle. [OE. finugl, finale wk. fern., fenol, final masc., ad. popular L. fenuclum, fenoclum (substituted for class. L. fixniculum, dim. of fxnum hay); from the same form come OF. fenoil (mod. F .fenouil), Pr. fenolh, It.finoechio, Sp. hinojo.~\ 1 . A fragrant perennial umbcllifer (Fxniculum vulgare) having yellow flowers, cultivated chiefly for its use in sauces eaten with salmon, etc. a •joo Epittal Gloss. 451 Finiculus , finugl. c 1000 A£lfric Gloss, in Wr.-Wulcker 322 Fcniculum, fenol. a 1310 in Wright Lyric P.xiil 44 The fenyl ant the fille. 1393 Gower Conf III. 129 His herbe. .The vertuous fenel. i486 Bk. St. Albans B iv b, Wassh the flesh .. in y J Juce of fenell. 1533 Elyot Cast. Helthe (1539) 41 a, Wyne .. wherin the rootes of persely or fenel be stieped. 1538 Turner Libellus , Foe- nell, Feniculum. 1602 Shaks. Ham. iv. v. 180 There’s Fen¬ nell for you. 1667 Milton P. L. ix. 581 A savorie odour . .more pleas’d my sense Than smell of sweetest Fenel. 1732 Ar.buthnot Rules of Diet 260 Fennel .. contains a subtil Spice. 1770 Goldsm. Des. Vill. 234 With aspen boughs, and flowers and fennel gay. 1796 Mrs. Glasse Cookery xviii. 291 Garnish with fennel and parsley. 1841-6 Longf. Goblet of Life v, The fennel with its yellow flowers. 1879 Browning PJieidippides 82 This herbage I bear—Fennel, whatever it bode. b. With qualifying words indicating different species ; esp. Indian Fennel, Fstniculum Panmo- rium , an annual variety of F. vulgare employed in India in curries and for medicinal purposes. Sweet Fennel, Fxniculum dulee or officinale, grown in kitchen-gardens for the sake of its leaves. 1796 C. Marshall Garden, xvi. (1813) 267 Sweet fennel is an annual, cultivated for its seeds in medicine. 1811 A. T. Thomson Loud. Disp. (1818) 34 The root of. .the common fennel, and the seed of. .the sweet fennel, are officinal. 2 . Popularly applied to plants resembling the preceding, as Dog* or Dog’s Fennel, Anthemis Cotula\ Hog’s Fennel, Peitcedanum officinale ; Horse Fennel, Seseli Hippomarathrum; Sea Fennel, Crithmum maritimum ; Sow Fennel = Hog s F .; Water Fennel, Callilriclie verna. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 20 Doggefenell. .in the commynge vp is lyke fenell, and beareth many white floures. 1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. 73/1 The dog Fennel hath small deep dark leaves. 1712 tr. Pomct's Hist. Drugs I. 7 Another kind of Fennel .. bears the Name of Sea-Fennel. 1863 Prior Plant-n. (1879) 77 Dog’s Fennel. b. Fennel-flower, a herb of the genus Nigella. Also with distinguishing epithets, as Common, Spanish , Small, Wild Fennel-flower. 1863 Prior Plant-n. (1879) 77 Fennel-Flower, from its fennel-like finely divided leaves. 1868 Hereman PaxtotCs Bot. Diet. 392/2 The species of Fennel-flower are curious and ornamental. c. Fennel-giant (. Ferula communis'), a plant of the genus Ferula ; also with distinguishing epithets, as Broad-leaved, Furrozved, Knotted, etc. = Giant fennel. 1578 Lyte Dodocns 11. lxxxix. 269 The seconde kinde is called, .wilde Fenell, and great Fenell: and of some Fenell Giant. 1591 Sylvester Du Bartas 1. iii. (1641) 27/2 Th* Hearb Sagapen [side note Fenelgyant] serves the slowe Asse for meat. 1654 Gataker Disc. Apol. 70 A Ferula, or Fennel-giant, as some term it. 1794 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxii. 237 It [Ferula] is so lofty and large a plant as to have acquired the name of Fennel Giant. 1848 in Craig. 3 . As an emblem of flattery. 1584 Lyly Sappho 11. iv, Fancy is a worme, that feedeth first upon fenell. 1592 Greene Upst. Courtier (1871) 2 Womans weeds, fennel I mean for flatterers. 1634 Phyala Lachrymarum (Nares), Nor fennell-finkle bring for flattery. 4 . attrib. and Comb., as fennel-plant, -root, - seed, -stalk ; fennel-like, -rubbed adjs.; also + fennel apple, the name of a variety of apple ; fennel oil, ‘ the oil of common fennel containing anethol and a terpene ’ (Watts); fennel water, a spirituous liquor prepared from fennel seed, = FENOUiLLETTE. 1664 Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 225 Apples . .*Fennel Apple. 1721 in Bailey. 1855 Singleton Virgil I. 65 Blooming *fennel-plants And giant lilies tossing to and fro. 1642 Milton Apol. Smect. (1851) 288 To see clearer then any *fenell rub’d Serpent, c 1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 28 *Finol saed .. gnid to duste. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. v. 156, 1 haue .. A FerJ>ing-wor}> of Fenel-seed for l?is Fastyng dayes. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 528 Take Earth made with Marjoram, .bruised, or stamped, and set in it Fennell-Seed. 1691 Ray Creation 1.75 You can by no Culture, .extend a * Fennel Stalk to the stature and bigness of an Oak. 1757 A. Cooper Distiller n. v. (1760) 126 Simple Waters now commonly made are .. Cinamon-water, *Fennel-water, etc. 1879 Encycl. Brit. (ed. o) IX. 76/1 The fruits, .are used for the preparation of oil of fennel and fennel water. Fenner (fe*n3j). rare. [f. Fen sb . 1 + -ER 1 ] = Fen-man. 1844 [see FensA* 5]. + Fennilich, a. Obs. [f. Fenny + -lick, -ly T] Dirty, filthy, miry. a 1225 St. Marker. 15 Fule ant fenniliche i fleschliche fulthen. c 1230 IlaliMeid. 11 Into ful 5 e fenniliche akaste 5 se monie. + Fennin, fenny. Obs. [Corruption of Ger. pfenning.’] English names for the German coin pfennig, now worth about a tenth of a penny. 1611 Cory at Crudities 465 Tinne money called fennies. 1756 Nugent Gr. Tour II. 61 Inmost of the king of Prussia’s dominions, the moneys are expressed by crowns .. grosses, and fennins. Fennish (fe-nij), a. [f. Fen sb . 1 + -ish.] 1 . =Fenny a. 1 i. 1577 B. Googe Hcresbach's Husb. 1. (1586) 24 The land it selfe is .. called .. fennishe, where the water still continues. 1602 Fulbecke 2ndPt. Parall. 54To turne. .fennish ground into firme ground. 1661 Lovell Hist. Anim. <5- Min. 145 In Fennish and watery places. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. 2 . Belonging to or produced from a fen. Also of a bird : Inhabiting the fen. 1574 Whitgift Def. Auns7u. iii. § 30. 378 All the Fennishe waters in a whole Countrey. 1600 Maides Metam. 11. in Bullen O. PI. I. 120 Where fennish fogges and vapours do abound. 1661 Lovell Hist. Anim. <$• Min. Introd. 4 Tit¬ mouse, great fennish. 1851 College Life time Jas. I, 63 Symonds fell a victim to the fennish malaria. 3 . Savouring of the fen; muddy. 1661 J. Childrey Brit. Bacon 88 The Stews, .were made to feed Pikes and Tenches fat, and to scour them from their muddy Fennish taste. Fenny (fe-ni), aP [OE .fyinig, i.fpin Fen.] 1 . Of the nature of, or characterized by, fen; boggy, swampy. c 1000 Allfric Gloss, in Wr.-Wulcker 147 Uliginosus ager, fennig ascer. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 11. 22 The fenny feeld it is not forto plowe. a 1440 Found. St. Bartholomew's 12 Right vncleene it was and as a inaryce dunge and fenny with water. 1553 Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 19 They are .. engendered .. in fennie & marrishe grouttdes. 1624 Capt. Smith Virginia iv. 162 Large Fenny vnwholsome Marshes. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 406 ir 4 They journey through the fenny Moors. 1805 Luccock Nat. Wool 186 Almost the only animal of the kind known through the fenny district. 1858 Bushnell Nat. < 5 * Supernat. vi. (1864) 192 Muddy rivers, with their fenny shores, tenanted by hideous alligators. 2 . Inhabiting, growing, or produced in a fen. Now only of plants. 1543TRAHERON Vigo’s Chirurg. 11. ix. 42 He must abstaine also from maryshe fyshes and fennie, and drye .. oystres. 1545 Ascham Toxoph. (Arb.) 128 A fennye goose. 1587 Harrison England 11. xxii. (1877) 1. 343 Fennie bote, broome, turffe, [etc.] .. will be good merchandize euen in the citie of London. 1605 Shaks. Macb. iv. i. 12 Fillet of a Fenny Snake, In the Cauldron boyle and bake. 1607 Topsell Serpents (1608) 705 Dragons, .fenny, and living in the marishes. c 1629 Layton Synos Plea Ep. Ded., Fenny- Bitters in their hollowe canne make a terrible noyse. x66o Lovell Hist. Anim. < 5 * Min. 181 They are a fenny fowl. a 1721 Prior Solomon 1. 324 In the troubl’d Stream and fenny Brake. 1818 Keats Endym. 1. 80 Winding through palmy fern, and rushes fenny. 1822 Hood Lycus, Like a long silver rivulet under The long fenny grass. + 3 . Muddy, dirty. Also fig. Obs. c 897 K. /Elfred Gregory's Past. xiii. 74 Gif sio [hondj.. bi 5 ..fennegu. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 1113 J>a3 J> ou be man fenny, & al to-marred in myre .. J?ou may schyne i?ur3 schryfte. a 1340 Ham pole Psalter lxxvii. 50 Vayn ianglynge [>at is in fenny wittes. 1635 Quarles Embl. 11. xiv. (1718) 118 What fenny trash maintains the smoth’ring fires Of his desires ! 4 . Comb., fenny-seated a., situated in a fen; + fenny-stones, a kind of Orchis. 1631 Weever Anc . Fun. Mon. 58 That famous fenny- seated Monastery. 1597 Gerardk Herbal 1. cv. 174 Of Fennie stones. 1678 Phillips, Fenny-stones , a plant some¬ what of the nature and kind of the Cynos Orchis or Dog- stones. 1721-1800 Bailey, Fenny-stones. Fe*nny, «. 2 Obs. exc. dial. Also 1 fynis, 8 vinny. [OE .fiynig, i.fyne, Fen sb . 2 mould. Cf. Finew.] Spoiled with damp, mouldy, musty. c 1000 jElfric Josh. ix. 5 Finie hlafas. 1573 Tusser Husb. xxxv. (1878) 83 More fennie the laier the better his lust, more apt to beare hops when it crumbles like dust. 1674 Ray A. 4 * E. C. Words 65 Fenny cheese, mouldy cheese, Kent. 1736 Lewis Thanet Gloss., Fenny , rotten, mouldy cheese ‘ vinny cheese ’. c i860 Kentish dial., ‘ This bread is fenny ma’am, all through lying in that damp place. 1 Fennyxe, obs. form of Phcenix. Feno(c)chio, obs. f. Finochio, sweet fennel. Fenoe, Fenoed, var. of Finew, Fine wed, Obs. + Fe’nory. Obs. rare - 1 . [f. L. fxnorfemits interest + -Y 3 .] Interest of money. 1572 T. Wilson Usurye 85 b, Usurye or fenorye is a gayne demaunded aboue y° principal. + Fenouil. [in Y.fenouillet, f. fenouil Fennel.] = Fennel apple; see Fennel 4. 1664 Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 207 Apples.. John-Apples, Robillard, Red Fennouil. + Fenouille*tte. Also 8 fenouillet(e. [a. F .fenouillctte, f. fenouil Fennel.] Fennel water. 1706 Lond. Gaz. No. 4280/4 French Wines, most Clarets, Prunes, Brandy, and Fenouillete. 1715 Dr. Swift's Real Diary 5 (D.) He’s a silly fellow. Went home to take some fenouillet I was so sick of him. 1758 J. S. Lc Draft's Observ. Surg. (1771) 282, I. .found a scent of Fenouillette. Fenow(e, -ed, var. of Finew, Finewed, Obs. Fensabill, -bly, obs. flf. Fencible, Fbncibly. + Fe •nsive, a. Obs. [Shortened form of De¬ fensive.] = Defensive. 1583 Stanyhurst ZEneis 11. (Arb.) 53 Fensiue seruice. 1595 Earnfield Sofin. i, Skin, the bodies fensiue wall. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. 15 The Troyans .. seeke to retire into their fensive towne. 1621 Quarles Div. Poems, Esther (1717) 157 The Hills His fensive Bulwarks are. + Fe •nsure. Obs. Also 6 feanser. [f. fens, obs. f. Fence v. + -ure.] A fence. 1552 Huloet, Fence or fensure, vallum, a iyoo Lord of Lorn in Roxb. Ball. (1874) II. 352 The Lady is a hunting gone over feanser that is so high. Feut (fent), sb. Also 5 vent, 5-7 fente, 7 fenth. [ad. Fr. fente. f. fendre L .^findere to split.] 1 . A short slit or opening in a robe, esp. the opening at the throat, usually closed by a brooch, trimmed with fur, etc. Also a placket or placket- hole. Now chiefly dial. C1430 Syr Gcner. (Roxb.) 5941 The stroke vndre the fent, Queyntly al a-side it went, c 1440 Promp. Par7>. 156 Fente of a clothe, fbulatorium. c 1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. 55 Flours fair furred on euerie fent. 1459 Wardrobe Sir T. Fastolf m Arclueologia XXL 253, i jakket of red felwet, the ventis bounde with red lether. a 1500 Assembly of Ladies, The coller and the vent.. With greate perles.. were couched al after one worching. 1502 Privy Purse Exp. Eliz. of York (1830) 69 Item for a nayle of sarcenet for fentes for the same gowne iiij^. 1530 Palsgr. 219/2 Fent of a gowne, fente. 1611 Cotgr., La fente d'wie chemise, the fent of a shirt. 1652 Urquhart Jewel Wks. (1834) 241 A cloth of gold petticoat, in the anterior fente whereof was an asteristick ouch. 1814 Law Case G am X He put his hand, .into the fent of her petticoat. 2 . + a. A crack in the skin (obs.); b. (see quot. 1776); e. an opening or rift in the ground. 1597 Lowe Chirurg. (1634) 188 Clifts or Fenths in the Kates or Nose. 1776 Da Costa Conch. 243 The fent (Rima) is the opening of the Shells on the Slopes. 1878 Lady Herbert tr. Hiibner's Ramble It. ii. 244 A ravine, or rather a deep fent in the soil. FENT, 159 FERAL. 3 . dial. The binding of any part of the dress. 1847 in Haluwell. 1877 U, W. Line. Gloss., Pent, the binding of a woman’s dress. 4 . A remnant (of cloth). 1847 in Haluwell. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss,, Fonts ..remnants of cloth in varieties. i860 O’Neill Chem. Calico-Printing 312 If a fent mordanted for black and purple be dipped in hot caustic soda, it will [etc.]. 1865 11 . Brierley Irkilale I. 156 A couple of fents of his own weaving. 5 . attrib., (sense 4) as fenl-dcaler, -merchant. 1884 Manck. Exam. 18 Sept. 5/3 Mr. M... started in business as a fent and general merchant. 1892 Simmonds Trade Diet. Sup., Fcnt-Dealer, a piece broker, a retailer of remnants of cloth. + Fent, v. Obs. rare [f. prec. sb.] trans. ? To make slits in. 1589 Nottingham Rec. IV. 227 For fentinge tenne moryons ijf. ii]d. Fent, -ly, obs. and dial. ff. Faint sb., Faintly. Fenugreek (fe’niwgnk). Forms : 1 fenogre- cum, 4-5 fene-, feyngrek, (4 feiny greke), 6 fene-, feny-greke, fen(e)-, fenigreek(e, (6 fene- cryck, 7 foenegreeke), 6-7 feni-, feny-, fenu¬ greek, (S fenegry), 7 fenu-Greek, 9 feenu- greek, 7- fenugreek. [OE. fenogrsecum , L. fxnugrsecum for fsenum Grxcum Greek hay, the name given by the Romans (see quot. 1861). The ME. and later forms are ad. Fr. fenngrec= Pr. fenugrec , fengrec. ] 1 . A leguminous plant ( Trigonella Fccnum Grx - cum) cultivated for its seeds, which are used by farriers. ciooo Sax. Leechd. II. 181 WiJ> sarum ma&an eft gedo on wearmne ele J>a wyrt hatte fenogrecum. 13.. Med. Receipt in Rel. Ant. I. 51 Tak. .feinygreke. .and farse the catte. c 1420 Pallad. 071 Husb. 11. 43 Ffeyngrek .. is to be sowe. .in this Janes ende. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 5 a, The flour or meale of Fenegreke. 1631 Markham Cheap Husb. I. Table Hard Words, Fenugreek is an Herb which hath a long slender trailing stalk. 1708 W. King Cookery ix, The herb fenugreek , with pickles, oil, and wine, was a Roman dainty. 1861 Miss Pratt Flower. PI. II. 97 Fenugreek .. so called by the Romans from their having adopted .. the practice of cutting and drying it for fodder. 1877 Erichsen Surg. I. 15 The patient should be roused by the use of vinegar or fenugreek. 2 . attrib., as fenugreek-flower, -seed. 1614 Markham Cheap Husb. i.v.(i668)4i Take..of Fenu¬ greek-seed one ounce. 1643 J. Steer tr. Exp. Chyrurg. vi. 25 A Decoction of Foenegreeke or Melelot flowers. 1791 Hamilton Berthollet's Dyeing II. 11. in. ii. T36 One dram of fenugreek seed. 1833 Soyer Pantroph. 144 Cook it in a saucepan with.. fenugreek seed. Fenum, obs. f. Fcenum, dial. f. of Venom. Fenyce, obs. form of Phcenix. + Fe’nyent, a. Sc. Obs. rare. [a. OF .feignanti] = Faineant attrib. 1 444 Sc. Acts 19 Jan. {title), Act for the way-putting of Fenyent Fules. Fenyhe, -ye, -yie, obs. Sc. forms of Feign. Feny(ne, obs. form of Feign. Fenysh, obs. form of Finish. Feo, obs. form of Fee and 2 . Feoble, obs. form of Feeble. Feodary, Feodatory: see Feu-. Feod(e, obs. forms of Feud sb . 1 and 2 . Feoff, var. form of Fief sb. Feoff (fef), v. Forms : 3 feoffen, 3-7 feff, 6-7 feoffe, (feofe, feoffee), 4-7 feoff, (9 dial. feft). Pa. t. and pa. pple. feoffed; also 5-6 feft(e, 7 feoft. See also Fief v. [Early ME. feoffen, ad. AF . feoffer, OV.feuffr, jiejfer, f. flat, fief\ see Fee sb.-, Fief sbl\ 1 . Law. traits. To put in legal possession (pro¬ perly confined to freehold interests in corporeal hereditaments; formerly sometimes inaccurately used of leasehold) ; = Enfeoff v. i. ? Obs. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 463/33 To feoffen heore children bare-wiz echon. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7585 Men of religion of normandie.. He feffede here mid londes. c 1330 R. Brunne Chro 7 i. (1810) 35 J>e abbey of Rumeye he feffed richely With rentes, c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Jnstina 648 pe bischope gert pane a nunry make & feffit for Justinis sake. ^1386 Chaucer Merck. T. 454 Every script and bond, By which that sche was feoffed in his lond. 1415 E. E. Wills (1882) 24 The londes rentes that 3e bun feoffed In. c 1425 Wyntoun Crofi. v. x. 347 He fefte \>e kyrk.. Wytht gret and fayre and fre Franchys. c 1430 How Wise Mon tau^t Son 96 in Babees Bk. (1868) 51 For ritchesse take hir neuere pe more J>ou3 sche wolde pee hope feffe & ceese. 1520 Caxton's Chro?i. Eng. v. 49 b/2 Whan Arthur had thus his knyghtes feoffed. 1573 Tusser Husb. cxiii. (1878) 213 Gentrie standes, not all by landes, Nor all so feft. 1620 Bp. Hall Hon. Mar. Clergie II. § 8 Anastatius. .feoffed in some Temporalties which hee would rather die than not leave to his issue. b. To feoff (one person) to the use of (another) : to invest with the legal estate, subject to an obliga¬ tion to allow the use to (the other person). Until 1535 this proceeding was very commonly resorted to to evade the burdens incident to ownership of land. The Statute of Uses passed in that year provided that in all cases of feoffment to uses the cestui que use should have the legal estate. 1491 Act 7 Hen. VII , c. 20 § 7 Persones feoffed or seased to thuse of theym. t c. fig. Obs. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 239 Men gyf God J>e lest, pe feffe him with a fer Jung. c 1350 Will. Palerne 193 Til alle his felawes were ferst feffed to here paie. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. 11. iii. 38 po feffedest pou fortune wip glosynge wordes. c 1450 Crt. of Love 932 Nay God forbid to feffe you so with grace, c 1460 Towfieley Myst. (Surtees) 115 Ye two are welle feft, sam in a stede. a 1656 Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 154 That we may be feoffed in that blessed inheritance. ‘d. f In wider sense: To present (a person) with anything (obs.). Also dial, (see quot. 1855). 1377 Langl. P, PI. B. ii. 146 And feffe false-witnes with floreines ynowe. c 1450 Merlvi 374 The kynge hym feffed with his right glove. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss., Fef ted, legally secured with a maintenance. ‘ He fefted his wife on so much a year.’ + 2 . To confer (a heritable possession) upon. Chiefly fig. Obs. 1571 Golding Calvin onPs. lxxiii. 7 God feoffeth abundance of all good thinges upon them. 1592 Warner Alb. Eug. vii. xxxv. (1612) 169 Those Stiles .. were strange, but thay Did feofe them on the base-borne Muffe. 1612-5 Bp. Hall Contempl ., O. T. x. vi, He makes his son his priest, and feoffees that sinne upon his sonne which he received from his mother. 1649 — Cases Cousc. 111. i. (1654) 169 Feoffing a supernaturall vertue upon drugges. Feoffee (feff). Law. Forms: 5-6 feffee, 5 fefee, -i(e, 5-7 feoffe, 5-8 feofe(e, 7 feofy, 9 feeoffe(e, 6- feoffee, [ad. AF. feoffe, pa. pple. of feoffer : see prec.] 1 . The person to whom a freehold estate in land is conveyed by a feoffment. 1542-3 Act 34-5 Hen. VIII , c. 5 5 17 The donees, feoffes, lessees, and deuisees therof. 1660 Bond Scut. Reg. 92 The Feoffee his title is only from the Feoffor. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IV. 427 In this case, .the feoffee hath an estate upon condition. 1876 Digby Real Prop. i. 49 The grantor is called the feoffor, the grantee the feoffee. 2 . spec. a. (More fully feoffee in or of trust?) A trustee invested with a freehold estate in land. Now chiefly applied in pi. to certain boards of elected or nominated trustees holding land for charitable or other public purposes. Also in Feoffee to Uses : see Feoff v. i b. [1275 Stat. Westm. 1. 3 Edw. I, c. 48 Et si lenfaunt seit aloingne ou destourbe par le gardein ou par le feoffe ou par autre par quei il ne puisse sasise suire.] 1411 E. E. Wills (1882) 19 Teneinentes .. stondynge in feffies handes. 1491 Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 2 § 5 They and their feoffes to the use of every of theym. 1593 Norden Spec. Brit., M'sex. 1. 22 The schole is in the disposition of sixe go¬ vernors or feffees. 1596 Spenser State Irel. (1633) 19 Desmond .. conveyed secretly all his lands to Feoffees of trust. 1631 T. Powell Tom all Trades 145 In the gift of the Executor, Heire, or Feofee of such Donor. 1647 Digges Unlawf. Taking Arms ii. 21 As children who have lost a father, and whose fortunes by his care are left to Feoffees in trust. 1655 Gouge's Comm. Heb., Life, He was chosen a Trustee or Feofy. 1680 Evelyn Diary (1827) III. 26 A meeting of the feoffees of the poore of our parish. 1735 H. Grf.swold Let. to Walmesley in Boswell JoJuiso7i an. 1736, It takeing up some time to informe the feoffees [of the school] of the contents thereof. 1861 W. S. Perry Hist . Ch. Eng. I. xii. 417 The attempt which the Puritans were . .making to strengthen their party, by means of a Cor¬ poration of Feoffees to buy up impropriations. fig. 1655 Gurnall Chr. in Atvh. xl. (1669) 392/1 Art thou not God’s feoffee in trust to take care of their souls? f b. (More fully feoffee in mortgage .) A mort¬ gagee. Obs. 1590 Swinburne Testaments 93 In this case .. the feoffee cannot deui.se the corne growing vpon the said lande. 1628 Coke On Litt. 209 b, The Feoffee in morgage. Hence Feoffeeship, the office of a feoffee. 1652 Cj\vc^.Magastrom. 239 Whether you shall waxe rich by..offices, places, executorship, feoffeship, &c. Feoffmeilt (fe’fment). Law. Forms: 4-6, 9 dial. feff(e)ment, (5 feefe-, fef(e)ment), feoffa- ment, 5, 9 dial, feftment, 6-7 feoffe-, feof(e)- ment, 6- feoffment, [a. AF. feoffement-, see Feoff v. and -ment.] 1 . The action of investing a person with a fief or fee. In technical lang. applied esp. to the particular mode of conveyance (originally the only one used, but now almost obsolete) in which a person is in¬ vested witli a freehold estate in lands by livery of seisin (at common law generally but not necessarily evidenced by a deed, which however is now re¬ quired by statute). c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 254 Edward .. salle gyue Philip ];e Kyng Alle holy Gascoyn.. After he forty dayes of hat feffement, Philip .. salle gyue [etc.]. 1439 F. E. Wills (1882) 118 By wey of graunt or feeffement. 1440 Promp. Parv. 153 Helement,/eo/amentmn. 1463 Mann. Househ. Exp. 475 Item, to go throw wyth the feffement of my lordes of Norffolke. 1531 Dial, on Laws Eng. 1. xxi. (1638) 39 He that hath the estate, may lawfully., make a feoffement thereof. 1660 R. Coke Power 4 Subj. 25 Feoff¬ ment .. is the most ancient and necessary Conveyance which is used by the Common Law. 1767 Blackstone Comm. IL 11. xx. 311 By the mere words of the deed the feoffment is by no means perfected. 1875 Posts Gains 11. Comm, (ed. 2) 172 The essence of a feoffment is livery of seisin. b. spec, (more fully) feoffment in , of upon , trust; feoffment to uses : see Feoff v. i b. 1489 Plumpton Corr. 70 A feoffament of trust indented made by your mastership unto me. 1490 Ibid. 97 William Plompton .. shewed to me a copy of astate & feftment, mad by my master..to certaine feofes, to his beofe [ = to his own use] of lands.. for terme of his lyfe. 1538 Leland I tin. IV. 14 To whom he left his Land in Feoment withowt Declaration of Wy]le to any use. 1552 Huloet, Feofment of trust ,fidei commissinn. 1606 Holland Sueton. § 23. 165 The iurisdiction as touching feofments upon trust. 1695 Kennett Par. Antiq. (1818) II. 58 This feoffment was judicially suppressed.. Feb. 13, 1633. 1827 Hallam Const. Hist. (1876) I. vi. 344 The practice of feoffments to uses. C. dial. An endowment. 1561 Richmond. Wills (Surtees) 151, I will that all suche feoffaments and annuities as I have made unto Symonde .. Askwithe shall stand according to th’ effecte of my graunte therof maide. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss ., Feftments, portions of property belonging to an endowment. d. Deed of feoffment : The instrument or deed by which corporeal hereditaments are conveyed. 1545-6 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 252 Hys dede of feoffement. 1616 B. Jonson Devil an Ass iv. iii, He. .ha’s caused A deed of feoffment .. To be drawne yonder. 1765 Blackstone Comm. I. 79 By the custom of gavelkind, an infant of fifteen years may by one species of conveyance (called a deed of feoffment) convey away his lands in fee simple. 1876 Ban¬ croft Hist. U. S. II. xxiv. iii The lower province was granted by two deeds of feoffment. + 2 . =1 d. Obs. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. 11. 72 Symonyeand cyuile.. vnfoldeth be feffement. 14.. Phnnpton Corr. 46 My nephew, .shewed to me a wyll made upon a feftment. 1672 Petty Pol. final. (1691) 7 Forg’d Feofments. 3 . The fief conferred. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 249 Fo [v.r. To] wild ]>e feffementes aid & bei granted bertille. Feoffor, feoffer (fe'for). Law. Forms: 5 fefFer, (6 -or), -our(e, fefowre, 6 feofer, -ffour, 7 -ffeer, 5- feoffor, 6- feoffer. [ad. AF .feoffour y f. feoffer Feoff vl\ 1 . One who makes a feoffment to another. Rarely Hist, in feudal sense: One who invests another with a fief. 1440 Promp.Parv. 153 Fefowr e,feofatus. 1483 Act 1 Rich . Ill, c. 1 The Sellers, Feoffors, Donors, or Granters. 1594 West 2 nd Pt. Symbol, Chancerie § 37 The feoffor .. may reenter and have hys land again. 1613 Sir H. Finch Law (1636) 133 A good Liuery of seisin if the other enter in the feoffors life time. 1767 Blackstone Comm. II. 11. xx, 311 Unless the feoffor, .hath given it a longer continuance. 1865 Nichols Britton II. 6 The first feoffor or the lord of the most ancient fee has a better right. 1888 Eng. Hist. Rev. III. 41 Can a feoffer dispose of a fief without the written consent of his feodary? U 2 . Formerly often misused for Feoffee. 1426 E. E. Wills (1882) 71, I praye my feffours J>at bay wolde enfeffe Philippe Dene on .vj. marces of rente. 1535 J. Atwell in Wells Wills { 1890)82 My feoffers of all my lands in Bromfelde. 1603 H. Crosse Verincs Conimw. (1878) 91 Hee is a bayliffe, steward, and Feoffer in trust. + Feofydye. Obs. = Feoffment in trust (Anglo- L . feoffamenttim fidei ; ? abbreviated feoff, fidci). 1544-5 J. Mere Let. in Abp. Parker's Corr. [Parker Soc.) 18, I would most heartily desire you.. to know who receiveth the feofydye of West Walton in Marshlands. Feoh, obs. form of Fee sb . 1 Feole, variant form of Fele a. and adv. Feon, Feond, obs. forms of Pheon, Fiend. Feood, obs. form of Feud sb . 1 + Fer, v. App. meaningless : see context of quot. J 599> of which the phrase in 1611 is prob. an echo. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V, iv. iv. 29 Boy. He sayes his Name is hi. Fer. Fist. M. Fer: lie fer him, and firke him, and ferret him. 1611 Barrry Rain AI ley 11. i, I..could haue ferd and ferkt y’away a wench As soon as eare a man a liue. Fer, obs. form of Far ; Fear sb .; Fire. Fera: see Ferra. Feracious (fern 1 -Jos), a. [f. L. ferdei-, ferdx (f. fer-re to bear) + -ous.] Bearing abundantly ; fruitful, prolific. 1637 Pocklington Altare Chr. 148 This feracious and pregnant Plebiscite. 1657 Tomlinson Renon 's Disp. 303 Which being very feracious would surrept all aliment front their wheat. 1735 Thomson Liberty lit. 363 Like an oak, Nurs’d on feracious Algidum. i 843 Carlyle Past <$- Pr. (1858) 139 A world so feracious, teeming with endless results. Feracity (ferce'siti). rai*e. [ad. L . ferdcitdt-em y noun of quality f. ferdx : see prec. and -acity.] The quality of being feracious; fruitfulness, pro-' ductiveness. f Of a person: The profit he makes. c 1420 Pallad. 07 i Husb. xii. 68 [The olive] wagged with wynde of feracitee. 1448 MS. Records Grocers Compa7iy, Facsimile Copy 292 That eny seche brocour .. Shulde be contributory to the werkes of the place. Euery Brocour after his feraucite. 1650 Elderfield Tythes 134 The earth, cursed, .into a. .natural feracity of briars and thorns. 1793 Beattie Moral Sc. iv. i. § 3. 517 Such writers, instead of brittle, would say fragile, instead of fruitfulness, feracity. 1822 Mrs. E. Nathan lLangreath III. 290 The lack of fera¬ city arising from the lower orders becoming desidiose. Feral (fl>*ral), a? [ad. L. ferdl-is of or per¬ taining to funeral rites or to the dead.] 1 . Of a deadly nature ; deadly, fatal. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. i. 11. xi. (1651) 30 Thence come . .vitious habits .. feral diseases. 1652 Gaule Magastrom. 303 Caesar himselfe had noted, that the Ides of March would be ferall to him. 1773 J. Ross Fratricide (MS.) II. 298 The feral tempter. .Stalks noiseless round him. b. Astrol. (See quots.) The astrologers identified this with Feral a.J 1647 Lilly Chr. Astrol. xvi. 89 Feral Signes are SI [Leo] and last part of [Sagittarius]. Ibid. clvi. 648 S in the seventh in ferall signes, argues death by Distraction. 1658-1706 Phillips, Feral Signs are Leo and the last part FERAL. FERE of Sagittarius, so call’d, not only upon Account of the representing the Figure of wild Beasts, but also [etc.]. 1819 J. Wilson Diet. Astral., The ) is also said to be feral, when she is void of course, having separated from a planet, and applying to no other. 2 . Of or pertaining to the dead; funereal, gloomy. 1640 Gaudf.n Love Truths 1641)26Those Owles, and Bats, and ferall Birds that love Darknesse. 1648 Eikon Bas. 134 Such a degree of splendour, as those ferall birds shall be grieved to behold. 1678 H. Vaughan Thalia Rediv. (1858) 246 A night, where, .feral fires appear instead of stars. 1705 Berkeley Cave Dunmore Wks. 1871 IV. 504 Ravens, screech-owls, and such like feral birds. 1785 Headley Ru ins Broomholm Priory 14 in Fugitive Pieces 4 Oft the Bird of Night Lengthens her feral note. 1881 Palgrave Visions 0/ Eng. 302 In feral order slow. The slaughter-barges go. Feral (floral), a. 2 [f. h.fcr-a wild beast + -al.] 1 . Of an animal: Wild, untamed. Of a plant, also {rarely}, of ground : Uncultivated. Now often applied to animals or plants that have lapsed into a wild from a domesticated condition. 1659 D. Pell Impr. Sea 213 It is impossible to reduce this feral creature. 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. i. (1878) 18 The dovecot pigeon..has become feral in several places. 1875 Lyell Princ. Geol. II. in. xxxv. 281 Domesticated animals allowed to run wild or become ‘ feral’. 1877 Coues & Allen N. Amer. Rod. 200 A corresponding variability is as normal to some purely feral animals as to the semi- domesticated species. 1882 W. T. T. Dyer in Nature XXV. 390 The Jardin des Plantes deals not merely with plants in their feral, but also in their cultivated state. 1882 Geikie Geol. Sketches 377 The feral ground, or territory left in a state of nature and given up to game, lies mostly upon rocks. 2 . Of, pertaining to, or resembling a wild beast; brutal, savage. 1604 T. W right Passions y. 268 Some ..arrive at a cer- tayne ferall or savage brutishnesse. 1659 D. Pell Impr. Sea 299 That feral and savage kinde of people which are .. of a Cannibal, .nature. Ibid. 368 Against the Spaniard, and the rest of our feral, and remote Antagonists. 1838 Blackw. Mag. XLIII. 789 A. .more potent charm .. which converts the feral into the human being. 1847 Gilfillan in Tail’s Mag. XIV. 622 It is not the feral or fiendish element in human nature. 3 . Used as sb. : A wild-beast. Ohs. rare. 1639 G. Daniel Ecclus. xiii. 61 What [alliance] 'twixt those ferals of Societie, Hiena and the Dog? Hence Ferality, the state of being feral. 1885 Stallybrass tr. Helm's Wand. Platits fy A nun. 21 There often sets in..a period of ferality, when the land presents the appearance, .of being exhausted by culture. Ibid. 39 The freedom in which young horses were bred must have frequently led to complete ferality. II Ferasll (feraj’). Anglo-Ind. Also 7 farras, frass. [Urdu from Arab, farrash, f. farasha to spread.] * A menial servant whose proper business is to spread carpets,pitch tents, etc., and do similar domestic work. In more common use in India two centuries ago than now’ (Yule). 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 11. 321 Other officers called Farrasin, that is. .chamberlaines. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India <$• P. 67 Where live the Frasses, or Porters also. 1824 Hajji Baba I. 59, I am a ferash, (a carpet spreader) said he. 1876 A. Arnold in Contemp. Rev. June 31 The governor, .kindly sent ten ferashes, or servants, to conduct us. Ferberite (fo'rberoit). Min . [f. Ferber name of two celebrated mineralogists + -ite.] + 1 . A proposed name (after J. J. Ferber) for a variety of gneiss. Obs. 1811 Pinkerton Petral. I. 216 The other may be called Ferberite, an honour due to Ferber. 2 . A variety of wolfram from Southern Spain (named by Liebe after R. Ferber 1863). 1868 Dana Min. 604 Ferberite .. on charcoal fuses easily to a magnetic globule. t Fe’rblet, ct- Obs. [Perh. for *forblet, pa. pple, of *forblete to make soft, f. blete soft.] ? Effeminate. a 1300 Fragm. Pop. Sc. (Wright) 275 A slou3 wrecche and ferblet, fast and loth to 3eve his god. Ibid. 280 Debonere ferblet, and lute luste to swynke. Fercest, -cost, var. forms of Farcost, Obs. + Fe rcule. Obs. rare. [ad. L. fercul-uvi , f. ferre to bear.] A frame, barrow, bier. 1606 Holland Suetoti. 131 He conveighed them within two Fercules (or frames), .into the Mausoleum. + Ferd, sb.l Obs. Forms : 1 fyrd, 2-4 ferde, (3 verde, 2 ferede), 3-5 ferd, (3 fserd, feord), 5 fiirde, furthe. See also Fard sb. [OE. f$rd, fat'd, fyrd str. fem. = OFris.ym/, OS. fard (MDu. vaert , Du. vaard, vaarf), OHG . fart (MPIG. vart, Ger. fain't), ON. ferd (Da. and Sw. fard) OTeut. *farti-z (:—pre-Teut. *porti-s), f. root far - (Aryan for-) to go, Fare vF\ 1 . A military expedition. OE. only. a 1000 Byrhlnoth 221 (Gr.) part ic of pisse fyrde feran wille. c 1000 Ags. Ps. (Thorpe) xliii, 11 [xliv. 9] peah pu.. mid us ne fare on fyrd. b. hi ferd : in warlike array. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 163 With pe wille I go als felawes in ferd. 2 . An army, host. 823 O. E. Chron. an. 823 pa sende he jEpelwulf his sunu of pare fierde. 1154 Ibid. an. 1140 Te king ferde agenes him mid micel mare ferd. c 1205 Lay. 4152 He somenede fard swulc nes naeuere ear on erde. a 1225 Ancr. R. 250 Ter men uihteS in peos stronge uerdes. a 1250 Owl $ Night. 1668 Havestu. .ibanned ferde. £1300 Havelok 2384 Robert ..was of al pe ferd Mayster. c 1330 Assump. Virg. 116 He schal sende after pee Of heuene ferde moche plente. 160 c 1350 Will. Palcrne 386 pemperour .. on his blonk rides .. til he fond al his fre ferd. 3 . A band, company, troop ; a great number. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7920 A uerde per was binorpe pat robbede al so uaste. c 1350 Will. Palcrne 5326 pe fairest ferde of folk pat euer bi-fore was seie. a 1400-50 A lexander 5577 Ferly ferd of his folke was in pe fild strangild. £1400 Dcstr. Troy 4094 With fyfty [shippes] in a furthe. c 1420 Anturs of Arth. xv. (Bannatyne Club) 103 pere folowes me a ferde of fendis full fell. 4 . Comb, in early law terms, ferd-fare (see quot. 1641) ; ferd-wite (see quots.). c 1020 Secular Laws Cuut § 66 Gif hwa burh-bote oppe bricjbote oppe fyrd-fare forsille. c 1250 Gloss. Law Terms in Rel. Ant. I. 33 Ferd ware, quite de aleren ost. 1641 Termes de la Ley 160 Fcrdfare is to be quit from going to warre. c 1020 Secular Laws Cnut § 12 Fyrd-wite. c 1250 Gloss. Lazo Terms in Rel. Ant. I. 33 Ferdwite, quite de murancc de ost. 1641 Termes de la Ley 160 Ferdwit. 1684-1701 Cowell Lazo Diet ., Ferdzvit , quit of murder committed in the army ; also a fine imposed on persons for not going forth in a military expedition. t Ferd, sbf Obs. Forms: 4-5 feerd, ferd(e. [subst. use of ferd, Feared fpl. a .] Fear, terror. Chiefly in phras e for ferd. Const, with inf. or with subord. clause introduced by lest or that, a 1300 Cursor M. 3651 (Cott.) For ferde atte he mistraw, ou salle say pou art esau. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. C. 215 enne such a ferde on hem fel. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 88 Malcolme.. fled for ferd. c 1384 Chaucer H. Fame 11. 442 He for ferde lost hys wyt. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 160 For ferde of sonne On hein let inne. a 1450 Knt. de la Tour 36 Loke that ye have ever a frende .. by you, for ferde. c 1460 Tozvneley Myst. (Surtees) 40 It gars me quake for ferd to dee. Ferd, var. form of Fard sb . 1 Sc. Obs. Ferd, obs. form of Feared fpl. a. Ferd, obs. form of Fourth. + Fe’rdegew. ? A vulgarism for Farthingale. a 1553 Udall Royster D. II. iii. (Arb.) 35 We shall go in our frenche hoodes euery day ; In our silk cassocks. .In our tricke ferdegews, and billiments of golde. II Fer-de-lance (fgr cb Ians, fe»i da Ians). [Fr. = head of a lance {fer lit. ‘ iron ’).] 1 . Her. A lance-head used as a charge. 1892 Woodward & Burnett Heraldry II. 731 Fer-de- lafice , sometimes pointed, sometimes blunt. 2 . (See quots.) 1880 Cassell’s Nat. Hist. IV. 319 The Yellow Viper of Martinique (Bothrops lanceolatus) called Fer-de-Lance there. 1888 Riverside Nat. Hist. III. 396 The genus Trigonoccphalus includes the most venomous animal of the western hemisphere, the celebrated fer-de-lance, T. lanceo~ latus , of Brazil. II Fer-de-moline (fe°i da m^lzn). Her. [a. F. fer de rnoulin ‘ iron of a mill ’.] (See quots.) 1741 Chambers Cycl., Fer de Moulin..is, a bearing in heraldry; supposed to represent the iron-ink, or ink of a mill, which sustains the moving mill-stone. 1864 Houteu. Heraldry Hist. Pop. xvii. § 2. 270 The fer-de-moline or, Ferder, obs. form of Further v. + Ferdful. Obs. Forms: 4-5 ferdful(l, feerd- ful, (4 fertful), 5 ferdefull, ferdfulle. [f. Ferd sb.Z + -FUL.] 1 . objectively. Inspiring fear; awsome, dreadful; = Fearful i. c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 21 Who is pee liik in stal- worhnes, Lord?, .feerdful and preisable and doinge wondris? 1388 — Dan. ii. 31 The loking therof [the ymage] was ferd- ful. 1414 Brampton Penit. Ps. xl. (Percy Soc.) 16 Lord !.. Thi ferdefull face whan I schal se. 1488 Caxton Chast. Goddes Chyld. 89 It was. .ferdfull to Peter for to be wyth cryst in his cruel persecucyon. 2 . subjectively. Full of fear; timorous. Also, Cautious through fear (of offending); wary. Cf. Fearful 3. 1382 Wyclif Prov. xxviii. 14 Blisful the man that euer- more is ferdful. 1398 T revisa Barth. De P. R. v. xxxvi. (1495) 151 The man is beraft boldenes and hardenes and is fertful. 14.. Hoccleve Ad beatam Virginem 47 Hir ferd¬ ful shame, hir shende wole. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon ix. 249 Now shew ye well that ye be ferdfull. a 1502 in Arnolde Cnron. (1811) 264, I knowe myself so ferdful for defaute of comyng. Hence re rdfulness = Fearfulness. 1388 Wyclif Ezek. xxxii. 23 Alle .. fallynge doun bi swerd, whiche 3auen sum tyme her ferdfulnesse in the lond of lyuinge men. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vm. i. (1495) 296 The worlae is place .. of ferdfulnes and of shame. 14.. Prose Legends in Anglia VIII. 143 [The fiend] caste hir downe in to dispayre by ferdefulnesse. + Fe rdillg. Obs. Also i fyrdung, 4 fardung. [OE. fyrdung, f. fyrdian to go on an expedition, f. fyrd, Ferd sbP ] A military expedition; an army. c 1000 Lazos Ethelred V. 26 Beo man georne .. ymbe fyrdunga. c 1020 Secular Lazos Cnut § 79 And se man pe on pam fyrdunge aetforan his hlaforde fealle. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 189 Mannes lifiode buuen eorSe is fardung. r 1250 Gen. «$• Ex. 842 On-kumen was cadalamor, king of elam, wi 5 ferding stor. t Fe rdlac. Obs. In 4 ferdlayk. [f. ferd, Feared ppl. a .: see -lock.] A state of fear, terror. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 2915 Ne he for ferdelayk is witte shuld lese. Ibid. 6427 j>e synful par [in helle] sal fele, |?ai suld in grete ferdlayk be broght. + Ferdly, a. Obs. rare— 1 , [f. Ferd sb.- + -ly 1 .] Fearful, frightful. 1440 in Pol. Iti’t. 4 /.. Poems (1866) 216 Nad I ben bab- tyzyd in water and salt, This ferdly fester wolde neuer me froo. Ferdness, obs. form of Fearedness. Ferdship. Obs. [f. ferd, Feared ppl. a. + -SHir.] Terror. a 1400-50 Alexander 988 And letis all ferdschip at flee. t Fe'rdy, a. Obs. rare— 1 , [f. Ferd sb.- + -y 1.] Fearful, timid. C1340 Cursor M. 17685 (Trin.) He seide Joseph be not ferdy. Fere,^. 1 Obs. exc. arch. Forms: a. 1 Nor thumb. feera, 2-9 fere, 3 south, v’tere, 3-6 fer, 3, 6-8 Sc. feir, (5 feyr), 4-8 feare, 4-9 feer(e. P. 6-8 phear(e, pheer(e, 7 phere. [ME. fere, ONorthumb. fdra, aphetic f. OE. gefera (Y-fere) pre-Eng. *giforjon-, f. gi- (Y-) together + *fbrd going, way, f. ablaut-root of faranl\ 1 . A companion, comrade, mate, partner; whether male or female ; + rarely in comb, with a sb., as meat-, play-, school-, sucking-fere : see those words. £975 Rushzo. Gosp. Matt, xxiii. 30 Ne waerun we foeran eora in blodgyte uitgana. c 1205 Lay. 26135 Howel .. nom al his feren and ferde to pan munte. a 1225 Ancr. R. 86 pu hauest monie ueren. a 1300 Cursor M. 8607 (Cott.) Fra hir fere sco stall hir barn. 1375 Barbour Bruce vi. 70 Till hunt hym owt off the land..as he war..a theyflf, or theyfFs fer. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xvm. 19 Peter, .and hus fere Andreu. c 1420 Sir Amadace (Camden) lviii, ‘ Is he comun ’ he sayd, ‘my nowun true fere?’ 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 600 Few feiris with him that tyme he hed. a 1572 Gascoigne Arraignm. of Lover , A quest, Of whom was falshoode formoste feere. 1575 Appius 4- Virginia in Hazl. Dodsley IV. 113 My sovereign lord and friendly pheer. 1627 Drayton Aginconrt 100 Englmids valient Infantry his Pheres. a X775 ‘ Hobie Noble' vii. in Child Ballads clxxxix. (1890)2/1 My feiries five ! 1830 Tennyson Poems 40 The lamb .. raceth freely with his fere. 1867 Jean Ingei.ow Story Doom v. 58 [She] went forth With tair and flattering words, among her feres. x88o Webb Goethe's Faust 24 Mine ancient fere, be merry ! b. in phrases: to choose, have, love , take to or unto [one's) fere. c x2oo Trin. Coll. Horn. 11 Elch man haueS to fere on engel of heuene. a 1250 Prov. VElfred 222 in O. E. Misc. 116 Ne may he for-vare pe hyne hauep to vere. c 1300 Cursor M. 4450 (Gott.) Bot pe mayster iaoler To ioseph taght paim vnto fere, c 1320 Cast. Loz>e 483 He ne louede [me] neuere to fere, pat Merci my suster nul not here. c 1420 Chron. Vilod. 498 Whom shall y haue now to my ffer? C1440 Parto7iope 129 Ye haue chose me to youre feere. c. of inanimate things. 1593 Southwell St. Peter's Compi. To Rdr., Licence my single penne to seeke a pheere. 1595 — Poems, David's Peccavi i, Feares now are my pheares. 2 . A consort; spouse ; a husband or wife ; + rarely nuptial, wedded fere. Also in phrases, to give, have, marry , take, wed to one's fere. c 1175 Lamb, Horn. 93 Me buried heo [Sapphira] mid hire fere, a 1300 Cursor M. 26692 Adam..and eue his fere. ci 330 Arth. # Merl. 481 Fortiger for loue fin Hir tok to fere and to wiue. ?frx4oo Chester PI. (Shaks. Soc.) 208 With another then her feare We founde her doe amisse. C1430 Hymjis Virg. (1867) 105 pou shalt not desire pi nei3- boris feere. f 1450 Lonelich Grail lv. 212 To 5owre owne brothir .. My dowhter I schal 3even to his fere, c 1550 Ada?n Bell in Ritson A?ic. Pop. P. (1791) 6 Two of them were single men, The third had a wedded fere, c 1611 Chapman Iliad xvm. 339 The nuptial fere Of famous Vulcan. 1612 Tzvo Noble Kinsmen v. ii, This anatomy Had by this young fair pheer a boy. a X765 Sir Cazulire ii. in Child Ballads (1885) in. lxi. 58/1 Knights and lordes they woed her both, Trusted to haue beene her feere. 1798 Coleridge Anc . Mar. iii, Are these two all .. That woman and her fleshless Pheere? 1871 B. Taylor Faust (1875) II. 111. i. 187 Paris. .Took thee, the widow, as his fere. b. Of animals: Mate. a 1547 Surrey in TottelFs Misc. (Arb.) 218 Eche beast can chose hys fere according to his minde. 1589 Grf.ene PoemSy Melicertns ' Madrigal i, No turtle without fere. 1591 Sylvester Du Bartas 1. v. (1605) 152 If the Fisher haue surpriz’d her [the Mullet’s] Pheere..She followeth. X603 Drayton Odes iii. 33 Each little Bird .. Doth chuse her loved Pheere. 3 . An equal, a. Of a person : Peer; also in phrase, 7 uithout [peer or) fere. b. Of a thing: in phrase, fere for fe 7 ‘e (Sc.), every way equal. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. A. 1149 Among her ferez pat watz so quyt ! c 1340 Cursor M. 5144 (Trin.) Ar pei no kny^tis ny kny^tis fere. X548 Hall Chron. 181 b, Thynkyng hym- self a kyng, without either peere or fere. 15 .. Knt. of Curtesy 460 A, noble Knight, withouten fere ! 1636 James Iter Lane. (1845)4 Fairies..of their feres good housewife praises winne. 1768 Ross IleleJiorc 1. 11 For joining hands the just were feer for feer. f Fere, sbA Obs. Forms: a. 3 fer, 3-7 fere, (4 south, vere), 5 Se. feir, 4-7 feare. [aphetic f. OE. gefer neut. ( :—*gifbrjo[m ), f. as prec.] 1 . Companionship; chiefly cotter . a body of companions, company, party. a 1300 Cursor M. 20419 (Cott.) Lokes. .pat na man of our fer bi-fore his mak latli chere. £1325 Ibid. 24947 (Edin.) Wit al pair farnet and pair fer J?ai com to land, c 1340 Ibid. 23208 (Trin.) Crist let vs neuer be in pat fere, c 1400 Dcstr. Troy 1132 With all the fere pat hym folowes. 2 . In phrase In fere, i fere (often written as one word, and spelt y-) : in company, together; in common. A l in fere \ all together, altogether. c 1205 Lay. 27435 Twein kinges pere aeuere weoren ifere. a 1300 Signa ante Jud. 117 in E. E. P. (1862) 11 Al pe see sal draw ifere. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus 11. 1217 She lykyd al infere, His persone, his aray, his loke, his chere. c 1400 Sozvdone Bab. 119 Shippes shene, vij hundred were gadered FERE. 161 FERINE al in fere. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. iv. 9 Gogmagog and corin undertake for to wrastlyn y fere. 1513 Douglas /Ends x. v. 15 All sammyn swam thai, hand in hand yfeir. 1563 Mirr. Mag., Induct, lxxiv, Sighes and teares, sobs, shrykes, and all y fere. 1613 W. Brown*: She pit. Pipe Wks. 1772 III. 11 All th'eritage which ..he me left, all in feere Leave I thee. 1748 Thomson Cast. Indot . 11. xxxv. Much they moraliz’d as thus yfere they yode. *[I b. G. Douglas uses the pi. form in rime-words. 1513 Douglas /Ends 1. Pref. 251 All inferis. Ibid. 11. viii. 90 All infeiris. Ibid. x. vii. 628 All yferis. t Fere, sb .3 Obs. fa. O N.frri neut. of OTeut. *fSrjo- Fere a.] Ability, power; health. C1200 Ormin 1251 A33 affterr )>ine fere, c 1340 Cursor M. 3829 (Fairf.) He was in gode fere, hale and sounde. + Fere, u. Obs. (after 15th c. only Sc.) Forms : 2-9 fere, 3-5 fer, (3 feore, 4 feere). Sc. 4-6 feir, 8-9 fier, (9 fear), [a. ON. feerr (or possibly repr. OE. *fere) = OFris. fere OTeut. type *forjo-, f. *ford (OE. for, ME. Fore sb.) going, way, f. faran Fare z/. 1 ] Able to go, in health ; hence gen. able, strong ; sound, i whole*. Also in phrase whole and fere. ci 175 Lamb. Horn. 25 Hal and fere and strong and stelewurSe. c 1205 Lay. 17618 }if ich mai beon feore, ich he cumen after sone. a 1300 Cursor M. 3829 (Cott.) He es bath hail and fere. 1375 Barbour Bruce vi. 315 Thai thar lord fand haill and feir. a 1400-50 A lexandcr 4282 As fresche & as fere a[s] fisch quen he plays, c 1440 Bone Flor. 2006 The holy nonne. .makyth the syke thus fere. 1536 Bellf.n- den Cron. Scot. (1821) I. p. li, Thay come haill and feir in thair bodyis to extreme age. 1784 Burns Ep. to Davie ii, We're fit to win our daily bread, As lang’s we’re hale and fier. 1806 A. Douglas Poems 22 There’s Jenny, comely, fier, an tight. 1816 Scott Antiq. xxvii, ‘ I trust to find ye baith haill and fere/ absol. a 1300 Cursor M. 20119 (Cott.) To fere and seke ai did scho bote. + Fere, vi Obs. Forms: Inf 1-2 feran (1 A'orthumb. fceran'i, 2 feren, (fearen'), 3 fseren, south, veeren. Pa. t. 1 fer(e)de, 2-5 ferd(e, 4 south, verde, (2 feorde, foerde, 3 faerde), 3-5 farde, 3-4 furde. [OYL. flran wk. vb., corresp. to OFris. fir a, OS. firian (Du. voeren) to carry, OHG. fuoren (MHG. viieren, mod.G. fiihren to lead), ON. ftxra (Svv. fora, Da. fore) to bring OTeut. *fSrjan, f. *fora (OE. for. Fore sb. way), f. ablaut-root of faran, Fare tjJ The OE. verb, unlike all the equivalent forms in other Teut. langs., was intransitive, having the sense ‘ to take a journey, march, travel’. The difference in meaning between faran and feran even in OE. is hardly perceptible, and in ME. it wholly vanishes, fare being more and more restricted to the present-stem and fere to the pa. t. and pa. pple. See the remarks s. v. Fare z/. 1 ] 1 . intr. To travel, journey, go; =Fare v . 1 i, 2. Beowulf?, 01 Gewiton him pa feran. C950 Lindisf. Gosp. John iv. 3 Forleort iudeam & foerde eftersona in Saer maegS. £1175 Lamb. Horn. 3 Redliche heo eou leted fere per-mid. c 1205 Lay. 4471 His cnihtes mid him seoluen to pare sae fairden. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 5 Ah Constentin ferde .. into Fronc londe. a 1300 Cursor M. 3958 (Cott.) Ful wrathli gains him he ferd. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 124 per schip ferd on the flode. a 1400-50 Alexander 5549 Sum ferd all on foure feete. C1420 Sir Amadace (Camden) xxxvii, Thro the forest as he ferd. 2 . To proceed, go on, behave; =Fare vd- 4 ; to deal with. 1154 O. E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1132 pa wiste pe king ° to Areste with hys feryall Mase. B. sb. A week day not a feast or festival. *877 J* D. Chambers Divine Worship 84 Sundays as well as Fenals differed in Order, Dignity, and Precedence. Feriate (fla'rii^t), a. and sb. Se. [ad. 'L.feridt- tis, pa. pple. of feridri (see Ferie v.), f. feria.'] A. adj. Of or belonging to a (legal) vacation. C1450 Henryson Tale of Dog 54 The tyme is feriate, Quhairfoir no Juge suld sit in Consistorie. 1637 Acts Sed. 29 July, Comprending herein all vacant and feriat tymes. 1825 Ld. Cockburn Mc/n. ii. 134 He groaned over the gradual disappearance of the Feriat days of periodical festivity. B. sb. Vacation, holiday. 1727 Ra/tff Burgh Rec. in Cramond A7171. Ba/ijf (1843) II. 182 The Council allow the Grammer schollars feriot and waccancie from the date hereof to the 20th Janry. + Feria tioil. Obs. [n. of action f. L iferidri 1 see prec.] Holiday keeping ; cessation of work. 1612-15 Bp. Hall Conte/npl., N. T. iv. xi, Here was not a mere feriatioil but a feasting. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Fp. iv. xiii. 222 As though there were any feriation in nature. 1822 Mrs. E. Nathan III. 291 [A pedantic speaker says :] No act of feriation marks the cheerful corn-field. Ferid, -it, obs. forms of Feared ppl. a. || Feridgi (feri-d^z*). Also 8 ferigee, ferijee. [Turk. ferajt, vulgarly fere jit.] (See quots.) 1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 1 Apr. (1825) 153 Their shapes are also wholly concealed, by a thing they call a ferigee. 1743 R. Pococke Descr. East. I. iv. v. 189 The dress of ceremony of the Turks, call’d the Ferijee, made like a night-gown. 1883 E. O’Donovan Merv\ i, A mantle of calico which shrouds her from head to heel, and is here styled the feridgi. + Fe *rie, sb. Obs. [a. 0 ¥. ferie, ad. L .feria.] 1 . A festival, holiday. Also attrib. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xiii. 415 Vch day is haliday with hym or an heigh ferye. 14. . Circumcisio 7 i in T-undale’s Vis. (1843) 85 Thys hee ferye That called is the circun- sision. 1538 Bale Thre Lawes 821 Sondayes & other feryes. 1548 W. Thomas Ital. Gram. (1567), Feria, the ferrie daies noted and obserued by the cleargie. 1616 Bul- lokar, Ferie, a holiday. 2 . = Feria. c 1380 Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 57 How }>e Sabot shulde be turnide fro Satirdaie to k e fi rst ferie. 1387 Trevisa IIigdc 7 i (Rolls) VII. 81 pe next fery after the feste of All Ilalwes. C1420 Chron. Vilod. 151 pe secunde fiery \> l pay be gon to wyrehe. 1563 Grafton Chro 7 i. II. 61 Because it was Sunday, nothing was doone. So the day after,, which was the second fery, the archebishop [Becket] was cited to apere. 1588 A. King tr. Canisius’ Catech. 109 Euerie fourt ferie (called wenesday). + Fe*rie, V. Obs. Also 6 fery. [ad. L. feridri \ i. feria holiday.] intr. To keep holiday. 1496 Dives Sf Paup. (W. de W.) 111. ii. 136/2 Euery daye we be bounde to ferie & to rest from synne. 1548 Hooper Ten Comma 7 id)/i. 115 To abuse the sabbothe .. is as mouche as to fery unto god, and work to the deuill. + Fe’rient, a. Obs.~° [ad. 1 .. ferient-cm, pr. pple. of ferlre to strike.] ‘ Striking, hitting, or knocking’ (Blount Glossogr. 1656-81). Feriler, var. form of Ferular. t Ferine, sb. Sc. Obs. rare~ x . [ad. Fr. farine Farina.] Meal. 1538 Aberd. Reg. V. 16 (Jam.) Sewin bollis ferine. FERINE. FERMAIL. 162 Ferine (Herein), a. and sb. [ad. L. ferin-us, f. fcra wild beast. Cf. Ft. fibrin (sense 3).] A. adj. 1 . Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, a wild animal, or wild animals. 1678 Cudworth hit ell. Syst. 865 Transmigration of Humane Souls there into Ferine Bodies. 1708 Mottf.ux Rabelais { 1737) V. 230 Some in ferine Venation take Delight. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones v. xi, That gentle daliance, which .. passes between lovers of the ferine kind. 1871 Blackie Four Phases i. 16 Dogs and cocks .. and other ferine com¬ batants. b. Wild, untamed. 1677 Hale Prim. Orig. Man. u. vii. 202 The only difficulty .. is touching those ferine .. and untamable Beasts. 1713 Derham Phys. Theol. iv. x. 178 Such as are of a Ferine, not a Domestick Nature. 1728 Morgan Algiers I. Pref. 6 Instinct, .like that of the ferine Animals. 2 . Of human beings, their actions and attributes : Bestial, beast-like. 1640 Bp. Reynolds Passions xvi. 165 Brutish and un- naturall Desires, which the Philosopher calleth ferine. 1678 Norris Coll. Alisc. (1699) 305 A man to .. suffer the ferine and brutish part to get the Ascendant over that which is Rational and Divine. 1786 tr. Swedenborg’s Chr. Relig. § 588 A man. .from his inherent ferine nature would plunder and massacre. 1822 Southey in Q. Rev. XXVI. 294 It was necessary to become as ferine as themselves. absol. 1846 L andor I mag. Conv. II. 218 There are certain colours also of the mind lively enough to excite choler at a distance in the silly and ferine. 3 . Of a disease : Malignant, rare. 1666 G. Harvey Morb. Angl. x. 103 Thus a ferin Catarrh happens, which through it’s corrosive quality oft Ulcerates the Lungs. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. B. sb. A wild beast. In mod. Diets. Hence Pe*rinely adv ., Fe’rineness. 1677 Hale Prim. Orig. Man. 11. vii. 197 A conversation with those .. would easily assimilate .. the next Generation to Barbarism and Ferineness. 1847 Craig, Ferinely . t Fe*ring(e, adv. Obs. [O Is. fkringa,fJerunga ( = OS .fdrungo, OH G.fdringa), f. fkr\ see Fear jA] Suddenly. After 12th c. only with genitival s, used quasi-tf^y. in feringes dede, sudden death. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke ii. 13 And pa waes faeringa [cn6o Hatton Gosp. Luke ii. 13 faeringe] fteworden mid pam engle mycelnes heofonlices werydes. is 3ere falle hijn pe ferynges dede. Hence + Pe ringly adv., suddenly. a 1300 E. E. Psalter lxiiifi]. 4 Ferinkli schote him sal pai Bwa. Ibid, lxxiifi]. 19 Ferinkli .. Waned pai. Feringh.ee (ferrijgf). Forms : 6 flringi, 7 fringe, frangee, 8 fe-, firingy, 9 faringee, ferenghi, feringhee. [An oriental adoption of Frank, with Arab, ethnic suffix -i ; in Arab. faranji, in Pers. farangl.] Formerly, the ordinary Indian term for a Euro¬ pean ; now applied chiefly to the Indian-born Por¬ tuguese, and contemptuously to other Europeans. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 171 A Christian. Frangee. 1638 W. Bruton in Hakluyt's J'oy. (1807) V. 52 The Portu- gals which they call by the name of Fringes. 1755 Hol- well in J. Lon g Select. Rec. Govt . (1869) 59 (Yule) By Feringy I mean all the black mustee Portugese Christians residing in the settlement. 1774 Bogle in Markham Tibet (1876) 176 Everybody was afraid of the Fringies. 7:1813 Mrs. Sher¬ wood Ayah «$• Lady Gloss., Feringhees % Franks. A name given generally to Europeans in India, and to the descend¬ ants of the Portuguese, who first settled in India: these are called Black Feringhees, being remarkably dark. 1834 Caunter Orient. A fin. v. 60 The unhallowed feet of faringees or Christians. 1866 A. Lyall Old Pitidaree iii, in Verses written in India (1889) 2 There goes my lord the Feringhee, who talks so civil and bland. Ferio (fe*ri|fl). Logic. A mnemonic word de¬ signating the fourth mood of the first figure of syllogisms (see quot. 1551). 1551 T. Wilson Logike G vij b, In Ferio, the first must be a negatiue vniuersall, the second an affirmatiue particular, the third a negatiue particular. 1589 Pappe w. Hatchet (1844) 38 They bee all in celarent, and dare not shewe their heads, for wee will answere them in ferio and cut their combes. 1702 Farquhar Inconstant 11. i. Wks. (1892) I. 351 Nursed up with Barbara, Celarunt, Darii, Ferio, Baralipton. 1864 Bowen Logic vii. 199 These [Moods] are named Bar¬ bara, Celarent, Darii, and Ferio. Ferison (ferars^n). Logic. Also 6 pheryson. A mnemonic word representing the sixth mood of the third figure of syllogisms (quantitatively similar to Ferio, but differing in the position of the middle term). 1509 Barclay ShyPpe of Folys{ 1874) 1 .144 Another comyth in with bocardo and pheryson. 1741 Chambers Cycl. s. v. Moody Ferison. 1864 Bowen Logic vii. 200. Ferity (fe-riti). Also (6 feritee), 7 feritie. [ad. L. feritat-em, f. fems wild ; see -ity.] 1 . The quality or state of being wild or savage; brutishness, wildness ; hence, ferocity. 7*1534 tr - Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) I. 109 The rude raginge of the frenetick Scotts. .encresed with more beastlie feritee. 1682 Sprat Serm. bef. Artillery Co. 15 Is it not brutish Ferity rather than manly boldness. 1774 J. Bryant Mythol. II. 363 The lion ramped : the paid sported .. none of them betrayed any ferity. 1883 J. Burroughs in Century Mag. XXVII. in Even in rugged Scotland, nature is., a good way short of the ferity of the moose. b. Of a plant, etc. : Wildness, uncultivated condition. 1664 Evelyn Sylva (1776) 648 The Suckers, .forgetting the Ferity of their Nature. 1713 Derham Phys. Theol. 11. vi. 55 So many Plants .. are very noxious ; some by their Ferity, and others by their poisonous Nature. 2 . Savage or barbarous condition ; f a form or instance of this. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vii. xix. 384 Though the blindnesse of some ferities have savaged on the dead .. yet had they therein no designe upon the soule. 1652-62 Heylin Cosmogr. 11. (1682) 204 The Ferity and barbarous condition of the first Inhabitants. 1705 Stanhope Paraphr. I. 415 The ancient Rudeness and Ferity of our Country. 1848 Herbert in Todd’s Nennius p. xeix, A population of the extremest ferity. 13 . Barbarity, barbarous or savage cruelty or inhumanity. Obs. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World v. ii. § 2. 584 The true nature of tyranny, .is none other than Ferity. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriot, iii. 45 To burn the bones of the King of Edom for Lyme, seems no irrationall ferity. 1718 Prideaux Cottnec- tion 11. 1. 19 Fearing the brutal ferity of his Son. Berk, var. of Firk sb. and v. + Ferlac. Obs. Also 3 farlac, fearlac. [f. Fear sb.: see -lock.] Fear, terror. a 1225 After. R. 306 Kume uor 5 per efter ferlac, puruh pe demares heste. a 1225 St. Marher. 16 Swuch farlac ich fele. 7*1320 Cast. Love 672 In pe mere he stont bi-twene two, Ne hap he ferlak for no fo. Ferle, obs. var. of Ferule. 1559 Mirr. Mag ., Mortimer ix, The one of knighthoode bare the ferle. t Fe*rliful, a. Sc. and north. dial. Obs. [f. Ferly .t/>. + -ful.] Fearful, wonderful. a 1300 Cursor M. 9314 (Cott.) Man sal him clep wit nams sere, ‘Ferliful’ and ‘conseiler’. 1375 Barbour Bruce xii. 453 The mast ferlifull sycht That euir I saw. c 1475 Rauf Coil^ear 2 Thair fell ane ferlyfull flan within thay fellis wide. quasi-TKiV'. 1508 Dunbar Tua Mariit Wcttteti 26 Off ferli- ful fyne favour war thair faceis meik. Hence FeTlifully adv., fearfully, wonderfully. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vm. xxxiv. 63 Swa deyd pat knycht ferlyfully. + Fe rlily, adv. Obs. [f. as prec. + -ly 2 .] Wonderfully, extraordinarily. a 1300 Cursor M. 11424 (Cott.) pe stern went forth-wit pat J>am ledd, And ferlilic pan war pai fedd. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. B. 962 For when pat )>e helle herde pe houndez of heuen He watz ferlyly fayn. t Ferling. Obs. exc. Hist. [OF.ftbortSling, f. ftoi-tS-a Fooiith + -ling.] = Farthing. 1 . As a coin : The fourth part of a penny. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xxi. 2 pa ^eseah he sume earme wydewan bringan twegen feorS-lingas. a 1300 Agst. King of A If 11 aigfie 10 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 69 Richard, .spende al is tresour opon swyvyng; Haveth he nout of Walingford o ferlyng. 1605 Camden Rem. (1636) 125 Two Easterlings & one ferling. 1707 Fleetwood Citron. Prec. (1745) 40 Ferling. .is a Farthing or the 4th Part of a Sterling. 2 . (See quot.) 1610 Holland Camden's Brit. 1. 497 There were in this Borrough foure Ferlings, that is quarters or wards. 3 . The fourth part a. of an acre ; b. of a hide. 1695 Kennett Par. Antiq. Gloss, s. v. FurendelluSy A fardingel, farundel or ferling of land, i. e. the fourth part of an acre. 1846 G. Oliver Monast. Exon. 321 note, The ferling was, perhaps, thirty acres. t Ferlins. 1714 Fr. Bk. of Rates 69 Fcrlins-Stuffs. Ferlot, var. of F’irlot. Ferly (fs’ili), a. and sb. Forms: 1 feerlic, 3 fae(i)rlich, feorlic(h, 4 -lych, south, veorlich, 3-4 ferlic(h, -lik(e, -lych, 3-5 ferli, (4 feerli, furley, 6 ferrely, S ferley), 3 farli(k, 3-9 farley, -ly, 5-6 fear(e)ly, 3 ferly. [OE. fxrlic sudden, f. per (see P ear) + -lie, -lyU Cf. MDu. verlich (Du . gevaarlijk), MIIG. vatrlich (Ger. gefahrlic/i), ON .fdrligr (Dan., S m.farlig) dangerous.] + A. adj. Obs. 1 . Sudden, unexpected. c 893 K. ^Elfred Oros. iv. v. § i, & him paer becom swa fcerlic yfel pact [etc.], c 1000 jEi.fric Gloss, in Wr.-Wiilcker 175 I tuber , faerlic ren. 7*1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 61 Gif lie purh ferliche de 5 saule fro pe lichame deleS. c 1275 Long Life 15 in O. E. Misc. (1872) 157 Fox and ferlych is his [depes] wrench, a 1300 Cursor M. 3984 (Cott.) pat ferli flode. 1382 Wyclif Prov. i. 27 Whan shal falle feerli [ repentina\ wrecchidnesse. 2 . Dreadful, frightful, terrible. 7*1205 Lay. 25553 Feorlic wes pat sweouen, pene king hit auerde. a 1225 St. Marher. 23 Ich iseh hwer ha faht wiS pe feorliche feont. c 1330 R. Brunne Chrott. (1810) 305 To se it was ferlike. 1460 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 252 Furres of ferly bestes. a 1577 Gascoigne Wks. (1587) 164 A fearly chaunce: whereon alone to thinke My hande now quakis. 3 . Strange, wonderful, wondrous, marvellous. a 1225 After. R. 112 pet nes non veorlich wunder. a 1300 Cursor M. 10863 (Cott.) He sal be of ful farli fame, c 1386 Chaucer Reeve's T. 253 Wha herkned ever swilk a ferly thing? t* 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4274 pus fell pis ferly thing. 1549-62 Sternhold & H. Audi Israel , Attend, my people, and give eare, Of fearely things I will thee tell. a 1650 Eger <$• Grine 974 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 384 His steed was of a furley kinde. b. Wonderfully great. a 1300 Cursor M. 12080 (Gott.) A maister was par selcuth kene, At iesu was him ferli tene. a 1400-50 A lexander 5577 Ferly ferd of his folke was in pe fild strangild. B. sb. Obs . exc. Sc. and dial. 1 . Something wonderful, a marvel, wonder. No ferly : no wonder. What ferly : what wonder. c 1205 Lay. 5381 Heom puhte muchel ferlich. a 1300 Cursor M. 11 (Gott.) Of ferlijs pat his knightes fell. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 2955 If he pan haf drede, it es na ferly. 7:135° Will. Palerne 3280 Moche folk him folwed pat ferli to bi-hold, c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 1023 Here a ferly pat befell. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 271 As for farleis richt few thairin he saw. <11605 Montgomerie Devotional Poems vi. 45 Vhat ferly, freind, thoght thou be fleyd To go befor so grit a Iudge. 1646 G. Daniel Poems Wks. 1878 I. 57 To let the world know of some Death Or novel ffarley. 7:1720 Beiuick < 5 * Graham xxvi. in Child Ballads vii. ccxi. 147/1 To see what farleys he coud see. 1780 J. Mayne Siller Gun 1. (1808) 117 The ferly is.. They walk’d sae sicker ! 1785 Burns To J. Smith 164 Nae ferly tho’ ye do despise The hairum-scairum, ramstam boys. 1790 Mrs. Wheeler Westmld. Dial. (1821) 98 What saw yee else; onny new farly? 1868 G. Macdonald R. Falconer I. 12 ‘ I’m no sic ferlie that onybody needs be frichtit at me.’ 2 . Wonder, astonishment. a 1300 Floriz $ Bl. 456 po nuste Floriz what to rede For pe ferlich pat he hadde. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. A. 1085, I stod as stylle as dased quayle, For ferly of pat freuch [ printed french] figure. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xii. 228 Litel ferly ich haue. c 1475 Rauf Coil^ear 903 Now haue I ferlie, gif I fauour the ocht. + Fe’rly, adv. Obs. Forms: 1 fserlfoe,ferlice, 2-4 fer-, feerliche, (3 feer-, ferlike), 3-4 south. veor-, verliche, -lych, 3-6 far-, ferli(e, -ly, 4 feerlich, -li, -ly, (5 fair lie), 3- ferly. [OE. f&rlice : see Ferly a. and -ly ^.] 1 . Suddenly, unexpectedly. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke ix. 39, & he faerlice hrymcy toke, per loues to ferme Two sones had pey at o terme. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. x. 74 pat folke is nou3te fermed in pe feitn. 7-1380 Sir Fcrumb. 2113 pay .. cussede i-same an haste, To fermye loue by-twene hem. 1513 Douglas sEttcis x. v. 174 Or thai thar fute steppis ferm and tak array. 2 . To shut up, blockade. 1513 Douglas rEncis x. v. 181 He suld nocht from the sege vprais, Bot still remane to ferm and clos the toun. *655 J- Jf.nnings tr. Elise 2 As a Neptune ferming the winds of sedition in their gale. 3 . = Affirms. a 1455 Holland Houlate xii, Thus in defence of the faith as fermes ynewe. .The douchty Douglas is dede. Fermacy, obs. form of Pharmacy. Fermage, Fera v e, etc., var. of Farmage, Farm, etc. Fermail (fo'-im^l). Antiq. and Her. Also 5 fermayllfe, 6 fermaulx, 7 fermaile, -ale, -ault. [a. OF. fermaille a clasp med.L. firmaculum, f. firmare to fix.] A buckle or clasp ; a setting. 1480 Caxton Ovid’s Met. x. iv, A fermayll of gemes plesaunt. 1483 — G. de la Tour M iij, To wynne suche ouches or fermaylles. 1572 Bossf.well Artnorie 11. 38b, One fermaulx lozengie. 1610 Guillim Heraldry iv. xv. FERMANCE. 163 FERMENTESCIBLE ,1660) 344 He beareth .. on a chief .. as many fermailes or buckles. 1688 R. Holme Armoury hi. 304/2 Buckles are called Fermales or Fermaults. 1865 Athenaeum No. 1954. 494/2 A Charact Fermail of the fourteenth century. 1877 Ll. Jewitt IIa If-hr s. Eng. Antiq. 126 A circular object., intended for a mirror, or for a circular brooch or fermail. Fermance, var. of Fikmance. t Ferme. Cant. Obs. A hole. 1620 Dekker Villanics Discovered xvii. P ij, A short staffe . .having in the Nab or head of it, a Ferme (that is to say a hole). 1688 R. Holme Armory 111. iii. 168 Ferme, Hole, Cave, or hiding place. 1725 in New Cant. Diet. Ferment, var. of Ferrament, Obs. Ferment (f^Mment), sb. Also 6 fermenfce, 7 firment. [a. Fr. ferment, ad. L . fermentum > f. root of ferv-ere to boil.] 1 . orig. Leaven or yeast. Hence gen. an agent which causes fermentation (see Fermentation i). Modern chemists recognize two classes of ferments: organ¬ ized ferments, which are living vegetable organisms, as the yeast plant and other microscopic fungi; and unorganized or chemical ferments, which are certain compounds of or¬ ganic origin, as diastase, pepsin, etc. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. xi. 524 Use this ferment For musty brede. 1683 Robinson in Ray's Corr. (1848) 138 The venom ..may chiefly consist in a subtle acid ferment. 1774 J. Bryant Mythol. II. 59 He taught the nations the use of ferment. 1807 Med. frill. XVII. 198 Hence he concludes, that albumen .. is the true ferment. 1871 Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (1879) I. v. 138 Pasteur, .proved the real ‘ ferments 1 .. to be organised beings. fig. 1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. i. § 267 The .. fer¬ ment of all .. Religious actions, is Wisedome. 1690 Locke Go7>t. n. xix. (Rtldg.) 224 r 11 iis hypothesis lays a ferment for frequent rebellion. 1722 Wollaston Relig. Nat. ix. 173 Gentle ferments working in our breasts. 1877 Tyndall in Daily News 2 Oct. 2/5 A ferment long confined to in¬ dividuals, but which may. .become the leaven of the race. + b. spec, in Alchemy (cf. Fermentation i b); sometimes applied to the i philosopher’s stone \ Also in cosmological speculations (see quot. 1677). 1471 Ripley Comp. Alch. ix. in Ashm. (1652) 175 Ferment whych Leven we call. 1610 B. Jonson Alch. 11. ii, The red ferment Has done his office. 1677 Phil. Trans. XII. 884 My Ferments he means the aforesaid Principles, (or Seminal sparks hidden in matter) actually put into motion, and by the variety of that motion producing the variety of bodies. 1677 Hale Prim. Orig. Man. 11. vii. 193 Those Shells arise de no-z’o, not barely from the Plastick power of the Earth., but from certain Seminal Ferments brought thither. 2 . = Fermentation i. 1605 Timme Quersit. 1. vii. 28 The more strong the wine shal be, the more sharpe the ferment of the vineger. 1695 Blackmore Pr. Arth. 11. 75 He through the Mass a mighty Ferment spread. 1707 Floyer Physic. Pulse-Watch 208 Abating the Ferment and Quantity of Humours. 1725 Bradley Fam. Diet. s.v. Quinquina , Stopping the Ferment of Intermitting Fevers. 1744 Berkeley Siris § iii The first ferment of new wine. 3 . fig. Agitation, excitement, tumult; = Fer¬ mentation 2. 1672 Marvell Reh. Transp. 1. 33 The Ecclesiastical Rigours here were in the highest ferment. 1681 Dryden Ads. <5* A chit. 140 Several Factions from this first Ferment, Work up to Foam, and threat the Government. 1781 Gibbon Dccl. <§• F. xxx. III. 88 The minister, .attempted to allay the general ferment. 1829 I. Taylor Enthus. ix. 240 A ferment of sinister feelings. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 20 The foreign embassies were all in a ferment. Ferment (faimemt), v. [a. F. fermenter , ad. L . fermentdre, f. fermentum leaven : see prec. sb.] 1 . intr. Of material substances (in early use primarily of dough or saccharine fluids): To undergo the action of a ferment; to suffer fermenta¬ tion ; to ‘ work \ (The precise meaning has varied with that of the sbs. Ferment, Fermentation.) 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvii. lxviii. (1495) 644 Soure dough hyghte fermentum, for it makyth paast ferment and maketh it also aryse [excresccre et fervere facit pastam], 1663 Cowley Verses , To Royal Society iv, All their juyee did .. Ferment into a .. refreshing Wine. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 190 Flies swarming, about any piece of flesh that does begin a little to ferment. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 436 The tainted Blood. .Begins to boyl, and thro’ the Bones ferment. 1707 Curios, in Hush. <5- Card. 66 These mineral Substances.. ferment, rise up in Vapours and Steams. 1791 Beddoes in Phil. Trans. LXXXI. 174 As it approaches more and more towards nature [malleable iron] it adheres less; and when the tools come clear up out of the mass, he judges it to be fermented enough [cf. Fermentation 1 d]. 1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. (1814) 6 Dung which has fer¬ mented. 1838 T.Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 370 The blue precipitate, .is removed into a copper boiler till it assumes the appearance of effervescing, or till it ferments. 1842 A. Combe Physiol. Digestion (ed. 4) 290 We allow bread to ferment. b. fig. 1671 Milton Samson 619 My griefs .. ferment and rage. 1771 Johnson Lett, to Mrs. Thrale 3 July, These reflections fermented in my mind. 1781 Gibbon Dccl. >\F. III. lx vii. 686 Fanaticism fermented in anarchy. 1856 Froude Hist. Eng. (1885) I. i. 65 The northern counties were fermenting in a half-suppressed rebellion. 1879 O. W. Holmes Motley ii. 10 His mind was doubtless fermenting with projects. 2 . trans. To subject to fermentation; to cause fermentation in. 1672-3 Grew Anal. Roots 11. § 18 (1682) 83 The Sap .. is .. fermented therein. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sc. <$• Art II. 502 Liquors are fermented for the use of the table. 1830 M. Donovan Dorn. Econ. I. 373 The yest, made use of in the process of fermenting the dough, 1834 Brit. Hush. I. 272 There was as much moisture as was necessary to ferment tne straw. fig. 1759 R. Hurd Dial. i. Sincerity in Commerce 29 Fanaticism .. fermented with the leaven of earthly avarice. 1791-1823 D’Israeli Cur. Lit. (1866) 459/1 His vast., curiosity fermenting his immense book-knowledge. 3. transf and fig. To work up into a ferment or agitation ; to excite, stir up. 1667 Decay Chr. Piety ix. § 5 When bitter zeal was once fermented. 1704 Pope Windsor For. 93 Ye vig’rous swains, while youth ferments your blood. 1712 Blackmore Crea¬ tion, Fierce winds ..with their furious breath ferment the deep. 1837 Dickens Pickw. x, Ladies who are endeavouring to ferment themselves into hysterics. 1852 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Madonna Introd. (1857) 25 A mere contemplative enthusiasm .. fermented into life and form. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Religion Wks. (Bohn) II. 96 The Christianity which fermented Europe. b. To exacerbate; to foment, inflame. 1660 in Picton LfoolMunic. Rec. (1883) I. 306 Findinge.. the same disputes .. fermented .. against the merchants. a 1704 T. Brown Eng. Satire Wks. 1730 I. 28 He fermented the passions of the vicious. 1764 Foote Mayor of G. 11. Wks. 1769 I. 186 To. .ferment a difference between husband and wife. 1868 Times 21 Jan., To shew him fermenting the Garibaldian movements. Fermentable (foime'ntab’l), a. [f. P'erment V. + -ABLE.] 1. Capable of being fermented. 1731-7 Miller Gard. Diet. s. v. Wine, Fermentable Bodies. 1795 Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 271 This fermentable sap por¬ tends the dry-rot. 1850 Daubeny Atom. Th. x. (ed. 2) 347 The cells which contain the saccharine and other fermentable matters. 1869 E. A. Parkes Tract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 96 Organic fermentable liquids change very slowly. fig. 1732 Hist. Litteraria IV. 22 He proceeds to range fermentable Subjects into Classes. 1840 Mill Ess. 1.1859) II. 408 The .. fermentable elements of French society. 2. Capable of causing fermentation, rare. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Tract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 133 The fermented liquor must be separated as much as possible from the yeast or fermentable matter. Hence Fe rmentafoi lity, the quality of being fermentable. 1788 Projects in Ann. Reg. 85 Newman, .was unwilling to admit of the fermentability of milk. t Fermentaceous, a. Obs. [f. Ferment sb. + -aceous.] Flaving the properties of a ferment. 1662 J. Chandler Van HelmonPs Oriat. 140 Fermenta¬ ceous Odour dwells every where. 1682 T. Gibson Anat. (1697) 41 Hunger is caused from fermentaceous particles. t Ferme*ntal, a. Obs. [f. Ferment sb. + -al.] Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of, a ferment or fermentation. 1650 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 11. vii. 783 Cucumbers .. may also debiliate the .. fermentall faculty of the stomack. 1676 Newton in Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men (1841) II. 389 The frame of nature may be nothing but ether condensed by a fer- mental principle. 1694 Westmacott Script. Herb. (16^5) 152 Intense cold.. prevents their Fruit-bearing by suspending the fermental action of the Principles. Fermentarian (faimente®'rian). Eccl. Hist. [f. L. fermentari-us (f. fermentum : see Ferment sb.) + -an.] A name applied in reproach by Latin Christians to those of the Greek church, as using fermented bread in the Eucharist. 177s in Ash. + Fermenta - rious, a. Obs.- 0 ff. L. fer¬ mentari-us (f. fermentum : see Ferment sb.) + -OUR.] Made of leaven ; belonging to fermentation. 1656-81 in Blount Glossogr. 1775 in Ash. + Fermentate, v. Obs. [f. L. fermentdt- ppl. stem of fennentdre, to ferment.] trans. To cause to ferment; to leaven. 1599 A. M. tr. GabelhouePsBk. Physicke 208/2, Rye meale to be fermentatede with sower leaven. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 218 A certaine paste should ..bee fermentated .. into the form of a man. 1657 Tomlinson Renous Disp. 105 The conditure is excellently fermentated. fig. a 1670 Hacket A bp. Williams 11. 179 The largest part of the Lords were fermentated with an Anti-episcopal Sourness. absol. 1656 Ben Israel Vind. Jud. in Phenix (1708) II. 394 Every confection ought to be so pure as not to admit of . .any thing that may fermentate. Hence FeTmentated ppl.a. 1656-81 in Blount Glossogr. 1676-1717 in Coles, i860 in Worcester (citing Bacon). Fermentation (faimenteijbn). [ad. L. fer- mentdtidn-em, n. of action f. ferment-dre to Fer¬ ment.] The action or process of fermenting. 1. A process of the nature of that resulting from the operation of leaven on dough or on saccharine liquids. The features superficially recognizable in the process in these instances are an effervescence or internal commotion, with evolution of heat, in the substance operated on, and a resulting alteration of its properties. Before the rise of modern chemistry, the term was applied to all chemical changes exhibiting these characters ; in Alchemy, it was the name of an internal change supposed to be produced in metals by a ‘ferment’, operating after the manner of leaven. In modern science the name is restricted to a definite class of chemical changes peculiar to organic compounds, and produced in them by the stimulus ofa‘ferment’(see Ferment sb. 1); the various kinds of fermentation are distinguished by qualifying adjs., as acetous, alcoholic, butyric, lactic. Putrefactive, etc. (see those words). In popular language the term is no longer applied to other kinds of change than those which it denotes in scientific use, but it usually con¬ veys the notion of a sensible effervescence or ‘working’, which is not involved in the chemical sense. a. in applications covered by the modern scien¬ tific sense. 1601 Holland Pliny xxm. vii. II. 170 Some used to put thereunto [the juice out of mulberries] myrrhe and cypresse, setting all to frie and take their fermentation in the sun. a 1682 Sir T. Browne Tracts (1684) 26 Made by hindring and keeping the must from fermentation or working. 1718 Quincy ComfL Disp. 8 The second is the inflammable Spirit of Vegetable, and what is procured by the help of Fermenta¬ tion. 1796 C. Marshall Garden, xiri.(1813) 179 The dung of animals .. is put together for fermentation. 1842 A. Combe Physiol. Digestion (ed. 4) no Others .. contended, that chymification results from simple fermentation of the ali¬ mentary mass. 1874 M. Cooke Fungi 3 These cells are capable of producing fermentation in certain liquids. t b. in Alchemy. Obs. c 1386 Chaucer Can. Veom. Prol. <$• T. 264 Oure cementynge and fermentacioun. 1471 RirLEY Comp. Alch. ix. in Ashm. (1652) 173 Trew Fermentacyon few Workers do understood. 1599 Thynne Animadv. (1875) 32 Fermentacione ys a pe- culier terme of Alchymye. 1610 B. Jonson Alch. 1. i, Because o’ your fermentation, and cibation. + c. in various other vague applications. Obs. a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 91 Others impute the heat .. to the fermentation of several minerals. 1671 Grew Anat. Plants 1. i. § 30 (1682) 6 The General Cause of the growth of a.. Seed, is Fermentation. 1678 State Trials , Earl of Pembroke (1810) 1341 Claret, and .. small-beer .. set the blood upon a fermentation. 1707 Curios, in Husb. <$• Gard.67 An acid Salt mingles it self with an Alkali: from which Mixture results a Fermentation, and very sensible Heat. 1728-46 Thomson Spring 569 The torpid sap .. in fluent dance, And lively fermentation, mounting. 1794 Sulivan View Nat. I. 69 As soon as our continents were thus delivered from the waters, the fermentations, .ceased. •f d. Iron-smelting: see quot. Obs. 1791 Beddoes in Phil. Trans. LXXXI. 174 The hottest part of the mass begins to heave and swell .. The workman calls this appearance fermentation. 2. fig. The state of being excited by emotion or passion ; agitation, excitement, •working. Some¬ times (with more complete metaphor) ; A state of agitation tending to bring about a purer, more wholesome, or more stable condition of things. c 1660 J. Gibbon in Spurgeon Treas. Dav. cxix. 9 A young man..in the highest fermentation of his youthful lusts. 1682 Earl Anglesey State Govt, in Somers Tracts II. 196 Predicting .. the happy, future State of our Country ; and that the then Fermentation would he perfective to it. 1752 Hume Ess. < 5 * Treat. (1777) I. 288 The minds of men being once .. put into a fermentation. 1845 S. Austin Ranke’s Hist. Ref. II. 161 Whether in such a state of fermentation, they would wait patiently. 1859 Mill Liberty ii. 61 In the intellectual fermentation of Germany, etc. Fermentatious (faiment^-Jos), a. [f. Fer¬ mentation : see -ous.] Of a disease : That is produced by some morbific principle or organism acting on the system like a ferment. 1888 Scott. Leader 6 Dec. 5 The vast increase they show in deaths from other ‘ zymotic ’ (or ‘ fermentatious ’) diseases. Fermentative (faime'ntativ),a. [f. L .fermen- tdt- ppl. stem of fennentdre+ - ive. Cf. Yt.fer- mentatif .] 1. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of fermenta¬ tion ; developed by fermentation. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 122 Vegetation, which is set a moving by the putrifactive and fermentative heat. 1693 Blancard Phys. Diet. 205/2 Some filthy and fermentative Matter. 1757 A. Cooper Distiller 1. ii. (1760) 10 The suc¬ ceeding Separation or fermentative Motion, is a very different Thing. 1850 Daubeny Atom. Th. x. (ed. 2) 350 Watching it during the continuance of the fermentative process. 1869 E. A. Parkes Tract. Hygiene (ed. 5) 20 The organic matter may. .commence to undergo fermentative changes. 2. Tending to cause or undergo fermentation. 1661 Childrey Brit. Bacon. 43, I doubt whether either of them hath any thing of a fermentative power in them. 1671 Grew Anat. Plants 1. i. § 31 (1682) 7 Beer, or any other Fermentative Liquor. 1748 Hartley Observ. Man 1. i. 46 The fermentative Disposition of the fresh Chyle. 1876 Foster Phys. 11. i. 219 The fermentative activity of yeast. lienee Ferme ntatively adv. } and Ferme nta* tiveness. 1684 Tyson Hist. R. Soc. iv. 172 (T.) The white of the egg he concluded, from its fermentativeness, to be impreg¬ nated with air. 1890 Webster, Fermentatively. Fermentatory (farme-ntatari), a. [f. Lat. type *fermentdtonus, f. fennentdre to ferment.] = Fermentative i. 1765 Brownrigg in Phil. Trans. LV. 227 Liquors, which ..by their fermentatory motion, generate more air than they can imbibe. 1770 Monthly Rev. 302 A fermentatory process is carried on in the stomach. Fermented (faime’nted),///. a. [f. Ferment v. 4 -ed 1 .] Of a liquor : That has been through the process of fermentation. Of bread : Leavened. 1555 Eden Decades 258 Fermented breade dipte in a sponefull of wyne. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 11. iv. 82 From the distillation of fermented urine .. ariseth an Aqua vitae. 1732 Arbuthnot Rules of Diet 261 All fermented Spirits, the [stimulating] Effects of which are very sudden. 1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. (1814) 136 'The spirits dis¬ tilled from different fermented liquors differ in their flavour. Fermentescible (fsimente-sib’l), a. Also ( erron .) -iscible. [f. as prec. + -escible (see -e.sce and -ible).] a. Flaving the power to cause fer¬ mentation. b. Capable of being fermented. 1684 tr. Bond's Merc. Comfit, xix. 730 Fermentiscible and often bilious Humours bred of. .Meat corrupted. 1807 Med. Jrnl. XXII. 198 The albumen..was so altered .. without having lost its fermentescible action. 1814 Edin. Rev. XXIII. 129 To excite fermentation in a fermentiscible fluid. 1865 Reader No. 117. 346/3 Fermentescible liquids. 21-2 FERMENTING. 164 FERNAMBUCK. Fermenting, vbl. sb. [f. as prec. +-tng'.] The action of the vb. Ferment ; also attrib. 1471 Ripley Comp. Alc/i. ix. in Ashm. (1652) 173 Fer- mentyng in dyvers maners is don. 1831 Carlyle Sart. Res. (1858) 13 What a Fermenting-vat lies simmering and hid ! 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 415 Twenty gallons in each fermenting tub. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. II. xi. 37 My. .study-lamp is now fixed under a barrel to .. raise a fermenting temperature. Fermenting (fajme ntiq),///. a. [f. as prec. + -ing -.] That ferments; in senses of the verb. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 11. 10 When with fermenting Juice the Vat o’erflows. 1705 Addison Campaign 108 Their Courage dwells not in a troubl’d Flood Of mounting Spirits, and fermenting Blood. 1816 J. Scott Vis. Paris Pref. (ed. 5) 4 The fermenting mischief burst forth. 187a Taunt Map 0/Thames 15 The bung flies upwards from the fermenting beer. Fermentitious (faimentrjas), a. [f. assumed L. *fermentici-us (f. fermentum Ferment sb.) + -ocs.] Of a fermenting or effervescent nature. 1807 A. Knox Let. Butterworth Rem. (1834) I- 67 It can deceive us by no fermentitious feeling. 1820 — Let. II. More Rem. (1837) III. 464 Mr. Southey .. seems to take .. pleasure in shewing off the annoying spectacles of fer- mentitious religion. Fermentive (farme’ntiv), a. [f. Ferment sb. or v. + -ive.] Tending to produce fermentation. 1672 Phil. Trans. VII. 4030 Seeds, which by the vertue of their fermentive Odours perform these transmutations upon Matter. 1674 R. Godfrey Inj. <$• Ab. Physic 2 Were not Diseases themselves, .in a manner poysonous and Fer¬ mentive. 1888 Athenaeum 25 Feb. 247/3 The fermentive organism is. .absolutely essential to the setting up of de¬ structive rotting. Jig. 1656 A riif. ILandsom. 104 Which is as strong a leaven to puffe the mind, as any thing, and no lesse fermentive when naturall, than when artificial!. ■1 Fe •merer l . Ohs. [f. Fermery+ -erT] The superintendent of a (monastic) infirmary. Cf. Enfermerer. c 1386 Chaucer Sompn. T. 151 So did our sextein, and our fermerere, That han ben trewe feeres fifty yere. 1483 Cat/i. Angl. 127/2 A Fermerer, jnfi rmarius. + Fermerer 2 . Sc. Ohs. Forms: 6 fer- morar, 7 fermarer, -orer. [f. former, Farmer 2 + -er 1 .] = Farmer sb .' 1 2 and 3. a 1572 Knox Hist. Ref. iv. (1632^ 298 Thair Factours and Fermorars. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj ., Stat. David II, 43 Fermorers borne of husband men..may not ficht for the libertie of their predicessours. Ibid. Table 79 Fermarer, or tenent to any man. Fermery, fa'rmery. Ohs. ex c. Hist. Forms: a. 4-6 fermerie, -y(e, 4-7 fermori(e, -y(e, 5 fermary(e, 7 Hist, fermarie, firmorie, firmary. ( 3 . 6 farmarie,-erye,-ory, 7 farmary, 6- farmery, [aphet. f. OF. enfermerie, ad. med L. infirmaries : see Infirmary.] = Infirmary ; chiefly, the infirmary of a monastery. 1377 Langl. P. PI. li. xui. 108 If Je fare so in }owre fer- morie. c 1394 P. PI. Crede 212 Fermery and fraitur with fele mo houses, c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf.Manhode iv. lx. (1869) 205, I wole lede fiee with me.. in to fie fermerye to reste. C1550 Balf. K. Johan 82 Gett thee to the farmerye. 1593 Rites $ Mon. Ch. Durh. (Surtees) 44 A chamber called the Dead Mane’s Chamber in the said Farmery. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. viii. § 62 The rehearsall .. of his dying in the Firmary. 1626 Spelman Gloss., Firmarinm al. Ferma - Hum, Angl. a fermarie. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. vi. ii. 287 Infirmarium or the firmorie. 1891 W. H. St. J. Hope in Venables Citron, de Parco Lude Introd. 55 Of the farmery ( infirmitorium ). .very little has been made out. attrib. a 1490 Botonf.r I tin. (Nasmith 1778] 83 The fer- marye chyrch continet in longitudine 34 virgas. Fermete, var. of Firmity, Ohs. 1 Fe'rmillet. Obs. Also 6 formelet. [a. O Y.fermillct,fermaillet, dim. of fiermail Fermail.] An ornamental clasp, buckle, or setting. c 1475 Partenay 1082 A formelet, of gret ualure beyng, With presious stonis gernesshed that thyng. 1633 J. Done tr. Aristeas' Hist. Septuagint 49 Those Stones were sus- tayned .. by Buckles and Fermilfets of Gold for more firm- nesse. t Fe rmisoil. Obs. Forms : 4 fermyson, -soun, 5 fermeson. [a. AF. fermyson, OF. fer- meyson, fennoyson firmdtidn-em, n. of action f. firmare, in med.L. to close {¥. ferine r).] 1 . A close-time for the male deer, attrib. [1248 Foot0/Fines (Record Office', co. Stafford,Quod Hugo et heredes sui .. quolibet anno possint capere in predicto parco unam damam in fermisona inter festuin Sancti Martini et Purificationem Beatrc Marite et unum damum in pingue- dine inter festuin Sanctx Crucis in Mayo et festum Sanctae Crucis in Septembri. c 1325 Gloss. IF. de Biblesw. in Wright Foe. 174 Assez par my la mesoun De treste du fermeyvm [Fug. Gloss, taken of gres tyme].] c 1340 Gain. Sr Gr. Kilt. 1156 pe fre lorde hade de-fende in fermysoun tyme pat per schulde no mon mene to f>c male dere. 1 a 1400 JMorle Arth. 180 Fflesch fluriste of fermysone. 2 . A place where deer were kept. c 1420 Antms of Arth. (Camden) i, By fermesones by frythys, and felles. t Fern, a. and adv. Obs. Forms: 1 fyrn, 3 fer(r)en, (furne), 3 Layamon v(e orne, 4-5 fern, (4 feorn, 6 fame). Also (as adv. and in Combi) with prefix, 1 sefyrn, 2 sefern, 3 ifurn, ivurn, ifeorn, iv(e)orn, 4 yfern. [Perh. repr. two dif¬ ferent but synonymous formations (from different ablaut-grades of the same root). The OE. fyrn with y from u, an -i stem that has passed into the -o declension, seems to be a peculiarly Eng. formation (perh. in origin a sb., as the form with prefixed ge may suggest', cognate with OS. furn, font adv. formerly (also in comb, an furndagon — OE. on fyrndaguni), OHG. font (MHG. vorti) formerly, OX. fiorn adj. ancient (S\v. fiorn). The sense ‘ of last year ’, thoirgh not recorded before the ME. period, seems to point to an OE. *fierne, which would correspond to OS .fern past (ofyears), OIIG .firni old (MHG. virne old, verne adv. last year, mod.Ger. firne old, of last year), Goth. fairneis oldOTeut. *femjo-, cognate with Lith. fernai adv., last year.] A. adj. 1 . Of time : Former, ancient, of old. After 15th c. only in phrase old ferti days or years ; cf. 3 and Fernyear. a 1000 Riddles Ixxxi. 9 (Gr.) Fyrn foi' 5 -gesceaft. c 1275 Lay. 24795 Julius.. pat in vorne da3e bi-wan hit mid fihte. c 1300 K. Alis. 6356 Feorne men .. Clepeth heom Agofagy. a 1400 Octouian 477 Hyt ys well fern men seyden so. 1529, 1562 |see Fernyear A. 1]. 1571 Be. Lesley Title Success. 11. 6 b, I might here fetche foorth olde fame dayes. 2 . Fernyear : last year: see Fernyear. 3 . Comb, fern-days, days of old. a 1000 Andreas 753 (Gr.) pis is se ilea ealwalda god pone on fyrndaguni fsederas cuSon. c 1205 Lay. 27118 pat Merlin i furn da3en seide. B. adv. Long ago, of old, formerly, a long time. o. a 1000 Giithlac 841 (Gr.) pone bitran drync pone Kve fyrn Adame geaf. e 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 59 Feren it is pat we and lire heldrene habbae <5 ben turnd fro him. Ibid. 161 Hit is ferren atleien holie til 3 e. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xv. 226 It is ferre \i’.r. fern] agoo in seynt Fraunceys tyme. c 1386 Chaucer Si/r.'s T. 248 For they han knowen it so fern, c 1422 Hoccleve Jereslaus's IFife 199 It is ago fern syn I spak yow to Of foue. 8. e 1000 IFulfstan (Napier) xviii. 104 Eala, Sefyrn is, pait 3 urh deofol fela pinga misfor. 1:1205 Lay. 24017 paiuurn here stoden. a 1250 Owl 4 Night. 1306 Heo were ifurn of prestes mope Amansed. e 1275 in O. E. blisc. (1872) 193 Ifurn ich habbe isunehed mid worke and mid worde. c 1380 Sir Fcrumb. 3207 Wei y-fern pay holpe ous nou3t. Fern (fain), sb. Forms: 1 fearn, 3 south, veerne, 4-7 feme, 6-7 fearn(e, (6 Sc. fame, 7 fyrne, 9 dial, fearn), 7 ferron, 6- fern. [OE. fearn str. neut. = MDu. vxren (Du. varen), OIIG .fam.farm (MHG. varn, varm, mod.Ger. fiarn) neut. and masc. (not recorded in ON., but cf. Sw. died, fiinne :—ON. *ferne) OTeut. */arno- :—0 Aryan *porno-, whence Skr. parna neut., wing, feather, leaf. The primitive meaning of the word is doubtless ‘feather’; for the transferred application cf. Gr. ■nT(puv feather, nrepts fern.] 1 . One of a large group of vascular cryptogamous plants constituting the N.O. Filiccs ; a single plant or frond of the same ; also collect, in sing. riowering- 01 Royal Pern : Osmunda regalis ; see Osmund. Hard fern = Blechnum. Lady-fern — Athyrium filix femina. Male fern — Lastrea filix-mas. Prickly fern = Polystichum aculeatum. For bladderbuckler -, hare foothollymaidenhair-, tree-, etc. fern, see those words. <1800 Corpus Gloss., Filix, fearn. < 888 K. /Elfred Boeth. xxiii. § i Atio serest of fia fiornas & fia fyrsas & fiat fearn. c 1205 Lay. 12817, I wude i wilderne inne haSe & inne uarne. c 1330 Arth. < 5 * Merl. 8875 No gaf he ther of nought a feme, c 1386 Chaucer Sqr.’s T. 247 Yit is glas nought like aisschen of feme, c 1400 Maundev. (1839) xxxi. 307 Tentes, made of black Feme. 1477 Norton Ord. A Ich. vi. in Ashm. (1652) 95 Of Ashes of Feme. 1523 Fitzherb. Surv. 6 b, Brome, gorse, fyrs, braken, feme. 1621 Sir R. Boyle in Lismore Pap. (1886) II. 16 He is to vse ffyrnes and heath, but not wood to brew withal. 1639 T. de Gray Cotnpi. Horseman 319 'lake the root of male brake or fearn. 1771 Smollett Humph. Cl. (1815) 259 A brown desert .. that produces nothing but heath and fern. 1814 Scott Ld. of Isles v. xix, The tall fern ob¬ scured the lawn. 1842 Tennyson Talking Oak 201 Hidden deep in fern. 2 . attrib. and Comb .: simple attrib., as fern-ashes , - bracken, -bush , - covert , -faggot, -frond , - harvest, -leaf, -plant , -root, -spore, -stalk, -stem , -tuft ; ob¬ jective, as fern-gatherer, -graver, -thief \ instru¬ mental and parasynthctic, as fern-clad , -crowned\ fringed , -leaved, -thatched adjs.; similative, as fern-like adj. <*1386 Chaucer Sqr.'s T. 246 To maken of*fern asshen glas. 1745 Be^ierley Beck Act ii. 2 Every quarter of fern ashes. 1567 Jewel Dcf. Apol. 11. 255 I11 like order of reason he might haue saide it is not a * fearn bushe. 1580 Lyly Euphncs (Arb.) 319 It is a blynde Goose that knoweth not a Foxe from a Fearne-bush. 1841 Lever C. O'Malley cviii, An apparently endless succession of *fern-clad bills. 1859 G. Meredith R. Feverel xxi, A pine overlooking the *fern-covert. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. xvii. 23 The *Feame-crown’d Flood. 1703 T. N. City C. Purchaser 47 Heath, Brake, or *Fern Faggots. 1842 Faber Styrian Lake 131 The ^fern-fringed wall. 1879 Encycl. Brit. IX. 101/1 Columna in 1648 compared the *fern frond to butcher’s broom. 1886 Hall Caine Son of Hagar hi. xi, I’m a *fern- gatherer. 1864 T. Moore Brit. Ferns 15 The amateur *Ferngrower. 1855 Mrs. Gaskell North 4* S. ii. The ^Fern-harvest was over. 1688 R. Holme A?-moury 11. iv. 60/2 He beareth Argent, a *Fern leaf, Vert. 1840 Mrs. Norton Dream 82 * Fern-leaved Mimosa. 1650 How Phytologia Brit. 77 Muscus fHicinus Park. *Fernlike Mosse. 1884 Bower & Scott De Barys Phancr. 179 In .. Fern-like plants tubes are found. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 225 Bulbils from which ^Fern-plants are directly developed. 1480 Caxton Citron. Eng. ccli. 322 Poure peple made hem brede of *fern rotes. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Supp., Fern-root was frequently prescribed by the antients in diet-drinks, for removing obstructions. 1589 R. Harvey PI. Perc. 13, I thinke the mad slaue, hath tasted on a *ferne-stalke, that he walkes so invisible. 1884 Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 289 A number of ^Fern-stems with leaves in many rows. 1614 Sylvester Bethulia's Rescue hi. 20 Their *Fem-thatcht Towns. 1888 Athenaeum 21 July 105/2 Some *fern thieves were captured. <11835 Mrs. Hemans Poems, Hour of Romance, Under the ^fern-tufts. b. Special comb.: fern-allies, plants of a nature allied to that of ferns; fern-bracken = Bracken (B ritten & H.) ; fern-brake, ( a ) =prec.; {b) a thicket of fern ; + fern-bud, a kind of fern-fly, used by anglers; fern-chafer, a beetle (Scarabveus or Amphimalla solstitialis ); fern-cup, the cup-like form of the fern just after coming through the ground ; fern-fly, a fly frequenting fern; fern-gale, the Sweet Fern (Myrica Comptonia ) ; fern-moss, a genus of mosses, Fissidens ; fern-oil (see quot.) ; + fern-sitter, a name given to the hare; fern- tree = tree-fern ; fern-web, a beetle (Scarabxus or Melorontha horticola ). Also Fern-owl, -seed. 1879 Encycl. Brit. IX. 100/2 Groups .. often spoken of .. as *Fern-allies. 1611 Chapman May Day Plays 1873 II. 352 A bath of ’femebraks for your fustie bodie. 1622 Fletcher Beggar s Bush, v. i, Your breech is safe enough : the wolfs a fern-brake. 1760 Walton <5- Cottons Angler App. (1760) 121 * Fern-Bud, this fly is got on Fern. 1774 G. White Sclbornc lx. 103 The appearance .. of the 'fern- chafer. 1816 Kirby & Sr. Entomol. xvi. (1828) II. 5 Of this nature seems to be that of the cockchafer and fern-chafer. 1888 Pall Mall G. 4 July 5/1 In their nightly gambols through my garden they too often destroy .. my choicest *fern-cups. 1676 Cotton Angler 11. 330 The *Fern-fly .. is of the colour of Fern or Bracken. 1686 Plot Staff brdsh. 253 The Fern-Flyes. .feed on the young corn and grass, and hinder their growth. 1867 F. Francis Angling vi. (1880) 230 The Fern Fly .. known to children .. as, ‘ Soldiers and Sailors’. 1698 J. Petiver in Phil. Trans. XX. 398 Our common *Fern Moss. 1868 Tripp Brit. Mosses 181 Marsh Fern Moss.. Rock Fern Moss. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Supp., * Fern-oil in pottery, a name given .. to a sort of varnish, which the Chinese use in their porcelain manufactories. It is also called lime-oil. a 1325 Names of Hare in R el. A fit. 1 .134 The hare The li3tt-fot, the *fernsittere. 1827 Hellyer in Bischoff Van Diemen’s Land( 1852) 166*Fern trees twenty feet in height. 1884 Boldrewood Melb. Mem. xx. 147 Picnics to fern-tree gullies, .were successfully carried out. 1796 W. Marshall W. Dc-jou. Gloss., * Fern-web. 1869 Blackmore Lorna D. vii. (ed. 12) 37 With a hook and a bit of worm on it, or a fern-web. Hence Periled ppl. a., fern-grown ; Fcrnist, one who cultivates or takes an interest in ferns; Fe rnless a., devoid of ferns. 1845 Hirst Poems 155, I tread on ferned and laurelled hills. 1865 A thenxum No. 1959. 648/3 The fernist of meanest capacity. 1888 — 21 July 105/2 Fairlight Glen, once the loveliest spot on the southern coast, now almost fernless. 1893 1 ’. E. Brown Old John, etc. 177 Rose plot, Fringed pool, Ferned grot. + Fern, sb . 2 Obs. [perh. repr. OE. firen, ON. firn pi., orig. a crime, monstrous thing; for the sense cf. mod.Ieel. firni i a great deal, a lot ’ (Vigf.).] A huge quantity or number. a 1300 Cursor AI. 3998 (Cott.) O fiis gret aght fiou has me lent I sal gret fern be-for me sent, c 1325 Mctr. Horn. 126 A lazer. .Com and asked Crist his hele, Bifor that fern of folc sa fele. Fern, sb.S Obs. exc. dial. Also 4, 6 verne, 7 fearne. [ME. verne, perh. f. Virne to go round, a. F. vironner, f. viron circuit.] A windlass. [a 1327 Acc. Works Westm. Palace in Promp. Pam'. 510 note, Gynes voc’ femes. 1328 Ibid., Circa facturam cujusdam verne sive ingenii.] 1546 Langley Pol. Verg. De Invent. 11. vii. 47 b, Cranes or Vernes to winde up great Weightes. 1574 Nottingham Rec. IV. 155 The vse of a feme to lode the tymber wyth. 1611 Cotgr., Moulinct ii brassieres, the barrell of a windlasse or fearne. Ibid., Chevie, the engine called by architects, etc. a fearne. 1 847“78 Halliwell, Fearn, a windlass. Line . Fern (f 5 in), v. [f. Fern sb.^~\ 1 . trails. To cover with fern. c 1420 Fallad. on Husb. 1. 338 The mapul, ooke and assche endureth longe In floryng yf thou feme it welle. 1862 Mactn. Mag. Sept. 426 How was it [island] lichened and mossed, ferned and heathed ? 2 . intr. To feed upon fern. ? Obs. 1576 Turberv. Venerie 153 When he feedeth on fearne or rootes, then it is called rowting or fearning. 1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. 135/2 For the Feeding, .if. .Boar and Swine .. be in open Grounds, on Heaths .. they are Fearn¬ ing. + Ferna’mbuck. Obs. Also 6 fernandobuck, 6-7 fernan( v d)buck, 8 fernebourge. [Corruptly f. Pernambuco, the name of a sea-port in Brazil.] = Brazil sb. 1. Also attrib. J 595 Drake’s Voy. (Hakluyt Soc.) 13 In this place was great store of fruite and much fernandobuck. 1598 Florio, Scotano, a red wood called brasill or fernanbucke. 1617 Fynes Moryson I tin. m. 534 Fernandbuck wood. 1703 T. S. Art's Improv. 28 [To stain wood red] Take Ferne¬ bourge, half a Pound, and Rain Water. 1712 tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 68 Most in Use is the Brazil-Wood, call’d Fernambuck. 1722 Act Encour. Silk Manuf in Lond. Gas. No. 6040/7 Brazil or Fernambuck Wood. FERNERY. FERREN. 165 Fernery (ffi'-ineii). [f. Feun sb. 1 + -ery.] A place or a glass-case where ferns are grown. 1840 E. Newman Brit. Ferns Introd. (1844' 11 A fernery ..should possess .. a pure atmosphere. 1863 Hates Nat. Amazon I. 70 The whole forest glade formed a vast fernery. Fernicle, var. of Vernicle, Obs. t Fern-osmund. Ohs. rare- 1 , [f. Fern sb. 1 + Osmund.] The Royal Fern, Osmunda regalis. 1614 Markham Cheap Hush. Table of Hard Words, Feme Osmund is an hearbe of some called H'ater-Ferne , hath a trianguler stalke .. and it growes in Hoggs. Ibid. 1. lxvi. 39. [Some later editions have the misprinted form fernsmund, which has been copied into mod. Diets.] Fe*rn-owl, [f. Fern sb . 1 + Owl.] a. The Nightjar or Goatsucker, Caprimulgus curopxus ; b. the Short-earecl owl, Asio bracliyotus. a. 1678 Ray Willughbys Ornith. it. iii. § i. 107 The Fern-owl..or Goat-sucker, Caprimulgus. 1793 G. White Selborne (1853) II. xxx. 246 Not long after a fern owl was procured. 1832-5 E. Jesse Glean. Nat. Hist. (1843) 221 The fern-owl, or night-jar. 1870 Morris Earthly Far. II. 111. 44 ’Midst bittern’s boom and fern-owl’s cry. b. 1885 Swainson Prov. Names Brit. Birds 129 Short¬ eared owl. .Fern-Owl (Ireland). Fe rn-seed. The * seed ’ of the fern. Before the mode of reproduction of ferns was understood, they were popularly supposed to produce an in¬ visible seed, which was capable of communicating its invisibility to any person who possessed it. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV y 11. i. 96 We haue the receit of Fern-seede, we walke inuisible. 1630 B. Jonson New Inn 1. Wks. (Rtldg.) 411/1, I had No med’eine, sir, to go in¬ visible ; No fern-seed in my pocket. 1756 Smart Horat. Canons Friendsh. 76 Ask thy heart, if Custom.. Hath sown no undiscover’d fern-seed there. 1815 Scott Guy Mann. xlv, ‘ They say she has gathered the fern-seed and can gang ony gate she likes/ 1859 Sala Tw. round Clock (1861) 266 We .. are in the receipt of fern-seed, and can walk invisible. Fernshaw (fa-jnjg). [f. Fern + Shaw.] A brake or thicket of fern. 1845 Browning Flight of Duchess xiii, Some story or other Of hill or dale, oakwood or fernshaw. Fernticle (fa’jntik’l). Ohs. exc. dial. Also 5 farntikylle, ferntyklle, 6 fayrntikle, 9 fan- tickle, farntic(k)le, Sc. fairnitickle. ‘A freckle on the skin, resembling the seed of fern ’ (W.). 1483 Cath. Angl. 123/1 A Farntikylle, lenticula. Ibid. 128/1 A Ferntykylle, ccsia. 1551 Turner Herbal 1. (1568) P iij a, Rocket .. taketh away frekles or fayrntikles with vinegre. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Earn tic les. .the brown ‘ pin point pops ’ clustered in the complexion. Hence Fe*rnticled ppl . a ., freckled. 1483 Cath. Angl. 123/1 Farntykylde, lentiginosus. 1719 D’Urfey PillsW I. 351 Pluggy fac’d Wat .. And .. farnicled Buggy. 1880 Antrim <$• Down Gloss., Farn-tickled . Ferny (fauni), a. [f. Fern sb 1 + -y T] 1 . Abounding in fern, overgrown with fern. 1523 Fitzherb. Hush. § 50 That sycknes is moste com¬ monly on. .ferny grounde. 1667 Phil. Trans. II. 525 The Surface thereof.. is Heathy, Ferny and Furzy. a 1722 Lisle Husb. (1752) 4 A red, sandy, ferny ground. 1808 Scott A farm. iv. xv, The wild buck bells from ferny brake. i860 Donaldson Bush Lays 87 The flat ferny wastes all lie sleeping. 2 . Of or pertaining to fern, consisting of fern. 1710 Phillips Pastorals vi. 29 When Locusts in the Fearny Bushes cry. a 1717 Parnell Flies 72 Your ferny shade forsakes the vale. 1804 J. Gbahame Sabbath (1808) 67 Woodless its banks but green with ferny leaves. 1884 Bazaar 10 Dec. 621/5 A. .gorsy, ferny growth. 3 . Of a fern-like nature, resembling fern. 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Gard. 1. 76 Ferny foliage. 1870 J. Rhoades Poems 131 Every pane is hoar with ferny rime. t Fernyear, fern year, sb. and adv. Ohs. Forms: a. i fyrnsear, 4 fern5ere, -yere, (5 ferner), 5, 8, 9 fernyear, 9 Sc. foirnyear. 0. 3 ivurnjer. [OF. fyrngear : see Fern a. and Year. From 14th c. often as two words, the adj. being inflected in ME.] A. sb. 1 . A past year. ciooo Gnomic Vers. (Cott.) 12 (Gr.) Fyrn^earuni frod. c 1205 Lay. 2513a, I Jxm iuurn 3ere. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xn. 5 How fele fern^eres are faren and so fewe to come. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 32 Yf myn aunte .. bethought her wel of olde ferners she wolde not suffre that I shold haue ony harme. 1529 More Snpplic. Soulys Wks. 296/1 Old fame yeres. 1562 J . Heywood Prov. <5- Epigr. (1867) 4 Ye regarde . .good prouerbes of olde feme yeeres. 2 . Last year, ‘yester-year’. [Cf. mod.Ger. Jirncwcin wine of last year.] r Skinner took Chaucer's feme yere to mean February ! Hence in Coles 1692-1732. c x 374 Chaucer Troylus v. 1176 Farwel al the snowgh of feme yere ! 1406 Hoccleve La Male Regie 433, I tlar nat speke a word of feme yeer. 15 .. Sir Egeir (1711) 19 He .. then told him a fern-years tale. 1737 Ramsay Scot. Prov. xviii. 14 If I live anither year, I 'll ca’ this year fern- year. B. adv. a. In past years. [Cf. OE .fymgdara, where the second element = Yore adv.] b. In the course of last year. [c 1000 Ags. Ps. (Thorpe) xciv. 9 [xcv. 8] Swa on grimnesse, fyrn-geara dydan.j 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. v. 440 The kynde- nesse )mt myne euene-cristene kidde me fernyere. 1786 Harvest Rig in Chambers Pop. Poems Scot. ■. 186:' 63 They’ll .. reckon up what time fernyear The kirn was held. 1806 J. Nicol Poems II. 3 (Jam.) He, fairnyear, 'gainst the en'mie’s power, Wi a choice gang had wander'd. + Fe 'roce, a. Ohs. rare.-' [ad. L. feroce-m, ferox .] = Ferocious a. 1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. i. 70 Feroce and belluine men [shal cohabit] with the meek and placable. t Ferocient, a. Ohs. [ad. L. ferdcient-em , pr. pple. of fei'dcire , f. ferox fierce.] Raging ferociously. 1654 H. L’Estrange Chas. / (1655) 94 So ferocient it [fire] was, as the Ambassadour .. hardly .. escaped. 1655 62 H. More Antid. Atheism (1662) 182 [Apostate spirits] that are more ferocient. 1684 tr. Bond's Merc. Compit. vi. 176 Vitriolate Acidity, .able to. .coagulate the ferocient Spirits. Ferocify Terffu'sifoi), v. [f. L. ferdei- stem of ferox + -fy.\ trans. To make ferocious or fierce. 1855 in Ogilvie Supp. Ferocious (fen^Jas), a. [f. L. ferdei -, ferox fierce, ferocious + -ous.] 1 . Of animals or persons, their dispositions or actions: Fierce, savage; savagely cruel or de¬ structive. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iii. xvi. 144 The Lyon a.. ferocious animall hath young ones but seldome. 1791 Bos¬ well Johnson (1816) III. 87 He was by no means of that ferocious, .character. 1794 Sullivan View Nat. I. 188 The most .. ferocious beasts are alarmed by it. 1828 Scott E. AI. Perth xxiii, One whom they had been taught to consider as a ferocious .. libertine, a 1853 Robertson Led. ii. (1858) 76, I cannot see anything manly in that ferocious struggle. 1886 Sheldon tr. Flaubert's Salammbo 1 And pits for fero¬ cious animals. Comb. 1849 James Woodman ii, Is he a ferocious-looking man ? 2 . Indicating or characterized by ferocity. 1728 Pope Dime . 11. 328 Slow rose a form, .shaking. .And each ferocious feature grim with ooze. 1826 Kirby & Sp. Ento- mol. xlvii. (1828) IV. 418 Their prominent or ferocious eyes. Hence Fero ciously adv. Ferociousness. 1766 Fordyce Serm. Vng. Worn. (1767) II. xiii. 223 Rough¬ ness, and even ferociousness, in a man, we often overlook. 1775 Mrs. Harris in Priv. Lett. Ld. Alalmcsbury I. 303 He [Dr. Johnson] feeds nastily and ferociously. 1818 Hallam Mid. Ages (1872) I. 52 The respect which was felt.. mitigated in all the rancour and ferociousness of hostility. 1856 K ane A ret. Expl. I. xxix. 394 They [rats] gnawed her feet and nails so ferociously that we drew her up yelp¬ ing. 1867 Miss Braddon Aur . Floyd i. 10 They hate me so ferociously. + Fero'citate, v. Ohs. [f. Ferocity +-ate.] /rails. To make ferocious ; to taint with fierceness. 1666 G. Harvey Alorb. Angl. iv. 49 The salin .. is apt to ferocitate and irritate the spirits. Ferocity (ferp-siti). [ad. Fr. ferocitf ad. L. ferdcitdt-em , f. ferox Ferocious.] The quality or state of being ferocious ; habitual fierceness or savageness ; an instance of the same. 1606 Warner Alb. Eng. xiv. Ixxxvi. (1612) 355 With such perseuerant hatred and ferocitie. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones 11. iv, Grimalkin, .degenerates not in ferosity from the elder branches of her house. 1793 Burke Policy of Allies W ks. 1842 I. 594 Such their ferocity..that no engagement would hold with them for three months. 1831 Carlyle Misc. (1857)11 213 These ferocities and Sibylline frenzies. 1851 Ruskin Mod. Paint. II. ill. 1. xiv. §28 It [fear] is always joined with ferocity. Ferocize (ferJu-ssiz), w. rare—', [f. \j.feroc-em + -ize.] trans. To make ferocious. 1816 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. LXXXI. 537 That hatred of war which., ferocizes man. + Ferous, a. Ohs. rare.-' [f. L .fer-us wild + -ous.] Wild, savage. 1653 A. Wilson Jas. I. 75 To chace away those ferous, and indomitable Creatures. -ferous, in actual use always -iferous (i'feros), an adjectival suffix f. L. -fer producing (f. ferre to bear) + -ous. In Lat. the suffix -fer was always preceded by i, either belonging to the stem as in pcstifer, substituted for the stem-vowel as in sensifer, or inserted as a connecting vowel as in at rife r ; so that the suffix practically appears in Lat. as -ifer, and in Eng. as -iferous. In Eng. it appeared first in words taken from Lat., either directly or through Fr. adaptations in -fere, as in auriferous, baccifer- ous, biferous, cruciferous, frugiferous, glandiferous, lactiferous, metalliferous, odoriferous, pomiferous, rosiferous, sopor iferous, thurifcrons, vociferous. On the analogy thus established -iferous became a living English suffix, capable of combining with any Latin stem, and forms an unlimited number of derivatives, esp. in Natural History, as acidiferous, argentiferous, carboniferous, coccifcrous, fossilifer- ous, lucriferous, sanguiferous, umbelliferous. Ferow, obs. form of Farrow a. Ferox (fe’q’ks). [a. L. (saltno) ferox lit. ‘fierce salmon’, the scientific name.] A fish {Salmo ferox), the great Lake Trout. 1867 F. Francis Angling xi. (1880) 403 Lough Melvin .. contains salmon grilse, charr, ferox. 1884 M. G. Watkins in Longm. Mag. June 176 Every now and then we had a ferox for dinner. Ferrade, var. of Ferred Obs. Ferrage, obs. form of Ferriage. Ferrall, obs. form of Ferule. t Fe'rrameilt. Obs. Forms : 5 ferremen(t, 5-7 ferrament, (ferment), [a. OF. ferrement, ad. L. ferrament-um implement of iron, after which the word was refashioned. Cf. Farrement.] In pi. Articles of iron ; iron instruments or tools; irons, shackles ; iron fittings, ironwork. a 1440 Found. St. Bartholomew s 37 Hym-self so chargid with ferramentys and Iryns. 1446 Vatton Churchw. Ace. (Somerset Rec. Soc.) 84 It. payd for ferments to the stepyl wyndows .. vii". x' 1 . 1474 Caxton C/tesse ill. v. (i860) G vj, The fferremens and Instrumentis that hangen on the gurdel. 1489 — Faytes of A. 11. xxiii. 137 Cartes with ferrementes for to carie the roddes for the engins. Ibid. 11. xxxv. 153 Witii grete mastes armed aboue wyth sharp ferrementes. 1597 I,owe Chirnrg. 1. ii. (1634) 9 How many kinds of ferra* ments ought the Chyrurgion .. to carry, c 1640 J. Smyth Lives Berkeleys (1883) II. 66 The ferments of iron in the windows. 1660 Charac. Italy 34 Their Bergamasque .. a poor. .Crab-louse .. cloyster’d up within these ferraments.. hath not room to breath. Ferrandin, var. of Faiiandine, Obs. t Ferrane, Ferranea. Obs. See quots. 1812 Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 388 There are 2 com¬ pounds of iron and chlorine .. one .. formed by burning iron wire in the gas .. I have called it Ferranea .. The other .. is a dark gray opaque substance .. and .. may be named ferrane. + Ferra'ra. Obs. rare — l . A broadsword; more fully, an * Andrea Ferrara \ Cf. Andrew i. 1762 Churchill Poems, Proph. Famine , There saw I .. the Ferrara .. Unwilling grace the aukward victor's side. 1785 Grose Did. Vulg. Tongue s. v. Ferrara, An Andrea Ferrara has become the common name for the glaymore, or highland broad-sword. t Fe*rrary. Obs . [ad. L. (ars) ferraria ; but cf. Ferrurie.] The smith’s art ; iron-working. 1609 Heywood Brit . Troy xiii. xxxvii, Vulcan works in heauenly Ferrarie. c 1611 Chapman I Had xiv. 141 The God of ferra ry. Ferrate (feT^'t). Chem . [f. L .ferr-um iron f -ate 4 .] A salt of ferric acid. 1854 J- Scoffern in Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem. 439 A solution of ferrate of potash is obtained. 1873 Watts Fownes ’ Chem. (ed. 11) 455 A class of salts called ferrates. Ferrateen. rare- 1 . Cf. Ferreting sb. 1821 Scott Kenilw. xxiv, Thou false man of frail cambric and ferrateen. t Ferraunt, a. Obs. Also 4 farant, fera(w)nt, feraunte. [a. OF ./ errant, f. fcr:—\,.ferriim iron.] Of a horse : Iron-grey. Also absol. £1300 K. Alls. 3460 With him cam mony stede farant. ?/z 1400 ATorte Arth. 2140 Ffewters in freely one fferaunte stedes. Ibid. 2451 One ferawnt stedes. a 1440 Sir Dcgrev. 371 On a sted fferraunt. Fer ray, obs. form of Foray. t Ferre. Falconry. Obs. [i486 Bk. St. Albans D j b, Iff yowre hawke nym the fowle at the fer side of the Ryuer. .from you Then she sleeth the fowle at the fer Jutty and if she slee it uppon that side that ye ben on. .ye shall say she hath sleen the fowle at the Jutty ferry.] 1602 Heywood Woman Killed Wks. 1874 II. 99 Your’s [i.e. your hawk] missed her at the ferre. Ferr(e, obs. form of Far sb., a., and v. 1 Fe Treat. Obs. rare—', [f. \,. ferre-us if .fer¬ ritin iron) + -al.] Of or pertaining to iron. 1599 A. M. tr. GabelJiouer s Bk. Physicke 279/2 [Recipe for] the ferreall poudre, called Crocus Alartis. Ferrean (fe’r/an), a. rare. [f. as prec. + -an.] =Ferreous 2. 1656 81 Blount Glossogr., Ferrean, iron-like; hard¬ hearted, cruel. 1828 Southey Gridiron vi. in Life (1850) V. 364 From the air The ferrean atoms came. [In some mod. Diets.] t Fe rred, fe'rhede. Obs. Forms: a. (i Seferrdcden), 3 ferrseden, feereden, fer(r)eden, 3-4 ferede, ferred(e, (4 ferrade). /3. 3 fer-, verhede. [aphetic f. OE. gefdrrxdcn, f. gefira Fere sb. 1 + rxdcn condition : see -red. As in other similar compounds of sbs. ending in -r, the suffix -red was in 13th c. replaced by -hede (see -head).] Companionship, society, fellowship ; a company. a. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 23 Ich ileue bat halgan.. habben ferrede on alle holinesse. c 1205 Lay. 6020 Heo gunnen sen- den of Romanisce ende feower femedene. a 1225 Log. Hath. 703 I'u schalt .. beon underfon i be feire ferreden & i be murieofmeidnes. c 1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 1354 Leuer ous were heron be ded, Than thou wer ded in our ferred. c 1325 Coer de L. 2278 Him followed ful great ferrede. 4:1330 Arth. <5* Alerl. (Kolb.) 3528 With gret ferrade \rhne-wd. made]. 4:1380 Sir Fcrumb, 2060 pou art now. .among bes fair ferede. /9 . 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2917 He wende in b*s verhede [v.r. ferhede] Toward bataile. 4:1300 A”. Alis. 3060 The riche king of Mede, Hadde never suche ferhede. ^1325 Coer de L. 1920 Him followed ful great ferhede. Ferrekyn, obs. Sc. form of Firkin. Ferrel(l, obs. form of Ferrule v. Fe rrell, dial. See quot. 1861 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XXII. 11. 248 There occur in spots blocks of concrete, cemented gravel, clay, and iron r H amp tonic ‘verrells’or ‘ferrells’. 1883 Hampslt. Gloss. 104 Ferrol, an indurated lump of gravel, sand, and iron. These ferrols frequently occur in the heath-lands of North Hampshire. + Fe rren, adv. and a. Obs. Forms : i feorran, feorran(n)e, feorrene, 2-4 ferren(e, (3 feren, verren, 4 ferynne, furrene), 3 feorre(n, 3-5 feme, 6 farren. Also (after preps, of, on) fer- rom(e, ferrum ; see Aferrum. [OF. feorran, feorrane, feorrene, corresp. to OS. ferrana, fer ran, 011G. fer rana, -no, f. OTeut. *ferr- Far adv. The FERREOUS. FERRETTO adj. appears first in 12th c. ; its development from the adv. is paralleled in the mod.G .fern.'] A. adv. 1 . From far, from a distance. Beowulf 839 (Gr.) Feorran and nean. a xooo Caedmon*s Gen. 1836 (Gr.) Uncer twega feorren cumenra. a 1000 Elette 993 (Gr.) Feorran £eferede. a 1225 Ancr. I\. 70 3 if eni god inon is feorrene ikumen. a 1250 Oivl Night. 1320 Hwat canstu. .of storre, Bute that thu bi-haitest hi feorre? 2 . Afar, far away, at or to a distance. c 888 K. ^Elfred Bocth. xxxix. § 5 Da on$on he sprecan swiSe feorran ymbuton. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 58 Petrus hym fylide feorrane. c 1205 Lay. 25733 pa ise^en heo nawiht feorren a muchel fur smokien. a 1225 Juliana 71 pa..belial [>at ha hefde ibeaten feorren to bihinden. <*1250 Gen . <$■ Ex. 2601 Maria dowter ful feren stod. c 1315 Shore- ham 137 The sonne and monne and many sterren By easte arysethe swythe ferren. 3 . Preceded by prep. ; of, on (p), from ferren ( ferrom ) : from or at a distance ; see Aferrom. a 1240 Sawles Warde in Coil. Horn. 249 A sonde .. of feorren icumen. a 1300 Cursor M. 11744 (Gott.) pai lokid paim on ferrom fra. Ibid. 27372 (Cott.) O ferrum lor to spi. 4:1300 Havelok 1864 Gleyues schoten him fro feme. 1352 Minot Poems vii. 89 He saw pe toun o-ferrum bren. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xvi. 72 pe whilk men may see on ferrum. a 1400-50 Alexander 5520 In hokis of iren Flesch on ferrom paim fra. c 1470 Harding Citron, vi. iii. 5 Shyppes came.. Fro ferrome sene. B. adj. Distant, far, remote. c 1160 Hatton Gosp. Luke xix. 12 Sum aithelboren man ferde on ferren [c 1000 Corpus fyrlen] land, c 1205 Lay. 3331 3 ef ferrene kinges hiherde pa tidinde. c 1250 O. Kent Serm. in O. E. Misc. (1871) 27 po prie kinges of hepenesse pet comen fram verrene londes ure louerd to seche. c 1305 S. Kathcr. 20 in E. E. P. (1862) 90 So moche folc of furrene lond. c 1374 Chaucer Booth. 11. vii. 60 A 1 pou} [pat] renoune y-spradde passynge to feme poeples gop by dyuerse tonges. *•1386 — Prol. 14 Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages ..To feme hahves. c 1420 Citron. Vilod. 745 pere come foure clerkes to Wyltone from feme lond. 1548 Gest Pr. Masse 126 In farren contreis. Ferreous (fe*n,os), a. [f. L .ferre-us (f .ferrum iron) -f- -OUS.] 1 . Of or pertaining to iron; consisting of or containing iron. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 11. iii. 67 Veyned .. with a few magneticall and ferreous lines. Ibid. (ed. 1) 69 It carried away all ferreous and earthy parts. 1842-3 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces (1874) 12 9 A magnet being itself moved will move other ferreous bodies. 2 . Hard as iron; iron-like. rare. 1822 Blackw.. Mag. XII. 280 Nothing too tough and ferreous for their digestion. 3 . Entom . * Of a mctallic-grey hue, like that of polished iron’ {Cent. Diet.). Ferrer (fe-roi). Obs. exc. dial. fad. OF. ferriere : see Barrel - ferrer.] a. = Barrel- FERRER, b. (see quot. 1877.) a 1483 Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. 75 Ther sergeaunt [of the cellar] hathe in keepinge .. ferrers and portatives. 1877 N. IP. Line. Gloss., Ferrer , a cask having iron hoops. t Fe rrer, fe’rrour. Obs . Forms: 4-8 ferrer, 4-5 ferour, 5-6 ferror, -our (e, 6 farrour, (5 ferere, •owre, ferrur, 6 farrer, ferrar). fa. OF. ferreor, ferour (Fr. ferreuf) = Sp. herrador , It .ferratore meA/L.ferrator-em, agent-n. i.ferrare to shoe horses, i. ferrum iron, in mecl.L. horseshoe : see Farrier.] 1 . A worker in iron; a smith. CX380 Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 407 God is a ferour and he is Goddis instrument, c 1400 Destr. Troy 1593 Fferrers, flechours, fele men of crafte. 14.. Nominate in Wr.- Wiilcker 686 Hie farrator , a ferrur. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 137/2 Ferrowre, smyth e.,ferrarius. 1583 Golding Calvin on Deut. cxxxvii. 845 The Farrour or locksmith hath an anuel. 1609 Holland Amin. Marcell. xiv. xi. 28 Andriscus .. she taught the Ferrars craft for to get his living. 2 . = Farrier i. 1426 E. E. Wills (1882) 76, I make myn executours. .Iohn Carpinter, comoun clerk, & Iohn Spore, ferroure. C1515 Cocke Lorcll's B. (Percy Soc.) 9 Brydel bytters, blacke smythes, and ferrars. 1552 Huloet, Ferroure, horseleche, or smythe whyche cureth horses, veterinarius medicus. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 480 Poppcea .. was knowne to cause her Ferrers ordinarily to shooe her coach-horses .. with cleanegold. 1798 Sporting Mag. XII. 21 Encouraged by the nobility .. as riding-masters or ferrers. 3 . With sb. prefixed as sergeantvalet-, yeoman- ferrer : An official who had care of the horses in a large household. *455 Househ. Ord. 23 In th’ office of the Stable—1 Sergeant Ferrour— 1 Yoman Ferrour. a 1512 Fabyan Citron, vii. 686 A tall yoman, somtyme sergeaunt ferrour to the kyng. 1541 ■Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 12 § 16 The serieant or chief ferrour.. shall .. bringe with him the serynge yrons. 1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edw. II, § 56 (1876) 44 He shal haue a vallet ferrour under him to shue the horses. Ferret (fe ret), sbl Forms : 4 fyrette, 5 for-, feret(te, 5-7 firret;te, 7 ferrit, 6- ferret, [a. OF. (? *fret), fnirct, furct (mod.F. furet) = It. furetto, dim. of the Com. Rom. word which ap¬ pears in OF. as firon,fuiron (:—L. type *furion-em ), furon —Vx. furon, Cat. fur6, Sp. huron (earlier furon), Pg. furao :—late L. furdn-em, recorded in 7th c. by Isidore Etym. xn. ii. § 39 ; usually identified with late L. furdn-em robber (f. L. fur thief; common in the Langobardic laws), whence It. furonc robber. The F. dim. was adopted as }\Dw. foret,furet, fret, mod. Du. fret, mod.G. frett, frettchen ; the OF. furon appears 166 in early mod.Du. -rure, Westphal, "turn, denoting the same or a similar animal.] 1 . A half-tamed variety of the common polecat ( Putorius feetidus), kept for the purpose of driving rabbits from their burrows, destroying rats, etc. 1398 T revisa Barth. De P. R. xvm. Ixxv. (1495)829 A fyrette hyghte Migale and is a lytyll beest as it were a wesel. £•1440 Promp. Parv. 171/2 Forette, or ferette, lytyll beste. la 1500 Chester PI. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 51 Heare are beares .. squirelles, and firrette. 1581 Lambarde Eiren. iv. iv. (1588) 444 If any. .Labourer have used firrets .. to take or destroy Deere. 1616 Surkl. & Markh. Country Earme 647 Good hunters will neuer put their ferret into any earth, whose mouth they see stopt. 1647 H. More Song of Soul 1. 11. lxxxv, Strait Graculo with eyes as fierce as Ferrit Reply’d. 1766 Pennant Zool. (1768) I. 78 Warreners assert that the Polecat will mix with the ferret. 1844 Penny Cycl. XXV 11 . 167/1 Ferrets should not be fed before they are taken to the warren. 1879 Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) IX. 109/1 The ferret is peculiarly intolerant of cold. b. transf. and fig. 1626 L. Owen Spec. Jesuit. (1629) 66 These Ferrets (or if you will Iesuites). 1641 Milton Reform. 1. (1851) 31 Many of those that pretend to be great Rabbies in these studies.. have bin but the Ferrets and Moushunts of an Index. 1856 Bokek Poems (1857) II. 25 A cunning ferret after doubtful phrases. 1891 Daily News 19 June 7/3 He engaged him as a kind of ferret or detective. 2 . slang, a. A dunning tradesman (see quot. i7op). ? Obs. b. (See quot. 18S9.) fc. A pawn¬ broker (Bailey 1736). Obs. a 1700 1 ». E. Diet. Cant. Crew , Ferret, a Tradesman that sells Goods to young Unthrifts, upon Trust at excessive Rates, and then continually duns them for the debt. 1725 in New Cant. Diet. 1889 Barreke & Leland Slang Diet., F'crret, a young thief who gets into a coal barge and throws coal over the side to his confederates. 3 . attrib. and Comb. : simple attrib., as ferret- eye ; parasynthetic and similative, as ferret-eyed , faced, -like adjs. Also t ferret-claw v., fig. to scratch, claw like a ferret; to strip bare; ferret-eye, * the spur-winged goose, so called from the red circle around the eyes’ (Webster 1890). 1591 Greene Disc. Coosnage, So 'ferret-claw him at cards that they leave him as bare of money, as an ape of a taile. c 1620 Fletcher JVom. Pleased iii. iv, Has light legs else I had so ferret-claw’d him. a 1586 Sidney (J.), Having threatning .. in her *ferret eyes. 1601 Shaks. Jul. C. 1. ii. 186 Cicero Lookes with .. Ferret .. eyes. 1781 Bentham Wks. (1838-43) X. 104 A hook nose and ferret eyes. 1837 Marryat Snarleyyo7v (ed. 2) III. iii. 36 Vanslyperken, whose .. small ferret-eyes, and downcast look, were certainly not in his favour, a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, * Ferret- eyed : or Eyes as red as a Ferret. 1850 Eb. Elliott More Verse Prose I. 18 Cried To prayerless Want, his plunderer ferret-eyed. 1870 L’Estrange Miss Mitford I. v. 156 They are really ferret-eyed this morning. 1840 Barham Ingot. Leg., Spectre of Tapp., A little *ferret-faced woman. 1843 James Forest Days ii, A shrewd merry, ^ferret-like face. Ferret (fe’ret), sb.% Forms : 6 foret, 7 ferrit, 7- ferret. See also Floret. [Usually believed to be ad. It .fioretti floss-silk (rendered ‘ferret silk ’ by Florio : see quot. 1598), pi. of fioretto, dim. of fore flower; the corresponding F .fleuret has senses answering to both those explained below.] + 1 . attrib. Ferret-silk -■ floss silk. Obs. 1576 Gascoigne Steele Gl. (Arb.) 80 When perchmentiers [/. e. makers of trimmings, F. fasse men tiers] put in no ferret Silke. 1598 F lorio, Fioretti .. a kind of course silke called foret or ferret silke. 1612 Sc. Bk. Customs in Haly burton's Ledger (1867) 326 Filosell or ferrett silk the pound viii li. 2 . A stout tape most commonly made of cotton, but also of silk ; then known as Italian ferret. Green ferret, fig. of officialism (cf. red-tape). Also attrib ., as ferret-ribbon, -ribboning. 1649 Gild Law in Mackenzie Newcastle 11 . 666 note, They shall wear no show strings better than ferret, .ribbin. 1668 Dkyden Evenings Love iv. iii, There’s your ferret-ribboning for garters. 1697 Lond. Gaz. No. 3331/4 Leather Breeches, tied at the Knees with green Ferrit. 1715 Ibid. No. 5327/2 The working of Galloons, Ribbons, Ferret, &c. by Mills. 1783 W. F. Martyn Gcog. Mag. II. 268 The inhabitants [of Amiens] carry on a manufacture of ferrets. 1812 H. & J. Smith Ref Addr. (1839) 54 Red wax and green ferret Are fixed at the foot of the deeds. 1826 Miss Mitford Village Ser. 11. (1863^ 426 The bobbin, the ferret, shirt-buttons, shoe¬ strings? 1836 in Mrs. Papendiek Crt. Q. Charlotte (1887) II. 257 The Venetian blinds I had new strung at home with silk ferret. 1852 Dickens Bleak Ho. x, Mr. Snagsby has dealt in .. red tape and green ferret. t Fe*rret, sb$ rare- 1 . Glass-making, [a. Fr. ferret, ftret, dim. of fer iron.] See quot. 1662 Merrett tr. Neri's Art of Glass 364 Ferrets are the Irons wherewith they try whether the Metall be fit to work, as also those Irons which make the Ring at the mouth of Glass Bottles. 1753 in Chambers Suppl. Hence in mod. Diets. 1874 in Knight. Ferret (fe-ret), v. [f. Ferret shy ; cf. F .fureter (16th c. in Liltre), which may be the source.] 1 . intr. To hunt with ferrets. t'1450 Lydg. in Pol. Ret. <5* L. Poems { 1866) 26 With hem that fyrretyth robbe conyngherthys. 1576, 1673, 1879 [see Ferreting vbl. b. trans. To hunt over (ground) with a ferret; to clear out by means of a ferret. a 1483 Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. 66 To geve any servaunts occasion to furett. .any mannys warreynes. 1879 Jefferies Wild Life in S. C. 214 Even if the burrows be ferreted, in a few weeks this great hole shows signs of fresh inhabitants. I bid. 248 In ferreting this place. 2 . trails. To take (rabbits, etc.) with ferrets. Also, to drive forth by means of a ferret. 1577-87 Hoi.iNSHEDC/m?tt. III. 893/2 Some fell to drinking, some to feretting of other mens conies. 1579 Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 35 These prettie Rabbets very cunningly ferretted from their borrowes. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Creiu, Ferreted, hunted as Conies. 1724 Swift Wood's Execution Wks. 1738 IV. 234 Rabbet-catcher, I’ll ferret him. 1884 York Herald 26 Aug. 6/2 The tenants .. have permis¬ sion to ferret and dig rabbits. 3 . Of actions resembling a ferret’s. a. To hunt after ; to worry. Also with about. *599 Shaks. Hen. V, iv. iv. 30 lie fer him, and firke him, and ferret him. 1605 Old King Leir in Nichols Six Old Plays (1779) 461 I 11 ferret you ere night for that word. 1663 Butler Hud. 1. iii. 236 And . .vow’d He’d ferret him, lurk where he wou’d. 1713 Steele Guardian No. 132 F4 She does so ferrit them about .. that they .. give her im¬ mediate warning. 1810 Lamb Let. to Manning 1 . 115 He ferrets me day and night to do something. b. To drive from, off, out of (a place). Also, to ferret about, away, forth, out. 1601 Deacon & Walker Spirits Divcls 287 You are almost quite ferreted foorth from all your starting holes. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 177 With Terriar Dogs they ferret him out of his den again. 1655 Gurnall Chr. in Arm. iv. (1669) 193/2 Speak .. did the Lord ever ferret thee out of this burrow? a 1679 Earl Orrery Guzman iii I’ ll ferret him away. 1683 Wycherley Country Wifew. iii, I'll ferret her out to you presently. 1691 Wood Ath. Oxon. II. 124 Dr. Laud .. sifted and ferreted him about from one hole to another. 1727 A. Hamilton Neiu Aec. E. Ind. I. viii. 86 They.. took Counsel to ferret them off their Island. 1824 W. Irving T. Trav. II. 241 Measures were accordingly taken .. to ferret this vermin brood out of the colonies. c. intr. To rummage, search about; f to be restless, worry ; also, to ferret up and doivn. 1580 North Plutarch (1676) 963 Souldiers, who went ferriting up and down in his House. 1624 Gee E'oot out of Snare 52 Making him [a diuell] ferret vp and downe, from tongue to toe. 1693 Southerne Maid's last Prayer 11. ii, You must be .. ferreting in my Borough. 1792 A. Young Trav. France 201 Ferret among the booksellers and find more tracts .. upon agriculture than I expected. 1806-7 J. Beresford Miseries Hunt. Life xx. (1826) 276 How would these conjurors ferret and sweat, To see us pair off. 1891 E. Gosse Gossip in Library xii. 150 He has to ferret among the pawnbrokers for scraps of finery. d. trans. To search (a place); also, to question (a person) searchingly. rare. 1583 Stanyhurst YEneis 1. (Arb.) 27 iEneas .. vpgot, too ferret al vncooth Nouks of strang country. 1607 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. iv. Magnificence 198 Ferret all Corners of this neather Ball. 1647 Wharton Wks. (1683) 277, I have proposed .. to ferret the poor Quack in point of Art. e. To burrow (a passage), rare. 1583 Stanyhurst y Ends iii. (Arb.) 93 Alpheus. .this pas- sadge ferreted. 4 . To ferret out , up : To search out, discover, bring to light. 1577-87 Holinshed Chron. II. 36/2 That he were able to ferret out such .. brats. 1581 J. Bell IIaddon's Ans7u. Osor. 122 b, Let us now fyrritte out the other, and see what vermine it is. a 1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary v. iv, Let’s in, and ferret out these cheating rake-hells. 1775 Wesley Wks. (1872) XII. 324 Rather ferret them out, and drag them into open day. 1847 Alb. Smith Chr. Tadpole xxxix. (1879)330 She had been out in the village, and ferretted up all the guides. 1852 Dickens Bleak Ho. ix, I have ferreted out evidence, got up cases. 5 . slang. To cheat. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crc7u, Ferreted, cheated. Ferreter (fe*ret9j). [f. prcc. + -er F] a. One who searches for rabbits, etc. with a ferret, b. One who searches minutely; a rummager. Also with out. a. 1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edw. II, § 58 (1876) 45 A ferretter, who shal have ij ferretes and a hoy to help him. 1652 Brome City Wit 1. Wks. 1873 I. 288, I have heard my Mother say his Father was a Ferretter. 1878 Jefferies Gamekeeper at II. 33 Assistants, who act as heaters, ferreters, etc. 1887 W. Rye Norfolk Broads 13 The Poet found it [rabbit] in the ferreters bag. b. 1611 Cotgr., Fureteur, a ferreter, searcher. *857 Planch £ Fairy Talcs 261 Monkeys are always great ferreters by profession. 1863 Scotsman 7 May, Croker .. that inde¬ fatigable ferreter out of mistakes. Ferreting (fe*retiij), vbl. sb. ff. as prec. + -ing F] The action of the verb in various senses. a. The action of taking rabbits, etc. with a ferret. b. The action or process of searching minutely. 1576 Turberv. Verierie 180, I accoumpte ferrettyng one of the coldest, .chases that can be followed. 1673 Neros from Channel in Ansted Channel 1 st. 1. iv. (1862) 89 Whither we commonly go a ferreting. 1859 Helps Friends in C. Ser. 11. I. v. 201 Notwithstanding all the ferreting that has gone on, we know .. little of Shakespeare’s life. 1879 Jefferies Wild Life in S. Co. 136 The guns are laid aside, though some ferreting is still going on. Ferreting (fe*retiij), sb. [f. Ferret sb.^-k -ing F] = Ferret sb.% 1670 Overseer's Acc. Holy Cross , Canterb., Tape and Fereting for Bullocks girle. a 1754 S. Gale in Bibl. Topog. Brit. III. 21 Waistcoats .. edged and trimmed with black ribbands or ferreting. 1845 Mrs. S. C. Hall Whiteboy iv. 27 A..straw hat, with a piece of black coarse ferretting dangling from it. Ferretto (fcre'to). Also feretto. [a. It. fer¬ ret to (di Spagna), dim. of ferro iron :—h. ferrumi] Copper calcined with brimstone or white vitriol, used to colour glass. 1662 Merrett tr. Neri s A rt of Glass 29 To make Ferretto is nothing but a simple Calcination of Copper. 1753 Cham¬ bers Cycl. Supp., Feretto, a substance which serves to FERRETY. 167 FERRULE. colour glass. 1799 G. Smith Laboratory I. 123 Feretto of Spain, is thus prepared. Ferrety (fe-reti), a. [f. Ferret sb .* + -y 1 .] Resembling a ferret or a ferret’s. 1801 Med. jrnl. V. 15 Indicated by a flushed countenance, ferrety eye. 1876 J. Weiss Wit , Hum. fif S/taks. ii. 54 There is nothing more feretty than your cynic. 1877 Black Green Past, xi, The man .. looked at Balfour with a pair of keen and ferrety eyes. 1883 G. H. Boughton in Harper's Mag. Mar. 528/1 Jacob translated for the ferrety old dame. Ferri- (fe'ri), formerly ferrid-, used in Organic Chemistry in the names of certain compounds to indicate the presence of iron in the ‘ ferric ’ state (cf. Feuro-, the corresponding prefix used when the iron is in the ‘ ferrous ’ state). Ferricyan- hy dric or Ferricya nic acid, an acid, II 4 FeCy r ,, procured from various ferricyanides, and crystal¬ lizing in lustrous brownish-green needles. Ferri- cy anide, a salt of ferricyanhydric acid, e.g. potas¬ sium ferricyanidc, red prussiate of potash ; ferrous ferricyanide, Turnbull’s blue. Ferricya nofjen, the hypothetical radical FeCy. supposed to exist in ferricyanhydric acid. 184s G. E. Day tr. Simon's A stint. Chem. I. 16 Ferro¬ cyanide and ferrideyanide of potassium. 1848 Craig, Ferrid- cyanogen. >854. J- Scoffern in Orr's Circ. Se. Chem. 443 A .. hydrzcid, ferrosesy nicy anic acid t or ferridcyanicacid. 1869 Roscoe Elem. Chem. 377 Ferricyanic Acid. 1878 King- zett Anint. Chem. 379 Potassic ferro- and ferri-cyanide. Ferriage (fe riied^). Also 5 fery-, feriage, 6 ferrage, 9 ferryage. [f. Ferry sb. and v. + -AGE.] 1 . The action or business of ferrying a person or thing over a stream or other water; conveyance over a ferry. c 1450 Merlin 606 We requere feriage for oure horse at this forde. 1464 Mann. <5* Househ. Exp. 241 To pay flbr my ladyis fferyage att the fiery. 1678-96 in Phillips. 1691 T. H[ai.e] Acc. New Invent, p.xcv, The right of the Ferriage over all Rivers between the first Bridges and the Sea is a Perquisite of Admiralty. 1835 W. Irving Tour Prairies xii, This Indian mode of ferriage. 1880 Miss Bird Japan II. 268 We were detained .. waiting ferriage. 2 . The fare or price paid for the use of a ferry. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 156/2 ¥erya.gQ,feriagium. 1573 Abp. Parker Let. in Corr. (1858) 455 Journeying, ferriage, carriage . .See. 1599 Minsheu Sp. Diet., FletadSr, one that payeth ferriage, or passage money. 1735 Col. Rcc. Pennsylv. IV. 22 An Act for ascertaining the Rates of Ferriages to be taken at divers Ferries. 1761 Franklin Let. Wks. 1887 III. 145 They were by law to receive no ferriage of him. 1807 W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 58 Ferryage nine-pence. 1859 F. Burton Centr. A/r. in Jrnl. Geog. Soc. XXIX. 194 Settling ferriage with the .. Lord of the Ferry. Ferriar, -er, obs. forms of Farrier. Ferric (fe*rik), a. [f. L. ferr-urn iron + -ic. Cf. F. ferrique .] 1 . Of, pertaining to, or extracted from iron. 1799 Sir H. Davy in Beddoes Contrib. to Phys. <$• Med. Knowl. (1799) 184 The argentic and ferric phosoxyds. 1852 Joubert in Jrnl. Soc. Arts 26 Nov., A ferric solution should be employed. 1885 S. Tromholt Aurora Borealis I. 285 The Aurora Borealis should be produced by the earth's entering into clouds of ferric dust. 2 . Chem. applied to compounds in which iron exists in its higher degree of valency, as ferric acid , a hypothetical acid H 2 FeO, assumed to exist in the salts called ferrates; ferric bromide FeBr 3 ; ferric chloride Fe Cl 3 ; feme fluoride Fe F 3 ; ferric oxide Fe 2 0 3 ; ferric sulphide Fe 2 S 3 . Also ferric state : see quot. 1881. 1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 214 Ferric Acid .. corresponding to manganic acid, is also unknown in the separate state. 1881 Times Jan. 3/6 The metal [iron] itself when in the ferric state, or state of highest combining power. 1882 Geikie Text-bk. Geol. n. 11. §6. 174 Precipitates, con¬ sisting. .partly of the hydrated ferric oxide. + Fe rrical, a. Obs. [f. as Ferric + -al.] Of or pertaining to iron. 1612 Sturtevant Metallica x. 72 The permanent, .instru¬ ments, and meanes which make up the Ferricall Furnace. Ibid, xl 78 Iron furnaces .. may be much reformed .. with small charges, hauing our Ferricall inuention suited to them. tFerricaTcite. Min. Ol>s. [f. L. ferri-. comb, form of ferrum iron + calc- Calx + -ite.] An older name for Cerite, formerly supposed erroneously to be a ‘ calx ’ or oxide of iron. 1794 Kirwan Min. I. no Species mixed with a notable proportion of iron y fcrricalcites. Ferrie, obs. Sc. form of Farrow v. Ferrier (fc*ri,3j). Also 5-7 Sc. feryare, fer- rear, -iour, 8, 9 ferryer. [f. Ferry v. + -er B] 1. = Ferryman. C1440 Promp. Pari'. 156/2 Feryare, pormeus. 1513 Douglas /Ends vi. v. 8 Thir riueris .. kepit war By ane Charon, a grislie ferriar. 1605 Stow Ann. 250 The ferrier and his wife deccesing, left the same ferrie to their daughter. 1752 J. B. Maccoll in Scots Mag. Aug. (1753' 400/1 He met Archibald Macinish ferrier. i860 All Year Round No. 55. 119 The ghosts, .have, .become.. ferriers. 1871 Browning Balaust. (1881) 45 The ferryer of the dead, Charon .. Calls me, 2 . dial. (See quot.) 1886 Chesh. Gloss., Ferrier , salt-mining term; one who ferries or conveys the rock salt from the workings to the shaft. Ferriferous (ferrferas), a. [f. L. ferr-um + -(i)ferous.] Producing or yielding iron ; ferrifer¬ ous rock , a rock containing iron ore. 1811 Pinkerton Petral. I. 486 This excellent mineralogist suspects [it) to be ferriferous carbonate of lime. 1871 Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. XII. 137 The fireclay under the ferriferous coal. 1883 Anthropological Jrnl. 322 Black heaps are more or less common in connection with certain ferriferous rocks. + Ferri fic, a. Obs. [f. 'L. ferr-um iron + -fle-us making : see -fic.] Iron-making ; iron-producing. 1671 Phil. Trans. VI. 2235 The Ferrijick (if we may be allow’d to frame such a word) or the Iron-making Principle. Hence 1753 in Chambers Cycl. Supp. t Ferrilite. Min. Obs. [f. L. ferr-um + -(i)lite.] = Rowley Rag. 1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 200 Again 50 Silex 30 Argil 15 Calx 5 Iron should I imagine give wacken. .and if the calx be eliminated, and in its place, iron substituted, ferrilite will result. 1804 Watt in Phil. Trans. XCIV. 281 note , Mr. Kirwan states the specific gravity of rowley rag, which he calls ferrHite, at 2.748. Ferrite (fe’roit). [f. L. ferr-um iron +-ite.] 1 . Min. a. 1 A name proposed by Vogelsang for the amorphous hydroxide of iron, which in red or yellow particles plays an important part in many rocks, and whose composition is as yet undeter¬ mined * (Dana Min. 1875 App. 11.). 1879 Rutley Stud. Rocks x. 167 Ferrite is amorphous red, brown, or yellow earthy matter. b. 1 An alteration product of chrysolite in the doleryte between Gleniffar and Boyleston near Glasgow, Scotland * (Dana Min. (1892) 455). 2 . Chem. A combination of ferric oxide with a metallic oxide more basic than itself, as barium ferrite , BaFe 2 0 4 ; calcium ferrite , CaFe 2 0 4 ; copper ferrite , CuFe 2 0 4 , etc. (Muir in Watts' Diet. Chem. 1889 II. 547). Ferrivorous (ferrvoras), a. nonce-wd. [f. L. ferr-um iron + -( i)vor-us -f -ous.] Feeding on iron. 1834 Southey Doctor cxxviii, This poor creature was really ferrivorous. Ferro- (few). 1 . Used as combining form of L. ferrum iron, chiefly Min. in the names of species containing iron, as ferro-calcite, a variety of calcite which contains carbonate of iron and turns brown on exposure (Dana 1S68) ; ferro-cobaltine, ferro- cobaltite, compounds of iron and cobalt; + ferro- columbite, a synonym of tantalite, columbic and tantalic acid being mistaken for each other (Shepard 1844) ; ferromagne tic #., ferromagnetism, ferromanganese, see quots.; ferrotellurite, a tellurite of iron formed as microscopic yellow crystals on quartz ; ferro-tungsten, iron contain¬ ing a certain percentage of tungsten. 1868 Dana Min. 678 Ferrocalcite. Ibid. 72 Ferrocobaltite. 1844 Shepard Min. 154 Ferrocolumbite. 1872-5 Clifford Led. (1879) 1 . 241 Faraday gives reasons for believing that all bodies are either ferromagnetic or diamagnetic. 1881 Maxwell Fledr. <$• Magn. II. 46 When the magnetiza¬ tion is in the same direction as the magnetic force .. the substance is called Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetic, or more simply Magnetic. 1850 W. Gregory Lett. Anim. Magnet. Pref. 15 Heat, light, electricity, and ferro-mag- netism. Ibid. Pref. j 6, I understand by Ferro magnetism almost the same as Dr. Faraday does by Para-magnetism; and I use the term in contradistinction to Vital or Animal Magnetism. 1881 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 352/1 The richer manganeisens (containing 15 per cent, and upward of man¬ ganese). .the term ‘ ferro-manganese ' being applied to these products. 1877 A mer. Jrnl. Sc. Ser. in. XIV. 424 Ferro - tellurite, a crystalline coating on quartz. 1881 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 352/1 Biermann of Hanover has prepared ferro- tungsten containing from 20 to 50 per cent, of tungsten and a few parts per cent, of manganese. 2 . Chem. Originally used with the general sense * containing iron *; but now applied to designate i ferrous * as opposed to * ferric’ compounds of iron : cf. Ferri-. t Terj:ocyiLna,te = Ferrocyanide (the distinction in quot. 1810-26 belongs to an obsolete theory of the structure of acids and salts). Ferro- cyanhydric or ferrocya’nic acid, a tetrabasic acid, II t Fe Cy 2 , forming a white crystalline powder. Ferrocyanide, a salt of ferrocyanhydric acid, as potassium ferrocyanide i popularly yellow prussiate of potash. Ferrocyanogen, the hypothetical radical Fe Cy 2 supposed to exist in ferrocyanides. f Ferropru ssiate = Ferrocyanide. + Ferro- pru'ssic acid = Ferrocyanhydric acid. 1810-26 Henry Elem. Chem. (1826) I. 461 The salt called triple prussiate (ferro-cyanate) of baryta. 1819 Children Chem. Anal. 327 Fcrrocyanic Acid : we are indebted to Mr. Porrett for the first correct ideas of this acid. 1810-26 Henry Elem. Chem. (1826) I. 463 The compound obtained is, therefore, no longer a prussiate or ferro-cyanate, but a ferro-cyanide. 1842 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces 51 This is washed with an acid, which then gives with ferro-cyanide of potassium, the prussian blue precipitate. 1869 Roscoe Elem. Chem. 377 By acting with potassium amalgam on an aqueous solution the ferricyanide is converted into ferro¬ cyanide. 1850 Daubeny Atom. Tit. vii. (ed. 2) 215 Cy 1 + iron 1 forms ferrocyanogen. 1876 Meldola in Encycl. Brit. V. 555/1 The group FeCy 0 is regarded as an acid radicle (ferrocyanogen), and a large number of its salts (ferro¬ cyanides) are known. Ferroso- (ferJ“*s0), Chem ., combining form of mod.L .ferrosus Ferrous. Only in fcrrosoferric oxide (see quots.). 1853 R. Hunt Man . Photography 55 That peculiar inter¬ mediate oxide to which the name of Ferroso-ferric has been given by Berzelius. 1870 J. T. Sprague in Eng. Mech. 11 Mar. 621/3 A natural substance, Ferrosoferric Oxide Fe ;1 Oi.. known as the loadstone. Ferrotype (fe-rtftaip). [fi Ferro- + Type.] 1 . ‘ A term applied by Mr. Robert Hunt, the discoverer, to some photographic processes in whicli the salts of iron are the principal agents ’ (Ogilv.). 1844 R. Hunt in 14 th Rep. Brit. Assoc. (1845) 11. 36 On the Ferrotype, and the Property of Sulphate of Iron in developing Photographic Images. 1845 A thenseum 22 Feb. 203 The Energiatype, or, as the discoverer now names the process, the Ferrotype. 2 . A process by which positive photographs are taken on thin iron plates ; a photograph so taken. Also attrib., as ferrotype plate, process. 1879 G. Prescott Sp. 't elephone 89 The ferrotype plate used by photographers. 1880 Times 5 Oct. 6/6 Ferrotypes .. so called from being done on thin iron instead of glass. b . =ferrotype plate. 1879 G. Prescott Sp. Telephone 274 Two small blocks of wood..one perforated for the mouth-piece and holding a ferrotype. Hence Tcrrotyper, one who takes photographs by the ferrotype process. Ferrour : see Ferrer. Ferrous (fe-ras), a. Chem. [f. L. ferr um iron + -OUS.] A term applied to compounds in which iron combines as a divalent, e.g. ferrous oxide, FeO, also called iron protoxide. c 1865 G. Gore in Circ. Sc. I. 199/2 Ferrous sulphate (protosulphate of iron). 1873 J. P. Cooke New Chem. 173 Ferrous and ferric sulphates .. correspond to ferrous and ferric oxides. 1876 Harley Mat. Med. 204 Iron forms with chlorine.. Ferrous chloride. Ferruginate (fenPdjin^t), v. [f. ~L.ferrugin-, ferr it go + -ate :i .] To give to (anything) the colour or properties of the rust of iron. Hence Ferrir- ginated ppl. a., in mod. Diets. Ferrugineous (fenidzi-nzos), a. [f. L. fer- ruginc-us (f. ferriigin-em iron rust) + -ous.] = Ferruginous in all senses. 1663 Bullokar, Ferrugineous , rusty, of an iron color. 1671 J. Webster Metallogr. xxviii. 350 It [Loadstone] is a hard Stone, ferrugineous, or irony. 1691 Ray Creation (1714) 87 Hence they [waters] are cold, hot .. ferrugineous, etc. 1750 G. Hughes Barbadoes it. 55 Stones .. containing, by their dusky ferrugineous Colour, probably much Iron. 1859 F arrar J. Home 108 Black as the ferrugineous ferry¬ boat of Charon. 1882 Garden 1 Apr. 212/1 The leaves .. are very ferrugineous beneath. Ferruginous (feni’djinos), a. [f. X.. femigin-, ferrugo iron rust (f. ferrum iron) +-ous. Cf. F. ferntgineux. The use 1 b, which exists also in Fr., is due to the word being referred directly to the L .ferrum, as if its formation were analogous to that of oleaginous , etc.] 1 . a. Originally: Of or pertaining to, of the nature of, iron rust; containing iron rust (said esp. of mineral springs, earths, etc.), b. Now com¬ monly : Of the nature of iron as a chemical ele¬ ment ; containing iron as a constituent. a 1661 Fuller Worthies , Bristol 111. 34 The Water thereof runneth through some Mineral of Iron, as appeareth by the rusty ferruginous taste. 1684 Boyle Mineral Waters Wks. 1772 IV. 798 Mineral waters, especially ferruginous ones. 1792 A. Young Trav. France 290 Franche Compte abounds with red ferruginous loams. 1807 T. Thomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 342 Ferruginous prussiate of potash. 1816 W. Smith Strata Ident. 12 Concreted by a ferruginous cement. 1834 Mrs. Somerville Connex. Phys. Sc. xxx. (1849) 35 2 A fer¬ ruginous body acquires polarity. 1871 Blackie Four Phases i. 122 The variations of the magnetic needle near ferruginous rocks. 1871 Daily News 21 Sept., A very insignificant fer¬ ruginous spring was the only one they came across. 2 . Resembling iron-rust in colour ; reddish brown. 1656 81 Blount Glossogr ., Ferruginous . .of the colour of rusty iron. 1766 Pennant Zool. (1768) I. 104 The whole upper part of the body is of a ferruginous color. 1789 Mills in Phil. Trans. LXXX. 93 The water .. tinges the sides of a ferruginous hue. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 462 Root- stock .. clothed with broad ferruginous scales. b. In the names of animals, plants or minerals. 1847 Craig, Ferruginous opal , or Jasper opal. 1861 Miss Pratt Flower PI. V. 95 Ferruginous Sallow. 1876 Smiles Sc. Natur. xv. (ed. 4) 259 The Ferruginous .. and the Eider duck visit the lock occasionally. Hence Perru g-inousness. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. Ferrular, -ule, var. ff. of Ferular, -ule. Ferrule, ferrel (fe ral), sb. Forms: 5 vyrell, 7-8 verrel, -il(l, 7-9 ferrel, -il, (7 ferrell), 8-9 ferule, 8- ferrule, [transformed (as if dim. of L. ferrum) from the older verrel , verril, vyrelle, ad. OF. virelle, virol (Fr. virole ), med.L. virola L. viriola, dim. of virix, pi. bracelets.] 1 . A ring or cap of metal put round the end of a stick, tube, etc. to strengthen it, or prevent splitting and wearing. 1611 Cotgr., Cartibes d'vn monlinet, the ferrels, or bands of yron whereby the ends of a windlesse are strengthened. 1685 I.ond. Gaz. No. 2054/4 A Joynt Cane, wrought with a Gold Head on it, and a Brass Ferril. 1709 F. Hauksbee Phys.-Mech. Exp. v. (1719) 104, I took a fine Glass Tube .. The upper Orifice had a Ferrel .. cemented on it. 1715 Kersey, Verrel or Verril, a little Brass or Iron ring, at the small end of a Cane, or Handle of a Tool, etc. 1794 W. FERRULE. 168 FERS. Felton Carriages (1801) I. 222 The dragstaff.. is made of strong ash, with iron ferrules on the ends. 1820 L. Hunt Indicator No. 33 (1822) I. 257 Instead of the brass ferrel poking in the inud. 1838 Dickens Nick. Nick, xxv, Produc¬ ing a fat green cotton one [umbrella] with a battered ferrule. 1844 Regul. <$• Ord. Army 10 The Lance of the Standards and Guidons to be nine feet long (spear and ferrel included). [So in i860 ; the word is not used in recent editions.] attrib. 1799 Spirit Pub. Journals (1800) III. 209 Taking especial care that the ferule end .. be sufficiently dirty. 2 . A ring; or band, usually either giving additional strength or holding the parts of anything together. 1632 Sherwood, Verrill, or iron band for a woodden toole, virole. 1708 Brit. Apollo No. 117. 4/2 Dropt .. a Cane .. with a Silver Ferril. 1726 Desaguliers in Phil. Trans. XXXIV. 79, I fix'd a Leaden Pipe .. of 2 Inches in the Bore, by means of 3 Ferrels, or short Communication-Pipes. 1730 Savery ibid. XXXVI. 298 The Glass Concave was fixed in the great End of a thin Brass Ferule. 1773 Ibid. LXII I.418, I cover this part of the tube with a brass verrel. 1832 Babbage Econ. Mann/, i. (ed. 3) 10 A glazier’s ap¬ prentice, when using a diamond set in a conical ferrule. 1855 Holden Hum. Osteol. (1878) 37 A broad and thick ferule of cartilage. 1859 Gullick & Timbs Paint. 296 Flat brushes, in German-silver ferules. 1867 J. Hogg Microsc. 1. i. 7 A handle of ebony, .is attached by a brass ferrule and two screws. 3 . ( Steam-engine.) *A bushing for expanding the end of a flue* (Webster). 4 . The frame of a slate. 1847-78 in Halliwell. 5 . Naut. 1823 Crabb, Ferrule, a small iron hook fixed on the ex¬ tremity of the yards, boom, etc. Ferrule, ferrel (fe-rol), V. Also 5 vyrell, 7- ferrel(l, S ferril. [f. prec.] trans. To fit or fur¬ nish with a ferrule. 1496 Bk. St. Albans , Fishing 8 Thenne vyrell the staffe at bothe endes wyth longe hopis of yron. 1670 Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1694) 89 The Staves..were headed and ferrelled with Silver. 1712 J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 196 Wooden Pipes .. are ferriled and girdled with Iron. 1787 Best Angling (ed. 2) 10 If you ferrel it [the rod], observe that they [pieces] fit. 1870 Thorn- bury Old Stories Re-told 247 To ferrule the pikes. Fe'rruled (fe-rald), ppl. a. [f. as prcc. + -ED 2 .] Provided with a ferrule. 1867 F. Francis Angling ix. (1880) 318 A spliced rod is very little heavier than a ferruled one two feet shorter. 1884 Pall Mall G. 23 Feb. 2/2 The feruled ends of dripping umbrellas. 1893 Westm. Gaz. 20 Mar. 8/3 Ferruled tubes having been put in, she [the Vulcan torpedo-deput-ship] has now realised the original expectations. Ferruminate (fer/ 7 -mintdt), v. Ohs. or arch. [f. L. ferrumindt-, ppl. stem of ferruminare to cement, f. ferrumen cement, f. ferrum iron.] trans. To cement, solder, unite. 1623 in Cockeram. a 1641 Bp. R. Mountagu Acts y Mon. (1642) 281 A course directly tending to break asunder that which he intended to ferruminate and to foment. 1650 Charleton Paradoxes Prol. 23 The Terrestriall Atonies are fixed, coagmentated, and ferruminated into a solid Con¬ cretion. 1657 ’Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 399* The flave [Boras] is best for ferruminating gold. fig. 1819 Coleridge Lit. Rem. (1836) II. 275 Other pas¬ sages ferruminated by Jonson from Seneca's tragedies. Ferrumination (fewmin^-Jan). Ohs. or arch. [ad. L. ferrumination-em, n. of action f. ferriimi- ndre ; see prec.] The action of cementing together. 1612 Woodall Surg. Male Wks. (1653) 271 Ferrumination is the joyning together of a fracture in one and the same Metal, .by a Mineral flux. ^ 1657 Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 124 It helps the ferrumination of broken bones. Jig. 1817 Coleridge Biog. Lit. 10 ,1 mention this by way of elucidating one of the most ordinary processes in the ferrumination of these centos. F err up (fe’rrtp). Ohs. exc. dial. Used in ex¬ clamations, f what a ferr up, what the ferrups ( = ‘ what the deuce’), by the ferrups. 1679 Dryden Tr. c[- Cr. in. ii, But up, and vanish; they are coming out: What a ferrup, will you play when the dance is done? c i860 Staton Raysfro' t/i Loomenary 38 Nay by the ferrups. 1865 Miss Laiiee Betty o' Ycps Tale (1870) 20 Whoy, what the ferrups don yo myen? Ferrur, var. of Ferrer Ohs. + Fe •rrure. Obs.—° [a. Fr. ferrure, f. ferrer to shoe (horses)L. ferrdre, f. ferrum iron.] Horse-shoeing, farriery. 1692-1732 in Coles. 1773 in Ash. + Fe 'rrurie. Ohs. rare. Also ferrurye. [f. ferrour , Ferrer + -y 3 .] = Farriery. 1601 F. Tate llouseh. Ord. Edw. II § 56 (T876) 42 A yallet carnauer that hath knoledge in marshausy & ferrurie. Ferry (fe’ri), jiM Forms : 5 ferrye, 5-6 fery(e, 6 ferrie, 5- ferry, [f. the vb.; its late appearance seems to exclude the supposition that it is a. ON. ferja of equivalent formation. Cf. Du. veer, MHG. vl’. re, ver, mod.G. fdhre in same sense.] 11 . A passage or crossing. Ohs. r 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vm. xl. 143 At )>e Ferry of Jie Hill fiai mete. 2 . esp. A passage or place where boats passover a river, etc. to transport passengers and goods. c 1440 Promp. Parri. 156/2 Fery over a watyr. C1470 Henry Wallace 1. 285 Besyd Landoris the ferrye our thai past. 1535 Coverdale Judg. iii. 28 They folowed him, & wanne y° ferye of Iordane. 1538 Leland Itin. I. 31 There be 4.. Placis namid as ferys apon the Water of Lindis. 1611 Coryat Crudities 20 The ferry where we were transported into the lie of France. 1775 Wyndham Tour lPales 42 Just above the ferry is the seat of Mr. Vernon. 1825 J. Neal Bro. Jonathan II. 95 We blow, .when we come nigh the taverns, .or post offices, or ferries. 3 . Provision for the conveyance of passengers, etc. by boat from one shore to the other. c 1489 Caxton Blauchardyn viii. 33 The knight of the Ferry attended to receiue him. 1700 Mod. Lain Reports in. 294 The Defendant had petitioned the king to destroy the Ferry. 1847 Mrs. A. Ki?rr Hist. Serbia x. 193 Not to interfere with the ferry of Poscharewaz. 1892 Gardiner Student's Hist. Eng. 20 A ferry was established where London Bridge now stands. Jig. 1850 Carlyle Latter-d. Pamph. v. 32 We have all of us our ferries in this world. + b. = Ferry-boat. Obs . 1590 Spenser F. Q. ii. vi. 19 She soon to hand Her ferry brought. 1596 Shaks. Merch. V. in. iv. 53 Bring them I pray thee, .to the common Ferrie Which trades to Venice. 1701 Loud. Gaz. No. 3722/1 The French had sunk divers Ferries and other Boats in the River. 1798 R. P. Tour in Wales 24 (MS.) We here engaged a ferry over the Wye. 4 . Law. The right of ferrying men and animals across a river, etc., and of levying toll for so doing. 1721 Tcrmes de la Ley 344 Ferry, is a Liberty by Prescrip¬ tion, or the Kings Grant. 1708 Shower Reports 257 If a Ferry were granted at this Day, he that accepts such Grant, is bound to keep a Boat for the Publick Good. 1843 Meeson & Welsby Exchequer Reports X. 161 The defend¬ ants..were possessed of a certain ferry across .. the River Mersey. 1862 Law Reports XXXI. Common PI. 247 The plaintiffs are the lessees of an ancient ferry. 5 . attrib. and Comb. a. Chiefly attributive, as ferry-boy, -craft, -place, -pole, -receipts, —service, -warden , -way. 1812 Examiner 21 Dec. 816/2 James Dean, a *ferry-boy. c 1470 Henry Wallace ix. 1306 For *fery craft na fraucht he thocht to crawe. c 1440 Promp. Par7>. 156/2 *Fery place. 1665 Pepys Diary (1879) III. T93 Mr. Carteret and I to the ferry-place at Greenwich. 1806 Sporting Mag. XXVII. 173 The ferry-place at Portsea. a 1661 Holyoay Juvenal 23 There are. .A *ferry-poal, and frogs in Stygian waves. 1858 J. B. Norton Topics 186 The surplus *ferry receipts .. are .. given up by the State. 1892 Pall Mall G. 23 Feb. 3/3 It is proposed to build a pier here, and. .to establish a Terry service. 1576 A ci 18 Eliz. c. 10 § 10 The said* Ferry-warden. 1884 Harper's Mag. Oct. 809/1 The town voted to discon¬ tinue the *ferryway and the ferry. b. Special comb., as ferry-bridge (see quot.) ; ferry-flat, U.S. a flat boat used for crossing (and sometimes descending) rivers ; ferry-house, the residence of a ferry-man, also attrib .; f ferry-look (see quot.) ; ferry-louper, one who has crossed from the mainland, Orkn .; ferry-master, U.S. a person in charge of a ferry; also, one who collects the tolls at a ferry ( Cent. Diet .); ferry-nab (see quot.) ; ferry-railway (see quot.). Also Ferry-boat, Ferry-man. 1874 Knight Diet. Mcch., * Ferry-bridge, a form of ferry¬ boat in which the railway-train moves on to the elevated deck, is transported across the water and then lands upon the other side. 1828 Flint Mississippi Valley 1 . 230 The Terry flat is a scow-boat. 1838 Dickens O. Twist xxi, There was a light in the Terry-house window. 1862 H. Marryat Year in Sweden II. 329 A ferryhouse stretches out like a sickle in the blue sea. 1769 Dc I'oe's Tour Gt. Brit. I. 153 [The keeper of this ferry has the right] to dredge for Oysters within the compass of his *Ferry-look which extends .. 60 Fathoms, on each Side of the Castle. 1868 D. Gorrie Siimrn. <5- Wint. Orkneys iv. 143 This mis¬ guided man was a Terry-louper. 1883 All YearRoundiq May 465 Shouts [came] for a boat, as if from the * ferry-nab, or point, on the other side. 1847 Knight Diet. Mech., * Ferry-railway, one whose track is on the bottom of the watercourse and whose carriage has an elevated deck which supports the train. 1 Fe rry, sb. 2 Coohery. Obs. [Etymology un¬ known ; OF. had ‘ pain fere ’, explained by Godef. as 1 bread for a festival ’.] More fully, Caudle ferry ; A kind of spiced drink made with wine and eggs. Also app. some kind of sauce. 1 c 1390 Form Cury xli. 27 Cmodel ferry. Take floer of Payndemayn and gode wyne, etc. c 1475 Noble Ilk. Cookry (1882) 32 Cawdelle ferry. Tak clene yolks of egge welle betene, etc. 1504 in Leland Collect. VI. 21 Carpe In ferry. Ferry (fe’ri), v. Forms; 1 ferian, feris(e)an, 2-3 ferien, 4-5 fery, fere, 6 ferrie, 6- ferry. Also 3-4 verie(n, (5 veryen). [OE. ferian — OHG. feren, ON. ferja, Goth, farjan OTeut. *farjan, l.far-o m : see Fare jA] + 1 . trails. To carry, convey, transport, take from one place to another. Obs. Beowulf 333 (Gr.) Hwanon ferijeaS £e faitte scyldas ? a 1000 Elene 108 (Gr.) Heht. .wi^end..Jiset halite treo him beforan ferian. c ri75 Lamb. Horn, in yif he 3eher-godne moil fereS to buriene. c 1205 Lay. 10559 He uerde for 5 in sae uereden hine vSen. a 1300 Seven Sins 42 in E. E. P. (1862) 19 pe fend him deriip . and is soul to helle he feriijj. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 1790 }>e kyng .. watz ka3t by pe lieles, Feryed out hi pe fete. 1583 Stubbes Anal. Abus. 11. (1882) 82 We. .ferrie it to the deni!. 2 . esp . To transport or convey over water (now only over a stream, canal, etc., formerly also over the sea) in a boat or ship, etc. Often to ferry (a person, etc.) over or across . a 1000 Andreas 293 (Gr.) We fie .. willacS feri^an freolice ofer fisces ba;$. a 1000 Riddles xv. 7 (Gr.) Mec .. mere- 11 engestfere 5 ofer flodas. 1587 F. James in Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 199 For ferrienge oure horses .. from Lambeth .. 6 d. 1602 Fulbecke 2nd Pt. Parall. 21 In this case without ferrying ouer the horse there was nothing due vnto the bargeman. 1609 Heywood Brit. Troy v. xi. 6 Charon is tyr’d, with ferring soules to hell. 1701 Lond. Gaz. No. 3722/2 Before night almost half of them were ferried over. 1784 Cowper Task 11. 38 They themselves once ferried o’er the wave .. are emancipate and loosed. 1822 Hazlitt Table-t. II. iii. 45 A girl who had ferried me over the Severn. 1877 Miss Yonge Cameos IV. i. 15 He was ferried to the French bank. absol. 1457 Nottingham Rec. II. 365 Peid to Tomas Smyth, for fereyng v. days at y° Bryges. 1843 Marryat M. Violet xliv, The owner of a ferry, .ferries only when he chooses. b. To work (a boat, etc.) across or over. 1771 Mrs. Griffith tr. Viand's Shipwreck 92 The rotten canoe, that he had however contrived to ferry over. 1854 J. S. C. Abbott Napolcoii (1855) H. xv. 281 He promised a napoleon to every boat which was ferried across. c. Of a vessel: To serve as a ferry-boat over. 1872 W. F. Butler Great Lone Land iv. (1875) 55 A steamer ferries the broad swift-running stream. 3 . intr. for refl . To convey oneself, go ; now only, to pass over water in a boat or by a ferry. Of a boat: To pass to and fro. a 1000 Byrhtnoth 179 (Gr.) p?et min sawul to fie si’Sian mote, .mid friSe ferian. c 1380 Wyclif Scrm. Sel. Wks. II. 178 Crist seide to hem verie we over fie water, c 1450 Lone- licii Grail 1 . 176 In to here schippe forto take him, forto veryen ouer that lake. 1589 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 30 She sayling to Styx, thow ferriest ouer to Phlegeton. 1600 Holland Livy v. i. (1609) 1383 note. They that would goe to it, used to ferry over in small punts or whirries. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. 6' Commw. 631 Upon these waters doe ferry fiftie thousand Boats, .to serve the use of the Citie. 1787 Burns Verse , When death's dark stream I ferry o’er. 1833 Lamb Elia (i860) 267 It irks me to think that, .thou shouldst ferry over .. in crazy Stygian wherry. 1836 T. Hook G. Gurney III. 333, I intended to remain until the weather cleared before I ferried back. 1887 L. Oliphant Episodes 72, I ferried across it. + b. fig* Do ferry over: to pass over, pretermit. 1477 J. Paston in Paston Lett. No. 787 III. 175, I may not wryght longe, wherffor I fiery over all thyngs tyll I may awayte on you my selff. Ferryable (fe-riiabl), a. [f. prec. +-able.] Of a water; That may be crossed in a ferry-boat. 1888 Blackw. Mag. Aug. 242 A place., on the Indus, where it is fordable or ferryable. Fe rry-boat. [f. Ferry sb. + Boat.] A boat used for conveying passengers, etc. across a ferry. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 156/2 Fery boot, portemia. 1458 Nottingham Rec. II. 220, xs. xn]d. receptis de proficuis de ferybotes de tempore. 1580 Barf.t Alv. B. 895 A ferry boate to cary ouer horses. 1644 Evelyn Mem. (1819) I. 123 The Tiber.. I crossed in a ferry-boate. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 322 One large float with sides to it, like a punt or ferry boat. 1811 Wellington in Gurw. Desp. VII. 418, I shall pay the proprietor of the ferryboats any reasonable sum for the time. 1858 W. Ellis Visits Mada¬ gascar viii. 215 A windlass for the large ferry-boat. Ferrying (fe’ri|ig\ vbl. sb. [f. Ferry v. + -ing l .] The action of the vb. Ferry ; an instance of the same. Also attrib., as ferryingfec, station. 1873 A. W. Ward tr. Curtins' Hist. Greece I. 11. ii. 311 The ‘ Parali’ lived by .. ferrying .. and fishing. 1879 J. Todhunter Alcestis 47 Methought I waited. .For Charon’s dismal ferrying. 1887 Pall Mall G. 8 Mar. 4/2 The. .fisher- folk .. would practically be deprived of the ferrying-fees between the steamers and the grotto. 1873 A. W. Ward tr. Curtins' Hist. Greece 1 .11. i. 271 A mere ferrying station. Ferrying (fe - ri|iij),///. a. [f. as prec. + -ing 2 .] That ferries. a 1683 Oldham Poet. IVks. (16S6) 55 Ferrying Cowls Religious Pilgrims bore, O’er waves without the help of Sail, or Oar. Ferryman, [f. Ferry sb. 4 Man.] One who keeps or looks after a ferry. 1464 Mann. < 5 - Househ. Exp. 162 [I] payd to the ferry- manes wyfle. .xij. d. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Dk. Clarence xxxiv, As wise as Goose the fery man. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. 134 Charon grim Ferri-man, these streames doth guard. 1753 Hanway Trav. (1762) I. 11. xii. 55 The ferry-man began to be insolent. 1833 Ht. Martineau Talc of Tyne i. 1 He was a pretty ferryman to let a passenger stand calling for his boat. 1878 B. Taylor Deukalion 1. iv. 35 The ancient ferryman of Hades. attrib. 1801 M. G. Lewis in Talcs of Wond. I. No. 1. 7 The ferryman-fiend. t Fers. Chess. Obs. Also 5 fiers, 6 ferse, 7 feers. [a. OF. fierce, ficrchc, ficrge (in med.L. fercia, farzia), ad. (ultimately) Pers. ferzen, Arab. Jjf firzan, also j^s ferz. The I’ers. word means ‘ wise man ‘ counsellor ’.] 1 . The piece now known as the queen. c 1369 Chaucer Dcthc Blaunchc 654 She stal on me and took my fers And whan I saw my fers aweye Alas I I couthe no lenger pleye. a 1547 Surrey in TottelVs Misc. (Arb.) 21 And when your ferse is had, And all your warre is done. 1663-76 Bullokar, Fers, the Queen at Chess-play. 2 . A pawn which has passed to the eighth square (see quot.). 1474 Caxton Chesse iv. vii. (i860) Liv, He may not goo on neyther side til he hath been in the fardest ligne of theschequer, & that he hath taken the nature of the draughtes of the queue; & than he is a fiers. 3 . The ferses twelve : according to Prof. Skeat, all the men exc. the king (the bishops, knights, and rooks, being counted as one each). c 1369 Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 723 Thogh ye had lost the ferses twelve. [1671 Skinner, Fers, Feers, Feerses, men at Chess. 1692-1732 in Coles.] Fers, obs. f. Farce v., Fierce a., Furze, Verse, FERSE 169 FERVENCE. t Ferse, v. Obs. Forms : i feorsian, fyrsian, 3 fersien, flrsin, fursen, Orm. ferrsenn. [OE. feorsian, fyrsian, f. feor. Far.] trails. To remove, put at a distance; hence, to forsake; with rcfl. pron. as o/j. to withdraw, go away. c IOOO Ags. Ps. (Lamb.) Ixxii[i], 27 (Toller) Da 3 e fyrsiaj) his fram Se. 01200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 205. Fersien hit fro him swo hat he it nabbe. c 1200 Ormin 19663 Nohht ne birrj) |>e ferrsenn be Ne Hen fra b e 35ni off tune, a 1223 Auer. A. 76 He furseS him awei urommard ure stefne. a 1225 Juliana 16 Ne schal me firsin him from now 3 er deouel ne mon. Fersie, obs. Sc. form of Farcy. 1598 D. Fergusson Scot. Prov. (1785) 12 Fire is good for the fersie. a 1605 Montgomerie Fly ting- 70 . Pohvart 305 The fersie, the falling-euill, that fels manie freikes. Ferte, var. of Fart sb. 2. 1565-73 CoorER Thesaurus, Scrildita, a delicate meate of paste stuffed and wounded like a rope : a ferte of Portugall. I Fertee. 06 s .- 1 [a. OF. ferte=Vx. fertat, fertat L. feritat-em, i.ferus fierce.] Fierceness. c 1380 Sir Fcrumb. 664 Firumbras )>e hefiene kyng was a man of gret fertee. Fe rter, v. Obs. [f. ME. fertre shrine: see Feretory.] trans. To put in a shrine, enshrine. 01325 Metr. Horn. 143 He ..bar thir bannes menskelye And fertered thaim at a nunrye. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6995 And (>are he fertird )>aim [banes] in hy. Ferth, obs. form of Fourth. Ferther, obs. form of Further. t Fertilage. Obs. [f. Fertile + -age.] The action or process of fertilizing. 1610 W. Folkingham Art of Survey i. viii. 15 Fertilage consists in the enriching of the Soyle. 1688 R. Holme Armoury tit. 333/2 Fertilage is an enriching of Soil. Fertile (fsutil, -toil'', a. Forms: 5-6 fertyl(e, -yll, 7-8 fertil(l, (6 fartyll, 6-7 firtile, -ill, 7 furtill, fertle), 5- fertile, [a. OF. fertil (Fr. fertile =Pr. fertil) , ad. L .fertilis, i.ferre to bear.] 1 . Bearing or producing in abundance; fruitful, prolific. Const, of, in, rarely + to. a. lit. of the soil, a district or region, rarely of animals. c 1460 Fortescue Abs. <(- Lint. Mon. iii, Dwellyn that in on the most fertile reaume of the worlde. 1484 Caxton AlsoP v. viii, This yere shalle be the .. moost fertyle of alle maner of come. 1581 Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 62 The firtilest ground must bee manured. 1624 Capt. Smith Vir¬ ginia iii. xi. 87 The ground was .. exceeding furtill. 1785 Sarah Fielding Ophelia II. ix, A soil..not. fertile of any thing but weeds. 1832 Ht. Martineau Life in Wilds i. 3 The plains .. are fertile in native plants. 1853 C. Bronte Villette xv, These September suns shone, .on fertile plains, b. transf and fig. 1481 Caxton Myrr. 11. iv. 68 It [Probane, Ceylon] is moche plenteuous of gold and syluer and moche fertyle of other thynges. 1603 Drayton Odes ii. 43 That Spray to fame so fertle, The Louer-crowning Mirtle. 1730 A. Gordon Maffei's Amphith. 23 Augustus ..being of a fertile and jovial Disposition. 1791 Gentl. Mag. 26/2 The offspring of his fertile imagination. 1819 T. Jefferson Autobiog. Wks. 1859 I* 121 He was..fertile in resources. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. 1 . 216 One family, singularly fertile of great men. 1869 F reeman Norm. Coni/. (1876) III. xiv. 335 England was. .a land fertile in warriors. 2 . Causing or tending to promote fertility. 1597 l^ p * Hall Sat. 1. ii, The coole streame that tooke his endles name, From out the fertile hoofe of winged steed. 1621 Burton Anal. Mel. 11. ii. iii. 248 The Brise.. most pleasant and fertile. 1657 Austen Fruit Trees 1. 71 Lay Pigeons dung.. (or the like stuffe, that is very hot, and fertill) to the roots. 1847 Em erson Poems % Wks. (Bohn) I. 485 They thank the spring-flood for its fertile slime. fig. 1596 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, iv. iii. 131 With .. good store of Fertile Sherris. f 3 . Copiously produced, abundant. Obs. 1601 Shaks. Tiuel. N. 1. v. 274 01 . How does he loue me? Vio. With adorations, fertill teares. 1667 Milton P. L. ix. 801 Shall, .the fertil burden ease Of thy full branches. 4 . Comb. fertile-fresh ct.> having luxuriant foliage; fertile-headed. a. y (a) many headed; (b) rich in expedients. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. v. v. 72 Greene let it be, More fertile-fresh then all the Field to see. 1632 Massinger & Field Fatal Dowry 1. i, Cerberus, .loud and fertile-headed. x 754 J*SHEBBEAREyl/rt/r/w^«y(i766)I.23oThe fertile-headed Woman, .whipt a ten-peck Bag over her Gallant’s Head. Hence + Fe rtile v. Obs.— 1 —Fertilize v. ; Fe rtilely adv .; Fe rtileness rare = Fertility. 1580 Sidney Arcadia (1622) 155 Who .. could not but fertilly requite his fathers fatherly education. 1581 — Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 19 The fertilnes of the Italian wit. 1613 Markham Fug. Hush. 11. 1. v. (1635) 27 According to the fertilenesse of the soyle in which they grow. 1627-47 Feltham Resolves 1. lxxxi. 252 He that hopes too much shall coozen himself at last; especially if his industry goes not along to fertile it. 1661-6 Wood City of Oxford (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 395 The meedes adjoyning are fertilly soyled. t Fe'rtilent, a. Sc. 06 s .- 1 [f. prec. after analogy of opulent,pestilent.] Abundant, plentiful. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 553 Paljeonis .. Quhilk furneist war rycht riche and fertilent, With gold and siluer. t FertiTitate, v. Obs. [f. next,after debilitate] trans. To render fertile, fertilize. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1638) 193 A sweet rivolet playes .. through the Towne, fertilitating the .. Gardens. 1650 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Fp. iii. xxviii. (ed. 2) 151 A Cock will in one day fertilitate the whole.. cluster of egges. Hence + Ferti litating///. a. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Fp. vii. vii. 352 From whence ..wee cannot inferre a fertilitating [printed fertiliating; corrected in ed. 1658] condition or property of fecundation. VOL. IV. Fertility (fsJtiliti). Forms : 5 fertylyte, 6-8 fertilitie, -illity(e, (fortylite), 6- fertility, [a. Fr .fertility, ad. L .fertilitdt-em, f. fertilis Fertile.] The quality of being fertile; fecundity, fruitful¬ ness, productiveness, a. lit. of the soil, a region, etc.; also of plants and animals. 1490 Caxton Eneydos xxv. 92 The troienne folke multy- plied. .in grete quantite. .for the fertylyte of the grounde. 1538 Starkey England 1. i. 12 Maruelous culture and Fortylite. £1610-15 Women Saints (1886) 189 The first fruite of our mothers fertililie. 18x8 Byron Cn. Har. iv. xxvi, Thy waste More rich than other climes’ fertility. 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. iv. (1873) 75 The fertility of this clover absolutely depends on bees visiting the flowers. b. transf. and/?£*. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. 103 Such iarres proceeded from their fertility of Gods, differing in each seuerall iurisdiction. 1666 Dryden Ann. Mirab. Let. to Sir R. Howard, The quickness of the Imagination is seen in the invention; the fertility in the Fancy. 1750 Johnson Rambler No. 75 P 4, I found some .. fertility of fancy. 1802 Playfair lllustr. JIntton. Th. 495 All the fertility of his invention. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 637 Halifax .. in fertility of thought.. had no rival. 1878 Bosvv. Smith Carthage 136 Himilco. .was a man. .of fertility of resource. c. pi. Productive powers. 1626-7 Ld. Falkland in A bp. Usshcrs Lett. (1686) 379 A general .. valluation of the different Fertilities. 1708 Swift Sacram. Test. Wks. (1778) IV. 219 The fertilities of the soil. 1868 Rogers Pol. Econ. xii. (1876) 164 Ground- rent, .is a payment made for a particular site because it has certain conveniences, productive powers, or .. fertilities, which another site, .would not possess. Fertilizable (fautibuzab’l), a. Also -isable. [f. Fertilize + -able. Cf. V. ferlilisable.] a. Of land, etc.: Capable of being fertilized, b. Of the female, or an ovum : Susceptible of impregnation. 1832 R. Mudif. Bot. Annual 140 The ovary is the..im¬ portant part of the fertilizable organ. 1877 Huxley Anal. Jnv. Anim.xW. 446 The perfect fertilisahle female. 1880 Burton Reign Q. Anne III. xviii. 197 Unfertile but fertil- isable clay. Fertilization (fsutibiz^-Jbn). Also -isation. [n. of action f. as prec. + -ation ; cf. F. fertilisa¬ tion.] The action or process of rendering fertile. x863 J. G. Murphy Comm. Gen. xii. 11 The two sides of the Nile, its fertilization by a natural cause. b. spec. Biol. Fecundation ; see Fertilize 2 . 1857 Whewell Hist. Induct. Sc. III. 223 The fertilization of the date-palms. 1862 Darwin Fertil. Orchids i. 33 These species.. require the aid of insects for their fertilization. 1882 Vines Sachs' Bot. 525 The first manifest result of fertilisation in the oospore is the division of its nucleus. Hence IV r tilizational a., of or pertaining to fertilization. 1888 T. T. Gulick in Linn. Soc. Jml. XX. 233 ,1 venture to call this principle Fertilizational Segregation. Fertilize (fautibiz), v. [f. Fertile + -ize.] 1 . trans. To make fertile ; to enrich (the soil). 1648 W. Mountague Devout Ess . i. xi. § i. 128 Our earth needs no rain to fall upon it. .to fertilize it. 1760 Derrick Lett. (1767) I. 97 He. .fertilised bogs, and cultivated barren sands, i860 Motley Netherl. (1868) I. i. 8 Three great rivers which had fertilized happier portions of Europe. b. gen. To render productive, lit. and fig. 1828 Mackintoshes'/. Ho. Comm. 2 May Wks. 1846 III. 487 The members of the Legislature .. attempted to exclude all the industry, .of other countries from flowing in to enrich and fertilise their shores. 1866 Liddon Bampt. Led. v. (1875) 225 Intense religious conviction fertilizes intellect. 1868 Peard Water-Farm. ii. 11 Can nothing be done to fertilise the vast majority of our streams ? 2 . Biol. To make (an ovum, an oospore, a female individual or organ) fruitful hy the introduction of the male element; to fecundate. Chiefly Bot .; in Zoology common with reference to ova, but otherwise rare. 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. iv. (1873') 79, T have not found a single terrestrial animal which can fertilize itself. 1861 Delamer FI. Card. 145 If .. the Moss Rose .. is fertilized with Rosa Gallica, interesting hybrids, are the result. 1879 Lubbock Sci. Led. i. 8 It is a great advantage .. that the flower should be fertilised hy pollen from a different stock. Hence Fertilized ppl. a. Fe’rtilizing vbl. sb . 9 also attrib. Fe-rtilizing///. a. 1651 R. Child in Hartlib's Legacy (1655) 34 In other places they have a like fertilizing fatnesse. 1655 I n Hartlib's Legacy 193 A rich earth for Compost worth twenty shillings a load at the least for the fertilizing of land. 1807 Crabbe Par. Reg. iii. 275 Fertilizing showers. 1849 J. F. W. Johnston Exper. Agric. vii. 118 Gypsum has a remarkably fertilising effect when applied to certain crops on certain soils. 1868 Pf.ard Water-Farm. v. 54 A tiny fish creeps from each fertilised egg. 1884 Athen&uin 12 Jan. 49/3 The author attributes the supply of fertilizing mud in Egypt to the White Nile. Fertilizer (b'Jtibizai). [f. prec. + -ER 1 .] 1 . One who or that which fertilizes (land). a 1661 Fuller Worthies, Kent 11. (1662) 57 Saint-foime, or Holy-hay .. being found to he a great Fertilizer of Barren- ground. 1794 Sullivan View Nat. I. 377 The agency of snow as a fertilizer. 1815 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. XXXVIII. 500 The torrent, now the fertilizer, now the ravager of districts. 1872 Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. Ixy. II The march of Jehovah, the Fertiliser, may he traced by the abundance which he creates. b. said esp. of manures. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Prod. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 61 Nitrate of potash .. when employed as a fertilizer, is generally sown by hand. attrib. 1893 Ad 56 <$• 57 Vid. c. 56 (title) The Fertilisers and Feeding Stuffs Act. 2 . An agent of fertilization in plants. 1844 Darwin in Life y Lett. (1887) II. 30 Flies are good fertilizers. 1880 A. R. Wallace 1 st. Life 473 Suitable fertilisers and other favourable conditions. Fertlet, obs. var. of Firlot. Ferula ; feTb/la). [a. L. ferula giant fennel, a rod.] 1 . Bot. A genus of plants ; the giant fennel. 1398 T revisa Barth. Dc P. R. xvii. Ixxi. (1495) 645 Ferula is an herbe. 1562 Turner Herbal 11.1 b, The nature of Ferula is the sorest enemie that can he to Lampreys. 1693 Sir T. P. Blount Nat. Hist. 465 Vossius .. affirms them to he Arborescent Ferula’s. 1811 A. T. Thomson Loud. Disp. (1818) 175 This species of ferula is a native of.. Persia. 1868 Mrs. H. L. Evans Wint. in Algeria 25 The beautiful feathery leaf of the ferula. 2 . From the use of the fennel-stalk in Roman times : A cane, rod, or other instrument of punish¬ ment, esp. a flat piece of wood (see Ferule 2 quot. 1825) ; fig. school discipline. 1580 North Plutarch (1676) 612 Many, .do put forth their hands to be stricken, .with the ferula. 1612 Brinsley Lud. Lit. xix. (1627) 215, I have laboured and striven hy ferula, and all meanes of severity. 1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 123 We .. had Ferula’s made to punish Swearing. 1840 P. Parley's Ann. 316 They had never known the infliction of chastisement from either cane or ferula. 1851 Carlyle Sterling 1. iv. (1872) 27 His ever-changing course .. which was passed so nomadically under ferulas of various colour. 3 . Surg. A long splint. 1688 R. Holme Armoury iii. 444. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. Perulaceous (fedwl^’ps), a. [f.h./eruldce-ns (f. feml-a giant fennel) + -ous : see -aceous ] Re¬ sembling the ferula ; having a stalk like a ferula. 1657 Phys. Did ., Ferulaceous, like the herb ferula. 1691 Ray Creation 1. (1692) 194 These [Fountain] Trees are of the Ferulaceous kind. 1755 Porter in Phil. Trans. XLIX. 253 The asa feetida is drawn from a ferulaceous plant. Ferula-ic, fe’rulic, a. Client, [f. Ferula + -ic.] In FeruKa'jic acid: see quot. 1876 Harley Mat. Med. 598 The resin [Assafoetida]. .con¬ tains ferulaic acid, C10H10 O4, which forms iridescent prisms. 1879 Watts Diet. Client. 3rd Suppl., Femlic acid. t Fe'rular. Ol>s. Also 7 ferrular, feriler, -uler. [ad. L. feruldr-is of or belonging to the giant fennel.] = Ferula 2. 1594 O. B. Quest. Prof table Concernings K iv a, A Feruler to admonish them with. 1600 Abp. Abbot Exp. Jonah 364 The wicked are the worse when they are under the ferular. 1644 Milton Areop. 20 What advantage is it to he a man.. if we have only scapt the ferular, to come under the fescu of an Imprimatur? 1688 R. Holme Armoury iii. 312/1 The Ferrular is an Instrument used hy School-Masters to correct their Scholars. 1706 in Phillips (ed. Kersey). 1775 in Ash. Ferule (fe'rbd), sb. Also 6 ferrall 6-7 ferul(l. [ad. L . ferul-a : see Ferula.] 1 . = Ferula 1. Also a plant or stalk of it. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. l 1049 Take ferules eke or saly twigges take. 1589 Fleming Bucol. Virg. x. 30 Syluanus . .came. .Shaking his flouring feruls. 1620 Brinsley Virg. Eclog. 95 The ferule is a. .big herbe like vnto fennel giant. 2 . = Ferula 2. 1599 f* p - Hall Sat. iv. i. 169 My rimes relish of the ferule still. 1636 B. Jonson Discov. (1641) 115 From the rodde, or ferule, I would have them free, a 1656 Bp. Hai.l Rem. Whs. (1660)304 Whilst he was under the ferule. 1825 Hone E7'ery-day Bk. I. 967 The ferule .. was a sort of flat ruler, widened at the inflicting end into a shape resembling a pear .. with a .. hole in the middle, to raise blisters. 1850 W. Irving Goldsmith i. 23 He resumed the ferule. 1875 Farrar Seekers 1. ii. 24 To learn at the point of the ferule—trash. 3 . attrib. and Comb., as + ferule-rod ; + ferule- fingered a., whose fingers are liable to the ferule. 1528 Impeachm. Wolsey 192 in Furnivall Ball. I. 358 Be ware of the Ferrall Rodde ! 1620 Bp. Hall Hon. Mar. Clergy 127 Those ancient ferule-fingred Boy-Popes. Ferule, var of Ferrule sb. and v. Ferule (fe’rhd), v. Also 6 ferrule, [f. prec.] trans. To beat, strike, with a ferule. 1579 Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 24, I shoulde. .bee Ferruled for my faulte. 1873 Channing in Salt Thoreau (1890) 26 So he did. .by feruling six of his pupils. 1878 Mrs. Stowe Poganuc P. xiv. 121 To ferule, .disorderly scholars. Feruler, var. of Ferular. t Fe’rvefy, v. Ohs. rare. [ad. L. fervefaccre, f. fervere to boil: see -fy.] trans. To make boiling hot. Hence Fe’rvefied ppl. a. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. PJiysicke 27/2 Cause then your Armes. .with a fervefyede clothe to he. .rubbed. Ibid. 65/2 Take a Horseshoe, and fervefye the same. 1657 Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 159* To fervefy or decoct. + Fe •rvence. Obs. Also 5 farvence, vervens. [a. OF .fervence, as if ad. L. *ferventia, i.fervent- em: see Fervent and -ence.] 1 . boiling or glowing heat. Also, Violent ebul¬ lition, fermentation. 14.. L ydg. Temple of Glas 356 For J/ou^e I brenne with feruence and with liete, Wib-in myn hert 1 mot complein of cold. £1420 Pallad. on Husb. xi. 411 Of fynest must in oon metrete Or it he atte the state of his fervence. 1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 429 An holy welle, whiche is of so grete feruence that hit castethe owte thynges caste in to hit. a 1634 Chapman Revenge for Honour Plays 1873 III. 332 Rays lascivious .. ingender hy too piercing fervence in¬ temperate. .heats. 2 . fig . Warmth of the emotions, intensity of feel¬ ing or desire, fervency. £1430 Lydg. Black Knt. xxx, If that any now be in this place, That fele in love brenning of fervence .. Lat him of FERVENCY 170 FESCUE. routh lay to audience, i 1485 Digby Myst. (1882) 111. 1093 pey woll with veruens of love me seke. a 1529 Skelton Pr. to Jf. Ghost 1 O firy feruence, inflamed with all grace. a 1538 Hen. VIII Let. to A. Boleyn in Select. Harl. Misc. ( x 793> M7» I think .. my fervence of love causeth it. 1591 Troub. Raigne K. John 11. (1611) 84 Zeale .. Spurs them on with feruence to this shrine. Fervency (fauvensi). Also 5 farvence, 6-7 fervencie. [f. as prec.: see -ency.] 1 . The state or quality of being fervent; glowing or burning heat, intensity of heat. Now rare, 1598 Chatman Iliad vi. 185 Flames of deadly fervency flew from her breath and eyes. 1633 P. Fletcher Pise. Eel. i. 2 About his head a rocky canopie .. Rebutting Phoebus parching fervencie. 1879 G. Meredith Egoist III. x. 214 It is the sole star which, .preserves an indomitable fervency, f b. Of cold : Intensity, severity. Obs. 1615 Chapman Odyss. xiv. 693 The fervency Of that sharp night would kill me. 2 . fig, * Heat of mind *, intensity of feeling or desire, warmth of devotion, zeal, ardour, eagerness; *fi an instance of the same. 1554 Knox Faythf. Admon. Dvjb, Peter in a feruencie first left his bote. 1600 E. Blount tr. Conestaggio 6 They continued their new navigation, with greater fervencie. 1672-5 Comber Comp. Temple (1702) 368 The Motives that ought to excite our Fervency. 1734 Watts Relig. Juv. (1789) 216 He drew some practical inferences .. with some degree of fervency. 1824 Southey Bk. of Ch. (1841) 173 The prayer which was preferred with increased fervency at a martyr’s grave. 1865 Kingsley Hereto. xv, She would never have known the fervency of your love. Fervent (fa* j vent), a. Forms : 4-6 feruente, vervente, (5 ferfent, furvaunte, 6 farvente, fervant), 4- fervent, [a. F. fervent , ad. L. fer- vent-em, fervens y pr. pple. of fervere to boil, glow.] 1 . Hot, burning, glowing, boiling. a 1400-50 A lexander^ji Flawmes feruent as fyre. c 1400 Lanfrancs Cirurg. 311 In fiis caas we mowen use hoot fervent oile. 1514 Barclay Cyt. Sp Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) p. lxix, The Sunne is not fervent. 1572 J. Jones Bathes of Bath 11. 10 Actuall fyre, working upon the water itself cannot put into it a greater degree of heat, then the degree of fervent heate. i6ix Bible 2 Pet. iii. 10 The Elements shall melt with feruent heat. 1704 J. Pitts Ace. Mohometans 56, I have seen many..to work all day..in the most fervent Harvest time. 1849 Mrs. Somerville Connect. P/iys. Sc. xxvii. 300 The short but fervent summers at the polar regions. 1874 S. Cox Pilgr. Ps. vii. 147 A fervent waste in which it is lost. fig. 1529 More Dyaloge 1. Wks. 119/2 Let them alL.lerne that god deliteth to se the feruent hete of y° hartis deuocion boile out by y® body. + b. In medieval pharmacy, of drugs : =Hot. 1398 T revisa Barth. De P. R. xix. lxxvii. (1495)908 Some thynges that drawyth laxeth also and be feruent as Sea. monea. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 11. xxx. 187 The common CamomilL.is not so fervent as the Romaine Camomill, but more pleasant. J* c. Of cold : Intense,' severe. Obs. 1448 R. Fox Chron. (Camden) 116 Hit was a fervent coolde weder. 1473 Warkw. Chron. (Camden) 3 Ther was one fervent froste thrugh Englande. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 337 The fervent frost so bitter wes. 1634 Harington Salernes Regim. 182 A fervent cold Countrey. 2 . Of persons, their passions, dispositions, or actions: Ardent, intensely earnest. From 17th c. almost exclusively with reference to love or hatred, zeal, devotion or aspiration. C1400 Desir. Troy 2154 Than was Priam .. more feruent to fight. 14.. Why I Cant be a Nun 7 in E. E. P. (1862) 138 They were as ferfent as ony fyre To execute her lordys byddyng. 1534 Tindale i Pet. iv. 8 Above all thinges haue fervent love amonge you. 1561 Daus tr . Bnllinger on Apoc. (1573) 25 b, We of this Church who haue bene feruenter xxx. yeares ago than we be at this day. 1591 Spenser Gtiat 296 He spide his foe with .. feruent eyes to his de¬ struction bent. 1673 Lady's Call. 11. § 1 r 23. 65 By the ferventest praiers implore .. God. 1738 Wesley Ps. xiii. 8 My Heart in fervent Wishes burns. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Wa:/. (1852) II. 215 It proves the glow of his kindness the ferventer. 1856 Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh 1. 944 Many fervent souls strike rhyme on rhyme. b. Of conflict, uproar, formerly also of pestilence, a wild beast, etc.: Hot, fierce, raging. Now rare. 1465 Marg. Paston in Lett. No. 523 II. 226 The pestylens is so fervent in Norwych that [etc.]. 1494 Fabyan Chron. iv. Ixvii. 46 Whiche persecucion .. was so sharpe & feruent, that [etc.]. 1551 Robinson tr. More's Utop. (Arb.) 139 When the battel is. .most fierce and fervent. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 543 There appeared unto them a Boar .. having fire-burning eyes, a despiteful look .. and every way fervent. 1814 Wordsw. White Doe of Ryl. 1. 43 A moment ends the fervent din. t Fe-rvent, v. Obs.~° [f. prec.] trans. To utter fervently. Hence Fervented ppl, a. a 1626 W. Sclater Serin. Exper. (1638) 68 Their..fer¬ vented supplication to have life prorogued. Fervently (fsuventli), aJv. [f. Fervent a. + -ly.] In a fervent manner. •f 1 . Burningly, intensely, severely. Obs. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. eexliii. 293 He myght not wel endure no whyle so feruently he was take. 1561 Hollybush Horn. Apoth. 27 a, He that hath the jaundis so fervently and sore. 1627 Hakewill Apol. 11. vii. § 1. no lt continued so feruently hot. 2 . With warmth of feeling; ardently, earnestly, hotly, passionately. Now rare exc. in expressions of love, desire, prayer, etc. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus iv. 1356 The whiche frendes feruentliche hym preye To senden efter more. 1494 Fabyan Chron. v. cxiii. 86 Chilperich heryng of the. .takynge of his sone, was. .more feruently amouyd. 1568 Grafton Chron, II.27 The king, .pursued them more fervently then circum¬ spectly. 1611 Bible Col. iv. 12 Alwaies labouring feruently for you in praiers. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones III. 94 Mrs. Fitzpatrick then renewed her proposal and very fervently recommended it. 1794 Sullivan View Nat. I. 9 Most fervently do I love my God, my king. 1825 T. Jefferson Autobiog. Wks. 1859 1. 83,1. had fervently pressed the Treasury board to replenish this particular deposit. 1848 C. Bronte J. Eyre (1873) 3> I wished fervently he might not discover my hiding-place. 1874 Stubbs Const. Hist. (1875) III. xviii. 31 Henry, .was fervently orthodox. Ferventness (fsuventnes). Now rare. [f. Fervent + -ness.] The quality of being fervent. 1 . Boiling,burning, or glowing heat; = Fervour i. 1398 T revisa Barth De P. R. x. ix. (1495) 379 Smalle asshes .. slakyth .. the feruentnes of the cole. 1533 Elyot Cast. Helthe (1541) 73 a, It [melancholy] may not be so littell, that the bloud and spirites in their ferventnes, be as it were unbridlyd. 1586 Bright Mclanch. xxvii. 153 Although it [water] be hote, yet inferiour in degree to the heate of feruentnes. 1600 F. Walker Sp. Mandeville 46 b, The great feruentnes of the hot starres. 2 . Ardour, eagerness, vigour, zeal; also an instance of the same ; = Fervour 2. c 1430 Wyclif s Num. xxv. n [MS. S], Y my silf schulde not do awai the sones of Israel in my greet hete [feruentnesse of veniaunce]. 1477 Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 133 Whyche wil not be wele .. stered for the feruentnesse of the same tempest. 1528 Tindale Parab. Mammon Wks. I. 84 Christ here teacheth Simon by the ferventness of love. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. viii. (1632) 581 The Archbishops feruentness in using such eager perswasions. 1631 Celestina iii. 40 His .. ferventnesse of affection is sufficient to marre him. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Ferventness. Fervescent (faive’sent), a. [ad. L. fervesccnt- e/n, pr. pple. of fervcscere y inceptive verb f. fervere to be hot.] Growing hot. 1683 Salmon Doron Med. 1. 162 Fixing the fervescent and corrosive Humors. 1730-6 in Bailey (folio). 1775 in Ash. Fervid (fouvid), a. Also 7 fervide. [ad. L. fervid-tis burning, vehement, {.fervere to glow.] 1 . Burning, glowing, hot. Now poet, or rhetorical. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhoucrs Bk. Physicke 6/2 Let it stand a day or two in som fervide place. 1667 Milton P. L. v. 301 The mounted Sun Shot down direct his fervid Raies. 1718 Pope Iliad xvi. 939 Sol had driven His fervid orb through half the vault of heaven. 1794 Sullivan View Nat. II. 55 The more fervid the lightning, the more animated they appear. 1833 N. Arnott Physics (ed. 5) II. 62 His attention was soon recalled to the fervid land of the sun. 1851 Thackeray Eng. Hum. ii. (1858) 59 To hang on in the dust behind the fervid wheels of the parliamentary chariot. transf. 1865 Swinburne Poems Sp Ball. t Hendecasyllables 5 Flame as fierce as the fervid eyes of lions. 1871 M. Collins Mrq. Merch. II. iii. 61 The Christmas night had been fervid. .There had been a dinner. 2 . fig. Glowing, intensely impassioned. 1656-81 Blount Glossogr ., Fervid , fierce, vehement, a 1717 Parnell Happy Man 16 The fervid wishes, holy fires, Which thus a melted heart refine. 1779-81 Johnson L. P. Wks. 1816 X. 122 He is warm rather than fervid. 1828 Carlyle Misc. (1857) I* 211 Of Burns’s fervid affection .. we have spoken already. 1838 Dickens Nick. Nick, xxvii, It is your .. fervid imagination, which throws you into a glow of genius and excitement. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 335 The fervid loyalty with which Charles had been welcomed back to Dover. 1872 Blackie Lays Highl. 155 Without the call of fervid preacher. Hence Fervrdity [ + -ity] : a. Intense heat. b. Passion, zeal (J.). Fervidly adv., in a fervid manner; earnestly. Fervidness, the state or quality of being fervid. 1692 Bentley Boyle Led. Serm. vi. 188 A kind of injury done to him by the fervidness of St. Peter. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Fervidity. 1775 Ash, Fervidity , heat. 1847 Craig, Fervidly, very hotly, with glowing warmth. 1872 Geo. Eliot Middlem. i, A young lady, .knelt down, .by the side of a sick labourer and prayed fervidly. Fervol, obs. form of Fearful. t Fe rvorous, a. Obs. Also 7 -erous. [f. next + -ous.] Full of fervour ; ardent, warm. 1602 T. Fitzherbert Apol. 36b, As. .feruerous in the loue of God, as they are. .fyry in sensual appetyt. 1658 Slingsby Diary (1836) 203 Faithful and fervorous Professors. 1669 Woodhead St. Teresa 1. xv. 94 They had a mind to cool the fervorous employment of the Will. Fervour, fervor; fifi-iva-i). Also 6 fervoure, 7 ferver. [ME. fervor, -oar, a. OF. fervor, -our (mod.F. feiveur) = Pr. and Sp .fervor, It. fervore, ad. L . fervore-m, f. fervere to be hot. For use of fervour or fervor *,ce Favour.] 1 . Glowing condition, intense heat. c 1440 Hylton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 11. xxxiv, They ...panten soo strongly that they brast into bodily feruours. 1529 More Dyaloge i. Wks. 1164/2 These prayers .. of his holye Martirs, in the feruoure of theyr torment. 1625 Purchas Pilgrims 11. 1317 A number of Lamps which .. yeelds vnto the roome an immoderate feruor. 1725 Pope Odyss. x. 184 Some power divine .. Sent a tall stag .. To cool his fervour in the chrystal flood. 1794 Mrs. Piozzi Synon. I. 207 Such effects follow naturally the fervour of an African climate. 1813 Shelley Q. Mab viii. 71 Those deserts, .whose, .fervors scarce allowed A bird to live. 1891 Sir R. Ball in Melbourne Argus 76 May, The moon was also doubtless in a condition of equal fervour. + b. Of water: Boiling, seething Obs. a 1440 Found. St. Bartholomew's 43 The swellynge [sea], yn his feruor .. leift vp hym-self. 1656 tr. Hobbes' Elcm. Philos. (1839) 324 All fervour or seething is not caused by fire. 2 . Warmth or glow of feeling, passion, vehem¬ ence, intense zeal; an instance of the same. 1340 Hampoi.e Pr. Consc. 250 Fervor of thoght. 1382 Wyclif John ii. 17 The feruour of loue of thin hous hath etun me. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 363 b/i She .. had more feruour of deuocion. 1531 Dial, on Laws Eng. 11. liii. (1638) 160 A veniall sinne .. letteth the fervour thereof [charity]. 1638 Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. I. 30 Such fervour is as well beseeming fresh souldiers as young Fryers. 1732 Law Serious C. xiv. (ed. 2) 240 And begin to know what Saints.. have meant by fervours of devotion. 1830 D’Israeli Chas. I III. ix. 196 The fervour of loyalty vied with the pride of magnificence. X882 A. W. Ward Dickens iii. 50 A fervour unique even in the history of American enthusiasms. Fery, obs. form of Farrow v. 1337 in Liber Pluscardcnsis ix. xxxvi, Isal ger thi sow fery agayn hir wil. Fery age, obs. form of Ferriage. Fesande, obs. form of Pheasant. Fesapo. Logic. A mnemonic word representing the fourth mood of the fourth figure of syllogisms, in which the major premiss is a universal negative, the minor premiss a universal affirmative, and the conclusion a particular negative ; the middle term being subject of the major and predicate of the minor premiss. 1827 Whately Logic ii. (ed. 2)98 Fesapo. 1864 Bowen Logic vii. 200. Fesaun(t, -awnt, obs. forms of Pheasant. Fescennine (fesensfin), a. and sb. [ad. L. Fescenmn-us pertaining to Ftscennia in Etruria, famous for a sort of jeering dialogues in verse.] A. adj. esp. in Fescennine verses. Pertaining to or characteristic of Fescennia ; usually in a bad sense, licentious, obscene, scurrilous. i6ox Holland Pliny I. 443 Wanton Fescennine cere¬ monies. <21637 B. Jonson Undencoods (1640) 243 We dare not aske our wish in Language fescennine. 1726 Amherst Terra! Fil. i. (ed. 3) 1 A merry oration in the fes¬ cennine manner. 1815 Scott Guy M. xxxvi, To repeat a certain number of Fescennine verses. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets viii. 252 A rude Fescennine license. t B. sb. A song or verses of a licentious or scurrilous character. Obs. 1621-51 Burton Anat. Mel. iii. i. i. i. 409 Menander, .did . .write Fescennines, Attellanes, and lascivious songs. 1660 Jer. Taylor Duct. Dubit. 11. iii. rule 5 § 1, I haue seene parts of Virgil changed into impure fescennines. Fescue (fe*ski«), sb. Forms: 4-6 festu(e, (6 -ew, -ure, -we, 7 -er), 6 fe(e)skew, 7 fes(t)kue, 8 fescu, 8-9 fesque, 9 dial, vester, 6- fescue, [a. OY. festu (Fr , fitu) a strawpopular L. *festfi- cum = class. L. festuca. Cf. Pr. fcstiic masc., fes¬ tuca, festuga fern., It .festuco masc., festuca fern.] •fi 1 . A straw, rush, twig; a small piece of straw, a mote in the eye (with ref. to Matt. vii. 3). Hence, a thing of little importance. Obs. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. x. 278 pe beem lithe in }owre eyghen, And fie festu is fallen for 3oure defaute, In alle manere men. 1382 Wyclif Matt. vii. 3 What seest thou a festu. or a litiT mote, in the eqe of thi brother, c 1440 Promp. Pan'. 163/1 Fyschelle of fyschew, or festu, festuca. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 400 b/i He demaunded hym of the festue and of the beme. 1592 G. Harvey Pierce's Super. 54 A pretty feate for amber, to higgle chaffe, festues or the like weighty burdens. 16x0 Holland Camden's Brit. 1. 720 Thin strawes and fescues small. 2 . A small stick, pin, etc. used for pointing out the letters to children learning to read; a pointer. 1513 MS. Acc.St. Johns Hosp., Cantcrb., Payd for iiij festewys iijd. 1533 More Answ. PoysonedBk. Wks. 1102/1, I shall .. lay it afore him agayn, and sette him to it with a festue, that he shall not say but he saw it. 1589 Nashe Martins Months Minde 7 Though their fescue euen then pointed at Capitall letters. 1612 Two Noble K. 11. ii, Ay, do but put A feskve in her fist. 1714 Gay What d'ye call it 1. i. 8, I .. Taught him his Catechism, the Fescue held. 1762 Foote Orator 1. Wks. 1799 I. 197 The fescues and fasces, which have been, .consigned to one, or more matron in every village. 1825 J. Jennings Dial. W. Eng. Gloss. 81 Vester.. a fescue. 1876 Browning Pacchiarotto 19 Play schoolmaster, point as with fescue. fig. 1644 [see Ferular]. 1648 Earl Westmrld. Otia Sacra (1879)53 As Appetite, Not Reasons Fescue shall direct. + 3 . transf ( nonce-uses .) a. The shadow on a sun¬ dial. b. A plectrum for use with the harp or lyre. X607 W[entworth] S[mith] Puritaine iv. 47 The feskewe of the Diall is vpon the Chrisse-crosse of Noone. x6i6 Chapman Homer s Hymn to Apollo 288 And with thy golden fescue play’dst upon Thy hollow harp. 4 . More fully fescue-grass : A genus ( Festuca) of grasses. Hardy Sheep’s, Meadow Fescue : transla¬ tions of the botanical names of species, F. durius- culay ovina f pratensis. 1794 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xiii. 138 Sheeps fescue is a well known grass, always to be found in sheep commons. Ibid. 139 Meadow Fescue , one of the best grasses for cul¬ tivation, has a culm for two feet high. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 187 Fesque grass (Festuco) many species. 18x3 Sir H. Davy Agric. Client, viii. (1814) 362 Tall fescue grass stands highest. 1854 Hooker Himal. Jrnls. II. xxiv. 176 Short sedges and fescue-grass. 1855 Morton Cycl. Agric. 863/2 s. v. Festue ay The hard fescue. 1864 Tennyson Aylmer's F. 530 Sweeping the frothily from the fescue. t Fescue,^. Obs. [f. prec. sb.] trans. To direct or assist in reading with a fescue. 1641 Milton Animadv. (1851) 201 Fescu’d to a formal injunction of his rote-lesson. 1714 Mandeville Fab. Bees H. (1733) 9 They, .want more Fescuing and a broader Ex¬ planation. a 1749 Philips Odes (1807) 83 Fescu’d now perhaps in spelling. FESE 171 FESTINATION. Fese, Fesels, var. of Feeze v. Fasels, Obs. Fesician, Fesike, obs. ff. Physician, Physic. Fesion, obs. form of Pheasant. + Fess. Obs. 1716 Loud. Gaz. No. 5439/4 A black Mare..With a Fess Tail, lately dock’d. Fesse 1 (fes). Her. Also 6 feee. [a. OF . fesse L. fascia band ; mod.F. has fasce ad. L.J 1 . An ordinary formed by two horizontal lines drawn across the middle of the field, and usually containing between them one third of the escut¬ cheon. i486 Bk. St. Albans Her. b ij, All the bastardis of all cot- armuris shall bere a fesse. c 1500 in Q. Eliz. Acad. (1869) 98 Pales, bendis, feces cheveronis. 1562 Leigh A rmorie 113 b, The fielde Argent, a Fesse, Azure. 1688 R. Holme Ar¬ moury 1. iii. 34/1 Fesse, Gules. 1763 Brit. Mag. IV. 238 Argent, on a fess, azure, three lozenges, or. 1872 Ruskin Eagle's N. § 235 The Fesse, a horizontal bar across the middle of the shield, represents the knight’s girdle. b. In fesse (see quot. 1889). Party per fesse : (of the shield) divided by a horizontal line through the middle. x 57 2 Bossewell Armor/e 11. 54 He beareth d’Argente, flue Fusilles in Fesse Gules. 1705 Hearne Collect. 12 Dec., A Book Expansed in Fesse. 1830 Robson Brit. Herald. III. Gloss., Fcsscways or in fesse. 1889 Elvin Diet. Herald. 60 In Fesse, a term to express the position of charges when they occupy the position assigned to that ordinary. 2 . attrib . and Comb., as fesse-line ; fesse-point, the exact centre of the escutcheon ; + fesse-target (see quot. 1S89). Also fesse-ways, fesse-wise adv. = in fesse (see Fesse i b). x 775 Asii, * Fesse line , the line that constitutes the fesse. 1562 Leigh A rmorie 42 a, The * Fesse poynt. 1864 Boutell Heraldry Hist. <5- Pop. v. 23 The heraldic Cross. . is produced by the meeting of two vertical with two horizontal lines, about the Fesse point. 1586 Ferne Blaz. Gentric 206 Adding to the same a *fesse Target, or scutcheon of pretence. 1889 Elvin Diet. Herald. 60 Fesse-Target, an old term for Escutcheon of Pretence. 1725 Coats Diet. Herald, (ed. 2) 144 * Fesse-ways or in Fesse denotes things born after the Manner of a Fesse. 1830 [see 1 b], 1775 Ash, * Fesse-wise. 1864 Boutell Heraldry Hist. <$• Pop. xxi. § 11 (ed. 3) 369 Two buckles, their tongues fesse-wise. Fesse 2 . Obs. exc. dial. A pale blue colour. x 577 _ 87 Harrison England 111. viii, The floure [of the Saffron Crocus] beginneth to appeere of a whitish blew fesse, or skie colour. 1847-78 Halliwell, Fess.. a light blue colour. Somerset. Fessel, obs. form of Vessel. + Fessely, a. Her. Obs. [f. Fesse sb. + -ly 1.] = Party per fesse ; see Fesse i b. i486 BJc. St. Albans, Her. B iij b, Fyesly is called in armys iij manere weys, fesy bagy, fesy target, and fesy generall. 1889 Elvin Diet. Flerald. 60 Fessely, party per fesse. t Fessey, a. Her. Also 5 fesy. [f. Fesse + -Y.] Of a coat of arms : Containing a fesse. i486 [see Fessely]. 1386 Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 180 This Scutcheon following is also a fessey Armes. Fessin, Sc. form of Fasten v. 1552 Abie Hamiltoun Catech. (1884) 77 Samekil is the lufe of God and our nychbour fessinit and linkit togiddir. t Fe’ssitude. Obs. rare— 0 . [as if ad. L. *fessitud-o, f. fessus wearied.] Weariness, fatigue. 1656-81 in Blount Glossogr. 1721-1800 in Bailey. +Fe ssive, a. Obs. rare— 1 , [f. C.fess-us wearied 4 --IVE.] Wearied, fatigued. a 1774 Fergusson Poems, Saturday's Exp. 136 So we, with fessive joints and lingering pace, Moved slowly on. Fessoun, obs. Sc. form of Fashion. 1508 Dunbar Tiva Mariit Women 189 He has a forme without force and fessoun. Fest, fest>, obs. ff. Fast, Fast-, Feast, Fist. II Festa (fe'sta). [It .festa :—L. festa (see Feast jA).] A feast, festival, holy day ; also attrib. 1818 Shelley Lett. Pr. Wks. 1888 II. 242 The day on which I visited it, was festa. 1868 Browning Ring <5* Bk. vn. 966 Sure that to-morrow would be festa-day. 1886 Ruskin Preterit a I. 391 The day it came home was a festa. Festal ( festal), a. and sb. [a. OF . festal, festcl, f. L .fest-um : see Feast and -al.] A. adj. 1 . Of or pertaining to a feast or festivity. 1479 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 414 The festall daie of Seynt Mighell Tharchangell. 1740 Somerville Hobbinol 11. (1749) 139 Blind British Bards .. on festal Days Shall chant this mournful Tale. 1838 Thirlwall Greece II. xi. 67 She pre¬ sented herself in her festal dress. 1847 He Quincey Sp. Mil. Nun viii. (1853) 16 A place, .radiant with festal pleasures. b. Of a person : Keeping holiday. Of a place : Given up to feasting or festivity. x 798 j Sotheby tr. Wicland's Oberon (1826) I. 15 At Bor¬ deaux’ festal town. 1801 Southey Thalaba vi. xxviii, From tents of revelry, From festal bowers, to solitude he ran. 1863 Hawthorne OrirOld Home2$\ The aspect of Greenwich park, with all those festal people wandering through it. 2 . Befitting a feast; hence, gay, joyous. 1749 Chesterf. Lett. II. ccxii. 311 No warmth of festal mirth. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, Shales. Wks. (Bohn) I. 364 He touches nothing that does not borrow health and longevity from his festal style. 1858 Dr Quincey A utobiog. Sk. Wks. I. 200 The ball-room wore an elegant and festal air. b. quasi-#*/#. 1747 Collins Passions 87 Amid the festal sounding shades. B. sb. A feast, festivity, merry-making. 1818 Shelley Rev. Islam v. lvi, Gore Or poison none this festal did pollute. 1871 B. Taylor Faust (1875) II. 11. iii. 140 Off to the cheerful festals of the Sea I Hence Pe*stally adv., in a festal manner. 1852 G. W. Curtis Wanderer in Syria 279 The way could not have been more festally adorned. 1883 Stevenson Silverado Sq. (18S6) 5 The chapel bell, .sounded most fes¬ tally that sunny Sunday. + Fe stel. Obs. rare. Also 5 festyllo. [f. fest, var. of Fast v. 4 -el.] Something that makes fast. a 1300 E. E. Psalter cxlix. 8. 1483 Cath. Angl. 128/2 A ¥^ty\\Q,firmatorium. Festement, obs. form of Vestment. t Fe stenance, festynens. Obs. Sc. [f. Fasten v. + -ance.] Confinement, durance. 1425 Sc. Acts Jas. I (1814) 11. 11/2 The schiref sal ger .. kep in festynance. 1533 Bellenden Livy hi. (1822) 225, I wil kepe him in festynens. Fester (fcstai), jA Forms : 4-6 festre, feature, (5 festyre), 4- fester, [a. OF. festre (for the change in termination from -le to -re cf. Fr. chapitre, tpitre : see Chapitle, Epistle) = Pr., Sp., It. fislola:—!^.fistula : see Fistula.] 1 . In early use = Fistula ; subsequently, a rank¬ ling sore, an ulcer. In mod. use : ‘ A superficial suppuration resulting from irritation of the skin 1 (Quain Did. Med. 1882). a 1300 Cursor M. 11824 (Cott.) pe fester thrild his bodi thurgh. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vii. lix. (1495) 275 To the Canker and Festure [ori g. fistulam]. Ibid. xvn. xiv, Festre. c 1400 Lajifrattc’s Cirurg. 89 Festre. .hah wij>inne him a calose hardnesse al aboute as it were a goos penne or ellis a kane. Ibid. 292 pis hole is clepid a festre of pe ers. 1547 Boorde Brcv. Health xxv. 15 b, The pyles or Erne- rodes, Fystles, and Festures. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 501 Sheeps wool .. mingled with Hony is very medi- cinable for old sores or festers. Jig. 1834 Lytton Pompeii iv. ii, Thus, in the rankling festers of the mind, our art is. .to divert, .the pain. + 2 . A cicatrice, scar. Obs. 14.. Nom. in Wr.-Wiilcker 708 Hec cicatrix, a festyre. 1483 Cath. Angl. 128/2 A Fester, cicatrix. 1541 R. Cop¬ land Gatyen's Terapeutyke 2 Hjb, Yf ye wyl bryng y° vlcere to a festre. 3 . [from the vb.] The action or process of causing a fester; = Festering vbl. sb. i860 I. Taylor Ultimate Civilization 117 Used to the fester of the chain upon their necks. Fester (fe-stoi), v. Forms: 5 fe(e)stryn, (feestern), (5 festur, feyster), 5-6 festyr, (6 feaster), 4- fester, [f. prec. sb. ; OF. had festrir in similar senses.] 1 . intr. Of a wound or sore : To become a fester, to gather or generate pus or matter, to ulcerate. x 377 Langl. P. PI. B. xvii. 92 So festred ben his woundis. 1414 Brampton Penit. Ps. xxxv. (Percy Soc.) 18 My woundes festryn and rotyn with inne. 1530 Palsgr. 548/2 Though this wounde be closed above, yet it feastreth byneth and is full of mater. 1635 R. Bolton Comf. Affl. Consc. xvi. 315 Draw a skinne onely over the spirituall wound whereby it festers and rankles underneath more dangerously. 1747 Wesley Prim. Physic (1762) 92 A Prick or cut that festers. 1862 Merivale Rom. Emp. V. xliii. 205 The wound festered in silence and concealment. b. Of poison, an imbedded arrow, a disease: To envenom the surrounding parts progressively ; to rankle. Hence fig. of resentment, grief, etc. 1589 R. Harvey PI. Perc. (i860) 18 His owne poison would haue festered in his owne flesh, a 1639 Wotton in Reliq. (1651) 112 There had been ancient quarrels, .which might perhaps lye festering in his breast. 1695 Blackmore Pr. Arth. iii. 489 Th’Almighty’s Arrows Fester in their Heart. 1781 J. Moore View Soc. It. (1790) I. xii. 132 A strong re¬ sentment . .festered in the breasts of some individuals. 1869 Lecky Europ. Mor. 11 . v. 301 An appalling amount of moral evil is festering uncontrolled. 1871 Freeman Norm. Couq. (1876) IV. xviii. 1191’he troubles of Saxony..if they had not yet broken forth, were already festering in silence. 1874 Green Short Hist. iii. § 6. 145 Fever or plague..festered in the wretched hovels. c. To fester into : to become or pass into by festering, lit. and fig. c 1420 Pallad. on Hiisb. xi. 49 But kytte not to nygh, lest thai. .feestern into a wounde. 1777 Burke Let. Sheriffs of Bristol Wks. III. 141 Smitten pride smarting from its wounds, festers into new rancour. 1790 — Fr. Rev. 212, I must bear with infirmities until they fester into crimes. 2 . To putrefy, rot; to become pestiferous or loathsome by corruption. 1540 Taverner Epist. Ester daye, Postil, The leven of malice roted & festred in us. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V, iv. iii. 28 These fields : where (wretches; their poore bodies Must lye and fester, c 1600 — Sonn. xciv, Lillies that fester smell far worse then weedes. 1628 Prynne Cats. Cozens 70 Their sickly Soules fester, rot and pine away, c 1820 S. Rogers Italy, Lake of Geneva 33 Ere long to die .. And fester with the vilest. 1883 Century Mag. June 218/1 The slimy old moat that once festered under the palisade wall. 3 . trans. To cause festering- in (lit. and fig.); to allow (malice) to rankle. 1579 Lyly Euphucs (Arb.) 47 All which humors are by so much the more easier to be purged, by how much the lesse they haue festred the sinewes. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. 1. i, I .. festred rankling malice in my breast. 1697 Congreve Mourn. Bride 111.vi. Remorseless chains, .festring thy limbs With rankling rust. 1706 Estcourt Fair Examp. v. i, Take heed, lest your ungentle Hand shou’d fester what you mean to heal. 1818 Mrs. Shelley Frankenst. vi. (1865) 89 That will heal instead of festering, the wounds of our minds. 1850 Mrs. Browning Prom. Bound Poems I. 148 A terror strikes through me, And festers my soul. absol. a 1592 Greene Orp/tariou Wks. (Grosart) XII. 16 Giuing them one day an incarnatiue to heale, and the next day, a contrary medicine to fester. + 4 . -Cicatrize i. Obs. c 1440 Bone Flor. 1945 The leche had helyd hyt ovyr tyte, And hyt was festurd wythowte delyte. 1541 R. Copland Gatyen's Terapeutyke 2 Fivb, Lykewyse in the vlceres .. that yt is egal to be festred [Lat. Galen Methodi Med. iv. v, Quod tequabile est, cicatrice induci]. Festered (fcstaid), ppl. a. [f. Fester z>.i + -ed 1 .] In senses of the vb.; lit. and fig. 1430 Lydg. Citron. Troy 11. xii, Newe made festred sores. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. iW. de W. 1531) 254 b, Vnto the openynge of the foresayd closed and festred woundes. a 1533 Frith Another Bk. agst. Kastetl (1829) 220 My youth hath dis¬ closed their festered ignorance. 1602 Fulbkcke 1st Pi. Parall. 15 Else the secrete fault was some festered and inueterate disease. 1671 Milton Samson 186 Apt words .. are as balm to fester’d wounds. Festering (fe storiq'i, vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ingI.] The action of the vb. Fester; an instance of this. Also concr. a fester. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 158/2 Feestrynge of wowndys, cica- tricatio. 1541 R. Copland Gatyen's Terapeutyke 2 Fj, Vlceres that come nat to festring. 1608-11 Bp. Hall Mcdit. Sf Cowes 11. § 4 What can ensue, but a festering of the part ? 1804 Med. 'prnl. XII. 98 It appears more like a common festering produced by a thorn. Festering (fe-stariq), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing -.] That festers, in senses of the vb. 1596 Spenser F. Q. vi. vi. 5 Inward corruption and infected sin..And festering sore, did rankle yet within. 1654 E. Johnson Wond. ivrkg. Provid. iii. 5 Lest from their festering Teeth a Gangrin grow. 1704 J. Trapp Abra-Mule iv. i. 1707 My festring sorrows smart. 1843 Carlyle Past. <$• Pr. (1858)224 Draining off the sour festering water. 1884 Bible (R. V.) Isa. i. 6 Wounds, and bruises, and festering sores. Festerment (fe*st9jment). [f. Fester v. + -ment.] a. The process or state of festering. In quots.yf^*. b. dial. A rotting mass. 1833 Chalmers Const. Man (1834) II. vii. 5 The brooding fountain of so many.. festerments. 1845 North Brit. Rev. II. 488 The population, .have been thrown, .into the fester¬ ment of an universal discontent. 1884 Chesh. Gloss, s.v., A festerment o’ weeds. Festerous (fe’.starss), a. rare. [f. as prec. + -ous.] In a festering condition. 1834 Syd. Dobell Balder ix. 46 His branchless trunk Rose festerous through the morning. + Festial, sb. Obs. [ad. med. {^.festidlis (perh. error for festivalis), in many MSS. of the original work translated by Caxton.] = Festival sb. 2. 1483 Caxton Liber Fest. Prol., I will and pray that it be called a P’estial [ed. 1491 festiuall]. 1725 Hearne R. Brunne Pref. § xvii, An excellent MS. of the Book called Festival or Festial. t Fe’stial, a. Obs. rare— 1 , [f. L. festum (see Feast sb.) + -(i)al.] Pertaining to a feast. x 737 Waterland Eucharist 461 The Feast and the Cove¬ nant were, .one federal feasting, or festial covenanting. + Festier. Obs. rare. Also festerie. [a. F. festiere (Cotgr .), festier (15th c.) ridge-tile, f. OF. fest (mod.F .faite) ridge of a roof.] = Fastigium 2. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 552 The images wherwith the festeries & lovers of the said church stood adorned. Ibid. 553 The festiers and lanterns of temples. Festike, var. of Fistic, pistachio nut. Festilogy (festrlod^i). Eccl. Antiq. Also festology. [ad med.L. festilogium, f. L. festum feast, after marlilogium corrupt form of marly ro- logium ; the word was a translation of Middle Irish felirei\ A treatise on ecclesiastical festivals. 1845 Petrie Round Towers 355 In the Festilogy of A£ngus this Constantine is set down as Rex Rathcniee. 1864 Bp. Forbes in Liber Eccl. Terrenarii de Arbuthnoit Pref. 73 Some allusions in the Irish Festologies. 1867 tr. De Mon- talcmbert’s Monks of West III. 293 Under the name of sanctilogy or festilogy .. this circle of biographies was the spiritual reading of the monks. 1882 R. C. MaclaganA^. Myths 148 The Festology of Angus. Festin. obs. form of Festoon. t Fe'Stinance. Obs. rare- °. [a. OF .festin- ancc, ad. 'L.festltiantia, n. of state f. festinant-em, pr. pple. of festindre to hasten.] Haste, speed. 1730 6 in Bailey (folio). 1775 in Ash. t Fe'Stinancy. Obs . rare- 1 , [ad. L. festin- antia : see prec. and -ancy.] Plaste, hurry. 1660 Burney KepS. A e yere. 1489 Caxton Faytcs of A. iv. xiv. 270 The festyual dayes be ordeyned for to serue god onely. 1582 N. T. (Rhem.) John vii. 2 The festival day of the Iewes, Scenopegia, was at hand. 1623 Cockeram, VigHl, the eue or day before a festiuall day. 1844 Dickens Chuzzlewit xxxiv. (1890) 431 ‘ If the biler of this vessel was toe bust, sir .. this would be a festival day in the calendar of despotism.’ t Festivally, adv. Obs . [f. Festival a. + -ly 2 .] a. Joyously, gaily, b. In a festival or holiday manner, like a festival. *71374 Chaucer Boeth. 11. vii. 59 How a man scorned festiualy and myrily swiche vanite. c 1450 Mirour Salua- cioun 3818 Til his hovse he broght it with alle his myght festivaly. 1483 Cath. Attgl. 128/2 Festyually, festine , solenniter. 1612 Brerevvood Lang, f Relig. xv. 156 They [Grecians] solemnize Saturday, .festivally. 1625 K. Long tr. Barclay s Argents iii. iii. 155 With thee Peace festivally clad is come. 1662 Gunning Lent Last 37 We [Christians] as festivally remembered Jesus Christ our true Passeover. Festive (fe'stiv), a. [ad. L . festiv-us, f. festum : see Feast and -ive. Cf. F. fes/if .] 1 . Of or pertaining to a feast; such as befits a feast. .1651 S herburne tr. Martial's Epigr. 11. xli, All festive jol¬ lities forbear. 1744 Thomson Summer 400 The glad Circle . .yield their Souls To festive Mirth. 1791 Burke Th. French Affairs Wks. 1842 I. 578 The appointment of festive anni¬ versaries. 1829 Lytton Disoiuncd 56 The anointed ones were in purple and festive pomp, a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) H. 108 Around the festive board. 1869 Boutkll Arms § Arm. ii. 36 The Grecian festive games. 1888 INIiss A. K. Green Behind Closed Doors iv, A festive scene burst upon them. b. Mirthful, joyous, glad, cheerful. 1774 Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry I. 11. 4/1 His vein was chiefly festive and satirical. 1826 Disraeli Viv. Grey y. xi, Her air was not festive, she seemed abstracted and dis¬ turbed. 1862 Stanley Jew. Ch. (1877) I. v. 104 The festive character which ran through the whole transaction. 2 . Of persons : Employed in, or fond of feasting; convivial, jovial. Of a place or season : Appro¬ priated or devoted to feasting. The festive season : spec. = ‘ Christmas-tide ’. 1735 Nixon To W. Somervile in Somervile Chase, The festive Night awakes th 1 harmonious Lay. 1770 Goldsm. Des. Vill. 226 The parlour splendours of that festive place. 1801 Southey TJialabax 1, On silken carpets sate the festive train. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. 1 .353The new magistrates . .belonged to a more festive party. 1857 Willmott Pleas. Lit. xxi. 130 A short review of his friend’s festive evenings. Hence Festively adv., in a festive manner. 1806 Wordsw. ‘ JVhcre lies the Land ’, Festively she [a ship] puts forth in trim array. 1883 Pall Mall G. 20 Nov. 5/1 After studying his pages one may. .keep festively the birthdays of Fraulein Goethe’s acquaintances. Festivity (festiwiti). Forms: 4-6 festivite, (5 festyvyte, 6 feastivitie), 7 festivitie, 7- festivity. [a. OF. festivity, ad. L. feslivitdt-em , f. festivus festive.] 1 . + a. Festive quality, condition, or nature ; fit¬ ness for occasions of rejoicings mirthfulness, cheerful urbanity; also (of writing, etc.), agreeable elegance. 1613 R. C. Table Alph. (ed. 3 \ Ecstiuitie, mirth, pleasant- nesse. 1622 S. Ward Life of Faith in Death (1627] 108 Soules, .adorned with white Robes, that is .. glorified with perfect righteousnesse, puritie .. and festiuitie. 1657 W. Rand tr. Gassendis Life of Pcircsc 11 . 274 Your. .Urbanity and pleasant jesting has not bin by me answered and recom¬ pensed with like festivity, a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1840) II. 517 The festivity of his poems. 1681 H. More Expos. Dan. 286 The contrivance of trie Prophetick Parable is of admirable elegancy and festivity. b. Rejoicing, mirth, gaiety, such as befits a feast. 1756-7 tr. Kcyslers J'rav. (1760) II. 139 The vintage is a time of general festivity. 1801 Southey Thalaba vi. xxiv. The music of festivity. 1832 G. Downes Lett. Cont. Coun¬ tries 240 The old man.. was honoured with a sort of triumph, succeeded by general festivity. 1884 Rita Vivienne v. iii, There were laughter and mirth and festivity in the air. 2 . A festive celebration, an occasion of feasting or rejoicing. In pi. Festive proceedings. 1387TREVISA Higden (Rolls) VII. 119 It byfel in a festivite )>at. .0 knyght offred nou^t. 1436 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 197 At his grete festivite Kynges and yerles .. were there presente. 1579 Fulke Refut. Rastel 798 That our feastiuitie may bee made in remembraunce of the reste. 1624 Gataker Transubst. 94 In his Easter-day Sermon turning his Speech to the Festivity itselfe. 1678 South Serm. 11 . x. 356 There happening a great and solemn festivity ..he [David] condescends,..to beg of a rich .. man some small repast. 1679 Burnet Hist. Ref. in. 244 The King .. ordered .. the office for his [Becket’s] festivity to be dasht out of all Breviaries. 1837 Dickens Pickw. ii, Tupman again expressed an earnest wish to be present at the festivity. 1848 Lytton Harold vi. i, Several persons bustling into London to share in the festivities of the day. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 45 The Great Hall, serving..as a banqueting-room for the oft-recurring festivities. Festivous (fe-stivas), a. [f. L. festiv-us, f. festum a feast + -ous.] = Festive in all senses. The older pronunc. was (festai’vas). 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes , page-heading, Festivovs Notes Vpon Don Quixot. 1654 J. Speed Verses, ibid. ** 1 b, A inagick circle of Festivous wit. 1665 Manley Grotius ’ Loiv C. Warres. 685 Superabundant and festivous Gratulations. 1782 W. F. Martyn Geog. Mag. I. 67 The Georgians .. on festivious occasions indulge in the most unbounded excess. 1829 Scott Anne of G. xxx, Some pretty pageant or festiv¬ ous mummery. 1865 Spectator 21 Jan. 70 Thanksgiving Day. .is not regarded as a festival, and not very festivous. Festology: see Festilogy. Festoon (fest/ 7 *n), sb. Also 7 festin, 8 feston. [ad. Yx. feston ( = Sp .feston, Yg.fcstdo), ad. It .fes- tone ; believed to be f. festa Feast sb .; the etymolo¬ gical sense would thus be 1 decoration for a feast ’.] 1 . A chain or garland of flowers, leaves, etc., sus¬ pended in a curved form between two points. 1686 Aglionby Painting Illust. Expl. of Terms, Festoon, is an Ornament of Flowers, employed in Borders and Decorations, a 1732 Gay Story of A rachne 209 Festoons of flow’rs inwove with ivy shine. 1754 Mrs. Delany Let. to Ah's. Deques 6 July, I have not yet got shells large enough for the festoons. 1792 A. Young Trav. France 22 Here.. see..vines, trained in festoons, from tree to tree. 1820 W. I rving Sketch Bk. 11 .368 Strings of dried apples and peaches hang in gay festoons along the walls. 1852 D. G. Mitchell Batte Summer 204 A rich festoon of nine banners. 1856 YiAKEArct. Expl. I. x. 106 Steaks of salt junk. .are. .soaked in festoons under the ice. b. transf Something hanging in this shape. 1841-44 Emerson Ess., Heroism Wks. (Bohn) 1. 102 Thun¬ derclouds are Jove's festoons. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. II. 8 Large festoons of blue and white ribbon. 1887 Ruskin Pr&tcrita II. 398 The curved rock from which the waterfall leaps into its calm festoons. 2 . A? chit. A carved or moulded ornament repre¬ senting this. Festoon and tassel border, in pottery. a band representing alternately festoons and a hanging or drooping ornament. 1676 Coles, Festoon. 1682 Wheler Journ. Greece v. 394 We saw .. an Altar or Pedestal for a Statue, with Festins carv’d about it. 1692 Settle Triumphs Loud., An Arch, on which is erected the King’s-Arms in a most noble Shield, with Festoons of Silver on each side. 1762-71 H. Walpole Vcrtue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) III. 291 It represents Flora., and boys in alto-relievo supporting festoons. 1875 Fortnum Majolica x. 88 On which are represented, .festoons of fruit. 1879 H. Phillips Notes Coins 10 The puteal which this coin presents has on each side a lyre suspended by a festoon. 3 . Ornith. A lobe on the cutting edge of a hawk’s beak. 1855 Dallas Nat. Hist. II. 360 The True or Noble Falcons, which are distinguished .. by.. a slight festoon or sinuosity on the lateral margins of the upper mandible. 4 . Collector’s name of a moth. 1819 G. Samouelle Entomol . Compend. 432 Apoda Tes* tudo, the Festoon. 5 . attrib. and Comb., as festoon-curtain,-vineyard, - work . Also festoon-like, adj. 1794 W. Felton Carriages (1801) II. 17 To a set of *festoon Curtains for a Coach. 1870 Rolleston Auim Life 32 In several *festoon-like coils. 1717 Berkeley Jrnl. Tour Italy 9 June, ^Festoon vineyards right and left. 1893 Huxley in Wcstm. Gaz. 29 Dec. 4/3, I was not over burdened with love for such dialectic *festoon-work. Festoon (fest/rn), v. [f. prec.; Fr. has feston- nerl\ fl. inlr. To hang in festoons. Obs. 1789 Mrs. Piozzi Jottm. France I. 236 With vines richly festooning up and down them. 2 . trails. To adorn with or as with festoons. 1800 Moore Anacreon xlvi. 18 Clusters ripe festoon the vine. 1841 Emerson Nat., Aleth. Nat. Wks. (Bohn) II. 224 Vegetable life, which .. festoons the globe with a garland of grasses and vines. 1870 Disraeli Lothair Ixvi. 349 The arcades were festooned. 3 . To form into festoons ; to hang up in or like festoons. Also with up. 1801 Gabriei.li Alyst. Husb. I. 267 The curtains, .were festooned up with gold and silver cord. 1811 W. Taylor in Robberds Mem. II. 350 We should gladly have festooned for you the last garlands of our hospitality. 1859 Jephson Brittany ii. 19 Curtains, which were tastefully festooned in graceful folds. 1872 C. King Mountain. Sierra Nev xiv. 286 Vigilance Committees, .quickly began to festoon their, .fellow-men from tree to tree. 4 . To connect by festoons. ;8 3 z T ennyson Dream Fair Women 70 Growths of jas¬ mine turn Their humid arms festooning tree to tree. Hence Festoo'ned ppl. a. ; Festoo ning vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 1811 Pinkerton Petral. II. 84 Their undulating and festooned form, i860 Tyndall Glue. 1. xxvii. 205 A festooned curtain formed entirely of minute ice crystals. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Festooncd-rings , the tendinous rings of the auri- culo-ventricular and arterial openings in the heart. Festoonery (fest/rneri). [f. as prec.+ -ery.] collect. A group of objects arranged in festoons ; a festoon-like arrangement. 1836 Blackm. Atag. XXXIX. 352 Everything in them so bent., as if conscious of., their festoonery of silver. 1864 Hawthorne Grimshawe viii. (1891) 91 r, ’he singular aspect of the room .. the spider festoonery, and other strange accompaniments. 1881 Mayne Reid Free Lances 1 . v. 57 The drooping festoonery of the trees. Festoony (festw’ni), a. rare. [f. as prec. + -y 1 .] Of, pertaining to, or resembling a festoon ; in quot. of a person : Making festoon-like movements. 1864 Webster quoting Sir J. Herschel. 1884 Baring- Gould Mehalah xxi. 287 The close [of her round] saw her thick of speech, leery of eye, festoony of walk. Festraw, var. form of Feasetkaw, fescue. + Fe*stry, a. Obs . [f. Fester sb. + -y F] Full of festers, festering. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 341 A good oynement for to make clene ulcera ken hori & festri & polipum. 1565 Jewel Def. A pot. (1611) 547 Somewhat to salue a festry matter, ye tel vs a long tedious tale. t Festual, a. Obs. [f. L. festum Feast + -ual, after spiritual, etc.] Festival, festal. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems ix. 83 To keipe the festuall and the fasting day. 1513 Douglas AEneis iv. viii. 107 With . .festuall burgeonis array it. 1546 Langley Pol. Verg. De Invent. 11. iv. 42 a, Their festuall dayes. 1616 Sir W. Alex¬ ander Poem in Drummonds Wks. (1711) 150 Happy Day, to which., (the consecrated) Festual Pomp is due. 1637 FESTUCACEOUS. 173 Gillespie Eng. Pop. Cerent . HI. ii. 22 It is not necessary to keep any festuall day. t Festuca'ceous, a. 06 s. rare. [f. ~L.festuc-a stalk+ -ACEOUS.] Stalk-like. 1657 Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 361 It emitts from one root many..festucaceous surcles. t Festu'ceous, a. 06 s. rare. [f. as prec. + -eous.J Like a straw. 1658 J. Robinson Eudoxa n. 123 Electrick bodies, drawing up festuceous fragments. Festucine (fe-stitfsoin), a. [f. as prec. + -ine.] a. Straw-coloured, b. (See quot. 1S23.) 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. iii. 237 Herein may be discovered a little insect of a Festucine or pale green, re¬ sembling in all parts a Locust, or what we call a Grashopper. 1823 Crabb Technol. Did., Festucine (Min.), an epithet for a shivery or splintery fracture. 1874 M. Collins Transmigr. III. i. 3 Her turquoise eyes suited her festucine hair. tPestucous, a. 06 s. [f. as prec. + -ous.] a. Straw-like. b. (See quot. 1656; ? a mistake.) 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. n. iv. 81 If we speake of strawes or festucous divisions lightly drawen over with oyle. 1656-81 Blount Glossogr ., Festucous , belonging to a young tender sprig or stalk of a tree or herb from the root upward. t Fe*sty, v. Obs. [ad. OF .festi-cr, festeier vulgar L. *fcsticare, i. festum Feast sbi] = Feast v* in various senses. 1382 Wyclif Wisd. viii. 9, I purposide this to bringe to me, to festeye with me. ^1386 Chaucer Sqr.’s T. 337 This Cambuscan his lordes festeying, Til that wel nigh the day began to spring. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour E b, [They] festyed and chyered their fader. 1490 — Encydos xvi. 63 Mercuryus drewe thyderwarde for to festye the sayd athlas. c 1500 Melusine 49 They all shalbe .. wel festyed bothe of delycyous meetes and drynkes. + Fe’styfull, a. Obs. [Altered form of Fes¬ tival ; cf. Feastful.] = Festival, a. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) xix. 208 To theise ydoles pei ^euen to ete at grete festyfull dayes. 1586 Sir E. Hoby Pol. Disc. Truth xi. 41 The festifull dayes, which many dedicate to Bacchus and Venus. + Fet, v. Obs. exc. dial. Forms: 1 fetian, fetis(e)an, 3-6 fett(e, fete, 3 south. vette, 3-5 fott(e, fot(e. 4-5 fatte, (4 fat, 5 fautt, feytte), 3-7 fet, 9 dial. fot. Pa. t. 1 fetode, 1-6 fette, 2 faette, fatte, featte, south, vatte, veette, vette, 3- 4 fotte, 4-7 fet. Pa. pple. 1 fetod, feotod, 4- 6 fett(e, 3-5 fott, 4-5 fotte, 4 fate, 6 fatt, 4-7, 9 dial. fet. [OE. fetian (also gefetian ), a verb app. of the Teut. -ejan class. Its affinities are ob¬ scure ; possibly it is related by ablaut to OE. feet step, fxt vessel, OHG. fayzfin (MHG. fazzpi , mod.G .fassen) to grasp, seize. See Fetch v. After the OE. period chiefly used in the pa.t. and pa. pple.J hence the normal form fete of the present-stem was from an early date commonly replaced by fet,fett{e, by assimilation to the more frequent forms.] A synonym of Fetch in various senses. 1 . = Fetch v. i. a. with obj. a person ; = Fetch v. i a. Beoivulf 2625 Wa:s to bure Beowulf fetod. a 1000 Caed- mon's Gen. 2666 (Gr.) He..heht him fetigean to sprecan sine, c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 61 Ure louerd ihesu criste fette adam ut of belle. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 9218 pe bissop vette Alisandre of lincolne. a 1300 Cursor M. 14965 (Gdtt.) Gas fet hir me. c 1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 4872 Fete hir to me. c 1325 Coer de L. 105 The kyng .. bad That his doughter were forth fette. c 1386 Chaucer Sompn. T. 451 Forth, he goth .. And fat his felaw. c 1420 Chron. Vilod. 1931 Hurre soule was fate to heuene w fc angels fre. c 1440 York Myst. xx. 226 Go furthe and fette youre sone. 1519 Four Elem. in Hazl. Dodsley I. 43, I will go fet hither a company. 1548 Hall Citron. (1809) 665 A farre frend is not sone fet. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 19^ The sayd Piers was fet home againe. 1611 Bible 2 Sam. xi. 27 Dauid sent, and fet her to his house. 1613 Wither Abuses Stript 11. i. Juven. (1633) 127 Till death doth fet yee. b. with a thing as obj.; = Fetch v. i b. c 1250 Gen. <$- Ex. 2744 He comen water to feten. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 3073 Geans wule vette pulke stones vor medicine, a 1300 Cursor M. 12310 (Gott.) Water fra pe Welle to fott. c 1374 Chaucer Troy Ins v. 852. The wyn men forth hym fette. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) lv • 3 2 Men comen fro fer. .for to fetten of that gravelle. c 1440 Gesta Rom. lxv. 282 (Harl. MS.) He went home, and fette a long rope. 1521 Bury Wills (1850) 124 For fettyng horn of lede ..from Berwillxvjd. a 1553 Udall Royster D. iv. viii. (Arb.) 76 Shall I go fet our goose ? 1560 Becon New Catech. Wks. 1844 II. 304 Jehu .. caused .. all the images to be fet out of the temple of Baal. 1577 tr - Bullingers Decades (1592) 287 Let a little water be fett. 1628 Wither Brit. Rente mb. 1. 349 Nought But what was fet farre off. 1865 Harland Lane. Lyrics 76 He said he’d fot it every neet. 1876 Ox/ordsh. Gloss, s.v. Fet , 1 ha’ bin an’ fot a bit a coal. 2 . = Fetch v. 2. a 1000 Prov. (Kemble) 61 (Bosw.) jEIc ydel fet unhado. 1387 T revisa Higden (Rolls) I. 173 pei .. fette to hem grete strengpe. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 192 Therof [water] uppe wol be fette By rootes. 1559 Ludlo7u C/iurctvw. Acc. (Camden) 94 For my charges goinge to Herforde fatt be a sitacion. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. ix. li. (1612) 230 This Spanish Inquisition is a Trappe, so slyelie set, as into it Wise, Godly, Rich, by Blanchers bace are fet. 3 . = Fetch®. 5. £1175 Lamb. Horn. 83 He uatte pet he nes and nawiht ne lefde of pet he wes. c 1205 Lay. 29673 Moni mon per ua-tte hele. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 2499, 1 pe munt of Synai per Moyses fatte be lahe at ure lauerd. c 1275 Lay. 6460 pe king, .toward Jan deore pare he deap featte. c 1340 Gaiu. <$• Gr. Knt. 451 To pe grene chapel pou chose, I charge pe to fotte, Such a dunt as pou hatz dalt. 11420 Chron. Vilod. 2346 Crokette & maymotte fatton pere hurre hele. 1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 319 pere [Colcnos] Iason fette pe golden flees, a 1450 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 447 At qwat place the bretheren. .shul fetten her wax. c 1460 Towneley Myst. 17 Thus am I comen bofettes to fott. 4 . —Fetch v. 6, 6 b, c. a 1300 Cursor M. 36 (Cott.) He fettes fro pe rote his kynd. 1393 Gower Conf. I. 44 Wherof the worlde ensample fette May after this, c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 20 To se their kyng.. From two trewes trewly fet the lyne. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 206 b, Thou shalt. .fette. .thy confort of his blessed deth and passion. 1547 J- Harrison Exhort. Scottcs 212 To fet our examples not out of straunge countreys. 1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. 1. i. 4 b, An argu¬ ment is either inherent or fet elsewhere. 5. = Fetch®. 7 . 1556 J* Heywood Spider F. xiii. i The flie. .fet such a persing sigh. 1642 H. More Song 0/Soul 1. lit. lxvii, These two old ones their last gasp had fet. 6. = F etch v. 9. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 437, & verrore her wey uette To pe kynges owe ost of France, c 1425 Seven Sag. (Percy Soc.) 957 The bore .. bygan tothes to wette, And to the tre byre he fette. 1470-85 Malory Arthtirx. ii, He. .fette his cours ..hurlynge vpon sir palomydes. 1583 Golding Calvin on Dent. xi. 61 After the people had fet a windlasse and trayled about the mountaine Seir. 1651 Fullers Abel Rediv ., Tailor 177 He leap’t, and fet a frisk, or two. 7 . = Fetch v. io a. a 1547 Surrey Acneid 11. 35 They .. with that winde had fet the land of Grece. 1563 Mirr. Mag. Induct, lxxi, In a while we fet the shore. 8 . Idiomatically combined with advbs.: see Fetch v. II. To fet again : to restore to conscious¬ ness. To fet in : to take in a supply of. To fet off : to ‘pick off’, kill. a 1553 Udall Royster D. in. iii. (Arb.) 46, I will rubbe your temples, and fette you againe. 1602 Sir H. Dockwra Let. in Moryson I tin. 11. nt. i. 259, I.. fet in turffe..for fewell. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 416 None, .could stirre within shot, but he was forthwith fet off. Ibid. 582 In danger to be fet off with shot. 1635 N. R. Camden's Hist. Eliz. iii. xx viii. 285 Cuba .. where they fet in fresh. . water. Fet, obs. form of Fat. Fetch (fetj), sb. I [f. Fetch vi] 1 . The action of fetching, bringing from a distance, or reaching after; lit. and Jig.; a long stretch, a far-reaching effort. Also io take a fetch. 1549 Chaloner Erasmus on Folly N iij a, To the ende he myght shew his learnyng to the people, .he toke a newfetche in his mattier. c 1555 Harpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII( 1878) 88 With all their fine long fetches and .. arguments. 1612 Shelton Quix. I. 1. viii. 52 Nor did he hold the Fetch of Adventures to be a Labour. 1662 Glanvill Lux Orient. viii. (1682) 61 There being vast fetches in the divine wisdom which we comprehend not. 1681 — Sadducismus 11. (1726) 450 Certainly Wit is not.. a Wild fetch. 1692 Bp. Patrick Answ. to Touchstone 74 From that which follows, there is a wonderful fetch. 1831 E. Irving Expos. Rev. I. 354 Deep fetches from the secrets of God. 1855 Bain Senses <$• Int. iii. ii. § 14 We can..leap from one passage to another, by the remotest fetches. 1881 Shairp Asp. Poetry ii. 59 What but a great fetch of imaginative power ? +b. A 4 sweep \ sweeping movement. Obs. 1617 Hall Quo Vadis Wks. § 16. 59 So haue we seene an Hauke. .after many carelesse. .fetches, to towre vp vnto the prey intended, a 1625 Fletcher Nice Valour iv. i, Gave his cuffe With such a fetch and reach of gentrie. a 1654 Seldf.n Table-t. (Arb.) 90 Some mathematicians .. could with one fetch of their Pen make an exact Circle. 2 . A contrivance, dodge, stratagem, trick ; also, a fetch of law, policy , state , and to cast a fetch. c 1530 Redforde Play Wit <$- Sc. (18481 8 Beware the fechys Of Tediousnes. 1549-62 Sternhold & H. Ps. xli. 7 And cast their fetches how to trap me with some mortall harme. 1575 Grindal Let. to Burleigh Wks. (1843) 352 By lease or any other fetch of law. 1635 N. R. Camden's Hist. Eliz. iii. 355 The crafty fetches of the wilie Prince of Orange, a 1677 Barrow Serin. (1683) II. ix. 135 No struglings of might, no fetches of policy. 1718 Freethinker No. 49. 355, I know the Sex too well, not to understand .. their Termegant Fetches. 1745 P. Thomas jfrnl. Anson's Voy. 267 This might be another of their politick Fetches. 1762 Foote Liar 11. Wks. 1799 I. 300 A mere fetch to favour his retreat. 1848 Lowell Fable for Critics Poet. Wks. (1879) *35 A fetch, I must say, most transparent and flat. 1858 Bushnell Nat. <$• Snpernat. xi. (1864) 365 It is no ingenious fetches of argument that we want. 8 . Naut. a. An act of tacking, b. (See quots.) a. 1555 Eden Decades 231 They remayned .. abowte that cape with many fetches compassyng the wynd. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India <$■ P. 51 After several Fetches to and again, at last they were within Call of us. b. 1867 Smyth Sailor s Word-bk., Fetch of a bay or gulf, the whole stretch from head to head or point to point. 1880 T. Stevenson in Eitcycl. Brit. XI. 456 2 The line of greatest fetch or reach of open sea. 1882 Ibid. XIV. 615 1 What is wanted is to ascertain in such shorter seas the height of waves in relation to the length of ‘ fetch ’ in which they are generated. 4 . dial. a. An indrawn breath, a sigh. b. A difficulty in breathing. 1832 W. Stephenson Gateshead Local Poems 18 Peggy said, and gave a fetch, ‘ Then I ’ll go and attend him ’. 1876 Whitby Gloss, s.v., ‘I have a fetch and a catch’, a stitch in the side. 1878 Cumbrld. Gloss., F'etch, an indrawn breath. 5 . nonce-use. A decoy-bird. 1624 Massinger Pari. Love iv. iii, This fellow .. looks as if he were her call, her fetch. + 6. with adv. Fetch■■ about: a roundabout phrase, a circumlocution. Cf. Fetch v. 11. Obs. 1540 Coverdale Fruit/. Less. Pref. Wks. 1844 I. 207 Though the grace of the Holy Ghost use not long fetches FETCH. about. 1587 Golding De Mornay vi. 82 After many florishes and fetches about. Fetch (fetj), sb . 2 [Of obscure origin. Although Grose in our first quot. assigns the word to the north of England, there seems to be no other evidence that the simple sb. was ever in popular use elsewhere than in Ireland. The supposition that it is shortened from Fetch- life, or some equivalent compound of the vb.-stem, would plausibly account for the sense. On the other hand, it may be noted that the Corpus Glossary a 800 has ‘ Faecce maere . As fxcce seems to admit of no explanation as a Lat. word, it maybe conjectured to be OE., and the source of the present sb.; in the archetype followed f&cce and moere (nightmare) may have been given as alternative English glosses on some Lat. word, and the compiler may have mistaken the former for a Lat. lemma.] 1 . The apparition, double, or wraith of a living person ; see quot. 1S25. 1787 Grose Prov. Gloss., Fetch , the apparition of a person living. N[orth Country]. 1825 J. Banim Tales O'Hara Earn., The Fetches, In Ireland, ‘a fetch* is the supernatural fac-simile of some individual, which comes to ensure to its original a happy longevity, or immediate dissolution ; if seen in the morning, the one event is predicted ; if in the evening, the other. 1830 Scott Demonol. vi. 177 His. .fetch or wraith, or double-ganger. 1862 Mary Leadbeater Ann. Ballitore I. vi. 188 She believed she had seen his fetch as a forerunner of his death. 1871 Tylor Prim. Cult. I. 408 The Earl of Cornwall met the fetch of his friend William Rufus. Jig. 1839 New Monthly Mag. LV. 342 Presentiment is the Fetch of danger. 2 . ? Com 6 . fetch-like = sense i. 1841 S. C. Hall Ircl. I. 13 Seeing his fetch-like before me. + Fetch, sb .3 Naut. Obs. var. or perversion of Fish sb . 2 1670 Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1711) 113, I was much afraid that I should lose my Main-mast, it fetched such Way, and broke the Spikes that fastned the Fetches with working. Fetch, obs. form of Vetch. Fetch (fetj), v. Forms : 1 feccan, faeccan, 2 feccean, 2-4 fec(c)hen, 3 Orm. fecchenn, 3-5 fechchen, south, vechchen, (3 feechen, fechin, 4 fec(c)hyn, 5 fetchyn), 4-6 fec(c)he, south. vecche, 4-5 fech, foc(c)he, 5-6 fac(c)h(e, south. vacche, (4 fochche), 3-6 fetche(n, fatche, (5 fotche), 9 dial, fatch, vetch, Sc. fesh, 6- fetch. Pa. t. 3 feehte, 5 feight(e, 8 fought, Sc. fush, 6- fetched. [OE. fecc\e)an ; according to Platt (Anglia VI.) and Sievers an altered form of fetian (see Fet vi), the originally syllabic i having, it is supposed, become consonantal, and the resulting combination (ty) having developed into the closely resembling sound expressed by cc, i.e. either the geminated palatal stop, or something between this and its mod. representative (tj). Cf. OE. orceard orchard from ort-geard. Although no other instance is known in which the change of ti into cc ( = tj) has occurred, the correctness of the ex¬ planation is strongly supported by the fact that in OE. the forms with cc are confined to those parts of the vb. in which the regular conjugation of fetian has an i. Thus fetian, fetie , fetiah gave place to feccan , fecce , fcccab, but feta t fetast, fetacl remained unchanged.] I. 1 . trails. To go in quest of, and convey or conduct back. The first part of the notion is often additionally expressed by go or come. a. with obj. a person or animal. c xooo ^Elfric Geit. xlii. 34 past je pisne eowerne bropur feccon. **1123 O. E. Chron. an. 1121 He his dohter let feccean. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 75 Wanne pu lest wenst dea 5 cume 5 to fecchende pe. a 1225 Ancr. R. 368 He wule .. uechchen hire allunge to him to glorie buten ende. la 1400 Chester PI. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 199 Goe fourthe, Joseph .. And fatche our sonne. c 1420 Chron. Vilod. 732 pey wolden pt thefle ou5t fache. 1535 Coverdale i Sam. xvii. 31 Saul v caused him [Dauid] be fetched. 1588 Shaks. Tit. A. 11. iii. 53 lie goe fetch thy sonnes To backe thy quarrel 1 . 1600 — A. Y. L. in. iii. 1, I wil fetch vp your Goates. 1632 J. Hay¬ ward tr. Bioiuii's Eromcna 104 The Frigat . . went to fetch her aboord. 1747 Hoadley Susp. Husb. 1. i, The Devil fetch me, Child, you look’d so prettily, that [etc.]. 1771 Franklin Autobiog. Wks. 1840 I. 30 There were some small boats and we called to them to fetch us. ^ 1845 E. Holmes Mozart 17 We are everywhere fetched .. in the carriages of the nobility. 1845 S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Rtf. II. 83 His hearers, .went armed to fetch him. b. with obj. a thing. c xooo Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxiv. 17 Ne ga he nyfiyr pat lie amij ping on his huse fecce. c 1200 Ormin 8633 H e badd tatt :$ho shollde himm pa an litell water fecchenn. c 1205 Lay. 17305 Brutes, .comen. .to faxhen pa stanes. ci 250 Gen. 4 Ex. 2889 Hem-seluen he fetchden 5 e chaf. c 1340 Cursor AT. 8716 (Fairf.) He bad ga focche his brande. c 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. 1347 Dido , And bad hire norice .. gon To fecliyn fyr. c 1400 Destr. Troy 4099 Poterhas & Protesselon .. fecchid out of Philace .. fyfte shippes. c 1460 Towneley Myst. 199 A stoylle Go fotche us. c 1511 1st Eng. Bk. Amer. (Arb.) Introd. 27 They can goen vnder the water & feche so the fysshes out of the water. 1546 Ludlo'iu Cltnrchw. Acc. (Camden) 26 A horse to fache the rope. 1610 Shaks. Temp. iv. i. 213, I will fetch off my bottle. 1632 Lithgow Trav. x. 477 Goe fetch me Wine. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. xv. 412 Our Guide made, .signs for us to fetch., some of our meat. 1722 De Foe yi/^///'7^«^^(i84o)46 Step and fetch my flute. 1809 Kendall Trav. II. xlvii. 150 He had then gone home, .to fetch a knife. 1837 Dickens Pichw. ii, The first cab had been fetched from the public-house. f c. To steal. Obs. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. iv. 51 Bothe my gees & my grys his gadelynges fecchelh. 1622 Fletcher B'ggars Bush v. i, 174 FETCH. FETCH. What \s the action we are for now ? ha ? .. The fetching of a back of clothes or so. d. To fetch and carry, lit . chiefly of dogs (cf. Carry 2) ; fig. to run backwards and forwards with news, tales, etc. Hence (nonce-wd.) fetch-and- carry adj., tale-bearing. 1591 Shaks. Two Gent. in. i. 274 Her Masters-maid. .hath more qualities then a Water-Spaniell .. Imprimis, Sliee can fetch and carry. 1696 Loud. Gaz. No. 3229/4 A brown Gelding ..will fetch and carry like a Dog. 1770 Foote Lame Lover 11. Wks. 1799 11 . 80 Miss is so fond of fetching and carrying. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) V. 226 A raven .. may be taught to fetch and carry like a spaniel. 1818 Scott Hrt. Midi, xlix, That fetch-and-carry tell-tale. 1871 B. Taylor Faust (1875) I. xii. 145 As if nobody had nothing to fetch and carry, But spying all the doings of one’s neighbor. 2 . To cause to come, as by a summons or con¬ straining force; to succeed in bringing; to draw forth, elicit (eg. blood, tears, etc.). Now rare. c 1374 Chaucer A net. 4 * Arc. 341 To your routh, and to your trouth I crye, But well away, to ferre been they to fetch. 1552 Huloet, Fetche by callinge, acccrso. 1553 Bale Vocacyon in Hart. Misc. (Malh.) I. 348 They can fatch their frendes sowles from flaminge purgatory. 1580 Sidney Arccuiia iv. (1590) 427 Shee .. with a pitiful cry fetched his eyes unto her. 1596 Shaks. Tam. Shr. Induct, ii. 48 Thy hounds shall. .fetch shrill ecchoes from the hollow earth. 1621 Bp. Hall Heaven upon Earth § 4 An vnwonted extremitie of the blow shall fetch blood of the soule. 1622 Sparrow Bk. Com. Prayer (1661) 119 A new Star .. fetcht the Sages of the East to., worship him. 1691 Ray Creation (1714) 228 The infant after divers times drawing fetch’d some milk. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. xvi. 442 The way of fetching Fire out of Wood. 1733 Pope Ess. Man m. 222 Fetch th’ aerial eagle to the ground. 1821 Clare Fill. Minstr. I.25 Sympathy would fetch the tear From each young list’ner. 1862 Thackeray Four Georges ii, The great bell fetches us into a parlor. b. To make (the butter) * come ’ by churning. *853 J ml. R. Agric. Soc. XIV. 1. 74 The old barrel-churn ..will fetch it [butter] in cold weather in a quarter of an hour. 1844 W. Barnes Poems Rural Life , Dorset Dial., A Witch 21 Tha cooden vetch the butter in the churn. c. To fetch the water, and (hence) to fetch the pump : to obtain a flow of water by ‘ priming 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789), Charger la pompe, to fetch the pump, c 1790 Imison Sell. Art I. 170 Water is commonly poured thereon down the pipe, vulgarly called fetching the water. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk ., Fetching the pump. + d. To restore to consciousness ; =12 b. Obs. 1621 Lady M.Wroth Urania 493 She.. then fainted againe, and againe they fetched her. 1728 Gay Begg. Op. 1. viii, Give her another Glass .. This, you see, fetches her. 1744 Much Ado in 6*. Fielding y s Lett. D. Simple (1752) II. 185 She is coming, Madam, to herself—I believe we have fetched her. 3 . Of a commodity: To ‘bring in’, realize, sell for (a certain price). + Also rarely of money: To purchase, procure (commodities). 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 11. 48 b, As money will fetch all other commodities, so this knowledge is that which should purchase all the rest. 1695 Locke Further Consid. Value of Money (ed. 2) 103 During such a state, Silver in the Coin will never fetch as much as the Silver in Bullion. 1752 Foote Taste 1. 3 The Guido, what did that fetch? 1832 Ht. Martineau Homes Abroad iv. 57 His land.. fetched 155. an acre. 1878 Bosw. Smith Carthage 358 Wretched creatures, .exposed for what little they could fetch in the Roman Forum. 4 . To move to interest, admiration, or goodwill by some happy contrivance or telling feature ; to attract irresistibly. Also ah sol. to ‘ take *, attract, be telling or effective. Not in dignified use. 1605 B. Jonson Volpone I. ii, I apprehend What thoughts he has..That this would fetch you. 1607 Dekker Westw. Hoe 1 11. ii, Earl. Hal Bird. O, I thought I should fetch you. 1708 Mrs. Centlivre Busie Body 1. i. Wks. 1872 II. 64 If thou’rt in Love with two hundred, Gold will fetch ’em. 1819 L. Hunt Indicator No. 2 (1822) 1 .10 A venerable piece of earthenware .. will fetch his imagination more than ever it fetched potter. 1882 Besant A ll Sorts xxx, You shall.. come on dressed in a pink costoom, which generally fetches at an entertainment. 1886 J. K. Jerome Idle Thoughts (1889) 109 To say that the child has got its father's nose., fetches the parents. -|- 5 . To go and receive; to obtain, get (an object of pursuit) ; to ‘come by’ (one’s death). Obs. a izoo Moral Ode 222 Ich etches worldes wele per me mahte feche. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 187 Manie mannisshe folgeden ure drihte .. sume to fechen at him here hele. £1205 Lav. 6460 piSerward wende }>e king .. to-ward poll dcore per he dse 3 fsehte [ctzygfeatte]. c 1340 Gam. y Gr. Knt. 96 pou schal seche me pi-self.. & foch pe such wages As ou deles me to day. 1377 Langl. P. PI. 13 . ix. 169 If pc deuel help To folwen after pe [Dunmow] flicche, fecche pei it neuere. 1489-90 Plumpton. Corr. (1839) 91 Fech your pardon and my ladyes. a 155s Latimer Semi. ,$• Rein. (1845) 179 Christ sent this man unto the priest to fetch there his absolution. 1656 Waller Panegyric to Cromwell iv, The seat of empire, where the Irish come .. to fetch their doom. b. colloq. To obtain, ‘take out’ (a court sum¬ mons, etc.) against a person. Also To fetch law of: to bring an action against. 1832 Examiner 412/2 They were better pleased at what they had done than if they had ‘ fetched law ’ of him. 0 . To draw, derive, ‘ borro\y ’ from a source, esp. from one more or less remote. Const, from or out of. Now rare. 1552 Huloet, Fetche out of boke, dep7'omere. a 1568 Ascham Scholem. 1. (Arb.) 72 Italie now, is not .. so fitte a place .. for yong men. .to fetch either wisedome or honestie from thence. 1591 G. Fletcher Russe Coiiunw. (Hakluyt Soc.) 8 The right [river] Ocka .. fetcheth his head from the borders of the Chrim. 1604 Shaks. Oth. 1. ii. 21, I fetch my life and being, From Men of Royall Seige. 1631 Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 277 A. .fashion, .fetched from the French. 1651 R. Child in HartliPs Legacy (1655) 11, I desire not to fetch Causes afar off, and to tell you of the sad Conjunctions of Mars and Saturn. 1655 Culpepper Rive inns xm. i. 363 The Cure of this Disease.. you must fetch.. from the Chapter treating thereof. 1712 Addison Sped. No. 321 IP 13 He fetched this beautiful Circumstance from the Iliad. 1806-7 J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) v. Conch, To fetch a parallel case out of Roman history. 1871 R. H. Hutton Ess. (1877) I. 37 A so-called ‘equivalent’ for concrete fact., has. .been fetched out of actual existence. + b. To derive as from a cause or origin; to infer (an argument, conclusion). Obs. 1567 Maplet Gr. Forest 27 The thirde difference is fetched from their tast or sauor. 1625 Burges Pers. Tithes 2 Nor to fetch any Argument from that Tenet to proue the point in hand. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. 1. iii. § 3 That they were the more Eastern Chaldaeans. . Scaliger. .fetcheth from the signification of the word. 1668 Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. 1. ix. 20 From the indignation [of the Py¬ lorus] he fetches the cause of the Palsie. 1691 Ray Creation (1701) 251 Some fetch an Argument of Providence from the variety of Lineaments in the Faces of Men. f c. To deduce (the origin of); to derive (a pedigree, etc.). To fetch far or higher : to find a distant or higher origin for. Also absol. Obs. 1553 Bale Vocacyon in Hart. Misc. (Malh.) I. 355 To fatch this thinge from the first foundacion. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach’s Husb. 1. (1586) 4 b, As farre as I can fetche my petigree, all my Auncestours were occupiers of husbandry. 1581 Petite Guazzo'sCiv. Conv. 11. (1586)99 b, By the example of Lysimachus. .Yea, and without fetching so farre, wee see [etc.]. 1635 N. R. Camdens Hist. Eliz. ir. 113 Touching this Rebellion (to fetch the matter a little higher). 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. 1. i. § 11 Many great Families., fetched their pedegree from the Gods. J* d. To derive (a word) etymologically. Obs . 1605 R. Carew in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 100 Some [words] are directlie fetched from the latine. 1605 Camden Rcm. (1637) 75> I rather would fetch Hoel from Heelius. 1680 Morden Geog.Rcct. (1685) 43 The more Iudicious fetch their Name from the Bay. .called by Mela, Sinus Codanus. 7 . To draw, get, take (breath, fa breathing); now rare. Hence by extension. To heave (a sigh); to utter (a groan, scream) ; to drain (a draught). 1552 Huloet, Fetche breath or winde, prospiro. 1565 Cooper Thesaurus , Asthma , a disease, when .. a man can hardely fetch his breathe. 1580 Sidney Arcadia hi. (1590) 276 Damcetas .. had fetched many a sower breathed sigh. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts (1658) 293 The Horse will .. fetch his breath short. 1633 J. Hayward tr. Biondi’s Ero- mena 106 The sicke woman. .(fetching a deepe sigh) return’d her this answer. 1691 G. Emilianne Observations 248 They drink in good earnest, and fetch the greatest Draughts they can. 1707 J. Stevens tr. Qucvedds Com. Whs. (1709) 53 Fetching such dreadful Groans. 1735 Ld. G. Lyttleton Lett. fr. a Persian (1744) 132 She fetched a Scream. 1748 J. Mason Elocut. 24 You are not to fetch your Breath., till you come to the Period. 1802 T. Beddoes Ilygeia vii. 62 The child .. was still fetching deep sobs. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge xxii, ‘ Very good ’, said Mr. Tappertit, fetching a long breath. 1875 Howells Foregone Concl. 145 The young girl, .fetched a long sigh, b. absol. (See quot.) 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss., To Fetch , painfully to draw in the breath. 8. To deal, strike (a blow) ; to make (a stroke). Now chiefly colloq . + To fetch a fetch : to try a stratagem. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. A. 1157 No+yng my3t me dere To fecn me bur & take me halte. 1559 Mirr. Mag., fas. I Scotl. iii, He false traytour .. To get the crowne, began to fetch a fetch. 1611 Bible Dent. xix. 5 His hand fetcheth a stroke with the axe. 1664 E. Bushnell Compl. Shipwright 68 To fetch a stroake with the Oares. 1678 Bunyan Pilgr. 1. 72 Apollyon was fetching of his last blow. 1865 Punch XLIX. 228 Fetch *im [a donkey] a good whack ’ith your rumbereller! 1888 Sheffield Gloss, s. v., I’ll fetch thee a nope [knock]. + b. Hence, To‘ haveat’, reach,strike (a person). 1556 J- Heywood Spider # F. lvii. Bbj b, Vew yonder copweb castell .. Behold .. How thordinance lieth : flies fer and nere to fach. 1608 Shaks. Per. 11. i. 17 I’ll fetch thee with a wannion. 1625 Bacon Ess., Vicissitude (Arb.) 575 The Conditions of Weapons, and their Improuement are; First, the Fetching a farre of. 9 . To make or perform (a movement); to take (a walk, run, leap, etc.). Of a river; To make (a turn, winding, etc.). Obs. exc. arch. 153° Palsgr. 548/2, I fetche a gambolde or a fryske in daunsyng. 1596 Shaks. Mcrch. V. v. i. 73 Colts, Fetching mad bounds. 1601 Holland Pliny 1 .108 The riuer.. fetcheth such windings to and fro. 16x1 Beaum. & Fl. Maid's Trag. iii. i, She. .did fetch so still a sleep. 1632 Lithgow Trav. v. 205, I would often fetch a walke, to stretch my legs. 1669 Dryden Tyrawiic Love iv. ii, Some faint Pilgrim .. re¬ solv’d to fetch his leap .. Runs to the Bank. 1700 Con¬ greve Way of World iv. iv, If so be that I might not be troublesome, I would have fought a walk with you. 1758 Mrs. Delany Autobiog. (1861) III. 508 According to the country phrase, yesterday Sally and I ‘ fetched a charming walk 1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. I. 213 The River fetches a large Winding. 1762 Sterne Tr. Shandy V. xxix. Suddenly. .he fetched a gambol upon one foot. 1795 Jemima 1 .105 They are all. .gone to fetch an airing. 1829 Southey Corr. with C. Bowles (1881) 181 ,1 shall, .in vulgar English, fetch a. walk. 1859 Thackeray Virgin. (1879) !• 364 Mr. Warrington, .was gone to fetch a walk in the moonlight. b. Phrases, + To fetch one's birr, course, feeze (see Birr 2, Course sb. 11, Feeze sb. 1 b); to fetch a circuit : see Circuit 3d; to fetch a compass: see Compass sb. 11 d. *535 [see Compass sb. nd]. 1547 J* Harrison Exhort. Scottes 213 As one that intendeth to make a greate lepe, I muste .. ronne back to fetche my course. 1547, 1551 [see Circuit 3 d]. 1552 Huloet, Fetche a compasse in speakinge, ambagio. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 11. ii. m, A long-winged hawk .. mounts aloft and. .fetcheth many a circuit in the air. 1653 Milton Hirelings Wks. (1851) 384 Train’d up .. by the Scripture .. without fetching the compass of other Arts and Sciences. 1722 De Foe Plague (1754) 147 Leaving Stepney, they fetched a long Compass. Ibid. 16 My Brother . .fetch’d a Round farther into Buckinghamshire. 1814 Scott Wav. lxii, He fetched a large circuit..avoiding the hamlet. 1837, a 1847 [see Compass sb. 11 dj. 1859 Tennent Ceylon II. viii. iv. 350 It is .. necessary to fetch a circuit of many miles. 1883 Century Mag. XXVI. 907/1 He had fetched a compass of the whole [isle]. 10 . Naut. (see also branch II). a. To arrive at, come to, reach; to come up with (a vessel). 1556 W. Towrson in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 98 It was the 14 day of'October before we could fetch Dartmouth. 1693 Loud. Gaz. No. 2888/3 After the Enemy had fetched them [ships]. 1748 Anson s Voy. 11. ii. 129 The Gloucester, .spent a month in her endeavours to fetch the bay. 1795 Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1845) II. 13 We could have fetched the Sans Culotte. 1835 Marryat Joe. Faithf. viii, You’ll not fetch the bridges this tide. 1880 Mrs. Parr Adam Eve v. 69 A poor nigger-black, who never fetched the shore alive. transf. and fig. 1637 Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. 212, I know that, .ye intend to fetch heaven, .and to take it with the wind on your face. 1667 Milton P. L. viii. 137 If Earth industrious of her self fetch Day Travelling East. b. To get into (the wake of a vessel); to get into the course or current of (the wind - ). ? Obs. 1630 R. Johtison's Kingd. <5* Conimw. 239 Outward they touch to take in fresh water, and fetch the wind. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. 1. 19 The Chase is about, come fetch her wack. 1671 R. Bohun Wind 90 They should make a circuit without the Tropicks, to fetch their Western Winds. 1748 Anson’s Voy. iii. viii. 377 Little more than a league distant from the galeon, and could fetch her wake. c. To fetch headway or sternway : ‘ said of a vessel gathering motion ahead or astern * (Adm. Smyth). d. To fetch way: to move or shift (from the proper place) ; to break loose. Cf. 13. 1670 Narborough Jml. in Acc. Scv. Late Voy. 1. (1711) 113 My Main-mast .. fetched such Way. 1769 Falconer Did. Marine (1789), The mast fetches way. 1800 Naval Chron. IV. 55 A shot has fetched way in the gun. 1840 ]\Iarryat' Poor Jack xxiii, The upper part of the cargo fetched way a little, for it was loosely stowed. 1867 Smyth Sailor s Word-bk., To fetch way: said of a gun or anything which escapes from its place by the vessel’s motion at sea. e. intr. To take a course; to reach a specified position, bring one’s vessel up. 1586 Marlowe 1st Pt. Tamburl. iii. iii. 256 The Persian fleet and men of war.. Have fetched about the Indian conti¬ nent. 1669 Narborough Jml. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1711) 8 Two points of land by which a man may fetch into any part of the Bay. 1772-84 Cook Voy. (1790) V. 1811 We stood over to Cape Elizabeth, under which we fetched at about five in the afternoon. 1836 Marryat Midsh. Easy xiii, He .. tacked in shore, and fetched well to windward of the low point. 1839 — Phant. Ship xix, The Dart .. tacked, and fetched alongside of the frigate. 1883 J. D. J. Kelly in Harpers Mag. Aug. 447/2 A boat, .with ability to fetch to windward. + f. To fetch of, upon : to gain upon. Obs. 1659 D. Pell Intpr. Sea 312 Our ships .. fetching abun¬ dantly of them. 1693 Land. Gaz. No. 2888/2 The Admiral . .of the Blqe. .fetching very fast upon us. II. Idiomatically combined with ad vs. (For non-specialized comb., see the simple senses and the advs.) + 11 . retch about, a. trails. In sense 9, 9 b, To fetch about a compass, to fetch a way about. Hence with ellipsis of object: To take a round¬ about course or method. + Also ref. in same sense. 1551 Robinson More's Utop. 11. (Arb.) 72 Which fetcheth about a circuite or compasse of v. c. miles, c 1585 R. Browne Ansiv. Cartwright 6 What neecle hee haue fetched about and made suche adoo. 1595 Shaks. John iv. ii. 24 Like a shifted winde vnto a saile, It makes the course of thoughts to fetch about. 1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. iv. i, You fetch about well, but lets talke in present. 1625 Bacon Ess., Cunning (Arb.) 441 It is strange, how .. farre about they will fetch. 1650 W. Brough Sacr. Princ. (1659) 551 Tacking and fetching yourselves about as the wind serves. 1825 Mrs. Sherwood Young Forester in Houlston Tracts I. 11. 5 Fetching a way about, in order that his brothers might not trace his steps. b. To swing round (the arm, a weapon) so as to gather impetus for a stroke. Also intr. for rcjl. 1609 Bible(D ouay) 1 Kings xvii. 49 Fetching it [the sling] about [he] stroke the Philistian in the forehead. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk <$• Selv. 122 To gather strength enough (as the arm does by fetching about). + c. To contrive, devise, plan. Obs. 1611 Bible 2 Sam. xiv. 20 To fetch about this forme of speech. 1667 H. More Div. Dial. 1. xxvii. (1713) 56 This is cunningly fetch’d about. 12 . retch again. + a. trans. To take or get back ; to recoup, make good. Obs. 1535 Coverdale 2 Sam. viii. 3 He wente to fetch his power agayne. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 917 When God had fetcht againe all the life W’hich he had given. 1617 Hikron Wks. (1619-20) II. 251 To fetch againe those losses which he hath receyued. + b. To revive, restore to consciousness. Obs. x6oi Bp. W. Barlow Serm. Paules Crosse 49 To fetch her againe. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 694 (1627) 174 For smells, wee FETCH, 175 FETIAL. see their great and sudden Effect in fetching Men again, when they swoune. 1669 Bunyan Holy Citie 252 Revivings, that, (.like Aquavitae) do fetch again, and chear up the soul. 13. Fetch away. intr. To move or shift from its proper place ; to get loose. Cf. 10 cl. 1769 Falconer Diet . Marine (1789), Chock , a .. wedge used to confine a cask .. to prevent it from fetching away when the ship is in motion. 1808 Sporting Mag. XXX. 123 We fetch away, and are tossed to the farthest side of the cabin. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xx. (1856) 152 Even anchors and quarter-boats, have ‘ fetched away ’. 1890 W. C. Russell Ocean Trag. II. xxi. 182 Every.. article on the breakfast table fetching away with a hideous crash. 14. Fetch down, trans. = bring down (Bring v. 18 ), but more colloquial and expressive of vigorous action, a. To bring to the ground by a shot or a blow. b. To force down (prices, etc.''. 1705 Bosman Guinea (1721) 298 This vast Number of Shot ..were not sufficient to fetch him [Elephant] down. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 155, I levell’d all at Hamet, and..had the good Fortune to fetch him down. 1801 Windham Sp. (1812) II. 30 There were but few whom they were able to fetch down at a blow. 1841 R. B. Peake Court <$• City 1. iii, The late war has fetched down the price of women. 1879 R. H. Elliot Written on Foreheads I. 7 Fetching down the young rooks from the tree tops. 15. Fetch in. f a. trans. To gain for an ad¬ herent. Obs. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 248 All the powers and craft of hell cannot fetch him in for a customer to evill. 1647-8 Cotterell Davila's Hist. Fr. (1678) 13 Like artifices were used to fetch in the rest. t b. To close in upon, surround; to enclose, take in. Also to include (in one’s voyage). 1563 Golding C&sar (1565) 68 They fetched in on euery syde and slew those that stoode in good hope, .of wynning theyr Campe. 1594 Blundevil Exerc. v. (ed. 7) 565 He .. turning to the South, did fetch in all the Sea-Coasts untill he came to Capo Razo. 1670-98 Lassels Voy. Italy I. 65 A cage of Iron .. so high that it fetcheth in a world of Laurel. t c. To c take in *; cheat. Obs. 1592 Greene Upst. Courtier in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) II. 242 They were all fethered of one winge to fetch in young gentlemen. 1612 Rowlands More Knaucs Yet ? 33 Who will be drawne at Dice and Cards to play. .And be fetch’d in for all that’s in his purse ? 16. Fetch off. t a. To bring out of a difficulty ; to deliver, rescue. Cf. bring off. Obs. 1648 Jenkyn Blind Guide i. 16 This hereticall and pedicu¬ lous soul fetcheth off himself thus. 1650 R. Stapylton Stradds Low-C. Warres in. 62 The whole Market-place.. strove to fetch off the prisoners. + b. To ‘ do ’ or ‘ do for 9 ; to get the better of; to make an end of. Obs. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV , in. ii. 324 As I returne, I will fetch off these Iustices. 1613 Notorious Cousnages of J. «$• A. West vi, She hath fetcht off Usurers and Misers, as finely as they fetch off young heires. 1618 in Gutch Coll. Cur. II. 423 My Lord of Essex was fetcht off by a trick. 1633 Bp. Hall Occas. Medit. lxxvii. 190 What fine devises .. to fetch off lives. 1653 H. More Antid. Ath. hi. xi. (1712) 122 We may add a third [Question], which may haply fetch off the other two. + c. To drain, drink off (a draught). Cf. 7* Obs. 1657 W. Rand tr. Gassendi’s Life of Peiresc 11. 99 He fetcht off the Lusty Bowie of wine. Ibid. 11. 137 Novellius Torquatus. .is reported to have fetcht off at one draught.. three Congii or Roman Gallons of wine. 17. Fetch out. To draw forth; to bring into clearness ; to develop and display. 1644 Milton Educ ., These ways, .if there were any Secret excellence among them would fetch it out. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 215 p 1 Marble .. shews none of its inherent Beauties, till the Skill of the Polisher fetches out the Colours. 1847 L. Hunt Jar Honey x. (1848) 134 It fetches out.. the most beautiful strength of the human heart. 18. Fetch over. + a. trans. To succeed in delivering (a blow). Obs. a 1640 J. Ball Anno. to Can 1. (1642) 119 He might fetch over a sure blow upon us. f b. To get the better of. Obs. c 1600 Day Bcgg. Bednall Gr. 11. ii. (1881) 35 ’Tis he that I fetch’d over for the sattin suite and left him in pawn for the reckoning. 1680 R. L’Estrange Colloq. Erasm. 199 They have fetch’d me over many and many a time. + c. To go over; to repeat. Obs. 1642 Rogers Naaman 606 What might be the cause why Isaac fetcht over the blessing the second time. 19. Fetch up. + a. trans. To bring to a higher level or position; to elevate, raise. Obs. 1606 Shaks. Ant. <5- Cl. iv. xv. 35 The strong wing’d Mercury should fetch thee vp, And set thee by loves side. 1607-12 Bacon Ess., Seeming Wise (Arb.) 216 Hee fetched one of his browes vp to his forehead. 1705 Addison Italy (J.), Any of those arts, .may be fetched up to its perfection in ten .. years. 1711 — Sped. No. 119 p 3 They have .. fetched themselves up to the Fashion of the polite World. b. To vomit. Also of a medicine, etc.: To promote expectoration of. Cf. bring up. 1599 H. Buttes Dyets drie Dinner N iij b, Butter .. fetcheth up fleame doddered about the breast and lungs. 1622 Massinger Virg. Mart. v. i, Fetch up What thou hast swallowed. c. To recall (to the mind) ; to bring to light. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 454 To fetch up olde wordes from forgetfulnesse. 1817 Chalmers Astron. Disc. iv. (1852) 93 The knowledge .. he cannot fetch up himself from the obscurity of this wondrous.. scene. + d. To rouse or stir up (a horse). Obs . 1565 Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Equus , To fetch vp with the spurre. 1573 in Baret Alv. F 401. + e. To overthrow, * trip up 9 . Obs. 1615 T. Adams Spir. Nauig. 43 The strongest Sampson has been fetched up by this wrastler. f. To make lip (lee way, lost ground, time, etc.). 1665 J. Wilson Projectors 1. Dram. Wks. (1874) 227, I shall have the custody of the parish stock. If that will serve you, command it ; we shall be able, I hope, to fetch it up again before my time be out. 1709 Stanhope Paraphr. IV. 122 Penitents, .will. .fetch up the Time they have lost. 1741 Richardson Pamela (1824) 1 . 122 Mrs. Jewkes lies snoring in bed, fetching up her last night’s disturbance. 1794 T. Jei'ferson Writ. (1859) IV. 112 The time is coming when we shall fetch up the lee-way of our vessel. 1825 Thomas Brcnvn in Houlston Tracts I. xvi. 3 Thomas did not mind playing a day or two in the week, for .. he knew he could easily fetch it up again. 1846 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. VII. 11. 686 [They] have much lee way to fetch up. + g. To come up with, overtake. Obs. a 1622 R. Hawkins Voy.S. Sea (1847) 179 Being out of hope to fetch up this shippe. 1669 Sturmy Mariners Mag. 1. 14 The Moon must go longer 2 days .. before she can fetch up the Sun, to come into Conjunction with her. 1692 R. L’Estrange Fables cxxxiii, Says he [the Hare], I can fetch up the Tortoise when I please. 1751 Paltock P. Wilkins I. v. 45 We fetched her up, and. .fired a shot. h. Naut. To come or get to (a place); to reach ; to come in sight of; (also To fetch tip the sight of) to sail along. ? Obs. 1556 W. Towrson in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 108 It is hard to fetch upp a towne here if a shippe ouer shoote it. 1632 Litiigow Trav. in. 96 As we fetched up the sight of Nicasia. Ibid. v. 181 We fetched up the coast of Cylicia. Ibid. ix. 398 We fetched up the little lie of Strombolo. i. intr. for reft. To come to a stand; to ‘ pull up *; to stop. 1858 Hawthorne Fr. <$• It. Jrnls. V. 705 When in quest of any particular point, are likely enough t® fetch up at some other. Fetch.-, the vb.-stem in comb, with adv., as fetch-after, see quot. 1S88 ; with sb. as obj. + fetch-fire attrib .; fetch-water, a water-carrier. 1598 Chapman Iliad vi. 495 But spin the Greek wives’ webs of task, and their fetch-water be. 1784 Unfortunate Sensibility II. 10 In a country-town a much less change would have been a sufficient topic for a fetch-fire gossip, or a bake-house conversation. 1888 Lancet 30 June 1308 The forms of caterpillar known .. popularly .. as ‘ fetch-afters ’, from their mode of progression. Fetch-candle. = Fetch-light. 1852 H. Wedgwood in N. # Q. 1st Ser. VI. 17 The super¬ stition. .in Pembrokeshire appears in the shape of the fetch- candle. (In mod. Diets.) Fetched (fetjt), ppl. a. [f. Fetch v. -1- -ed k] Only in combs., as Deep-fetched, Far-fetched. Fetcher (fetjai). [f. Fetch v. + -er k] 1 . One who or that which fetches, in various senses of the verb. Also in phrase fetcher and carrier , and in comb., as waterfetcher , etc. 1552 Huloet, Fetcher of water. Aquarius. 1580 Holly- band Treas. Fr. Tong , Faiseur de soubresaults , a fetcher of gamboldes, a tumbler. 1601 Weever Mirr. Mart. B vij, The fetcher of Euridice from hell. 1751 Gray Wks. (1825) II. 161 You will take me for a mere poet and a fetcher and carrier of sing-song, a 1863 Thackeray Mr. $ Airs. Berry ii, The poor fellow has been employed..in the same office of fetcher and carrier. 1877 Kinglake Crimea VI. vi. 97 The wood and the water fetchers went out. fb. spec, (see quot. 1890). Obs. 1890 P. H. Brown George Buchanan ii. 27 Lads pro¬ ceeding to Cambridge from the remoter districts went in a body under a ‘fetcher’. 1892 Q. Rev. Jan. 24 The students .. were collected by ‘ fetchers * brought to Oxford, &c. 2 . With advbs., as fetcher in. 1611 Chapman Iliad i. 167 Of fight (the fetcher in of this) My hands haue most share. 1660 Howell, Fetcher in, ameneur. Fetching (fe*tjn]),z///. sb. [f. Fetch z/. + -ing k] 1 . The action of the vb. Fetch in various senses. + Fetching of boards : tacking: see Board sb. 15. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus v. 890 Swich wreche on hem, for fecchyng of Eleyne, Ther shal ben take. 1464 Nottingham Rec. II. 377 For fecchyng of money at Retforde by ij tymes. 1581 Mulcaster Positions xx. (1887) 84 To procure easie fetching of ones breath, it is verie soueraine. 1622 Mabbe tr. Aleman''s Guzman d’Alf. I. hi. v. 216 Let me liue..in a spacious Countrey, .where there is few fetching of boords. 1672 Petty Pol. Anat. (1691) 76 Fuel costs nothing but fetching. 1727 De Foe Syst. Magic v. iii. 89 To give them Job’s goods merely for fetching. 1882 Miss Braddon Alt. Royal I. ii. 57, I hate such fetching and carrying. 1884 H. M. Leathes Notes Nat. Hist, no Their [dogs’] natural propensities for hunting, watching, and fetching. 2 . With again , up , etc. : see adv. combs, of verb. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. II. 770 The fetching forth of this noble man to his honour and welth. 1617 Hieron Wks. II. 252 The reuiuing and fetching againe of a decayed Christian ! 1633 Bp. Hall Occas. Aledit. (1851) 205 The fetching up my soul from this vale of misery and tears. 1673 Penn Chr. a Quaker xxii. 588 It is not Fetching in this Thought .. that gives Right Peace. Fetching'(fe'tjiij),///. a. [f. Fetch v. + -ing^.] + 1 . That contrives, plans, schemes; crafty, de¬ signing. Obs. 1581 Pettie Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. 11. (1586) 97 b, Such fetching heads .. consume themselves in a manner awaie, in devising new kindes of extortion. 1583 Foxe A. <$• AI. (ed. 4) 575/1 What cannot the fetchyng practise of the Romish Prelates bring about? 2 . Alluring, fascinating, pleasing, ‘ taking \ 1880 Mrs. Forrester Roy V. I. 284 There is nothing.. so fetching as a beautiful voice. 1881 Miss Braddon Asph. xxvii. 297^ ‘ What a fetching get-up,’ said Edgar. 1891 Athenxum 21 Nov. 685/2 The imitation from Wordsworth is particularly * fetching Hence Fetchingly adv. 1889 Cath. Neics 3 Aug. 5/1 She was fetchingly attired. t Fetch-life. Obs. rare~^. In quot. -liefe. [? f. Fetch vb. + Life.] ? A messenger sent to ‘fetch’ the soul of a dying person. 1583 Stanyhurst SEneis iv. 486(Arb.) in On thee turrets the skrich howle, lyke fetchliefe ysetled, Her burial roundel doth ruck. Fetch-light. [Of uncertain formation ; peril, f. Fetch sbA, if that be an old word. But it may be f. Fetch v., as the ‘ corpse-candle ’ is supposed to be a light sent to ‘ fetch ’ the doomed person.] A name given (app. in South Wales) to the 1 corpse-candle ’ (Welsh canwyll corff), a spectral light supposed to be seen before a person’s death travelling from his house to his grave. 1692 Athenian Mercury VI. vi. i/r Before the Death of any person in the Family, there is an Appearance vulgarly called a Fetch-light. + Fetchling, var. of Vetchling Obs. 1631 R. Child in Harttib's Legacy (1755) 1 Saint Foine, called by Parkinson. .Medick Fetchling. Fete (fft, fe l t), sb. [a. Y. fete : see Feast jA] 1 . A festival, an entertainment on a large scale. *754 H. Walpole Lett. (1857) II. 308 The great fete at St. Cloud. 1779 Sheridan Critic in. Wks. 1873 II. 184, I suppose Thames .. to compliment Britannia with a fete in honour of the victory. 1818 Byron Alazeppa iv, He gave prodigious fetes, a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) I- 212 Titled dames gave fetes upon the water. 1849 Thackeray Pen - dennis i, The guests at my Lord So-and-so’s fete. 2 . The festival of the saint after whom a person is named; in Roman Catholic countries observed as the birthday is in England. 1840 Thackeray Paris Sk.-bk. (1869) 143 It is the fete of little Jacob yonder, whose brothers and sisters have all come from their schools to dance at his birthday. 1877 [see 3]. 3 . attrib.) as fete-day \ also fete-contractor, one who contracts to provide a fete or entertainment. 1817 J. Scott Paris Revisit, (ed. 4) 270 The towns of France have all their particular fete days. 1877 J. T. Fields Underbrush (1881) 224 A Councillor of the Parliament, sent her on her fete-day, a bouquet. 1885 Mabel Collins Prettiest Woman viii, Life was like one long fete day. 1886 York Herald 7 Aug. 2/5 Public caterer, decorator, and fete contractor. Hence Fe'teless «., having no fete. 1861 Cunningham Wheat 4 * Tares 50 The poor feteless children haunted him. Fete (f^t), v. [ad. Y. feteV) f. fete : see prec.] trans. To entertain (a person) at a fete ; to feast; also, to give a fete in honour of, commemorate (some event, etc.) by a fete. 1819 Edin. Rev. XXXII. 221 He was in general too fond of flattering and ‘ feteing ’ his master, a 1845 Barham Ingot. Leg., Hermann, The murder thus out, Hermann’s feted and thanked. 1849 Thackeray Pendcnnis Ixvi, The. .two foot¬ men .. intoxicated the page at a wine-shop, to fete Laura’s recovery. 1879 Huxley Hume 36 Great nobles feted him. 1892 Nation (N. Y.) 29 Sept. 239/2 The Government .. judging, .that the anniversary of the invasion of the Tuileries by the people, .ought not to be feted. Hence Fe ted///, a. 1852 Mrs. Smythies Bride Elect xxxiii, Fair and feted guest as she was ! Fete, obs. form of Feat. II Fete-champetre. [Fr.; f. fete (see Fete sb.) + champitre ruralL. campcstrem, f. campus a field.] An outdoor entertainment, a rural festival. 1774 H. Walpole Lett. H. Mann (1857) VI. 88 He gives her a most splendid entertainment .. and calls it a fete champetre. 1800 Mar. Edgeworth Belmda xi, He began to talk of the last fete champetre at Frogmore. 1884 S. Dowell Taxes in Eng. III. 281 The battue system deve¬ loped into the sort of fete champetre, with hot lunch, cham¬ pagne, and liveried attendants. Feteesh, obs. form of Fetish. Fetel(es, var. Fetles, ME., vessel. Fetessor, obs. form of Fetisher. Fetfa, var. of Fetwa. Fether(e, obs. form of Feather. + Fe'therfooted. Obs. rare— 1 , [f. OE. *fder- comb. form of ftower, Four. Cf. OY.fiderfot , ftte in same sense.] Fourfooted. £1175 Lamb. Horn. 43 Innan J> an ilke sea weren un- aneomned deor summe feSer fotetd, summe al bute fet. + Fethok. Sc. Obs. rare -1 . [A variant form of Fitchew.] A polecat. 1424 Sc. Acts pas. I (1814) II. 6 And for x fulmartis skynnis, called fethokis, viijif. •f Fe'thre, 1>. Obs. Tn 3 south. ve'StSre. [repr. OE. *fedran, i. fiber cs load : see Fothek.] trans. To load. a 1225 Artcr. R. 140 Lonerd .. fu hauest imaked uoSer to heui uorte ue< 5 ren mide (c soule. Ibid. 204 Uor hit is iue 55 red (et is, icharged. Fetial, fecial (fr-Jal), a. and sb. [ad. L. fetidlis (erroneously fee -): of unknown origin.] A. adj. Of or pertaining to the fctiales (see B.) ; hence, heraldic, ambassadorial. Fetial law : the Roman law relating to declarations of war and treaties of peace. *553 Grimalde Cicero's Offices 1. (1558) 16 The feciall lawe of the people of Rome. 1684 tr. Agrippa's Van. Arts FETICIDE. 176 FETLOCKED. lxxxi. 279 Every Servile and Mechanick-fellow, fecial Messengers, and Caduceators. 1826 Kent Comm. 6 The fecial law relating to declarations of war. 1839 W. 0 . Manning Lain Nations iv. vi. (1875) 196 The Romans, whose fecial college, etc. 1866 Cornh. Mag. Nov. 631 The members of the Fetial profession. B. sb. One of the fetiales, a Roman college of priests, who fulfilled the function of heralds, and performed the rites connected with the declaration of war and the conclusion of peace. 1533 Bellenden Livy 1. (1822) 41 ‘Deliver to me,* said the Feciall, ‘the herbe.’ 1602 Segar Hon. Mil. <$• Civ. 1. iii. 4 It was not lawful for .. any Souldier to take Armes, untill the Facials had so commanded or allowed. 1835 Thirlwall Greece I. 173 It does not appear that they were employed, like the Italian Fetials, to make formal declara¬ tions of war. 1875 Merivale Gen. Hist. Rome xiii. (1877) 76 Striking the fecial a blow. Feticide: see Fce-. Fetid, foetid (fe*tid, frtid), a. and sb. Forms : 6 foetide, (7 fetode, 8 fsetid), 7- fetid, foetid, [ad. L .fetid us (often incorrectly written feetidus ), f. fetere to have an offensive smell.] A. adj. Having an offensive smell; stinking. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer s Bk. Physicke 159/2 It maketh to blister both handes, & feet, out of which issueth foetide, and stinckinge water. 1661 Lovell Hist . Anim. Min. 157 Heron, the flesh is better, .though some count it foetid. 1732 Arbuthnot Rules of Diet 362 Animal Humours, by Heat, stink and grow foetid. 1775 Adair Amer. Ind. 209 A kind of wild sheep.. which are of so faetid a smell. 1851 Mayne Reid Scalp Hunt. v. 41 They [buzzard vultures] tore out the eyes of the quarry with their fetid beaks. 1879 Green Read. Eng. Hist. xxi. 107 Sent up their fetid odours, rank with fever. fig. 1805 Foster Ess. i. vii. 109 The foetid heroes of the Dunciad. 1810 Bentham Packing (1821) 205 Any such foetid mass of dead letter, as the labyrinth composed of the books of practice. 1874 Stubbs Const. Hist. (1875) III. xviii. 77 The fetid atmosphere of a court. b. Fetid gum (see quot.); fetid pill, a pill con¬ taining Asafoetida. 1789 W. Buchan Dow. Med. (1790) 299 The patient may .. take .. foetid pills every six hours. 1858 Carpenter Veg. Phys. § 593 Foetid gums are of the nature of Gum. resins .. and are distinguished by their powerfully disagree¬ able odour. Those most in use are Assafoetida and Galba- num. J- B. sb.pl. Fetid drugs. Ohs. 1707 Plover Physic. Pulse-Watch 333 Drawer of Ftetids. 1710 T. Fuller Pharm. Extemp. 394, I know that Faetids will repress Vapours in Women. 1748 Hartley Observ. Man 1. ii. 183 The Smell of those Fetids which revive. Hence Fetidity [ + -itt], the quality or state of being fetid ; a fetid nature or condition ; foulness, ill savour, offensiveness. Fe-tidly adv., in a fetid condition or manner ; offensively. Fe tidness = Fetidity. Also cotter, something fetid. 1704 R. Brown tr. Plutarch's Morals III. 465 Salts with the Sea-water.. colliquating whatever is foreign and superfluous, suffer no fetidness or putrefaction to breed. 1831 J. Davies Manual Mat. Med. 283 Of a penetrating smell, and remark¬ able for its fetidity. i860 Pusey Min. Proph. 124 What an image .. of the fetidness of sin. 1869 Daily News 5 Jan., Often foully dirty and so foetidly uncomfortable, .the Mary- lebone cells call strongly for reformation. + Fetida. Ol>s. rare, [short for Asafietida.] 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 1. 218 There goeth out of Chaul .. great store of Fetida. 1736 Bailey Housh. Diet. 250 Let the person.. take cocea pills or foetida. Fetiferous: see Fox Fetir, obs. form of Feature. Fetisfe, var. of Featous a. Obs. Fetish, fetich(e (fe-tij, frtij), sb. Forms : 7-8 fetisso, (8 feitisso), (7 fnteish, 9 feteesh, -tisch, -tishe, -tiss), 8- fetieh(e, fetish, [a. F. fitiche, ad. Pg. feitico sb. charm, sorcery (from which the earliest Eng. forms are directly adopted) = Sp. hechizo in same sense ; a subst. use of feitico adj. ‘made by art, artificial, skilfully contrived’ = Sp .hechizo, It. fattizio, OF . failis (see Featous) L. facticius Factitious.] 1 . a. Originally, any of the objects used by the negroes of the Guinea coast and the neighbouring regions as amulets or means of enchantment, or regarded by them with superstitions dread, b. By writers on anthropology (following C. de Brosses, Le Culle des Dieux Fdticlies, 1760) used in wider sense: An inanimate object worshipped by savages on account of its supposed inherent magical powers, or as being animated by a spirit. A fetish (in sense 1 b) differs from an idol in that it is wor¬ shipped in its own character, not as the image, symbol, or occasional residence of a deity. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage'S I. xv. (1614) 651 Hereon were set many strawen Rings called Fatissos or Gods. 1696 Ovington Voy. Suratt 67 They [these Africans] travel nowhere without their Fateish about them. 1723 J. Atkins Voy. Guinea (1735) 102 There is also at Cabo Corso, a pub- lick Fetish, the Guardian of them all; and that is the Rock Tabra. 1746 J. Barbot Descr. Guinea 230 The .. gold is .. cast into sundry shapes and sizes, which some there call Fetissos, signifying in Portuguese charms. 1761 Brit. Mag. II. 294 The chief fetiche is the snake. 1803 T. Winter- bottom Sierra Leone I. vii. 123 The gree-gree, or fetish, hung round their neck. Ibid. I. xiv. 228 Idols. These are called Fe-teesh. 1809-10 Coleridge Friend (1837)111. 84 As well might the poor African prepare for himself a fetisch by plucking out the eyes of the eagle. 1851-9 Prichard in Man. Sci. Enq. 265 Others . .worship fetiches or visible objects in which they suppose some magical or supernatural power to be concealed. 1865 Livingstone Zambesi xxv. 523 A greegree or fetish is thrown away as useless when the consecrating nostrum is discovered to be inoperative. 1879 Encycl. Brit. IX. ti 8 If the wishes of the worshipper be not granted .. the fetich .. is kicked, stamped on, dragged through the mud. c. Jig. Something irrationally reverenced. 1837 Emerson Addr. Amer. Schol. Wks. (Bohn) II. 183 Some fetish of a government, .is cried up by half mankind. 1867 Goldw. Smith Three Eng. Statesmen (1882)192 He was a worshipper of Constitutional Monarchy. It was his fetish. 1870 Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. 1. (1873) 140 Public opinion, the fetish even of the nineteenth century. + 2 . In representations of negro languages In¬ cantation, worship; a magical or religious rite or observance ; an oath. Obs. 1705 Bosman Guinea x. (1721) 123 They cry out, Let us make Fetiche; by which they express as much, as let us perform our Religious Worship. Ibid ., If they are injured by another, they make Fetiche to destroy him. 1727 W. Snelgrave Acc. Guinea (1734) 22 The Lord of the Place had taken his Fetiche or Oath. Ibid. 59 They have all their particular Fetiches. .Some are to eat no Sheep, others no Goats. 1802 Mar. Edgeworth Grateful Negro (1832) 245 note, An old Koromantyn negro .. administered the fetish, or solemn oath. 1828 G. W. Bridges Ann. Jamaica II. xix. 404 To take a fetiche is to take an oath, and to make a fetiche is to render worship. f 3 . (See quot.) Obs. 1705 Bosman Guinea vi. (1721) 65 Gold .. mixed with Fetiche’s, which are a sort of artificial Gold composed of several Ingredients. 4 . attrib. and Comb . a. simple attrib., as fetish- ceremony, -day, - gold , - house , - priest , - worship. b. objective, as fetish-monger, - worshipper , -wor¬ shipping ; also fetish-man,-woman, ( a ) one who claims to have communion with and power over fetishes, a fetish-priest; (b) a fetish-worshipper. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage vi. xv. (1614) 649 Causing her to eat salt with divers * Fetisso ceremonies hereafter men¬ tioned. 1819 Bowdich Miss, to Ashantee 11. iv. 266 In Ashantee there is not a common *fetish day. 1723 J. Atkins Voy. Guinea (1735) 183 The *Fetish-Gold is that which the Negroes cast into various Shapes and wear as Ornaments. 1819 Bowdich Miss, to Ashantee 11. iii. 254 The gold, .deposited with their bones in the *fetish house.. is sacred. 1723 J. Atkins Voy. Guniea (1735) 101 The Cunning of the *Fetish-Man (or Priest). 1836 Marryat Alidsh. Easy 9 He .. went away in wrath to the fetishman, and..asked for a fetish against his rival. 1889 Dublin Rev. Jan. 134 A rude tribe of fetishmen and idol-worshippers. 1888 Scott. Leader 9 Oct. 4 The innate separatism of the Unionist *fetishmonger stands confessed. 1877 tr * Tide's Hist. Relig. 10The power possessed by the. .*fetish priests is by no means small. 1723 J. Atkins Voy. Guinea (1735) 104 At Accra they have ^Fetish-Women .. who pretend Divination. 1870 Lubbock Orig. Civiliz. i. (1875) 22 The Fetish women in Dahomey. 1807 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. XXIII. 5391'he Veneration for the Lares was originally a “Fetiche-worship. i860 Tristram Gt. Sahara i. 16 Traces of fetish worship in Algiers. 1857 Sat. Rev. III. 345/2 Miserable “fetish-worshippers, i860 W. G. Clark Vac. Tour 54 One must go among *fetish-worshipping savages. + Fe’tish, v. Obs. [f. prec.] a. traits. To pro¬ vide or adorn with a fetish ; see Fetish sb. 1. b. intr. for refl. To adorn oneself, dress up. 1723 J. Atkins Voy. Guinea (1735) 61 The Women are fondest of what they call Fetishing, setting themselves out to attract the good Graces of the Men. Ibid. 73 The Natives are..better fetished than their Neighbours. Ibid. 88 The Women fetish with a coarse Paint of Earth on their. Faces. Ibid. 95 She .. being always barefoot and fetished with Chains and Gobbets of Gold, at her Ancles. Fetisheer, fetisher (fetifDu, fe-tijaj). Forms : 7 fetissero, (7 fetessor, 9 fetisser , 8 feticheer, -er, (9 fetisheer), 7- fetisher, [ad. I'g. feiticciro, i.fcitico : see Fetish sb.; influenced in the later forms by Fr. fitiche or Eng .fetish.] 1 . A charmer, sorcerer, ‘ medicine-man ’; a priest. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage vi. xv. (1614) 653 A certaine water offered them to drinke by the Fetissero. 1687 J. Hillikr in Phil. Trans. (1697) XIX. 687 The Fetishers had done all they could to save his [the King of Feton’s] Life. 1783 W. F. Martyn Geog. Mag. I. 676 Each feticheer or priest, has a fetiche of his own. 1844 Ld. Brougham A. Lund II. ix. 237 The Fetisser or priest now muttered over the board certain incantations. 1864 Sat. Rev. XVII 1 .458/1 The priests or fetisheers are all-powerful in Dahome. 2 . = Fetish sb. 1. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677)9 Mokisses, fetessors, deformed Idols being indeared amongst them. 1699 Dam- pier Voy. II. 11. iv. 105 The Natives call him .. and say he [Hippopotamus] is Fetissero, which is a kind of God. Hence Petishee*ress, a female fetisheer. 1864 R. F. Burton Dahome II. 155 A quarter of the female population in Dahome may be fetisheeresses. Fetishic (fe*tijik), a. [f. Fetish sb. + -ic.] Characterized by adoration of a fetish. 1883 Academy No. 562. 100 Snake-worship was .. one of the commonest forms of fetishic religion. Fetishism, fetichism (fetijiz’m). [f. Fetish +-ism. Cf. Fr. fplichismel] The worship of fetishes; an instance of this; the superstition of which this is the characteristic feature. 1801 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. II. 646 He detects every where fetishism or the worship of tools. 1846 Grote Greece \. xvi. I. 462 An original fetichism in which particular objects had themselves been supposed to be endued with life. 1853 Kingsley Hypatia xxx. 382 Dabbling in magic, astrology, and barbarian fetichisms. Fetishist, fetichist (fe-tijist). [f. as prec. -f - 1 ST. Ci.Er.fetichiste.’] 1 . One who worships a fetish. 1845 O. Brownson Wks. VI. 384 As well might we charge the people of Massachusetts with being fetichists. 1865 Mill in IVestni. Rev. XXVIII. 35 The Fetishist thinks.. that his Fetish is alive. 1870 Lubbock Orig. Civiliz. i. 4 These races were Fetichists before they became Buddist. 2. quasi-tff#. ^Fetishistic. 1859 R. F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Jrnl. Geog. Soc. XXIX. 339 The faith of ancient Egypt ..was essentially fetissist. 1861 Goldw. Smith Led. Doctr. P?~ogress 6 The negro and fetichist populations of Africa. Fetishistic, fetichistic (fetiji-stik), a. [f. prec. + -ic.] Of, pertaining to, characterized by, or resembling fetishism. 1867 Lewes Hist. Philos. I. p. xlii, Suppose one of the travellers to be .. still in the fetichistic stage. 1868 Fiske in Fortn. Rev. IV. 295 It is the primitive fetichistic habit of thought. 1877 E. R. Conder Bas. Faith i. 5 Some germs of fetishistic religion. Fetishry (fe-tijri). [f. Fetish sb. + -by.] collect. Objects regarded as fetishes ; an example or speci¬ men of these. 1885 D. C. Murray Rainbmv Cold I. II. vi. 76 The black mail passes the bit of rag or broken stick or other fetishry. Fetisly, -liche, var. ff. of Featously. t Fetissan, a. Obs. rare- 1 , [i. fetiss. Fetish + -an.] Of the nature of a fetish ; fetish-like. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage vi. xv. (1614) 652 If this Fetissan portion did not pacifie their angrie moode, by daily presents of meat and drinke. Fetisso, Fetissero, obs. ff. Fetish, Fetisher. + Fe’tles. Obs. Forms: a. 1 ftetels, f6tels, Orm. fetless, south, vetles, 3 fet(e)les. / 3 . north, dial. 3-4 fetel, -il. [OE .feetels str. masc., perh. related by ablaut to fid, Fat sb., Vat. In northern ME. the final s disappeared, as in mod. burial from buriels .] A vessel or receptacle; a bag, cask, sack. In religious lang. used fig. = ‘ vessel ’. a. ( 803 K. Alfred Oros. 1. i. § 21 Twegen faetels full ealaS oooe waeteres. c 1000 Sax. Leechd. 111 . 16 Do .. on swylc faetels swylc 8u wille. c 1200 Ormin 14450 pe firrste fetless wass Brerdfull off waterr filledd. a 1225 Ancr. R. 164 pis bruchele uetles, pet is wummone vleschs. a 1225 Juliana 18 Ower mix mawmex pat beo 3 pes feondes fetles. c 1250 Gen. <$• Ex. 561 Dat arche was a feteles good, c 1300 St. Margarcie 207 He. .in a strong vetles ous bro3te: & in a put ous caste. / 3 . a 1300 Cursor M. 20932 (Cott.) Of chesing fetil wroght he was. c 1325 Mctr. Horn. 140 Len me sum fetel tharto, Quarin I mai thin almous do. <71340 Cursor M. 21623 (Edin.) A fetil that it war no}te tinte [was] set vndir that licur for to hinte. Fetlock (fe*tlpk), sb. Forms : 4 feetlakk, 4-5 fet(e)lak, 5 fytlo(c)k, (7 fitlock), 6, 8, 9 foot(e)- loek, (6 fotelocke), 6 fete-, 7 feetloek, 6- fet¬ lock. [ME. fellah, fytlok, corresponding to MHG. fizfach, viszlach (mod.Ger.fszloch) ; the formation is obscure ; connexion with Ger. fcssel pastern has been suggested. The word was early interpreted as f. Foot sb. + Lock (of hair), and this notion has influenced the spelling of some of the forms. Sense 2 is due to confusion with Fetterlock.] 1 . That part of a horse’s leg where the tuft of hair grows behind the pastern-joint; the tuft itself. c 1325 Coer de L. 5816 Up to the feetlakkes in blood. c 1330 Arth. <$* Merl. (Kcilbing) 5892 To pe fitlokes in pe blod. a 1400-50 A lexander 2049 pat foies ferd in pe flosches to pe fetelakis. 1470-85 Malory Arthur 1. xvii, Her horses went in blood up to the fytlokys. 1592 Siiaks. Ven. <$• Ad. 295 Fetlocks shag, and long. 1596 Bp. W. Barlow Three Serm. i. 21 Falling to the ground they laie so thick, that they couered the horse footelockes. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. 1V.J1626) 82 Where Titan’s panting steeds., bathe their fierie feet-locks in the Deepe. 1697 Dryden ZEncid v. 739 White were the fetlocks of his feet. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 397 This wilderness, where the horse sinks to his fetlocks at every step. 1837 W. Irving Capt. Bonneville I. 47 The horses were often to the fetlock. i 83 o Browning Dram. Idylls, Mulcykeh 36 Her fetlock is foam- splashed too. b. transf. of a human being. 1645 Z. IIoyd Holy Songs in Zion's Flo'wcrs (1855) App. 12/2 These, .dance and leap. .With nimble fet-locks. 2 . An apparatus fixed on the leg of a horse to prevent running away; = Fetterlock. 1695 Motteux St. OlotisMorocco 171 Each Horse, .is only fasten’d to a Stake and Fetlocks. 1828-40 Berry Encycl. Herald. I, Fetlock or Fetterlock , a horse fetlock. 1856 [see 3]. 1889 in Elvin Diet. Heraldry. 3. attrib. and Comb., as fetlock-chain, -hair, - joint ; fetlock-boot (see quot.); fetlock-deep a. {adv.), so as to cover the fetlocks. 1874 Knight Did. Mech., * Fetlock-boot . .a protection for the fetlock and pastern of a horse. 1856 Whittier Old Burying Ground 19 The farm-horse drags his *fetlock chain. x 599 Shaks . Hen. V, iv. vii. 82 Wounded steeds Fret *fet- locke deepe in gore. 1865 Kingsley Herew. vi, He reined up his horse, fetlock deep in water, c 1720 Gibson Farriers Guide 1. vi. (1738)94 Whereon the *Footlock hair does grow, 1725 Bradley Earn. Did. II. s.v. Parts Horse's Body , The Pastern or *Footlock Joint. 1843 Youatt Horse xvi. 349 A serious affection of the fetlock-joint. Fetlocked (fe-tlpkt), a. [f. Fetlock sb. + -ed -.] a. Having a fetlock. b. Hobbled or fastened by the fetlock; hence, hampered, I shackled. FETOR. 177 FETWA, 1715 Pattison in Prior's Poems (1733' III. xii, The Careless Husband and the Peevish wife ; I'he Troubles of the Fetlock’d-Couple shew. 1870 Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. 1. (1873)157 A language, .not yet fetlocked by dictionary and grammar mongers. Fetor, fcetor (frtoj). Forms: (5 fetoure':, 7-9 feetor, 6- fetor, foetor. [a. L. fetor (incor¬ rectly factor), {. fetcre : see Fetid.] An offensive smell; a stench. £-1450 Mirour Saluacioun 416 Filles a man at eende with rotynnesse and fetoure. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 313 His dolour did incres, With mull fetor that wes intollerabill. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iv. x. 201 The Faetor whereof may discover it self by sweat and urine. 1759 Phil. Trans. LI. 275 The fetor of these waters is not owing to mere stag¬ nation. 1851 H. D. Wolff Pictures Spanish Life (1853) 179 The fcetor of coke and oil will drown the perfume of the lily and the rose. 1856 Kane A ret. Expl. I. xix. 235 This flesh, .of the female seal, .has not the fetor of her mate's. II Fettbol, -bole (fe-tbtml). Min. [Ger .fett- bol (Freiesleben 1831), f. Jett Fat sb . 1 + bob Bole.] A variety of Chloropal. 1835 C. U. Shepard Min. n. 207 Fettbole. Massive ; com- f josition impalpable. 1868 Dana Min. 461 Fettbol has a iver-brown color, a slightly greasy lustre. Fett(e, obs. form of P at, Feat. Fetter (fe'tai), sb. Forms : 1 feotor, feter, fetor, 3-7 feter, 4 fet(t)re, south, vetre, (5 feder, fettir, -our, -yr, fetur, -yr, 6 fetrer, fettar), 6- fetter. [OP i. feter fern., cogn. with OS. feteros pi. m. (Du. veter m. lace), OHG. fez^era, MHG. fester (early mod. Ger. fesser) fem., ON .fipturr m. (Sw. fjattrar pi.)OTeut. feter A, -ro-z t f. fet - (:—OAryan pi’d-) ablaut-form of f$t Foot. Cf. L. pedica, Gr. ire&rj of identical meaning and root.] 1 . A chain or shackle for the feet of a human being or animal; hence gen. a bond, shackle, (rare in sing.) c 800 Corpus Gl. t Pedo, vel paturum, feotor. C950 L bidis/. Gosp. Mark v. 4 ForSon oftust miS feotrum. .gebunden waes. c 1000 Ags. Ps. Ixxviii. n On feterum fseste. c 1290 S.Eng. Leg. I. 107/20 Ake euere he hadde ane peire feteres. 13.. E. E. Allit.P. B. 1255 Festned fettres to her fete under foie wombes. c 1380 Sir Fcrumb. 1313 Of al hure chaynes he hap him raft; & ek hure vetres oundo. £1430 Syr Getter. (Roxb.) 2741 A pare of fetures on him fest. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xvi. 370 His feters that were on his fete, a 1541 Wyatt in TottelCs Misc. (Arb.) 82 Clinkyng of fetrers would such Musick craue. 1652 Ashmole Theat. Client. 216 Ryngyng of Feteris maketh no mere sown. 1794 Burke Sp. IV. Hastings , They .. loaded their limbs with fetters. 1876 Humphreys Coin Coll. Man. ix. 107 Antony presented Artavasdes. .to Cleopatra in golden fetters, b. pi. = Captivity. 1704 Addison Poems, Campaign , Those who ’scape the fetters and the sword, a 1839 Praf.d Poems { 1864) I. 210, I.. thought that freedom was as sweet as fetters. 2 . transf and fig. Anything that confines, im¬ pedes, or restrains ; a check, restraint. fiooo Wanderer 21 (Gr.) Ic modsefan minne sceolde.. feterum se waie-mentynges of be fettered. 1556 J. Heywood Spider F. ii. B j b, The fettred flie. 1602 Marston Antonio’s Rev. 111. ii. Wks. 1856 I. 107 May I be fetter’d slave to coward Chaunce. 1696 Lond. Gaz. No. 3214/4 Two black Geldings, the one .. side fettered. 1814 Byron Corsair 111. ix, He, fast as fetter’d limbs allow, pursued. x88o Miss Braddon Just as I am vi, His fettered wrists hanging in front of him. b. fig. Hampered by disadvantageous con¬ ditions. 1856 Olmsted Slave States 140 It is the old, fettered, barbarian labor-system. 2 . (See quot.) 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex ., Fettered, in Biol ., applied to the limbs of animals when, by their retention within the in¬ teguments, or by their backward stretched position, they are unfit for walking. Hence Fe'tteredness, the state of being fettered. 1656 W. Montague Accompl. Worn. 112 Gracefulness is . .averse to this slavery and fetterednesse. Fetterer (fe-toroi). [f. Fetter v. + -erI.] One who fastens fetters on (a person), lit. and fig. 1611 Cotgr., Entraveur , a fetterer, a shackler. 1846 Lan- dor I mag. Conv. I. 75 Which was the fetterer? Fetterfoe, obs. var. Featherfew, feverfew. *la 1500 Chester PI. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 120 Here be more erbes.. Fynter fanter and ffetter foe. Fettering (fe-torirj), vbl. sb. [f. Fetter vA + -jng 1 .] The action of binding with fetters. a 1623 Gosson in Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. cxlix. 8 If he once fall to fettering of princes .. no flesh shall be able to knock off their bolts again. 1873 Burton Hist. Scot. V. lix. 332 The Perth citizen’s familiar way of treating the fettering of a Highlander. 1874 H. R. Reynolds John Bapt. ii. 98 That sign shall be. .the fettering of such unwilling tongue. attrib. 1812 Examiner 28 Sept. 621/2 The old man was.. pushed forward to the fettering block. Fetterless (fe'tarles), a. ff. Fetter sb. and v. + -less.] Without fetters ; unfettered; that cannot be fettered, lit. and fig. 1604 Marstoh Malcontent i. iii, A tongue As fetterlesse as is an emperours. 1804 Moore To Boston Frigate 9 Though man have the wings of the fetterless wind. 1816 J. Gilchrist Philos. Elym. 202, I would rather see them as wild, lawless and fetterless as the bold Arab. 1892 M. Field Sight < 5 * Song 40 Fetterless her ample form. Fetterlock (fe-tajl^k). Also 5 feter-, -ir-, -yr-, 6 fether-, 7 feawter-, fewter-. [f. Fetter sb. + Lock ; in sense 1 a corruption of Fetlock.] 1 . = Fetlock i. Also used attrib. 1587 Mascall Govt. Cattle (1627) 135 They clippe away all the hayre sauing the fetherlocke. 1617 Markham Caval. 11. 9 His ioyntes beneath his knees great, with long feawter lockes. 1678 Lond. Gaz. No. 1338/4 A grey Mare .. charm’d upon the 4 fetter-lock joints. 1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. 154/1 The Fewter-lock. X716 Lond. Gaz. No. 5470/4 The Fetter-Locks behind bigger than the other. 184X Catlin N. Anier. Did. (1844) II. xlv. 85 Our horses’ feet were sinking at every step above their fetterlocks, b. transf. of a human being. 1664 Butler Hud. 11. i. 91 To set at large his Fetter-locks. 2 . An apparatus fixed to the foot of a horse, to prevent his running away. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 159/1 Fetyrlokke, sera compeditalis. 1530 Palsgr. 220/1 Fetterlocke, sermre a goujons. 1610 Holland Camden ''s Brit. 1. 510 The forme of the Keepe .. built like a fetter-lock. fig. 1841 James Brigand xxi, Despotic suspicion had not invented the fetter-lock of passports. b. The same represented on a badge, shield, etc. Also a jewel of the same form. It is figured as a cylinder to which a chain or steel band is attached in the form of a D, one end being permanently fixed and the other secured by a lock. 1463 Bury Wills (1850) 37 A litil fetirlok of gold with a lace of pei le and smal bedys therto of blak. c 1465 Pol. Rel. < 5 * L. Poems ( 1866) 2 An F. for J>e feterlock )?at is of grete substance. 1605 Camden Rem. (1637) 346 King Edward .. bare his white Rose, the fetterlocke before specified. 1646 Buck Rich. Ill, iv. 115 The device was, A Faulcon encom¬ passed with a Fetter-lock. 1820 Scott Ivanhoe xxix, A fetter¬ lock, and a shacklebolt on a field-sable. + Fe'ttery, a. obs .— 1 [f. Fetter^. + -yL] Of the nature of fetters ; binding, constraining. 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes in. viii. 123 The fettery Hand- Cuffs of Gines Passamont. Fettle (fe‘t’ 1 ), sbA Obs. exc. Sc. and dial. [OE. ftfel — OHG. feqdl (MHG. vezzil, Ger. fcssel) chain, band, ON. fetill bandage, strapOTeut. fatilo-z , f. root fat- to hold.] a. In OE. A girdle, belt. b. A bandage, c. A handle in the side of a large basket, etc. Also attrib ., as fettle strap. c 888 K. jElfred BoetJi. xxxvii. § 1 Mid fetlum & mid Xyldenum hylt sweordum. a 1000 Boeth. Metr. xxv. 19 Sweordum & fetelum. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer s Bk. Physicke 306/2 We must rowle the same [a wound] with narrowe rowles, or with Fetles, accordinge to the constitu¬ tion of the disease. 181a J. Henderson Agric. Surv. Caithn. 69 Each cassie has a fettle or handle in each side. *847-78 Halliwell, Fettel, a cord used to a pannier. 1877 N. W. Line. Gloss., Fettle-strap , the strap which sustains a pannier. Fettle (fe-t’l), sb .2 [f. next vb.] 1 . Condition, state, trim ; in phr. (to be) in (good, high y etc.) fettle. Also in pi. the points, * ins and outs * (of anything); but this may belong to Fettle sb. 1 ci 750 J. Collier (Tim Bobbin) Lane. Dialed. Gloss., Fettle , dress, case, condition. 1768 Ross Helenore 23 Her tongue for fear tint fettle in her cheek. 1804 R. Anderson Cumbrld. Ball. 90 We were young, and heath i’ fettle. X829 J. R. Best Pers. <$• Lit. Mem. 365 A critic, who knows what the north-countryman calls the fettles of the business, may suspect an equivocation. 1850 Tales Kirkb. Ser. 11. 270 I’m in terrible poor fettle with the toothache. 1857 E. Waugh Lane. Life, A Shetland pony in good fettle. 1859 O. W. Holmes Prof Breakf-t. xii. (1891) 313 The young man John is. .‘in fustrate fettle’. 1890 W. Bf.atty-Kingston in Fortn. Rev. May 729 It would, .be surprising were they not in fine fettle. 2 . The material used for ‘ fettling' a furnace. X894 Harpers Mag Feb. 420/2 The molten metal is thoroughly stirred or ‘rabbled’ to make it uniform and secure the incorporation of the ‘fettle’. Fettle (fe*tT), v. Forms: 4-6 fettel, 4-7 fetle, (5 fettil, fetyl), 5-6 fetel(e, 9 dial, fottle, 4- fettle. [Possibly f. OE. fit el. Fettle sbA ; the primary sense would then be 1 to gird up ’.] 1 . trans. To make ready, put in order, arrange. Now only dial, to put to rights, ‘ tidy up’, scour; also, to groom (a horse), attend to (cattle). 13.. E. E. A Hit P. B. 585 He j?at fetly in face fettled alle eres. Ibid , C. 38 In \>e tyxte J?ere )?yse two am on teme layde, Hit am fettled in on forme, c 1340 Gaw. Gr. Knt. 656 Now alle b ese fyue sy[>ez, forso|>e, were fetled on Jus kny^t. a 1400-50 Alexander 626 And faste by his enfourme was fettild his place. 1561 Schole-house of Women 571 in Hazl. E. P. P. IV. 127 Our fily is fetled unto the saddle. 1787 Grose Provinc. Gloss.. ’To fettle t/i tits, to dress the horses. 1849 A. Bronte Agnes Grey (1858) 360, I..fettled up th' fireplace a bit. 1864 T. Clarke in Kendal Mercury 30 Jan., Woif hed fottled him a noice loil poi i’ thoon. 1880 Dorothy 46, I can .. Fettle both horses and cows. b. teclin. To line (a puddling furnace, etc.); to scour (rough castings). 1881 C. R. A. Wright in Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) XIII. 324/1 In fettling the furnace either oxide of iron bricks moulded to fit the furnace are built in, or, etc. 1884 Imp. <$• Mach. Rev. 1 Dec. 6716/2 A castings-cleaner, capable of holding a ton of rough castings and fettling them in an hour. c. To * do for* (a person), to beat. 1863 Kingsley Water-bab. 322 Tom offered to .. fettle him over the head with a brick. 1884 Cheshire Gloss, s. v., A mother will threaten her child ‘ I'll fettle thee’. d. To mull (ale or porter) ; see Fettled below. + 2 . refl. and intr. for refi. To get (oneself) ready; to prepare; to address oneself to battle. Obs . exc. dial, (see quot. 1855). 13 .. E. E. A Hit. P. C. 435 On a felde he fettelez hym to bide, c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. xvi. 197 The Scottis .. Tuk the feld, and manlykly Fetlyt wyth thare fais in fycht. 1515 Scot. Field 304 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 227 He fettlen them to sowpe .. on a banke. 1597-8 Bp. Hall Sat. iv. vi. 43 He .. sels his teeme and fetleth to the warre. 1600 Holland Livy xxi. xvi. (1609) 402 They rather trem¬ bled .. than fetled themselves to consultation. 1674 Ray N. C. Words , Fettle ., to set or go about any thing. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss., ‘We are just fettling for off.’ b. To busy oneself; to fuss. 1745 Swift Direct. Servants iii, Pretend to fettle about the Room. 1858 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. (1865) II. vii. vii. 325 He is getting his saddle altered : fettling about this and that. Hence Fe*ttled ppl. a., in senses of the vb. ci 460 Towneley Myst. 309 Ylle fetyld. 1861 Temple Bar Mag. I. 420 A pint of fettled porter. 1863 Miss Braddon J. Marchmont I. 95 A mug of fettled beer. 1884 Cheshire Gloss ., Fettled Ale , ale mulled with ginger and sugar. Fettler (fctb.1). dial, and techn. [f. Fettle v. + -er!.] One who ‘ fettles ’; spec, in various trades. 1871 Daily News 18 Aug., The cloth finishers, dressers, fettlers, and willeyers, are taking steps to obtain a general advance. 1883 Almondbury 4- Huddersf. Gloss., Fettler, one who cleans up; especially one whose business it is to clean machinery, engines, &c. 1884 Cheshire Gloss., Fettler, one who sharpens the knives of the fustian cutters. 1892 Labour Commission Gloss , Fettler, the person who cleans out the fudd and dirt that accumulates in the cards of the scribbler and condenser. Fettling(fe tliq), vbl. sb. [f.F ettled. + -ing L] 1 . The action of the verb Fettle in various senses ; an instance of this. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. IX. xx.ii. 18 Friedrich calculated there would be very considerable fettling and haggling. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., 1 1 gev him a good fettling.’ b. spec. The action of lining a puddling furnace ; hence, the materials used for this. Also attrib. 1864 Percy Iron $ Steel 669 Iron puddled w'ith limestone fettling is always rotten. 1872 Daily News 7 Oct. 6 His judgment, .was against Sunday fettling. 1890 Iron fy Steel Trades Jrnl. 4 Jan. 20/2 Sales of cokes and fettling mine¬ rals are recorded in large quantities. II Fettstein (fe tsoin). Min. [Ger. fettstein (\Verneri8o8),f./:ff fat + rtow stone.] = El.'eolite. 18x5 W. Phillips Outl. Alin. Geol. (1818) 32 The fettstein consists of 44 silex, 34 alumine, 4 oxide of iron, a small portion of lime, and 16 parts of soda and potash. 1859 Page Geol. Terms s.v. Feture, Fetus : see Fceture, Fietus. II Fetwa (fe-twa). Forms : 7-9 fetfa, 8 fetva, 9 fethwa, fetwa. [Arab. (jy .9 fetwa (pronounced by the Turks fetfa), f. Ii fata, in 4th conj. to in- 23 FEU. 178 FEUDAL. struct by a legal decision (pr. pple. ffdu Mufti).] A decision given (usually in writing) by a Mufti or other Moslem juridical authority. 1625 Purchas Pilgrims II. ix. 1608 Fetfa's that is, Declara¬ tions, or Iudgements of the Muftee. 1704 J. Trapp Abra- Mulev. i. 2000 In less than half an hour, The black deposing Fetfa will be sign’d. 1802 Paris as it was II. lxviii. 334 A fetfa or diploma of the Grand Signior. 1836 Lane Mod. Egypt I. 134 The Naib .. desires the plaintiff to procure a fet'wa(or judicial decision) from the Moof'tee. 1882 Times 5 Apr. 9/4 The fetwa from the great Mahomedan Academy will be awaited with curiosity. Feu (fi? 7 ), sb. Sc. Law. Forms : 5-8 few, 6- feu. [a. OF. feu, feu, fiu\ see the variant Fee sb 2 ] 1 . =Fee sb. 2 1; also, a tract of land held in fee. (Used by modern Scottish jurists indiscriminately with fee as a rendering of med.L. feudum .) 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. Table, s. v., Gif the vassall com- mittis ane trespas aganis his overlord : he tines his few halden of him. lib. 2. c. 63, 4. [The word is not in the text, which renders feudum by ‘ lands ’.] 1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 136 Allodial goods are opposed to feus. <71768 — Instit. Sc. Law (1773) I. 209 When mention is made of a feu or subfeu, we are not necessarily to understand a grant of lands holden in feu-farm, but a feudal grant in general .. unless where the subject treated of naturally con¬ fines it to a feu-holding. 2 . A feudal tenure of land in which the vassal, in place of military service, makes a return of grain or money (opposed to Ward or military holding and Blanch or holding at a nominal rent) ; a grant of lands on these conditions; in mod. use, a per¬ petual lease for a fixed rent ( = Feu-farm). Phrases: /«, upon feu : subject to such payments or per¬ formance of duties ; also to hold feu , set into feu. 1497 Ld. Treas. Acc. Scot. I. 315, I resauit fra the Lard of Teling. .of the releif of few and blanchferme of the entre of Johne Lord Glammys, thretj thre lib. 1535 Lyndesay Satyre 2685 Set into few 3our temporall lands. 1570 Satir. Poems Reform, xxiii. 30 Thocht thair was sum that tuik thy rowmis in few. 1720 Lond. Gaz. No. 5866/3 A small Part holding Few of the Earl of Strathmore. 1759 Robertson Hist. Scot. (1817) II. hi. 74 By granting feus, and perpetual leases of lands. 1826 Scott Provinc. Antiq. II. no A grant for disposing of it, in feu. 1892 Gladstone in Daily News 25 Mar. 3/4 To hold land upon feu from the landlord, b. A piece of land held 1 in feu ’; a holding. 1791 Nevvte Tour Eng. <5- Scot. 375 A small piece, or feu of ground in Fifeshire. 1820 Scott Monast. i, The vassals of the church .. were permitted in comparative quiet to possess their farms and feus. 1864 A. M c Kay Hist. Kilmarnock 313 On the other side some feus were un¬ occupied. 3 . attrib . and Comb .; simple attrib., as feti- granty -parchment , -rent, -system ; special comb., as feu-annual (see quot. 1710), hence -annualer ; feu-charter = next; feu-contract, the contract regulating the giving out of land in feu, between the superior and vassal; feu-duty, the annual rent paid by a vassal to his superior for tenure of lands; feu-holding, a tenure of lands in feu; feu-right, the right of holding (land, etc.) in feu. 1597 Skene De Verb. Sign. s. v. Annuell , In the Actes of Parliament maid be Queene Marie 4 Parlia. 29. Maij c. 10 mention is maid of ground annuell, *few annuell and top annuell, quhairof I .. am incertaine quhat they do signifie. 1710 J Dundas View Feud. Law Gloss. 127 Few-annuals, that which is due by the Reddendo of the Property of the Ground, before the House was built within Burgh. 1551 Sc. Acts Q Mary (1597) § 10. 134 b, The *few annuellaris. a 1768 Erskine Instit. Sc. Law (1773) I. 207 The word *feu- charter is never made use of but to denote the special tenure by feu-farm. 1832 Austin Jurispr. (1879) II. lii. 879 The *feu-contract is in the nature of a perpetual lease and is in Scotland the usual mode of letting land for building purposes. 1597 Sc. Acts Jos. VIy%vsfi Incase it sal happen .. ony vassall or fewar. .to failzie in making of payment of his*few dewtie. 1854 H. Miller Sch. Schm. xvi. (1857) 356 Pay¬ ing a large arrear of feu-duty, a 1768 Erskine Instit. Sc. Law (1773) I. 222 The vassal’s loss of his *feu-grant. 1748 De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. IV. 39 Converted into Blanch and *Feu holdings. 1873 Burton Hist. Scot. V. Ixiv. 444 Some of the beneficial interests thus conveyed were mere leases, others were feu-holdings. 1825 Scott Fam. Lett. 12 Oct. (1894)11. 353 A grim old Antiquary, .all *feu-parchment, snuff, and. .whisky toddy. 1866 Miss Mulock Noble Life xv. 267 Houses., the *feu-rents of which made the estate.. more valuable every year. 1774 Petit, in M c Kay Hist. Kilmarnock App. iii. 305 The reddendo of this *feu-right is Ll Scots yearly. 1891 Labour Commission Gloss., The *feu system is a custom (in use in Scotland) under which a piece of land is purchased by a perpetual yearly payment. Feu v. [f. Feu sb.] trans . To grant (land) upon feu. Also to feti off, out. 1717 De Foe Mem. Ch. Scot. n. 23 Temporalities feu’d to themselves. 1799 J. Robertson Agric. Perth 59 He had recourse to wadsetts ; or feued off a part of his property at a quit-rent. 1854 H. Miller Sch. <5- Schm. xiv. (1857) 301 A little bit of ground, which he had failed in getting feued out for buildings. 1866 Miss Mulock Noble Lfe\ ii. 109 To find out the exact extent and divisions of his property, and to whom it was feued. + Feu-age. Obs. rare. [a. OF . feuaee,fouage, f. feu tire.J (See quots.) X618 DANIEL Coll. Hist. Eng. 214 The Prince of Wales .. imposing a new taxation upon the Gascoignes, of Feuage or Chymney mony .. discontented the people. 1706 Phillips ( ed. Kersey), Fuage or Focage , Hearth-money, an Imposi¬ tion of Twelve-pence for every Fire-hearth. Feuar (fi/ 7 -li). Sc. Forms: 6 fear, fewar, 7 fier, 8 feuer, 9 feur, 7 ~ fewar. See Fiar. [f. Feu sb. + -ar.] One who holds land upon feu. I 5 I 3“75 Dinrn. Occnrrents (1833) 237 Alexander Stewart fear of Garuleis. 1597 Sc. Acts Jas. VI, § 246 Ony vassal or fewar, haldand landes in few-ferme. 1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 105 The fier of Fintray. 1753 Scots Mag. Feb. 86/2 Except of feuer of 31/. Scots of valued rent. 1843 Scott Monast. i. note. Descendants of such feuars. .are still to be found in possession of their family inheritances. 1876 Grant Burgh Sch. Scotl. 11. ii. 109 Neighbouring feuars and pro¬ prietors. Feud 1 (fi«d). Forms : a. (after the early 14th c. almost exclusively Sc.) 3-6 fede, 4 fed, (6 fade), 6-7 fead, feed(e, 4-8 feid(e. / 3 . 6 food(e, feood, fude, 6-7 fuid(e, 6-8 fewd(e, 7 feaud, feode, feude, 7- feud. [The northern ME. fede is a. OF. fede, feide, faide (the phrase fede mortel = ‘deadly feud ’ is recorded from 13th c.), ad. OHG. fchi da (whence MHG. vcJiede, vide, mod.G. fehde) = OE. fkhffu enmityOTeut. *faihij>d str. fern., noun of quality or state f. *faiho- adj. : see Foe. In 14-15th c. the word occurs only in Sc. writers, the form being always fede, feide, or something phonetically equivalent. In the 16th c. it was adopted in England (being often expressly spoken of as a northern word), with an unexplained change of form, as food{e, feood, fuid,fewd, whence in 17th c. the form now current. The ordinary state¬ ment that the change of form was due to the in¬ fluence of Feud sb . 2 is obviously incorrect; Feud sb . 2 is not recorded in our material until half a century after the appearance of the forms foode, femd, and would not account for them even if it were proved to have existed earlier; moreover, even in the 17th c. it was merely a rare technical word used by writers on the ‘ feudal system and its sense is too remote from that of the northern feide for the assumed influence to have operated. A plausible supposition is that there was an OE. *feod str. fem. (f. feo^an to hate) corresponding to Goth. fjapwa as freod friendship to Goth, frijapiva. This would in ME. normally become fede, coalescing with the Rom. word of similar sound and meaning; but there may have been a northern Eng. dialect in which the word was pronounced with a ‘rising’ diphthong ipf. mod.Eng. four from OE. feower), and from which the (3 forms were adopted. In 17th c. the word was occasionally altered into Foehood.] + 1 . Active hatred or enmity, hostility, ill-will. a. [Beowulf 109 Ne gefeah he kaere faehSe.] a 1300 Cursor M. 27455 (Cott.) He haldes wreth in hert and fede. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints , Margarete 476 For J?are vertu fed haf I. c 1470 Henry Wallace 1. 354 A mar quiet sted, Quhar \Vil3ham mycht be bettir fra thair fede. c 1475 RaufCoil- %ear 969 His wyfe wuld he nocht for3et, for dout of Goddis feid 1556 Lauder Tractate 11 Nother to spair, for lufe nor fede, To do dew Iustice to the dede. 1570 Levins Manip. 205/34 Feade, odium. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. 92 The fade and inimitie borne towards thair parents. 1787 Burns Tam Samson's Elegy x, Till coward death behind him jumpit, Wi deadly feide. / 3 . 1566 Painter Pal. Pleas. I. 1 Two .. cities .. bare eche other, .deadlye foode. 1596 Spenser F. Q. iv. i. 26 Deadly feood. 1593 Florio, Aizza, anger, fude, moode. 1631 Gouge God's Arrows iii. § 3. 187 This immortall fewde against worshippers of the true God. 1705 Dyet of Poland 4 A Vice which rankles up to Fewd. b. Sc. Used in contradistinction to favour, a. 1530 Lyndesay Test. Papyngo 622 The veritie.. thay sulde declare, Without regarde to fauour or to fede. 1560 Rolland Seven Sages (1837) 1 Thay tuke na cure of na manis fauour nor feid. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 137 For feed or favour of anie man. 1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 446 Thus have I .. spoken nothing .. but the trueth, and that impartially, without fead or favour to any. 0 . 1843 Carlyle Past <$• Pr. (1858) 145 Decided without feud or favour. 2 . A state of bitter and lasting mutual hostility. (From 16th c. often with allusion to 3.) Phrases : to be at ( deadly ) feudy + to have {a person) at feud. a. C1425 Wyntoun Cron. vn. ix. 529 In bare ire Of awld Fede, and gret dyscord. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 201 Syne sueir on bell and buik, That euerie on to vther sould be trew In tyme to cum for aid feid or for new. a 1775 Hobie Noble ix. in Child Ballads (1890) vii. clxxxix. 2/2 The land- sergeant has me at feid. 0 . 1583 Golding Calvin on Deut. iv. 21 Hee will alwayis bee at deadly foode with mee. i6ci Holland Pliny x. lxxiv. 308 Crowes and Owles are at mortall feaud one with another. 1611 Bible Transl. Pref. 10 His Queene and his .. heire were at deadly fuide with him. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 603 Of which sort there are divers at this day .. at deadly feode with the other Jewes. c 1661 Argyle's IVillin Harl. Misc. (1746) VIII. 30/2 He [Argyle] was at Feud with all his Superiors in Scotland. <11715 Burnet Own Time (1766) I. 6 Seeds of lasting feuds and animosities. 1847 Grote Greece 11. xlvii. (1862) IV. 189 Their ancient feud against Korkyra. 1871 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xvii. 77 A partizan of Tostig would naturally be at feud with Oswulf. 3 . A state of perpetual hostility between two families, tribes, or individuals, marked by murder¬ ous assaults in revenge for some previous insult or injury. More fully deadly feud . Cf. Vendetta. Phrases as in 2. o. 1582-8 Hist . James VI (1804) 225 That nathing done ..be comptit as deadlie fead in judgement. 1599 Jas. I Baat tyme he [Iohn] and his heires schulde be feodaries to |?e chirche of Rome. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vii. 319 To holde it euer after, .as feodaries of y° pope. 1568 Grafton Citron. II. 222 The King of Scottes bound himselfe and them to be Feodaries to the Crowne of England. 1613-18 Daniel Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 134 He seemed absolutely the..Popes Feudary. 1631 Massinger Beleeve as you list 11. ii, Our confoederates and freindes Founde it as firme as fate, and seaventeene Kinges, Our fsedaries. 1650 Fuller Pisgah 1. ii. 5 Accepted of the Jewish King to be honourary feo¬ daries unto him. 1836 M. J. Chapman in Fraser s Mag. XIV. 26 Earth, .shall to the despot homage yield, All power and all dominion shall be his By thee, his feodary. b. A subject, dependant, retainer, servant. 1620 Ford Line 0/ Life Ded., The sacrifice is a thriftie loue. .and the Presentor a feodarie to such as are maisters.. of their .. owne affections, a 1656 Ussher Ann. vi. (1658) 459 The Senate was ready to do him all friendly offices, provided, that he became their feadary. 1871 R. Ellis Catullus lxiii. 68 O am I to live the god’s slave? feodary be to Cvbele ? + 2 . An officer of the ancient Court of Wards (see quot. 1641). Obs. 1493 Act 11 Heft. VII , c. 32 Preamb., The Office of Feo¬ darie in the Countie of Essex. 1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 46 A 1 surveiors and feodaries, that shalbe appoyncted by .. the said court, c 1630 Risdon Surv. Devon (1714) II. 77 It became Mr. Eveleigh’s Feodary of his County. 1641 Termes de la Ley 160 Feodary is an Office in the Court of Wards, appointed to .. receive all the rents of the Wards lands within his circuit, etc. 1736 Carte Ormonde II. 249 The inquisitions post mortem taken by escheators and feodaries. ^ 3 . A confederate. (See Fedarie.) B. adj. Feudally subject. Const to. 1577-87 HolinshedC 7 /;wl III. 1166/1 His kingdomemade feodarie to Rome. 1648 Milton Observ. Art. Peace Wks. 1738 I- 351 A whole Feudary Kingdom. 1651 G. W. tr. CcnveTs Inst. 74 A Subiect .. himself is either mediately or immediately Feodary to the King. 1655 Fuller Ch.Hist. iii. iv. § 16 Iohn .. being .. not free, but feodary. f FeU'datary, a. and sb. Obs. Forms: (6 feudotarie, 7 feodatary, -otary, feudataire, -arie, foeditary, -otarie), 7-9 feudatary. [ad. med.L .feuddtdri-us, i.feudat- ppl. stem of feudare to enfeoff, f. feudum : see Feud sb. 2 - and -ary« Cf. Ft. feudataire.] A. adj. = Feudatory A. 1. 1614 Selden Titles Hon. 211 Such as are mongst vs feudatarie marquesses. 1635 Pagitt Christianogr. 65 Prus- land .. whose Duke is Feodotary to the Duke of Poland. 1674 Ch. <5- Court of Rome 19 Soveraign Princes are not here meant, but onely Feudatary. B. sb. 1 . = Feudatory B. i. 1586 Ferne Blaz. Centric 141 There is also a King, and he a homager, or feudotarie to the estate and Maiestie of another King, as to his superior lord. 1614 Selden Titles Hon. 29 Now it acknowledges no superior. But so many as .. do, as feudataries to other Princes, are excluded. 1676 R. Dixon Two Test. vii. 489 The Unfaithful are the Devils Feudataries. 1708 J. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. 1.111. iii. (1743) 164 All the Lords of England . .are feudataries to the King. 1818 Hallam Mid. Ages (1872) I. 31 The perfect integrity of Louis, .accustomed even the most jealous feudataries to look upon him as their judge. 2 . = Feudary B. 2. 1607 in Cowell Interpr., Feudato’rial, a. [f. next + -al.] = Feudal. 1789 Mrs. Piozzt Journ. France I. 126 A settled system of feudatorial life. Feudatory (ful'datari), a. and sb. Also 7 feo- datory. [ad. L. type feudatori-us, f. med. L. feudare to enfeoff, f. feudum : see Feud - and -ORY.] A. adj. 1 . a. Of a person : Owing feudal allegiance to another ; subject, b. Of a kingdom, etc.: Under the overlordship of an outside sovereign. Const, to. a. 1592 Bacon Observ. Libel Wks. 1753 I. 519 Any bene¬ ficiary or feodatory king. 1680 Morden Geog. Red. (1685) 217 He is Feudatory to the Pope. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. II. 219 Low or feudatory nobility. 1828 Tytler Hist. Scot. <1864) I. 9 The petty chiefs .. had for a long period been feudatory to the Norwegian crown. b. 1759 Robertson Hist. Scot. (1802) 1 .1. 207 If the one crown had been considered, .as feudatory to the other. 1884 Manch. Exam. 12 Sept. 5/1 The armies kept up by the feudatory states. 1890 Daily News 30 Dec. s/6 Feudatory India. 2 . Of or pertaining to vassals or retainers. 1861 Lytton & Fane Tannhauser 23 From., all the feudatory festivals, Men miss’d Tannhauser. B. sb. 1 . One who holds his lands by feudal tenure; a feudal vassal. 1765 Blackstone Comm. I. it. iv. 45 The feudatory could not aliene or dispose of his feud. 1814 Scott Chivalry (1874)49 The barons or great feudatories of the crown. 1843 Prescott Mexico iv. v. (1864) 236 The Indian Monarch had declared himself the feudatory of the Spanish. trans/. 1825 Bf.ntham Indicat. Ld. Eldon 10 Court, sitting as yet in public, cannot convert itself into a sinecurist: this accommodation it cannot afford to any but its feudatories. 2 . A feud, fief, or fee; a dependent lordship. 1644 Evelyn Diary 22 Nov., The kingdomes of Naples and Sicily, pretended feudatorys to the Pope. 1680 Morden Geog. Red. (1685) no Lorrain .. the Duke whereof is a Prince of the Empire, and the Country was reckoned a Feodatory thereof. 1783 W. F. Martyn Geog. Mag. I. 424 A feudatory of Thibet. 1873 Lowell A mong my Bks. Ser. II. 104 If he made the gift, the pope should hold it as a feudatory of the Empire. Feudee (fi//d/*). rare- 1 , [f. Feud 1 + -ee.] One to whom a feud has been granted ; a tenant. 1875 J. Fisher Landholding in England iv. 38 The feudee only became tenant for life. II Feu de joie (jo do 3wa). Also pi. feux de joie. [Fr.; lit. ‘ fire of joy’.] + 1 . A bonfire; also Jig . Obs. 1609 Bp.W. Barlow A nsw.Nameless CatJi. 11 The Iesuites . .would .. haue been pleasant Spectators thereof, as at a Feu-de-ioy. 1658 J. Robinson Eudoxa i. 10 Unexpected calamities will quench the feudejoy of a long fore-set gratu- lation. 1771 Mrs. Griffith tr. Viand's Shipwreck 159 To illuminate our feux de joye. [1888 J. Payn Myst. Mirbridge vii, The news that the Home Farm was on fire, which he announced as though it were a feu de joie.] 2 . (See quot. 1867.) 180 x Sporting Mag. XIX. 146 They had fired a feu-de-joye opposite their Major’s house. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., Feu-de-joie , a salute fired by musketry on occasions of public rejoicing, so that it should pass from man to man rapidly and steadily down one rank and up the other, giving one long continuous sound. t Feudigrapher. Obs. [f. med.L. feudum (see Feud sb 2 ) + -graph + -ER 1 .] (Seequot. 1688.) 1610 W. Folkingham Art of Survey To Rdr. 3 It behoues an honest and faithfull Feudigrapher .. to approue himselfe an intelligent and diligent Improuer. 1688 R. Holme Armoury iii. 138/2 Feudigrapher is a Surveyor of Farmes and Freehold Lands. Feudist (fi* 7 *dist). Also 7 feodist, pheudist. [f. Feud 2 + -ist. Cf. F.feudiste.] 1 . A writer or authority on feuds, one versed in feudal law. Also attrib. 1607 Cowell Inteipr., Fealtie , This oath, .is vsed among the feudists. 1610 W. Folkingham Art of Survey iii. ii. 67 Many Feudists doe holde that Feudatarius hath not an entire property in his Fee. 1639 Spelman Feuds <5* Tenures xxiii. 37 The Feodists therefore call them Caduca. a 1682 Sir T. Browne Tracts viii. (1684) 150 The Feudist term Ligeus a Ligando .. 1767 Blackstone Conan. II. 50 The oath of fealty, which made in the sense of the feudists every man that took it a tenant or vassal. 184s Stephen Lazos Eng. I. 185 Allodium , the name by which the feudists abroad distinguished such estates of the subject as were not holden of any superior. f 2 . a. The holder of a feud or estate, b. One living under the feudal system. Obs. 1610 W. Folkingham Art of Survey iv. i. 80 All .. Rents, Seruices, Issues, and profits accrewing and renew¬ ing to the Feudist or Possident. 1767 Blackstone Comm. II. xiv. 215 The Greeks, the Romans .. and even originally the feudists, divided the lands equally. + Feudistical, a. Obs. rare. [f. prec. + -io + -al.] = Feudal. a 1618 Raleigh in Gutch Coll. Cur. I. 72 The civil, or feudistical laws. Feu-farm (fb 7 'farm). Sc. Law. [ad. OF. feu- ferme\ see Fee-Farm.] 1 . That kind of tenure by which land is held of a superior on payment of a certain yearly rent. Also, to hold, let, set in feu farm. Cf. Fee-farm i. 14. . Burgh Laws xcv. (Sc. Stat. I), Of landys lattin till feuferme in burgh. 1457 Sc. Acts Jos. II ( 1597) § 72 Vpon setting of few-ferme of his awin land. 1473-4 Ld. Trcas. Arc. Scot. I. 3 Componit for the fewferme of Johne of Sol laris for the grene 3ardis besyde Striueline, composicio xx li. 1564 Sc. Acts Q. Mary (1597) § 88 Confirmation to be obteined vpon infeftmentes of few-ferme of the Kirk-landes. 1597 Sc. Acts Jas. VI § 246 Ony vassall or fewar, haldand landes in few-ferme. a 1768 Erskine Instit. Sc. Law (1773) I. 209 A grant of lands holden in feu-farm. 1872 E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 138 It was not allowable .. for the tenants in ‘Ward and Blench’ to sublet their lands in feu- farm. 2 . The annual duty or rent paid to a superior by his vassal for tenure of lands. 1582-8 Hist. Jas. VI (1804) 224 The rentis, few fermes, and inealls of the lands of Pendreith. Feu’-farmer. Sc. Law. [ad. OF .feufermier : see Fee-farmer.] = Fee-farmer. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 32 The fewfermer thereafter con¬ strained by necessitie, is compelled to sell the lands. Feuge, obs. form of Fugue. Mus. II Feuillage. Obs. rare. [F. feuillage, f. feuille : see Feuille.] Foliage. 1714 Jervas Let. to Pope 20 Aug. in Pope's Lett. (1737) 107, I .. inclose the out-line .. that you may determine whether you would have it .. reduced to make room for feuillage or laurel round the oval. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, Feuillage (French), foliage; a row of leaves,branched- work. || Feuillantine. Obs. [F.; prob. from the Feuillantines , a congregation of nuns.] (See quot.) 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Feuillantins .. small Tarts .. filled with Sweat-meats. 1725 Bradley Fam. Did. s. v. 23 -a FEUILLE. 180 FEVERFEW, Tarts , It may be garnish’d with Fevillantines or small Fleurons of all sorts of Fruits. Feuille (Soy), [a. F. feuille leaf.] fa. A thin plate ; a leaf ( obs .). b. The name of a colour: see quot. 1662 PetIty Taxes 35 If bullion be .. beaten into feuilles. 1883 Cassell's Fam. Mag. Nov. 755/2 A very light green, known as Feuille. II Feuillemorte (D'ynwrt), a. More commonly in anglicized and corrupted forms: see Filemot. [Fr. ; lit. 1 dead leaf’.] Of the colour of a dead or faded leaf, brown or yellowish brown. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. 111. xi. fed. 3) 294 To make a Country-man understand what Feuillemorte Colour signifies. 1876 Ouida Winter City ii. 22 She had feuille morte velvet slashed with the palest of ambers. b. Comb., as feuillemorte-coloured adj. 1840 H. Ainsworth Tower of London ix, An ample feuille¬ morte coloured cloak. t Feuillet Obs. Also 8 feuillette. [a. F. fenillette med.L. folielta a measure of wine.] A half-hogshead. 1711 Loud. Gaz. No. 4989/3, 44 Feuillettes, or half-hogs¬ heads of Burgundy. 1794 Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 243 Four feuillets of the best Burgundy. II Feuillet 2 (tdyiye). Diamond-cutting. [F. feuillet, dim. of feuille (see Feuille).] (See quot.) 1874 Knight Diet. Mech., Feuillets. .the projecting points of the triangular facets in a rose-cut diamond, whose bases join those of the triangles of the central pyramid. Feuilleton (f873 Black Pr. Thule v. 75 A fever of anticipation, .seemed to stir in his blood. 1883 E. Pennell- Elmhirst Cream Leiccstersh. 424 A fine fox set the field in a fever. 4 . attrib.awAComb. a. simple attrib., as fever-bale, -dream, -ft , -glow, -hospital, -life, -nest, -patient, -spasm, -thirst, -vomit, -ward ; fever-like adj. and adv. b. objective, as fever-cooling, -destroying c. instrumental, as fever-cracking, -haunted, -mad¬ dened, -shaken, -sick, -smitten, -stricken, -troubled, -weakened adjs. 1844 Mrs. Browning Bertha ix, I lose that *fever-bale And my thoughts grow calm again. 1727-46 Thomson Summer 668 The spreading tamarind .. shakes .. its*fever- cooling fruit. 1861 Mrs. Norton Lady La G. iv. 331 Nor fresh coolingdrinksTo woo the*fever-cracking lip. 188.1 Ayr/. Soc. Lex., * Fever-destroying tree, the Eucalyptus globulus. 1834 Mrs. Hemans Eng. Martyrs i. 2 The cavern of the prisoner’s *fever-dream. 1681 Temple Mem. iii. Wks. 1731 I. 343 Being free of any Return of his *Fever Fits. 1830 Scott Demonol. i. 3^ A sudden and temporary fever-fit. 1842 Emerson Led., Transcendentalist Wks.(Bohn) II. 289, I wish to exchange .. this ^fever-glow for a benign climate. 1864 Kingsley Rom. Sp Teut. i. (1875) 13 Nothing was left save *fever-haunted plains. 1877 Gen. Gordon in Pall Mall G. 4 Mar. (1884) 11/1 It is a * fever life I lead, a 1577 Gascoigne Wks. (1587) 5 And *feverlike I feede my fancie still With such repast as most empaires my health. x6i2 Drayton Poly-olb. vii. Argt., When the Higre takes her, How fever-like the sickness shakes her. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., * Fever-nests, localities where .. fever is generated. 1802 Med. Jml. VIII. 562 The reception of * fever patients. 1683 Chalkhill Thealma < 5 * Cl. 26 Like a distempered Body * Fever-shaken. ^ 1599 Peele David Bethsabe Wks. (Rtldg.) 466/1 Lie down upon thy bed Feigning thee *fever- sick and ill-at-ease. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fever sick. 1884 Pail Mall G. 23 Feb. 4 VeraCruz, that. .* fever-smitten port. 1863 W. Phillips Speeches vi. 152 Of which revolution is the x fever-spasm. 1818 Shelley Marenghi viii,The "^fever- stricken serf, a 1835 Mrs. Hemans Ancestral Song 77 All the ^fever-thirst is still’d. 1836 J. H. Newman in Lyra Apost. (1849) 87 That "^fever-troubled state. 1671 Salmon Syn. Med. 111. lxxxii. 713 If there be * Feaver vomit. 1802 Med. Jml. VIII. 562 By converting these * fever-wards, .to the purpose of a general house of recovery for all infectious fever which might occur in the town. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, 1. i. 140 The Wretch, whose *Feauer-weakned ioynts, Like strengthlesse Hindges, buckle vnder life. 5 . Special comb.: fever-bark, bark useful in cases of fever; fever-blister (see quot.) ; fever- bush (see quot. 1S84); fever-fly, the Dilophus vulgaris ; fever-heat, the high temperature of the body in fever (on some thermometers marked at 112 0 F.), also fig .; t fever-hectic, —hectic fever (see Hectic) ; fever-nut, the seeds of Cxsal- pina Bonducella\ fever-powder, a remedy for fever; fever-root (see quot. 1884), also fever and ague root ; fever-sore (see quot.); fever-trap, a place where one is liable to be caught by fever; fever-tree, -twig (see quots.) ; fever-weed, a plant of the genus Eryngium ; fever-wood (see quot.); fever-wort, (a) (see quot.); ( b ) a plant of the genus Eupatorium (Wore.). Also Fever-lurden. 1830 Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 205 A kind of *fever bark is obtained .. from Rondeletia febrifuga. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., * Fever blister, the herpes of the lips which occurs frequently in feverish or catarrhal disturbances of the body. 1792 J. Belknap Hist. New-Hampsh. III. 97 The Spice- wood (Lanrus benzoin) or .. *Feverbush, is .. common in New-Hampshire. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Feverbush, the Ben¬ zoin odoriferum and also the Prinos verticillatus. 1889 Miss E. A.Ormerod Injurious Insects (1890) 129 * Fever Fly. 1838 Prescott Ferd . <5* Is. 11. vi. (1849) II. 367 Ximenes whose zeal had mounted up to * fever heat ..was not to be cooled by any opposition. 1889 Jessopp Coming of Friars vii. 309 The feeling of the country was approaching fever heat. 1607 Topsell Serpents (1653) 725 For *Fever-hec- ticks they prepare them thus. 1795 R. Anderson Life Johfison 14 He had for his school-fellows Dr. James, in¬ ventor of the ^fever-powder, Mr. Lowe, [etc.]. 1853 Dunglison Med. Did. (ed. 9), * Fever-root. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fe%’er-root, the Pterospora attdromedea : also the Triosteum perfoliatum. 1676 T. Glover in Phil. Trans. XI. 630 The English call it the *Fever and Ague-root. 1860 Worcester, * Fever-sore, the common name of a species of caries or necrosis. 1891 C. Creighton Hist. Epidemics 589 More recent visitors .. have remarked upon their towns and villages as ^fever-traps. 1876 Forest 4* Stream 13 July 375/3 The large tribe of the Eucalyptus (honey or fever trees). 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fever tree, the Pinckney a pubens. Ibid., * Fever twig, the Ce/astrus scandens . 1855 H. Clarke Did., * Fever-weed, an eryngium. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., * Fever wood, the Benzoin odoriferum. x6xx Cotgr., Sacotin, *feauerwort. 1836 Loudon Fncycl. Plants 170 T?‘iosteum, feverwort. + Fe - ver, sb} Obs .- 1 [ad. OF. fevere, fevre, fbvre, fibre = Pr. fabre, Yt.fabbro, Oibp. fabro L. fabr-ttm.faberb] A smith. 1415 York Myst. Introd. 22 Feuers, Couureours [etc.]. Fever (frvaj), v. [f. Fever j^. 1 ] 1 . trails . To put or throw into a fever; lit. and fig. Also, f to fever (one) into. 1606 Shaks. Ant. <5- Cl. iii. xiii. 138 The white hand of a Lady Feauer thee. 1624 Heywood Gunaik. ix. 430 His words .. feavered her all over. 1689 Rycaut Hist. Turks II. 189 His passion feavered him into a desperate sickness. 1748 Thomson Cast. Indol. 11. 265 To his licentious wish each must be blest, With joy be fevered. 1820 Keats Isabel vi, The ruddy tide. .Fever’d his high conceit of such a bride, a 1853 Robertson Serm. Ser. iii. xx. 262 A heart which sin has fevered. 1862 T. A. Trollope Marietta I. xvi, Tending, .to wear out and fever her body. 2 . intr. To become feverish, to be seized with a fever. Also (nonce-use) of the eyes, To fever out : to start out with fever or excitement. 1754-64 Smellie Midwif III. 380 She fevered and died. x.791 Newte Tour Eng. <5- Scott. 171 He never fevered with the fracture, and very soon recovered. 1820 Keats Hyperion I. 138 This passion, .made.. His eyes to fever out, his voice to cease. 1827 Scott Jml. 5 Jan., I waked .. for five or six hours I think, then fevered a little. fg. 1814 Byron Lara 1. xxvi, A hectic tint of secret care That for a burning moment fever’d there. x8i8 Byron Ch. Har. iv. cxxii, Of its own beauty is the mind diseased, And fevers into false creation. 1834 Disraeli Rev. Epick xii. vii, That eager blood That in old days..So oft hath fevered o’er victorious dreams. Hence Fewering ppl. a. 1794 J. Williams Crying Ep. 70 That high day of fevering youth. 1892 W. B. Scott A utob. I. ix. 98 At this moment of fevering unrest. fFeverable, a. Obs.— 1 [f. Fever sb. or v.+ -able.] Affecting with fever ; fever-like. 1568 G. Skeyne Descr. Pest Aiij, Ane feuerable in- fectioun, maist cruelle. Fevered (frvaid),///. a. [f. as prec. + -ED.] a. Of the body: Affected with fever, extremely heated, b. Of the mind : Excited, over-wrought. 1628 Felt ham Resolves 11. lxxxiv. 241 A feavered Body; a boyling Stomacke. a 1653 G. Daniel Idyll ii. 45 For Feavered Minds, who. .find noe Ease. 1697 Dryden Virg. FEncid iv, Her blood all fever’d. 1801 Southey T/ialaba v. i, He lifted his fever'd face to heaven. 1843 j- Martineau Chr. Life (1867) 148 A gale from heaven fanned his fevered brow. 1850 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord.{ 1863)228 Her attempt to guide or crush the .. fevered spirits of the time. 1865 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. III. 283 It is such a pity to arrive at home entirely fevered. Feverel, var. of February. + Fe •veress. Obs .— 1 [f. Fever s b. + -ess 2 .] Feverishness; fever. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvir. cxvi. (1495) 680 In them is moche superfluyte of watry moysture. .that is matere of longe durynge feueresse. Feveret (frvoret). Also 8 feverette. [f. as prec. + -et.] A slight fever. 1712 Thoresby Diary II. 149 This new distemper .. by physicians called a Feveret. 1769 St. James' Chron. 3-5 Aug. 4/2 You will certainly throw yourself into a violent Fever, or at least a Feveret. 1796 C. Burney Mem . Mdastasio II. 129 Your most welcome letter found me struggling with a catarrh and feverette. 1863 T. Thompson Ann. Influenza 59 Throughout the whole course of this feveret, the patients expectorate largely. fg. 1836 T. Hook G. Gurney II. 211 They kept me in a perpetual feveret. Feverfew (frvwfii/, fe*v-). Forms: 1 f6fer- fu^e, -t'u3ie, 5 fevyrfue, 6 -fewe, fewerfew, 7 feverfue, feaverfew, Sc. feverfoylie, 5- fever¬ few. See also Featherfew, Fetterfoe. [OE. fiferfuge , fugie, ad. late febrifuga, febrifugia, f. L .febri- {febris) fever + fug-are to drive away. The mod. form cannot directly descend from the OE.; its source is the AF. *fevrcfue {fewerfue c 1265 in Wr.-Wulck, 556), which normally represents the Lat. Under Featherfew (a corruption suggested by the * feather-like ’ appearance of the leaves) will be found forms in -foy (:-OE. fugie), which in some dialects has been corrupted into foil. The name feather-foil has by botanical writers been applied to another ‘feather-leaved’ plant : see Feather sb. 19.] a. The plant Pyrethrum Parthcnium. b. dial. The Erythnea Centaurium. c 1000 /Elfric Gloss, in Wr.-Wiilcker 134 Febrefugia .. feferfuge, c 1000 Sax, Leechd. I. 134 Curmelle feferfuge. FEVERISH 181 FEW, c 1425 Eng. Voc. in Wr.-Wuleker 645 Hec febrifuga, fevyr- few. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 79 b, The new writers hold . .that feuerfew is better for weomen. 1579 Langham Gard. Health (1633) 234 Feuerfue comforteth the stomacke, and is good for the feuer quotidian. 1673 Wedderburn Foe. 18 1 Jam. > Matricaria , feverfoylie. 1741 Compl. Font. Piece 1. iv. 258 Feverfew, Catmint, Pennyroyal, each 3 Handfuls. x86x Miss Pratt Flower, PI. III. 314 Common Fever-few. Feverish (ffvarij), a. [f. Fever sb. + -ish.] 1 . a. Having the symptoms constituting fever (see Fever sb. i a), fb. Ill of a fever ( obs .). 1647 Cowley Mistress , Cure ii, Drink which feaverish men desire. 1680 Burnet Rochester 70 A Feaverish Man cannot judge of Tasts. 1701 Penn in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. IX. 47, [I] have had a restless, feverish night. 1779 Johnson Life A sc ham Wks. IV. 635 He was for some years hectically feverish. 1796 Jane Austen Sense Sens. (1849) 228 Though heavy and feverish, .a good night’s rest was to cure her. 2 . Jig. Excited, fitful, restless, now hot now cold. 1634 Milton Comus 8 Men. .Strive to keep up a frail and feverish being. 1670 Baxter Cure Ch. Div. 174 To turn the native heat of Religion into a feavourish outside zeal about words. 1752 Hume Ess. <$■ Treat. (1777) I. 165 This feverish uncertainty, .in Human conduct seems unavoidable. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 228 A few hours of feverish joy were followed by weeks of misery. 3 . t Pertaining to fever. Feverish matter : the impurity in the blood supposed to give rise to fever (obs.). b. Of the nature of fever; resembling fever or its symptoms. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vii. xliii. (1495) 256 Rysynge and stondynge of heere .. comith in the bodi of feuerysshe matere. 1651 Biggs New Disp. r 230 The feavorish matter doth not swim in the bloud. 1680 Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 497 This month ..is an odde feaverish sickness dominant. 1695 Blackmore Pr. Arth. I. 575 Her Feaverish Thirst drinks down a Sea of Blood. 1732 Arbuthnot Rules of Diet 324 The Regimen .. in the Article of Feverish Rigors. 1802 Med. Jrnl. VIII. 428 Its effects in abating the feverish exacerbations are so con¬ siderable. 1810 Scott Lady of L. 11. xxxii, In feverish flood, One instant rushed the throbbing blood. 4 . Of climate, food, etc.: Apt to cause fever. Of a country : Infested by fever. 1669 Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. i. (1694) 14 A Fish larger than a Bonetto, but. .feaverish Diet. 1803 W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. I. 315 The feverish shore of St. Domingo. _ 1879 Sir G. Campbell White <$■ Black 253 Tracts which are exceedingly feverish in summer. 1885 G. S. Forbes Wild Life in Canara 34 The climate of Soopah was occasionally very feverish for Hindoos. Feverishly (fz'varijli), adv. [f. prec. + -ly-.] In a feverish manner : + a. lit. With the symptoms of fever (obs.). b. Jig. As if under the influence of fever; excitedly, fitfully, nervously, restlessly. 1647 R. Stapylton Juvenal 227 If they .. find .. Gallita feaverishly inclin’d, They post up prayers. 1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. xvi. 575 The Blood fermenting Feverishly through excess of Sulphur. 1833 Lamb Elia (i860) 396 Feverishly looking for this night’s repetition of the folly. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxi, He watched Eva feverishly day by day. 1893 Daily News 29 June 6/4 In spite of a slight rally the closing was feverishly weak. Feverishness (frvarijnes). [f. as prec. f -NESS.] The state or condition of being feverish ; an instance of the same. lit. and Jig. 1662 R. Mathew Uni. Alch. § 76. 97 It is to their great benefit, in taking off from them .. feverishness. 1709 Ld. Shaftesbury Char act. (1711) II. 129 Satiety, .and Feverish¬ ness of Desire, attend those who passionately study Pleasure. 1764 Eliz. Carter Let. Jan. (1809) III. 237 Lord Lyttelton has a slight feverishness. 1860-1 Flo. Nightingale Nursing 55 Feverishness is generally supposed to be a symptom of fever—in nine cases out of ten it is a symptom of bedding. Fe verite. nonce-wd. One who is ill of a fever. 1800 Lamb Lett. (1888) I. 143 ,1 have, .obtained two young hands to supply the loss of the feverites. Feverless (ff varies). [f. Fever sb. 4- -less.] Without fever, devoid of heat. 18x9 Keats in W. M. Rossetti Life 161 Claret, .fills one’s mouth with a gushing freshness—then goes down cool and feverless. t Fever-hrrden. [f. Fever sb. + Luhden ( imitating medical names of fevers). Said to sur¬ vive dial, as fever-lurgan, -lurgy, - largie. ] The disease of laziness. c 1500 BlowboCs Test. 75 in Hazl. E. P. P. I. 93, I trow he was infecte certeyn With the faitour, or the fever lordeyn. 1547 Boorde Brev. Health cli. (1557) 55, I had almoste forgotten the feuer lurden, with the whiche manye .. yonge persons bee sore infected nowe a dayes. 1636 Heylin Sabbath 11.149 They have a feaver-lurdane, and they cannot stirre. 1808 Jamieson Fez>er-largie, expl. ‘ Two stomachs to eat, and none to work’; county unknown. t Fe’verly, a. Obs.~ l [f. as prec. +-ly '.] = Feverish 3. 1477 Norton Ord. Alch. v. in Ashm. (1652) 62 Feaverly heate maketh no digestion. 1847 Craic Feverly , like a fever. Feverous (fz’vsras), a. [f. as prec. + -ous.] f 1 . Ill of fever; affected by fever ; = Feverish 1. 1398 T revisa Barth. De P. R. xvii. xeix. (1495) 665 Swete pomegarnades easith .. feuerous men. c X400 Latifrancs Cirurg. 222 It wole make a man yvel disposed & feverous. 1620 Venner Via Recta ii. 24 They are lesse hurtfull, for such as are feuorous, then other wines are. 1796 Cole¬ ridge Dest. Nations Poems I. 206 Cool drops on a feverous cheek. transf. and fig. x8oo Hurdis Fav. Village 101 The fev’rous kettle with internal evil, .totters on the bars. 1820 Keats Eve St. Agues x, A hundred swords Will storm his heart, Love’s fev'rous citadel. 2 . Jig. = Feverish 2. 1603 Shaks. Meas. for M. m. i. 75, I do feare thee Claudio..Least thou a feauorous life shouldst entertaine. 1649 Milton Eikon. xv. (1851) 450 The feverous rage of Tyrannizing, 1749 Smollett Regicide v. i, Whose fev’rous life, .feels the incessant throb Of ghastly paine 1 1817 Cole¬ ridge Biog. Lit. I. ix. 139 His intellectual powers were never stimulated into fev’rous energy. 1865 Ruskin 5 ^«;//^ p. xv, Feverous haste, .has become the law of their being. 3 . Of, pertaining to, of the nature of, or character¬ istic of a fever; =• Feverish 3. 1393 Gower Conf. II. 147 This feverous malady. 1503 Hawes Virt. xii. 237 Exylynge the feuerous frosty coldnes. X576 Baker Jewell of Health 4 a, The. .feverous burning of the Heart. 1645 Bp. Hall Remedy Discontents 53 They finde themselves overtaken with feverous dis¬ tempers. X796-7 Coleridge Poems (1862) 30 A dreamy pang in morning’s feverous doze. 1820 Keats Isabel xliv, What feverous hectic flame Burns in thee, child ? 1864 Tennyson En. Ard. 230 A night of feverous wakefulness. 4 . Apt to cause fever. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 786 Southern-Winds . .without Rain, do cause a Fevorous disposition of the Year. 1827 H. Cole¬ ridge On Infancy in Lit. World 21 Mar. (1890) The feverous summer’s beam alike she dreads. 1850 Kin&sley A It. Locke xli, Hark ! from.. Feverous alley.. Swells the wail of Eng¬ lishmen. 1890 Longman s Mag. July 284 He was glad .. to retire from the feverous autumn. Hence Feverously adv. a 1631 Donne Poems (1650) 77 A malady Desperately hot, or changing feverously. 1829 Anniversary, The Poet 249 He, who .. feverously grasps at a splendid loss. 1879 G. Macdonald P. Faber III. i. 4 Either she would talk feverously, or sit in the gloomiest silence. I Fe'very, a. Obs. [f. as prec. + -Y b] Af¬ fected by fever; feverish. x6n B. Jonson Catiline m. ii, And all thy body feuery. ?i6i2 Chapman To Live with Little Wks. 1875. 158 A fevery man’s thirst. Few (fi u), a. Forms : 1 f6awe, f6awa, f6a, 2 fseu, 2-3 feawe, Orm. feewe, 4 south, veawe, (3 feaue), 3-6 fewe, 3-4 south, vewe, 3-5 feu(e, (3 feuwe, fawe, south, vawe, fowe, 6 feowe), 3 fa, 3~5 fo(e, fon(e, (3 foun, fune, 5 fewne, foyn(e), 4- few. compar. 4 fewere, Sc. fewar, foner, 6- fewer, superl. 5 fewis(t, 6- fewest. [Common Teut.: OE .fdawe pi. (usually fiawa on the analogy of the adverbial fela , Fele many), contracted}^, corresp. to OFris. fe (very rare), OS .fall, OHG. fao, Jo, pl.fdhe, ON.fit-r (Sw .fa, Da. foa ), Goth, fawai pi.; repr. OTeut. *fawo~, cognate with L. pau-cus , Gr. nav-pos of same mean¬ ing, L . paullus little : *pau-r-los), pau-per poor, and perh. with Gr. itavnv to stop. The equivalent words in OHG. and ON., and the synony¬ mous cognates in Gr. and Lat., were occasionally used in sing, with the senses ‘rare’, ‘not numerous’, ‘small in quantity’. In OE. the sing, is not recorded, unless JIa with partitive genitive (as in fea wordd\ may sometimes be neut. absol. ; cf. similar use of ON . fdtt, Fr. un peu de. The use of fea as adv. ‘ little, not much ’ is another survival of the prehistoric use of the sing. The word is not found in the extant remains of ONorthumbrian. The ME. forms fa (northern), fo (northern and north midland) have the ap¬ pearance of being from ON.; the forms fon(e, foun, fewne, etc. seem to have arisen from the addition of n as a plural suffix, but the n remains in the comparative fone?'.] 1 . Not many; amounting to a small number. Often preceded by but, f full, so, too, very , + well. Without prefixed word, few usually implies antithesis with ‘many’, while in a few, some few the antithesis is with ‘none at all*. Cf. ‘few, or perhaps none’, ‘a few, or perhaps many ’. a. qualifying a plural sb. expressed or to be sup¬ plied from context. C900 BxdasHist. 1. xvi. [xxix.] (1890) 88 paette her waere micel rip onweard & fea worhton. 1154 O. E. Chron . (Laud MS.) an. 1138 Mid feu men. c 1200 Vices <5- Virtues (1888) 25 Dis understandep auer to feawe saules. c 1275 Lay. 26669 [Hii] leope to pan Bruttus and feue hii par nemen. a 1300 Cursor M. 27864 (Cott.) par es sinnes foun. .wers for to mend. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 764 Fone men may now fourty yhere pas, And foner fifty. CX400 Maundev. (Roxb.) vii. 24 In Egipte er bot fewe castelles. £1420 Sir Amadace (Camden) lxx, Ther is ladis now in lond fulle foe That wold haue seruut hor lord soe. c 1440 York Myst. xxi. 72 With wordes fewne. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (Y£. de W. 1531) 123 b, The gyfte of prerogatyue called discrecyon. .is but in fewe persones. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, 11. iv. 111 That euer this Fellow should haue fewer words then a Parret. 1599 — Muck Ado 1. i. 7 How many Gentlemen haue you lost ? But few. 1611 Bible Job xiv. 1 Man that is borne of a woman, is of few dayes. 1734 Berkeley Hylas < 5 * P. (ed. 3) 11. Wks. 1871 I. 306 Few men think, yet all have opinions. 175 1 Orrery Remarks on Swift, Guilty in so few sentences of so many solecisms. 1762-71 H. Walpole Vertnc's Anecd. Paint. (1786) III. 47 No fewer than twenty-eight views. 1845 Budd Dis. Liver 280 Among the numbers of bodies that I examined, .very few. .had gall-stones. 1870 E. Pea¬ cock Ralf Skirl. II. 189 A man of few words. b. absol.—few persons. Beaivulf 1412 (Gr.) He feara sum beforan gengde. c 975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. xx. 16 Monige forpon sindun gecseged & feawe soolice gecoren. ci 000 Ags. Gosp. ibid., And feawa gecorene. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 950 For nis him no derure for to adweschen feole. pen fewe. a 1300 Cursor M, 8496 (Cott.) Fa it wist quat it wald mene. c 1340 Ibid. 19495 (Trin.) Of fewere pen of pre may no bisshop sacred be. c 1430 Syr Tryam. 540 Fewe for hym wepyth. 1484 Caxton Fables of A Ifo)ice (1889) x Many one ben frendes of wordes only, but fewe ben in fayth or dede. 1548 Hall Chron. 161 Many sought for him, but few espied hym. 1653 Holcroft Procopius 1. 8 The Enemy ..entring the Town by few at a time. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) V. 47 That curiosity very few have an opportunity of gratifying. 182X Shelley Hellas 184 Few dare, and few who dare Win the desired communion. c. followed by partitive genitive, and later by of Beowulf 2662 (Gr.) Fea worda cwaeS. 918 O. E. Chron. an. 918 Hira feawa on weg comon. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt, ix. 37 Witodlice micel rip ys, and feawa wyrhtyna. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 402 pere of scapede vewe alyue. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1725) 242 He went to play a wile with fo of his banere. 1526 Pilgr. Perf (W. de W. 1531) 14 Fewe of them, .miscaryed. 1611 Bible Deut.v ii. 7 Ye were the fewest of all people. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 445 Few of the members of the late cabinet had any reason to expect his favour. 1875 Helps Ess., Aids Contentment 11 How few of your fellow-creatures can have the opportunity. d. predicatively. (.*825 Vesp. Psalter evii. 39 Fea gewordne sindun. c 1000 Ags. Ps. cviii[i]. 8 Sien dsegas his fea. a 1300 E. E. Psalter cvi[i], 39 pai ere fone made, a 1300 Cursor M. 8599 (Cott.) pair clathes was sa gnede and fa. 1483 Cath. Angl. 129/2 To be Fewe, rarere. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1. (1676) 71 It behoveth our words to be wary and few. X711 Addison Sped. No. 93 P 1 We are always complaining our Days are few. 1764 Goldsm. Trav. 212 If few their wants, their pleasures are but few. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 441 The gunmakers of Utrecht were found too few to execute the orders. 1863 Lyell Antiq. Man 4 They may be fewer in number than was supposed. X865 J. C. Wilcocks Sea Fisherman (1875) 163 The weed becomes very troublesome, and the fish consequently few and far between. e. Some fav: an inconsiderable number of. Also ellipt ., absol., and followed by of 1593 Shaks. Rich. II, in. iii. 4 The king .. lately landed With some few priuate friends. 1621 Bp. Mountagu Dia¬ tribe 526 Vnlesse ‘ some few ’ and ‘ many’ in your language be all one. 1684 J. Lacy Sir H. Buffoouv. hi Dram. Wks. (1875) 294 Jud. He is the first subject that ever made him¬ self a Knight. Her. Not by some few, my lord. 1747 S. Fielding Lett. David Simple (1752) II. 158 Some few women. Mod. Some few of the survivors are still living. f. The few: a specified company small in num¬ ber ; often with qualifying adj. Now often = ‘ the minority ’; opposed to the ma7iy. 1549 Coverdale Erasnt. Par. 2 Cor. vi. 17 They are but fewe, but onles ye auoyde the same fewes companie. 1676 Marvell Mr. Smirke 28 A Few of the Few .. have been carrying on a constant Conspiracy. 1697 Dryden Virg. VEneid ix. 244 The wakeful few, the fuming Flaggon ply. 1777 Priestley Matt. <5- Spir. (1782) I. Pref. 10 The favour of the few may silence the clamour of the many. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 183 A life not for the many, but for the few. t g. ellipt. In few = in few words; in short. Also, To speak few ( = L. pauca loqui\ Obs. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 246 b, Be euer doynge well, & speke but fewe. 1565 Jewel DeJ. Apol. (1611) 116 To say al in few, they refused the name. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, 1. i. 112 In few ; his death, .tooke fire and heate away. x6ii B. Jonson Catiline in. ii, I’ll, .end in few. 1667 Milton P. L. x. 157 He thus to Eve in few : Say Woman, what is this which thou hast done? 1725 Pope Odyss. 1. 476 The firm resolve I here in few disclose. 1742 Young Nt. Th. ix. 533 In few, to close the whole, The moral muse has shadow’d out a sketch. 1848 J. A. Carlyle tr. Dante's Inferno (1849) 7 1 Who shall tell in few the many fresh pains and travails that I saw ? h. At (the) fewest : at the lowest estimate of number. a 1400-50 Alexander 3599 Of sithid chariotis him sued .. At he fe.vist, as I find a fouretene thousand. Ibid. 3738 Of females at f?e fewis foure & xx li Mille. 2 . Like the cardinal numerals, few may be used to form with a plural sb. a virtual collective noun, preceded by a, every , or (rarely) that , but construed with plural verb. (Cf. ME. an five mile, an fourti }er ; and see Every i e.) a. A few : a small number of. Not a fezv : many. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 18 pe kyng with a fewe men hym- self flew at he laste. £-1386 Chaucer Prol. 641 A fewe termes coude he. c 1400 Rom. Rose 5988 He shall in a fewe stoundes. Lese all his markes. 1550 Sir R. Morysine Let. 17 Dec. in Tytler Edw. VI, I. 345 I pray you let me now and then have a few lines from you. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. iv. ii. 283 Heere’s a few Flowres. 1744 Berkeley Siris § 82 The . .constant use of tar-water for a few weeks. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierres Stud. Nat. (1799) II. 474, I will deliver my thoughts .. in a few words. 1848 W. H. Bartlett Egypt to Pal. x. (1879) 220 One rock a few feet square. b. with ellipsis of sb. Often followed by of. Also absol. a few persons; occas. with an adj., as a faithful, select, etc. few, in which it approaches the nature of a sb. \ A fewer : a smaller number^. a 1300 Cursor M. 19782 (Cott.) He badd pa men be all vte-don, pat in pat hus left bot a fon. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 953 Al pe feldes po wern y-fuld of dede men on pe grounde, Saue an vewe pat leye & ^ulde. a 1400-50 Alexander 2061 Fra his faes with a fewe pe filde to de-voide. c 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 105, I shall say thertylle of good wordes a foyne. 1547 Latimer Serm. $ Rem. (1845) 426 Of which sort we have a fewer amongst us than I would. i6ox Shaks. All's Well 1. i. 73 Loue all, trust a few, Doe wrong to none. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1882) 540 Thieves, of which, it seems there were not a few. 1723 Pope Let. to Swift 12 Jan., To pass my days with you, and a few such as you. a 1745 Swift Wks. 1778 VI. 358 Party is the madness of many, for the gain of a few. 1801 Southey Thalaba 1. xliii, A faithful few Prest through the throng to join him. 1871 Mori.ey Voltaire (1886) 2 A level which had. .been reached only by a few. 1872 Hardwick Trad. Lane. 175 A select few of tried old friends. c. That few : rarely used for those few. 1854 Tennyson _ To F. D. Maurice 5 That honest few Who give the Fiend himself his due. x86x President FEWE. 182 FIANCE Lincoln Message to Congress 3 Dec., A few men own capital, and that few avoid labour themselves. d. A good few : a fair number (of) ; (dial, and colloq.). Quite a few ( U.S.): a considerable number. 1863 Mrs. Toogood YorksJu Dial., There were a good few apples on it. 1864 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. IV. 122 Of cannon a good few. 1865 Ibid. V. xix. v. 499 A good few sorrows. 1865 J. G. Bertram Harvest of Sea (1873)85 As soon as they are able to eat — which is not for a good few days. 1883 P. Robinson in Harpers Mag. Oct. 706/1 There’s quite a few about among the rocks. e. Every few ( hours , miles , etc.): every series or group of a few ; chiefly in advb. phrases. + 3. Of a company or number: Small. So of a leader, to be few in number. Obs. 1460 Past on Lett. No. 357 I. 526 The Due of Excestre and other, with a few mayne. 1475 Bk. Noblesse , He saw so few a companie of the Romains. 153X Elyot Gov. i. xviii, A few nombre of houndes. c 1565 Lindesay (Pitscottie) Citron. Scot. (1728) 120 The earl of Angus was come .. and but a few number with him. c 1610 Sir J. Melvil Mem. (1735) 13 He .. did ride to the Parties himself with a few company. 1611 Bible Gen. xxxiv. 30, I being few in number. 171X Swift Let. 19 July, There was a drawing-room to-day .. but so few company, that [etc.]. 1828 C. Words¬ worth Charles /, A uthor of Icdn Basiliki 133 Their number assuredly has not been few. 4. Of quantity : Not much. A few : a little. a. qualifying a sb. in sing. Obs. exc. dial, in a few broth, gruel, porridge. [Possibly a survival of the use of the sing, of the adj. as in ON.; but the sbs. to which it is now prefixed are treated in dialects as plural, and referred to with pi. pronoun.] 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. vii. 269 A fewe Cruddes and Craym. 1550 Lever Sernt. (Arb.) 122 Hauyng a fewe porage made of the brothe of the same byefe. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts (1658) 199 Broath .. to sup now and then a few. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 68 A pecke .. of make and some few honey. 1803 S. Pegge Anecd. Eng. Latig. xvi. (1844) 181 ‘Stay a few while,’ a Londoner says. 1825 Brockett N. C. Words 73 A ‘little few broth’. 1881 Leicestersh. Gloss., ‘ Av’ a few moor broth .. thee ’re very good to-dee !* b. absol. A few. Used colloq. or slang in ironical sense, = ‘a good bit’; also adverbially. Also, Not a few : considerably. [Perh. orig. a comic Gallicism, after Fr. unpeu.] 1761 A. Murphy Citizen II. i, I. .throw my eyes about a few. 1778 Susan Burney Let. in Mad. D'Arblay s Early Diary July, Your letter which diverted him not a few. 1807 W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 199 He was determined to astonish the natives a few ! 1837-40 Haliburton Clockin. (1862) 177 You must lie a few to put ’em off well. 1855 Smedley H. Coverdale v. 26 * Can you sit a leap?’ ‘ I believe you, rayther, just a very few.’ 1857 Kingsley Two V. Ago III. vii, If one man in a town has pluck and money, he may do it. It’ll cost him a few. 1865 Lowell Lett. (1894) I. 347, I am .. a little few (un petitpeti) vexed. 5 . Comb., parasynthetic, as few-acred, -celled, -flowered, -layered, -seeded, -whorled. 1847 Longf. Ev. 11. ii. 9 *Few-acred farmers. 1875 Dawson Dawn of Life vi. 139 *Few-celled germs. 1776 Withering Brit. Plants (1796) II. 138 * Few-flowered. 1861 Miss Pratt Flcnver. PI. VI. 25 Few-flowered Sedge. Spikelet of from four to six flowers, the two upper barren. 1884 Bower & Scott De Bary's PAaner. <$- Ferns 518 Narrow one- or ^few-layered bands. 1830 Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 175 * Few-seeded fruit. 1851 Woodward Mollusca 83 Shell in¬ volute. ,*few-whirled. Fewd(e, obs. form of Feud sbf t Fewe. Obs. rare -1 . [? a. OY.fttie •.—'L.fuga flight; cf. Feute. The synonym Fuse seems to have arisen from the plural of this word ; otherwise a misprint for fewte might be suspected.] = Feute sb. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. xxvii. 32 b, He was ryght desyrous to folowe his pray, and folowed the fewe of the hart. Fewel, obs. form of Fuel. Fewer, Fewle, obs. forms of Fever, Fowl. ■fFewmand, v. Obs . -1 [Belongs to the ima¬ ginary Sherwood dialect of the piece ; cf. Fumish.] traits. To foul, to soil. 1637 B. Jonson Sad Shefh. 11. ii, They [a young badger and a ferret] fewmand all the claithes. Fewmets, Fewmishing : see Fu-. Fewness (fwnes). [f. Few + -ness .1 The quality or fact of being few. 1. Scantiness in number ; paucity, small number. c goo Bxdcis Hist. hi. x\n [xxi.] (1891) 222 Seo feanis nedde para sacerda paette aan biscop sceolde beon ofer tuu folc. c 1000 Ags. Ps. ci[i], 24 Feanisse dega ntinra sege me. a 1300 E. E. Psalter, ibid., Feunesse of mi daies. 1382 Wyclif ibid., Fewenesse of my da3is. 1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 89 The fewnes of spyrytuall men. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 387 For feuenes thai did fle. 1611 Steed Hist. Gt. Brit. vii. xxxvi. (1632) 385 Seeing the fewnes of their pursuers. 1709 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 282 Spoke in vain because of the fewness of Auditors. 1859 Jephson Brittany ii. 9, I congratulated myself., on the fewness of the things which I possessed. t b. Fewness and truth : in few words and truly. Obs. 1603 Shaks. Mens, for M. i. iv. 39 Fewnes, and truth; tis thus, Your brother, and his louer haue embrac’d. 2. Scantiness in amount; small quantity, rare. _ 1861 Darwin in Life Lett. (1887) III. 265 The pollen, so important from its fewness. 1884 Tennyson Bechet m. iii. Doth not the fewness of anything make the fulness of it in estimation 1 Fewsty, obs. form of Fusty. .Fewt(e(e, fewthe, -tye, obs. ff. of Fealty. Fewte, var. form of Feute, Obs. + Pewter, sb. Obs. Forms : 4 feuter, (few- tyre), 5 fewter, -tir(e, -tre. [a. OF. feutre, fautre (:—late ’L.filtrum : see Felt, P'jlter), lit. ‘ felt hence a felt-lined socket for a spear.] The rest or support for a lance or spear attached to the saddle of a knight or man-at-arms. c 1350 Will. Palerne 3437 Wip spere festened in feuter. ?« 1400 Morte Arth. 1366 A faire floreschte spere in fewtyre he castes. C1450 Merlin 127 Gripynge his spere in the fewtre. c 1470 Henry Wallace in. 168 Thair cheyff* chyftan ..In fewtir kest a fellone aspre sper. 1470-85 Malory A rthur vi. ii, Syre Ector .. in fewter cast his spere and smote the other knyghte a grete buffet. t Pew'ter, v . 1 Obs. [f. prec. sb.] trans. To put (a spear) into the * fewter ’ or rest. c 1400 Melayne 1474 Thay ferlyde why he fewterde his spere. 1470-85 Malory Arthur vi. vi, And thenne they fewtryd their sperys. 1557 K. Arthur (Copland) v. ix, Whan syr Gawayn espyed this gaye knyght he fewtred hys spere and rode strayght unto hym. 1596 Spenser F. Q. iv. vi. 10 He his threatfull speare Gan fewter. t Pewter, V . 2 Obs. Also Felter. [ad. OF. feutrer to make into felt.] a. trans . To pack or set (men) close together, b. intr. for ref. To close in battle, come to close quarters. ?<11400 Morte Arth . 1711 Ffifty thosandez of folke .. are fewteride on frounte undyr 3one fre-bowes. 1513 Douglas AEneis x. vi. 166 Thai fewtyr fut to fut and man to man. tPewterer. Obs. Forms: a. 4-5 vewter. P. 6-8 feuterer, futerer, pheu-, phewterer, fi¬ fe wterer. [ME. vewter and early mod.E . fewterer appear to be corrupted adoptions of AF. veutHer ( = Anglo-Lat. veltrarius ) in same sense, f. OF. ventre, vauire, veltre (later F. vautre') = Pr. veltre , It. veltro .-—popular L. *veltrum, corruption of L. vertragum (nom. - us ) greyhound, a Gaulish word, f. Celtic ver- intensive prefix + root trag- to run.] A keeper of greyhounds. Also in a wider sense, an attendant. Also with defining word prefixed; as fox-, yeomanfewterer. c 1340 Gaw. Sp Gr. Knt. 1146 To trystors vewters 3od. £1450 Bk. Curtasye 631 in Babees Bk. (1868) 320 po vewter, two cast of brede he tase, Two lesshe of grehoundes yf pat he hase. 1545 Joye Exp. Dan. iii. E v b, These pharisaicall foxe fewterers. 1599 B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. 11. iii, And perhaps stumble upon a yeoman pheuterer, as I doe now. a 1625 Fletcher Woman's Prize 11, ii, A dry nurse to his coughs, a fewterer To such a nasty fellow. 1691 Blount Law Diet. s. v. Vautrier, Hence our corrupted word Feuterer, for a Dog-keeper. 1741 Compl. Fam.-Piece 11. i. 312 He that is chosen Fewterer, or that lets loose the Greyhounds. 1801 Sporting Mag. XVIII. 100 Feuterer, a dog-keeper. Fewterlock, dial, form of Fetterlock. Fewtir(e, var. of Fewter, Obs. t Fewtrer. Obs. rare “ 1 . [a. OF .feutrier, f. feutre felt.] A felt-maker, a worker in felt. 14 .. Lat.-Eng. Poe. in Wr.-Wiilcker 582 Fedorarius [? read foderarius\ a fewtrer. Fewtrils (fi?Ftrilz), sb. pi. dial. Little things, trifles. Cf. Fattrels. C1750 J. Collier (Tim Bobbin) Lane. Dial. G loss.. Fewtrils , little things. 1854 Dickens Hard T. 1. xi, ‘ I ha J gotten decent fewtrils about me agen.’ 1857 J. Scholks Jaunt to see Queen 28 (Lane. Gloss.) Peg had hur hoppet ov hur arm wi her odd fewtrils. + Pewty. Obs . Sc. In 6 fewtie. [f. Few + -ty.] The condition of being few; scarcity. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Lcslie^s Hist. Scot. (1885) 59 The raritie and fewtie or scant of sum of thame. + Fex. Obs.rare~- 1 . [ad. L .fsex. Cf. Faeces.] Sediment, waste, excrement. 1545 Raynold Byrth Mankynde (1564) 73 b, A watery substance, thicke like bryne, or other fex mixed with water. Fex, var. of Fax, Obs., hair. Fey (fc l ),tf. chiefly 6V. Forms: 1 fge^e, 3 fae^e, south, vsei^e, vai^e, faeie, south . vaeie, faie, 3-4 feie, south, veie, feye, 4 feije, south, veije, fei, 4-5 fay, (8 fie), 4- fey. [Common Teut.; OE. fvege — OS. figi (MDu. vege, Du. vecg), OHG .feigi (MHG. veige in same sense, also timid, cowardly, mod.G. feige cowardly), ON. feigr OTeut. *faigjo-; the ulterior etymology is uncertain : see Kluge and Franck.] 1 . Fated to die, doomed to death; also, at the point of death; dying. In literary use now arch . Still in popular use in Scotland: see quot. 1861. Beowulf 1568 (Gr.) Bil eal purhwod fejne fiseschoman. Ibid. 2141 Naes ic fae^e pa gyt. aiooo Byrhtnoth 119 (Gr.) JEt fotum feoll faeje cempa. c 1205 Lay, 517 Heo weren summe faie [C1275 veie]. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xvi. 2 As a frek pat feye were forth gan ich walke. C1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. 58 Death on the fayest fall. C1470 Henry Wallace iv. 92 Fey on the feld he has him left for deid. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 378 Throw misgyding, or than the man wes fey. 17.. Jock o' the Side xxx. in Scott Minstr. Scott. Bord. (1869) 103 There ’1 nae man die but him that’s fie. 1790 Burns Sheriffmuir ii, Thro’ they dash’d, and hew’d, and smash’d, Till fey men died awa, man. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xvi, Man! art thou fey ! 1861 Ramsay Remin. Ser. 11. 75 When a person does anything that is contrary to his habits or dispositions it is common, .to say, ‘ I wish the bodie be na fey’; that is, that this unwonted act may not be a prelude to his death. 1882 A. Lang Helen of Troy vi. xvi, O’er strange meat they revell’d like folk fey. absol. a 1000 Andreas 1532 (Gr.) Fsese swulton .. on ^eofene. c 1205 Lay. 31227 Feollen pa uai3e. a 1250 Prov. AElfrcd 170 in O. E. Misc. 112 For nys no wrt .. pat euer mvwe pas feye furp vp-holde. 1799 A. Johnston in Statist. Acc. Scotl. XXI. 148 The Fye gave due warning by certain signs of approaching mortality. Ibid. 149 [Superstition having diminished,] the Fye has withdrawn his warning, and the elf his arrows. [In Hone’s Every-day Bk. II. 1019, followed by many later writers, fye in quots. 1799 is taken as a synonym of Fetch. This seems to be a mistake.] J- 2 . Leading to or presaging death; deadly, fatal. Obs. c 1470 Henry Wallace ix. 1342 Full fey was maid that rout. 1513 Douglas AEneis x. Prol. 124 Bittyr was that frute for his ofspring and fey. 1799 Statist. Acc. Scot. XXI. 150 What Fye token do ye see about me? + 3 . Accursed, unfortunate, unlucky. Obs. a 1000 Crist 1534 (Gr.) On past deope dad .. gefealla 5 .. synfulra here .. fa^e gsestas. 1340-70 Alisauttder 397 For Sis feye folk Ser so fouli was harmed. 1513 Douglas sEncis iii. ix. 48 And of the company of fey Vlixes. + 4 . Feeble, timid ; sickly, weak. Obs. a 1000 Guthlac 281 (Gr.) Nis min breostsefa forht ne faeje. c 1350 Med. MS. in Archxol. XXX. 376 Parwynke. .beryth bio flour, His stalkys arn. .feynt &feye. c 1420 Avo7u. Arth. iv, Feye folke will he fere. 1513 Douglas sEneis xii. v. 41 That now, thus sleuthfully, sa fant and fey Huvis still on thir feldis. Hence Peydom, the state of being 1 fey \ 1823 Galt Entail I. 156 * I would hae thought the half o’t an unco almous frae you. I hope it’s no a fedain afore death.’ Fey, var. of Fay sb . 1 Obs. faith. Fey, obs. form of Fay v. 2 , Fee sb. 2 , Foe. Feyde, Feyer, obs. forms of Feed, Far. FeyfFe, obs. form of Five. Feygne, feynze, feynyn, obs. ff. Feign v. Feylour, var. of Feloure, Obs. Feyn(e(n, obs. forms of Fain, Feign. Feynd, feynt, obs. and Sc. forms of Fiend. Feynt(e, Feyre, obs. forms of Faint, Fear v. Feysaunte, obs. form of Pheasant. Feyt, obs. form of Fight. Feythhed. Obs, [f. OE. fxhj> enmity + -bed, -head.] Hostility. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) App. G 59 Cloten .. his foredene [v. r. feythhed] for howede. Feytous, var. of Featous a. Obs. Fez (fez), [a. (? through F .fez) Turk. fes, ^3 fes ; the name of the town Fez (in Morocco) is spelt in the same way, and it is alleged that the fez is so called from the town, where formerly it was chiefly manufactured.] A skull-cap formerly of wool, now of felt, of a dull crimson colour, in the form of a truncated cone, ornamented with a long black tassel; the national head-dress of the Turks. 1802-3 tr. Pallas' Trav. (1812) II. 347 The clergy and the aged wear under it [a high cap] the Fez, or a red, woven calotte. 1851 Layard Pop. Acc. Discov. Nineveh viii. 196 Round his fez .. endless folds of white linen. 1863 Speke Discov. Nile 261, I gave each of my men a fez cap. 1884 J. T. Bent in Macm. Mag. Oct. 426/2 The island sailors with their blue baggy trousers, red fezes, and bare legs. Hence Pezzed ppl. a., furnished with or wearing a fez. Also Pe’zzy a., nonce-zud., in same sense. 1891 New Review Dec. 517 Fezzed officials. 1876 G. Meredith Beauch, Career I. iv. 63 The fezzy defenders of the border fortress. Fezen, fezzan, dial, forms of Pheasant. + Finable, feable, a. Obs. [a. OF. fable, feablc, faithful, confident, f. fer to trust.] Faithful; in quot. quasi-J/ 5 . 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 437/2 Fader wylte thou receyue thys hoostye. .for al the fyables of god that are or lyue. Hence Pe’ably adv., confidently. C1490 Caxton Blanchardyn (E.E.T.S.) 128 Seeng pat feabli he myght speke without doubte or fear. || Fiacre (ffakr). [F .facre; it is said that the vehicles first so called belonged to an innkeeper (in 1648) who lived at the sign of St. Fiacre (De Broc Anc. Rigime 11.188).] A small four-wheeled carriage for hire, a hackney-coach, a French cab. 1699 M. Lister Journ. Paris xii, They are most, even Fiacres or Hackneys, hung with Double Springs. 1741 tr. D'Argens' Chinese Lett. i. 5 This miserable Vehicle, which the French call a Fiacre (i.e. a Hackney-Coach). 1826 Longf. in Life (1891) I. vii. 81 Cabriolets, fiacres, and carriages of all kinds. 1835 R. Buchanan Annan VPater xxvii, Hailing a fiacre, he jumped in. Fialle, obs. form of Phial. + Fianfailles, sb.pl. Obs. In 5 fyansialles, 7 fiancialles, fiansals. [a. F. fiancailles sb. pi., a betrothal, f .fiancer to betroth.] A betrothal. C1477 Caxton Jason 127 During the fyansialles and trouthplightyng of Iason and Creusa. 1625 J. Chamber¬ lain Let. 6 May in Crt. <5* Times CJias. I (1848) I. 18 The fiancialles were performed on Thursday. 1655 Digges Compl. Ambass. 183 Might she with a good Conscience substitute a Papist for her sons Proctor for the Fiansals. + Fi - ance, sb. Obs. Forms : 4-5 fiaunce, 5-6 fyaunce, (5 fyence), 6 fiance, [a. OF .fiance f. Jie>- to trust.] 1 . Confidence, trust. 1340 Ayenb. 164 J>e uerste poynte of prowesse hi clepie[> magnammitie. pe oper fiaunce. c 1400 Rom. Rose 5484 In whom no man shulde affye, Nor in hir yeftis have fiaunce. FIANCE. 183 FIBRE <•1440 Generyaes 5610 In whom suerly is all her fyence. <7x555 Philpot tr. Curio's Defi in Exam. <5- Writ. (Parker Soc ) 348 They admonish me that I neither give any fiance to thee. 2 . A promise, word of honour. 1470-85 Malory Arthur 1. iii, Syre Ector, .made fyaunce to the kyng for to nourisshe the child lyke as the Kynge de- syred. 1592 Wyrley Armorie 70 From his gag’d fiaunce cieere I set him free. t Fi 'ance, v. 06 s. [f. F. Jiancer, f. fiance a promise; see prec.] 1 . traits, a. = Affiance v. 2. b. To give one’s troth to ; to take as one’s betrothed. a 1450 Knt. tie la Tour lxxvii. 99 He wold graunte and fyaunce her to a man whiche was a paynyin. 1560 Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 433 a, The Duke of Florence had fiaunced his daughter to Ascanio the Byshop of Romes nephewe. 1613-8 Daniel Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 29 Harold was fyanced to. .the Duke’s daughter. b. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 119 b/2 Another louer..hath fyanced me by his fayth. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon xviii, 50 To fyaunce and to kys thre tymes the fayre Esclara- monde. 1587 Harmar tr. Beza’s Serm. i. 9 He hath .. fianced & betrothed to himself his church. 2 . To make to promise, put upon one’s parole. 1592 Wyrley Armorie 74 Rich prisoners were woon and fienced Vpon their faiths. II Fiance masc., Fiancee fern, (fiahse). [F. fiance, fiancte, pa. pple. f .Jiancer to betroth.] A betrothed person. 1853 Ld. Houghton in Li/e{ 1891) I. xi. 490 Nobody much here except Clough and his fiancee, a clever-looking girl. 1864 London Society VI. 58 The bride elect, the fiance, the trousseau .. she took under her most special charge. 1885 Graphic 3 Jan. 10/2 The fiance , Prince Henry. 1890 Besant Demoniac ii. 26 He would not trust himself to see his fiancee , Elinor Thanet. Fiansals, obs. form of Fianjjailles. Fiant (fai'ant). Also 6 flaunt, fyaunte. [L. fiant (3rd pers. pi. pres. subj. of fieri : see Fiat), in the formula fiant liter# patentes, ‘let letters patent be made out with which these documents formerly commenced.] A warrant addressed to the Irish Chancery for a grant under the Great Seal. By Spenser used iransf. 1534 Skeffyngton in St. Papers Hen. VIII , II. 193 There be serteyne fyauntes made, to be put up to the Kynges Highnes, for officis in Ireland. 1591 Spenser M. Hubberd 1144 Through his hand alone must passe the Fiaunt. 1614 in Cal. State Papers , Ireland 7 Dec. 530 Warrant to draw forth a fiant of pardon unto Connor Roe Magvvire, Esq. 1875 Seventh Rep. Deputy Keeper Records Irel. 27 The ‘ Fiants’. .extend from the 12th year of Henry VIII to the present time. tFiants, sb. Obs. Forms: 6-7 feance(s, fya(u)nts, 7-8 fiant(e)s, 8 fuants. [a. OF .fient masc., fiente fem. dung (repr. popular L. types *femiium, -a, f. *femus,’L.fimus dung), also fiens, pi. of fien, repr. L. fimum. The specialization of sense seems to be Eng.] The dung of certain animals, e. g. the badger, fox, etc. (see quots.). 1576 Turberv. Venerie 184 The Badgerd pigges at comming out of the earth do commonly .. cast their fyaunts. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Whs. 1. 93/1 A Deeres Fewmets, a Bore or a Beares Leasses, a Hare or Conneys Crottoyes, a Fox or a Badgers Feance. 1727 Bradley Earn. Diet. s.v. Badger , One of them casts his Fiants long, like a Fox. 1741 Compl. Fam. Piece 11. i. 297 The Hog-Badgers .. use to cast their Fiants or Dung in a small Hole. Hence tyrant v., of an animal: to cast its excrements; to dung. Obs. 1576 Turberv. Ve?ierie 184 They fyaunt within it [a hole] and hide it. Fiar (ffai), sb. Sc. Also 6, 8 fear and see Feuar. [? f. Fee sb.' 1 + -ar, -er.] The owner of the fee-simple of a property, as opposed to the life-renter. Conjunct fiar (see quot. 1597). 1597 Skene De Verb. Sign. s.v. Feodum , In this case the husband is proprietar and the wife is conjunct fear or liferentar. 1646 Sc. Acts Chas. I (1819) VI. 204 If the partie Delinquent be .. a Fiar, or hes any estate contracted to him. 1734 R. Keith Hist. Ch. Scot. 50 note , The Persons contained in the Summons were these viz. Norman Leslie, Fear of Rothes, &c. 1815 Scott Guy M. xxxvii, The old lady was certainly absolute fiar. 1832 Austin Jurispr. (1879) II. 1 . 858 The fiar (i.e. dominus or reversioner) may enter and work them. 1883 Ld. R. Clark in Law Reports 9 App. Cases 315/1 The trust purposes fail, so that the truster is the fiar of the trust estate. Fiars (fDrz), pi. Sc. [PI. of filer, Feer a standard.] The prices, annually fixed, of the different kinds of grain. Also more fully fiar(s prices , and sheriff-fiars. Fiars-conrt, the court at which the prices are fixed. 1723 Acts Sederunt 21 Dec. (1790) 278 Act declaring and appointing the Manner of striking the Sheriff-fiars. Ibid., That there is a general complaint, That the said fiars are struck, .without due care. Ibid. 279 Determining and fixing the fiar-prices. 1835 Act 5-6 Will. IV, c. 63 § 16 The Fiar Prices of all Grain in every County shall be struck by the Im¬ perial Quarter. 1861 W. Bell Diet. Law Scot. s. v., The prices fixed by the opinion of the jury and sanctioned by the judge are termed the fiars of that year. 1887 Scotsman 8 Mar., At a Fiars Court for the county of Renfrew held, .in Paisley, the prices of the season’s crops were struck. Fiasco (f/iJE’skt?). [a. (in sense 2 through F.) It .fiasco (see Flask) lit. ‘a flask, bottle’. The fig. use of the phrase far fiasco (lit. ‘ to make a bottle’) in the sense * to break down or fail in a performance is of obscure origin; Italian etymologists have proposed various guesses, and alleged incidents in Italian theatrical history are related to account for it.] || 1 . A bottle, flask. 1887 Athcmeum 12 Nov. 635/3 A fiasco of good Chianti could be had for a paul. 2 . A failure or break-down in a dramatic or musical performance. Also in a general sense: An ignominious failure, a * mull ’. 1855 Ld. Lonsdale in Croker Papers (1884) III. xxix. 325 Derby has made what the theatrical people call a fiasco. 1868 M. Pattison Academ. Org. vii. 329 We have lately had some rude reminders .. in the fiasco of our railway system, &c. 1879 Farrar St. Paul II. 347 They would take care that he should cause no second fiasco by turning their theologic jealousies against each other. Fiat (foi'&t). [a. L .flat ‘let it be done’, ‘let there be made’, 3rd pers. sing. pres. subj. of fieri, used as passive of facere to do, make.] 1 . orig. The word ‘ fiat ’ itself, or a formula con¬ taining it, by which a competent authority gave his sanction to a proposed arrangement, to the per¬ formance of a request, etc. Hence, an authoritative sanction, an authorization, f Fiat in bankruptcy : see quot. 1S48. [Compare the following examples in med.L.: Ita fiat ut ego Chlodoveus volui ( Grant by Clovis in Mabillon De Re Diplomatica vi. li. (1681) 463^. Signaturae autem Papales expediuntur ab ipsa sanctitate per Fiat simplex, vel per Fiat geminatum, vel per Fiat proprio motu, vel per Fiat, ut petitur ( Compend. Benefic. Expos, in Du Cange s. v.).] 1636 Sanderson Serm. II. 60 Unless the Lord be pleased to set His fiat unto it, and to confirm it with His royal assent. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. Concl. (1739) 201 Nothing can be concluded without the King’s Fiat. a 1670 Hacket Abp. Williams 1. § 101. 90 That all the Lecturers .. be Licenced . .with a Fiat from the Lord Arch- Bishop of Canterbury. 1768 Priv. Lett. Ld. Malmesbury I . 157 Mr. Wilkes not being in custody, the Attorney-General has refused his fiat to the writ of error which he wishes to sue out. 1834 Lytton Pompeii iv. ix, I tell thee I have the fiat of the praetor. 1848 Wharton Law Lex., Fiat in Bank¬ ruptcy, the authority of the Lord Chancellor to a commis¬ sioner of bankrupts, authorising him to proceed in the bankruptcy of a trader mentioned therein. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. VI. xvi. i. 132 The decisive fiat was given : ‘ Yes; start on it, in God’s name !’ b. gen. An authoritative pronouncement, decree, command, order. # 1750 A. Hill Wedding Day Wks. 1753 III. 173 Our hands, at length, the unchanging fiat bound. 1810 Shelley Zastrozzi xvii, Still Zastrozzi stood unmoved, and fearlessly awaited the fiat of his destiny. 1874 StubbsC*?#.^. Hist. II. xvii. 570 To determine by the fiat of the king alone the course of national policy. 1883 J. Hawthorne Dust I. 44 Whose fiat in matters of fashion was law. 2 . With reference to ‘ Fiat lux ’ (let there be light) Gen. i. 3 in the Vulgate : A command having for its object the creation, formation, or construc¬ tion of something. a 1631 Donne Storm 70 So that we (except God say Another ‘ Fiat ’) shall haue noe more day. 1710 Berkeley Princ. Hum. Knowl. § 60 If it be a Spirit that immediately produces every effect by a fiat or act of his will. 1779 T. Jefferson Corr. Wks. 1859 I. 215 Put into movement, .by the fiat of a comprehensive mind. 1871 Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (1879) I. i. 6 Was space furnished at once, by the fiat of Omnipotence, with these burning orbs ? 1872 Yeats Growth Comm. 358 St. Petersburg .. sprang into existence by the fiat of royal will. 3 . attrib ., as fiat-power ; fiat-money, US. money (such as an inconvertible paper currency) which is made legal tender by a 4 fiat ’ of the government, without having an intrinsic or promissory value equal to its nominal value. 1880 E. Kirke Garfield 30 We shall still hear echoes of the old conflict, such as. .the virtues of ‘fiat-money 1887 A. Johnston in New Princeton Rev. IV. 176 The verdict of approval, however, has usually taken a form which implies a certain fiat power in the Convention. 1888 Bryce Amcr. Commw. II. iii. Ivi. 369 note, Greenbacks, or so-called ‘fiat money Fiat (fai'set), v. [f. prec.] trans. To attach a ‘ fiat’ to ; to sanction. 1831 Fraser s Mag. IV. 246 Their adjudication is all but fiated when they go out of office. 1863 Le Fanu House by Churchyard (ed. 2) I. 7 My uncle fiated the sexton’s pre¬ sentment, and the work commenced forthwith. 1871 Times 25 Feb., Mr. Justice Fitzgerald to-day fiated a presentment for 500/. to the family of M’Mahon. Fiaunt, obs. var. of Fiant. Fib (fib), sb . 1 colloq. Also 8 phibb. [Of ob¬ scure origin; possibly shortened from Fible-fable.] 1 . A venial or trivial falsehood; often used as a jocular euphemism for ‘ a lie ’. 1611 Cotgr., Bourde , a ieast, fib, tale of a tub. 1726 De Foe Hist. Devil 11. iv. (1840) 221, I think it is a fib. 1773 Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. iii, Ask me no questions, and I’ll tell you no fibs. 1826 Scott Woodst. x, A fib never failed a fanatic. 1842 Thackeray Fitz-Boodle's Prof, i, He must not., tell fibs about himself or them.. 1875 H. James R. Hudson ii. 48 No one. .was used to offering hollow welcomes or telling polite fibs. 2 . One who tells ‘ fibs’; a fibber, a liar. 1568 Hist. Jacob <$• Esau v. vi. in Hazl. Dodsley II. 254 What sayest thou, thou fib? 1861 H. Kingsley Ravenshoe III. ix. 140 ‘Oh ! you dreadful fib’, said Flora. Fib (fib), sb . 2 [f. Fib v. 2 ] A blow. 1814 Sporting Mag. XLIV. iii A fib. .which he gave the Black under the left ribs. Fib (fib), vl Also 7 fibb, 8 phib. [f. Fib sb.] intr. To tell a fib ; to lie. 1690 Dryden Ainphitryon iv. i, I do not say he lyes neither: no, I am too well bred for that: but his Lordship fibbs most abominably. 1712 Arbuthnot John Bull iv. iv, Any particular mark . .whereby one may know when you fib. ^1839 Praed Poems (1864) II. 8 Both were very apt to fib ! 1863 A. Smith Dreajnthorp 11 Could I have fibbed . .Could I have betrayed a comrade? U Webster 1864 cites De Quincey for a transitive use, ‘To tell a fib to’; see quot. 1830 s.v. Fib 7;.^ Hence Frbb.ing vbl. sb., the action of the vb., an instance of this ; Fibbing ppl. a. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones xm. xii, At the expence of a little fibbing. 1820 Lamb Final Mein. iii. To Miss Hutchin¬ son 255, I shall certainly go to the naughty man some day for my fibbings. 1879 G. Meredith Egoist xxviii, No one could doubt his talent for elegant fibbing. Fib (fib), v . 1 slang, trans. To strike or beat, to deliver blows in quick succession upon, as in pugilism. To fib about : to knock about. Also absol. or intr. 1665 R. Head Eng. Rogue iv. 32 Fib, to beat. 1692 Coles, Fib, to beat. 1785 Grose Diet. Vulg. Tongue s.v. Fib, Fib the cove’s quarron in the rumpad for the lour in his bung, beat the fellow in the highway for the money in his purse. 1808 Sporting Mag. XXXII. 77 Gully, .fibbed him and kept him from falling. 1812 Ibid. XXXIX. 19 Crib, .fibbed until Molineux fell. 1831 Mirror XVII. 247/1 If two men choose to stand up and fib each other about . .why let them do it. 1865 G. F. Berkeley My Life I. 311 ,1 fibbed at half-a-dozen waistcoats and faces with all my might and main. fig. 1811 Southey Lett. (1856' II. 236 As you will see in the ‘Quarterly', where I have fibbed the ‘Edinburgh* (as the ‘ fancy ’ say) most completely. 1830 De Quincey Bentley Wks. VII. 90 Here, again, Bentley got Bishop Greene under his arm, and ‘fibbed ’ him cruelly. Hence Frbbing vbl. sb., the action of the vb., an instance of this. Also attrib. 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Diet., Fibbing-gloak, a pugilist ; fibbing-match, a boxing-match. 1814 Sporting Mag. XLI V. 72 Oliver got at the fibbing system. 1816 Times 25 Jan., Explain the terms.. fibbing—cross buttock.. bang up—and— prime. 1840 Barham Ingol. Leg., Bagman's Dog, Muses More skill’d than my meek one in fibbings and bruises. Fibber (fi'bgi). [f. Fib wd-h-ER 1 .] One who fibs or tells fibs; a petty liar. 1723 Dyche Diet., Fibber. 1746 Brit. Mag. 381 Molly., was received as a great Fibber. 1798 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. XXVI. 533 At length then, you fibber, you are return’d. 1882 Payn For Cash only xxvi, For one’s lover to be a fibber is bad enough, Fibbery (fi'bsri). [f. prec. + -y.] The practice of a fibber; falsehood, lying. 1857 ‘ Ducange Anglicus’ Vulg. To7igue 42 ‘The Leary Man’ 6 And if you come to fibbery, You must mug one or two. 1870 Standard 12 Dec., An official report, full of delicate fibbery, was placarded to reassure the public. t Fi’berkie. Sc. Obs. rare, [(.fiber, Fibre + -kie, Sc. dim. suffix.] A small fibre; a fibril. 1668 Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. 11. iii. 91 The Pericardium, .is firmly fastned. .by little smal Fiberkies. + Flbicches,//. Obs. rare. In 4 febicchis, fybicches. ? Contrivances, cheating tricks. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. xi. 156 3 et arn b ere febicchis of Forellis of mony mennes wittes. 1377 Ibid. B. x. 211 ^et ar here fybicches in forceres of fele mennes makynge. Fi'ble-fa'ble. Obs. exc. dial. Also 6 fybble- fable. [reduplication of Fable.] Nonsense. 1581 J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 407 The most fybble. fable yt ever could be imagined. 1847 Halliwell, Fiblc- fable , nonsense. f Fi'bling, ppl. a. ? nonce-wd. [as if pr. pple. of *fibble v., f. Fib sb?- or zd.] Addicted to telling little fibs. 1681 Hickeringill Vind. Naked Truth 11. 36 A tabling, quibbling, fribling, fumbling Arch-Deacon. II Fibra. Obs. PI. fibrae, fibra’s. [L. fibra Fibre.] A fibre, filament. 1641 Wilkins Math. Magick 1. v. (1648) 29 There are besides divers fibrse or hairy substances. 1657 M. Lawrence Use <§• Practice of Faith 15 The youngest plants thrust their fibra’s into the earth, a 1661 Fuller Worthies 1. 330 The many fibrae appendant to the root thereof. 1775 Ash, Fibra. + Fi'brate, v. Obs.~° [f. L. fibr-a + -ate 8.] /rails. To supply (something) with fibres or fila¬ ments. Hence Fibrated ppl. a. 1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Fibrated, that has small and hairy strings. Fibre Harbor), sb. Forms : 4 fybre, 7 fiuer, fiver, 7, 9 fiber, 9 fifer (dial?), 7- fibre, [a. F. fibre (— Sp., Pg., It. fiibra), ad. L. fibra, of un¬ certain origin; variously referred by etymologists to L. roots fid - (as in findere to split) andyfr- or fi- (as in fitlum thread). The spellingy?/;er is common in the U.S., but is now rare in England.] f 1 . After Latin usage : a. A lobe or portion of the liver, b. pi. The entrails. Obs. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. xxxix. (1495) 153 The endes of the lyuer hyght fybre for they.. beclepyth the stomake. 1398 Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. XIV. x, Ihey .. aske counsell of their gods by the aspect of mans intrales and fibres. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 342 The lobes or fibres in tile smal Liuers of certaine Mice. 2 . Phys. One of a number of thread-like bodies or filaments, that enter into the composition of animal (muscular, nervous, etc.) and vegetable tissue, a. in animals. Fibres of Corti'. see Cohtian a. FIBRE. 184 FIBRINOUS. 1607 Topsell FourJ. Beasts (1658) 99 His blood, .hath no Fibres or small veins in it. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. vi. (1626) 113 The threds Of life,his fiuers, wrathfull Delius shreds. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud . Ep. 111. xv. 142 Wormes. .whose bodies consist of round and annulary fibers. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1.5 Her wings look like a Sea-fan with black thick ribs or fibers, dispers’d, .through them. 1704 F. Fuller Med. Gymn. (1711) 33 The Fibre it self strengthens by Use. 1793 Holcroft Lavater's PJiysiog. xx. 98 In cold countries the fibres of the tongue must be less flexible. 1808 A. Par¬ sons Trav. i. 7 The natives eat the myrtle berries as an astringent; their fibres being rendered extremely lax by the climate. 1855 Bain Senses <$• Int. 1. ii. § 4 The optic nerve .. might contain as many as a million of fibres. 1888 J. Martineau Study Relig. 1 .11. i. 305 Its two thousand fibres of Corti stretched. Jig. a 1634 Chapman (W.), Yet had no fibres in him, nor no force. 1638 W. Grant in G. Sandy s' Paraphr. Div. Poems Pref. Verse, Truth .. so sweetely strikes Upon the Cords, and Fivers of the Heart. 1742 Young Nt. Th. v. 1059 The tender tyes, Close-twisted with the fibres of the heart! 1831 Carlyle Misc. (1857) 11 - 3 2 9 Every fibre of him is Philistine. 1847 Emerson Poems, Monadnoc Wks.(Bohn) I. 435 And of the fibre ..Whose throbs are love, a 1853 Robertson Addr. ii. (1858) 55 They are bound up in every fibre of my being, b. in plants. 1663 Cowley Ode Dr. Harvey i, No smallest Fibres of a Plant .. His passage after her withstood. 1676 Hale Con¬ tempt. 1. 254 A Worm, .gnaws asunder the Roots and Fibres of it. 1703 Pope Vertumnus 16 The thirsty plants .. feed their fibres with reviving dew. 1791 Hamilton BertJiollet's Dyeing I. 1. 1. iii. 52 The vascular fibres of the bark. 1838 T. Thomson CJtem. Org. Bodies 11. v. 984 There is .. an attraction between vegetable fibres and watery liquids. 1865 Lubbock Preh. Times xiii. (1869) 462 They also used the fibres of the cocoa nut for making threads. 3 . One of the thread-like filaments of organic structure which form a textile or other material substance ; also transf. of inorganic substances. 1827 Faraday Chem. Manip. ii. 49 A silk fibre. 1832 Babbage Econ. Matin/, iv. (ed. 3) 32 Twisting the fibres of wool by the fingers would be a most tedious operation. 1832 G. R. Porter Porcelain Gl. 282 Delicate, .fibres of glass joined with the greatest nicety. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. 193 A very liquid lava may be caught by the wind, and drawn out into delicate fibres. 4 . collect . A substance consisting of fibres, whether animal or vegetable. Also, Fibrous structure. 1810 Henry Elem.Chem. (1826) II. 273 The woody fibre.. does not undergo any change. 1831 R. Knox Cloquet's Aunt. 7 Nervous fibre : this is the peculiar substance of which the brain and nerves are composed. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, Montaigne Wks. (Bohn) I. 349 He has contrived to get so much bone and fibre as he wants. 1854 H. Miller Footpr. Creat. x. (1874) 183 note , Pieces of coal which exhibit the ligneous fibre. 1858 Carpenter Veg. Phys. % 42 Even these primary tissues may be regarded as consisting of other parts still more simple,—namely, membrane and fibre. b. fig. 1855 Bain Senses <$• Dit. in. iv. § 17 A man of the political fibre. 1872 Bagehot Physics <$• Pol. (1876) 47 There is an improvement in our fibre—moral, if not physical. 1885 Centuiy Mag. XXX. 398/1 This love of fierce and cruel sport was in the fiber. 5 . esp. A fibrous substance fit for use in textile fabrics. 1870 Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. 70 Vegetable fibres find India their most prolific home. 1875 D. Kay in Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) I. 565/1 The most important fibre is the crin vegetal. .produced from the dwarf palm. 1879 J. Paton Ibid. IX. 131/2 Textile Fibres .. include all substances capable of being spun, woven, or felted. 1892 K. Tynan in Speaker 3 Sept. 290/1 [The roses] were swathed in cocoanut fibre and sacking. 6. A subdivision of a root, a small root or rootlet; occas. of a twig. 1656-81 Blount Glossogr., Fibers, the smal threads, or hair¬ like strings of roots. 1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 11. 56 The Root consists of many small Fibers. 1787 Winter Syst. Husb. 153 Their numerous fibres or lateral roots will extend themselves horizontally. 1807 J. E. Smith Phys. Bot. 105 After they [plants] have begun to throw out new fibres, it is more or less dangerous, .to remove them. 1810 Scott Lady 0/ L. 1. xxv, Where weeping birch and willow round With their long fibres swept the ground. 1821 Shelley Prometh. Unb. 1. 154 To the last fibre of the loftiest tree. 1840 Spurdens Suppl. Voc. E. Anglia, Fifers. .fibrous roots. Jig. a 1679 T. Goodwin Wks. (1697) IV. 11. 65 To apply Christ, is. .to strike forth a Sprig or Fibre from every Faculty into him. 1869 Goulburn Purs. Holiness vii. 55 Whatever fibres there are in our nature by which we cling and cleave to those around us. 1879 Farrar St. Paul (1883) 177 A man who had tried, .to extirpate the very fibres of the church. + 7 . In Kepler’s system of celestial physics : see quot. Ohs. [16:8 Kepler Epit. Aslron. Copemic. v. (1635I 643 Posui- mus, in cuiuslibet planetse corpore duplices inesse fibras .. fibrae latitudinis fere quidem in parallelo situ manent toto circuitu.] 1715 tr. Gregory’s Astron. I. 1. Ixviii. 139 [The Planet] will come nearer to the Sun, till the Right lines drawn according to the direction of this part (that is, the Fibres along which this attractive Virtue is propagated from the Sun), .are no more inclined to the Sun. Ibid. lxix. 143 In each Planet there are Fibres (which he calls from their Office, the Fibres of Latitude). 8. attrib. andComb., as fibre-cultivation , -machine ; also fibre-basket (see quot.) ; fibre-cell (see quot. 1884) ; fibre-gun (see quot.). 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., * Fibre-basket, Schultze’s term for the sustentacular tissue of the retina. 1878 Bell Gegenbauer s Comp. Anal. 31 The .. contractile *fibre-cells constitute the first form. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fibre-cell, Kolliker’s term for the fusiform, nucleated, cellular structures which form the involuntary muscles. 1892 Pall Mall G. 21 July 7/1 The progress made in *fibre cultivation in the colony. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech., * Fiber-gun, a device for disintegrating vegetable fiber. 1887 Pall Mall G. 6 May 12/1 A few leaves .. were recently passed through Death’s *fibre machine. Fibre (foi'ba-t), v. rare. [f. prec. sb.] intr. Of plants : To form or throw out fibres. 1869 Daily News 6 Feb., The plant is sufficiently strong, with ample room to fibre as prodigally as it likes. Fibred (fai'baid), ppl. a. [f. Fibre sb. + -ed 2 .] Furnished with fibres; chiefly in comb., as finely - fibred, three fibred, etc. Also fig. 1776 Withering Brit. Plants (17961 II. 14 Serpyllifolia .. leaves .. 3-fibred. 1844 Mrs. Browning Lost Bower xxiv, The wild hop fibred closely. Jig. 1869 Bushnell Worn. Suffrage viii. 177 They have a nature fibred and feathered for the highest inspirations. 1874 Blackie Self-Cult. 67 Some of the kindliest and most finely-fibred affections. Fibreless (farbaales), a. [f. Fibre +-less.] Without fibres or fibre; without strength, nerve¬ less. 1864 Sat. Rev. 21 May, More nerveless and fibreless than a screeching sopranello in the Papal choir. 1884 L’fool Mercury 3 Mar. 5/3 The fibreless Liberals who went into alliance with them. Fibrement (farboiment). rare. [f. Fibre + -ment.] The process of making fibre or flesh. 1876 Lanier Poems, Clover 118 The pasture is God’s pasture ; systems strange Of food and fiberment he hath. Fibriform (farbrif^jm), a. [f. Fibre + -(i)form.] Having the form of a fibre or fibres; fibre-like. 1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 700 Coralla calcareous, consisting of fibriform tubes. 1884 Bower & Scott De Bary’s Phaner. <$• Ferns 497 They then always belong to the * fibriform * category, resembling woody fibres in shape. Fibril (fai-bril). [ad. mod. Y. fibrilla'. see next. Cf. Yi.fibridle.] A small fibre. 1 . Phys. The subdivision of a fibre (see Fibre 2 a) in a nerve, muscle, etc. 1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Fibrils , little small strings of fibres, or of the nerves or veins. 1713 Cheselden Anat. in. xv. (1726) 247 The nervous fibrils probably do not communicate. 1794 G. Adams Nat. <$- Exp. Philos. II. xvii. 286 The corresponding fibrils of the two retinas. 1805 Carlisle in Phil. Trans. XCV 1 . 8 Three large superficial nerves .. give off fibrils at right angles. >855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) I. 1. iii. 53 An extremely delicate fibril less than of an i nc h in length. 2 . Bot. The ultimate subdivision of a root. 1664 Evelyn Sylva (1776) 51 Theophrastus gives us great caution .. to preserve the roots and especially the earth adhering to the smallest Fibrils. . 1835 Lindley Introd. Bot. (1848) I. 237 The minute subdivisions [of the rootj have been .. called radicles .. others name them fibrils., i860 Oliver Less. Bot. (1873) 11 A Root, .gives off fibrils irregularly. 3 . Something resembling a small fibre. 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. m. xx, Her dark hair curling in fresh fibrils as it gradually dried. Fibrilla (fsibri'la). PI. fibriHffl (faibri*lz). [mod. L. fibrilla , dim. of L .fibra Fibre.] =prec. 1665-6 Phil. Trans. I. 317 A Nerve, or a Fibrilla related to it is touch’d, a 1754 Mead Wks. (1762) II. 535 Rays of light, falling on the small arteries, instead of the nervous fibrillae. 1757 Watson Chem. Ess. V. 120 Fibrillae of feathers. 1854 J. Hogg Microsc. 1. iii. 112 The most delicate of the elementary tissues of animals, such as. .the ultimate fibrillae of muscles. 1872 Huxley Phys. ix. 222 If the fibrillae of the optic nerve are capable of being affected by light. Fibrillar (fai’brilaj), a. [f. prec. +-AR.] Of, pertaining to, of the nature of, or characteristic of a fibrilla or fibrillae. 1847-9 Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 119/2 Fibrillar substance occurs in Growths in many varieties of form. 1859 Carpenter Anim. Phys. {.(1872) 33 The coagulum or clot being dis¬ tinguished from that of albumen .. by the fibrillar arrange¬ ment of its particles. Fibrillary (fai-brilari). [f. Fibrilla +-ary.] = Fibrillar. 1788 tr. Swedenborg’s Wisd. Angels § 365 The. .fibrillary Substance begins and proceeds thence every where. 1875 H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 312 When the poison is applied .. fibrillary contractions .. are induced in the muscles. Fibrillate (fsrbril^t), a. [f. Fibrilla + -ATE 2 .] = FlBRILLATED. 1884 tr. De Bary’s Fungi i. ii. § 13. 57 In large compound sporophores the surface of sections or broken pieces may often appear fibrillate even to the naked eye. Fibrillate (farbril^t), v. [f. Fibrilla + -ate 3 .] intr . Of the blood : To turn into fibrillae; to form fibrils or fibres. J 839-47 Todd Cycl. Anat. III. 746/2 Place a drop of the colourless liquor sanguinis, before it fibrillates, on each of the large slips. 1854 Jones & Siev. Pathol. Anat. ii. 29 It appears as an homogeneo-granular blastema, .with more or less marked tendency to fibrillate or form actual fibres. Hence Frbrillating///. a . 1854 Jones & Siev. Pathol. Anat. ii. 30 A thin layer of.. fibrillating material, .unites and holds together the divided surfaces. 1875 H. Walton Dis. Eye p. xxii, Its circum¬ ference is dark and fibrillating. Fibrillated (farbrilrted), ppl. a. [f. prec. + -ed *.] Arranged in fibrils; having a fibrillar structure. 1847-9 T odd Cycl. A fiat. IV. 138/2 Simple condensation of the original fibrillated fibrin. 1851 Carpenter Man. Phys. (ed. 2) 319 The fibrillated network forming the huffy coat undergoes the slow contraction. 1877 Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. ii. 104 A .. cortical layer, fibrillated in a direc¬ tion perpendicular to the surface. Fibrillation (faibriki'Jsn). [f. as prec.; see -ation.J The process of becoming fibrillated ; the state or condition of being fibrillated ; an arrange¬ ment into fibrils; also concr. a fibrillated mass. 1839-47 Todd Cycl. Anat. III. 743/2 But in the ordinary fibrin of the blood, the fibrillation is less distinct. 1845 Todd & Bowman Phys. Anat. I. 227 A nerve .. presents itself as a pale cord with a longitudinal fibrillation. 1861 T. Graham Pract. Med. 22 The coagulation or fibrillation of the fibrine. 1875 H. Walton Dis. Eye p. xxii, From this fibrillation the posterior set of fibres pass. b. A quivering movement in the fibrils of a muscle or nerve. 1882 Quain Med. Diet., Fibrillation, muscular, a localised quivering or flickering of muscular fibres. Fibrilliferous (foibrilrferos), a. [f. as next + -(i)ferous.] Bearing or provided with fibrils. In some mod. Diets. Fibrilliform (foibri-lif^im), a. [f. Fibrilla + -(i)form.] Having the form of a fibril or fibrils. 1847-9 Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 398/1 The fibrilliform fronds of the fresh-water algae. 1870 Bentley Bot. 37 Inextricably interwoven .. so as to form a loose fibrilliform tissue. Fibrillose (f3i : brilese fyue sy]>ez . .were .. fyched upon fyue poyntes. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. 11. iv. 45 Haue mynde certeynly to ficchyn (n house of a myrie site in a lowe stoone. 1382 Wyclif Josh. iv. 3 In the place of tends, where this nytjt fitchen tentis. 1412-13 Hoccleve Counsel to Hen. V, 9 God dreede and ficche in him your trust. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Troy v. xxxvi. To fyche fynally the date, c 1477 Caxton Jason 94 Whan she hadde put al these thinges in a balance and fiched in her engyn she began to recomforte medea. [1530 Palsgr. 549/1, I Fyche (Lyd- gat), I stedye or make ferme or stedfaste, Je fiche. This terme is nat yet [i.e. no longer] admytted.j b. To stud, furnish with something infixed. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Catharina 852 Foure quhelis .. Of pe quhilkis pe felyis all With scharpe houkis fichit be sail. 1413 Lydg. Pilgr. Smote in. iv. (1483) 52 The compas of this whele was fitched ful of hokes. 2 . To pierce, penetrate; lit. and fig. 1388 Wyclif Ps. xxxiv. 16 Thei ben scaterid and not ficchid with sorewe. ?a 1400 llorte Arth. 2098 Thay flitt fulle frescly |?er frekez, ffichene with fetheris thurghe b e fyne maylez. ta 1400 Arthur 462 Quarels, arwes, J? e y fiy smerte ; pe fyched Men pru3 heed & herte. Flence Fi'cching vbl. sb., in quot. cotter, the place where anything is fixed, the ‘ print’. 1382 Wyclif John xx. 25, I schal se in his hondis the ficching of naylis. Ficelle (fz’sefl). [a. F. ficelle pack-thread.] Only in comb., as ficelle colour, the colour of pack¬ thread ; ficelle-lace, string-coloured lace. 1882 Queen 22 July 94/1 No dress looked prettier than a thin canvas of dark ficelle colour. 1882 World 21 June 18/1 A white muslin trimmed with wide flouncings of ficelle lace. Ficesyn, obs. form of Physician. Fich, obs. form of Vetch. Fich, Fich- : see Fitch, Fitch-. Fichant (frjant). [a. F. fichant, pr. pple. of ficher to fix : see Ficche v.] (Seequots.) 1688 Capt. J. S. Fortification 30 The Fichant or fixed line must not exceed a Musquet-shot. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Line of Defence Fichant or Fixed. Ibid., Flank Fichant is that from whence a Piece of Ordinance playing, fixes its Bullets in a direct Line in the Face of the opposite Bastion. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Fichant, in forti¬ fication, said of flanking fire which impinges on the face it defends. Fiche, obs. form of Fish, Fitch. Fichtelite (fi'xtelait). Min. [Named by Bro- meis in 1841 after the Fichtel Mts., Bavaria, where it is found : see -ite.] A mineral resin occurring in white crystalline scales on fossil pine wood. ' 1844 Dana Min. 514 The Fichtelite of Bromeis .. is a similar substance. Fichu (fzjtt, fi'Ji u). [a. F. fichu, app. a subst. use of fichu adj. in the sense ‘ carelessly thrown on ’.] A triangular piece of some light fabric, worn by ladies, now as a covering for the neck, throat, and shoulders, formerly also for the head. 1803 Morning Chron. in Spirit Pub. Jrnls. (1804) VII. 17 Must there be a particular act, regulating every piece of dress?, .we should read, .of the Fichu Bill being committed, the Landau Bill being reported [etc.]. 1824 Ladies Monthly Museum July XX. 54 Bonnets of white sarsnet are tied down with a fichu. 1825 Ibid. June XXL 347 The mantelet cap .. is of white gauze, the front ornamented with fichu points. 1826 Ibid. Mar. XXIII. 171 A small fichu is thrown carelessly over the neck. 1832 Mrs. F. Trollope Dom. Mann. Amer. xvii. (1834)146 A scarlet fichu relieved the sombre colour of her dress. 1877 M. M. Grant Sun-Maid ii, She wore a fichu of fine lace. Ficiform (frsifjjim), a. [f. L .fici-, combining form of ficus fig + -form.] Fig-shaped. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. Ficinite (frsinait). Min. [Named by Bern- hardi in 1827 after Prof. Ficimis : see -ite.] A hydrous sulpho-phosphate of iron and manganese. 1852 Shepard Min. 404 Ficinite , Bernhardi. 1868 Dana Min. (ed. 5) § 585 Ficinite. + Ficker, jocular perversion of Vicar. 1589 Marprel. Epit. Title-p., Compiled for the behoofe and overthrow of the vnpreaching Parsons, Fyckers, and Currats. Ibid. (1843) 53 Fickers, parsens and currats. Fickle (fi’k’l), a. Forms: 1 ficol, 3-4 fik-, 4 fick-, 4-6 fyck-, 5-6 fek-, fykel(e, -ell(e, -il(l, -kil(l, -le, -ul, -yl(l, 3 south, vikel, 7 ficle, 6- fickle. [OY.. ficol, f. *fic-ian to deceive (cf. befician in same sense), cognate with gefic deceit, fxciie deceitful: see Faken «.] + 1 . False, deceitful, treacherous. Obs. a 1000 Gloss, on Prov. xiv. 25 (Cott. Vesp. D. 6) Versipellis , ficol vel pretti. 011225 Auer. R. 268 Fikele & swikele reades. a 1240 Ureisun in Cott. Horn. 185 Cunfort on eorj^e h et is fikel and fals. c 1300 Havelok 2799 We hauen misdo mikel, pat we ayen you haue be fikel. c 1325 Song J ’esterday 30 m E. E. P. (1862) 134 pis eorpeli ioie, Jns worldly blis Is but a fykel fantasy. ^1400 Song Roland 147 ‘A! ffals man’ quod the kinge ‘ Fekill is thy thought.' c 1425 Seven Sag. 985 (P.) With fykyl wordis and with false, c 1450 Lonelich GrailxWi. 40 Kyng Crwdelx was so fekel and felle. a 1533 Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) X viij, Otherwyse theyr conuersacion shulde be fekyl to the people. absol. c 1440 Bone Flor. 2184 Thes four fekyll That harmed feyre Florence. b. Of places ; Treacherous, dangerous. Now-SV. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. cxxix. (1495) 938 Actus is a place there beestys ben ofte dryuen and is slypper and fyckyl. 1883 Mrs. Oliphant Ladies Lindores II. xvi. 41 It's a fickle corner in the dark .. A wrong step .. and there would be no help. 2 . Changeable, changeful, inconstant, uncertain, unreliable: a. of persons, their attributes, feelings, etc; also often, with personification, of Fortune, Chance, etc. a 1275 Prov. sElfred 355 in O. E. Misc. (1872) 125 For moni mon hauit fikil mod. 1550 Bale Apol. Pref. 12 b, I maruile What hath moued the fyckle heades of our doctours. 1592 Shaks. Rom. <$• Jul. hi. v. 60 O Fortune, Fortune, all men call thee fickle. 1630 Prynne Anti-A rmin. 114 It makes the fickle wauering, vneonstant will of man, the very basis. 1663 Cowley Agric. Wks. 1710 II. 708 An impudent, fickle, and painted Harlot. 1667 Milton P. L. 11. 233 When everlasting Fate shall yeild To fickle Chance. 1783 Watson Philip III (1793) II. vi. 164 Though sovereign princes .. be naturally capricious and fickle in their attach¬ ments. 1814 Scott Ld. of Isles vi. vi, Versed in the fickle heart of man. 1861 Holland Less. Life iii.44 Friends may prove false, and fortune fickle. 1870 Bryant Iliad I. in. 85 The younger men are of a fickle mood. b. of things, natural agents, etc. c 1450 Henryson Compl. Creseide 550, I .. clame upon the fickill quheill sa hie. 1513 Douglas AEneis xii. i. 106 Persave of weir the fykkill ward onstabill ! 1563 B. Googe Eg logs, etc. (Arb.) 84 The surest Staffe, in fyckle Dayes. c 1600 Shaks. Sonn. cxxvi, O Thou my louely Boy who in thy power, Doest hould times fickle glasse. 1612 Davies Why Heland, etc. ( 1747) 15 The popes donation and the Irish submissions were but weak and fickle assurances. 1774 Beattie Mmstr. 11. Iv, Fancy now no more Wantons on fickle pinion through the skies. 1818 Scott Rob Roy i, He who embarks on that fickle sea, requires to possess the skill of the pilot. 1835 Ure Philos. Manuf 398 The fickle health of childhood. «i 839 Praed Poems (1864) I. 234 Through shine and shower My fickle shallop dances. 1861 Holland Less. Life i. 12 The weather being very fickle. 3 . As adv\ only in combination with ppl. adjs. 1611 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. iv. iv. Decay 1199 Our glory stands so fickle-founded thus. 1596 Fitz-Geffray Sir F. Drake (1881) 54 Fortvne .. stoode not on her fickle- rowling wheele. 4 . Comb., as fickle fancied , - headed, - minded (whence fickle-viindedly adv.) adjs.; ficklewise adv. ; also fickle-tongue a., given to falsehood; + fickle-hammed a., ? weak in the hams. a 1670 Hacket Abp. Williams 1. (1692) 41 Those *fickle- fancy’d men. 1675 Lond. Gaz. No. 993/4 A Red Roan Nag about six, and ^fickle hammed. 1577 Harrison Englatnl 11. vii. (1877) 1. 168 The *fickle headed tailors. 1661 Hicker- ingill Jamaica 97 Those fickle-headed Soldiers, a 1600 Hooker Eccl. Pol. vi. (1617) 280 Speaking of ^fickle-minded men. 1875 Howells B'oregone Concl. iii. 68 I’ve behaved rather *fickle-mindedly. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. iii. 6 Bo]?e fals and fauel and *fykel-tonge lyere. 1877 Lanier Poems, Bee 9 And flew Most ^ficklewise about. + Fickle, v. 1 Obs. Forms: 3 fikele, 4 fyekel, fykel, 6 fykkle ; also 3 vikel i. [frequentative of Fike v. ; cf. Ger. dial .ficheln (Grimm) in same sense.] intr. To flatter. Also to fickle with. a 1225 Ancr. R. 84 pe vikelare. .put him preon in eien, J>aet he mid vikeleS. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 845 pis was po pe gode dorter pat nolde vikeli no^t, Ofte ping pat is ivikeled to worse ende is bro^t. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvm. xxvii. (1495) 787 A hounde ofte fyckelyth and fawnyth wyth his taylle on men. 1537 St. Papers Hen. VIII , II. 480 They goo aboute to fykkle with Iryshe men. Hence Pickling vbl. sb., flattery; Pickling* ppl. a. Also Pickier, a flatterer. a 1225 Ancr.R. 86 Uikelares beoS preo kunnes. Ibid. 82 Attri speche is .. baebitunge, & fikelunge. Ibid. 224 To wenen pet hit were uikelunge 3if heo speke ueire. Ibid. 257 Leouere me beo '5 hire wunden pen uikiinde [7'. r. fikelinde] cosses. a 1240 Sawles Warde in Cott. Horn. 253 Of peos fikelinde world. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 30 Pleo no koupe of no fikelyng, and ne onswerede not so. Fickle (fi'k’l), vfi dial. [Cf. Fickle a. i b.] trans. a. To puzzle, b. (see quot. 1736.) 1567 [implied in Fickle-force]. 1736 Pegge Kenticisms , Fickle j to fickle a person in the head with this or that, to put it into his head; in a baddish sense. 1816 Scott Antiq. xxxix, ‘ She may come to fickle us a’.' 1859 Smiles Self-Help 49 Then other questions were put to * fickle * him. f Frckledom. Obs. rare- 1 , [f. Fickle a.+ -dom.] The realm of fickleness. a 1754 Richardson Corresp. (1804) III. 315 Who would wish for so transient a dominion in the land of fickledom ! t Frckle-force. nonce-wd. [f. Fickle vP 1 (sense 1) + Force.] (See quot.) 1567 Maplet Gr. Forest 1 Adamant .. yeeldeth or giueth place to nothing, wherefore the Greekes call it Fickle-force. Fickleness (fi'k’lnes). [f. Fickle a. + -ness.] The qualitv or state of being fickle. + 1. Falseness, deceit, treachery. Obs. rare, c 1397 Chaucer Lack Stedf 20 From Right to wronge from trowght to fekylnesse. 2 . Changeableness, inconstancy, variableness. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke iv. 43 This iourneiyng from place to place was not the disease of ficlenesse or of vnstablenesse. 1665 Boyle Occas. Re/I. (1845) 291 The Muta¬ bility and Fickleness of Prosperity. 1716 Addison Freeholder No. 25 P 1 There are some who ascribe this to the fickleness of our climate. 1828 Scott B\ M. Perth xxv, It could not be levity or fickleness of character which induced his daughter to act with so much apparent inconsistency. 1875 Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. Ixxxix. 2 All things savour of the changes of the moon and the fickleness of the sea. Ficklety (frk’lti). rare— 1 . — prec. 2. 1888 G. Allen DeviVs Die II. xxv. 122 They hate the imputation of ficklety or falseness. Fickly (frkli), adv. Now rare. Also 7 ficklely. [f. as prec. + -(l)y 2 .] In a fickle manner, variably, inconstantly, f deceitfully. a 1300 E. E. Psalter v. 11 With par tunges fikeli pai dide. c 1425 Wyntoun C7‘on. vm. xxxiii. 134 Bot Fortowne, povvcht scho fald fekilly Will noucht at anis Myscheffis fall. 1660 Howell Lexicon , Ficklely, inconstannnent. 1666 Pepys Diary 30 Mar., Having given her mistress warning fickly. 1721 Southerns Spartan Dame 1. i, A present pow’r, that’s fickly held By the frail tenure of the people’s will. II Fico (f/'ka). [It. fico :—\..fiictts Fig sb.' 1 . For sense 3 see under Fig r 5 A] + 1 . = Fig sb . 1 2. Obs. a 1577 Gascoigne Herbes Wks. (1587) 153 To suppe some¬ times with a Magnifico, And have a Fico foysted in thy dish. 1630 Johnson’s Kingd. Commouw. 30 To reward most of his great Captaines. .with a Spanish fico. Ibid. 57 A poisonsome tricke of an Italian fico. 2 . =Fig sbf 4. Obs. exc. arch . 1598 E. Gilpin Skial. (1878) 68 lie .. cry, a Fico for the Criticke spleene. 1606 Marston Faum 1. ii. B iv b, For wealth he is of my addiction and bid’s a fico for’t. 1823 Scott Peveril xxxviii, But proclaim !—a fico for the phrase. [After Shaks. Merry W. 1. iii. 33.] 1886 Bynner A . Surriagc xxix. 343, I wouldn't give a fico for all you ever recover from her. + 3 . —Fig sbP To give the fico. Obs. 1596 Lodge Wits Misery 23 Giuing me the Fico with his thombe in his mouth. 1602 Carew Cornwall 1. 22 b, Hauing once recouered his fortresse, he then giues the Fico, to all that his adversaries can. .attempt against him. Ficoid (farkoid), a. and sb. [ad. mod.L. fico'ides, f. L .fic-us fig ; see -oid.] A. adj. a. =Ficoidal a. 1. b. Resembling a fig; fig-like. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Ficoid, belonging to, resembling, or having an arrangement of parts as in the Genus Ficus. Also, resembling a fig; fig-like. B. sb. A plant of the N. O. Mese?nbriaceve. 1741 Compl. Fam. Piece 11. iii. 362 In a warm Day give a little Water to your most succulent Ficoids. 1846 Lindley Veg. Kingd. 525 The seed-vessels of the Ficoids exhibit remarkable phenomena. Ficoidal (fikoi-dal), a. and sb. [f.as prec. +-AL.] A. adj. 1 . Related to or resembling the genus Ficus. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 2 . Pertaining to, or of the nature of, the Natural Order Ficoidese or Mcsembriacex. Ficoidal alli¬ ance, a name given by Lindley to a group containing the Mesembriaceae and three other orders. 1846 Lindley Veg. Kingd. 523 The Ficoidal Alliance. Ibid. 525 Ficoidal Exogens. B. sb. A plant belonging to the Ficoidal Allia 7 ice. 1846 Lindley Veg . Kingd. 525 They are to Ficoidals. .the princes of their race. II Ficoides (fikoi*d/"z). [mod.L .fico'ides: see Ficoid.] A botanical name applied to various plants ; in quots. the Ice-plant \Mesembria71the - imwi crystalliiiuin). 1753 Chambers Cycl. Supp., Ficoides. 1784 Covvper Task iii. 579 The spangled beau, Ficoides, glitters bright the winter long. 1811 Mrs. M. Starke Beauties of C. M. Maggi 48 Nymph on whose breast the gem'd Ficoides beams. Ficous (fei'kas), a. [f. L .fic-us fig + -ous.] 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Ficous, like a fig or like the disease Ficus. t Fict, a. and sb. Obs. [ad. L .fict-its, pa. pple. of fingcre to fashion, Feign.] A. adj. 1 . = Feigned 2. In quot. absol. or quasi-m/z;. 1677 T. Harvey tr. J. Owen's EJigr. i. xxxi, Poets of things past write false and fict. 2 . Mils. =Feigned 5 a. Only in Fict voice (L. vox ficla ), a note altered by an accidental flat ac¬ cording to the rules of Musica ficta, i.e. music in which the accidentals were supplied, instead of being left to the singer’s discretion. See Grove Diet. Mus. II. 413/1. 1609 Douland Omith. Microl. 87 The placing of Rests in a Counterpoint is. .tollerated ..To auoide Fict Voices, and the forbidden Internals. FICT. 187 FICTITIOUSLY. B. sb. A note occurring in certain Hexachords when altered as above. Also Scale of fids. 1609 Douland Ornith. Microl. 25 The Scale of nets or Synemenon and how the Mutations are made. + Fict, V. Mus. Obs. [f. prec.] intr. To undergo the alterations required by the rules of Musica fida : see prec. 1609 Douland Ornith. Microl. 25 Musicke may Fict in any Voyce and Key, for Consonance sake. t Fictation. Obs. [f. L .fid- (rare), ppl. stem of figere to fix + -ATiON. Cf. med.L. fictatidn-em. ] = Fixation (of a volatile substance). 1612 Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 271. t Fi'ctilage. Obs. [f. next + -age.] (See quots.) 1610 W. Foliungham Art of Survey 1. vii. 14 Fictilage is the forming and transforming of y« Matter in form or sub¬ stance : as in making of Tile .. Brick, Pots .. Glasse, etc. 1688 R. Holme Armoury in. 333/2 Fictilage is an ordering of Clayie Ground for what use we would have it. Fictile (fi'ktil), a. and sb. [ad. L. fidil-em , f. fingere to fashion : see -ile.] A. adj. 1 . Capable of being moulded, suitable for making pottery. Now rare. 1675 Evelyn Terra (1776) 8 The several Fictile clays. fig- *837 Carlyle Fr. Rev . (1872) 1 .1. ii. 6 Ours is a most fictile world ; and man is the most fingent plastic of creatures. 2. Moulded into form by art; made of earth, clay, etc. by a potter. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 841 Fictile Earth is more fragile than crude Earth and dry wood than green. 1655 Stanley Hist. Philos, in. 92, I was but fool’d To worship in his room a fictile deity. 1662 Evelyn Chalcogr. i. 5 And why may not the Tori, Brawn, or Collops of fat be express’d by these raised Figures, and they Torosaz plump, and. .eti bon point, as well as Fusil and Fictile ones? 1825 Fosbroke Encycl. A ntiq. (1843) I. 96 The Etruscans, who were famous potters, used to make fictile coffins. 1855 Musgrave Ramble Normandy 281 Curiosities, .fictile and fossil. 3 . Of or pertaining to the manufacture of earthen¬ ware, etc.; having to do with pottery. Also {rarely) Skilled in or devoted to fictile art. 1854 Thoreau Walden (1863) 281, I was pleased to find that so fictile an art was ever practised in my neighbour¬ hood. 1864 C. P. Smyth Inker, in Gt. Pyramid 1. i. (1880) 5 That too graphic religion which the fictile nation on the Nile ever delighted in. 1888 Arts Crafts Catal. 46 And Fictile Craft grew with his [man's] knowledge. B. sb. A fictile vessel. 1850 in Wf.ale Diet. Terms. 1888 Arts # Crafts Catal. 45 These Fictiles tell the story of his first Art-instincts. Hence Fi/ctileness, the quality or fact of being fictile. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. Fictility (fikti-liti). [f. prec. + -ity.] The quality or condition of being fictile. In quot. concr. An article of fictile ware. 1892 Leisure Hour ’Feb. 271/2 The array of ancient ‘fic- tilities 1 was unhappily diminished by an accident. Fiction (fi'kjen). Forms: 4 ficcion, (5-6 fyccion, -cyon, -tion(e), 7 fixion, 5- fiction, [a. Fr .fiction ( = Pr. fiction,Jicxio ,S\). jiccion), ad. Li. fiction-em, n. of action f. fingere to fashion or form : see Feign.] f 1 . The action of fashioning or imitating. Obs. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 415 In some parts of Germany .. it [the shrew] is called .. Zissmuss, from the fiction of his voice. 1711 Shaftesb. Charac. vi. v. (1737) III. 381 The .. Art of Painting .. surpassing by so many Degrees, .all other Human Fiction, or imitative Art. d*b. Arbitrary invention. Obs. a 1629 T. Adams Two Sonnes Wks. (1629) 422 The King hauing made positiue lawes .. disdaines that a Groome should .. annuli those, to. .aduance other of his own fiction. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 277 We have never dreamt that parliaments had any right, .to force a currency of their own fiction in the place of that which is real. + c. concr. That which is fashioned or framed ; a device, a fabric. Obs. 1579 Gosson Sell. A buse (Arb.) 49 The other syttes drawing Mathematicall fictions. 1610 Guillim Heraldry, in. v. (1660) 123Thunder and Lightning, .theyhaue in. .their imaginary fiction conjoyned. 1784 Cowper Task 1. 416 Renounce the odours of the open field For the unscented fictions of the loom. + 2 . Feigning, counterfeiting; deceit, dissimula¬ tion, pretence. Obs. 1483 Caxton Cato A ivb, He that sheweth him a frende by fyction and faynyng for to dysceyue him. 1502 Ord. ‘Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. iii. 38 Without hauynge fyccyon in his worde. c 1532 Dewes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 1021, I say without fiction. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, i.vii. § 7 C 1 ^73) 56 A man of the purest goodness, without all fiction or affectation. 1609 Bible (Douay) Wisd. vii. 13 Which I lerned without fiction. 3 . The action of ‘ feigning ’ or inventing imaginary incidents, existences, states of things, etc., whether for the purpose of deception or otherwise. (The reproachful sense [ = ‘fabrication’] is merely con¬ textual.) 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. iv. § 8. 21 Hee that will easily beleeue .. will as easily augment rumors .. so great an affinitie hath fiction and beleefe. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. 11. xxvii. 151 To be pleased in the fiction of that, which would please a man if it were reall, is a Passion, .adhaerent to the Nature., of man. 1711 Shaftesb. Charac. i. (1737) I. 4 Truth is the most powerful thing in the World, since even fiction it-self must be governed by it. 1748 Hartley Observ. Man 11. i. 39 The extreme Mischiefe which Fiction and Fraud occasion in the World. 1840 Tiurlwall GreeceWll. 99 The scene may appear to us so memorable, as to have afforded temptation for fiction. b. That which, or something that, is imaginatively invented; feigned existence, event, or state of things; invention as opposed to fact. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 1. (1495) 3 They wysely.. vse poetes in their ficcions. 1509 Hawes .Past. Pleas. Proem v, Whose [i. e. Lydgate’s] fatall fictions are yet permanent, Grounded on reason. 1589 Warner Alb. Eng. 11. Prose Add. (1612) 332 The waues sollicited (a Poeticali fiction) by the wife of Iupiter. 1601 Shaks. Twel. N. in. iv. 141 If this were plaid vpon a stage now, I could condemne it as an improbable fiction. 1612 T. Wilson Chr. Diet. 375 The popish Priest-hood is an immaginary and blasphemous fixion. 1798 Ferriar Illustr. Sterne , Eng. Hist. 251 Fiction is always more feeble than truth. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men , Shaks. Wks. (Bohn) I. 362 Few real men have left such distinct characters as these fictions. 1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) II. viii. iii. 536 Until fact .. has become clearly distinguished from fiction. 1876 Gladstone Ho?neric Syncr. 34 The fictions of the Virgilian age establish no pre¬ sumption adverse to it. c. A statement or narrative proceeding from mere invention ; such statements collectively. 1611 Bible Transl. Pref. 1 What a fiction or fable was deuised. 1655-60 Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) 601/1 Let us cast away all fiction. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. 317 Though this was all a Fiction of his own, yet it had its desir’d Effect. 1781 Gibbon Decl. Sf F. 11 . xxxvi. 326 Such an anecdote may be rejected as an improbable fiction. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 581 The messengers .. might .. have related mere fictions without incurring the penalties of perjury. 1873 Holland A. Bonnie, i. 17 He had been playing off a fiction upon me. 4 . The species of literature which is concerned with the narration of imaginary events and the portraiture of imaginary characters; fictitious composition. Now usually, prose novels and stories collectively; the composition of works of this class. 1599 R. Linche {title), The Fountaine of Ancient Fiction 1780 Harris Philol. Enq. Wks. (1841) 428 Dramatic fiction copies real life. 1829 Lytton Devereux iv. vi, Old people like history better than fiction. 1841 Lane Arab. Nts. I. 65 The Arabs .. enjoy a remarkable advantage over us in the composition of works of fiction. 1862 Burton Bk. Hunter (1863) 10 The existing school of French fiction. b. A work of fiction; a novel or tale. Now chiefly in depreciatory use; cf. 3 b. 1875 Manning Mission II. Ghost ix. 258 They read nothing but fictions and levities. 5 . A supposition known to be at variance with fact, but conventionally accepted for some reason of practical convenience, conformity with traditional usage, decorum, or the like. a. in Law. Chiefly applied to those feigned statements of fact which the practice of the courts authorized to be alleged by a plaintiff in order to bring his case within the scope of the law or the jurisdiction of the court, and which the defendant was not allowed to disprove. Fictions of this kind are now almost obsolete in England, the objects which they were designed to serve having been for the most part attained by the amendment of the law. 1590 Swinburne Testaments 165 It were against all right ..that he should be iudged the father of that childe, by fiction of lawe. 1767 Blackstone Comm. II. 223 That ancestor, from whom it .. is supposed by fiction of law to have originally descended. 1775 Ld. Mansfield in Mostyn v. Fabrigas, Smith's Leading Cases (ed 9) I. 652 It is a certain rule, that a fiction of law shall never be contradicted so as to defeat the end for which it was invented, but for every other purpose it may be contradicted. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I. 26 It became a fundamental maxim, or rather fiction of our law that all real property was originally granted by the king. 1861 Maine Anc. Law ii. (1876) 26, I employ the expression ‘ Legal Fiction' to signify any assumption which conceals, or affects to conceal, the fact that a rule of law has undergone alteration. 1876 Freeman Norm. Conq. V. xxii. 17 The same spirit of legal fiction., shows itself.. in the way in which the facts of the great con¬ fiscation are dealt with. b. gen. (chiefly transfi ) 1828 Ld. Grenville Sink. Fund 11 To reduce debt by borrowing .. is a manifest fiction in finance. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop vii, By a like pleasant fiction his single chamber was always mentioned in the plural number. 1861 Mill Utilit. i. 2 The elements of algebra .. are as full of fictions as English law. 6. Comb., as fiction-mint , - monger , - writer. 1810 Bf.ntham Packing <1821) viii. 84 note. Those fiction- mints. 1859 Sat. Rev. VII. 43/1 The rest are the regular property of the fiction-writer. 1891 J. Winsor Columbus vi. 112 The credulous fiction-mongers who hang about the skirts of the historic field. 1891 Pall Mall G. 7 Oct. 3/1 He is no mere fiction-monger. Hence Fiction v. Hans. To feign. rare~°. Fictioned ppl. a. 1820 Prakd Surly Hall 238 His fictioned flame. Fictional (frkjhnal), a. [f. prec. + -al.] Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of fiction. 1843 F. E. Paget Warden Bcrkingholt 97 Poisoning the springs of fictional literature. 1848 Blackav. Mag. LXIII. 754 There is a fearful dearth of invention just now, especially in the fictional department. 1865 Sat. Rev. 19 Aug. 227/1 He is .. the outcome of these fine fictional theories. 1869 Arber Introd. Monk of Evesham 8 The confusion in con¬ struction .. tends to prove the fictional character of the work. Hence Fictionally adv., in a fictional manner; by means of a work of fiction. 1889 Hissey Tour in Phaeton 34 A somewhat similar old house, in like manner made fictionally historic. Fictionary ((rkfsnari), a. [f. as prec. + -ary.] Existing only in fiction ; imaginary, pretended. 1882 D. C. Murray Valentine Strange xxxi, Then out came from his fictionary uncle’s care Gerard’s half sovereign. Fictionist (fvkjanist). [f. as prec. + -1ST.] A narrator of or writer of fiction; a story-teller, novelist. 1829 Westm. Rev. XI. 490 He stands among the foremost of the prose fictionists of the hour. 1836 Lytton Athens (1837) II. 402 The stories of the popular and oral fictionist in the bazaars of the Mussulman. 1875 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 309 Some of our fictionists have left this traditional groove. Fictionize (frkjhnaiz), v. [f. as prec. + -ize.] trans. a. To turn into fiction, b. To give a fictitious form to. 1831 S. R. Maitland Eruvin vi. 125 One of the writers who has thought fit to fictionize the truths of revelation. 1864 N. c$* Q. V. 13 The unicorn, as fictionized in heraldry, is a white horse. + Fi ctious, a . Obs. [as if ad. L. *fictiosus } f., fictionem : see Fiction.] 1 . = Fictitious. 1644 Quarles Sheph. Orac. i, My report ..Was counted fictious.. 1688 Prior Exod. iii. 14. vi, And study’d Lines and fictious Circles draws. 1710 Brit. Apollo III. 3/2 Thy Fictious Performance would ne’re be so dull. 1770 Gentl. Mag. XL. 315 His R-H-had assumed the fictious name of Morgan. 1804 J. Lackington Confessions Pref. 7, I have called my old acquaintances by fictious names. 1813 T. Busby Lucretius I. 122 The poet’s fictious tales. Ibid. II. 361 A mighty army fills the plain with fictious war. 2. Addicted to or characterized by fiction. 1641 T. Hayne Luther 113 Go, fictious Greece, go tell Alcides, then, His club is nothing to great Luthers pen. 1660 tr. Paracelsus' Archidoxis 11. 26 As long as thy Fancy ..adhers to thy Fictious Books. 1813 G. Colman Br. Grins , Vagaries Vind. xxxiv. From fictious verse could stubborn facts ensue. Fictitious (fikti-Jas), a. [f. L. fictici-us (f. fingere to fashion, Feign) +-ous : see -itious.] 1. 4 a. Artificial as opposed to natural (obs.). b. Counterfeit, ‘imitation sham ; not genuine. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 84 Able to distinguish betweene natural and fictitious precious Stones. 1685 Boyle Enq. Notion Nat. 29 Chymists distinguish Vitriol into Natural and Fictitious, or made by Art. 1725 Pope Odyss. xvm. 356 Three vases heap’d with copious fires display O’er all the palace a fictitious day. 1734 tr. Rollins Anc. Hist. (1827) VIII. xix. 295 By shedding fictitious tears. 1783 Watson Philip III , 1. (1839) 19 The fictitious attack on the fort. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xxxi, The fictitious old woman ushered in Catharine. 1840 Macaulay Clive 45 Two treaties were drawn up, one on white paper, the other on red, the former real, the latter fictitious. 2. Arbitrarily devised ; not founded on rational grounds. 1660 Jer. Taylor Duct. Dubit. 1. ii. 76 Those things which by abuse.. are passed into a fictitious and usurped authority. 1662 H. Stubbe Ind. Nectar Pref. 4 The. .unpractised (and in many parts false, and fictitious) Doctrine. 1736 Butler Anal. 1. iii. 96 The notion .. of a moral scheme of govern¬ ment is not fictitious but natural. 1868 Rogers Pol. Econ. iii. (1876) 5 Nations, who have no money., have been con¬ strained to invent a fictitious measure in order to express values. 3. Of a name: Feigned, assumed or invented, not real. Of a character, etc.: Feigned, de¬ ceptively assumed, simulated. a 1633 Austin Mcdit. (1635) 92 Philip Melancthon thinks, they [Melchior, Gaspar, and Balthazar] were not true, but fictitious Names. 1735 Pope Lett. 7 Mar. 1731, I may., make, use of Real Names and not of Fictitious Ones. . *783 Watson Philip III (1793) I. iv. 406 Men who act a fictitious part. 1820 Scott Ivanltoe xxiii, Her haughtiness..was. .a fictitious character, induced over that which was natural to her. 1870 Dickens E. Drood iii, A fictitious name must be bestowed upon the old Cathedral town. 4. Feigned to exist; existing only in imagination; imaginary, unreal. 1621-51 Burton Anat. Mel. iii. iv. 1. ii. 644 St. Christopher, and a company of fictitious Saints. 1634 H abi ngton Castara (Arb.), Nobler comfort, .then vice Ere found in her fictitious Paradise. 1701 Rowe Amb. Step-Moth. iii. ii, He laughs At the fictitious Justice of the Gods. 1827 Hare Guesses (1859) 2 73 The facts in Poetry, being avowedly fictitious, are not false. 1865 Livingstone Zambesi vi. 148 The Portuguese would, by fictitious claims, reap all the benefit. 1877 R. Giffen Stock Exch. Secur. 64 Such fictitious securities, .as the loans of Honduras. 5. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of fiction. 1773 Mrs. Chapone Improv. Mind (1774) II. 144 Those fictitious stories that so enchant the mind. 1838THIR1.WALL Greece II. xvi. 358 Marvels which would be intolerable in a fictitious narrative. 1851 Thackeray Eng. Hum. (1853) 107 Out of the fictitious book I get the expression of the life of the time. 6. Constituted or regarded as such by a (legal or conventional) fiction. 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer. III. 261 Being under a sense of transgression for a wholly fictitious offence. 1883 Maine Early Law <$• Custom iv. 100 The growing popularity of Adoption, as a method of obtaining a fictitious son. Fictitiously (fikti-Jasli), adv. [f. prec. + -ly 4] In a fictitious, imaginary, pretended or counterfeit manner ; falsely; by way of pretence or sham. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. xx. 263 These pieces fictitiously set downe, and having no copy in Nature. 1769 Blackstone Comm. tv. 185 Not fictitiously, .but from a real tenderness of shedding his brother’s blood. 1879 Cassell's 24-2 FICTITIOUSNESS. 188 FIDDLE. Techn. Educ. I. 58 If the ceiling is flat all ornament upon it. .must not factitiously represent relief. Fictitiousness (fiktrjasnes). [f. as prec. + -ness.] The state or quality of being fictitious. 1660 Ingelo Bentiv. <$• Ur. (1682) 11. 108 To free it [Truth] from all suspicion of Fictitiousness. 1751 Johnson Ravtbler No. 125 r 3 Its [comedy's] essence consists.. in the fictitious¬ ness of the transaction. 185a N. Brit. Rev. Nov. 42 Not¬ withstanding the fictitiousness of the point of view. Fictive (fi'ktiv), a. [a. F. fictif, -ive, f. L. typ e *ficttv-us, {.fittgcre to fashion, Feign.] 1 . In active sense, fa. Given to feigning. Obs. c 1491 Chast. Goddes Chyld. 28 In goddes sighte they ben very fyctifs feyners. b. Adapted to or concerned with the creation of fiction ; imaginatively creative. 1865 Mncm. Mag. Dec. 156 The personages whom by his fictive art he had called into being. 1889 J. M. Robertson Ess. Crit. Method 122 Having a. .great fictive faculty. C. Adapted to fashion or form; moulding, rare. » 8 75 L; Morris Food of Song v, Too formless to inspire The fictive hand. 2 . In passive sense, a. Originating in fiction, created by the imagination, fictitious. Of a name: Assumed. x6xa Drayton Poly-olb. vi. 93 Time .. to those things whose grounds were verie true, Though naked yet and bare ..gave fictive ornament. 1837 Frasers Mag. XV. 636 It must be some list of a party.. or else the names are fictive. i860 Ld. Lytton LuciU 11. iv. i. 60 What was there in such fictive woes To thrill a whole theatre? b. Of a counterfeit or fictitious character, not real, feigned, sham. 1855 Tennyson Brook 93 Dabbling in the fount of fictive tears. 1878 Gladstone Prim. Homer 117 The fictive advice of Agamemnon to return home is taken in good earnest. t Fi’ctly, adv. Obs. [f. Fict a. + -ly 2 .] Feignedly, insincerely. r 1677 T. Harvey tr. J. Owen's Epigr. 1. 77 When in the Temple, .you pray, You two, not fictiy, Abba, Father, say. tFictor (Irktoi, -01). Obs. fa. L .fictor, agent-n. i. fingere to fashion.] One who frames or fashions; esp. an artist or modeller in clay, etc. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 139 Not such Beasts as are in Nature, but rather as issue from the Poets or Fictors brains. 1677 Gale Crt. Gentiles 11 , iv. 420 The whole of the New Creature .. is to be ascribed to Christ .. as the Creator, Fictor and Effector thereof. [1824 Elmes Diet. Fine Arts , Fictor , in ancient art an artist who models or forms statues and reliefs in clay. (Hence in mod. Diets.).] t Ficto se, a. Obs.—° ff. L. fictus, pa. pple. of fingere to Feign + -ose.] Feigned, counterfeit. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. t Fixture. Obs. rare. [ad. L. ficliira , f. firgere to Feign.] A feigning. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. f Ficu'lnean, a. Obs.~~ x ff. L. flculne-usi] Of fig-tree wood, i.e. worthless (see Horace Sat. 1. viii. 1). 1716 M. Davies A then. Brit. II. 278 So also are the few Ficulnean Arguments and Infrunite Pamphlets of the Nestorian Arianism. .wholly outshun and outdone. Ficus (foik^s). Path . [a. L. ficus fig, fig- tree.] See quots. c 1400 Lattfranc's Cirurg. (MS. A) 287 Ficus is a maner wexynge hat arisih upon a mannes 3erde tofore. 1494 Fabyan Chron. clxxi. 165 At Goddes ordynaunce he had that euyll called fycus. 1860 Mayne Expos. Lex ., Ficus , Pathol. Surg. t name given to a fleshy substance or kind of Condyloma resembling a fig. Fid (fid), sb. Chiefly Naut. Also 8-9 fidd. [Of unknown origin ; it is doubtful whether all the senses belong to the same word.] 1 . A conical pin of hard wood, from 9 to 30 in. long, used to open the strands of a rope in splicing. 1615 E. S. Britain's Buss in Arb. Gamer III. 629 Fids or Hammers, a 1642 Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts 111. (1704) 342/1 Fids and Marling Spikes. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789), Epissoir .. a . . splicing fid. X779-80 Cook For. II. 39 Shaped somewhat like a large fid or sugar-loaf. 2 . A square bar of wood or iron, with a shoulder at one end, used to support the weight of the top¬ mast and also the topgallant mast. 1644 Manwayring Seaman s Did. s. v., The pin in the heele of the top-mast which beares it upon the ches-trees, is a fidd. 1794 Rigging e faithful fader his fithel were ontempred. c 1450 Holland Howlat 761 The lilt pype, and the lute, the fydill in fist. 1535 Coverdale 1 Sam. xviii. 6 With tymbrels, with myrth, and with fyddels. 1589 Pappe w. Hatchet E iij b, I must tune my fiddle, and fetch some more rozen. a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) I. 158 Till all you built appear’d Like that, Amphion with his Fiddle rear’d. 1740 Somer¬ ville Hobbinoli. 323 Shrill Fiddles squeak Hoarse Bag-pipes roar. 1855 Thackeray Newcomcs I. 22 Engaged in London in giving private lessons on the fiddle. 1870 H. Smart Race for Wife i, The dear old country fiddles are playing . .dance-music. b. In colloquial phrases: sis fit as a fiddle : in good 4 form 1 or condition. To hang up one's fiddle : to retire from business, give up an under¬ taking. To hang up one s fiddle when one comes home : said of persons who are entertaining abroad but not in their family circle. To play first (or second) fiddle : to take a leading (or subordinate) position. To have one's face made of a fiddle : to be irresistibly charming. To have a face as long as a fiddle : to look dismal. 1762 Smollett Sir L. Greaves (1780) I. viii. 84 Your honour's face is made of a fiddle; every one that looks on you loves you. 1778 Learning at Loss II. 79 Our Friends ..returned, with Jack Solecism the first Fiddle as usual. 1816 Scott Old Mort. xxxvii, How could I help it? His face was made of a fiddle. 1822 O’Meara Napoleon in Exile I. 227 He was of opinion that Prussia should never play the first fiddle in the affairs of the Continent. 1862 H. Kingsley Ravenshoe III. ix. 140 It was evident that . .he had been playing, .second fiddle. 1882 Miss Braddon Ml. Royal III. xi. 253 ‘Is Salathiel pretty fresh?’ asked the Baron. ‘Fit as a fiddle’. 1889 D. Hannay Capt. Marryat ix, He did not entirely hang his fiddle up when he came home. 1889 H. O’Reilly 50 Years on Trail ii, I arrived at my destination feeling as fit as a fiddle. 2. Applied to the player. a. = Fiddler. The fiddles : the band of fiddlers. 1676 Marvell Mr. Smirke 71 Envy began to dance among the Bishops first, the good Constantine brought them the Fiddles. 1773 Brydone Sicily i. (1809) 7 Barbella, the sweetest fiddle in Italy, leads our little band. b. transf. One to whose music others dance; hence, a mirth-maker, jester. 1600 Breton Pasquil's Madcappe 64 Wks. (Grosart) 9 He may be but a foole, and she a fiddle. 1693 Locke Thoughts cone. Educ . § 165. 208 You would not have your Son the Fiddle to every jovial Company. 1728 Pope Dune. 1. 224 At once the Bear and Fiddle of the town. 1739 Cibber Apol. (1756) I. 13 His easy humour, whenever he is called to it [company], can still make himself the fiddle of it. 1837 Marryat Dog-fcnd v, He was..the fiddle of the ship’s company. 3. Something resembling a fiddle in shape or appearance : a. Naut. (See quot. 1867) ; b. Agric. (See quot. 1874) ; c. Gunmaking. (See quot. 1881). 1865 Daily Tel. 21 Aug. 5/2 A heavy sea, which .. caused the production of ‘ fiddles' on the saloon tables at lunch time. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Fiddle , a contrivance to prevent things from rolling off the table in bad weather. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech., Fiddle ..a wooden bar about 11 feet long, attached by ropes at its ends to the traces of a horse, and used to drag loose straw or hay on the ground, [etc.]. 1881 Greener Gun 248 The value of a stock is greatly enhanced by a species of cross pattern, or * fiddle\ 4 . In various slang uses: a. (See quot. 1700). b. A watchman’s rattle, c. Scotch (f Welsh) fiddle, the itch. d. Stock-exchange : the sixteenth part of a pound, e. A sixpence (Farmer). a. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew , Fiddle , a Writ to Arrest. 1785 in Grose Diet. Vulg. Tongue. b. 1823 W. T. Moncrieff Tom Jerry 11. ii, Log. There’s the Charlies’ fiddles going. Jerry. Charlies' fiddles?—I'm not fly, Doctor. Log. Rattles, Jerry, rattles ! C. a. 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Welsh-fddle, the Itch. 1826 J. Randolph Let. 20 Feb. in Life J. Quincy 421, I have not catched the literary ‘ Scotch fiddle d. 1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy II. 138 To do busi¬ ness with me at a fiddle. 1887 Atkin House Scraps 15 Done at a fiddle. 5 . Used interjectionally = Fiddlestick. 1695 Congreve Love for L. v. vi, Fore. Hussy, you shall have a Rod. Miss. A Fiddle of a Rod, I’ll have a Husband. 6. The action of fiddling, or fig. of fussy trifling. 1874 Blackie Self-Cult. 89 The eternal whirl and fiddle of life, so characteristic of our. .neighbours across the Channel. 7 . attrib. and Comb. a. simple attrib., as fiddle- lore, - make. b. objective, as fiddlefabricant , fancier, - holder , - lover , - maker ; fiddle making vbl. sb.; fiddle-scraping adj. 1836 Dubourg Violin ix. (1878) 271 The noted Tyrolese “fiddle-fabricants. I bid. ix. 269 An ingenious “fiddle-fancier. 1848 J. Bishop tr. Olio's Violin App. v. (1875^ 85 L. Spohr invented what he called a “fiddle-holder. 1885 Pall Mall G. 9 June 1/2 Now is the time for all “fiddle lovers to go and rub up their “fiddle lore. 1864 Sandys & Foster Hist. Violin ix. 125 A large instrument of the -fiddle make. a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) II. 181 A good “Fiddle-Maker. 1885 Pall Mall G. 9 June 2/1 The great emperor of all fiddle-makers, Antonius Stradivarius. 1884 E. H lron-Allen Violin-making 11. vi. 129 The wood used in “fiddle-making should be thoroughly dry. 1879 Besant & Rice ' 7 was in Trafalgar s Bay ii. (1891) 21 She came to comparing her son —the “fiddle-scraping son—with his late father. 8 . Special comb. : fiddle-back, a back (of a chair) shaped like a fiddle, also attrib. in fiddle-back wood, a name given to various ornamental woods used for the covers of books ; fiddle-block Naut. (see quot. 1858); + fiddle-brained a, foolish, frivolous ; fiddle-dock (see quot. 1823) ; fiddle¬ faced a., pulling a long face, unhappy looking; fiddle-fish, (a) a name given to the Angel-fish or Monk-fish ; ( b ) (see quot. 1867); fiddle-flanked a., having hollow flanks like a fiddle ; fiddle-grass (see quot.); fiddle-lipped a., of a flower, having a lip shaped like a fiddle ; fiddle-pattern, the pattern of 4 fiddle-headed ’ spoons and forks; fiddle - patterned a. = Fiddle - headed b.; fiddle-shaped a. Bot. (see quot. 1866; rendering mod.L. patiduriformis ); fiddle wood, (a) the Citharexylon; {b) (see quot. 1878-86). 1890 Longm. Mag. Jan. 312 A tall, old Chippendale arm¬ chair, with a quaintly-carved fiddle’-back. 1858 Simmonds Diet. 'Trade, * Fiddle-block, a block with two sheaves, one over the other; the lower one smaller than the other. 1882 Narf.s Seamanship (ed. 6) 44 The lower end [is] spliced round the fiddle block. 1823 Crabb Techtiol. Diet., “ Fiddle- dock (Bot.), the Rumex pttlcher of Linnaeus, c 1785 John Thompson s Man (1829) 17 “Fiddle faced, wagtailed fellows. 1885 W. Westall Larry Lohengrin I. v, White-chokered, strait-laced and fiddle-faced. 1748 Anson's Voy. 11. xii. 266 The Torpedo, or numbing fish, which is in shape very like the “fiddle-fish. 1859 All Year Round No. 19. 451 The fiddle-fish (shaped like the butt of a fiddle). 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., Fiddle-fish, a name of the king-crab (Lii> ltd us polyphc?uus). c 1785 John Thompsofts Man 15 Foul-breeked, rep-shanked, “fiddle-flanked. 1878-86 Britten & Holland Plant-71., “Fiddle Grass, Epilobiutti hirsutum L. 1829 Loudon E>icycl. Plants 4, Zingiberpafiduratum, “fiddle lipped. 1842 Barham Ingol. Leg ., Misadv. Margate , I could not see my table-spoons. .The little “fiddle-pattern’d ones I use. 1819 Rees Cycl. XIV. s. v., * Fiddle-shaped leaf . .is oblong, broad at the two extremities and contracted in the middle, like a fiddle or some sort of guitar. 1866 Treas. Bot., E'iddle-shaped, obovate, with one or two recesses or indentations on each side. 1713 J. Petiver in Phil. Trans. XXVIII. 216 Barbadoes “Fiddle - wood, Citharcxylum Americanuift. 1756 P. Browne Jattiaica 265 Black-heart Fiddlewood. 1878 86 Britten & Holland Plant-n., Fiddle- wood, Scrophularia aquatica. Fiddle fi d’l), v. [f. prec. sb.] 1. intr. To play the fiddle or violin ; now only in familiar or contemptuous use. Also fig. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xm. 231 For I can noither tabre ne trompe .. ne fythelen at festes, ne harpen. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 159/2 Fydelin, or fyielyn, vitulor. 1530 Palsgr. 549/1 Can you fyddell and playe upon a tabouret to? 1628 Ford Lo 7 >cr's Mel. v. i, What dost think I am, that thou shouldst fiddle So much upon my patience? a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1662) 120 This man [John Smith] could not fidle, could not Tune himself to be pleasant and plausible to all Companies. 1742 Pope Dune. iv. 598 Others. .Teach Kings to fiddle, and make Senates dance. 1836 W. Irving Astoria I. 216 They feast, they fiddle, they drink, they sing. FIDDLE-BOW, 189 FIDDLE-STRING. b. quasi-/ttj«.r. with cognate obj. In quot. fig. 1377 Langl. P. PL B. xiii. 447 A lered man, to lere \>e what oure lorde suflfred.. And fithel |>e without flaterynge of gode friday \>e storye. 1870 The Universe 21 May, We had used to say they were ignorant, but now when we see a., monk-taught boy we fiddle another tune. c. tram, with adverbs (nonce-uses). 1532 More Confut. Barnes vm. Wks. 739/2 All maner of people be he pope or pedeler. .monke or myller, frere or fideler, or anye of the remenaunt that thys fonde frere fiddeleth forth here by letters. 1593 Nashe Christ's T. 39 b, Blowne vp honour, honour by antick fawning fidled vp. 1649 G. Daniel Trinarch. To Rdr. 163 Let Nero fiddle out Rome’s Obsequies. 1854 Fraser s Mag. Apr. 403 That im¬ pulsive band which proposed to fiddle down the walls of our Social Jericho. 2 . techn. (See quot.) 1883 Gill in Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) XVI. 244 s. v. Micro¬ meter, Each movable web must pass the other without coming in contact with it or the fixed wire and without rubbing on any part of the brass-work. Should either fault occur (technically called 1 fiddling ’) it is fatal to accurate measurement. 3 . To make aimless or frivolous movements; esp. to play, toy about, at, on, over, with (a thing, rarely, a person) ; to act idly or frivolously. Also to fiddle about. * 53 ° Palsgr. 549/1 Loke you fydell nat with your handes whan your maister speketh to you. 1604 T.Wright Passions IV. ii. § 3. 133 Some men you haue alwaies (idling about their garments. 1663 Pf.pys Diary 13 July, The ladies., talking, and fiddling with their hats and feathers. 1705 W. King A rt of Lave xii. 13 Her fingers or her tongue would fiddle. *738 Swift Polite Convert, ii, He took a pipe in his hand, and fiddled with it till he broke it. 1741 Betterton Eng. Stage v. 64 Some are perpetually fidling about their Cloaths. 1761 Mrs. Sheridan Sidney Bidulph (1767) IV. 134, I had pretended to be fiddling at it all the time we were at tea. 1855 Browning Fra Lippo Lippi 13 You'll take Your hand away that’s fiddling on my throat. 1883 H. Smart Hard Lines I. iii, They’ve had him fiddling about so long in the school, he’s most likely forgot how to gallop. 1884 Sat. Rev. 12 July 40/1 A Ministry fiddling with Franchise Bills. b. slang. (See quot.) 185. Mayhew Land. Labour I. 199/1 A lad that had been lucky fiddling (holding horses or picking up money any¬ how). c. trans. To fiddle away : to fritter away. 1667 H. More Div. Dial. 11. xiv. (1713) 132 [They] fiddle away their time as idlely as those that pill Straws. 1861 Beresf. Hope Eng. Cathedr. 19th C. vi. 221 The common¬ place way of treating it is that of simply fiddling it away. 4. a. trans. To cheat, swindle. Now only slang. Also with into, out of. b. intr. (see quot. 1S50). 1604 Dekker Honest IVh. Wks. 1873 II. 170 There was one more that fiddled my fine Pedlers. 1703 De Foe Villainy 0/ Stockjobbers Misc. 268 There People can .. Fiddle them out of their Money. 1738 Chesterf. Common Sense 14 Oct., Somebody else would have been fiddled into it again. 1850 Lloyd's Weekly 3 Feb. (Farmer), I understand fiddling—that means, buying a thing for a mere trifle and selling it for double or for more. 1851 Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 424 The way the globe man does is to go among the old women and fiddle (humbug) them. i86x Ibid. III. 130 We are generally fiddled most tremendous. 5 . slang. To take liberties with (a woman). 1632 Chapman & Shirley Ball u. iii, Fiddling ladies, you molecatcher! Fi’ddle-bow. The stringed bow with which a fiddle is played; = Fiddlestick. 1827 W. Hersee in Gentl. Mag. Dec. 484 Thine elbow instinctively moving to the fiddle-bow even after sleep had settled upon thy weary eyelids. 1831 Brewster Nat. Magic viii. (1833) 180 Drawing a rosined fiddle-bow across it. 1871. B. Taylor Faust (1875) I. ii. 40 The fiddle bow was playing. Fi’ddle-case. 1 . The case in which a fiddle is kept. Also attrib., fiddle-case boots : boots as big as a fiddle- case. 1647 Ward Simj. Coblcr t.-j To spend their lives in making fidle-cases for futulous womens phansies. 1762 Goldsm. Cii. IV. xli, Heads, .as empty as a fiddle-case. 1837 Lockhart Scott (1839) VIII. 71 Half a dozen tall footmen each bearing a fiddle case. 1852 R. S. Surtees Sponge’s Sp. Tour lxvi. 536 Tweed trousers thrust into fiddle-case boots. 2 . pi. (See quot.). 1878 86 Britten & Holland Plant -n., Fiddle-cases, Rhinanthus crista-galli. t Fi’ddlecome, a. Obs. [short for next, used attrib.] Nonsensical, silly, trumpery. 1697 Vanbrugh Relapse iv. i. 103 A fiddlecome tale of a draggle-tailed girl. 1777 Sheridan Trip Scarb. iv. i, Do you think such a fine proper gentleman .. cares for a fiddle- come tale of a child ? + Fiddle-COme-faddle. Obs. rare. [Altered form of Fiddle-faddle, with come for Cum. 1663 Cowley Cutter of Coleman St. in. viii, They have their Simpathies and Fiddle-come-faddles in their Brain. Fiddlededee (fid’ldidf ). int. and sb. [f. Fiddle sb. or v., used in a contemptuous sense with a nonsensical appendage.] A. int. Nonsense ! a 1784 Johnson in BosioelCs Life (1848) Appdx. 837/1 All he [Johnson] said was, * Fiddle-de-dee, my dear’. 1825 J. Neal Bro. Jonathan I. 182 Fiddle-de-dee then; I’ll venter it! 1865 Trollope Belton Est. xxix. 352 1 He is a man very estimable .‘ Fiddle-de-dee. He is an ape,—a monkey.’ B. sb. Nonsense, absurdity. Mod. That is all fiddle-de-dee. Fiddle-faddle (fi'd’l|fie-d’l), sb., a. and int. [This and the vb. are reduplications of Fiddle or Faddle; cf. Ger .fickfack, and contemptuous forma¬ tions like fiimfiam, skimble-skamble, etc.] A. sb. 1 . Trifling talk or action ; in pi. trivial matters, trifling occupations or objects of attention. 1577 tr. Bullingers Decades 103 This more then neding fiddle faddle smacks somwhat of ambition. 1592 G. Harvey Pierce's Super. Wks. 1884 II. 98 Away with these paultringe fidle-fadles. 1684 tr. Agrippds Van. Arts xxx. 86 The Fiddle-faddles and Trifles of Mathematicians, a 1734 North Exam. 11. v. § 141 (1740) 403 Come leave your Fiddlefaddles of Presumptions, c 1760 in Macaulay Ess. Pitt (1854) 308/2 No more they make a fiddle-faddle About a Hessian horse or saddle. 1827 Scott Jrnl. 8 July, The fiddle-faddle of arranging all the things was troublesome. 1849 Darwin Life Lett. (1887) I. 377 Describing species of birds and shells, &c., is all fiddle-faddle. 1861 T. L. Peacock Gryll Gr. 103 Where you just look on fiddlefaddles while your dinner is behind a screen. 1887 Jessopp Arcady iv. 134 Collecting cards, .and all the petty fiddlefaddle that is grow¬ ing so stale. 2 . An idler, trifler ; a gossip, chatterbox. 1602 Breton Merry IVonders , Maid Marian in a Morrice- daunce, would put her down for a Fiddle-faddle. 1756 Mrs. Delany Let. to Mrs. Dewes, Mrs. Montagu, Mrs. Gosling, and two or three fiddle faddles. 1824 IVestm. Rev. II. 337 Your true fiddle-faddle Somebody, who would be in high repute among his fellows. 1888 Be?-ksh. Gloss. s.v., A ‘ viddle vaddle or viddle vaddler’. B. adj . Trifling, petty, fussy : said of persons as well as of things. 1617 Collins Def. Bp. Ely 298 A great deale more of such fiddle-faddle stuffe. 1727 De Foe Protest. Monast. 16 In any other fiddle faddle part of Life. 1712 Arbuthnot John Bull in Arb. Garner (1883) VI. 603 They [liverymen] said, ‘She was a troublesome fiddle faddle old woman!' 1834 Beckford Italy II. 164 So fiddle-faddle and so coquettish. 1855 Thackeray Newcomes II. 69 The fiddle-faddle eti¬ quette of the Court. c. int. Nonsense ! Bosh ! 1671 Shadwell Humorists v, Fiddle faddle on your Travelling and University. 1705 Vanbrugh Confed. 11. i, Fiddle, faddle; han’t I wit enough already? 1779 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 11 Jan., Dr. Johnson'. Pho! fiddle- faddle ; do you suppose your book is so much talked of and not yourself? 1876 F. E. Trollope CharmingFelloiu III. xv. 191 Oh, fiddle-faddle, my lord 1 Fiddle-faddle (.fi'd’l|fsed’l), v. [See the sb.] intr. To be busy about petty trifles; to fuss, ‘ mess about ’. 1633 Ford Broken H. 1. iii, Ye may as easily Outrun a cloud driven by the northern blast As fiddle faddle so. 1776 Mrs, Delany Lett. Ser. 11. II. 202 Had you been bred up only to fiddle faddle, you would have fiddle faddled all your life. 1870 Miss Broughton Red as Rose I. 226 She has.. fiddle-faddled about the garden, picking off half-a-dozen dead roses. Hence Fiddle-faddling 1 vbl. sb. and ppl. a. Also Fiddle-faddler. 1834 T. Medwis Angler J Vales I. Pref. ix, But lest I should chance to be considered here one of the tribe of that fiddle- fadling, dull old prosing pedant. 1846 Worcester (citing Qu. Rev.), Fiddle-faddler, a foolish trifler. 1850 Clough Poems and Pr. Rem. (1869) I. 168 Whatsoever your hand findeth to do, do it without fiddle-faddling. 1861 Miss Braddon Lady Lisle (1885) 36, I don’t want him to be a fiddle-faddling girl. 1882 Society 14 Oct. 11/2 The mistaken notion..that detail is a substitute for spirit and fiddle- faddling for acting. Fiddle-head. [f. Fiddle sb. + Head.] 1 . Naut. The ornamental carving at the bows of a vessel, the termination of which is a scroll turn¬ ing aft or inward like the head of a violin. 1799 Na7>al Citron. I. App. State of Navy, Neptune, The fiddle-head. .had. .a bad effect. 1833 Marryat P. Simple xli, I hope Captain O’Brien will take off her fiddle-head, and get one carved. 2 . A local name for a young fern frond. 1882 J. Hardy in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club IX. 563 Young fern fronds—* fiddle-heads ’, as they are named—are greedily devoured as substitutes for green vegetables. 3 . A head as empty as a fiddle. 1887 W. F. Anstey in Macrn. Mag. Feb. 262/2 He hasn’t two ideas in his great fiddle-head. Fi’ddle-hea:ded, a. [f. prec. + -ed2.] a. Naut. Having a fiddle-head. b. Of a fork, spoon : Having the handle made after the pattern of a fiddle. C. Empty-headed, d. (see quot. 1883). 1840 Hood Kibnansegg, First Step iii, In short a kind Of fork —that is fiddle-headed. 1851 H. Melville Whale viii. 43 A projecting piece of scroll work fashioned after a ship's fiddle-headed beak. 1854 Whyte Melville Gen. Bounce v. (1855) 104 ‘ You’ve broke it, you fiddle-headed brute ! ’ 1883 G. Stables Our Friend the I)og\ ii. 60 Fiddle-headed, along, gaunt, wolfish head, like what one sees in some Mastiffs. Frddlement. nonce-ivd. [f. Fiddle v. + -ment.] The action of fiddling, an instance of this. 1859 Sala Tw. 7-outid Clock (1861) 157 An egregious fiddler . .used to attract large crowds in the street beneath listening to his complicated Addlements. Fiddler (frdlo.i, fid’ljaa). [OE. fibelere, f. *fidclian to fiddle, f. *fidcle Fiddle sb. Cf. ON. fid lari. ] One who fiddles. 1 . One who plays on the fiddle; esp. one who does so for hire. Fiddler s fare, money, pay, wages ; see quots. 1597, 1608,01700, 1785. a 1100 Ags. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 311 Fidicen , fiSelere. c 1330 A rt/i. Merl. 6568 Ther were trumpes and fithelers. 1463 Mann. <$• Househ. Exp. 230 Govyn to a fedelere, the sayd day at nyte, iiij.d. 1532 More Confut. Barnes vm. Wks. 735/1 He .. fareth as he wer from a frere waxen a fideler. 1597 1st Pt. Return fr. Pam ass. 1. i. 380 He. .gave me fidlers wages, and dismiste mee. 1608 Markham Dumb Knight iii, Let the world know you haue had more than fidlers fare, for you haue meat, money, and cloth. 1644 Milton Areop. (Arb.) 50 The gammuth of every municipal fidler. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Fidlers-pay, Thanks and Wine. 1721 Bolingbroke in Swift's Lett. (1766) II. 20 As fiddlers flourish carelessly, before they play a fine air. 1785 Grose Diet. Vulg. Tongue, Fidlers money , all six¬ pences. 1807-8 W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 350 The fiddler puts the whole assembly in motion. 1886 Hall Caine Son of IIagar 11. xvi, The fiddler's function was at an end for the present. b. Fiddler’s Green ( Naut .) : ‘ a sailor’s elysium, in which wine, women, and song figure prominently’ (Farmer). 1825 Sporting Mag . XVI. 404 My grannan. .used to tell me that animals, when they departed this life, were destined to be fixed in Fidlers Green. 1836 W. H. Maxwell Capt. Blake I. xv. note, It is. .believed that tailors and musicians after death are cantoned in a place called ‘ Fiddler’s Green ’. 1837 Marryat Dog-Jiend ix, We shape a course for Fiddler’s Green. 1883 J. D. J. Kelly in Harper's Mag. Aug. 441/2 The pilotless narrows which lead to Fiddler’s Green, where all good sailors go. t 2 . A trifler. Obs. 1591 R. Cecil in Untoii's Corr. (Roxb.) 197 This discorse growes by many fidlers in your cause. 1735 Dyche & Pardon Diet., Fidler. .a trifling, foolish, or impertinent Person. 3 . slang. A sixpence. 1885 Household Words 20 June 155/2 A more easily ex¬ plained name [for a sixpence] is a Fiddler..probably from the old custom of each couple at a dance paying the fiddler sixpence. 4 . a. See quots. 1750 and 1887. b. A local name for the Sandpiper ( Tringoides hypoleucus). 1750 G. Hughes Barbadoes 82 Fiddlers. This fly .. much resembles a cockroach. 1885 Svvainson Prav. Names Brit. Birds 196 Fiddler (Hebrides). 1887 Kent Gloss., Fiddler, the angel or shark-ray. c. A small crab of the genus Gelasimus. Also fiddler-crab . 1714 J. Lawson Carolina 162, Fidlars are a sort of small Crabs, that lie in Holes in the Marshes. 1867 W. B. Lord Crab, Shrimp, Sf Lobster Lore 29 A ‘ Fidler-Crab ’ (as it is sometimes called from the rapidity with which it works its elbows). 1883 S. L. Clemens [‘Mark Twain’] Life on Mississippi xlviii. 429 The drainage-ditches were everywhere alive with little crabs—‘fiddlers’. 5 . attrib. and Comb., as fiddler lad ; fiddler-like adj. and adv. 1824 Scott Red,gaunt let Let. xii, ‘Deil’s in the fiddler lad ’ was muttered from more quarters than one. 1628 Venner Baths of Bathe (1650) 359 It is Fidler-like. 1660 Howell Parly of Beasts 128 He was dismissed Fidler-like, with meat, drink, and money. + Fi’ddlery. Obs. In 6 fidlery. [f. prec. + -y •’>.] The art or craft of a fiddler. 1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. i. vi. 36 As though Humfrey Crowther were a whole integrall thing made and consisting of these two partes, goodnesse and fidlery. Fiddlestick (frd’lstik), sb. [f. Fiddle sb. + Stick sb.] 1 . The bow strung with horsehair with which the fiddle is played. The devil titles on a fiddle-stick : = here's a fine commotion. 14 . Nom. MS. Reg. 17 in Wr.-Wiilcker 693 Hie arculus, fydylstyk. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, 11. iv. 535 The Deuill rides vpon a Fiddle-sticke. 1653 Walton Angler 106, I lent you indeed my Fiddle, but not my Fiddlestick. 1773 John¬ son in .Boswell 15 Apr., Give him a fiddle and a fiddle-stick, and he can do nothing. 1842 Abdy Water Cure (1843) 210, I might as well inquire whether the fiddle or the fiddle-stick makes the tune. 2 . hutnorously. Something insignificant or absurd, a mere nothing. Often substituted for another word in derisively repeating a remark. Also, fiddlestick's end. Not to care a fiddlestick: to care not at all. 1621 Fletcher Pilgrim iii. iv, Shot with a fiddlestick : who’s here to shoot ye? 1701 Farquhar Sir H. YVildair iv. ii, Golden pleasures! golden fiddlesticks! 1796 Grosi2 Diet. Vulg. Tongue (ed. 3), Fiddlestick's End, Nothing. 1807-8 W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 140 We do not care a fiddle¬ stick .. for either public opinion or private ill-will. 1838 Dickens Nick. Nick, viii, ‘ We purify the boys’ bloods now and then.’ ‘ Purify fiddlesticks’ ends,’ said his lady. 1855 Thackeray Newcomes x, She. .proposed to die of a broken heart. .Abroken fiddlestick ! 1877 Black Green Past, xxvii. (1878) 214 ‘Beware the awful fiddlesticks!’ she flippantly answered. 3 . Hence as int. An exclamation equivalent to Nonsense! fiddle-de-dee! Often in pi. Also, fiddlestick's end ! 1600 Nashe Summer s Last Will Wks. (Grosart) VI. 130 A fiddlesticke ! ne’re tell me I am full of words. 1842 Thackeray Miss Tickletoby s Led. vii, Do you suppose men so easily change their natures? Fiddlestick ! 1854 H. Ains¬ worth Flitch of Bacon ii. 17 ‘ And she refused you.’ ‘ P’ortu- nately she did, my dear.’ ‘ Fiddlestick’s end ! I dare say you preferred her.' 1857 Hughes Tom Broivtt ix. (1871) 186 Fiddlesticks ! it’s nothing but the skin broken. 1883 Steven¬ son Treasure I si. 1. ii. (1886) 16 ‘Wounded? A fiddle-stick’s end !’ said the doctor. 1887 Jessopp Arcady vii. 219 Once a labourer always a labourer? Fiddlesticks ! Fiddle-string. [f. as prec. + String.] One of the strings on a fiddle, which by their vibration produce the sound. Also fig. 1728 Young Love Fame iii. (1757) 108 Fix’d is the fate of FIDDLEY. 190 FIDGET. whores, and. fiddle-strings ! 1733 Arbuthnot Air in. § 20 A Fiddle-string, moisten’d with Water will sink a Note in a little time. 1835 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. I. 43, I do but .. fret myself to fiddlestrings. 1884 E. Heron-Allen Violin¬ making 11. xii. 210 The manufacture of fiddle strings. Fiddley (frd’l|i). Naut. The iron framework round the deck opening that leads to the stoke¬ hole of a steamer ; usually covered by a grating of iron bars; the space below this. 1881 Standard 17 Nov. 2/3 The coverings of the fiddlers or openings to the stoke hole. 1885 Runciman Skippers by S/i. 1 A few men were crouching in the fiddley. 1893 IVestm. Gaz. 1 Feb. 4/2 They have had to sleep amidst the ‘fiddlies’ around the engine boilers. Fiddling (fi’dlig), vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ing 1 .] The action of the vb. Fiddle in various senses. 1 . Playing the fiddle. c 1460 Emare 390 Bothe harpe and fydyllyng. a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) I. 7 Th’ Arcadians .. Whom nothing in the World could bring To civil Life, but fiddling. 1702 Addison Dial. Medals iii. Wks. 1721 I. 530 We see Nero’s fidling and Commodus’s skill in fencing on several of their Medals. 1879 Besant & Rice Trafalg. Bay ii. (1891) 22 There could be no fiddling that evening. 2 . Fussy trifling; petty adjustment or alteration. 1622 Massinger Virg. Mart. iv. i, Hell on your fiddling ! 1705 W. King A rt of Love xii. 68 Some times your hair you upwards furl.. All must through twenty fiddlings pass. 1762 Songs Costume (Percy Soc.) 240 ’Tis so metamorphos’d by your fiddling and fangling, That I scarce know my own. 1878 in N. Amer. Rev. CXXVI. 249, I am sick of this fiddling about. Fiddling (fi'dlig), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing 2 .] 1 . That plays the fiddle. 1580 Sidney Arcadia 11. (1590) 217, I curse the fidling finders out of music. 1780 Cowper Progr. Err. in A cas- socked huntsman and a fiddling priest, a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) I. 290 He lighted by chance on a fiddling fellow. 2 . a. Of persons: Busy about trifles; addicted to futile and petty activity* b. Of things ; Petty, trifling, unimportant; contemptible, futile. a. 1660 S. Fisher Rusticks Alarm Wks. (1679) 374 The Fruit of their fidling Minds. 1673 Wycherley Gentleman Dane ing-Master 11. ii, You grow so fiddling and so trouble¬ some there is no enduring you. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) 11 . i. 5 A sort of fiddling, busy, yet .. unbusy man. b. 165a Sir E. Nicholas in A'. Papers (Camden) 301 Putting himself into every fidling business, a 1672 Wood Life (1848) 70 For feare of making their meetings to be vaine and fidling. 1705 W. King Art of Love 62 The most fidling work of knitting, a 1745 Swift Direc. to Servants ii, Wks. (17781 II. 358 Good cooks cannot abide what they . .call fiddling work, where abundance of time is spent, and little done. 1886 J. R. Rees Pleas, of a Bk. Worm v. 169 The quantity of fiddling, complaining criticism with which many of our. .critical journals abound. Fide i foid), v. rare- 1 , [f. L. fid-cre to Con¬ fide.] trails. To confide or entrust to. 1863 Ld. Lytton Ring A mas is iv. 66 The..request that her infant daughter might be tided to the care of her friend. Fi'deal, a. rare — 1 , [f. L .fide- {/ides') + -al.] Pertaining to or based upon faith. 1854 Notes Biogr. W. Law p. xxv, His far-seeing fideal realizations. t Fi'deding, a. Obs. Sc. rare- 1 , [ad. L .fide dignus worthy of credit.] Trustworthy. In quot. ellipt. a trustworthy person. .*535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 432 Schawin him be ane richt fideding, Ane man of gude. f Fide*icide. Obs~° [f. ~L. fidei , gen. of fides faith-f -cide h] ‘ A faith-destroyer; a breaker of word or trust’ (Blount Glossogr . 1656-Si). 1676-1717 in Coles. Fi-deist. nonce-wd. [f. L. fide - {fides)+ - ist.] (See quot.) 1881 Dublin Rev. Ser. in. V. 250 Writers who have ex¬ aggerated the influence of faith..he [Olle-Laprune] would call. .fideists. Fidei-commissum (fshdfioiikpmi-simi). Rom. Law. [a. L. fidei-commissum, neut. pa. pple. of fidei-committere, f. fidei, dat. of fides faith + com¬ mit litre to entrust, Commit.] A bequest which a person made by begging his heir or legatee to transfer something to a third person. 1 727-41 in Chambers Cycl. 1767 Blackstone Comm. II. 11. xx. 327 The fidei-commissum. .was the disposal of an in¬ heritance to one, in confidence that he should convey it or dispose of the profits at the will of another. So Fi dei-commi ssary [ad. L. fidei commis- sdrius: s.e -ary], of, belonging to, or of the nature of a fidei-commissum. Fidei-commi s- sarily adv. [ + -ly 2 ], in a fidei-commissary or precatory manner; through a fidei-commissum. Fi dei-coiumi ssion, the action involved in a fidei-commissum; an instance of this. Fi dei- commissioner [ + -er 1], one who receives a fidei-commissum. Fi dei-conimi'ssor, ‘ he that commits a thing to be disposed of by another’ (Blount Glossogr. 1656-Si). 1751 Chambers Cycl. s. v. Fidei-Commissum, A praetor was erected, whose business was restrained to the single matter of fidei-commissions. Ibid., The fidei-commissioner refused to accept the trust. 1880 Muirhead Ulpian xxv. § 3 A fideicommissary gift may be left even by a mere nod. 1880 — Gains n. § 247 Fideicommissary inheritances. Ibid. § 260 Competent for a testator to bequeath single things by fideicommissary gift. Ibid. § 289 He cannot be appointed fideicommissarily. 1880 — Ulpian ii. § 8 He to whom free¬ dom is given fideicommissarily is a freedman not of the I testator’s but of the manumitter’s. Fidejussion (faidz'idztrjbn). [ad. 'L.fidejussion - cm, n. of action f. fide-jubere : see next.] A giving 1 or being surety or bail; suretyship. 1657 Faringdon 30 Serin, i. 15 If he will be a surety, such is the nature of fidej ussion and suretiship, he must. Hence Fidejussionary a. 1880 Muirhead Gains iv. § 137 [He] gave his fidejussionary undertaking for Lucius Titius for something indefinite. Fidejussor (faid/id^irsoi, -oi). Civil Law. [a. \fidejussor, agent-n. f. fide-jubere, f. fide, abl. of | fides faith + jubere to order.] One who authorizes the bail of or goes bail for another ; a surety. 1539 Sc. Acts fas. V (1814) II. 354 Certane vtheris his collegis caucioneris & fide Jussoris. 1647 J ER< Taylor Lib. Proph. xviii. 239 If he would have appointed Godfathers .. to be fidejussors for them [Children]. 1768 Blackstone Comm. III. 108 They, .take recognizances, .of certain fide¬ jussors in the nature of bail. 1880 Muirhead Gaius 111. § 1 15. Fidejussory (foiclzid^zrsari), a. [ad. L. fide- jussori-us,{. fidejussor \ see prec.] Of or pertain¬ ing to surety or bail. 1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 325 Relief against the debtor is implied in fidejussory obligations. 1774 Bp. Hallifax Anal. Rom. Law (1795) 18 Any one that offered the Fidejussory Caution. Fidel e, obs. form of Fiddle. t Fideie, a. Obs. Also 6 fydell, 1 fidell. [a. F. fideie, ad. L .fidel-is, f. fides faith.] Faith- fid, sincere, true. 1539 Hen. VIII To Sir T. Wyatt io Mar. (R.), They were true and fideie unto us. 1545 Raynold Byrth Mankynde R iv, He is one of the moost fydell & faithfullest Apothe¬ caries in London. 1671 True Nonconf. 133 Our Lord., hath in his fidell discharge .. fully defined the former. 1677 Gale Crt. Gentiles in. Pref., An humble fideie mind. tFideTious, a. Obs. [f. L. fideli-s + -ous.] Faithful. 1650 S. Sheppard Candido 14, 1 . .have found thee cordially fidelious. 1655 Marrow of Complements 114 Your fidelious servitour. 1656 S. Holland Zara (1719) 16 The Champion and his fidelious.Land-loper Soto. Fidelity (fidediti), a. Forms: 5-6 fydelite, -itie, -itye, -yte, *ytie, 6-7 fidelitie, (6 fidelite), 6 - fidelity, [a. F. fidelite, acl. L. fidelitdt-em, f. fide Us faithful, f. fides faith.] 1 . The quality of being faithful; faithfulness, loyalty, unswerving allegiance to a person, party, bond, etc. Const, to, towards. 1508 Barclay Shyp of Folys (1874) II. 92 Amonge these wasters is no fydelyte. 1520 Caxton's C/iron. Fng. 111. 25/1 They kepte fydelyte to the Romayns. 1553 Q. Jane in Strype Feel. Mem. III. App. ii. 4 Our special trust is in your .. fidelities in this matter. 1659 Hammond On Ps. 520 Gods mercies .. and fidelities to his people. 1683 Burnet tr. More's Utopia (1684) 163 They serve those that hire them .. with, .great Fidelity. 1791 Bentham Panofi. Wks. 1843 IV. 225 Fidelity to engagements is a virtue. 1839 Thirl- wall Greecey I. 279 The conduct of Arsames raised Alex¬ ander’s suspicions of his fidelity. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. II. viii. 90 A strict, stanch fidelity to the expedition. F b. To make fidelity : to take an oath of fealty. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vii. ccxxxviii. 277 That .. Kynges of Scotlonde, shuld make theyr homage and fydelyte vnto the Kynges of Englonde. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. (1774) 79 Ane other fidelitie. .sail be. .made be the woman, and her heires, in the samine forme and words as homage should be made. Ibid. Table 80 He quha maries ane widow, sould make fidelity to the heire of hir first husband. c. Conjugal faithfulness. 1694 Acct. Sweden 70 Some of them are accounted more eminent for Chastity before Marriage, than Fidelity after. 1825 J. Neal Bro. Jonathan III. 227 If we are not barren, our fidelity is proved. + d. Word of honour, oath, pledge; also to give, break one's fidelity. By my fidelity : upon my word. Obs. 1531 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford T05 The benche dyd examen the foresayd [persons] uppon theyre fydelities. 1574 Whitgift Def. Aunsw. iii. Wks. 1851 I. 306 None is admitted toany degree, .but the same is first presented, .to the university, by some one ..who giveth his fidelity for them. 1581 Marbeck Bk. of Notes 165 Pliarao. .was punished for breaking his fidelitie. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. iv. ii. 160 By my fidelity this is not well. 2 . Strict conformity to truth or fact. fa. Of persons: Honesty, truthfulness, trust¬ worthiness, veracity {obs.). b. Of a description, translation, etc.: Correspondence with the original; exactness. 1534 More On the Passion Wks. 1344/2 Ought we to doubte of his fidelitie and testimony ? 1597 Hooker Feel. Pol.y. § 19. 29 The principall thing required in a witnesse is fidelitie. 1663 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. 11. vi. § 1 How then can the fidelity of a Prophet be discovered by the event? 1709 Strype Ann. Ref. I. xxi. 252 He trusting to their Fi¬ delities, set them down as he received them. 1735 Pope Lett. 22 Jan. 1709 Be very free of your Remarks .. in re¬ gard., to the Fidelity of the Translation. 1847 Emerson Rcpr. Men, Shales. Wks. (Bohn) I. 359 The only critics who have expressed our convictions with any adequate fidelity. 1872 Darwin Emotions Introd. 26 By this means [photo¬ graphy on wood] almost complete fidelity is ensured. Fidepromissor (fohdz,pn?mrsoi). Rom. Law. [a. L. fidefromissor, agent-11, f. fide-promittcre, f. files faith- 5 - promitt ere to promise.] One who pro¬ mises or pledges himself as security for another; I a bail, surety. 1875 Poste Gains iii. Comm. (ed. 2) 403 The sponsor and fidepromissor have vanished from the legislation of Justinian. 1880 Muirhead Gains Digest 604 Fidepromissors could be¬ come accessory only to verbal obligations. Fidfad (frdfoed), sb. and a. [Short for Fiddle- faddle.] A. sb. a. One who gives fussy attention to trifles, b. A petty matter of detail, a crotchet. 1754 World No. 95 The youngest .. is, in everything she does, an absolute fidfad. 1875 Mrs. Lynn Linton Patricia KembalL II. 31 The fidfads, called improvements, which were not wanted. 1881 B. W. Richardson in Gd. Words XXII. 52 He built himself a house, and fitted it with every fidfad that could be suggested. B. adj. Frivolous, fussy, petty. 1830 R. Hill in E. Sidney Life (1834) 351 With the tinkling cymbal fid-fad musicians may try to tickle the fancy of such half-witted admirers. 1844 Blackw. Mag. LV. 199 From exuberant 4to, down to the fid-fad concentration of 121110. Fidge (fids), sb. dial, or colloq. [f. next vb.] 1 . The action or habit of fidgeting; the state of being fidgety: in phr. to be in a fidge ; also, a commotion, stir, fuss. 1731 Swift Tim <5- Fables Wks. 1778 IX. 158 The twist, the squeeze, the rump, the fidge and all. 1790 J. Macaulay Poems 129 No ane gi’es e’er a fidge or fyke, Or yet a moan. 1832 W. Stephenson Gateshead Local Poems 56 He’s in a fidge. To get to Beamish forge. 1887 Ruskin Prselerita II. 189 * There’ll be such a fidge about you, when you’re gone.' 2 . A restless person. 1884 in Cheshire Gloss. Fidge (hdg), v. Obs. exc. dial. See also Fig vA [Of obscure origin; the sense closely resembles that of Fine, but etymological connexion is hardly possible, unless the form has undergone onomatopoeic modi¬ fication. Cf. Ger. ficken to move about briskly.] 1 . intr. To move about restlessly or uneasily; also, to fidge about, abroad, to andfro. Of a limb : To twitch. 1575 J- Still Gamm. Gurton i. iv. in Hazl. Dodsley III. 184 Where ha’ you been fidging abroad, since you your nee'le lost? 1577 Breton Wks. Young Wit (T)., Some [dame] would fidge, as though she had the itch. 1667 Dkydf.n Maiden Queen ill. i, What is it, that makes you fidge up and down so ? 1700 Congreve Way of World v. 77 The good Judge .. fidges off and on his Cushion. 1728 Swift Mullinix <$• Timothy, You wriggle, fidge, and make a rout. 1786 Burns Ordination i, Kilmarnock wabsters fidge and claw. 1883 Stevenson Treasuie 1 st. 1. iii. (1886) 20 ‘ Look, .how my fingers fidges.’ b. To be eager and restless. To fidge fiC fain : (Sc.) to express pleasurable eagerness by restless movements. 1785 Burns To W. Simpson vi, Auld Coila, now, may fidge fu’ fain, She’s gotten Poets o’ her ain. 1790 — Tam O'Shautcr 185 Even Satan glowr’d and fidg’d fu’ fain. 1803 R Ander¬ son Cumberld. Ball. 57 The barn and the byre . .Will just seem like cronies yen’s fidgin to see. 2 . trails. To twitch, shrug, rare. 1786 Burns Prayer to Sc. Representatives vi, Ne’er claw your lug, an’ fidge your back, And hum an’ haw. Hence Frdging vbl. sb. 1604 T. M. Black Bk. Middleton’s Wks. V. 525 The fidging of gallants to Norfolk and up and down countries, a 1734 North Exam. 11. v. § 124 (1740) 392 It was by their perpetual fidging about from Place to Place. Fidget (fi'd^et), sb. [f. Fidge v., perh. in imi¬ tation of tickets.'] 1 . A condition of vague physical uneasiness, seek¬ ing relief in irregular bodily movements. App. first used in the fidgct{s (now always pi.) as if the name of a malady or pathological symptom (some¬ times in definite pathological sense : see quot. 1876). Hence iransf. a condition or mood of im¬ patient uneasiness or restlessness. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk <5* Selv. 134 ’Tis a .. thing that has got the fidget. 1750 Gray Long Story xxxiv, Jesu Maria ! Madam Bridget. .(Cried the Square-hoods in woeful fidget). 1753 World No. 7. 39 Fits of the fidgets. 1778 Mad. D’Arblay Diary Aug., I was really in the fidgets from thinking what my reception might be. 1781 Cowper Con¬ versation 208 Weavers of long tales Give me the fidgets. 1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Earn. I. 45 Their arrival, owing to the fidget and hurry of Mrs. Mourtray, was some¬ what premature. 1837 Howitt Rur. Life vi. viii. (1862) 484 The landlady and her daughter are on the fidgets. 1839 E. FitzGerald Lett. I. 51 ,1 have got the fidgets in my right arm. 1864 J. Ii. Newman Apol. (1865) 41 Palmer .. still .. felt .. some fidget and nervousness. 1876 Bartholow Mat. Med. (1879) 403 Wakefulness from, .unrest of the peripheral nerves (fidgets), and similar causes, will generally be re¬ lieved by the bromides. 1893 Dunglison Diet. Med. (ed.. 21), Fidgets. 2 . [From the vb.] One who fidgets or worries unnecessarily, or who causes the fidgets in others. 1837 F. Cooper Recoil. Europe I. 208 He. .betrayed him¬ self immediately to be a fidget. 1881 Lady Herbert Edith 159 Lord St. Aubyn is a terrible fidget. 1882 Three in Norivay ii. 10 Dispense with that creaking-booted fidget, the waiter. 3 . [From the vb.] The action or habit of fidget¬ ing, bustling about or worrying ; also the rustling of a dress, etc. 1860-1 Flo. Nightingale Nursing 36 The fidget of silk and of crinoline. 1890 Spectator 15 Nov., The policy of I legislative fidget carried to the most mischievous excess. Fidget (fi'd^et), v. Pples. fidgeted, -eting (often incorrectly with double t). [f. prec. sb.] 1 . intr. To make movements indicative of im FIDG-ETATION. 191 FIE patience, restlessness, or uneasiness ; to move rest¬ lessly to and fro. Also, to fidget about. 1754 [see Fidgeting///. a.]. 1809 W. Irving Knickcrb. iv. iv. (1849) 217 The governor snapping his fingers and fidget¬ ing with delight. 1827. Lytton Pelham iii. 18 Davison fidgeted about in his chair. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge i, Joe .. had been fidgeting in his chair with divers uneasy gestures. 1858 R. S. Surtees Ask Mamma xxxiii. 138 The Major..has been fidgetting about pairing parties off. 1867 J. Hatton 7 'allants of B. xviii. The chairman fidgetted uneasily in his seat. b. To be uneasy; to worry. 1884 Munch. Exam. 25 Nov. 5/1 They can but fidget and fume. 1884 Mrs. Ewing Mary’s Meadow (1886)58 Mother fidgetted because I looked ill. 2 . trails. To cause (a person) to fidget; to make uncomfortable, trouble or worry; reji. to take trouble. To fidget into ; to force into a specified condition by fidgeting; hyparbolically, to fidget to death. 1785 [see Fidgeting//*/, a.]. 1815 Jane Austen Emma 11. lx. 197 She says I fidget her to death. 1836 T. Hook G. Gurney I. 85 The fever into which I had fidgetted myself. 1845 Ford Handbk. Spain 1. 55 Spaniards never fidget themselves to get quickly to places where nobody is expecting them. 1847 Alb. Smith Chr. Tadpole xxv. (1879) 220 The heat fidgetted them all by day. 3 . To move about restlessly and uneasily, rare. 1819 Metropolis I. 86 Fan-flirting, and fidgetting the bod) about. Hence Fidgeted ppl. a. f Fi dgeting vbl. sb. 1765 C. Smart Fable iv. in Poems (1791) II. 11 Susan, .all the rites of rage perform’d, As scolding .. fidgetting, and fretting. 1775 Mad. D’Arblay Early Diary (1889) II. 17 ‘How can you say so, Sir?’ cried Bell .. colouring, and much fidgetted. 1845 Ford Handbk. Spain 1. 66 Nothing is gained by fidgeting and over-doing. i Fidgetation. Obs .— 1 [f. Fidget z/.+ -ation.] The action of fidgeting; a fidgety movement. 1742 Lady M.W. Montague Lett. II. 248 Your Grace asks me if I have left off footing, and tumbling down stairs; as to the first, my fidgetations are much spoiled. Fidgetiness (frdgetines). [f. Fidgety + -ness.] The state or quality of being fidgety; nervous restlessness, uneasiness. 1772 Franklin Wks. (1887) IV. 529 This fidgetiness (to use a vulgar expression for want of a better) is occa¬ sioned wholly by an uneasiness in the skin. 1860-1 Flo. Nightingale Nursing 55 A nurse will be careful to fidgeti¬ ness about airing the clean sheets. 1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. xxviii. (1889) 269 That’s some of uncle’s fidgetiness. Fidgeting (fi dgetiq), ppl. a. [f. Fidget v. + -ing *.] In senses of the vb. 1672 Wycherly Love in a Wood 11. i, He is a fidgetting, censorious, gossiping, quibbling wretch. 1754 Richardson Grandison (1781) VI. li. 319 My fidgetting Lord thrust in.. his sharp face. 1785 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 25 Nov., This was rather fidgetting intelligence. 1839-40 W. Irving Wol- fert's R. (1855) 5 He had warred for quiet through the fidgeting reign of William. 1865 Pall Mall G. 11 Apr. 1 Some fidgeting little matter of exchange. Hence Fi dg-etingly adv.y in a fidgeting manner. 1882 ‘ Basil* Love the Debt II. xxviii. 270 A small parcel which Mabel had seen her take up. .furtively and fidgetingly half a dozen times. 1892 Temple Bar Mag. Dec. 570 Pamela is. .fidgettingly handling the little objects. Fidgety (frd^eti), a. [f. Fidget+ -Y 1 .] 1 . Inclined or disposed to fidget; uneasy, restless. 1730-6 in Bailey (folio). 1788 Mad. D’Arblay Diary IV. iv. 187 He declared if I was fidgety he should have no comfort. 1827 Scott Jml. 10 Aug., This is a morning of fidgety, nervous confusion. 1880 Miss Braddon Just as I am xviii. He held the somewhat fidgety horse. 2 . Producing fidgetiness, disquieting, rare “ h 1885 Truth 11 June 927/1 Dining-rooms, .fidgety with glitter. Hence Fidgetily adv.y in a fidgety manner. 1880 Miss Broughton Sec. Th. 11. iii, Gillian fidgetily watches her. Fidging (fi'd^iq'), ppl. a. Sc. [f. Fidge v. -f -ing That ‘ fidges’, restless, fidgety. 1637 Abp. Williams Holy Table 60 As..manly as he is fidging. 1721 Kelly Sc. Prov. 8 A fidging Mare should be well girded. 1821 Blackw. Mag. VIII. 619 The fidging Prentices, their elbows claw. 1862 Hislop in Scot. Prov. 5. b. In phr. fidging fain } eager to restlessness or discomfort. Const, to with inf. ? a 1700 Maggie Lauder in Songs of Scot. (1851) II. iii Maggie. .I’m fidgin’ fain to see thee. 1785 Burns Ep. to J. Lapraik v. 1826 J. Wilson Nod. Amor. Wks. I. 322 The people in the pit, a fidgin fain to see her. 1892 in Northumb. Gloss. II Fi dibllS. [Ger.; of uncertain etymology ; for conjectures see Grimm.] A paper match for lighting pipes. Also attrib. 1829 Longf. in Life ( 1891) I. 172, I was just lighting my pipe .. the ‘ fidibus ’ fell from my hand. 1889 Pall Mall G. 24 June 6/1 Sleeping in mosquito curtains and with ‘fidi¬ bus ’ pastilles. t Fidicinal, a. Obs 1 [f. ~L. fidicin-, fidicen lute-player + -al.] Of or pertaining to a player on stringed instruments. 1776 Sir J. Hawkins Hist. Music I. iii. i. 255 Pulsatile instruments .. in contradistinction to those of the fidicinal or stringed kind. FLdimplicitary, a. nonce-wd. [f. Eccl. L. fid-es implicita implicit faith + -aby.] That puts ‘ implicit faith ’ in another’s dictum. 1652 Urquhart Jewel Wks. (1834) 198 Fidimplicitary gown-men .. satisfied with their predecessors’ contrivances. 1817 Blackw. Mag. I. 470 Fidimplicitary coxcombs, t Fi’dious, a. Obs.~ 1 Short for Perfidious. 1640 Shirley Arcadia n.i, Oh ! fidious rascal! I thought there was some roguery. + Fidiped, a. Obs.~~ 1 [badly f. L. fid - stem of findcre to split +ped -, pes.] = Fissiped. 1661 Lovell Hist. Anim. «$• Min. Introd. 4 Sea gull, white, cinerous, piscatorie, black, sterna, fidiped. + Fidu’Ce. Obs. [ad. L .fidiicial) Confidence. 1582 N. T. (Rhem.) 1 Tim. vi. 20 note , Their [the Pro¬ testants’] sole faith, their fiduce, their apprehension of Christs iustiee. 1615 Byfield Exp. Coloss. i. 4 (1869) 35/1 Faith.. stands in three things :—desires; fiduce, or confidence; per¬ suasion. Fiducial (f9idi?7-J i al, fidi/z^al), a. [ad. L. fidiicial-iSy f. fiducia trust, confidence : see -al.] 1 . Theol. Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, trust or reliance. 1624 F. White Rtpl. Fisher 164 Such a. .Faith, as is both an intellectuall and fiduciall assent to diuine Promises. 1656 H. More Enthus. Tri. 43 Every thing has..a fiduciall Knowledge of God in it. a 1703 Burkitt On N. 7 ’. John xv. 5 Abide in me. .by a real and fiducial adherence, a 1711 Ken Divine Love Wks. (1838) 312 Teach us to live, .with a fiducial dependence on thy fatherly goodness. 1870 Spurgeon 'Treas. Dav. Ps. xxxi. 3 II. 63 The words .. appear to .. fasten upon the Lord with a fiducial grip. 2 . humorous nonce-use. Willing to trust. 1847 L. Hunt Men, Women, $ B. I. ix. 169 Taverns., not hospitable—not fiducial—don’t trust. 13 . Trusted, trusty. Obs. 1647 H. More Song of Soul 11. 1. iv. iii, Prop fiduciall Of all those lives and beings cleeped Naturall. 1730-6 in Bailey (folio). 4 . In Surveying , Astronomy , etc. Of aline, point, etc.; Assumed as a fixed basis of comparison. 1571 Digges Pantom. (1591) 30 Note the degrees cut by the line fiduciall. 1644 Nye. Gunnery (1670) 44 The Line Fiduciall, because from this line proceeds the beginning of the degrees in the Circle. 1828 Hutton Course Math. II. 55 These sights and one edge of the index are in the same plane, and that is called the fiducial edge of the index. 1873 Maxwell in Life xiv. (1882) 435 We need some fiducial point or standard of reference. 5 . = Fiduciary. 1832 in Webster quoting Spelman. Plence Fiducially adv.y in a fiducial manner. 1647 T. Hill Best <$• Worst of Paul (1648) 22 God hath given thee a sweet perswasion of soul to rest fiducially. 1654 Warren Unbelievers 204 Fiducially trusting upon Christ. #1716 South Serin. Wks. 1737 VI. 472 It is the Spirit of God alone, that .. enables the soul fiducially to .. rest upon that object. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Fiducially, honestly, trustily. 1847 in Craig. f FiduciaTity. Obs.~ 0 ff. prec. + -ity.] a. Trustiness, b. A firm reliance; religious confidence. 1727-36 in Bailey. 1775 in Ash. Fiduciary (faidi/rj'ari), a. and sb. [ad. L. fiducidri-uSy f. fiducia : see Fiducial and -ary. Cf. F. fiducia ire. In Rom. Law fiducia denoted the transfer of a right to a person subject to the obligation to transfer it again at some future time or on some condition being fulfilled.] A. adj. 1 . a. Of a person ; In trust of a person or thing; holding something in trust. Obs. exc. in Rom. Law. 1647 Bury Wills (Camden) 197, I doe acknowledge my selfe to be but a fiduciarie possessor of them vnder God. 1652 Needham tr. Seidell's Mare Cl. 254 Guthrunus King of the Danes, was .. setled in Northumberland as a Fidu¬ ciarie Client, .to Alfred. 1788 Ld. Bulkeley in Dk. Buckhm. Crt. Cabinets Geo. Ill { 1853) I. 445 The Prince .. in his quality of Fiduciary Regent. 1880 Muirhead Ulpian xi. § 5 He who has manumitted a free person .. becomes that person’s tutor, .and is called a fiduciary tutor. b. Of or pertaining to a trustee; pertaining to or of the nature of a tnisteeship. Fiduciary coemption (Rom. Law): the formal purchase of a married woman, the purchaser being bound by a ‘fiducia* to remancipate her to some one of her choice. 1795 Wythe Decis. Virginia 17 The Receivers possession is fiduciary. 1846 M'Culloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) II. 159 The fiduciary system of the Roman Law, adopted by the clerical chancellors. 1863 H. Cox Instit. 11. viii. 495 note , It is not every fiduciary possession of property which constitutes a trust. 1875 Poste Gains 1. § 166 Fiduciary guardianship arises when a free person .. is manumitted by the alienee. 1879 Castle Law of Rating 71 The persons in actual valuable occupation of property are rateable, though they occupy in a merely fiduciary character. 1880 Muirhead Gains 1. § 115 a , Fiduciary coemption was also had recourse to of old to enable a woman to make a will. 2 . Of a thing : In trust of a person; held or given in trust. * 1641 Spelman Admiral-Jurisd. (1723) 224 The High Admiral himself cannot grant it for longer than his own time, being but a Trust and fiduciary Power. 1660 G. Fleming Stemma Sacrum 41 Scotland was once acknow¬ ledged a fiduciary Kingdom to the Crown of England. 1768 Blackstone Comm. III. 51 Uses of land, .were considered as fiduciary deposits and binding in conscience by the clergy. 1827 Hallam Const. Hist. (1876* I. vi. 344 Such fiduciary estates were well known to the Roman jurists. 1884 W. S. Lilly in Contemp. Rev. Feb. 264 Christianity .. regarded authority as limited and fiduciary. b. Of or pertaining to something held in trust. 1767 Blackstone Comm. II. 333 The incidents, that formerly attended it [the land] in its fiduciary state. f 3 . Of the nature of, proceeding from, or imply¬ ing trust or reliance. Obs. 1640 Gauden Love of Truth (1641) 32 Fiduciary assurance and the like. 1640 Howell Dodona’s Gr. 19 Elaiana which can relye no where upon meere love and fiduciary obedience. 1648 Eikon Bas. 8a That fiduciary and fervent application of their spirits wherein consists the very life and soul of Prayer. *655 Curnall Chr. in Arm. 11. 242 The Christian, when he ..hath greatest victory over it [sin], even then must he renounce all fiduciary glorying in this, a 1680 Charnock Attrib. God( 1834) II. 245 It was this .. edged the fiduciary importunity of the souls under the altar. 4 . Of a paper currency: Depending for its value on the confidence of the public or cyi securities. The Bank of England issue of £ 16,000,000 on securities is called a ‘fiduciary issue’. 1878 H. H. Gibbs Corres. in B. Price's Pol. Econ. 562 It is wholly impossible that a convertible Circulation of fidu¬ ciary (or security) notes should ever fall to that point [15 millions]. 1880 Manch. Guard. 25 Oct., The system of a fiduciary paper money began in Russia during the Crimean war. 1891 Pall Mall G. 3 Dec. 7/1 The fiduciary issue would then stand at 25$ millions. 1892 Daily News 13 Sept. 2/3 The fiduciary currency of the United States. 5 . Of or pertaining to a person that is trusted ; confidential, rare. 1882 F. Anstey Vice VersA xii. 216 Every right-minded boy ought to feel himself in such a fiduciary position towards his master. B. sb. 1 . One who holds anything in trust ; a trustee. 1631 T. Powell Tom All Trades 11 You know they are faithfull fiduciaries in the election. 1821 Scott Kenilw . xii, Persuade the good Sir Hugh to make me his .. fiduciary in this matter. t 2 . One who identifies justifying faith with as¬ surance of one’s own salvation. Obs. 1654 Hammond Fundam. xiii. 120 The second obstructive . .is that of the Fiduciarie. .having resolved Faith to be the only instrument of his justification. 1684 T. Hockin God's Deer. 359 Some bold Fiduciaries, .confidently pretend that their names are certainly written in the Book of Life. 13 . Something that secures confidence; cre¬ dentials. Obs. 1593 Abp. Bancroft Danng. Posit, in. xiii. 106 Let euerie of them deliuer the instructions from their Churches .. together with the Fiduciary or Letters of credence. Hence Fiduciarily adv. d (a) trustfully, con¬ fidingly (obs.) ; ( b ) under the conditions of a trust. 1653 W. Sclater Fun. Sermon (1654) 31 He really and fiduciarily intended it. 1863 H.Cox Instit. 11. viii. 497 Equity ..has annexed to the fiduciary possession of property a mul¬ titude of rules in favour of the persons fiduciarily interested. t Fiduciate, v. Obs. rare— °. [ad. fiduciat- ppl. stem of fiduciare, f. fiducia trust.] tram. 1656-81 Blount GlossogrFiduciate, to commit to trust, or make condition of trust. Fie (fsi), inf. Forms: 3 fi, 3-8 fy, (4 fy}), 5-9 fye, 6-7 phy, 5- fie. [ME. fi, fy , app. a. OF. fiify (mod.F .fi )L .ft, an imitation of the sound instinctively made on perceiving a disagreeable smell. Cf. ON. fy (Da. fy, also fy skatn dig, fie shame to youl S w.fy), of similar origin. The ON. may possibly be a joint source of the Eng. word, but the early instances either occur in translations from Fr. or imitate the Fr. construction fi de.] 1 . An exclamation expressing, in early use, dis¬ gust or indignant reproach. No longer current in dignified language; said to children to excite shame for some unbecoming action, and hence often used to express the humorous pretence of feeling * shocked \ Sometimes more fully Lie, for shame ! Const. \ of ( — on), on , upon. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 390 ‘Fy a debles’, quab b e kyng. c 1330 King of 1 'ars 612 Fy on ow everichon ! c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 1578 ‘ Fy’, qua)? Moradas, ‘wat ert bow; bat telest of me so lyte?’ c 1386 Chaucer Man of Laids Proi. 80 Of all swiche cursed stories I say fy. — Nun's Pr. T. 71 Ye ben a very sleper, fy for shame. 7:1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iii. xlvi, Chastitee. . whan she seeth me seith fy. 7:1440 York Myst. xxxii. 103 Fye on hym, dastard ! 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas, xi. xxxv, Fy upon slouth, the nourysher of vyce. 7*1553 Udall Royster D. iii. iv. (Arb.) 52 What weepe? Fye for shame! And blubber? 1583 Babington Commandm. ix. (1637)91 Fie of that affection, that damneth our soules ! 1592 Shaks. Ven. <$• Ad. 611 Fie, fie, he saies, you crush me, let me go. 1606 Sir. G. Goosccappe 111. ii. in Bullen O. PI. III. 53 Fie for shame; I never heard of such an antedame. 1677 Gale Crt. Gentiles iv. 113 Phy ! how depraved is mans nature altogether ! 1749 F ielding Tom Jones viii. ix, Fy upon it, Mr. Partridge..are you afraid of facing a little cold? 1764 Foote Mayor of G. 11. i, Fye Mr. Bruin, how can you be such a bear to your wife. 1832 Lytton Eugene A. 1. ii, Fie, neighbour, fie, what’s the good of profaneness. 1861 T. A. Trollope La Beat a II. xiv. iii ‘ Fie !’ said Beppina in a state of great delight. 2 . quasi-jA + a. qualified by an adj. : as Double , much fie (obs.). b. as obj. in To cry (f bid, f spit) fie upon. c 1550 R. Weaver Lusty Juvcntus in Hazl. Dodslcy II. 87 Now much fie upon you! how bawdy you are! c 1555 Harpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII ( 1878)173 Fie and double fie upon the impudency of this .. shameless divine. 1599 Breton Author's Dreamey Follie, he badde Fie upon Wisdome. 1662 J. Sparrow tr. Behme's Rem. IVks.y Def. agst. Rickter 13 The Libeller spits Fy, and filth, against the Repentance. 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair xvii, ‘My relations won’t cry fie upon me ’, Becky said. 3 . as sb. 1576 Gascoigne Philomene in Wks. 1870 II. 245 These phyes, and many moe, Pore Philomene may meane. a 1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary iv. v. in Hazl. Dodsl. XII. 298 What angry pishes, and what fies. .The listening taper heard there sworn. 1820 Scott Monast. I. ii. 105 The child red¬ dened .. while the mother, with many a fye and nay pshaw [etc.]. PIE. 192 FIELD. + Pie, ». T 06 s. In 4 fye, 5 phy. [ad. Fr .fier, Pr. and Sp . fiar, It. fulare popular L. *fldare, f. L. ftdtis faithful.] tram. To trust; also rejl.= Fr. se fier. Const, in. 1340 Ayenb. 136 He him fyeth more in o)>res uirtue |?anne ine his. c 1485 Digby Myst. (1882) in. 1068, I his lover and cavse wyll phy. t Fie, v 1 Obs. [f. Fie int.] intr . To say Fie ! C1394 P. PI. Crede 616 [He] fyej> on her falshedes J?at }>ei bifore deden. Fieble, obs. form of Feeble. Fief (fff). sb. Forms: 7 feif, 7-9 feof(f, 7- fief. [First in 17th c. ; a. F. fief: see Fee sb . 2 ] 1 . = Fee sb 1 1. Male fief , fief masculine: one that could be held by males only. 1611 Cotgr., Fief, a Fief; a (Knights) fee ; a Mannor, or inheritance held by homage, a 1613 Overbury Observ. France Wks. (1856) 238 They pawned all their Feifs to the church. 1671 F. Phillips Reg. Necess. 419 An Estate in Tayl or Fief Masculine. 1756 Nugent Gr. Tour II. 27 ’Tis he only that can give away the great fiefs of the empire. 1820 Scott Monast. iv, A male fief. 1838 Arnold Hist. Rome (1846) I. xiv. 267 Proprietors who received their land as an hereditary fief. 1868 Milman St. Pauls 43 The cession of the kingdom as a fief of the Holy See. transf. and fig. 1686 Dryden Ode to Mrs. Killigre'iu 98 To the next Realm she stretcht her Sway .. And the whole Fief, in right of Poetry, she claim'd. 18. . W. Sawyer New Year Numbers xii, Not of thy strength nor cunning didst thou come, Into the fief and heritage of life. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets i. 27 The cities of Greece became the fiefs of foreign despots. b. In fief = in fee : see Fee sb .' 1 1 b. 1728 Morgan Algiers II. v. 313 The knights hold the said Islands in Feof from the king of Sicily. 1821 Byron Mar. Fal. v. i, In fief perpetual to myself and heirs. 1871 B. Taylor Faust (1875) II. Pref. 10 Faust receives the sea¬ shore in feoff for ever. 2 . Comb., as fief holder , one who holds a fief from a superior. 1864 Kirk Chas. Bold II. iv. iii. 419 The fief holders of France., were still more assiduous in the cultivation of martial exercises. 1882-3 Schaff Eticycl. Relig. Kncnul. I. 484 The power of the feudal lords or fief-holders increased. t Fief, v. Obs. [f. prec. sb. Cf. Feoff w.] traits. To grant as a fief. Also to fief out. 1792 A. Young Ti'av. France 327 The seigneurs, who possess the same rights, sell and fief them at a still cheaper rate. Ibid. 394 Seigneurs, who will not sell, but only fief out these wastes. Fie fdom. [f. as prec. -t- -dom.] =Fief sb. 1. 1814 Mrs. J. West Alicia de Lacy I. 130 To forfeit one of our fiefdoms, is not enough. t Fieffal,«. Obs. rare. [f. as prec. + -al.] Of or pertaining to a fief. 1738 Hist. Crt. Excheq. i. 3 The Fieffal is the feudal Jurisdiction, by the Reason of the Fieffs, that is, where the feudal Lord had power to do Right to his Tenants upon any Complaints. Fie-fie (faifei), a. Also fi-fi. [f. Fie by doub¬ ling.] Jocularly used for: Improper, of improper character. 1812 G. Colman Br. Grins, Two Parsons vii, What would [if we were sinless] become of all the fie-fie ladies? 1837 T. Hook Jack Brag xiv, There is such a long fie-fie story about that, i860 Trollope Framley P. vi, One or two fie-fie little anecdotes about a married lady. 1873 St. Paul's Mag. Jan. 9 She was rather fifi. Hence Fie-fie sb., a woman of tarnished reputa¬ tion. Fie-fie v. a. intr. To say Fie I b. trans. To say Fie! to. 1820 Lady Granville Let. 25 Aug. (1894) I. 164 A mixture of .. Dowager Lansdowne, fye-fyes, and venerable peers. 1836 Libr. Fiction I. 371 In ‘fie, fieing ’ the excesses of divers gentlemen. 1892 Punch 13 Aug. 72/2 Purists may fie-fie, or sneer. + Fiel, a. Obs. [perh. a survival of ME. Fele a. 2] Comfortable. 1792 Burns Bessy 3* Spinntn Wheel 4 Frae tap to tae that deeds me bien And haps me fiel and warm at e’en! 1808 A. Scott Poems (ed. 2) 193 Her blankets air’d a’ feil an' dry. Field (f/ld), sb. Forms : 1-2 feld, 3-6 feild(e, feld(e, 3 feeld, south . veelde, vald(e, (5 falde, feald), 3-4 south. veld(e, 3-5 felt(e, fild(e, (5 fyld(e), 4-6 feeld(e, 6-7 fielde, 6- field. [Com. WGer.; OE .feld str. masc. corresponds to OFris. and OS. feld masc. (MDu. veil, Du. veld neut.), OHG. feld (MHG. velt , mod.Ger. feld) neut. OTeut. *fel}u-z masc., *feipu neut. Not found outside WGer., the Sw. fait, Da. felt being from Ger. ; but the Finnish pello field is believed to have been adopted from prehistoric Teut. or pre-Teut. Prob. related by ablaut and Verner's law to OE. folde earth (see Fold sb. 3 ); it is uncertain whether the Teut. *fel}ji-, *folddn - are formed with t suffix from a pre-Teut. root pel, represented in OS 1 . poPe plain, field, or belong to the Aryan root pelth or Pelt, whence Skr. prthivi earth, Gr. 7rAarv9 broad.] I. Ground; a piece of ground. + 1 . Open land as opposed to woodland ; a stretch of open land ; a plain. Obs. c 1050 ByrhtfertlCs Handboc in Anglia VIII. 299 On }>aere stowe se a$ela feld us ^earcode swete hunij. a 1123 O. E. Citron, an. 1112 Swifle wistfull on wudan and on feldan. c 1200 Ormin 14568 Wude, & feld, & dale, & dun. 1297 R- Glouc. (1724) 565 To wodes & to feldes [hii] hulde horn day & nizt. a 1300 Cursor M. 3608 (Cott.) Bath in feild and in forest, c 1386 Chaucer Knt.'s T. 664 That feld hath eyen, and the woode hath eeres. ? a 1400 A rthurjfli J>e feltes fulle of men yscleyn. 1538 Starkey England 1. ii. 52 Wyld Feldys and wodys. 1593 Marlowe in Pass. Pilgr. xix, Hilles and vallies, dales and fields. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 759 They, .strew’d his mangled Limbs about the Field. + b. with reference to that which grows upon the surface. Obs. a 1000 Boeth. Metr. vi, Weaxa# hraSe feldes blostman. c 1200 Ormin 9225 Itt wass hunb off J> e feld. a 1300 E. E. Psalter cii[i]. 15 Als blome of felde sal he [man] welyen awa. a 1300 Cursor M. 6080 (Cott.) Letus wild, }>e quilk }>at groues on J> e feild. 1382 Wyclif Luke xii. 28 The hey which to day is in the feeld. c 1449 Pecock Repr. 1. vi. 28 The feld is the fundament of the flouris. 1611 Bible Gen. ii. 5 Euery plant of the field. + 2. The country as opposed to a town or village. Obs. exc. arch, or dial. c 1400 Rom. Rose 6237 Fulle many a seynt in feeld & toune. c 1400 Gamelyn 672 He moste nedes walke in felde J>at may not walke in towne. 1526 Tindale Mark xv. 21 They compelled.. Simon of Cerene (which cam out of the felde).. to bear hys crosse. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. 11. i. 238 In the Towne, and Field You doe me mischiefe. 1862 Bor¬ row Wild Wales III. 160, I don’t think your honour is a Durham man either of town or field. b. That part of the open country which is hunted over (perh. originally transf. from sense 8). Cf. hunting field. 1732 Law Serious C. xii.(ed. 2) 190 The next attempt after happiness carry’d him into the field, .nothing was so happy as hunting. 1801 Strutt Sports <$• Past. 1. i. 6 King John was particularly attached to the sports of the field. 1864 Field 2 July 0/3 His [the huntsman’s] character in the field . .has given the highest satisfaction. + 3 . The territory belonging to a city. Cf. L. ager. a 1533 Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Anrel. (1539) 140b, In the felde of Elinos, vnder a marble, is the pouders of Sysifo Seteno. 1572 J. Jones Bathes of Bathu. 11b, The hot wellse, in the fielde of Padua. 4 . Land or a piece of land appropriated to pasture or tillage, usually parted off by hedges, fences, boundary stones, etc. Often with defining word pre¬ fixed, as clover -, com-, hay-, turnip-, wheat-field. c 1025 Interl. v. Rule St. Benet (1888) 73 Geswinc felda gif hi nabbaS munecas. c 1220 Bestiary 401 [De fox] go$ o felde to a furg. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7798 Feldes were vol of come echon. 1382 Wyclif Ruth ii. 2 Y shall goo in to the feeld and gedre eeris. <1449 Pecock Repr. 275 Feeldis . .in which, .thei hem silf tilien. 1578 Lyte Dodoens iv. lvi. 516 That with the pale .. flowers groweth in drie medowes, and in the feeldes also. 1657 Austen Fruit Trees 1. 56 The Flanders Cherries bear well in Orchards and Feilds. 1765 A. Dickson Treat. AgricAed. 2) 94 There is scarcely a field, in which we will not observe weeds of the two first kinds. 1840 Dickens Barn. Fudge iv, Fields, .through which the New River took its winding course. b. pi. The fields , used in collective sense. For¬ merly sometimes = 2 (cf. F. les champs) or 2 b. a 1533 Ld. Berners Hnon Ixxxvii. 276 He was in the feldes a hawkynge. 1561 Norton & Sackv. Gorboduc v. ii, Chil¬ dren..play in the streetes and fieldes. 1611 Beaum. & Fl. King No Khig 11. ii, How fine the fields be, what sweet living 'tis in the Country ! 1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. III. iv. xiv. § 51 The fields !. .All spring and summer is in them. c. Common, open field : see those words. d. A piece of ground put to a particular use, as bleach, campmg,printfield : see Bleach, etc. 5 . An extent or tract of ground covered with or containing some special natural formation or pro¬ duction. Chiefly with defining word, as coal , diamoiid, gold, oil fields : see those words. 1859 Cornwallis New World I. 55 Bowls filled with the precious metal, and.. labelled with the name of the field from which it was taken. 1875 Wood & Lapham Waiting for Mail 39 You’ve tried the best Victorian fields. 6 . The ground on which a battle is fought; a battle-field. More explicitly field of battle, coiifiict , t fight ; field of ho 7 iour. a 1300 Cursor M. 6432 (Cott.) Wit israel was left ]>e feild. a 1400-50 Alexander 450 pan foundis Philip to \>e fy3t & he fild entres. c 1460 Fortescue Abs. <$• Lint. Mon. ix, The Erlis of Lecestir and Glocestre .. toke hym and his sonne risoners in the ffelde. 1592 R. D. Hypnerotomachia 22 nstruments of war., for the field. 1604 Shaks. Oth. 1. iii. 85 They haue vs’d Their deerest action, in the Tented Field. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 11. 378 As Legions in the Field their Front display. 1718 Lond. Gaz. No. 4739/3 The Quarter-Masters of the Army are gone to mark a Field of Battel. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) III. 102 The victor is obliged to fight several of those battles before it remains undisputed master of the field. 1824 W. Irving T. Trav. I. 52 My forefathers have been dragoons, and died on the field of honour. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 658 These three chiefs..fled together from the field of Sedgemoor. 1851 E. S. Creasy 15 Decisive Battles (1864) 22 The Greeks could not stand before the Persians in a field of battle. 1863 Kinglake Crvnea (1876) I. xi. 182 The English Ambassador remained upon the field of the conflict. b. fig. 1340 Ayenb. 131 A ueld of uiy3t huerinne him behouep eure to .. wy}te mid dyeulen. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 72 b, Well exercysed in the feelde of vertues and holy workes. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 56 Before we leaue the field, it shall not be amisse to disparkle all the forces of our aduersaries. 1724 Swift Drapier's Lett. Wks. 1761 III. 75 He is so far master of the field, that no London printer dare publish any paper written in favour of Ireland. 1775 Sheridan Duenna 1. iv, If I could hamper him with this girl, I should have the field to myself. 1848 H. Rogers Ess. I. vi. 322 To drive the sophists from the field. 1886 B. L. Farjeon Three Times T. 1, I bade her good-day, and left Captain Bellwood in possession of the field. c. Phrases : To keep, mainiam the field: to con¬ tinue the fight, lit. and fig. Also (chiefly^/g'.) To co7tquer the field', to gain one's point. To hold the field : to hold its ground ; not to be superseded or displaced. To leave (another ) the field: to give up the argument or contest. To leave the field open : to abstain from interference. a 1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 21 Ye wylle speke riotesly.. therfor y wille leve you the felde. 1673 Dryden Marr. a la Mode 11. i, This tongue, .may keep the field against a whole army of lawyers, c 1686 Roxb. Ball. (1886) VI. 125 He conquer’d the field: Then they both were united. 1724 Swift Drapier's Lett, iii, His Majesty, pursuant to the law, hath left the field open between Wood and the Kingdom of Ireland. 1855 Prescott PhilipII, 1. ii, Four knights were prepared to maintain the field against all comers. 1870 Tennyson Pelleas <$• Ettarre 161 All day long Sir Pelleas kept the field With honour. 1887 A. Birrf.ll Obiter Dicta Ser. 11. 66 The last edition will, .long hold the field. 7 . In wider sense: The country which is to be, or has become, the scene of a campaign ; the scene of military operations, hi the field : engaged in military operations. To keep the field : to remain in the ‘ field *; to keep the campaign open. To take the field : to commence military operations ; to open the campaign. a 1612 Sir R. Cecil Let. in Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 61 They will, learn the strength of the Rebels, before they dare take the field. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. 11. xxix. 174 The forces of the Commonwealth keeping the field no longer. 1676 Temple Let. to Pr. of Orange Wks. 1731 II. 410, I did not believe Your Highness would do any thing in those kind of Affairs till Your Return from the Field. 1724 De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1830) 10 All the military part of the court was in the field. 1769 Junius Lett. ii. 13 A sincere . .attachment to his King and Country, .first impelled him to the field. 1835 I. Taylor Spir. Despot, iii. 85 Their [the Greek people’s] eye was directed, .to the senate or the field. 1852 T hackekay Esmond 111. i, Esmond .. took the field .. under Webb’s orders. 1863 H. Cox lnstit. hi. viii. 713 An army in the field abroad. tratisf and fg. 1614 Saul Chesse-play xi. {heading), All the men being in the field. 1831 Brewster Neu$5) II. xiv. 3 The greatest mathematicians of the age took the field. 8. A battle ; now 7 *are exc. in such phrases as A hard-fought, hard-W 07 i field. A single field: a single combat. Also to fight, \give, lose , + inake , will (a, the) field. Hence, + Victory, esp. in to get, have the field. ? a 1400 A rtluir 480 The falde was hys & Arthourez. c 14^5 Torr. Portugal 213-5 Of the fynd the maystry to haue, Of hym to wyn the fyld.. Of hyme he wane the fyld J>at day. 1473 Warkw. Chron. 6 The Walschmenne loste the felde. 1484 Caxton Fables of AEsop ill. iv, The egle. .gat the feld and vaynquysshed. .the bestes. 1487 Wriothesley Chron. (1875) I. 2 A feild that they made againste the Kinge. 1502 Arnolde Chron. (1811) p. xxxiv, A felde.. bytwene the Kynge and y e Duke of Yorke. 1535 Coverdale i Macc. x. 50 A mightie sore felde..continuynge till the Sonne wente downe. 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) II. 43 Ennimes .. of sic strenth and multitud that he micht not weil geif thaim feild. 1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 25 The commons .. made a felde agaynst the kynge and lost it. 1586 Warner Alb. Eng. iv. xx. (1589) 89 The Danes .. got the feeld. 1596 Shaks. Merch. V. 11. i. 26 This Symitare.. wpn three fields of Sultan Solyman. 1605 Verstegan Dec. Intell. v. (16281 128 Battailes or Foughten Fields. 1667 Milton P. L. i. 105 What though the field be lost ? x8i6 Byron Ch. Har. m. xlix, In their, .single fields, What deeds of prowess unre¬ corded died ! 1843 Prescott Mexico (1850) I. 293 Many a bloody field was to be fought. transf. 1862 J. Pycroft Cricket Tutor 77 Every old player will, .recall many a hard-fought field. + b. Order of battle, disposition of men in the field. Phrases, To pitch, set a field, to choose one^ battle-ground, to dispose one J s men for fighting; to gather a field, to collect an armed force. 1502 Arnolde Chron. p. xxxiv, Y e Duke of Yorke set his felde at Brent Heth. £1540 Order in Battayle Avij, Let him study to breake hys [foe’s] felde. X548 Hall Chron . K. Hen. VI, An. 4. 96 b, That my saied lorde of Winchester, intended to gather any feld or assemble people, in troublyng of the kynges lande, and against the kinges peace, a 1562 G. Cavendish Wolsey (1893) 274 Who pitched a feld royall ayenst theme. 1600 Holland Livy vi. xv. 226 Either part beholding their captaine, as it were in a pight field. 1678 Wanley Wond. Lit. World v. ii. § 32. 470/1 Nicephorus .. was slain in a pitch’d Field against the Bulgarians. + c. Officer of the fields Field-officer. General of the field: the general commanding in a battle or campaign. Obs. 1590 Nashe Pasquil's Apol. 1. Diij, Equal in respect of theyr fight in .. battailes, as the Generali of the fielde and the common Souldiours are. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. vii. (1703) II. 269 There were, .above twenty Officers of the Field, .slain upon the place. 9 . r With mixture of sense 4: An enclosed piece of ground in which some outdoor games are played, as cricket, football field: see Cricket, etc.; also ellipt. with sb. to be supplied from the context. a X788 Canning in 4 Bat ’ Crick. Man.{ 1850) 36 The poet will be equally circumstanced in the field. 1849 Laws of Cricket ibid. 57 No substitute in the field shall be allowed to bowl. 1882 Daily Tel. 12 June, Neither Spofforth nor Boyle were in the field. b. Baseball. The ground in which the fielders stand, divided into Infield and Outfield. 1875 Encycl. Brit. III. 406/2 The theory of the game [Base ball] is that one side takes the field, and the other goes in. 1891 N. Crane Baseball vi. 45 The pitcher is the only player whose position on the field is prescribed by the rules, 193 FIELD FIELD. 10 . collect. Those who take part in any outdoor contest or sport. a. Sporting. Also, in restricted sense : All the competitors in a race except the favourite. To bet, back, lay against the field : to back one (often one’s own) dog, horse, etc. against all other competitors. 1771 P. Parsons Newmarket II. 149 Camillus against the field, for a hundred guineas. 1872 Lever Ld. Kilgobbin Ixx, Ret on the field—never back the favourite. 1885 Truth 2S May 853/2 The Great Northern Handicap, .brought out a better field than usual. 1888 Daily News 29 June, Pillarist was backed against the field. transf. and Jig. i860 Gen. P. Thompson AudiAlt. III. cxxxiii. 101 To speak up for ‘ Victor Emmanuel against the field’. 1884 Sat. Rev. 2 Feb. 139 An historical prize will bring together a much larger * field ’. b. Hunting. Those who take part in the sport. To lead the field : to be first in the chase. 1806-7 J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) 111. iv, In hunting . .while you are leading the field. 1830 Greville Mem. Geo.'IV (1874) II. xiii. 77 The field which had been out with the King’s hounds. 1841 J. T. Hewlett Parish Clerk II. 15 The hounds and huntsman, with the field at their heels. 1890 Sat. Rev. 1 Feb. 135/1 Fields of hunting and riding men are very large. c. Cricket . The * side * who are 4 out ’ in the 1 field *; see 9 ; also the players on both sides. 1850 ‘ Bat’ Cricket Man. 51 The disposition of the field depends entirely upon circumstances. 1857 Hughes Tom Brown 11. viii, The ball..sticks .. in the fingers of his left hand, to the utter astonishment of himself and the whole field. 1859 All Year Round No. 13. 305 Our field worked like tigers. 1862 Sporting Life 14 June, On the reappear¬ ance of the ‘field’, H. H. Stephenson took the wicket. 1882 Daily Tel. 24 Tune, The first over was sent down, .by Pal¬ mer., his field being arranged thus. 11 . Cricket and Baseball. One who stands on the field ; one of the side that is 4 out ’; a fieldsman ; also in names descriptive of his position in the field, e.g. in Cricket, \ Long field to the hip (see quot.). Long field (t straight ) off, on (see quots.; now usually long off\ on). Ln the long field: at the position of long field off or on. In Baseball: Ln- f out-, right-y centre-, left- field. 1830 Miss Mitford Village Ser. iv. (1863) 174 That exceed¬ ingly bad field .. caught him out. 1833 J. Nyren Yng. Cricketer s Tutor (1893) 47 Long fields straight on, should stand at some distance out from the bowler’s wicket, to save two runs. Ibid.y Long field to the hip. The fieldsman must stand out to save two runs opposite to the popping, crease. Ibid., Long field, straight off, should be an active man.. His station is on the off-side between the bowler and the middle wicket. 1850 ‘Bat’ Cricket Man. 48 Long Field Off, On. 1859 All Year Romul No. 13. 305 Southey ..a good bowler and ‘field’. 1889 Pauline\\\l. 24 The out-going batsman ..ought to have been caught in the long field. Ibid. t A good long field. II. An extended surface. 12 . A large stretch ; an expanse : a. of sea, sky, etc. 1608 Shaks. Per. 1. i. 37 Without covering, save yon field of stars. 1697 Drydf.n Virg. Georg, iv. 103 The nimble Horsemen scour the Fields of Air. 1732 Pope Ess. Man 1. 41 Yonder argent fields above. 1813 Shelley 0 . Mab iv. 20 The orb of day.. o’er ocean’s waveless field Sinks sweetly smiling, i860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. vn. iv. 140 note. De¬ tached bars, darker or lighter than the field [of cloud] above, b. of ice or snow. 1813 Bakewell Introd. Geol. (1815) 55 Vast masses of rock ..are sometimes enveloped in fields of ice. 1818 Sir J. Les¬ lie in Edin. Rev. XXX. 16 North IVest Passage , A very wide expanse of it [salt-water ice] they call a field. 1887 Ruskin Prxterita II. 178 The snows round .. are the least trodden of all the Mont Blanc fields. c. of immaterial things; cf. 15. 1577 Googe H eresbacJi s Husb.(1586)1.1 Whatdivinitie there is in it, and what a feeld of the acknowledged benefits of God, you have heard. 1590 Greene Never too late (1600) 60 Loue had .. wrapt him in a field of woes. 1712 Black- more Creation vi (1818) 203 Who can this Field of Miracles survey. 1847 L. Hunt Men Women <$* B. II. xi. 265 He discloses to us the whole field of his ignorance. 1867 A. Barry Sir C. Barry vi. 190 The whole field of English history. 13 . The surface on which something is portrayed. a. Her. The surface of an escutcheon or shield on which the ‘ charge ’ is displayed. Also the surface of one of the divisions in the shield. c 1400 Destr. Troy 6290 Hys feld was of fyn gold, freche to behold, With [>re lyons launchond. c 1435 Torr. Portugal 1120 Sir Torrent ordenyth hym a sheld, It was ryche in every ffeld. 1572 Bossewell Armorie 11. 56 The field is parted per fesse embattyled. 1610 Guillim Heraldry 11. ii. (1660) 52 The Field is the whole Surface, .of the Shield over¬ spread with some Metall, Colour, or Furre, and compre- hendeth in it the Charge. 1705 Hearne Collect. 12 Dec., The Arms..are A field Jupiter. 1802 Rees Cycl. s.v. Bar, When the field is divided into four, .or more equal parts, it is then blazoned, barry. 1859 Tennyson Elaine 661 Sir Lancelot’s azure lions. .Ramp in the field. fig. 1593 Shaks. Lucr. 72 This silent warre of Lillies and of Roses, .in her faire faces field. 1607 Hieron IVks. I. 414 A field of sincerity, charged with deedes of piety. b. The groundwork of a picture, etc. 1634 J. Bate Myst. Nat. Sf Art iv. 162 How to make white letters in a blacke Feild. Take [etc.]. 1695 Dryden tr. Du Eresnoy's Art of Painting xlv. 51 Let the Field, or Ground of the Picture, be clean. 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lamps vi. § 14. 175 Shadow is frequently employed as a dark field on which the forms are drawn. C. Numism. (See quot. 1876.) 1876 Humphreys Coin-Coil. Man, vii. $2 The field.,is the VOL. IV. plain part of the coin not occupied by ihe principal figure or type. 1879 H. Phillips Notes Coins 6 The setting sun is illumining with his rays the whole field of the medal. d. Of a flag : The ground of each division. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk. 301 The flags of the British navy were severally on a red, white, or blue field. + 14 . Green field : the green cloth of a counting house. Obs. (Can this be the sense in quot. 1599 ?) 1470 Liber Niger in HouseJi. Ord. (1790) 51 And suche dayes as the Kings chappell removeth, every of these children then present receveth iiiir/. at the grene feald [MSS. in Brit. Mus. read seald, fald\ of the countyng-house for horse hyre dayly, as longe as they be journeying. [1599 Shaks. Hen. V, 1. iii. 17 His Nose was as sharpe as a Pen, and [? read on] a Table of greene fields.] III. Area of operation or observation. 15 . An area or sphere of action, operation, or investigation; a (wider or narrower) range of opportunities, or of objects, for labour, study, or contemplation ; a department or subject of activity or speculation. 1340 Ayeitb. 240 Huanne oure lhord wolde by uonded of J?e dyeule : he yede in-to desert, uor he desert of religion : is ueld of uondinge. 1580 Sidney Arcadia 1. (1622) 19 A very good Ora or might have a fair field to use eloquence in, if [etc.], k 26 Bacon Sylva § 228 As for the increase of Vertue generally.. it is a large Field, and to be handled by it self. 1674 Owen Holy Spirit (1693) 82 A large and plain Field doth here open it self unto us. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 160 F 4 This. .Failure .. opens a large Field of Raillery. 1750 Beawes Lex Mcrcat. (1752) 2 The wide field for trade that now lies before us. 1807 T. Thomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 143 A very interesting field of investigation, a 186a Buckle Civiliz. (1873) III. v. 350 The philosopher and the practical man. .each is in his own field, supreme. b. (without a ox the.) Scope, opportunity, extent of material for action or operation. ? Obs. 1664 Dryden Rival-Ladies 111. i,Thou hast not field enough in thy young breast, To entertain such storms to struggle in. 1681 Temple Mem. m. Wks. 1731 I. 343, I thought I had Field enough left for doing them good Offices to the Duke. 1719 Swift To Yng. Clergyman, The matter .. will afford field enough for a divine to enlarge on. 10 . The space or range within which objects are visible through an optical instrument in any one position. 1747 Gould Eng. Ants 32 Kill her, and . . place her Body on the Field of a Microscope. 1765 Maty in Phil. Trans. LV. 305 It filled the field of the telescope. 1812-6 J. Smith Panorama Sc. Sf Art I. 474 The visible field is .. twenty degrees in diameter. 1871 Tyndall Frag)n. Sc. (1879) II. xiii. 307 Organisms, .shooting rapidly across the microscopic field.. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch <$• Clockm. 102 A very superior achromatic glass, .giving a. .flat field, b. Field of observation, view or vision: the space to which observation, etc. is limited. 1812-6 J. Smith Panorama Sc. <$• Art II. 718 The whole field of view through the foot-wide arch. 1817 Chalmers Astron. Disc. ii. (1852) 53 That circle by which the field of observation is enclosed. 1855 Bain Senses < 5 * Int. 11. ii. § 3 The eye can take in a wide field at once. 1859 Reeve Brittany 236 They are not seen in the picture, being much to the left of our field of view. 1862 Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) VI. Iii. 300 The field of vision is overclouded. fig. 1877 E. R. Conder Bas. Faith ii. 83 No scintillation of its existence twinkles within the field of our knowledge. 17 . Physics. The area or space under the influ¬ ence of, or within the range of, some agent. To be in , out of the field: see quot. 1884. Magnetic field : any space possessing magnetic properties, either on account of magnets in its vicinity, or on account of currents of electricity passing through or round it. 1863 Tyndall Heat ii. § 35 (1870) 37 The exact equivalent of the power employed to move the medal in the excited magnetic field. 1881 Maxwell Electr. Sf Magn. I. 45 The electric field is the portion of space in the neighbourhood of electrified bodies, considered with reference to electric phe¬ nomena. 1884 Watson & Burbury Math. Th. Electr. Sf Magn. I. 48 In physics a body which is within the range of the action of another body is said to be in the field of that other body, and when it is so distant from that other body as to be sensibly out of the range of its action it is said to be out of the field. IV. attrib. and Comb. 18 . General relations : a. simple attrib. (sense 1), as field-dew , -flower ; (sense 2), as field-crafty -dweller, - honour , - mate , - pastime, -properties (of a greyhound), -smelly -tent, (senses 2 and 4) field-trial ; (sense 4), as field-crop, -gate, -hedge y -husbandry, -path , -rent, - road , -seed, -stones ; (sense 7), as field-battalion, -cap , -duties, -equip¬ ment, -evolutions, -exercise, -insignia, -movements, -service, -troops, -watch . b. objective (sense 4), as field-purging ppl. adj. c. locative (sense 4), as field-faring ppl. adj. 1875 G. P. Colley in Encycl. Brit. II. 596/1 An infantry regiment [in the Prussian army] has three "field battalions. 1888 Sir M. Mackenzie Frederick the Noble viii. 140 He wore the ample blue cloak of the Prussian Cavalry, with fur cape and "field cap. 1887 Pall Mall G. 26 Sept. 5/2 No one. .expects to fill his bag save by "field-craft, i860 Gosse Rom. Nat. Hist. (1866^ 105 The injuries done, .in our "field- crops. 1889 Daily News 16 Dec. 7/1 Indian agricultural field crop seeds. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. v. i. 422 With this "field dew consecrate. 1844 Regul. $ Ord. Army 127 Sub¬ ordinate Officers understand their "Field Duties. 1575 in Russia at close 16th C. (Hakluyt Soc.) Introd. 9 The .. Tartars are barbarowse and "fyilde dwellers. 1808 Welling¬ ton in Gurw. Desp. IV, 29 A "field equipment with a pro¬ portion of horses. 1875 G. P. Colley in Encycl. Brit. II. 579/2 The war establishment of a field equipment troop is 6 officers and 233 men. 1853 Stocqueler Milit . Encycl., A regiment is .. instructed in the "field exercise and evolu¬ tions. 1892 Pall Mall G. 8 Dec. 2/1 A sketch of "fieldfaring women. 1653 Walton Angler 214 "Field-flowers, .perfum'd the air. 1825 Lytton Falkland 59, I see him .. gathering the field-flowers. 1891 S. C. Scrivener Our Fields 4* Cities 33, I was .. glad to see the horse turning towards a "field- gate. 1823 in Cobbett Rur. Rides (1885) I. 399 A "field- hedge and bank. 1737 M. Green Spleen (1738) 5 "Field- honours .. Atchiev'd by leaping hedge and ditch. 1760 J. Eliot {title), Essays upon "Field-Husbandry in New Eng¬ land. 1823 J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 34 This stick, or baton, .became the "field insignia of a general. 1786 Burns Brigs of Ayr 36 The feather’d "field-mates, bound by Na¬ ture’s tie. 1798 Wellington in Gurw. Desp. 1 .12 Wellesley ..practising them in combined "field movements. 18.. Wordsw. Sonnets (1838) 151 To chase mankind, with men in armies packed For his "field-pastime. 1722 De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 66 It was agreed to spread from the "field* path to the road way. 1847 Mary Howitt Ballads 294 Through old field-paths we’ll wander. 1883 Chamb. Jrnl. 305 The. ."field properties of a greyhound. 1601 Weever Mirr. Mart. E vj b, "Feeld-purging Februarius. 1580 Hollyband Treas.Fr. Tong, C ham part, "fielde rent. 1864 H. Spencer Illustr. Univ, Progr. 418 While along the "field- roads .. the movement is the slowest. 1888 Daily News 11 Sept. 2/5 A fair amount of business is now being trans¬ acted in "field seeds. 1656 J. Harrington Oceana 57 The Youth for "field-service .. armed and under continual Discipline. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 118 On field service.. the same duties are enjoined. 1818 Shel- ley Rosalind mo "Field smells known in infancy. 1799 J. Robertson Agric. Perth, "Field stones..were gathered off the land, where it seemed to be fit for tillage. 1892 Jrnl. Archaeol. Inst. No. 194. 155 Small field-stones concreted with sticky gravel. 1755 Smollett Quix, (1803) IV. 174 Among these trees we have pitched some "field-tents. 1849 Johnston Exp. Agric. 60 Such "field-trials as appear to me likely to throw light upon it. 1875 G. P. Colley in Eficycl. Brit. II. 595/2 "Field troops [in the Prussian army] in peace time form the standing army. 1871 Daily News 13 Jan., The last intermittent French "fieldwatch is definitely ascer¬ tained to have quitted Bondy. 1883 Seebohm Eng. Village Comm. i. (1884) 4 A common "fieldway gives access to the strips. 19 . Prefixed to the names of many animals, birds, and insects, often in the sense of 1 wild to indicate a species found in the open country as opposed to house or town, as field-ass, -cricket, -mouse, -rat, -slug, -spider ; field-duck, the little bustard (Otis tetrax) found chiefly in France; field-finch (see quot.); field-lark (Alauda arvensis); field- martin (Tyrannus carolinensis ); field-plover ( US.), a name for two species of plover, and for a sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda ); field-spar¬ row (U.S.) (Spizella pusilla or S. agrestis ); field- titling, ^-tortoise {jocular), -vole (see quots.). 1382 Wyclif Jcr. ii. 24 A "feld asse vsid in wildernesse. 1600 E. Blount Hosp. Inc. Footes A iv, Those "field- Crickets. play the parrats so notably. 1868 Wood Homes without II. viii. 161 The black-bodied Field Cricket (Acheta campestris). 1892 W. H. Hudson La Plata 185 The "field- finch, Sycalis luteola. 1580 Barf.t A Iv. M 531 A "field mouse with a longsnoute. 1861 Mrs. Norton Lady LaG.ni. 69 The small field-mouse, with wide transparent ears, Comes softly forth. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 60 b, The roote of Myrrhis dronken in wyne helpeth the bytynges of "feldespyders. 1647 H. More Song of Soul iv. vi, Unlesse that wiser men make’t the field-spiders loom. 1864 J. C. Atkinson Pro¬ vincial names of Birds, " Field Titling , sb., Prov. name for the Tree Pipit, Anthus arboreus. 1708 Motteux Rabelais iv. lxiii, A "Field-Tortoise, alias , eclip’d a Mole. 1868 Wood Homes without H. xxxi. 598 The Short-tailed Field Mouse otherwise termed Campagnol or "Field Vole (And- cola an'ensis). 20. In many names of plants growing in the fields, as field-bindweed, -forget-me-not, -mush¬ room, -rhubarb, etc.; field-ash (Pyuts aucu- parid) ; field-basil: see Basil 1 2 ; fleld-brome- grass (Bromtis arvensis ); field-cypress: see Cypress 1 2 b; field-kale (Sinapis arvensis) ; field-madder, + (a) rosemary, ( b ) a common modern book-name for Sherardia at vensis ; field- nigella or nigel-weed (. Lychnis Githago) ; field- southernwood (Artemisia campestris); field- weed (Ant hem is Cotula, also Erigeron philadel- phicum) ( Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884); + field-wood, ? gentian (? = OE.fcldwyrt). 1578 Lyte Dodoensv I. lxx. 748 'Feelde Ashe. 1866 Treas. Bet. 118 * Field balm, Calamintka Nefieta. 1825 Loudon Encycl. Agric. § 4962. 798 The *field-beet, commonly called the mangold-wiirzel. 1861 Miss Pratt Flower. Pi. IV. 17 ♦Field Bindweed, .this plant is one of the most troublesome weeds. 1846 J. Baxter Lilr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 369 The .. ♦field-hrome grass .. is found in some of the best pastures. Ibid. I. 151 The..large red * Field Carrot, was the only variety employed for agricultural purposes in Eng. land. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. xviii. 28 Called.. in English.. Ground Pyne. .and 'field Cypres. 1867 Sowerby Eng. Bot. VII. 105 *Field Forget-me-not. 1861 Miss Pratt FJower. PI. IV. 6 ’Field Gentian, .contains in every part of it some of the tonic bitter principle common to the tribe, c 1000 Durham Gloss, in Sax. Lecchd. III. 305/1 Rosmannutn, sun deav St bothen & 'feld medere. i86t Miss Pratt Flower. PI. III. 144 Field Madder, Corolla funnel-shaped. 1832 Veg. Subst. Food 331 The *Fie!d Mushroom .. is the only species, .cultivated in this country. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 11. xi. 160 Cockle or *fielde Nigelweede, hath straight .. stemmes. 1591 Percivai.l Sp. Diet., Leche degallina , white ♦field onion. «868 Hereman Paxton's Bot. Diet., 'Field Rhubarb, 1838 Clarke in Proc, Berw. Nat. Club I. 163 25 FIELD 194 FIELD-BOOK, The bank was.. enamelled with.. the barren Strawberry and the “Field-Rush. i86t Miss Pratt Flower . PI . IV. 48 “ Field Scorpion-grass .. the whole plant is rough with spreading bristles. 1597 Gerarde Herbal n. ix. § 3. 190 Common Mustarde, or “fielde Senuie. 1776 Withering Brit . Plants (1796) III. 709 * Field Southernwood. 1861 Miss Pratt Flower . PI . III. 262 Field Southernwood .. is a very rare plant .. The involucre is of a purplish-brown colour. 1826 Miss Mitford Village Ser. 11. (1863) 411 The “field-star of Bethlehem,—a sort of large hyacinth of the hue of the misletoe. 1393 Gower Con /. II. 262 The “feldwode and verveine. Of herbes ben nought better tweine. 1861 Miss Pratt Flower . PI . III. 159 *Field Woodruff, .the flowers are bright blue. Ibid. V. 300 “ Field Wood Rush .. a common plant, .has a straight unbranched stem. 21 . Special comb.: field-abbot (see qnot.); field-allowance, an allowance to an officer, and sometimes to a private, on active service, to meet the increased expenses attendant thereupon ; field- artillery, light ordnance fitted for travel and for active operations in a campaign; + field-bar, the border or limit of the field in a telescope (see 16); field-battery, a battery of field-guns; -j- field-battle, a sham-fight ; f field-beast, an animal used for draught or for ploughing, in pi. cattle; f field-bishop,transl. Fr. eveque des chanips, one who is hanged in chains; ffield-breadth, -brode, a short distance ; field-cannon = field piece ; field-carriage, the carriage for a field-gun, its ammunition, etc.; field-club, an association for the study of Natural History by outdoor observa¬ tion ; field-colours {Mill), small flags for marking out the ground for the squadrons and battalions ; also the colours used by an army when in the field (cf. camp colours) ; field-cornet, ‘ the magistrate of a township in the Cape colony ’ (Simmonds, 1858); whence field-eornetey, the territory under the jurisdiction of a field-cornet; field-culverin, a culverin for use in the field of battle (cf .field-piece)-, + field-deputy, a representative attached to an army in the field; field-derrick (see quot.); f field- devil, used by Coverdale, after Ger. feldteufiel (Luther), as transl. of Heb. sve-irtm (A.V. * satyrs ’); field-dressing, appliances for dressing a wound in the field ; field-driver (see quots.); j- field-fight, a fight in the open, a pitched battle ; field-fleck, ? nonce-wd., a ‘spot’ of land ; f field- foot, ? the right foot (of a hawk) ; field-fort (see quot.); field-fortification, the constructing of field-works ; also concr. a fieldwork ; field-geolo¬ gist, a geologist who studies by observation in the field ; field-gun = field-piece ; whence field- gunner ; field-hand, ( a) a slave who works on a plantation ; (1 b) a farm-labourer; field-hospital, (a) a moving hospital; an ambulance; (b) a tem¬ porary hospital erected near a field of battle; field-ice, ice that floats in large tracts; f field- keeper, a scarer of birds from cornfields; field- kirk ( Antiq. ; repr. O.E. feldcirice) a chapel or oratory in the fields ; field-lens = Field-glass 3 ; field-lore, knowledge gained from the fields; field-magnet (see quot.); f field-man, one who lives or works in the fields, (a) a field labourer, a peasant, also at/rib. ; ( b) a lover of field sports; + field-mark, a badge or mark for identification in the field; field-master {Hunting), master of the hounds ; field-naturalist, a naturalist who studies by outdoor observation; field-net v., trails, to catch (ground game) with nets in the fields; field-notes, notes made in the field, e.g. by a surveyor, naturalist, etc. ; field-park, ‘ the spare carriages, reserved supplies of ammunition, tools, etc. for the service of an army in the field ’ (Wilhelm Mil. Diet.) ; field-piece, a light cannon for use on a field of battle ; f field-place, a level place, a plain; cf. Fieldyo. ; field-plot, {a) a plan of a field or piece of land drawn to a scale; ( b) a plot of land;. + field-pondage (see quot.); field-practice, * military practice in the open field ’ (Ogilv.) ; field-ranger (see quot.); whence, field-ranging vbl. sb., attrib. (see quot.); field-reeve (see quots.); field-roller, a roller drawn over a ploughed field to crush the clods and level the ground; + field-room, -roomth, open or un¬ obstructed space; also fig .; f field-sconce, a de¬ tached earthwork; f field-separation, collect, in Sc. Hist, separatists who attend field-conventicles; field-show = pield-trial ; field-sketching, ‘ the art or act of sketching in plan rapidly, while in the field, the natural features of a country’ (Cass.); field-sports, outdoor sports, esp. hunting; + field- staff (see quots.) ; t field-teacher, an instructor in military exercises; field-telegraph, one used in military operations; field train (see quots.); field- trial, a trial in the open field, esp. of hunting-dogs, t field-ware, produce of the fields; the crops; field-whore, a ‘ very common whore ’ (Halliwell) ; field-wife, {a) nonce-wd. (see quot. and Gen. xxxiv. 1, 2) ; (b) = next; field-woman, a woman who works in the fields; ci.field-man; f field-word, a battle-cry, a watch-word. Also, Field-con¬ venticle, Field-day, Field-marshal, etc. 1833 Penny Cycl. I. 13/1 “Field-Abbots .. were secular persons, upon whom the sovereign had bestowed certain abbeys, for which they were obliged to render military service. 1853 Stocqueler Mi lit. Encycl., Certain extra allowances are granted to them [officers], according to their several ranks, and these are denominated “field allow¬ ances. 1644 Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 123 Two pieces of “field-artillery upon carriages. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Ediic. III. 308 The broad distinction between the field-artillery and the garrison-artillery. 1771 Maskelynf. in Phil. Trans. LXI. 538 Let ENWS .. represent the “field-bar of the telescope. 1875 tr. Comte do Paris' Hist. Civ. IVar Amer. I. 450 Several “field-batteries erected in the vicinity of the arsenal. 1697 Luttrell Brief Eel. (1857) IV. 255 On Wensday next will be .. a “feild battle. 138a Wyclif Num. xxxii. 26 Oure .. “feeldbeestis, and howsbeestis we shulen leeue. 1660 R. Coke Power Sf Sub/. 183 A freeman who hath Field-beasts valued at thirty pence, shall pay a Peter-peny. 1708 Motteux Eabelais, Pantag. Prognost. v, One of those Worthy Persons will go nigh to be made a “Field-Bishop, and, mounted on a Horse that was foal'd of an Acorn, give the Passengers a Blessing with his Legs. 1535 Coverdale 2 Kings v. 19 He was gone from him a “felde bredth in the londe. — Gen. xxxv. 16 Whan he was yet a “felde brode from Ephrath. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. V. xix. v. 505 With only “field-cannon. 1871 t title i, Transactions of the Newbury District “Field Club. 187s G. C. Davies {title), Rambles and Adventures of our School Field-Club. 1721 Bailey, *Field colours. 1812 A. Plumtre Lichtenstein's Trav. I. 67 “Field-cornet .. a magistrate who decides in the first instance little disputes that arise among the colonists. 1863 W. C. Baldwin A/r. Hunting 231, I was asked by a field-cornet what I had in my wagon. 1890 Pall Mall G. 20 Jan. 2/1 Her [the Dutch housewife’s] brandy liqueur is the praise of the county—or rather the * “field-cornetcy. 1684 J. Peter Siege Vienna 109 Long “Field-Culverin. 1706 Loud. Gas. No. 4280 Messieurs Van Collen and Cuper, two of their High Mighti¬ nesses “Field-Deputies. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 838/2 * Field-derrick, one used for stacking hay in the field. 1535 Coverdale 2 Chron. xi. 15 He founded prestes to y- hye places, & to “feldedeuels. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., *Field- dressing. 1826 Cushing Newburyport 119 “Field Drivers, Moses Somerby, Charles Toppan. 1835 Municip. Corp. 1st Rep. App. iv. 2109 The Field Drivers [of Bedford] perform the duties of a hay ward, i860 Bartlett Americanisms, Field-driver, a civil officer, whose duty it is to take up and impound swine, cattle, sheep, horses, etc. going at large in the public highways [etc.]. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. II. II. xlviii. 229 Hog reeves (now usually called field drivers). 1600 Holland Livy 129 Rather a competent guard for defence of the campe, then a sufficient power to maintain a “field-fight. 1653 H. More Antid. Ath. in. xii. (1712) 124 Field-fights and sea-fights seen in the Air. 1892 Miss J. Barlow Irish Idylls iii. 32 A meagre “field-fleck and a ramshackle shanty on the hill’s wan grey slope. 1681 Lotul. Gaz. No. 1610/4 Lost..a Tarsell Gentle with .. the hind Pounce of the “Field-Foot lost. 1775 Ash, “ Field-fort, a fort towards the field ; a fort thrown up in a field. 1851 J. S. Macaulay Field Fortification 6 Those .. only wanted for periods not exceeding one or two campaigns . .are termed “Field Fortifications. 1856 Olmsted Slave States 46 Able-bodied “field-hands were hired out .. at the rate of one hundred dollars a year. 1879 Froude Caesar ix. 91 These slaves were not ignorant field hands. 1701 Loud. Gas. No. 3713/3 Their “Field-Hospital is arrived here. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 635 Movable field hospitals .. to be made of tents. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. II. 13 The “field-ice is of two or three fathoms thickness. 187s Bf.dford Sailor s Pocket-bk. iv. fed. 2) 118 The limits of field-ice in March extend from Newfoundland to the Southward as far as 42 0 N. latitude. 1620 Markham Farew. Husb. (1625) 95 If your ^Field-keeper .. doe vse to shoot off a Musket, or Harquebush, the report thereof will appeare more terrible to these enemies of corne. 1772 T. Simpson Vermin Killer 19 Field-keepers are necessary Just before the corn is ripe, a 1035 Lazvs Cnut, Eccl. ix. iii. (Thorpe), *Feld-cirice, (>aer le^er-stow ne sis, mid J>rittisum scillingum. 1857 Mrs. Gaskell C. Bro?ite (i860) 4 It is probable that there existed on this ground a field-kirk .. in the earliest times. 1837 Goring & Pritchard Microgr. 207 The said slider-holder, with its *field-lens. 1891 S. P. Thompson Dynamo-El. Mach. (ed. 4) 2 Every dynamo, .consists of two essential parts, a * field-magnet, usually a massive stationary structure of iron surrounded by coils of insulated copper wire, and an armature .. The function of the field-magnet is to provide a inagnetic field of great extent and intensity, c 1440 Secrees 154 Wylde letus J?at *feldmen clepyn skarioles. 14.. Voc. in Wr.-Wflicker 692 Hec rustica , a feldman wyfe. c 1475 Babees Bk. (1868) 7 Kutte nouhte youre mete eke as it were Felde men. c 1575 Balfour's Practicks (1754) 536 Feild-men quha has mair nor four ky. 1811 Sir P. Warwick in Hone Every-day Bk. II. 146 He was. .a laborious hunter, or field- man. 1689-90 Proc. agst. French in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 478 A detachment, .landed .. the*field-mark being matches about their left arms. 1680 Lond. Gaz. No. 1525/4 A brown bay Gelding, .a Field mark of Tar on the Hip. 1893 Daily Tel. 14 Nov. 5/5 Lord Robert Manners, .was acting as *field- master. 1789 Montagu Let. in G. White Selborne (1877) II. 236 You are a *field-naturalist. 1890 J. Watson Confess. Poacher v. 62 In *field-netting rabbits, lurchers are equally quick, i860 Bartlett A mericanisms, * Field-notes. 1875 G. P. Colley in Encycl. Brit. II. 579/2 All tools and im¬ plements for a company of engineers, and a ‘^field-park*. *59 ° J* Smythe Concern. Weapons 35 And the next day he entered the towne and brought in foure and twentie *field peeces. 1863 Kinglake Crimea (1876) I. xiv. 276 A couple of field-pieces stood pointed towards the barricade. 1382 Wyclif Luke vi. 17 Jhesu..stood in a *feeld place. 1659 Burton's Diary (1828) IV. 470 All original maps, *field- plots, and field books. 1884 Mag. Art Mar. 215/2 The velvety green of spring-watered field-plots. 16x2 Sturte- vant Metallica (1854) 96 * Field-pondage, is a kind of Pipeage, which, .conueigheth. .water into seuerall pastures .. and fields, and .. leaueth a pond of water for cattle and beasts to drink in. 1885 Pall Mall G. 17 June 6/1 ‘ *Field Rangers’is a term applied to ‘speculative builders * of the lowest class. 1892 Labour Commission Gloss., * Field-ranging Houses, hastily and badly built structures erected on the outskirts of all large towns and cities by ‘jerry-builders'. 1617 Nottingham Fee. IV. 354 Ouer- seers of the feild or * Field Reeues. 1881 2nd Suppl. Cumbrld. Gloss., P'ield Reeve, a person having charge of a stinted pasture belonging to different owners. 1607 Row¬ lands Famous Hist. 48 We will not make our prison in this place, As long as there is *field-room to be got. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. xii. 204 Falling backe where they Might field-roomth find at large, their ensignes to display. 1672 Dryden Conq. Granada iv. i, Which Hearts, for want of Field-room, cannot bear. 1673 — Marr. a-la-mode 11. i, It is tolerable when a man has field-room to run from it. 1688 Capt. J. S. Fortification 123 *Field-Skonces, and others Forts with Ramparts. 1680 G. Hickes Spirit of Popery Pref. 1 Scottish-Nonconformists, especially those of the ^Field-Separation. 1851 J. S. Macaulay Field Fortif 245 It is presumed that the beginner in Afield-sketching has already learned to copy plans. 1674 Essex Papers (Camden) I. 210 * Field sports, of w 1- * 1 I have ever bin a Lover. 1814 Scott Wav. iv, Field-sports.. the chief pleasure of his own youthful days. 1721 Bailey, * Field staff, a Staff carried by Gunners, in which they skrew lighted Matches. 1847 Craig, Field-staff\ a weapon carried by gunners, about the length of a halberd, with a spear at the end, having on each side ears screwed on, like the cock of a matchlock, where lighted matches are contained when the gunners are on command. 1623 Bingham Compar. Rom. <$• Mod. Warres Xijb, Where are our * Field-teachers? Where is our daily meditation of Armes ? 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 839/1 The *field-telegraph of the German army consists of [etc.]. 1875 G. P. Colley in Encycl. Brit. II. 597/2 The field telegraph detachments .. are trained in peace time to everything connected with telegraphy. 1816 C. James Milit. Diet. s.v. Train, * Field-train, a body of men con¬ sisting chiefly of commissaries and conductors of stores, which belong to the Royal Artillery. 1864 Burton Scot Abr. I. iv. 156 A field-train of unusual strength for those times. 1562 J. Heywood Pro7>. <$• Epigr. (1867)75 AFeelde ware might sinke or swym. 1750 Ellis Mod. Husbandm. II. ii. 136 The farmer’s corn, and other of his field ware. £1475 Piet. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 794 Hec rustica, a *fyld- wyfe. 1591 H. Smith Prep. Marriage 35 Not a street-wife, like Thamar, nor a field-wife, like Dinah ; but a house-wife. 1891 T. Hardy Tess I. 171 A field-man is a personality afield; a *field-woman is a portion of the field. 1645 in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1701) iv. I. 42 The AField-word for the King was Queen Mary'. For the Parliament God our Strength, a 1693 Urquhart Rabelais iii. x. 83 Apollo was the Field-word in the. .Day of that Fight. Field (fTld), v. [f. prec. sb.] 1 . intr. To go into the field (see Field sb. 2 ); of a pigeon: To obtain its food from the field. 1868 Darwin Anim. PI. II. 32 Highly improved breeds of the pigeon will not ‘ field ’ or search for their own food. 2 . trans. a. To leave (corn) in the field to harden, b. transf To expose (malt-wash or gyle in casks) to the action of the air and sun to promote oxidation. 1844 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. V. 1. 267 [The oats] after being well fielded, were thrashed immediately. + 3 . a. intr . To ‘ take the field ’ (see Field sb. 7) ; to fight, b. trans. To fight with. Obs. 1529 Lyndesay Compl. 355 And feildit vther, in land and burgh. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 598 How King Mal- colme and the Danis feildit agane. 1536 Bellendf.n Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 135 It was defendit .. to feild the Romanis with plane battall. 1590 Spenser F. Q. 11. vi. 29 Who, soone prepaid to field, his sword forth drew. 4 . intr. To bet on the field (see Field sb. 10 a) against the favourite. 1886 Daily News 4 June 3/3 A marked disposition to ‘ field ’ on the Grand Prize of Paris. 1890 Ibid. 19 June 6/1 The professionals fielded staunchly. 5 . a. intr. To act as fielder in base-ball, cricket, etc. b. trans. To stop and return (the ball). 1824 Miss Mitford Village . Ser. 1. (1863) 41 Batting, howling, and fielding, as if for life. 1880 S. Lakeman What I saw in Kafiir-Land 57 They fielded for the cannon-shot.. as though they were cricket-balls. 1883 Daily Tel. 21 Aug., The ball being sharply fielded at cover-point. Mod. Well fielded, Sir 1 Fieldage (frlded^). rare. [f. as prec. + -age.] (See quot.) 1880 Jersey Weekly Press 23 Oct. 21/6 The fieldage or twelfth sheaf.. upon a portion of land situate on the said fief. FieTd-bed. 1 . A portable or folding bed chiefly for use in the field ; a camp or trestle bedstead. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Fr . Tong., Lict de camp, a fielde bed. c X590 Greene Fr. Bacon v. 10 A fair field-bed with a canopy. 1709 Strype Ann. Ref I. Iv. 604 The Spanyard .. made his brags, that he had turned the English ensigns into Spanish field-beds. 1728 De Foe Capt. Carleton (1841) 33 He ordered his field-bed to be put up near the powder. 2 . A bed in the open field or upon the ground. 1592 Shaks. Rom. <$• Jul. 11. i. 40 lie to my truckle bed, This Field-bed is to cold for me to sleepe. 1645 G. Daniel Poems Wks. 1878 II. 42 The night is fled, and Daye’s best Chorister Kickes his feild-Bed with Scorne. 1754 A. Murphy Gray s-lnn Jrnl. No. 100 He was making his Brags that he had been in a Field-bed with a young Lady, whose Brother was present. attrib. 1599 Massinger, etc. Old Law iv. ii, A * strumpet * and a ‘whore*. .And such fine field-bed words. Field-book. 1 . A book for use in the field, a. The book in which a land-surveyor notes down the measurements as taken in the field, FIELD-CONVENTICLE. 1616 A. Rathborne Surveyor 136 The order of making of a necessary and fitting Field-booke. 1685 Petty Will p. vii, Maps and field-books, the copies of the Downe-survey. 1777 Barmby Inclos. Act 9 A proper field book of the said town¬ ship. 1807 Hutton Course Math. II. 64 Enter the measures in a field-book. b. A botanist’s or naturalist’s book for preserv¬ ing collected specimens while in the field. 1848 W. Gardiner Flora of Forfarshire 56 To preserve good specimens, the collector would require to be provided with a field-book. 1849 Balfour Man. Bot. § 1229 (1855) 659. 2 . (See quot.) 1853 Lytton My xNovel in. xxix, My great-grandfather kept a Field-Book, in which were entered, .the names of all the farmers, and the quantity of land they held. Fiedd-conventicle. An open-air religions meeting. See Conventicle 4 c. 1678 Marvell Corr. ccclxi. Wks. 1872-5 II. 631 They [the Scots] still continue their .. field conventicles, a 1715 [see Conventicle sb. 4 c]. a 1806 C. J. Fox Hist. 129 The punishment of death .. had formerly attached upon the preachers at field conventicles only. transf 1711 Shaftesb. Charac. (1737) I. 2T If we had .. grave officers and judges, erected to restrain poetical licence . .we shou'd have field-conventicles of lovers and poets. Hence Fie ld-conve nticle v. t intr ., to frequent or hold field-conventicles. Fie ld-conve nticler, one who attends or frequents field-conventicles. 1680 G. Hickes Spirit of Popery Pref. 3 They [the Scotch] began to Field-Conventicle. Ibid. 67 Juspopulivindication y and Naphthali are the Pocket-books of the Field-Conven- ticlers. 1687 Lond. Gaz. No. 2221/1 Those Enemies of Christianity as well as Government and Humane Society, The Field Conventiclers. Fie'ld-day:. 1 . Mil. A day on which troops are drawn lip for exercise in field evolutions ; a military review. 1747 Scheme Equip. Men of War 32 These periodical Intervals of eating and drinking .. are to the Citizens as it were Field Days, for improving, .their Valour. 1832 Regul. Instr. Cavalry in. 62 Almost every movement at a Field Day should be followed by an Advance in Line. 1869 E. A. Parkes Prod. Hygiene (ed. 3) 624 Our present field-days represent the very acme and culminating point of war. b. transf. and fig. A day occupied with brilliant or exciting events. 1848 Thackeray Bk. Snobs xx, The mean pomp and ostentation which distinguish our banquets on grand field- days. 1857 Hughes Tom Brozvn 11. viii. This terrible field- day passed over without any severe visitations in the shape of punishments. 1864 Knight Passages Work. Life I. i. 200Thursday, .is to be a great field-day in the Commons. 2 . A day spent in the field. a. Hunting . A day on which the hunt meets. X823 Byron Juan xm. cviii, Sometimes a dance (though rarely on field days, For then the gentlemen were rather tired). b. * A day when explorations, scientific investiga¬ tions, etc., as of a society, are carried on in the field’ (Cent. Diet.). Fielded (frlded), ppl. a. [f. Field v. -t- -ED !.] 1 . Engaged in a field of battle ; fighting in the open field, as opposed to * protected by a fort \ 1607 Shaks. Cor. 1. iv. 12 We with smoaking swords may march from hence To helpe our fielded Friends. 1808 J. Barlow Columb. v. 760 Untrench’d.. they dare oppose Their fielded cohorts to the forted foes. 2 . Cricket. Of a ball: Stopped and returned from the field. Also transf. 1884 Anstey Giant's Robe xxxviii, ‘ I can hold on till the night itself, Bertie, my boy!’ with a cleverly fielded yawn. Mod. That was a well fielded ball! t Fie’lden, a. and sb. Obs. Also fieldon(e. [f. Field sb. + -en 4 .] A. adj. 1 . Level and open. 1604 Edmonds Obscrv. C&sar's Comm, no Footemen are not onely of importance in fielden countries, but are neces- rarie also in mountenous or woodie places. 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 15 Wheat in the Fielden Country is subject to Mildews. 2 . Consisting of fields. 1623 Favine Theat. Hon. in. ii. 336 The whole Uniuersitie being then a fielden and woodie Wildernesse. 3 . Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the field (see Field sb. 2) ; rural, rustic. 1620 tr. Boccaccio's Decameron 161 Of a fielden clownish lout he would needs now become a judge of beauty. 1620 Brinsley Virgil 58/2 Now will I meditate a fielden Muse (viz. a pastorall song) with my slender reed. 1623 Favine Theat. Hon. vii. xiii. 271 With Fagot-sticks they erected a poore Fielden Lodging. B. absol. or sb. Field land. 1621-51 Burton Anal. Mel. 11. ii. in. 261 Our Townes are generally bigger in the woodland than the fieldone. 1649 Blithe Eng. Improv. Impr. (1653) 15 Those that use to fetch their seed out of Chilterne into other parts or Countries of the Fieldon. 1712 J. Morton Nat. Hist. Northampt. 7 Tillage-land, or Fielden. Fielder (frldar). [f. Field sb. and v. + -eu i.] + 1 . One who works in the field (see Field sb. 4). Obs. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xviii. 103 Folke bojze sowers [v. r. felders] and shupmen. 2 . Sporting. One who backs the field against the favourite. 1853 Whytf. Melville Digby Grand I. vi, I accommodate a vociferous fielder with six to four in hundreds. 3 . Cricket and Baseball. = Fieldsman. 195 Fieldfare (ffldfe>u). Forms: 1 feldeware, 4-7 feld(e)fare, (4 feldyfare, feldifer, 5-7 fel(e)fare, 6 feldifair, 7 felfar, feldefer, veldo- fare, 8 feldifire, 9 fell-fare, dial, felverd), 7- fieldfare. [ME .feldefare (4 syll. in Chaucer):—? OE. *feldefai'e (miswritten feldewar , only once oc¬ curring). Of obscure formation; app. it means * field-goer i. field Field + far - (see Fare v.) ; but the presence of the middle syllable is not accounted for, and this, with the divergent spelling in theOE. gloss, suggests possibility of corruption from popular etymology. Not related to OE. feala-, feolnfor, of unknown origin, in glosses rendering onocrotalus (pelican), forphyrio (some water-bird), and tora.v (of unknown meaning). This must have been the name of some large bird.] A species of Thrush ( Tio-dus pilaris ), well known as a regular and common autumnal visitor through¬ out the British Islands. rtiioo Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 287 Scorcltus , clodhamer and feldeware. c 1325 Gloss, in Rel. A nt. IL 78 The feldefare, la greue. c 1350 Will. Palerne 183 Fesauns & feldfares. c 1381 Chaucer Pari. Foules 364 The frosty feldefare. c X450 Holland Howlat 228 The Feldifer in the forest. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 25 a, At the tyine of yeare the feldefares fede only of Iuniper berries the people Fate the feldefares undrawen. 1634 T. Johnson Parey's Chirurg. xxv. xxii. (1678) 621 It feeds on pepper, as the.. Felfars with us do upon Ivy-berries, a 1670 Hacket A bp. Williams 1. (1692) 82 Such long wing’d hawks were not to be cast of to fly after field¬ fares. 1694 Acct. Sweden 7 Small Birds, .of the bigness of Veldefares. 1785 Cowper Needless Alarm 20 Berries. .With which the field-fare, wintry guest, is fed. 1810 Scott Lady of L. 111. v, The fieldfare framed her lowly nest. 1852 M. Arnold Poems y Tristram Iseult , Hollies ..With scarlet berries gemm’d, the fell-fare’s food. attrib. x68i Chetham Anglers Vade-m. xxxv. § 3 (1689) 227 The Feather of a Felfare quill. b. Proverb. (See Farewell int. 2 b.) c 1374, c 1400 [see Farewell]. 1560 Holland Crt. Venus IV. 71S Gude nicht now feldifair, Fair on fond fuill. Fieldful (frldful). ff. Field sb. + -ful.] As much as will grow in a field. 1889 Comb. Mag. July 51 A single frost will turn a whole fieldful black. Fie’ld-glass. [f. Field sb. + Glass.] 1 . A binocular telescope for use in the field. 1836 Wellington Let. 8 Oct. in Stanhope Conversations, I send you one of my field-glasses. 1880 Ouida Moths I. 20 A prolonged gaze through a friend’s field-glass. 2 . ‘ A small achromatic telescope, usually from 20 to 24 inches long, and having from three to six joints’ (Ogilv.). 3 . That one of the two lenses forming the eye¬ piece of an astronomical telescope or compound microscope, which is the nearer to the object glass. 1831 Brewster Optics xli. 340 A larger lens than any of the other two, called the field-glass. 1867 J. Hogg Microsc. 1. ii. 40 An amplifying lens by which the field of view is en¬ larged. .is. .called a field-glass. Fielding, sb. dial. [f. Field sb. + ? -ing 1 ; but cf. Fielden.] (See quot.) 1847 Jml. R. Agric. Soc. VIII. 11. 265 The north-west sandy districts or fieldings. Fielding (ff-ldiq), vbl. sb. [f. Field v. + -ing 1 .] 1 . The action of the vb. Field. a. The action or process of exposing corn, malt, etc. to the action of the air. Also attrib. 1848 Jrtil. R. Agric. Soc. IX. ii. 501 The wheat is harvested much greener..Six or seven days is as much fielding as is usually given. X875 Urf. Diet. Arts III. 1076 When fielding is resorted to [in making vinegar], it must be commenced in the spring months .. The fielding method requires a much larger extent of space .. than the stoving process. + b. The action of taking the field or fighting. 1526 in Pitcairn Crim. Trials I. 237* Ffor. .Insurrectioune and Feilding aganis Johne Duke of Albany. c. Cricket and Baseball . The action of stopping or recovering and returning the ball. 1859 All Year Round No. 13. 306 Their fielding was first- rate. 1862 J. Pycroft Cricket Tutor Si Long-stopping re¬ quires clean fielding. 1884 H. C. Bunner in Harper s Mag. Jan. 299/1 Somebody will do a little neat fielding [in base¬ ball]. 2 . Cot?ib. y +fielding-piece = field-piece ; field- ing-plane, 1 a plane used in sinking the margin round a panel * (Jam.). 1582-8 Hist. James VI (1804) 132 They .. came .. in sicht of thair enemie, with twa feilding peeces of guns. 1646 in Rushw. Hist. Coll. in. I. 400 The Army followed up after the Fielding Pieces. t Fieldish, a. Obs. ff. Field sb. + -ish.] a. Inhabiting the fields, b. Level and open. a 1541 Wyatt 1 My Mothers maides ’ 2 They sing a song made of the feldishe mouse. 1587 M. Grove Pelops <$■ Hipp. (1878) 31 If there be any wyght that mindes to trye By course of charets on the fieldish playne. Fieldite (frldoit). Min. [f. Field, name of the geologist who first examined it + -ITE.] A variety of tetrahedrite. 1868 Dana Min. 104 Kenngott has named it Fieldite. j- Fie'ld-lamd. Obs. a. A level plain. OE. only. b. Level and unenclosed land. c 1000 .Kli-hic Deut. i. 7 Kara]* to Amorrea dune & to ojrrum feld landum. 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 35 Champain or Field-land. 1707 Mortimer I/nsb. 234 Field Lands are not exempted from Milldews. 1710 Lond. Gaz. FIELDWARD. No. 4674/7, 63 Acres of .. Pasture inclosed, and 80 Acres of Field Land. r Fie;ld-ma*rslial. [After C.feld-mar sell all] The title of a military officer of high rank. 1 . In continental armies (=»Ger \feldm arse hall, F. marie hat de camp). In 16th c. and early 17th c., an officer subordinate only to the ‘ captain-general ’ or ‘ general and charged with the control of the encampment and sustenance of the army. As in the case of other designations of military rank, the application greatly changed in the 17th and follow¬ ing centuries. At present, in German-speaking countries and in others (e. g. Russia) which have adopted the term, it is the highest military title, superior to that of general. [1579 Digges Stratioticos 126 As shall be ordayned by the Marshals of the fielde. a 1587 Garrard Art War (1591) 234 The high Marshall of the fielde, ormaister of the Campe.] X614 Selden Titles Hon. 325 The Tribuni Militum (as it were, Field Marshalls). 1701 Lond. Gaz. No. 3692/2 Count Muttoni.. is entred into the Emperor’s Service, who has made him Lieutenant Field-Marshal-General. 1706 Ibid. No. 4201/2 Field-Marshal-General Herbeville continued there. 1710 Whitworth Acc. Russia (1758) 66 He was made Prince of the Empire in 1706.. and Felt Marshal in 1709. 1848 W. H. Kelly tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten V. I. 475 The Russian army . . had passed under the command of Field-marshal Paskewitch. 2 . In the British army, a general officer of the highest rank. The title was first conferred in 1736 (see quot.); since then the army has always had a few field-marshals, either mem¬ bers of the royal family or generals who have rendered dis¬ tinguished services. The Army List for 1894 gives the names of six officers of this rank. 1736 Gent. Mag. VI. 56 D. of Argyle, and E. of Orkney, Field-Marshals of Great Britain. 1844 Regul. $ Ord. A ?’mv 29 A Field-Marshal is to be saluted with the Standards and Colours of all the Forces, except the Horse and Foot Guards. Hence Fie ld-Ma rshalship. 1855 »n OgiLvie Suppl. 1864 in Worcester (citing Q. Rev.). Fie'ld-mee ting. [f. Field sb. + Meeting.] + 1 . A hostile meeting in the open air; a duel. 1603 H. Crosse Vcrtucs Commit k (1878) 14 Whose hot bloud. .cannot be cooled without reuenge and field-meetings. 2 . A religious meeting in the open air. Hist. 1649 G. Daniel Trinarch ., Hen. V 1 vii, The first S ts .. Had such feild-meetings. 1818 Scott Hrt. Midi, xv, He.. had been present at a field-meeting at Crochmade. 1882 J. Taylor Sc. Covenanters 72 The bishops sought .. to deter the people from frequenting the field-meetings. Hence Field-meeter, one who attends or fre¬ quents field-meetings (sense 2). 1680 Hickeringill Meroz 20 No Thanks .. to the Con¬ venticlers and Field-meeters, they show’d their good Will. Fie‘Id-night. A night marked by some im¬ portant gathering, discussion, etc. Cf. Field-day. 1861 Falkirk Herald 2 Mar., Yesterday night was a field night..the beauty of Falkirk was in the Corn Exchange. 1880 Trevelyan Early Hist. Fox v. 196 The debate was remembered as the greatest field night .. for a generation. Field officer. ‘ An officer above the rank of captain, and under that of general ’ (Stocqueler). 1656 J* Harrington Oceana 127 A .. field-officer shall be elected .. by the Scruteny of the Council of War. 1724 Lond. Gaz. No. 6310/2 All the Field Officers having the Honour of being admitted to his Table. 1804 Wellington in Gurw. Desp. III. 549 A field officer shall not hold an office upon the staff, i860 Tyndall Glac. 138 One peak stood like a field-officer with his cap raised above his head. Hence Field-o’fficerism. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. (1857) II. in. v. vi. 310 Spanish Field-officerism struck mute at such cat-o’-mountain spirit. Fieldon, var. Fielden sb. Obs. Fiedd-pre'acher. [f. Field sb. + Preacher.] One who preaches in the open air. 1688 in Ellis Orig. Lett . Ser. 11. IV. 148 Balfour ..is a Scotch field-preacher. 1755 Connoisseur No. 86 The spirited harangues of our .. field-preachers. 1839 Stonehouse Ax- holme 209 He [Wesley] commenced field preacher; and itinerancy followed as a natural consequence. Fie:ld-preaching. [f. Field sb. +.Preach¬ ing.] The practice of preaching in the open air; an instance of this. 1739 Wesley Wks. (1872) 1 .185 Our Lord’s Sermon on the Mount (one pretty remarkable precedent of field-preaching). 1814 Scott Wav. xxxv, Have you .. left a great part of your command at a field-preaching? 1882 J. Taylor Sc. Cove¬ nanters 72 At first, these field-preachings were peaceable. Fieldsman (frldzm&n). [f. Field sb. + Man.] a. Cricket. One of the side which is in the field; a fielder, b. (See quot. 1823.) 1823 ‘ Ion Bee’ Slang 206 Fieldsmen (turf)—those who make it a rule to give odds against the favorite, or any particular horse; they are considered very knowing. 1824 Miss Mitford Village Ser. 1. (1863) 176 An uncertain hitter, but a good fieldsman. 1850 ‘Bat* Crick. Man. 40 The positions of the Fieldsmen are arranged according to efficiency. 1881 Daily News 9 July 2 A possible catch to a more plucky fieldsman. Fieldspar, obs. form of Feldspar. Fieldward, -wards (frldwgid, -z), adv. [f. Field sb. + -ward(s.] Towards the fields, in the direction of the fields. 1820 Keats Isabella xxxix, Glossy bees at noon do field, ward pass. 1862 Calverley Verses tf Tr. 82 Fieldward winds the lowing herd. 1866 Cari.yle Remin. (1881) I. 277 My commonest walk was fieldwards. 25-2 FIELD-WORK. 196 FIERCE Fie ld-wo rk. [f. Field sb. + Work.] 1 . Work done in the field or in the fields. 1777 Robertson Hist. Amer. (1783) III. 277 In Peru .. negroes..are employed in field-work. 1844 Marc. Fuller Worn. igth C. (1862) 35 Those who think it impossible for negresses to endure field-work. 1851 J. S. Macaulay Field Fortif. 245 The beginner in field-sketching .. should com¬ mence his field-work in a road. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. x. 109 Mr. Kennedy, .used October and November for Arctic field-work. 1891 N. Crane Baseball vi. 43 There is no depart¬ ment of the game so full of life, .as field work. 2 . Mil. A temporary work or fortification thrown up by troops operating in the field. 1819 Rees Cycl ., Field-works are. .for the most part, formed by the excavation of the soil. 1851 J. S. Macaulay Field Fortif. 169 The manner of attacking field-works is very different from that employed in the attack of fortresses. + Fieldy, a. Obs. [f. Field sb. + -y L] 1 . Level, open ; exposed. c 1380 Wyclif Serrn. Sel. Wks. 1 . 214 [Crist] stood in a fieldi place, c 1449 Pecock Rcpr. 280 In the feeldi placis of Moab. 1576 Fleming tr. Cains' Dogs in Arb. Garner III. 238 In fieldy lands rather than in bushy and woody places. 1598 Florio, Piaggioso.. fieldie. 2 . That grows in or inhabits the fields. 1382 Wyclif Wisd. xix. 18 Feeldi wilde thingus in to watri ben turned. 1598 Florio, Camporeccio , fieldie, that growes in the fields. 3 . Forming a field or fields. Cf. Field sb. 12 a. 1598 Sylvester Dh Bar/as n. i. iv. Handic-Crafls 451 In fieldy clouds he vanisheth it away. Fiend (find). Forms: 1-2 feond, north, fiond {pi. fiend, fynd, feond, fond, north, fiond, fion- das ; dat. sing, fiend, fynd, fdonde), 3-4 feond {pi. feond, fiend, feondes), (3 feont, fond, south. veond), 2-7 fend(e, (3 fent), 3-6 find(e, 3-7 feind(e, (4 south, vyend), 4-6 feynd, fynd(e, (5 fynt), 4-7 feend(e, (4 fende, 7 feigne), 8 Sc. Sent, fint, 4-fiend. [Com. Teut.: OE .feond= OFris .ftand, OS. fiond, fiund (MDu. viant, Du. vijand), OHG. fiant (MUG. vicnt, vtnt, mod.G. feind), ON .fjdnde (S\v. fende, Da. fjende), Goth. fijands ; originally the pr. pple. of OTeut. *fijtjan (OE. fiogcan, OHG. ften, ON. fjd, Goth, fijan) to hate. The formation is parallel with that of Friend.] + 1 . An enemy; foe. Ohs. Beowulf 2289 Stone fa aefter stane, steareheort onfand feondes fotlast. ( 975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. v. 43 Hate fine fiond [c 1000 and c 1160 feond]. c 1050 Byrhtfcrth's Hnndboc in Anglia VIII. 323 Geflitgeorne & godes fynd. a 1175 Colt. Horn. 231 Bi tweone frend and fend, a 1225 Ancr. K. 08 Ueond fet funche 5 freond is swike ouer alle swike. c 1320 R. Brunne Medit. 1124 And fe fende bonde to make to pe. 1340 Ayenb. 19 He ys wel renay fet fet land fet he halt of his Ihorde def into pe hond of his uyende. 2 . spec. The arch-enemy of mankind; the devil. More fully : fiend of hell , foal fiend , old fiend. + Fiend's limb = limb of Satan (see Limb). a xooo Hymns viii. 25 (Gr.) Du fiond jeflsemdest. c 1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 294 Hit eac deah wi)> feondes costungum yflum. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 67 Ure fond nefre ne linnen [cease] for to fonden us mid sunnen. a 1225 St. Marker. 1 Ouercomen ant akasten. .\>e feont. a 1300 Cursor M. 1056 (Cott.) Cairn was b e findes fode. c 1340 Cursor M. 14880 (Trin.) Leuer had J>ei se be fend of helle pen him amonges hem to dwelle. c 1380 Wyclif »SV/. Wks. III. 357 It fallip ofte .. pat a tyraunt and a fendis lyme is put bifore a lyme of Crist. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xxi. 18 Fecche pat pe feond cleymeb. c 1460 Play Sacram. 953, I shalle yow blysse to saue yow alle from the fendis blame. 1515 Scot. Field 598 in Chetharn Misc. (1856) II, What it is to be false, and the finde serve ! 1526 Tindale Luke viii. 29 And was caryed of the fende into wildernes. 1605 Shaks. Lear hi. vi. 9 Beware the foule Fiend. 1667 Milton P. L. x. 233 The Gates, .belching outrageous flame..since the Fiend pass’d through. ^ 1708 Brit. Apollo No. 09. 3/2 Drugs of more Force ..Than e’er was conceiv’d, by tne subtil Old Fiend. 1848 Mrs. Jameson Sacr. <5- Leg. Art (1850) 64 The fiend is the worst part of the picture. b. In forms of asseveration or execration : + The fiend on thee ! The foul fiend ! Also Sc. Fient a ( cram, etc.), fient ane, had — 1 Devil, never a one, crumb, whit’, etc. a 1568 A. Scott Poems (1820) 51 Feind a crum of the scho favvis. 1637 B. Jonson Sad Sheph. 11. ii, O, the feind, and thee ! Gar, take them hence, a 1774 Fergusson Rising of Session Poems (1845) 29 The fient ane there but pays his score. 1787 Burns Twa Dogs 16 The fient a pride, nae pride had he. I bid. 180 Fient haet o’ them ’s ill-hearted fellows. 1818 Scott Br. Lamm, vi, What the foul fiend can detain the Master so long? 3 . An evil spirit generally; a demon, devil, or diabolical being ; more fully fiend of hell. a 1000 Guthlac 392 (Gr.) No baer ba feondas $efeon borfton. C1175 Lamb. Horn. 33 Ah a ber is waning and graming .. and feonda bitinga. c 1250 Gen. <5* Ex. 2961 It was on fendes wise wro}t. c 1386 Chaucer Sornpit. Prol. 10 Ffreres and feendes been but lyte a-sonder. c 1440 Generydes 2520 But suerly they be fendez. 1509 Hawes Conv. Swearers 24 To redeme you from the fendes of hell. 1605 Camden Rem. 7 They yellen as fends do in hell. 1694 F. Bragge Disc. Parables iv. 152 Revenge .. makes a man a fiend incarnate. 1738 Wesley Psalms lvii. 4 Inflam’d with Rage like Fiends in Hell. 1798 Coleridge Anc. Mar. vi, A frightful fiend Doth close behind him tread. 1840 Macaulay Ranke Ess. (1854) 545/1 In the language of Goethe’s scoffing fiend. 4 . transf. a. A person of superhuman wickedness. (Now only with reference to cruelty or malignity.) c 1220 Bestiary 450 For wo so .. < 5 enkeo iuel on his mod fox he is and fend iwis. c 1300 Havelok 2229 He with his bend Ne drop him nouth, that sor fend. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xxiii. 58 Freres folweden bat feonde [Antichrist] c 1475 Rauf Coilyar 892 Fy on that foull Feind [$£. Mahoun]. 1590 Spenser F. Q. 11. vi. 50 That cursed man, that cruel feend of hell. 1799 Campbell Pleas. Hope 1. 327 Where human fiends on midnight errands walk. 1875 W. S. Hay¬ ward Love agst. World 45 He is at times a perfect fiend. b. + A grisly monster (e. g. a dragon) (obs.). Also applied to baleful or destructive influences or agencies personified. c 1400 Destr. Troy 597 It is playnly your purpos . .With suche fyndes to fight. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. i. 22 Whose corage when the feend [the monster Errour] perceivd to shrinke. 1784 Cowper Task 11. 185 He calls for famine, and the meagre fiend Blows mildew from between his shrivel’d lips. c. Applied with jocular hyperbole to a person or agency causing mischief or annoyance. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. in. ii. 11. iv. (1845) 545 If you do but stir abroad, these fiends [sc. women; transl. umbra: in Petronius] are ready to meet you at every turn. 1807-8 W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 305 It is that fiend Politics, Asem —that baneful fiend, which bewildereth every brain. 1870 Lowell Study Wind., Swinburne's Trag. (1871) 162 This sorcery which the fiend of technical imitation weaves about his victims. Mod. The autograph-fiend ; the cyclist-fiend ; the interviewer-fiend ; the newsboy-fiend; the organ-fiend. d. A kind of firework. 1634 J. Bate Myst. Nat. Art 11. 75 How to make fiends, or fearefull apparitions. 5 . attrib. and Comb. : a. simple attrib., as fiend- breed , -face. b. objective, as fiend-compelling , -fraying adjs. c. instrumental, as fiend-begotten, -drawn,-tenanted, -tied adjs. d. originative,as fiend- born adj. e. parasynthetic, as fiend-hearted adj. 1810 Scott Lady of L. iv. v, Aught that .. Yon *fiend- begotten monk can tell. 1802 Scott Thomas the Rhymer in. 18 in Minstr. Scot. Border II. 289 Brangwain was there .. And *fiend-born Merlin’s gramarye. 1586 Warner A lb. Eng. 11. xiii. (1597) 62 Brute .. suppressed so the state Of all the "Fiend-breed Albinests. 1856 R. A. Vaughan Mystics (i860) II. 108 Solomon achieved his ^fiend-compelling wonders by its aid. 1821 Shelley Prometh. Unb. 1. 126 As one checks a *fiend-drawn charioteer. 1879 Browning Ned Brails 56 Horrified, hideous, frank *fiend-faces ! 1664 H. More Myst. Iniq. xviii. 69 The ^Fiend-fraying Holy-water. 1847 Craig, * Ficndhcarted, having a very wicked or depraved heart. 1892 Daily News 21 Sept. 5/5 Who was grasping his *fiend- tenanted fiddle so firmly by the throat. 1754 Armstrong Forced Marriage iv. 1 Misc. (1770) II. 80 My quick revenge Shall burst this *fiend-tied most unnatural knot. t Fie’Ilden, a. Obs. rare. [f. prec. -f- -en L] = Fiendish. C1315 Shoreham 85 I-schelde ous..Fram alle fendene jewyse. 13 .. E. E. Allit. P. B. 224 Fylter fenden folk forty dayez lenebe. + Fie ndful, a. Obs. rare — 1 , ff. as prec .4 -ful.] Proceeding from fiendish agency. C1590 Marlowe Faust. Final Chorus, Faustus is gone, regard his hellish fall Whose fiendful fortune may exhort the wise. 1832 in Webster. Hence Pie*ndfully adv. 1847 in Craig. Fie’ndhead. [-head.] = Fiendship b. 1830 Westrn. Rev. XII. 356 He will find a more flattering treatment of his fiend-head. Fiendish (frndij), a. [f. as prec. + -ish.] Resembling, or characteristic of, a fiend; super¬ humanly cruel and malignant. 1529 More Comf. agst. Trib. 11. Wks. 1187/1 This woman was so fendish. 1798 Coleridge Anc. Mar. vn. 6 It hath a fiendish look. 1801 Southey Thalaba viii. x, Through the vampire corpse He thrust his lance .. And .. Its fiendish tenant fled. 1823 Praed Ti-oubadour 11. 563 And Satan will grin with a fiendish glee. 1871 Freeman Hist. Ess. Ser. 1. 74 The fiendish brutalities practised by him. transf. 1836 Kingsley Lett. I. 35 The wavy lightning glared over the sea with fiendish light. Hence Pie ndislily adv .; Fiendishness. 1613 Bp. Hall Holy Paneg^’ricke 39 Those Dames which vnder a cloke of modestie .. hide nothing but pride, and fiendishnesse. 1801 Southey Thalaba 11. xvii, A smile That kindled to more fiendishness Her hideous features. 1879 Black Macleod of D. viii, A calm and dignified silence is the best answer to the fiendishness of thirteen. Fiendism (frndiz’m). rare- 1 , [f. as prec. + -ISM.] Fiendish spirit or manner. 1852 Ld. Cockburn Circuit Journeys (1888) 380 The wretch maintained his domestic fiendism to the last. t Fie’ndkin. Obs. rare. [f. as prec. + -kin, dim. suffix.] A little fiend or evil spirit. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xviii. 371 Fendes and fendekynes bifor me shulle stande. Fie’ndlike, a. [f. as prec. + -like.] a. Re¬ sembling a fiend, b. Characteristic of a fiend. 1605 Shaks. Macb.v. viii. 69 His Fiend-like Queene ; Who . .by selfe and violent hands, Tooke off her life. 1716 Rowe Ode New Year ip Ev’ry Fiend and Fiend-like Form. 1774 Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry I. 160 The last circumstance recalls a fiend-like appearance drawn by Shakspeare. 1804 J. Grahame Sabbath 591 Their little ones, Tremble beneath the white man’s fiend-like frown ! 1854 J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) I. viii. 150 With fiendlike ferocity they hurled themselves upon each other. Fiendly (frndli), a. [OE. ftondlic , f. feond, Fiend + -lie, -ly L] 11 . Hostile, unfriendly. Obs. After the OE. period perh. always with mixture of sense 2. c 1050 Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 168 Hosticus , net hostilis , feondlic. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 107 [W]e ma3en burh godes fulste ba fondliche sunnan mid icompe ouercuman. c 1205 Lay. 8660 He fusde heom to mid feondliche strengSe. c 1386 Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. <$• T. 750 He semed frendly.. But he was fendly, both in werk and thought. 1470-85 Malory Arthur xvi. xvi, He ranne vpon his broder as a fendly man. a 1529 Skelton Image Hypocr. 346 To feyne yourselves frindley And be nothinge but fyndly. 2 . Resembling or befitting a fiend; fiendlike, devilish, diabolical. c 1386 Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. <5* T. 605 This feendly wrecche. .Out of his bosom took a bechen cole, c 1422 Hoc- cleve Jereslaus ’ Wife 784 It manly is to synne, But feendly is longe lye ther-ynne. 1470-85 Malory Arthur xi. i, An horryble & a fyendly dragon, c 1510 Barclay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) Gv, This is their chiefe study and findly pollicy. 1562 Phaer /Eneid. viii. Y j b, Cacus fiendly sprite. 1801 Southey Thalaba ix. xxvii, * Curse thee ! ’ cried the fiendly woman. 1818 Shelley Rev. Islam viii. xxi, Yes it is Hate, that shapeless fiendly thing. 1831 W ilson in Blackw. Mag. XXX. 554 You talk as if you suspected the Peers of having profited by the Fiendly Advice. Hence Pie’ndliness, the state of being fiendly. i860 Lit. Churchm. VI. 264/1 The ferocious fiendliness to which the whole, .population had been brought. t Fie’ndly, adv. Forms: 1 feondlice, 3 -liche. [OE. feondlice, f. fiond, Fiend + -lice, -ly 2 .] In a fiendly manner, a. Like an enemy, angrily, b. Like a fiend, terribly. a 1000 Juliana 118 (Gr.) Hyre ba burh yrre ageaf andsware fieder feondlice. £1205 Lay. 85 Vt of ban fehte be was feondliche stor, Eneas the due mid ermde at-wond. t Fiend-rese. Obs. [OE. fiondrxs, f. fiond, Fiend + roes, Rese.] Fierce or hostile onset. a 1000 Caedmons Gen. 900 (Gr.) Ic fracoolice feondraes Sefremede. c 1205 Lay. 23960 Frolle him to fusden mid his feond raese. t Fie’nd-scathe. [OE. fiondsca&a, - sceada , f. fiond, Fiend + scada , sceada enemy.] A monster. Beozuulf 554 Me to grunde teah fah feondscaSa. c 1205 Lay. 26039 Aris feond-scaSe to bine saeie-si< 5 e. Fiendship (ffndjip). [OE. fiondscipe, f. fiond, Fiend + - scipe , -ship.] + a. Enmity (obs.). b. [A new formation.] The personality of a fiend. C900 tr. Beeda's Hist. m. xiv. (1890) 208 He .. Raedwaldes feondscipe fleah. c 1205 Lay. 22966 }if on uolke feond-scipe arered an aeur aei time bitweone twon monnen. 1874 M. & F. Collins Frances I. 104 If we may believe his Fiendship. t Fie'nd-slaught. Obs. In 3 feond-slmht. [ME. feond-shrill, {.feond. Fiend + sleeht = OE. sleaht slaughter.] Slaughter of foes. c 1205 Lay. 16456 Fare we heom to-Jaenes & makien feond slaehtes. + Fie*nd-thews, sb.pl. Obs. [ME .fion-fiewxs, f. feon(d, Fiend + deawes, pi. of deaw, OE. deaw manner.] Evil-conduct. c 1205 Lay. 579 Monie bar feollen burh heora feon-Sewaes. Fier, var. of Feer sb . 1 2, Feir, Fehe a. Obs. t Fierce, sb. Her. Obs. (See quot.) 1634 Peacham Gentl. Exerc. hi. 144 This [the Pale] in ancient time was called a ferce y and you should then have blazed it thus, hee beares a fierce Sables, between two fierces, or. Fierce (n^s), a. Forms : 3-6 fers(e, (4 firs), 4-6 fiers(e, fyers(e, 6 fearce, -se, (5 feres, -ys, fuerse, furse, 5-6 feers(e, 6 fayrse, ferse), 3- fierce. See also Feer a. [a. 0 ¥.fers,fiers in same senses, nom. form of fir , fier (mod.F. fier proud) = Pny y.fer, It. and Sp.fiero i—L.ferus wild (of an animal), untamed, fierce.] 1 . Of formidably violent and intractable temper, like a wild beast; vehement and merciless in anger or hostility. Less emphatic, and less associated with the notion of wanton cruelty, than Ferocious, which was never used, like this word, in a good sense (see 2). a. of persons, their dispositions or attributes. <11300 Cursor M. 2197 Nembrot. .was fers, prud, and fell. C1374 Chaucer Anel. < 5 * Arc. 1 Yow fiers god of armes Mars the rede. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 26 Hys syght and regarde fyers & malycyous. 1570 B. Googe Pop. Kingd. 10 With countenaunce ferce and grim. 1607 Shaks. Cor. 1. iv. 57 A Souldier .. not fierce and terrible Onely in strokes. 1667 Milton P. L. 11. 44 Moloc .. the fiercest Spirit That fought in Heav’n; now fiercer by despair. 1712-4 Pope Rape Lock iv. 7 Tyrants fierce that unrepenting die. 1794 Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xxviii, Montoni turned upon him with a fierce and haughty look. 1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms 11. 578 Fierce savage men Glare on them. 1852 Miss Yonge Cameos I. xxxii. 277 Hugh Lupus, the fierce old Earl of Chester, was likewise a Lord Marcher. absol. 1820 Keats Hyperion 11. 251 Thus wording timidly among the fierce. b. of animals. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xv. 300 God sent hem fode bi foules and by no fierse bestes. a 1400-50 Alexander 3922 A beste .. Fere fersere bun an olifaunt. 1583 Golding Calvin on Dent, xlvii. 281 Swine, .bee not so fearce as to fall to rending downe of the tree. 1611 Bible Job x. 16 Thou huntest me as a fierce Lion. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 741 Fierce Tigers couch’d around. 1781 Cowper Retirement 254 Poetry disarms The fiercest animals with magic charms. 1874 C. Geikie Life in Woods v. 84 It is amazing how fierce some of the small snakes are. absol. c 1400 Destr. Troy 888 So be fuerse by-flamede all with fyre hote. t 2 . High-spirited, brave, valiant. Obs. 1297 R* Glouc. (Rolls) 3910 A 1 so be dosse pers Of france were ber echon but so noble were & fers. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. B. 101 Be buy fers, be buy feble for-lotez none. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 2 Next after came the feers manly Danysh nacion. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 74 Oliuer was so fyers of fayt. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon lv. 185 Our man is fyers and of gret FIERCE. 197 FIERY. hardynes. — Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) F viij, A lusty horse fyerse and flingyng. + 3 . Proud, haughty. Obs. Qi.Y.fier. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 272/34 With grete nobleye; swyj>e fierce and proute. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. xlix. (1869) 30 But of yow j haue no neede ; haue your herte neuere more feers. c 1430 ABC 0/Aristotle in Babces Bk. (1868) 11 [Not] to fers, ne to famuler, but freendli of cheere. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, iv. ix. 45 He is fierce and cannot brooke hard Language. 4 . Of natural forces, e. g. fire, wind, etc.; also of passion, disease, conflict, persecution, etc.: Angry, violent, vehemently raging. a 1300 Cursor M. 23239 (Gott.) pa dintes er ful fers and fell, c 1340 / bid. 1854 (Trin.) Aboute fyue monepes hit stode Wipouten falling pat fers flode. c 1350 Will. Paleme 436 Saue a fers feintise folwes me oft. c 1400 Destr. Troy 569 Flamys of fyre han so furse hete. C1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4579 Persecucioun fers and fell. 1490 Caxton Eneydos Ixii. 162 The bataylle was fyerse. 1508 Fisher Wks. (1876) 279 The assautes of deth was fyers and sharpe. 1508 in Arnolde's Citron. (1811) p. xliii, The Duke of Burgon .. was dryuen in to Englond with a ferse streynable wynde. 1611 Bible Jer. xxv. 37 The fierce anger of the Lord. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. 11. 14 The. .Locusts, .fry’d with Heat, Rnd I with fierce Desire. 1708 Pope Ode St. Cecilia 118 Music the fiercest grief can charm. 1799 G. Smith Labora¬ tory I. 9 If the rocket burst as soon as it is lighted the charge is too fierce. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 173 A mind heated by a fierce conflict. 1863 Bryant Poems , Little People ofS?iow 289 Cruel we, Who suffered her to wander forth alone In this fierce cold 1 1874 Deutsch Rem. 419 Two centuries and a half of fierce discussion. 5 . Ardent, eager; full of violent desire ; furiously zealous or active. + Const, for , to, upon, and to with inf. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. v. 67 To affaiten hire flesshepat fierce was to synne. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7260 For to gyue she was full fers. 1513 Douglas VEtieis x. vii. 102 He on cace was fleand fers as flynt. 1601 B. Jonson Poetaster (1602) v. iii, And, Lupus, for your fierce Credulity, One fit him with a paire of larger Eares. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. iv. (1702) I. 239 One of the Fiercest men of the Party. 1654 Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papei's (Camden) II. 149 He is .. fierce for the Duke of Gloucesters returne. 1702 Eng. Tlteophrast. 314 It is not good to be over fierce upon any¬ thing. a 1744 Pope Odyssey vm, Vengeful slaughter, fierce for human blood. 1871 Browning Balaust. 1821 The feast was fierce But brief. 1874 Morley Compromise (1886) 115 The .. fiercest hunt after the grosser prizes, b. dial. Brisk, lively, vigorous. 1877. N. W. Line. Gloss., ‘If thoo’s so fierce ower thee work i’ th’ mornin’ thoo’ll be dauled oot afore neet.' 1881 Leicestersh. Gloss., * Ah’m glad to see ye luke so feece to- dee.* 1886 S. W. Line. Gloss., ‘Oh, they were fierce; they were as merry as crickets.* f 6 . Of a number : Great, immense. Obs . c 1400 Destr. Troy 1617 Fuerse was pe nowmber Of lordes of J?e lond. Ibid. 2271 So fele fightyng folke be a fuerse nowmber. 7 . quasi-adv. = Fiercely. <11300 Cursor M. 1765 (Cott.) pe rain it fell sua fers and fast. 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI, 1. i. 14 Mid-day Sunne, fierce bent against their faces. X771 Goldsm. Hist. Eng. IV. 164 The war .. continued to rage as fierce as ever. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng-. IV. 102 The war, which was now all but extinguished, might blaze forth fiercer than ever. 8. attrib. and Comb .: a. parasynthetic, as fieixe- cyed, faced, -fanged\ -minded, -natured. D. ad¬ verbial, as fierce-descending , -flaming, -looking, -menacing, -rushing ; - trotted . 1735 Thomson Liberty v. 45 By .. No ^fierce-descending wolf .. Disturb’d. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets vii. 227 They will slay me, those. .*Fierce-eyed. .dread goddesses. 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Dcr. IV. liv. no A fierce-eyed tempta¬ tion. 1892 Pall Mall G. 21 Jan. 3/1 These .. *fierce-faced beasts, with their noiseless footfall. 1851 H. Melville Whale xlii. 209 The *fierce-fanged tiger in his heraldic coat. 1740 C. Pitt VEneid xii. 1337 His Eyes, *fierce-flaming, o’er the Trophy roll. <11859 Macaulay Hist. Eng. V. 23 Ac¬ costed by *fierce-looking captains. 1735 Somerville Chase iii. 302 Another pard .. Grins .. *fierce-menacing. 1785 Cruttvvell Bible , 3 Mace. vi. 18 Forgetfulness seized his *fierce-minded confidence. 1625-8 Camden's Hist. Eliz. 11. (1688) 246 This Parsons was .. a violent *fierce-natured man. 1725 Pope Odyss. xxm. 75 A Boar *fierce-rushing in the sylvan war. Hence + Piercehead. [ + -head] = Fierceness. C1440 Promp. Parv. 156/2 Fercehede, fcrocitas, severitas. + Pierce, V. Obs. [f. prec. adj.] trans. To make fierce; to inflame. 1565 Golding Ovid's Met. iii. (1593) 63 And for to fierce hir irej Another thing .. there commeth in the nicke. tFie’rceful, a. Obs. rare— 1 , ff. as prec. + -ful.] Full of fierceness ; ferocious, savage. 1607 Topsell Fourf Beasts (1673) 412 If it had as much strength, as. .courage, it would be as fierceful as any Bear. Fierceish. fD'.tsiJ), a. rare — 1 , [f. as prec. + -ish.] Somewhat fierce ; inclined to fierceness. 1840 Fraser's Mag. XXL 82 He strode with..head erect, and rather fierceish glance. Fiercely (fI°Msli), adv. [f. as prec. + -ly. 2 ] In a fierce manner; furiously, impetuously, violently; + sternly, haughtily. a 1300 Cursor M. 16795 (Gott.) Sua fersli pe erd quock, pe grauis it vndid. 13 .. E. E.Allit. P. C. 337 Thenne oure fader to pe fysch ferslych biddez. c 1350 Will. Paleme 1766 Fersely on here foure fet as fel for swiche bestes. 1471 Ripley Comp. Alch. iii. in Ashm. (1652) 142 Fersely brennyng as Fyre of Hell, a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon lxxxi, The gayler answered fyersly with grete pryde. i6n Bible Esther xv. 7 He looked very fiercely upon her. 1631 Gouge Gods Arrows iii. § 6. 195 The more fiercely Christians are assaulted, the more closely they will cling together. 1715-20 Pope Iliad xx 1. 703 Fiercely rushing on the dating foe. 1719 Young Busiris iii. i, Sending his soul out to me, in a look So fiercely kind ? I trembled, and retired. 1801 Southey Thalabavm. xxix, Up she raised her bright blue eyes, And fiercely she smiled on him. 1829 Alford in Life (1873) 42 Read mathematics very fiercely being afraid of the paper to¬ morrow. 1834 Pringle Afr. Sk. vi. 202 The noon-day sun flamed fiercely down upon us. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 496 The Parliament was wrangling even more fiercely. Comb. 1809 Words w. Feelings 0/ the Tyrolese iii, The gales Of fiercely-breathing war. Fiercen (fl e 'js’n), v. rare. [f. Fierce a. + -en A] a. trans. To make fierce. To fiercen up : to brush up, enliven, dial. b. intr. To become or grow fierce. Hence Fie'rcening ppl. a. 1831 J. Wilson Unimore ii. 150 The Naiad in the fiercening foam her prow Buries. 1881 Myers Wordsworth 73 A metal which can grow for ever brighter in the fiercening flame. Mod. Staffordsh., ‘ I think it has fiercened her up a bit.* Fierceness (fleusnes). [f. as prec. + -ness.] The quality or condition of being fierce. 1 . a. Formidable violence ; intractable savage¬ ness of temper ; vehement and merciless fury. 1382 Wyclif 1 Macc. iv. 8 Dreede 3e not mwardli the feersnesse of hem. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. xviii. (1495) 123 Yf [the] chynne [of beestes] be broke all theyr cruelnes and fyersnes faylle. 1462 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 268 God smote the said Henry for his gret fersnesse. 1526 Tindale Eph. iv. 31 Bitternes, fearsnes [ 0 v/xo<;], and wrath. 1553 Eden Treat. Newe Irut. (Arb.) 15 The females are of greater fiercenesse then the males. 1695 Ld. Preston Boeth. 11. 74 note, The Fierceness of the People being not wholly subdued. 1712 Swift Proposal Con\ Eng. Tongue 27 The same Defect of Heat which gives a Fierceness to our Natures, may contribute to that Roughness of our Language. 1865 Kingsley Hcrew. xxi, The priest looked at him with something of honest fierceness in his eyes. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 288 He is like a wild beast, all violence and fierceness. fb. Sternness, severity. Obs. 1382 Wyclif Rom. xi. 22 Therfore se .. the feersnesse of God; sothli feersnesse into hem that felden doun. c 1400 Apol. Loll. 17 } 7 e fersnes be noper to mikil ne to litil. 1643 Milton Divorce Introd., To .. pacify the fiercenes of this gentle Ordinance. + c. Bravery, high-spirit, mettle. Obs. C1400 Destr. Troy 4825 The fame of our fuersnes fares abrode. c 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn iii. 18 The fyersnes of the sayd courser. 1692 E. Walker Epictetus' Mor. xxxi, Who. .admires the. .manly Fierceness that adorns his Face. d. Eagerness. + Const, to with inf. 1533 Bellf.nden Livy 1. (1822) 73 That uthir limmare. .for fersnes to fle, left the ax stikkand in the kingis hede. 2 . Of natural agents, disease; also of passions, conflict, etc.: Intense vehemence, furious activity. 1435 Misyn Fire of Love 1. xxvii. 58 Grete ferisnes of turmentis. 1541 R. Copland Galyen's Terapcutyke 2 C ij, Lay vpon the sayd vlceres a playster.. vntyll that the yre and fyersnesse be abated. 1665 Manley Grot in s' L ow C. Warres 355 It proved very dangerous by the fierceness of the Frost and cold. 1718 Rowe tr. Lucan vii. 1040 They.. curse the cruel Gods, in fierceness of Despair. 1885 Manc/t. Exam. 29 June 5/2 The present fierceness of trade competition throughout the world. 1891 E. Peacock N. Brendon I. 271 The fierceness of the storm was over. FFie'rcety. Obs. Forms: 4~6fe-,fi-, fyerstefe. [f. as prec.+ -ty.] = Fierceness. 1382 Wyclif Judith iii. 11 And 3it ner the latere these thingus doende thei my3ten not swagen the feerste of his brest. C1450 Mir our Saluacioun 4233 The fierstee of this streit dome is noted be virgines ten. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vii. 394 The northyn wynde blevve with suche fyerste. c 1500 Melusine 119 He considered, .the fyerste of hys vysage. + Fie-rdhalf. Obs. [i.fierd, Fourth + Half.] A fourth part, a quarter. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk <5* Selv. 21 Such a kind of some- whatkin, as truckles beneath the very tinyness of an half nothing, and is forsooth a fierdhalf nothing. Fie*rding, pseudo-arch. [a. Sw. fjerding QrtA.fjorthingr'. see Farthing. Introduced from a Swedish writer by Blackstone in his dis¬ quisitions on Teutonic legal antiquities, and by some later writers mistaken for a term of early Eng. law.] An alleged name for a quarter of a hundred or of a shire. Also attrib. in Jierding-court. 1768 Blackstone Comm. 111 . 34 The antient Gothic courts in their lowest instance, or fierding-courts. 1872 E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 120 note. The district between the Hundred and the greater Shire—the Fielding or Quarter. 1889 Century Diet., Fierding-court, one of an early class of English courts, so called because [etc.]. || Fieri (forerai). [L. field, inf. to be made, come into being. Cf. in esse, in posse ] Used in med.L. phrase in fieri : in process of being made or coming into being. + Formerly sometimes treated as an Eng. phrase, as hi the fieri, in our very fieri . 1640 Bp. Hall Episc. 1. ii. 8 The Roman Church, then in the fieri of reforming. 1677 Plot Oxfordsh. 117 Many of these formed stones seem now to be in fieri. 1681 Relig. Clerici 5 There is a certain magical influence of nature .. that tempers us all diversly in our very fieri. 1726 A. Hor- neck in Glanvill's Sadducismus 363 The things then being in fieri, when it [the book] was printed. 1832 Austin Jurispr. II. (1885)910 The contract is still in fieri as between obligor and obligee. II Fieri-facias (fareraijfeijiass). Law. [L. fierT-facias cause to be made, f. fieri (see prec.) + facias cause, 2nd pers. sing. pres. subj. of facere to do, make.] ‘ A writ wherein the sheriff is com¬ manded that he cause to be made out of the goods and chattels of the defendant, the sum for which judgement was given ’ (Blackstone); the common process for executing a judgement. Often quoted as Fi.fa (farfe 1 *). 1463 Paston Lett. 11 . No. 474. 135 A fieri facias is come out of the Exchequir for Hue Fen. 1544 tr. Nat. Brev. 177 He shal haue execucyon against them by the statute of acton Burnel by a fieri facias. 1685 Keb^e King's Bench Rtp. I. 947 Recovery of Debt on Fi. fa. directed to the Sheriff into London. 1728 Carthew King's Bench Rep. (1741) 419 There were two distinct Writs of Fi. fa. brought to the Sheriff. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 174 Nor were lands originally liable to a private person's debts, nor any execution but by find or levari facias. 1829 Maule & Selwyn King's Bench Rep. VI. no The plaintiff claimed as a purchaser of a term, seized and sold by the sheriff under a writ of fi. fa. + b. punningly. (Cf. Fiery a. 4 b.) Obs. 1594 Nashe Unfort. Trav. Wks. V. 44 Purseuants with red noses .. a purseuant .. with the verie reflexe of his firie facias. 1608 Pennyless Pari, in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) III. 74 They that drink too much Spanish sack shall .. be served with a fiery-faces. i6ix [see Facies i], 1667 Dryden Wild Gallant 11. ii, I use to tell him of his Title, Fiery facias. Fierily (foio-rili), adv. ff. Fiery a. + -ly 2 .] In a fiery manner. 1 . With the appearance or colour of fire. 1824 tr. Hoffmann's Devil's Elixir I. 75 The rising sun, which now ascended fieryly. 1859 J. C. Mangan Poems 69 The sun ere he fierily sinks. 1885 G. Meredith Diana III. xv. 304 Her musings on him. .fierily brushed her cheeks. 2 . With ardour ; ardently, eagerly, passionately. 1600 Abp. Abbot Exp. Jonah 37 The Prophet so firily is set, and so hotely enfiamed to run from his dutie. 1825 Blaclciu. Mag. XVIII. 448 Long, and eagerly, and fierily I gazed. 1880 G. Meredith Trag. Com. viii. (1892) 112 He lived with the pulses of the minutes, much as she did, only more fierily. Fieriness (fob'rines). [f. as prec. +-ness.] The quality or condition of being fiery. + 1 . The attribute of containing the element fire ; igneous nature. Obs. 1680 H. More Apocal. Apoc. 74 As if a burning Mountain had been cast into the Sea, the earthiness and fieriness thereof being so contrary, .to Water. 2 . The condition of being hot as fire, or of glow¬ ing like fire. 1611 Cotgr., Ignition, .firinesse; the being red-hot. 1698 J. Fryer E. India <5- Persia 104 Water is sprinkled, to mitigate the Fieriness of the Sun. + b. Inflammation ; fieriness of the = Ery¬ sipelas . Obs. 1616 Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 206 It quencheth the firinesse of the face. 1658 A Fox Wurtz' Surg. 11. xxiii. 139 All the fieriness and burning is gone [from a wound]. c. Of a liquid or viand : see Fiery 4 c. 1698 J. Fryer E. India <5- Persia 157 Their Relishing Bits have not the Fieriness of ours. 1837 Whittock Bk. Trades (1842) 393 Flavour, mellowness and a due strength without fieriness, comprised all that need be desired to produce a British Brandy. 3 . Ardour of temper ; tendency to ‘ fire up ’. 1625-8 Camden's Hist. Eliz. iv. (1688) 568 The Fieriness and Heat of his Youth. 1704 Addison Italy (1733) 37 Natural Fieriness of Temper. 1842 Dickens Lett. (ed. 2) I. 76 Katey (from a lurking propensity to fiery-ness) [is named] Lucifer Box. F Frerize, v. Obs .— 1 [f. fier , Fire sb. + -ize.] intr. To become fire, assume the properties of fire. 1591 Sylvester Du Bartas 1. ii. (1641) 11/2 But Aire turne Water, Earth may Fierize. Fierk, obs. f. of Firk. Fiersday, Sc. form of Thursday. Fiers(e, obs. forms of Fierce. II Fiert6 (fygrte). [F .fierte, f. fier : see Feer 0.] Haughtiness, pride; high spirit. 1673 Dryden Marr. a la Mode 11. i, I assume something of fierte into my countenance. 1784 Han. More in W. Roberts Mem. (1835) I. 353 This preposterous pride Mrs. Palmer seemed to think a noble fierte. 1841 Lady Blessing- ton Idler in France I. 171 A certain fierte. .of aspect. Fiery (fai^ri), a. Forms : 3 furie, -y, fuyre, -i, -y, 4-6 fyre, -ie, -y, 4-7 firie, -y(e, (5 fery), 6-7 fierie, (6 fyeri), 6-9 fir(e)y, 6- fiery, [f. Fire sb. + -y b Cf. OVi'k. fiurech, Du. vurig, Da. fyrig, MHG. viurec, viuric (Ger . feurig).} 1 . Consisting of or containing fire ; flaming with fire. Fiery-drake , -dragon = Fire-drake. c 1275 Passion 660 in O. E. Misc. 56 pe holy gost heom com vp-on in fury tunge. t 1290 .S'. Eng. Leg. I. 39/175 A fiery Drake par-opon: a-3ein heom cominde huy sei,e. 1393 Gower Con/. II. 183 For to wissen hem by night A firy piller hem alight. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 3 b, The holy goost appered on apostles in fyry tonges. 1611 Bible Dan. iii. 23 These three men. .fell downe bound into the midst of the burning fierie furnace, a 1800 Cowper Heroism 85 Where no volcano pours his fiery flood, a 1822 Shelley Satire upon Sat. 34 And rains on him like flakes of fiery snow. 1832 De la Beche Geol. Man. (ed. 2) 143 One vast flood of burning matter, .rolling to and fro its * fiery surge ’. fig. 1866 B. Taylor Palm $ Pine, Passion’s fiery flood. b. Fire-bearing; esp. of an arrow, dart, etc. lit. and fig. c 1300 St. Bramtan 332 Tho ther com in a furi arewe at a fenestre. c 1386 Chalcer Knt.'s T. 706 Loue hath his firy dart so brenningly Ystiked thurgh my .. hert. c 1500 Lancelot 1227 Loues fyre dart, .smat one to the hart. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 1. 447 He deals his fiery Bolts about. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) I. 86 The FIERY. 198 FIFTEEN. Father of Day, with his fiery shafts, a 1822 Shelley To Italy 3 As the earthquake’s fiery flight. c. In biblical allusions : Attended with or per¬ formed by a display of fire. 1847 Emerson Poems , Problem Wks. (Bohn) I. 401 Ever the fiery Pentecost Girds with one flame the countless host. 1850 Hare Mission Conif 9 The firy baptism of the day of Pentecost. 1879 Farrar St. Paul (1883) 233 The awful fiery Law [see Deut. xxxiii. 2]. .delivered by God Himself. 2 . Depending on or performed by the agency of fire ; in fieiy trial with reference to the testing of metals ; also, f of a metal, tested by fire. + Fiery weapons = Fire-arms. Fiery wound : a wound inflicted by fire-arms. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vm. xxv. (1535) 127/1 He [Mars] dysposethe and makethe able to fyrye werkes and craftes. 1555 Philpot in Strype Eccl. Mem. III. App. xlviii. 156 ,1 cownsel ye therfor to the fyeri Gold of the Deity of owre Christ. 1598 Barret Theor. Warres 1. i. 2 The wars are much altered since the fierie weapons first came vp. Ibid. 3 Well wishing in my hart .. that this infernall fierie engine had never bin found out. 1611 Bible i Pet. iv. 12 Thinke it not strange concerning the fiery triall which is to trie you. 1704 Pope Windsor For. 113 The whirring pheasant feels the fiery wound. 1876 Freeman Norm. Conq. V. xxiv. 395 The fiery trial which England went through. 3 . Having the appearance of fire; brightly glow¬ ing or flaming, of a blazing red. 14.. MS. Herald's Office in R. Glouc. (1724) 484 note , In whiche enetid appered in the West ii. sterres of fuyry colour. 1480 Caxton CJiron. Eng. ccxxxii. 252 Many sterres ..fyl doun to the erth leuyng behynde hem fery bemes. 156X Burn. Paules Ch. Aij, On Wednesday, .was seene a marueilous great fyrie lightning. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. lxxv. 7 Flyeth firie light. 1601 ? Marston Pasquil <$• Kath. 1. 208 Your nose is firie enough. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 6 The head, and back parts to the tail, are of a fiery colour. 1727 De Foe Syst. Magic 1. iv. (1840) 102 These fiery appearances are nothing but certain collections of matter exhaled by the influence of the sun from the earth. 1791 Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest xi, The sun threw a fiery gleam athwart the woods. 1878 Morley Crit. Misc ., Carlyle 163 Veiled by purple or fiery clouds of anger. b. absol. or quasi-.?/;, rare. 1847 L. Hunt Men , Women, y B. I. xiv. 239 Hair amount¬ ing to a positive fiery. c. Of eyes (with mixture of sense 5) : Flashing, glowing, ardent. 1568 R. Grafton Chron. (1812) II. 192 The king, .having black eyes, which when he waxed angry, would seeme to be fyrie. 1601 Shaks. Jill. C. 1. ii. 186 Cicero Lookeswith such Ferret and such fiery eyes. 1819 Shelley Cyclops 463 So will I, in the Cyclops fiery eye. 1841 W. Spalding Italy It. I si. I. 32 The dark fiery eye and marked features of the Neapolitan fisherman. 4 . Hot as fire; blazing, burning, red hot. Fiery-triplicily : see quot. 1730. c 1290 Y. Eng. Leg. I. 105/146 Nomen huy pich and brum- ston..And ope hire nakede tendre bodi al-fuyri it casten. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6866 pat heo wolde fioru fury yre. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 461 Ony spark out of ane fyrie brand. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. § 54.115 The sword which is made fierie doth not only cut.. but also btirne. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 1. 157 The fiery Suns too fiercely Play. 1726 tr. Gregory s Astron. I. Pref. 5 That the Sun and Stars were fiery or red-hot Stones. 1730-6 Bailey (folio), Fiery triplicity, are those signs of the zodiack which surpass the rest in fiery qualities, as Leo, Aries, and Sagittarius. 1744 Berkeley Siris § 186 The throne of God appeared like a fiery flame. 1836 Macgillivray tr. Humboldt's Trav. xx. 291 The sky became clearer, .and the atmosphere more fiery. Jig. *11340 Hampole Psalter cxviii. 140 pe worde pat is fyry thorgh fie haly gast. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, 1. iv. 87 Hath thy fierie heart so parcht thy entrayles ? b. Of a tumour, etc.: Burning, inflamed. Fiery face : one affected by erysipelas. 1600 Surflet Countric Farme 11. xliv. 291 Of these two ointments, the first is better for .. skurfs, and firy faces. 1758 J. S. Le Draft's Observ. Surg. Diet. (1771) B bb, Afitrax , a red fiery Tumour. 1784 Cowpf.r Task 11. 183 Bids a plague Kindle a fiery boil upon the skin. c. Acting like fire ; productive of a burning sensation or inflammation. 1535 Coverdale Isa. xiv. 29 The frute shalbe a fyrie worme. 1577 Northbrooke D icing ( 1843) 5 This is that fyrie serpent, that as many as looke vpon him should liue. 1611 Bible Num.xx i.6 Fierie serpents. 1821 Shelley Hellas 553 Like a fiery plague breaks out anew. 1855 Bain Senses <$• Int. 11. ii. § 15 The fiery taste of alcoholic liquors. 5 . Of persons, their actions and attributes : a. Ardent, eager, fierce, spirited. 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. 2292 Philomene, He caste his fery herte up-on hyre. 1393 Gower Con/. III. 237 Sardana* pallus.. Was.. Fall into thilke firy rage Of love. 1529 More ComJ. agst. Trib. m. Wks. 1219/1 Y« firye affeccion that we beare to our owne filthy fleshe. 1594 Siiaks. Rich. IIJ iv. iii. 54 Then fierie expedition be my wing. 1650 Hubbert Pill Formality 24 Very fiery and zealous for the maintenance of Episcopacy. 1681 Dryden Abs. A chit. 156 A fiery Soul, which working out its way, Fretted the Pigmy-Body to decay. 1848 Macaulay//&/. Eng. II. 459 Adventures irresis¬ tibly attractive tohis fiery nature. 1867 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) I. v. 290 Such fiery zeal implies the firmest belief. b. Fiercely irritable; easily moved to violent anger. 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. iv. iv. 53 Alas how fiery, and how sharpe he lookes. 1640 in Hamilton Papers (Camden) App. 259 His speeches did so fascinate the old fiery little man. 1710 Tatler No. 231 ? 2 A terrible Apprehension of his fiery Spirit. 1752 Young Brothers 1. i, Rome calls me fiery: Let her find me so ! 1806 Surr Winter in Lond. (ed. 3) II. 273 The signor and this fiery Montagu exchanged some fierce looks. 1852 Miss Yonge Cameos II. xv. 163 Charles, in his fiery petulance, declared that he would go. e. Of a horse : Mettlesome, spirited. 1593 Shaks. Rich. II, v. ii. 8 The Duke .. Mounted vpon a hot and fierie Steed. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, in. 130 The fiery Courser.. Pricks up his Ears. 1827 Lytton Pelham x, My horse was. .the most fiery. .in Paris. 6. Of a vapour, esp. gas in a mine: Liable to take fire, highly inflammable. Hence of a mine, etc.: Containing inflammable gas, liable to ex¬ plosions from firedamp. 1751 Bp. R. Pococke Trav. Eng. (1888) I. 206 They are much troubled with what they call fiery air..When it is very bad, they let down a candle by a rope, to set fire to the fiery damp, as they call it. Ibid. 207 Nothing but the vapours or fiery damp that come out of the spring. 1851 Greenwf.ll Coal-tragic Terms Northumb. 6’ Dnrh. 27 A furnace of the width of 10 feet. .will. .be sufficient for any mine, however fiery. 1868 Daily News 30 Nov., The seam of coal was known to be .. a fiery one. 1887 Ibid. 30 May 5/2 Both pits are situated in what the miners, .call a ‘ fiery’ district. 7 . attrib. and Comb . a. adverbial, as fiery-bright, fierce, -flaming, - hot , - kindled , - liquid, -rash, -seeming, -shining, -red, -short , - sparkling, -twink¬ ling. b. parasynthetic, as fiery-faced, footed, -helmed, hoofed, -mouthed, -pointed, - spangled, -spirited, -sworded, - tressed, -visaged, -wheeled, -winged. Also, fiery-new, f ( a ) = Brand-new obs. (cf. fire-new); (b) of wine, not yet mellowed ; fiery-puissant, transl. of L. ignipotens, working powerfully with fire. 1531 Elyot Gov. ii. vi, The eien *firye bright. 1594 Spenser Amoretti xvi, Legions of loves..Darting their deadly ar- rowes, fyry bright. 1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. Ded., A raging and *fireyfaced Aristotelean. 1819 Shelley Cyclops 486 The Cyclops’ eye so *fiery fierce. 1598 Sylvester Du B aitas 11. ii. Columnes 469 David .. Holds a fierce Lyon’s *fiery flaming Crest. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. xii. 2 Scarcely had Phoebus. .harnessed his *fyrie-footed team. 1592 Shaks. Rom. $ Jul. iii. ii. 1 Gallop apace, you fiery-footed steeds. 1748 T homson Cast. Indol. 11. xxxii, A fiery-footed boy, Benempt Dispatch. 1715-20 Pope Iliad xx. 52 In aid of Troy..came, Mars *fiery-helm’d. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. i. 3 Where Titan still vnyokes his ^fiery-hoofed Teame. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xi. xiii. (1495) 398 Whan *firy hote yren is quenchyd in water. 14.. Hoccleve Compl. Virgin 221 Now thowart frosty cold now *fyry hoot. 1850 Tenny¬ son In Mem. cxiv, Some wild Pallas, .fiery-hot to burst Al' barriers. 1595 Shaks. John 11. i. 358 Backe to the stained field You equall Potents, *fierie kindled spirits. 1655 H. Vaughan Silex Scint. 1. Midflight (1858) 54 Thy heav’ns .. Are a *firie-liquid light. 1596 Spenser F. Q. v. viii. 40 The *firie-mouthed steedes. 1644 Feast of Feasts 2 Take a taste of their new, *fiery-new Divinity. 1842 Tennyson Will Water. 98 The vintage, yet unkept, Had relish, fiery- new. 1593 Shaks. Lucr. 372 The fair and *fiery-pointed sun. 1573 Twyne /Eneid x. E e j, Take that shield which.. The *fyrypuissant god unvict gaue thee. 1631 Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 212 Which *fiene-rash temper of his. 1593 Shaks. Rich. II, 11. iii. 58 Here come the Lords. .*fierie red with haste. 1846 G. E. Day tr. Simon's Aftim. Chan. II. 228 The urine was usually Of a fiery-red colour. 1628 F. Fletcher Drake's Voy. (Hakl. Soc.) 149 An infinite swarme of *fierie- seeming wormes flying in the aire. 1594 ? Greene Selimus Wks. XIV. 288 Mars .. Mounted vpon his *firie-shinmg waine. 1847 Tennyson Princ. v. 297 * Fiery-short was Cyril’s counter-scoff. 1586 Marlowe 1st Pt. Tamburl. v. ii, Even from the *fiery-spangled bed of heaven. 1596 Fitz-Geffrey SirF. Drake (1881)63 The *fierie-sparkling precious Chryso¬ lite. 1652 J. Wright tr. Camus' Nature's Paradox 266 The *fiery-spirited Beast, .carried Liante towards the besieger’s Trenches. 1821 Byron Cain 1. i, Guarded by *fiery-sworded cherubim. 1745-6 Collins Ode to Liberty 97 The *fiery- tressed Dane .. o’erturn’d the fane. a 1649 Drumm. of Hawth. Poems Wks. (1711) 15 ’Mong ..*fiery twinkling gleams Of warm vermilion swords. 1813 Shelley Q. Mab vii. 87 The *fiery-visaged firmament expressed Abhorrence. 1632 Milton Pcnseroso 51 The ' fiery-wheeled throne. 1757 Dyer Fleece iv. 211 *Fiery-winged winds, .rous’d by sudden storms. c. In the names of birds and animals: fiery- brandtail, the redstart (.Ruticilla phcenicurus ); fiery-flare, -flaw = fire-fiaire, the sting-ray ; fiery- tangs, dial, (see quot.) ; fiery-topaz, a species of humming bird. 1813 J. Headrick Agric. Surv. Forfars. App. 55 Both these species [crab and lobster] are called in Angusshire.. Firy-tangs. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., Fiery-flaw or fire-fiaire , a northern designation of the sting-ray (Raia pastinaca). 1868 Wood Homes without H. xxix. 554 The oddly shaped nest .. is made by the Fiery Topaz (Topaza pyra). 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Fiery-bran '• tail, the Redstart. Fiery-cross: see Fire-cross. Fife (feif), Forms: a. 6 fiphe, fyfe, 6- fife. / 3 . 6-7 phi-, phyfe, -phe. [First appears in 15th c.: it is uncertain whether it is directly a. HGer. pfeife (see Pipe sb.), or a corruption of Y. fif re fife, fifer (15th c. in Littre), a. OHG. pfffdri (mod.G. pfeifer) piper, fifer, f. pfifan to Pipe.] 1 . Mus. A small shrill-toned instrument of the flute kind, used chiefly to accompany the drum in military music. I 555 Watreman Fardle Facions 11. xi. 248 Thei [Turkes] vse a dromme and a fiphe, to assemble their Bandes. 1577 Fenton Gold. Epist. 319 Out of little and smal phyfes, come a voice cleare and shrill. 1674 Playford Skill Mus. Pref. 5 When he hears the sound of the Trumpet, the Fife and Drum. 1710 Philips Pastorals v. 52 In thee The rudeness of my rural fife I see. 1846 Grote Greece 1. viii. (1862) II. 212 Their step was regulated by the fife. b. (See quot.) 1876 Stainer & Barrett Diet. Mus. Terms , Fife, an organ stop. A piccolo, generally of two feet in length. 2 . The sound of this instrument; in quots. transf. 1627 P. Fletcher Locusts 11. iv, And blasts with whistling fifes new rage inspire. 1810 Scott Lady of L. 1. xxxi, The lark’s shrill fife may come, .from the fallow. 3 . One who plays the fife; a fifer. 1548 Privy Council Acts (1890) II. 166 For one monthes wages .. for iiij drummes and two fyfes, every at xK 1598 Barret Theor. Warres 11. i. 18 Instructing the Drummes and Phifes their seuerall soundes. 1625 Markham Souldiers Accid. 15 The Phiphes (if there be more then one) the eldest shall march with the eldest Drumme. 1649 Ann. Barber- Surgeons Lond. (1890) 406 Paid to the Drumme & Phifle— 12 s. Mod. They sent the drums and fifes to drown his voice. 4 . attrib., as fife-bird. Also, fife-major (Mil.), a non-commissioned officer who superintends the fifers of a regiment. 1854 Whittier Lit. Rec. <$• Misc. 241 I heard a mellow gush of music from the brown-breasted fife-bird. 1802 James Mi lit. Diet., Fife-major. Fife (faif), Tf- prec. sb.] a. intr. To play on a fife. b. trans. To play (a tune) upon or as upon the fife. 1837 Longf. Drift-Wood Prose Wks. 1886 I. 322 All blow¬ ing and drumming and fifing away like mad. 1887 Steven¬ son Underwoods 17 Winds that in darkness fifed a tune. Hence Fi fing vbl. sb., the action of the vb. c 1817 Byron To T. Moore ii, Fifing and drumming..Oh Thomas Moore ! 1851 Ruskin Stones Ven. I. xxi. § xx, The fluting and fifeing expire, the drumming remains. Fifer (farfai). [f. as pree. +-er 1 .] One who plays the fife. 1540 in Vicary's Aflat. (1888) App. xii. 242 Item, for Iohn Pretre, fyfer, wagis .. xxs. viij d. 1585 Jas. I Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 17 Syne Phifers, Drummes, and Trumpetscleir do craue The pelmell chok with larum loude alwhair. 1659 Torriano, Fifaro, a piper, a fifer, a fluter. 1809 Pinkney Trav. France 247 This is some fifer who has obtained this leave. 1840 Act 3-4 Viet. c. 96 § 53 Drummer, trumpeter, fifer. 1868 Morris Earthly Par. 11. (1870) 147 The fifer [must] stop His dancing notes the pensive drone that chid. Fife-rail (faifii^ l). Naut. [Said by sailors to be so called because the fifer sat on this rail while the anchor was being got in.] + a. ‘ Rails forming the upper fence of the bulwarks on each side of the quarter-deck and poop in men-of- war’ (Adm. Smyth, 1867) (obs.). b. The rail round the main-mast, encircling both it and the pumps and furnished with belaying pins for the running rigging. 1721-1800 Bailey, Fife Rails. 1804 A. Duncan Mari¬ ner's Chron. Pref. 19 Drift-rails, fife-rails, sheer-rails, waist- rails, etc. 1881 W. C. Russell Ocean Free-Lance II. iv. 168 [It] whitened the rigging and the fife-rails. Fiff (fif), v. nonce-wd. [Echoic.] To play on the Pandean pipes. (In quot. quasi -trans.) 1886 Tinsley's Mag. July 65 The man with, .the Pandean pipes, .trying to fiff himself into a Consumption. Fifish (ferfij), a. Sc. [said to be f. Fife the name of a Scotch county + -ish ; applied originally as a term of opprobrium to people from that county.] Somewhat deranged. 1822 Scott Pirate ix, Very, very Fifish, as the east-country fisher-folks say. 1824 — Rcdgauntlet vii, ‘Just Fifish, wowf —a wee bit by the East-Nook or sae.* Fift, obs. form of Fifth. Fifteen (fiftrn, frft/n), a. and sb. Forms : 1 fif-, fyftdne,-tyne, 3-6 fif-,fyften(e, 3 south, vyftene, (3 fythtene), 3, 5 fiveten(e, 7-8 -een, 5-7 fyve- tene, 6-7 fifteene, 9 Sc. feifteen, 6- fifteen. [OE. fif tine , -tyne corresponds to OFris. fif tine, OS. fiftein (LG. foftein, Du. vijftien), OHG. fimfzehen, finfzehati (MHG. viinf-, fiinfzehen, mod.G. fibifzelui), ON. fimtan (Sw. femton, Da. fcm ten), Goth, fimftaihun ; f. OTeut. *fimfi Five + *tehun Ten : see -teen.] The cardinal number composed of ten and five, represented by the symbols 15 or xv. A. as adj. 1 . In concord with sb. expressed. Beowulf 1582 (Gr.) He. .sloh. .fyftyne men. a 1000 Guthlac 908 (Gr.) He on westenne wiceard geceas fiftynu gear, c 1160 Hatton Gosp. John xi. 18 Ofer fyftena furlenga. c 1250 Gen. § Ex. 415 For fiftene 3er hadde adam; San cairn of eue cam. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 416 A .. comete .. hym ssewede vyftene ny}t ywys. a 1300 Cursor M. 27737 (Cott.) pir ar pe springes o wreth fythtene. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 4564 Aftir pair dede .. Anticrist sal regne, yhit fiften days, a 1400 Prymer( 1891)59 Heere bygynneth the fyftene psalmes. 1548 Forrest Pleas. Poesye 472 The beste flfyue- tene shealinges not surmowntinge. 1602 Warner A lb. Eng. xi.Ixii. 272 Saint Nicholas Bay. .fifteenehundred Miles from Mosco is away. 1647 Fuller Good Th. in Worse T. (1841) 92 An agitation .. to bring down jubilees to fifteen, twelve, or ten years. 1766 Pennant Zool. (1768) II. 235 Taken in clap-nets of fiveteen yards length. 1819 Shelley Peter Bell vii. 23 For fifteen months. X883 Stevenson Treas. 1 st. 1. i, Fifteen men on the dead man’s chest. 2 . With ellipsis of sb., which may usually be supplied from context. The Fifteen : the Court of Session (formerly) consisting of fifteen Judges. Also, the first Jacobite rising (in the year 1715). c 1050 ByrhtfertJis Ilandboc in Anglia VIII. 303 Gif fiaer synt fiftene to lafe todaelaS pa eall swa [?a oore. a 1300 Cursor M. 8863 (Cott.) pis temple .. of heght it had fiften FIFTEENER. 199 FIFTIETH. [eln]. 1660 Sir B. Ruddier Poems 83 Give me a Virgin of Fifteen. 17x2-4 Pope Rape Lock iv. 58 Hail, wayward Queen ! Who rule the sex to fifty from fifteen. 1769 Dublin Mercury 16-19 Sept. 2/2 A Black Gelding .. about fifteen high, a 1797 H. Walpole Mem. Geo. II, I. 266 A man en- f aged in the former rebellion or as the Scotch call it in the ifteen. 1814 Scott Wav. lxiv, ‘Ye were just as ill aff in the feifteen1815 — Guy M. xxxviii, ‘A man’s aye the better thought o’ in our country for having been afore the feifteen.' 1842 Orderson Creol. viii. 75 From adolescent fifteen .. to mature twenty-five. f 3 . = Fifteenth a. Obs. 1375 Barbour Bruce 11. 17 On the fyften day. c 1430 Free¬ masonry 251 The fyftene artycul maketh an ende, For to the mayster he ys a frende. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. cxxv. [cxxi.] 356 To be at Hamton the fyftene day of May. 1598 Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. vi. vi. (1622) 130 The fifteene Ka¬ lends of Nouember. 1623 Bill 0/Compl. in N. Shaks. Soc. Trans. (1885) 498 In the fifteene yeare of his Ma tics raigne. B. as sb. 1 . Eng. Hist. = Fifteenth sb. 1. Obs . 1494 Fabyan Chron. vii. 480 In this yere also the Kynge helde his parlyament.. in the whiche was graunted vnto hym thre fyftenys. 1540 Nottingham Rec. III. 379 To Master Meyre in money to make owte the Fyften v.li. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, iv. vii. 23. 1643 Prynne Sov. Power Pari. 1. ted. 2) 23 Both the Houses gave halfea tenth and halfe a fif¬ teene, to be disposed of as the Lords thought fit, for the defence of the Realme. 2 . A set of fifteen persons or things : a. A set of fifteen players forming a ‘ side’ at Rugby football. 1880 Times 12 Nov. 4/4 The two Universities .. always place strong fifteens in the field. 1890 Daily News 4 Dec. 2/5 The visitors brought a powerful fifteen, and secured the victory after a splendid game. f b. (^see quot.) Obs. 1688 R. Holme Armoury hi. 231/2 A pair of Beads called Fifteens, containing fifteen Pater Nosters and 150 Aves. c. Cribbage. An exact sum of fifteen pips counted on two or more cards, a court card reckoning as 10. 1674 Cotton Compl. Gamester ix. 108 That makes you six Games, because there is two fifteens and a pair. 1830 Hoyle made familiar 58 They neither form a pair, a fifteen, a sequence nor a flush. 3 . A game at cards : see quot. 1884 Daily News 13 Feb. 5/6 During a game of fifteen, a species of poker, several cards were marked. C. Comb., as fifteen - spined adj. ; fifteen- pounder, a gun throwing a shot that weighs fifteen pounds; fifteen-shilling a., worth fifteen shillings. 1684 J. Peter Siege Vienna 109 ^Fifteen pounders. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 698 The ministers .. resolved to issue. .*fifteenshilling bills, for the payment of the troops. 1832 Johnston in Proc. Berzo. Nat. Club I. 7 The *fifteen- spined stickleback. Fifteener (fiftfnoi). [f. prec. + -erF] A book printed in the fifteenth century. 1830 Blackzo Mag. XXVII. 306 An ardent devotee of Fif- teeners. 1876 Cutter Rules Diet. Catal. 68 Such .. books are fifteeners or the rarest Americana. Fifteenth (fiftrnp, frftfnp), a. and sb. Forms : 1 fifteiSe, -eotSa, -6(o)s8a, 3 fifteofta, south. viftethe, vyfteope, 3-4 fiftend( e, 4 south. vyfteope, 6 Kent vifftend, 4-7 fiftenth(e, (4 fiftenpe), 5-6 fyfte(n)th(e, (6 -teenth), 6-7 fivete e)nth, 6- fifteenth. [OE. fiftcdSa (fem. and neut. -e), i.flfttne Fifteen on the analogy of ti’oSa Tenth. From the 14th c. the forms descend¬ ing from the OE. become rare, being superseded by a new formation on Fifteen + -th, which still remains. A third form of the ordinal, fiftendie, appears in the Ormulum, Hampole and the Cursor Mundi, and appears to be due to Scandinavian influence ; cf. ON. fimtande (Sw. femlonde, Da. femtende). The other Teut. langs. agree with the ON. in having the ordinal suffix as -d- instead of -f -; OYvA.fi/tinde, OS. *Jifteindo (Du. vijftiende), OHG. funfzendo (MHG. viinfzehende, mod.Ger. fiinfzehnte), Goth, jimfta-taihunda (= fifth + tenth).] The ordinal numeral belonging to the cardinal fifteen. A. adj. 1 . In concord with sb. expressed. £•900 Bxda's Hist. iv. xxvii. [xxvi.] (1891) 358 py fiftejSan geare. c rooo S.ix. Let end. 111 . 190 Mone se fifteoUa. c 1200 Ob.min 9170 Onn hiss fiftende winnterr. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 522 The viftethe peni of hor god. 1382 Wyclif Num. xxviii. 17 In the fiftenthe day. a 1440 Sir Degrrv. 1869 One the fyftethe day. 1535 Coverdale 2 Kings xiv. 23 In the fyftenth yeare of Amasias. 1749 Fielding Torn Jones xv. xii, And here we put an end to the fifteenth book. 1851 Ruskin Stones Ven. (1874) I. i. 30 Dull inventions of the fifteenth century. 2 . With ellipsis of sb. 1641 Milton Ch. Govt. 1. vi. 25 A councell, from which by any thing that can be learnt from the fifteenth of the Acts, no faithful Christian was debarr’d. 1753 N. Torriano Gangr. Sore Throat 125 She having had a very bad Night from the Fourteenth to the Fifteenth. 3 . Fifteenth part: one of fifteen equal parts into which a quantity may be divided. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 798 A Fifteenth Part of Siluer. 1662 Graunt Bills of Mortality vii. 42 London .. bear[s] the fif¬ teenth part of the charge of the whole Nation in all Publick Taxes. B. sb. 1 . A fifteenth part; esp. in Eng. Hist. A tax of one-fifteenth formerly imposed on personal property. c 1380 Wyclif Eng. IVks. (1880) 66 Men supposen alle J>es passen ]>re fiften^es. 1496-7 Act Hen. VI V, c. 12 ( title) An Acte fur Fyftenthes and Tenthes. 1518 MS. Acc. St. John's Hosp ., Canterb ., Payd for ij wrytys for alowans off viff¬ tend. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. lxiv. (1739) 133 He took a fifteenth which was granted to his Father. 1765 Blackstone Comm. 1 .1. viii. 298 Tenths and fifteenths were temporary aids .. granted to the king by parliament. 1879 Castle Lazo of Rating 21 The collectors of the tenths and fifteenths granted to the King in the City of London. 2 . Mus. a. (see quot. 1876.) b. (see quot. 1880.) a. 1597 Morley In trod. Mus. 71 An eight, a twelfth, a fifteenth, .and so forth .. be perfect cordes. 1609 Douland Ornith. Microl. 79 Others are tripled, to wit, a fifteenth, which is equall to the sound of an Vnison, and an Eight. 1876 Stainer & Barrett Diet. Mus. Terms, Fifteenth, the interval of a double octave. b. 1613 Organ Specif. Worcester Cathedral, In the choir organ .. 1 smal principal or fiftenth of mettal. 1776 Sir J. Hawkins Hist. Music IV. 1. x. 149 Of the stops of an organ, the most usual are the Diapasons .. Tenth, Twelfth, Fifteenth [etc.]. 1880 Grove Diet. Mus., Fifteenth is a stop or set of pipes in an organ sounding 2 octaves or 15 notes above the Open diapason. Hence Fifteenthly adv., in the fifteenth place. a 1642 Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts in. (1704) 322/1 Fifteenthly, they ought to take Account. 1691-8 Norris Tract. Disc. (1711) III. 170 When he shall yet further con¬ sider Fifteenthly. Fifth (fifp), a. and sb. Forms: i fifta, (fem. & neut. fffte), 2-7 fift(e, (3 4 fyfft), 3-4 south. vifte, 3-6 fyfte, -the, (3 fivet, 5 fyvetl, 4-5 fyve- (pe, -th(e, (4-5 fifpe, -the), 5-7 fith(e, 6- fifth. [OE. fifta ^OV ns. fifta. OS. ffto (Du. vijfde), OHG. fimfto, finfto (MHG. vunfte, viinfte, mod. Ger .fiinfte), ON .finite (Sw. and Da. fernte), Goth. *fimfta OTeut. *fimfton-, f. pre-Teut. *penqto- (Gr. irefiiTTus, Lat. 1 quin(c)ius), f. *penqe Five. The normal form fft still survives in dialects; the standard form, which first appears in the 14th c., is due to the analogy of fourth.'] The ordinal numeral belonging to the cardinal five. A. adj. 1 . In concord with sb. expressed. c 1000 zElfric Lev. xix. 25 yEr Jiam fiftan £eare. c xooo Sax. Leechd. II. 298 Fifte masgen is. C1175 Lamb. Horn. 103 peo fifte sunne is Tristicia. a 1225 Ancr. R. 198 pe vifte hweolp hette Inobedience, ax 300 Cursor M. yiyi (Cott.) To recken forth pat leuedi kin, pe fift eild wil we be-gin. 1340 Ayenb. 12 pe vifte article zuo is pet [etc.], c 1380 Wyclif Sel. IVks. III. 444 pe fyfft heresie. c 1400 Destr. Troy 7553 heading, Of the Fyuet Batell in the Felde. i486 Bk. St. Albans E j b, The fithe yere a grete stagge. 1526 Pilgr. Pcrf (W. de W. 1531) 307 b, By the vertue of the fyfth worde that thou spake for great mystery. 1632 Sanderson Serm. 447 The fift position. 1700 Dryden Pal. <5- Arc. 111. 168 With smiling aspect you serenely move In your fifth orb, and rule the realm of love. 1781 Cowpf.r Hope 414 Just made fifth chaplain of his patron lord. 1857 Hughes Tom Brozon 1. viii, The fifth form would fag us, and I and some more struck and we beat 'em. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fifth ventricle [of the brain], the cavity which lies between the two layers of the septum lucidum. b. To smite, + stab in, tinder the fifth rib : to strike to the heart, lit. and fig. The Revised Version (agreeing with the older Eng. ver¬ sions) has ‘ in the belly ’; the translators of 1611 regarded wn homesh as the same word as hdmesh fifth part; the two are from different roots, as the other Semitic langs. show. x6ix Bible 2 Sam. ii. 23 Wherefore Abner with the hinder ende of the speare smote him vnder the fift ribbe. 1641 W. Hooke Nezo Eng. Teares 11 Death .. stabs them in the fift rib. 1822 Shelley Chas. I, 1. 104 Smiting each Bishop under the fifth rib. c. The fifth wheel of a coach , zvaggon, etc.: pro¬ verbially used for something superfluous. 1891 Lazo Times XCI. 205/2 The functions of the grand juror are too often those of the fifth wheel in the coach. 2 . With ellipsis of sb. O. E. Chron. an. 827 Fifta was Eadwine Norpan hymbra cyning. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 39 Fifte is pet pu scalt for3euen pon monne pe wi (5 pe agultet. a 1300 Cursor M. 23235 (Gott.) Of helle pines .. pe fi^ft es vndemes of dint, pat pa wreches par sal hint. 1584 R. Scot Discov. Witchr. 1. viii. 13 Statutes made in the fift of Elizabeth. 1678 B. R. Let. Pop. Friends 8 That cursed, unfortunate Fifth of November. 1725 Pope Odyss. ix. 395 The lots were cast on four; Myself the fifth. 1818 Shelley Rev. Islam x. ix. 5 Each fifth shall give The expiation for his brethren here. 3 . Fifth part : one of five equal parts into which a quantity may be divided. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxv 230 The kyng axed the fifthe part of all the meoble goodes of englond. 1565-73 Cooper Thesaurus, Cochlearium .. two fift partes, a 1687 Petty Pol'. Arith. (1690' 73 The same Lands will produce a fifth part more of Food. 4 . quasi -adv. In the fifth place, Fifthly. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 292 Fyfth, they be mortifyed from the inordynate affeccyon of parentes. B. sb. 1 . = Fifth part. See A. 3. Also, a fifth part of moveable goods granted to the king. 1557 Recorde Whetst. B ij b, Sesquiquinta, 6 to 5 : 12 to 10. .(i\) a fifte more. 1578 T. N. tr. Conq. W. India 6 The kings fiftes and revenues. X674 Jeake Arith. (1696) 209 To set down 3 Fourths and 4 Fifths. 1724 Swift Drapier's Lett. v. (1725) 147 When the Publick shall have lost.. Four Fifths of its Annual Income forever. 1777 Robertson Hist. Amer. (1783) III. 370 The spoil .. after setting apart the king's fifth, was divided among 480 persons. 2 . Mus. a. The interval of three tones and a semitone, embracing five diatonic degrees of the scale. Also in augmented, diminished, perfect fifth , for which see those words. 1597 Morley Introd. Mus. 70 A third, a Fift, a Sixt. 1652 Nezvsfr. Lozoe-Countr. 8 He.. Knows Thirds, Fifths, Eights, Rests, Moods, and Time. 1737 Ozell Rabelais V. 80 La Quinte. .a Fifth, or the Proportion of Five in Musick. 1825 Danneley Encycl. Music, Fifth, a note in music, of which there are three species, viz. the perfect fifth, called also dominant, the diminished and augmented. 1864 Mrs. Gatty Parables fr. Nature Ser. iv. 131 All the fifths were either too flat or too sharp. b. The concord of two tones separated by this interval. 1656 tr. Hobbes ' Elem. Philos, iv. xxix. 372 The Organ [of hearing] will .. make that Concord which is called a Fifth. 1674 [see Concord sb. 5]. 3 . pi. Articles of the fifth degree in quality; fifth- rate material. 1881 Daily Nezos 7 Sept. 3/4 Butter, .thirds, 106s.; fourths, 99Y.; fifths, 78^. 1893 JVestm. Gaz. 5 June 6/3 Formerly only as low a quality as good fifths were imported. C. Comb, fifth - chain (see quot.) ; fifth- essence = Quintessence ; fifth-penny, = fifth part ; fifth-wheel (see quot.). 1874 KNiGHT Diet. Mech. I. 839/2 * Fifth-chain, the chain by which the single lead horse in a team of five is hitched to the end of the tongue. 1585 Jas. I Ess. Pocsie (Arb.) 35 Poure out, my frends, there your *fift-essence fyne. 1732 Swift Prop. Pay Nat. Debt, Wks. (1841) II. 123 The lands of the primacy, .are let so low that they hardly pay a *fifth penny of the real value. 1809 Bawdwen Domesday Bk. 416 Torksey and Hardwick paid the fifth-penny of the tax of the city of Lincoln. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 839/2 * Fifth •wheel, a wheel or segment above the fore-axle of a carriage and beneath the bed. .the fifth wheel forms an extended sup¬ port to prevent the careening of the carriage bed. b. When prefixed to certain sbs., as form , rale , etc., fifth forms a combination, which is used at- tributively, passing occas. into an adj. t and through the absolute use into a sb. 1666 Lond. Gaz. No. 38/4 A Fifth Rate Fregat, called the Sweepstakes. 1672 Lacy Dumb Lady, Prol., My less than fifth rate wit. 1689 Lond. Gaz. No. 2451/4 Admiral Herbert had with him. .10 fourth Rates, 1 fifth Rate, and 2 Tenders. 1747 ]• Lind Lett. Navy i. (1757) 22 Captains of a fifth rate. 1857 Hughes Tom Brown 1. ix, For most of the sixth spent their evenings in the fifth-form room. Hence Fi’fthly adv., in the fifth place. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de. W. 1531) 8 b, Fyfthly, they must despyse y e deuyll with all his pompes. 1681 H. More Exp. Dan. App. iii. 297 Fifthly, If it be demanded why, etc. 1681-6 J. Scott Chr. Life (1747) III. 252 Fifthly and lastly, That Christ also was that Jehovah and divine Lord and King, .is evident. 1800 Young in Phil. Trans. XCI. 82 Fifthly by immerging the eye in water. t Fifth, monarch. Obs. Christ as the head of the ‘ fifth monarchy ’; see next. 1658 Cowley Cutter Coleman St. Epil. Wks. 1710 II. 893 So great and gay a one [Congregation] I ne’er did meet At the Fifth Monarch’s Court in Coleman-street. 1660 Biblioth. Kauai, in Hart. Misc. (1746) VIII. 70’2 He had resolved to keep it till the Coming of the fifth Monarch. Fifth monarchy. The last of the five great empires referred to in the prophecy of Daniel (Dan. ii. 44), in the 17th c. identified with the millennial reign of Christ predicted in the apoca¬ lypse. Also attrib., esp. in Fifth-monarchy man, one of those in 17th c. who believed that the second coming of Christ was immediately at hand, and that it was the duty of Christians to be prepared to assist in establishing his reign by force, and in the meantime to repudiate all allegiance to any other government. 1657 Evelyn Diary 10 Aug., Desperate zealots, call’d the Fifth-Monarchy-Men. 1677 Dk. Lauderdale in L. Papers (1885) III. lvii. 89 How soone they [the disaffected in W. Scotland] may take armes no man can tell; for..they are perfitely fifth monarchye men. 1702 Sewali. Diary 31 Jan. (18791 II- 5 2 William Parsons of 88 years, is buried. Was in the fifth-monarchy fray in London : but slipt away in the Crowd. 1731 E. Calamy Life (1830) I. i. 76 He [Calamy’s schoolmaster] was a sort of Fifth Monarchy man. Hence Fifth-monaTchical, a., of or pertaining to the Fifth-monarchy ; Fifth-mo’nar Chism nonce- wd., the principles of the Fifth-monarchy-men ; Fifth-momarchist = Fifth-monarchy-man. 1679 Oates Narr. Popish Plot Ded. A ij b, An Anti¬ christian pretence of a Fifth Monarchical Soveraignty over all the Kings and Princes of Christendom. 1705 E. Ward Hud. Rediv. II. ix., Fifth-Monarchical Fanaticks. 1736 Plea Sacram. Test no Venner, and the other Fifth-Monarchists in England. 1832-4 De Quincey Cxsars Wks. 1S62 IX. 9 The fanatics of 1650 who proclaimed Jesus for their king..were usually styled Fifth-Monarchists. 1870 Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. I. (1873)235 The turbid zeal of Fifth-Monarchism. Fiftieth (fVftit-J)), a. {sb.) Forms: 1-2 fifti- gotSa, -getia, fifteogoSa, -galSe, 2-3 flftu'Sa, -tSe, 3 fiftuge’Se,4-6 fif-, fyftith(e, -tyth'e, 6- fiftieth. [OE .fifligoba :-earlier *fiftigunpa, corresponding to ON. fimmtugdnde (Sw., Norw. femtiande, Da. femtiende 1, f. Fifty on the analogy of Tenth. In the other Teut. langs. the ordinal suffix is different: OF r\s.fiftic/ista(Du. vijftigste ), OYiG.finfzugdsto (MHG. vilnfzegeste , mod.Ger. funfsigste.] The ordinal numeral belonging to the cardinal fifty. Fiftieth part : one of fifty equal parts into which a quantity may be divided. c IOOO tElfric Gram. (Z.) 283 Quinquagesimns, se fifteo- goSa. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 87 pe fiftuSa dei frant pan FIFTY. 200 FIG. estertid. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 117 f>e fiftugeSe dai after estrene dai. 1382 Wyclif Num. viii. 25 Whanne the fyftithe 3eer of age thei han fulfillid. 1530 Palsgr. 372 Cinquan - tiesme.. fyftyth. 1579 Fulke Heskins' Pari. 495 The fiftieth Chapter sheweth the understanding of the same text by Effrem. 1611 Bible Lev. xxv. 11 A Iubile shall that fiftieth yeere be vnto you. 1721 Newton Opticks 111. xxi. (ed. 3) 325 The fiftieth part of an Inch. 1868 Lockyer H eavens( z d. 3) 310 The fiftieth part of a second of arc. 1800 Young in Phil. Trans. XCI. 48 Their difference was exactly one-fifth of an inch. To this we must add a fiftieth. Fifty (fi'fti), a. and sb. Forms : i fiftis, 2-4 fifti, 3 Onn. fiffti}, south, vifti, 3-5 fl-, fyfte, 3-6 fyfty, 4-6 fiftie, -tye, (6 fyvetie), 7 fivety, 4,7- fifty. [OE. fiifitig = OVns./iftick ,fif tech, OS. fiftieh (Du. vijftig), OHG.fimfzug (MHG. fiimfzec, fiinfzcc, mod.Ger. fiinfzig ), ON. fimm tigir (Sw. femtio, Norw. and obs. Da. femti), Goth, fitnf tig/us, OTeut. * fan ft Five + *tigiwiz, pi. of *teguz decade: see -ty.] A. aaj. The cardinal number equal to five tens, represented by 50 or 1 . Also with omission of sb., and in comb, with numbers below ten (ordinal and cardinal), as fifty-one,fifty-first, etc. Beowulf n’jyi (Gr.) Fifti^ wintra. c 1000 TElfric Dent. xxii. 29 Fiftis yntsena seolfres. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 225 Fifti fedme wid. c 1205 Lay. 1285 Fifti scipen fulle. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 518 Arst he adde ileye an erthe vnssrined vifti ^er. c 1325 Metr. Horn. 18 A man haht him fifty penis. C1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 192 Fourty or fyfty in a queer, c 1400 Destr. Troy 4064 In hor company come clene shippes fyfte. 1483 Cath. Angl. 132/2 Fifte sit he, quinquagesies. a 1561 G. Cavendish Metr. Pis. in Life Wolsey (1825) II. 31 This fyvetie or threscore yere. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. iv. iii. 242 A withered Hermite, fiue score winters worne, Might shake off fiftye looking in her eye. 1611 Bible Gen. ix. 28 And Noah liued after the flood, three hundred and fifty yeeres. 1683 Pennsylv. Archives I. 57 To secure the Paeyment of fivety pounds of like money. 1777 Robertson Hist. Amer. (1783) II. 377 Near the fifty-third degree of latitude. 1847 Tennyson Princ. v. 305 Some fifty on a side. 1878 Morley Carlyle Crit. Misc. Ser. 1. 199 The disruption of the French monarchy fifty years afterwards. b. Used indefinitely as a large number. 1818 Byron Juan 1. cviii, When people say, ‘ I’ve told you fifty times*, They mean to scold. 1870 Kingsley in Gd. Words 204/1.A merchant, .who had fifty things to tell us of his own special business. f c. = Fiftieth. Obs. 1539 Tonstall Semi. Palm Sund. (1823) 58 Expoundynge the gospel of John in the fyfty treaty. 1558 Kennedy Compend. Treatise in Wodr. Soc. Misc. (1844) 123 The Apostolis ressavit the gift of the Haly Gaist the fyftiday, callit in our language Wytsounday. 1578 Timme Caluine on Gen. 156 As we may read in the fiftie Psalme. B. sb. 1 . A set of fifty persons or things. ci 000 Ags. Gosp. Mark vi. 40 Hi )>a saeton hundredon & fifti^on. 1382 Wyclif Luke ix. 14 Make hem to sitte to mete by feestis, fyftyes. 1611 Bible 2 Kings i. 13 Hee sent againe a captaine of the third fiftie, with his fiftie. — 1 Macc. iii. 55 Iudas ordained .. captains .. ouer fifties, and ouer tennes. 1844 Lingard Auglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) II. ix. 64 Every deacon read..two fifties [fifty psalms], 1894 Times 23 Feb. 8/4 The price rose by fifties to 763,450. 2 . a. The age of fifty years, b. The fifties : the years between fifty and sixty in a particular century or in one’s life. c 1714 Pope Imit. Hor., Epist. 1. vii. 73 Near fifty and without a Wife. 1855 Tennyson Maud 1. vi. 31 Ah, what shall I be at fifty Should Nature keep me alive? 1880 Miss Broughton Sec. Th. II. in. iv. 157, 1 know that I am some¬ where in the fifties, and that I was born on a Monday. 1889 R. B. Anderson tr. Rydberg's Tent. Myt/iol. 9 A series of works published in the fifties and sixties. + 3 . A fifty-gun ship. Obs. 1778 Burke Corr. (1844) II. 249 Two ships of the line, two fifties, and about four lesser frigates. 1799 Naval Chron. I. 292 Ships of the line 188, Fifties 27. C. Comb., as in fifty-fold adj. and adv.; fifty- gun-ship ; fifty-per-cent a., usurious; fifty- weight, half a hundredweight. c 1000 /Elfric Gram. (Z.) 285 Qiii)iquagenarins , *fifti&feald. 1606 Shaks. Ant. $ Cl. 1. ii. 70 Till the worst of all follow him laughing to his graue, fifty-fold a Cuckold. 1872 Proctor Ess. Astron. xi. 156 Exceeding fiftyfold the volume of the Sun. 1806 A. Duncan Nelson 58 Ten sail of the line, and a *fifty-gun-ship. 1832 Marry at N. Forsterxm , A fifty- gun ship, frigate, and two corvettes, made their appearance. 1825 Knapp & Baldw. Nezvgate Cal. III. 496/1 No trades¬ man of a *fifty per cent, conscience. 1667 Primatt City Sf C. Build. 105 Nine hundred and *fifty weight of Lead taken up in Ledges and Gutters. 1840 W. S. Mayo Kaloolah 140 Packing on my back about fifty weight of iron bolts. Fiftyless (fvftiles), a. [f. prec. + -less.] With¬ out fifty; in quot. = not fifty years old. 1767 G. Canning Poems 87 Let not your fiftyless lover despair. Fig (fig), sb .1 Forms; 3-5 fige, 4-6 fyg(g(e, (4 fijg), 5-8 figg(e, 6-9 Sc. and 9 dial, feg, 9 dial, vig, 5- fig. [a. OF. fige, figue, ad. Prov. figa,figua = Sp. higa (obs. rare), It. fica (rare):— popular Lat. *fica fig, f. L. ficus («-stem) fig- tree, fig. The L. ficus was taken into OE. as fic (see Fire j A 1 ) and was represented directly in OF. by fi (= It. fico, Sp. higo, Pg -figo), and *fica by fie-] X. The fruit of the fig-tree or Ficus, esp. the fruit of the Ficus carica . + Figs of Pharaoh : the fruit of the Sycamore Fig (Ficus Sycomorus). a 1225 Ancr. R. 150 Swete frut, J>et me cleped figes. C1325 Coer de L. 1549 Fyggys, raysyns, in frayel. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. iii. 29 Ne on croked kene J>orne kynde fygys wexe. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) v. 50 Fyge trees )>at beren no leves but fyges vpon the smale braunches, & men clepen hem Figes of Pharoon. c 1430 Two Cookery-bks. 15 An sethe fygys in Wyne & grynde hem. 1591 Sylvester Du Bartas I. iii. 573 The milky Fig, the Damson black and white. 1671 Salmon Syn. Med. in. lxxxii. 713 Apply a Cataplasm of Figgs and Raisons stoned. 1730-46 Thomson Autumn 679 Beneath his ample leaf the luscious fig. i8ox Southey Thalaba 11. xxxiii, Before their guest They laid .. the lus¬ cious fig. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. 1 .11.552 In the orchard hangs aloft The purple fig. b. =Ftg-tree. Any tree of the genus Ficus , esp. Ficus carica. Indian Fig: the Banyan (F. indica ), or the Pipal (F. rcligiosa ). 1382 Wyclif Num. xx. 5 The whiche ne fige getith, ne vynes, ne powmgarnettis. r 1400 Rom. Rose 1364 Fyges, & many a date tree There wexen. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 159 Fygge or fyge tre, ficus. 1664 Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 222 Figs and Mulberries will be propagated by their Suckers. 1763 Churchill Gotham 1, The Fig, which .. gave our first Parents Cloaths. i860 Delamer Kitch. Gard. 150 The Fig —Ficus carica. c. In the East and West Indies popularly applied (like the corresponding words in Fr., Sp., and Pg.), to the Banana, also to the Cochineal Cactus. 1582 N. Litchfield tr. Castaneda's Discov. E. Ind. ix. 22 Fruites: that is to saye, Pomegranets, Figges of the Indias, Orenges. 1700 S. L. tr. C. Fryke’s Two Voy. into E. I. 31 Pisang Figgs,which are a long kind of Figg. 1712 tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 17 The Indian Fig..call'd Jainacan..is the same Plant that .. hears the Cochineal. 1794 [see Cochi¬ neal 2]. + 2 . A poisoned fig used as a secret way of de¬ stroying an obnoxious person. Often Fig of Spain, Spanish, Italian fig. Obs. c 1589 Theses Martinianx 21 Have you given him an Italian figge? 1616 R. C. Times' Whistle iii. 1151 This boy . .long he shall not soe, if figs of Spain, .their force retaine. 16.. North Thcret's Lives (1657) 45 Tamberlaine .. did cause a Fig to be given him, and after his death married his widow. 1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals iii. 1. 233 Some report he was poyson’d with an Italian Fig. 1691 Bethel Provid. God 33 He.. durst not have disobeyed for fear of a Dose, or a Fig. 3 . As the name of a disease, from the resemblance in shape. f a. In human beings : The disease Ficus , or the piles. Also pi. Obs . 14.. Nom. in Wr.-Wiilcker 707 Hie figus , the fyge. 1483 Cath. Angl. 130/1 pe Figes, quidam morbus, ficus. c 1550 Lloyd Treas. Hcalth{is^s) M ij, It is good if the fygge blede. b. Fa?Tiery. An excrescence on the frog of a horse’s foot, somewhat resembling a fig. 1607 Topsell Four■/. Beasts 414 Of the Figge. A Horse having receiued any hurt, .in the sole of his foot, .there will grow in that place a certain superfluous piece of flesh, like a Figge. 1616 Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 142 You must pare the hoofe .. betwixt the sole of the foot and the figge. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Snpp., Fig in the manege, is a sort of wart on the frush and sometimes all over the body of a horse. 1823 in Crabb Technol. Diet. 4 . As a type of anything small, valueless, or con¬ temptible ; also, + a dried fig ; a fig's end. In phrases: + Never a fig ^ not at all; (io f bid, care, give) a fig, or fig's end for ; to mind, value (a pers 07 t or thing), be worth a fig or fig's end. c 1400 Destr. Troy 12206 He fortherit neuer a fyge with his fight yet. c 1450 Crt. of Love xcviii, A Figge for all her chastite 1 1571 Hanmer Chron. Irel. (1633) 115 If hee threaten as an enemie, a figge for his Monarchic, a 1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 i. 173 A feg for the fead, and a buttOun for the braggyne of all the heretikis .. in Scot¬ land. 1600 Rowlands Let. Humours Blood i. 7 All Beere in Europe is not worth a figge. 1632 Sherwood s.v. Figge , Not to care a figge for on e,faire la figue ii. 1634 Withals Diet. 557 Fumi umbra non emerim , I will not give a fig’s end for it. 1710 Brit. Apollo III. 3/1 No Man Does care a Fig for such a Woman. 1728 Vanbr. & Cib. Prov. Ilnsb. II. i. 49 Pshah ! a Fig for his Mony 1 1840 Thackeray Catherine vii, We have it from nature, and so a fig for Miss Edgeworth. 1852 — Esmond iii. ii, Nor .. is the young fellow worth a fig that would. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss ., A feg’s end for it. 1887 Poor Nellie (1888) 185 Charlie does not care a fig about it. f b. Used contemptuously; so Fig's end used as a substitute for some other word. Also as an exclamation. Cf. Fiddlcstickis ! Fiddlestick's end! Obs. 1604 Shaks. Oth. 1. iii. 322 Vertue? A figge, ’tis in our selues that we are thus, or thus. Ibid. 11. i. 256 Rodo. She’s full of most bless’d condition. Iago. Bless’d figges-end. 1752 Foote Taste 11. Wks. 1799 1 .23 This is Mynheer Baron de-. Lady. Mynheer Figs-end. 5 . dial. A raisin. 1787 Grose Proz>. Gloss ., Figs, raisins, W. 1880 in W, Corniv, Gloss. 1882 Hampsh. Gloss. 6. slafig. 1798 Edgeworth Pract. Educ. I. 315 Coiners give, .names to .. the various kinds of false money which they circulate; such as flats, or figs, or figthings. 7 . Soap-making. (See quots.) 1885 Carpenter Mannf. Soap i. 12 The appearances known as ‘grain’ or ‘strike’ in a hard soap and ‘fig’ in a soft soap, are due to the crystalline character of soap. Ibid. vi. 161 To produce a grained soft-soap (or ‘fig’). 8. Fig {of tobacco) : a small piece. Cf. Fid. *837-40 Haliburton Clockm. (1862) 187 How are you off for tobacco? said Mr. Slick. Grand, said he, got half a fig left yet. 1893 Mrs. C. Praed Outlaw 4 Lawmaker I. 103 Running round to the store for a fig of tobacco. 9 . attrib. and Comb. a. simple attrib., as fig-box, -drum, - juice , -plaster, -skin, -tart, -wasp, -wood, -yard-, fig-like adj. b. objective, as fig-gatherer, -lover, -seller. 1868 Less. Atid. Age 126 The one man of the company set his foot upon the old *fig-box. 1864 Thoreau Cafe Cad x. (1894) 324, I saw a great many barrels and ’fig-drums. 1552 Huloet, ’Figge gatherer, ficetor. 1853 Hickie tr. Aristofh. (1872) II. 637 Pound together garlic with ’fig- juice. 1845 Lindley Sell. Bot. iv. (1858) 28 b, The roots have long’fig-like fibres. 1552 Huloet,’F igge louer , ficetor. 1884 Browning Ferishtah. (1885) 56 Try a ’fig-plaster: may it ease thy pangs ! 1483 Cath. Angl. 129/2 A ’Fige celler, Jicarius. 1855 Browning FmLippo 85, I starved. .On Tig- skins. 1552 Huloet, ’Figge tartes, collybia. 1883 G. Allen in Knowl. 3 Aug. 66/1 The ’fig-wasps lay their eggs in the fruit of the caprifico. 1875 Pollen Anc. 4 Alod. Flint. 33 ’Figwood, willow, plane, elm, ash [etc.]. 1570 Levins Manip. 210/29 The ’Fygyeard, Jicetnm. 1874 Farrar Christ 55 Winding thro’ the rich figyards and olive groves. 10. Special comb., as fig-apple, a kind of apple (see quot.) ; fig-banana, a small variety of the banana common in the West Indies {Cent. Diet.) ; fig-bean, a name for several species of Lupinus ; fig-bird, (a) = Beccafico ; (/) see quot. 1854; fig-blue, soluble blue {Cent. Diet.) ; fig-cake (see quot. 1858); fig-dust, finely ground oatmeal, used as food for caged birds {Cent. Did.) ; fig-eater, {a) one who eats figs ; (b) — Beccafico ; fig-fauns = L . fattni ficarii (see Forcellini s. v. ficarius) ; fig-finch = Beccafico ; fig-flower, a fig of the first crop ; fig-frail, a frail or basket of figs (see Frail sb.) ; fig-gnat, a gnat, Culexficarius, injurious to the fig; fig-marigold, a name given to several species of the genus Mesembrianthemtim ; fig- pecker = Beccafico ; fig-peepul, the Indian Fig (see above, sense 1 b) ; fig-shell, a shell somewhat resembling a fig; fig-sue dial., a posset of bread, figs, and ale; fig-Sunday dial., Palm Sunday; fig-water, a decoction of figs. Also Fig-leaf, -tree, -WORT. 1707 Mortimer Hush. 542 The ’Fig-apple is also newly propagated, the Tree yielding no Blossoms .. nor hath the Fruit in it any Core. 1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden ccxii. 333 They are usually called Lupines .. yet some call them *Fig-beanes after the Dutch name. 1878-86 Britten & Holland Plant-nFig-Bean. 1576 Newton Lemnie's Complex. (1633) 105 *Figge-birds. 1854 J. W. Warter Last of Old Squires xiii. 138 The chiff-chaffs; one of which Sussex people call the fig-bird. 1837 Wheelwright tr. Aristo¬ phanes II. 29 She once supplied us with *fig-cakes and figs. 1858 Sjmmonds Diet. Trade , Fig-cake , a preparation of figs and almonds worked up into a hard paste, and pressed into round cakes like small cheeses. 1552 Huloet, *Figge eater, ficarius. 1678 Ray Willughby's Omith. 216 The Beccafigo or Fig eater. 1750 Bible (Douay) Jer. 1 . 39 Therefore shall dragons dwell there with the *fig-fauns. 1655 Moufet & Bennkt Health's Improv. xviii. 162 The *Fig-finch, the Thrush and the Oisters. 1719 London & Wise Compl. Gard. v. 94 Figs bear twice a year, viz. first in July and August, and are usually call’d * Fig- Flowers. 1607 Middleton Five Gallants iv. v, Upon paths made of *fig-frails. 1658 Rowland Moufet's Theat. Ins. 954 Culex ficarius , i. e. *Fig Gnat. 1731 Medley Kolben's Cape G. Hope II. 255 African *Fig-Marygold with a long triangular leaf and a flesh coloured flower. 1881 E. Holub Seven Yrs. in S. Africa I. i. 16 Fig-marigolds of various kinds are es¬ pecially prominent. 1647 R. Stapylton Juvenal 267 The ficedula or *figpecker, called by the Italian ‘ beccafico be¬ cause it feeds most on figtrees. 1864 A. V. Kirwan Host <$• Guest i. 2 Several species of dates, fig-peckers, roebuck, and wild boar. 1859 Lang Wand. India 303 The tamarind, the x 'fig-peepul, the pomegranate, and others of the plains. 1752 Sir J. Hill Hist. Anim. 151 The *Fig-shell, with the depressed clavicle. 1888 Riverside Nat. Hist. I. 352 The species of Ficula are known from their shape as fig or pear shells. i8 S i Cumbrld. Gloss., *Fig-Sue, bread and figs boiled in ale. 1850 N. Q. 1st Ser. II. 68/2 *Fig Sunday. 1747 Mrs. Delany Autobiog. (1861) II. 480 *Fig-water has cured him. + Pig (fig), sb . 2 Obs. [ad. F. figue (in phrase fairs la figue to make the gesture described), ad. It. fica ; cf. Sp. higa in dar la higa to ‘ give the fig ’. By some identified with Fig sbA (for a story purporting to account for the use, see Littre s.v.). According to others, It .fica had an indecent sense: see Tommaseo’s Diet.] A contemptuous gesture which consisted in thrust¬ ing the thumb between two of the closed fingers or into the mouth. Also, fig of Spain , and To give (a person) the fig. 1579 Ulp. Fulwell Art of Flattery ii. C iv/i For a token I thee sende A dotinge Figge of Spayne. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V, iii. vi. 62 The Figge of Spaine. 1600 Shepherd's Slumber 90 in England's Helicon Z iv, With scowling hrowes their follies check and so giue them the Fig. 1891 C. E. Norton Dante's Hell xxv. 133 The thief raised his hands with both the figs, crying, ‘ Take that God 1 ’ Pig (fig), sb$ [f. Fig vA 2. It has been asserted that in fashion prints ‘ Full fig.’ (ah- breviation for figure) and ‘Deini-fig.’ were formerly used for front and back or side views of the figure; but we have failed to find confirmation of the statement.] 1 . Dress, equipment, only in phr. in full fig. 1841 T. Hook Fathers <$• Sons xxi, In full fig for the cere- mony. 1839 De Quincey Casuistry Rom. Meals Wks. III. 269 All belted and plumed, and in full military fig. x866 Motley Corr. 14 Aug. II. 247 We all turned out in full fig the other day. FIG. 201 FIGHT. 2 . Condition, form. 1883 Sherer At Home in India 203 Lord Alaric was in great fig. -Mod. The horse was in good fig for the race. t Fig, s’. 1 Obs. rare. [f. F ig sb. 1 ] trans . only in f To Jig away (a person): to get rid of by means of a poisoned fig. Obs. Cf. Fig sb* 2. 1609 Bp. W. Barlow Ansiv. Nameless Cath . 23 Cardinals Allen and Toilet ; yea Pope Sixtus quintus himselfe, all figg’d away in a trice. Ibid. 109 What an excellent veine both Popes haue in Figging each other away. + rig, vA Obs. [f. Fig sbA] trans. To insult (a person) by giving him the fig: see Fig sbA 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, v. iii. 123 When Pistoll lyes, do this, and figge me, like The bragging Spaniard. t Fig, *.3 Obs. Also 7 figge. fyar. of Fike v} ; cf. also Fidge v.\ intr. To move briskly and restlessly; to jog to and fro. Also, to fig about. 1595 Enq. Tripe-wife (1881) 148, I trotted from my trotter stall, And figd about from neates feete neatly drest. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. i. H a71die-Cra.fis 505 Like as a hound that .. upon the sent doth ply, Figs to and fro, and fals in cheerfull cry. 1644 Quarles Barnabas <$• B. (1651) 73 They that .. run to sermons, figge to lectures, pray thrice a day [etc.], a 1734 North Exam. 1. iii. § 125 (1740) 204 Multitudes of factious People incessantly figed about. Hence Frgging vbl. sb ., and ppl. a. 1577 B. Googe II eresbach' s Htisb. (1586) 6 Not medling with figging, chopping, & changing, nor seeking their living by handicrafts. 1601 Deacon & Walker Answ. to Darel 190 Your violent fishings and figgings about those your idle vagaries, a 1627 Middleton Chaste Maid iii. ii, Their short figging little shittle-cock heels ! a 1659 Osborn Observ. Turks Wks. (1673) 334 Their daily figging up and down the streets, .unattended, a 1693 Urquiiart Rabelais 11. xxxii, Their.-figging Itch, wrigling Mordicancy. # 1734 North Lives I. 99 His figging about at the first entrance. Fig (fig), vf [var. of Feague.] 1 . trans. = Feague v. 2 b. To Jig out (a horse) : to trot out in lively condition. Also to Jig tip, to make lively or spirited. 1810 Sport big Mag. XXXVI. 182 He said the horse, .was figged with ginger. 1819 Moore Tom Crib's Mem. 24 In vain did they try to fig up the old lad. 1825 C. M. West- MACOTT Eng. Spy I. 177 Fig out two lively ones [horses]. 2 . To jig out : to dress, ‘ get up Also to Jig up : to furbish up, make 1 smart \ 1837 Marryat Dog-fetid xx, Landsmen are figged out as fine as Lord Harry. 1841 Thackeray Sec. Fun. Nap. i, Cowards fig themselves out.. as ‘ salvage men '. 1872 Punch 9 Nov. 196/1 It [ahouse] wants a little figging up. 1883 W. C. Russell in Longm. Mag. III. 123 The waiter’s costume, as he styled the dress I had figged myself out in. + 3 . ? To stuff. Obs. rare~ l . Johnson explains this: ‘ To put something useless into a person’s head. Low Cant.' 1692 R. L’Estrange Fables cccciii. 378 Away to the Sow she goes, and Figs her in the Crown with another Story. + Fig, vA slang. Obs. [Of doubtful origin; perh. (like Feague, Fig vA, Fake) repr. Ger. fegen : see Fake v. The spelling fegge (see Fig- boy) seems to support this.] intr. To pick pockets. Hence Fi’gger (see quot.). Fi gging vbl. sb. only in figging-law (see quot. 1785). c 1550 Dice-Play Bva, Hyghe law robbery; Figginge law, picke purse crafte. 1611 Dekker Roaring Girle Wks. 1873 III. 220 All his traine study the figging law. 1785 Grose Diet. Vulg. Tong., Figger, a little boy put in a window to hand out goods to the diver. Ibid., Figgbig law , the art of picking pockets. + Figarde. Obs. rare — ' 1 . [corruptly ad. L. fygarg-usi] = Pygarg. 1388 Wyclif Dent. xiv. 5 A figarde. Figary, var. form of Fegary, vagary. Figate, 1 obs. form of Faggot. 164S N. Drake Siege Pontefr. (Surtees) 69 They made figates, of which they made a barricado. This eevning the enemy was seene to bring, .figates. + Fi‘g-boy. Obs. slang, [f. stem of Fig v. 5 + Boy.] A pickpocket. c 1550 Dice-Play Dvb, Where by fyne fingered Fegge boye.. picked shalbe his purse. 1602 W. Watson Qitodlibets Relig. ff State 61 Practicall science inuented by fig-boyes, and men of the Bernard high lawe. + Fi’g-dote. Obs. Also 5 -dode, 7 -date. Con¬ jectured to be ad. P g-figo doudo, wild (lit. ‘ mad ’) fig, = Fr . figtic folle. Cf. Du. vijghe dote, dodesche •vijgh (Kilian) in same sense. In the S. W. counties dough-fig is used for a dried fig, the word fig alone meaning a raisin.] An inferior kind of fig. 1481-90 Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 351 Item, for a topet of fygge dodes ij.s. 1552 Huloet, Figge dote, busicon. 1655 Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. xxii. 204 Let Dioscorides commend his..yellow figs..and Pra- tensis his Mariscas or Fig-dates. + Figee. Obs. Forms : 4-5 fygey(e, 5 figee, figge. [Perh. originally a. OF. fige a dish of curds, subst. use of pa. pple of figer to curdle; in later use associated with Fig sb. 1 ] A dish in old cookery: a. of fish (see quot. 1381); b. of figs,etc. 1381 in S. Pegge Forme of Cury (1780) 114 For to make Fygey. Nym Lucys or tenchis and hak hem in morsells [etc.]. 14 . Noble Bk. Cookry (Napier 1882) 119 A figge. To mak a figge tak figges and boile them in wyne, then [etc.]. c 1450 Two Cookery-bks. 94 Ffygey. Take figges and caste hem in a potte And [etc.]. + Fi'gent, a. Obs. Also 6 figgent, 7 figient, Fitchant [? f. Fidge v. + -ent.] Fidgety, restless. 1598 E. Gilpin Skial. (1878) 51 He.. Is an odd figgent iack VOL, IV. called Iealousie. 1605 Chapman, etc. Easiw. Hoe iii. ii. D ivb, Quick. What kind of figent memory haue you? Pet. Nay then, what kind of figent wit hast thou ? 1613 Beaum. & Fl. Coxcomb iv. iii, He was somewhat figent with me. a 1616 — Fr. Lawyer iii. i, I have known such a wrang¬ ling advocate. Such a little figent thing, a 1627 Middleton Chaste Maid iii. iii, I never could stand long in one place yet; I learnt it of my father, ever figient. t Fi'ger. Obs. [y. OF. figier (mod.F.figuier), f. figtte Fig sbd ] A fig-tree. Also Jiger-tree. a 1300 Cursor M. 804 (Cott. - ) pai cled }?am pan in pat mister Wit leues brad bath o figer. c 1300 K. Alt's. 5784 Appel trowes and fygeres. c 1320 Sir Tristr. 3082 Ful ner pe gat pai abade Vnder a figer tre. a 1400 Pistill of Susan 86 On Firres and fygers J>ei fongen heore seetes. 1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 112 The curse that Crist 3af to Phariseis, figured in the figre tree. f Fi'getive, 0. Her. Obs. Also 5 figityve, 7 figitive. [ad. heraldic Lat. figitiv-us irregularly f. L. figere to fix : see -tive.] = Fetched. i486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. C vj b, Thys cros is founde other while pycche or figityue in armys. 1610 Guillim Heraldry 11. vii. (1611) 69 Crosses that haue the whole fourth part figitive. 1828-40 Berry Encycl. Herald. I, Figetive, fitched. Figged (figd), ppl. a. [f. Fig sb . 1 + -ed^.] = Fjggy 2 and 3. 1720 Humourist 157 Then they, .eat figged pudding. 1839 Ure Diet. Arts , etc. s.v. Soap , Interspersed with the figged granulations of stearate of potash. Fi-ggery, sb. rare. [f. Fig sb. 3 or vA + -euy.] Dressy ornament. 1841 Thackeray Sec. Fun. Nap. i, Coquettes, .cover their persons with figgery, fantastically arranged. Frggery-four, vulgar U.S. pronunc. of figure- (of~) four (trap): see Figure sb. 19 c. Figging (fi'gitj), sb. [f. Fig sb . 1 + -ing h] The granulation produced in soft soap by the addition of tallow in the manufacture. 1839 Ure Diet. Arts, etc. s.v. Soap. + Fi*ggins. Obs. [A variant form of Fegs.] 1653 Urquhart Rabelais 1. v, By my figgins, godmother, I cannot as yet enter in the humour of being merry. a 1693 Ibid. iii. Iii, By my Figgins, I believe it. + Fi'ggle, v. Obs. rare~ x . [Cf. Fig vA and Daggle, Draggle, etc.] intr. To fidget about. a 1652 Brome Lovesick Court v. ii. Our fleecy sheep, Who shake their heads, figgle, and writh their tayls. + Figgum. Obs. ? Juggler’s tricks. 1616 B. Jonson Devil an Ass v. viii, Tay. See, he spits fire. Pov. O no, he plaies at Figgum, The Diuell is the Author of wicked Figgum. Piggy (fvgi), a. [f. Fig sbA + -y k] 1 . Resembling figs, sweet as figs; in quot.yfg - . 1548 Hooper Declar. 10 Commandm. iv. 39 A gentle, swete, and fyggie god that, .will not see thabhomination. 2 . Made with figs, i. e. raisins ; see Fig sb . 1 5. 1846 Spec. Cornish Dial. 53 A thoomping figgy pudden. 1867 Smyth _ Sailor's Word-bk., Figgie-dowdie, a west- country pudding, made with raisins, and much in vogue at sea among the Cornish and Devon men. 3 . In Soap-making: Containing white granula¬ tions, like the seeds of figs, of stearate of potash. 1862 O’Neill Dyeing Calico Print. 185/1 The quality of soft soap is thought to depend in some measure upon the existence of white particles diffused through the mass, pro¬ ducing the appearance called ‘ figgy'. Fight (feit), sb. Forms: a. 1 feoht(e, 2-3 fiht(e, 3 feeht(e, fahte, feht(e, south . veht, feiht, (feoht, fith, fipt, fyjte), 3-5 fi5t(e, south. 3 vihte, 4 vi(y)3t, (4 fe}t, fieht, fyhte, south. vyhte, fyth), 4-5 fyght, (5 feght, feyghte, fighte), 5-6, 9 Sc. fecht, 8 Sc. (faught), 9 dial, feight, 3, 5- fight. ( 3 . 1 sefeoht, 2-3 ifiht. [f. next vb.; OE. had three words, feohte wk. fern., feoht and gefcoht str. neut. Cf. OFris. Jiuchte wk. fern., OS. and OHG. fehta str. fern. (MHG. vehte fern.); also Du. gcvecht , OHG. gifeht (MHG. geveht , mod.Ger. ge/echt) str. neut.] 1 . The action of fighting. Now only arch, in phrase {valiant , etc.) in fight. + In fight : en¬ gaged in battle. Bccnuulf 959 (Gr.) We }>c£t ellenweorc. .feohtan fremedon. c 1000 Ags. Ps. cxliii[i]. 1 God.. taece}? handa mine to feohte. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 151 Beo 5 stronge on fihte. c 1205 Lay. 23208 To-gaedre heo fusden and veht heo bigunnen. 13. . E. E. Allit. P. B. 275 He watz famed for fre j?at fe3t loued best. 1340 Aye7ib. 219 Moyses ouercom amalec .. na3t be ui^t: ac be his holy biddinges. c 1420 Anturs of Arth. xxii, For Fraunse haue 3e frely with 3aure fi3te wonne. 1513 Douglas AEneis x. vi. 76 Thar syre that. .compan3eon was in fecht To Hercules. 1548 Hall Chron. (1809) 296 The Erie of Warwick after long fight, wisely did perceiue his men to be ouerpressed. 1592 Shaks. Ven. <5* Ad. 114 The god of fight. 1666 Evelyn Mem. (1857) n * 5 The Duke of Albemarle was still in fight. 1680 Morden Geog. Red. 11685) 88 No River, .affordeth more .. sufficiency for Fight. 1859 Tennyson Enid 223 So that I be not fall’n in fight. b. In obvious phrases : To + fang, + take (the) fight, to give fight, to make (a) fight. ^1300 Cursor M. 5515 (Cott.) If J?ai tak agains vs fight. c 1450 Golagros $ Gaw. 762 Of thair strife sa strang, The feght so fellely thai fang. 1831 Examiner 89/1 Suppose they, .should make fight upon the occasion. 1833 Marryat P. Simple x, They .. had resolved to ‘ give fight'. 1847 — Childr. N. Forest xx, We will make a fight for it. 1884 Times 5 Mar. 5/2 Apparently, .he made a great fight. + C. Method of fighting. Obs . 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) 89 After the maner of the fight of that time, 1613 Hayward William I 77 After¬ ward the English, being trained to that fight [i. e. the prac- tice of archery] did thereby chiefly maintaine themselues with honourable aduantage against all nations. 2 . A combat, battle. a. A hostile encounter or engagement between opposing forces; = Battle i. Now arch, or rhetorical. C 893 K. iELFRED Oros. 1. ix. § I pmt .. fcefeoht betuh Cretense & Atheniense J?am folcum. c 1205 Lay. 18693 Alle } a seouen nihte Baste }>at selliche feoht. c 1310 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 190 Sire Jakes ascapede. .Out of the fyhte. .in wel muchele drede. 1596 Shaks. i He7i. IV, 11. iii. 58 Thou hast talk'd. .Of. .all the current of a lieaddy fight. 1600 Hol- land Livy ix. 327 The conflicts and fights at sea, in the first Punick warre. a 1671 Ld. Fairfax Mem. (1699) 68 This was the issue of Hornsby Fight. 1789 Cowper Ann. Mem. 1789, 23 Siege after siege, fight after fight. 1821 Shelley Hellas 474 The sea-convulsing fight. 1852 Ten¬ nyson Ode Death Dk. Wellington 96 He that gain’d a hundred fights. b. A combat between two or more persons or animals. Not now usually applied (exc. rhetoric¬ ally) to a formal duel, but suggesting primarily either the notion of a brawl or unpremeditated en¬ counter, or that of a pugilistic combat. c 1300 IIavclok 2668 So was bi-twenen hem a fiht Fro \> Q morwen ner to niht. a 1400 Octouia?i 1093 The Sarsyns cryde . .To hare God Mahone To help her geaunt in that fyght. 1606 Shaks. Tr. $ Cr. iv. v. 90 As you and Lord iEneas Consent vpon the order of their fight. 1678 Butler Hud. iii. i. 84 The ancient Errant Knights Won all their Ladies’ Hearts in Fights. 1712-4 Pope Rape Lock v. 77 Nor fear’d the Chief th’ unequal fight to try, Who sought no more than on his foe to die. 1818 Shelley Rev. Islam I. viii. 4 An Eagle and a Serpent wreathed in fight. 1826 J. Wilson Nod. Ambr. Wks. 1855 I. 174 You hear .. faint far-aff echoes o’ fechts wi' watchmen. 1840 Blaine E7icycl. Rur. Sports § 4077 (1852) 1229 New rules of the ring .. adopted after a fatal fight between [etc.]. c. With various qualifying attributes. Running fight : a fight kept up while one party flees and the other pursues. Sham fight : a mimic battle (in¬ tended to exercise or test the troops engaged, or simply for display) + Single fight: a duel. Stand-tip fight : one in which the combatants 1 stand up ’ manfully to each other. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, v. i. 100, I .. will .. Try fortune with him, in a Single Fight. 1697 Dryden AEncid viii. 751 Herilus in single Fight I slew. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. s.v. Fights , Running Fights [at Sea]. 1876 Green Short Hist. vii. § 4. 411 The running fight between the two fleets lasted throughout the week. 1884 Pall Mall G. 9 July 1/1 We can all understand a stand-up fight on a clear issue. 1890 Spectator 20 Sept. 362/2 The sham fight near Gross- wardein in Hungary. 3 . fig. Strife, conflict, struggle for victory; = Battle 7. c 1000 Bi Manna Mode 66 (Gr.) Wear (5 seo feohte to grim. a 1225 Alter. 1 \. 162 Ure Louerd sulf stont [>er bi uihte. a 1300 Cursor M. 20114 (Gott.) Loued scho nou[>er fith na striue. 1340 Ayenb. 131 A ueld of uiy3t huerinne him be- houe}> eure to libbe. 1526-34 Tindale i Tim. vi. 12 Fyght the good fyght of fayth. 1667 Milton P. L. vi. 30 Well hast thou fought The better fight. 1794 Burns Contented wi' little 6 Man is a sodger, and life is a faught. 1818 Shelley Rev. Islam v. ii. 7 What secret fight Evil and good. .Waged thro’ that silent throng. 4 . Power, strength or inclination for fighting; pugnacity. Also in to show fight. 1812 Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 138 Which ultimately took the fight out of him. 1863 H. Kingsley A. Elliot I. xv. 188 Until—something or another happens to make little Eleanor show fight. 1886 M°Carthy & Praed Right Hon. I. vii. 120 Their country had fight enough in her yet. 1892 G. Hake Mem. 80 Years lxiv. 272 Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, a man of fight. 15 . A kind of screen used during a naval engagement to conceal and protect the crew of the vessel. Usually in pi. Obs. See also Close- eight. 1598 Shaks. Merry IV. n. ii. 142 Clap on more sailes, pursue : vp with your fights Giue fire. 1631 Hey wood Fair Maid of J Vest iv. Wks. 1874 II. 316 Then now up with your fights. 1673 Dryden Amboyna iii. iii. Song, Up with your Fights and your Nettings prepare. 1678 Phillips, Fightts in Navigation, are the Waste- [printed Mast-] clothes which hang round about the Ship, to hinder men from being seen in fight, or any place wherein men may cover themselves and yet use their Arms. 1721-1800 in Bailey. + b. Foremost fight (nonce-use): a breastwork on a rampart; = fotxfight , L . propugnaculum. c 1611 Chapman Iliad xn. 271 They fiercely set vpon .. The Parrapets. .ras't euerie formost fight. .The Greeks yet stood, and stil repaird the forefights of their wall. t 6. A division of an army in battle array. Cf. Battle sb. 8 . Obs. 1622 Drayton Poly-olb. xxii. 221 The King into three fights his forces doth divide. 7 . Comb., as in \fight-field, -lime. Also f fight- rac’t (?= -racked) a., overthrown in battle; + fight- wite, a fine for taking part in a disturbance. 1611 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. iv. iv. Decay 931 Till one winding Cave Become the*Fight-Field of two Armies brave. fri6n Chapman Iliad iv. 490 His fall was like a *fight-rac , t towre. c 1400 Destr. Troy 6267 pat our fos with no faulshed in |>e *fyght tyme, Sese not our Cit< 5 . C900 Laws Edw. $ Guth. xiii, paet *fyht-wite. c 1250 Gloss. Law Terms in Rel. Ant. I. 33 Ficthwite, quite de medlee de lamerci. Fight (foit), v. Pa. t. and pa. pple. fought (fpt). Forms : Infin . 1 feohtan, fehtan, north . fehta, 3 fehten, south . vehten, (3 feahten, fahten, 26 FIGHT, 202 FIGHTING. fuhten), 3-5 fe}t(e, (4 fett), 3 -6 feghte, 4-8 Sc. fecht; 2-3 feihten, (4 feyjtte), 5-6 feyght(yn, (5 fayijte, 6 Sc. feicht), 6, 9 dial, feight; 2-3 fihten, Orm. fihhtenn, 3-5 fi3te(n, fite(n, 4 south, vi^te, (4 fi^hte, fypt), 4-5 fighte(n, 4-6 fyghte, 9 dial, foight, fught, 3- fight. Pa. t. 1 feaht, fseht, pi. fuhton, (2 feight, 3 faht, fseht, feaht, feht, feoht, feuht, fuht), 3-5 fa3t(e, -ght^e, 3 south, vagt, (3 fachte, fagt, fapt), 3-5 fo}te, (5 foghte, faghte), (3 fougte, 4 fouhte, 6 fougte, foughted, fowght, 9 fout), 3-5 faujte, -ghte, (4 fauht, -th, fawght, 5 faughth, fawte, 6 faucht), (5 fet, 8-9 dial, or vulgar fit), 6- fought. Pa. fple. 1 fohten, 3-6 foghten, (3 fughten), 4 foujten, (foo^te, fougte), 5-9 arch, foughten, (4 -yn, 6 fochin, 6 fowth, 6- fought), 7-9 dial, or vulgar fit, fitten. [A Com. WGer. strong vb.: OE. feoht an -- OFris .fiuchta y OS. * feht an (not re¬ corded, but of. the sb .fehta; Du. vechtcn ), OHG. fehtan (MHG. vehten, mod.Ger.y^te;*)OTeut. type ffehtan (faht, fuhtum,fohto?io-). The conjugation of this vb. is peculiar, because in all the other vbs. that have the u- and 0 - grades these are caused by the presence of a liquid or nasal; possibly the forms have been influenced by the analogy of Jlehtan to plait. Outside Teutonic the formal equivalent is L fcctere to comb, though the difference in sense causes some difficulty; see Brugmann Grundriss II. § 680.] 1 . intr. To contend in battle or single combat. c 900 Pol. Laws A If red vii, Be Son #e mon on cynges healle feohte. 1000 Riddles vii. 5 (Gr.) Mec min frea feohtan hateS. c 1205 Lay. 3939 Heo bi-gunnen to fuhten. c 1250 Gen. < 5 * Ex. 3227 He ne mo3en listen a*3en, for [he] wio- vten wopen ben. a 1300 Cursor If. 5666 (Cott.) Feghtand fand he Iuus tua. 1352 Minot Poems v. 78 Sir Edward, oure gude king .. Faght wele on pat flude. C1430 Lydg. Bochas viii. xxix. (1554' 194 b, Howe King Arthur.. Fet with his knightes, and liueth in Fayrie. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Ay mon xii. 291 Yf we fyghte strongly, he is deed wythout remedy. 15.. Sir A. Barton in Snrtees Misc . (1890) 73 Feight till ye heare my whisstill blowe. 1596 Shaks. i Hoi. IV, v. iv. 151 We rose both at an instant and fought a long houre by Shrewsburie clocke. 1603 Florio Montaigne 1. iii. (1632) 7 Captaine Bayart .. having stoutly foughten so long as he could stand. 1700 Congreve Way of World 111. x, I thought once they wou’d have fit. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) II. xii. 263, I..resolved to die fighting to the last gasp. 1869 Blackmore Lorna D. ii, Not that I was afraid of fighting. .1 had. .foughten all that time. b. Const, against , f on or f upon, with (a person) ; hence, to fight together. O E Chron. an. 514 Stuf & Wihtgar fuhtun wip Brettas. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xiv. 31 OSSe gyf hwylc cynincg wyle faran & feohtan a$en oSerne cyning, 6x175 Lamb. Horn. 129 pe King constantinus ouer com al pet folc pe feiht tonemes him. c 1200 Ormin 1842 He shollde fihhtenn Onn3sen an drake, a 1300 Cursor M. 6405 (Cott.) A lauerding hight amalec, pat on bam faght, and pai on him. 6'1340 Ibid. 7462 (Trin.) Ouper sende he to me hider A mon pat we may fi^te to gider. a 1400 Burgh Laws xii. (Sc. Stat. I), He may nocht fecht apon pe burges. 1473 Warkw. Chron. 6 Ther thei faughthe strongly togedere. 1535 Coverdale 1 Macc. xii. 13 The kynges aboute vs haue foughten agaynst vs. 1611 Bible i Sam. xvii. 10 Giue me a man, that we may fight together. 1678 Lady Chaworth in Hist. MSS. Conun. 12th Rep. App. v. 48 Some of [the King of France’] ships have fought with some Dutch ones. 17x5 De Foe Earn. Instruct. (1841) I. iv. 86 It may be your mother may fight with you. 1804 R. Anderson Cuvtbrld. Ball. 83 What.. a lickin Tou gat when tou fit wi’ Tom Wheyte. c. Const. for= on behalf of (a person, etc.) ; on account of (a thing); hence in indirect passive. a 1300 Cursor M. 15735 (Cott.) Al redi for to fight, On him he su’.d ha foghten fore, c 1320 Sir Tristr. 1034 He fau3t for ingland, C1440 Gesta Rom. xlix. 220 (Harl. MS.), I wolle Fite for hir. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. Iv. 19 Angels, whome wee know to feyght in battellray for us. 1672-3 Marvell Reh. Transp. Wks. II. 212, I think the cause was too good to have been fought for. 1782 Wolcot in J. J. Rogers Opie (1878) 22 He .. is ready to fight up to his knees in blood for her Majesty. 1847 Mrs. A. Kerr Hist. Servia xx. 364 The principle of emancipating the Christian population, for which the Servians fought. d. Proverb. 7 a 1300 Salomon < 5 * Sat. (1848) 272 Wei fypt pat w el flyp quop Hendyng. CX440 Gesta Rom. lvii. 420 (Add. MS.) It is an olde sawe, He feghtith wele that fleith faste. e. To bring or get (oneself) into, out of to (a certain condition, etc.) by fighting. 1640 Lawfulness Expedit. Eng. 3 We must doe as a man that fighteth himselfe out of prison. 1643 S. Marshall Let. 26 So many unworthy Gentlemen .. fight themselves and posterity into slavery. 1873 Sat. Rev. 10 May 630/2 His sentence is to fight himself to death with trained gladiators in the amphitheatre. f. Phrases. To fight with one's own shadow: to struggle vainly ; to talk at random. Cf. Gr. 0 Kianaxe aide neddre. ci 200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 137 pe flesliche lustes pe fihteS togenes pe soule. a 1341a Hamlole Psalter x\ iii. 5 His body in pe whilke he faght wip pe fend. 1393 Langi.. P. PI. C. xxii. 65 To fighten and fenden ous fro fallyng in-to synne. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour Duj, Alwey fyghtynge ageynst the fire of lecherye. 1582 Bentley Mon. Matrones ii. 17 Against whome for my sake thou foughtedst so sore on the crosse. 16x1 Bible i Cor. ix. 26 So fight I, not as one that beateth the ay re. 1645 E. Calamy Indictm. agst. Eng. 9 Men that fight against a Reformation. 1733 Pope Ess. Man iii. 305 For Modes of Faith let graceless zealots fight. 1855 Tennyson Maud iii. vi. 57 It is better to fight for the good than to rail at the ill. x875 J. C. Wilcocks Sea Fisherman 163 These larger fish fight well, sometimes requiring five or six minutes to kill them. b. To fight up against : to struggle against (something of overwhelming power). 1768 Sterne Sent. Journ. (1778) II. 54 (Sword) The Marquis .. had fought up against his condition with great firmness. 1817 Coleridge Biog. Lit. (1847) II. 142 I soon felt that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect. 1838 Lytton Alice vii. v, Lumley fought up against his own sensations. c. To clash or jar with, rare. a 1624 Swinburne Spousals (1686) 8 This distinction fighteth with the former definition of Spousals. 1645 Rutherford Tryal Tri. Faith (1845) 81 It cannot be meant of Christ personally, for so it should fight with the scope of Paul. 1876 Miss Yonge JVomankind xv. 116 One of those tints that ‘ fight ’ with the fewest colours. + d. To operate as an argument, ‘militate.* 1587 Golding De Mornay xiv. 213 All the reasons which thou alledgest against the immortalitie of the soule, doe feight directly to the proofe of it. 3 . quasi-^aw. with cognate object. Also j- to fight it. a 1300 Cursor M. 17090 (Cott.) Hu he again ur wyperwin, ur bateil tok to fight. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xxxi. 45 There was a sore batayle, and well foughten hande to hande. 1526-34 Tindale i Tim. vi. 12 Fyght the good fyght of fayth. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, 1. iii. 220, I shall neuer be able to fight a blow. 1606 G. W[oodcocke] tr. Ivstin 68 a, Their was a field fought betweene the fugetiue senators and himselfe. 1697 Dryden Vug. Georg, ii. 766 His wanton Kids .. Fight Harmless Battels in his homely Yard. X769 Goldsmith Roman IIistory (1786) II. 498 The senate dis¬ patched their ambassadors to Alaric, desiring him .. to give them leave to fight it with him in the open field. 1776 Hurst in Trial of Nundocomar 64/1 The battle of Buzar was fought the 23d of October. 1819 Shelley Peter Bell vi. ix. 5 I’ve half a mind to fight a duel. 1847 Marryat Childr. N. Forest xxvii, A severe action was fought in the streets. b. To maintain (a cause, quarrel) by fighting. Often iransf., to fight an action (at law), a case, etc. 1600 Shaks. A. Y. L. v. iv. 49, I haue had foure quarrels and like to haue fought one. 1713 Addison Cato 1. i, He fights the cause Of honor, virtue, liberty, and Rome. X784 Bage Barham D. I. 239 We fought this business four whole days. 1868 Yates Rock Ahead iii. v, Gilbert Lloyd saw that there was no use fighting the question any longer. 1893 Law Times XCIV. 559/1 If I had had my way, I would have fought every one of these actions. C. To win or make (one’s way) by fighting. 1859 Tennyson Enid 870, I will not fight my way with gilded arms. All shall be iron. 1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. iv. (1889) 36 No one knew whether a boy .. would have to fight his own way in the world. 4 . trans. To combat; to engage or oppose in battle ; to war against. 1697 Dryden xEneid vii. 655 To fight the Phrygian and Ausonian hosts. 1794 Southey Botany-Bay Eel. ii, ’Tis a fine thing to fight the French for fame ! 1859 Tennyson Enid 221 Then will I fight him and will break his pride. b. transf. and fig. X784 Cowper Task iii. 560 The shifts Which he that fights a season so severe Devises. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. cxiv. 10 She cannot fight the fear of death. X852 M. Arnold Tristr. <5- Iseult xiv, Some ship that fights the gale. c. To beat, flog. Chiefly absol. Obs. exc. dial. X573 Tusser Husb. Ixxvii. (1878) 169 A wand in thy hand, though ye fight not at all, makes youth to their businesse better to fall. 1875 Sussex Gloss., ‘ I wants more learning and less fighting.’ 1877 N. W. Line. Gloss., ‘I sha'n’t let our Bob go to school no more, master feights bairns.* 5 . To contend in single combat for (a prize). 1826 Scott Woodst. xiv, I ..have fought prizes. 1835 Browning Paracelsus iv. 119 While we fight the prize, Troop you in safety to the snug backseats. 6 . To cause to fight; to set on to fight. n68o Hickeringill Whs. (1716) II. 528 The Prince of Poets, .never fights his Champion Achilles, till he has first buckled on him his Armour of Proof. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xvi, The nobles and gentry had fought cocks. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. iv, Rubbish was shot, dogs were fought. 7 . To command, manage, or manoeuvre (troops, a ship, gun, etc.) in battle. X779 Burgoyne Let. to Constituents (ed. 3) 15 My intention of fighting my own regiment as colonel. 1812 J. B. Skerrett in Examiner 28 Sept. 615/1 Gallantly fighting his gun. rt^Blackiv. Mag. LIV. 216 He fights his vessel well. 1862 Gen. Lee in Century Mag. May (1887) 150/1 General A. P. Hill, .fights his troops well. 8 . With adverbs. To fight back: to resist. To fight down : to overcome. To fight off : {a) trans. to deliver oneself with effort from ; to repel, lit. and fig .; {b) intr . to try to back out of anything, f To fight over : to fight one after another. To fight out : to settle (a dispute) by fighting, to fight to the end; often to fight it out. X548 W. Patten in Arber’s Garner III. 109 If they had meant to fight it out. X588 Shaks. Tit. A. v. iii. 102 That true hand that fought Romes quarrell out. 1610 Shaks. Temp. iii. iii. 103 But one feend at a time lie fight their Legions ore. a 1732 T. Boston Crook in Lot (1805) 99 It is better to yield to providence, than to fight it out. 1787 Burke Corr.y 1844' III. 49 You perceive the manner in which Anderson fights off. 1800 Dundas in Owen Wellesley's Desp. 56 ,1 must therefore fight it down. 1810 Bentham Packing 1821) 51 After fighting off till judgment. 1831 Examiner 193/2 Stand to, and fight it out without fear. 1833 T. Hook Widow $ Marquess (1842) 242 Fight off the wedding, if you please : be ill—make any excuse. 1886 Law 'Times* Rep. LV. 283/1 The issues which are not fought out. 1890 John Bull 5 Apr. 229/2 These people were fighting back the diseases manfully. 9 . To fight shy: perh. orig. to lose confidence in battle ; recorded only in the sense : To keep aloof, avoid intercourse with a person, evade an under¬ taking, etc. Const, ofi. Similarly in 15th c. To fight sore at heart. c 1489 Caxton Sotuies ofAymon iv. 125 He knewe well he sayd trouth and beganne to fyghte sore atte his herte. 1778 Mad. D’Arblay Diary Nov., I fight very shy with Mr. Seward, and. .he takes the hint. 1786 Mackenzie Lounger No. 98 ? 2, I fought a little shy, as the saying is. 182X W. Irving Life Sf Lett. (1864) II. 44, I have .. had to fight shy of invitations that would exhaust time and spirits. 1867 Froude Short Stud. (ed. 2) 138 The better sort of people fight shy of him. Fightable (faitab’L, a. [f. prec. + -able.] Ready for fight, in fighting trim. 1823 C. Westmacott Points of Misery 32 Drover very abusive, coachee very fightable. 1837 New Monthly Mag. L. 422 If the chap’s fightable, I’m his man. 1864 Daily Tel. 11 Nov., The Sanspareil .. came out of action a fight¬ able ship. Fighter (fai tar). [? OE .feohtere (Lye) = OHG. fehtdri (MHG, vchtsere, mod. Ger. fechter) : see Fight v. and -er L] 1 . One who fights; occas. a fighting man,a warrior. C1300 K. Alis. 5703 Alle his gode fightteres. X375 Bar¬ bour Bruce xi. 102 He had of fechtaris with hym thar Ane hundreth thousand men and ma. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 66/1 This geaunt hath ben a fightar fro his chyldehod. 1685 Baxter Paraphr. N. T. Matt. x. 16 Sheep and Doves are no good fighters against Wolves and Hawks. 1763 Churchill Ghost 1. 173 Whether repletion is not bad, And fighters with full stomachs mad. 1823 Byron Juan xiv. xx, I’ve seen them [writers] balance even the scale with fighters. 1883 Stevenson Treasure 1 st. 1. ii (1886) 11 He did not look much like a fighter. fig. a 1300 Cursor M. 18081 (Cott.) A faint fighter me thine er pou. c 1430 Life St. Hath. (Gibbs MS.) 64 My lord ihesu criste whyche is pe hope and croune of alle his fyghters. 1656 S. Winter Serm. 181 Lest you seem to .. be found fighters against the Lord of hosts. i86x Trench Epistles 7 Churches 86 These daring fighters against God. f b. One employed to fight; a champion, bully. x6ix Beaum. & Fl. Maid’s Trag. iv. i, Y’are grown a glorious Whore, where be your Fighters? 6*1683 Roxb. Ball . V. 215 Keep Frank still for your writer, And Poulteney for your fighter. + 2 . A pugnacious person ; a brawler. Obs. c 1400 Destr. Troy 1751 The fortune of feghters may be fell chaunse. X413 Lydg. Pilgr. Sowle iv. xxxv. (1483) 83 Robbours .. fyghters and debatours. 1552 Act 5-6 Edw. VI, c. 4 § 3 Fray-makers and Fighters. 1557 N. T. (Genev.) 1 Tim . iii. 3 No fighter, not couetous. Fighteress (fsrtares). rare. [f. prec. + -ess.] A female fighter or soldier, an Amazon. 1864 R. F. Burton Dahome II. 69 foot-n., The king., keeps the fighteresses for himself. Fighting (fai-tiq), vbl. sb. [f. Fight v. + -ing h] 1 . The action of the vb. Fight in various senses; an instance of the same. a 1225 Ancr. R. 228 pe ueorcSe uroure is, sikernesse of Godes helpe iSe vihtunge a3ein. 1340 Ayenb. 239 He hedde arered and ymad manye werren and manye vi3tinges. 1484 Caxton Fables of TEsop, etc. (1889) II. 310 The fyghtynge of the wymmen. 1535 Coverdale i Esdras iv. 6 The other yt medle not with warres and fightinge. 1724 De Foe Mem. Cavalier(1%40) 58, I have had fighting enough, .upon these points of honour. 1828 40 Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) I. 172 It was impossible to come to close fighting. 1871 Freeman Nonn. Conq. (1876) IV. xviii. 231 While they were, .receiving the rewards of tneir fightings. f 2 . An alleged designation for a company of beggars. Obs. i486 Bk. St. Albans F vj b, A Fightyng of beggers. 3 . attrib. and Comb. a. simple attrib., as fighting- day, face, -gear , - ground\ -line , - order , -ship, -song, -strength , -trim. iqqS Biog. Brit. (ed. 2) I. 240 note. He was a coward who had his ^fighting days. 1879 Browning Halbert <5- Hob 58 With an outburst blackening still the old bad * fighting- face. 1816 Scott Pibroch of Donuil Dhu , Come with your ^fighting gear, Broadswords and targes. 1845 James A. Neil vii, We might contrive to get into better ^fighting ground. 1883 Daily News 21 Sept. 5/4 Detachments, .all in full "fighting order. 1863 P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 185 No ^fighting ship is worth anything now-a*days without coal and speed. 1872 Black Adv. Phaeton xxviii. 379 Now this is a ^fighting song. 1580 Sidney Ps. xviii. 11 My *figluing strength, by thy strength, strengthned was. 1886 J. K. Laughton in Diet. Nat. Biog. VI. 387/1 The urgent ne¬ cessity of keeping the ship at all times in perfect ^fighting trim. b. Special comb.: fighting-cock, see Cock sb} 2 b.; fighting-field = Battle-field ; fighting- lanterns, lanterns used during night actions; fighting-sails (seequot. 1S67); t fighting-school, a gymnasium ; + fighting-stead Sc., battle-field ; fighting-stopper Naut. (see quot.); t fighting- wise, battle array. 1676 Dryden Aurengz. 11. i. 935 In ^Fighting Fields, where our Acquaintance grew. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word- FIGHTING. 203 FIGURANT. bk. t * Fighting-Ian terns. 1627 Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. xii. 58 If you see your chase strip himselfe into •fighting sailes. 1867 Smyth Sailor s Word-bkFighting* sails, those to which a ship is reduced when going into action; formerly implying the courses and topsails only. 1535 Coverdale 2 Macc. iv. 12 He durst make a *fightinge scole vnder y^castell. 1375 Barbour Bruce xv. 378 lHe] wes ded richt in that ilk *fechting-sted. 1881 Hamersly's Naval Encycl., * Fighting-stopper, an arrangement of two dead-eyes, connected by rope laniards, and furnished each with a tail of rope. When a shroud is parted in action, the tails embrace the severed parts, and then they are hauled together by the laniard, c 1340 Gaw. Gr. Knt. 267 Had I founded in fere, in *fe3tyng wyse, I haue a hauberghe at home and a helme boJ>e. Fighting (fortiij), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing 2 .] 1 . That fights, able and ready to fight, bearing arms, militant, warlike. a. of persons, their attributes, etc. a 1340 Hampole Psalter xiv. 1 Tabernakill propirly is ]>e mansyon of feghtand men. £1400 Apol. Loll . 3 pis lifting kirke. la 1400 Arthur 318 powsandez ten Of hardy & welle fyghtyng Men. c 1500 Melusine 128, xx tl thousand fyghtyng men. 1602 Shaks. Ham . 111. iv. 113 O step betweene her, and her fighting Soule. 1663 Gerbikr Counsel 59 No more .. then Souldiers fight without a fighting Captain. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Fug. III. 233 The fighting men of the garrison. Jig. 1592 Shaks. Ven, 4 Ad. 345 To note the fighting con¬ flict of her hew, How white and red, ech other did destroy. b. of natural or mechanical agents. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. Ik 404 On folde no flesch styryed |>at |?c fiod nade al freten with fe^tande wa^ez. 1641 Wilkins Math. Magick 11. iv. (1648) T73 These fighting images. 1667 Milton P. L . 11. 1015 The shock Of fighting Elements. 2 . Comb.\ fighting crab (see quot. 186S); fight¬ ing fish, a Siamese fish ( Bcttapugnax)\ fighting sandpiper, the ruff {Machetes pugnax). 1868 Wood Hornes without II. iv. 90 The Fighting Crab (y water with bony and salt, Grynde blanchyd al- mondes [etc.]. Ibid. 54 For the secunde course..Take ryse and fletande fignade. tFi'gO. Obs. [a. OSp. and rg._/%o = Fico.] = Fico in various senses. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V, iv. i. 60 The Figo for thee then. 1600 Hakluyt Voy. III. 740 A fruite which they [natives of the Moluccas] call Figo. Ibid. 741 Lemmons, cucumbers, cocos, figu, sagu. 1640 Glapthorne Ladies Privilege v, You do not mean to make a gul of me, a figo for a thousand. + Figonale. Obs. ? Some kind of basket. c 1450 Holland Hozvlat 833 Syne for ane figonale of frut thai straif in the steid. Fi g-tree. [f. Fig sb} + Tree.] A tree of the genus Ficus, esp. the Ficus carica. a 1340 Hampole Psalter civ. 31 He smate paire vynjerdis & |?aire fige trese. c 1430 Lydg. Chorle <$• Byrde (Roxb.) 1 He myght not forsaken his fattenesse Ne the fyge tree nis amerous swetenesse. 1667 Milton P. L. ix. iioi The Fig- tree—not that kind for fruit renowned, But such as, at this day.. In Malabar or Decan spreads her Armes. 1762 Wal¬ pole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1765)1. ii. 28 The milk that flows from the leaf of a young fig-tree. 1862 Kendall Poems 119 How lone we sit beneath this old Fig-tree. attrib. 1552 Huloet, Figge tree staffe or stalcke. Ibid., Figge tree droue, or groue. 1889 Pall Mall G. 26 Dec. 3/2 The seventh and ninth columns from the fig-tree corner [of the Ducal Palace]. ■j- Fi’gulate, a. Obs.— °. fad. L. figulat-us, pa. pple. of figuldre to fashion as a potter does, i.figulus potter, f. fig -: see Figment.] (See quot.) 1730-6 in Bailey (folio', Figulate, made of earth or potter’s clay. t Fi gulated, a. Obs.— °. [f. L. figulat-us (see prec.) + -ED !.] = prec. 1670 in Blount Glossogr. (ed. 3). 1721-1800 in Bailey. Figuline (fi gi/rlin, -sin), a. and sb. fad. L. figulinus, f. figulus potter.] A. aiij. a. Such as is produced by the potter; made of earthenware, b. Of earth : Suitable for the potter, fictile. 1657 Tomlinson Renou’s Disp. 146 Turpentine may not onely be well reserved in an iron or glass vessel, but in a figuline also. 1686 Plot Stnffordsh. 124 The Smectic and figuline Earths. 1697 Evelyn Nnmisin. viii. 280 Improving .. Figuline Ware by ralissy’s White Glaze. 1790 Pennant London (1813) 171 Wedgewood .. making it the repository of his figuline ware. B. sb. 1 . An earthen vessel ; in pi. pottery. 1878 Longf. Keramos 106 This Potter .. whose figulines and rustic wares scarce find him bread. 2 . Potter’s clay. 1859 R. F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Jntl. Gcog. Soc. XXIX. 383 The figuline, a greyish-brown clay, is procured from river-beds. Figurability (fkgiurabi-tfti). [f. next; see - bilily , -ity.] The quality of being figurable. 1730 6 Bailey (folio) Pref., Figurability of Body or M atter, is that universal Disposition thereof, whereby it is under a Necessity, of appearing or putting on some Sort of Figure. 1794 G. Adams Nat. «y Exp. Philos. IV. App. 492 What are .. properties of matter? 1. Extension or magnitude, and consequently figurability. 1848 in Craig. Figurable (frgiurab’l), a. [f. Figure v. + -ABLE.] 1 . Capable of receiving a definite figure or form. 1605 Z. Jones tr. De Loyers Specters 45 Much lesse can they take a body of the Ayre for that is not figurable. 1644 Digby Nat. Bodies xvi. (1645) 177 Wax remaineth figur.ible, whether it be melted or congealed. 1755 Johnson s.v. Thus lead is figurable, but not water. In mod. Diets. 2 . Capable of being represented figuratively. 1880 G. Meredith Trag. Com. xvi. (1802) 228 He waited, figureable by nothing so much as a wild horse in captivity. Fi*gural, a. Also 6 figurall(e. [a. OF. figural , ad. late L. *figiiralis (implied in Ji ° lira li¬ tas) , i.fgftra Figure. sb.~\ + 1 . = Figurative i, 4. Obs. c 1450 Henryson 31 or. Fab. 22 Ouerhailled with types figurall. c 1555 Harpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 142 Scripture is to be expounded, .by the allegoricall or figurall . .and by the tropologicall sense. 1621 W. Sclater Tythes (1623) 82 Their caeremonies. .were shadowy and figurall. + 2 . Arith. Of numbers : Representing some geo¬ metrical figure, such as a square, cube, etc.; con¬ sisting of factors. Cf. PTgurate a. 3 a. Obs. Figural arithmetic', in quot., the arithmetic of ‘figural* numbers. 1551 Recorde Patlnu. Knowl. 1. A iij b, Defin., Formes [.sr. produced by arrangements of points in rows] .. whiche 1 omitte .. considering that their knowledg appertaineth more to Arithmetike figurall, than to Geometrie. 1557 — Whetst. Aijb, Many nombers are referred to some figure .. So if I saie that .16. is a square nomber, bicause it is made of .4. multiplied by .4. then is .16. here to be called a figuralle nomber. 1674 Jeake Arith. (1696) 173. 1704 in Harris Lex. Techn. quasi-^. 1696 Loud. Gaz. No. 3183/4 Treatise of Arith- metick in all its Parts, viz. Integers, Fractions .. Figurals, etc. 3 . + a. Pertaining to figure or shape (obs.). b. Of or pertaining to figures, rare. 1650 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. (ed. 2) vi. xiv. 287 Yet equall incongruities have been commonly committed by Geographers and Historians, in the figurall resemblances of severall regions on earth. 1813 W. Taylor Eng. Synonyms (1856) 175 Keeping is a had word, though a painter’s term for figural perspective. 1884 Schlikmann in North Amer. Rev. \ CXXXIX. 526 We also see in the wall-paintings figural representations. 4 . Mus. =Figurate a. 4. In mod. Diets. t Fi’gurally, adv. Obs. [f. prec. + -ly 2 .] 1 . By way of a figure, figuratively. c 1380 Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 6 [Joon] is Hely figu- rali. c 1450 MirourSaluacioun 77 This fortakened a virginis ymage with hir childe figurelly. 1541 Coverdale Old Faith vi, He came and performed all things in deed that the} 7 had figurally in their sacrifices. 1550 Hutchinson Image of God iii. (1842) 23 Who doth not see that these things are to be taken 'figurally of God ? 2 . See Figural 2. To multiply figurally. to multiply into itself, so as to raise to a higher power. 1674 Jeake Arith. (1696) 206 When a Fraction is given to be multiplyed Figurally, multiply the Numerator by himself ..and the Denominator likewise. ■t* Fi’gurance. Obs.—°. [f.F igured. + -ance.] The action of figuring or expressing some form or shape. 1730 6 in Bailey (folio). 1775 in Ash. II Figurant (ffgtVran) masc., Figurante (fz'g«rant) fern. \fix. figurant, figurante, pr. pple. of figurer to Figure. The pi. masc. was formerly sometimes written figurans. It is often impossible to determine whether figurante is intended for the F. or the It. word : see next.] 1 . A ballet-dancer. 1790 Combe Devil upon Two Sticks (1817) I. 126 The lascivious agility of his figurantes. 1807 T. Horne tr. Goede's Trav. II. 264 The theatre at Paris .. its statists and figurants. 1837 Major Richardson Brit. Legion ii. (ed. 2) 42 A sort of ballet the figurans and figurantes in which were inmates of a mad-house. 1859 Smiles Self-Help iii. (i860) 52-The poor figurante must devote years of inces¬ sant toil to her profitless task. 2 . A supernumerary character on the stage who takes no prominent part, and has little or nothing to say. 1775 H. Walpole Lett. (1857) VI. 195, Plays, in which comedians, singers, dancers, figurantes, might all walk at a coronation. 1816 J. Scott Vis. Paris (ed. 5' 342 The women can be little more than the figurantes, receiving a mock reverence merely to carry on the drama. 1886 A thenseum 2 Jan. 15/1 [In the play] Shakspeare is a mere figu- rant. transf. 1893 Nation 21 Sept. 211/2 They were but figu¬ rants in the great drama. 26-2 FIGURANTE. FIGURATIVENESS. 204 II Figurante (figwra-nte). PI. -ti, occas. -tes. [It .figurante, pr. pple. of figurare to Figure.] = prec. i. 1782 Miss Burney Cecilia (1809) I. viii. 81 The figuranti will divert you beyond measure. 1821 Byron Juan iv. lxxxv, As for the figuranti, they are like The rest of all that tribe. 1826 Hebf.r Jonm. India (1828) II. xxviii. 283 The bundles of red cloth which swaddle the figurante of Hindostan. transf. 1830 Scott Dcmonol. i. 20 The green figurantes.. came capering and frisking . .with great glee. 1870 O. W. Holmes Old Pol. of Life (1891) 269 The spangles of con¬ versational gymnasts and figurantes. Figurate (fi'giureit ),ppl. a. and sb. [ad. L. figurat-us, pa. pple. of figurare to form, fashion, f. figiira Figure.] A. ppl. a. + 1 . Framed according to, or exemplifying, ‘figures ’ of grammar or rhetoric. Ohs. 1530 Palsgr. 394 A uoyr course .. for auoyr courouse, and many suche be figurate by syncopa. 1669 Milton Accedence Grammar Wks. 1738 I. 607 Of figurate Construction, what is useful, is digested into several Rules. 1674 Petty Disc . DuJ>l. Proportion Ded. A v, Figurate and measured periods. fb. = Figurative 4. Ohs. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke xviii. 34 In these woordes. .there laie priuely hidden some figurate & mistical manier of speaking, a 1677 Barrow Perm. Wks. 1716 II. 63 Some do scarce admit those figurate senses. 1728 in Carbery tr. Burnet's St. Dead II. 47 The Diction of holy Scripture is figurate. t c. As pa. pple. : Figured, prefigured. Ohs. 1563 WinJet Four Scoir Thre Quest. Wks. 1888 I. 85 The sacramentis of the Euangell exhibitis in deid and veritie thai graces figurat only and hoipit for in the Auld Testament, d. Expressed by figures as opposed to letters. 1830 IVestin. Rev. XIII. 229 That system [of numerical signs] is neither literal, like the Grecian .. nor altogether figurate. like the Arabic. 2. a. Having definite form or shape. Now only in medical use, as fguratc feces (opposed to diffluent) 1625 Bacon Sylva § 602 Plants are all Figurate and De¬ terminate, which Inanimate Bodies are not. 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 801 Tertullian .. drives the business so far, as to make the Soul itself. .Figurate. 1755 Johnson, Figurate , resembling anything of a determinate form, as figurate stones retaining the forms of shells in which they were formed by the deluge. b. Formed into figures or patterns. 1867 J Hogg Microsc. 1. ii. 133 The symmetrical and figurate depositions of siliceous crystals. 3 . Math. fa. = Figural 2. Ohs. 1614 T. Bedwell Nat. Gcom. Numbers i. 1 A rationall figurate number is a number that is made by the multiplica¬ tion of numbers betweene them-selues. 1636 Recorde's Gr. Artes 559 A Figurate Number is a number made by the multiplication of one number or more by another. 1674 J eake Arith. (1696) 179 Figurate Fractions are deferred to the Fourth Chapter. b. Figurate numbers: numbers, or series of numbers, formed from any arithmetical progression in which the first term is a unit, and the difference a whole number, by taking the first term, and the sums of the first two, first three, first four, etc., terms as the successive terms of a new series, from which another may be formed in the same manner, and so on. So Figurate arithmetic , the science of such numbers. Thus from the arithmetical series 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., a second series 1, 3, 6, 10, etc. (‘triangular* numbers) is formed as above described ; and from this again a third series, 1, 4,10, 20 (‘ pyramidal * numbers). 1706 W. Jones Syn. Palmar. Mathcscos 163 The Sums of Numbers in a Continued Arithmetic Proportion from Unity are call’d Figurate. .Numbers. 1785 Hutton Math. Tables 7 The several orders of figurate numbers, which he [Vieta] calls triangular, pyramidal, etc. 1816 tr. Lacroix's Diffl. Int. Calculus 528 Ex. 2 The sum of the x first terms of any progression of figurate numbers being required. 1666 Collins in Rigaud Coi~r. Sci.Men (1841) I. 122 As to Figurate Arithmetic, it is largely handled in Maurolycus. 4 . Music. = Florid. Cf. Figured 7 a. 1708 J. Harris Lex. Techn. s. v. Descant, Figurate or Florid Descant , is that wherein Discords are concerned, as well (though not so much) as concords. . 1795 Mason Ch. AIus. 28 Figurate. .we now employ to distinguish florid from more simple Melody. 1833 New Monthly Mag. XXXVIII. 199 Haydn’s masses are more figurate than those of his pre¬ decessors. B. sb. + 1 - Something possessing form or shape, rare. 1610W. Folkingham Art of Survey 11. ix. 62 The Content Solid is of 1 imber, Stone, and other Bodies or Figurates. 2 . A figurate number: fa. a number consist¬ ing of factors; esp. an integral power of any number. Equilater figurate : a square number. Cf. A. 3 a. Ohs. m 1614 T. Bedwell Nat.Geom. Numbers i. 4 The figurate 4 is made by one multiplication of one number by it selfe. Ibid., An equilater figurate is made of equall numbers, or of one number multiplied by it selfe. b. (See A. 3 b.) 1796 Hutton Math. Diet. I. 469 Malcolm’s Arithmetic, p. 396, where the subject of Figurates is treated in a very.. perspicuous manner. t Fi/gurate, v. Ohs. [f. L. figurat- ppl. stem of figurare to Figure.] 1 . trans. To give figure or shape to ; to shape. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 265 The harder and more solide parts are figurated together, but not together perfected. Bor of the bones some are sooner perfected, some later. Ibid. 307 Sixe dayes it is in Milke .. Twelue figurate the flesh. 1623 in Cockeram. 2 . To present in figure, outline, or visible shape. 1704 Hearne Duct. Hist. (1714) I. 38 So do Chronological Tables figurate to us the Series and Concatenation of Times. 3 . a. To represent by a figure or emblem; to typify, b. To speak of in a figure, or figuratively, c. To treat as figurative, d. To liken or compare to. a. 1533 Coverdale Lord's Supper 451 They did in their gesture and rite figurate a certain image of a sacrifice. 1602 Marston Ant. <$• Mel. v. Wks. 1856 I. 62 The glowe worme figurates my valour. 1609 Bible (Dou ay) Gen. xiv. Comm., Melchisedec .. knew how to figurate his eternal priesthood. 1654 Jer. Taylor Real Pres. 274 The Fathers .. call the figure, by the name of the thing figurated. b. 1643 R- O. Man's Mort. v. 22 It is well figurated in Scripture by sleepe. C. a 1806 S. Horsley Serin. (1811) 408 Those, .who have improved upon St. Austin’s hint of figurating this passage. d. c 1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. 22 This fein3it Foxe may well bee figurate To flatterers. 4 . To furnish with figures of speech. 1652 Urquhart Jewel Wks. (1834) 292 There is neither definition, distribution, .or any scheme ngurating a speech. 5 . Math.: cf. Figurate a. 3 a and Figural 2. 1674 Jeake Arith. (1696) 289 To Figurate any Cossick is Cossically to multiply the same, .by it self. Hence Fi gurated ppl. a. ; in quots. = Figurate. 1642 F. Potter Interpr. of No. 666, 195 The number 30 is a figurated number, because three times ten, or five times six, make this number. 1660 Ingelo Bentiv. <$• Ur. 11.(1682) 202 After the dissolution of Figurated matter. 1848 Craig, Figurated, having a determinate form. + Figurately, cuiv. Obs. [See -ly 2.] 1 . = Figuratively i and 2. 1533 Frith Disput. Purgat. 11. G iij/i He dare not vnder- stonae this thynge as figuratelye spoken, a 1677 Barrow Serm. (L.), Doing it then mediately and figurately by his prophets. 2 . According to a grammatical figure. 1530 Palsgr. 402 They use voult fyguratly by Syncopa for voulut. 3 . ( To multiply) figurately -- Figurally 2. 1674 Jeake Arith. (1696) 249 Let then 100 be multiplyed Figurately to the io tb Power. Figuration (figiuiv 1 j^n). Also 5 figuracion. [a. F. figuration, ad. L. figuration-em , n. of action f. figurare to fashion, Figure.] 1. The action or process of forming into figure; determination to a certain form. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 11. xiv. (1634) 230 Finally the figuration of Christ, hath with them the place of be¬ getting. 1656 H. More Enthus. Tri. 4 The inward figura¬ tion of our brain or spirits into this or that representation. 1677 Grew Anat. Fruits vi. § 2 The Vessels serve for the Figuration of the Fruit. 1856 R. A. Vaughan Mystics( i%6o) II. 230 A mysticism like that of Tauler strives to escape all image and ‘ figuration b. quasi -concr. The resulting form or shape ; contour, outline. 1432-50 tr. Uigden (Rolls) 1 .199 The chiefe cite, .is callede Brundusium .. in that hit holdethe in the figuracion of hit the similitude of the hede of an herte. 1563-87 Foxe A. $ M. (1596) 77/1 Constantine caused a Crosse after the same figuration to be made of gold and precious stones. 1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus iii. 53 Quincuncial forms . .are also observable in animall figurations. 1697 T. Smith in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 249 The different shapes and figurations of letters in several ages of the world. 1728 Pemberton Newton's Philos. 8 The figuration and the mo¬ tion of bodies strike our senses more immediately than most of their other properties. 1842 De Quincey in Blackw. Mag. LI. 13 Their very figurations now appeared to reflect and repeat each other. 1890 J. H. Stirling Gijford Led. iv. 71 Finite things were the figurations, the linea- mentations of extension. 2 . The action of representing figuratively; an allegorical or figurative representation. 1561 Daus tr . Bullingcr on Apoc. Pref. (1573) 12 It [this Apocalips] shevveth vs also sondry descriptions and figura¬ tions of matters most weightie. 1579 Fulke He skins' Pari. 266 The sacrament is not a bare figuration of the flesh of Christ. 1664 H. More Myst. Iniq. 213 In Prophetick Figurations one individual Beast signifies a Multitude of men. 1737 Waterland Eucharist (1739) 28 The .. dark Intimations of the legal Types or Figurations. 1840 Lytton Pilgr. Rhine xxvi, The .. faun has been made the figuration of the most implacable of fiends. 1871 Macduff Mem. Patinos xix. 256 The island-home, .may have possibly added power and reality to the figuration. 3 . The action of framing figures or shapes: a. in dreams; in quot. quasi -concr. b. Ornamenta¬ tion by means of figures or designs, rare. 1652 Gaule Magastrom. 176 There is neither vertue nor efficacy in such fabrications, or figurations, from God, Angels, nature. 1730-6 Baii.ey (folio), Figuration, a chimerical vision. 1866 J. G. Murfiiy Comm. Ex. xxvi. 36-7 The figuration is wrought not by the loom, but by the needle. f 4 . Math. a. The making of arithmetical figures, b. The multiplying of a number into itself (see Figurate v. 5); involution. Ohs. c 1430 Art of Nombrynge (E. E. T. S.) 2 Ffigure is clepede for protraccione of figuracione. 1674 Jeake Arith. (1696) 373 Figuration of the Sinister part of the Divisor. 5 . Music . Employment of figurate or florid counterpoint; alteration of a theme or counter¬ point by the introduction of passing-notes, rapid figures, etc. 1597 Morley Introd. Mus. 90 Phi. What is Figuration? Ala. When you sing one note of the plain-song long, and another short, etc. a 1646 J. Gregory Nicenc Creed Wks. (1649) 53 The Singing of the Nicene creed .. with all the Ornaments and figurations of Harmonie. 1883 Parry in Grove Diet. Mus. III. 759 The process is rather that of free figuration of two or three parts, giving in general a contra¬ puntal effect to the whole. 1889 Ibid. IV. 761 The mixed style, in which the figuration introduced consists chiefly of suspended concords [etc.]. Figurative (fi'giurativ), a. Also 4-5 figuratif, 4-6 fygurative, -tyf, -tyve. [a. Fr. figuratif, -ive, ad. late L. figurdtivus , f. fig ii rare to Figure.] 1 . Representing by a figure or emblem ; emblem¬ atical, typical. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vi. xxvii. (1495) 217 Dremes ben somtyme wrappyd in fyguratyf mystyk. 1504 tr. De Imitatione iv. xi, This royall souper, in the which thou hast nat purposed to be eten the fyguratyue lambe. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xv. (1611) 208 This they will say was figuratiue, and serued but for a time. 1650 Bulwer Anthro- pomet. 174 The Nails were made .. for a figurative token. 3853 Marsden Early Purit. 22 They were a part of the divinely appointed constitution of the Jewish church, and had passed away with the rest of its figurative and mystic ceremonial. 2 . Pertaining to, or of the nature of, pictorial or plastic representation. 1607 Topsell Four/. Beasts (1658) 156 Serpents, .in whose heads are many pretious stones, with such naturall seals or figurative impressions as if they were framed by the hand of man. 1843 Prescott Mexico (1850) I. 77 This is the repre¬ sentative or figurative writing, which forms the lowest stage of hieroglyphics, 1889 J. Hirst in Archceol. Inst. Jrnl. No. 181. 34 Transmission of both geometric as well as animal and figurative decorated forms from East to West. + 3 . Pertaining to the use of graphic symbols. Figurative arithmetic: algebra. Also, Of the nature of a symbolic diagram. Obs. 1690 Leybourn Cursus Math. 335 Division is done in Figurative Arithmetick. .by applying some Line of Separa¬ tion between the Dividend and the Divisor. 1800 tr. La¬ grange's Chem. I. 13 Let us still exhibit a figurative table. 4 . Of speech : Based on, or involving the use of, figures or metaphors; metaphorical, not literal- 14.. Prose Legends in Anglia VIII. 134 Legeauns & figuratif spekynges. a 1568 Coverdale Hope Faithf. xxvii, By a figurative and borrowed speech he declareth the horror . .of the damned. 1589 Puttenham Eng. Poesie 1. iv. (Arb.) 24 The vtterance in prose .. is also not so voluble .. nor in fine allowed that figuratiue conueyance. .as meeter is. 1607 Topsell Serpents (1653) 653 A witty check, or a figurative flout. 1711 J. Greenwood Eng. Gram. 217 Customary or Figurative Syntax is that which is used in the Forms of Speech .. wherein Words are put together according to a Metaphorical or borrowed Sense. 1785 Reid Int. Powers 15 There is a figurative sense in which things are said to be in the mind. 1845 H. J. Rose in Encycl. Aletrop. II. 891/1 Will it be contended that this was not figurative language? 1859 Ecce Homo iii. (ed. 8) 26 The mistake of confounding a figurative expression with a literal one. b. Metaphorically so called. 14.. Prose Legends in Anglia VIII. n8The figuratif body of Chryste [>at is holy, chirche. 1577 Hanmer^wc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 5 Also Princes, whom the prophets .. have .. made figurative Christs. 1832 Lewis Use $ Ab. Pol. Terms v. 44 Confound real with figurative Sovereignty. 1842 S. Lover Handy Andy ii, He saw a real instead of a figurative blister. 5 . Abounding in or addicted to figures of speech. 1589 Puttenham Eng. Poesie iii. vii. (Arb.) 166 Which thing made the graue iudges Areopagites .. to forbid all manner of figuratiue speaches .. in their consistorie of Iustice. 1693 Dryden Juvenal Pref., Sublime subjects ought to be adorned with the subliniest and with the most figurative expressions. 1740 J. Clarke Educ. Youth (ed. 3) 88 Tho* they are. .easy Authors, yet they are more Figura¬ tive than Caesar. 1783 H. Blair Led. I. xiv. 274 They will pour forth a torrent of Figurative Language. 1789 Bel- sham Ess. I. ii. 25 Shakespeare..is the most figurative writer ..in our language. 1878 Browning Poets Croisic 113 La Roque, .broke bounds Of figurative passion. f 6. Mus. = Figurate a. 4. Ohs. 1744 Suppl. Harris's Lex. Techn. s. v. Counterpoint, Counterpoint is divided into simple and figurative. .Figura¬ tive Counterpoint is of two Kinds, in one, Discords are introduced occasionally, as passing Notes, .in the other, the Discord bears a chief Part of the Harmony. Figuratively (frgiurativli), adv. [f. prec. 4- -ly ^.] Iii a figurative manner. 1 . In or by means of a figure or emblem. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xvii. 294 And fynde hyin bote figuratiflicheaferlymehynkeh. c 1430 Speculum (1888) 33 In Gedeones flece was this shewed figuratively. 1508 Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. ooiij, There be thre partes of penaunce whiche this holy prophete sheweth derkely and fyguratyuely by the symylitude of thre dyuers byrdes. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iii. vii. 121 The sense is still the same; for therein are figuratively intended Vzziah and Ezechias. 1780 G. Horne Disc. (1794) III. xvii. 379 Figuratively and sacra¬ mentally presented in the temple on earth. 2 . By or as a figure of speech ; metaphorically. 1533 Frith Disput. Purgat. (1829) 151 He dare not under¬ stand this thing as figuratively spoken. 1651 Hobbf.s Lcviath. iii. xxxv. 220 Figuratively, those men also are called Holy. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones vn. ii, To express myself less figuratively, he determined to go to sea. 1867 Miss Broughton Not wisely II. 282 It is very, very difficult figuratively to get inside another person. Fi’gurativeness. [f. as prec. + -ness.] The quality of being figurative. a 1729 S. Clarke Serin. II. exxii. 45 From the figiira- tiveness. .of these expressions. 1816 J. Gilchrist Philos\ Etym. 227 Dispense with the figurativeness of Bacon’s style ! 1837 Hallam Hist. Lit. iii. iv. §8 The precepts, .of Revelation, notwithstanding their brevity and figurative¬ ness. 1881 Athenaeum No. 2811. 328/2 The figurativeness of another kind of which. .Rossetti’s sonnets are so full FIGURATURE. 205 FIGURE. t Fi'grirattire. Obs. rare— 1 , [as if ad. L. *figuratura , f. figurdre to Figure : see -ure.] Form, make, shape. 1642 Bp. T. Morton Present m. Schismatic 2 One may see the face of another, and yet not discern the linaments and figurature. Figure (fi'gai, -iui), sb. Forms: 3-4 vig(o)ur, (3 wygur), 4-5 flg(o)ur, (5 fegure), 4-6 fygure, 3- figure, [a. Fr. figure ( = Pr., Sp., It. Jigura ), ad. L. figura, f. fig- short stem of fingere : see Feign. The L. word was the ordinary rendering of Gr. )iua (see Scheme) in its many technical uses; several of the senses below are traceable, wholly or in part, to Greek philo¬ sophy.] I. Form, shape. 1 . The form of anything as determined by the outline; external form ; shape generally. x 393 Gower Con/. Ill, 52 But yet it [a statue] was as in figure Most lich to ir.annes creature. 1477 Karl Rivers (Caxton) Victes 141 A man that is in a derke kaue may not se his propre figure. 1535 Coverdale Ezek . x. 22 The figure of their faces was, euen as I had sene them. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 221 The Figure of a Bell partaketh of the Pyramis. 1697 Dampier Voy. (1729) I. 537 Their Faces are of a flat oval Figure. 1698 Keill Exam. 7 h. Earth (1734) 289 The Theorist.. had deduced its [the Earth’s] true Figure from its true causes. 1756 Nugent Gr. Tour I. 164 The figure of the city is an oblong square. 1830 Kater & Lardn. Mech. i. 5 Bodies having very dif¬ ferent volumes may have the same figure. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. xix. 318 In addition to this change of size .. the figure of the ship suffers a change. b. In generalized sense, as an attribute of body. 1471 Ripley Comp. Alch. in. in Ashm. (1652) 141 Both fy¬ gure and ponderosyte. 1690 Locke Hum. Unci. 11. xxxi. § 2 Solidity and Extension, and the Termination of it, Figure. 1744 Harris Three Treat. (1841) 29 Such things .. as are peculiarly characterized by figure and colour. 1831 Brew¬ ster Optics xvii. § 90. 147 Crystals whose .. simplest form had only one axis of figure. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 27 5 Figure is the only thing that always follows colour. + c. Appearance, aspect; also, attitude, posture. 1513 Douglas sEtteis v. xiii. 13 The seis figur wes ab- hominable. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriot, iv. 58 Some Christians .. decline the figure of rest, and make choice of an erect posture. 1684 Charnock Attrib. GW(1834) II. 577 To have devout figures of the face, and uncomely postures of the soul. d. transf. The ‘ shape *, state (of a matter), rare. 1858 Carlyle Frcdk. Gt. (1865) I. in. iii. 150 As to Fried¬ rich’s Pomeranian quarrel, this is the figure of it. 2 . Geom. A definite form constituted by a given line or continuous series of lines so arranged as to enclose a superficial space, or by a given surface or series of surfaces enclosing a space of three dimen¬ sions ; any of the classes or species of such forms, as the triangle, circle, cube, sphere, etc. 1340 Ayenb. 234 Ine fie rounde figure: pe ende went ayen to his ginninge. 1551 Recorde Pathw. Knowl. 1. Defin., Figures .. be made of prickes, lines or platte formes. 1570 Billingsley Euclid 1. xv. 3 Of all figures a circle is the most perfect. 1603 Holland Pintarch's A/or. 814 A Figure is the superficies, circumscription, and accomplished linea¬ ment of a bodie. 1714 Steele Englishman No. 46 That beautiful Figure in Architecture called a Pyramid. 1809-10 Coleridge Friend (1865)97 A circle is. .a figure constituted by the circumvolution of a straight line with its one end fixed. 1823 H. J. Brooke Introd. Crystallogr. 137 The new figures would be octahedrons. 1840 Lardner Geom. 134 A figure may be constructed similar to a given figure. + 3 . The proper or distinctive shape or appear¬ ance (of a person or thing). Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 22148 (Cott.) O thinges sere J^air naturs [anticrist sal do] turnd to be in sere figurs. 1340 Hampole Pr. Cotisc. 2320 A devel in his fygur right, c 1386 Chaucer Monk's T. 232Than. .God. .him [Nebuchadnezzar] restored to his regtie and his figure, c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) iv. 13 Scho bad hem pat he schuld..hafe na drede of hir, what figure so euer he sawe hir. a 1400-50 Alexander 360 pe figour of a freke he sail take eftire. 1475 Bk. Noblesse {i%6o) 21 Wonderfulle entreprises. .that Hercules did, whiche is writen in figure of a poesy. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado 1. i. 15 Doing in the figure of a Lambe, the feats of a Lion. 1611 Bible Isa. xliv. 13 The carpenter, .maketh it after the figure of a man. 4. Of a living being : Bodily shape, occas. in¬ cluding appearance and bearing. Now chiefly of persons. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. A. 746 Quo formed pe py fayre fygure ? 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 283 b/i A monk of a ryght honourable fygure and parure. 1484 — Fables of AEsop 1 v. iv, To the [the pecok] they [the goddes] haue gyuen fayr fygure. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon xlii. 140 Yf I shold dyscryue his foule fygure at length. 1637 Nabbes Microcosm. 11. C ij, When other creatures. .Look downwards on’t, [theu] hast an erected figure. 1740 Chesterf. Lett. I. lxii. 174 [Poets] represent as persons, the passions, .and many other things that have no figures nor persons belonging to them. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) II. 106 There is little known exactly with regard to the proportion of the human figure. Ibid. IV. 24 Few readers .. are not as well acquainted with the figure of a Squirrel. 1863 Fr. A. Kemble Resid. in Georgia 42 The figures of some of the women are handsome. 1869 Boutell Arms Arm. vii. 109 This hauberk was ad¬ justed to the figure by a belt. 1888 Burgon Lives 12 Gd. Men I. ii. 140 His dignified aspect and commanding figure. b. The bodily frame, considered with regard to its appearance. 1715-20 Pope Iliad ix. 71 Wise Nestor then his reverend figure rear’d. 1728 — Dune. n. 62 So lab'ring on, with shoulders, hands, and head, Wide as a windmill all his figure spread. 5 . An embodied (human) form; a person con¬ sidered with regard to visible form or appearance. c 1250 Gen. <5- Ex. 1006 In Se dale of mambre, sa3 abraham figures Sre. c 1420 Anturs of Arth. xi, Ho was a figure cf flesche, fayrest of alle. c 1450 Lonelich Grail xliii. 303 The fegure fiat there-owt gan gon. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 1. i. J09 This portentous figure Comes armed through our watch. 1673 Dryden Marr. d la Mode m. i, What a figure of a man is there 1 1730 A. Gordon Majfei s Amphith. 50 Two Figures, .in the Action of going into the Amphitheatre. 1754 Richardson Grandison IV. xxi. 153 She is a very fine figure of a woman. 1768 Sterne Sent. Journ. (1782) II. 81 A tall figure, of a philosophic, serious, adust look. 1877 Rita Vivienne 1. iv, He saw a figure leaning against the embra¬ sure of one of the windows. b. colloq. A person of grotesque or untidy ap¬ pearance. Figure of fun : a ludicrous personage, an oddity. 1774 Mad. D’Arblay Early Diary (1889) I. 322, I..ob- tained leave to come down, though, .quite a figure. 1811 Miss L. M. Hawkins Ctess. $ Gertr. (K. O.), Figure of fun. 1813 Lady Burghersh in Lett. (1893) 61 Words can’t de¬ scribe the figures the women dress here of a morning. 1840 Mrs. F. Trollope JVido'zu Married vii, What..can have induced you to make such a figure of yourself? 1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. xviii. (1889) 173 The figure of fun was a middle-aged man of small stature. 1886 Burton Arab. Nts. I. 82 Each of them is a figure 0’ fun after his own fashion. 6 . transf. A person as an object of mental con¬ templation ; a personage. 1734 Watts Reliq. Juv. (1789) 216 She had rather bear an inconvenience herself, than give an uneasiness even to the meaner figures of mankind. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, Goethe Wks. (Bohn) I. 389 And he flung into literature, in his Mephistopheles, the first organic figure that has been added for some ages. 1874 Green Short Hist. vi. § 6. 335 This utter absence of all passion, .makes the figure of [Thomas] Cromwell the most terrible in our history. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. II. liii. 327 The disappearance of this brilliant figure [Hamilton]. 7 . Conspicuous appearance. In phrase To make (familiarly to cut ) a figure : a. in neutral sense, with qualifying adj.: To present a (good, bad, splendid, ridiculous, etc.) ap¬ pearance ; to produce an impression of specified character on the beholder. 1699 Bentley Phal. 361 Any Metaphor at all makes but a very bad Figure. 1710 Steele Tatler No. 57 F 1 To understand among what Sort of Men we make the best Figure. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. I. xii. 134 The City makes a good figure from the Sea. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. IV. x, When Moses has trimmed them a little, they will cuta very tolerable figure. 1791 ‘G. Gambado' Ann. Horsem. v. (1809) 87 London Riders, .. who cut .. so smart a figure in a country town. 1882 Sf.rjt. Ballantine Exper. 1 . 456 Witnesses of this kind cut but an awkward figure in the hands of a skilful counsel. 1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect I. 240 He made but a poor figure in the House. b. To appear in a ridiculous aspect. 172 6Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 212 It was as much as I could do to keep my Countenance at the Figure he made. 1854 Felton Fam. Lett. xlvi. (1865) 343 There is nothing more comical than the figure an English scholar cuts when he first comes to Athens. c. To occupy a conspicuous or distinguished position ; to play a prominent or important part; to attract admiration or respect. Cf. Y.faire figure. 1691 J. Wilson Belphegor v. i. Dram. Wks. (1874) 368 And what figure do you make in this house ? 1697 Dryden uEneid 11. 116 While his arms .. rul’d the Counsels of the Court, I made some figure there. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 92 F 8 Gentlemen that make a Figure at Will’s. 1736 Butler Anal. 1. iii, Revolutions, which make a figure even in the history of the world. 1749 Chesterf. Lett. II. 233, I am very willing that you should make, but very unwilling that you should cut, a figure.. ; the cutting a figure being the very lowest vulgarism in the English language. 1762-71 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) I. 223 The first painter who seems to have made any figure in this reign. 1809 Syd. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 171/2 Boys, who make a considerable figure at school .. often make no figure in the world. 1824 W. Irving T. Trav. I. 187 If they did not make much figure in talking, they did in eating. 1864 Burton Scot Abr. I. iv. 206 Kirkaldy of Grange, .cut some figure in politics. 8 . Importance, distinction, 'mark’. Now only with reference to persons, in phrases (somewhat arch.) man , woman of figure, a person of rank and station. 1692 Dryden St. Evremont's Ess. 192 Persons of the greatest Figure make every thing valued according to their Fancy. 1703 Maundrell Journ. Jems. (1732) 44 Another River, of no inconsiderable figure. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 122 F 7 The speech .. was .. designed .. to give him a Figure in my Eye. 1769 De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. II. 63 Wallingford .. a Place of great Figure. ci8oo K. White Rem. (1837) 379, I met him .. in company with persons of apparent figure. 1851 Carlyle Sterling 11. i. (1872) 89 Mr. Sterling, a private gentleman of some figure. b. Style of living, ostentation, display, arch. 1602 Ld. Cromwell iii. iii. 2 Our.County now exceeds the figure Of common entertainments. 1720 De Foe Capt. Singleton xx. (1840) 342 He obliged her not to increase her figure, but live private. 1807 Fielding's Tom Jones I. Life II Fond of figure and magnificence, he incumbered himself with a large retinue. 1851 Carlyle Sterling 1. ix. (1872) 55 Lieutenant-General Barton of the Life-guards .. lived in a certain figure here in town. II. Represented form ; image, likeness. 9 . The image, likeness, or representation ^/’some¬ thing material or immaterial. a 1340 Hampole Psalter xxii. 4 Ill men. .beris pe figure of ded. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) vii. 25 Euermare in pe middes of pam es funden pe figure of pe crosse. 1481 Caxton Myrr. 1. iii. 9 He fourmed hym [man] to his figure and semblaunce. 1531 Elyot Gov. i. xxvi, There is nat a more playne figure of idlenesse, than playinge at dise. 1608 Shaks. Per. v. iii. 92 In Helicanus may you well descry A figure of truth, of faith, of loyalty. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriot, iii. 40 The mystical Figures of Pea¬ cocks, Doves and Cocks. 1791 Burke App. Whigs Wks. VI. 30 He is their standard figure of perfection. 1878 B. Taylor Deukalion Argt. 10 She is no figure of the Faith of her day. t b. An imaginary form, a phantasm. Obs. c 1384 Chaucer H. Fame 1. 48 Or if the soule .. warnith al and some .. Be avisions or be figures. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. iv. ii. 231 To scrape the figures out of your husbands braines. 10 . esp. An artificial representation of the human form. a. In sculpture: A statue, an image, an effigy. t To work by the figure (quot. 1598): perh. to operate on a wax effigy of a person, for the purpose of enchantment (Schmidt); some have referred it to sense 14. a 1300 Cursor M. 2290 (Cott.) Lik til his fader pat was ded A wygur was mad ; a 1300 E. E. Psaltery. cvi[i], 7 Alle schente be. .pat mirthen in par vigours [in simulacris ] als. c 1400 Destr. Troy 4349 The Figur of his fader was falsly honouryt. 1483 Caxton Cato A iij b, To adoure the ymages and other fygures humayn. 1535 Lyndesay Satyre 4087 Stage Direct ., Heir sal Dissait be drawin up, or ellis his figure. 1598 Shaks. Alerry W. iv. ii. 185 A witch .. She workes by Charmes, by Spels, by th’ Figure. 1611 Bible i Khigs vi. 29 Carued figures of Cherubims. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 11. 646 The breathing Figures of Corinthian Brass. 1717 Lady M.W. Montagu Lett. II. xlvi. 35 All the figures have their heads on. _ 1807-8 Scott Wav. App. ii, I tried, .to frighten her .. by introducing a figure through a trap-door. 1851 Hussey Papal Power iii. 158 The use of figures in Churches. b. In painting, drawing, etc. : A representation of human form (as opposed to landscape, still life, etc.). Now restricted to representation of the whole or greater part of the body. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xi. 43 A boist of grene iasper with foure figures and viii. names of oure Lord perin. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 159/2 Fygure, or lykenesse. 1676 Nor this Plutarch Add. Lives 75 His Cabinet, furnished with many Pourtraitures and Figures of those who had been Travellers. 1695 Dryden tr. Du Fresnoy\s Art of Painting Pref. 37 In the principal Figures of a Picture .. consists the principal beauty of his [the Painter’s] Work. 1705 Addison Italy 13 Tapestry, in which are wrought the Figures of. .great Per¬ sons. 1821 Craig Lect. Drawing viii. 428 If your subject be of figures. 1832 G. Downes Lett. Cont. Countries I. 14 On the front are the figures of his wife and child. c. Her. (Cf. F. figure the face.) 1727-41 Chambers Cycl ., Figure , in heraldry, a bearing in a shield, representing or resembling a human face; as a sun, a wind, an angel, etc. 111 . Represented character; part enacted; hence, position, capacity. Obs. 1610 Shaks. Temp. iii. iii. 83 Brauely the figure of this Harpie, hast thou Perform’d. 1673 Dryden Marr. d la Alode v. i. Since he is King, methinks he has assumed another Figure. 1675 Temple Let. to Sir J. Williamson Wks. 1731. II. 344 His Majesty would upon no Occasion quit the Figure of Mediator. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 262 F 6 Those who appear in the higher Figures of Life. 1721 De Foe Alem. Cavalie?' (1840) 113 Your majesty .. shall be served by me in any figure you please. *p b. One acting a part. Obs. rare. 1494 Fabyan Citron, vii. ccxxviii. 258 She was there as a fygure, a woman werynge that habyte without professyon of ordfe. t c. A person dressed in character. Obs. 1767 J. Penn Sleepy Serm. v, Horse-jockeys, Italian figures, rope-dancers, and ballad-singers. 12 . An emblem, type, t Ti figtire : in emblem¬ atical representation. J To be in figure : to be typical. + In figure to : emblematic of. a 1340 Hampole Psalter cxlvi-. 8 He hilys halywrit wip figurs forto stire men to seke. c 1366 Chaucer A. B.C. 169 Ysaak was figure of his [Christ’s] deth certeyn. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 697 pe ship pat beres vs in pe se, Of haly kyrke pe figure be. 1497 Bp. Alcock Alons Perfect. A ij, This mount is in figure and sygnefyeth relygyon. 1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 385/1 Al thing vnto them came in figures. 1607-12 Bacon Ess. Counsel (Arb.) 312 The auncient tymes doe sett fourth in Figure, .the incorporacion . .of Councell with Kinges. 1637 Nabbes Alicrocosm. 1. C, Oh gentle power.. Figure of peace. 1647 Saltm arsh Sparkles Gioiy (1847) 149 A rest or peace in figure to that glory and fulness to be revealed in us. 1651 C. Cartwright Cert. Relig. 1.122 The Rock, .was a TyP e and a Figure of Christ. 1730-6 in Bailey (folio). 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 453 It has long been usual to represent the imagination under the figure of a wing. III. Delineated or devised form; a design or pattern. 13 . A delineation illustrating the text of a book; a diagram, an illustration. When used as a refer¬ ence usually abbreviated to fig. The L. figura = Gr. < 7 x^?M a as applied to mathematical diagrams ; but the mod. use is influenced by sense 9. c 1391 Chaucer Astrol. 1. § 3 For the more declaracioun, lo here the figure. 1545 Raynold Byrth Alankynde (1564) Bij, Not onely in wordes, but also in liuely and expresse fygures. 1551 Recorde Pathw. Knowl. 11. Pref., The charges in cuttyng of the figures, a 1660 W. Oughtred (title), Mathematicall Recreations, or a Collection of sundry Problemes .. illustrated with divers Brasse Figures. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 173 As you see in the Figure at b. 1849 Sk. Nat. Hist., Mammalia IV. 113 Two figures of skulls (Fig. 71 and 72). 1861 P. L. Simmonds {title), Ure’s Cotton Manufacture, .in two volumes with one hundred and FIGURE. 206 FIGURE fifty original figures. 1885 Leudesdorf Cremona's Proj. Geom. 81 Let in the first figure a transversal m be drawn to cut a , l\ c, d in A, B , C, D respectively. 14 . Astrol. A diagram of the aspects of the astro¬ logical houses; a horoscope. A figure of hcaveti or the heavens : a scheme or table showing the dis¬ position of the heavens at a given time. To cast, erect, set a figure : see the vbs. 1393 Gower Con/. III. 79 He .. Through his carectes and figures The maistry and the power hadde. 1610 13 . Jonson Alch. iv. iv, By erection of her figure, I gest it. 1651 tr. Bacon's Li/e 4* Death 1 The Figures of Heaven, under which they were born. 1678 Butler Hud. in. i. 455 He set a Figure to discover 1 f you were fled to Rye or Dover. 1716 Addison Drummer 11. i, They are casting a figure. 1831 Brewster Newton (1855) I. ii. 21 He bought a book on Judicial Astrology..and in. .perusing it he came to a figure of the Heavens. 15 . An arrangement of lines or other markings forming an ornamental device ; one of the devices combined into a decorative pattern ; also applied to similar markings produced by natural agency. Also collect. + In figure : so as to form a pattern. 1597 Shaks. Lovers Comfit. 17 Oft did she heave her napkin to her eyne .. Laundering the silken figures in the brine. 1625 Bacon Ess. Friendshifi (Arb.) 175 It was well said. .That speech was like Cloth of Arras, opened, and put abroad; Whereby the Imagery doth appeare in Figure; whereas in Thoughts, they lie but as in Packs. 1637 Milton Lycidas 105 His bonnet sedge, Inwrought with figures dim. 1665 G. Havers Sir T. Roe's Voy. E. Itid. 447 This Seal, .the Great Mogul, either in a large, or lesser figure causeth to be put into all Firmanes. 1833 Ht. Martineau Loom <$• Lugger 11. vi. 118 A beautiful figure that velvet has, to be sure. 1855 Tennyson Brook 103 Sketching with her slender pointed foot Some figure..On garden gravel, i860 Tyndall Glac. 11. i. 232 The luminous figure reflected from such a surface is exceedingly beautiful. traits/. 1667 Milton P. L. vii. 426 Part more wise In common, rang’d in figure, wedge thir way. 1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 10 Apr. (1861) I. 358 He. .begins a sort of solemn dance. They all stand aliout him in a regular figure. 16 . Dancing. One of the evolutions or move¬ ments of a dance or dancer; also, a set of evolu¬ tions ; one of the divisions into which a set dance is divided. 1636 Massinger Gt. DJc. Florence iv. i, Keep your figure fair. And follow but the sample I shall set you. 1806-7 J- Bereseord Miseries Hum. Li/e (1826) 111. xvii, Blundering in the figure all the way down a country dance. 1825 Anal. Lond. Ball-room 62 The figure and tune being selected, the M. C. should be informed of it. 1874 Mrs. H. Wood Mast. Greylands I 84 Such was the commencement of the figure. 17 . Skating. ‘A movement, or series of move¬ ments, beginning and ending at the centre’ ( Badm. LibrSkating 145). 1869 Vandervell & Witham Sysl. Figure-skating ix. 164 To commence a figure the skaters stand opposite each other, as on the sides of a square. IV. A written character. Cf. 15. f 18 . gen. Applied, e.g., to a letter of the alpha¬ bet, the symbol of a musical note, a mathematical symbol, etc. Ohs. 1597 M9RLEY Introd. Mils. Annot., Figures in time shorter than minimes cannot be tied or enter in ligature. 1607 Shaks. Fim on v. i. 157 Shall, .write in thee the figures of their loue Euer to read them thine. Ibid. v. iii. 7 The Charracter lie take with wax, Our Captaine hath in euery Figure skill. 1609 J. Douland Ornithofi. Microl. 39 A Breefe is a Figure, which hath a body foure-square, and wants a tayle pz;. 1660 Barrow Euclid 11. i. Schol., Seeing by reason of the figure —, that A is not [etc.]. 19 . A numerical symbol. Originally, and still chiefly, applied to the ten symbols of the so-called Arabic notation. Two (or double ), three, four, etc. figures ; a number amounting to ten or more, a hundred or more, a thousand or more, etc.; a sum of money indicated by such a number. Man of figures : one versed in arithmetic or statistics. In Cricket, To get into or reach double or three figures = to make ten or a hundred runs. a 1225 Auer. R. 214 pe 3iscare. .make# perinne figures of augrim. c 1305 Edmund Con/. 223 in E. E. P. (1862) 77 Arsmetrike raddc in cours. .& his figours drou3 aldai. c 1369 Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 447 And recken with his figures ten. c 1425 Cra/t Nombryngc 1 In pis craft ben vsid teen figurys. 1542 Recorde Gr. Aides (1575) 42 There are but ten Figures, that are vsed in Arithmetike. 1600 T. Hill Arith. 5 b, The Cipher (for so the figure o is peculiarly named, although it be generally called and accompted as a figure). 1674 Playford Skill Mus. 1. xi. 36 The Figures usually placed over Notes in the Thorough-Bass of Songs. x 74^ _ 7 Hervey Medit. (1818)72 Arithmeticians have figures, to compute all the progressions of time. 1817 Tierney in Pari. Deb. 1357 The noble lord, .could not disprove figures. 1884 Punch 5 Apr. 161/1 Mr. B., A. R. A , sends a ‘single figure for which he asks three figures. 1384 Lillywhite's Cricket Ann. 64 Lancashire could not reach three figures either time. b. Figure of eight : see Eight 3. Also attrib., ai in figure of eight bandage , suture. Figure of eight moth : (see quot.). 1604 Marston Malcontent iv. ii, [The brawl] Why, ’tis but singles on the left, two on the right, .a figure of eight. 1815 Kirby & Sp. Entoinol. I. 196 The figure-of-eight-moth ( Bom - hyx cxruleocefihala , FA 1871 Holmes Syst. Surg. (ed. 2) V. 508 The figure of eight bandage is formed of a single con¬ tinuous roller. c. Figure {of) four\ a trap for catching animals, the trigger of which is set in the shape of the figure 4. j 1872 O. W. Holmes Poet Break/.-t. 1.(1885) 10 Rabbits are ! entrapped in ‘ figgery fours’. 1889 Farmer Americanisms, Figure Four, a hunter’s trap for large game. Also called a dead-/all. 20 . Hence, An amount, number, sum of money expressed in figures. 1842 Punch II. 118/2 He may put a better dessert upon his table at a lighter figure than now. 1848 Thackeray Bk. Snobs x, Accommodating a youngster .. with a glandered charger at an uncommonly stiff figure. 1869 Tyndall Notes Lect. Light § 127 The index of refraction .. reached .. so high a figure as 2.4. V. In various uses, representing the technical applications of Gr. axw a - 21 . Rhet. Any of the various * forms’ of expres¬ sion, deviating from the normal arrangement or use of words, which are adopted in order to give beauty, variety, or force to a composition ; e.g. Aposiopesis, Hyperbole, Metaphor, etc. Also, figure of speech. c 1386 Chaucer Clerk's Prol. 16 Your termes, your coloures, and your figures, Kepe hem in store, til [etc.]. 1589 Putten- ham Eng. Pocsie in. vii. (Arb.) 166 Figures be the instruments of ornament in euery language. 1596 Harington Mctam. Ajax (1814) 11 And minding to speak it shorter, by the figure of abbreviation. 1609 Bible (Douay) Ps. cxiii. Comm., By the figure Apostrophe he speaketh to the sea, river, and liilles. C1633 Hobbes Rhet. (1840) 519 A figure is garnish¬ ing of speech in words, or in a sentence. 1665 Boyle Occas. Refi. Pref. (1848) 22 That noble Figure of Rhetorick call’d Hyperbole. 1766 Ciiesterf. Lett. 188 The Egotism is the usuall and favourite figure of most people's Rhetorick. 1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram, (ed. 5) I. 486 Figures of Speech imply some departure from simplicity of expression. 1878 Bosw. Smith Carthage 161 The proverb ‘as many slaves, so many enemies’ was, in their case, no figure of rhetoric but the stern and simple truth. b. In a more restricted sense (with mixture of senses 9 and 12); A metaphor or metaphorical mode of expression ; an image, similitude. 1435 Misyn Fire 0/Love 3 J>e flaume, whilk vndyr fygure I cald fyer. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 1 Declareth it by the similitude and fygure of the passage of the chyldren of Israel from Egypte. 1611 Bible i Cor. iv. 6 These things .. I haue in a figure transferred to my selfe. 1727 Pope, etc. Art 0/Sinking 77 That.. destroyer of fine figures, which is known by the name of common sense. 1782 Priestley Corruf>t> Chr . I. 11. 156 [These] expressions have much the air of figure and allusion. 1855 Brimley Ess. 44 Simile and figure may be regarded as a natural short-hand. 1875 Jovvett Plato (ed. 2) III. 96 The old Pythagorean ethical symbols still exist as figures of speech among ourselves. 22 . Grammar. Any of the permitted deviations from the normal forms of words (e.g. Apheeresis, Syncope, Elision), or from the ordinary rules of construction (e.g. Ellipsis). + Formerly also figure of speech. 1669 Milton Accedence Gram. Wks. 1851 VI. 467 Words are sometimes encreast or diminisht by a Letter or Syllable .. which are call’d Figures of Speech. 1721-1800 in Bailey. 23 . Logic. (See quot. 1S37-8.) 1551 Wilson Logike (1567) 286 Examples of the firste figure and the modes thereof. 1589 Pap fie w. Hatchet B b, ’Tis neither in moode nor figure. 1628 T. Spencer Logick 258 Aristotle delivers the forme of Syllogismes. .and divides them into three figures. 1663 Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 141 A Reverend Father .. has put Mr. Cressy’s rhapsody into mode and figure. 1708 Swift Sacramental Test , As to that argument.. I wonder by what figure those gentlemen speak. 1837-8 Sir W. Hamilton Logic xx. (1866) I. 400 The forms determined by the different position of the middle term .. in the premises of a syllogism, are called figures,—a name given to them by Aristotle. 24 . Mus. ‘ Any short succession of notes, either as melody or a group of chords, which produces a single, complete, and distinct impression ’ (Grove). 1884 R. Prentice Musician III. 29 The first Invention is founded entirely on the opening eight-note figure, VI. attrib. and Comb . 25 . a. simple attrib. (sense io), as figure-action, - incident , - painting , picture, - piece , - sculpture, -. sttidy, - subject ; b. objective (sense 4), as figure¬ training; (senses io, 15) as figure-cawer , cawing, - stamper, - weaving . i860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. ix. i. 198 Heroic [landscape] . .is frequently without architecture; never without *figure- action, or emotion.. Contemplative [landscape], .requires.. ^figure incident. 1868 G. Stephens Runic Mon. II. 511 The ^figure-stampers and ^figure carvers of the Early and still more of the Later Iron Age. 1849 Southey Comm.-fit. Bk. Ser. 11. 345 To cut up a fowl in the air. .This sort of ^figure- carving implies abominable cookery. 1873 Hamerton Intell. Li/e vii. 239 The wife is with you always .. the world, to you, is a *figure-picture in which there is one figure, the rest is merely background. 1864 A. McKay Hist. Kilmarnock (ed. 4) 250 He excelled .. in .. landscapes, and ^figure-pieces. 1874 Micklf.thwaite Mod. Par. Churches iii Whether or not ^figure-sculpture ought to be employed in ecclesiastical architecture. 1884 Ruskin in Pall Mall G. 10 Dec. 11/1 The vast irruption of sensual * figure-study. 1877 W. Jones Finger-ring 374 An ivory patch-box,. with ■^figure-subject carved in relief. 1871 (/'z 7 &'),*Figure < Trajning. 1831 G. Porter Silk Manu/. 234 ^Figure-weaving is the art of producing various patterns in the cloth. 26 . Special comb.: figure-maker, {a) one who casts or moulds figures ; {b) a maker of wooden anatomical models for artists; figure-servant, 7 ionce-wd., a commercial clerk ; figure-six a. (see quot. 1851); figure-skater, one who practises figure-skating ; figure-skating, the art or practice of skating in figures (see Figure sb. 17); figure- stone {Mml) - Agalmatolite. Also Figure- caster, Figure-dance, Figure-flinger, etc. 1850 J. H. Newman Difiic. Anglic. 205 Operatives, journeymen, *figure-servants and labourers. 1851 Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 36/2 The hair, they [coster-lads] say ought to be. .done in ^figure-six curls. 1892 T. M. Witham Figure-skating in Skating (Badm. Libr.) iii. 45 Dry cracks . .are very dangerous to the ^figure-skater. 1852 H. Spencer Grace/ulness Ess. 1891 II. 384 Early attempts .. in ^figure- skating, are.. fatiguing. 1892 T. M. Witham Figure-skating in Skating (Badm. Libr.) iii. 57 A figure-skating club .. the members of which are mostly English. 1805 R. Jameson Char. Min. II. 604 It is brought from China, and has received the name ^Figure-stone. 1852 L. Olipiiant Journey to Katmandu 174 Amongst other minerals are corundum, figure-stone, and talc. Figure (fi'gaj, -iiu), v. [f. prec. sb.; cf. OF. (and mod.Fr.) figurer ( — Pr. and Sp. figurar, It. figurarc, ad. L. figurdre, f. figura Figuhe sb.), which is probably the source of some of the senses.] + 1 . trans. To give figure to ; to form, shape ; to bring into shape. Obs. la 1400 Morte Arth. 2151 The faireste fygured folde that fygurede was ever. 1555 Eden Decades 261 The damme .. by lyttle and lyttle figurethe the informe byrthe. 1645 Evelyn Mem. (1819)1. 186 Piedestals exquisitely cast and figur’d. 4:1790 Imison Sch. Art II. 155 The. bed of hones should be .. very little larger than the metal intended to be figured upon it. fb. With complement: To shape into ; also to shape into (a specified form). Obs. c 1430 Pilgr. Ly/Manhode 1. lxxii. (iS6p) 42 Flesh and blood it is in sooth, but bred it and wyn it is figured. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 352 Some [shining wood] was found to be Firm and hard; so as it might be figured into a Cross. 2 . To represent in a diagram or picture. C1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 456 J>o holy Trinity in no manere schulde be fygurid .. in }?at fourme by whiche comynly hit is peyntid. c 1391 Chaucer Astrol. 1. § 9 Next this folwyth the cercle of the dayes that ben figured in maner of degrees. C1430 Pilgr. Ly/Manhode iv. ii. (1869) 175 Ordeyned j haue that peynted it [the beste] be heere and figured, c 1500 Melusiue 364 Ryche pictures where as were fygured many a noble hystory. 1591 Spenser Muiofi. 277 Arachne figur’d how love did abuse Europa like a bull. 1776 Withering Brit. Plants (1796) IV. iii Fucus/cistigi- atus of Wulfen, figured in Jacq. coll. iii. 14. 2, is perhaps the plant of Linnasus. 1814 Wordsw. White Doeo/Ryl. 11. 20 The sacred Cross; and figured there The five dear wounds our Lord did bear. 1851 Carpenter Alan. Phys. (ed. 2) 531 The Perch, whose Encephalon is here figured. 1882 M inchin Unifil. Kincmat . 17 Some such curve as that figured, b. To trace, mark (a design, letter, etc.). 1526 Tindale 2 Cor. iii. 7 The ministracion of deeth thorowe the letters figured in stones. 1801 Southey Thalaba v. xii, Whose windows lay in light, And of their former shape .. Rude outline on the earth Figured. 3 . To picture in the mind; to imagine. Const, with simple compl . and object clause. (Sometimes io figure to oneself : cf. F. se figurcr.) 1603 Shaks. Aleas./or M. i. ii. 53 Thou art alwayes figuring diseases in me; but.. I am sound. 1637 N abbes Microcosm. 111, I am transform’d into a happiness Cannot be figured. 1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Lett. (1861) I. 367 He .. had .. already figured his bride to himself with all the deformities in nature. 1760 H. Walpole Corr. (ed. 3) III. cccxlvii. 332 You cannot figure a duller season. 1831 Carlyle Sart. Res. i. 2 In all speculations they have tacitly figured Man as a Clothed Animal. 1851 —Sterling 1. iv.( 1872127 ,1 figure him a brilliant .. creature. 1868 Airy Pop. Astron. iii. 123 There is no difficulty at all in figuring to ourselves .. that [etc.]. 1886 Mrs. Lynn Linton Faston Care'w xlii, All the pains and griefs his imagination had ever figured. 4 . To portray or represent by speech or action. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 21 Aventurous dedis that Hercules, as it is figured, .in. .the .v. booke of Boecius, toke uppon him. 1594 Shaks. Rich . Ill , 1. ii. 194 Anne. I would I knew thy heart. Glo. 'Tis figur'd in my tongue. 1634 Ford P. JVar- beck 1. i, Thy heart Is figur’d on thy tongue, a 1668 ?Davenant in Dryden Prose Wks. 1800 I. 11. 214 An heroic poem should be .. like a glass of nature, figuring a more practicable virtue to us than was done by the ancients. 1894 R. H. Sherard in Westm. G. 13 June 2/1 The aficionados do all in their power to figure a Spanish audience, .but these simulated enthusiasms have but a hollow ring. + 5 . ‘To prefigure, foreshow’ (J.). Obs. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, 11. i. 32 Three glorious Sunnes, each one a perfect Sunne. .In this, the Heauen figures some euent. 6. To be an image, symbol, or type of; to repre* sent typically. 1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 63 Two perfit lyves. (hat actif and contemplatif comounli ben callid, ffulli figurid by Marie and Martha. 1447 Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.) 10 These sexe vertuhs be fyguryd mystyly In the sexe wengys .. Of the cherubyns. 1450 -1530 Myrr. our Ladye 250 The body of her blyssed sonne. .was fygured by the sayde arke. 1604 Dkk- kf.r King's Entert. Wks. 1873 I. 280 A Personage, figuring, The Counsell of the City. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxxii. 129 This boy leaned on his elbow upon the Chaems chair and figured mercy. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 11. 593 Soft Peace they [olives] figure, and sweet Plenty bring. + 7 . To display the form of; to exhibit a resem¬ blance to. Obs. 1567 Maplet Gr. Forest 34 Birdes tongue is an Herbe. .It figureth the tong of a Birde, whereof it hath his name. In his top it figureth a taile to looke to. 1779 Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 54 A high island .. which remarkably figures a cock’s comb. + 8. To represent as resembling; to liken (a per¬ son or thing) to (another). Obs. x 393 Gower Con/. III. 118 Taurus .. figured is Unto a bulle. 1520 Caxton's Chron. Eng. m. 24 b/i This man was FIGURE. 207 FIGURINE cursed every ynche, and therfore he was fygured to Ante- cryst. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cccxcix. 691 Sermons made.. figurynge them to the people of Israeli, whome kynge Pharaon kepte long in seruytude. 9 . f a. To predicate in a metaphorical sense [obs.). b. To express by a metaphor or image. C1386 Chaucer Pars. T. p 922 (Ellesmere) Mariage is figured betwixe Crist and holy chirche. 1836 Emerson Nat. x Prospects Wks. (Bohn) II. 171 The difference .. is happily figured by the schoolmen, in saying that the know¬ ledge of man is an evening knowledge .. but that of God is a morning knowledge. 1857 Buckle Civiliz. I. vii. 225 That image of desolation under which the noble old man figured his immeasurable grief. + 10 . To frame (a discourse) according to rhetori¬ cal figures ; to adorn with figures of speech. Obs. 1652 Urquhart Jewel Wks. (1834)292 Ironical, .cromatiek, or any other way of figuring a speech by opposition, being formules of oratory. 1727 Bailey vol. II. s. v. Figures ( Theatrical ), Orators, .figure their Discourses. 11 . To adorn or mark with figures; to embellish or ornament with a design or pattern. 1480 Wardr. Acc. Edw. IV{ 1830) 116 Blue velvet figured with tawny. 1595 Shaks. John v. ii. 53 Had I seene the vaultie top of heauen Figur’d quite ore with burning Meteors. 1609 Bible (Douay) Isa. xl. 19 Hath the goldsmith figured it with gold ? 1725 Pope Odyss. iv. 808 A goblet of capacious mold, Figur’d with art to dignify the gold. 1883 Truth 31 May 769/2 Crimson satin, figured with velvet flowers. 12 . a. Ivans . To mark with (numerical) figures ; to express or indicate by figures. Also, + To figure (a sum of money) on (a person) : (slang) to total up against. 1683 Dryden & Lee Duke of Guise v. it So what was figured twelve, to thy dull sight Appeared full twenty-one. 1773 Gcntl. Mag. XLlII. 654 His antagonist .. figured on him (as his phrase is)at the game of two-handed whist, about £200. 1781 Cowpf.r Let. to y. Hill 3 Oct., Your draft is worded for twenty pounds, and figured for twenty-one. b. intr . To use figures in arithmetic. Also trans. To figure tip : to reckon up with figures. To figure out : see 15 c. 1854 H. Miller Sch. <$• Schm. iii. (1858^ 52 He wrote and figured well. 1884 Bread lVinners 245 I’ll figure it all up and take my pay. c. trans. Mus. To write figures over or under (the bass) in order to indicate the intended har¬ mony. Cf. Figured ppl. a. 7. 1674 Playford Skill Mus. in. 5 You find here only men¬ tioned and figured a third, fifth, and eighth. 1881 G. A. Macfarren Counterpoint v. 20 It is recommended to figure the bass throughout these exercises. 13 . intr. Dancing. To perform a figure or set of evolutions (see Figure sb. 16). Also, to figure away , down , out (see 15 d). 1744 Coll. Country Dances 2 Foot it again and half figure. 1780 Cowper Progr. Err. 366 We .. Teach him to fence and figure twice a week. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk., Christmas Eve (1865' 251 The squire himself figured down several couple with a partner. 1828 Longf. in Life ( 1891) I. 139 One passing regret that he cannot .. figure away in the dance with the best of them. 14 . intr. a. To make an appearance, to appear; often with as : To appear in the character of, stand for; also, to look like. + To figure for: (a) to pose as a claimant for, pretend to; ( b ) to stand for, represent. To figure in : to come upon the scene. Cf. Figure sb. 6. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. x. lvii. (1612) 253 The Duke of Guize, who earst had figur’d for the Crowne. 1634 D’Ave- nant Temple of Love Dram. Wks. 1872 I. 287 On the other side an Asiatique in the habit of an Indian borderer, .figured for the Asian monarchy. 1762 Goldsm. Nash 50 When he first figured at Bath, there were few laws against this de¬ structive amusement. 1812 H. & J. Smith Rej. Addr. xvii. (1873) 162 Like great Jove, the leader figuring in, Attunes to order the chaotic din. 1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 106 note t This gentleman . . formerly figured as shopman at an oil warehouse. 1826 Disraeli Viv. Grey 11. xiii, On the door of one of the shabbiest houses in Jermyn Street the name of Mr. Stapylton Toad for a long time figured. 1837 — Venetia 1. viii, The intervening woods figured as the forests of Thessaly. 1871 Morley Voltaire (1886) 11 One of those robust and incisive constitutions, to which doubt figures as a sickness. 1893 Law Times XCIV. 454/1 Propositions of this kind will not figure upon the Statute-book yet awhile. b. To make a distinguished appearance; to be conspicuous or notable. Also, To figure away , off\ to ‘show off 1 . Cf. Figure sb. 7. 1736 Bolingbroke Patriot. (1749) iii. 233 Persons who figured afterwards in the rebellion. 1762 Churchill Ghost iv, Whilst my Lord figur'd at a race. 1771 Mad. D’Arblay Early Diary 8 May (1889) I. 112 Dr. King .. came in and figured away to his own satisfaction before Mr. Garrick. 1803 T. Jefferson Writ. (1830) III. 501 We shall get en¬ tangled in European politics, and figuring more, be much less happy. 1812 Foster Let. 7 Feb., in Life $ Corr. (1846) I. lxxxv. 426 Without obtaining, against the monopolists of the bar, even the opportunity of fairly figuring off in this jabber. 1814 Chalmers Evid. Chr. Revel, v. 147 Such a testimony would have figured away in all our elementary treatises. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 236/1 Yorkshire then begins to figure as a cloth-making county. 15 . Figfure out. + a. trans. To display or exhibit in visionary forms or shapes. Also, To exhibit obscurely, shadow forth. Obs. 1602 Daniel Hymens Tri. iii. ii, No Time .. for me to .. leave for Sleep to figure out the rest. 1721 R. Keith tr. T. a Kern pis' Solil. Soul xiii. 207 If .. thou dost figure out by such a Document, .somewhat, .both just and reasonable. + b. To portray, represent. 1657 W. Rand tr. Gassendi's Life Pelresc 1. 59 He never .. refused to suffer himself to be painted or figured out in a Statue. 1702 Addison Dial. Medals Wks. 1721 I. 490 The Emperor.. holds a Globe in his hand, to figure out the Earth. c. To work out (a sum) by means of figures. 1884 Punch 15 Mar. 125/1 Whitewash .. on which you could, .figure out a sum. d. intr. To step out and perform a figure in dancing. 1753 Foote Eng. in Paris 1. Wks. 1799 I. 36 When ’twas her turn to figure out, souse she flapp’d on her back. Figure-ca ster. f 1 . One who practises the casting of figures (see Cast v. 39 ancl Figube sb. 14); ‘a pretender to astrology ’ (J.). Obs. 1584 R. Scot Discov. Witcher, xi. xxi. 169 The vaine and trifling tricks of figure-casters. 1642 Milton Apol. Smect. (1851) 306, I, by this figure-caster must be imagin’d in .. distresse. 2 . One who cas'.s up figures (see Figure sb. 19). „ l8 3 x Scott Ct. Robt. vii, Movable troops for which this figure-caster [the Logothete] makes no allowance. 1880 Swinburne Stud. Shaks. i. (ed. 2) 10 A whole tribe of finger- counters and figure-casters. Fi’gure-ca sting, vbl. sb. The action or prac¬ tice of casting a figure (see Cast v. 39). 1600 Abp. Abbot Exp. Jonah 287 Figure-casting .. to judge of nativities, .is a lying vanity. 1625 Hart Ana t. Ur. 11. xi. 123 Figure-casting, with a world of other forbidden trash. 1868 Milman St. Paul's 299 Foolish fears .. from the .. opposition of planets, and from figure-casting. Figured (frgaTd, -iiud), ppl. a. [f. Figure v. and sb. + -ed 1 and 2 .] 1 . In various senses of the vb.: Shaped into a figure or figures; represented by figures, etc. 1552 Huloet, Figured like an Image, imaginatus. 1599 Shaks. 'Pass. Pilgr. 52 He refus’d to take her figur’d proffer. 1697 Dryden sEyieid v. 704 This Goblet, rough with figur’d Gold. 1710 Pote Windsor For. 335 The figur’d Streams in Waves ot Silver roll’d. 2 . Having a particular figure or shape. In comb, with advbs., as fair, foul, ill figured. ?a: 1400 Morte Arth. 2151 The faireste fygured folde that fygurede was ever, c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iv. ii. (1869) 175 Thilke beste was .. so foule figured that [etc.], a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon civ. 593 Thoughe they were ones fayre now they be fowle and y 11 fygured. 1821 T. Dwight Travels II. 141 Its summits are finely figured, and richly diversified. + 3 . Having definite shape; also, formed into figures or patterns. Cf. Figurate A. 2. Obs. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 588 Trees and Herbs, in the growing forth of their Boughs and Branches are not figured and keep no order. 1786 R. Willan in Med. Commun. II. 118 He had a figured natural stool, and .. two or three loose motions. 1789 G. White Selbor?ie (1853) II. xli. 272 Geese and cranes, .move in figured flights. 4 . Adorned or ornamented with patterns or de¬ signs. Figured card— Court card. c 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn ii. 15 Riche tapysserye of the destruction of Troye, Well and alonge fygured. 1593 Shaks. Rich. //, iii. iii. 150 lie giue .. My figur’d Goblets, for a Dish of Wood. 1596 Harington Metam. Ajax 36 Fugerd sattin and velvet. 1611 Cotgr., Velours a fond de satin.. Figured Satin. 1777 Sheridan Sch. Scand. 11. i, A pretty figured linen gown. 1821 Shelley Prometh. Unb. iv. i, The figured curtain of sleep. 1882 Mrs. Raven's Tempt. II. 87 She wore, .a figured shawl. 5 . Adorned with rhetorical figures ; figurative. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems lxvi. 10 Figurit speiche, with faceis tua. C1698 Locke Cond. Underst. § 32 (1762') 127 Figured and metaphorical expressions do well to illustrate more abstruse and unfamiliar ideas. 1727 Pope, etc. Art of Sinking 108 Style is divided by the rhetoricians into the proper and the figured. 1861 M. Arnold Pop. Educ . France 170 The figured language of which he is a master. 6. Of a dance : Consisting of figures. ^1711 Shaftesb. Charac. III. 91 Enthusiasm, which is .. wrought upon by Chalices, Candles, Robes, and figur’d Dances. 1879 Geo. Eliot Coll. Breakf. P. 95 Nor any missing of their figured dance. 7 . Mus. a. = Fi.oiiid. b. Figured bass = thorough bass: see Bass sb.$ 1879 Grove Diet. Mus. s. v., Figured Counterpoint is where several notes of various lengths, with syncopations and other ornamental devices, are set against the single notes of the Canto fermo; and Figured melody, or Canto fgurado, was the breaking up of the long notes of the church melodies into larger or more rapid figures or passages. 8. Her. (See quot. and cf. Figure sb. 10 c.) 1830 in Robson Brit. Her. III. Gloss. 1889 Elvin Diet. Her. s. v., Charges on which human faces are depicted, are blazoned Figured, as the Sun, Crescents, etc. Hence Fi’guredly adv. 1636 Abp. Williams Holy Table i. 11 Not so figuredly and distinctly in the later. Frgure-dance. A dance, or exhibition of dancing, consisting of several distinct figures or divisions (see quot. 1801). 1801 Strutt Sports <$* Past. in. v. 175 The grand figure- dances. .are. .pantomimical representations of historical and poetical subjects, expressed by fantastic gestures. fig. 1816 Coleridge I.ay Serm. 327 The giddy figure-dance of political changes. Figure-dancer. 1 . A performer in a figure-dance. x 753 A. Murphy Gray’s-Inn Jml. No. 25 They all had the Honour of Kissing a Figure Dancer. 1779 Sheridan Critic 1. i, French spies .. disguised like fiddlers and figure dancers. 1819 Metropolis II. 202 The figure-dancers, flower- girls, characters [etc.]. 2 . slang. (See quot.) 1796 Grose Diet. Vulg. Tongue , Figure Dancer , one who alters figures on bank notes, converting tens to hundreds. Figure-fli nger. A contemptuous synonym of Figure-castek i. 1587 Fleming Contn. Holinshcd III. 1271 Simon Pen- brooke .. a figureflinger, and vehementlie suspected to be a coniurer. 1652-62 Heylin Cosmogr. hi. (1674) 113/1 Every Astrologaster or Figure-flinger was called a chaldean. 1712 Hf.arne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 407 Mr. Gadbury the Figure Flinger mentions the Custom in one of his Almanacks. So Fi gure-fli ng-ing- vbl. sb. = Figure-casting. a 1625 Boys Wks. (1629) 734 Not by starre-gazing, or figure-flinging, or conjuring, or any curious act. 1652 Gaule Magastrom. 60 A fantasticall figure-flinging. 1723 Hearne in Rem. 1 July (ed. 2) II. 165 Being much addicted to astrology, he gave over his trade and set up the trade of figure flinging and publishing of almanacks. Figure-head. 1 . A piece of ornamental carving, usually a bust or full-length figure, placed over the cut-water of a ship. 1765 Ann. Reg. 185 His Majesty’s ship .. will soon have a new figure-head. 1833 Marryat P. Simple (1863) 113 If her figure-head .. be finished off by the same builder, she’s perfect. 1887 Besant The World went xxvii. 207 The beautiful carved group, .once served for a figure-head. b. humorously for : Face (of a person). 1840 Marryat Poor Jack v, [It] had..knocked his figure¬ head all to smash. 1884 Pae Eustace 91 If you don’t want your figure-head spoiled. 2 . Said depreciatingly of one who holds the position of head of a body of persons, a community, society, etc., but possesses neither authority nor influence. Also attrib. 1883 Congregatioualist Dec. 1019 Mere diocesan figure¬ heads with no opinions at all. 1885 HarpePs Mag. Mar. 610/2 A mere figure-head president. 1891 Spectator 12 Dec. 832 A mere figure-head to the Government. 3 . Arch. A grotesque head, animal, etc., carved in stone on the corbel of a building ; a corbel-head. 1874 Archxol. Assoc. Jml. Dec. 416 The row of figure¬ heads is continued inside that portion of the church. Hence Figure-headless#., without a figure-head. Figure-hea^dship, the position of figure-head. 1878 Besant & Rice Celia's Arb. I. xv. 219 The figure¬ headless ironclads of the present degenerate days. 1884 Pall Mall G. 14 May 3/1 The figure-headship of the Oppo¬ sition. Figureless (fi'go-iles, -miles), a. [f. Figure sb. + -less.] Without figure or a figure. 1 . Without shape, shapeless. 1606 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. iv. 1. (1641) 198/2 If heer.. I write .. These Figures figure-less. 1892 W. S. Lilly Gt. E?iigma 287 They are figureless and formless. 2 . Not bearing a figure. 1849 Rock Ch. of Fathers II. vi. 262 The plain, figureless, wooefen cross, borne in procession during Passion-tide. 3 . Mus. Devoid of figure (see Figure sb. 24). 1887 E. Gurney Tertium Quid II. 30 Figureless counter¬ pointless see-sawings. Figurement (Trgoiment, -iuiment). rare. [f. Figure v. + -ment.] a. Presentation of figures to the mind. b. Introduction as a figure or ornament. 1850 Blackie FEschylus II. 237 But yesternight, with figurement most clear, I dreamt. 1879 G. Meredith Egoist I. xiv. 255 An embellishment, .such truly as should one day gain for them an inweaving and figurement—in the place of bees, ermine tufts [etc.], .upon the august great robes. Figurer. [f. as prec. + -er l.] One who figures. + a One who serves as a figure or type of. + b. One who makes use of a figure or type, f c. One who figures or counterfeits; an imitator. + d. = Figure-dancer, e. = Figure-skater. 1548 Gest Pr. Masse 104 Aaron, .was a fygurer of Christ. 1565 Jewel Repl. Harding (1611) 331. And whatsoeuer they were that vsed this word, Figura, in this matter of the Sacrament, D. Steuen Gardiner scornfully calleth them Figuratores, Figurers. 1665 Herbert Trav. (1677) 383 Parrat. .painful figurer of humane voice. 1782 T. Vaughan Fashionable Follies 1 . 204 The prettiest figurer at the opera. 1882 N. & A. Goodman Fen skating 10 The contempt felt by figurers for fen skaters. Figuresome (frgo.isi'm, -itusimi), a. [f. as prec. + -some.] Bent upon making a (prominent) figure. 1884 Blackmore Tommy Upm.. I. xv. 234 A figuresome member of the Opposition, .had given notice of a question. Figurette (fi : giure*t). rare~ l . [f. Figure sb. + -ette.] = Figurine. 1850 Leitch tr. Muller's A?ic. Art § 307. 349 The silver inlaid work on bronze figurettes in the museum at Naples. + Figuretto. Obs. rare~ l . [? error for It. figurato figured (stuff).] (See quot. 1678.) 1662 Slat. Ireland (1765) II. 473 Figurettoes with silk or copper. 1678 Phillips, Figuretto , a kind of stuff so called from the flowres or other figures which are wrought upon it. 172X in Bailey. 1775 in Ash. Figurial (figiCwrial),tz. ‘ Represented by figure or delineation ’ (Craig 1847). Whence in mod. Diets. Figurine ffigiurrn). [a. F. figurine , ad. It. figurina, dim. of figura : see Figube and -ink.] A small carved or sculptured figure. 1854 tr. Lamartine’s Celebr. Char. IT. 333 Copper frames ornamented with wooden figurines representing personages from history. 1883 Pall Mall G. 15 Mar. 2/2 A Roman girl, .selling figurines at the doors of a temple. 208 FILAMENTO-, FIGURING. Figuring (frgarig, -iurig), vbl. sb. [f. Figure V . + -ING J .] 1 . The action of the vb. Figure. Also with out. 1534 More On the Passion Wks. 1335/1 Hys blessed bodye and bloude in the sacrament, thoughe they seme dead, for the more ful representacyon and fygurynge of the same bodye and bloude remaynynge deade on the crosse. 1648 W. Mountague Devout Ess. xiii. § 6.168 Chaines which vain Lovers forge for the figuring out the powerfulnesse of beauty. 1859 Geo. Eliot A. Bede 5 ‘ There’s the sperrit o’ God in all things, . i’the figuring and the mechanics.’ 1881 Kraus in Metal World No. 24. 371 The apprentice should acquire a knowledge of. .practical figuring. attrib. 1752 N. Dukes ( title ', A concise and easy Method of learning the Figuring part of Country Dances. t 2 . a. ? Configuration, form (or perh. emblem¬ atic significance), b. An impressed shape. Obs. t 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. 298 This flour, .bereth our alder pris in figurynge. 1665 Glanvill Seeps. Sei. xxii. 221 Let us consider, .the divers figurings of the brain. 3 . = Figure-skating. 1869 Vandervell & With am Figure-skating i. 24 From these two figures [3 and 8].. we get the terms ‘figure-skating or ‘ figuring'. t Figurist. Obs. [f. as prec. -f -ist.] One who maintains the figurative nature of something (e.g. of the presence of Christ in the Eucharist). 1585-7 T. Rogers 39 Art. (1607) 289 The Symbolists, Figurists, and Significatists. .are of opinion that the faithful at the Lord’s supper do receive nothing but naked and bare signs. 1625 Bp. Mountagu Appeale to Caesar 297 The Figurists, Significatists, Symbolists, taught you this Doc¬ trine. 1737 Waterland Eucharist (ed. 2) 453. Dr. Cud- worth’s notion is in no way favourable to the Figurists, or Memorialists. + Figuristian. Obs. (Meaning not clear). 1716 M. Davies A then. Brit. II. To Rdr. 45 The infimous Class of Mechanick Figuristians. + Frgurize, Obs.— 1 [f. Figure sb. + -ize.] intr. To indulge in figures of speech. 1649 H. Lawrence Some Consul, n Will the way to helpe our selves be to fall a Figurizing and Allaegorizing ? Fi'gury, a,} Obs. [a. OF. figurd figured.] = Figured (of satin, velvet, tinsel, etc.). 1467 Nottingham Rec. 11 .262 Duas manicas de saten figur’. 1473 in Ld. Treas.Accts. Scot. I. 73 A govne. .of blac satyne figory. 1480 Wardr. Acc. Edw. IV( 1830) 116 Velvet russet figury. 1502 Priv. Purse Exp. Eliz. 0/ York (1830) 69 A gowne of sattyn fygure. a 1577 Gascoigne Wks. (1587) 302 Cloth of gold or tinsel figurie. Figury (frgori, -iuri), a . 2 [f. Figure^. + -y F] Having plenty of ‘ figure’ or pattern. 1893 Pinies 12 June 13/5 Small plain logs are difficult to sell, but large and figury logs are scarce and wanted. Fi g-wort. [See Fig sb . 1 3 a.] The name of certain plants reputed to cure the 1 fig \ a. The pilewort (Ranunculus Ficaria). b. The genus Scrophularia, esp. S. aquatica and S. nodosa. a. 1548 Turner Names of Herbs (E. D. S.) 42 The second kynde called in latine Chelidonium jjiinus is called in eng- lishe Fygwurt. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. xx. 31 The lesser [celandyne] is called, .in English Pyleworte or Figworte. b. 1597 Gerarde He?‘bal 11. ccxxxiv. 579 There is another Figwoort called Scrophularia Iudica. 1668 Wilkins Real Char. 11. iv. § 5.105 Figwort, an Herb [Scrophularia\. 1758 Mrs. Delany Life $ Corr. III. 507 Matfellon and figwort flourish here remarkably. 1865 Gosse Land Sea (1874) 7 The figwort with its brown bead-like blossoms. 1 - Pike, sb} Obs. Forms : i fie, 3, 5 fike(s, 5 fyke. [OE. fic, ad. L. Jtc-ns.~\ a. A fig; also at/rib., as fike-tree. b. A fig-tree. C975 Ruslizo. Gosp. Matt. xxi. 19 And forwisnade sonse se fic. — John i. 48 MiSSy $u were under #aem fictree ic Sisaeh. a 1300 Cursor M. 804 (Gott.) pai clad paim .. wid leuis of a like tre. 14.. Nom. in Wr.-Wiilcker 713 Hec ficus, a fyke or a likes. Fike (foik), sb . 2 Sc. Also 7-9 fyke. [f. Fike v. } ] + 1 . Something that causes one to fidget; esp. the itch. Also, thefikes = the fidgets. Obs. In first quot. possibly a different word; ? the piles. Cf. Ficus. a 1605 Montgomerie Flyting 313 The frencie, the fluxes, the fyke and the felt. 1736 Ramsay Sc. Prov. (1750) xliii. 87 Ye have gotten the fikes in your arse or a waft clew. a 1758 Ramsay Address of Thanks xxii, A Briton .. as his fancy takes the fykes, May preach or print his notions. 17.. Lady Dalrymple in Lives of Lindsays (1849) II. 322 Your mother’s cold was another of my fykes, b. A restless movement. 1790 Macaulay To Cheerfulness Poems 129 No ane gies e’er a fidge or fyke Or yet a moan. 2 . Anxiety about what is trifling, fuss, trouble. 1719 Hamilton 2 nd Epist. to Ramsay i, O sic a fike and sic a fistle I had about it! 1790 Burns Tam o' Shanter 193 As bees bizz out wi’ angry fyke. 1808 E. Hamilton Cottagers of Glenbumie 169, I dinna fash wi’ sae mony fykes. 1827 Scott Surg. Dan. ii, Have I been taking a’ this fyke about a Jew. 3 . Dalliance, flirtation. 1808-80 Jamieson, ‘He held a great fike wi’ her/ 1810 J. Cock Simple Strains 144 (Jam.) They had a fyk thegither. Fike (feik), v} Chiefly Sc. and north . dial. Forms: 4, 5, 7-9 fyke, (6 fyk), 3, 7- fike. [?a. ON. fikja (rare in Icel.) = MSw. flkja to move briskly, be restless or eager. Cf. ON .fikenn eager. See Fig v?>, Fitch v., Fidge v.~\ 1 . intr. To move restlessly, bustle, fidget; fig. to be fussy or restless, vex oneself. Also, to flinch, shrink. To fike andfling : to caper about; also fig. c 1220 Bestiary 656 FikeS and fondeS al his mi3t ne mai he it forSen no wi3t. c 1325 Coer de L. 4749 The Sarazynes fledde, away gunne fyke. C1340 Gaw. Gr. Knt. 2274 Nawper fyked I, ne fla^e, freke, quen pou myntest. c 1440 Provip. Parv. 160/1 Fykin a-bowte. 1595 Burel Pilgr. in Watson Collect. 11. 26 The Bee.. From hole to hole did fyke. 1697 W. Cleland Poems 105 We forsooth must fyke and fling, And make our Pulpits sound and ring With bulkie words, against the Test. 1786 Burns On a Sc. Bard 21 Wha can do nought but fyke an’ fumble. 1801 Macneill Poems (1844) 88 Nae langer grane nor fyke, nor daidle, But brandish ye the lang-shanked ladle. 1818 Scott Hrt. Midi, x, To fyke and fling at piper’s wind and fiddler’s squealing. 1825 Brockett N.-C. Words , Fike, to fidget, to be restless. 1883 Mrs. Oliphant Wizards Sou vii, Old Blair- allan comes fyking. b. To dally, flirt. 1804 Tarras Poems 58 No to fike wi’ yon wild hizzie Janet’s dochter i’ the glen. 2 . trans. To vex, trouble. To fike ones noddle: to trouble one’s head. Also, to shrug (the shoulders). 1572 in Saiir. Poems Reform, xxxi. 124 Blind Jamie tauld me ells That quyetly yai news did fyk yame. 1808-80 Jamieson, ‘This will fike him/ 1809 Christmas Bating in J. Skinner Misc. Poetry 123 Some baith thair shou’ders up did fyke. 1837 R. Nicoll Poems ( 1843) 263 It snoozes on thro’ rain and snaw, Nor fykes its noddle. d Fike, v 2 Obs. [? repr. OE. *fician (? file -); cf. OE. befician (? befician) to deceive, gefic deceit; prob. cognate with Faken.] intr. To flatter, fawn, act or speak deceitfully. a 1225 St. Marker. (1862) 13 Thu fikest quoth ha ful thing. a 1225 Ancr. R. 206 pe scorpiun .. fike '5 mid te heaued & stingeS mid te teile. c 1250 Me id. Maregrete xiii, Meidan Maregrete nulle we nout mitte fike. C1325 Advice to Women in Wright Spec. Lyr. Poetry 46 Wymmon, war the with the swyke, That feir ant freoly ys to fyke. Lienee Fikin g ppl. a ., fawning. a 1225 Ancr. R. 256 Leouere me beo$ hire wunden pen uikiinde cosses. Fikel(e, obs. form of Fickle. + Frkenung. Obs. rare—', [f. *fikcn(en) vb., extension of Fike 21. 2 ] Deceit. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 103 Idel3elp .. penne mon .. mid fike- nunge fear <5 and deS for gelpe mare penne for godes luue. Fikery (forkori). Sc. [f. Fikezl + -ery.] Fidget¬ iness, fussiness; fuss. 1823 Galt Etitail I. 306, ‘ I canna understand, .what for a’ this fykerie’s about a lump o’ yird/ 1823 Petticoat Tales I. 330 ‘ I couldna be fashed wi’ sic fikery/ 1850 Carlyle in Froude Life hi London xviii. (1884) II. 51 His fussiness and fikery has brought angry growlings. Fikie, fiky (fai'ki), a. Sc. [f. Fike sb. + -y. 1 ] Fidgety, restless. Also, That costs much trouble, minutely elaborate. 1768 Ross Helcnore 1. 28 Your fiky dress. 1823 Galt Ringan Gilhaize I. xiv. 154 My Lord there is hyte and fykie. 1825 Brockett N.-C. Words, Fikey. 1830 Galt Lawrie T. 11. v. (1849) 55 Sooth to say, I was disturbed and fykie. t Filace. Law. Obs. Also 5 filas, 6 fylas, 8 filaze. [a. AF .filaz, n.d.med.L.filacium, either f. Y. filum thread, File sb. 2 , or perh. shortened from late L. chartophylacium (ad. late Gr. x a pT°e, a Man-thief. t Filchingly, adv. Obs. [f. prec. + -ly 2 .] In a filching manner ; stealthily, surreptitiously. *583 Golding Calvin on Dent, clviii. 978 They will not go filchingly to cut downe a patche of medowe. 1598 Florio, Aruba, by stealth, filchingly. a 1693 Urquhart Rabelais iii. xviii. 149 Cull’d by fervent Lovers filchingly. + FiTchman. Obs. [f. Filch (?orjA)-»- •man as in many other slang words ; cf. darkmans, fakeman, etc.] = Filch sb. i. 27 FILDOR. 210 FILE. 1561 Awdelay Frat. Vacab. 4 An Upright Man is one that goeth wyth the trunchion of a staffe, which staffe they cal a Filtchman. 1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 60 A short Truncheon, .which he calls his Filch-man. Fild(e, obs. form of Field. t Fildor. Obs. In 4 fildore, fyldor. [a. Fr. fit d'or thread of gold.] Gold thread. Also attrib. a 1310 in Wright Lyric P. ix. 33 A fyldor [printed fyld or] fax to folde. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. A. 106 As fyldor fyn her b[o]nkes brent. £1340 Gaw. fy Gr. Knt. 189 Folden in wyth fildore aboute J>e fayre grene. File (foil), sb. 1 Forms: 1 fiil, fdol, 3 south. vile, (5 vyle), 4-7 fyle, 4- file. [OE.fcol (Anglian fill) = MDu., MLG. vile (Du. vijl, LG .file), OHG. fila, figila , fihala (MHG. vile, vigel , mod.Ger. feile ) ; ON. with anomalous initial consonant J>cl (mod.Icel. MSw .fdl, MDa .fel; the mod. Sw. and Da./f/ are prob. adoptions from LG. or HG.). The Oleut. *fihla is commonly referred. to the Aryan pink , nasalized form of the root peik, to which the primary sense ‘ to scratch, mark' is assigned; cf. OS 1 . pisati to write, L. pingSre to point. The OS 1 . (also Russian, Bo¬ hemian, etc.) pila file, saw, Lith. pela, pelyczid file, have a remarkable similarity of sound to the Teut. word, but etymological affinity cannot be affirmed.] 1 . A metal (usually steel) instrument, having one or more of its surfaces covered with numerous small raised cutting edges or teeth, for abrading, reducing, or smoothing surfaces. To bite, gnaw a file*. Jig. to make an attempt that can result only in vexatious failure (in allusion to the fable) ; similarly to lick a file (see quot. 1647). a 800 Corpus Gloss. (Sweet) 1234 Lima , fiil. c 1000 Riddles lxx. 4 (Gr.) Ic. .eom. .laf fyres and feole. 1382 Wyclif Isa. xliv. 12 The yren smyth with the file wro3te. 1432 E. E. Wills (1882) 91 A vyle, and a forser with loke and kye. 1484 Caxton Fables of AEsop in. xii, She [the serpent] fond a fyle whiche she beganne to gnawe with her teethe. 1549 Compl. Scot. iii. 28 Ane file is ane instrument to file doune yrn. 1647 H. More Song of Soul 1. 11. cxii, Like the mis¬ taken Cat that lick’d the file. 1649 J. H. Motion to Pari. A dv. Learn. 26 As soone as they have done licking of this file. 1697 Evelyn Numism. vi. 214 The File .. which they use for the smoothing of the edges. ^ 1786 Beattie Minstr. 11. xiv, So gnaw’d the viper the corroding file. 1824 Tredgold Ess. Cast Iron 90 These bars yielded freely to the file. 1880 W. Cory Mod. Eng. Hist. 1.105 He bit at the file of English obstinacy, and broke his teeth. b. fig. esp. with reference to the polish imparted by a file. (Cf. the use of L. lima.) a 1225 Ancr. R. 284 He is Jn uile J>et misseiS J?e ofter misde ‘5 \>e. 1621B. Jonson Gipsies Metamorph. Wks. (Rtldg.) 628/1 From a tongue without a file Heaps of phrases and no style. <21639 Wotton in Reliq. Wotton. (1685) 341 If it shall pass the file of your Judgment. 1749 Akenside Odes 11. i, The nice touches of the critic’s file. J* 2. —file-shell. Obsr ~ 1 1705 J. Petiver in Phil. Tratis. XXV. 1955 The fine blush Jamaica File. 3 . slang. An artful, cunning, or shrewd person. Also, a man, 1 fellow ’, ( cove \ [Cf. Fr. slang lime sourde , lit. ‘ a s’lent file *, in similar sense.] 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Diet., File , a person who has had a long course of experience in the arts of fraud, .is termed an old fie upon the town ;. .a man who is extremely cun¬ ning..is a deep file. 1819 Metropolis I. 61 You’re an old file. I know you well; you’re as deep as Garrick. 1838 Dickens O. Twist ( 1850) 233 The Dodger, .desired the jailer to communicate ‘ the names of them two files as was on the bench'. 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair lv, All the old files of the Ring were in it. 1857 Hughes Tom Brown 1. iv. (1871) 84 Old Blow-hard was a dry old file. 1877 Holdemess Gloss., 4 A deep awd file.’ 4 . attrib. and Comb .: a. simple attributive, as file-chisel\ -cut, -dust, -handle, -smith, -stroke,-trade. b. objective, as file-cleaner, -cutter, -grinder, -maker ; file-cutting, -finishing, -grinding, -nib¬ bling, -tempering vbl. sbs. 1874 Knight Did. Meek., * File-chisel. Ibid., * File-cleaner. 1888 Hasluck Mech. Workshop Handybk. 86 This method of crossing the *file cuts, .is recommended. 1677-83 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 58 * File-cutters also use it to make their Chissels. 1890 Pall Mall G. 2 Sept. 4/2 The knife-grinders and file-cutters in Sheffield. 1819 Rees Cycl. s.v. File , The most likely machine for - file-cutting. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 519 The *file-dust which commeth of lead. 1876 Voyle Milit. Diet. fed. 3) s.v. File, Little shavings or shreds, .called file dust. 1883 Daily Nezvs 25 June 2/8 The "^file-grinders still stand out. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech., * File-grinding Machine , a machine for surfacing forged or rolled file- blanks to bring them to form previous to cutting. 1888 Lockwood's Diet. Terms Mech. Eng., *File Handle. 1842 Bk. Trades 230 Some *File-makers are in the habit of using the coal of burnt leather. 1869 Times 1 Jan. 4 Mighty little will be done by such "^file-nibbling or tinkering over law of entail. 1865 Pall Mall G. 19 Oct. 4 A meeting of the *File- smiths' Union. 1677 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 15 The Smooth file is to take out those cuts, or *file-stroaks, that the fine file made. 1888 Hasluck Mechanic's Workshop Handybk. 84 Without stopping the file-strokes. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech., * File-tempering. 1887 Daily News 20 June 2/6 In the *file trade there is apparently a slight change. 5 . Special comb., as file-blank, a piece of soft steel, shaped and ground ready for cutting, to form a file ; also attrib .; file-card, a card used for cleaning files; file-carrier (see quot.) ; + file-fast adv., ? securely ; file-shell, a species of Pholas , so called from the roughness of its shell; file- stripper (see quot.). Also File-fish. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech., * File-blank. 1892 Simmonds Diet. Trade Suppl., File-blank Forger, a workman who prepares the crude material for the file-cutter. 1884 Knight Diet. Mech. IV, *File Card. 1888 Hasluck Mec/t. Work¬ shop Handybk. 86 These file cards are used in the same way as the scratch brushes. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech., * File-carrier, a tool-holder like the stock of a frame-saw. a 1225 Ancr. R. 244 pe ueond. .wearS ibunden *uileueste mid te holie monnes beoden. 1752 Sir J. Hill Hist. Anim. 177 The West Indian *File-shell. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech., * File-stripper, a machine in which a worn-out file after being softened by heat, and slow cooling, is smoothed to prepare it for being re-cut. File (foil), sb.% Also 6-7 fyle. [Properly two different words, ultimately of identical etymology : (1) a. Fr. fil — Pr. fit. It. filo, Sp. hilo L. ftlum thread; (2) a. Yx.file — Yx., and It. fila , Sp. hila Com. Romanic *fila, fern. sing.; according to some scholars a vbl. sb. f. filare, to spin, draw out threads, f. h.Jilum.'] I. Senses chiefly repr. F .fil. J* 1 . A thread, a. fig. The thread of life. b. tra 7 isf. Of the nerves ; A nerve-cord. Obs. 1606 N. Baxter Sidney's Ourania Nij b, The fatall Sisters would not cut her file. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts (1658) 223 A dubble file or threed to the top of the tail. + 2 . The thread, course, or tenor (of a story, argument, etc.). Obs. 1560-1 Schort Somme 1st Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot. § 14 Following the file and dependance of the text. 1596 Spenser F. Q. vii. vi. 37 Ill fitting for this file To sing of hills and woods 'mongst wars and knights. 1612 Shelton Quix. in. x. I. 209 You must promise me that you will not interrupt the File of my doleful Narration, a 1639 Wotton in Reliq. Wotton. (1685) 223 Let me resume the File of my Relation. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. 1. xlv. (1739) 73 If the file of his purposes be rightly considered. 3 . A string or wire, on which papers and docu¬ ments are strung for preservation and reference. In recent use extended to various other appliances for holding papers so that they can be easily referred to. 1525 in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. viii. 214 Thapothe- caries shall kepe the billis that they serue, vpon a fyle. 1649 Lane. Tracts (Chetham Soc.) 233 Their examinations remaining still upon fyle in Manchester. 1666 Pepys Diary Dec., Burning all the unnecessary letters which I have ad upon my file for four or five years backward. 1732 Acc. Workhouses 175 Keep the tradesmen’s notes upon a file. 1768 Foote Devil on 2 Sticks 11. Wks. 1799 II. 259 There are some of their names, I am sure, that I never desire to see on my file. 1866 W. Collins A rmadale II. iv. iii. 277 Some place in the City where all the papers are kept, as he calls it, in file. 1882 Black Shandon Bells vi. A printed slip which the latter pulled off a file. fig. 1581 J. Bell Haddon’s Answ. Osor. 275 We hang uppe this accusation also upon the file of your other slaun- derous lyes. 1659 J* Arrowsmith Chain Princ. 200 This commination standeth upon the file in holy Scripture. b. esp. one in a court of law to hold proceed¬ ings or documents in a cause, etc.; the list of documents, etc., in a cause. In the Court of Chancery the pleadings themselves were filed; in the Common Law Courts the pleadings and judge¬ ments were enrolled, and only affidavits and collateral documents were filed. 1607 in Cowel Interpr. 1631 Star Chamb. Cases (Camden) 42 The sentence of the court was. .that the bill should be taken off the fyle, that [etc.]. 1718 Prior Solomon 11. 722 Causes unjudg'd disgrace the loaded file. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) V. 285 They will not, however, order the fine to be taken off the file. 1833 Mylne & Keen Reports II. 247 This was the only bill upon the file relative to the testator’s estate. 1885 Law Tunes ’ Rep. LII. 681/2 A motion was made to take the affidavits off the file. + C. A catalogue, list, roll. Obs. 1566 Partridge Hist. Plasidas D iij, Thus ended they their mortall race, their file was at an ende. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, 1. iii. 10 Our present Musters grow vpon the File To fiue and twenty thousand men of choice. 1620 Dekker Dreame 10 With Pens of Steele, Eternall Files to keepe Of euery Nation, since the Earth began. 1697 Dryden Disc. Epic Poetry Prose Wks. 1800 III. 441 The file of heroick poets is very short. 1702 C. Mather Magn. CJir. iii. iii. (1852) I. 544 It would not be improper under this file to lodge the singular and surprising successes of his prayers. 1795 Burke Regie. Peace iv. Wks. IX. 335 Catalogued files of murders. 4 . A collection of papers placed on a file, or merely arranged in order of date or subject for ready reference. <11626 Bacon Adv. Villiers Wks. 1740 III. 566 After you have ranked them into several files, according to the subject matter. 1699 Garth Dispens. 32 Then from the Compter he takes down the File And with Prescriptions lights the solemn Pile. 1806 Naval Chron. XV. 113 Files of newspapers. 1806 Wilberforce in G. Rose Diaries (i860) II. 212 Having just this moment got a file of letters. 1847 Ld. Houghton in Life (1891) I. ix. 401 You can get at..the newsroom a file of the Times. 1851 D. Jerrold^/. Giles xii. 121 A man who has a file of receipts to show for everything, i860 Mrs. Gaskell C. Bronte 301 She sent to Leeds for a file of the ‘Mercuries’ of 1812, ’13 and '14. 5 . Her. = Label (but sometimes distinguished; cf. quot. 1727). [So in Fr.] 1562 Leigh Armorie (1597) 107 He beareth Argent a fyle with iij Lambeaux Azure, for a difference. Some will call them a Labell of three pointes. c 1640 J. Smyth Lives Berkeleys (1883) I. 120 The Cheveron .. distinguished by a file with five labels to shew that he was a fifth brother. 1710 Hearne Collect. 5 May, A Shield with a Cross Saltire and a File of 3 Points. 1727 Bradley Fam. Diet. s.v. File, Some distinguish File and Label, calling the File the upper horizontal Line, and the Label the Point that issues from it. 1889 Elvin Diet. Herald., File or Label. 6 . A disease, ? from its producing an appearance of lines or threads: fa. in trees = Yx. fil {obs.) ; b. in cattle, dial. 1600 Surflet Countrie Farme iii. xlvii. 520 The file is a disease in trees that fretteth their barkes. 1688 in R. Holme Armoury 11. 86/1. 1892 Northumberland Gloss. s.v. File, * File in the foot ’ is a disease peculiar to cattle and sheep. II. Senses repr. Yx.file. 7 . Mil. The number of men constituting the depth from front to rear of a formation in line, etc. hi file : one behind the other. For Indian , Single file see those adjs. Rank and file : see Rank. The front of a file is one man (the file-lcader\ the depth may be any number; but in the modern English formation of infantry it is only two, consisting of the front and the rear rank men. 1598 Barret Theor. Warres hi. i. 37 By file, I vnderstand all the line .. of all the souldiers standing consequently one after another, from front to the traine. 1625 Markham Souldier's Accid. 6 A File .. ought neuer to be aboue ten persons deepe. 1633 T. Stafford Pac. Hib. ii. (1821) 524 It was impossible for men to march but in file. 1667 Milton P. L. vi. 339 His Chariot, .stood retir'd From off the files of warr. 1734 tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. V. 9 Each squadron had .. 8 in depth, for that was the usual depth of the files. 1790 Burns Sheriffmuir 15 Great Argyle led on his files. 1796-7 Instr. <$• Reg. Cavalry (1813) 34 The others, .will first cover in file with precision. 1810 Wellington in Gurw .Desp. VI. 208 The 16 th are very strong; when I saw them the other day they were 59 file a squadron. 1816 Byron Siege Cor. xxiii, Even as they fell, in files they lay. 1838 Prescott Ferd. <5- Is. (1846) I. x. 406 Riding along their broken files. 1864 Skeat Ubland's Poems 243 The brave Fernando, Searching through the files of war. transf. and fig. a 1613 Overbury A Wife (1638) 109 Hunger and cold ranke in the same file with him. 1649 Bp. Hall Cases Consc. (1650) 15 That we be not in the first file of enhancers. 1650 R. Stapylton Strada's L07U C. Warres 11. 44 He was by the Emperour valued in the first file of Nobility, c 1665 Mrs. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1846) 31 In all his actions it [valour] ever marched in the same file with wisdom. 1700 Black more Song of Moses, The foaming files o'ertook them in the chase. 1713 Young Last Day 11. 142 The radiant files of angels. 1842 Tennyson Lockslcy Hall 178, I the heir of all the ages, in the fore¬ most files of time. b. Phrases : f To accept the files , to open one’s own ranks for a charging enemy to enter. To double the files: to put two files in one and so make the ranks smaller ; also fig. To close their files, see Close v. 10 b. To take the right-hand file , to take precedence. 1616 Bingham AElian's Tactics xxix. 137 notes, Double your files to the right or left hand. 1629 Massinger Picture iii. v, There are Many, .who may take, .the right-hand file of you. 1642 Fuller Holy Prof. Si. 1. i. 3 In her hus¬ bands absence she is wife and deputy-husband, which makes her double the files of her diligence. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey) s.v. File, To Double the Files. 1868 Kinglake Crimea IV. v. 163 It used to be said of the foreigners that they ‘accepted the files’. c. A small body of men, formerly varying in number from two to twelve or more, but now usually two. Also, when ‘marching in files* (see file¬ marching in 11), the two soldiers walking abreast. 1616 Bingham AElian's Tactics xxix. 136 notes , When 16 men (that is a file) are so extended, that they possesse as much length as 32 should doe (that is, as 2 files). 1624 Capt. Smith Virginia vi. 239 They met with a file of Saluages that let fly their Arrowes. 1647 Sprigge Anglia Rediv. 11. iv. (1854) 105 Twelve files of men with firearms and pikes. 1702 Steele Funeral v. 70 A file of Men, Bumpkin, is six Men. 1769 Junius Lett. xxxi. 142 The gene¬ ral was escorted by a file of musqueteers. 1832 Regul. Instr. Cavalry iii. 45 A File, two Soldiers placed one behind the other when formed in ranks, but abreast when marching in file. 1836 Marryat Mulsh. Easyv iii, I shall send a sergeant and a file of marines to fetch you. 1844 Regul. <$• Ord'. Army 262 A Non-commissioned Officer, with a file of men. 8 . A row of persons, animals, or things placed one behind the other. The common file — i the common herd ’ (obs. or arch.) In file: one after another, in succession. 1693 Shaks. Meas.forM. iii. ii. 144 The greater file of the subiect held the Duke to be wise. 1607 — Cor. 1. vi. 43 The common file .. did budge From Rascals worse then they. 1656 tr. Hobbes ’ Elem. Philos. 364 This Hoarse Sound .. seemeth to be nothing but the dividing of the air into innu¬ merable and very small Files.. 1712-4 Pope Rape Lock 1. 137 Here files of pins extend their shining rows, a 1734 N orth Lives III. 134 He furnished, .one state-apartment of divers rooms in file. 1740 Somerville Hobbinol iii. 230 Before him march in Files The rural Minstralsy. 1794 Wordsw. Guilt <$• Sorrow iv, Long files of corn-stacks. 1826 Disraeli Viv. Grey iii. viii, I push my way into court through files of attorneys. Ibid. vi. i, A double file of wine-glasses and goblets. 1834 H. Miller Scefics <$• Leg. xviii. (1857) 2 ^4 An endless file of bare gloomy cliffs. 1838 Prescott Ferd. Is. (1846) I. xi. 432 Whose military prowess had raised him from the common file. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. ii. (1879) 35 When the ants came to the road they changed their course, and in narrow files reascended the wall. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. xvi. 192 The men were standing in silent file on each side of it. 1867 Lady Herbert Cradle L. iv. 121 A file of camels. 9 . Chess. One of the eight lines of squares ex¬ tending across the board from player to player. An open file : one on which no piece or pawn of either colour is standing. To seize the open file : to place a rook or the queen on the first square. 1614 Saul Chesse-play i. 3 Imagine that the blacke King for his first draught playeth his owne Pawne into the third FILE. 211 FILE. house in his owne file. 1680 Cotton Compl. Gamester iv. (ed. 2) 39 The Rook goes backward and forward in any file. i860 Pardon Hancibk . Chess 15 The horizontal rows of squares are termed ranks and the vertical squares files. 10 . The run or track of a hare; also, To run her file (see quot. 1838). 1815 Sporting Mag. XLV. 109 It is strictly necessary to look into the hares’ files for vires. 1838 Holloway Pro - vincialisms , When sportsmen say the hare runs her File, that is runs round the same track continually to foil or de¬ ceive the dogs. 11 . attrib. and Comb., as file-closer,-leader (+ -lead), -mark. Also, file-fire, -firing, firing by files, now called independent firing (opposed to volley-firing); file-marching, marching in files, by turning from a formation in line to the right or left, so that the line becomes a series of files facing to the right or left flank; + file-wort, Gerarde’s rendering of botanical 'L.ftldgo, the name of a genus of plants. 1888 Harper's Mag. Apr. 788/1 The .. officers hidden as *file-closers behind their companies. 1857 New Boy atStyles's in Hot{seh. Words 9 May 436 The usual *file-fire of glances was exchanged. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. III. vi. iii. 324 His Jurymen are charged to nuike feu de file, *file.firing till the ground be clear. 1847 Infantry Man. (1854) 40 Inde¬ pendent or file firing may commence. 1775 Ash, * File-lead .. the foremost man in the file. 1616 Bingham VElian's Tactics v. 42 Hee that leadeth the file, who is also called the *file-leader. 1796-7 Instr. <$• Reg. Cavalry (1813) 18 The file leaders preserve such distances as they ought from which ever hand they are to dress to. 1809 W. Irving Knickerb. (1861) 135 Most people require a. .file-leader. 1847 Infantry Man. (1854) 49 *File marching may be adopted. 1597 Ge- rarde Herbcil App., *Filewort is Filago minor. + Pile, sb .3 Obs. [a. OY.file (Fr .fille) girl:— 'L.ftlia daughter.] A girl, woman ; also in a bad sense, a concubine, a whore. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 4540 To rage wyf? ylka fyle [gl. maydgerle]. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. vn. 135 Dame purnele a prestes file, prioresse worth hue neuere. + File, sbfi Obs. [perh. a variant form of Vile used absol .] A worthless person (male or female); a rascal. a 1300 Cursor M. 715 (Cott.) Sorful bicoin hat fals file. £1300 Havelok 2499 Men mithe thethen a mile Here him rore, that fule file. £1330 R. Brunne CJiron. (1810) 95 pat did Roberd trauaile for nouht, he was a file, c 1450 Douce MS. 559 (Bodleian) Quest. 240 My brotheres wyfe may be a fyle. + Pile (foil), sb .5 slang. Obs. Also 7 foyl, 8 foile. [First appears in the longer form foyl-cloy (later file-cloy); possibly this is not a comb, of file sb., but the original from which the latter is shortened; but the etymology is unknown. Cf. to file a cly (File vfi).~\ A pick-pocket. Also, file-cloy, -lifter. 1673 R* Head Canting Acad. 191 The sixth is a Foyl-cloy. 1676 Warning for Housekprs. Title-p., Budg and Snudg, File-lifter, Tongue-padder, the private Theif. 1695 Kennett Par. A ntiq. Gloss, s. v. Putt a, A file, or pick-pocket whore. 1708 Motteux Rabelais (1737) V. 218 Pickpockets, Divers, Buttocking-Foiles. 1721 Bailey, Bulk and File, is when one jostles you while another picks your pocket. 1725 New Cant. Diet., Filc-Cloy , a Pickpocket, Thief or Rogue. 1743 Fielding Jon. Wild iv. xiii, A Pick-pocket, or, in truer Language, a File. f File, sbfi Obs. Apparently = Fylde, proper name of a district in Lancashire. 1775 Sir E. Barry Observ. Wines 416 The .. files of Lan¬ cashire. File (fail), sb .1 U.S. local, [app. a. Du. feil , given in Bomhoff s Diet, as variant or synonym of dwell floor-cloth, corresp. to ON. pvegill towel OTeut. *pvagilo-z f. *}>wahan (OE. pwtfan) to wash.] A cloth used for wiping a floor or a table after scrubbing, a house-flannel. 1851 Eliz. Warner Wide W. World II. xxii. (1852) 368 ‘ A file !’ said Ellen .. ‘ O I remember now .. I didn’t know what you meant. Margery calls it a dish-cloth, or a floor¬ cloth, or something else', i860 in Bartlett Diet . Amer. 1889 in Farmer Americanisms. File (fail), v . 1 Forms : 3 south, vile, 4-7 fyle, (3 fylin), 6 fill, 5- file. [f. File sb . 1 ; cf. OHG. filon (MHG. vilen, mod.G .feileii), Du. vijlcnl] 1 . trans. To rub smooth, reduce the surface of, with a file. To file {one's) teeth : (fig.) to render harmless. To file in (or f a) two : to cut in two by filing. In the contextual use ‘to sharpen’ (weapons) sometimes associated with Affile. • a 1225 Ancr. R. 284 And nis J?et iren acursed |?et iwurSeS he swarture & \>e ruhure so hit is ofture & more iviled? c 1340 Gaw. 4 * Gr. Knt. 2225 A denez ax .. Fyled in a fylor. c 1420 Chron. Vilod. 354 And a file to file |?is nayle a two. I 54 2_ 3 Act 34-5 Hen. VIII, c. 6 Pinnes .. shal.. haue .. the point well and rounde, filled, canted and sharped. 1553 Eden Ti'eat. Newe IjuI. (Arb.) 16 He fyleth and whetteth his home on a stone. 1599 Broughton's Lett. i. 6 It is .. time enough to file your teeth, or muzzle you. 1696 Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) IV. 65 Some persons are committed for fyling the edges of new shillings. 1787 Holcroft tr. Life Baron Trenck (1886) II. 33, I filed the iron which passed through it on the outside. 1876 Voyle Milit. Diet. (ed. 3) s. v. File, Leaving the surface that has been filed more or less smooth. absol. 1680 Cotton Compl. Gamester i. (ed. 2) 10 Others have made them [false dice] by filing and rounding. 1888 Hasluck Meek. Workshop Handy bk. 85 Take an old file and file away steadily. b. fig. To remove the roughness of; to smooth, polish, elaborate to perfection. Also, to wear down; to bring into (a certain condition) as if by filing. C1400 Rom. Rose 3812 His tunge was fyled sharpe & square. 1551 Recorde Pathiv. Knowl. title-p., All fresshe fine wittes by me are filed. 1568 T. Howell Arb. Amitie (1879) 101 Nor he that files his smoothed speeche. c 1600 Shaks. Sonn. lxxxv, Precious phrase by all the Muses fil’d. 1700 Dryden Fables Pref. Wks. (Globe) 494 Dante had begun to file their language, at least in verse. 1757 Wesley Wks.( 1872) IX. 192 The Treatise, .which he has had leisure for many years to revise, file, correct, and strengthen against all objections. 1820 Scott h’anhoe ii, And file your tongue to a little more courtesy. 1837 Dickens Pickw. xlii, His bones [were] sharp and thin .. the iron teeth of confinement and privation had been slowly filing them down for twenty years. 1889 Temple Bar Mag. Nov. 406 Lads who would be filed into business shape. 2 . To remove (roughnesses, part of a surface, etc.) by filing. Now only with away, off. Also fig. a 1225 Ancr. R. 184 He is \>i uile & uileS awei al J?i rust. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xxvii. (1611) 241 They that would file away most from the largenesse of that offer, a 1618 Raleigh Advice of Son (1651)7 Death hath already filed from you the better part of your natural forces. 1625 Fletcher Noble Gent. 1. i, That.. Files off all rudeness and uncivil ’haviour. 1670 Clarendon Ess. Tracts (1727) 216 He will never file away the stain. 1707 Norris Treat. Humility iii. 154 It [Humility], .files off the roughnesses of our passions. 1833 J. Holland Manuf. ftTetal II. 291 They adjusted the balance by filing away some of the thickness of the longest part of the beam. 1850 H. Rogers Ess. II. iv. 204 What was required was to file away asperities [in language]. 1859 Tennyson Vivien 621 So grated down and filed away with thought. File (fail), ®. 2 Forms: 2-3 fulen, 3 filen(n, 3-6 fele, 4-8 fyle, (6 fyll, 7 feel), 3- file. [OE. *fylan (in combs, a-, be-, gefylan) = MDu. vuilen, OHG. fftlen OTeut. *fiiljan, f. ffdlo- Foul a. In early southern ME. the spelling fule-n represents both this vb. (the u being sounded ii) and the originally intran¬ sitive vb. Foul:— OE .fitlian.] 1 . trans. To render (materially) foul, filthy or dirty; to pollute, dirty ; to destroy the cleanness or purity of; = Defile v . 1 2. Obs. exc. dial. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 136 No festiual frok but fyled with werkkez. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 2348 A thyng es fouler j?at may file pan j?e thyng pat it fyles. c 1475 Rauf Coil^ear 446 Oft fylit my feit in mony foull fen. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vi. cxcvii. 202 He felyd the holy lyker with the fruyte of his wombe. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 41 If any shepe .. be fyled with dounge about the tayle. 1611 G. Wilkins Miseries Inforced Marr. v. in Old Plays (1825) V. 86 As not to file my hands in villain’s blood. 1721 Kelly Sc. Prov. 384 You need not file the House for want of Legs to carry you to the Midding. 1753 Stewart's Trial App. 84 A piece which is laid by foul, will, .file one's finger. 1792 Burns Willie's Wife iv, Her face wad fyle the Logan Water. 1825 Southey Tale Paraguay iii. 44 No art of barbarous ornament had . .’filed her face. 1888 El- worthy W. Somerset Word-bk ., File , to defile. fig. 1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. 11. Wks. 1878 II. 64 A word that I abhorre to file my lips with. 1606 Bryskett Civ. Life 78 He will not vouchsafe himselfe to file his hands vpon so base, .a person, b. Proverbs. a 1250 OwlSf Night. 100 Dahet habbe that ilke beste, That fuleth his owe nest. 1568 Jacob 4- Esau 11. iii. in Hazl. Dodsley II. 216 Claw a churl by the tail and he will file your hand. 1823 Galt Entail II. xx. 190 It’s a foul bird that files its ain nest. + c. intr. for reft. To become soiled. Obs. 1565 Calfhill Answ. Treat. Cross (1846) 132 His garments never filed ; nor his shoes, .waxed old. + d. absol. Also intr. , to void excrement. Obs. 1560 Becon New Catech. Wks. (1844) 62 If doves, or any other fowls or beasts file upon their [i. e. the images] heads, they perceive it not. 1611 G. Wilkins Miseries Inforced Marr. iii. in Old Plays (1825) V. 40 Oaths are. .like smoak from a chimney that files all the way it goes. + 2 . trans. To taint with disease, infect. Obs. 1456 Sc. Acts James //(1814) § 6 And not lat pame pas away fra pe place, .to fyle pe cuntre about thame. 3 . To render morally foul or polluted; to de¬ stroy the ideal purity of; to corrupt, taint, sully; = Defile v . 1 3. Obs. exc. arch. [CI175 Cott. Horn. 205 Ich habbe.. mid fiesches fulSe ifuled me.] c 1200 Ormin 1959 patt nan ne shollde filedd ben Wipp haepenndom purrh macche. c 1290 Eng. Leg. I. 287/314 Alle po .. pat his ordre fuylden ou3t with .. worldes feo. a 1340 Hampole Psalter Prol., To confourme men pat are filyd in adam til crist in newnes of lyf. 1434 Misyn Mending of Life 129 No man filys hym-self with wardly bisynes after pat he truly has ioyd in lufe euerlastyng. 1513 Douglas Hlneis iv. Prol. 104 Is that trew luif, guid faith and fame to fyle? 1605 Shaks. Macb. iii. i. 65 For Banquo's Issue haue I fil’d my Minde. 1816 Byron Ch. Har. iii. cxiii, Had I not filed my mind, which thus itself subdued, i860 Trollope Framley P. xxxiii 539 Why had he thus filed his mind? + 4 . To violate the chastity of, to deflower; to debauch. Obs. — Defile v . 1 4. la 1400 Morte Arth. 978 He has forsede hir and fylede. C1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 75 For me was she never fylyd. 15 .. Peebles to Play xviii, ‘Ye fyl’d me; fy, for shame !’ quoth she. + 5 . To sully the honour of, dishonour. Obs. — Defile v . 1 6 . c 1250 Gen. 4* Ex. 3498 Tac 3 u no^t in idel min name[n] Ne swer it les to fele in gamen. £1400 Destr. Troy 8120 Euery lede will pe lacke and pi lose file, c 1440 Gesta Rom. xvii. 62 (Harl. MS.) He made the new lawe, & fylid not pat othir. c 1470 Harding Chron. ccxvm. v, They the trewce had broken and did fyle. £1500 Doctr. Gd. Scrvaunts 10 A good name that none dooth fyle. 1502 Ord. Crystcn Men (W. de W. 1506) iv. xxi. 251 If he hath broken and fyled the preuyleges of the chyrche. 1594 Jas. VI in Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) IV. 217 That so wise and provident a prince [Elizabeth] .. should be so fyled and contemned by a great number of her own subjects, a 1668 D’Avenant Siege m. (1673) 75 , The bold warrier, that hath deserv’d Fame .. once feel’d [mod. ed. fil’d] his victories Are quite forgot. + 6. To charge with a crime, accuse. Obs. c 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 273 To thare prynces thay can hym fyle. c 1560 Durham Depositions { Surtees) 64 Mr. Ratlyf was in great greif that Doon shuld fyll his man Dixon for certain shepe. 1721 Kelly Sc. Prov. 376 You are busy to clear your self when no Body files you. 1759 Fountainhall Decisions I. 14 They .. were ready to file, by their delation, sundry gentlewomen. + b. To find guilty, condemn. Obs. £133° R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 173 pe courte opon him sat, ]?e quest filed him & schent. 1525 in Pitcairn Crim. Trials Scot. I. *131 Quhil pai had .. fylit pame of pe said slauchtir. 1609 Skene Reg. May. iv. i. § 5 Gif anie man is fyled or condemned of that crime. 1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 387 He was noted as if he had fylled him. Hence f Filed ppl. a. 1483 Cath. Angl. 130/2 Filed, deturpatus. 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. i. 62 She lightly lept out of her filed bedd, And to her weapon ran. 1593 Q* Eliz. Boeth. e canacles . AVer fetysely formed out in fylyoles longe. ?c 1475 Sqr, FILIOLE. FILL lenve Degre 835 Your curtaines of camaca, all in folde, Your felyoles all of Golde. 1501 Douglas Pal. Hon. 111. xvii, Pinnakillis, Fyellis, Turnpekkis .. Gilt birneist torris. 1513 — PEneis xu. Prol. 71 Euery fyall, fane, and stage. 4 Filiole 2 . Obs~ 1 In 6 filliole. [a. OF. (and mod. dial. Fr.) filliole (Fr. filleule') L. fiiliola, dim. of filia daughter.] A god-daughter. 15.. Wyse Chylde Emp. Adrian (W. de W., repr. i860) 14 It were synne to take his cosynne vnto wyfe .. or his filliole, or ony of his lygnage. Filionymic (fidiioni'mik). rare. [f. L. fiili-us son ; after Patronymic.] A name derived from that of a son. 1870 Lubbock Orig. Civiliz. ix. 316 The Rejangs among whom the filionymic is not so common. II Filioque (fili|0"'kwf). [L.] The word ( = ‘ and from the Son ’) inserted in the Western ver¬ sion of the Nicene creed to assert the doctrine of the procession of the Holy Ghost from the Son as well as from the Father, which is not admitted by the Eastern Church. Also altrib., as filioque clause, question. 1876 C. M. Davies Unorth. Lond. 90 With reference to the ‘ Filioque’ clause, ‘One branch of the Church Catholic affirms on this point, whilst the other declines to affirm'. Ibid. 239 The ‘ Filioque’ question. Filip, obs. form of Fillip. II Filipendula (filipe'ndiwla). Obs. exc. as botanical Latin. Also 6 philypendula. [mod. L. fem. of fJlipcndulus hanging by a thread, f. ftlum thread + pendulus hanging, f. pendere to hang. Cf. Fr . filipejidule.~\ The drop-wort {Spii'xa Filipendit Id). ? 1540 tr. Vigo's Lyttel Practyce A iij/2 Rotes of Phily¬ pendula. 1548 Turner Nantes of Herbs, Oenanthe is called boeth of the Herbaries and of al our countrey men Fili¬ pendula. 1655 Moufet & Bennet Health’s Improv. (1746) 364 What Shepherd is ignorant that his Flock feedeth upon Filipendula, Daisies [etc.]? 1706 in Phillips (ed. Kersey). Filipendulous (filipe’nditfbs), a. [f. mod.L. fllipendul-us (see prec.) + -ous.] Hanging or having the appearance of hanging by a thread. 1864 in Webster. 1889 in Wagstaffe May ties Med. Diet. Filizar, -er, obs. ff. of Filacer, -zer. Fill (fil), sbf For forms see the vb. Also 4 folle, south, voile. [OE. fyllo,fyllu fem. = OHG. fulli fem. (MHG. viille , Ger .fiille fem.), ON .fyllr Xfylli) fem. (Da. fylde masc. and fem., S w. fylle neat.), Goth. (ufar)fullei OTeut. *fullin-, n. of state f. *fullo- Full a. But in Eng. the word has, from similarity of sound, always been associated with the vb. Fill. Senses 2-4 strictly belong to a distinct word, f. the vb.] 1 . A full supply of drink or food ; enough to satisfy want or desire. Since OE. only in to drink, eat , have, take , etc. ones fill . Const. of; also in apposition to obj. Beowulf 562 (Gr.) Nass hie #sere fylle gefean haefdon. C893 K. /Elfred Oros. 11. iv. § 8 Drinc nu Sine fylle. c 1175 Lamb . Horn. 53 To eten hire fulle. c 1220 Bestiary 485 Fret hire fille. a 1300 Cursor M. 3536 (Cott.) Lang es sipen I ete my fill. 14.. Sir Bettes (MS. M.) 2473 Of that water he dranke his fyl. 1508 Fisher Wks. (1876)234 He coude not haue his fyll of pesen and oke cornes. 1549-62 Sternhold & H. Ps. civ. 259 Beastes of the mountaynes thereof drinke their fils. 1611 Bible Dent, xxiii. 24 Thou mayest eate grapes thy fill. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. x. 114 Away, my goats, away: for you have browz’d your fill. 1810 Scott Lady of L. 1. i, The stag at eve had drunk his fill. 1817 Shelley Revolt of Islam vii. xix, She sucked her fill even at this breast. transf. and fig. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 51 Hie hadden }>e fulle of wurldes richeise. c 1340 Cursor M. 23547 (Trin.) Vche mon shal haue he folle of al hat he aftir wilne wolle. 1551 Crowley Pleas, 4 Pain 615 Of blysse or of payne they shall haue theyr fyll. 1611 Bible Prov. vii. 18 Let vs take our fill of loue vntill the morning. 1653 Holcroft Procopius 1. 6 Having had their fill of mourning. 1775 Johnson Lett, to Mrs. Thrale (1788) I. cxx. 259 The hay..to-day has its fill of sunshine. 1821 Shelley Adonais vii, He takes his fill Of deep and liquid rest. 1861 Hughes Tom Browti at Oxf. Introd. (1889) 1 He was having his fill of hunting. b. Hence used with intransitive vbs. as an ad¬ verbial phrase : * to (his) heart’s content ’. c 1300 Havelok 954 pe children, .with him leykeden here fille. c 1340 Cursor M. 10475 (Trin ) pere she my3te sorwe hir fille. c 1400 Melayne 213 They had foughten thaire fill. 1543 Udall, etc. Erasnt. Par. Joint xix. 113 That ye may looke your fyl upon hym,. 1642 H. More Song of Soul 1. hi. xliii, They danc’d their fills. 1770 Gray in Corr. N. Nicholls (1843) 107 Talk your fill to me and spare not. 1808 Scott Marm. vi. xv, Let my boy-bishop fret his fill. 1866 Mrs. Gaskell Wives 4 Dan. xi. (1867) Ix 9 She burst into a passion of tears, and cried her fill. 2 . A quantity sufficient to fill a receptacle or empty space ; a filling, charge, lit. and fig. 1555 Ludlcnu Churchw. Acc. (Camden) 62 Paid for a fylle of tymber. .x. d. 1849 Grote Greece 11. lxxiv. (18621 VI. 473 It imparted to her a second fill of strength. 1881 Stevenson Virgin. Pucrisq. 102 If there is a fill of tobacco among the crew, .pass it round. 1884 Eissler Mod. High Explosives 265 The earth and clay for the fill were obtained from Fruit- vale. b. An embankment to fill up a gully or hollow. 188* Lisbon (Dakota) Star 18 July, The fill will be 150 feet long. 1887 M. Roberts Western Avemus 71 They made a ‘fill’ or embankment eighty feet high. 214 3 . The action of filling (csp. a cup or glass), lit. and fig. rare. a 1732 T. Boston in Spurgeon Trcas. Dav. Ps. Ixxxi. p. 10 A fill proposed and offered to empty sinners. ^ a 1810 Tannahill Poems (1846) 68 I’ll treat you wi* a Highland gill, Though it should be my hindmaist fill. 4 . f Of a river: The point at which its stream is filled, the head-waters ; in quot. opposed to fall . Hence Iransf. in proverbial use, Neither fill nor fall : neither head nor tail, not a trace (dial.). 1622 Drayton Poly-olb. xix. (1748) 333 A stream, that from the fill to fall, Wants nothing that a flood should be adorn’d withal. 1887 Kent Gloss, s.v., * My old dog went off last Monday, and I can’t hear neither fill-nor-fall of him.’ f Pill (fil), sb. iJ> Obs. exc. dial. Also 6 phil, 7 fil. [var. of Thill.] 1 . pi. The thills or shafts of a cart. sing. The pair of shafts, ‘ the space between the shafts ’ (J.). 1606 Shaks. Tr. 4 Cr. 111. ii. 48 And you draw backward weele put you i’th fils. 1632 Rowley Woman never V. iii, I will Give you the fore Horse place, and I wilbe in the Fill’s. 1707 Mortimer Husb. 164 This Mule being put in the Fill of a Cart.. ran away. 1755 in Johnson. 2 . Comb., as fill-horse = shaft-horse. 1596 Shaks. Merch. V. 11. ii. 100 Thou hast got more haire on thy chin, then Dobbin my philhorse has on his taile. 1648 Herrick Hesper. (1844) 11.38 Some cross the fill-horse. 1695 Kennett Par. Antiq. Gloss, s. v. Pnllanus, The horse which goes in the rods is commo[n]ly called the fillar, and the fill-horse, a 1825 in Forby Voc. E. Anglia. Fill (fil), v. Pa. t. and pa. pple. filled (fild). Forms: 1 fyllan, 2 fellen, 3-5 full(e(n, fille(n, (3 felen, 4 south, velle), 4-6 fyll(e, 3- fill. [ME. fullen(u) OE. fyllan — OFris. fullia , fella , OS. fullian (Du. vullen ), OHG .fallen (MHG. viillen, Ger. fallen), ON .fylla (Sw. J fylla, Da. fylde), Goth. fulljan OTeut. *fulljan, f. *fullo- Full a.] I. To make full. 1 . To supply with as much as can be held or contained; to put or pour something into (a re¬ ceptacle) till no more can be received. Also, to fillfull. Const, f mid, f of (- OE. genitive ), with. a. in material sense. c 1000 Ags. Ps. lxxx[i]. 10 Ontyn pinne mu# and ic hine teala fylle ! c 1160 Hatton Gosp. Luke xv. 16 Da ^e-wilnede he his wambe fellen of pam bean-coddan pe pa swin aeten. £1205 Lay. 20507 Me feolden heom [scipene] mid folke. c 1250 Gen. 4 Ex. 1225 A fetles wi# water fild. C1320 Cast. Love 731 A welle pat. .fulle)? pe diches a-boute pe wal. 1393 Gower Conf. II. 204 That o kist Of fine golde.. anone he filde full. 1:1440 Capgravf. Life St. Kath. v. 1962 Of laumpes hangynge. .ffilt with J?a.t oyle. 1599 Marston Sco. Villanie 11. vii. 205 That they their paunch may fill with Irus blood. 1645 Rutherford Tryal 4 Tri. Faith (1845) 11 Jesus Christ..was full of grace a vessel filled to the lip. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, in. 283 Who fill’d the Pail with Beestings of the Cow. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 249 At the tale of pity my eyes are filled with tears. 1886 D. C. Murray Cynic Fortune vi, The broken .. gentleman ..filling his pockets with fairy bank-notes. b. in immaterial sense. a 1000 Andreas 523 (Gr.) He.. wuldres fyldebeorhtne bold- welan. C1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 117 [>e holi gost com uppen he apostles and filde ful hat hus here hie inne seten. a 1300 Cursor M. 852 (Cott.) God. .fild his werld al wit his grace. 13.. Poems fr. Vernon MS. 71 Ffullyng hem of hi fatnesse Of inward saunctite. c 1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 27 Of grace my h°u5t h° u fille. 1471 Ripley Comp. Alc/i. v. in Ashm. (1652) 158 Theyr howsys wyth stench they fyll. 1561 Norton & Sackv. Gorboduc 1. i. (1571) A iv/i His enuious hart .. Filled with disdaine. 1667 Milton P. L. 1. 495 Ely’s Sons, who fill’d With lust and violence the house of God. 1697 Dryden Virg. Geo?g. in. 522 Linnets fill the Woods with tuneful Sound. 1710 Addison Tatter No. 220 P 1 Having received many Letters filled with Compliments. 1744 Bp. Warburton Wks. (1811) XI. 244 note, The public therefore cannot be as impatient for their conviction as this de¬ cipherer is for filling his subscription. 1812 Southey Life (1850) III. 338 Surely such a subscription might soon be filled. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 29 Three more years filled with injuries. c. Phrases: + To fill the hands of( a Hebraism): to invest with an office. To fill one's hand (at Poker) (see quot. 1885). To fillones pipe : to attain to easy circumstances or wealth (slang). 1535 Coverdale Judg. xvii. 5 Micha. .fylled y‘ handes of one of his sonnes. 1821 P. Egan Tom 4 Jerry vi. 84 Such persons, .have lived just long enough, according to a vulgar phrase, to fill their pipe, and leave others to enjoy it. 1885 H. Jones in Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) XIX. 283/1 The dealer then asks each in rotation who have chipped whether they will fill their hands (i. e. whether they will exchange any cards for an equivalent number from the top of the pack) or play the hand dealt. d. To fill a ship's bottom (see quot. 1867). To fill the ice (see quot. 1892). 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Filling a ship's bottom, implies covering the bottom of a ship with broad-headed nails, so as to give her a sheathing of iron. 1892 J. Kerr Gloss. Curling Terms, Curling 380 Fill the ice, place stones on the way to the tee. e. Sc. In hand-loom weaving, absol. = to fill the * pirns 9 or bobbins with yarn, thus making them ready to be placed in the shuttle. 1889 J. M. Barrie Window in Thrums xii. 108 Nanny went to the loom in his place, filling as well as weaving. t 2 . To impregnate. Cf. Full a. Obs. 1607 Topsell Four-f. ^^^(1658)48 They desire the Cow at eight months old, but they are not able to fill her till they be two years old. 1645 Milton L y Allegro 23. * 3 . intr. To become full, either in a material or immaterial sense. Of the bosom: —fill out (16 b). 1607 Shaks. Timon iv. iii. 244 The one is filling still, neuer compleat. 1685 Cotton tr. Montaigne I. 211 A soul stretches and dilates itself proportionably as it fills. 1713 Guardian No. 171 In a few weeks, when the town fills. 1751 R. Paltock P. Wilkins (1884) I. ix. 93 Upon launching my boat I perceived she was very leaky, so I let her fill. 1803 J. Davis Trav. Amen . 57 A bosom just beginning to fill. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. xix, Twice a day the Severn fills. t b. Of a list, etc. : To be filled up. Obs. 1710 Lond. Gaz. No. 4661/3 The Lottery for two Millions of Florins fills with great Success. 4 . Naut. a. trans. Of the wind: To cause (the sails) to swell; to distend. 1610 Shaks. Temp. Epil. 12 Gentle breath of yours my Sailes Must fill. 1735 Phil. Trans. XLI. 536 The Sailor concerns himself no farther with the Wind, than as it fills his Sails. 1887 Bowen Virg. sEneid iii. 268 South winds filling the sails. b. intr. Of a sail: To become full of wind. 1835 Marryat Pirate i. The jib filled as the frigate rounded to. c. trans. To fill the sails : ‘ to brace the yards so that the wind strikes the after side of the sails, and advances the ship in her course 9 (Smyth). 1794 Rigging 4 Seamanship II. 312 Fill the sails. 1847 Sir J. C. Ross Voy. S. Seas II. 168 By backing and filling the sails we endeavoured to avoid collision. 1875 Bedford Sailor's Pocket-bk. x. (ed. 2) 354 Fill the head sails. d. absol. ; also to fill away. 1681 Lond. Gaz. No. 1628/1 In the mean time, the Admiral who had been beaten off, filled and laid them Aboard the second time. 1832 Marryat N. Forster xli, The commodore made the signal to fill. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xxxv. 133 Each vessel filled away, and kept on her course, i860 G. Balmanno in Merc. Marine Mag. VII. 369 Thinking there must be room ahead I filled again. 5 . To stock or store abundantly. c 1000 Caedmoris Gen. 196 (Gr.) Tudre fylla# eor#an aelgrene. 1388 Wyclif Gen. i. 22 Wexe ^e, and be 3e multiplied, and fille 3e the watris of the see. 1667 Milton P. L. vii. 397 Be fruitful, multiply, and in the Seas And Lakes and run¬ ning Streams the waters fill. 1782 Cowper Progr. Err . 480 The wriggling fry soon fill the creeks around. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 203 This parliament was filled with Dermots and Geohegans [etc.]. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits , Ability Wks. (Bohn) II. 42 The rivers..are arti¬ ficially filled with the eggs of salmon. 6. To charge or make up with some foreign material; hence, to adulterate. 1887-1890 [see Filled ppl. a. 1 b.]. II. To occupy completely. 7 . To occupy the whole capacity or extent of; also, to spread over or throughout, pervade. a 1300 Leg. Rood (1871) 28 [>e suotnesse J>at per-of com velde al bat lond. a 1400-50 Alexander 3065 His folke fellis all (?e flode a forelange o brede. 1608-11 Bp. Hall Medit. 4 Venus 1. § 34 The heart of man is..so infinite in desire, that the round globe of the world cannot fill the three corners of it. 1646 P. Bulkeley Gospel Covt. 1. 130 Water which fills the sea. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. 11. iv. § 2 The Idea [which] belongs to Body, whereby we conceive it to fill space. 1768 Johnson Let. to F. A. Barnai'd 28 May, The maps, .fill two Atlantic folios. 1848 Macaulay Hist . Eng. I. 397 The fame cf her great writers filled Europe, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. ii. 17 Glaciers which once filled the valley. 1884 tr. Lotze's Logic 444 The discussion which fills the Xllth book of Aristotle’s Metaphysics. 1892 Daily News 17 Oct. 2/7 Wherever there is sufficient business between the two [towns] to ‘fill ’ a wire. b. In immaterial sense: To be all that is con¬ tained in. 1890 J. Martineau Scat Authority Rclig. Pref. 6 The mere resort to testimony for information beyond our pro¬ vince does not fill the meaning of ‘ authority ’. c. slang. To fill the bill : ( a) Theatrical : see quot. 1891. (b) US . ‘To do all that is desired, expected, or required; to suit the requirements of the case’ (Cent. Diet.). 1882 Chicago Tribune , ‘Affable Imbecile ’ would about fill the bill for you. 1891 Farmer Slang Diet., Fill the bill, to excel in conspicuousness : as a star actor whose name is * billed * to the exclusion of the rest of the company. 8. To hold or occupy (a position) ; to discharge the duties of (an office, place, post, etc.). In to fill a chair , place, seat , etc. with mixture of sense 7. So + To fill the time : to do what is wanted at the time. c 1400 Apoh Loll. 1 pe pope, .fillip not in dede. ne in word, pe office of Petir in 3erp. 1601 Shaks. All's Well 1. ii. 69, I fill a place, I know’t. Ibid. 111. vii. 33 In fine, deliuers me to fill the time, Her selfe most chastly absent. 1697DRYDEN Virg. Georg, iv. 294 Thus make they Kings to fill the Regal Seat. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 2 P1 He fills the Chair at a Quarter- Session. 1769 Goldsm. Rom. Hist. (1786) II. 105 His assid¬ uity in filling the duties of each [employment]. 1821 Byron Juan iv. xv, They were not made in the real world to fill A busy character in the dull scene. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 608 Perth .. filling the great place of Chancellor. 1871 Freeman Norm. Conq . (1876) IV. xviii. 216 Stamford, like Lincoln, .fills a prominent place in the wars of Edward. 1876 Gladstone Homeric Synchr. 49 Who fills the Chair of Chemistry at Athens. 1885 Law Times LXXIX. 170/2 The post which is now filled by Mr. Ubert 9 . a. To occupy or furnish the means of oc¬ cupying (what is vacant). + To fill the rootn of : to take the place of. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 67 a, The asshes may fill the rome of spodium. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 235 Amusements which fill a vacant hour. PILL. 215 FILLER. b. To put a person or thing into (a vacant place). 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen.VI, 111. i. 16 No Harry, .'tis no Land of thine, Thy place is fill’d. 1868 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1S76) II. App. 588 The people at large claimed a voice in tilling the episcopal chair. III. To satisfy; to fulfil, complete. 10 . To produce a sense of fullness in ; to satiate, satisfy, glut; in both material and immaterial sense. Chiefly of a personal agent; occas. of a thing. Const, with. a 1300 Cursor M. 6842 (Cott.) pe pour men hunger for to fill. Ibid. 17227 (Cott.) Mi flexsli lust to fill. 1340 Ayenb. 77 Hi onderstondep |?et al pe worlde ne is na^t a guod snode: uor inannes herte to uelle. c 1440 Prornp. Parz>. 160/1 Fyll wythe mete, sac to. 1485 Caxton Paris <$• V. 31 Coude not be contente ne fylled to beholde hyr fayre loue. ISS9 Mirr,. Mag., Dk. Suffolk xvii, How fast she fylde me both with prayes and prayse. 1607 Shaks. Tinioti 1. i. 271 To see meate fill Knaues, and Wine heat fooles. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts (1658) 360 A Lion..when he is satisfied and filled he layeth aside that savage quality. 1661 Pepys Diary 23 July, I sat before Mrs. Palmer, .and filled my eyeswith her. 1715 Cheyne Philos. Princ. Relig. n. ii. 70 Nothing .. but the absolute and increated Infinite, can adequatly fill and super-abundantly satisfy it [the desire], 1821 Keats Isabel ii, Her full shape would all his seeing fill. + b. intr. To become satisfied or satiated. Obs. £1330 R. Brunne Citron. IVace (Rolls) 2392 Sone after¬ ward pey fillede of Leyre. 1592 Shaks. Veit, fy Ad. 548 Glutton-like she feeds, yet never filleth. + 11 . To make satisfaction for, atone for (a fault). a 1300 Cursor M. 24700 (Gott.) Suilk fautis mai men fill. 12. + a. To carry out in or to its fullness, execute, perform (a command, duty, promise, etc.); to ful¬ fil (a prophecy, etc.). Also to Jill forth. Obs. c 1000 Azarias 42 (Gr.) Fyl nu pa frumsprasce. £1200 ORMIN917 He ne namm nan gom To fillenn all hiss wikenn. a 1225 After. R. 386 Luue fulleS J>e lawe. C1250 Gen. <$• Ex. 1463 Dat he sulde fillen 5 at quede Sat he abraham quilum dede. a 1300 Cursor M. 14531 (Cott.) He com for.. be prophecis to fill. £1340 Gaw. <5- Gr. Knt. 1405 To fylle pe same forwardez pat [>ay by-fore maden. c 1380 Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 324 Goddis wille is fillid asideli. ^1400 Destr. Troy 602 But this forward to fille, first ye me sweire. £1500 Lancelot 3353 Thai.. All redy war to fillyng his command. 1578 Scot. Poems 16th C. II. 131 To fulfill his Fathers will, Till fill furth that he said. t b. To make perfect, accomplish, complete, finish (a work, period of time, ‘ one’s days ’). Also with inf. as obj. Obs. c 117s Lamb. Horn. 39 pet seofeSe is cherite, heo fulleS alle a oSre ping and endeS. c 1300 Havelok 354 Deth him tok an he best wolde Liuen, but hyse dayes were fulde. c 1330 R. Brunne Citron. (1810) 34 Auht ^ere was he kyng, his daies alle filled. 1382 Wyclif Ex. xxxvi. 8 Alle the wise men in herte maden to fille the werk of the tabernacle. 1388 — Jer. Ii. 63 Whanne thou hast fillid to rede this book, c 1400 Destr. Troy 1109 To fillyn our fare & our fos harme. 1611 Bible Isa. lxv. 20 An olde man, that hath not filled his dayes. c. Comm. To execute (a trade order). Also ( US '.), To make up (a prescription). 1866 Lowell Lett. (1804) I. 369, I sat down and did what I could to answer (‘fill , I think, is the proper word) your order. 1891 Pall Mall G. 15 Oct. 7/2 In order to fill this one order by a single firm. 1891 H. Tuckley Under the Queen 25 The individual who fills their prescriptions. IV. With the introduced contents as obj. + 13 . To put (wine, etc.) into a vessel with the view of filling it; hence. To pour out. Also, To Jill about , ottt (see 16 c). Obs. exc. arch. (Cf. Ger. fallen.) cusoErle Tolous 314 Fylle the vvyne, wyghtly he badd. 1530 Palsgr. 549/2, I fyll drinke .. Je verse a boyre. 1615 Markham Eng. Housew. 11. i. (1668) 12 Having filled it [Milk] into a clean vessel. 1637 T. Morton New Eng. Canaan in. xiv. 134 Fill sweet nectar freely about. 1705 W. Bosman Guinea 230 Brandy in the Morning and Palm- Wine in the Afternoon are very briskly filled about. 1710 Steele Tatler No. 141 p 4, I .. desire the young lady may fill tea one week longer. [1840 Fonblanque Life <$* Lab. (1874) 318 Let there be well-paid publicans to fill gills of whiskey.] absol. £1510 Robin Hood 1, * Fyll of the best wyne ’ sayd Robyn. 1594 Marlowe & Nashe Dido 1. i, I fill’d into your cups. 1611 Bible Rev. xviii. 6 In the cup which she hath filled fill to her double. 1820 Scott Ivafihoe xxi, He hath no pleasure save to fill, to swill, and to call for more. 14 . To fill a receptacle with (any material); to put or take a load of (corn, water, etc.) on board a ship. To fill powder (see quot. 1867). 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 13 He lette sende hys messageres in to al Grece .. And lette fulle corn, and oyl, & wyn, by iche syde. 1496 [See Filler i.] 1557 W. Tovvrson m Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 114 Here we filled water, and after set saile. 1697 Damfier Voy. I. xv. 404 Having fill’d our Water, cut our Wood, and got our Ship in a sailing posture. 1725 De Foe New Voy. (1840) 35 Having the long-boat and the shallop, with about six-and-thirty men with them, away they went to fill water. 1797 Nelson in Nicolas Disf. II. 224 Eighteen rounds of powder filled. 1867 Smyth Sailor's IVord-bk., Filling powder, taking gunpowder from the casks to fill cartridges. V. Idiomatically combined with adverbs. (For non-specialized combinations, see the simple senses and the advbs.) 15 . Fill in. a. trans. To complete (an outline), b. To put in, esp. by speech or in writing, what will occupy a vacancy or vacant place. C. Naut. (see quot.). 1840 Clough Amours de Voy. in. 178 A chamber filled-in with harmonious, exquisite pictures. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Filling-in , the replacing a ship's vacant planks opened for ventilation, when preparing her, from ordinary, for sea. 1878 liosw. Smith Carthage 269 The outline is com¬ manding .. and there is no detail with which our materials enable us to fill it in at all, which is not in perfect harmony with the whole. 1883 Sat. Rev. 8 Sept. 302 The aposiopesis is seldom filled in. 1893 Sir J. W. Chitty in Law Times' Rep. LXVIII. 430/1 He had left the date blank for the plaintiff to fill in. 16 . Fill out. a. trans. To enlarge or extend to the desired limit. Cf. 4. a 1700 Dryden (J.), Whom pomp and greatness sits so loose about, That he wants majesty to fill them out. 1707 Norris Treat. Humility vi. 278 They may not .. so fill out the sails of our reputation in this world. b. intr. To become distended, or rounded in outline. 1851 Carpenter Man. P/tys. (ed. 2) 360 As each set of muscles is relaxed, the veins .. fill out again. 1888 Illtistr. Sport. <5- Dram. News , 21 Jan. 511/1 Merry Hampton [horse] is thickening and filling out. c. trans. To pour out (wine, etc.). Cf. 13. 1602 Marston Ant. $ Mel. 11. Wks. 1856 I. 28 Fill out Greeke wines. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones vm. v, Filling out a glass of wine. 1864 G. Dyce Bella Donna II. 145 The tea was filled out and getting cold. d. = Fill Up (see I 7 g). 1880 [see Filled ppl. a. 2]. 17 . Pill up. 1 Up is often used without much addition to the force of the verb’ (J.). a. trans. To fill to repletion, b. To complete the process of filling ; to fill the vacant parts or places in (anything) ; to supply the deficiencies in. 1605 Shaks. Macb. iv. iii. 62 Your Wiues, your Daughters ..could not fill up The Cesterne of my Lust. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 432 P11 When you want a Trifle to fill up a Paper. 1780 A. McDougall in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev. (1853) IH- 136 They have passed very decisive laws for filling up their regiments for the war. 1803 Scott Bonnie Dundee , Come fill up my cup, come fill up my can. 1824-9 Landor Intag. Cottv. (1846) II. 209 He has left us a design to fill up. 1891 S. C. Scrivener Our Fields <$* Cities 72 These people could fill up their time at agriculture. C. To supply (a deficiency, a vacancy) ; to pro¬ vide an occupant for (a vacant post). 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV j iv. ii. 35 Such haue I to fill vp the roomes of them that haue bought out their seruices. 1611 Bible Col. i. 24 Who .. fill vp that which is behind of the afflictions of Christ in my flesh. 1694 F. Bragge Disc. Parables v. 181 A numerous progeny to.. fill up the vacancies left by the fall of the rebel angels. 1891 Law Times XC. 419/2 He has had to fill up two High Court judgeships. + d. To come up to the measure of; to equal. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. v. ii. 193 How many inches doth fill vp one mile ? + e. To complete the measure of. Obs. 1611 Bible i Tltess. ii. 16 Forbidding us to speak to the Gentiles, that they might be saved, to fill up their sins alvvay. 1642 Chauncy in Bradford Plymouth Plantation (1856) 396 God sometimes hids a sinner until his wickednes is filled up. * +f. To fulfil, satisfy. Obs. 1596 Shaks. Merck. V. iv. i. 160 Comes .. to fill vp your Graces request in my sted. g. To write what is requisite in the blank space or spaces of a cheque, form, etc. Cf. 15 b. 1802 Ld. Eldon in Vesey’s Reports VII. 78 A blank, left for the name of the person . .was not filled up. 1885 Act 48 Vid. c. 15 Sched. 11. Forms, Part ii. Form (A), You are hereby required to fill up accurately the under-written form. 1885 Mcatch. Exam. 3 June 4/7 One of them [cheques] he filled up for ;£ 1,000. h. To stop up ; to do away with (a hole) by filling. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, in. ii. 116 To fill the mouth of deepe Defiance vp. 1611 — Wint. T. v. iii. 101 lie fill your Graue vp. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) III. 96 A commoner cannot fill up rabbit burrows made by the lord. Mod. There was a pond here, but it has been filled up. i. intr. ‘To grow full’ (J.) Of (the bed of) a sea ; To silt up. 1695 Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth 1. (1702) 49 Neither the Palus Moeotis .. nor any other Seas, fill up, or by degrees grow shallower. VI. 18 . Comb. The vb.-stem is prefixed to various sbs., forming sbs. with the sense * he who or that which fills something*, as fill-basket, a name applied by gardeners to certain large or pro- lific kinds of peas, potatoes, etc.; fill-belly, a glutton; fill-(the)-dike, -ditch a., epithets of the month February; + fill-knag, ? a drunkard ; fill-paunch (see quot.); fill-pot, ? a tippler; fill-sack, fill-space (see quots.); + fill-square ( Geotti .), one of the complements of a square. 1881 OxfordsJt. Gloss. Suppl., * Fill basket . a large kind of pea. 1553 Becon Reliques of Rome (1563) 49* They are *fylbellyes and Epicures. 1611 Cotgr., Wee call it [Febru¬ ary], *Fill-dike. 1879 Jefferies Wild Life in S. C. 314 In February—*‘fill-ditchas the old folk call it. a 1605 Polwart Flytifig w. Montgomerie 790 Buttrie bag, *fill knag ! 1659 Torriano, Tira-pancia , a stretch-gut, a gulch- bellie, a *fill-panch. 1609 Ev. Woman in Hum. 1. i. in Bullen O. PI. IV. 315 Host. There, my fine *fil-pots; give the word as you passe, a 1635 Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 55 The people then called him, *Fill-sack, by reason of his great wealth. 1827 Lamb Lett. (1888) II. 194 The artist (who had clapt in Miss merely as a *fill-space). 1551 Re- corde Patlnv. Knowl. 1. xvi, When there are more then one [square] made about one bias line, the *filsquares of euery of them muste needes be equall. 3 ?ill(e, obs. pa. t. of Fall v. Ti llable, a. [f. prec. + -able.] Capable of being filled. 1483 Caih. Angl. 130/2 Fyllabylle, saciabilis. 1870 Graphic 14 May 563/2 When the white hands of April are tillable With blossoms. t Fillady, filliday. Obs. Some bird in Newfoundland. 1622 N. H. Let. 18 Aug. in Whitbourne Newfoundland, The Fowles and Birds of the Land are Partriges, Curlues, Fillidayes .. and such like. 1623 Ibid. 7 Filladies, Nightin¬ gales, and such like small birds. 1674 J. Josselyn Two V oy. to N.-E. 100 Filladies are small singing Birds. Fillamo(r)t, -ander, obs. ff. Filemot, Fi- LANDER 1. + Fi llatrice. rare— 1 , [a. F. fdatrice, woman who spins; also (17th c.) a stuff with a woof of floss-silk, f. filer to spin.] attrib. in Fillatrice-stnff, a sort of stuff ? made of floss-silk. 1714 Fr. Bk. of Rates 41 Fillatrice-Stuflf, as mercery, per 100 Weight. + Fille 1. Obs. [OR. file, app. shortened from cerfille, Chervil.] ? = Chervil. In Wr.-Wulcker 323 (£1050) it glosses serpillum , which properly means thyme. Halliwell’s Diet, has 1 Fill, the plant Restharrow’, but gives no authority. £ 1000 Sax. Leechd. 34 Fille and finule. a 1310 in Wright Lyric P. xiii, The fenyl ant the fille. + Fille 2 . Obs. [a. F .feuille.'\ 1 . A leaf. £ 1450 Med. Rec. in Thornton Rofn. p. xxxvi, Take vervayne or vetoyne, or filles of wormod, and make lee therof. 2 . As the type of something worthless. [Perh. another word.] 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 297 Al nas wor}> afylle. c 1305 Pilate 87 in E. E. P. (1862) 113 Pilatus .. ne $af no^t worp afille. Filled (fild), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ED h] 1 . In various senses of the vb. 1580 Baret Alv. F 494 Filled, satisfied, saturatus. 1769 Falconer Did. Marine (1789) Y y iij, The filled cartridges. 1772 Ann. Reg. 9/1 A Chinese .. offered me a filled tobacco pipe. 1882 Pall Mall G. 12 July 8/2 Barges laden with filled shell are arriving. 1892 Lockwood Mech. Engin. Did., Filled Rail, a point rail, or a stock rail, which has one or both sides filled up flush. b. Made up by the addition of foreign materials; adulterated. Of cotton fabrics: Faced or sized with certain preparations serving to give the ap¬ pearance of greater substance. 1887 Pall Mall G. 25 June 12/1 A word in defence of the much abused ‘filled’ cottons. 1888 Nature 26 July 294/1 The methods of production of‘filled’ (i.e. adulterated and watered) soaps. 1890 Daily News 25 Apr. 5/3 A mysterious product analogous to margarine, known to the trade as ‘ filled cheese 2 . With adverbs : see Fill v. 15-17. 1849 Florist 264 The variety caused by numerous petals and a filled-up outline. 1865 Cornhill Mag. Feb. 179, I will .. take them before and after my filled-up hours. 1866 Howells Vend. Lifexvi. 248 A filled-up canal. 1880 Daily News 26 Aug. 2/3 The booking clerk gives him a filled-out memorandum. Fillemot, -ender, obs. ff. Filemot, Filander. Filler 1 (fi'lsi). [f. Fill v. + -er b] 1 . One who or that which fills: in various senses of the verb. 1496 Nottingham Rec. III. 291 To \>e fillers |?at filled grauell at Trent side. 1541 R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., The fyller and nouryssher of the other. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 59 Hee that forketh the waine is to stande on the stacke [? waine] and forke to the stacke and fillers. 1755 Young Centaur Wks. 1762 IV. 197 Centre of all good ! Filler of immensity ! 1816 Byron Let. to Moore 5 Jan., The fifteen hundred fillers of hot rooms, called the fashionable world. 1886 Pall Mall G. 5 Oct. 14/1 The peaches come in large pans, and each ‘filler’ selects with a fork only the perfect halves. b. Sc. A funnel. 1782 Sir J. Sinclair Observ. Scot. Dial. 118 A filler , a funnel. 1847 in Craig. 2 . Something used to fill a cavity, stop a gap, complete a load or charge, make bulk, etc. 1591 Greene Disc. Coosnage (1592) 22 Laying in the mouth of the sack certaine choise coles, which they call fillers, to make the sack shew faire. 1697 Dryden sEneid Ded. (1709) 297 It [an epithet] is a mere filler, to stop a vacancy in the Hexameter. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Filler , a filling piece on a made mast. 1884 Pall Mall G. 17 May 4 A cigar consists of three parts, the wrapper, the bunch, and the filler. 1885 Harper s Mag. Mar. 608/2 It consists of.. marble blocks inclosing a ‘filler’ of cemented granite stones. 3 . With adverbs, as filler-in, filler-up. 1726 Leoni Alberti's Archil. I. 44 b, Those parts which.. lie between these principal parts, are very properly call’d fillers up. 1735 Pope Let. to Cromwell 17 Dec. 1710, A Mixture, .of forc’d and inextricable Conceits, and of needless fillers-up. 1776 ‘ Courtney Melmoth’ Pupil Pleas. I. 217 Detraction is a necessary filler-up of the vacuum. _ 1877 N. W. Line. Gloss., Fillers in, small stones in the inside of a rubble-wall. 4 . Comb. : filler-box, a receptacle for prepared clay in a brick machine. 1884 C. T. Davis Bricks Sp Tiles v. 177 It is impossible to fill the charge-boxes, or as they are also termed, the ‘filler- boxes’, with any degree of regularity in dry-clay machines. Filler 2 (fi’lai). Also 7 fillar, 9 viller. [f. Fill jA 2 + -er 1 .] A thill- or shaft-horse. Also attrib., as filler-horse. 1695 Kennett Par. Antiq. Gloss, s.v. Pullanus, The horse which goes in the rods is commo[n]ly called the fillar. 1852 C. W. H[oskins] Talpa 3 Just as the filler-horse was con- 216 FILLET. FILLET. gratulating himself that it was all plain sailing now. 1888 Berksh. Gloss ., Viller. Filleroy, obs. form of Philltrea. Fillet (fi'let), sb. Forms: 4filete, philett, 4-5 felet(t, 5 filett, 5-6 fi-, fylette, south. vylette, 6 fyllet(t, (6 fylet, fillott, 7 filot, 7-8 fillit(t), 6-7 phillet, 4-7 filet, 6- fillet, [a. Fr. filet = Vi. filet, filete, Yi.filetto, a Com. Romanic diminutive of L. filum thread.] 1 . A head-band. a. A ribbon, string, or narrow band of any material used for binding the hair, or worn round the head to keep the headdress in position, or simply for ornament. Also Jig., esp. with reference to the vitta with which in classical antiquity the heads of sacrificial victims were adorned, or to the ‘snood’ formerly worn as a badge of maidenhood. a 1327 Pol. Songs (Camden) 154 Habbe he a fauce filet, he halt hire hed he3e. a 1400-50 Alexander 4338 pure para¬ mours vs to plese ne pride J?aim bewenes, Nouthire ffurrers, filetts, ne frengs. c 1467 Paston Lett. No. 568 II. 298 She wuld fayne have a new felet. 1530 Palsgr. 220/1 Fyllet for a maydens heed, fronteau. 1553 Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 18 All .. of the kinges bande, haue a silken fyllet of scarlet colour tied about their heades. 1626 T. H[awkins] Caussin's Holy Crt. 93 Euen those, which haue yet the fillet of shamefastnesse vpon theyr browes, suffer themselues. .to runne, after the torrent of Examples. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 11. 675 Ye sacred Muses .. Whose Priest I am, whose holy Fillets wear. 1704 Pope Windsor For. 178 A belt her waist, a fillet binds her hair. 1795 Burke Let. to Elliot Wks. 1842 II. 241 These priests, .begin by crowning me with their flowers and their fillets. 1839 Mrs. Hemans Poems, Lady of Castle , Those long fair tresses .. Bursting their fillet. 1879 Heekbohm Patagonia vi. 91 Their hair is kept from falling over their faces by a fillet tied round the head. attrib. 1847 Emerson Poems, Mithridates Wks. I. 140 Ivy for my fillet band ; Blinding dog-wood in my hand, f b. (Seequot.) ? nonce-use (transl. Gr. 8 iadrj^a). 1688 R. Holme Armoury 111. jfi Of a Crown, the Diadem, or Royal Fillet, is that part which compasseth the head, c. In the harness of a horse (see quot.). 1607 Markham Caval. 11. ii. 12 Cauezan, or any other binding fillet ouer the nose of the horse. 2 . A strip of any material suitable for binding; a band or bandage; + the edging or list of cloth. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 259 The brims & borders of the sea, called for the resemblance of fillets or lists in a cloth, Taeniae. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple lsl. x. xxxvii. 144 Her daintie breasts, like to an Aprill rose From green silk fillets yet not all unbound. 1734 tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. (1827) 1 .11. i. 226 The body was swathed in lawn fillets. 1769 Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 301 When it is almost cold bind it up with a fresh fillet. 1834 Lytton Pompeii 1. ii, She will bind the door-posts of her husband with golden fillets. 1865 Living¬ stone Zambesi v. 114 Fillets of the inner bark of a tree wound spirally round each curl. transf. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) I. 7 Yellow antherx of flowers, suspended by fillets of white. b. A surgical bandage. 1802 Paley Nat. Theol. viii. (1805) 122 The fillet is almost always strapped across [a fracture] for the sake of giving firmness and strength to the bandage. 1807-26 S. Coofer First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 409 A band, or fillet, which goes round the head. c. Obstetr. (See quot. 1884.) 1753 N. Torriano Midwifry 35 In this Case a Fillet is necessary. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fillet .. a loop or noose used from very ancient times for the extraction of the head of the child. 3 . A thin narrow strip of any material. In many mechanical applications, e. g. in Coining , the ribbon of metal out of which the blanks or planchets are punched; in the Car ding-engine, a strip of card¬ clothing ; ‘ a perforated curb to confine the curds in making cheese * (Knight); etc. 1663 Gerbier Counsel 15 A fillet of Lead. 1724 Swift Prometheus , The Mixture [i. e. the metal for Wood’s half¬ pence]. . In Fillets roll’d, or cut in Pieces, Appear’d like one continu'd Spec’es. 1779 Bailey Adv. Arts II. 14 An iron Fillet [of a plough] six inches and a quarter long; its extreme breadth is two inches and a half, and three sixteenths of an inch thick. 1859 All Year Round 2 July 239/1 Fillets, or ribands of gold [for coining]. 1893 Daily News 9 June 5/4 Some of them [coins] perhaps have been cut from the .. cracked parts of the fillets, + 4 . In etymol. sense (after Fr. filet') : A thread or string: a. fig. pi. The ‘ threads ’ of life. b. In plants : A fibre of the root; a rib or vein of a leaf; the pistil or stamen of a flower, c. The 1 string’ of the tongue. Obs. 1590 Greene Orl. Fur. (1599) I 9 Seek not. .To. .slice the slender fillets of my life. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 557 All other come .. haue many small fillets or strings appendant to the roots. 1660 Hexham, Ribbekens die door de bladers loopen, Fillets or Sprouts which run through the leaves of Trees or Hearbes. a 1693 Urquhart Rabelais m. xxxiv. 287 To have the Fillet of her Tongue untied. 1730-6 Bailey ( folio), Filet is used to signify those threads that are usually found in the middle of flowers, as the Lily, Tulip, etc. 1735 Dyche & Pardon, Fillet .. in Anatomy, 'tis the Extremity of the Ligament under the Tongue, called the Frenum. 5 . A band of fibre, whether muscle or nerve; a flap of flesh : f a. A muscle. Obs. 1533 Elyot Cast. Helthe (1541) 85 b, Excessive multitude of humors .. do extende the muscules or fyllettes. 1543 Traheron Vigo's Chirurg. 1. i. 1 b, A muscle is a membre compounde of synnowes, ligamentes, and fleshie fyllettes, or as it were, threads fylled w l fleshe. b. (See quots.) 1840 G. Ellis Anat. 27 A band of fibres is continued from its nucleus to the fibres of the lateral part of the medulla on which it lies; this band is the fillet of Riel. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fillet , a tract of obliquely-curved white nerve-fibres seen on the surface of the pons Varolii, and occupying a triangular area at the side of the tegmentum. + c. A lobe of the liver. Cf. Fibre i a. Obs. 1607 Topsell Four-f Beasts (1658) 402 The. .fillets of the liver of a mouse, a 1656 Ussher Ann. vi. (1658) 279 The liver of it had no filets. 1692 R. L'Estrange Josephus'' Antiq. hi. ix. (1733) 70 The Fillets of the Liver. d. pi. The fillets : the loins (of an animal, rarely of a man). ? *12400 Morte Arth. 1158 His [Arthur’s] flawnke and his feletez, and his faire sydez. 1483 Cath. Angl. 130 A Felett of fie bakke, pala. 1523 Fitzhf.rb. Huso. § 76 The .ix. propertyes of an hare .. the .ix. to haue two good fylettes. 1611 Markham Country Content. (1649) 6 His [the hound’s] fillets would be thick and great. 2625CROOKE Body of Man ii. 65 The Loynes. .the fleshy parts on either side are called in Greeke \\ioa, Pulfa a palpando, in imitation whereof wee call it the Fillet, as it were Feele it. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1757) II. 27 The Reins of a Horse, or what we commonly stile the Fillets. 1790 Burns Let. to Nicol 9 Feb., She had been quite strained in the fillets beyond cure. 1892 Northumberl. Gloss ., Fillets , the hollow between a horse's ribs and haunch bones. t e. (See quot. ; app. a misunderstanding.) 1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. 154/1 The Fillets, are the fore-parts of the shoulders next the Breast. Whence 1721 in Bailey. 6 . Cookery, a. A fleshy portion of meat near the loins or ribs of an animal, easily detachable; the ‘ undercut* of a sirloin or rump of beef; a similar fleshy part in the body of a fowl. b. One of the thick slices into which a fish is easily divided ; also, a thick slice of meat, tongue, etc. The fillet of beef is sometimes cooked like the fillet of veal (sense c): seequot. 1747. In the above senses some¬ times with Fr. spelling./?/^. c 1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 31 Take filetes of porke and half horn rost. c 1430 Two Cookery-bks. 49 Take lardes of Venysoun .. or of a Bere, & kerue hem fiinne as Fylettes of Porke. 1658 T. Mayerne Archimag. Anglo-Gall. xiii. 7 The Phillets. .of Beef. 1725 Bradley Fam. Diet. s.v. Pike , A Pike Filets fry’d. 2741 Compl, Fam. Piece 1. ii. 174 Cut a Fillet of Veal into 3 or 4 Fillets. 1747 Mrs. Glasse Art of Cookery 21 A Fillet of Beef, .is the Inside of the Surloin : You must carefully cut it all out from the Bone .. roll it up tight; tye it with a Packthread. 1824 Byron Juan xv. lxvi, Young partridge fillets. 1841 Thackeray Misc. Ess. (1885) 385 The beefsteak cut from the filet, as is usual in France. 1846 Soyer Gastron. Regen. 166 A small fillet of tongue. Ibid. 266 Take out the fillet from beneath a rump of beef. Ibid. 329 Carefully skin and bone the breast [of a turkey] without separating the fillets. Ibid. 360 Pass a knife down the back-bone [of a hare], .keeping it close to the ribs till you have extracted the fillet. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp.xvii. (1854) 130 The filet of a large Ivory one [sea-gull] is a morceau between a spring chicken and our own un¬ surpassed canvas back. c. A 1 joint* consisting of the middle part of a leg of veal, boned, rolled and tied with a string or ‘fillet’; a piece of beef, fish, etc. prepared in a similar manner. 1700 Dryden Fables 213 The rest They cut in Legs and Fillets for the Feast. 1732 Fielding Miser in. iii, A fillet of veal roasted. 1747 Mrs. Glasse Art of Cookery 93 To Roast a Fillet or Collar of Sturgeon. Take a Piece of fresh Sturgeon .. take out the Bones, and cut in Lengths .. then begin to roll it up as close as possible .. and bind it round with a narrow Fillet. 1769 Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 100 Take a fillet of a cow calf, stuff it well. 1835 Marryat Jac. Faith f . III. i, We dine at half-past three — fillet of veal and bacon—don't be too late for dinner. attrib. 1841 J. T. Hewlett Parish Clerk I. 125 Firmly united by a fillet-of-veal skewer. 7 . Any object having the appearance of a fillet or band. 1611 Speed TJicat. Gt. Brit. 1. xvi. 32/2 From a split cloue .. a white blewish Flowre shortly springeth from whence Fillets of Saffron are gathered before the Sunne, and dried. 1696 Aubrey Misc. (1721) 35 The two Filots, which cross the greater Circle, .were of a pale colour. 1817 Coleridge Biog. Lit. 247 Above the moon was a huge volume of deep black cloud, while a very thin fillet crossed the middle of the orb. 1862 Tyndall Mountaineer, vi. 43 We once halted beside a fillet of clear spring water to have a draught. 1863 — Heat v. § 192 (1870) 153 Every fillet of mercury freezes the water with which it comes into contact. 8 . Arch. a. A narrow flat band used for the separation of one moulding from another ; a fascia, b. A small band between the flutes of a column. [1379 Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 101 Item fac. filetes et alia necessaria pro clo-totam sept. 3$.] 1473 Churclnv. Acc. St. Mich. Cornhill, For sconcheons and a felet for the same pewes. 1563 Siiute Archit. Dj b, At the toppe of the pillor lieth Astragalus and his fillet being half so high as the Astragalus. 1639 Contract in Proc. Soc. Antiq. 8 June (1893) 374 The fillitts of the Moulds .. fairly guilt. 1789 P. Smyth tr. Aldrich's Archit. (1818) 108 Reason would place the small fillet of the architrave upon the greater. 1815 Elphinstone Acc. Caubul (1842) I. 107 A fillet, formed by stones projecting a very little from the wall. 1879 Sir G. G. Scott Led. Archit. I. 248 The heaviness of large roll mouldings was often relieved by fillets. 9 . Her. a. A horizontal division of a shield, one- fourth of the depth of a Chief, f b. A band running round near the edge of a shield, one-third or one-fourth of the breadth of a Bordure or an Orle (obs.). + c. A band usually drawn from the sinister chief across the shield; usually called fillet of bastardy (obs.). 1572 Bossewf.ll Armorie 11 b, A Fillet .. conteyneth the fower parte of the cheefe. 1634 Peach am Gentleman ''s Exerc. in. 151 A Fillet the fourth of an Orle. 1751 Chambers Cycl., Fillet is also used for an ordinary, drawn like the bar, from the sinister point of the cheif across the shield; in manner of a scarf: though it is sometimes also seen in the situation of a bend, fesse, cross, etc. 1756-7 tr. Keyslers Trav. (1760) I. 185 Two coats of Arms; one, three wheels and a sword; in the other two fillets and six balls. 1766 Porny Heraldry (1787) 53 The Chief is an Ordinary .. Its Diminutive is a fillet, the content of which is not to exceed one fourth of the Chief. 1882 Cussans Heraldry iv. 57, I cannot recall to my memory any instance of a Fillet being employed in English Armory. 10 . Ent. and Ornith. a. A coloured band or stripe, b. In a spider: The space between the eyes and the base of the mandibles or cheli- cerse. 1668 Wilkins Real Char. 153 Grey plover .. which hath a black fillet about the eyes. 2841 E. N ewman Hist. Brit. Ins. ii. 175 A fillet is a longitudinal stripe, and a band or fascia is a transverse one. 11 . In various technical uses: a. A raised rim or ridge on any surface, esp. ‘ a ring on the muzzle and cascabel of a gun ’ (Adm. Smyth); also, the thread of a screw. 1703 Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 90 These Stones are let into each other with a fillet fram’d round about the cavity. 2874 Boutell Arms 4 Arm. v. 78 The [sockets] of these javelin heads are .. finished with a circular raised fillet. 1882 Raymond Mining Gloss., Fillet, the rounded corner of a groove in a roll. b. Carpentry. A narrow strip of wood fastened upon any surface to serve as a support, etc. or to strengthen an angle formed by two surfaces. 2779 Projects in Ann. Reg. 101/1 These fillets will, .form, as it were, a sort of small ledge on each side of all the joists. 2856 S. C. Brees Terms , Fillets are also used as stops to room and closet doors. 1881 Every Man his own Mechanic § 1281 Nail or screw a fillet 1 in. square down the centre of the three rafters. c. Bookbinding. A plain line impressed upon the cover of a book. Also, a rolling tool used for impressing the line. 1641 Camiltoii's Disc, in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) V. 111 Curiously bound up in leather or parchment, with fillets of silver or gold. 1880 Print. Trades Jrnl. xxxi. 13 The black outer level is surrounded in turn by a gilt fillet or line. 1890 Zaehnsdorf Bookbinding xxiii. (ed. 2) 118 Tools and Materials required for Finishing.—Rolls, fillets, pallets. d. Printing. i A rule with broad or broad and narrow lines, principally used as a border’ (Knight). e. Gilding and Painting. (See quots.) 2730-6 Bailey (folio\ Fillets , a little rule or riglet of leaf* gold, drawn over certain mouldings, or on the edge of frames, pannels, &c. 2794 W. Felton Carriages II. Gloss., Fillet , a narrow painted border, not exceeding one inch broad. 12 . attrib. and Comb., as fillet gutter, ‘a sloping gutter, with a learboard and fillet thereon, to divert the water’ (Gwilt); fillet-plane, a moulding- plane for dressing a fillet or square bead (Knight, 1874); fillet-swift (see quot.). 2861 Swinhoe N. China Camp. 16 The anxious screech of the fillet swift (Cypselus vittatus\ fFrllet, sb/ Obs. rare~ l . (Seequot.) 1587 Harrison England 11. xv. (1877) 1. 272 Which bill [of dishes] some doo call a memoriall, other a billet, but some a fillet, bicause such are commonlie hanged on the file. Fillet (fi'let), v. [f. Fillet jA 1 ] Pples. filleted, filleting. 1 . trans. To bind with or as with a fillet. a. To bind or tie up (the hair) with or as with a fillet (see Fillet sb. 1) ; also with up. 1604, 2638 [see ppl. a . x ] 2692 R. L’Estrange Josephus' Antiq. v. x. (1733) 127 That Experiment .. of filleting and twisting up his Locks. 2822 Blackw. Mag. X. 523 For whom do you comb, brush, and fillet your tresses? 2852 Moir Poems, Remembered Beauty, Her golden tresses .. Were filleted up with roses. b. + To bind or tie up, to confine or swathe with a bandage (obs.). Also Surg. To bandage (a limb). 2633 Ford Broken II. v. ii, Quick fillet both his arms. 2758 J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1772) 288 Stop the Blood, by..filletting the Arm. 2764 Hadley in Phil. Trans. LIV. 8 The feet were filleted, .being first bound separately, and then wrapped together. c. gen. To encircle or gird with an ornamental band ; also with abotit. 2622 Bible Ex. xxxviii. 28 He made hookes for the pillars, and ouerlaide their chapiters, and filleted them. 2784 Cowper Task v. 402 A stump .. filletted about with hoops of brass. 2860 All Year Round No. 46. 459 Amber mouth¬ pieces filleted with ‘sparklers’, as the English cracksman .. calls diamonds. transf. 2603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) 342 The great round roofe .. being all enameled and fillited, with the pic¬ tures of Saintes. 2 . Cookery. To divide (a fish) into fillets. Also, to cut the fillets out of (a fowl, etc.). 1846 Soyer Gastron. Regen. 105 Fillet a brill by passing a good knife from the head to the tail of the fish close to the middle bone [etc.]. .Proceed in like manner until you have got off all the meat from the bones. Ibid. 332 Fillet a poularde by splitting the skin up the breast, and passing your knife down the bone, keeping close to the ribs until you have scooped them [i. e. the fillets] out. 3 . Building and Carpentry. To close or cover the interstices between boards, slates, etc. with fillets. Cf. Fillet sb. n b. 1843 Hill in Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. IV. n. 358 In filleting, the under edge of each floor-board is cut away, and a fillet, one 217 FILLISTER. FILLETED. inch wide, and three-fourths of an inch thick, is intro¬ duced. 4 . To mark or ornament with fillets ; now chiefly in Bookbinding. 1621 Quarles Argalus $ P. (1678) 88 Armors of Steel, fair filletted with Gold. 1642 Fuller Holy Prof. St. hi. xxiv. 227 The second edition of the Temple by Zorobabel, as it was new forrelled and filleted with gold by Herod, was a statelier volume then that first of Solomon. 1665 T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 250 His A rgyraspidcs who had their Armour damasked and filletted with Silver. 1747 Franklin Let. 1 Sept. Wks. 1887 II. 91 A book whose covering is filleted with gold. Hence Filleter, one who fillets: sense 4. 1884 Birtn. Daily Post 23 Feb. 3/4 Japanners—Wanted, a good Cash-box Filleter. Filleted (fi’leted), ///. a. 1 [f. as prec. + -ED L] 1 . Bound with or as with a fillet or fillets. Also, filleted about . Of a victim: Having the head bound with a fillet. 1604 Dekker King sE ntert. Wks. 1873 I. 318 Her haire— filletted about with snakes. 1638 T. Herbert Trav. 338 They weare their heare very long, and filleted. 1755 T. Amory Mem. (1769) 11. 221 We .. had a sight of the filleted subject [a mummy]. 1768 Foote Devil 1. Wks. 1799 II. 255 The purple pinions, and filletted forehead. 1879 Browning Pheidippides 47 The filleted victim. 2 . Cookery. Cut into fillets. 1871 Daily News 29 May, Dinner, which consisted of filleted soles, boiled chicken, and cold beef. 3 . Marked or decorated with a fillet: see Fillet sb. senses 7, 9, 10 c. 1611 Cotgr., Vetade , the filletted Cockle. 1812-6 J. Smith Panorama Sc. $ Art I. 149 These kinds of piers have their shafts sometimes filleted. 1880 Print. Trades Jml. xxx. 20 The binding will be artistic, .filletted in gold, and lettered. t Filleted, ppl. a. 2 Ohs. [f- as prec. + -ED 2 .] Having fillets (see Fillet sb. 5 d) ; only in comb., as broad-, full-, narrow-filleted. 1617 Markham Caval. vi. 3 Your running Horse, .somwhat long filletted between the huckle bones, and the short ribbes. 1657 R. Ligon Barbadoes (1673) 81 The men .. are .. well filletted. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. ( 1757) II. 27 The strait or narrow filletted Horse. Ibid. 124 The muscular flesh full upon the Loins or Fillets, which is what we call Broad-filletted. Filleting (frletig), vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ing T] 1 . The action of the vb. Fillet in various senses. 1598 Vestry Bks. (Surtees) 274 To the mason for the filleting of the church, ij.r. \i\)d. 1823 P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 400 Filleting, .consists in covering the meeting-joints with fillets of slates. attrib. 1643 Vestry Bks. (Surtees) 192 Six dayes and a halfe worke in fillitting and playstering worke. 2 . concr. a. A woven material for binding; tape; a piece of the same ; a band or bandage. 1639 De Gray Compl. Horsem. 79 Take a peece of Filliting and bind it above the Pastern-joynt. 1658 A. Fox IVurtz Surg. 11. xxviii. 197, I tied .. on the roulers two fillettins. 1764 Hadley in Phil. Trans. LIV. 6 The filleting .. went round the upper part of the body. 1778 Eng. Gazetteer fed. 2) s. v. Manchester, Tapes, filleting, and linen cloth. 1882 Caulfeild & Saward Diet. Needlewk ., Filletings , an un¬ bleached and very heavy description of Holland Tape. b. A head-band ; = Fillet i. 1648 Herrick Hesper. (1844) II. 218 Put on thy holy fillitings. c. Fillets or ornamental lines, e.g. of gilding on the covers of a book. 1747 Franklin Let. 1 Sept. Wks. 1887 II. 91 The whole filleting round the cover [of the book]. Filli-, see also Fili-. Filling (frlii)\ vbl. sb. [f. Fill v. + -in a l.] 1 . The action of the vb. in various senses. Also with advbs., as filling in, out, tip : cf. Fill v. V. Only gerundial. c 1440 Promp. Parv, 160/2 Fyllynge, implecio. i486 Nottingham Rec. III. 253 Fullyng vp of \>e dyke. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong , Reinplissement , a filling. a 1610 Healey Cebes (1636) 147 They, .imagine the filling of that [the belly] the full fruite of all their expected good. 1712 J. James tr. Le Blond’s Gardening 209 This Wall being made all round, you begin the Filling in of the Bottom. 1726 Leoni Albertis A rchit. I. 38 b, One thing is proper, .for the outward Face of the Wall, another for the cramming and filling up the middle Parts. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 114 The interior filling of the walls was with rough Rubble. 1816 Chalmers Let. in Life (1851) II. 31 Such a filling up of the time as will keep you away from the evil communications. 1870 Lowell Study Wind. (1886) 190 He..does his filling-in rather shabbily. 1884 Birin. Daily Post 23 Feb. 3/4 Wanted, several Boys, used to Filling-in and Finishing. 1888 Lockzvood's Mec/t. Engin. Diet ., Box Filling , the filling up of a moulding box with its body of sand enclosing a pattern. 2 . concr. Also pi. That which fills or is used to fill a cavity or vacant space, to stop a hole, to make up a bank or road, the interior of a wall, etc. Also, t a full supply or ‘ fill * (of food, etc.). a 1400-50 Alexander 4265 pat is pe filling of fode pat ilk flesch askis. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iv. xix. (1869) 185 We hadden many goode vesselles in whiche we hadden put fillinge [empiage] of the grete tresores of Paradys. 1596-7 S. Finche in Hist. Croydon App. (1783) 153 Great flinte and chalke for the buildinge, and small for fillinge. 16x1 Bible Ex. xxviii. 17 Thou shalt set in it settings [marg. fill in it fillings] of stones. 1640 Sanderson Serin. II. 174 Binding them [the stones] with fillings and cement. 1641 Best Farm . Bks. (Surtees) 59 The foreman to lye the courses [of hay]; another to lye the fillinge and to fill after him. 1776 G. Semple Building in Water no The Bank of any common filling. 1830 J. Hodgson in J. Raine Mem. (1858) II. 174 VOL. IV. A few feet of the fillings of its foundation walls. 1851 Ruskin Stones Veit. I. xviii. § 1 The fillings of the aperture are unimportant. 1878 L. P. Meredith Teeth 74 The enamel at the margin of the filling is fractured. 1892 Daily News 17 Nov. 3/3 The excavated material will form good * filling b. Something of inferior quality put in to occupy space. 1640 Fuller Joseph’s Coat vii. (1867) l 7& [Heraldic coats] of a later edition, .are so full of filling that they are empty of honour. 1733 Swift On Poetry , The prefaces of Dryden .. meerly writ at first for filling To raise the volume’s price a shilling. 1737 Bentley Remarks Disc. Free-thinking hi. 6 § 54 Why that spiteful Character given to all Crowds ? meer Fillings of his own, without warrant from his Original. i860 Wornum Anal. Ornament 19 All such superficial decoration is .. mere filling. 1887 Pall Mall G. 25 June 12/1 The practice of putting into higher class goods .. even the smallest quantity of filling. 3 . Similarly in various technical uses (see quots.). 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade , Fillings , prepared wort, added in small quantities to casks of ale to cleanse it. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 844/1 Filling, an embankment of stone, gravel, earth, etc., to make a raised bed for a road, railroad track, or canal. An artificial, elevated way. Ibid. I. 844/2 Filling (Weaving), the weft-thread which fills up the warp. 1883 R. Haldane Workshop Receipts Ser. 11. 439 For this coat, which is called filling, use one half ground lead and any good mineral. b. Naut. (See quots.) 1794 Rigging # Seamanship 1 .24 Fillings are pieces fayed to the side of the mast, edges of the front-fish, and cheeks. 1857 P. Colquhoun Comp. Oarsman’s Guide 30 The oar or scull is ‘ filled ’ with harder wood between the shank and loom, called the upper and under fillings, c i860 H. Stuart Seamans Caiech. 67 What is termed the * filling’? .. the intervals between the frame timbers are filled up solid .. so that if the outside planks be injured a watertight surface would remain. 4 . attrib. and Comb., as filling-earth , -machine, -room, -stones. Also filling-nail (see qnot. 1850 and quot. 1867 s.v. Fill v. i d); filling-thread, one of the threads for the woof or tram ; filling- timber (see quot.); filling-transom (see quot.). 1634 T. Johnson Parey’s Chirurg. 1165 Their fellowes .. put them, yet alive, in the mines, which served them for so much ^filling earth. 1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 1 10/2 Meat Cutting and Sausage-Making Machines. .^Filling Machines. 1772-84 Cook Voy. (1790) VI. 1945 Some expert swimmers were one day detected under the ships, drawing out the *filling nails from the sheathing, c 1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 134 Filling nails are generally of cast iron, and driven very thick in the bottom planks instead of copper sheathing. 1799 Capt. Watkins in Naval Chron. I. 206 It was impossible to fill cartridges as fast as they wanted them, though the *filling rooms were crouded. 1585 Higgins tr. Junius' Nomenclator 202 The ^filling-stones, rubbish conveyed betweene the two outsides of a wall. 1639 Fuller Holy War 1. xiii. (1647) 20 Hungary might bring filling-stones to this building. 1642 — Holy Sf Prof. St. 11. xviii. 116 Their walls though high, must needs be hollow, wanting filling-stones. 1886 Pop. Sc. Monthly XXVIII. 483 To make one yard of cloth, a shuttle carrying the *filling- thread is thrown across the web perhaps 1,500 times, c 1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 118 * Filling-timbers, the inter¬ mediate timbers between the frames that are got up into their places singly after the frames are ribanded and shored. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk ., * Filling-transom, is just above the deck transoms, securing the ends of the gun-deck plank and lower-transoms. Filling (fx'liq), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2 .] That fills or is adapted to fill. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 300 Things that are Sweet and Fat, are more Filling. 1674 P. Henry Diaries am keppan, & healocum & filmenum. c 1400 Lan- franc's Cirurg. (MS. A) 241 Rethina pat is be finne skyn.. pat is clepid )>e vilm of be ize. c 1440 Promp. Pari'. 160/2 Fylme, of a notte, or oper lyke, folliculus. 1530 Palscr. 220/1 Fylme that covereth the brayne, taye. 1562 Turner Herbal 11, 31 b, Rounde comes diuided one from an other by filmes y‘ rynne betwene. 1610 Barrough Meth. Physick 1. ix. (1639) 13 The filmes and tunicles of the stomack. 1693 Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. 47 In a Wallnut .. one part goes to make a Green, Tough, and Bitter Bark, another part the Shell lin'd with Films. 1743 Lond. 4 Country Brew. in. (ed. 2) 193 Twelve Eggs, their Shells being only bruised, but the Films not broken. 1764 Harmer Obse’rv. 1. vii. 313 The papyrus, a sort of bulrush .. whose stalk was covered with several films, or inner skins, on which they wrote, t b. Applied to the tongue. Obs. rare — 1 . 1644 Bp. Hall Sernt. a June Rem. Wks. (1660) 101 This Joose and busje filme, wnicfi we carry in our mouths. 218 2 . An extremely thin pellicle or lamina of any material. 1653 Quarles Evtbl. 11. x. (1718) 102 The painted film but of a stronger bubble. 1747 Gould Eng. Ants 54 These wings are composed of exceeding fine and thin Films, a 1799 Black Led. Client. (1803) II. 677 An ingot .. appears fine, even when cut through with a chizel, because this carries a film along with it from the surface, which covers the rest. 1831 Brewster Optics xvi. 138 Even silver and gold, when beaten into thin films, are transparent. 1853 Herschel Pop. Led. Sc. vi. § 29 (1873) 245 As if the two media were sepa¬ rated by an exceedingly thin film of air. i860 Emerson Cond. Life, Fate Wks. (Bohn) II. 318 A tube made of a film of glass, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. vi. 44 The small bubbles of air ruptured the film of water. b. Often applied to the emanations from the surface of bodies (‘ Simulacra .. Quae quasi mem¬ brane summo de corpore rerum Direptoe volitant’, Lucr. iv. 35), which in the philosophy of Epicurus were supposed to be the objects of perception. 1682 Creech tr. Lucretius iv. 38 Images of Things Which like thin films from bodies rise in streams. 1692 Bentley Folly of A th. (ed. 4) 8 Those fleeting superficial films of bodies. 1785 Reid hit. Powers 11. xx, The films of Epicurus . .are the productions of human fancy. 3 . esp. A thin pellicle forming a coating or over- lying layer. 1577 Googe Heresbaclis Husb. (1586) iv. 184 The Hony.. is covered with a thinne rine, or filme. 1665 Phil. Trans. I. 34 A slimy film floated on the top of the water. 1704 F. Fuller Med. Gyrnn. (1711) 18 Cover’d with an oily Film of several Colours. 1726-46 Thomson Winter 724 An icy gale . .o’er the pool Breathes a blue film. 1784 Cowper Taskw. 292 The sooty films that play upon the bars. 1806 Med. Jrtil . XV. 148 A semi-transparent white film, which proved to be new cuticle. 1812 Sir H. Davy Cheni. Philos. 294 A reddish film which burns like phosphorus is deposited. 1851 Ruskin Stones Vcn. (1874) I. xx. 218 The pearly film of the Nautilus shell. 1863 Lyell Antiq. Man 34 The film of matter which is thrown down annually upon the plain during the season of inundation. b. Photography. A thin pellicle or coating of collodion,gelatin,etc. spread on photographic paper or plates, or used by itself instead of a plate. 1845 T hornthwaite Guide Photogr. 52 The film of isin¬ glass. .peels off and will be found to bear a minute copy of the original. 1883 Hardwick's Photogr. Chew. (ed. 9) 175 If. .the sensitive film of Iodide be allowed to lie loosely upon the surface of the Collodion, the picture will be very feeble. 1890 Woodbury Encycl. Photogr ., Film Negative Process , or film photography, is a term applied to processes in which flexible films are used instead of glass plates. 4 . A morbid growth upon the eye. Also said of the growing dimness in the eyes of a dying person ; sometimes film of death. 1601 Holland/ 7 /«y II. 367 The webs, filmes, and cata¬ racts which trouble the eyesight. 1712 Pope Messiah 39 He from thick films shall purge the visual ray. 1762 Sterne Tr. Shandy VI. x, The film forsook his eyes for a moment. 1822 Hazlitt Table-t. I. vii. 147 An odd fancy, like a film before the eye. 1877 L. Morris Epic Hades 11.104 O’er his glaring eyes the films of death Crept. fg. 1626 T. H[awkins] Cans sin's Holy Crt. 60 The euill spirit, instantly spreadeth a filme ouer theyr eyes. ^1711 Ken Psyche Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 253 From sensual Films when free’d, she saw strange sights. 1846 Grote Greece 1. xvi. (1862) I. 370 They looked at the past with a film of faith over their eyes. 5 . transf. A slight veil or covering of haze, mist, or the like. lit. and jig. 1833 L. Ritchie Wand, by Loire 31 The interminable vineyards of the Loire, already covered with the film of early twilight. 1837 Syd. Smith Let. to Singleton Wks. 1859 II. 265/1 A slight film thrown over convenient injustice. 1847 H. Miller First Impr. xiv. (1857) 244 An incipient frost, in the form of a thin film of blue vapour. 1883 Times 10 Aug. 2/3 The brown..walls show through a film of peach and almond blossoms. 0 . A fine thread or filament, as of gossamer, silk, etc. lit. and fig. 1592 Shaks. Rom. Jut. 1. iv. 63 Her Whip of Crickets bone, the Lash of Philome. 1781 Cowper Anti-Thclyph- thora 73 When, .floating films envelope every thorn, a 1822 Shelley Unf. Drama 230 Floating on the line Which, like a film in purest space, divided The heaven beneath the water from the heaven Above the clouds. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. viii. (1879) 161 They were..in undulations like films of silk blown by the wind. 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lamps iv. § 10. 102 A riband, .spoils all that is near its wretched film of an existence. 1859 I. T ay lor Logic in Thcol. 203 We must not trust ourselves to any such films of corre¬ spondence. 7 . Comb., as film-like, -winged adjs. ; also f film- broke, ruptured ; -f film-bursting, hernia ; film- fern, a fem with filmy fronds, esp. one of the genus Hymenophyllum ; film-free a., free from film, not obscured, clear. < 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 281 Men hat weren ' filme broke. • 57 8 Lyte Dodoens i. lvi. 83 The leaues pound and layde too healeth *filme [pritited filine] burstings [Fr. hergnes]. 1865 Gosse Land 4- Sea (1874) 352 Out of the crevices many species of *Film-ferns. .project their tufts of pellucid fronds. 1880 Browning Dram. Idylls , Pan eropus, and philiselles maybe affirmed to be double chain b- etts. Ibid. j To make this a philiselle, a peropus, a paragon, or a buffyn is but to alter the breadth. t Filosetta. Obs. Also fillizetta. [App. altered from It. filosello by substitution of the It. suffix -etta for -ello. But cf. Sp .filoseda mixture of silk and wool.] ? = prec. >598 Florio, Filisello, a kinde of course silke which we call, filosetta or flouret silke. 1623 J. Taylor (Water P.) Praise Hempseed 4 Shag, Fillizetta, Damaske and Mockado. Filosofe, -phie, obs. forms of Philosofhe, -y. Filot, obs. form of Fillet. tFi'lour, Obs. Forms: 4-5 fylor, -oure, -owre, 5 fillour. [Shortened ad. OF. afiiloir med.L. afflldtdrium , f. affilare : see Affile v.] A tool for sharpening steel, a hone or whetstone. c 1340 Gaw. 4 Gr. I\ nt. 2225 With a borelych bytte. .Fyled in a fylor, fowre fote large, c 1440 Promp. Parv. 160/2 Fylowre, of barbowrs crafte acutecula,Jilarium. 1483 Cath. Angl. 130/2 A Filoure, affilatorium. Hence •[ Fi'lour, v. Obs.~° trails. To whet, sharpen. 1483 in Cath. A ngl. 130/2. Filour, var. of Feloure Obs. foliage. a 1400-50 Alexander 3690 Gilden platis, Flamband all in filour & fewlis en-blanchid. [Filour, explained in some Diets, as ‘ a curtain- rod,’ is from Bk. of Curtasye 447, where fylour is prob. a bad reading for sylour, Celure.] Filozofe, -fie, obs. forms of Philosophe, -y. + FiTsen,zb Obs. Forms: 3filstnen, 4fulsun, fylsen, 5 felsen, -yn, filsom, fylsy(n. [ME. fils(t)ne-n, f. Filst sb. ; cf. -en®.] traits. To minister to, aid, support; to further, promote. c 1200 Ormin 6170 Hinim birrf l?e fillstnenn wifb pin fe, c 1220 Bestiary 44 His fader him filstnede swo Sat he ros fro dede. c 1325 E. E. A llit. P. B. 1644 pe souerayn of heuen Fylsened euer py fader. c 1400 Destr. Troy 4871 Yche freike is here frynd to filsom pere spede. <11400-50 Alex¬ ander 4669 ?e. .fage ay pe flesche & felsen it wele. + Fi'lsne, v. Obs. rare— 1 , [f. ON. fylgsni (sb. pi.) hiding-place(cf.Goth. fulhsni sing, in same sense), f. OTeut. *fulg- ablaut-var. of *felh- to hide : see Feal v.] intr. To lurk. ?<11400 Morte Arth. 881 Sire, see 30 3011c farlande, with 3one two fyrez, par filsnez pat fende. t Filst, sb. Obs. Forms : 1 fulleest, fullest, fylst, 2-3 fulst. [OE. fullist, fullest, fylst = OFris. folliste, folste, fullisU, OS. fullesti, OIIG. folleist,follist ; connected with next verb.] Assist¬ ance, support, furtherance. a 1000 Boeth. Metr. xxiii. 14 Mid Godes fylste. a 1000 Caedmon's Exod ’ 554 (Gr.) Is .. msegenwisa trum, fullesta msesU f 1175 Lamb. Horn. 113 He ne mei habben nane mihte..butan godes fulste. c 1205 Lay. 1747 pa Corine of wode com .. Brutun to fulste. f 1230 Hali Aleid. 17 Hire forme fulst is sihSe. + Filst, v. Obs. Forms: I fullacstan, fulldsten, fylstan, 2 felsten, 3 fulsten, south, vulsten, filsten. [OE. fullxstan, fullistan, fylstan = OS. fidlestian, OHG. folleisten. The word is a compound of the OTeut. vb. *laistjan to follow, attend upon; with regard to the prefixed element see Follow v.\ trails. To aid, help. C893 K. Alfred Or os. hi. xi. § io Pirrus him..fylste. ciooo Ags. Gosp. Luke v. 7 His bicnodon hyra jeferan.. \>aet hi comun ant him fylston [c xx6o Hatton felsten]. c i2oo Triti. Coll. Horn. 29 pese two J>e ben leihter and lust uulsted J>e [>ridde [>at is )?e flesliche lust, a 1275 O. E . Misc. 135 pe bet sal he )>e felsten to don al [fine wille. b. refl. To give one’s aid to. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 193 He dele *5 him fro gode and fulste 3 him to 5 e deuel. Filtch obs. f. of Filch. Filter (frltai), sb. Forms : 5-9 filtre, (6 fylter, -ture), 6- filter. Also 7 philter. [ME. filtre, a. OF. filtre, ad. med.L .filtrum : see Felt.] + 1 . = Felt sb. Also a piece of felt. Obs. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xxvi. 125 pan es he sette apon a blak filtre, with k e whilk ]>ai lift him vppe and settez him in his trone. Ibid , xxxiv. 152 pai dwell all in tentez made of blakk filtre. 2 . A piece of felt, woollen cloth, paper, or other substance, through which liquids are passed to free them from matter held in suspension. Now only with reference to chemical manipulation, where the filter is usually of unsized paper. 1563 T. Gale Antidot. n. 76b, Distill them by a fylture or thorowe a lyttle bagge, or by a peece of clothe. 1683 Pettus Flcta Min. 1. (1686) 214 Dissolve the Vitriol and purify it through a Filtre. 1769 Lane in Phil. Trans. LIX. 220 The clear liquor being decanted, the remainder was passed through a filter. 1812 Sir H. Davy Chevi. Philos. 285 The whole is then to be poured upon a filtre of cloth. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 53 Collected on a filter, washed and dried. b. 1 A twist of thread * (or a strip of cloth) 1 of which one end is dipped in the liquor to be defe¬ cated, and the other hangs below the bottom of the vessel, so that the liquor drips from it 1 (J.). Obs. exc. in capillary filter. 1559 Morwyng Euonym. 75 Distillacion by a filter, or a list of wollen cloth. 1660 Boyle New Exp. Phys. Aleck, xxxv. 263 We resolved, instead of a List of Cotton, or the like Filtre, to make use of a Siphon of Glass. 1727-41 in Chambers Cycl. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 455/2 Capil - lary filter , a simple mode of freeing water of its larger im¬ purities by means of a cord of loose fiber. c. In wider sense : Any contrivance for freeing liquids from suspended impurities; esp. an appa¬ ratus consisting of a vessel in which the liquid is made to pass through a stratum of sand, charcoal, or some porous substance. 1791 J. Peacock Patent No. 1844 The filters will be cleansed by drawing out the head or body of water or fluid. 1834 S. Bagshaw Patent No. 6708 An improved filter for water or other liquids. 1872 Baker Nile Tribut. xx. 339 Nevertheless the natives had scraped small holes in the sand, as filters. 1879 A. B. MacDowall in Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) IX. 167/2 The filter was occasionally cleaned with an exhausting and condensing pump. d. transf. and fig. 1605 Timme Quersit. 1. v. 20 The common salt.. passing thro’ the philter of the earth. 1802 Paley Nat. Theol. xii. (1803) 241 This natural filter [the bills of a duck]. 1840 Alison Hist. Europe (1850) VIII. 1 . § 39. 159 The whole information, .was strained through the imperial filters. 1873 Tristram Aloab xii. 228 A heavy conversation of ponderous compliments passed through the dragoman filter. 3 . A contrivance for arresting dust, smoke, disease- germs, etc. in the air which is breathed. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. s.vv. Filter , Air-Jitter. 4 . A material for filtering, rare. 1823 J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 26 The burning it over and over again, .produces a better filtre than at first. 1870 Tyndall in Nature 27 Jan. 341 This [cotton-wool] was the filter used by Schroeder in his experiments on spontaneous generation. 5 . attrib. and Comb., as filter-shop ; also filter- bed, a pond or tank with a false bottom covered with sand or gravel, serving as a large filter; also fig .; filter-faucet (see quot.); filter-paper, porous paper to be used for filtering ; filter-press, (a) a filter in which the liquid is forced through by pres¬ sure ; ( b ) a machine for extracting oil from fish. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 846/2 * Filter-bed, a settling pond whose bottom is a filter. 1885 Weekly Notes 7 Feb. 24/2 The water.. was filtered through filterbeds on their premises. 1892 Pall Mall G. 25 May 2/1 All that is known here of the Transvaal .. comes through the political filter-beds of Cape Town. 1874 Knight Diet. Alech. I. 846/2 * Filter- faucet, one having a chamber containing sand, sponge, or other material to arrest impurities. 1889 Pall Mall G. 2 May 7/1 The sludge is next forced into a ^filter press. 1842 Dickens Amer. Notes II. iv. 112, I have seen water like it at the *Filter shops. Filter (frltai), v. Forms : 7 fylter, 7-9 filtre, 6- filter. Also 6 philter, [ad. mod.L. filtrdre, f ..filtrum Filter sb. Cf. F .filtreri] 1 . traits. To pass (a liquid) through a filter, or some porous medium, for the purpose of removing solid particles or impurities. Also with off. Also absol. 1576 G. Baker Jewell0/Health 1. i. 2 The dropping caused by a Lyste, or piece of Woollen cloth .. which maner of dooing the Chymistes name Fyltring. 1594 Plat Jewell-ho., Chim. Concl. 23 Some use to filter this Lee divers times. 1605 Timme Quersit. 1. ix. 36 They dissolue many times, they fylter, and coagulate. 167X Grew Anat. Plants 1. i. § 31 The Sap. .not being filtred through so fine a Cotton. 1747 Wesley Prim. Physic (1762) 86 Filtre the Tincture thro’ Paper. 1784 Cowper Task 11. 507 Sages strove In vain to filter off a crystal draught Pure from the lees. x8x2-6 J. Smith Panorama Sc. 4- Art II. 355 Putrid and stinking water may be rendered sweet by filtering it through char¬ coal-powder. 1838 T. Thomson Chevt. Org. Bodies 200 We then filter, washing the blue-coloured sulphate of lime re¬ maining on the filter till it becomes red. 1853 Soyer Pan* troph. 27 The liquid was several times filtered. b. transf. and fig. 1830 Gen. P. Thompson Exerc . (1842) I. 291 The Chamber of Deputies, though filtered through every process which policy could invent. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits , First Disit Wks. (Bohn) II. 5 The passage would no doubt strike you more in the quotation than in the original, for I have filtered it. 1885 Alanch. Exam. 10 Jan. 5/3 At present his instructions to counsel are filtered through a solicitor. 1892 Pall Mall G. 4 May 1/3 Each of these images is ‘filtered* through a colour screen. c. Said of the filtering material. 1854 Woodward IIollusca (1856) 37 The sea-weed filters the salt-water. 1882 Watts Diet. Chew. II. 648 Paper which filters slowly may be improved in quality by this treatment. 2 . To cause (a liquid) to pass drop by drop, or slowly, through a porous medium (now only in passive ); also, f to give forth through the pores, exude, rare. 1583 Stanyhurst AEneis in. (Arb.) 71 The tre. .of swart blud filtred abundance. 1644 Digby Two Treat. 1. xx. 183 That streame [of atoms] .. clymbing and filtring it selfe along the stones streame. i860 Maurv Phys. Gcog. Sea x. § 466 Rivers .. some of which are filtered through soils .. which yield one kind of salts. 3 . intr. To pass as through a filter; to percolate. Also with away, down. Cf. F. Jiltrer, used re/I. and intr. in this sense. 1798 W. Blair Soldiers Friend 100 The water, .will filter through the sand. 1864 Marsh Alan 4- Nature 438 A stratum of snow, .causes almost all the water that composes it to filter down into the earth. 1882 Vines Sachs' Bot. 687 Water will filter through the cell-walls into the cavities of the wood. transf. and fig. 1821 Clare Vill. Mins/r. I. 207 The sunbeams, filtering small, Freckling through the branches fall. 1868 Yates Rock Ahead 11. iii, A perpetual stream of .. people . .would filter .. through her .. drawing-rooms. 4 . To obtain by filtering. Also transf. rare. 1794 Pearson in Phil. Trans. LXXXIV. 387 The liquid filtered from these solutions had a sweetish and bitterish taste. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. i. (1879) 5 Fine dust, which appeared to have been filtered from the wind by the gauze of the vane at the mast-head. Hence Filtered, Fi ltering ppl. adjs. Also Filterer, that which filters or serves as a filter. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Filtered, strained through a Paper, Cloth, etc. 1794 Schmeisser in Phil. Trans. LXXXIV. 421 The remaining filtered liquor was saturated with puri¬ fied pot-aslf. 1809 J. F. Archbold Patent No. 3225 It [sea water] is passed through a filterer. 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. II. 162, I love to watch thy [an hour-glass’s] filter¬ ing burthen pass. 1830 Tennyson Ode to Aletnory iv, The filtered tribute of the rough woodland. 1853 Soyer Pan- troph. 412 Eight barrels of filtered water. 1859 Cornwallis New World I. 38 The stretcher might have been directly under this water filterer. Filter, var. form of Felter v.. Philtre. Filtering (filtariq), vbl. sb. [f. Filter v. + -ING 1 .] 1 . The action of the verb Filter. 1830 M. Donovan Dom. Econ. I. 191 The filtering of this rain through the ground. 1845 J. Wilkinson Patent No. 10,984 The whole process of filtering is effected by pressure. jig. X876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. III. xlii. 235 There’s been a good filtering of our blood into high families. 2 . attrib. and Comb., as filtering-apparatus , -bag, •box, -funnel, - material, -medium, -paper, -stand, - vessel ; also filtering-basin (see quot. 1874) ; filtering-cup, a cup of porous wood used to illus¬ trate the pressure of the atmosphere ; filtering- press = filter-press ; filtering-stone, any porous stone through which water is filtered; filtering- tank = filtering-basin (Knight). *845 J. Wilkinson Patent No. 10,984 Which [a cistern] must be considerably above the level of the ^filtering appa¬ ratus. 1874 Knight Diet. Alech. I. 846/2 *L iltering-basin , the chamber in which the water from the reservoir of water¬ works is received and filtered previous to entering the mains. 1792 G. Cowen Patent No. 1920 A quantity of sand, or any other ^filtering material. 1791 J. Peacock Patent No. 1844 The ascent of the fluid through the ^filtering medium. X757 Lewis in Phil. Trans . L. 163 The colourless sorts of ^filter¬ ing-paper are preferable for this use to the coloured. 1876 Harley Plat. Med. 311 Filtering Paper is an almost pure form of cellulin. X874 Knight Diet. Mech. 1 .846/2 * Filtering* press, a press in which the passage of a liquid through a body of filtering material is expedited by pressure applied thereto; a pressure-filter. 1827 Faraday Chern. Manip. i. 17 The ^filtering stands are of this kind. x8i2 J. Smyth Pract. Customs (1821) 234 ^Filtering Stones,—Duty—for every ^100 value. 1811 J. Ashley Patent No. 3472 An improved ^filtering vessel for purifying, .water. Filth (fill 1 ), sb. Forms: i fylf>, 2-4 feltSe, 4 south, veolthe, 5 felthe, 3-4 fuIBe, 3-6 fylth(e, (3 fuylbe, 6 faylt, fylt), 3-5 fllthe, 3- filth. [OE. fylS str. fem. = OS. fiditha (Du. vuilte ), OHG. fulida :—OTeut. */Idipd, n. of quality f. *fu!o- Foul e innan weal 5 by}? utaworpen to haele sar by 5 &eopenud. c 1430 Life St. Kath. (1884) 49 J>e temporal kyng .. whiche ys now proude in hys power and to-morwe schal be fylthe and wormes. 1526 Pilgr. Pcrf. (W. de W. 1531) 240 b, He scraped y e stynkyng fylth & corrupcyon of her deed body. 1561 Hollybush Horn. Apoth. 11 To draw the fylt out of the head. 1696 Pechy tr. Sydenham's Wks. m. ii. 116 The Inflammation which the Small-Pox has impressed upon the Blood .. no less indicates Blood-letting than the filth [L. colluvies ] which has been gathered together does Purging. b. Uncleanly matter, dirt. Now only in stronger sense, expressing violent disgust : Loathsome dirt. Rarely in pi. filth of various kinds, filthy matters. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 191/52 pare feol out of eij?er ei3e Fuylj?e ase pei it were slym. a 1300 Cursor PI. 22397 (Cott.) All pe filthes of his maugh sal brist vte. c 1340 Ibid. 468 (Trin.) In pat court pat is so clene No fulpe may dwelle ne be sene. ^1430 Lydg. in Turner Dorn. Archit. III. 39 Voydynge fylthes lowe into the grounde. c 1440 Promp. Par v. 161/1 Fylthe of mannys nose, snoite, polipus. 1555 Nottingham Rec. IV. 109 He. .swffares mwke and fylthe to be powdered yn y' 3 hy strett. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 397 Waters . .found in Rising Grounds of great Cities, .must needs take in a great deale of Filth. 172X Strype Eccl. Mem. III. xxii. 180 The Chamber.. on one side of which was the Sink and Filth of all the House. 1836 Emerson Nat., Prospects Wks. (Bohn) II. 173 The sordor and filths of nature, the sun shall dry up. 1873 Ouida Pascarel I. 30 A palace with superb staircases reeking in filth. c. Vermin (f formerly pi.). In mod. use (? dial.) restricted to insect parasites. C1400 Maundev. (1839) v * 61 In that Abbeye ne entrethe not no Flye ne Todes ne Ewtes.. For there were wont to ben many suche manere of Filthes. Mod. (Yorks.) A dirty brute, with his head swarming with filth. The currant bushes are covered with filth. 3 .Jig. a. Moral defilement, vileness; corruption, pollution ; obscenity. a 1023 Wulfstan // om. (Napier) xxxiii. 161 note. To manege . .ane ewenan ^emaenum ceape bicgacL .and wiS pa ane fylpe adreo^ap an aefter anum. a 1225 Auer. R. 84 pe baebitare .. opene '5 so pet fulSe J> hit stinkeS wide, a 1300 Vox fy Wolf 165 in Hazl. E . P. P. I. 63 And liuie in fulthe and in sunne. ^1380 Wyclif Whs. (i88o> 299 pei ben blaunchid wip-oute as sepulcris, and wip-inne ful of fylpe. a Knt. de la Tour (1868) 77 The prince, .suffered suche felthe to be done. 1638 Pcnit. Conf. viii. (1657) 2 °9 The filth of sin is purged by the Laver of tears, a 1704 T. Brown Sat. agst. Woman Wks. 1730 I. 56 Wallowing in all the filth of boundless luxury. 1813 Shelley Q. Mab v. 159 Every slave now dragging through the filth Of some corrupted city his sad life, i860 Hook Lives Abps. I. v. 226 Forbidding . .all the filth of the wicked. + b. pi. Moral impurities, corrupt or impure actions, transgressions. Obs. c 1200 Vices fy Virtues (1888) 131 Holi maiden of panke, and clane of alle felSes. a 1225 St. Marher. (1862) 3 Biwite thou mi bodi the is al bitahte from fleshliche fulthen. £1340 Cursor M. 10105 (Trin.) To make me falle in fulpes fele. c 1440 York Myst. xx. 180 All filthes of flesshely synne. 1583 Satir. Poems Reform, xlv. Pref. 60 Compared to swyne returning to the myre, In thair awin filthes to get thair fames defyled. c. Foul or obscene language ; vile or loathsome imputations. 1730 Swift Traulus 1. 25 Among the rout He wildly flings his filth about. 1879 Froude Cxsar xv. 237 Instead of scolding and flinging impotent filth. 4 . Said of a person : A vile creature; a scoundrel; a slut, drab, whore. Obs. exc. dial. c 1350 Will . Paleme 2542 Lest pat foule felpe schuld have hem founde pere. 1402 Hoccleve Letter of Cupid 262 These ladyes .. were noon of thoo .. but swyche filthes as weren vertulesse. 1565 Harding in Jewel Def. Apol. (1611) 27 loan of Kent, that filth.. was she a sister of yours ? 1607 Shaks. Timon iv. i. 6. 1608 — Lear (Qo. 1) iv. ii. 39 Filths sauor but themselues. 1612 R. Sheldon Scrm. St. Martin's 65 Their filthes lie by their sides to satisfie their abhominable pleasures. 1790 Mrs. Wheeler Wcstmld. Dial. (1821) 13 Nea yan can bide wie him, an arrant filth ! 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Filth, a disreputable woman, a scoundrel. 1871 R. Ellis Catullus xlii. 13 O ugly filth, detested Trull. 5 . attrib. and Comb., as filth-disease, -ferment ; fidth-created, -fed, -sodden adjs. 1852 Dr. Guy in Ld. Ingestre Meliora I. 96 x Filth-created fever and disease. \88$ Science VI. 101/1 Typhoid-fever and other preventable *filth-diseases. 1891 Daily News 5 Oct. 5/5 How.. is the "filth-fed oyster to be distinguished ? 1891 C. Creighton Hist. Epidemics 589 Spots of soil, .so situated in cups of the hills as to retain and multiply the *filth-ferment. 1871 Napheys Prev. fy Cure Dis. 1. viii. 264 A *filth-sodden porous earth. Hence ruthless a. [-less], without filth; ttn- defiled. FiTthous a. [-ous] = Filthy. 14.. Baladein Commend, our Lady 51 (Chaucer’s Wks. 1561) Fountain al filthlesse, as birell current clere. 1546 liALE Eng. Votaries 11. (1550) 9 b, And so sent hym forth abrode .. to maynteyne all kyndes of ydolatry and fleshly fylthouse lyvynge. + Filth, V. Obs. [f. prec. sb.] trans. To make foul, defile. C1450 Lonelich Grail xliii. 21 Alle blak becomen they .. and i-fylthed.. 1598 E. Gilpin Skial. (1878) 31 Filthing chaste eares with theyr pens Gonorrhey. t Fi’lthery. Obs. rare—'-, [f. as prec. +-ery.] = Filthiness. a 1656 Ussher Ann. (1658)370 Wallowing in all filthery of gluttony and luxury. • t Fi lthhead, -hood. Ohs. Forms: a. 3 fulp- hede, 4-5 filth-, filt-, fylthede,-heed, (5 filthet). /S. 6 filthood. [f. Filth sb. + -head, -hood.] Filthiness, uncleanness. lit. and fig. Also concr. filth. To do one's filthhood : to void excrement. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 290 J>e chyld. .dude hyskunde fulfi- hede. 1382 Wyclif Lev. xviii. 7 The filth-heed [Vulg. tur- pitudinem ] of thi fader, and the filth-heed of thi moder thow shalt not discover. Ibid. Rom. i. 27 Mawlis in to mawlis worchinge filthhede. ci44otr. Girald. Hist. Irel. (E. E.T.S.) 31 The fylthede of the lond folk yn whych thay ladde har lyf. 1583 Stanyhurst VEneis 11. (Arb.) 52 With dust al powdred, with filthood dustye bedagled. Filthify (fvlpifai), v. [f. Filthy a. + -fy.] trans. To make filthy ; lit. and fig. 179° J. Williams Shrove Tuesday (1794) 13 Filthified they flounder to Remorse. 1821 Bentham Wks. (1843) X. 524 He was. .covering my clean napkin with his ‘ flag of abomi¬ nation ' filthified. 1828 Whewell in Todhunter Account of Writings, etc. (1876) II. 94 Mathematics with which Mr. Thompson has filthified his subject. Filthily (frlpili), adv. [f. Filthy a. + -ly 2 .] In a filthy manner. 1552 Huloet, ¥ WtKiXye, faide. i596DALRYMPLEtr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. n. (1587) 144 In the ix }eir of his regne, quhilke sa filthilie he had ruled. 1633 Prynne Histrio-PIastix 1. vi. iii. 366 For the liberty of doing filthily and obscenely, is next to the liberty of speaking filthily and obscenely. 1709 Steele Tatter No. 31 fi The ancient Romans would scold, and call Names filthily. 1812 Byron C/t. Har. 1. xvii, For hut and palace show like filthily. Filthiness (frlpines). [f. as prec. + -ness.] The condition of being filthy. 1 . In physical sense : Foulness, uncleanliness. ? a 1500 Wycketty 828) 15 The puttynge awaye of fylthenes of the fleshe. 1558 Bp. Watson Sev. Sacram. xiii. 78 The prieste washeth his handes, that no outward filthynes should seclude hym from the communion. 1611 Bible 2 Place, ix. 9 The filthinesse of his smell was noysome to all his army. + b. concr. Filth; spec, matter, pus. Obs. 1531 Tindale Exp. 1 John (1537) 8 Y e water once in the yeare casteth al fylthynesse unto the sydes of it. 1580 Baret Alv. F 511 The matter, or filthinesse that commeth out of a bile. 1611 Bible Isa. xxviii. 8 All tables are full of vomite and filthinesse. 1649 Dryden Upon Death of Ld. Hastings 54 Was there no milder way but the Small Pox, The very Filth’ness of Pandora’s Box? 2 . Moral corruption or pollution ; obscenity; vileness, wickedness. 1526 Pilgr. Perf (W. de W. 1531) 185 b, Than the deformite & fylthynes of synne is taken, away. 1684 Contempt. State of Man 11. x. (1699) 246 This deformity and filthiness of sin. 1741 Richardson Pamela I. 138 A Woman that seems to delight in Filthiness. 1834 Lytton Pompeii 1. vi, Men reeking with all the filthiness of vice. t Frlthish, a. Obs.~° [f. Filth sb. + -ish.] Filthy. 1530 Palsgr. 312/2 Fylthysshe as ones eyes be that haue whyte slyme in them, chassieux. Ibid., Fylthysshe as mysse women of yll \yuyng, putairie. Filthy (fi*l|>i), a. ff. Filth sb. + -y L] 1 . Full of filth ; besmeared or defiled with filth ; dirty, foul, nasty, unclean, f The filthy parts : the private parts. In early use often hardly more emphatic than the mod. dirty', it is now a violent expression of disgust, seldom employed in polite colloquial speech. Cf. the similar de¬ velopment in Filth sb. 2b; also in Foul a. 1382 Wyclif Zech. iii. 3 Jhesus was clothid with filthi clothis. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvm. xcv. (1495) 842 A serpent .. louyth fylthi places. 1553 Eden Treat. Newe lnd. (Arb.) 17 The inhabitantes .. haue almost no apparel, couering onely theyr fylthy partes. 1581 Mul- caster Positions xxxv. (1887) 132 To go home thorough stinking streates, and filthy lanes. 1682 Otway Epil. 21 Apr., From the filthy dunghill-faction bred, New-form’d rebellion durst rear up its head. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 509 p 3 The benches around are so filthy, that no one can sit down. 1832 Tennyson Pal. of Art 201 In filthy sloughs they roll. 1865 Kingsley Hercw. xiv, He was filthy and ragged. t b. Of air or clouds: Murky, thick. Obs . 1599 Shaks. Hen. V, iii. iii. 31 The code and temperate Wind of Grace O’re-blowes the filthy and contagious Clouds. 1605 — Macb. 1. i. 12 Houer through the fogge and filthie ayre. 2 . Fond of filth, delighting in filth. 1526 Pilgr. Pcrf. (W. de W. 1531) 18 The fylthy and stynkynge lust of the body. 1635 Swan Spec. PI. Pref. (1643) 1 Like a filthie flie she seeks all over the body for a soare. 1778 Bp. Louth Transl. Isaiah Notes (ed. 12) 156 The filthy animals that frequent such places. 3 . Morally foul or polluted; obscene. *535 Coverdale iii. 1 Wo to the abhominable, fylthie and cruel cite. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, 11. ii. 49 Ballads .. sung to filthy tunes. 1611 Bible Col. iii. 8 You also put off all these, anger .. filthy communication out of your mouth. 1682 Bunyan Holy War 264 Being filthy, arch, and slie they quickly corrupted the families. 1712 Addison Sped. No. 271 p 4 The Matron .. commended the Discretion of the Writer, for having thrown his filthy Thoughts into Greek. 1871 Alabaster Wheel of Lain 213 From this heaven the filthy one .. descends to the earth to tempt and excite to evil. Mod. He could not stand their filthy talk. + 4 . Disgraceful, contemptible, low, mean, scurvy, disgusting. Obs. * c 1400 Destr. Troy 10362 Neuer so filthy a fare hade fallyn in his hond. 1545 Brinklow Compl. xxiv. (1874) 65 Anty- chryst had fownd out that fylthy auricular confessyon. 1 577~87 Holinshed Scot. Chron . (1805) II. 419 This murther .. was one of the most filthiest acts that ever was done. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, hi. iii. 79 Doulas, filthy Doulas. 1610 Bp. Carleton Jurisd. 166 Taking other errours from other filthie heretiques. 1648 Milton Tenure Kings 42 The filthy love of gaine. 1728 Vanbr. & Cib. Prcrv. Ilusb. Y. ii. 97 What’s his filthy Name? 1828 Scott F. PI. Perth xvi, Thou filthy weaver of rotten worsted. b. Filthy lucre : dishonourable gain = Gr. attr- Xpov nipSos (Tit. i. 11). Sometimes jocularly used for : Money ; also absol. ‘ The filthy ’. 1526-34 Tindale Titus i. 11 Teachinge thinges which they ought not, because of filthy lucre. 1680 Hickeringill Pleroz 30. 1709 Addison TatlerNo. 116 P 7, I did not make that Judgment for the Sake of filthy Lucre. 1877 Black- more Cripps (1887) 225, I can catch my own without any appeal to ‘ the Filthy’. 5 . quasi-^. A filthy person. 1681 Otway Soldiers Fort . 1. i, Damn’d Whores, bout ye filthies. 6. quasi- adv. = Filthily. 1616 Rich Cabinet 93 b, Modesty shutteth a young mans lippes .. so that he will not talke filthy. 1650 Bulwer A nthropomet. xi. 180 Which makes them shew filthy fine. 7 . Comb. 1823 in Cobbett Rur. Rides (1885) I. 318 Filthy-looking people. 1824 J. Symmons tr. Agamcm . AEsch. 70 Where filthy-handed Mammon dwells. Filtrate (frltnJt), sb. [ad. mod.L. filtrdtum , f. filtrare: cf. Filteu v. and -ate 1 .] The liquor which has been passed through a filter. 1845-6 G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chetn. II. 125 The lead contained in solution in the filtrate was separated. 1875 Darwin Insediv. PI. vi. 89 The filtrate contained as much of the fibrin as had been digested. Filtrate (fvltrtfit), v. Also 7 filterate. [ad. mod.L .filtrdt- ppl. stem of filtrare to Filter.] 1 . trans. = Filteu v. i. 16x2 Woodall Surg. Plate Wks. (1653) 2 45 Calcine them, and after inbibe and filtrate them, etc. 1764 Harmer Observ. xxvii. iv. 192 They filtrate it [the wine of Schiras] through a cloth, and then it is very clear. 1852 Th. Ross IIumboldt's Trav. II. xxiv. 439 Leaves of the plantain, .used to filtrate the liquids, c 1865 Ld. Brougham in Circ. Sc. I. Introd. Disc. 23 The process of vegetation filtrates or distils the liquid, so as to produce, from the worst, the purest water. Jig. 1776 Johnson in Boswell Life II. 408 He never clarified his notions, by filtrating them through other minds. 1885 H. N. Oxenham Short Studies 331 A Christianity filtrated of all its sectarian dogmas. 2 . To cause to percolate; = Filter v. 2. x66x Boyle Spring of Air 11. Index, A vessel by which Air may be filtrated thorough water. X794 Sullivan View Nat. I. 68 The waters, filtrated through these bodies. 3 . intr. = Filter v. 3. 1725 Bradley Earn. Did . s.v. Milk , A white Liquor which filtrates thro’ the Glands of Women’s Breasts. 1780 Schotte- in Phil. Trans. LXX. 480 Digging a pit into the sand .. into which the water filtrates from all sides. 1834 Pringle Afr. Sk. v. 210 Through which the stream. .filtrates silently and unperceived. Jig. 1876 Tinsley's Plag. XVIII. 43 The corruptions of the higher stratum of society had been slowly filtrating to the lower. Hence FiTtrated ppl . a., FiTtrating vbl. sb. in quots. attrib. 1665 Hooke Plicrogr. 128 The filterated Oyl. 1730 Stuart in Phil. Trans. XXXVI. 356 A small Quantity of filtrated Bile. X772 Monro ibid. LXII. 30 The water being taken up by the spungy filtrating paper. x8n J. Ashley Patent No. 3472 The water.. ascends through the filtrating medium. 1836 Macgillivray tr. Humboldt r s Trav. xxiv. 350 The filtrated water losing itself in the crevices. Filtration (filtlfhjbn). Also 7 Alteration, [a. Yi. filtration, f. filtrer to Filter.] 1 . The action or process of filtering. 1605 Timme Quersit. ii. iii. 115 Chymical workings, as distillations.. filiations. 1758 Elaboratory laid open Introd. 60 Filtration is generally practised, by means either of flannel cloth, or paper. 1822 Imison Sc. <5- Art II. 7 Filtration is a finer species of sifting. 1862 Stanley Jew. Ch. (1877) I. v. 100 Vessels of stone, used, .for the filtration of the delicious water from the sediment of the river-bed. fig. 1843 Prescott Mexico 1. vi. (1864) 55 11 is not easy to render his version into .. English rhyme, without the perfume of the original escaping in this double filtration. 2 . A gradual movement like that of water passing through a filter ; percolation. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 70 For Motion the Spirits move impetuously down the Nervous filaments, .but for Sensation they onely creep by a filtration down their Coats. 1707 Curios, in Husb. fy Gard. 69 If we pursue this Sap in its in¬ comprehensible Filtration through the Pores of Plants. 1794 G. Adams Nat. fy Exp. Philos. II. xxi. 414 [The pervasive¬ ness of light and heat] has been overlooked as an accidental filtration. t Fi'ltrature. Obs.— 1 . [f. Filtrate v. + -uke.] = Filtration 2. 1670 W. Simpson Hydrol. Ess. 145 The sabulous matter., by its various filtratures and percolations. Filtz, var. form of Fitz. Fimashing: see Fumishing. Fimble (frmb’l), sb . 1 Also 5-6 femble, 6 fembull, femle, fiemble, (fyrble). [a. Du .femel, LG. Jim el, a. F. ( clianvre ) femelle, lit. ‘ female hemp this name being popularly applied to what modern botanists call the male plant.] 1 . The male plant of hemp, producing a weaker and shorter fibre than the Carl hemp or female plant. Formerly also the fibre of this as prepared for use. Also more fully, Jimble hemp. 1484 Churchw. Acc. Wigtoft, Boston (Nichols 1797) 78 Paide for femble, and for makyng thar of in bell-ropes, is. 5 d. 1577 Wills fy Inv. N. C. (Surtees) I. 415 Tenn dosen femle hempe vij/. 1577 B. Googf. Heresbach's Husb. 1. 39 b. The Female or fyrble Hempe. 1669 Worlidge^j/. Agric. (1681) 277 Gather the Fimble, or earliest Hemp and Flax. X707 Mortimer Husb. 118 The light Summer-hemp, that bears no Seed, is called Fimble hemp. 1731-59 Miller FIMBLE FINABLE, Gat’d. Diet. (ed. 7) s.v. Cannabis , The Fimble Hemp .. is the male Plants. 1877 N.-IV. Line. Gloss. , The fimble, or female hemp, was applied to. .domestic purposes. 1877 [see Carl hemp iJ. 2 . attrib. a 15*9 Invent, in Genii. Mag. Apr. (1864) 501 Ij payr of ffembull Shetts, ij 8 viij (l . 1548-9 Will0/A Peyrson (Somerset Ho.), A payre of shettes a lynnyne & a Femble. 1622-3 Ittvetii. in Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 162 note. Three [pound] of femble harne, 45. t Frmble, sb . 2 Obs. [?var. of Thimble.] App. a ring for fastening a gate. 1597 Althorp MS. in Simpkinson Washingtons App. p. xxxviii, For a hoke and fimble for Great Norrells gate. + Frmble, v. Obs. exc. dial. [app. an onoma¬ topoeic variant of Famble or Fumble, altered to express a more delicate movement.] a. intr. To move the fingers lightly and frequently over any¬ thing. b. trans. To touch lightly and frequently with the ends of the fingers. See also quot. # 1825. 1577 Dee Relat. Spir. 1. (1659) 6 She is much fimbling about the Stone on her breast. 1647 H. More Song of Soul 1. n. lxxxiii, When he the black silk rope soft fimbling felt. a 1825 Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Fimble, to pass through with¬ out cutting. Ex. * My scythe fimble the grass.’ II Fimbria (frmbria). [L .fimbria thread, fibre, fringe.] A fringe : spec. a. Anat. the fringed end of the Fallopian tube; b. Bot. (see quot. 1847). 1752 Sir J. Hill Hist. Anim. 304 There runs all round the sides of the fish a kind of fimbria. 1754-64 Smellie Midwifi I. ii. § 2. 97 The cavity of each [of the Fallopian tubes] ends in an open mouth .. from the brim of which is expanded the Fimbria. 1847 Craig, Fimbria, in Botany, the dentated or fringe-like ring of the operculum of mosses, by the elastic power of which the operculum is displaced. 1872 F. G. Thomas Dis. Women 625 The Fallopian tube of each side is connected with the ovary by one fimbria. Fimbrial (frmbrial), a. [f. prec. + -alL] Of or pertaining to a fimbria. In some mod. Diets. Fimbriate (frmbrqrit), a. fad. fimbridt-us fringed: see -ate 2.] a. Her. = Fimbriated. b. Bot. and Zool. Fringed ; bordered with hairs or filiform processes. 1829 Loudon Eticycl. Plants 33 E leucine .. Scales truncate, fimbriate. 1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 666 Tentacles long fimbriate. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 50 Dianihnsplumarius ..petals fimbriate. 1870 Rolleston Anim. Life 59 The fimbriate .. portion of the mantle. Fimbriate (frmbrqe’t), v. [f. L. fimbria fringe + -ate 3 . Cf. L. fimbria tits fringed.] trans. To finish or decorate with a border of any kind. 3486 [see Fimbriated]. 1639 Fuller Holy IVar v. xxiv. 271 Besides the divers tricking or dressing [heraldick crosses]; as piercing, voiding, fimbriating. Fimbriated (frmbrii^tcd),///. a. [f. prec. + -ED '.] a. Her. Of a bearing : Bordered with a narrow band or edge. b. gen. Having a fringe ; fringed. Chiefly in scientific applications, as Anat., Bot., Zool. a. i486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. Dja, Thys cros fimbriatit or borderit. 1586 Ferne Blaz. Gcnlric 174 He beareth B on a crosse Gewles fimbriated or bordured Argent. 1610 Guillim Heraldry 11. vii. (1611) 73 In the crosse fimbriated the edges thereof doe occupie the least portion therof. 1864 Boutell Heraldry Hist. <$• Pop. xxi. § 1 (ed. 3) 356 A pall of the last, fimbriated and fringed gold. b. 1698 J. Petiver in Phil. Trans. XX. 405 A Calyx whose Divisions are fimbriated. 1752 Sir J. Hill Hist. Anim. 153 The small, flatted, and, as it were, fimbriated Porcellana. 1797 M. Baillie Morb. Anat. (1807) 401 The fimbriated extremity of the Fallopian tubes. 1862 Darwin Fertil. Orchids vi. 283 The labellum is covered with longi¬ tudinal and fimbriated ridges. 1877 Huxley Anat. Itiv. Anim. iii. 154 Tentacles, which may be slender and conical, or short, broad and fimbriated. Fimbriation (fimbri^-Jon). [f. as prec. + -ation.] The condition or fact of being fimbri¬ ated ; in quots. cotter, a fringe or border. 1864 Boutell Heraldry Hist. <$■ Pop. xxxii. (ed. 3I 475 A red fimbriation to represent the red field of the National Flag itself. 1881 N. Y. Nation XXXII. 376 The error consists in the width of the white border or fimbriation of the St. George’s cross. Fimbriato- (fimbrqe'l'to), used as combining form of Fimbriate a. 1866 Treas. Bot., Finibriato-lacbiiate, having the edge cut up into divisions which are fimbriated. Fimbricate (frmbrikrit], a. [Erroneous var. of Fimbriate a., peril, due to association with imbricate. ] = Fimbriate a. 1846 W orcester (citing P.Cyc.), Fimbricate {Bot.), fringed; jagged. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex ., Fimbricate. Hence Frmbricated a. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 154/1 The ciliary organs or fimbricated margin of its [the oyster’s] beard. II Fimbrilla (fimbri-la). Bot. and Phys. [mod. L. dim. of Fimbria : see -il.] A minute fringe. 1884 [see next}. Fimbrilliferous (fimbrili-feres), a. Bot. [f. prec. + -(i)ferous.] Bearing small fringes. 1866 Treas. Bot., Fimbrilliferous , bearing many little fringes, as the receptacle of some composites. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fimbrilliferous , having small fringes or a fim- brilla. Fimbrillose (fbmbril(?u - s), a. [f. as prec. + -ose.] Bearing a fimbrilla. 1884 in Syd. Soc . Lex. 221 + Fimbrious, a. Obs. [f. fimbria + -ous.] = Fimbriate a. 1657 Tomlinson Rcnou's Disp. 295 With broad, mucro- nated, fimbrious, crisped leaves. 1662 J. Chandler Van Helmont's Oriat. 246 The tongue is cloathed with a fim¬ brious or seamy coat. + Fime. Obs. [ad. L. fimus dung.] Dung. 1460-70 Bk. Quintessence 11 Renewe |>e fyme oonys in [>e wike. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 319/1 Take nue Horse fime. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 203 The fime or dung of such Females as live in the Mountains. 1647 H. More Poems 73 Inward parts. .Lie close upwrapt in that dull sluggish fime. Fimetarious (fimztefriss), a. [f. L. fimet-um dunghill + -ARious.] Growing on or amidst dung. 1866 in Treas. Bot. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. Fimetic (fime’tik), a. nonce-wd. [f. as prec. + -ic.] Pertaining to or concerned with dung. 1880 Ruskin in 19 th Cent. VII. 944 The necessary ob¬ scurities of fimetic Providence. Fimicolous (fimrktfbs), a. [f. 'L.fim-us dung + col-ere to inhabit + -ous.] Inhabiting dung. 1874 Cooke Fungi (1875) 245 Only seven or eight, .do not occur on dung, whilst fifty-six are fimtcolous. Fin (fin), sb. Forms : 1 finn, 3-7 finne, (7 firm), 4-5 fyn(ne, {south, vyn(ne), 7- fin. Also 7 phin. [OE. Jinn str. masc., cognate with the synonymous MDu. vinne (mod.Du. viii) fern., MLG. finne fern.; the mod.Ger. finne is prob. adopted from LG. The L. pinna fin is prob. the same word.] 1 . An organ attached to various parts of the body in fishes and cetaceans, which serves for propelling and steering in the water. With prefixed adj., as anal, caudal, dorsal, pectoral, ventral , etc., indi¬ cating the part to which the organ is attached. Applied also to similar organs in other animals, as the flipper of a seal, the modified wing of a penguin, etc. c 1000 vElfric Lev. xi. 9 Ne ete ge nanne fisc buton j?a ]>e habbab Annas & scilla. a 1225 St. Marker. 9 pe fisches bat i f>e flodes fleoteS wi (5 finnes. ^1300 K. Alis. 6591 They liveth, so theo heryng .. Feet and hond buth heore vynnes. ^ 1400 Rom. Rose 7008 Swimme. .Bet than a fish doth with his finne. £1450 Two Cookery-bks. 104 Take a Sturgeon, and kut of the vyn fro the tayle to J? e hede, on [>e bakke. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 1. 107 The .. fish had on euery side a wing, and toward the taile two other lesser as it were finnes. 1671 Milton P. R. ii. 345 All fish .. of shell or fin. 1699 Hacke Coll. Voy. 11. 62 Penguins, .have..only two Fins or Flaps, wherewith they are helped to swim. 1802 Paley Nat. Theol. xii. (1803) 253 If you cut off the pectoral fins, i. e. the pair which lies close behind the gills, the head falls prone to the bottom. 1883 W. H. Flower in Encycl. Brit. XV. 395/1 Baleenoptcra [has] a small falcate dorsal fin. b. {Fish) of every fin : = of every species. Cf. Feather. 1725 Pope Odyss. xix. 134 Fish of every fin thy seas afford. c. A finned animal; a fish. 1549 Latimer 6 th Serin, bef Ed7u. VI (Arb.) 178 Wee .. haue not caught one fynne. 1881 Leicestersh. Gloss., Theer ’asn’t a fin i’ the stank. 1893 Daily News 15 Dec. 5/3 It is to be hoped that Mr. Watson will add fins to fur and feathers. + d. Phrase, to put out one's fins : fig. ? to bestir oneself eagerly. 1461 Marg. Paston in Lett. No. 369 I. 544 And now he and alle his olde felaweship put owt their fynnes, and arn ryght flygge and mery. 2 . Something resembling a fish’s fin. a. jocularly. The arm and hand (of a man), or simply the hand. 1785 Grose Diet. Vulg. Tongue, Fin, an arm. 1801 Nelson in A. Duncan Life (1806) 140/ I am Lord Nelson ; see, here’s my fin .shewing the stump of his right arm. 1855 Smedley II. Coverdale ii. 12 Lend us a fin, old man, for I feels pre¬ cious staggery-like. Mod. {slang). Tip us your fin (= shake hands). + b. The lid (of the eye). Obs . 1604 Marston Malcontent 1. iii, Here’s a knight, .shall.. ride at the ring Till the fin of his eyes look as blue as the welkin. 1623 Webster Duchess of Malfy 11. i, The fins of her eye-lids look most teeming blue. c. The baleen of a whale (jobs.). Hence, a blade or thin strip of whalebone. 1634 T. Johnson Parey's Chirurg. xxv. xxi. 1013 The finnes that stand forth of their [whales’] mouths, which are commonly called Whale-bones, being dryed and polished, serve to make buskes for women. 1706 Loud. Gaz. No. 4238/4 Cut-Whalebone .. in Fins. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade , Fin, a blade of whalebone. 3 . A projecting part. + a. A lobe of the liver or lungs. Obs. rare. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 131 In bruite beasts it [the Liuer] is diuided into foure, fine, or six Lobes or Finnes. Ibid. 385 Each Lung is diuided into two Lobes or Finnes. b. A sharp lateral projection on the share or the coulter of a plough. 1653 Blithe Eng. Improv. Impr. 197 Be carefull in keep¬ ing your .. Share phin as sharp as may be. 1677 [see Chep], 1717 Diet. Rust. s.v. Plough , Some set on the right side of the Coulter a small Wing or Fin, which cuts in two the bottom of the Roots. 1759 tr. DuhameTs Husb. 1. viii. (1762) 44 A hollow plow-share, .has a fin both ways ; which fins must also begin at the point. 1807 Vancouver Agric. Devon (1813) 115 When the land is designed to be ploughed clean. .a long pointed share, with a small fin or wing, is used. c. Mech. (see quots.). 1874 Knight Diet . Mech. I. 846/2 Fin, a slip inserted longitudinally into a shaft or arbor, and left projecting so as to form a guide for an object which may slip thereon, but not rotate. Ibid. I. 847/1 Fin, a tongue on the edge of a board. 1876 Aitken Guns {Brit. Manuf Industr.) 21 Presses fitted up with cutting-out tools, punch out, trim, and relieve the stampings from the superfluous metal, or ‘ fins ’ left after stamping. 4 . dial. The herb restharrow. Also fin-weed. 1649 Blithe Eng. Improv. Impr. xviii. (1653) 120 They bear plenty of.. Phins, Moss, and Shargrase. 1790 W. Mar¬ shall Midi. Count. Gloss., Fin , anonisarvensis, rest-harrow. 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 204 Where the blushing fin weed's flower Closes up at evening hour. 5 . attrib. and Comb. : a. simple attributive, as fin-apparatus , -membrane ; b. objective, as fin- cutting vbl. sb.; c. parasynthetic and similative, as fin-shaped , -tailed , -winged ; fin-like adjs. 1847-9 Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 173/2 The connexion which exists between the *fin-apparatus and the body of Clio. 1886 Pall Mall G. 16 Aug. 5/2 Discovering that the pike gorged our perch ravenously with and without their fins .. we gave up the ^fin-cutting. 1666 Dryden Ann. Mirab. 157 Ere .. *fin-like oars did spread from either side. 1889 T. H. Emerson Eng. Idylls 43 He stood in his boat rubbing his fin-like hands. 1874 Wood Nat. Hist. 569 The *fin- membranes are brown. 1835-6 Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 651/2 *Fin-shaped caudal processes. 1892 Ld. Lytton King Poppy Prol. 319 Tritons stall Their *fin-tail’d steeds in azure caverns. 1820 Shelley Vision of Sea 150 A blue shark.. The *fin-winged tomb of the victor. 6. Special comb.: fin-back = Finner ; also attrib., as finback calf, whale ; also fin-backed whale ; fin-fish = Finner; fin-foot, {a) a swim¬ ming-foot ; a pleiopod; {b) a name for birds of the genera Heliornis or Podica ; fin-footed a., Ornith. {a) web-footed ; {b) having the toes furnished with flaps or lobes, lobate-footed; {c) 'in Mollusca, pteropod* {Cent. Did.); fin-keel, a keel shaped like a dorsal fin inverted ; fin-leg, the leg of an aquatic insect, used as a fin ; fin-ray, one of the hard spiny or soft jointed processes which support the skin of the fins; f finscale, another name for the Rudd ; fin-spine, a spine or spiny ray of a fish’s fin; fin-spined a., having spiny fins, acan- thopterygious ; fin-toed a. = fin-fooied {b) ; fin- weed (see sense 4) ; fin-whale Finner. 1725 Dudley in Phil. Trans. XXXIII. 258 The ^Finback Whale is distinguished from the right Whale, by having a great Fin on his Back. 1851 H. Melville Whale xxxi. 151 The Fin-back is not gregarious. 1843 Zoologist I. 33 *Fin- backed whale {Balxnoptera boops). 1694 Narborough in Ace. Sev. Late Voy. 11. 3 A *Fin-fish swam by our Ship. 1787 Hunter in Phil. Trans. LXXVII. 375 When they [whales] are of a certain size, they are brought to us as Porpoises; when larger, they are called Grampus, or Fin- fish. 1843 Zoologist I. 34 It [a whale] is well known among fishermen .. by the names of finner, fin-back, fin-fish. 1849 tr. Cuviers Anim. Kingd. 423 Which appendages .. are used in swimming, or are *fin-feet. 1886 Encycl. Brit. XX. 223/2 The .. group formed by the .. Heliornis, and the .. Podica.. to which the name ‘Finfoots’ has been applied. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. i. 234 It [the Pelecan] is .. ^fin-footed like Swannes. 1804 Bewick Brit. Birds (1847) II. 153 Linneeus. .describes it as a genus distinct from .. waders in general, on account of its being fin-footed. 1893 Westm. Gaz. 21 Feb. 11/2 Boats .. exhibiting all the most recent devices in bulb and *fin keels. 1843 Zoologist I. 57 The *fin-legs could not be well made out. 1863 Spring Lapl. 162 The same, both in shape, colour, number of scales, and *finrays. 1677 Plot Oxfordsh. 184 A Fish of the squam- mous kind, which they call a *FinscaIe, somwhat like a Roach. 1771 Forster in Phil. Trans. LXI. 318 note , The fish .. is supposed to be the same with the rud or fffiscale. 1876 Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. xiii. 228 Detached *fin-spines known to the palaeontologist as ichthyodorulites. 1674 Ray Collect. Eng. Words 91 Such whose toes are divided, which I may call *Fin-toed. 1847 Hill in Gosse Birds of Jamaica 439 A bird with fin-toed feet. 1885 S. Tromholt Aurora Borealis II. 283 The family of whales which have been named fin’ whales, from a fin on the back. Fin (fin), v. [f. prec. sb.] 1 . trans. a. To cut off the fins from (a fish), b. To cut up (a chub). 1513 Bk. Keruynge in Babees Bk. (1868) 265 Fynne that cheuen. 1799 Sportin° blag. XIV. 10 Fin a chub, cut him U P* 1853 Fraser's Mag. XLVIII. 694 When he puts the slice into a fish, he truncheons eel, fins chub, [etc.]. 2 . nonce-use. To keep supplied with fish. Cf. Fin sb. 1 c. 1808 J. Barlow Columb. viii. 484 Swarms .. Repeople still the shoals and fin the fruitful tide. 3 . U.S. Of a fish : To wound with its fins. Also intr. of a whale, To fin {out) : to lash the water with its fins when dying. 1889 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 15 Feb., He had never been bitten by a dog, but. .had been finned by fish. Hence Frnning vbl. sb., in quot. attrib. (sense 1 a). 1883 Fisheries Exhib. Calat. 197 Finning and flitching knives. Fin, obs. f. Fine. Finable, fineable (fai-nab’l), a. 1 [f. Fine v. + -able.] Liable or subject to a fine. 1 . Of a person, also of an offence : Liable to be punished by a fine. 1485 Act 1 Hen. VII. c. 7 The said Offences of Huntings . .[shall] be. .but Trespass finable. 1592 in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. xv. 276 All suche aliantes and straungers beinge founde withe a faulte. ; shall be fyneable. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. lxix. (1739) 180 Before this Law, this crime was but finable. 1761 Hume Hist. Eng. I. App. i. FINABLE 222 FINANCE. 100 If any of them, .give him assistance they are finable to the king, i860 YVynter Curios. Civiliz. 503 The Legis* lature should make it a fineable offence to work a dry stone without a fan. 2 . Of a tenure : Subject to the payment of a fine on renewal. Of a tenant: Liable to pay such a fine. Also of a writ: On which a fine or fee has to be paid. # c 1600 Norden Spec . Brit., Cornw. (1728) 25 Their tenure is ad voluntatem Domini, and at euery taking finable at the Lordes pleasure and heriotable. 1611 Cotgr., Questablc, finable, taxable, as some tenants are at the pleasure of their Lords. 1641 rennes de la Ley 84 b, Some Copyhold is fineable. .that which is fineable, the Lord rateth at what fine he pleaseth. 1646 Grant in Ld. Campbell Chancellors (1857) HI* lxvii. 308 A grant was made, .of all such part of fineable writs, .as former Lord Keepers have had. Hence Finableness. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Finableness, liableness to be fined, or to pay a Fine or Amercement. Finable (fai'nab’l), a. 2 [f. Fine v .2 + -able.] Capable of being clarified, refined, or purified. In mod. Diets. t Fi nably, adv. Obs. [f. OF. finable final + -ly 2 . Cf. OF .finablement.'] = Finally. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 361/1 In such wise..finably she myghte come to heuen. 1541 R. Copland Galyeu’s Tera - peutyke D iv, Fynably of the Elebore what it is. Final (foi'nal), a. and sb. Also (4 fenal), 4-6 fynal ( 1 , 4-7 finall(e. [a. F. final , ad. L. final-is of or pertaining to an end, f. finis end.] A. adj. 1 . Coming at the end (of a word, a series). X S3° Palsgr. Introd.28 Every feminyn plurell endeth in S, added to the E fynall of his singular. 1821 Shelley Hellas note, The final Chorus is indistinct and obscure. 1838 De Morgan Ess. Probab. 202 A colon placed after the final letter. 1865 Geikie Seen. <$• Geol. Scot. xiii. 340 In this final chapter let me present the reader with a brief summary. 1881 Foot¬ ball Annual 91 In the final tie they were beaten by the Walsall Swifts. + b. Her. in quadrate final, according to Ferae a field bearing a 1 token of arms ’ other than a representation of a living creature. Obs. [i486 see FiNiALrt.) 1586 Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 206 The armes called Quadrates were nine in number, and they were either final!, or Royall. C. Law. Final process (see quot.). Final proof : (U.S.) the process observed in paying for pre-empted land after six months’ occupancy. 1768 1 i lackstone Comm. III. xix. 279 Mesne process is., sometimes put in contradistinction to final process, or process of execution. 1884 Milnor (Dakota) Teller 5 Sept., He., makes final proofs and attends to all business of that kind. 2 . Marking the last stage of a process ; leaving nothing to be looked for or expected ; ultimate. * 3^5 Chaucer L. G. IF. 2101 Ariadne, This is the fynal ende of al this thyng. c 1440 Gold. Lordsckipcs (E. E. T. S.) 48 He made many morales epistels to Aristotel of greet delyt to haue his secree fynal. 1504 Atkynson tr. De Imitatione in. lxiv, Dyrecte it by thy grace contynually in this lyfe vnto the fynall countrey of euerlastyng peace, a 1535 More Wks. 578/1 By his word electes, he meneth the finall and eternall electes. 1649 Milton Eikon Pref., A Person, .who hath .. payd his finally 42 The very causes final of these Rebellions.. have been to depose her Majesty from her Crown. ^ 1606 Sir G. Goosecappe in. ii. in Bullen 0 . PI. HP 53 Wer’t not for women, who of all mens pompes Are the true final causes. 1878 Morley Condorcet Crit. Misc. 76 All predispositions are destined to develope themselves according to their final purpose. [See also Cause sb. 4 b.] B. sb. 1 . The adj. used absol. + a. For final =» finally, conclusively. In final = in conclusion {obs.). b. That which comes last; completion, end, finish. Now rare. c x 374 Chaucer Troylus iv. 145 Thembassadours ben an¬ swered for fynal. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 383 And now to speke as in finall Touchend that I undertake. 1582 N. Liche- field tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. 20 b, Those two Pilots had.. trauailed to bring to finall and execution their diuellish intent. 1617 Collins Def. Bp. Ely II. x. 427 The heele is the finall, the bottome of Gods workemanship. 1854 Syd. Dobell Balder xxv. 186 Finish each stern power To such an exquisite final that it ends A plumed feeling. 2 . In various applications due to elliptical uses of the adj.: e. g. a. The final letter of a word. + b. Music. (see quot. 1885). c. Athletics. The deciding game, heat, or trial, d. The last of a series of examinations; also pi. (Oxford colloql). 1609 Douland Omith. Microl. 15 Euery Song ending in the Finals, is regular and not transposed. Ibid. 41 Euery crooked Finall, whether it ascend or descend, is a Breefe. 1627 Abp. Ussher Lett. (1686)383 Without any difference of Initials and Finals. 1880 A. Gibson ( title ), Aids to the Final [Law examination j. 1880 Amateur Athletic Assoc. Laws for Meetings 21 The best three competitors of the first trial shall be allowed three more tries each for the final. 1885 W. S. Rockstro in Encycl. Brit. XIX. 169/1 The intervals of each ‘mode’ [of plain chant] are derived from a fundamental sound, called its ‘ final.’ (Note. Analogous to the tonic or key-note of the modern scale.) 1894 Grant Allen in Westm. Gaz. 20 June 2/1 Taking a pass degree in Finals. Mod. The initials and finals of these words form a double acrostic. Hence Fi nalism, the belief that the end or limit lias been reached. Finalist, one who believes that the end or limit has been reached. 1883 J. Parker Tyne Ch. 18 The infallibility of this finalism was most obnoxious to a mind so strong-minded. 1883 — Apost. Life II. 265 They were not finalists; they felt that something more might be possible. || Finale (ffna-L). [It. finale adj. (used subst.) L. finalem : see pree.] 1 . Music, a. i The last movement of a symphony, sonata, concerto, or other instrumental composi¬ tion.’ b. ‘ The piece of music with which any of the acts of an opera are brought to a close’ (Grove). [1724 Explic. Foreign Words in Music 31 Fin, Finis , or Finale, is the End or last Note of a Piece of Musick.] 1783 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 1 Jan., The conclusion [of the opera] is a long historical finale. 1784 New Spect. No. 21. 3/2 Several of them [the new airs] were encored, as was the finale. 1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam. II. 147 He has treated me with the overture of the piece, .we shall have a grand ffuxle at home. 1837 Dickens Pickw. ii, The finale concluded, the dancers promenaded the room. 1866 Engel Nat. Mus. i. 10 Weber, .has introduced in the Finale of the first act, an Arabian melody. 1875 Ouseley Mus. Form x. 51 A fugue on the original theme will often make a good finale to a set of variations. fig. 1810 Bent ham Packing ( 1821) 57 This, the finale of his praises, sounded in his ears .. by his sergeant trumpeter [etc.]. 2 . The last scene or closing part of a drama or any other public entertainment. 1814 Byron Let. 14 Feb. in Moore Life , It doubtless gratifies me much that our finale has pleased, and that the curtain drops gracefully. 1851 Longf. in Life (1891) II. 209 Scherb has promised to read his lecture on Faust by way of finale. 3 . The conclusion, end ; the final catastrophe. 1785 Mrs. A. M. Bennett Juv. Indiscr. (1786) II. 114 Her finale of the matter was, that [etc.]. 1816 Gentl. Mag. LXXXVI. 1. 60 In the real battle .. we are most pleased with the finale. 1821 Syd. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 340/1 It seems to us no bad finale of the pious labours of those who [etc.]. 1878 Bosw. Smith Carthage 166 The natives remembered the crucifixion of 3000 of their countrymen, the finale of their, .attempt at revolt. Finable, v. intr . noncc-wd. [f. prec.] To con¬ clude, wind up. 1797 Mrs. A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl (1813) I. 199 Mrs. Brown .. generally finaled with, ‘ God knew, hundreds soon went ’. Finality (foinarliti). [ad. Fr .finalite, ad. late L. findlitateniy i.ftnalis: see Final and -ity.] + 1 . An end in view; a guiding object. Obsr~ 1 1541 R. Copland Galyen's Tcrapcutyke 2 D iv b, Thou shalt prepose two fynalytees of curacyon. 2 . The relation of being an end or final cause ; the principle of final cause viewed as operative in the universe. 1859 Darwin in Life <$• Lett. (1887) II. 247 On the con¬ trary he [Naudin] brings in his principle of finality. 1877 E. Caird Philos. Kant 11. xii. 486 A relation between the parts of a living being, which can only be expressed by the category of finality. 3 . The quality, condition, or fact of being final; the condition of being at the limit; also the belief that something is final. (First used in this sense with regard to the Reform Bill of 1832.) 1833 Croker in Croker Papers (1884) II. 200 Althorp’s explanations as to the finality .. of the Bill. 1842 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces (1874) 160 Instead of approaching finality, the more we discover the more infinite appears the range of the undiscovered. 1846 S. B. Williams Princ. Railw. Managem. 26 Let us not devise our future works and arrange¬ ments with the idea of ‘finality’ to cramp our exertions. 1873 C. M. Davies Unorth. Lond. 167 They claim finality for the revelation of Emmanuel Swedenborg. 1878 Bayne Purit. Rev. i. 21 Calvin, .fell into the error of finality. b. concr. Something that is final, a final action, state, or utterance. *833 Jeffrey in Ld. Cockburn Life I. 352 I have just taken my last peep into that, .heart-stirring House of Commons.. There is something sad in these finalities. 1859 Hawthorne Fr. 6* It. Jmls. II. 293 I cannot bear to say that word as a finality, i860 O. W. Holmes Elsie F. 225 Each propa¬ gandist ready with his bundle of finalities. 4 . atlrib. 1839 Tails Mag. VI. 630 John Russell. .To Reform he has been detrimental .. He is our own Finality John. 1844 Disraeli Coningsby vi. iii, Odious distinctions were not drawn between* Finality men and progressive Reformers. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits , Lit. Wks. (Bohn) II. 115 The perceptive class and the practical finality class are ever in counterpoise. Hence Fina'lityship, nonce wd. (cf. quot. 1839 in 4). 1839 Tail's Mag. VI. 631 The vehement patriotic desire, entertained by his Finalityship [Lord J. Russell], to keep out the Radicals and the Tories. Finally (foi’nali), adv. Also 4 fynaly, 5-6 -ally, 5 fynallich. [f. Final a. 4- -ly 2 .] 1 . In the end, lastly, at last, ultimately. 4:1374 Chaucer Troylus iii. 1006 For J?er-with mene I fynaly he peyne.. Fully to slen. c 1400 Beryn 1521 Fynallich, to the end of hir accordement. 1447 Bokenham Scyntys (Roxb.) 2 What was the entent Of the auctour fynally. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon lix. 206 Fynally the forse of the paynyms was so gret that at length theycoude notabyde it. a 1610 Healey Cebes (1636) 134 And finally, confirmeth the body in perfect soundnesse. 1729 Butler Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 36 Evil prevailing finally over good. 1825 J. Neal Bro. Jonathan I. 8 Finally, after having beaten him at everything else, he beat him at his own .. game, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. ix. 64 We finally swerved to the right. b. Indicating the last point or conclusion of a discourse, treatise, etc. 1526 Pilgr. Perf (W. de W. 1531) 2 Fynally, I beseche all . .to pray for me wretche. 1611 Bible 2 Cor. xiii. 11 Finally, brethren, farewell. 1743 J. Morris Serm. vii. 206 Finally, let us all fear God. quasi-jA 1874 Aldrich Prud. Palfrey x. (1885) 164 The poor old parson’s interminable ninthlies and finallies. 2 . So as to make a complete end ; in a manner not to be reversed or altered; once for all, de¬ cisively, conclusively. 4:1400 Destr. Troy 10802 Lest his folke in the feld were fynally distroyet. 1512 Act 4 Hen. Fill c. 18 § 14 All manner of Officers, .[shall] be utterlye acquyted & fynallye discharged for ever. 1650 Fuller Pisgah in. ix. 430 Devils he cast out of men so finally, that they entred no more into them. 43:1716 South Serm. (1737) II. 229 Many men are finally lost. 1801 Foster in Life Corr.( 1846) I. 130 Finally settle the great account. 1884 Manch. Exam. 28 May 5/4 The arrangement, .would, .deal finally and effectually with a national question. Finance (fi-, foinarns), sb.^ Forms : 5 fenaunce, 5-6 fin-, fynaunce, (5 fynance), 5- finance, [a. OF. finance, n. of action f. finer to end, to settle a dispute or a debt, pay ransom, to bargain for, to furnish, procure, f. fin : see Fine sb. The senses now current are adopted from mod.Fr. Johnson 1755 and some mod. Diets, mark the stress on the first syllable, though all editions of Bailey 1721-90) have the stress on the second syllable, which is now usual.] f 1 . Ending, an end. Obs. rare, a 1400 Coik Myst. (1841) 223 God, that alle thynge dede make of nowth .. puttyst each creature to his fenaunce. 1616 in Bullokar. + 2 . a. Settlement with a creditor; payment of a debt ; compensation or composition paid or exacted. Obs. c 1400 Beryn 2534 To make for yeur wrongis to 3ew ri3te hi}e fenaunce. 14.. Lament. Mary Magd. ( Chaucer's Wks. 1561), There is no more, but dethe is my fynaunce. 4:1470 Henry Wallace vm. 926 Thar finance maid, delyuerit gold full sone. t b. esp. A payment for release from captivity or punishment; a ransom. Phrase, to put to {one s') finance = Fr. mettre cl finance. Obs. 1439 Rolls Pari. V. 22/1 Where as the seid Countesse .. hath made a Lone of a MCC//. to the seid Erie of Somerset, for the payment of his fenaunce. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 14 The said King Johan was put to finaunce and raunsom of thre millions of scutis of gold. 1523 Ld. Burners Froiss. I. cccxi. 193 Y° other knyghtes .. were put to their fynaunce. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 120 The sayde Foulkes after he had lyen a certaine of tyme in prison, was for his finance delivered. 1597 Guistard <$- Sismond B ij, I for your finaunce give that ye love best. + 3 . Supply (of goods); stock of money; treasure, substance. To make finance [ = OY. fair c finance ] : to furnish supplies. Obs. 147S Bk. Noblesse q Thoroughe lak of provision of men of armes, tresour, and finaunce of suffisaunt nombre of goodes. 1489 Act Dom. Cone. 129 That nain of thaim .. supple the said James in making of fynance or vtherwais. 1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) iv. xxi. 225 Vf the procurer or tuter of ony faderlesse chyldren gyueth theyr fynaunce unto usurye. 1692-1732 in Coles. + 4 . Borrowing of money at interest. Obs. 1552 Chamberlain Let. 8 Jan. in Strype Eccl. Mem. II. xiii. 349 The Emperor .. sought. .to have what he could by finance and other means. 1721 Strypte Ibid. II. xiii. 350 There was no money to be had at finance in Antwerp under 16 in the hundred for one year. f 5 . A tax ; taxation ; the revenues of a sovereign or state (in pi. passing into 6). Obs. 1489 Caxton Faytes of A. iii. xiv. 200 A prynce .. ought before hande to .. see where and how hys fynaunce shal be made and taken. 1548 Hall Chron. (1809) 161 In like robes folowed the Lordes .. of the finaunce. 4:1598 Lambarde Office of Alienations in Bacon’s Wks. 1778 II. 401 All the finances or revenues of the imperial crown, .be either extra¬ ordinary or ordinary. 1670 Cotton EsPernon 11. vii. 306 Bulion. .Sur-Intendant of the Finances. FINANCE. 223 FIND 6. pi. The pecuniary resources, a. primarily, of a sovereign or state; b. transf. of a company or an individual. a. 178! Gibbon Decl. F. II. 33 To their wisdom was committed the supreme administration of justice and of the finances. 1845 McCulloch Taxation in. ii. (1852) 444 The management of the finances of a great nation. b. 1739 Cibber Apol. (1756) I. 169 The finances of the other house held it not above one season more. 1766 Cowper Wks, (1837) XV. 13 My finances will never be able to satisfy these craving necessities. 1783 Fox Sp. E. India Bill 1 Dec. in Sp. (1815) II. 247 The finances of the East India company. 184a Barham Ifigol. Leg., Sir Rupert 16 These, and a few less defensible fancies Brought the Knight to the end of his slender finances. U c. Expenditure. ? nonce-use. # 1730 Gay Let. to Swift 6 Dec. (1766) II. 118 The duchess is a more severe check upon my finances than ever you were. 7 . The management of money, esp. public money; the science which concerns itself with the levying and application of revenue in a state, corporation, etc. \ Man of finance — Financier. 1770 Junius Lett, xxxix. 201 His first enterprise in finance. 1814 We llington in Gurw. Desp, XII. 119 The law on finance yesterday passed the House of Peers. 1816 Bf.ntham Law Taxes Wks. 1843 II. 581 It is too much to expect of a man of finance, that [etc.]. 1845 McCulloch Taxation 111. i. (1852)^17 No scheme of finance can be bottomed on sound principles which disguises these necessary conse¬ quences of war. 8. attrib. and Comb., as finance-chamber, com¬ mittee, -minister (sense 7) ; •)* finance-making vbl. sb. (sense 2 b). 1845 S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref III. 251 The emperor had .. been required to restore to the empire its ^finance chambers (Kammern). 1807 Morn. Chron. in Spir. Publ. Jmls.ff&o’S) XI. 112 That ^Finance Committee, a 1467 Gregory Chron. 152 Withowte anny of *fynaunce makynge or ramsom. 1790 Burke Fr . Rev. Wks. 1808 V. 405 The plain obvious duty of a common ^finance minister. 1845 McCulloch Taxation hi. iii. (1852) 468 Ourfinance ministers can claim no credit for peculiar .. ability in this respect. t Finance, sb . 2 Sc. Obs. Also 6 fynance. [? a. AF. *finance, i. finer to refine, f. fin Fine a.~\ Fineness (of precious metals). 1473 Sc. Acts Jas. Ill (1814) II. 105/1 J>e new pennyis.. haue |?e course, .vnto fr>e t} T me [>at \>e fynance of [?ame be knawne. 1478 Ibid. (1814) II. 118/2 His hienes. .sail, .mak a sett & Reuyle [rule] of his moneye baith gold & siluer of [>e wecht & finance J>at It sail halde. 1555 Sc. Act. Mary (1814) II. 499/1 That na goldsmyth mak .. siluer vnder the iust fynance of elleuin penny fyne vnder the pane of deid. Finance (fi-, fsinae’ns), v. [f. Finance jA 1 ] + 1 . a. trails. To put to ransom, b. intr. To pay ransom. Obs. 1478 Plumpton Corr. p. lxii, Some of them labored and treated by them to make them fynance, as they had bene the Kings enemies. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vn. 362 [They] caryed away with theym many of the cytezeyns, beynge ryche, and fynauncyd theym at great summes of money. 2 . trails. To furnish with finances or money; to find capital for. 1866 l 'imes 2 Feb. 7/5 To finance a business .. a new verb . .is to supply it with capital to make a daring speculation. 1883 F. P. Henry in Law Times 28 July 247/2 It was alleged that Manning .. had financed or backed Hannam, a cattle dealer, lending him money to trade with. 3 . intr. To conduct or engage in financial opera¬ tions, to manage monetary affairs ; to provide one¬ self with capital. 1827 [see next]. 1885 Daiby Hews 12 Feb. 5/7 He financed, in the most successful manner, with paper money. Hence Financing vbl. sb. ; also attrib. 1827 Hone Every-day Bk. II. 12 They [our ancestors] had no counting-houses, no ledgers, no commerce, no. .financing. 1866 Morn. Star 17 Mar., The old board allowed this man to do what was sometimes called financing. 1881 Carlyle in Froude Life in Lond. II. xxiv. 481 Those millions you have heaped together with your financing work, Financeer, var. of Financier v. t Fina*ncer. Obs. [f. as prec. + -er 1 .] = Fi¬ nancier 1. a. 1630 R. Johnsons Kingd. Sf Comntw. 166 His Financers and Officers used for the collection. 1656 Blount Glossogr, Financer, an Exchequer-man, Receiver, Under-Treasurer or Teller in the Exchequer. 1666 Lond. Gaz. No. 37/2 The Financers and Partisans were here [Paris] for some time in a little ease. 1769 Goldsm. Hist. Rome 1 .421 The financers or farmers of the public revenue. Financial (fince-n|al),\i). v. Also financeer. [f. prec. sb.; first in vbl. sb. and ppl. financiering, after engineering, etc.] a. intr. To play the part of a financier ; to conduct financial operations. Chiefly in contemptuous use; now often {esp. in U.S.), to swindle, cheat. Also quasi-trans. to financier away , out of. b. trans. = Financed. 2, Hence Finan- cie*ring vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 1800 Morn. Chron. in Spirit Pub. Jrnls. (1801) IV. 163 Your financiering genius. 1822 Examiner 290/1 The un¬ speakable financiering of the ‘ heaven-born ’. 1843 Blackw, Mag. LIV. 245 The financiering economist of‘cheese parings and candle ends ’. 1864 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. IV. xvi. vii. 339 Expenditures and financierings. 1865 Ibid. VI. xx. vi. 147 Endless sore business he doubtless has, of recruiting, finan¬ ciering, watching and providing. 1864 Sala in Daily Tel. 27 Sept., At least one-fifth of the five millions of dollars .. has been ‘ financiered' away to private uses. 1865 —Diary in Amer. I. 129 He tried hard .. to financeer us out of an additional forty cents. 1884 N. V. Herald 27 Oct. 4/3 Rail¬ road construction and financiering. 1892 Harper s Mag. Feb. 429/2 This region .. does its financiering in Chicago. 1894 Daily News 3 Oct. 6/5 Intent upon persuading her husband to financeer the Onofalga Company. Financist (finae’nsist). [f. Finance sb. 1 + -1st.] = Financier sb. 2 and 3. 1881 Daily Ne'ws 18 Nov. 5/4 Financists hastened a little what must have happened soon or late. 1887 Ibid. 30 May 5/4 The financists .. wanted to keep their concession. 1888 Univ. Rev. Oct. 218 Mexico was looked upon as an El Dorado by the financists of the St. Simonian school. + Financy. Obs. rare. [f. F. finance ; see Finance sb. 1 and -ancy.] = Finance sb. 1 3, 6. 1656 in Blount Glossogr. [citing Bacon]. 1727 Arbuthnot A net. Coins , Diss. Navig. 227 When he was straitned in his Financies at the Siege of Byzantium. Finary, obs. f. Finery 2 a puddling furnace. Finch (finj). Forms: i fine, 5-6 fynche, 4- finch. [OF. fine str. masc. =MDu. vinke (Du. vink), OYIG. fincho wk. masc. (MHG. vinke, Ger. fink ); not recorded in ON. (Sw. fink, T)a.finke). The OTeut. *fnki-z, finkjon-, would correspond to a pre- Teut. *ping-, which Fick finds in Gr. rriyya. young bird (Hesych.), and in various Indo-European words denoting colour : OS 1 . P%gu particoloured, Skr . pinga brown, reddish, also young animal, pinjdr a gold-coloured, pingald brown, brown animal (cf. Gr. 7rtyyaAos lizard). Cf. also Spink, the chaffinch = Gr. (rnCyyo<; and ani^a (:— *spingja). Of similar sound and meaning, but not demonstrably connected, are F. pinson , Sp. pinchon, pinzon , Catal. pinsd , It. piucione :— med.Lat. pincidn-cm ; also Welsh pine, Eng. dial, pink , Breton pint , tint, the chaffinch ; and Russian irliHKa wil¬ low-wren (and cognates in other mod. Slav, langs.) It seems possible that some at least of these words, are of echoic origin; the call-note of the male chaffinch is, in England, often represented as ‘ spink * or ‘ pink ’.] 1 . A name given to many small birds of the order Passeres, esp. to those of the genus Fringilla or family Fringillidx. f To pull a finch : to swindle an ignorant or unsuspecting person (cf. to pluck a pigeon). # a 700 Epinal Gloss. 423 Fringella, fine, c 1050 Ags. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 286 Fringilla , fine. c 1386 Chaucer Prol. 654 Ful prively a finch eke coude he pull, c 1400 Rom. Rose 658 In many places were nyghtyngales, Alpes, fynches, and wodewales. C1532 Dewes Introd. Er. in Palsgr. 912 The fynche, le pinchon. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. in. i. 133. 1655 Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. (1746)188 Finches for the most part live upon Seeds. 1720 Gay Poems (1745) II. 176 And pecking finches scoop the golden rind. 1847 Lytton Lucretia 31 The linnet and finch sang still from the neigh¬ bouring copses. 1878 Browning Poets Croisic 71 Brisk as any finch He twittered. b. With defining words, forming popular names of species of Fringillidse and of other birds of similar appearance, as fallow finch, the wheat- ear ; mountain finch, the brambling; purple finch (U.S.), (see quot. 1884) ; storm finch, the stormy petrel; thistle finch ( = F. chardonneret ), yellow finch, rare names for the goldfinch. Also Bullfinch, Chaffinch, Goldfinch, Greenfinch. 1678 Ray Willughby's Ornith. 255 The great pied Moun¬ tain-Finch. .is of the bigness of a yellow Finch. 1708 Mot- teux Rabelais iv. lix. (1737) 244 Snytes .. Thistle-Finches. 1768 Pennant Zool. II. 434 Like the storm-finch, they are dispersed over the whole Atlantic ocean. ^ 1826 Longf. A utumn 23 The purple finch. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. I. 245 The Mountain Finch. 1884 Coues N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 346 Carpodacus purpureus , Purple Finch (better Crimson Finch). Ibid. 347 C. Cassini .. Cassin’s Purple Finch. 2 . attrib. and Comb., as + finch-bird, -tribe. Also f finch-egg, a contemptuous epithet. 1552 Huloet, Finche byrde, acha?itis. 1606 Shaks. Tr. <$• Cr. v. i. 41 Pair. Out, gall ! Ther. Finch Egge ! 1802 Bingley Anim, Biog, (1813) II. 168 Of the Finch tribe in general. Finch, obs. form of Finish v. Fi nch-backed, a. ? Obs. = next. 1796 W. Marshall Midland Counties Gloss., Finch-backed white on the back; as cattle. Finched (finjt), ppl. a. [?f. Finch + -ed 2 ; but the meaning is not accounted for.] (See quots.) 1786 Culley Live Stock 56 They [Long-horned Cattle] .. have (in general) a white streak or lace along their back, which the breeders term finched. 1794 Wedge Agric. Surz>. Chester 31 Their [cows’] prevailing colours are red, brindled and pied; with almost universally ‘finched’, or white backs. 1825 in Loudon Encycl. Agric. § 6108. 954 (quoting Culley). Finchery (fimjeri). [f. Finch + -ery.] a place for finches, a decoy. ^ 1887 'Eng. Illust. Mag. Sept. 779, 4,425 finches were caught in this finchery alone. + Function. Obs. rare. [a. OF. finction,fin- cion , ad. vulgarL. *finction-em (class. L .fictidnem ): see Fiction.] A fiction, invention. ZZ1529 Skelton Image Ipocr. 11. 283 That frames his fine- tions Into distinctions. + Frncture. Obs. [ad. It. finctura (mod. fintura ), a. vulgar L. * finctura , f. fingere to Feign. Cf. OF. finlure .] = Feint sb. 1 a. x 595 Saviolo Practice H iv a, If he use any fincture or false thrust, answer him not. 1599 Marston Sco. Villanie iii. xi. 226 Of counter times, finctures, sly passataes. Find (foind), sb. [f. next vb.] 1 . An act or instance of finding; in hunting lan¬ guage, the finding of a fox, etc.; in wider use, a discovery, e.g. of minerals, treasure, archaeological remains, etc. Somewhat colloq. 1825 Southey Let. 30 Aug. (1856) III. 498, I only hope ’twill fit the man that finds it. And a good find he had ; for it [a hat] was a new one. 1852 W. Jerdan Autobiog. I. 157 The public, as fox-hunters say, shall have the benefit of the ‘find’. 1868 G. Stephens Runic Mon. I. 195 We need not; despair of fresh finds. 1883 E. Pennell-Elmhirst Cream Leicestersh. 299 They realised the find of a fox. 1884 The American VII. 220 The Paris Figaro announces a ‘find’ of letters by Beaumarchais. 1887 R. Murray Geol. Victoria 159 The Frying-pan gold-field, where some good finds were made. 2 . concr. That which is found. 1847 in Halliwell. 1858 McCombie Hist. Victoria xv. 218 The great 'finds’ of gold were .. first discovered on the old Golden Point on Forest Creek. 1865 Lubbock Preh .- Times i. (1869) 12 Bronze weapons are entirely absent from the great finds of the Iron Age. 3 . A sure find : a. Sporting, a place where a ‘find’ is sure to be made; b. colloq. one who or something which is sure to be found. 1838 Thackeray Yellmuplush Papers vii, His son was a sure find (as they say) during his illness. 1866 H. W. Wheel¬ wright Sporting Sketches 335 There are certain .. coverts which are sure finds. 4 . Comb., as find-spot, the place of finding. 1876 J. Ff.rgusson Indian Archit. 1. vii. 170 note, He could only ascertain the ‘find spot'of five or six [specimens]. Find (fsind), v. Pa. t. and pple. found (found). Forms: a. j. find-an, 2-4 find-en, 3-7 finde, fynd(e(n, 2-4 south, vinde, vynde, (2 fundan, 3 findin, feind, 5 fende, fyne, 9 dial, fine, Sc. and north. 3-9 fin, 4-5 fon(d), 3- find. /?. 1 Sefindan, 2-3 ifinden, south, ivinden, 4 ifind, yfynde. Pa. t. sing. a. 1 fand, also wk. form funde, 4 south, vand, 3-4 faand, 1-5 fond, (3-5 fonde, 3 south, vond, 4-5 foond, 3-5 fande, funde, 5 faunde, 6 fund), 3-6 founde, 5- found, (4 fon, funn, 5 fune, 5-8 Sc. fand, 9 dial, fan), FIND 224 FIND 0 . 2-3 3e-, ifund(e, south, ivunde, 3 ifond, -nt. south, ivond, 5 yfonde, 3-5 i-, yfound(e. pi. 1 fundon, (2 fyndon), 2-4 -en, 3-7 founden, (4 found-, fundyn, 6 Sc. fundin), 4-5 fonden, 3-5 founde, 5- found, Sc. 4- fand, (9 dial. fant). O . 2-3 ifunden. Pa. fple. a. 1-5 funden, (3 fundun), 4-6 founde, (4 fownde, 4-5 founden, fond(en, -in, -yn), 5- found ; (also 4 fonte, 5 fon, 8 dial, fawnd, Sc. 4-6 fundin, -yn, 6 -ing, 4-9 fun, 9 fan, fund). 0 . 1 sefunden, 3 ifonden, ifunde n, 4 yfounde(n, south, yvonde. [A Com. Teut. str.vb. : OE .findan (pa. t . fand, fpud, pi. fundon, pa, pple. funden) = OFris. ftnda, OS. findan, fithan (MDu., D11. vinden), OllG. findan (MHG. vinden, mod.G. finden), ON. finna (Sw. pinna, Da., finde), Goth .finpanfi. Teut. root *fi»p- pre-Teut. *pent- whence OIrish I’taim I finch Some regard this pent- as a nasalized form (with an n originally belonging to the present stem only) of the root pet - of L . petere to seek, aim at. Others would identify it with the widely represented Indo-European root pent- (: Pont-, pnt-) to go, journey, whence OTeut. *fanPjon (OHG. fendo, OE .fefra) footsoldier, pedestrian ; on this supposition the development of sense is similar to that of L. invenire to come upon, to find. The OTeut. conjugation, Jin}an t fan}fundum , fun* dono • (Goth . funpum,funpans are due to the analogy of the forms with /), should by phonetic law have yielded OE. *f{frail, *fdo, fundon, funden ; as this would have been an apparently unique ablaut-series the vb. was naturally affected by the analogy of vbs. like bind an, grin dan, windan . For the short formsy?«, fait, fun (chiefly Sc.) and for the sur¬ vival of fand as pa. t. cf. remarks on Eind.] I. To come upon by chance or in the course of events. 1 . trails. To come across, fall in with, meet with, light upon. Primarily of persons, and implying perception of the object encountered; hence of things viewed as agents. Beowulf ‘2136 (Gr.) Ic .. grundhyrde fond, a 1000 Boeth. Metr. xiii. 38 Seo leo .. Nim 5 eall cSaet hio fint. CI175 Lamb. Horn. 83 pe sunne scine 5 purh pe glesne ehburl .. and ho nime <5 al swuch hou alse ho per on vint. Ibid. 107 He mei findan fele }>e beo 5 bet ipo^en and isto3en pene he. r 1205 Lay. 12303 Heo .. iuunden pene king pair he wes an slaving, a 1300 Cursor M. 1183 (Cott.) Quen adam abel bodi fand For soru on fote moght he noght stand. C1394 P. PI. Crede 631 Whoso for-gabbed a frere y-founden at pe stues. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) viii. 29 In pat ryuer er oft tymes funden many precious stanes. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxiv. 526 Men shold fynde in the worlde but fewe suche knyghtes as he is one. 1513 Douglas VEncis viii. ii. heading, The sow with grisis .. Eneas fand. 1660 Boyle New Exp. Phys. Aleck, xxxv. (1682) 138 Which impels the water it findes in its way. 1705 Addison Italy Pref., Many new Subjects that a Traveller may find to em¬ ploy himself upon. 1883 Century Mag. XXVI. 911/2 They might find traces of European sojourn on the island. absol. 1340 Ayenb. 38 Yef pe vinst and na^t ne yelst: pou hit stelst. 1611 Bible John xxi. 6 Cast the net on the right side of the ship, and yee shall find. b. with f obj. and inf. ; or with obj. and compl . a 1000 Juliana 364 (Gr.) Ic hine finde ferft staSelian. c 1275 Pass. Our Lord 325 in O. E. Misc. 46 pesne mon we funde vorbeoden vre lawe. <7x340 Cursor M. 6827 (Trin.) pin enemyes beest pou fyndes o stray. ^1385 Chaucer L. G. IV. 1798 Lucretia, Ryghte as a wolfe that fynt a lamb allone. c 1450 Merlin 4 He was founden dede. 1552 Lyn- desay Monarche 5517 Geue thare sail ony man, or wyue, That day be funding upon lyue. 1670 Lady M. Bertie in \itk Rep. Hist. MSS. Comnt. App. v. 21, I..could not find her at horn. 1826 J. Wilson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 1 .179 He has. .been fun' lying in the middle of the road. c. To meet with in records. + Also absol. <71175 Lamb. Hoiit.'\q We uinde '5 in halie boc bet ieremie pe prophete stod .. in be uenne up to his muoe. a X300 Cursor M. 356 (Cott.) pis elementz pat al thinges bindes Four er pai, als clerkes findes. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 7176 Als in som boke wryten es fonden. c\\oo Destr. Troy 13494 Fro the towne of Thessaile .. Eght furlong, I fynd. 1678 Abp. Sancroft in D’Oyly Life (1821) II. 406 There we find the holy man in a great strait of affliction. 1712 Addison Sped. No. 415 r 3 We find Semiramis leading her three Millions to the Field. x86i M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 34 In 1276, we find the Emperor and the King of England in constant communication. d. To come upon, begin acquaintance with or operation upon (any object), when it is in a speci¬ fied condition ; often contrasted with leave. c 1460 To'iuneley Myst. (Surtees) 59 In the state thou it fand Thou shal it turne. <1x568 Ascham Scholem. (Arb.) 133 He found that Colledge spending scarse two hundred markes by [the] yeare: he left it spending a thousand markes_ and more. <11656 Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 179 Affliction never leaves us as it findes us. 1784 Cowper Task in. 386 The morning finds the self-sequester'd man Fresh for his task. 1827 Examiner 481/1 They can only administer the law as they find the law. 1884 GLADSTONi*in Standard 29 Feb. 2/6 That is the state of things we found established. 2 . To discover the whereabouts of (something hidden or not previously observed) ; sometimes with implied notion of picking up or carrying off. Cf. 9. <1250 Gen. ft Ex. 1878 Salamon findin is sal, And his temple sriSen wi< 5 -al. . Soiree L'fiool Co-op. A ssoc. 17 Feb., We have a good old Lancashire saying, that one mend-fault is better than nine find-faults. attrib. 1398 Florio, Cacafiori , a vaine, self-conceited, others-scorning, find-fault foole. + Find-faulting, vbl. sb. Obs. rare— *• [f. phr. find fault (treated as if one word) + -ING 1 .] The action of finding fault. In quot. attrib. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 347 She doth not set Businesse back by unquiet branglings, and findefaulting Quarrells. Findhorn : see Finnan. t Fi’ndible, tz. Obs.~° [ad. L. *findibilis, f. find-ire to split.] That may be split or cleft. Hence Findibleness, capability of being split. 1656 Blount Glossogr., Findible. 1721-90 in Bailey. 1730-36 Bailey (folio), Findibleness. Finding 1 (forndiq), vbl. sb. [f. Find v. -4* -ing k] 1 . The action of the vb. Find in its ordinary senses ; an instance of the same. Also with out. C1340 Cursor M. 5365 (Trin.) Joseph .. I haue founden here. Of his fyndynge ponke I god so. c 1449 Pecock Rcpr. 1. xiii. 70 Into whos fynding and grounding doom of mannys resoun may suffice. 1611 Bible Eccl. xiii. 26 The finding out of parables is a wearisome labour of the minde. 1870 Mrs. Riddell A ustin Friars ii, ‘ You speak as though my misfortunes had been of my own seeking’. .* They have been of your own finding ’. b. That which is found or discovered; also, a find, a discovery. 1598 Florio Trouadelli , findlings, children found, findings. 1644 Milton A reop. 36 When a man hath bin labouring .. in the deep mines of knowledge, hath furnisht out his find¬ ings. 1805 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. XX. 339 The findings at Pompeii, preserved in the Museum of Portici. 1876 Tait Rec. Adv : Phys. Sc. xiii. (ed. 2) 322 To Joule we owe the first precise findings on the subject. 2 . The action of inventing or devising; a device, invention. Now only with out ; formerly also with tip. a 1300 Cursor M. 27661 (Cott.) O nith cums. .finding of il. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 1557 pai styrd God tyll wreth, In J>air new fyndynges of vanite. £1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 77 Here owene fyndynge vp, hat crist & apostlis spoken not of. <7x400 Destr. Troy 4296, I will tell here a tale. .Of he fyndyng of false goddes. 1578 Timme Caluine on Gen. 151 The finding out of Harps and such like Musical Instruments. 1642 Rogers Naaman 182 Beseech the Lord not to leaue thee to thine owne findings. 3 . The action of providing or supplying. <7x449 Pecock Repr. 358 He ^af a certein of possessioun for fynding of li^tis. 1580 Baret A tv. F 556 A finding .. of things that one lacketh. 4 . The action of maintaining or supporting (a person or an institution). + At a person s finding's: at his own cost or expense. Cf. Find v. 19. a 1300 Cursor M. 3223 A sergaunt. .hat had ben ay at his finding, Euer sihen hat he was child 3eing. 1494 Fabyan Citron, v. cxiii. 86 He gaue possessions for the fyndyng of hir. 1535 Gardiner Let. to Cromwell in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. xxx. 213 The finding of young children to school. 1642 Rogers Naaman 369 We will be at our owne findings. 1709 Strype Ann. Ref. I. xxvi. 309 An annuity..for the finding of a school in Guilford. 1840 Thackeray Catherine vii, She will be very glad to. .pay for the finding of him. f b. Keep, maintenance, provision, support. Obs. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. vii. 293 [To] haue my fode and my fyndynge of false menne wynnynges. c 1449 Pecock Repr. iii. v. 305 He my3te haue askid his lijflode and fynding of hem to whom he prechid. 1470-85 Malory Arthur xu. i, That he hadde al maner of fyndynge as though he were a lordes sone. x565-73 Cooper Thesaurus, Annona, finding in meate, drinke or apparell. c. in pi. (See quots.) Also attrib. in finding- store (U.S.). 1846 Worcester (citing Chute), Findings pi., the tools and materials used by shoemakers. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, Findings , the wax, thread and tools which a jour¬ neyman shoemaker has to supply himself with for his work. Ibid., Finding-stores , an American name for what are termed in England grindery-warehouses; shops where shoemakers’ tools, etc. are vended. 5 . The result of a judicial examination or inquiry; the verdict of a jury, the decision of a judge or arbitrator. 1859 Lang Wand. India 364 The court-martial still ad¬ heres to its finding of murder. 1865 Pall Mall G. 17 May 11 Fitly says Sir Joseph Arnould, in his eloquent finding. 1884 G. Hastings in Law Times Rep. 5 Apr. 175/1 The findings of an official referee have always been considered as equivalent to the findings of a jury. Findling, obs. var. of Foundling. Findon, findram : see Finnan. t Fi*ndy, a. Obs. Also 3 findi}, findige, fundie. [ME. findig,fundiifi) ; cf. OE. gefyndig capable, Da. fyndig powerful, solid, f. fynd strength, substance.] Firm, solid, weighty. Of a harvest: Plentiful. c X200 Ormin 4149 Crist iss Strang & stedefasst & findi3 & unnfakenn. C1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 119 pus hie segen pe holi gost on tungene euene, and perefore weren fundie on speche. Ibid. Bidde we nu pe holigost pat he. .giue us.. findige speche. a 1677 Proverb in Junius Etymologicum (ed. Lye 1743) s. v. Fyndie, A May cold and windy maketh the barn full and fyndie. Pine (fain), sb . 1 Forms: 3 fin, 3-6 fyn(e, 3- fine. [ME,/«, a. OF. fin = I'r. fins, fi-s, Sp .Jin, Jim, It. fine '.—'L.finem, finis end. In med. L. and OF. the word has the senses ‘ending of a dispute, settlement, payment by way of composition ’; hence the various applications in branch II.] I. End, (Obs. exc. in phr. in fine .) 11 . Cessation, end, termination, conclusion, finish. Phr. to bring to fine , set the fine of. Obs. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 258 Pine wiSute fin. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 8547 pis stalwarde cristine vole pis worre brojte to fine. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. A. 634 Why schulde he not.. pay hym at pe fyrst fyne ? c X460 Pol. Ret. $ L. Poems 73 When pat pyte .. hath sett the fyne of al myn heuynesse. c 1500 Lancelot 1388 Deth that neuer shal haf fyne. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus iii. 724 And sa to bring my argument to fine I can not find [etc.]. x6ox Shaks. All's Well iv. iv. 35 Still the fine’s the Crowne. 1664 Flodden F. i. 2 A lucky fine and end to make. 1839 Bailey Festus xxx. (1848} 348 Open thine arms O death ! thou fine of woe. b. Phrase, In (+ the ) fine ; also rarely f a, + at, + of fine) : + {a) in the end, at last; ( b ) to conclude or sum up, finally ; also, in short. (a) X297 R. Glouc. (1724) 91 pe noble Constantyn, (pat was kyng here of pis lond, & emperour atte fyn). c 1450 Merlin 286 But in the fyn he mote yeve grounde a litill. C1540 R. Morice in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 24 In fyne he was perceyved to affixe one of the papers upon the dore. 1575 J. Still Gamm. Gurtonx. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley III. 246 My cockis, I thank Christ, safe and well a-fine. 1693 Mem. Ct. Teckely 1. 41 In fine after a Months obstinate defence .. the Turks took the Fort by assault. {b) 140X Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 91 I can telle wel a fyn what heresie amounteth. 1550 Crowley Epigr. 917 Ye must saye as they saye, be it wrounge or ryght. In fine, ye must prayse them. 1649 Milton Eikon. Wks. 1738 I. 408 In fine, he accuses Piety with the want of Loyalty, a 1704 T. Brown Sat. French King Wks. 1730 I. 60 In fine, the Government may do its will. 1849 Ruskin Seven Lamps vii. § 8. 195 We have, in fine, attained the power of going fast. + c. The latter part (of time), close. Obs. c 1400 Sowdone Bab. 306 The daie passed to the fyne. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 1. 200 About the fine of September. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. 101 Vntill the fine of December. + 2 . End of life, decease, death. To do } take (one’s) fine : to die. Obs. c 1250 Gen. <$• Ex. 3852 Alle [ 3 e] olde deden 8or fin. a 1300 Floriz <$• Bl. 441 Hi beden God }iue him uuel fin pat so manie flures dude perin. a 1300 Cursor M. 3905 (Cott.) He was pe chesun of hir fine. Ibid. 21102 (Cott.) per tok he fine. <71330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 189 Or I 3U do my fyn. c 1330 Assump. Virg. (Add. MS.) 777 He wolde haue ben «it hure fyne ]$if he my3t haue come bi tyme. 1494 Fabyan Chron. 11. xxxi. 24, I haue here shewed vnto you, the fyne or ende of Brennius. 1548 Hall Chron. 151b, Choked and brought to his fatall fine. 1556 Lauder Trac¬ tate 209 Geue Indure vnto 3our fyne. f 3 . The extreme part or limit of anything; a boundary. Also fig. extreme case, extremity. Obs. <11300 Cursor M. 23200 (Gott.) pe pitt of hell pine It es suo depe, widuten fine, pat end ne bes par neuer apon. <7x400 Rom. Rose 1558 Of the welle, this is the fyn. 1586 J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Ilolinshed II. 135/2 Vpon the fines and marches in Ulster. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslies Hist. Scot. (1885) 114 Our King nevir to that fine, at ony tyme to haue beine brocht, that [etc.]. 1859 I. Taylor Logic in Theol. 139 The ‘ settled fine ' to which each aspires to rise. + 4 . End in view, aim, purpose, object ; esp. in phr. to what fine. Hence, the purpose for which a thing exists. Obs. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus 11. 745 To what fine is soche loue, I can not seen, c 1386 — Merck. T. 862 Sche knew eek the fyn of his entent. 1413 Lydg. Pilgr. Sowle iv. xx. (1483) 65 To what ende or fyn Engendred ye me? 1533 Bellenden Livy 1. (1822) 38 To schaw to quhat fine thay war cummin. 1562 Winzet Cert. Tract, iii. Wks. 1888 I. 31 For thair abusing of the samyn to ane vther fine than He [God] institute tham. 1603 Df.kker, etc. Patient Grissell (1841) 42 Our fine be now to apparel all these former in some light sarcenet robe of truth. + 5 . Final issue, consequence, result. Obs. 1513 Douglas ZEneis iv. Prol. 130 3 >t luffis ony to that fyne, quharby Thi self or thaim thow frawart God removis. 1549 Compl. Scot. x. 84 Pirrus. .past to the oracle of appollo til inquyre of the fyne of the veyris that vas betuix hym and the romanis. 1605 Lond. Prodigal 111. ii, There’s the fine. II. 6. Lazo. A 1 final agreement ’; ‘an amicable composition or agreement of a suit, either actual or fictitious, by leave of the king or his justices ’ (Blackstone). [X299 Act 27 Edw. I, c. 1 Quia Fines in Curia nostra levati finem litibus debent imponere et imponunt, & ideo fines vocantur, maxime cum post duellum & magnam assisam in suo casu ultimum locum & finalem teneant & perpetuum.] b. spec. The compromise of a fictitious or collu¬ sive suit for the possession of lands : formerly in use as a mode of conveyance in cases where the ordinary modes were not available or equally efficacious. The procedure was as follows. The person to whom the land was to be conveyed sued the holder for wrongfully keeping him out of possession; the defendant (hence called the cognizor)" acknowledged the right of the plaintiff (or cognizee); the compromise was entered on the records of the court; and the particulars of it were set forth in a document called the foot of the fine (see Foot). This method of con¬ veyance was resorted to by married women (who could not alienate land by any other process), and as a means of barring an entail. The cognizor was said to acknowledge or levy a fine ; sometimes the vb. to levy was used intrans. with fine as the subject. Also to sue a fine. [12.. Bracton De Legibus Angliie v. iv. viii. § 3 VI. 70 Item sufficit finis factus in curia domini regis [etc.]. X292 Britton ii. iii. § 14 Par acord del purchaceour et del donour covendra lever fin en nostre court.] 1483 Act 1 Rich. Ill, c.7 § 1 Notes and fynes to be levied in the Kinges Court. .shold be openly and solempnly radd. 1509-10 Act 1 Hen. VIII, c. 19 Pream., Your said Oratour .. levyed severall Fynes of all the foresaid Manours. 1602 Shaks. Ham. v. i. 114 His Statutes, his Recognizances, his Fines, his double Vouchers, his Recoueries. a 1626 Bacon Max. Uses Com. Law (1636) 51 A Fine is a reall agreement, beginning thus, ‘ Haec est finalis concordia, etc.’ 1751 Lady Luxborough Let. to Shens/one (1775) 281 A lawyer, .to see me execute a fine, in consequence of my parting with my house in London. X773 E. Bonhote Rambles Mr. Frankly (1797) I. 81 He forbade me his house, sued a fine, and cut me off with a shilling. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 138 A fine was levied accord¬ ingly. + c. Hence used gen. for: A contract, agreement. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 106 Sir Henry mad pe fyne, and mad pe mariage. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. 11. 51 FINE. Meedc In Manage was[I-feflcd] To beo fastnet with fals fyn was arered. III. A composition paid. 7 . a. Feudal Law. A fee (as distinguished from the rent) paid by the tenant or vassal to the landlord on some alteration of the tenancy, as on the transfer or alienation of the tenant-right, etc. b. Mod. Law. A sum of money paid by a tenant on the commence¬ ment of his tenancy in order that his rent may be small or nominal. c 1435 Torr. Portugal 1086 Omage thou shake none nor ffyne. 1523 Fitzherb. Snrv. Prol., To cause them to pay more rent or a gretter fyne than they haue ben acustomed to do in tyme past. 1625 Act 1 Ckas. I, c. 2 § 1 His Majestie having received divers Fines and sommes ofMony, according to the said Contracts. 1710 Prideaux Orig. Tithes ii. 82 Reckoning in their Fines as well as their Rents. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I. 351 Where a fine is certain, the tenant is bound to pay it immediately upon his admit¬ tance. 1862 I »d. Brougham Brit. Const, x. 138 The fines paid by his vassals on succession to or alienation of their fees. 1877 Act 40 & 41 Viet. c. 18 § 4 On every such lease shall be reserved the best rent .. that can be reasonably obtained .. without taking any fine or other benefit in the nature of a fine. 8. fa. In phr. To make (a) fine : to make one’s peace, settle a matter, obtain exemption from punishment or release from captivity, esp. by means of a money payment. Obs. exc. Hist. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 511 Some hii lete honge Bi hor membres an hey. .Vort hii adde fin imad. c 1325 Coer de L. 3350 Charges mules .. Off bl ende gold .. For our heyres to make fyn. c 1325 Metr. Horn. 46 To mak the fin For sin. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 15966 When Penda hadde to Cadwalyn Obliged hym, & mad his fyn. c 1380 Wyclif IVks. (1880) 184 It is lhjttere to make a fyn for moche money )>an to purge hym. 1422 J. Yonge Privytye 204 And there this M c Mahons, with dyuers othyr eneinys,fynes with hym makid, pees forto haue. i574inW.H. Turner Select Rec. Oxford 351 Richard Lloyde. .shall make fyne for his contemptuous.. wordes. 1891 Northumb. Assize Polls (Surtees) Pref. 25 The matter .. settled by the Swet- hops making a fine with Dionisia for 20 marks. + b. A sum of money offered or paid for exemp¬ tion from punishment or by way of compensation for injury. Obs. [1292 Britton i. xii. § 7 Sur peyne de raunceun et de fin.] c 1340 Cursor M. 6753 (Trin.) If J?ef haue no fyn ny 3ift .. he shal be solde. 1628 Earle Microcosm., Meere Gull Citizen (Arb.) 94 A harsh scholemaster, to whom he .. payes a fine extraordinary for his mercy. c. A certain sum of money imposed as the penalty for an offence. + To put to (oners') fine : to fine. 1529 More Supplic. Soulys Wks. 296/2 The v. C. poundes whych he payed for a fyne by the premunire. 1542-3 Act 34-5 Hen. VIII , c. 27 § 84 No persone .. for murther or felonie shall be put to his fine, but suffer accord- inge to the lawes. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. 1. (1843) 10/1 He was .. condemned in a great fine. 1719 W. Wood Surv. Trade 302 Which cannot fail of bringing many more to the Church, than is possible by Fines and Imprison¬ ments. 1827 Hallam Const. Hist. (1876) III. xvii. 327 Fines to the amount of ,£85,000. .were imposed on the Cove¬ nanters. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 47 A blow .. subjected the offender to a fine. d. transf. A penalty of any kind. arch. + To pass a fine : fig. to pronounce sentence. 1503 Hawes Exatnp. Virt. v. 59 Deth is fyne of euery synne. 1580 Lupton Sivqila 14 To pay the fine of dam¬ nation for euer. a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) I. 141 Two Self-admirers, .may pass a Fine Upon all Judgment. 1697 Dryden Eneid xi. 1222 Too dear a Fine, ah much la¬ mented Maid, For warring with the Trojan hast thou paid. 1705 Addison Italy 501 Fines .. set upon Plays, Games, Balls and Feastings. 1876 Blackie Songs Relig. Life 195 We stood for our faith, when our life was the fine. t 9 . A fee or charge paid for any privilege. Also, probate duty on a will. Obs. [1422 E. E. Wills (1882) 51 & soluerunt pro fine iiij or nobilia.] 1434 Earl of Oxford in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 11. I. 110 That the said Shipp, without any fyn or fee .. may have licence, .to make the furst viage unto St. James. 1521 Bury Wills (Camden) 120 Item to Mr. Miles, for the aquitans at thys cownt makyng in Fornham and for y° fyne of y° testa¬ ment. .v s. viij d. c 1744 Pari. Bill in Hanway Trav. (1762) I. v. lxxi, 323 All persons .. should be admitted into the free¬ dom of the said company, upon paying a fine of fifty pounds. IV. 10 . Comb., fine-rolls ( = rotuli oblatorwn or finium ; see quot. 1891) ; fine-setting vbl. sb. f fining, mulcting. 1800 1st Rept. Public Records 54 The Fine Rolls. 1853 Thomas Handbk. Publ. Rec. 39 The Fine Rolls of King John. 1891 Scargill-Bird Guide to Public Records 35 The Rolls upon which were entered the sums of money (or other property..) offered to the king byway of oblation or fine for the passing or renewal of charters or grants, and for the enjoyment of lands, offices, wardships, exemptions .. and other marks of royal favour, were called Oblata or Fine Rolls. The first of these appellations fell into disuse after the reign of John, the latter only being thenceforward re¬ tained. 1657 Burton's Diary (1828) II. 17 This fine-setting is no breach of privilege. II Pine (fi'n/), sb.% Irish Hist. [Irish.] An Old Irish family or sept. 1873 Sullivan Introd. O'Curry's Anc. Irish I. 79 The clan, .comprised several Fines. 1875 Maine Hist. Inst. iv. 105 My own .. opinion is that the ‘Fine’..is neither the Tribe, .nor. .the modern Family, .but the Sept. Fine (fain), a. Forms: 3-5 fin, fyn, 4-6 fyne, (4 fyin), 4- fine. [a. F. fin = Yx. fin-s, Sp., Pg., It. Pino (also It. fine) Com. Rom. fino (med.L. 227 fintis ), prob. a back-formation from finire (pa. pple. finito ) to Finish. On the analogy of the many Rom. vbs. in -ire derived from adjs. (e.g. grossire to make thick, f. grosso thick) the vb. finire seems to have been felt to presuppose an adj. fino. Similar back-formations (from adjs. of ppl. form) are Sp. cuerdo intelligent from L. cor - ddtus , It. man so gentle from L. mansuctus. The Rom. word has passed into all the Teut. langs.; cf. OITG., MHG. fin (mod.G. feiri ), MDu., Du. fijn , Icel. (15th c .)finn, Sw. fin, Da.fiin. In Fr. the word now chiefly expresses delicate and subtle perfection, as opposed to all that is gross or clumsy. In Eng. the senses derived from this notion are still current, but the word came to be used as a general expression of admiring approbation, equivalent to the Fr. beau, which it renders in many adopted locutions.] I. Finished, consummate in quality. 1 . Of superior quality, choice of its kind. a 1300 Cursor M. 2870 (,Gott.) Men findis lompis on fie sand Of ter, nan finer in fiat land. 1377 Langl. P. PL B. 11. 9 With pelure be finest vpon erthe. c 1385 Chaucer L.G.W. 673 Cleopatras, She..made..a shryne Of alle the rubies and the stones fyne In al Egypte that she coude espye. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 161/1 Fyne wyne, falernum. 1653 Walton Angler 130 Certain fields .. make the Sheep that graze upon them .. bear finer Wool. 1872 Yeats Growth Comm. 31 Elba remarkable to this day for the fine iron it produces. absol. ? a 1400 Morte Art It. 3372 Ffonde of fie fyneste,. .And reche to the ripeste. 2 . Free from foreign or extraneous matter, having no dross or other impurity; clear, pure, refined. a. Of metals : Free from dross or alloy. a 1300 Cursor M. 16453 (Cott.) Quen fiai b e fine gold for-soke. c 1384 Chaucer H. Fame hi. 258 Of gold As fyne as ducat in venyse. <*1450 Mirour Saluacioun 1148 This reuerent Throne was made .. of finest gold. 1557 N. T. (Genev.) Rev. i. 15 And his fete lyke vnto fyne brasse. 1611 Bible Ezra viii. 27 Two vessels of fine copper, precious as gold. 1757 Jos. Harris Coins 31 Coins.. should contain certain assigned quantities of pure or fine silver. 1867 Chamb. Jrnl. xxxvili. 105 ‘ Fine’ gold being purer than ‘standard’. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., Fine metal, the iron or plate-metal produced in the refinery. fig. 1727 Swift Further Acc. E. Currl, Mixing a greater quantity of the fine metal of other authors with the alloy of this society. b. Of gold or silver: Containing a given pro¬ portion of pure metal, specified respectively in 4 carats ’ (see Carat) or * ounces ’ (sc. per lb. troy). 1594 Plat Jewell-ho. m. 85 The golde being 24 Carots high, & the siluer 12 ounces fine. 1666 Act 18 Chas. II, c. 5 § 1 For every pound troy of gold or silver, .that shall be finer upon assay than crown gold or standard silver. 1820 G. G. Carey Funds 95 Gold of twenty two carats fine signifies that twenty two parts of the whole mass is pure gold and two parts of some other metal. 1862 E.W. Robert¬ son Hist. Ess. 1. i. 3 The purest gold, 24 carats fine. fig. 1581 [See Carat 3]. c. Of liquids; Free from turbidity or impurity, clear. Also occas. of air : Pure. 1481 Caxton Myrr. 1. i. 6 The good wyn that is aboue abideth alway clere and fyn. 1567 R. Edwards Dam. SfPitJi. in Hazl. Dodsley IV. 35 Methinks this is a pleasant city.. The air subtle and fine. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1885) 27 Ane .. spring, of fyne, freshe and fair water. a 1637 B. Jonson Rules Tavern v, Let our wines without mixture or stum be all fine. 1671 Grew Anat. Plants 1. ii. (1682) 15 Which transient Sap .. thus becomes fine. 1723 Swift Stella at Woodpark, She view’d the wine To see that ev’ry glass was fine. 1745 R. Pococke Descr. East II. i. 5 They, .brought fine oil of olives. 1819 Shelley Cyclops 47 Here the air is calm and fine. + 3 . Pure, sheer, absolute ; perfect. In phrases adopted from OF., esp. (of with , by) fine force , (by) absolute necessity, also (by) main force; fine love, fine heart , etc. Obs. c 1320 Cast. Love 1405 Ther was never fadur to his child Of fyne love so meke and myld. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 35 Kymak .. com for fyne awe. c 1340 Gaw. $ Gr. Ktit. 1139 Ale be-houez of fyne.force, Your seruaunt be. £1450 Merlin 156 By fyn strengthe. c 1475 Parteriay 3831 Whom I so louedwith hert Fyn. 1564 Haward Eutropius vii. 61 Cesar .. of fine force caused the Romaynes to create hym consull. 1670 Cotton Espernon I. 11. 45 To effect that by fine Force, he could not obtain by the more moderate ways of Addresses, and Treaty. 1706 Phillips ( ed. Kersey), Fine Force (Fr. Law Term) an absolute un¬ avoidable Necessity or Constraint. 1721-1800 in Bailey. 4 . Of persons : t a. Consummate in virtue or excellence. Chiefly as rime-word. Obs. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. A. 1203 A god, a lorde, a frend ful fyin. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 257 A baron bold & fyn. c 1400 Rowland $ O. 14 Sir Cherlles gud & fyne. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) *901 Twa halymen and fyne, Saint benet and bischop Marcellyne. + b. Used with reproachful designations : Con¬ summate, ‘egregious’. Obs. Cf. 12c. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. vi. 18 A schrewe fyne. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. v. i. 19 That same knaue (Ford hir husband) hath the finest mad diuell of iealousie in him.. that euer gouern’d Frensie. 1604 — Oth. iv. i. 155, I was a fine Foole to take it. 5 . Of persons or actions : Consummately skilful, highly accomplished. Now only as a contextual use of 12 : Admirably skilful. c 1320 Orfeo 265 To her harpyng that was fyne. c 1400 Destr. Troy 7716 A fyn archer. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 436 To seik him leichis that wer fyne and gude, To heill his woundis. 1601 Shaks. Jul. C. 1. i. 10 In respect of a fine Workman, I am but.. a Cobler. 1837 Disraeli FINE. Venetia 1. iii, A fine musician. 1880 L. Stephen Pope v. 133 Pope was a really fine judge of literature. II. Delicate, subtle. 6 . a. Exquisitely fashioned ; delicately beautiful. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. A. 170 Her fygure fyn. ^ 1450 Why I can't be a nun 113 in E. E. P. (1862) 141, I fylle Among the herbes fresche and fyne. 1530 Palsgr. 312/2 Fyne as any worke that is small and subtylly wrought, soubtil. 1596 Spenser Prothalamion 27 They, .with fine fingers cropt .. The tender stalks.. 1610 Shaks. Temp. 1. ii. 317 Fine ap- parision: my queint Ariel Hearke in thine eare. 1819 Shelley Cenci iv. i. 133 Warp those fine limbs To loathed lameness. 1867 Tennyson Windozu 88 Fine little hands, fine little feet. b. Of immaterial things, e.g. emotion or feeling: Delicate, elevated, refined. Cf. 10. 1606 Shaks. Tr. $ Cr. hi. ii. 24 Some ioy too fine.. For the capacitie of my ruder powers. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xxxiii. (1824) 713 A moment of finer joy. 1842 Tennyson Locksley H. 46 What is fine within thee growing coarse to sympathise with clay. 7 . Delicate in structure or texture, delicately wrought; consisting of minute particles or slender threads or filaments. Opposed to Coarse. Often contextually coincident with sense 1. c 1386 Chaucer Prol. 453 Hire coverchiefs weren ful fine of ground, a 1400 Sir Perc. 453 He fande a lofe of brede fyne. 1558 Bury Wills (Camden) 151, J fyne hone. 1660 Act 12 Chas. II, c. 4. Sched. s.v. Brushes, Fine, or head brushes. 1721 Berkeley Prevent. Ruin Gt. Brit. Wks. III. 190 More fine linen is wore in Great Britain than in any other country. 1737 Bracken Farriery Irnpr. (1756) I. 118 Any Thing that is termed fine Work. 1842 Bischoi- f Woollen Manuf. II. 192 The wool is fit for clothing purposes or for making fine flannels. 1884 A. R. Pennington Wiclif vi. 187 They were, .written on fine vellum. b. In minute particles, comminuted. *535 Coverdale Lev. ii. 1 A meatoflferynge. .of fyne floure. 1589 Pappe w. Hatchet D ij b. They haue. .got themselues the fine meale. 1602 Shaks. Ham. v. i. 116 Full of fine Dirt. 1820 Shelley Witch xliv. 6 Interwoven with fine feathery snow. 1885 Manch. Exam. 4 May 5/3 The air is in fact quite misty with the fine impalpable dust which it contains. c. Attenuated, of small density, subtle, rare. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 761 When the Eye standeth in the Finer Medium. 1712-4 Pope Rape Lock 11. 61 Trans¬ parent forms, too fine for mortal sight, Their fluid bodies half dissolved in light. 1783 Pott Chirurg. Wks. II. 219 The exudation of a fine fluid, i860 Miss Mulock Parables 30 in Poems 273 Air so rare and fine. d. Very small in bulk or thickness; extremely thin or slender. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) iii. 17 Upon the Body lay a fyn plate of Gold. 1552 Huloet Fine threde, arachnion. 1577 Googe Heresbach's Husb. (1586) 11. 68 Make, .a fine hole., in the stocke. 1590 Spenser F . Q . i. iv. 21 Like a crane his neck was long and fyne. c 1790 Imison Sch. Art 1. 223 The fine membranes between a frog’s toes. 1821 Shelley Prometh. Unb. 11. i. 116 Thine eyes, .underneath Their long fine lashes. fig. 1588 Shaks L. L.L.v. i. 19 He draweth out the thred of his verbositie finer then the staple of his argument. 1845 Ld. Houghton in Life (i8k., Fine breezes , said of the wind when the flying-kites may be carried but requiring a sharp look-out. 1872 Wood Insects at Home iii. 337 On a fine day, it is very interesting to watch the ants [etc.]. b. One of these fine days, etc. (= F. un de ces beaux jours) : often used playfully or derisively with reference to the occurrence of some unlooked for event. 1853 Miss Mulock Agatha's Husb. I. iii. 65 Miss Bowen set off one fine morning, hoping [etc.]. 1854 Dickens Hard T. 1. xi. 89 You’ll get yourself into a real muddle, one of these fine mornings. 16 . Of dress: Highly ornate, showy, smart. Hence of persons: Smartly dressed. Chiefly in disparaging use. Prov. Fine feathers make fine birds. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 84 With fayre and fyne clothes. 1596 Shaks. Tam. Shr. 11. i. 319, I will be sure my Katherine shall be fine. 1665 Boyle Occas. Rcfl. v. v. (1845) 313 A Colour’d suit, that but last Week, would have been thought a fine one. 1721 Kelly Sc. Prov. 109 Fine Feathers make fine Birds. 1730 Swift Death # Daphne , Fine as a col’nel of the guards. 1771 Mrs. Harris in Priv. Lett. Ld. Malmesbury I. 214 A dress which was pretty and fine. 1798 Tane Austen Northang.Abb.( 1833) I.ii. 7 She had a harm¬ less delight in being fine. 17 . Characterized by or affecting refinement or elegance; polished, dainty, refined, fastidious, etc. 1546 J. Heywood Prov. (1562) I j b, Lyke one of fond fancy so fyne and so neate, That would haue better bread than is made of wheate. a 1555 Latimer Serm. Rem. (1845) 109 Those fine damsels thought it scorn to do any such thing unto Mary. 1732 Pope Ep. Bathurst 73 Soft Adonis, so perfum’d and fine. 1774 Mrs. Harris in Priv. Lett. Ld. Malmesbury I. 279 She is too fine to come to town till the day before the birthday. 1786 Burns Holy Fair xv, His English style, an’ gesture fine Are a’ clean out o’ season. 1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fain. I. 55 Since she had been admitted into the society of her fine neighbours. 1814 Wordsw. Excursion vi, Yet farther recommended by the charm Of fine demeanor. 1885 Besant Children of Gibeon 11. xxxii, He's only a working-man, you see. He hasn’t got your fine ways. 18 . Of speech, writing, etc.: Affectedly ornate or elegant. 1773 Mrs. Chapone Improv. Mind (1774) II. 113 Idle gallantry and unmeaning fine speeches, c 1800 K. White Lett. (1837) 334 Never make use of fine or vulgar words. *837 J* H. Newman Par. Serm. (ed. 3) I. xiii. 202 A price for the indulgence of fine speaking. 1867 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1S76) I. App. 610 By way of fine writing, b. Flattering, complimentary. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 168 When this haggling was very obstinate, and very skilful it was called by some fine name. 1865 Mill in Morn. Star 6 July, I hope you don’t suppose that I think all the fine things true about me which have been said [etc.]. 1874 Morley Compromise {1886) 169 Hardly .. more than a fine name for self-indulgence. B. sb. (The adj. used absol.) + a. A fine woman. + b. Fine quality, c. The fine part of anything, d. Fine weather. 1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. 111. v, Me thinkes she makes almost as faire a fine. 1638 Ford Lady's Trial iii. i, Fairs, fines, and honies, are but flesh and blood. 1696 J. F. Merchant's Warc-ho. 15 What it wants in the fine, you have compleated in the strength, a 1834 Lamb Final Mem. viii. To H. C. Robinson 264 You go about, in rain or fine, at all hours. 1886 G. Allen Maimie's Sake xviii, The fine of the day will all be gone by that time. C. adv, = Finely: a. In a fine manner, elegantly, etc.; as, to talk fine. b. Well, very well; com¬ pletely, fully ; also in f Full fine ; +Welland fitie: to one’s satisfaction, thoroughly. Obs. exc. dial. c. Delicately, mincingly, subtly, with nicety. a. 1508 Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 31 Annamalit fine with flouris Off alkin hewis under hewin. 1708 Lond. Gaz. No. 4496/4 A strong Bay Horse that.. goes fine. 1730 Swift Paneg. on the Dean, The neighbours who come here to dine, Admire to hear me speak so fine. 1751 Female Foundl. II. 46 Nothing could be imagined finer turned than the Praises which he gave me. 1773 Hist. Ld. Ainsworth I. 9 Servants who drest finer than their mistresses. 1812 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. LXXIX. 384 All the personages talk fine. 1812 L. Hunt in Examiner 14 Dec. 785/2 They spoke finest. b. c 1385 Chaucer L. G. IV. 1715 Lucrece , The husbonde knew the estris wel and fyn. c 1400 Destr. Troy 7168 Iche freike was fyn hole of }>ere fell hurttes. ci 470 Harding Chron. c. v, Rulyng that lande in peace and lawe full fine. £“1554 Interl. Youth in Hazl. Dodsley II. 12 Your brother and you together Fettered fine fast! 1889 Barrie Window in Thrums 168, I believe fine ye mean what ye say. 1890 W. A. Wallace Only a Sister 1 327 ,1 could see all fine from behind the curtains. C. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. v. i. 22 Such rackers of orta- griphie, as to speake dout fine, when he should say doubt. x6n — Cymb. 1. i. 84 Dissembling curtesie 1 How fine this Tyrant Can tickle where she wounds ! 1676 Cotton A ngler II. v. 35 To fish fine, and far off is the .. principal Rule for Trout Angling. 1704 J. Trapp Abra-Mule iii. i. 1191 Thy Plot was wrought Too fine for my dull Sight. D. Comb. 1 . Of the adj. a. With pr. pples. forming adjs., as fine-appearing (U.S. dial.), -looking. 1879 Howell L. Aroostook (1883) II. 59 4 She is very -fine- appearing,’ said Lydia. Staniford smiled at the countrified phrase. b. In parasynthetic derivatives, as fine-baited , - eyed , -feathered\ featured, -fleeced, furred, - grained, - haired, -jointed, -mouthed , - nosed , -paced, -skinned, -spirited, -threaded, - timbered , * toned , - iongued , - tubed , -witted, -woolled. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. 11. i. 99 Lead him on with a *fine baited delay. 1815 Keats Epistle to G. F. Mathew 35 The "fine-eyed maid. 1751 R. Paltock P. Wilkins(i884) II. ii. 18 A very fine-feathered creature. 1657 Cokaine Obstinate Lady iii. i, *Fine-featur’d Mars. 1835 Ure Philos. Manuf. 131 The high prices at which the *fine-fleeced animals were sold. 1630 Drayton Noahs Floud 97 The *fine-furd Emin. 1538 Leland Itin. (1744) VII. 81 Very fayre and *fyne greynyd Okes. 1859 F. A. Griffiths Artil. Man. (1862) 92 Fine grained, or musket powder 1711 Lond. Gaz. No. 4890/4 Very Fat and *fine hair’d 1849 Parker Goth. Archit. 1. i. (1874) 16 "Fine-jointed masonry, a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew,*Fine-mouth'd, nice dainty. 1811 Sport¬ ing Mag. XXXVIII. iii Should the executioner be too fine¬ mouthed. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. vi. ii. § 1 The Monks themselves were too "fine-nosed to dabble in Tan-fatts. 1625 B. Jonson Staple of N. 1. i, A *fine-paced gentleman. 1701 Lond. Gaz. No. 3748/4 A black Gelding. .*fine Skin’d. 1714 Mandeville Fab. Bees (1733) II. 315 Many *fine-spirited creatures. 1890 Child Ballads vn. ccxi. 145/2 It is a fine- spirited ballad as it stands. 1833 Herschel Astron. ii. 84 A fine-threaded screw. 1634 Massinger Very Woman 11. iii, This day the market’s kept for slaves ; go you, And buy you a*fine-timber'd one to assist me. 1864 A. M'-'Kay Hist. Kilmarnock (1880) 120 A "fine-toned organ. 1580 Sidney Arcadia (1622) 238 My *fine-witted wench Artesia. 1868 Darwin Anim. <5- PI- I. iii. 99 *Fine-woolled sheep. 2 . Of the adv. a. With pr. pples., forming adjs., as fine-dividing, -feclmg, -sounding, -tapei’ing. 1879 Geo. Eliot Coll. Breakf P. 610 Brains and *fine- dividing tongue. 1795 Jemima I 4 This, .is your amiable ..your *fine-feeling Miss Jemima. 1845 Ford Handbk. Spain 1. 35 The names of the animals are always *fine- sounding. 1728-46 Thomson Spring 384 The rod *fine- tapering with elastic spring. b. With pa. pples., forming adjs., as fine-bred, -dressed, -set, -sifted, -spoken, -tricked, -wrought. 1667 Dryden Wild Gallant 111. ii, A "fine-bred woman. 1710 Palmer Proverbs in Many a fine-bred gentleman has been ruin’d by a title. 1681 Otway Soldiers Fort. 11. i, A dainty *fine-drest coxcomb. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. iii * Fine-set, the Irons of Planes, .are set Fine, when .. in working they take off a fine-shaving. 1823 P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 223 Fine-set. 1824 Miss Mitford Village Ser. 1. (1863) 197 The *fine-sifted mould of the shrubberies. 1666 Pepys Diary 1 Apr., I find him a very ^fine-spoken gentleman. 1853 Lynch Self Improv. v. 105 The talk and airs of fine-spoken reputable people. 1600 J. Lane Tom Tcl-troth 235 These mincing maides and *fine trict truls, ride post To Plutoes pallace. 1691 Norris Pract. Disc. 239 As the laborious Spider weaves her *fine-wrought Web. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World( 1840) 198 Fine-wrought China silks. 1816 Shelley There is no work 21 The fine-wrought eye and the wondrous ear. c. With verbs, forming verbs, as fine-burnish. 1833 Holland Manuf Metal II. 40 Women, who care¬ fully ^fine-burnish the bows with a polished steel instrument. 3 . Special comb. : fine-arch (see quot.) ; fine- boring vbl. sb., the process of giving a fine bore to a gun ; fine-cut a., (a) finely cut, delicately chiselled ; (b) cut so as to be fine ; fig. cut down to narrow limits; fine-edge v ., to put a fine edge upon, sharpen ; fine-fingered a., (a) delicate, fas¬ tidious ; ( b ) light-fingered; fine-headed a., (a) given to making fine distinctions ; ( 3 ) clear-headed, clever ; f fine-palated a., pleasing to the palate ; fine-sight (see quot.); fine stuff (see quots.) ; fine¬ toothed a., (a) of a file : having fine teeth ; ( b ) of persons : delicate or epicurean in matters of taste or palate; fine world = Beau-monde. Also Fine- art, Fine gentleman, Fine lady, Fine-spun, Fine-weather, etc. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. 1 . 847/1 * Fine-arch, the smaller fritting-furnace of a glass-house. 1891 Pall Mall G. 30 May 7/2 The process called 4 *fine-boring ’. 1894 Daily News Jan. 5/2 These days of ^fine-cut profit on safe monetary usiness. 1824 Mechanic's Mag. No. 46. 280 Easy mode of *fine-edging a Razor. 1549 Coverdale Erasm. Par. 1 Tim. 13 To professe Christ, is not an ydle nor a delycate *fine fyngred matter, c 1559 in Strype Ann. Ref. I. xiv. 189 These finefingered rufflers with their sables about their necks. 1603 Breton Mad World (Grosart) 11/1 Taking me for a fine fingreed companion. 1579 Tomson Calvins Serm. Tim. 1007/2 Some *fine headed and learned fellowe. 1583 Golding Calvin on Dcut. Ii. 307 Some .. which are so fine headded that they will make God a Iyer. 1603 Florio Montaigne 11. xvii. (1632) 366 The finer-headed, and more subtle-brained a man is. 1742 Lond. $ Country Brew. 1. (ed. 4) 37 The desired End of enjoying *fine-palated whole¬ some Drink. 1859 Musketry Instruct. 34 * Fine-sight is when the line of sight is taken along the bottom of the notch of the back-sight, the fine point of the fore-sight being only seen in the alignment. 1825 J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 611 *Fine stuff., is merely pure lime, slaked first with a small quantity of water, and afterwards [etc.]. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade , Fine-stuff \ the second coat of plaster for the walls of a room, composed of finely sifted lime and sand mixed with hair. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 430 As they say that be *fine-toothed, and have a delicate tast. 1842 Bk. Trades 231 The fine-toothed files. 1801 Han. More Wks. VIII. 181 Persons who are pleased exclusively to call themselves.. the *fine world. + Fine, v . 1 Obs. Forms: 3-6 fine, (3 fin, 4 fyn), fyn(e(n. Often with strong pa. t.: 3-4fan(e, (3 fayne), 4 fon, 5 fyne. [ad. OF. finer = Cat., Sp., Tg.finar, It. finare, com. Rom .finare, f. L. ffn-is end.] 1 . intr. Of persons and other agents : To cease, stop, give over, desist. Const, inf. with to. J*97 R. Glouc. (1724) 140 Heo ne fynede neuer mo ar ho FINE. 229 FINE-DRAWN. o)?er ware at gronde. a 1300 Cursor M. 3309 (Cott.) Dot ai J>e quils he ne fan To be-hald )>at leue maidan. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints , Jacobus 338 For-j?i )>e lele mene, ore J>a fane, Thinkand na ewil vent to }>e hill. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Troy 1. ii, He wolde not fyne Playnely to worke to his conclusyon. 2 . To come to an end, fail, pass away, end. Also, to come to the end of one’s life, to die. a 1300 Cursor M. 22268 (Cott.) Sua sal cristen kingrik fine. 13.. E. E. A/lit. P. A. 328 Schal I efte forgo hit er euer I fyne? 14.. Lydg. Temple 0/Glas 372 In short tyme hir turment shulde fyne. c 1500 Lancelot 2081 This Is his mycht that neuer more shall fyne. 15.. Bk. Fair Gentlewom. in Laneham s Let. (1871) Introd. 96 Here Fineth Lady Fortune. 3 . trans. To bring to an end, complete, conclude, finish. ■ ^1374 Chaucer Troylus iv. Proeme 26 Father of Qwyrine ! This ferthe book me helpith for to fyne. 1426 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 134 Alle oure trouble to enden and to fyne. a 1512 Fabyan Chron. vn. 682 An ende of thys boke..Here is now fyned, whereof the sence precedyth. 1593 Shaks. Liter. 936 Time’s office is to fine the hate of foes. b. To finish off (a part of a building). 1448 Will of Hen. VI in Willis & Clark Cambridge I. 369 Euery boterace fined with finialx. Ibid., Smale tourettis .. fined with pynacles. Hence Fined ppl. a., Fining vbl. sb . c 1300 K. Alis. 8015 God geve alle good fynyng ! c 1448 Avyse of Hen. VI in Willis & Clark Cambridge I. 367 Fro the Crest unto the fynyng of the pynnacles. 1571 T. Fortes- cue Forest of Hist. 64 b, Considering what we reade of their fined labours. 1596 Drayton Legends , Robert cxv, In fined things such meruails infinite. Fine (.fain), vi 1 Also 3-7 fyne. [f. Fine jtf.l] + 1 . trans. To pay as a fine or composition. Obs. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724)463 Me. .bounde men & enprisonede, vorte hii fynede raunson. Ibid. 528 So )>at vor fie mansla^t .. pe clerkes finede wifi him gret raunson inou. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V, iv. vii. 72 Know’st thou not That I have fined these bones of mine for ransom ? + 2 . To impose (a tax) upon. Obs. 1563-87 Foxe A. $ 71 /. (1596) 307/1 Shortlie after a tax was fined upon the countrie of Norfolke. f 3 . intr. To pay a penalty, ransom, or composi¬ tion. Const, with (a person). Obs. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 511, & wo so nolde a3en horn at hor wille fine, Hii barnde hous & other god. 1526 Customs of Pale (Dillon 1892) 85 Unto that theie have ffined with him for theire trespas. 1548 Hall Chron. (1809) 9 He made them fine of newe. 1561 Stow Eng. Chron. (1565) 155 b, He was deteyned in prison. .vntyll he had fyned with the ^kyng for 8000 poundes. 1563-87 Foxe A. $ M. (1684) III. 761 Except you fine with me, I will put a Collar about your Neck. transf and fig. 1580 Sidney Ps. Iv. 18 He ransom’d me, he for my safetie fin’d In fight. 1634 Shirley Examples iv. i, A challenge! Some young gentlemen that have Strong purses and faint souls do use to fine for’t. b. esp. to do this in order to escape the duties of an office. Const, for, esp. in to fine for (the office of) alderman , sheriff, etc. Also, + to fine off. x 557 Order of Hospitalls B vj, Except he be such a one as have borne th’ Office of an Alderman, or hath fined for the same. 1663 Perys Diary 1 Dec., Mr. Crow, .hath fined for Alderman. 1682 Enq. Elect. Sheriffs 41 Charlton .. chose rather to Fine than to run the risk of being confirmed by the Commons to hold. 1706 Estcourt Fair Examp. v. 1, You., are able to Fine for Sheriff upon occasion. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 116 P 3 Some have fined for Sheriffs. 1761-2 Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) V. lxix. 179 Box apprehen¬ sive of the consequences which might attend so dubious an election, fined off. fig. a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) I. 82 So sadly dull And stupid, as to fine for Gull. + 4 . Of a magistrate: To fine with (a person). To accept a money payment as the price of con¬ nivance. Sc. X609 Skene Reg. Mai. 135 Gif any Lord of Regalitie sells any theif: or fines with him for theift done. 5 . f a. To pay a fine on the renewal of tenure. (Cf. Fine^. 1 7.) Obs. b. trans. To fine down ox off \ to arrange for a reduction of (rent) upon payment of a fine. So, to fine down a lease. 1670 Walton Lives 1. 50 Our Tenant .. offered to fine at so low a rate as held not proportion with his advantages. 1705 Lond. Gaz. No. 4183/3 The Tenant fining down a Part. 1709 Ibid. No. 4540/5 Fining off part of the Rent after the rate of ten Years Purchase. 1880 [see Fining below]. 6. To fine and recover : see Recover. X831 Scott Jml. (1890) II. 401, I believe I have fined and recovered, and so may be thankful. 7 . To pay a consideration for a specified privilege, or for appointment to an office. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. John xviii. 13 Beeyng a benefice sette to sale it [the high-priesthood] was fined for euery yere to the princes. X776 Adam Smith W. N. i. x. (1869) I. 130 Such adulterine guilds .. were, .obliged to fine annually to the king for permission to exercise their usurped privileges. 18x3 Scott Rokcby 11. xxx, Nobles and knights .. Must fine for freedom and estate. 1818 Hallam Mid. Ages II. viii. 11. 117 In England, women, and even men, simply as tenants in chief, and not as wards, fined to the crown for leave to marry whom they would. 1876 S. Dowell Taxes in Eng. I. iv. 33 In the fifth year of King Stephen, the Londoners fined in C marks of silver, that they might have sheriffs of their own choosing. 8. trans. To punish by a fine; to mulct. Hence simply, to punish (obs.). With the penalty or amount expressed as a second object, or introduced by in. x 559 Fabyan Chron. (1811) 615 Of the whiche prysoners some were after fyned, and some punysshed by longe im- prysonment. 1603 Shaks. Meas. for M. in. 1. 115 If it were damnable, he being so wise, Why would he for the momentarie tricke Be perdurablic fin'rle? 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. 1. i. § 11 He was .. fined five talents. 1679 Burnet Hist. Ref I. 11. 166 He was .. fined in 400 Pound. X692 Locke Consul. Money 12 To Fine Men one Third of their Estates, .seems very hard. 1722 Sew el Hist. Quakers (1795) I. hi. 153 They were fined for not taking off their hats. X794 S. Williams Vermont 294 Others have been fined in large sums. 1827 Hallam Const. Hist. (1876) III. xiii. 9 It was against law to fine a jury for giving a verdict contrary to the court’s direction. 1874 Green Short Hist. iv. § 5. 198 The King was strong enough to fine and imprison the Earls. Mod. The magistrate fined him forty shillings. Hence Fined ppl. a., in fined-down (sense 5) ; Fi’ning vbl. sb., the action of the verb, an instance of this ; also fining down, in quot. attrib. x 599 Massinger, etc. Old Law iv. ii, Your smiles deserve a fining. 1660 Fisher Rusticks Alarm Wks. (1679) I2 5 Fineing, banishing .. and such like. 1880 Daily Tel. 31 Dec. 3/5 Many of the tenants have paid large sums for fined-down leases. Ibid., The fining-down system, by which reductions of rent were bought out by lump sums. Fine (fsin), vfi Also 4-6 fyne(n. [f. Fine a.] To make or become fine. 1 . trans. To make fine or pure ; to purify from extraneous or impure matter; to clarify, refine. Also to fine down. Obs. exc. with reference to beer. + To fine chaff', to drive it off in the process of cleansing the wheat. 1340 Ayenb. io6 Ase defi J?et uer [fiet] clenzefi and fine)? fiet gold, c 1440 Hylton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 11. xxix, Also sone as the wyne is fyned & clered thenne it stondeth styll. 1487 Act 4 Hen. VII , c. 2 Preamb., To fine and part all Gold and Silver. 1520 Whitinton Vulg. (1527) 15 This rynlet of malvesy is not fyned. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. Dec. 125 As the chaffe should in the fan be fynd. 1613 J. Rovenzon Treat. Metallica Diij,The Sowe-Iron may be fined at one time. 1686 Plot Stajfordsh. 338 They have a knack of fineing it [ale] in three days time to that degree, that [etc.]. 1761 Franklin in J. Adams Wks. (1850) II. 82 note. The porter .. is .. fined down with ising-glass. X797 Downing IIis. Horned Cattle 22 That will help to fine and thin the blood. 1823 J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 103 To ‘fine down’ Spirits. 1859 Sala Gas-light <$• D. vi. 71 Has it been adulterated, ‘fined’, doctored. fig. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 2634 For in heven may na saul be sene, Unto it be fyned and clensed clene. 1628 Coke On Litt. 97a, The Law of England, .hath beene fined and refined by an infinite number of graue and learned men. 1663 Blair Autobiog. ii. (1848)49 The Lord is pleased by trials to fine the faith of his servants. 1871 Browning Pr. Hohenst. 1324 Fined and thrice refined I’ the crucible of life. 2 . intr. To grow or become fine or clear; to clarify, lit. and fig. Also, to fine down. 1552 Huloet, Fine, reste, or settle, as wine dothe or other licoure, sido. 1664 Evelyn Pomona Gen. Advt. (1729) 89 It will work so long, that when it fines, the Cider will be hard. X719 Free-thinker No. 134 F 6 The perpetual violent Motions. .hinder his Mind from fining. X756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters I. 46 Water .. which .. appears muddy and foul, will fine .. upon standing. 1822 Imison Sc. <$• Art II. 159 The liquor is now suffered to stand for some time to fine (or become transparent). 1859 Hughes Scouring of White Horse iv. 62 [The ale] hadn’t had quite time to fine down. 13 . trans. To make beautiful, handsome, or elegant. Also, To fine up : to furbish up, smarten. Obs. c 1400 Rom. Rose 1696 For it so wel was enlumyned With colour reed, as wel fyned, As nature couthe it make faire. X567 Trial Treas. in Hazl. Dodsley III. 263 Though the style be barbarous, not fined with eloquence. 1627-77 Feltham Resolves 1. xxviii. 48 He does fine up his homely house. 1655 Gurnall Chr. in Arm. xii. (1669)47 To bestow a great deal of cost in fining up an old Suit. 1664 J. Wilson Cheats n. iv, He does not fine up himself, as he was wont. t 4 . To improve in quality. Obs. 1683 Penn in R. Burton Eng. Emp. Amer. vii. (1685) 111 Whether it be best to fall to Fining the Fruits of the Country ..or send for foreign Stems or Sets already good. 1712 Mortimer Husb. II. v. 23 It fines the Grass, but makes it short, tho* thick. 5 . To make small, thin, or slender. a. To break into fine or small particles. Obs . exc. techn. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke Pref. 9 b, They fyne and beate to powder .. not receiptes of theyr owne, but of Christes. 1725 Bradley Fain. Did. s. v. Ploughing of Land, If the Land mounts full of Clots, .you must fine it by harrowing it when Rain comes. 1880 Lomas Alkali Trade i. 9 The large pieces must first be .. fined by the small tods used for road metal. b. To make keen or subtle. x ?39 Bailey Festus xxix. (1848) 337 Senses fined And pointed brilliantwise. c. To fine away, doivn : to make gradually finer; to thin off, whittle away or down (either a material or an immaterial thing). i8ox Strutt Sports <$• Past. Introd. § 33. 39 The author.. endeavours to fine away the objections of its opponents. 1826 Granby II. iii. 34 You fine down her good qualities so dexterously. 1844 Mbs. Browning Child Asleep viii, To fine down this childish beauty To the thing it must be made. 1866 Ferrier Grk. Philos. I. v. 34 So imperceptibly are they [the changes] fined away into each other. 1868 Helps Realmah xvi. (1876) 449 Fining down his original statement. 1872 Browning Fifine iii, The human beauty. .Tricot fines down if fat. 1887 Fenn Off to Wilds xxix, The sharp stake formed by fining down a good-sized tree. 6. intr. a. To become comminuted, dial. 1868 Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., Fine, to become fine and powdery, in consequence of having been slaked. b. To become attenuated or delicate. 1889 Eng. Illust. Mag. Dec. 255 The wind fined into light, delicate curls of shadow upon the sea. c. To fine away , down , off', to become gradually fine, thin, or less coarse; to dwindle away to the vanishing-point. 1858 Bushnell Sentt . New Life 416 The low superstitions, the coarse and sensual habit .. have gradually fined away. 1876 R. h. Burton Gorilla L. I. 124 Fining imperceptibly away till lost in the convexity of the waters. 1881 Daily Tel. 5 July 2/2 Fining away with delicate keenness at the forefoot. 1884 St. James's Gaz. 29 May 6/1 Beauchamp.. had fined down very much since the Two Thousand. 7 . Of the weather : To clear, rare. 1888 Scott. Leader 12 July 7 [Sailor says'] The weather fined a bit. 8. trails. To bring into good condition. 1835 Sir G. Stephen Adv. Search Horse ii. 27 1 He was brought out half an hour before, Sir, with legs like millstones . .They trotted him up and down .. just to fine his legs.' Hence Fined///, a .; Fi’ning ppl. a. % x 4&3 Cath. Angl. 131/1 Fynde, defecatus , mcratus. 1555 in Strype Eccl. Mem. III. App. xliv. 123 Not with pure and most fined gold. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhoucr's Bk. Physicke To Rdr. 1 Euerye fined and perpolite witte. 1613 Chapman Masque Inns of Court Wks. III. 113 O blow away, Al vapours from the fined ayre. a 1661 Fuller Worthies 1. (1662) 245 Fined Silver in Wedges. 1839 Bailey Festus (1854) 469 How mind will act with, .senses fined .. we know not.. 1888 Daily News 4 Apr. 3/1 A gradually fining river. Fine, dial, form of Find. Fineable, var. form of Finable. Fine art. [Orig. in pi. as transl. of F. beaux - arts ; cf. Fine a. III.] 1 . In plural, the arts which are concerned with * the beautiful or which appeal to the faculty of taste ; in the widest use including poetry, eloquence, music, etc., but often applied in a more restricted sense to the arts of design, as painting, sculpture, and architecture. Hence in sing, one of these arts ; also transf. an art or employment requiring refined and subtle skill comparable to that required in the practice of 1 the fine arts ’. 1767 [see Art sb. n], 1821 Craig Led. Drawing i. 4 Our advancement in the fine arts. 1839 De Quincey Wks. (1864) IV. 1 [title) On Murder, considered as one of the Fine Arts. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Aristocracy Wks. (Bohn) II. 85 Often they have been the friends and patrons .. of the fine arts. 1884 Gladstone Sp. in Pari. 28 Apr., At that period the art of obstruction was not so much of a fine art as it is now. 1890 Watson Conf Poacher v. 58 Poaching is one of the fine arts .. and the man who would succeed must be a specialist. 2 . collect, sing. In generalized sense : The fine arts as constituting a department of practice or study. Also attrib. (often hyphened fine-art'). Mod. I have no pretension to any knowledge of fine art. The column headed ‘Fine-Art Gossip* in the Athenaeum. The fine-art galleries of the museum are not yet opened. Fine-draw, v. [f. Fine a. and adv. + Draw v. The stress is equal or variable.] 1 . trans. To draw or sew together (two edges of a rent, two pieces of tapestry, etc.) so finely that the join is not noticed ; to mend (a garment) neatly. [1713 (Implied in fine-drawer', see below).] X755in John¬ son. 1756 Rout Did. Trade s.v., It is now prohibited to fine-draw pieces of foreign manufacture upon those made in Great Britain, a 1774 Goldsm. tr. Scarrons Comic Rom. (1775) I. 83 Had not a bungling taylor advised him to get his hat fine-drawn. 1833 Marryat P. Simple y L.), It was in my best pair of kerseymeres, but, thanks to the skilful little seamstress, I got them finedrawn. 1852 James Pe- quinillo III. 196 Did you ever buy a coat without looking through it to see that it wasn't fine-drawn? 2 . To draw out to minute fineness, tenuity, or subtlety, lit. and fig. Somewhat rare. 1761 Churchill Rosciad Poems 1763 I. 57 Let wits, like spiders, from the tortured brain Fine-draw the critic-web. 1845 Mrs. S. C. Hall Whiteboy iv. 35 The rude but genuine hospitality was being fine-drawn in every direction. b. intr. (nonce-use.) To execute elaborate varia¬ tions. 1859 G. Meredith R. Feverel II. iv. 44 To gentlemen and ladies he fine-draws upon the viol, ravishingly. Hence Fine-drawing vbl. sb., the action of the vb., also concr. (see quot. 1888). Also Fine- drawer, one who fine-draws. 1713 Phil. Trans. XXVIII. 225 If you tare a piece of Muslin into two Pieces, and give it to one of their Fine- Drawers to set it together again. 1735 Dyche & Pardon Did., Fine Drawing , a. .Way of mending Rents in Cloaths, a particular Part of the Taylor’s Art, and commonly a distinct Employment. 187X G. Meredith II. Richmond lv. (1889) 524 Toss common-sense overboard, there’s no end to your fine-drawings. 1883 Almondbury Gloss., Finedrawcr. 1888 Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk., Fine-drawing , the name of one of the sorts of long or combing wool, sorted out of the fleece. Fine-drawn, ppl. a. [f. Fine a. and adv. + drawn, pa. pple. of Draw. When used attrib. it may have chief stress on first sylh] Drawn fine; drawn out to extreme thinness, tenuity or subtlety, lit. and fig. Also in Raci>ig and Athletics: Reduced in weight or fat by exercise and ‘ training 1840 Elaine Encycl. Rural Sports iv. vi. § 1699. 484 He may go through a very long and severe run, and yet return comparatively but little finer drawn than when he went out. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 387 Many men are ‘ overtrained*, i.e., too fine-drawn from absorption of fat. 1876 T. S. Egan tr. Heine's Atta Troll , etc. 249 The fine¬ drawn aristocrats. 1884 R. Marryat in 19 th Cent. May 840 FINEER. 230 PINERY. Struggling against that fine-drawn network of circumstance. 1887 H. Smart Cleverly Won ii. 14 She was in training, and rather fine drawn to boot. 1887 Lowell Dcmocr. 23 Fine¬ drawn analyses of the Rights of Man. 1888 Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk ., That story is too fine-drawn— i. e, grossly exaggerated. + Fineer, v - 1 Obs. Also 8 finnier. [early form of Veneer.] = Veneer. lit. andySg*. Hence Fineered ppl. a .; Frneering vbl. sb. 1708 New View of London I. 98/2 The Communion Table is neatly Finnierd. 1716 Prot. Mercury 18 May 6 Chests of Drawers .. of the Newest Fashion and best Fineer'd Work in Walnut-Tree. 1778 R. Tickell Wreath of Fashion 98 See Palmerston fineer his Bout's Rhimees. 1780 Descr. Funbridge Wells 11 The yew especially is of lat« become very fashionable, and the goods fineered with it are certainly excessively pretty. 1781 Hayley Tri. Temper 11. 144 Our “young lord.. Fineer’d the mean interior of his mind. 1832 Gell Pompciana II. 74 This sort of fineering with rare marbles. t Fineer, S'. 2 Obs . rare— 1 , [app. ad. Vfw.fini- eren , fijneren to collect money or riches (Oudem.), ad. OF . finer \ cf. Fine vi] (See quot.) 1758-65 Goldsm. Ess., Biog. Mem., The second method of running into debt is called fineering', which is getting goods made up in such a fashion as to be unfit for every other purchaser; and if the tradesman refuses to give them upon credit, then threaten to leave them upon his hands. Ibid., The young man. .could face, fineer and bring custom to a shop with any man in England. Fine ge ntleman. a. A gentleman of polished manners and refined tastes, b. A gentle¬ man of fashion, one who is distinguished for ele¬ gance and correct style in dress and habits of life ; now usually in sarcastic use. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. I. § n Men of pleasure, men of fashion, and fine gentlemen. 1848 Macaulay /list. Eng. I. 368 The fine gentleman’s ornaments, his embroidered coat, his fringed gloves. 1879 Froude Cxsar ix. 90 Fine gentle* men could once more lounge in their clubs. Hence Fine-ge ntlemanish a., foppish. 1865 Spectator 29 Apr. 471/1 Some highly affected and fine-gentlemanish verbosity which we have not met before. Fineish (fai nij), a. Also 6-9 finish, 7 fynish. [f. Fine a. + -ish.] fa. Affecting refinement, fastidious (obs.). b. Somewhat fine, in various senses of that word. 1583 Stanyhurst VEneis , etc. (Arb) 145 Tyndarus .. Would needs bee finish, with bitter frumperye taunting. a 1639 W. Whately Prototypes 11. xxx. (1640) 103 An idle, coy, finish maide is so much the more disdained of wise persons. 1647 Ward Simp. Cobler%6 , I have here and there taken a few finish stitches. 1650 13 . Discolliminium 48 My habit is somwhat fynish as other Gentlemen are. 1832 Miss Mitford Village Ser. v. (1863) 344 A fineish girl. 1867 Carlyle Remin. (1881) II. 165 He was the leanest of man¬ kind. .face and head fineish. .and of a Jew type rather. Fine la*dy. A lady of quality or refinement; a lady of fashion. Often applied sarcastically to a woman who dresses showily, imitates the manners of a class above her own, or is devoted to display and disdains useful work. Also attrib. (hyphened fine-lady ). 1801 Mar. Edgeworth Belinda (1832) II. xxi. 82 The poor gardener, who had been cheated by some fine ladies out of his aloe. 1862 Mrs. Carlyile Lett. III. 145, I had got a little girl.. in place of my fine-lady housemaid. 1893 Miss K. Simpson Jeanie o' Biggersdale 115 Romany lasses could not expect to lead fine-lady lives. Hence Fine-la*dically adv ., after the manner of a ‘ fine lady ’; Fine-ladyish a., like or proper to a ‘fine lady’, finical; Fine-ladyism, the dis¬ position and behaviour of a s fine lady ’, also concr . a fad or crotchet of a ‘ fine lady ’; Fine-lady-like a. = Fine-lady ish. 1777 Mad. D’Arblay Early Diary (1889) II. 189 Rather than appear finical and fine-ladyish, I got out. 1784 R. Bage Barham Dcrwns II. 40 Assuming a certain degree of fine-lady-like effrontery. 1811 Byron Let. to Hodgson 13 Oct. Wks. (1846) 549/1 ,1 am growing. .fine-ladically^/Tvwj'. 1834 Tait's Mag. I. 596/1 The upstart affectation of her fine-ladyism was fulsome. 1866 Geo. Eliot F. Holt (1868) 64 ‘One sort of fine-ladyism is as good as another’, said Felix. 1867 H. Kingsley Silcote of Silcotcs xlviii, A little too fine-ladyish. Fineless (farnles), a. rare. [f. Fine sb. 1 + -less.] Boundless, infinite, unlimited. 1604 Shaks. Oth. in. iii. 173 But Riches finelesse is as poore as Winter, To him that euer feares he shall be poore. 1839 Bailey Festus xix. (1848) 214 All fineless as the future. 1878 Browning La Saisiaz^ That which dropped the dew its fineless food. Finely (fti-nli), adv. Forms: 4 fin(e)-, fyn- liche, 5-6 fyn(e)ly(e, 4, 6- finely, [f. Fine a. + -ly 2 .] In a fine manner (see senses of the adj.). f 1 . In a consummate degree ; perfectly, com¬ pletely. Obs. c 1320 Cast. Lo7>e 1132 Hou fynliche in herte God louej> }?e. 1 34 0_ 7 ° Alisaunder 1201 Fende mee finliche well to fonde my strength. 1655 Culpepper Riverius vii. i. 152 The Tumor vanished, and she was finely cured. 2 . With consummate skill, with beautiful work¬ manship or admirable finish. In mod. use merged in 6. c 1340 Cursor M. 6563 (Fairf.) Hit ys of gold finely di3t. 14.. Tundale's Vis. 1656 Of red gold fynly ennamelyd. 1587 Turuerv. Trag. T. (1837) 169 And finely finisht up the ship. 3 . In a state of fine division; to a fine point or edge; so as to be subtle or delicate in structure; delicately, minutely. c 1550 Lloyd Treas. Health (1585) T viij, Make them into pouder fynelye. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. i. 4 The leaves are much more jagged .. finelier cut. 1606 Peach am Draiving iv. 10 Get you black lead, sharpened finelie. 1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. Ctcss. Mar. 4 Jan., Napkins .. as finely wrought as the finest handkerchiefs. 1816 L. Hunt Rimini in. 16 The other finelier spun. 1847 Johnston in Proc. Benv. Nat. Club II. No. v. 222 The skin is very finely striolate. 1863 Lyell Antiq. Man 46 Finely laminated sand. fig. 1693 Dryden Orig. of Sat. Prose Wks. 1800 III. 212 Here is the Majesty of the heroick finely mixed with the venom of the other. 1885 Bookseller 5 Mar. 240/2 The dis¬ tinction in these mixed races seems very finely drawn. 4 . With respect to action, speech, etc.: With delicacy and nicety ; delicately, subtly, nicely. 1548 Hall CJiron. 18 He would that poinct should be .. more fynely and closely handled. 1608 Yorksh. 2 Yag. 1. ii, Chide me? Do’t finely then. 1710 Hearne Collect. II. 369 In y City of Rome they spoke more finely .. than in Pro¬ vinces. 1712 Addison Sped. No. 345 P 21 The new Passion that was awakened in him [Adam] at the sight of her [Eve] is touch’d very finely. 1851 Mrs. Browning Casa Guidi Windcnus 2 Who. .touched the heart of us So finely that the pity scarcely pained. 1867 F. Francis Angling iii. (1880) 79 The angler is compelled to fish as finely as possible. 1883 Kendal Mercury 4* Times 23 Nov. 5/1 An elevating or finely humanising tendency. f 5 . Cleverly, cunningly, shrewdly. Obs. 1542 Udall Erasnt. Apoph. 11. (1877) 326 The argument of his frendes he did moste finely wrest to the contrarie of their menyng. 1579-80 North Plutarch (1676) 154 Whereas he himself by Hannibal was first finely handled and deceived. a 1639 Wotton Essex <5- Dk. Buckhm., Wee rate this one secret as it was finely carried at 4000/. in present money. 6 . In a manner fitted to call forth admiration ; admirably, beautifully, excellently, splendidly. 1690 W. Walker Idiomat. Anglo-Lat. 330 Thou hast plaid thy part finely. 1759 tr. DuhamcVs Husb. 11. i. (1762) 128 The crop came up finely. 1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia 1 . 1. iv. 135 Lockhart-hall. .is finely situated on the right bank of the Clyde. 1850 Lynch Theo. Trin. 81 Greenish tints, finely contrasting with its [the moon’s] own soft white. b. ironically. 1579 Fulke Heskins' Pari. 222 He scoffeth finely at our spirituall sifting of the sacrament so fine. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. v. iii. 22 Wee’ll betray him finely. 1691 South Serm. Nat. <$* Meets, of Conscience ii, I doubt not but you will find that kingdom .. finely governed in a short time. 1778 Mad. D’Arblay Dia?y Sept., When we are away, I suppose she pays us off finely. 1883 Stevenson Treas. I si. 1. iv, My heart was beating finely when we two set forth. c. dial. Used predicatively as quasi-aajf. : Very well in health. 1818 Todd Johnson s.v. Finely 7 In Cumberland a man in good health being asked how he is, answers ‘ he is finely’. 1840SPURDENS E. Anglian JVds., * How is your wife, John, after her groaning?’ ‘Finely, sir, thank’ee.’ 1878 in Cumber Id. Gloss. 7 . With respect to dress: Showily, handsomely. 1665 Boyle Occas. Refi. (1845)354 Many of them as finely and as richly dress’d, as if [etc.]. 8. Comb. With pples. forming adjs., as finely- arched, -bred, -chequered, -pinnated, -situated, -tempered, -timed, -varied, -veined, -wrought. 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. III. xxxv. 35 Each ^finely- arched chapel. 18 .. Tristram in Queen's Printers' Bible - Aids 54 A swift or ^finely-bred camel. 1728-46 Thomson Spring 776 The ^finely-checkered duck. 1870 Kingsley in Gd. Words 239 *Finely-pinnated mimosa leaves. 1875 W. McIlwraith Guide Wigtownshire 94 The. .^finely-situated .. Endcliffe House. 1869 Boutell Arms <$* Arm. vii. 120 tTheir ^finely-tempered blades. 1658-9 Burtons Diary (1828) III. 558 His was a *finely-timed speech. 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. IV. Ii. 23 Her voice, .in its *finely-varied tones. 1763C0LLINSON in Phil. Trans. LIV. 65 Four *finely-veined transparent wings. 1873 Hamerton Jntell'. Life iii. iii. (1876) 91 The *finely-wrought texture of the verse. Fineness (fai’njnes). [f. Fine a. + -ness.] The quality or state of being fine. 1 . Choice or superior quality. C1400 Test. Love 11. (1560) 291/1 Margarite .. sheweth in it selfe by fineness of colour, whether [etc.]. 1523 Fitzherb. Surv. 3 The fynenesse of the grasse. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. xii. 515 For finenesse of her turfe surpassing. 1847 Tenny¬ son Trine . 11. 133 Some men’s [heads] were small; not they the least of men; For often fineness compensated size. + b. concr. Articles of good quality. Obs. 1579-8° North Plutarch (1676) 40 Such other like costly furniture and fineness. 2 . Freedom from foreign admixture, purity. a. in metals : usually in the sense of comparative freedom from alloy. 1487 Act 4 Hen. VII, c. 2 Pream., It caliseth Money .. to be made worse in Fineness than it should be. 1555 Eden Decades 38 Of lyke finenes to that wherof the florenes are coyned. 1638 Penkethman Artach. K iv, The finenesse of their Coine, which did farre exceed ours. 1704 Royal Prod. 18 June in Loud. Gas. No. 4029/1 The Currency of all Pieces .. shall .. stand Regulated, according to their Weight and Fineness. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 640 The money of the kingdom should be recoined according to the old standard, .of fineness. b. Of a liquid : Clearness. 1657 Howell Londinop. 13 The finenesse of the River. 1664 Evelyn Pomona Gen. Advt. (1729) 87 Broach the Vessel . .and see what Fineness it is of. 3 . Fine or striking appearance, handsomeness. Of dress : Showiness, splendour. 1553 Eden Treat . Ncwe Ind. (Arb.) 14 The chiefe cytie.. is in situacion and fynenes much lyke vnto the cytie of Milayne. 1667 Decay Chr. Piety v. 87 The fineness of Cloaths destroys the ease, a 1704 T. Brown Praise Wealth Wks. 1730 I. 84 The fineness of his address. 1719 London & Wise Compl. Gard. p. xxv. In the beauty and fineness of the Trees. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones xvi. v, He greatly admired the fineness of the dresses. 1841 L. Hunt Seer 11. (1864) 76 He wrote to the Prince of Orange upon the fineness of his troops. 4. Slenderness, tenuity, thinness. Of a point or edge: Keenness, sharpness. 1533 Elyot Cast. Hcltheu. (1540) 17/1 By fourme is vnder- stand grossenesse, fynenesse, thicknesse or thynnesse. 1657 J* Smith Myst. Rhct.69 Litotes, Aitot179. .smalness or finenesse, derived from Aito? (lit os .. small or fine). 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 393 A Screw, whose Thread shall be of the same fineness that the Screw and the Shank is of. 1825 J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 352 The wire is .. then in the proper state for being reduced to the utmost degree of fineness it is capable of sustaining. 1837 Landor PentamcronNVs. 1846 II. 312 As little as a silkworm knows about the fineness of her thread. 5. The quality of being composed of fine particles, filaments, threads, or material in general: the opposite of coarseness. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 182 Taffataes of transparent finenesse. 1770 Chesterf. Misc. Wks. II. Ixix. 538 Irish linen .. much about the same fineness and price of the last. 1846 McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 505 Without injuring the fineness of the fleece. i860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. ix. vii. 268 Fineness of structure in the body .. renders it capable of the most delicate sensation. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. IX. 158 The degree of fineness to which this grinding is carried varies. 6 . Of immaterial things, e. g. of thought and speech: Subtly-refined quality, delicacy, subtlety. 1606 Shaks. Tr. <$• Cr. 1. iii. 209 Those that with the finenesse of their soules, By Reason guide his execution. 1607 R. C. World of Wonders To the Reader A iv, The finenesse, fitnesse, and featnesse of the phrase. 1654 J ER * Taylor Real P?‘es. 205 It were a finenesse of Spirit to be able to believe the two parts of a contradiction. 1689-90 Temple Ess. Learning Wks. 1731 I. 167 That Language [the French] has much more Fineness and Smoothness at this Time. 1718 Prior Wks. Pref., The Softness of Her Sex, and the Fineness of Her Genius, conspire to give Her a very dis¬ tinguishing Character. 1780 Mad. D’Arblay Diary Apr., He . .played with a fineness that resembled the man we looked at at Piozzi’s benefit. 1856 Masson Ess. x. 452 Those peculiar finenesses and flights of intellectual activity which are native to verse. 1878 E. Jenkins Havcrholme 98 The delicate fineness and fragrance of her flattery. b. A nice or subtle point or matter; a subtlety. 1622 Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alfu. ii. 17 Thinking that .. there was no need of these finenesses and niceties betweene them, a 1716 South Serm. Extemp. Prayers (1737) II. iv. 130 In matters of wit, and finenesses of imagin¬ ation. 7. Subtlety, astuteness, cunning; a stratagem, artifice. Cf. Finesse 3 , 4 . Now rare. 1546 St. Papers Hen. VIII, XI. 374 He said that the fyne¬ nesse of the Frenchemen was suclie, that they wold gyve a thowsande to wynne a myllion. 1581 T. Howell Denises (1879) 233 Your curious hed may finenesse frame. 1658 Cleveland Rustick Rampant (1687) 469 By this Fineness they are gained to quit the Gates. 1663 Flagellum; or O. Cromwell (1672) 55 For his party had tryed all ways to over-reach the Presbyterean with fineness and Artifice. 1685 H. More Cursory Refi. A 1 a, Against all the Fine¬ nesses of Rome. 1872 Tennyson Gareth <$• Lyncttc, And so fill up the gap where force might fail With skill and fineness. Finer 1 (farnsi). [f. Fine + -er 1 .] One who or that which fines or refines, a refiner. 1489 Act 4 Hen. VII, c. 2 Pream., Fynours and parters of golde and silver by fire and water. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. (1586) 11. no The finers rather desier the coles that are made of the pine tree. 1647 H award Crown Rev. 23 Chiefe Finer [in the Mint]: Fee, 10/. os. od. 1815 Specif, of e Hnshet's Patent No. 3944 Fillers’ iron, or metal of a quality fit for the purposes of the puddling furnace. 1858 Bushnell Serm. New Life 280 Is it a filler’s fire? Finer 2 (faimai). dial. [f. Fine z>. 2 + -er 1 .] 1891 Labour Commission Gloss., Finer, the one who fines; a name given to the inspector by Lancashire factory hands. Finery 1 (forneri). [f. Fine a. + -ery; perh. on the analogy of Bravery.] 1. fa. * Fine ’ appearance; beauty or elegance viewed disparagingly (obs.). b. Smartness, stylish¬ ness, affected or ostentatious elegance or splendour (now rare). 1729 Law Serious C. iv. 57 They want.. to maintain their families in some such figure and degree of finery as a reason¬ able Christian life has no occasion for. 1741 Watts Improi*. Mind 1. xv. § 4. 214 Don’t chuse your constant Place of Study by the Finery of the Prospects. 1741 Middleton Lct.fr. Rome Postscr. 244 To gaze at the finery of these •paintings. 1792 Wolcott (P. Pindar) More Money Wks. 1812 II. 496 Never wish to keep a thing for finery. 1847 James Convict iii, There was a looking for comfort rather than finery. 1865 Merivale Rom. Emp. VIII. Ixvi. 250 They represent, .a certain fantastic finery of manners. 2. concr. Gaudy or showy decoration; showy dress. Also in pi. 1680 Miss A. Montague in Llatton Corr. (1878) 240, I doe not heare of much finnery, and what I shall have will not deserve that name. 1726 Amherst Tcrrae Fil. v. 25 Sciences and arts have declin’d in Oxford, in proportion as their fineries have increased. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 170 ?4 My sisters envied my new finery. 1805 N. Nicholls Let. in Corr. w. Gray (1843) 53 When Mr. Walpole added the gallery, with its gilding and glass, he said, ‘he had degenerated into finery’. 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lamps i. § 7. 16, I would not have that useless expense in unnoticed FINERY. 231 FINGER. fineries or formalities. 1858 Hawthorne Fr. <$• It. Jmls. I. 192 Children rendered stiff .. by the finery which they wear. t 3 . pl. Instances of fine or delicate workmanship. 1713 Derham Phys. TheoL vih. iv. 407 The minute Curio¬ sities and inimitable Fineries, observable in those lesser Animals. Finery 2 (fsi’neri). Also 7-8 finary. [a. Fr. fineric , f. finer to refine, Fine v ; see -ery.] 1 . A hearth where cast iron is made malleable, or in which steel is made from pig-iron. 1607 Cowell Ititerpr. s. v. Blow ary. One of the forges belonging to an iron mill .. called a Finary. 1613 J. Ro- venzon Treatise of Metallica C4 The furnaces may be made with conuenient places therein for the Finery and Chaffery. 1697 Penal Laws 255 Any Iron-Mill Fur¬ nace, Finary or Blomary for the making of iron or metal. 1831 J. Holland Manuf. Metal I. 80 One man and a boy at the finery should make two tons of iron in a week. 1864 Percy Iron Steel 579 Before the introduction of [puddling] the conversion was always effected in a finery. 2 . The action of refining iron. rare. 1839 Ure Diet. Arts 699 The finery .. is executed in peculiar furnaces called running-out fires. 3 . Comb., as finery-cinder (see quot. 1826); finery-furnace (see quot. 1874) ; finery-hearth =finery furnace. 1788 Priestley in Phil. Trans. LXXVIII. 154 Also when the scale of iron, or *finery cinder, is heated. 1810 Henry Elem. Chew. (1840) II. 21 Iron thus treated [with water when red-hot], .may be crumbled down into a black powder, to which the name of finery cinder was given by Dr. Priestley. 1791 Beddoes in Phil. Trans. LXXXI. 173 The reverberatory has been substituted in the place of the *finery furnace. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 847/2 Finery- furnace, a species of forge-hearth in which gray cast-iron is smelted by fuel and blast, and from which it is run into iron troughs for sudden congelation. 1693 Lister in Phil. Trans. XVII. 866 Bars .. taken up out of the *Finnery Harth, or second Forage, are much better Iron than those which are made in the Bloomary. Fi •ne-spu:n, a. [f. Fine adv. + Spun ppl. «.] 1 . Spun or drawn out to extreme tenuity; delicate in texture, flimsy. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk Sf Selv. Ep. Ded., When men had wrought up all the Woman within them that was feeble and glowing, into a fine-spun thread. 1704 F. Fuller Med. Gymn. (1718) 20 The Solids are so fine-spun. 1798 Sotheby tr. Wieland's Oberon (1826) II. 152 Fine-spun as if aerial spiders wove a web to deck, not hide the form of love. 1856 R. A. Vaughan Mystics (i860) I, 33 The fine-spun, gay- coloured ribbons of allegory. 2 . fig. Elaborated to flimsiness, excessively subtle or refined. 1647 Sir R. Fanshaw tr. Guarino's Pastor Fido 11. vi. 13 That Mistresse in the art of making The fine-spun lyes, that sels so deer False words, false hopes and a false leer. 1719 W. Wood Sum. Trade 161, I am an Enemy to the fine-spun Notions, some Men do .. advance concerning them. 1842 Emerson Nat., Transcendentalist Wks. (Bohn) II. 280 The materialist .. mocks at fine-spun theories. Finesse (fine's), sb. Forms : 6 fynes(se, 7-8 fines(s, 6- finesse, [a. F. finesse = Pr. and Sp. fineza , Cat. finesa,\t. finezza Com. Rom. *finitia , f. fino Fine a. (Many of the early examples may belong to Fineness; cf. the spellings playnes , prophaness for plainness , profaneness .)] + 1 . = Fineness in various senses ; purity, degree of purity (of precious metals); clearness (of a liquid); slenderness, delicacy of structure or texture. 1528 Paynel Salerne's Regim. H b, Wyne made hotte, by reason of the clerenes and fynes, ouer cometh a mans brayne the soner. 1549 Latimer 1st Serm. bef. Edw. VI ( Arb.) 35 The fynes of the Silver I can not se. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 59 b, Tamarisk hath much finesse in the partes. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learning 1. iv. § 5. 20 Copwebs of learning, admirable for the finesse of thread and worke. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj., Stat. David II, 44 That it be equivalent, & conforme to the current money of England in wecht & fines. 1665 Phil. Trans. I. 66 Sand and Powders of several finesses. 1700-1 Act 12-13 Will. Ill , c. 4 § 3 Silver Vessell Plate .. less in finess then according to the Standard of this Kingdom, f b. Ostentatious elegance or splendour. Obs. 1549 Olde Erasm. Par. Eph. Prol. ij. Therefore where vn- necessary fynesse wanteth, accept true meanyng playnesse. 1589 Puttenham Eng. Poesie hi. xxiii. (Arb.) 273 Too much finesse and curiositie is not commendable in an Embassadour .. I haue knowen . .such of them, as studied more vpon what apparell they should weare. .then they did vpon th’ effect of their errant. 2 . Delicacy or subtlety of manipulation or dis¬ crimination ; refinement, refined grace. Now rare, and only as a foreign word. 1564 A. B. tr. Jewels Apol. Lv, The old fynesse and elo¬ quence that Cicero and Cesar vsed .. in the Latin tonge. 1580 F rampton Dial. Vron % Steele 148 b, I doe not speake of the finesse and delicatenesse that there is in sodering of it. 1704 F. Fuller Med. Gy inn. Pref., The Perfection of an Operation shall depend upon a certain Finesse. 1727-41 Chambers Cycl., Finesse.. among us, it is chiefly used to denote that peculiar delicacy or subtlety perceived in works of the mind .. This man understands all the Finesses of his art. The substance and necessary part of a language is learnt at a little expence : It is the Finesses and delicacies that cost the most. 1750 Chesterf. Lett. III. ccxxiv. 15 To understand all the force and finesse of those three languages. 1782 Cowper Tabled. 652 His musical finesse was such. 1791 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 2 Aug., Her smile, which was rare, had a finesse very engaging. 1821 Hazlitt Tabled. I. iv. 90 Tact, finesse, is nothing but the being completely aware of the feeling belonging to certain situations, passions, etc. 1878 Masque Poets 31 Where the gold festal goblets stand Carved by Lysippus’ rare finesse. 3 . Artfulness, cunning, subtle strategy. 1530 in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. in. I. 298, I knaw ellis the fynes of the man and nayn mayr dowbyll in our realm. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. v. (1739) 12 Nor could Austin with his miracles or finesse settle one footstep of his Church-policy amongst them. 1713 Steele Guardian No. 174 P4 Nor shall I speak dishonourably of some little artifice and finesse used upon these occasions. 1798 Jane Austen Northang. Abb. (1833) I. v. 21 She was not experienced in the finesse of love. 1869 R awlinson A tic. Hist. 202 He was a master of finesse. 4 . An artifice, stratagem, trick. 1562 J. Shute Cambine's Turk. Wars 4 When the Turcke dyd understande this fynesse of Scanderbeg. 1615 Daniel Hymens Tri. (1717) m Full of their Finesses, Serve their own Turns in others Businesses. 1756 Monitor No. 27 ? 12 The project.. is .. as delicate a Finesse in politicks as has been played for many a year. 1790 Beatson Nav. <$• Mil. Mem. 281 By way of finesse, she saluted the Admiral. 1839 Times 6 Apr. in Spirit Metrop. Conserv. Press (1840) I. 196 Though cordially sensible to the merits of a bold finesse. b. In whist: (see quot.). 1862 ‘Cavendish’ JVhisti 1870)28 A finesse is an endeavour, by the second or third player, to obtain or keep the com¬ mand of a suit by heading a trick with an inferior card, though holding a higher one of the suit not in sequence. Finesse (fine-s), v. [f. prec. sb.] 1 . intr. To use finesse, artifice, or stratagem. 1778 Conquei'ors 61 The flights finesse. 1803 Edin. Rev. II. 103 But our author can hector as well as finesse. 1867 Miss Braddon Aur. Floyd i. 15 She diplomatized and finessed with them as if she had been canvassing the county. b. trails. To conduct by artifice; to bring or modify by finesse or delicate handling into (a speci¬ fied state). Also with away. 1814 Jane Austen Watsons Concl. (1879) 290 Till such time as Reginald de Courcy could be talked, flattered and finessed into an affection. 1851 Ruskin Stones Ven. I. xiv. § 16 A battlement .. may be decorated .. or finessed away into traceries. 1885 L. Wingfield B. Philpot II. iii. 75 The Bill had been finessed through the first stage. 2 . a. Whist, intr. To attempt to take a trick by finesse; also trails. To play (a particular card) for the purpose of finessing. 1746 Hoyle Whist (ed. 6) 4 He finesses upon your Partner. Ibid. 4,0 Your Adversary finesses the Knave. 1752 A. Murphy Gray s-Inn Jml. No. 7 F4, I can now return my Partner’s Suit, lead through the Honour, Finesse [etc.]. 1837 Dickens Pickw. xxxv, Mr. Pickwick had not .. finessed the heart. 1885 Proctor Whist vii. 86 You may finesse more deeply in trumps than in plain suits. b. Croquet, intr . To play one’s ball out of the adversary’s way. 1875 J. D. Heath Croquet Player 65 Blue’s best game would be to finesse to the corner near him. Hence Finessed ppl. a.; Fine'ssing’ vbl. sb. Also Finesser, a schemer, strategist. 1746 Hoyle Whist (ed. 6) 68 Finessing , means the en¬ deavouring to gain an Advantage by Art and Skill. 1774 Goldsm. Retal. 106 If they were not his own by finessing and trick. 1835 Miss Sedgwick Linwoods I. 212 Con¬ triving. .like an expert finesser. 1851 Ruskin Stones Ven. I. xxi. § 11 Educated imbecility and finessed foolishness. 1861 Macm. Mag. Dec. 134 Finessing is scarcely ever admissible in quadrille, the number of cards being too limited. Fine-still, sb. [f. Fine a. -1- Still sb.] A vessel used in distilling spirit from treacle. I 73 I ~3 R Shaw Chem. Led. xii. (1755) 247 Coarse-Stills and Fine-Stills. Hence Fine-still v., to distil spirit from treacle or the like; Fine-stiller, one who fine-stills; Fine-stilling* vbl. sb. 1731-3 P. Shaw Chem. Led. xii. (1755)248 There needs no particular Experiment to shew the business of the Fine- Stiller ; this being no more than working .. from aWash made by fermenting Treacle with Yeast. .1847 Craig, Fine- stiller. Fine-stilling.. is employed in distilling spirit from treacle, or other preparations .. of sugar. + Finew, sb. Obs. exc. dial. Forms: 6 fe- nowe, 7-8 finnow, finew, 8 vinew, vinnow, 9 dial, vinny. [f. Finew v.] Mouldiness, mould. *556 Withals Did. N ij a/i Fenow or horenesse in bread, viucor, -coris. 1658 Evelyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 230 En¬ damaging the beans by a musty finnow, which bespots them. 1669 Boyle Contn. Neve Exp. 11. (1868) 68 The fruits were covered with a kind of mucor or Finew. a 1722 Lisle Observ. Husb. (1757) Gloss., Vinncnv, mouldiness. + Fi’new, v. Obs. exc. dial. Forms: 6-7fenow, finnew, vinew, 8 finnow, 9 dial. vinny. fOE. fynegian, i.fynig mouldy (see Finny a. 2 ), f. fyne: see Fen sb. 2 ] a. intr. To become mouldy or musty, b. trails. To cause to become mouldy. Also fig. c 1000 Canons AZlfric § 36 paet \>sct halite husel sceole fyne^ian. 1581 Pettie Guaszo's Civ. Cony. 1. (1586) -50 Secretes which he suffered to mould and vinew within it. <21633 Lf.nnard tr. Char roll's Wisd. 1. xxxi. § 1 (1670)88 With time it [sadness] rusteth and fenoweth the soul, ai'jzz Lisle Observ. Husb. (1757) 206 Whereby the undermost corn .. finnows [marg. gloss molds]. Hence Frnewing vbl. sb. 1552 Hulof.t, Vinewing, or molinge of breade or wyne for stalenes, mucor. 1609 C. Butler Fern. Mon. (1634) 174 It [syrup of violets] may be kept a year without finnewing or conniption. Fine-weather, a. Fit or suitable only for fine weather. 1829 Mai;KYAT F. Mildmay iii, A .. frigate ran on board of us .. and left her fine-weather-jib hanging on our fore¬ yard. t Fi'newed, a. Obs. exc. dial. Forms : a. 6-7 fenoed, fen(n)owed, finuowed, 7 finewed. 0. 6-9 vin(n)ewed, (6 ven-, vinued, 7 whinid, vinnowed), 9 vinned, -ied. [f. Finew sb. or v. + -ed.] Mouldy. a. 1574 Hellovves Gueuards Fam. Ep. (1577) 94 Bread long kept groweth finnowed. 1669 Boyle Contn. New Exp. 11. (1682)42 The paste was finewed or mouldy. p. 1552 Hulof.t, Vynued, mucidns. Vynewed wyne. 1606 Shaks. Tr. <$• Cr. 11. i. 15 Speake then you whinid’st leauen speake. 1880 IV. Cornw. Gloss. s. v., Blue-ripe cheese is called vinnied cheese. b- fig. a. 1571 Mirr. Mag., Ld. Hast mgs xxviii, A Souldiers hands must oft be dyed with goare, Least, Starke with rest, they finewd wax and hoare. 1619 Favour Antiq. Tri¬ umphing xiii. § 10. 334 The foisty and fenowed Festival. 1655 E. Terry Voy. E. Ind. 117 Who instead of the two Breasts of the Church, the Law and the Gospel, are fed with mouldy and finnowed Traditions. p. 1602 F. Beaumont in Speght Chaucer , That many of his words are become (as it were) vinewed & hoarie with ouerlong lying. Hence + Fine wedness. 1580 Baret A lv. H 460 Hoarnesse, or vinewednesse. + Frnewy, a. Obs. Also finnowy, virmowy. [f. Finew sb. + -yl.] Mouldy. Hence Fi newiness. a 1722 Lisle Obsem. Husb. (1757) 54 The moldiness and finnowyness of the grass. Ibid. 82 The seed-beans were finnowy. Ibid. Gloss., Finnowy, vinnowy, vinnewed, vin- ney, mouldy. II Fingan, finjan (finga-n, -d;$a-n). Also 7 fin-ion, 9 fingian. [Arab, finjan, in Egypt fingan. ] A small porcelain coffee-cup, used in the Levant. 1609 W. Biddulph in T. Lavender Trav. Englishmen 66 A Fin-ion or Scudella of Coffa. 1836 Lane Mod. Egyptians I. 168 The coffee-cup (which is called fnga f n) is small, .and, being without a handle, is placed within another cup, of silver or brass. 1842 Lady H. Stanhope Mem. (1845) I. iii. 81 The pipe, coffee and a finjan of orange-flower water. Fingent (fund gent), a. rare ~ 1 . [ad. D.fingcnt- em, pr. pple. of fingere to fashion, form.] Given to fashioning or moulding. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. (1857) 1 .1. 1. ii. 7 Man is the most fingent, plastic of creatures. Finger (fvqgsi), sb. Forms: 1 finger, 3 fenger, fingre, tinker, 3-4 south. ving(e,'re, 3. 7 finguer, 4-5 fyngir, -yr, fin-, fyngur, fingere, fyngre, 4-6 fynger, 6 fin-, fyngar, 3- finger. [Com. Teutonic. OE. and OFris. finger , OS. fiitgar (D11. vingcr), fingar (MHG. vinger, Ger. finger), ON . fingr (Sw., Da. finger), Goth. figgrs OTeut. *fingro-z. The pre-Teut. antecedent is uncertain; of various forms that are phonologically possible the most likely, on the ground of meaning, is *penqrris, related to *penqe Five.] I. 1 . One of the five terminal members of the hand ; in a restricted sense, one of the four exclud¬ ing the thumb. In this latter sense, the fingers are commonly numbered first to fourth, starting from that next the thumb. Also, forefinger , index- finger, the first; middle finger (f fool's finger), the second ; ring-finger ( annular, + leech-, + medical, + physic-finger), the third; little finger {ear-finger), the fourth. C950 Lindisf Gosp. Matt, xxiii. 4 MiS fynger. .hiora nallas 5 a [byr 5 enna hefi^a] ymbeerrse. c 1050 Byrhtfertlis Hand- boc in Anglia VIII. 326 paet J>u cume to J>aes lsestan fingres naegle. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 13 pas .x. bebode J>e godalmihti seolf idihte and awrat mid is a3ene fingres. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 309/320 peos fif fingres deuel hath. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. 11.11 Hir Fyue Fyngres weore frettet with Rynges. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 158 Bitwene J>e litil fyngir and f»e leche fiyngir. 14.. Camb. MS. B'f. v. 48 If. 82 (Cath. Angl. 131/2) The fifte fynger is the thowmbe. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. W. de W. 1531) 34b, Caused, .a meruaylous swete sauour to respy re and smell aboute his fyngers. 1549 Bk. Com. Prayer, Matrimony,Ho put it vpon the fowerth finger of the womans left hande. 1611 Cotgr., Le doigt sale, the middle finger, which we (after the Latines) call the fooles finger. 1621 Molle Camerar. Liv. Libr. v. ii. 321 His fourth finger called the Ring-finger or Physicke-finger. 1653 Urquhart Rabelais 1. viii, Upon the medical finger of the same hand, he had a ring. 1707 Floyer Physic. Pulse-Watch 229 They lay their four Fingers along the Artery. 1794 Cowpf.r Let. 5 Jan., My pen slips out of my fingers. 1804 Med. Jml. XII. 24 Contractions, .so small as only to admit the passage of the little finger. 1819 Shelley Cenci 111. i. 83 Those pallid hands whose fingers twine With one another. 1861 Hulme tr. Moquin-Tandon 1. ii. 4 The fingers are 5 in number in each hand : they are named thumb, index, middle, ring, and little finger. b. Little finger : used to signify the smallest member of the body. 1611 Bible 2 Chron. x. 10 My litle [1382 Wyclif, lest] finger shall he thicker then my father’s loynes. 1670 Ray Eng. Prov. 175 He hath more in’s little finger, then thou in thy whole body. 1736 Ramsay Scot. Prov. xiv. 34 He has mair wit in his little finger than ye have in a’ your bouk. 2. trail sf and fig. 1612 Bacon Ess., Judicature (Arb.) 458 An ancient Clearke ..is an excellent finger of a Court, and doth many times point the way to the Iudge himselfe. a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 216 The least finger thereof [body of lies] finding credit could prove heavy enough to crush any innocence with posterity. 1827 Pollok Course T. vn. 327 Touched by the mortal finger of decay. 1814 Wordsw. Excurs. vi. 19 Spires whose solemn finger points to Heaven. 1862 li. Taylor Poet's Jml. iii, 112 The fingers of the rain In light staccatos FINGER. 232 FINGER. on the window played. 1891 B. Harte First Family of Tasajara 11 . i. 27 On whose mute brown lips Nature seemed to have laid the finger of silence. b. Viewed as * the instrument of work ’ (J.) ; esp. (after Heb. use) as attributed to God. c 825 Vesp. Psalter viii. 4 Ic gesie heofenas were fingra Sinra. a 1340 Ham pole Psalter viii. 4, I sal! see h* heuens werkes of hi fyngirs. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's IInsb. (1586) I. s b, All things handled with honest and vertuous fyngers prosper the better. 1585 Abp. Sandys Semi . (1841) 288 He cast out devils by the finger of God. 1611 Bible Ex. viii. 19 The Magicians said vnto Pharaoh ; This is the finger of God. 1645 Waller Epist. Vandike 18 Foole, that forget’st her stubborne looke This softnesse from thy finger tooke. 1727 De Foe Syst. Magic 1. iii. (1840) 77 What they did by their sorcery, .was not done by the finger of God. 3 . Phrases : a. + To bring up on the finger : = * to bring up (young animals) by hand ’; see Hand. + To have most fingers : to be in the greatest need. To lay or put a finger upon (a per soil) : to ‘ touch ’, meddle with however slightly. To lay or put one s finger upon : to indicate with precision. To look through the or one s fingers (at, upon ) : to take no heed, pretend not to see ; also, to see indistinctly. To put (f set) ones finger in one's eye : see Eye sb. 2 c. With one's finger in one s mouth : (a) helplessly inactive ; (b) with nothing accomplished, ‘ looking foolish + To speak at one s fingers of\ to speak off-hand about. To stir a finger : to make the least effort. To turn or hoist (a person ) round ones ( little) finger : to make subservient to one’s will or caprice. 1549 Latimer 4 th Serm. bef Edw . VI (Arb.) 105 If the kynge .. shoulde loke through his fingers, and wynke at it. 1550 Coverdale Spir. Ferle xx. 193 As thoughe God must . .loke thorovve the fingers vpon the wicked world, a 1568 — Bk. Death hi. v. (1579) 263 Many, .which .. haue set finger in the eye, knocked vpon there breastes [etc.]. 1579 Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 24 To shew you that. .which I see in a cloude, loking through my fingers. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts Pref., He was an unskilful Divine, .which could not at his fingers speak of these things. 1617 Markham Caval. II. 109 Those that neuer suck their dams, but. .are. .brought vp vpon the finger. 1649 Cromwell Lett. 14 Nov., To stand with our fingers in our mouths. 1677 Yarranton Eng. Improv. 171 It is we poor Men that have most Fingers. 1854 H. Miller Sch. <$• Selim. (1858) 338, I. .would not stir a finger in assertion of.. alleged rights. 1855 Motley Dutch Rep. v. iii. 11866) 698 Margaret .. had already turned that functionary round her finger. 1865 R. S. Hawker Prose IVles. (1893) 41 He wished he’d, .never laid a finger on him to save his life. 1874 in Spectator ( 1891) 28 Mar. 443 He returned to Ireland with his finger in his mouth. 1889 Repent. P. Wentworth III. 236 Any definite complaint on which a physician could have put his finger. 1894 Doyle S. Holmes 120 You lay your finger upon the one point which we [etc,]. b. with reference to the capacity or condition of the fingers. + To have a fine finger : to be apt at * lingering’ bribes. + To have fingers made of lime- twigs : to be thievish. My fingers itch : I am eager or impatient. + Each finger is a thumb ; his fingers are all thumbs : he is extremely clumsy. With a wet finger : with the utmost ease. 1542 \jD\LLApophth. To Rdr.,Whereby, .to any good matter in the booke conteined, readie waie and recourse maie with a weate finger easily be found out. 1546 J. Heywood Prov. (1562) Giij b, Whan he should get ought, eche fynger is a thumbe. 1549 Latimer 5 th Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 151 Brybes wyl make you peruert iustice. Why you wil say. We touche none. No mary. But my Mystres your wyfe hath a fyne fynger she toucheth it for you. 1573 G. Harvey Letter- bk. (Camden) 10 Ani quaestion which 1 culd not shew with a wet finger out of sum excellent .. writer. 1596 Harington Met am. Ajax (1814)65 A certain gentleman that had his fingers made of lime-twigs, stole a pice of plate. 1600 Holland Livy xxxvm. xii. (1609^ 1009 They had lesse store of pillage and bootie with them to set their .. fingers on itching. 1754 Foote Knights 1. Wks. 1799 I. 69 If Dame Winifred were here she’d make them all out with a wet finger. 1796 Nelson in Nicolas Disp. II. 280, I thought it most proper not to take him (although my fingers itched for it). 1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. vii, It makes one’s fingers itch to think of it. C. with reference to ‘ taking part in’, ‘ interfer¬ ence ’ or ‘ meddling To burn one's fingers : see Burn v. 14,14 b; so io put one's finger in the fire, t in a hole. To put or dip one's finger(s in : to meddle in (a matter). To have a finger in \ to have something to do with ; to take some part in (a business); so to have a finger in the pie. • 54 * J- Heywood Prov.. (1562) F iv, It were a foly for mee .. to put my finger to far in the fyre, Betweene you. Ibid. H ij b, To make me put my fynger in a hole. 1591 Lam- barde Archeion (1635) 83 Whatsoever other Commissioners . .will dip their owne fingers in the Suits. 1600 Abp. Abbot Exp. Jonah 416 The High Priest had a finger both in the Trumpet and the Fast. 1659 B. Harris ParivaCs Iron Age 75 Lusatia .. must needs, forsooth, have her Finger in the Pye. 1672 R. Wild Declar. Lib. Consc. 10 None .. durst begin, for fear they should burn their Fingers. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth vii, You will needs put your fingers in the fire. 1861 W. S. Perry Hist. Ch. Eng. I. vi. 258 The King .. had a finger .. in all the disputes in Europe. 1886 Miss Tytler Buried Diamonds xii, Susie, .liked to have a finger in every pie. d. with reference to grasping or holding. In one's fingers : in one’s grasp or power. To let (a thing or person) slip through one s fingers : to let go one’s hold of (lit. and fig.), f Out of (a person's) fingers : out of his clutches. + To hang long be¬ twixt the fingers : to be long in hand. 1623 Bingham Xenophon 139 Let vs be gone out of their fingers, c 1645 Howell Lett. (1655) L v * 216, I am one of them, who value not a curtesie that hangs long betwixt the fingers. e. (For phrases referring to the 1 fingers’ ends’, see Finger-end.) At one's finger (s') tips = 1 at one’s finger-ends \ 1870 Haipers Mag. Nov. 864/1 The best learning that the world affords, my Bert has at his fingers’ tips. 4 . + a. One of the divisions of the foot in reptiles, b. One of the articulations of a bat’s wing. 1607 Topsell Serpents (1653) 73$ The fingers of their [Lizards’] feet were very small, being five in number. Ibid. (1608) 794 They [Tortoises] have four legs, .every foot having five fingers or divisions. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 360 On each Foot he [the Chameleon] hath five Fingers. 1883 G. Allen in Knowl. 22 June 368/1 Between these fingers, and from them to the hind legs, stretches the membrane by means of which the bat flies. c. * One of the two parts forming a chelate or forceps-joint, especially the smaller part, which hinges on the other’ (Cent. Diet.). 5 . As a measure, a. The breadth of a finger. Also as a definite measure = f inch. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xxi. 97 Nere a fote lang and v. fyngers on brede. 1561 IZdeu ArteNauig. 1. xviii. 19 Foure graines of barlye make a fynger: foure fingers a hande: foure handes a foote. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts 19 Their tayle is about three fingers long. 1719 London & Wise Compl. Card. 167 You must lay a Finger thick of Moss upon those Shelves, c 1850 A?-ab. Nts. (Rtldg.) 236 The lady., had on a rose-coloured girdle at least four fingers in width. 18.. Hall Mexican Law 79 (Cent. Diet.) A finger, in Mexi¬ can law, is the sixteenth part of a foot. + b. Astron. = Digit. Obs. 1561 Eden Arte Nauig. 11. viii. 35 The Astronomersdeuide into .xii. equall partes, as well the Diameter of the Sunne as of the Moone. And these partes they call fyngers, punctes or prickes. c. US. slang. A 1 nip ’ of liquor. [So F. doigt. ] 1888 Newport Jml. 25 Feb. (Farmer^, ‘Which is correct, spoonfuls or spoons-ful ?'..‘ In Denver.. we say fingers.’ d. In US., the length of a finger (about \\ inches). 6. That part of a glove which is made to receive a finger. 1565 Cooper Thesaurus , Digitalia, thinges couering the fingars.. fingers of gloues. 1655 Mrq. Worcester Cent. Inv. § 89 White Silk knotted in the fingers of a Pair of white Gloves. 1884 Chester Gloss ., Finger-stall, a covering.. made by cutting off the finger of an old glove. b. dial, in pi. The foxglove. 1888 Elworthy W. Somerset IVord-bk., Fingers, Foxglove. 7 . Skill in fingering (a musical instrument); touch. 1741 Richardson Pamela (1824) I. cii. 499 Miss L-.. has an admirable finger upon the harpsichord. 1751 R. Paltock P. Wilkins (1884) I. xxiv. 245 Softness and easiness of finger. 1850 Mrs. F. Trollope Petticoat Govt. 78 Her brilliant finger on the piano forte. II. Something which resembles a finger. 8. A finger-like projection ; esp. such a part either of the fruit, foliage, or root of a plant. 1702 J. Petiver in Phil. Trans. XXIII. 1264 Having its Spikes or Fingers shorter. 1864 Browning Jas. Lee's Wife iii. ii, Our fig tree .. has furled Her five fingers. 1888 Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) XXIX. 662/2 Some of these [varieties of Turmeric] consist .. of the somewhat cylindrical lateral tubers, which are distinguished in trade as ‘ fingers ’. 1894 J. E. Humphrey in Pop. Sci. Monthly XLIV. 497 A hand may contain from a dozen to twenty fruits or ‘ fingers b. ‘ A cartilaginous slender appendage some¬ times observable in fishes between the pectoral and ventral fins ’ (Crabb 1823^. 9 . a. A short and narrow piece of any material, b. Short for finger-biscuit (see 14 b). 1846 Francatelli Mod. Cook 397 Fingers, or Naples bis¬ cuits. 1865 Athenaeum No. 1989. 803/2 Elderberry wine and fingers of toast. 10 . Something which performs the office of a finger: the ‘ hand ’ of a clock (now dial .); in Mcch., any small projecting rod, wire, or piece which is brought into contact with an object in order to initiate, direct, or arrest motion, or to separate or divide materials. 1496 in Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. I. 292 Item. .for lokkis, fyngeris, and boltis to the bombards. 1784 Cowper Task iv. 118 Fancy, like the finger of a clock, Runs the great circuit. 1855 Mrs. Marsh IIciressof Haughton II. iv, One cannot discern the finger moving on the dial plate. 1878 A. Barlow Weaving 214 In Webster’s loom a temporary race is formed by means of ‘ fingers ’, inserted and withdrawn at proper times, and two shuttles may be thrown separately or simultaneously. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch t^Clockm. (1892) 204 A small gold finger, projecting far enough to reach the edge of the smaller roller. 11 . Printing, a. One of the grippers which hold the paper in a printing-machine, b. (See quot.) 1869 S. T. Davenport in Eng. Mech. 31 Dec. 377/2 Filling in the separate colours [in coloured printing], .by small inking-rubbers, known as thumbs and fingers. 12 . In a reaping machine : (see quots.). i860 Gard. Chron. 14 July 658/3 The fingers [of the reaping machine] .. having sharp points, flat vertical sides. 1873 Daily News 13 Aug., By the addition of what are called ‘fingers', the ‘reaper’ will cut corn, however much it may be laid. 1878 Ure Diet. Arts IV. 18 The knife, .consisted of a serrated blade, at first straight, but afterwards waved, and passing through pointed sheaths now called * fingers *. 13 . With various defining words prefixed, esp. in popular names of plants, as bloody (man's) finger , dead mail s (men's) finger(s, devil's, dog-, fairy-, fox-, king's, lady's, lords' and ladies', purple fingers : see the different words. III. attrib. and Comb. 14 . General relations, a. simple attrib., as finger- fillip, -game, -joint, -ring, -tip, -work ; b. simi- lative, chiefly in the sense of resembling a finger in shape, as finger-biscuit, -muffin, prayer-book, -shell; finger-like, -shaped adjs.; e. objective, as finger-licking, -pointing ; finger-squeezing adj. 1846 Francatelli Mod. Cook 397 The ‘finger biscuits must be immediately placed on a baking sheet, and put in the oven. 1884 Yates Recoil. II. vi, On the other side of the news¬ paper came a ‘finger-fillip. 1871 Tylor Prim. Cult. I. 68 The ancient Egyptians. .used to play at some kind of‘finger- game. 1838 Dickens Nick. Nick, iv. Cracked his ‘finger- joints as if he were snapping all the bones in his hands. i860 G. H. K. Vac. Tour 139 There is no patting .. on his part, or cringing and ‘finger-licking on that of colly. 1776 Withering Brit. Plants (1796) III. 735 Outer scales of the calyx with ‘finger-like divisions, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. ii. 20 The lower glacier, cleft .. into finger-like ridges. 1842 Charles Whitehead Richard Savage (1845) II. ix. 294 There was my devilish mother in a side-box, gay and gig¬ gling, ‘finger-pointing [etc.], i860 Emerson Cond. Life, Pouter 44 Their instincts are a finger-pointing of Provi¬ dence. 1889 (title), The ‘Finger Prayer Book. 1535 CoVkr- dale Esther viii. 2 The kynge put of his ‘fynger rynge .. .. & gaue it vnto Mardocheus. 1879 Maclf.ar Celts ii. 13 Costly finger-rings. 1857 Wood Com. Obj. Sea-shore vi. 116 Alcyoniuvi digit atom, or the ‘Finger-shaped Alcyonium. 1770 Jesser P/acidMan II. 92 For one cold, bleak, ‘finger¬ squeezing night. 1842 Tennyson Launcelot <5- Q. Gain., As she sway’d The rein with dainty ‘finger-tips. 1883 E. Pennell-Elmhiiist Cream Leicestersh. 314 There was a bite at one’s fingertips. 1849 Rock Ch. of Fathers III. x. 354 A. .rich pall of silk, .the ‘finger-work of some queen. 15 . Special comb. : as finger-alphabet, an alpha¬ bet consisting of certain dispositions of the fingers as a means of communication between the deaf and dumb; a deaf and dumb alphabet; finger-bar, the bar which carries the fingers of a reaping machine (sense 12); finger-board, (a) ‘the flat or slightly rounded piece of wood attached to the neck of in¬ struments of the violin and guitar class, on to.which the strings are pressed when stopped by the fingers ’ (Stainer & Barrett ); (b) a key-board, manual; finger-bowl = finger-glass ; finger-breadth (also finger's-breadth) the width of a finger used as a measure; finger-brush (see quot.); finger-cold a. dial., cold enough to benumb the fingers ; finger- coral, a millepore (Millepora alcicornis) ; finger¬ counting, calculation by means of the fingers ; finger-cymbals (see quot.) ; finger-director, ‘ a metallic cylinder tapering towards the extremity, and open in front; used in the rectangular operation of lithotomy ’ (Ayi/. Soc. Lex. 1884) ; finger-fed a. Sc., ‘delicately brought up, pampered’ (Jam.); finger-fern, the name of a kind of Spleenwort ( As - plenium Ccterach ); finger-fish, the star-fish ; cf. five fingers-, finger-flower, the fox-glove (Digitalis purpurea ); finger-glass, a glass vessel to hold water, for rinsing the fingers after dessert; finger- grass, grass of the genus Digitaria (N.O. Gra¬ mi veal) ; Redfinger-grass, Digitaria sanguinalis; finger-grip (see quot.); finger-guard, the quillons of a sword, recurved towards the pommel as a pro¬ tection to the fingers; finger-bole, one of a series of boles in a wind-instrument, which are opened and closed by the fingers in playing ; finger-language, language expressed upon the fingers by means of the finger-alphabet; finger-length, the length of a finger used as a measure ; + finger-loping (see quot.) ; finger-mark, the mark left upon a surface where the finger has touched it; finger-mark v., traits, to mark with a (dirty) finger (also in quasi- passive sense) ; hence finger-marked ppl. adj.; finger-mirror, a dentist’s mouth-mirror fitted with a clasp or attachment to the finger; finger-nut (cf. finger-screw) ; finger - orchis (see quot.) ; finger-parted a. Bot., divided into lobes more or less resembling the fingers of the hand ; finger- passage Plus., a passage suited to the study and practice of fingering ; finger-piece, a piece actu¬ ated by the finger; finger-plate, a plate of metal or porcelain fixed on either side of a door above and below the handle to prevent finger-marks; + finger-plum, a kind of plum; finger-print = finger-mark, also fig.', finger-puff (Hair-dressing), ‘ a long and slender puff, often made by rolling the hair over a finger ’ (Cent. Diet.) ; finger-reading, a method of reading, practised by the blind, bypassing the fingers over raised letters; finger-root = finger- flower ; fingers-and-thumbs, a popular name for Lotus corniculatus ; fingers-and-toes (a) = prec.; (b) = Anbury 2 (also finger-and-toe ); finger-screw, one made with wings so that it may be turned by the FINGER. fingers; a thumb-screw; + finger-shade, the action of concealing the mouth with the fingers; finger- shield (see quot.) ; finger-smith slang, (a) a midwife ; ( b ) a pickpocket; finger-snap, a snap of the fingers; whence finger-snapping; finger- speech = finger-langnagc ; finger-sponge, a sponge with finger-shaped lobes or branches; finger-steel (see quot.); finger-stocks (see quot.); finger-talk = finger-latiguage; so finger-talking; finger- tray, f finger-watch (see quots.). Also Finger- end, -POST, -STALL, -STONE. 1751 Smollett Per . Pic. (1779) III. lxxxiii. 285 She asked, by the help of the ^finger-alphabet. 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Man. ii. 17 To spell out sentences with the finger-alphabet. 1893 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. Dec. 710 The ^finger-bar was necessarily carried higher, a 1672 Wood Life (O. H. S.) I. 257 The *finger-board of the violin. 1879 Stainer Music of Bible 15 In the guitar the finger-board forms a back or strip of wood behind the strings for their whole length. 1864 Worcester, * Finger-bowl. 1884 Harper s Mag. July 309/1 Guests .. unused to finger-bowls. 1594 Blundevil Exerc. hi. 11. vi. Jed. 7) 382 Foure barley kernels couched close together side by side .. are said to make a *finger breadth. 1659 B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 179 Spain was indeed within her fingers breadth of destruction. 1721-1800 Bailey, Fhigers-breadth, a Measure of two Barley Corn's Length, or 4 laid side to side. 1817 Coleridge Biog. Lit. 205 It does not desire a single finger-breadth more than what is necessary. 1885 Crane Bookbinding x. 87 The *‘finget--brush ’.. is .. about the size of a shaving-brush, of stiff hairs cut square at the ends. The brush, being dipped in the colour, is drawn across the fingers, so as to jerk the colour off in spots. 1862 Thoreau Excursions (1863) 302 It is ^finger-cold. 1887 Kent Gloss., ‘ ’Twas downright finger- cold first thing this marning.* 1884 Gow Grk. Math. § 8 That .. more complicated system of *fingercounting. 1888 Stainer & Barrett Diet. Mus. Terms 126 Small cymbals are sometimes attached to the fingers and are hence called *finger-cymbals. _ 1578 Lyte Dodoens in. Ixvii. 408 This herbe [Ceterach] is called in English . .*Finger feme. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. (1624) 300 For the spleene, maiden-haire, fingerfearne. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 228 Star Fish or *Finger Fish. 1629 Parkinson Paradisus xcvii. 383 Some ..doe call them [foxgloves] * Finger-flowers, because they are like vnto the fingers of a gloue, the ends cut off. 1831 Brewster Optics vii. 71 Blue glass, like that generally used for *finger glasses. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. 1 . 848/1 * Fin¬ ger-grip, a tool for recovering rods or tools dropped into a bored shaft. 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining, Finger Grip, a tool used in boring for gripping the upper ends of the rods. 1879 Stainer Music of Bible 96 Four of its tubes have small lateral *finger-holes. 1874 Sayce Compar. Philol. i. 52 The *finger-language of the deaf and dumb. 1857 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 329 The baby is about three * finger- lengths long. 1644 Bulwer Chiroji. no The wagging and impertinent extension of the Fingers in speaking. .Cresollius condemnes this ^Finger-loping gesture as very uncomely. 1840 Dickens Barn. RudgeW , Dirty *finger-marks upon his face. 1889 Daily News 10 Dec. 7/9 Brilliant, lasting polish. Will not finger mark. 1884 Knight Diet. Mech. IV. 334/2 * Finger-mirror. 1598 Gerarde Herbal 1. ciii. § 2. 170 Roiall Satyrion or *finger Orchis, is called of the Latines Palma Christi. 1829 Loudon Encycl. Plants 17 Lower leaves [of Veronica triphyllos ] entire: middle ^finger-parted. Ibid. 1099/1 Finger-Parted, divided into lobes having a fanciful resemblance to the five fingers of a human hand. 1883 Parry in Grove Diet. Mus. III. 584 The familiar out¬ lines. .of the principal harmonies afford the most favourable opportunities for. .^finger-passages. 1881 Greener Gun 201 This gun is loaded by turning the ^finger-piece, which lies in the fore-part of the stock, round to the top of the barrel. 1851 Ord. Regul. R. Engineers § 19. 91 Brass Sashes are not to be allowed; nor *Finger Plates, except for one or two rooms in a House. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 298/2 Finger plates for doors. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach’s Husb. 11. 96 The *fynger Plomes. .being of the length of a mans fynger. 1884 J. Parker in Chr. World 1$ May 360/4 The word ‘dogma'.. seems to me to bear the ^finger-prints of the pedant or the priest. 1891 Galton in 19 th Cent. XXX. 304 My.. collection of analysed finger-prints. 1882 Friend Devonsh. Plant-71., * Fingers and Thumbs, Lotus cormiculatus L., or Cypripediu?7i Calceolus L. 1750 *Fin- gers-and-toes [see Anbury 2]. 1812 W. Spence (title), Obser¬ vations on the Disease in Turnips, termed in Holderness * Fingers and Toes ’. 1875 W. T. Thornton in Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) I. 367 The roots present a thickened, palmated appear¬ ance, giving rise to the popular name for the disease, ‘ fingers and toes’. 188$ Daily News 18 Sept. 2/5 Stunted growth, .and finger-and-toe. 1825 J. Nicholson Ope?‘at. Mecha7iic 320 Unturning the *finger-screw. 1711 Puckle Chib 28 Brethren in iniquity [gamesters] using ^Finger-shade, Mouth-spirt, or Shoulder-dash. 1882 Caulfeild & Saward Diet. Needle¬ work, * Finger-shield, a silver appliance made to fit the first finger of the left hand. .It is employed to protect the finger from the needle. 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Diet., *Finger- smith, a midwife. 1884 Gd. Words June 401/1 A couple of ‘finger-smiths’—pickpockets. 1821 Blackw. Mag. IX. 71 Coats of finest nap, For which I ne’er receiv’d a *finger-snap. 1884 Pall Mall G. 8 Nov. 2/2, I do not value Government Reports .. at a finger-snap. 1882 Society 14 Oct. 12/1 The cousin’s song.. with a*finger-snapping accompaniment, goes very well. 1858 J. Martineau Stud. Chr. 37 The *finger- speech of ceremony. 1884 Knight Diet. Mech. IV. 334/2 * Finger-steel, a steel instrument like a skewer or awl, used for restoring the edge of the currier’s knife while in use. 1686 Plot Staffordsh. 390 ^Finger-Stocks; into which the Lord of misrule, used formerly to put the fingers of all such per¬ sons as committed misdemeanours. 1656-81 Blount Glossogr., Dactylogie, *finger-talk, speech made with the fingers. 1843 J. T. Hewlett College Life II. xxix, Having had the diffi¬ culties .. explained to him in dumb-show and finger-talk. 1855 H. Clarke Diet. s.v. Fviger, ^Finger-talking. 1884 Knight Diet. Mech. IV. 334/2 *Fviger-tray, a small pan, attached by a clasp to the finger, used by dentists for carry¬ ing amalgam or plastic filling, a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) II. 393 He [an Hypocrite] is the Devil’s *Finger-Watch, that never goes true, but too fast, or too slow, as he sets him. a 1718 Penn Maxvns Wks. 1726 I. 842 A Finger VOL. IV. 233 Watch, to be set forwards or backwards, as he pleases that has it in keeping. Finger (ft'qgai), v. [f. prec. sb. Cf. Ger. Jingern.] 11 . trans. To point at with the finger. Obs. c 1450 [see Fingering vbl. sb. 1]. 1483 Caih. Aiigl. 131/2 To Finger, digitare. 2 . To hold or turn about in one's fingers ; to put one's fingers upon, touch with the fingers; also, to do this repeatedly or restlessly. 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. ii. 6 To finger the fine needle and nyce thread. 1690 Dryden Doti Sebastian 111. ii, You would fain be fingering your rents beforehand. 1762 Goldsm. Cit. W. cii, In China, our women, .are never permitted to finger a dice-box. 1853 Kingsley Hypatia vii. 92 Philammon, fingering curiously the first coins which he ever had handled. i86x Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. xiii, The. .crew fingered their oars. 1870 Mod. Hoyle 46 To finger the squares of the [chess-]board whilst planning your move is strictly legal but a most villanous habit. 1887 R. N. Carey U7icle Max xxx. 244 She was never weary of fingering her silks and satins. fig. 1883 T. H. Green Proleg. Ethics § 297 To be always fingering one’s motives is a sign .. of an unwholesome pre¬ occupation with self. b. To touch or handle (money) with unworthy motives. + Also absol, 1581 Mulc aster Positiofis xxxvii. 159 They [the Romains] fell to fingering [context speaks of ‘ receiuing giftes and rewarde’]. 1651 Jer. Taylor Seivn. for Year 1. xxi. 264 It is a huge dishonour .. to be too busie in fingring money in the matters of religion. 1884 Tennyson Bechet 1. iii. 56 The cardinals have finger’d Henry’s gold. 'fc. To lay hands upon, apprehend (a person). Also to handle roughly, * claw ’. Obs. 1624 Sir R. Aldworth Let. 27 Dec. in Lisniore Papers (1888) Ser. 11. III. 136 The two Releeuers feighin [Fagan] and lyney [Leyne] I knowe and Dout not but to finger on Thursday next. 1670 W. Walker Idiomat. Anglo-Lat. 200 How would I finger him ! Quibus ilium lacerarem modisl 3 . intr. To make restless or trifling movements with the fingers (const, at) ; also, to play or toy with. + To finger for : (Jig.) to grope for, hanker after. 1655 Gurnall Chr. hi Arm. xi. (1669) 130/1 Thy heart is fingering for more of these than God allows thee. 1816 L. Hunt Rimini 11. 119 They stood with their old foreheads bare, And the winds fingered with their reverend hair. 1858 Kingsley Poems, Sappho 22 She flung her on her face. .And fingered at the grass. 1869 Tennyson Pelleas <$• Ettai're 433 Pelleas. .Fingering at his sword-handle. 4 . trans. To lay the fingers upon or touch with a view to plunder; to pilfer, filch. Also const. from : To take or remove fraudulently from. 1530 Palsgr. 550/2 Beware of hym, for all that he can fyngar gothe with hym. 1577-87 Hoi.inshed Citron. III. 1136/1 So likewise did the Spanish soldiors .. that could come to finger anie thing of value. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hc7i. VI, v. i. 44 But whiles he thought to steale the single Ten, The King was slyly finger’d from the Deck. 1655 Fuller Ch.IIist. iii. ii. § 6 His Predecessors .. grasp it fast in their fist, in defiance of such Popes as would finger it from them. 1693 Mem. Ct. Teckely 1. 17 The Troops .. took away all they could finger without paying for it. + b. To cheat (a person) out of(& thing). 1709 Brit. Apollo II. No. 70. 2/2 Three Thornbacks .. artfully finger’d me out of five Guineas. 5 . To play upon (an instrument) with the fingers. 1515 Barclay Egloges iv. (1570) Ciij/2 Yet could he pipe and finger well a drone. 1603 Drayton Odes 1.61 To seeke, Of Pindar that Great Greeke, To Finger it [the harp or lyre] aright. 1641 Evelyn Mei7i. (1857) I. 27 He had fingered an organ. 1873 C. Keene Let. in G. S. Layard Life vii. (1892) 152 A dummy bagpipe chanter. .1 carried in my pocket, and fingered on every possible occasion. b. To play (a passage of music) with the fingers used in a given way (where there is a choice of methods of execution). c. To mark (a piece of music) with figures indi¬ cating the fingers with which the notes are to be played. 1816 Gentl. Mag. June 539/2 All the lessons are sufficiently fingered. 1891 Times 22 Oct. 14/2 The latest issues .. of Bach's organ works, .are carefully edited and fingered. 6 . To manipulate with the fingers, ‘ to perform any work exquisitely with the fingers ’ (J.) ; fig. to elaborate, bestow minute labour on. Also with tip. rare. 1816 J. Gilchrist Philos. Etym. 185 If they can finger up, or arrange words into..soft, smooth, pretty, insignificant composition. Ibid. 236 Addison’s composition, .is. .carelessly irregular, .but nevertheless much-laboured and fingered. -(• 7 . Finger out\ a. To read carefully or with effort, passing the finger along the lines, b. To point out as with the finger. Obs. 1680 Jenkins in Mansel Narr. Popish Plot 101 He re¬ ceived all the Tryals that were printed, and had fingerd them out. 1767 W. Hanbury Charities Ch.-Langton 134 Amity of dunce with dunce. Fingers out genius all at once. 8 . Finger up (nonce-use) : intr. to run up in finger-like extensions. 1854 Hooker Himal. J mis. I. xi. 264 Peninsulas, be¬ tween which the misty ocean seemed to finger up like the fiords of Norway. Hence Friigerable a. rare, that can be fingered. Fi'ngerative a., apt to‘finger’, thievish. Fi n- g-erer, one who fingers; esp. a pilferer, thief. 1561 Awdei.ay Frat. Vacab. 8 A Fyngerer, an olde beaten childe, not onely in such deceites but, etc. 1674 Josselyn Voy. New Eng. 98 The Indians are very fingurative or thievish. 1891 G. du M ai;kick in Harper's Mag. Aug. 383/1 Four strings; but not the fingerable strings of Stradivarius. FINGERING. 1893 Scribticr's Mag. May 614/2 Dencombe was. .a fingerer of style. Fingered (fi-qgajd), ppl. a . 1 [f. Finger v. + -ed !.] In senses of the vb. In Music : Marked with figures showing what finger is to be used for producing each note. 1775 Ash, Fingered.. touched, stolen. 1823 Crabb Tech- not. Diet., Fingered, a term applied to piano-forte exercises. Fingered (fi-qgsjd), ppl. ail [f. Finger sb. + -ED A] Having or provided with fingers. 1 . a. Of a person; chiefly in parasynthetic deriva¬ tives, as light-, rosy-, three-fingered. a 1529 Skelton Elynour Rimn/iyng 41 How she is gumbed, Fyngered and thumbed, Gently ioynted. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. ii, The great looking-glass .. reflects .. Mrs. Veneering; fair, aquiline-nosed and fingered. b. Of a glove, etc.; also in parasynthetic deri¬ vatives, as cut fingered : see Cut ppl. a. 12. 1591 [see Cut ppl. a. 12]. 1739 Mrs. Delany Life $ Corr . (1861) II. 35 Six pair of cut fingered gloves. 1849 Southey Co77i77i.-pl. Bk. Ser. 11. 584 The stalks of the leaves furnished stockings, and ladies fingered gloves. 2 . Bot. a. Of a leaf or plant: Digitate, b. Of the fruit or root: Shaped like a finger. 1668 Wilkins Real Char. 11. iv. 98 A fingered leaf, being from one foot-stalk divided into many segments. 1758 Phil. Tra7is. I. 590 Spo7igia America7ia capita/a et digi- tata'. The fingered sponge of Plumier. 1861 Miss Pratt Flower. PI. VI. 40 Fingered Sedge. 1883 Evang. Mag. Nov. 511 The carpels fail to unite, and we get what are called ‘fingered citrons’. Finger-e'nd, finger’s e nd. PI. finger- ends, fingers’-ends. The end or tip of the finger. c 1400 Destr. Troy. 8795 Folowand the fell to be fyngur endys. c 1400 Lanf rapids Ciring. 28 pe skyn of the fyngris endis. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. v. v. 88 With Triall-fire touch me his finger end. 1655 Sir E. N icholas in N. Papers (Camden) II. 321, I will never desert whilst I can wagg nose, toes, or finguers end. 1712 tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 135 Fruit, about the size of ones Finger End. 1825 Scott Jrnl. 20 Nov., His finger-ends can describe .. what he cannot bring out clearly, .in words. b. Phrases : f To aridvcat one's fijigers' ends', to come to gnawing one’s fingers’ ends ; to reach the extremity of poverty. At ones finger (s' ends: ready at hand. To have (or \ know), at (or + on) one's finger(s' ends or tips : to have thorough familiarity with (a subject, branch of knowledge, etc.). (To live) by one's fingers' ends : by industry or manual labour. + To suck (anything) out of one's own fingers' ends : to arrive at by one’s own ingenuity. To one's finger-e?ids : completely, entirely, quite. + To get upon the finger-ends ( = Fr. avoir stir les doigts) : fig. to incur a sharp reprimand, to 1 catch it.’ 1546 J. Heywood Prov. (1562) E ij, I suck not this out of my owne fingers eends. 1553 Latimer Seri/i. (1575) iii. 181 He forgetteth them not, but hath them at hys finger’s- ende (as they say). 1561 Hoby tr. Castiglione's Courtycr 1. C b, You haue at your fingers endes that belongeth thereto, a 1568 Coverdale Bk. Death xl. (1579) 194 He maie be the better aquainted with them, and have them on his fingers endes. 1577 tr. Bullmger's Decades (1592) §81, I.. knowe at my fingers ends, what kind of men.. are in this citie. 1579 Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) ^6 If any parte of Musick haue .. ariued by fortune at their fingers endes. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. Democr. to Rdr. (1676) 32/2 Thousands .. live singular well by their fingers’ ends. 1662 Greenhalgh in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 11. IV. 14 Their Service-books .. they have at their fingers’ end. 1693 Apol. Clergy Scot. 37 ,1 am afraid I may get upon the Finger-ends, because I did not name my Witnesses. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 156 ip 5 Names which a Man of his Learning has at his Fingers-Ends. 1816 Earl of Dudley Lett. (1840) 143, I already have all these authors completely at my fingers’ ends. 1862 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. (1865) III. ix. ii. 82 All manner of Military Histories, we perceive, are at his finger-ends. 1883 Harper s Mag. Jan. 322/2, I would be Duchess to my finger-ends. Fingering (irggsriq), sb. Also J-S Sc. fin- gram, S Sc. fingrim, fingrine, fingrum, -om, 9 fingerin. [The oldest forms fingram, etc., com¬ bined with the difficulty of connecting the sense with that of finger, suggest that the word may be an early corruption of Y. fin grain, lit. ‘ fine grain’ (cf. grogram from gros grain).] 1 . A kind of wool or yarn used chiefly in knitting stockings; ‘ worsted spun of combed wool, on the small' wheel ’ (Jam.). Also attrib. 1681 Colvil Whigs Snpplic. (1751) 107 There fingram stockings spun on rocks lyes. 1808 Jamieson, Fingerin. 1875 Plain Needlework 10 Fingering Yarn. 1885 Bazaar 30 Mar. 332/1 Stocking .. knitted with German fingering wool. 1894 Westm. Gaz. 10 May 3/3 Stockings made from the best 1 fingerings J 2 . A kind of woollen cloth. Sc. Obs. 1707 G. Miege Pres. State Gt. Brit. 11. 24 Large Flocks of Sheep they have in Scotland produce abundance of Wool, from whence come .. Fingrines, Serges [etc.]. 1719 Act 6 Geo. I, c. 13 An Act for .. preventing Frauds .. in manu¬ facturing Serges..and Fingrums. 1733 P. Lindsay Interest Scot. 105 At Aberdeen, and Countries adjacent, large Quantities of our own coarse tarred Wooll are manufactured into coarse Serges, called Fingrams. Fingering (fi'ijgMiij), vbl. sb. [f. Finger v. + - 1 NG 1 .] 1 . The action of the vb. Finger in various senses. c 1450 Bk. Curtasyc 249 in Babees Bk. 306 Bekenyng, fynguryng, non pou use. 1553 T. Wilson Fleet. (1580) 144 FINGERING. 234 As when one hath .. got his livyng with light fingeryng. 1567 Drant Horace Epist. Bj, Measure the lawe of sounde by fingering, or by eare. 1621 Sanderson Serm. I. 214 Uzza had better have ventured the falling, than the fingering of the ark, though it tottered. 1760 Impostors Detected I. 251 He shall not have the fingering of her any more than myself. 1818 Jas. Mill Brit. India (1840) I. 1. iii. 80 The Directors, .had expected the fingering of the money. 1872 O. W. Holmes Poet Break/.-t. i. (1885) 28 Covers browned . .with, .the fingering of. .book-misers. t b. Work done with the fingers. Cf. Finger v. 6 . 1590 Spenser Muiopotmos 366 Nor anie skil’d in loupes of fingring fine. 2 . Mus. a. The action of using the fingers in playing upon an instrument; the proper method of doing this. c 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. Prol. 91 As an harpe obeieth to the honde, And maketh it soune after his fingering. 1545 Ascham Toxoph. (Arb.) 39 Instrumentes .. whyche standeth by fine and quicke fingeringe. 1593 Pass. Morrice 78 Shee tooke her lute, singing to her fingering this sonnet. 1674 Playford Skill Mus. 11. 103 The Rule of true Fingering. 1856 Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh 1, I learnt much music., fine sleights of hand And unimagined fingering. b. The indication, by figures set against the notes of a piece of music, of the way in which the fingers are to be used in its performance. 1879 Grove Diet. Mus. I. 527/2 The earliest German fingering .. was the same as the present English system. 3 . attrib. 1603 Holland Plutarch'sMor.izsi, I am better acquainted with the fingring Musicke and manuall practise than other¬ wise. a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) I. 255 A cheat, That lets his false Dice freely run .. But never lets a true one stir Without some fingering Trick or Slur. 1883 Blackie in Contemp. Rev. June 814 Not from any fingering induction of external details. Fingering (frggarig),///. a. [f. Finger v. + -ing 2 .J That fingers (an instrument); also, ad¬ dicted to * fingering ’ or petty manipulation. 1712 Spectator No. 338 P2 Those fingering Gentlemen should be informed that they ought to suit their Airs to the Place. 1799 Wordsw. Poet's Epitaph v, Philosopher ! a fingering slave. 1816 [see Finicalness]. Fingerish (frggsrif), a. nonce-wd. [f. Finger sb. + -I8H.] Of or pertaining to the fingers. 1892 M. North Recoil. Haply Life I. vii. 259 Fingers were their only tools and. .by the end of the day the saucers must have had a strong fingerish flavour. Fingerless (frijgailes), a. [See -less.] With¬ out fingers. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick, xxxi, After putting on his fingerless gloves with great precision. Fingerlet (frqgajlet). nonce-wd. [See -let.] A small or delicate finger. 1854 W. Johnson Ionica (1858)77 Those straying fingerlets that clutched At good and bad. Fingerling (frqgoiliij). Also 8 fingerin. [f. Finger sb. + -ling. Cf. Ger. fingerling glove- finger, thimble (MH G. fingcrlinc ring).] + 1 . One of the fingers of a glove ; a finger-stall. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 161/2 Fyngyrlynge of a glove, digi- tabulum. 1530 Palsgr. 220/1 Fingerlyng of lether, delot. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong , Vn doigtier, a thimble, a fingerling. 2 . A very diminutive being; used to translate Ger. Ddumerling (Goethe Faust). 1835 Anster Faustus 11. 11. (1887) 128 Pigmies, emmets, fingerlings, And other active little things. 1867 Contemp. Rev. VI. 50 Thumblings and Fingerlings whom the Pygmies have enslaved. 3 . A name for the parr ( Salmo salmtilus ). Cf. Brandling 2. a 1705 Ray Synop. Method. Piscium (1713) 63 Salmulus, The Samlet Herefordiensibus, Branlin <§■ Fingerin Ebo- racensibus. 1836 Yarrell Brit. Fishes II. 43 The transverse dusky bars from which this fish has obtained the name of Brandling and Fingerling. attrib. 1888 Pall Mall G. 7 Apr. 6/1 A couple of wretched fingerling smolts. t Fi/ngerly, a. Obs. rare~ l . [f. Finger sb. + -LY h] Of or pertaining to the fingers. 1619 Sir J. Sempill Sacrilege Handl. 81 They poynted him out, as by a fingerly demonstration. Fi nger-nai l. One of the nails of the fingers. To one's finger-nails : completely, thoroughly. a 1240 IVohunge in Cott. Horn. 281 pat te blod wrang ut at tine finger neiles. 1842 Tennyson E. Morris 22 He seem’d All-perfect, finish’d to the finger nail. 1884 — Bccket in. i, He’s as like the King as fingernail to fingernail. 1888 Graphic Summer No. 21/1, I was a theosophist to my finger-nails. Fi nger-post. A post set up at the parting of roads, with one or more arms, often terminating in the shape of a finger, to indicate the directions of the several roads; a guide-post. 1789 Mrs. Piozzi Joum. Francell. 291 The words Route dc Belgrade upon a finger-post. 1857 Toulm. Smith Parish 357 The Highway Surveyors ought to put up finger posts.. where they are likely to help travellers. transf. and fig. 1793 Beddoes Math. Evid. 158 It had •pleased him to christen the pronouns, the finger-posts of language. 1857 Stanley Mem. Canterb. i. 31 So many finger-posts, pointing your thoughts, along various roads, to times and countries far away, b. slang. (See quot.) 1785 Grose Diet. Vulg. Tongue , Finger post, a parson, so called, because like the finger post, he points out a way he. .probably will never go, i. e. the way to heaven. Hence Finger-posted ppl. a., having a finger¬ post ; in quot. fig. Finger-postless a. } without a finger-post. 1885 H. O. Forbes Nat. Wand. E. Archip. 88 Flowers., with .. a beautifully painted and finger-posted labellum. 1873 Miss Broughton Nancy III. 147 A labyrinth of cross¬ roads, fingerpostless, guideless. Frnger-stall. A cover or protection for the finger, usually of leather, e.g. the finger of a glove, used in some handicrafts, in dissection, or when the finger is injured or diseased. 1483 Cath. Angl. 131/2 A Fyngyr stalle, digit ale. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 11. xxiv. 175 Foxe glove hath..fayre, long, round, hollow fioures fashioned like fmgar stalles. 1606 Holland Sueton. 74 The fore finger of his right hand hee perceived .. to be so weake, that.. he could hardly set it to any writing, with the helpe of an hoope and finger-stall of home. 1643 I. Steer tr. Exp. Chyrurg. xv. 64 Finger-stalls made of Leather. 1832 Babbage Econ. Mann/. 1. (ed. 3) 14 The child puts on the forefinger of its right hand a small cloth cap or finger-stall. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk. 148, I cut my finger, but I clapt a finger-stall on. Finger-stone. f 1 . A stone sufficiently small to be cast by the hand. Also attrib. Obs. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xi. 46 A lytil J?eine, as it ware a fynger stane cast, es anoj?er chapell. 1688 I. Clayton in Phil. Trans. XVII. 984 They are so nigh the Shoar, that a Man may almost fling a Finger-stone on Board. 2 . A cylindrical stone, convexly tapering to a point; a belemnite. 1773 Johnson (ed. 4), Finger-stone , a fossil resembling an arrow. 1802-3 tr. Pallas's Trav. (1812) II. 229 A whimsical mixture of broken beleinnites, or finger-stones. Fingery (frggari), a. [f. Finger sb. + -y L] Branching into fingers or finger-like divisions. 1821 Moiu in Blackw. Mag. VIII. 527 The broad fern with its fingery leaf. 1840 Jml. R. Agric. Soc. I. iv. 403 Turnips, .grow fingery and of little value. Fingian : see Fingan. t Fingle-fangle. Obs. [reduplication of Fangle. Cf. Fiddle-faddle.] A trifle; some¬ thing whimsical or fantastic. Also attrib. a 1652 Brome Covent Garden 1.13 This comes of your new fingle-fangle fashion. 1678 Butler Hud. in. iii. 221 To wrangle, About the slightest fingle fangle. 1710 Brit. Apollo III. No. 61. 3/1 A Woman..I Love; A kind of Female Fingle, Fangle. Hence Frngle-fangled///. a. 1651 Biggs New Disp. ? 11 The upstart fingle-fangl’d Paracelsian. Fingram, obs. variant of Fingering sb. Fingrigo (fi’qgrigfl). The name in Jamaica for a prickly climbing shrub, Pisonia aculeata. 1707 Sloane Jamaica I. p. liv, They grind the roots of Fingrigo and Limetree between two stones. 1756 P. Browne Jamaica 252 Fingrigo or Thorny Mimosa. This prickly shrub is frequent in most of our sugar colonies. + Frngure. Obs .— 1 [irreg. f. L. fing-cre to frame + -ure.] A fabrication, coinage. 1592 Nashe P. Penilesse E iij b. Doctor Watson, retorting verie merilie his owne licentious fingures upon him. Finial (frnial), a. and sb. Forms : 4-6 fynial(l, -yal(l, 5-7 finiall, 6- finial. [A variant of Final, app. of Eng. origin, as no similar form has been found in OE. or med.Lat.] A. adj. + 1 . = Final. Obs. ? a 1400 Chester PI. (Shaks. Soc.) 1 .157 Rittes ceremoniall, ..Shall utterlye cease, and take ther ende fyniall. 1426 Audelay Poems 50 There was faythfole made a feneal code. 1447 Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.) 116 Graunt them to dyen in fynial grace. 1460 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 105 Fynyal blyse. i486 Bk. St. Alban's , Her. B iij a, Ther be ix. quadrattis for to consider, v. quadrate finiall and iiij royall. 2 . [Suggested by the sb.] Forming the crown or completion ; crowning, rare— 1 . 1888 A. S. Wilson Lyric Hopeless Love 182 Until..life erects its finial part, The formulation of the heart. 33 . sb. Arch. An ornament placed upon the apex of a roof, pediment, or gable, or upon each of the corners of a tower, etc.; a similar ornament serving as a termination to a canopy or the like, or to the end of an open seat in a church. 1448 Will of Hen. VI in Willis & Clark Cambridge I. 369 Euery boterace fined with finialx. 1572 Indenture 4 Jan. in H. Walpole Vertne's A need. Paint. (1765) I. App., All the seid fynyshing and performyng of the seid towre with fynyalls. 1591 Sylvester Du Bartas 1. i. 223 From this faire Palace then he takes his Front, From that his. Finials. 1600 Holland Livy xxxv. x. (1609) 894 Gilded shields .. were set up on the finiall or lanterne of Jupiters temple. 1601 — Pliny xxxv. xii. 552 To set up Gargils or Antiques at the top of a Gavill end, as a finiall to the crest tiles. x8xx J. Milner Eccl. Archit. vii. 105 Pinnacles .. surmounted with an elegant flower, called a finial. 1853 Turner Dom. Archit. II. vi. 255 The finish of the northern gable with its beautiful finial. 1870 F. R. Wilson Ch. Lindisf. 31 The low openseatsare ornamented with finials. b. transf. and^ff. 1591 Sylvester Du Bartas 1. v. 985 As the Phoenix on my Front doth glister, Thou shalt the Finials of my Frame illustre. 1632 Holland Cyrup. 206 The absolute perfection and finiall of many noble and excellent Actions. 1876 R. F. Burton Gorilla L. I. 96 Monotheism, the finial of the spiritual edifice. 1880 Blackmore M. Anerley III. iii. 33 An ivied bush, which served as the finial of the garden- hedge. FINICKING. Hence Fi’nialled ppl. a., having, or decorated with, finials. 1850 T. Inkersley Romanesque Archit. France 323 An external Pointed arch, surmounted by a triangle crocheted and finialled. tFrnially, adv. Obs. [f. Finial a. -f -ly 2 .] = Finally. 1588 J. Read Compend. Method nob, Finially all affects that are called Rumatick. Finical (jrnikal), a. [Connected with Finick v ., Finicking ; as finical is the earliest recorded, it may be the source of the other words; in any case ultimate derivation from Fine a. seems prob¬ able.] Of persons, their actions and attributes: Over-nice or particular, affectedly fastidious, ex¬ cessively punctilious or precise, in speech, dress, manners, methods of work, etc. Also of things: Over-scrupulously finished; excessively or affect¬ edly fine or delicate in workmanship. 1592 Nashe P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 10 b, She is so finicall in her speach. 1607 R. C. World of Wonders 50 Women gorgeously apparelled, finicall and fine as fippence. 1650 Howell Ep. Ho-El. I. 1. i, Expressions made up of a bombast of words and finical affected complements. 1660 H. More Myst. Godl. To Rdr. 11 More trim and elegant fancies, who are so nice and finical that they would not come near a sore. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 82 § 6 Your open Sleeves .. made a much better Show than the finnikal Dress I am in. 1727 Pope, etc. Art of Sinking iii The Finical Style .. consists of the most curious, affected, mincing metaphors. 1754 Richardson Grandison (1781) II. ii. 11 Lord G. seems a little too finical in his dress. 1820 Miss Mitford in L’Estrange Life II. v. 119 Such a pretty, little, delicate, ladylike, finical gentleman! 1840 Thackeray Crit. Rev. Wks. 1886 XXIII. 167 It might be painted with a good deal less finical trifling with the pencil. 1887 Saintsbury Hist. Elizab. Lit. v. (1890) 189 The finical scholarship of the present day. absol. a 1845 Hood Compass xxii, Fear quitted the most finical. Hence J* Frnical v., nonce-wd. trans. to dress or ‘ get (oneself) tip'. Finically adv., in a finical manner, affectedly, fastidiously. Finicalness, (a) the quality of being finical; (b) a finical thing, a refinement. FinicaTity, (a) finical quality ; (b) something finical. 1594 Nashe Unfort. Trav. 15, I was ordained Gods scourge from aboue for their daintie finicalitie. 1659 Torriano, Stringdto. .finicaly drest up. 1670 Covel Diary (1893) 261 We had no such finicallnesse as knives or forkes, onely. .our hands and teeth. 1682 Mrs. Behn False Count I. ii. 20 You think yourself a very fine fellow now, and finical yourself up to be thought so. 1762-71 H. Walpole Vertne's A need. Paint. (1786) V. 206 His works have no more merit than finicalness, .can give them. 1777 Robert¬ son Hist. Amer. (1778) I. iv. 372 Finically attentive to dress. 1816 J. Gilchrist Philos. Etym. 217 [He] would arrest the press to alter a comma; yet with all this fingering fini¬ calness, has not left a single well-constructed paragraph in his whole writings ! 1819 Sporting Mag. V. 60 After sipping with all the finicallity of spinsterian consequence her sixth cup of the enlivening liquid. 1826 Blackw. Mag. XIX. 655 To cut joints .. neither in slices too thick, nor in such as are finically thin. 1884 J. Payn Lit. Recoil. 256 He .. sometimes exhibited a whimsical finicality. Finicism (frnisiz’m). [f. next + -ism.] Finical affectation. 1844 N. Brit. Rev. II. 6s Notwithstanding., of this theatrical finicism, he was always himself again before an audience. 1862 Temple Bar Mag. VI. 132 There was no finicism in the Author of Waverley. Finick (frnik), sb. [? Back-formation from Finical ; in sense 2 more prob. f. next vb.] + 1 . A finical person. Obs. 1706 Reflex, upon Ridicule 103 Does he think to be courted for acting the finick and conceited? Ibid. 119 She’s an affected Finick. 2 . dial. ‘Mincing, affected manners’ (A. C/ies/i. Gloss. 1SS7). Finick (frnik), v. Chiefly dial. Also finnick ; in glossaries spelt finnack, -oek, etc. [See Finical, Finicking.] intr. ‘To execute work in a fastidious manner, wasting time over unnecessary details’ ( Holderness Gloss.) ; ‘ to mince, affect airs ’ (S. Chesh. Gloss.). Hence Fimicking vbl. sb. 1869 E. Wadham Eng. Versificat. 147 The verse laughs at such finnicking, and asserts its true division. Finicking, finikin (frnikig, -in), (///.) a. and sb. Also finnicking, finnikin, (9 finican). [Of somewhat doubtful etymology; most likely f. Finick v. + -ing 2 ; the chief difficulty is that the adj. is recorded from the middle of 17th c., while the vb. is known only from a very recent period. It has been suggested that finikin is the original form, and is of Du. origin; cf. MDu. fjnkcns adv. accurately neatly, prettily (Kilian). On this hypothesis the words finical and finick sb. and vb. must in some way have been evolved from finikin. The conjecture however is unsup¬ ported by evidence, and finical appears 70 years earlier than the earliest known instance of finikin .] A. adj. Affecting extreme refinement; dainty, fastidious, mincing ; excessively precise in trifles. Also of things: Over-delicately wrought or finished; also, insignificant, paltry, trifling. 1661 A. Brome Leveller i. Poems 72 Your Madams and Lords, And such finikin words, c 1680 Roxb. Ball. (1891) VII. 467 He’s a finikin’ vapouring Taylor. 1741 E. Poston Pratler (1747) I. 230 Thou finicking Stuff, Put thy Hands FINICKY 235 FINISH. in a Muff. 1822 Blackw. Mag. II. 444 To apply their finican hands and utensils to the laborious task. 1831 Fraser's Mag. II. 745 Quiet and finikin as his [Horace’s] satire is. 1837 Dickens Pickw. xix, With all the finicking coxcombry of youth. 1865 G. Meredith K. Fleming x, Out .. came the old, broad, bent figure, with little finicking steps. 1886 T. Hardy Mayor Castcrbridge xii, Such finnikin details. + b. In eulogistic sense : Dainty, pretty. Obs. c 1749 Robin Hood A lieu a. Dale xviii. in Child Ballads v. cxxxviii. 174/1 A finikin lass, Did shine like glistering gold. B. sb. (in form finikin, finnikin). + 1 . A finicking person. Obs. 1744 Mrs. E. Heynvood Female Sped. (1748) I. 82 Every public place so abounded with coxcombs and finikins. + 2 . A variety of pigeon. Obs. } 7 2 6 Bradley Font . Diet. s. v. Pigeon, Many sorts of pigeons, such as Carriers .. Finikins. 1765 Treat. Dom. Pigeons 136 The Finnikin. These Pigeons are possessed of certain whimsical gestures when salacious. 1867 Tegetmeier Pigeons 175 The Finnikin. Hence Finickingly adv. 1880 Vern. Lee Italy iv. ii. 153 Finickingly finished like a fan-painting. Finicky (fi niki), a. dial, and U. S. [f. Finick v. + -y 1 .] = Finicking a. 1825 Brockett Ciloss. N. Country IFords, Finniky , trifling, scrupulously particular. 1887 Critic (N. Y.) 9 Apr., A great number of the rules .. seem equally what New England matrons call 4 finicky’. 1892 B. Matthews Americanisms S_ Briticisms 24 Professor Freeman, .frequently finicky in his choice of words. + Fi'nifest. nonce-wd. [f. L .finis end + fest- um Feast.] (See quot.) 155 1 R. Robinson tr. More's Utofi. (Arb.) 153 The whyche woordes may be interpreted primifeste and finifest, or els in our speache, first feaste and last feast. Finific (fsini fik),a. [f. L.fini-s + -Fic.] Putting a limit to; limiting; in quot. absol. or quasi-j/’. 1830 Coleridge in Lit. Rem. (1836) III. 2 The eternally self-affirmant self-affirmed, .whose definition is the essential finific in the form of the infinite. Finifugal (.faini-fi/lgal), a. nonce-wd. [f. L. fini-s end + fug-a flight+ -AL.] Of or pertaining to shunning the end (of anything). 1883 L. A. Toi.lemache in Jrnl. Educ. 1 Sept. 307 In modern as well as in ancient times, the finifugal tendency.. is apparent. + Finify, v. Obs. Also 7 finefy, finifie. [f. Fine a. + -(i)fy.] trans. To make fine ; to adorn, deck, ‘ trick up’. To finify it: see quot. 1611. 1586 Warner Alb. Eng. ii. x, Her rotten trunk and rustie face she Unified than. 1611 Cotgr. Pimper, to sprucifie, or finifie it; curiously to pranke, trimme, or trickevphimselfe. 1678 Mrs. Behn Sir P. Fancy iv. iii, Get you gone, and finefy your knacks. 1708 Motteux Rabelais iv. x. (1737) 41 Some .. dress’d the Pages in Womens Cloths, and finified them like any Babies. Hence Fi/nified ppl. a. ; Frnifying vbl. sb. 1628 Wither Brit. Rememb. 11. 2067 Some .. parted from Our City walls, .so finifi’d, As if their meaning was, to shew their pride In Country Churches. 1655 Gurnall C/ir. in A rnt. viii. (1669) 267/2 Now while thou art in a natural estate (though never so^finified) Old Adam is thy father. 1674 Dryden Mall 11. iii, Such licking, patching, and Unifying. t Finigra phical, a. humorous, nonce-wd. 1594 Nashh Unfort.' Trav. Wks. (Grosart) V. 37 In their sincere and finigraphicall cleane shirts and cuffes. 1596 — Saffron Walden Ep. Ded. he ailing, To .. the sincere & finigraphicall rarifier of prolixious rough barbarisme [i. e. a barber]. Finikin, var. form of Finicking. Fining (fai'nig), vbl. sb. [f. Fine v.% + -ing k] The action of the vb. Fine. 1 . The operation or process of refining (metals); esp. that of converting cast iron into wrought iron by heating it in contact with charcoal ancl so re¬ moving the carbon. 1502 Priv. Purse Exp. Eliz. of York (1830) 38 Certain personnes .. that wrought in fynyng of iron. 1585 Abp. Sandys Serm. (1841) 366 The fining of gold in the furnace. 1864 Percy Iron Steel 579 It seems somewhat absurd to designate the process of incomplete decarburization as re¬ fining, and that of. .complete decarburization as only fining. Ibid., I .. apply the word fining to the operation of con¬ verting cast into malleable iron .. in a hearth or open fire urged by a blast of air with charcoal as the fuel. 2 . The operation or process of clarifying (a liquid ; esp. beer, wine, etc.). Also the process by which a liquid becomes fine or clear. 1607 Dekker Wh. Babylon Wks. 1873 II. 215 No Vines could please our taste, But of her fining. 1683 Lond. Gaz. No. 1862/8 New Experiments, for Fyning and Improving of Syder. 1707 Mortimer Husb. xvi. 339 It [Beech] is good also for Fuel .. not to omit the Shavings of it for the fining of Wine. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. I. 137 The operation of fining will be unnecessary to such beer. 1864 Reader 9 Jan. 53 To investigate the cause of this fining of the blood. b. concr. Anything used for this purpose. Usu .pi. 1772 Jackson in Phil. Trans. LXIII. 5 One ounce and a half of good isinglass .. was converted into good fining. 1822 Imison Sc. <$• Art II. 160 A preparation of isinglass and sour beer, called finings, is put into it. 1851 Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 184 The coffee is made of a dark colour by means of what are called ‘finings’ which consist of burnt sugar. 1885 Act 48-9 Viet. c. 50 § 8 Finings for the purpose of clarification [of beer]. 3 . Comb. : fining-forge (see quot.); fining-pot, a crucible in which metals are refined; fining- roller (see quot.). 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 848/2 * Fining forge, .an open hearth with a blast by which iron is freed of impurities or foreign matters. i6ix Bible Prov. xvii. 3 The *fining pot is for siluer, and the furnace for gold. 1879 Sir G. G. Scott Lect. Archit. I. 134 Let us throw them boldly into the fining-pot. 1874 Knight Diet. Mcch. I. 848/2 * Fining- roller \Paper-making ), a cylindrical wire-cloth sieve in the paper-making machine, which allows the finely ground stuff to pass, but restrains the coarse fibers and knots. Finion, var. form of Fingan. Finis (foi'nis). [a. 'L. finis end.] 1 . The Latin word for ‘ end formerly, and still occasionally, placed at the end of a book. . Almost universally used in the earlier half of this century; in recent books * End ’ or ‘ The End’ is substituted. [? a 1400 Chester PI. xii. Temptation , Finis paginal duo¬ decimal.] 1460 Play Sacram., Finis. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb., Finis. 1621 Burton A nat. Mel., Finis. 1697 Evelyn Medals vii. 255 And now I have but a Word to add before I come to Finis. 1839 Bailey Festus, Finis. 2 . Hence, the conclusion, end, finish ; end of life, death. 1682 D[’Urfey] Butler's Ghost 1. 47 To deck the Finis of his Face. 1719 — Pills (1872) IV. 328 Under this Stone lies one who writ his Finis. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. IX. xx. x. 169 Next Year .. must.be the finis of this long agonistic tragedy. 1871 Carlyle in Mrs. Carlyle's Lett. III. 200 Fast falling into imbecility and finis, poor man. 1874 Longf. in Life (1891) III. 223 Though that may be the proper finis of the book. 3 . End in view, ultimate destination, rare. 1850 Carlyle Latter-d. Pamph. v. (1872) 162 Which is itself a. finis or kind of goal. Finish (fimij), sb. [f. next vb.] 1 . The conclusion, last stage, termination ; also ( colloq. or vulgar) the ‘ end ’ of a man. 1790 A. M. Johnson Monmouth III. 140 To look upon death .. as the finish of your sorrows! 1806 Southey Lett . (1856) I. 361 The fit and worthy finish of such a life. 1814 Mad. D’Arblay Wanderer V. 318 And here .. is the finish of all I have to recount. 1826 Sporting Mag. XVII. 321 You would like to hear what was the finish of the noted Will Barrow. 1827 Ibid. XXI. 78 The finish of the hunting season I unfortunately lost. b. elliptically in Sporting : The end of a hunt, race, etc.; the death of a fox ; also in phrase, to be in at the finish . Also fig. 1875 W. S. Hayward Love agst. World 13 The old squire was determined to be in at the finish. 1879 Jefferies Wild Life in S. C. 133 Think for a moment of a finish as it is in reality. 1891 H. Le Caron 25 Years in Secret Serv. (1893) 188 It was. .in the speeches from start to finish. 2 . That which finishes, or serves to give com¬ pleteness or perfection to anything. 1793 Copper-Plate Mag. No. 13, The choir received it’s embellishments and finish from Henry the Eighth. 1823 Gr. Kennedy Father Clem. i. 20 To obtain that finish to his education which it was .. thought could only be ac¬ quired by travelling [etc.]. 1868 Freeman Norm. Conq . (1876) IL x. 515 Two smaller towers were designed as the finish of the building. 1890 Century Mag. Jan. 362/1 To have an American finish put to her education and manners. b. Building. The last coat of paint or plaster laid upon a surface. 1823 P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 417 Over this a coat of oil-colour, .called the finish, is laid. 3 . The condition or quality of being finished or perfected. c 1805 Mar. Edgeworth Wks. (Rtlclg.) I. 354 There was a want of finish, as the workmen call it, in my manufacture. 1857 H. Miller Test. Rocks vi. 229 They could not, com¬ patibly with such nicety of finish, be laid over each other. 1876 Humphrey Coin-Coil . Man. xxvi. 397 High finish could not be obtained in the mode by which this massive money was produced. 1885 Newhall in Harper's Mag. Jan. 278/2 They [gloves] are tanned with sumac and gambier .. as these produce softer finishes. 1885 Mafich. Exam. 22 Feb. 5/3 Mr. Reeves sang with perfect finish. 4 . slang. A house of entertainment, where the night is finished. 1859 Sala Tin. round Clock (1861) 17 The innumerable finishes and saloons, i860 Thackeray Lovel (1869) 204 A weakly little man .. whose pallid countenance told of Finishes and Casinos. 5 . (See quot.) 1875 Urc's Diet. Arts I. 58 Methylated spirit can be procured also in small quantities .. containing in solution 1 oz. to the gallon of shellac, under the name of ‘finish’. 1888 Dunifries Standard 22 Feb. 3 The traffic in methy¬ lated spirit or ‘finish’ as it is popularly called. Finish (fi'nif), v. Forms : 4 finch, 4-6 fenys, fen-, fynissh, -ysch, -ysh, -ysshe, -esch, 4 finisch, 6- finish. [ME. fenys, finisch, a. OF. feniss- (Fr. finiss-) lengthened stem of fenir ( finir ) = Pr. fenir, Cat. finir, It. finire :—L. finire, f. finis end.] 1 . trans. To bring to an end; to come to the end of, go through the last period or stage of. Often with gerund (formerly with inf.) as object: To * make an end of’, cease (doing something), t Also, rarely, To put an end to, cause to cease. c 1350 Will. Palerne 3934 Then was J?at ferli fi3t finched ]>at time. ?a 1400 Morte Arth. 4255 Qwene they had ffenyste }?is feghte. 1481 Caxton Myrr. 1. xx. 60 The sonne the whiche .. neuer shal fynysshe to goo with the heuen. a 1533 L°*. Berners Huon lv. 185 Who so euer dyd fyght agaynst him were lyke myserably to fynysshe his days. 1603 Drayton Bar. Wars vi. 87 In Death what can be .. That I should fear a Couenant to make With it, which welcom’d, finisheth my Woe? 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 674 His Griefs with Day begun, Nor were they finish'd with the setting Sun. 1796 II. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) 111 . 567 That calm ambition of gold, in which all the ambitious finish their course. 1847 Makryat Childr. N. Forest viii, Edward .. had just finished a hearty meal. 1891 E. Peacock N. Brcndou I. 256 As he finished speaking. b. To finish off\ to provide with an ending (of a certain kind). 1834 H. N. Coleridge Grit. Poets (ed. 2) 51 Plutarch finishes off the story in his usual manner. 2 . To bring to completion ; to make or perform completely; to complete. Also with off, up. + To finish to (do) : to succeed completely in (doing). a 1400-50 Alexander 2144 For quen I done haue with Dary & my dede fenyschid. c 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xi. 41 Hys enterpryse that ful sore he desyred to fynysshe. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon lxii. 217 Whan the sacrement of baptysme was fynyshyd. 1556 Chron . Gr. Friars (Camden) 84 In August [1553] was *h e aulter in Powlles set up agayne, and fenysyd in September. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, 11. v. 28 How many Dayes will finish vp the Yeare. 1594 Carew Huartc's Exam. Wits (1616) 269 When Nature hath finished to forme a man in all perfection. 1648 W. Mountague Devoute Ess. 1. xviii. § 3. 336 They expose them¬ selves to the reproach of having begun what they were unable to finish. 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 185 Yet have I not finished to attain the right Method, or way of ordering them. 1761-2 Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) III. xlvii. 694 The marriage of the princess Elizabeth with Frederic.. was finished some time after the death of that prince. 1816 J. Smith Panoi'ama Sc. $ Art II. 686 Finish sowing green¬ house plants. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth iii, He cuts all his gloves out for the right hand, and never could finish a pair in his life. 1848 C. K. Sharpe Let. 7 Feb. (1888) II. 590 That bloody-minded person who finished off the work. absol. 1611 Bible i Chron. xxvii. 24 Ioab. .began to num¬ ber, but he finished not.. 1856 Ruskin Mod, Paint. III.iv. ix. § 5 God alone can finish. 3 . To deal with or dispose of the whole or the remainder of (an object); to complete the con¬ sumption of (food, one’s stock of anything), the reading of (a book, etc.). 1526 Tindale Matt. x. 23 Ye shal nott fynysshe all the cites of israhel tyll the sonne of man be come. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. xxxi. 434 He and Brooks will doubtless finish the two [potatoes]. 1884 F. M. Crawford Rom . Singer I. 72 Would you mind finishing the canto ? b. To complete the destruction of; to dispatch, kill. Also in weaker sense : To complete the dis¬ comfiture or defeat of; to reduce to complete ex¬ haustion or helplessness. Now chiefly colloq. 1611 Bible Dan. v. 26 God hath numbred thy kingdome, and finished it. 1755 Mem. Capt. P. Drake I. xvii. 187 Five Germans, who were resolved to finish me. 1816 Sporting Mag. XLVIII. 181 Lancaster .. was completely finished. 1840 Goodrich P. Parley's Ann . 188 They were for finishing him [a wounded man] outright with their bayonets. 1864 Lowell Fireside Trav. 308 If he still obstinates himself,, he is finished by [etc.]. 1884 E. P. Roe Nat. Ser. Story ix, The moist sultriness .. finished the ox-heart cherries. 4 . To perfect finally or in detail; to put the final and completing touches to (a thing). Also with off, tip. 1551 T. Wilson Logike (1580) 39 b, Those [the hands, arms and feet] bee. .the partes whiche finishe the w'hole and make it perfecte. c 1555 Harpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 80 To perfect and finish our answer. 16x1 Bible 2 Cor. viii. 6 Wee desired Titus, that as he had begun, so hee would also finish in you the same grace also. 1683 Soames tr. Boileau's Art of Poetry ii. 20 A faultless Sonnet, finish’d thus, would be Worth tedious Volumes of loose Poetry. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 249 They finish the plastering, .by Trowelling and brishing it over with fair Water .. and also brish over their new Plastering when they set, or finish it. 1713 Steele Englishm. No. 7. 45 To a good natural Discernment Art must therefore be joined to finish a Critick. 1807 W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. V. 713 He was compelled by his father to finish up his pottery minutely. 1816 J. Smith Panorama Sc. ^ Art I. 17 The hole may be finished with a file. 1842 [see Finger-nail]. absol. 1852 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 187 The plasterers were..finishing off, and clearing away their scaffoldings. b. To complete or perfect the education of (a person). 1734 tr. Rollin''s Anc. Hist. (1827) IX. v. 169 She sent her most illustrious citizens to be finished and refined in Greece. 1796 Dr. Burney Melastasio I. 214 Most of the great singers .. had been formed or finished by him. 1814 Jane Austen Watsons vii. (1879) 215 The accomplishments which are now necessary to finish a pretty woman, a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) H. 158 Where were you finished? c. To complete or perfect the fatting of (cattle). 1841 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. IT. 11. 226 The cattle, .by means of the turnip are ‘finished out’ and in a proper state for the butcher in the spring. 1851 Ibid. XII. 11. 334 Many flock- masters ‘ finish ’ their sheep before selling. 1865 Ibid. Ser. 11. I. 11. 259 If the lambs are well summered it will answer to finish them off in the house or yards. j- d. With complement or into : To make into by a final operation. Obs. 1704 Swift Battle of Bks. Wks. 1778 I. 427 Polite con¬ versation has finished thee a pedant. i8iz W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. XXXIV. 410 This earth is to be finished up into one vast terrestrial paradise. 5 . intr. To come to an end, reach the end; to cease, leave off. Also with off Also, to end in (something), to end by (doing something). c 1450 Merlin iii. 54 They sey thei shull neuer fenisshe till thei haue auenged the deth of Aungis. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aytnon ix. 248 And beganne to make so grete a sorowe as thoughe all the worlde had fynysshed a fore his even. 1503 Hawes Examp. Virt. xi. 212 Infernall 30-2 FINISHAELE. 236 FINITIMATE. payne that shall not fynysshe. 1527 R. Thorne His Bookc m Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 253 Which maine land .. finisheth in the land which we found. 1563 Shute Archit. Dja, Wherwith finisheth the first. 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI, 111. i. 201 Exeter doth wish His dayes may finish, ere the haplesse time. 1788 Franklin Auiobiog. Wks. 1840 I. 143 Partnerships often finish in quarrels. 1829 Landor Wks. f 1868) I. 205/2 If we begin to reinstate old words, we shall finish by admitting new ones. 1863 Kingsley Water Bab. 20 Finishing off somewhere between 12 and 4. 1881 Sat. Rev. 25 June 818/1 Kermesse. .finished a couple of lengths in front of Kingdom. b. To finish with', (a) To cease to deal with, have done with (obs.) ; (b) to complete one’s work at or upon. 1782 Miss Burney Cecilia (1809) IV. 62 He approved, .of her finishing wholly with the old Don. 1823 Southey Life (1850) V. 139 To-night I shall finish with Queen Mary’s reign. + c. To die. Obs. 1578 T. N. tr. Conq. IV. India Pref. 4 Considering that all flesh must finish, I seek for no quiet rest in this transitorie life. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. v. v. 36 Who with wet cheekes Were present when she finish’d. + 6. trans . (After L. finire.) To assign a limit or boundary to ; to limit. Obs. rare -1 . 1587 Golding De Mornay iv. 47 So as he finish or bound himselfe. Finisliable (finijab’l), a. rare. [f. Finish v. + -able.] Capable of being finished. 1831 Carlyle Let. 26 Feb. in Froude Life (1882) II. vii. 141, I purpose seriously inclining heart and hand to the finishing of * Teufelsdrockh ’—if indeed it is finishable. Finished (fvnijt), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ed h] 1 . In senses of the vb.: a. Brought to a conclu¬ sion, ended, b. Completed, c. That has passed through the last process or stage of manufacture or elaboration. 1583 Stanyiiurst Aeneis iii. (Arb.) 93 At leingth kept he silence, with finnished historye resting. 1682 Creech Lucretius (16831 62 End their almost finisht race, and die. 1801 Southey Thalaba vii. xxx, From the finish’d banquet now The wedding guests are gone. 1833 J. Holland Manuf Metal 11 . vii. 185 It is not an uncommon thing., to purchase a finished stove, take it to pieces, and use the .. pieces as models. 1857 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 338 They most likely will not live to see the finished book. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 7 Rather the materials for a work, .than a finished composition. 1887 Daily News 23 Nov. 2/7 Bleached and finished linens are in good request. 2 . Consummate, perfect, accomplished. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 126 F 1 Lydia is a finished Coquet. 1718 J. Chamberlayne Relig. Philos. Pref. (1730) 42 If not by finished Atheists, yet at least by unsettled and wavering Minds. 1831 Henslow Let. Darwin in Darwin's Life < 5 * Lett. (1887) I. 167 Not in the supposition of your being a finished naturalist, but as amply qualified for co 41 ecting. 1844 Disraeli Coningsby hi. ii, The finished gentleman. C1850 Arab. Nls. (Rtldg.) 236 He possessed a countenance of the most finished beauty. Finisher (fimijar). [f. as prec. + -eh 1 .] 1 . One who or that which finishes (in the dif¬ ferent senses of the vb.). 1526 Tindale Ileb. xii. 2 Jesus the auctor and fynnyssher of oure fayth. 1587 Golding De Mornay Ep. Ded., God the verie founder, furtherer and finisher of trueth. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xlii. 85 The other a finisher of all his troubles. 1667 Milton P. L. xii. 375 O Prophet of glad tidings, finisher Of utmost hope ! 1786 Sir J. Reynolds Disc. xiii. (1876) 69 A portrait by Denner, or any other high finisher. 1827 Sporting Mag. XX. 267 By way of a finisher, washing, .the flax in the rivers kills hundreds of fish. 1875 Lowell Spenser Prose Wks. (1890) IV. 297 note, With all his abundance, he was evidently a laborious finisher. 2 . spec. a. In various trades: The workman, or machine, that performs the final operation in manufacture. 1691 Southerne Sir A. Love 111. i, I am poor Courtant your Taylor’s finisher. 1835 Ure Philos. Manuf. 169 This finisher carding-engine is furnished with finer teeth than the scribbler. 1869 T. Leicester in Rug. Mech. 3 Dec. 282/1 It is then passed on to the finisher or workman. 1875 Ure's Diet. Arts I. 425 The ‘forwarder' then passes the book on to the ‘finisher’, whose duty it is to add the required lettering and ornament. 1884 Standard 14 Apr. 3/7 A strike .. has commenced among the Masters and finishers ’ of the boot trade. b. Finisher of the law : jocularly, the hangman, executioner. 1708 Motteux Rabelais v. Prol. (1737I 57 The Finisher of the Law. 1734 Grub St. Jrnl. 2 May 1/1, I imagine, .that in point of order .. the finisher of the law ought to draw up the conclusion. 1833 Frasers Mag. VIII. 30 Thistlewood was suspended by the finisher of the law. 1835 Tail's Mag. II. 168 It [the Newspaper Press] is the grand inquisitor— the expositor—the flagellator—the finisher ! C. colloq. Something that finishes, discomfits, or ‘does for’ anyone; ‘a settler’. In Pugilism, one who gives a blow that ends a fight; the blow so given. 1817 Sporting Mag. L. 54 As a finisher, there is a great analogy between Randall and the late Dutch Sam. 1827 Hid. XX. 60 He gave him .. four or five such finishers, as [etc.]. 1832 Marryat Forster xliv, This conversazione was a finisher to Dr. Feasible. 1876 Besant & Rice Gold. Butterfly III. 106 When I saw her marriage .. I thought it was a finisher. Finishing (fi-nijiq), vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ING 1 .] 1 . The action of the vb. Finish. a I 535 Fisher Prayer Ejij/i The Smyth .. vseth the hammer .. towardes the finishyng of his worke. 1614 T. Jackson Comm. Apostles Creede II. 216 The accom¬ plishment or finishing of his glory. 1672 C. Manners in 12/// Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 24, I haesten on Mr. Cooper all I can to the finishing of my Lady Exesters picture. 1757 Foote Author 1. Wks. 1799 I* *35 A sketch can never convey him. His peculiarities require infinite labour and high finishing. 1886 Athenaeum 18 Dec. 832/1 The cuts are .. as good as photography, delicate finishing, and choice modern cutting can make them. 2 . concr. That which completes or gives a finished appearance to any kind of work. In Building and Car pent iy, decoration, ornamental work. In Bookbinding, the lettering and ornamental work on the covers. 1663 Gerbier Counsel 15 If the Builder .. will have the Building to have no other finishing. 1712 Addison Sped. No. 285 F 3 Give the last Finishing to every Circumstance in so long a Work. 1766 Entick London IV. 287 The wain¬ scot and finishing very neat. 1785 J. Phillips Treat. Inland Navig. 25 To have a lawn terminated by water, .is a finish¬ ing, of all others the most desirable, c 1850 Rudim. Navig. (Wealy) 118 Finishings, the carved ornaments of the quarter- galleries. 1884 H. P. Spofford in Harper s Mag. Jan. 181/1 The house is., of a pale cream-color, with white finishings. 3 . alt rib. and Comb., as finishing governess , machine, master, mortar, wood. Also finishing- card (see quot.) ; finishing cloth, calico prepared for ‘ finishing’; so finishing goods, linens', finish¬ ing-coat, in Building, the last coating of plaster; finishing-hammer, the last hammer used by the gold-beater; finishing-press ( Bookbinding ), a small press used in the process of ‘ finishing ’; finishing-rolls, a second set of rolls in a rolling- mill ; finishing-school, a school where a pupil’s (usually a young lady’s) education is ‘finished’. 1874 Knight Did. Mech. I. 848/2 * Finishing-card , a machine in which the process of carding is repeated. 1892 Daily Nevus 19 Mar. 5/5 Printers' and ^finishing cloths slow. 1892 Ibid. 6 Aug. 6/4 Printing and *finishing goods slow. 1862 Times 2 Jan., A ^finishing daily governess wishes to devote three or four hours every afternoon to the instruction of pupils. 1892 Daily News 5 Mar. 2/7 Cross Channel demand for. .^finishing linens. 1869 Ibid. 10 Dec., Double¬ blast thrashing and ^finishing machines. 1799 Han. More Fein. Educ. (ed. 4) I, 79 All .. have the honour to co¬ operate with a ^finishing master. 1662 Gerbier Priuc. 19 Bricks to be daubed over with ^finishing Morter. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 250 The finishing Morter to represent Stone, should be made of the strongest Lime. 1881 Ray¬ mond Mining Gloss., * Finishing-rolls. 1836-7 Dickens Sk. Boz (1850) 204/2 I’ll bring in a bill for the abolition of *finishing-schools. 1863 Miss Braddon Eleanor s Vid. iii, He sent nis daughters to the most expensive finishing-school in Paris. 1887 West Shore 427 The white, .cedar, a splendid ^finishing wood. Finishing, ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing 2 .] That finishes ; esp. in (to put, give, receive) the finishing (f hand,) stroke or touch. 1705 Stanhope Paraphr. II. 296 The finishing, or the First, act of Repentance. 1707 Reflex, upon Ridicule 330 A Mind well turn’d, receives the finishing stroke and polish¬ ing from Science. 1754 A. Murphy Gray's-Inn Jrnl. No. 71 P 4 In each Species of Writing I have given the finishing Hand to some Pieces. 1771 Walpole Anecd. Painting IV. 145 {On Gardening ), We tire of all the painter’s art when it wants these finishing touches. 1831 Keble Serm. v. (1848) 106 With the finishing touch .. he completes his picture of that intense depravity. 1858 R. S. Surtees Ask Mamma Ixxxi. 354 To enable them to put the finishing stroke to their respective arrangements. t Fi'nishment. Obs. [f. as prec. + -ment.] End, finishing, completion ; death. C1340 Gaw. Sf Gr. Knt. 499 pe forme to be fynisment foldez ful selden. 1448 Will of Hen. VI in Willis & Clark Cambridge I. 353 After the finisshement of the edifications of oon of the same Colleges, c 1450 Merlin 23 Merlyn began to telle of the fynyshment of Ioseph. 1559 Abp. Parker Corr. (Parker Soc.) 105 To the finishment and stay of that offen- dicle. 1648 W. Mountague Devoute Ess. 1. xviii. § 3. 336 None must undertake this edifice, but after computation of the pertinences requisite for the finishment. Finite (farnait), a. and sb. Also 5-6 fynyte. [ad. L. finit-us, pa. pple. of finire to put an end to, bound, limit, f. finis end, limit.] A. adj. + 1 . Fixed, determined, definite. Obs. 1493 Fesiivall(W . de W. 1515] 79 There was made a fynyte loveday betwene the kyng & Thomas. 1603 Holland Plutarch's Mor. 1191 Giving us assurance of that which is finite and determinate. 1680 H. More Apocal. Apoc. 334 A finite vast number is here put for an indefinite numerous multitude. 2 . Having bounds, ends, or limits; bounded, limited; opposed to infinite. 1587 Golding De Mornay iv. 42 For if any of them [per¬ fections] be finite, then he is not infinite. 1651 Hobbes LeviatJi. 1. iii. 11 Whatsoever we imagine, is Finite. 1692 Bentley Serin. Folly of Atheism vi. 21 That supposed In¬ finite Duration will, .be limited at two Extremes, .and con¬ sequently must needs be Finite. 1854 Moseley Astron. iii. (ed. 4) 11 The surface of the earth is finite in every direc¬ tion. b. Having an existence subject to limitations and conditions. x ^33 G. Herbert Temple , Artillerie iv, I am but finite, yet thine infinitely. 1712 Addison Sped. No. 421 F 7 The whole Heaven or Hell of any finite Being. 1809-10 Cole¬ ridge Friend (1865) 67 Of eternity and self-existence what other likeness is possible in a finite being, but immortality and moral self-determination? 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 416 Of the absolute goodness of any finite nature we can form no conception. 3 . Math. Of a line: Terminated. Of a quantity, number, distance: Limited, neither infinite nor infinitesimal. Of a group: Containing a limited number of substitutions. Of a solution : Resulting in a finite quantity. Finite points : such as are not at an infinite distance apart. Finite series (see quot. c 1S65). 1570 Billingsley Euclid 1. Post. ii. 6 To produce a right line finite, straight forth continually. 1660 Barrow Euclid 1. i, Upon a finite right fine .. to describe an equilateral triangle. . 1840 Lardner Geom. 276 The distance V F, re¬ mains finite, c 1865 Circ . Sc. I. 573/1 A series is called a finite series when it has an assignable last term. 1885 Leudesdorf Cremona's Proj. Geom. 139 Two other finite points on the curve. Ibid. 265 The finite segment FF f is cut or not by the tangents according as the conic is a hyper¬ bola or an ellipse. 1885 Watson & Burbury Math. Tit. d k P* . Eledr. <5- Magn. I. 38 It may be proved that - is the d[k k only finite integral solution in \x of the equation. 1893 A. R. Forsyth Th. Functions 587 These finite discontinuous groups are of importance on the theory of polyhedral functions. 4 . Gram. Of a verb : Limited by number and person ; not in the infinitive mood. 1795 L. Murray Gram. Syntax 86 A simple sentence has in it but one subject, and one finite verb. 1798 Ibid. (ed. 4) m. 113 note, Finite verbs are those to which number and person appertain. 5 . Music. (See quot.) 1869 Ouseley Counterp. xv. 105 If the canon is concluded by a coda, it is called Finite. H App. misused for infinite. a 1400 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 93 That it may plese his fynyte deyte Knowleche in this to sendyn us. B. quasi-.?#. 1 . The adj. used absolutely. 1687 Dryden Hind <5* P. 1. 105 But how can finite grasp Infinity? 1690 Locke Hum. Und. 11. xv. § 12 Finite of any Magnitude, holds not any proportion to infinite. 1825 Cole¬ ridge Aids Rcfl. (1836) 155 Reasoning from finite to finite, on a basis of truth . .will always lead to truth. 1847 Emer¬ son Poems, Threnody Wks. (Bohn) I. 492 My servant Death, with solving rite, Pours finite into infinite. b. The finite: that which is finite. 1845 Maurice Mor. Met. Philos, in Encycl. Metrop. II. 575/1 The finite and the infinite are both alike thoughts of our own. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 9 To us, the notion of infinity is subsequent rather than prior to the finite. 2 . A finite thing; a finite being : see A. 2. a 1619 Fotherby Atheom. 11. x. §4 (1622) 309 All termes, and all indeterminations, all finites and all infinites. 1648 Boyle Seraph. Love xxvi. (1700) 154 It being impossible for an Aggregate of Finites to comprehend .. one Infinite. 1846 [see Finite d ppl. a.]. Finite (fornoit), v. [f. prec. ; or f. ppl. stem of L .finire.] trans. To make finite; to subject to limitations. 1628 1 '. Spencer Logick 47 The matter doth finite, and contract the amplitude of the forme. 1847 Bushnell Chr. Nurt. 11. v. (1861) 318 The Lord to be is there, there to per¬ sonate and finite himself. 1867 Eng. Leader 20 Apr. 224 There are two sides—a divine side and a human side .. the latter being finited, attempered, and dimmed. Hence Fi/nited ppl. a. 1846 Clissold tr. Swedenborg's Principia 1. iii. 81 In relation to things much finited and compounded, this finite is as it were nothing;. .nevertheless it is a something and a finited ens. 1868 Contemp. Rev. VIII. 617 To find God finited in Nature. 1884 Gosp. Divine Humanity iii. 60 Man in his finited state is dust of the ground. [Finiteless: a spurious word in the Dictionaries. Cited by Johnson from Sir T. Browne {Pseud. Ep. 1. ii, where the real reading is ‘ fruitlesse ’).] Finitely (fai'naitli), adv. [f. as prec. 4 -ly 2 .] In a finite manner or degree. 1654 Jer. Tayi.or Real Presence xi. 216 Christ moved finitely by dimensions, and change of places. 1677 Hale Print. Orig. Man. 1. v. 114 Within such a compass as is finitely distant from this hour. 1736 Butler Anal. v. 130 Such creatures would be made upright or finitely perfect. 1748 Hartley Observ. Man 11. ii. 185 The Balance will ulti¬ mately be in favour of each Individual finitely. Finiteness (fai'naitnes). [f. as prec. + -NESS.] The quality or condition of being finite ; the con¬ dition of being limited in space, time, capacity, etc. 1601 Deacon & Walker Spirits «$• Divels 89 It ariseth .. from the finitenesse, and dimensiuenesse of the angelicall nature. 1708 Berkeley Commonpl. Bk. Wks. 1871 IV. 490 Finiteness of our minds no excuse for the geometers. 1886 Proctor Fain. Sc. Stud. 5 No theory of the finiteness of space can possibly be more utterly inconceivable than the idea of infinite space itself. Finitesimal (fainite'simal), a. Math. ff. Finite a., after millesimal, etc.] Denoted by the ordinal of a finite number. 1861 H. J. S. Smith Th. Numbers iii. in Rep. Brit. Assoc. 326 Any term which occupies a finitesimal place in any one arrangement should occupy a finitesimal place in every other arrangement. U ? Erroneously used for infinitesimal', in the sense * exceedingly minute ’. 1836 E. Howard/?. Reeferxxxvil, A spasmodic contraction of the finitesimal nerves. t Finitimate, a. Obs. [f. L .flnitim-us border¬ ing upon + -ATE 2 .] Bordering, neighbouring, close by. Const, to. 1578 Banister Hist. Man 1. 21 We finde the seuenth [vertebra], .finitimate, and next adioyning to the Vertebres of the brest. Ibid. 11. 9 This middle Cartilage is. to the bony, .diuision of the nose aunswerable, and very finitimate. FINITIVE. 237 FIPENNY ■|- Fi'nitive, a. Obs. Also 6 finative, finityve. [ad. L. finitiv-us defining.] 1 . a. Definitive, final, b. Defining. 1593 Rich GreenesNewes Y b, Richard had no sooner thus added his finative concluison, but [etc]. 1656 Blount Glossogr., Finitivt'y which defines or determines. 1730-6 Bailey (folio), Finitme, defining. % 2 . Erroneous uses: a. Put for L. finitimus : Of or belonging to the frontier, b. ? = Finical. 1549 Compl . Scot. xx. 166 The fyrst sort of battellis and veyris that broucht the romans to ruuyne, vas callit battellis finityuis, Afinibus. 1640 R. Brathwait (‘ Phil. Panedonius’) Boulster Lcct.Cyj The Tale of that Finitive Girle [app. = affecting fine language]. + Finitor. Obs. Astron. [a. ~L,. finitor, agent-n. f. finite to bound ; a literal transl. of Gr. opifav Horizon.] The horizon. 1594 Blundevil Excrc. vi. Introd. (ed. 7) 604 The other Crosse Diameter, .signifieth the Horizon, which for distinc¬ tions sake is otherwise called the Finitor. 1671 Flamsteed in Rigaud Corr. Set. Men (1841) II. 124 Not thinking but that the appearance, .would be invisible as celebrated under our finitor. 1688 R. Holme Armoury hi. 147/1 In Terms of Art used by Limners. .Finitor [is the] Horizon. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn ., Finitor , the same with Horizon. Finitude (fi'nitiwd). [f. Finite +-tube.] The condition or state of being finite; the condition of being subject to limitations ; = Finiteness. 1644 R. Harwood Davids Sand. 13 The finitude of the King’s presence. 1677 Gale Crt. Gentiles II. iv. 514 Void of al power and composition, and therefore of al finitude and limitation. 1733 Cheyne Eng. Malady 1. viii. § 4 (1734) 73 It seems Precision is a Contradiction to Finitude. 1836 Sir G. Head Home Tour 128 Those catastrophes which .. serve to remind man of the finitude of his wisdom. 1842 De Morgan Diff. iWoi (Ptol.). Presumably of Teut. origin ; some have conjectured that it is related by ablaut to Fen sb. ] The name used by the Teut. nations for an indi¬ vidual of a people in North-Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, calling themselves Suomi or Suome- laisset, and speaking a language of the Ural-Altaic class. Often applied more widely to include other peoples closely allied ethnically and linguistically to the Finns proper or Suomi. C893 K. Alfred Oros. 1. i. (Sweet) 17 J?a Finnas .. & Beormas spreecon neah an se]>eode. 1599 tr. K. AElfred's Oros. in Hakluyt Voy. I. He iudged* that the Fynnes and Biarmes speake but one language. 1854 Latham in Smith's Did. Cl. Geog. I. 804 Finn is not the name by which either the Finlanders or the Laplanders know themselves. It is the term by which they are known to the Northmen. Finn: see Finnip. Finnac k : see Finnoc. Finnan (fvnan). Also findhorn, findram, fintrum, findon, finnon. [A place-name used attnb. • app. orig.the name of the river Findhorn , or of a place so called on its banks ; but confused with Findon, the name of a village in Kincardineshire.] A haddock cured with the smoke of green wood, turf, or peat earth. More fully finnan-haddock (- haddie ), - spelding . a 1774 Fergusson Leith Races Poems (1845) 33 The Buchan bodies .. Their bunch o’ findrams cry. 18x1 W. Thom Hist. Aberdeen II. 170 Findon haddocks are .. esteemed a great delicacy. 1816 Scott Antiq. xxvi, The elder girl .. was preparing a pile of Findhorn haddocks (that is, haddocks smoked with greet: wood). 1861 Ramsay Remin. v. (ed. 18) 121 ‘ Findon,’ or ‘ Finnan haddies,’ are split, smoked, and partially dried haddocks. 1873 J. G. Bertram Hdrvest of Sea 205 Genuine Finnans, smoked in the original way by means of peat-reek. 1893 Times 13 Dec. 3/6 Central Fish Market.. Aberdeen finnons sold well. Finned (find), [f. Fin sb. 4-ED 2 .] Having a fin or fins (see senses of Fin sb.). Also in para- synthetic derivatives, as prickly -, red-finned. 1340-70 Alex. <5- Dind. 298 Of [>e finnede fihes our fode to lacche. 1611 Cotgk., Perche de mer , a wholesome, rough- find .. rocke-fish. 1707 Mortimer Husb. 61 They.. plough up the Turf with a broad finned Plough. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VI. 303 The fish that have bony prickly fins, are called Prickly Finned Fish. 1785 Grose Diet . Vulgar Tongue s. v. Fin, A one finned fellow, a man who has Tost an arm. 1864 Boutell Heraldry Hist. <$• Pop. xxi. § 11. (ed. 3) 369 Dolphins ... finned and ducally crowned or. 1868 Morris Earthly Par. I. 313 Seeing The red-finned fishes o’er the gravel play. Finner (fvnoi). [f. Fin sb. + -er k] 1 . A name given to whales of the genus Balxnop- tera , esp. the Rorqual, from the fact of their having a dorsal fin. Also finner-whale. 1793 Statist. Acc. Seotl. V. 190 These [whales] commonly measure from 60 to 90 feet in length and are denominated finners. 1822 Scott Pirate ii, The Berserkars used to .. snap them [swords and spears] all up into pieces, as a finner would go through a herring net. 1855 E. Forbes Lit. Papers v. 152 The mighty finners (B alee nop tera), whose prodigious fieetness makes them too dangerous to encounter. 1865 Athenxum No. 1987. 732/3 Skeleton of a finner whale. 1880 Daily News 8 Dec. 6/7 The great northern Rorqual Razorback, or ‘ Finner’. 2 . = Finnoc. 1803 J. Mackenzie Prize Ess. High! Soc. II. 377 Finners or finnocs, which usually abound in every salmon river, have fins of a yellow colour. Finnic (finik), a. Also 7 Fin no nick. [f. Finn + -ic. The form Finnonick is acl. mod.L. Finnonicus, f. Finno Finn ; cf. Lapponic .] a. Pertaining to the Finns, Finnish, b. Now usually. Pertaining to the group of peoples ethnically allied to the Finns, or to that division of the Ural-Altaic languages to which Finnish belongs. 1668 Wilkins Real Char. 1. i. § iii. 4 The Finnic [language] used in Finland and Lapland. 1674 tr. Scheffer's Lapland 76 The Finnonick Language. 1878 N. A wer. Rev. CXXVI. 368 The Lesghian and other tongues of the Caucasus, by some pretended to be of Finnic origin. Hence Fi nnicize v. itonce-wd., to give a Finnish form to. 1827 IVestm. Rev.V II. 320 The foreign names, .have been gradually finnicized, and Biblia is now written Piplia. Finnicking, finnikin : see Finicking. Finnier, var. of Fineer v., Obs. t Finnimbrun. Obs. rare~ l . [Of arbitrary formation : cf. conimbrum, var. of Conundrum.] A trifle, a gimcrack. 1653 Walton Angler (1676) 263 He saw Ribbins and Looking-glasses .. and Hobbyhorses .. and all the other finnimbruns that make a compleat Country Fair Frnnip. slang. Also firm, finny. [Said to be a Yiddish pronunc. of Ger. fiinf five.] A five- pound note. 1846 R. L. Snowden Magistr. Assist. 346, I ..got six Finnips and a Cooter for the Yacks. 1865 Mayhew Lond. Labour III. 596 The notes were all finnies (.£5 notes), and a good imitation. 1879 Macm. Mag. Oct. 505/1 Fifty quid in double finns. Finnish (fi nij), a. [f. Finn + -ish ; cf. ON. Finnskr , Sw., Da. Finske, Ger. Finnischi] Pertain¬ ing to the Finns; rarely in wider sense = Finnic b. Also absol. quasi-rA, the Finnish language. 1789-96 Morse Am. Un. Geog. XI. 84 The Ostiaks, who are likewise a Finnish race, a 1845 Hood Sir J. Bowring 24 Although you should begin in Dutch, and end (like me) in Finnish. 1856 Gazetteer of the World III. 359 The Finnish peasantry. Finnoc (frn^k). Also 8 finnac(k, -eck, -oek, 8-9 phin(n)ock. [a. Gael .fionnag, i.fionn white.] * A white trout, a variety of the Salmo fario ’ (Jam.). 1771 Pennant Tour Scotl. (1794) 230 Phinocs are taken here in great numbers. 1792 Statist. Acc. Scotl. III. 360 A trout called a finneck.. appears in.. July and August. 1834 Jardine in Proc. Berzu. Nat. Club I. No. 2. 51 This fish I consider to be the Salmo albus of Fleming, .the Phinnock of the north and west of Scotland, c 1850 Nat. Encycl. I. 38 The river abounds with trout, finnock, eels. Finny (fi-ni), [f. Fin rf. + -T'.] 1 . Provided with or having fins; finned. 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. viii. 29 Proteus. .Along the fomy waves driving his finny drove. 1695 Blackmore Pr. A rth. iv. 52 The Finny or the Feather’d Kind. 1850 Blackie sEschylus I. 142 With finny monsters teems the sea. b. nonce-use. Of a person : With arms like fins. 1883 F. M. Crawford Dr. Claudius vii. Miss Skeat.. looked tall and finny. 2 . Of the nature of a fin ; like a fin. 1648 Herrick HesperAMg) 338 Never againe shall I with finnie-ore Put from or draw unto the faithfull shore. 1668 Wilkins Real Char. 133 Finny substances, standing out from each side like wings. 3 . a. Of or pertaining to fish. b. Teeming with fish. Cf. Fin sb. 1 c. 1764 Goldsm. Trav. 187 He . .With patient angle, trolls the finny deep. 1831 Black70. Flag. XXX. 965 Instinctive all with finny life. 1867 J. B. Rose tr. / irgiCs sEncid 99 The headlong osprey, .skims the finny flood. t Frnny, vinny, a~ Obs. exc. dial. [OE. fynig, f. fyne mould. Cf Fenny.] Mouldy. a 1722 Vinney [see Finewy]. 1861 Ramsay Remin. Ser. 11. p. xxix, ‘ I can’t eat un [a loaf], zur : it be soa vinny/ I dis¬ covered that he meant 4 mouldy 1863 Barnes Dorset Dial. 97 Blue vinny, or vinnied, cheese. Finny: see Finnip. || Finochio (fin^rkifl). Also 8 fenochia, -io, -occhio, finocha, finochi, 8-9 fin(n)ochia. [It. finocchio :—popular L. fenoclum : see Fennel.] The sweet fennel ( Fccniculum dulce); also called the dwarf or French fennel. 1723 R. Digby Let. to Pope 14 Aug. How spring the Brocoli and the Fenochio. 1767 J. Abercrombie Ev. Man own Gardener (1803) 658/1 Finochio, or French fennel ; for soups, sallads, etc. 1796 C. Marshall Garden, xvi. (1813) 267 Finochio is a sort of dwarf fennel. 1847 Craig, Fin¬ no chi a, a variety of fennel. t Finter-fanter. Obs. [A jingling; redu¬ plication of unmeaning sounds. Cf. Fiddle- faddle.] The name of a herb. ? a 1400 [see Fetterfoe]. II Fio ‘CCO. Obs. Also 7 erron. fiocchio. [It. fiocco (pi .fioccht): see Flock sb?\ A tassel. 1694 S Johnson Notes Past. Let. Bp. Burnet 1. 2 Fiocchio’s or Cardinals Horse-top-knots. 1714 Hist. Mitre 6* Purse 30 A Cardinals Horse with his Fiocco upon him. t Fi/ole. Obs. Also 4-5 fyole, viol(e, fiolle, 6 fyoyle. [a. OY.fiole, phiole — Vv. fiola, med.L. Jiola (class. L. phiala , Gr. r/z), Lombard fereha, all denoting a kind of oak (L. xsculus). The L. qucrcus oak is doubtless cog¬ nate.] 1 . The name given to a number of coniferous trees, of different genera. Scotch Pir (Finns sylvestris ), a native of Arctic Europe and Asia; perhaps indigenous in a few spots of northern Britain; called also Scotch Pine. Silver Pir (Abies pectmata), a native of the mountainous parts of middle and southern Europe; so called from its whiteness under the leaves. Silver Fir of Canada (Abies balsam ea), a small tree which furnishes 1 Canada balsam/ Spruce Pir (Picea excelsa), a native of northern and mountainous central Europe ; called also Norway Spruce. (The first quot. is doubtful : the word may be Far.) a 1300 Cursor M. 11501 (Gott.) [Rekels] .. es a gum ]>at cummes of firr. c 1381 Chaucer Pari. Foules 179 The sayling firr. 1398TREVISA Barth. De P. R. xvii. iv. (Tollem. MS ), Veer [1535 Fer] is a tre ]>at strecche}> in leng)»e upwarde. a 1490 Botoner Itin. (1778) 175 Arbores et mastys de vyrre cum anchoris jacent. 1530 Palsgr. 220/2 Fyrre a tree, sappin. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. i. 9 The firre that weepeth still. 1624 Capt. Smith Virginia 1. 19 The rocky clifts .. overgrown with Firre. 1713 C'tess Winchelsea Misc. Poems 188 The silver Firr dotes on the stately Pine. 1777 Hunter in Phil. Trans. LXVIII. 47 Spruce fir, Scotch fir, Silver fir, Weymouth fir. 1794 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxviii. 446 Silver Fir is so named from the whiteness of the leaves underneath. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. I. 267 ‘As a nurse'..‘no other tree equals the Scotch fir.' 1877 Bryant Odyss. v. 290 Firs that reach the clouds. 2 . The wood of any of these trees. Fir-in-bond , 1 a name given to lintels, bond-timbers, wall-plates, and indeed all timbers built in walls ’ (1846 Buchanan Tec/mol. Diet.). 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvii. exxi. (1495) 684 The ver rotyth anone vnder erthe. 1611 Bible i Kings vi. 15 Hee .. couered the floore of the house with plankes of firre. 1677 Yarranton Engl. Improv. 69 Many Cities are built of Fir. 1823 P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 261 The fir which is mostly used in carpentry is distinguished by the name of Memel Fir. b. Sc.—candle-fir : see Candle sb. 7. 1813 W. Beattie Entertain. $ Instruct. Tales 1. 31 Pate . .but-a-house dare hardly look, But had, and snuff the fir. 3 . atti'ib.'oxv/LComb. a. simple attrib.: (sensei), as fir-bark , - clump , -cone (hence fir-coning , nonce- wd.), - green , - plantation, -seed, -top, - wood ; (sense 2), as fir-lathing, -plank, -pole, -timber ; b. instru¬ mental or parasynthetic, as fir-bordered, - built , •scented, -topped adjs. 1840 Mrs. Norton Dream 2 The changeful beams still play’d On the *fir-bark. 1891 Daily News 7 Sept. 2/1 Along the ^fir-bordered road. 1867 Smyth Sailor s Word-bk * Fir- built, constructed of fir. 1842 Faber Styrian Lake 356 Groupes of birch .. Rise up .. Among the *fir-clumps dark. 1818 Keats Endym. 1. 256 Oak-apples, and *fir-cones brown. 1819 Miss Mitford in Life (1870) II. 56, I like it (reading] .. better than *fir-coning — better than violeting. 1884 Girl's Own Paper 29 Nov. 136/1 The newest greens are called cresson and * '‘fir-green ’. 1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 84/1 Webbing made of reed and used in substitution of -^fir-lathing. 1855 H. Clarke Diet. s. v. Fir , *Fir-plank. 1824 Miss Miti-ord Village Ser. 1. (1863) 61 The dark verdure of the *fir-plantations. 1703 Moxon Mech . Exerc. 177 The Pole is commonly made of a *Fir-pole. 1823 P. Nicholson Pi'act. Build. 223 Fir-poles, small trunks of fir- trees. 1880 Ouida Moths II. 384 He was thinking of green, cool, dusky, *fir-scented Ischl. 1664 Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 196 Fir-seeds. 1858 Skyring’s Builders' Prices 62 Memel and all other *fir timbers. 1855 Kingsley Heroes 11. 212 Upon the *fir-tops hung the bones of murdered men. 1886 Pall Mall G. 28 Aug. 3/2 The *fir-topped hill that shuts out the view of the lake, c 1540 Leland Itin. vii (1744) 22 Ther be founde in Morisch and Mossy Grounde .. *Fyr- woodde Rootes. 1611 Bible 2 Sam. vi. 5 Instruments made of Firre-wood. 1877 Black Green Past. ii. (1878) 12 That distant line of firwood on the horizon. 4 . Special comb.: as fir-apple, -ball, the fruit of the fir-tree ; a fir-cone ; + fir-beech, the lime or linden tree (L. iilia) ; fir-bob =fir-apple; fir¬ brush (see quot.) ; fir-candle Fir 2 b ; fir- cedar (see quot.); fir club-moss = fir-moss ; fir- deal, a deal or plank of fir; also, fir-wood cut in planks; fir-marigold (see quot.) ; fir-moss (see quot.) ; fir-needle (see quot.) ; fir-pine = 1 ; fir-rape, a parasitic plant on roots of fir and beech (Hypcpithys multifiord) ; fir-spell dial. = Fir 2 b (in quot. referring to fir-roots so used). Also Fir- tree. 1712 J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 147 The Fir-Tree . .bears a scaly Fruit of a piramidal Figure, call’d the *Fir- Apple. 1878 Britten & Holland Plant-n. 184 Fir Apple . .*Fir Balls. .*Fir-bob. 1577 b. Googe Heresbaclis Husb. 11. (1586) 101 b, The Fyrre, the Oke, the Chestnutte, the >; Fyrrebeeche. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. JVord- bk., * Fir-brushes, the needle-foliage of fir trees. 1601 Hol¬ land Pliny II. 179 The great Cedar, called by the Greeks Cedrelate, as one would say, the *Fir-Cedre, yeeldeth a certain pitch or parrosin named Cedria. 1855 Miss Pratt Fei ns 138 Order Lycopodiaceae, L. Selago (*Fir Club-moss, Upright Fir-moss). 1450, 1558, 1604, 1618 * Fir-deal [see Deal sb? 1, 1 b]. 1834 Pringle Afr. Sk. ix. 308 The *fir- marigold [mesembryanthemum] was expanding its radiated crowns over thousands of acres. 1879 Prior Plant-n. 80 * Fir-moss, a mossy looking plant like a little fir-tree, Lyco¬ podium Selago. 1883 Hampsh. Gloss., * Fir-needles, the leaves of the Scotch Fir. 1843 Marry at M. Violet xxxv. 290 The*flr-pines .. told us that we had reached the highest point of the hills. 1861 Miss Pratt Flower. PI. III. 384 Order Monotropeas .. (Yellow Bird’s-nest). .called also * Fir- rape. 1884 Evangelical Mag. Feb. 60 The Fir-Rape .. grows at the foot of beech and fir trees. 1697 Phil. Trans. XIX. 382 Examine the *Fir-spells, as they call them, who are brought up the River Ouse by the Turff-men and sold at York. Fir, var. form of Fur. t Fi'rdon, v. Sc. Obs. Also firdoun, frid^d)- oun. [ad. F. fredonn-eri] intr. To warble, to quaver in singing. Hence Fi*rdoning vbl. sb. 1599 A. Hume Hymnes, Day Estivall 18 Their firdoning the bony birds In banks they do begin. x6.. Montgomerie Cherrie <$• Slae vii. (in Ever Green 1724) Compleitly mair sweitly Scho fridound flat and schairp. Fire (foRi), Forms : 1 fyr, 2-4 fur(e, 3-5 fuyr(e, 4 fuir(e, 5 feure, 2-5 fer(e, 3 south. ver(e, (5 feer), 2-7 fier(e, (3 feir), 4-6 fyr(e, (5 fyyr, 5-7 fyer(e, (5 feyer, 6 fyar, fieare), 2-5 fir, 3- fire. [Com. WGer.: OE./Jr str. neut. = OYris. fiur, fior, OS .fiur (Du. vuur , Flem. vief), OYlG.fitir/filir (MHG. viur, fiwer , Ger. feuer ); the Icel. fdr-r str. masc., fyre str. neut., fire, and Sw., G&.fyr, lighthouse, beacon, may be of German or Eng. origin. The OTeut. *fflir - (cons, stem) corresponds to Gr. irv-ip, 7 wp, Umbrian pir , Arm. hur, of same meaning ; cf. Skr. pit, pavaka fire.] In poetry sometimes as two syllables (fsraJ). A. As simple sb. 1 . The natural agency or active principle operative in combustion ; popularly conceived as a substance visible in the form of flame or of ruddy glow or incandescence. £825 Vesp. Psalter xvii. 9 [xviii. 8] Astag rec in eorre his & fyr from onsiene his born, a 1000 Caedmons Exod. 93 (Gr.) Him beforan foran fyr and wolcen. £1175 Lamb. Horn. 89 On fdsse deie com \>e halie gast on fures heowe to godes hirede. £1200 Ormin 17414 He swallt Jmrrh firess wunde. c 1250 Gen. <$* Ex. 1140 Do meidenes herden quilum seien, Dat fier sulde al Sis werld forsweSen. 1207 R. Glouc. (1724) 151, Y formed as a dragon, as red as pe fuyr. 1340 Ayenb. 265 per me geb uram chele in to greate hete of uere. c 1380 Wyclif Set. Wks. III. 102 panne maist pou vvip tendre gete fuyre of pat stone. 1447 Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.) 21 The feer wych owt dede renne From his [the dragon’s] mouth. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 3 Whiche from y c gyrdell downwarde was all lyke fyre. 1607 Hieron Wks. I. 364 Fier is known to be fier by the heat, though for the time it haue no flame. 1622 Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alf 1. 49 With a face as red as fire. 1781 Gibbon Decl. § F. III. lxxi. 802 Fire is the most powerful agent of life and death. 1837 J. H. Nevvman Par. Serm.{ 1839) I. i.9 Fire does not inflame iron, but it inflames straw. b. as one of the four * elements ’. a 1300 Fragm. Pop. Sc. (Wright) 121 Next the mone the fur is hext. 1576 Baker Jewell of Health 170 a, Mans blood .. out of which draw, according to Art, the fowre Elements . .The water of it auayleth in all sicknesses . .The Ayre also distylled of it much auayleth vnto [etc.].. But the fyre purchased of it is more precious . .This fyre is named the Elixir vitae. 1700 Dryden Fables, Pylhag. Philos. 517 The force of fire ascended first. .Then air succeeds. c. with reference to hell or purgatory; some¬ times in pi. Also in Alchemy, f Fire of Hell = Alkahest. £ 975 Rushw.Gosp. Mark ix. 44 Der.. f> fyr lie bi(5 gidrysnad. £ 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. v. 22 Se Se se&5, pu stunta, se byS scyldij helle fyres. a 1x75 Cott. Horn. 221 pat ece fer. ^1300 Cursor M. 29165 (Cott.) pe fier of purgatori. 1577 Fulke Confut. Purg. 102 But what doctrine is tryed . .by the fire of purgatory? 1657 G. Starkey Helmont's Vind. 241 The sweet oyl.. by cohobation with the fire of Hell (that is, the Alchahest) becomes volatile. 1667 Milton P. L. i. 48 In Adamantine Chains and penal Fire. 1829 A. Fon- blanque Eng. under 7 Administ. (1837) b 2 73 [A child- witness] * knows that people who swear falsely in a Court of Justice go to brimstone and fire’. fg. X847 Tennyson Princ. v. 444 The fires of Hell Mix with his hearth. d. Volcanic heat, flame, or glowing lava; fa volcanic eruption. £1582 Skory in Nature XXVII. 316 The fyers doe ofte breake forth from out the hole in the topp of this hill. X632 Lithgow Trav. ix. 391 This last and least fire [of Etna] runne downe in a combustible flood. 1734 Pope Ess. J\Ian iv. 124 Shall burning ./Etna .. Forget to thunder and recall her fires ? 1811 W. J. Hooker Iceland (1813) 11.106 Hecla, from the frequency of its fires .. has been .. the most cele¬ brated. 184s Darwin Voy. Nat. i. 1 The volcanic fires of a past age. .have, .rendered the soil unfit for vegetation. + e. Farriery. = Cautery. Cf. to give the fire in 1 f. Obs . 1635 Markham Faithf Fai'rier (162%) 103 The Actuall fire stoppeth corruption of members, and stancheth blood. .The Potentiall fires are Medecins Corosive, Putrefactive, or Caustick. X737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1740) II. 199 As Horses must submit to Fire. Ibid. 218 Is not this Oil, in a great measure, what we call potential Fire? f. Phrases. + To give fire (to ): (a) to apply a match to. set light to ; to kindle, lit. and fig .; also ah sol. ; (b) in Farriery (also, to give the fire), to cauterize; in quots. absoL To set (+ a) fire to (+ of, f in, + on, + upon) : to apply fire to, kindle, ignite. To strike (or t smite) fire : see the verbs. £ 1430 Lydg. Minor P., Agst. Idlen. xx, Peryodes .. From fiyntes smote fuyre, darying in the roote. X568 Grafton Chron. II. 107 b, Thei set fire in their lodg- ynges, and departed in good ordre of battail. 1580 Baret Alv. F 450 To strike fire with a flint, excut ere sifids scintillam . 1580 Blundf.vil Horsemanship iv. clxxxv. {heading), Of Cauterization, or giuing the fire. 1590 Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons 21 The Harquebuziers giving fire with their matches .. to the touchpowder. 1604 E. Grimstonf. Hist. Siege Ostend 45 A fine Bullet .. set fire of a barrell of Poulder. 1607 A. Brewer Lingua iv. i, He . .gives fire to the touch-hole. 1623 Bingham Xenophon 50 All arose and .. set fire on the Carts, and Tents. 1633 Bp. Hall Hard Texts 549 Who shall invade their country and set a fire on their chief city. 1635 Markham Faithf. Farrier (1638) 103 There are two waies to give fire. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. 85 These Fuses are very certain to give Fire, a 1674 Clarendon Hist. Reb. xm. (1704) III. 354 The Lady .. having given fire her self to the Cannon. 1700 Tyrrell Hist. Eng. II. 786 They set Fire on the Suburbs. 1725 Loud. Gaz. No. 6447/4 One of the said Persons did strike Fire. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1757) II. 217 The absurdity of giving the Fire for the Cure of Bog-spavins. 1761 Gray Let. to Brcnun 24 Sept. Fire was given to all the lustres at once by trains of prepared flax. g. In exclamatory phrases (cf. 1 c). [1601,1604: see Brimstone 1 b.] 1825 J. Neal Bro. Jonathan 11. 91 Fire an’ brimstone ! lay hold o' the trumpet, I say. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge 1, Fire and fury, master!.. What have we done, that you should talk to us like this ! h. Proverbs. + Do not put fire to flax or tow. f There is no fire without smoke : i. e. everything has some disadvantages. There is no smoke with¬ out fire (see quot. 1670). a 1450 Knt. de la Tour 25 It wille make her do and thenke the worse, as it were to putte fere in flexe. 1539 Taverner Erasm. Prov. (1552) 57 Put not fyer to fyer. .This prouerbe is touched in Englyshe where it is sayde, that we ought not to put fyre to towe. 1546 J. Hf.ywood Proz>. (1562) Hj, There is no fyre without some smoke. 1670 Ray Prov. 143 No smoke without some fire, i.e. There is no strong rumour without some ground for it. 1888 F. Hume Mad. Midas 11. xii, ‘There is no smoke without fire’, replied Rolleston, eagerly. 2. State of ignition or combustion. In phrases: On fire (also f of a fire, + in (a) fire) : ignited, burning ; fig. inflamed with passion, anger, zeal, etc. To set (or + put) on fire (also + in (a) fire, t on a fire) : to ignite, set burning ; alsoyf^*. to in¬ flame, excite intensely. To set the Thames on fire : to make a brilliant reputation. See also Afire. Not found in OE., nor is there anything analogous in German; F. has en feu. The phrases in lit. sense chiefly refer to destructive burning: cf. 5. <1400 Apol. Loll. 3 For ]>oo He chimneis ich low of }>e fendis blowing is sett in fire, a 1400-50 Alexander 2470 Fest I all on [v.r. in] a fire J?e foly is 3oure awen. c 1485 Digby Myst. (1882) hi. 742 Goo in-to H s howsse, & loke ye set yt on a feyer. £1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon i. 17, I shall sett all his londes in fyre. c 1500 Hclusine 228 He .. sware his goddes that he shuld putte al on fyre. 1548 Hall Chron. 107 b, The fortresse .. thei toke and set it on fire. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 136 No mans nature is so apt, straight to be heated, except the Oratour hymself be on fire. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Jack Cade xvii. 6 Set much part on fire. 1641 Shute Sarah <5- Hagar (1649) Certainly, if God’s mercy be in a fire, our thankfulness must not be in a frost, a 1680 Charnock Wks. (1864) I. 195 Water poured on lime sets it on fire by an antiperistasis. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. xv. 414 The Sea seemed all of a Fire about us. 1724 De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840; 142 They were all on fire to fall on. 1818 FIRE FIRE. Shf.llf.y Rev. Islam vi.iv, For to the North I saw the town on fire. 1857 Trollope Three Clerks vii, When Sir Gregory .. declared that Mr. Fidus Neverbend would never set the Thames on fire, he meant to express his opinion that that gentleman was a fool. 1871 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) IV. xvii. 80 Enough was carried beyond the sea to set on fire the minds of all. b. To catch, take fire , (+ set on fire ): to become ignited (see Catch v. 44, Take v). Also ( colloq. or vulgar ), to catch on fire. 1644 i)iGBY Two Treat. 1. 183 The Indian canes..if they be first very dry, will of themselves set on fire. 1886 Conway Living or Dead x, Now, don't catch on fire like that, Philip. 3 . b uel in a state of combustion ; a mass of burn¬ ing material, e. g. on a hearth or altar, in a burning furnace, etc. + 'To keep one s fire : to stay at home. Coals of fire : see Coal i b. a 1000 Caedmon's Gen. 322 (Gr.) La3on oSre fynd on bam fyre. c 1205 Lay. 1196 He halde }>a mile in bat fur. c 1290 »S*. Eng. Leg. I. 12/373 Ouer a gret fuyr and strong, c 1350 IVill. Palerne 907 Sum-time it hentis me wib hete as hot as ani fure, but quicliche so kene a cold comes b^r-after. c 1430 Two Cookery-bks. 42 Do hem on a potte ouer be fyre. c 1460 Play Sacrum. 682 To make an ovyn as redd hott as euer yt can be made w fc fere. C1500 Melusine xxxvi. 264 To long he had kept his fyre. ^33 Gau Richt Vay (1883) 31 As the gold is prouine in the fyr. ?ci558 Cavendish IVolscy (1825) I. 204 Go down again, and make a great fire in your lodge, against I come to dry them. 1634 Prynne Docu¬ ments agst. Prynne (Camden) 24 He condempnes the booke to the fyer. 1697 Dryden sEneid ir. 398 The Wreaths and Relicks of th* Immortal Fire. 1717 Berkeley Tour in Italy Wks. 1871 IV. 564 Cold weather; forced to have a fire. 173S Pope Donne Sat. n. 112 No kitchens emulate the vestal fire. 1823 Scott F. M. Perth ii, A good fire, with the assistance of a blazing lamp, spread light and cheerfulness through the apartment. 1854 H. Miller Sch. <$• Selim, v. ( I 8.S7 * 95 The second apartment .. had .. its fire full in the middle of the floor, without back or sides. b. transf. and fig .; also in phr. near the fire. 1560 Daus tr. Sleidanc's Comm. 408 The other Princes and states, especially suche as are nere the fire. 1596 Harington Metam. Ajcix( 1814) 116 You may make a great fire of your gains and be never the warmer. 1611 Bible Jas. iii. 6 The tongue is a fire, a world of iniquitie. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple I si. v. iii, So shall my flagging Muse to heav’n aspire. .And warm her pineons at that heav’nly fire. 1639 Laud in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1721) III. 11.899 Let him make a happy use of coming so near the Fire, and yet escape. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 210 The excellent contrivance of Nature, in placing in Animals .. a fire .. nourished .. by the materials conveyd into the stomach. 1709 Pope Ess. Crit. 195 Some spark of your celestial fire. f c. Fire of joy ; a bonfire ; = Feu de joie i. a 1674 Clarendon Relig. $ Policy (1711) I. vi. 314 Pre¬ parations .. by the magistrates for making fires of joy. d. The same serving as a beacon. [Cf. Da. fyr lighthouse.] 1711 Land. Gas. No. 4893/3 The Fire [in a lighthouse] will be lighted, .from the First Day of September. e. Proverbs. A burnt child dreads the fire : see Burnt 3 b. \ A soft fire makes sweet malt : said as a recommendation of gentleness or deliberation. The fat is hi the fire : see Fat sbA 3 c. 1300 Salomon «$• Sat. (1848) 276 Brend child fur dredeb, quoth Hendyng. 1340 Aye7ib. 116 \)e ybernde uer dret. £■1530 R. Hilles Common-Pi. Bk. (1858) 140 A softe fiyre makyth swete malte. 1550 Coverdale Spir. Perle xiii. (1588) 141 A Burnt hande dreadeth the fire. 1663 Butler Hud. 1. iii. 1251 Soft fire, They say, does make sweet Malt, Good Squire. + f. transf. in enumerations : A household. Obs. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. fy Commw. 214 Parishes; in some of which..a thousand housholders or fires doe inhabit. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xviii. 63 A town of fifteen hundred fires. t 4 . a. The means of lighting a fire or setting something alight; a live coal. b. Firing, fuel. a 1300 Cursor M. 3163 (Gott.) Suord ne fir forgat he noght, And yong ysaac a fagett broght. 1540 Act 33 Hoi. VIII , c. 6 With quarelles gunpouder, fyre, and touche. 1611 Bible Gen. xxii. 7 Behold the fire and wood; but where is the lambe for a burnt offring? b. 1547 Nottingham Rec. IV. 91 In exspenses for fyar and candelle. 1635 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 96 There is a mighty want of fire in these moors. 1793 Smeaton Edy- stone L. § 274 Little extra expence .. except a little more Lead, and a little more Fire. 5 . Destructive burning, esp. of any large extent or mass of combustible material, e.g. a building, forest, etc. ; a conflagration. Also in phr. fire and sword , (f iron and fire) ; also attrib. At fire''s-length (rare) ; at a safe distance in the event of fire. For (to set) on fire , etc. see 2. a X175 Cott. Horn. 239 Wic drednesse wurS j?er ban bat fer to for him abern <5 bat nuddernad. c 1205 Lay. 2159 He fuhten wi <5 his leoden mid fure & mid here. C1325 Know Thyself 30 in E. E. P. <1862) 131 Hit fareb as fuir of heth. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. iv. 96 Fur on here houses. 1504 Wriothesley Chron. (1B75) I. 5 A great fier at the ende of London Bridge. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 314 Spoylyng the Countrie with yron and fyre as he went. 1577 B. Googe Heresbaclis Husb. 1. (1586) gb, These offices (for feare of fyre) you see, are all severed from the house. 1600 Holland Livy vii. 269 In euerie place nothing but fire and sword. 1667 Water- house (title). A short narrative of the late dreadful fire in London. 1724 T. Richers Hist. R. Geneal. Spain 53 They . .put all to Fire and Sword. 1738 Johnson Loudon 14 Now a rabble rages, now a fire. 1780 in Lett. 1st Earl Malmes¬ bury (187o) I. 465 This night we are quiet, and I hear no attempts at fire have been made. 1781 Cowper Conv. 756 Till the last fire burn all between the poles. 1820 Shelley Ode to Naples 148 The fields they tread look black and hoary With fire. 1830 Westm. Rev. XIII. 313 * The dissolution of 239 social order,’ which our fire-and-sword logicians so long and confidently preached. 1855 Trollope Warden xix, That would be saving something out of the fire. 1862 H. Marryat Year hi Sweden II. 428 Wooden houses, wisely placed at fire’s-length from each other. Jig- % 1548 Hall Chron. 99 b, The greate fire of this dis- cencion, betwene these twoo noble personages, was. .utterly quenched out. 1654 tr. Scudery's Curia Pol. 3 To see this fire extinguished, before the flame grew higher. b. Sc. Law. Letters of fire and sword : before the Union, an order authorizing the sheriff to dis¬ possess an obstinate tenant or proceed against a delinquent by any means in his power. 1681 Visct. Stair Ins tit. Law Scot. iv. xxxviii. § 27 (1693) 662 Letters of Fire and Sword are given out against them. a 1768 Erskine Instil, iv. iii. § 17 (1773) 691 If a party was so obstinate as to .. continue his possession in despite of the law, the Scots privy council .. granted letters of fire and sword, authorising the sheriff to .. dispossess him by all the methods of force. 1861 W. Bell Diet. Law Scot. s.v. c. An exclamation used as a call for aid at a conflagration. 1682 N. O. Boileau's Lutrin iv. 201 One cryes, Fire ! Fire ! Fire ! the Church doth burn. 1819 T. Moore Tom Crib's Mem. 21 As a man would cry ‘ fire ! * d. To go through fire : to submit to the severest ordeal or proof; to go through fire and water : to encounter or face the greatest dangers or hardest chances. c 825 Vesp. Psalter lxv[i]. 12 We leordun Sorh fyr & weter. 1534 Hervet tr. Xenophon's Householde 61 b They wolde gladly folowe theym through fyre and water, and throughe all maner of daunger. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. 11. ii. 103 And run through fire I will for thy sweet sake. 1598 — Merry IV. hi. iv. 107 A woman would run through fire & water for such a kinde heart. 1660 Jer. Taylor Worthy Communicant ii. §1. 119 We also are to examine .. how we have passed through the fire? 1781 Cowper Expost. 521 [They] Would hunt a Saracen through fire and blood. a 1796 Burns Ronalds of Bennals 19 The Laird o’ Blackbyre wad gang through the fire If that wad entice her awa, man. 6. Torture or death by burning. Also, Fire and faggot : see Faggot 2. Plence f (Topersuade) by fire : by extreme inducements. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. iii. 9 And are not some¬ time perswaded by fire beyond their literalities. 1718 Prior Charity 8 Did Shadrach’s Zeal my glowing Breast inspire, To weary Tortures, and rejoice in Fire. 7 . Lightning ; a flash of lightning; a thunderbolt. More fully, + levenes fire, fire of heaven. \ Elec¬ trical fire : the electric fluid, electricity. 1154 O. E. Chron. an. 1122 Com se fir on ufenweard stepel. c 1250 Gen. <$• Ex. 3046 Dhunder, and hail, and leuenes fir. c 1300 Cursor M. 19613 (Cott.) pe fire of heuen par has him stunt. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. iv. 102 penne falleth per fur on false menne houses. 1747 Franklin Lett. Wks. 1840 V. 186 He imagined that the electrical fire came down the wire from the ceiling to the gun-barrel. 1748 Ibid. 215 Vapors, which have both common and electrical fire in them. 1820 Shelley Ode W. Wind ii. 14 From whose solid atmosphere Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst. 8. a. An inflammable composition for producing a conflagration or for use in fireworks; a firework. More fully artificial fire = ¥r. feu d'artifice. Obs. exc. in false fire : see False a. 14 b. 1602 Dekker Satiro-Mastix E iij, We must have false fiers. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xx. 71 Nine hundred pots of artificial fire. 1662 J. Davies tr. Mandelslo's Trav. 51 The Artificial Fires, which are made use of to frighten these Creatures. 1700 J. Jackson in Pepys Diary VI. 232 The rockets, and other smaller fires, were in abundance. 1777 G. Forster Voy. Round World II. 92 We let off some false fires at the mast-head. b. Greek fire : a combustible composition for setting fire to an enemy’s ships, works, etc.; so called from being first used by the Greeks of Con¬ stantinople. Also wild fire : see Wildfire. a 1225 Ancr. R. 402 pis Grickische fur is the luue of ure Lourde. c 1477 Caxton Jason 101 b, Sparkklyng and brennyng as fyre grekyssh. 1855 Hewitt Anc. Armour I. 90 The receipt for the composition of the Greek Fire may be found in the Treatise of Marcus Grecus. 9 . Coal Mining. = Firedamp. 1883 in Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining. 10 . Luminosity or glowing appearance resembling that of fire. 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI, 1. i. 12 His sparkling Eyes, repleat with wrathfull fire. 1605 — Macb. 1. iv. 51 Starres, hide your fires, Let not Light see my black and deepe desires ! 1735 Pope Prol. Sat. 5 Fire in each eye, and papers in each hand. 1821 Shelley Prometh. Unb. 1. 762 Their soft smiles light the air like a star’s fire. 1865 J. C. Wilcocks Sea Fisherm. (1875) 271 Should the ‘ brime' or ‘ fire’ show itself, the fish will not be likely to strike the nets. 1873 Black Pr. Thule x. 164 A great fire of sunset spread over the west. b. Fires of heaven , heavenly fires : (poet.) the stars. Fires of St. Elmo : see Corposant, f Fatu¬ ous, foolish fire (obs.) = Ignis fatuus. 1563 W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 11 b, Ignis fatuus , foolish fire. 1607 Shaks. Cor. 1. iv. 39 Or by the fires of heauen, lie leaue the Foe. 1667 Milton P. L. xii. 256 Before him burn Seaven Lamps as in a Zodiac representing The Heav’nly fires. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) I. xxi. 134 Floating bodies of fire .. the fires of St. Helmo, or the mariner’s light. 1847 Tennyson Princess iv. 255 Like the mystic fire on a mast-head. 11 . Heating quality (in liquors, etc.) ; concr. in jocular use, 4 something to warm one \ ardent spirit. Also (see quot. 1819). 1737 Fielding Hist. Reg. 11. Wks. 1882 X. 223 We’ll go lake a little fire, for 'tis confounded cold upon the stage. I 1819 Rees Cycl. s.v. Fire, Also the heat of fermenting sub¬ stances .. has often been called thoir fire. 1851 Thackeray Eng. Hum. ii, [He] was of a cold nature, and needed per¬ haps the fire of wine to warm his blood. 1883 Stevenson Silverado Sq. yj One corner of land after another is tried with one kind of grape after another .. Those lodes and pockets of earth .. that yield inimitable fragrance and soft fire, .still lie undiscovered. 12 . Burning heat produced by disease; fever, in¬ flammation. Also disease viewed as a consuming agency. St. Anthony's fire : erysipelas; also, f wildfire , W ildfi re. J* St. Francis' fire (Spenser): ? = St. Anthony’s fire. c 1386 Chaucer Parsons T. p 427 By the fyr of seint antony or by cancre. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 223 Panaricium is an enpostym. .aboute )> e nail and is swi|>e hoot and. .ful of fier. 1580 Baret^IA'. F 447 S. Antonies fire, ignis sacer. 1580 Blundevil Horsemanship iv. clxv. 69 You must get it [the pellet] out with an instrument .. Then to kill the fire. Take [etc.]. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. iv. 35 The shaking palsey, and Saint Fraunces fire. 1686 Lady Russell Lett. I. xxxvi. 94 Ill of St. Anthony’s fire. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, in. 727 When the thirsty Fire had drunk Their vital Blood. x 737 Bracken Fawicry Impr. (1756) I. 301 The Inflamma¬ tion, which they term Fire. 1843 Sir T. Watson Led. Physic II. lxxxix. 767 Erysipelas .. called .. St. Anthony’s fire. 1866 G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. xxvi. (1878) 460 The unseen fire of disease. 13 . In certain figurative applications of sense i. a. A burning passion or feeling, esp. of love or rage. a 1340 Hamtole Psalter Pro]., ]’:ii . . kyndils fa:re willis wib b e fy re of luf. 1435 Misyn Fire of Lcrve 1 Hampole hys boke has named Inccndium Amoris, bat is to say ‘ be fyer of lufe'. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. 11. i. 68 The wicked fire of lust. 1694 F. Braggk Disc. Parables xii. 408 Rage, and fury, and impatience ..are frequently attended with the epithet of fire. 1780 Cowper Table T. 606 The victim of his own lascivious fires. 1818 Shelley Rev. Islam x. xl, With an inward fire possesst, They raged like homeless beasts. 1859 T ennyson Enid 955 He fain had .. loosed in words of sudden fire the wrath, .that burnt him all within. b. Ardour of temperament; ardent courage or zeal; fervour, enthusiasm, spirit. 1601 Shaks. Jut. C. 1. ii. 177, I am glad that my weake words Haue strucke but thus much shew of fire from Brutus. 1709 Steele Tatter No. 61 Pi Among many Phrases which have crept into Conversation .. [is] that of a Fellow of a great deal of Fire. 1814 Sporting Mag. XL 1 V. 92 Both were full of fire and courage. 1865 Kingsley Herew. xx, Hereward was haranguing them in words of fire. c. Liveliness and warmth of imagination, bright¬ ness of fancy; power of genius, vivacity ; poetic inspiration. 1656 Cowley Pindar. Odes , To Mr. Hobs vi, Nor can the Snow which now cold age does shed Upon thy reverend Head, Quench or allay the noble Fires within. 1680-90 Temple Ess. Poetry Wks. 1731 I. 237 The Poetical Fire was more raging in one, but clearer in the other. 1737 Pope Hor. Ep. 11. i. 274 Corneille’s noble fire. 1847 Ulust. Loud. News 10 July 27/1 As an actress, she has fire and intelligence. 1869 J. Martineau Ess. II. 228 For the poet there is a season of inward fire. 1877 R. W. Dale Led. Preach, i. 26 They have neither the fire of a human genius nor the fire of a Divine zeal. 14 . The action of firing guns, etc.; discharge of fire-arms ; also in phrases, + to give, make (a) fire. To open fire ; to begin firing. Between two fires : lit. and fig. Under fire : within the range of an enemy’s guns. + Weapon of fire = Fire-arm. [The similar use of Y.feu shows that this is not (as is often said) a separate word f. Fire v., but a transferred use of the sb. as it occurs in the phrase to give fire (see 1 f) = F .fairc feu.] 1590 J. Smythe Concern. Weapons 27 Liking the aforesaid weapons of fire, because [etc.]. 1600 Sir John Oldcastle v. ix, Unconstant fate, That hast reserved him from the bullet’s fire. 1657 R* Ligon Barbadoes( 1673) 8 Some of the Soldiers of the Castle gave fire upon them. 1706 Lond. Gaz. No. 4243/1 We made .. great fire all Night with our Cannon. 1709 Steele Tatter No. 80 P 9 The Charge began with the Fire of Bombs and Grenades. 1815 Scott Paul's Lett. (1839) 112 One fi re • • struck down seven men of the square. 1816 Sporting Mag. XLVIII. 237 A learned Barrister was practising a fire at a mark. 1847 Marryat Childr. N. Forest iv, You shall have the first fire. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eug. IV. 280 Most of Mackay’s men had never before been under fire. 1859 F. A. Griffiths Artil. Man. (1862) 248 A direct fire from a battery is when the line of fire is perpendicular to the parapet. 1885 Times 20 Feb. 5/6 He was about to find himself placed between two fires—viz. the Mahdi and the reinforced garrison of Metammeh. fig. 1792 Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 17 If they have received the fire of the grand juries with a good countenance. 1848 Thackeray Gt. Hoggarty Diam. ix, Miss Belinda opening the fire, by saying she understood Mrs. Hoggarty had been calumniating her. b. False fire\ see False a. 14 b. Reverse, running fire : see the adjs. Also transf. Kentish fire, a mode of applauding by ‘ volleys’ of hand¬ clapping, etc. ; see Kentish. c. To hang ; miss fire : see the vbs. B. Fire- in Comb. I. General relations. 1. attributive, a. gen. (sense 1), as fire-chariot, -colour, -crag, -flattie, -flash, -flood ’ -glance, -heat, t -lerne, -ordeal, -storm, -stream ; (sense 3), as fire- beacon, -blaze, -coal, -link, -shine, -signal ; (sense 14), as fire-shock. 1804 Edin. Rev. III. 430 The Amonian *firebeacons. 1605 Verstegan Dec. Intell. iii. (1628) 80 A torch, or as they terrne it a *fire-blase. 1849 Southey Comm.-pi. Bk. II. 391 FIRE. 240 FIRE. Elijah dropping his cloak as the *fire-chariot carries him away. 1640 Witt's Recreations , Epit ., On a Candle , And with it a *fire-coale. a 1672 P. S[terry] Wks. (1710) II. 283 The Fire-Coals, which our Saviour taught his Disciples to cast on their Enemies. 1802 Beddoes Hygeiaw. 17 P. How hot! N. She has been like a fire-coal these two hours. 1811 Pinkerton Petral. II. 96 One pretty large, of the scarce *fire-colour with the purple tinge. 1821 Shelley Prometh. Unb. iv. 333 My cloven *fire-crags. 1817 Cole¬ ridge Sibyl. Leaves (1828) II. 304 The shadows .. By the still dancing *fire-flames made. 1586 Fetherstone (title). Brutish Thunderbolt, or rather Feeble-*Fier-Flash of Pope Sixtus the Fift, against Henrie. .of Navarre. 1632 Lithgow Trav. 1. 35 Earthquakes, thunder, and fire-flashes. 1842 Barham Ingol. Leg., Smuggler's Leap , The fire-flash shines from Reculver cliff. 1821 Joanna Baillie Metr. Leg., Wallace xxvi, To see the ^fire-flood in their rear, a 1835 Mrs. Hemans Poems, League 0/ Alps iv, Where the sun’s red *fire-glance earliest fell. 1823 J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 65 *Fire-heat at 212 0 of Fahrenheit produced detonation, a 1000 Satan 128 (Gr.) "Fyrleoma stod geond J>a;t atolescrasf. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vn. ccxxiv. 250 Many .. vneouthe syghtes were this yere seen in Englonde, as hostis of men fyghtyng in the skye, & fyre lemys. 1579-80 North Plutarch (1676) 884 Tying Torches of *Fire-links unto their horns. 1711 Smaftesb. C/iarac. (1737) III. 41 That new kind of *nre- ordeal. 1871 Rossetti Poems, My sister's sleep v, By vents the "fireslune drove And reddened. 1824 J. Symmons tr. AEschylus' Again. 31 note, This description of the * fire- signals is very finely imagined. 1581 Marbeck Bk. of Notes 478 Helias .. was taken vp into Heauen in a *fire storme. 1811 W. J. Hooker Iceland (1813) II. 142 The ^fire-stream over-ran the southern district. b. Of or pertaining to the worship of fire, as fire-deity,-god> -spirit,-temple. Also Fire-worship, -WORSHIPPER. 1871 Tylor Prim. Cult. II. xvi. 252 A distinct *fire-deity. Ibid. 253 The "Fire-spirit. 1815 Moore Lalla R. (1817) 260 By the "Fire-God’s shrine. 1741 D. Wray in A then. Lett. (1792 ) II. 470 He will, .lay the foundation of a *fire-temple. c. In the names of various receptacles for burn¬ ing fuel, as fire-bag, -basket , - cage, -chauffer. 1843 Portlock Geol. 682 On the outside [of the kiln] .. a niche is formed to receive the fuel, and is called a *fire-bag. 1855 H. Clarke Diet., * Fire-basket, portable grate. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 862/2 * Fire-cage, a skeleton box or basket of iron for holding lighted fuel. 1558 Inv. R. Hynd- mer in Wills Inv. (Surtees) 162, Ij *fyer chavffers. d. Pertaining to the fire of a hearth or furnace, as fire-bellows , - block, - blower; -brush , - cheek , t - cricket, -door, -grate, -nook, -rake, -set, f -stock, -stove. c 1475 Piet. Voc. in Wr.-Wulcker 779 Hoc reposilium, a *fyirbelowys. 1836 F. Mahoney Rel. FatherProutW. (1859) 247, I .. made the kindling *fireblocks shine. 1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 65/1 Patent *Fire Blower, for .. regulating the draught in ordinary grates, a 1745 Swift Direct. Servants, Footman, Clean away the Ashes from betwixt the liars with the *Fire-Brush. 1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 82/1 *Fire Cheeks and Hearths of Marble Mosaic. 1530 Palsgr. 220/2 * Fyre crycket, cricquet. 1859 Rankine Steam Engine § 304 The ^fire-door, which closes the mouth-piece or door¬ way. 1664 Evelyn Kal. Ilort. (1729) 229 Let.. the K Fire-grate stand about three Feet higher than the Floor. 1840 Marry at Poor Jack xlix, I .. went to the fire-grate. 1845 R. W. Hamilton Pop. Educ. ii. (ed. 2) 21 Their huts are seen and their "fire-nooks exposed. 1660 Hexham, Een kam-stock, a * Fire-rake which Brewers and Bakers use. 1855 H. Clarke Diet., * Fire-set, fire-irons, c 1440 Promp. Parz>. 161/2 *Fyyr stok. 1756 Toldervy Hist. Two Orph. III. 205 He came with, .his head into the *fire stove. e. In the names of implements or instruments bearing, containing, or sending fortli fire, as fire- arrow, -cane, -gun, -shaft, -spear, -weapon. 1720 De Foe Capt. Singleton xvii. (1840) 291 They would . .shoot *fire-arrows at you. 1809 NavalChron. XXII. 374 We should indulge them .. with a few shot and shell, not forgetting Congreve’s fire arrows. 1887 Graphic 17 Dec. 662/1 He .. had produced a fire-cane’, which warmed its owner’s hand, and supplied him with lighting for his cigar. 1680 H. More Apocal. Apoc. 88 They let off their -Fireguns and Pistols. 1628 {title), A new invention of Shooting "Fire-Shafts in Long-Bowes. 1549 Compl. Scot. vi. 42 Mak reddy 3our .. *fyir speyris, hail schot, lands, pikkis. 1616 Bingham Tactics s.Elian ii. 25 note. The "fire-weapons haue theire advantages, i860 Hewitt Arte. A rmour Supp. 489 The analogous fire-weapons. f. In the names of various kinds of fireworks, as fire-cracker, + -lance, F -sword, + -target. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, * Fire-cracker. 1634 J. Bate Myst. Nat. «$• Art 11. 89 The description and making of three sorts of *Fire-lances. Ibid. 11. 88 How to make a *fire sword. Ibid. 11. 94 How to make a *Fire-target. g. Pertaining to a conflagration (sense 5), {a) gen. as fire-bell, - drum , -gown, -ladder, -loss, -shell, -telegraph, -watch; (b) used in kindling a confla¬ gration, as fire-bavin, -fagot, -mixture ; (c) con¬ cerned with the extinction of a conflagration, as fire- barrow, -boat,-bucket, -fioat , -main, -marshal (U.S.), -pipe, -pump. 1890 Daily News 9 Jan. 2/5 *Firc barrows and hose were quickly on the spot. 1832 Webster, *Firebavin, a bundle of brush-wood, used in fireships, a 162.6 Middleton Change¬ ling v, Buckets ! ladders ! .. The *fire-beli rings. 1867 Dickens Lett. 22 Dec. (1880) II. 320, I have heard the fire bells dolefully clanging all over the city. 1876 N. Y. Nautical Gaz. in Pract. Mag. VI. 73 An iron "fire-boat. 1585 Higins Junius' Nomenclator 279 Incendiarij siphones .. *Fire buckets. 1844 Dickens Mart. Chuz. xxvii, Rows of fire- buckets for dashing out a conflagration in its first spark. 1814 Scott Wav. xxxiv, A kind of rub-a-dub-dub like that with which the *fire-drum alarms the slumbering artizans. 1828-40 Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) I. 137 Piles of *fire-fagots, mixed with bundles of pitch and flax..were in readiness. 1887 Daily News 18 June 3/5 Five *fire-floats were quickly sent from ships in the harbour. 1874 Mrs. Whitney We Girls xii. 249 Mrs. Hobart has a fire-gown . she made it for a fire, or for illness, or any night-alarm. 1832 Examiner 700/1 It was 20 minutes., before the *fire-Tadders were brought. 1891 Daily News 30 Nov. 5/4 A professional *fire- loss assessor. 1855 H. Clarke Diet., * Fire-main, water- pipe for occasions of conflagration. 1894 Stead If Christ came to Chicago 295 *Fire-Marshal Swenie has remained in command of the firemen for many years. 1855 Hewitt Anc. Armour I. 90 These early * fire-mixtures, c 1865 Ld. Brougham in Circ. Sc. I. Introd. 6 Water .. forced out of a pump, or from a *fire-pipe. 1892 Pall Mall G. 9 Feb. 2/1 The *fire-pump .. has a throwing power of sixty feet above the highest pinnacle of the hotel, a 1818 M. G. Lewis Jrnl. W. Did. (1834) 70 A *fire-shell is blown, and all the negroes ..hasten to give their assistance. 1694 Acc. Sweden 27 There is also a "Fire-Watch by Night. 1673 F. Kirkman Unlucky Citizen A iij b, The next year 1666 being the "Fire year, 2. objective (sense 1), as fire-bringer, -spewer, -striker, -user; fire-bearing, -belching, -breathing, -darting, -foaming, -resisting, - spitting, -using adjs.; (sense 3), as fire-holder, -keeper, -kindler, -trimmer; fire-making vbl. sb. ; fire-kindling vbl. sb. and adj.; (sense 5), as fire-annihilator, -extin¬ guisher, -extinguishing, -quencher, -quenching. 1849 Mech. Mag. LI. 424 The so-called *Fire Annihilator of Mr. Phillips. 1853 Gbote Greece 11. Ixxxiv. XI. 153 They set fire to the city..with *fire-bearing arrows. 1591 Syl¬ vester Du Bartas 1. iv. 22 Their * Fire-breathing Horses. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. vi. i. 267 On a sudden .. rises Sansculottism, many-headed, fire-breathing. 1594 Marlowe & Nashe Dido 1. i, Exhal’d with thy *fire-darting beanies. 1769 Goldsm. Hist. Rome (1786) I. 199 The fire-darting eyes of the Romans. 1849 Mech. Mag. Li. 381 The patentee next describes a portable *fire-extinguisher. 1876 N. Y. Nautical Gaz. in Pract. Mag. VI. 73 This boat and her ^fire-extin¬ guishing apparatus deserve detailed description. 1565 Golding Ovid's Met. 11. (1593) 31 His *fier-foming steedes . .They take from manger trimly dight. 1872 H. W. Taunt Map Thames 49/1 A frying-pan, pot, and kettle, all to fit a *fireholder. 1881 Greener Gun (ed. 2) 45 These fire- holders were usually attached to the girdle. 1873 L. Wal¬ lace Fair God v. iv. 278 When my sword is at the throats of the *fire-keepers [of an Aztec temple]. 1643 [Angier] Lane. Vail. Achor 21 To darken and smother the *fire- kindlers. 1849 E. C. Orr£ tr. Humboldt's Cosmos II. 508 note, The ‘ fire-kindler’, Prometheus. Ibid., The "fire¬ kindling Titan on the Caucasus. 1884 Q. Victoria More Leaves 107 Brown begged I would drink to the ** fire-kind¬ ling ’. c 1386 Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. <8- T. 369 Som sayd it was long on the *fuyr-makyng. 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Man. ix. 228 The art of fire-making. 1690 Norris Beatitudes (1692) 178 The business of a * Fire-quencher, who .. may .. rescue the pile of building from the devouring Flames. 1718 J. Chamberlayne Relig. Philos. (1730) II. xvii. § 25 The Pumps in a ^Fire-quenching Engine. 1612 Sturtevant Metallica (1854) 116 Maintained with such - fier-resisting meanes that it cannot possibly melte or burne down. 1850 Chubb Locks § Keys 24 Safes which were sold as fire-resist¬ ing. 1483 Cath. Angl. 132/1 A *Fire spewer, igniuomus. 1631 T. Fuller David's Heinous Sin xxxix, * Fire-spitting cannons. leg^Cath. Angl. 132/1 A *Fire Stryker, fugillator. 1891 Daily News 26 Sept. 2/5 Prisoner and Jensen joined the ship, .as *fire-trimmers. 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Man. ix. 235 Any known race of *fire-users. 1862 D. Wilson Preh. Man v. (1865) 82 Man is peculiarly *fire-using. 3 . instrumental, locative, and originative, as fire- baptism; fire-armed, -baptized, -bellied, -born, -burn¬ ing; -burnt, -clad, + -coached, -cracked, -crowned, -footed, -gilt, + -given, -hardened, -hoofed, -lighted, -lipped, -lit, -marked, -mouthed, -pitted, -robed, -scarred, -scathed, -seamed, -warmed, -wheeled, -winged adjs. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. i. 1. Eden 249 A "fire-arm’d Dragon. 1682 Dryden & Lee Dk. of Guise in. i, I’ll meet him now, though fire-armed cherubins Should cross my way. 1831 Carlyle Sart. Res. 11. vii, My Spiritual New-birth, or Baphometic *Fire-baptism. Ibid. 11. viii, The "fire-baptized soul, .here feels its own Freedom. 1892 Daily News 5 May 5/4 The little ‘*fire-bellied toad’, of. .poisonous properties. 1846 R. Chambers Vestiges Creat. vi. (ed. 5) 95 The numer¬ ous upbursts and intrusions of *fire-born rock, c 1275 Death 216 in O. E. Misc. (1872) 180 Swo he me wule for-swolehen e *fur-berninde drake, c 1290 J?. Eng. Leg. I. 290/86 *Fur- arnd he was }?oru Iuggemont. 1573 Twyne AEneid xi. Kkiij, Poales of length firebrent at end. 1615 Sylvester Hymne Aimes 55 The * Fire-Coach t Prophet. 1836-48 B. D. Walsh Aristoph., Acharnians iv. ii, It rings With a harsh jar, like *fire-cracked things. 1870 Tennyson Window 151 The *fire-crown’d king of the wrens. 1565 Golding Ovid's Met. 11. (1593) 39 My *firefooted horse. 1613 Chapman Rev. Bussy D'Ambois Plays 1873 II. 148 Hee draue as if a fierce and -fire-giuen Canon Had spit his iron vomit out amongst them. 1627 May Lucan hi. 536 (1635) E iij b, Stakes, and *fire harden’d oaks. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. 11. 393 Those *fire-hooft steeds. 1850 Lynch Theo . Trin. v. 80 A .. -fire-lighted room. 1839 Bailey Festus iv. (1848) 33 Mountain, and wood, and wild, and -fire- lipped hill/ 1849 Miss Mulock Ogilvics (1875) T09 The pleasant *fire-lit room. 1705 Lond. Gaz. No. 4114/4 A brown Mare..-fire-marked 1 . 1 , in the near Buttock. 1590 Spenser F. Q. 1. ix. 52 That *fire-mouth’d Dragon. 1759 Mountaine in Phil. Trans. LI. 290 The sheets.. [were] scorched and *fire-pitted in like manner. 1611 Shaks. Wint. T. iv. iv. 29 The *Fire-roab’d-God Golden Apollo. 1853 Kingsley Hypatia xiii. 147 A doleful *fire-scarred tower. 1848 Mrs. Jameson Sacr. <5- Leg. Art (1850) 64 Swarthy red, as if ■^fire-scathed. 1815 Milman Fazio (1821) 79 Thy..^fire- seamed visage. 1856 Kane A ret. Expl. I. xv. 173 Our only ^fire-warmed apartment. 1822 Milman Martyr of A ntioch 121^ His -fire-wheel’d throne. 1591 Sylvester Du Bartas 1. ii. 656 Then like a Squib it falls, Or *fire-wing'd shaft. 1826 Milman A. Bolcyn (1827) 41 The fire-wing’d ministers of Heaven’s just wr^th, b. In names of occupations, processes, etc., carried on by the aid of fire, as fire-hunt, f -trade; fire fish - ing, -gilding,-hunting, -offering,-polishing, -silver¬ ing vbl. sbs. Also forming verbs, as fire-hollow, -hunt. 1831 J. Holland Manitf. Metal I. 295 Persons employed in ^fire-gilding. 1864 Tennyson Eft. Ard. 570 Enoch’s comrade . .*Fire-hollowing this in Indian fashion, fell Sun- stricken. 1852 Haliburton Traits Amer. Humor III. 171 The * fire-hunt was Sam’s hobby. 1814 Sporting Mag. XLIV. 62 The method of approaching .. the red deer .. by means of *fire-hunting them. 1885 T. Roosevelt Hunting Trips v. 158 Fire-hunting is never tried in the cattle country, c 1870 J. G. Murphy Comm. Lev. i. 9 A *fire-ofTering; a firing, or offering made by fire. 1849 Pellatt Curios. Glass Making 31 By rewarming, technic¬ ally called *fire polishing, the glass preserves its refractive brilliancy. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. Democr. to Rdr. (1657) 63 *Fire-trades, as Smiths, Forge-men [etc.]. 4 . parasynthetic and similative, as firc-a?/gry, -burning, -flowing, -like, -opalescent, -souled, -spirited, -swift adjs. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxii. 476, I am well sure that Charlemagne shall wexe *fyre angry for it. 1562 Cooper Austu. Priv. Masse (Parker Soc.) 66 But your scalding hot and *fireburning charity may be more justly charged with the continuance thereof. 1820 Shelley Vis. Sea 19 Like whirlpools of *fire-flowing iron. 1567 Maplet Gr. Forest 56 The Peare tree, .is called Pyrus, for that it is in his fashion and kinde of growth, Piramidall or *firelike. 1875 T ennyson Q . Mary I. v, I’ll have it burnish'd firelike. 1882 Myers N ns rival of Youth, etc. 94 *Fire-opalescent wilderness ! 1876 Swinburne Erechth. (ed. 2) 47 Wrath of a *fire-souled king. 1839 Bailey Festus xvii. (1848) 159 Things hidden, seen alone by eyes y Fire-spirited. 1876 Swinburne Erechth. (ed. 2) 16 *Fire-swift wheels That whirl the four-yoked chariot. II. Special comb. 5 . fire-action, the action of firing, esp. skirmish¬ ing in line; fire-adjuster (see quot.) ; fire-alarm, an automatic arrangement by which notice of fire is given, also attrib. ; f fire-amel, enamel pro¬ duced by fire ; fire-ant (see quots.) ; fire-back, (a) the back wall of a furnace or fire-place ; (b) a pheasant of the genus Euplocamus ( E. ignitus ), hence Jirc-backed adj. {Cent, diet.); fire-balloon, a balloon whose buoyancy is derived from the heat of a flaming combustible suspended at its mouth; fire - bank (see quot.) ; fire - barrel, a cylinder filled with combustibles, used in fire-ships; fire¬ bar, one of the iron bars of a grate or of a boiler furnace; fire-beater (for - beeter: see Beet v. II) dial ., a stoker; fire-bill (see quot.); fire-blast, a disease of certain plants, giving them a scorched appearance ; fire-blight, a disease of hops ; fire- board, ( a ) a board used to close up a fireplace in summer, a chimney board; ( b ) (see quot. 1883); fire-boat — Fire-ship i ; fire-bolt, a thunder¬ bolt; hence fire-bolted adj., struck with lightning; + fire-bome (?borne = Bomb sb. 1), a beacon; fire-boom Naut. (see quot. 1867) ; fire-boss {US.) Mining (see quot.; cf. Fireman 5); fire- bottle, an early application of phosphorus for the purpose of fire -1 ighting; fire-break (U.S.), a cleared space round a homestead, a village, etc. to guard against prairie fires ; fire-brick, a brick capable of withstanding intense heat without fusion, also attrib.; fire-bridge (see quot. 1874) ; + fire-brief, a circular letter asking assistance for sufferers by fire ; fire-brigade, an organized body of firemen ; f fire-broil, the heat of a conflagra¬ tion ; fire-bug {US.), an incendiary; + fire-cane (see quot. 1644) ; fire-cask, a cask of water, pro¬ vided as a resource against fire on board ship; fire-chamber (see quot.); + fire-chemise (see quot.) ; fire-churn = fire-drill ; fire-clay, a clay capable of resisting great heat, used for fire-bricks, etc.; fire-club, j" (a) a kind of firework ; (b) US. a club of firemen (?) ; fire-cock, a cock or spout to give water to extinguish a fire ; + fire-coffer, a kind of fireship ; fire-company, ( a ) a fire-brigade; [b) a fire insurance company; fire-crook = F’ire- hook ; fire-department, ( a ) the department in an insurance office which deals with insurances against fire; {b) US. a body of firemen ; fire-dog = And¬ iron ; -f fire-dragon = F’ire-drake ; fire-drill, the name given by Tylor to a primitive contrivance, consisting of an obtuse-pointed stick which is twirled between the hands with the point in a hole in a flat piece of soft wood till fire is produced ; hence fire-drilling vbl. sb.; fire-edge, lit. the edge of a weapon hardened in the fire ; hence fig. (now only dial.) fire, spirit, ‘ freshness ’ ; fire-escape, an ap¬ paratus for facilitating the escape of persons ’from a building on fire ; fire-fan, (a) a small hand fire¬ screen {obs.); (/') (see quot. 1874) ; fire-fiend, (a) fire personified as an evil spirit of destruction ; {b) a fire-god ; {c) an incendiary {colloq.) ; + fire-fit a., fit for burning; fire-flag, {a) a meteoric flame; {b) a flag of distress, when a ship is on - fire; fire- FIRE. 241 FIRE. flair, the sting-ray, Trygon Pastitiaca or Raia raslinaca ; + fire-flyer, a kind of firework ; fire- free a., safe from fire, fire-proof; fire-grappling, a grappling iron with which to capture fireships; fire-guard, a wire frame or semicircular railing put in front of a fireplace, to keep children or others from accidental injury; also a grating placed before the bars of a fire to prevent the coals from falling out; fire-hole, (a) a furnace; ( b ) (see quot. 1 S35) ; + fire-hoop, a hoop made of brushwood steeped in tar, etc., set on fire and thrown into an enemy’s ship ; fire-hose, a hose-pipe for conveying water to a fire; fire-insurance, insurance against losses by fire; also attrib .; fire-isle, a volcanic island ; fire-junk, a kind of fireship ; fire-king, {a) fire personified as a monarch; ( b) a champion fire-eater ; fire-lamp, Mining, a basket of burning coals used (a) to give light to banksmen where gas is not used, (b) to create a draught; fire-lighter, (a) one who kindles a fire ; ( b) material for light¬ ing fires ; fire-lute, a composition or lute capable of resisting great heat; fire-maker, one who lights or makes fire or a fire; fire-marble, Min. — Lu- machel ; fire-mark, the mark left by a branding- iron ; fire-measure = Pyrometer ; fire-money, a payment for firing at school; t fire-night, a night round the fire-side ; fire-opal, a variety of opal showing flame-coloured internal reflections ; fire- piece, (a) = Fire-arm ; (b) a picture having as its subject a fire ; fire-pile, a pile of wood on which a person is burnt to death, or a corpse is cremated; fire-plug, a contrivance for connecting a hose, or the supply-pipe of a fire-engine, with a water-main in case of fire ; fire-policy, the official certificate received from an insurance office, guaranteeing the payment of a certain sum in the case of loss of property by fire; fire-porr, fire-prong dial., a poker; fire-raft, a raft for setting an enemy’s shipping on fire ; fire-roll ( Naut.), a peculiar beat of the drum on an alarm of fire ; fire-room, a room containing a fire-place; + fire-salt a., pungently salt; fire-setting, the softening or cracking of the working-face of a lode, to facilitate excavation, by exposing it to a wood fire built close against it (Raymond Mining Gloss.)'; -(- fire- snort a., sending forth fire through the nose; fire- spout, a jet of volcanic fire (cf. waterspout) ; fire- sprit {dial.) = Fire-brand ; j* fire-spy, one who is on the look out for a fire; fire-steel (see quot.) ; fire-stick, {a) a burning brand ; (b) = fire-drill; fire-stink, Mining (see quot. 1881); fire-swab {Naut.), the wet bunch of rope-yarn used to cool a gun in action and swab up any grains of powder ; fire-swart a., •)* {a) blackening with fire ; {b) blackened by fire; fire-syringe, a piston and cylinder employed to produce combus¬ tion by means of the heat resulting from the com¬ pression of air ; fire-teazer, a stoker; fire-tile, a tile capable of resisting great heat; fire-tower, {a) a tower with a beacon on its top, serving the purpose of a light-house; (b) a watch-tower to guard against fires in towns ; fire-trap, a place with insufficient means of egress in case of fire; fire-tree, {a) a kind of firework ; {b) = flame-tree ; {c) in New Zealand the Metrosideros tomentosa {Cent. Diet.) ; + fire-trunk, (a) a kind of projectile or ‘ fire-work ’; {b) Naut. (see quots.); fire-tube, a pipe-flue; fire-vessel, {a) a receptacle for fire, a fire¬ pan; {b) =Fire-ship; fire-ward, -warden, U.S. the chief officer of a fire-brigade; + fire-water- work, the name given by the Marquess of Worcester to a rude steam-engine which he invented; fire- well (see quot.); + fire-wheel, a kind of fire-work, a catherine-wheel; fire-worm, {a) = Fire-fly; {/>) a glow-worm ; fire-wreath = fire-hoop. 1875 Clery Min. Tact. ix. 100 *Fire-action was the actual means of victory. 1882 Sala Amer. Revis. (1885) 229 note , A ‘"Fire Adjuster’ is a gentleman, .who is continually.. 4 adjusting ’ claims for losses by fire. 1849 Mech. Mag. LI. 425 A difficulty which has proved fatal to all our *fire alarms. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 849/2 Fire-alarm Tele¬ graph. 1423 J as. I Kingis Q. xlviii, Hir nek, quhite as the *fyre amaille. 1796 Stedman Surinam II. xx. 91 Small emmets, called here *fire-ants, from their painful biting. 1863 Bates Nat. Amazon ix. (1864) 241 Fire-ants ( formiga de fogo) under the floors. 1862 Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist., Birds 613 The very handsome *Fireback is an Asiatic bird, inhabiting Sumatra. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 862/1 Fire-bcick. 1822 Imison Sc. Art I. 170 *Fire-balloons, or those raised by heated air. 1847 Tennyson Princ. Prol. 74 A fire-balloon Rose gem-like. 1888 J. Payn Alyst. Mir - bridge ix, A fire-balloon which he had sent up on a Guy Fawkes’ Day. 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining, *Fire- baitk, a spoil-bank which takes fire spontaneously. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 13 A course sort of Iron, .fit for *Fire- bars. 1844 Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. III. 312 The fuel is spread over a large surface of fire-bar [in a furnace!. 1881 F. Campin Mech. Engineering xii. 168 At a are fire-bars forming the VOL. IV. grate. 1704 Lond. Gas. No. 4082/3 Throwing down *Fire- Barrels. 1883 Mattch. Guardian 17 Oct. 5/2 A determined attempt was made by a *firebeater . to murder his wife. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., * Fire-bill, the distribution of the officers and crew in the case of the alarm of fire. 1727 Desaguuers in Phil. Trans. XXXIV. 269 *Fire-Blasts .. may be occasion’d by Solar Rays reflected from, or condens’d by Clouds. 1824 Forsyth Fruit Trees xxvii. 373 This is what is called a fire-blast. 1750 Ellis Mod. Husbandm. IV. 1. vi. 74 They [hops] are subject to the . .*Fire-blight, and the Mould or Dwindle. 1855 H. Clarke Diet., * Fire- board. chimney-board. 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining, Fire-board, a piece of board with the-word Jire painted upon it. .to caution men and lads not to take a naked light beyond it. 1885 A. T. Slosson in Harpers Mag. Apr. 804/1 There was a. .fire-place, but it was closed by a fire- board. 1826 Mrs. Shelley Last man II. ii. 51 *Fire-boats were launched from the various ports. 1583 Stanyhurst AEneis, etc. (Arb.) 137 A clapping *fyerbolt (such as oft, with rownce robel hobble, Ioue toe the ground clattreth). 1832 Bryant Hurricafie 37 As the fire-bolts leap to the world below. 1839 Bailey Festus (1848) 16/2 The root of oak *firebolted. c 1440 Promp. Parz>. 29 Beekne or *fyre- bome, far (pharus P.). 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789), In which sense it [boute dehors ] is usually called * fire-boom. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., Fire-booms, long spars swung out from a ship’s side to prevent the approach of fire-ships, .or vessels accidentally on fire. 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal Alining , * Fire-bosses (U.S. A.), under¬ ground officials who examine the mine for gas, and inspect every safety-lamp taken into the colliery. 1823 J. Bad- cock Dom. Amusem. 122 A most useful application of phosphorus .. is the art of making the *fire bottle, that affords immediate light. 1885 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 26 Sept. 4/1 Fears are entertained for the safety of the town, and teams are out plowing "fire-breaks around it. 1793 Trans. Soc. Enconrag. Arts IV. 123 Let the whole of the cylinder ..be lined with *fire bricks. 1865 Daily Tel. 21 Oct. 5/1 The fire-brick footway. 1854 Ronalds & Richardson Chem. Technol. I. 263 Admitting a current of air behind, or through the *fire-bridge. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 862/2 Fire¬ bridge, a plate or wall at the back of the furnace to. .prevent the fuel being carried over, a 1643 W. Cartwright On the Great Frost 51 We laugh at *fire-Briefs now, although they be Commended to us by his Majesty. 1838 Penny Cycl. X. 279 Within a few years the firemen belonging to the different insurance companies in London have been formed into a body—the *Fire Brigade. 1583 Stanyhurst AE)ieis in. (Arb.) 75 Then my holye domesticall housgods, In last nights *fyrebroyls, that from Troy skorched I saulued. 1872 O. W. Holmes Poet Break/.-t. i. (1885) 7 Political ^firebugs we call ’em. 1883 Pall Mall G. 6 Sept. 12/r It is believed there exists an organized band of ‘firebugs’. 1644 Digby 2 Treat. 1. xvii. 147 Indian canes (.. called *firecanes), being rubbed with some other sticke of the same nature,.. will of themselues sett on fire. 1670 Lassels Voy. Italy I. Pref., They bring home nothing but firecanes, parots, and Monkies. 1804 A. Duncan Alarhier's Chron. III. 101 The only article we now wanted was water. I recollected the *fire-cask in the mizen-chains. 1859 Rankine Steam E?igine § 303 In the External Furnace Boiler, the furnace or "fire-chamber is wholly outside of.. the water vessel or boiler. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 863/1 Fire-chamber {Puddling), the chamber at the end of the puddling-furnace. 1727-41 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Chemise, * Fire-Chemise is a piece of linen cloth, steeped in a composition of .. combus¬ tible matters ; used at sea, to set fire to the enemy’s vessel. 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Man. ix. 253 Churning fiercely at the *fire-churn. 1819 Rees Cycl. s.v., A very excellent *fire- clay. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 309 The radiating power of the small barrack grate is aided .. by a fireclay back. 1634 J. Bate Myst. Nat. Art 11. 92 The description and making of two sorts of *Fire-clubs. 1826 Cushing Newburyport Pref., The fire-clubs and engine societies [of the town]. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Cockayne Wks. (Bohn) II. 67 To carry the boisterous dulness of a fire-club into a polite circle. 1707 Act 6 A?ine c. 58 § 1 To the Intent such Plugs or *Fire Cocks may always upon Occasion of any Fire be opened. 1844 Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. III. 318 In enclosed premises .. firecocks are much to be preferred [to plugs]. 1804 Naval Chron. XII. 331 Four *Fire-coffers filled with combustibles. 1832 Webster, * Fire- company, a company of men for managing an engine to ex¬ tinguish fire, a 1668 Davenant Siege Rhodes (1673) 20 The *Fire-crooks are too short l 1855 H. Clarke Diet., *Fire de¬ partment, body of firemen. 1840 Dickens Bami. Rudge x, The *fire-dogs in the common room. 1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 3 In the ayre was sene *fyere draggons and sprettes flyenge. 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Alan. ix. 228 The use of the *fire-drill. Ibid. 237 It comes much nearer than ‘^fire-drilling’ to the yet simpler process of striking fire with two pieces of split bamboo. 1614 Markham Cheap Husb. 1. ii. (1668) 29 [To put a horse to these lessons] after his *fireedge is taken away, will but bring him to a loathing of his instruction, a 1684 Leighton Comm. 1 Pet. (ed. Valpy) 388 Blunt that fire-edge upon your own hard.. hearts. 1878 Cumberld. Gloss., 4 He gallop't his laal nag till t’ fire edge was off.’ 1788 Specif. Du/ours Patent No. 1652. 1 A Machine called a *Fire escape. 1832 Examiner 678/1 They.. rush to the fire-escapes, a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, *Fire-fan?is, little Hand-Skreens for the Fire. 1706 Collier Rejl. Ridic. 43 They praise, .the Fire-Fan that is offer’d them. 1874 Knight Diet. Alech. I. 867/2 Fire-fan, a small blast apparatus adapted to a portable forge. 1815 Moore LallaR. (1817)251 ’Tishe. .The fellest ofthe*Fire- fiends’ brood. 1595 Chapman Ovid's Batiq. Sence Cj b, That lye like *fire-fit blocks. 1798 Coleridge Anc. Mar. v. vi, A hundred *fire-fiags sheen. 1879 Ann. Reg. 22 The red ensign reversed (fire-flag) was run up. a 1705 Ray Syn. Alethod. Piscium (1713) 24 Pastinaca marvia .. the *Fire- Flaire. 1861 J. Couch Brit. Fishes (1862) I. 74 The Tor¬ pedo and Fire flair have soft and sweet flesh. 1799 G. Smith Laboratory I. 30 Charges for *fire-flyers and wheels. 1650 Fuller Pisgah 11. v. 122 So firefree they could not be burned. 1853 Sir H. Douglas AJilit. Bridges (ed. 3) 111 Light boats were constantly kept in readiness, with *fire- grapplings, to meet and anchor anything that might be drifted down the stream. 1852 Burn Nav. $ Mil. Tech. Fr. Diet. 11. 96 * Fire-guard. 1823 P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 362 The *fire-hole, or furnace. 1835 Sir J. C. Ross Narr. 2nd Toy. Explan. Terms p. xvi, Fire-hole , a hole in the ice, kept t>pen in order to obtain water to extinguish fire. 1876 Davis Polaris Exp. ix. 217 The crew, .had been em¬ ployed in. .keeping the lire-hole open. 1585 Higins Junius' Nomenclator 279 Alalleoli .. *fire hoopes. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Fire-hoops. 1883 Century Alag .XXVII. 33 The stream might have played, like a *fire-hose, on the Toll House roof. 1822 Lond. Directory 6 Norwich Union *fire-insurance Society. 1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law vii. 45 A word of advice about your Fire I n- surance. 1818 Shelley Rev. Islam vii. viii. 8 From the *fire-isles came he. 1884 Chr. World 28 Aug. 641/3 The burning gunboats and *fire-junks. 1829 Carlyle A fisc. (1857) II. 101 The Birmingham *Fire-king has visited the fabulous East. 1861 Leisure H. 17 Oct. 661 Thus aided [by the wind], the fire-king marched victoriously from east to west. 1876 Chamb. Jrnl. 11 Nov. 733 The fire-king de¬ voured flaming brimstone by way of dessert. 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining, * Fire-lamp. 1779 Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. (1780) 127/1 Will, .the Clerks, or even the *fire- lighter come to prove it ? 1758 Elaboratory laid open Introd. 51 The *fire-lute. 1710 Palmer Proverbs 61 Even from the *fire-makers and necessary-women, to the groom of the stole. 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Man. ix. 228 The wide-spread legends of first fire-makers. 1816 W. Phillips Min. (1818) 97 It has obtained the name of *Fire marble, a 1661 Holy- day Juvenal 253 What learns his Son, who does .. *Fire- marks,and Country-jails with joy admire ? 1690 Lond. Gaz. No. 2571/4 Lost, .a brown Gelding .. a Flower-de-luce Fire mark on the near Hip. 1833 N. Arnott Physics II. 115 The apparatus has been called Wedgewood’s Pyrometer, or *fire-measure. 1721 in Picton IP pool Alunic. Rcc. (1886) II. 74 All gratuities. .such as entrance money, cockpenny, *fire money,and quarteridge. 1653 NodesHibernae i. 3 Some have learned more of their Teacher, .on a ^fire-night, than sitting at the desk all the day. 1816 R. Jameson Char. Alin. 1 .238 Third Sub-species, *Fire Opal. 1738 [G. Smith] Curious Relat. II. 358 Twenty-seven Foresters, with *Fire-Pieces in their Arms. 1775 J. Wright Let. in Athenaeum 10 July (1886) 56/3 A report that I paint fire-pieces admirably. 1664 H. More Myst. I nig. xv. 167 Multitudes, .martyred, .either at one common *fire-pyle, or else in barns and dwelling- houses. 1863 Blackw. Alag. Sept. 292 Hercules . .who has ascended from the fire-pile to the Nectar Hall of Olympus. 1713 Lond. Gas. No. 5116/11 Scarcity of Water, occasion’d by the want of *Fire-I J lugs in the Street. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop xx, The pony looked with great attention into a fire¬ plug which was near him. 1855 Ogilvie Suppl., *Fire- policy. 1558 Inv. R. Hyndmcr in Wills # Inv. (Surtees) 162 A ■ fyer porre, a payre of tonges [etc.]. 1855 Whitby Gloss., F'ire-porr. 1568 Inventory W. Strickland in Rich¬ mond Wills 4- Inv. (Surtees) 222 A *fyer pronge. 1776 T. Jefferson Lett. Writ. 1893 II. 83 One of the two ^fire-rafts .. grappled the Phoenix ten minutes. 1844 H. H. Wilson Brit, hidia III. 52 To .. destroy any armed boats or fire- rafts they might meet with. 1830 Marryat King's Own lii, He desired the *‘ fire-roll ’ to be beat by the drummer. 1805 Forsyth Beauties Scotl. (1806) III. 123 One wing of a new castle, .in which there are between fifty and sixty *fire- rooms. 1650 Fuller Pisgah 11. xii. 246 Partly because the water hereof was salt with a witness, *fire-salt, as I may say. 1611 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. iv. in. Schisme 629 The * fire- snort Palfreys. 1794 Sullivan View Nat. II. 184 Three *fire-spouts broke out. 1811 W. J. Hooker Iceland (1813) II. 128 Several fire-spouts were distinctly seen. 1848 C. Bronte J. Eyre (1857) 267, I have seen what a *fire-sprit you can be when you are indignant. 1676 C. Hatton in Hatton Corr. (1878) 141 One of my L d Craven’s *fire-spyes. 1585 Higins Junius' Nomenclator 244 Igniarium .. a *fire- steele wherewith to strike fire out of a flint, c 1300 Havelok 966 Was it nouth worth a *fir sticke. 1587 Golding De Alomay xi. 158 The babe, who thinkes his Nurce does him wrong .. when sometimes shee plucks a firestick from him. 1794-^6 E. Darwin Zoon. (1801) 1 .30 If a fire-stick be whirled round in the dark. 1833 Sturt Exped. S. Australia I. iii. 105 Several carried fire-sticks. 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Alan. ix. 238 For many years, flint and steel could not drive it [the fire-drill] out of use among the natives, who went on carrying every man his fire-sticks. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., * Fire-stink, the stench from decomposing iron pyrites, caused by the formation of sulphuretted hydrogen. 1855 Ogilvie Suppl., * Fire-swab, a 1000 Crist 984 (Gr.) FaereS affter foldan *fyrswearta leg. a 1849 W. Taylor in Southey Comm.-pl. Bk. IV. 93 Thy shatter’d fire-swart hall. 1863 Tyndall Heat i. 13 The *fire syringe. 1827 Westm. Rez>. VII. 279 The..*fire-teazer who holds the soul of the steam¬ boat. .in his hands. 1843 Mill Logic I. 1. iv. § 1. 105 The fire-teazer of a modern steam-engine. 1854 Ronalds & Richardson Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 348 The under-surface of the cylinder being protected by *fire tiles from the direct and too powerful action of the fire. 1827 G. Higgins Celtic Druids Pref. 46 They have of late obtained the names in general of *fire towers. 1887 Spectator 28 May 722/2 The building appears to have been a regular *fire-trap. 1801 Strutt Sports 4- Past. iv. iii. 332 Exhibitions .. consisting chiefly in *fire-trees, jerbs, and rockets. 1639 J. C[ruso] A rt of Warre 154 To make a ^fire-trunk. Take a piece of light wood, .bore it through, .with a hole of an inch in diameter ;.. place at the one end an half pike. .To charge the trunk, put a charge of beaten powder in the bottome [etc.]. 1687 J. Richards Jrnl. Siege Buda 26 Stones, Granadoes, Arrows, Bullets, and Fire-Trunks. 1769 Falconer Did. Marine (1789), Sausisson, the trough, .which communicates the flame from the train to the fire-trunks or powder-barrels in a fire¬ ship. 1830 Falconer s Did. Marine, Fire-trunks are wooden funnels fixed in fire-ships under the shrouds, to convey the flames to the masts, rigging, and sails. 1855 H. Clarke Did., * Fire-tube. 1382 Wyclif Ex. xxvii. 3 Toonges, and hokes, and *fyer vessels. 1827 Examiner 723/2 The Dart¬ mouth sending a boat to one of the fire-vessels. 1763 J. Adams Diary Feb. Wks. 1850 II. 144 Collectors,'wardens, *fire-wards, and representatives, are regularly chosen. 1832 Webster, Fire-ward, Firewarden. 1663 Mrq. Worcester Cent. Inv. Index, A *Fire Water-work 68. 1879 Geikie in Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) X. 250/1 Emanations of carburetted hydrogen, which, when they take fire, are known as ^Fire- wells. 1634 J. Bate Myst. Nat. 4- Art 11.77 How to make Gironells or *fire wheeles. 1799 G. Smith Laboratory I. 27 The fire wheels that are used on land, turn upon an iron pin or bolt, drawn or screwed into a post. 1567 Maplet Gr. Forest iii Another which is called the *fier Worme, & semeth as it were to be a kinde of Spider. 1821 Byron 31 FIRE. 242 FIRE. Cain ii. i, I have seen the fire-flies and fire-worms. 1639 J. C[ruso] Art of IVarre 93 Fire-balls, granadoes, *fire- wreathes, and fire-trunks. 1862 H. Marryat Year in Sweden II. 346 note l Fire-arrows shot from the bows, as well as fire-wreaths cast into the vessels of the enemy. b. In various plant-names, as fire-bush, (see quot.) ; fire-grass dial., parsley piert (Alchemilla aj'vejisis), so called because used as a remedy for erysipelas (J. Smith, Bom. Bot. 1871) ; fire-leaves, (a) Plantago media; (b) Scabiosa succisa ; fire- pink (see quot.); fire-weed, applied to various plants (see quots.) that spring up on burnt land. 1882 Garden 13 May 322/2 The *Fire Bush (Embothrium coccincuni) .. which thrives so well in .. Devonshire, i860 Gard. Chron. 11 Aug. 738 * Fire-leaves. In Gloucestershire the name is given to the leaves of Plantains; and we have heard it in Herefordshire used for the Scabiosa succisa (Devil's bit). 1882 Garden 6 May 307/2 The *Fire Pink (Silene virginica ).—The flowers of this Catchfly are unsur¬ passed as regards brilliancy by those of any other plant. 1792 J. Belknap Hist. New-Hampsh. III. 133 No other culture being necessary .. but the cutting of the *fire- weed. 1829 Loudon Encycl. Plants 706 Senecio hieraci- folius.. in North America, as S. vulgaris in Europe .. is known by the name of the Fire-weed. 1857THOREAU Maine IV. (1894) 350 There were great fields of fire-weed (Epilo- blnm angustifolium) on all sides. 1861 Miss Pratt Flcnver. PI. II. 104 In Virginia, the Thorn-Apple is called Fire weed. 1866 Treas. Bot ., Firewecd , an American name for Erech- t/iites hieracifolia. 1892 R. Kipling in Times (weekly ed.) 24 Nov. 13/3 The fire-weed glows in the centre of the drive¬ ways. c. In provincial or local names of birds and insects, as fire-crest, the golden-crested wren (Re guilts ignicapillus '); also fire-crested wren ; fire-flirt, the redstart (Ruticillaphamicurus); fire- hang-bird, the Baltimore oriole (see Fire-bird) ; fire-tail, (a) the redstart; ( b ) a small finch-like bird of Tasmania ; also, fire-tailed finch ; (c) (see quot. 1868). 1885 Swainson Prov. Names Birds 229 *Fire crest. Ibid. 13 Redstart .. *Fire flirt. 1855 Lowell Let. to Stillman 21 May, The linnets, catbirds, *fire hang-birds, and robins. 1802 G. Montagu OtviWi. Diet. (1833) 412 *Fire-tail .. the Redstart. 1865 Gould Hdbk. Birds Australia I. 406 Zonxginthus bellus , Fire-tailed Finch .. Fire-tail. 1867 Cornh. Mag. XV. 593 ‘ There’s a firetail ’, said the boy. 1868 Wood Homes without H. xxv. 481 Those splendid insects which are popularly called Ruby-tailed Flies or Fire- tails and scientifically are termed Chrysididce. Fire (foki),^. 1 Forms: 1 fyrian, 3 furen(w), 4-7 fyre, (4 fijre, 5 firm), 6-7 fier, 4- fire. [f. Fire sb .; OE. had fyrian (once, in sense 1) ; cf. OIIG. fitirfai to be on fir z,fiurcn to set on fire (MHG. viuren , mod.G . fettern)i\ + 1 . trans. To supply with firing. (Only OE.) c 970 Canons of Edgar , Penitents § 14 Fede f>earfan and scryde and husije and fyrije, baQige and beddige. 2 . trans. To set on fire, so as to damage or de¬ stroy; sometimes, to consume or destroy by fire. ✓z 1400-50 Alexander 2217 A full thousand he fangid to fire )>e foure 3atis. c 1440 Promp. Pant. 162/1 Fynn, or sette on a fyre, or brinnyn. c 1490 Adam Bel 117 in Ritson Anc. Pop. P. 9 They fyred the house in many a place. 1592 Lyly Midas 1. i, Least desiring things above my reach, I be fiered with Phaeton. 1699 Bentley Phal. 77 Cylon fired the Pythagorean College. 1840 Thirlwall Greece VII. lvi. 180 He fired his camp. 1848 Kingsley Saint's Trag. 111. ii. When all your stacks were fired, she lent you gold. b. To light, kindle, ignite (anything intended for the purpose ; now only a beacon, or something explosive). 1393 Gower Conf I. 81 Sinon ..Withinne Troie..a tokne hath fired. C1489CAXTON Sonnes of Aymon xvii. 399 He toke a torche and fyred it. 1571 Digges Pantom. Pref. A iij b, He hath .. sundrie times by the Sunne beames fired Powder. 1665 Sir T. Roe's Voy. E. Ind. 428 They fire an innumerable company of lamps. 1795/Vz//. Trans.hXXXV. 461 Twenty, .white lights, which were fired at Beachy Head, i860 Tyndall Glac. 11. iii. 242 Gunpowder could easily be fired by the heat of the sun’s rays converged. + c. 7 'o fire about : to surround with fires. Obs. c 1440 Bone Flor. 709 The Grekys had fyred hym abowte, That he myght on no syde owte. + d. Used in the imperative as an imprecation. 1752 Foote Taste 11. Wks. 1799 !• 2 3 Fire me, my Lord, there may be more in this than we can guess. 1760 — Minox *• ibid. I. 241 Fire him, a snub-nos’d son of a bitch. 3 . fig. To set (a person) on fire ; to inspire with passion or strong feeling or desire ; to inflame, heat, animate. Also, to kindle or inflame (a passion, etc.). a 1225 St. Marker. 18 Wi 5 }? e halwunde fur of J?e hali gast moncunne froure fure min heorte. C1385 Chaucer L. G. IV. 1013 Dido, That al the world her beute hadde y-fyred. a 1420 Hocclf.ve De Reg. Princ. 3835 They kyndlen ire, and firen lecherie. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. 11. iii, What danke marrish spirit, But would be fyred with im¬ patience? 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. vm. 99 Verse fires the frozen Veins. 1728 Young Odes to King Wks. 1757 I. 176 What hero’s praise Can fire my lays, Like His? 1749 Fielding Tom Jones xv. iv, Perceiving she had fired the young Lord’s pride. 1775 Johnson Tax. no Tyr. 22 The nations of Europe were fired with boundless expectation. 1813 Scott Rokeby 1. xii, Fired was each eye, and flushed each brow, a 1862 Buckle Misc. Wks. (1872) I. 13 Venice, that land so calculated to fire the imagination of a poet. 1881 Mallock Romance Nineteenth Cent. II. 62 These imaginations fired him with a new longing for her. t b. =Feague v. 2 b. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (ed. 2) II. 61 You may chance to get a View of the Horses without the Dealer’s having first put them upon their Mettle, or fired them, as it is called ; for the last of these they will do, if possible, unless the Horse happens to set his Tail naturally. 4 . intr. To catch fire, to be kindled or ignited; + also, to be consumed by fire. Of a coal mine : (see quot. 1892). To fire up: (of a volcano) to burst into flame. a 1618 Raleigh Apol. 29 For I will fire with the Gallioones if it come to extreamity. 1681 Loud. Gaz. No. 1628/2 In this Fight, the Frigat fired twice. 1731 S. Hales Stat. Ess. I. 270 As in the case where houses are first beginning to fire. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. <1862) I. viii. 39 Gunpowder will readily fire with a spark. 1869 Phillips Vesnv. iii. 59 On the 20th of April rain came with the Sirocco, and the mountain, as usual, fired up. 1892 Northumberld. Gloss, s. v., A pit is said to have fired when an explosion of gas has taken place. b. transf. Of flax : To become covered with black spots as if burnt. 1814 W. S. Mason Surv. Ireland I. xm. ix. 265 They find from experience that the latter [American flax-seed] fired much more than the former [Dutch flax-seed]. 5 . fig. To become inflamed, heated, or excited. To fire tip : to show sudden heat or anger, 1568 T. Howell Arb. Amitie (1879) 38, I rage and rewe, 1 fire and freese. 1604 Marston Malcontent v. ii, Women are flax, and will fire in a moment. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones v. x, The parson .. fired at this information. 1798 ane Austen Northang. Abb. (1833) I. vi. 25 If I were to ear any one speak slightingly of you, I should fire up in a moment. 1824 W. Irving T. Trav. I. 261 She fired up at the arrogance of the squire. 1832 Examiner 388/1 His heart swells, and his imagination fires. i8ao Dickens Barn. Rudge xli, I should have fired and fumed 1 6. transf. a. trans. To redden or cause to glow as if on fire; to suffuse with a fiery hue. 1593 Shaks. Rich. II, iii. ii. 42 When .. He [the sun] fires the prowd tops of the Easterne Pines. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple I si. ii. 10 The flaming bloud, Which fir’d her scarlet cheek with rosie dies. 1784 Cowper Task v. 2 The sun .. Ascending, fires th’ horizon. 1878 B. Taylor Deukalion 11. ii. 59 As a strong sunset fires the unwilling East. b. intr. To glow as if on fire; to grow as red as fire. 1865 J. C. Wilcocks Sea Fisticrm. (1875) 118 When the water fires, or, as the fishermen term it, ‘ brimes ’. 1886 A. Lang Lett, to Dead Authors xvii. 177 Watching, .the dawn as it fired. 7 . a. trans. To affect (the body) with a burning sensation. ? Obs. b. intr. To become heated or inflamed. ? US. 1673 Ray Joum. Low C. 459 Olives .. are of a horrid .. taste, firing the throat and palate. 1889 Century Diet. s. v., His feet fire easily in walking. (Colloq.) 8. trans. To drive (any one) away from a place by fire; with out,, out of, from , or equivalent const. Also fig. Obs. or rare. 1530 Palsgr. 551/1 Come out, or I shall fyre the out. 1590 Marlowe Edw. II, iii. ii, March to fire them from their starting-holes. 1605 Shaks. Lear v. iii. 23 He .. shall bring a Brand from Heauen, And fire vs hence, like Foxes. 1615 Byfield Expos. Col. iii. 5 Lust will not usually out of the soul .. till it be fired out with confession. 1677 W. Hubbard Narrative 128 The rest of the Enemy being first fired out of their strong hold, were taken. 1728 Swift Let. Dubl. Wkly. Jrnl. 21 Sept., The law is like tne wooden houses of our ancestors .. where you .. are very often fired out of all you have. f b. To force (a way) by fire. Obs. 1671 Crowne Juliana 11. Dram. Wks. 1873 I. 53 Ha ! the gates fastened 1 . .Fetch me a torch, I’ll fire my way to ’um. 9 . trans. To subject to the action of fire ; to pre¬ pare by heat; e.g. to bake (pottery, bricks, etc.) ; to dry or cure (tea or tobacco) by artificial heat. 1662 R. Mathew Uni. Alch. Ixxxix. 159 The gentlier thou dost fire, the better wil thy Work be. 1782 Wedgwood in Phil. Trans. LXXII. 307 The kiln in which our glazed ware is fired furnishes three measures. 1805 J. Nicol Poems I. 28 Qam.) The dough is then rolled thin, and cut into small scones, which, when fired, are handed round the company. 1825 Beverley Lighting Act ii. 18 Hoop, fire, cleanse, wash or scald any cask. 1875 Sat. Rev. XL. 553/1 For green tea the leaf is ‘fired’within two hours of picking. 1883 U. S. 10 th Census Report Agric. Tobacco 2 If a damp spell occurs after the barn is filled with to- acco it is sometimes fired with wood to save it. 1888 Pall Mall G. 19 Nov. 2/1 The work is fired, again painted with enamels, again fired, and so on. 10 . Farriery. To burn; cauterize. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts (1658) 299 Then to give him the fire, which Absyrtus doth not allow, saving the Spleen lyeth so, as it cannot easily be fired, to do him any good. 1677 Lond. Gaz. No. 1201/4 A. .Hunting Gelding, .fired for the Spaven. .on the near leg behind. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1756) I. 320, I see no Harm in Firing or Cauterizing young Colts. 1869 E. Farmer Scrap Bk. (ed. 6) 27 They’ll be most of them ‘blistered’ or ‘fired’, and turned out! 11 . To supply (a furnace, etc.) with fuel; to at¬ tend to the fire of (an engine). 1760 Goldsm. Cit. IV. xciii. IP 3 [He] might as well send his manuscript to fire the baker’s oven. 1862 Smiles Engineers III. 25 George firing the engine at the wage of a shilling a day. 1890 Daily News 26 Dec. 5/7 The Edinburgh Works have as much coal as will fire th&retorts for at least eight or ten days. 1894 Chamb. Jrnl. 30 June 414/1 The boilers were fired by oil. b. absol. Also with up : To make up a fire ; to light up the fire of a furnace ; hence colloq. to light one’s pipe. 1879 Baring-Gould Germany II. 368 In the depth of winter .. it is quite enough to fire up twice in the twenty- four hours. 1881 M. Reynolds Engine-Driving Life 17 He allows the fireman to find out how to fire, when to fire, and where to fire. 1890 Century Mag. 127/2 When we had fired up he grew more and more in cordial mood. 1893 Catholic News 21 Oct. 6/5, I had been firing on the line for five years back. c. To fire off (a kiln) : to cause it to cease burning. 1884 C. T. Davis Bricks, etc. 283 When the first kiln has been fired-off. 12 . To apply fire to (a charge of gunpowder) in order to cause its explosion ; to discharge or let off (a gun, firework, etc.), explode (a mine, etc.). Also, to fire off. To fire a salute, to fire a certain number of guns as a salute; to fire a broadside, to fire all the guns on one side of a ship. Also fg. 1530 Palsgr. 550/1 Fyer this pece .. affustez ceste piece. 1602 Shaks. Ham. v. ii. 281 Let all the Battlements their Ordinance fire. 1699 W. Hacke Coll. Voy. iv. 37 They load them with loose Powder .. and they fire them with Stone- shot. 1705 Berkeley Cave Dunmore Wks. 1871 IV. 506, I desired one of our company to fire off his gun. 1799 G. Smith Laboratory I. 17 These sorts of rockets are fired on a board or stand. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xxv ii. 91 At sundown, another salute of the same number of guns was fired. 1847 Marryat Childr. N. Forest xv, Edward fired his gun into the body of the man. 1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xxvi. 315 A grey-headed old man comes out and fires off crackers. 1886 Mrs. Lynn Linton Paston Carew xl, Only when Mary fired a broadside into her character .. did Mrs. Richard give tongue in her behalf. b. causal. To cause to discharge a fire-arm. 1847 Infantry Man. (1854) 4 2 The instructor will fire each recruit singly. 13 . intr. or absol. To discharge a gun or other fire-arm ; to shoot. Const, at, upon, into, etc. Fire / as a word of command, is now apprehended as the vb. in the imperative; originally it was prob. the sb. ( — Fr .feu). c 1645 T. Tully Siege of Carlisle (1840) 47 Stradling .. threatened to fire upon them. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) II. iv. 93 He fired, and hit two. 1721 — Col. Jack (1840) 227 We had orders not to fire upon the burghers. 1794 Southey Botany Bay Eel. 11, I fired, they fell. 1848 Mac¬ aulay Hist. Eng. II. 250 Devonshire .. had been fired at from Colepepper’s windows. 1855 Haliburton Nat. # Hum. Nat. I. viii. 231 He has fired into the wrong flock this time. 1885 Law Times 9 May 29/2 The plaintiff, .fired at him, but did not hit him. b. tra 7 isf. (. Bell-ringing .) To ring all the bells in a peal at once. 1788-1880 [cf. Firing 6 b]. c. fig. To fire away : to start off and proceed (in a speech or action) with energy and rapidity; to ‘ go ahead \ colloq. 1775 Mad. D’Arblay Early Diary 4 Mar., Mr. Burney fired away in a voluntary. 1840 Marryat Poor Jack xvii, Now then, Billy, fire away. 1841 E. FitzGerald Lett. (1889) I. 67 Then Edgeworth fires away about the Odes of Pindar. 1880 Payn Confid. Agents III. 156 You tell it to me, and I will tell it to him. Fire away. 14 . intr. Of a gun, etc. : To go off. 1668 Lond. Gaz. No. 260/4 The Gun fired, killing two men. 1799 Naval Chron. I. 440 A quantity of six-inch live shells fired. 1816 Sporting Mag. XLVII. 194 The keepers.. heard a gun fire. b. fig. To go off in an explosion of passion. 1848 Thackeray Van. FairXxxv, Madame de Belladonna .. fired off in one of her furies. 15 . trans. To eject or propel (a missile) from a gun or other fire-arm. To fire away: to consume (ammunition) by firing. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. iii. i. 63 Is that Lead slow which is fir’d from a Gunne? 1864 Macdougall Modern War vii. 176 He paralysed one-half of his army by shutting it in behind the ravine, where it did not fire a shot. Ibid. xiii. 428 There is a tendency in the soldiers .. to fire away their ammunition in a reckless and aimless manner. 1885 Times 23 Jan. 9/2 A man who had never commanded a regiment or fired a shot in anger. b. transf. To propel or discharge (a missile) as from a gun. Also absol. (cf. 13.) 1708 Ockley Saracens (1848) 143 The Persian archers firing on them all the while. 1849 Pitman's Ghost in Bards of the Tyne 409 (Northumb. Gloss.) They fired styens at him. 1878 A. Hamilton Nerv. Dis. x. 270 A boy having fired a brick at her. 1885 Times 4 Feb. 4/4 If you want something to eat, fire a stone through a window. c. fig.; also, to fire off. 1850 J. W. Crokf.r in Croker Papers (1884) III. xxvii. 214 He had a most effective style of firing off his joke. 1859 Reade Love me Little I. i. 29 Her ardent aunt, .fired many glowing phrases in at the [carriage] window. 1861 Hughes Tom Brown al Oxf ii, He .. would not notice the looks of recognition which Tom kept firing at him. 1873 Argosy XVI. 443 ‘ Miss Timmens is not worth her salt ’, fired Tod. 1888 Bryce Avter. Commw. III. cxi. 600 The great set speeches being fired off . .with a view to their circulation in the country. 16 . U.S. slang. To turn (any one) out of a place; to eject or expel forcibly; to dismiss or discharge peremptorily; to reject (a picture sent in for exhi¬ bition). Frequently with out. It has been suggested that this sense is derived from 8, but this seems unlikely. 1885 Milner (Dakota) Free Press 25 Apr. 5/2 If. .the prac¬ tice is persisted in, then they [pupils] should be fired out. 1887 Lisbon (Dakota) Star w Feb. 4 Postmaster Breed says the next time such a thing occurs he will fire the offender bodily. .889 Pall Mall G. 29 Apr. 2/1 A Commissioner who should be discovered to have reported a subordinate unjustly would be fired from his high post. 1892 Nation (N. Y.) 15 Dec. 447/2 Artists of genuine ability have found their can¬ vases fired. FIRE. 243 FIRE-EATER. Fire, vl l Obs. variant of Veer. 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. iv. xiv, Thay fyrit thair takillis, and sank down in y° middis of y° see. tFi'reable, a. Obs .— 1 [f. Fire v. + -aisle.] Capable of being fired or set on fire. 1662 J. Chandler Van IIclntont's Oriat. 137 If Iron be not throughout its whole Body fireable, but a Coal altogether fireable. Fi •re-arm. Usually pi. [f. Fire sb. + Arm sb. 2 ] A weapon from which missiles are propelled by the combustion of gunpowder or other explosive. (The sing, is late and rare in use.) 1646 Evelyn Diary, Brescia, Here I purchas’d .. my fine carabine, .this citty being famous for these fire-armes. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. 11. (1702) I. 92 Nor had they Am¬ munition to supply their few Fire-Arms. 1719 Df. Foe Crusoe (1840) I. xvii. 331 I left them my fire-arms; viz. five muskets. 1840 Thackeray Paris Sk.-bk. (1872) 197 He heard the report of a fire-arm. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. III. 267 Battles are more and more fought out with fire-arms. Hence Fire-armed ppl. a. y provided with fire¬ arms. 1869 Petherick Trav. I. 139 The negroes .. having only clubs and lances, they were soon overpowered by the fire¬ armed Arabs. Fire-ball. [f. Fire sb. + Ball sbA] 1 . A ball of fire or flame; applied esp. to certain large luminous meteors, and to lightning in a globular form. 1555 Eden Decades 217 The fyer baule or starre commonly cauled saynt Helen. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. 616/2 There was such a Tempest & thunder with great firebals of light¬ ning. 1835 Browning Paracelsus 1. 1 1 go toprove*, Unless God send His hail Or blinding fireballs. 1862 Tyndall Mountaineer. i. 8 Sometimes the lightning seems to burst, like a fireball. 1883 H. A. Newton in Encycl. Brit. XVI. 108/1 Another class of luminous meteors known as shooting or falling stars, fire balls [etc.]. 1888 P. G. Tait ibid. XXIII. 330/1 The most mysterious phenomenon is what goes by the name of‘globe-lightning’ or ‘fire-ball’. 2 . Mil. A ball filled with combustible or explo¬ sive materials, used as a projectile, either to damage the enemy by explosion or to set fire to their works. 1595 Barnfield Cassandra xli, Vulcan darted Against their Tower his burning fier-bals. 1609 Holland Anitn. Marcell. xxiv. iv. 249 Tumbling downe huge stones, with firebrands, and fireballs [malleolis], 1684 ScanderbcgRediv. v. 120 They shot above 2000 Cannon Bullets into the Town, and 500 Fireballs. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Supp., Fire balls are bags of canvas filled with gunpowder, sulphur, saltpetre, pitch, &c. 1841 Elphinstone Hist. Ind. I. 505 A fire-ball struck the raja’s elephant. b. fig. 1675 Traherne Chr. Ethics xxv. 390 Virulent speeches are a fire-ball tossed to and fro, of them that love death. 1718 Hickes J. Ketilewell if. xxix. 131 At this Time there were Fire-Balls of Dissention flung..all over the Kingdom. c. Her. (See quot.) 1830 Robson Brit. Her. III. Gloss, s. v. Ball , Fire Ball, or Ball fired proper, is always represented with the fire issuing from the top. When otherwise, it should be so ex¬ pressed in the blazon ; as, a ballfired in four places. 3 . a. A ball of coal-dust and clay or other material, used for kindling fires, b. A ball of fire-brick, put into a fire to save fuel. Fi re-bird. Also 6 fieres-bird. 1 . fa. A bird which stays by or hovers round the fire (quot. 1593). b. (See quot. 1865.) 1593 Tell-troih's Ntno Y. Gift 12 This weather-beaten fieres-bird. 1865 Tylok Early Hist. Man. ix. 252 The story of the fire-bird, .a bird which pecked at it [a tree] and made fire come forth. 2 . a. U.S. A popular name of the Baltimore oriole, Icterus galbula. b. A kind of bee-eater. 1824 W. Irving T. Trav. (1849)436 The fire-bird streamed by them with his deep-red plumage. 1856 Bryant Poems, Indian Story viii, The hollow woods. .Ring shrill with the fire-bird’s lay. 1892 Pall Mall G. 12 Nov. 3/1 You may watch the red fire-bird (a kind of bee-eater) as it sweeps . .round the bush-grown moat of the fortress. Fi*re-blende. Min. [translation of Ger .feuer- blende (Breithaupt in 1832), i.feuer Fire + blende ; see Blende.] = Pyrostilpnite. 1850 Dana^/z#. 543. 1875 Ure's Diet. Arts[y d. 7) II. 393. Frre-boot, t-bote. Law. Obs. exc. Hist. [f. Fire sb. + Boot sb . 1 Cf. OE. fyr-btta one who * beets’ or mends a fire.] The repair or mending of a fire ; wood used for this purpose, fuel (granted by the landlord to the tenant) ; the right of a tenant to take fire-wood from off the landlord's estate. 1484 Lease of Manor of Scotter (N. W. Line. Gloss.), 12 carect subbosci pro le heybote et octo focal pro fyrbot. 1557 Tusser ioo Points Ilusb. Ixv, A blocke at the harthe .. Shall helpe to saue fier bote. 1559 Will of E. Boraston (Somerset Ho.), My saide wyf shall .. have certayne under- woodes appoynted to her by my executours tovvardes her fyreboote. 1657 Sir H. Grimstone in Croke's Reports I. 477 Those trees were long since, .fit only for fire-boot. 1726 Ayliffe Parergon 506 If a Man cuts Trees for .. Cartboot, Ploughboot, and Fireboot. 1824 Hitchins & Drew Corn¬ wall II. 214 Gathering for fire-boot and house-boot .. branches of oak trees. 1888 Athcnazum 12 May 596/3 The privilege of firebote in the lord’s wood, that is gathering Sticks for fuel. Fi re-box. [Box sb. 2 ] f 1 . A box with materials for procuring fire, a tinder-box. Obs. *555 Eden Decades 291 Euery man caryeth with hym .. a fyre boxc. 1806-7 J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) Post. Groans No. 43 Comforts of a fire-box. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop xlvii, He carried in his pocket, too, a fire¬ box. + 2 . A kind of firework. Obs. 1634 J. Bate Myst. Nat. $ Art 11. 75 How to make fire Boxes .. In these boxes you may put golden rayne, starres, serpents petrars [etc.]. 3 . The chamber of a steam-boiler in which the fuel is burnt. 1830 Stephenson & Locke Locomotive <$• Fixed Engines 65 Those [wheels] on which the ‘ fire-box’ rests. 1887 J. A. Ewing in Encycl. Brit. XXII. 516/1 The boiler .. is fitted with a cast-iron internal fire-box. Fire-brand. [f. Fire sb. + Brand sb.] 1 . A piece of wood kindled at the fire. C1205 Lay. 25608 Sicken [fio3en?] of heore has^ene swulc fur-burondes. c 1300 K. Alt's. 6848 Theo kyng sygh a lem, so a fuyrbrond. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xiii. 57 A wikked man.. kest a brynnand fyrebrand at oure Lord. 1591 Spenser Virg. Gnat 343 Tisiphone .. doth shake .. Her flaming fire brond. 1684 Bunyan Pilgr. n. (1862) 296 As the Proverb is, he could have bit a Fire-brand, had it stood in his way. 1786 tr. Bedford's Vathek (1868) 6 Eyes which glowed like firebrands. 1828 Berry Encycl. Her. I, Fire-brand in¬ flamed ppr., fire brands, borne in coat-armour, are generally represented raguly. 1887 Bowen Virg. /Eneid 1. 525 We.. Pray thee the firebrand fell from the Trojan vessels to keep. + b. transf. One who is doomed or deserves to burn in hell; usually firebrand of hell. Obs. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 7421 Or he us made for noght els to dwelle In erth, hot to be fyre brandes in helle. 1551 Crowley Pleas. 4* Pain 270 Eternall fyre is redy for eche hell fyrebrande. 1560 Becon New Catech. Wks. 1844 II. 204, I was by nature, .a very firebrand of hell. 2 . fig. One who, or a thing which, kindles strife or mischief, inflames the passions, etc. 1382 Wyclif Isa. vii. 4 Thin herte be not ferd of the two tailes of these smokende fyr brondis. 1581 Savile Tacitus' Hist. 11. Ixxxvi.(i59i) 104This man. .became a principall fire- brande of the warre. 1583 Exec, for Treason (1675) 16 Dr. Sanders the Popes firebrand in Ireland. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. iv. (1702) I. 293 And so this firebrand of Privi- ledge inflamed the City at that time. 1690 Norris Beati¬ tudes (1692) 67 Meer Firebrands in Society, that kindle and lay waste where-ever they come. 1791 Burke Corr. (1844) III. 278 These fierce republicans, even the very firebrands of the Jacobins, i860 Motley Nethcrl. I. iv. 132 Not peace, but a firebrand .. had the King held forth to his subjects. + 3 . = Brand-mark. Obs. 1675 Lond. Gaz. No. 1049/4 A speckled Mare .. marked with a Fire-brand on the near shoulder. 1704 Ibid. No. 4 ° 3 7/S A .. Cart Gelding .. a Firebrand on the near Shoulder. 4 . A local name for the redstart. 1890 in Glouccst. Gloss. 5 . attrib. Firebrand-new (dial.) = Brand-new. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 328 Umbidelve The rootes, and dryve ynne a firbronde pynne. 1606 Shaks. Tr. $ Cr. 11. ii. no Our fire-brand Brother Paris burns vs all. 1882 W. Wore. Gloss., Fire-brand-new. .quite new. Hence Pi-re-branded ppl. a. y (a) = Brand- marked (obs.); (b) furnished with fire-brands. Fi’re-brandism (nonce-wd.) y the disposition or behaviour of a (social) fire-brand. 1673 Lond. Gaz. No. 764/4 The Gelding is brown .. the Letter R firebranded on the farther buttock. 1818 Keats Endym. in. 7 Who .. will see unpack’d Fire-branded foxes to sear up and singe Our gold and ripe-ear’d hopes. 1887 Sat. Rev. 5 Nov. 643 Firebrandism of this kind is .. an act either of unpardonable folly or. .wickedness. + Fi're-cra:ncel. Obs. [Cf. Ger. feuerkranz in same sense ; also krdnzel, dim. of kranz wreath.] = fire-hoop, -wreath : see Fire sb. B. 5. 1755 Magens Insurances II. 444 Cannons, Muskets.. Granadoes, Fire-Crancels, pitched Hoops. Fvre-cross, fbery-cross. [See Cross 13.] A signal used anciently in Scotland, and more recently in the Highlands, to summon the men to a rendezvous on the sudden outbreak of war. It was called in Gaelic cros-tdraidh or crann-tdraidh = cross or beam of gathering, and consisted of a cross or piece of wood burnt at one end and dipped in blood at the other-symbolical of fire and sword—which was handed from clansman to clansman, each man immediately on re¬ ceiving it running with it to his nearest neighbour, so as to spread the alarm over a district in a short time. (Poetical references to it are often mere guesses founded on the name.) 1547 in Reg. Privy Seal XXI. 45 (Jam.) The fire Croce being borne throw the hale Realme. 1548 Patten Exped. Scotl. in Arb. Gamier III. 63. 1615 Sir D. Campbell Let. in Pitcairn Crim. Trials Scot . III. 23 Sir James the traitour hes latlie directit out ane fyrie croce from the head of Lock- errane to the Tarbart. 1641 Milton Refomn . 11. (1851) 51 To .. proclaime a fire-crosse to a .. perpetuall civill warre. 1810 Scott Lady of L. in. xviii, He vanish'd, and o’er moor and moss Sped forward with the Fiery Cross. 1826 Lingard Hist. Eng. (ed. 4) VII. 16 Arran had dispatched the fire- cross from clan to clan. Fired (f9i°id), ppl. a. [f. Fire v. + -ed k] 1 . Set on fire or alight, kindled. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 929 The fyred nuttes smolder. *556 J- Heywood Spider <$■ F. lvii. 130 Euerie peece. .Hath a spider gonner; with redy fired mach. 1665 Manley Grotius' Low-C. Warrcs 957 The Holland ships also at¬ tempted to succour their firea Vessels. 1719 D’Urfey Pills I. 197 To quench a fir’d House. 1884 Pall Mall G. 30 Dec. 2/1 The gases from the fired gunpowder. f 2 . As transl. of L. ignitus ; a. Tried in the fire. 1382 Wyclif Rev. iii. 18, I counseile thee, for to bye of me gold fyrid. + b. Full of fire, fiery, (lit. and fig.) Obs. a 1300 E. E. Psalter cxviii. [cxix.] 140 Fired l>i speche es swithe wele. *11340 Hampole ibid., Ffyrid gretly |?i worde ..^at is, Ju worde \>zt is fyry thorgh }?e halygast. 1388 Wyclif A T /*;;/.xxi. 6 The Lord sente firid serpentis in to the puple. 3 . Of flax ; (see quots. and Fire vA 4 b). 1789 Trans. Soc. Encourag. Arts I. 204 Except fired or mildewed flax, both of which .. being improper for linen cloth. 1814 Mason Surv. Ireland I. xiii. ix. 264 The leaves . .are, by the wet, laid flat upon the stem, the flax instantly appears fired (which is a number of black specks appearing upon the stem). 4 . Her. Of a fire-ball: Represented with fire issuing from the surface. See Fire-ball 2 c. 5 . Fired off-, said of a kiln when the fire has ceased to burn, but before the heat is exhausted. 1884 C. T. Davis Bricks, etc. 284 If it is desired to admit hot air to the upper part of any kiln, this may be done by opening the dampers.. at the top of a fired-off kiln. Fi "re-damp. [See Damp sb.] A miner’s term for carburetted hydrogen or marsh-gas, which is given off by coal and is explosive when mixed in certain proportions with atmospheric air. 1677 Phil. Trans. XII. 895 The Fire-damp did by little and little begin. .to appear in crevisses and slits of the Cole. 1710 Brit. Apollo III. No. 3. 2/2 What Miners relate con¬ cerning Fire-damps. 1774 Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772, 49 The. .colliers dare not venture with a candle in spots where fire-damps are supposed to lurk. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. I. 143 Two different gases, known by the miners as fire-damp and choke-damp. attrib. 1867 W. W. Smyth Coal < 5 * Coal-mining 200 The ingenious ‘ fire-damp indicator’ of Mr. Ansell. 1874 Knight Did. Mech. I. 863/1 Fire-damp-alarm, one which indicates the presence of dangerous quantities of gas or fire-damp in coal workings. Fi/r e-drake. [OE .fyr-draca, f. fyr y Fire sb. + draca dragon.] 1 . A ‘ fiery dragon'; a mythical creature belong¬ ing to Germanic superstition. Beowulf 5371 J?a wses. .frecne fyr-draca, faehSa ^emyndig. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 95 Sometime the fire-drake it semeth. 1522 Skelton Why not to Court 978 That he wolde than make The devyls to quake Lyke a fyerdrake. 1683 Crowne City Politiques 11. i, Were not your writings like so many Fire-drakes? .. no person [would] come near ’em. 1865 Kingsley Herew. xiii, He expected the enchanter to enter on a fire drake. 1883 Longm. Mag. Sept. 517 Woodcuts, representing, .fire-drakes, and other fearful wild-fowl. 12 . a. A fiery meteor, b. A will-o'-the-wisp. 1563 W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 10 Flying Dragons, or as Englishmen call them, fire Drakes, be caused in this maner. 1607 G. Wilkins Miseries EnforcedMarr. in Hazl. Dodsley IX. 572 Who should be lamps to comfort out our way, And not like firedrakes to lead men astray. 1631 Chapman Caesar Sf Pompey Wks. 1873 HI. 159 So have I seen a firedrake glide at midnight Before a dying man to point his grave. _ 1851 Sir F. Palgrave Norm, tyfing. I. 127 He deals in signs, por¬ tents, fire-drakes, .armies fighting in clouds, t 3 . A kind of firework. Obs. 1607 Middleton Five Gallants in. ii. 82 But, like fire- drakes, Mounted a little, gave a crack, and fell. 1634 J. Bate Myst. Nat. c$- Art 80 How to make fire Drakes. 1706 in Phillips (ed. Kersey). f 4 . transf. a. An alchemist's assistant, b. A man with a fiery nose. c. One who is fond of fighting ; = Fire-eater 2. d. Afire-man. e. == Fireship 2. 1610 B. Jonson Alch. 11. i, That’s his fire-drake, His lungs, his Zephyrus, he that puffes his coales. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII , v. iv. 45 Twenty of the Dog-dayes now reigne in’s Nose .. that Fire-drake did I hit three times on the head. £ 1626 Dick of Devon. 1. ii. in Bullen O. PI. II. 14 Our shipps Carrying such firedrakes in them that [etc.], a 1670 Hacket A bp. Williams 11. (1692) 146 It is not strange that such fire- drakes as he writes of could not forbear to threaten the nation. 1631 Dekker Match mee 1. Wks. 1873 IV. 140 Another Fire-drake ! More Salamanders ! a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Fire-drakes, Men with a Phenix for their Badge, in Livery, and Pay from the Insurance-Office, to extinguish Fires. 1710 Brit. Apollo II. Q. No. 3. 7/1 A Fire-drake of Spain [might], .put you in the same Plight. Fi-re-ea ter. 1 . A juggler who eats or pretends to eat fire. 1672 Evelyn Diary 8 Oct., Richardson the famous Fire- eater. .before us devour’d brimstonon glowing coales, chew¬ ing and swallowing them. 1762 Goldsm. Cit. W. lxxxv, Stage-players, fire-eaters .. and wire-walkers .. ought not entirely to be despised. 1827 G. Higgins Celtic Druids 221 Like the celebrated fire-eater in London. 2 . One fond of fighting, a duellist; one who seeks occasion to quarrel or fight. 1804 Morning Herald in Spirit Pub. Jrnls. (1805) VIII. 249 The Sieur W-d-m, fire-eater in ordinary to the troop. 1827 Barrington Personal Sk. II. 8 About the year 1777, the ‘Fire-eaters’ were in great repute. 1840 Thackeray Paris Sk.-bk. (1869) 25 He killed a celebrated French fire- eater. 1864 Spectator No. 187.627 Sober-minded men. .not fire-eaters wishing to fight for pure fighting's sake. b. (U.S.) Before the Civil War: A violent Southern partisan. 1863 Hawthorne Our Old Home (1883) I. 55 The new¬ comer proved to be .. as he pleasantly acknowledged, a Southern Fire-Eater. 1879 Tourgee Fool’s Err. vii. 30 An original Secesh, a regular fire-eater. 3 . Trade slang. A quick worker. 1841 Savage Diet. Printing, Fire-eater, Compositors who are expeditious workmen are styled Fire Eaters. 1889 BARRfeRE & Leland Diet. Slang, Fire-eater (Tailors), one who does a great amount of work in a very short time. So Fi're-ea ting vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 1819 Metropolis II. 207, I would as soon sit down in com¬ pany with my butcher as with these fire-eating fellows. 31-2 FIRE-ENGINE. 244 FIREMAN 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair xvii, A fire-eating and jealous warrior. 1863 Hawthorne Our Old Home (188?) I. 55 My fire-eating friend has had ample opportunities to banquet on his favorite diet. 1882 W. Haslam Yet not I (1883) 8 He did not like that fire-eating kind of preaching. 1890 Spectator 4 Jan., The absence of fire-eating among the leading states¬ men of Europe. Fi •re-engine, [f- Fike sb. + Engine.] 1 . A machine for throwing water to extinguish fires. c 1680 Sir S. Morland's Pumps Broadside, Brit. Mus. 816 m. 10. 90 For a Fire Engin with one Pair of Handles.. Twenty three pound. 1725 Desaguliers Exper. Philos. (1744) II. 505-519 heading , Mr. Newsham’s Fire-Engine. 1 755 Franklin Let. Wks. 1887 II. 405 A stream [of water] from a fire-engine will force through the strongest panes, of a window. 1806 O. Gregory Mech. (1807) 11 .175 Fire engine [is] the name now commonly given to a machine by which water is thrown upon fires to extinguish them. 1836 Dickens Sk. Doz , Our Parish i, The services of that particularly useful machine, a parish fire-engine, are required. 2 . A steam-engine. Obs. exc. local. 1722 Barnes in Brand Hist. Newcastle (1789) II. 68 snote, The charge of water was calculated as if to be drawn by horses, whereas it may be done much cheaper by help of a fire-engine. 1750 Franklin Wks. (1887) II. 164 They waited for a fire-engine from England to drain their pits. 1806 O. Gregory Mech. (t8o 7) II. 353 This [i.e. the steam engine] has often been called the Fire-engine, because of the fire used in boiling the liquid. 1867 W. W. Smyth Coal Coal-mining 6 Newcomen appears .. to have first tried his ‘fire-engine’ on the large scale at a colliery near Wolver¬ hampton. 1880 W. Cornw. Gloss., Fire-engine, a steam- engine. t 3 . A heating apparatus. Obs. rare. 1708 J. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. 1. i. iii. (1743) 9 One fire-engine conveys warm air to every individual Part of the Machine [Lombe's machine for thrown silk]. Fi re-eyed, a. Having eyes glowing as with fire. 1596 Shaks. 1 Hen. IV, lv. i. 114 To the fire-ey’d Maid of smoakie Warre. .will wee offer them. 1601 Downfall Earl of Huntington iv. i. in Hazl. DodsleyW III. 178 Anon comes forth the fire-eyed dreadful beast. 1602 Marston Antonio's I\ez>. v. v, Grim fier-eyed rage Possess us wholly. 1823 Moore Fables 137 Like certain fire-eyed minstrel maids. 1831 Carlyle Sart. Res. (1858) 64 Only at rare intervals did the young soul burst forth into fire-eyed rage. Fi re-fang, sb. [f. next vb.] The state of being fire-fanged or overheated. 1813 W. Leslie Surv. Nairn 454. 1855 Jrtil. R. Agric. Soc. XVI. 11. 328 Suppose the oxygen had been supplied to the decaying mass, .would there have been any firefang? Fi re-fang, v. Obs. exc. dial. [f. Yiue sb. + Fang z/. 1 ] trans. To lay hold of with fire ; to singe, scorch ; in quot. absol. Also jocosely of the burning of heretics. Obs. in gen. sense. 1562 Scott N. Y. Gift to Queue x. in Bannatyne Poems (1770) 245 And quha eit flesch on Fridayis was fyre-fangit. 1618 M. Baret Horsemanship 1. 37 A hasty fire does not only firefange. .but also taketh away the true rellish. Hence Frre-fanged ppl. a ., + (a) gen. caught by the fire, singed, scorched {obs.) ; {b) spec, of barley, oatmeal, etc., of manure and straw ; also of cheese: Having a scorched or singed appearance, smell, or taste, as if overheated. Fire-fanging vbl. sb., the action of the vb. 1513 Douglas /Eneis xii. v. 202 This Chorineus. .Ruschit on his fa, thus fyrefangit and onsaucht. 1615 Markham Eng. Housew. 11. vii. (1668) 166 Too. .hasty a fire scorcheth and burneth it [i.e. the Malt], which is called among Maltsters Fire-fang’d.. 1725 Bradley Earn. Diet. s.v. Malt , With a moderate Fire, for fear of Fire-fanging. 1790 Grose Prov. Gloss, (ed. 2), Fircfanged, fire-bitten. Spoken of oatmeal &c. that is overdried. North. 1808 Jamieson s. v., Cheese is said to befrefangit, when it is swelled and cracked, and has received a peculiar taste, in consequence of being ex¬ posed to much heat before it has been dried. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Fn'efanged, of oats or barley too hastily dried in the kiln. Fi re-flaught. Orig. Sc. [f. Fire sb. + Flaught. Cf. Fireslaught.] 1 . Lightning; a flash of lightning; a storm of thunder and lightning. c 1375 ? Barbour Troy-bk. 1. 468 Ande fyre-flauthtis our \>e feldes flee Ine syk fladdanis & flambys briht. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. v. 33 A gret fyre flawcht .. Dan hapnyd in Rome. 1552 Lyndesay Monarche 5556 Than sail ye sone of god discend: As fyreflaucht haistely glansyng. 1645 Rutherford Tryal Sp Tri. Faith (1845) 149 Reasons work not in a moment, as fire flaughts in the air. 1816 Scott OldMort. xxxviii, He passed by me like a fire-flaught. 1876 Miss Yonge Three Brides (ed. 3) I. xi. 167 She passes like—like a fire-flaught, whatever that is—just bows, b. The northern lights ; aurora borealis. 1787 Grose Prov. Gloss., Fire-flaught . .the northern lights. 2 . transf. a. A sudden burst or rush. 1637 Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. civ. 265 A fire-flaught of challenges will come in at mid-summer and question me. 1880 Swinburne Study Shaks. 173 Even Goneril has her one splendid hour, her fireflaught of hellish glory. b. A fiery glance. 1802 Jamieson Water Kelpie viii. in Scott Minstr. Scott. Bord. (i86g) 538 From ilka ee the fire-flauchts flee And flash alangis the flude. 1826 J. Wilson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 I. 136 Every coorser flingin' fire-flaughts frae his een. Fir e-fly. [f. Fire sb.] 1 . A lampyrid or elaterid insect which has the property of emitting phosphorescent light. 1658 Rowland Moufet’s Theat. Ins. 1019 Of the Fire-fly. 1756 P. Browne Jamaica 432 The larger Fire Fly. 1814 I Cary Dante's Inf xxvi. 31 Fire-flies innumerous spangling | o’er the vale. 1880 Ouida Moths II. 262 Where the fire¬ flies flash amongst the lemon blossoms and the myrtle. 2 . attnb. and Comb. 1806 Moore Lake Dismal Swamp ii, Her fire-fly lamp I soon shall see. 1858 Bushnell Serin. New Life 189 A mere fire-fly spark in comparison. 1876 Ouida Winter City vii. 183 Such as echo through the firefly-lighted corn. Fi •re-fork. [f. as prec.] Obs. exc. dial. A fork-shaped instrument used for stirring up the fire, putting on fuel, etc. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 161/2 Fyyr forke, ticionarium. 1483-4 Act 1 Rich. Ill, c. 12, Fireforkes. 1547 Lane. Wills I. 108 Ij yrnes for the oven mouthe and a fire-fork. 1627 Drayton Agincourt 179 The women eager as their husbands were With Spits and Fireforkes. 1727 De Foe Hist. App. ix. (1735) 169 A fourth came out, not with a Sword, but a Fire- Fork. 1875 in Sussex Gloss. 1887 in Kent Gloss, fig. 1685 Crowne Sir C. Nice 111. Wks. 1874 III. 301 Bell. Who brought this picture? Hot. The common fire- fork of rebellion. Fi re-hearth, [f. as prec.] 1 . The pavement of brick or stone on which a fire is made ; the hearth in front of a fireplace. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 161/2 Fyyr herthe, focarium. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 45 The Testicles are .. the Feu-place or Fire-hearth, where the Lares or houshold-Gods of the body, do solace and disport themselues. 1703 T. N. City <$* C. Purchaser 43 Bricks are frequently used in Paving of ..Sinks, and Fire-hearths. 1769 R. Price Observ. Revers. Payments (1792) II. 276 note, There was a tax of two shillings on every fire-hearth. 2 . A kind of cooking range or stove for ships. 1676 Lond. Gaz. No. 1127/4 The. .Invention of Iron Fire- Hearths for Ships, c 1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 118 Fire- hearth, the fire-place and conveniences in the galley for cooking the provisions for the people. Fi re-hook. [f. as prec.] a. A large hook used in pulling down burning buildings, b. (See quot. 1874). 1467 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 385 That ther be v. fuyre hokes. 1585H1GINS Junius'Nomenclator 279 Hama, .a fire hooke. 1620 Nottingham Rec. (1889) IV. 371 We present the townes fyer hookes to be decayd for want of steales [handles]. 1788 Franklin Autob. Wks. 1887 I. 205 Fines .. apply’d to the purchase of fire-engines, ladders, fire-hooks. 1812 H. & J. Smith Rej. Addr., Tale Drury Lane 89 The engines thunder’d through the street, Fire-hook, pipe, bucket, all complete. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 867/2 Fire-hook (Steam-engineering), a kind of hook for raking and stirring the furnace fire. + Fi re-ho t, a. [f. as prec.] a. Of material things : Hot as fire; red-hot. b. Jig. Inflamed with zeal, passion, or lust. Obs. a 1000 Elene 937 (Gr.) Fyrhat lufu. 1398 Trevisa Barth, de P. R. x. iv. (Tollem. MS.), As it farep in fyre hoot yren and in brennynge cole. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. (1892) 979 Whan it was fyre hote. 1589 R. Harvey P. Perc. 17, I dare saie. .(with that firehot Preacher) that [etc.]. 1595 J. Weever in Shaks. C. Pi'aise 16 Faire fire-hot Venus. 1605 T. Hutton Reas. Refusal 37 In the daies of firehot persecution. 1678 R. R[ussell] Geberin. 11. in. v. 224 That the Plates may be kept fire-hot. Fi •re-house, [f- as prec. Cf. ON. eblhiis.] A house with a fireplace in it, as distinguished from the out-buildings. Obs. exc. dial. Sometimes, t the particular room in which the family fire was. c 1000 /Elfric Gloss, in Wr.-Wulcker 184/26 Caminatum, fyrhus. 1530 Test. Ebor. (Surtees) V. 292 Every fyer howse wt in the parishing of Acclome. 1632 in S. O. Addy Hall of Waltheof(i8g^) 182 note. The Hall or Fierhouse of the now mansion house of the said John Parker. 1635 Pagitt Christianogr. (1646) 1. 237 Ive (or Ine) .. granted to the pope, that every Fire-house within his Kingdome should yearly pay him a peny. 1680 in N. <5* Q. 3rd Ser. (1866) IX. 452/1 All that ancient Messuage or Firehouse wherein one C. M. now dwelleth. 1878 Cumberld. Gloss., Fire-house, the dwelling—in contradistinction to the outbuildings. Fi •re-iron. [Cf. MHG. viurisern .] + 1 . An iron (or a steel) for striking a light. Obs. c 1300 St. Brandon 639 He brow3te a fur-ire and a ston Forto smyte fur therwith. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 161/2 Fyyre yryn, to smyte wythe fyre, fugillus. <71500 Melusine 23 Raymondin .. hadd kyndled the fyre with hys fyre-yron. 1530 Palsgr. 220/2 Fyre yron to stryke fyre "with, fusil. 2 . pi. Implements for tending a domestic fire, usually shovel, tongs and poker. 1812 Specif. G. Babb's Patent No. 3526, A new Method of producing .. fire irons. 1848 C. Bronte J. Eyre xxi, The grate and fire-irons were burnished bright. 1886 J. K. Jerome Idle Thoughts (1889) 36 Hammering, shouting and rattling the fire-irons. t Fire-isle. Obs. rare~ x . [f. Fire sb. + OE. ysla,ysela hot ashes.] In pi. Ashes, embers. ^ c 1250 Gen. Sg Ex. 1130 Oc quane here apples ripe ben, fier- isles man mai 8or-inne sen. Fireless (foLules), a. [f. Fire jA + -less.] Devoid of fire, without a fire. + 1 . Unlit, not flaming. Obs. 1649 Stanley Europa etc. 29 With hizzing firelesse Torches. 2 . a. Having no fire, without a fire. 1661 Brome Epist. to Mr. J. B. 6 My fireless chymnies catch the cold. 1775 Mad. D’Arblay Early Diary (1889) II. 117 This cold season, when there is no writing in a fireless room. 1789 Wordsw. Evening Walk, When, .fire¬ less are the valleys far and wide. 1852 Hawthorne Blithe- dale Rom. I. v. 81, I went shivering to my fireless chamber. b. Of a tribe: Having no knowledge of or means of procuring fire. 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Man. ix. 228 The mention uf a fireless race. ibid. 229 A fireless people. 3 - fig- Without energy, life, or animation. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11, i. 1. (1641) 86/1 The Beast is lust-less, sex-less, fire-less, mute. 1656 Trapp Comm. Matt. iii. 11 The Latines call a dull dronish man, a fireless man. Fi’re-light. a. The light given by a fire or fires, f b. Lightning {obs.). c. (quot. 1845) = Aurora 5. Beowulf 3037 He .. Fyr-leoht seseah. C1340 Cursor M. 22680 (Trin.) As pondir dop wip fire li}t. 1769 De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. III. 210 It takes its Name from Flam, a British Word for a Fire-light. 1800 Herschel in Phil. Trans. XC. 480 Their disposition to transmit candle-light or fire-light. 1845 Hirst Com. Mammoth 21 Flashed, like the fire-lights of the North, When Winter rules the frozen earth, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. v. 41 The ruddy fire-light gleaming over the walls. t Fi’reling. Obs.— ' [see- ling.] A little fire. 15.. Image ipocr. 108 in Skelton Wks. (ed. Dyce) II. 415 For many a hyerlinge With a wilde fyerlinge. .Shall pryck owt as a post. Firelock. [See Lock r//.] 1 . A gun-lock in which sparks were produced (either by friction or percussion) to ignite the priming. The name was at first given to the Wheel-lock; in the 17th cent, it became transferred to the Flint-lock. 1547 Inventory in Meyrick Antient Armour III. 15 One chamber pece blacke.. with afierlocke. 1625G. M[arkham] Souldiers Accid. 53 Pistolls, Petronells, or Dragons .. all these are with fire-lockes, and those fire-lockes (for the most part) Snap-hances. 1639 R. Ward Animadv. Warre 1. 293 The Firelocke is surest to give fire, and not so apt to be out of kilter; besides they will indure Spand 24 houres together without hurting them. 1655 Mrq. Worcester Cent. Inv. No. 44 A perfect Pistol .. with Prime, Powder and Fire¬ lock. 1677 Ld. Orrery Art of War 31 In the Fire-lock the motion is so sudden, that what makes the Cock fall on the Hammer, strikes the Fire, and opens the Pan at once. 2 . A musket furnished with such a lock. 1590 Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons 47 Whereby they [the stones] should faile to strike iust vpon the wheeles being fire-lockes, or vpon the hammers or steeles, if they be Snap- hances. 1625 G. M[arkham] Souldiers Accid. 41 They [cuirassiers] shall haue a case of long Pistolls, fierlockes (if it may be) but Snaphaunces, where they are wanting. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. Commw. 382 Part, .carried Fire-lockes of two foot, and the residue Pikes. 1662 J. Davies tr. Mandelslo Trav. E. Ind . 51 They have no fire Armes with wheeles, nor yet Fire-locks. 1703 Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) V. 305 An agent .. is arrived here, to buy 30,000 fire¬ locks. 1811 Gen. Doyle in Napier Penins. War (Rtldg.) II. App. 427 Six months have passed without a fire-lock being made ! 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 324 The English army have extemporised tents..by sus¬ pending blankets over their firelocks. 3 . A soldier armed with such a weapon. 1645 R. Symonds Diary Civ. War (Camden) 181/2 Colonel John Russell, with .. the Prince’s fferelockes, assaulted. 1704 Collect. Voy. (Church.) III. 728/2 Where they posted 12 Firelocks. 1801 Wellington in Gurw. Desp. I. 285 The other corps .. will amount to about 2000 firelocks. 1844 H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 342 The detachment, .scarcely mustered nine hundred and fifty firelocks. 4 . att rib., as firelock musket, firelock piece. a 15 77 Gascoigne Cofnpl. Gr. Knt. Weedes (1587) 183 My chaunce was late to haue a peereles firelock peece. 1631 Schedule of Prices in Meyrick Ant. Arm. III. 101 For a pair of firelock pistols, a 1672 Wood Life (1848) 24 Capt. Bunce returned safe. .with, .six fire-lock musquets. 1 Fi rely, and adv. Obs. [f. Fire sb. + -ly.] A. adj. Ardent, furious. B. adv. Ardently, with fierce eagerness. 1340 Ayenb. 55 J?e Jmdde bo3 of pise zenne is to uerliche yerne to be mete. 1435 Misyn Fire of Lo7>e 11. iv. 75 pe qwhilk fyrely & opynly is byrnyd with fyre of lufe. Hence i Fi’relihead, ardour, eagerness. 1340 Ayenb. 55 pe more pet is pe ilke uerlichhede [ardeur] pe more is pe zenne. Fireman (fai°\iman). + 1 . One who uses fire-arms ; a gunner. Obs. 1626 Rawleigh's Ghost 4 The best experienced souldiers or firemen. <11648 Ld. Herbert Life U770) 51 Notwith¬ standing all that our Firemen speak against it [archery]. 1724 De Foe Mem. Cavalier{ 1840) 181 The cannoneers and firemen were killed. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. I . xxii. 263 The fire Men place themselves at convenient Distances along the skirts of an Hill. 2 . One who attends to a furnace or the fire of a steam-engine. 1657 R. Ligon Barbadoes (1673) 53 One or two of these were Firemen that made the fires in the furnaces. 1784 Wedgwood in Phil. Trans. LXXIV. 367 The fire about the oven was .. kept as even and steady as possible, by an ex¬ perienced fireman, under my own inspection. 1885 Manch. Exam. 19 Feb. 4/7 The fireman jumped off. .but the driver . .and a brakesman, .were killed. f 3 . fig. A ‘ fellow of fire ’; see Fike sb. 13 b. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 61 p i, I had last Night the Fate to drink a Bottle with Two of these Fire-men. 4 . One who is employed to extinguish fires. 1714 Gay Trivia iii. 362 The Fire-man sweats beneath his crooked Arms. 1766 Entick London IV. 262 This office keeps in its service 30 fire-men. 1855 O. W. Holmes Poems 140, I asked the firemen why they made Such noise about the town. 5 . Mining. One whose duty it is to examine the workings of a mine to see that no fire-damp is present, to attend to the blasting, etc. 1866 J. Hogg in Intellect. Observer IX. 2 As there was no great quantity [of inflammable air] detected, the ‘fireman * thought it sufficient precaution to put up a ‘ danger-signal ’. 1885 Law Times LXXIX. 119/2 The fireman should not allow any shot to be fired without seeing the charge put in, and without first carefully examining the place. FIRE-MASTER 245 FIRE-SLAUGHT 6. Comb., as fireman-waterman. 1836 Dickens Sk. Boz, Tales vii, ‘ Did you want to be put on board a steamer, sir?’ inquired an old fireman- waterman. Hence Firemanship (nonce-wd.), the craft or function of a fireman. 1874 Daily News 17 Mar. 5 The amateur firemanship of a nobleman.. 1881 M. Reynolds Engine-driving Life 66 Now is the time for the display of good enginemanship,— ah ! and good firemanship. Fire-master. f 1 . An officer of artillery who superintended the manufacture of explosives or fireworks. Obs. 1622 F. Markham Dec. Warre 111. ii. 87 The Fier-master being he that hath the art how to make and compound all manner of Fire-workes. 1688 Capt. J. S. Fortif. 132 By this, a Fire-Master may lay his Granado .. at any place. 1692 Capt. Smith's Seamans Cram . 11.xiv. no Discovered by Mr. Valentine Pyne, late Fire-Master of England. 1708 Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. 11. hi. (1743) 108 Mr. Watson, Firemaster to the Grenadiers. 1824 Byron To Hancock 7 Feb., A firemaster (who is to burn a whole fleet). b. (See quot.) 1876 Voyle Mil. Diet. s. v., The designation of fire-master is still known in the ordnance branch of the service ; he is an officer of the royal artillery, and is entrusted with the inspection of ordnance stores at foreign stations. 2 . A local title given to the chief officer of a fire- brigade. 1865 Ann. Reg. 5 The fire-master [in Edinburgh] and others had reason to be grateful for their deliverance. + Fi ren, a. Obs . Forms : 1 fyren, 2-3 furen, (3 fern\ 3-5 Aren, fyren (-in, -un). [OE .fyren, OHG. fiurtn (MHG. viureii) OTeut. *fdirfno-, f. *ffiir, OY..fyr, Fire sb.~\ Consisting of or con¬ taining fire ; flaming with fire. 971 Blickl. Horn. 43 ponne biS he ^eteald to paere fyrenan ea. 1 c 1000 Martyrologium 4 (1894) Ond Romanen gesawon fyren cleowen ^efeallan of heofonum. C1175 Lamb. Horn. 89 Wes ise3en biforan heore elche swile hit were furene tungen. CX205 Lay. 18863 Of his e3ene scullen fleon furene gleden. a 1300 Cursor M. 22680 (Cott.) All pe stanes .. aboue pe erth and benepen. .sal smitt togedir wit sli maght, als thoner dos wit firen slaght. 1382 Wyclif 2 Kings ii. 11 Loo ! the fijren chaare and the fijren hors deuyden euer either, c 1400 Apoll. Loll. 98 Taking he scheld of J>e feih, in pe wilk we may sleckun all the firun dartis of the enemy. <'1440 Jacob's lVell(E. E. T. S.) 157 pat prynce of deuelys . -3af hym drynken of a fyren cuppe brynnyng drynk wyth brymston. Fi •re-new, a. arch . [Cf. Ger .feuerneu ; also Brand-new.] f Fresh from the fire or furnace (obs.) ; hence, perfectly new, brand-new. 1594 Shaks. Rich. III. 1. iii. 256 Your fire-new stampe of Honor is scarce currant. 1599 H. Buttes Dyet’s drie Dinner N v b, Curdes .. fire-newe: for these be most digestible. 1615 Sylvester Hymn Alms 195 Fire-new Fashion in a Sleeve. 1713 Addison Guardian No. 113 f 2 Another suit fire-new, with silver buttons to it. 1800 Coleridge Piccolom. iv. vii, Duke Friedland is as others A fire-new noble. 1842 Browning Solil. Sp. Cloister iii, A fire-new spoon. Fire-office. An office for issuing policies for insurance against fire ; a fire-insurance company. 1684 H. S. (title) An answer to a letter, .giving an account of the two insurance-offices. The Fire-Office and Friendly Society. 1716 Lond. Gas. No. 5488/8 Hand-in-Hand Fire-Office. 1727 Swift YVJuit passed in Lond ., All the fire-offices were required to have a particular eye upon the bank of England. 1842 Syd. Smith Lett. Wks. 1859 II. 324/1 Leave me to escape in the best way I can, as the fire-offices very kindly permit me to do. 1861 Dickens Gt. Expect, xxxi, Insured in some extraordinary Fire Office. Fi re-pan. [OE .fyrpanne, f.fyr, Fire + panne, Pan.] 1 . A pan or receptacle for holding or carrying fire, e.g. a brazier, a chafing dish, a portable grate. c 1000 /Elfric Gloss, in Wr.-Wulcker 124 Arula, uel batilla fyrpanne. 1382 Wyclif Ex. xxxviii. 3 Fleshhokes, hokes, and tier pannes. 1432 E. E. Wills (1882) 91 A vergyous barell, and a fyerpanne. 1567 Inv. Sir G. Conyers in Wills <$• Inv. N. C. (Surtees) 267 A poer, a fier pann and a pair of tonngs xx' 1 . a 1639 Spottiswood Hist. Ch. Scot. vi. xiii. (1655) 306 That .. the watch-tower called Repent¬ ance, be repaired, a great bell and firepan put into it. a 1661 Holyday Juvenal 58/1 The Romans .. had fire-pans, or chafing dishes, placed in their baskets. 1767-9 S. Paterson Another Travellerl II. 141 He next takes the pipe in one hand and the fire-pan in the other. 1833 J • Holland Mannf. Metal II. 158 The portable brazier, or fire-pan, which might be used in any apartment requiring to be warmed, t 2 . A pan for heating anything over a fire. Obs. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 285 Hold it in a fire¬ pan over the fire untill it be baked so hard as it may be made in powder. 1638 Rawley tr. Bacon''s Life $ Death (1650)44 To poure them upon a Fire-pan somewhat heated. f 3 . The pan which held the priming of a flint¬ lock gun. Obs. 1613 T. Jackson Comm. Apost. Creede I. 192 This was but as a little flash in the fire-panne. f 4 . A kind of firework. Obs. c 1793 in Spirit Pub. Jrnls. (1799) I. 91 They ran about.. letting off fire-pans of all sizes; firing crackers [etc.]. 5 . Alining. 1 A kind of fire-lamp ’ (Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining 1883). + Fire-pike, Obs. 1 . An instrument for stirring or making up a fire. 1413 Lydg. Pilg. Smule in. vii. (1483) 55 With fyre pykes they cast them in the forneis. 1532 Inv. in Noake Wor¬ cester Monast. (1866) 157 Two awndyems, a fyer pycke. 1563-87 Foxe A. Sf M. (1596) 65/1 When this triumphant martyr had beene pressed downe with firepikes. 2 . A firc-ljearing pike or lance used in sea-fights. Also used as a signal of distress. *63° J. Taylor (Water P.) Wks. (Spenser Soc.) 528 The Frigots. .threw fire pots in at the Ports and stucke fire pikes in her sides. 1635 Ld. Lindsey in Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts 111. (1704)335/1 If your Ship should happen to run aground .. in the night, You shall burn a Fire-Pike. 164,4 Prynne & Walker Fiennes * Trial App. 10 They made their often attempts with Scaling Ladders, Fire-pickes,Granadoes. Fi re-place. A place for a fire, esp. the par¬ tially enclosed space at the base of the chimney appropriated to the fire; a hearth. 1702 T. Savery Miner* s Friend 34 An Engine of a three Inch-bore, .requires a Fire-place of not above twenty Inches deep. 1710 Swift Lett. (1767) III. 39 ,1 have no fire-place in my bed-chamber. 1825 J. Neal Bro. Jonathan 11 . 28 They sat round the great fire-place. 1844 Mem. Baby Ionian P'cess II. 1^17 A temporary fire-place constructed with loose stone. Fire-pot. + a. An earthen pot containing combustibles or explosives used as a missile. Obs. exc. Hist. b. The receptacle for the fire in a fur¬ nace or heating-stove. c. A crucible (Knight Aleck. Diet. 1874). 1627 Capt. Smith Seaman s Gram. xii. 57 You must be carefull to cleare the decks with, .fire-pots. 1669 Stukmy Mariner s Mag. v. 86 Fire-Pots .. may be made of Potters- Clay, with Ears baked, and to it hang lighted Matches. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Stepp., Fire-pots. b. 1871 Nichols Fireside Science 229 Around the ash- chamber and fire-pot [of furnace].. 1874 Knight Mech. Diet., Base-burning Stove, one having a magazine to hold a supply of fuel, which falls out at the bottom as that in the fire-pot becomes consumed. Fi’re-pote. dial. [f. Fike sb. + Pote v. dial. to push ] A poker, an iron bar for stirring the fire. 1651 Depos. Cast. York. (Surtees) 51 Mending the fire with the fire-poite. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss.. Fire-poat, the poker. 1865 Waugh Goblin’s Grave 15 Iv aw’d had a red-whot fire-pote or two. Fi ‘re-proof, a. [f. Fire sb. + Proof a.] Proof against fire; incombustible. a 1638 Mede Paraphr. 2 Pet. iii. App. Wks. (1672) in. 618 That such as had departed out of this life not fully purged . .should not be found fire-proof at that day. 1642 Fuller Holy <5* Prof. St. 11. iv. 159 The one of brick fire-proof. 1823 J. Badcock Dom. Amusevt. 184 To render Wood Fire-proof, .or. .incombustible. 18.. Moore Case of Libel x, A grim old dandy, seen about With a fire-proof wig. fig . 1830 Carlyle Misc. (1857) II. 152 Perennial, fire-proof Joys, named Employments. Hence Pi - re-proof v. trails ., to render proof against fire. Fire-proofing vbl. sb., a. the action or process of rendering fire-proof or incom¬ bustible ; b. material for use in making anything fire-proof; c. attrib. 1867 A. Barry Sir C. Barry vi. 167 The ‘fire-proofing* ordered by Government. 1883 Pall Mall. G. 13 Dec. 3/2 He carefully examined my fire-proofing work on the dome [of St. Paul’s Cathedral]. 1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 831 Models showing application of‘Silicate Cotton* for.fire¬ proofing. 1887 Pall Mall G. 29 Oct. 5/1 With the aid of electric light and all the fire-proofing appliances of to-day. Firer (faF-rar). [f. as prec. + -er '.] One who or something which fires, in senses of the vb. 1 . One who sets anything on fire ; also, one who superintends the ‘ firing ’ of glass. 1882 Pall Mall G. 29 June 2/1 On the hills the ‘firers’ are at work, burning off the scrub. 1890 Ibid. 9 Feb. 6 /t O ne is the chemist, another the decorator, a third the ‘ firer \ fig. 1823 Roscoe Sismondis Lit. Eur. (1846) I. xiv. 401 Silvia, the forest’s honor, the soul’s firer. b. An incendiary. Obs. exc. const, of. 1602 Carew Cornwall 11. 156/2 Others, .burned..Mouse- hole, the rest marched as a gard for defence of these firers. 1716 Glossogr. Angl. Nova , Boutefeu , a wilful Firer of Houses. 1841 J. T. Hewlett Parish Clerk II. 136 A bully, and a firer of ricks. 2 . One who discharges a fire-arm. Also applied to the fire-arm itself, usu. in comb ., as single-fir er, a gun that can be fired only once without reloading. 1868 Daily News 6 Oct., One can never be sure that the firer has exercised sufficient caution in regard to the ex¬ clusion of bullets. 1885 Manch. Exam. 19 Oct. 5/5 The rifles can then be discharged, .at the option of the firer. 1887 Sci. Amer. (N. Y.) 21 May 320/2 Theoretically it [magazine gun] has a great advantage over the single firer. b. A contrivance for firing a gun. Only in comb., as quick-firer. 1887 Daily Nmus 10 Mar. 2/5 The rifle and its quick-firer should be ordinarily used in this way. Fi re-rai sillg, vbl. sb. Orig. a technical term in Sc. law. [f. Fire sb. -f Raising vbl. sb., f. Raise.] The action or crime of kindling an incendiary fire; arson, incendiarism. 1685 in Lond. Gaz. No. 2032/3 We hereby fully Pardon and Indemnifie them for ever, of all^ Slaughter, Blood, Mutilation, Fire-raising, burning of Ships. 1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 31 Rape, murder, and wilful fire- raising. 1820 Scott Monast. ix, Doest thou menace the holy Church’s patrimony with waste and fire-raising? 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xvii. 113 Outrages, robberies, fireraisings, assassinations. So Fire-raiser, an incendiary. 1891 Daily News 1 Dec. 5/3 The exemplary sentences passed, .at the Central Criminal Court on two fire-raisers. f Fire-red, a. Obs. [f. as prec. + Red a. Cf. MHG. viurroll] Red like fire. 1382 Wyclif Lev. xiv. 49 He shal take .. fier reed silk. c 1386 Chaucer Prol. 624 A Sompnour. .That hadde a fire- rea cherubinnes face. x6ox Holland Pliny I. 154 People borne with eies like owles, whereof the sight is fire red. 1626 Sandys tr. Ovid's Met. xiv. 779 Iron, boyld In fire-red furnaces. Fi*re-screen. 1 . A movable screen, whether hanging, standing, or for use with the hand, to intercept the heat of the fire. 1758 Johnson Idler No. 13 ? 8 We have twice as many fire-screens as chimneys. 1824 Scott St. Ronan's xxii, A couple of her ladyship’s drawings, made up into fire¬ screens. 1833 N. Arnott Physics II. 44 In our drawing¬ rooms it is common to have plate-glass fire-screens, which, while they allow the light to pass, defend the face from the heat. 2 . A wire frame placed in front of a fire to keep back sparks, falling cinders, etc.; a fire-guard. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 871/1 Fire-screen. 3 . Naut. (see quot.) 1815 Falconet*s Marine Diet. (ed. Burney) 436 s. v. Screen, Fire-screens are pieces of fearnought .. hooked round the magazine passages, and also round the hatchways, where it is necessary to pass the powder. 1867 in Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. Fi - re-ship. 1 . A vessel freighted with combustibles and ex¬ plosives, and sent adrift among ships, etc. to destroy them. 1588 Parke tr. Mendoza's Hist. China 170 Captayne of the fire shippes of Chincheo. 1628 Meade in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. III. 270, I cannot hear of above some two or three of our fireships lost. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 21 r 16 Sir Edward Whitaker, with five Men of War, four Trans¬ ports, and two Fireships, was arrived at that Port, a 1859 Macaulay Hist. Eng. V. 20 Montague bitterly described him as a fireship, dangerous at best, but on the whole most dangerous as a consort. 2 . slang. One suffering from venereal disease; a prostitute. 1672 Wycherley Love hi Wood 11, Are you not a Fire¬ ship, a Punk, Madam? 1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 18 Thy Sweep-stakes still shall bare the Bell, No Fire-ship yet aboard it fell. X738 Swift Polite Conv. ii. Wks. 1883 IX. 447 No; damn your fire-ships, I have a wife of my own. 1748 Smollett Rod. Rand. I. xxiii, ‘A fire-ship! .. more like a poor galley in distress that has been boarded by such a fire-ship as you.* Fi/re-shovel. [OE. fyr-scofi , f. fyr , Fire + scofl', Shovel.] A shovel for placing coals on a fire or for removing coal or ashes. c 1000 ^Elfric Gloss, in Wr.-Wulcker 358 Batilla , fyrscofl. 1543 in Rogers Agric. Sf Prices III. 572/1 Fireshovel 1/8. 1567 Inv. E. Hutton in Wills <$• /«z/.(Surtees) 250 A paire of tonges, a porr & a fyer shule. X612 Sc. Bk. Customs in Halyburtons Ledger (1867) 304 Fire shooles the dozen. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. (1883) 227, I took a Fire Shovel and Tongs. 1838 Dickens O. Twist ix, The Jew, tapping the fire-shovel on the hearth. Fireside (fai^soi-d, attrib. foieusoid). [f. Fire sb. + Side.] 1 . The side of a fire-place ; originally, the place occupied by the two seats right and left of the fire under the chimney; hence, the space about the fire ; the hearth. 1563 O. Foxe in Child Marr. 58 This contract was made toward eveninge nere the fireside, a 1639 T. Carew Poems, Spring 20 Love no more is made By the fire side. X705 Hickeringill Priest-cr. 11. i. 12 The news .. coming to the Pope, as he was saying his Beads by the Fire-side. 1798 Malthus Popul. (1817) III. 74 The warm, house, and the comfortable fireside, would lose half of their interest. 1859 W. Collins Q. of Hearts (1875) 3 My brothers had made my place ready for me by their fireside. 2 . transf. a. As a symbol of home and home-life. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 149 They would fight man¬ fully for their shops and firesides. 1894 Daily News 6 June 6/4 The English are regarded as the nation most appre- ciatory of the home, the fireside. + b. colled. Those who sit round one’s fire or hearth ; one’s household. Obs. 1720 Lett, front Lond. Jrnl. 13 He has a numerous Fireside of squabbling Brats. 1722 Pope Lett. (1735^ I. 276 Enjoy your own Fire-side, .that is, all those of your Family who make it pleasing to sit and spend whole Wintry Months together. 1785 Mad. D’Arblay Lett. 3 Jan., A very happy new year to you and your fireside. 3 . attHb. (quasi- adj.) 1740 Mrs. DelanyZ,^ <$• Corr. (i 860 II. 137, I own such a downright fire-side epistle from her disappointed me. 1807 Crabbe Par. Reg. III. 621 The fire-side chair, still set, but vacant still. 1840 Dickens Bam. Rudge i, The fire-side group. 1871 Lowell My Study W., A. Lincoln, The simple confidence, the fireside plainness, with which Mr. Lincoln always addresses himself to the reason of the American people. Hence ( nonce-wds.) Firesi’der, one who sits by the fireside. Firesi'deship, the personality of one who sits by the fireside. 1817 Hazlitt Round Table in Q. Rev. XVII. 157 Fire- sider [cited by the reviewer as coined by Hazlitt.] a 1859 L. Hunt Fancy Concert, What concert ’twould please his Firesideship to have. + Fi’re-slaught. Sc. Obs. [f. Fire sb. + ME. slaht, OE. sleaht stroke, blow : see Slaught.] A flash of fire or lightning; lightning. a 1300 Cursor M. 1769 (Cott.) Fire slaght fell wit thoner and rain, c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Laurentius 16 Alsa it has vertu .. Fore to resyst agane fyre-slacht. 1549 Compl. Scot. vi. 60 The fyir slaucht vii consume the vyne. 1872 Tennant Papistry storm’d 24 As thunder on the fire- slacht’s back. FIRE-STONE 246 FIRING Fi*r e-stone. [OE .fyrstan ( = Ger. fewer stein ), i.fyr, Fire + stdn, Stone.] f 1 . A stone capable of being used in striking fire: a. A popular name for iron pyrites, b. A flint, esp. the flint of a fire-lock. Obs. c 1000 /Elfric Gloss, in Wr.-Wiilcker 148 Piriies , uel focaris lapis , fyrstan. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 161/2 Fyyr- stone, for to smyte wythe fyre, focaris. 1579 Lily Euphues (Arb.) 121 Y° fire-stone in Liguria, though it be quenched with milke, yet againe it is kindled with water. 1671 J. Webster Metallogr. 114 Marchasites or Fire Stones. 1728 J. Woodward Catal. Fossils (1729) 1. 176 In Yorkshire, where these [Pyritce] are called Fire-Stones. 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Man. ix. 246 Iron pyrites .. shared with flint, the name of Fire-stone. b. 1530 Palsgr. 220/2 Fyre stone, pierre a fev. 1586 Withals Diet. H vij/2 A fire-stone to strike fire with, silex. 1700 Astry tr. Saavedra-Faxardo I. 283 The Prince’s Heart should resemble the Fire-stone or Flint. 1833 J. Holland Matiuf. Metal II. v. 87 Afterwards a firestone was screwed into the cock .. This * firestone ' was not at first of a vitreous nature .. but a compact pyrites or mar- casite. 2 . a. A stone that resists the action of fire; one used for lining furnaces, ovens, etc. b. A local name for certain calcareous sandstones found in the carboniferous and cretaceous strata, c. A local name for granite, tufa, etc. a. c 1475 Piet. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 805 Hie abbestus a fyirstone. 1651 R. Child in Hartlib's Legacy (1655) 75 Sandy stones commonly called fire-stones, because they will endure strong fires. 1674 I. Sturdie in Phil. Trans. XVII. 696 A Wall of the best Fire-stone to keep off the force of the Fire from the Walls of the Furnace. 1702 Savery Miners Friend 26 The Furnace being made of .. Fire-stone. 1862 G. P. Scrope Volcanos 384 Employed, under the name of Bakofenstein, as a fire-stone for the lining of ovens. b. 1707 Mortimer Husb. vi. 95 Any soft Stone as Fire¬ stone, Limestone, etc., if broke small, and laid on cold Lands, must be of advantage. 1833 Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 286 An inferior deposit called, provincially, ‘ Firestone,’ and by English geologists the ‘ Upper green-sand.' 1839 Mur¬ chison Silnr. Syst. 1. xxxiv. 452 A subordinate band of reddish sandstone, the firestone of the country people. 1892 Simmonds Diet. Trade Suppl., Firestone , a local name in Surrey for the soft calcareous sandstone, .sold.. under the name of hearthstone. C. 1776 G. Semple Building in Water 56 The Carriage¬ way. .was to be paved with Fire-stone, i860 Ecclesiologist XXI. 143 The walling generally is built of a volcanic stone called [in the West Indies] firestone. 3 . A hearth-stone. 1613 Rovenzon Treat. Metal. D iij, The furnace may bee pulled downe, & a new fire-stone or hearth put in. 1842 S. C. Hall Ireland II. 6 The stones .. have been removed by the peasantry to make 1 Fire-stones.’ Fi •re-tongs, pi. [OE. ffacing, f. fyr, Fire + tang, Tong.] Tongs used for handling ignited combustibles. a woo Gerefa in Anglia (1886) IX. 263 Fyrtange, wasi- pundern; and fela towtola. 1463 Rolls Pari. V. 507/1 Eny of theese Wares .. That is to sey, eny .. Fyretonges. 1671 J. Webster Metallogr. xvii. 250 Of which [Brass] is made fire-tongs. 1853 J- D. Dale tr. Baldeschi s Ceremo¬ nial 199 Two thuribles, with the boats and fire-tongs. Frre-water. 1 . ‘ A name given to alkahest ’ (Chambers Cycl. Supp. 1753). 2 . Any strong liquor or ardent spirits. Originally used by (or attributed to) the North American Indians: chiefly current with reference to the pernicious effects of alcoholic liquors on barbarous races, or in vituperative or jocular use. 1826 J. F. Cooper Mohicans xi, His [Magua’s] Canada fathers, .taught him to drink the fire-water, and he became a rascal. 1849 Whittier Marg. Smith’s Jrnl. Prose Wks. 1889 I. 32 Never taste of the strong fire-water, but drink only of the springs. 1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Oxfi. x, His father .. had a horror .. of the fire-water which is generally sold to the undergraduate. Frre-wood, fi'rewood. Wood for burning ; fuel. Also attrib. 1496 Nottingham Rcc. III. 290 For brekyng of fire wodde in the owte wodes. 1553 Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 19 This tree serueth thejn for firewood. 1602 Fulbecke 2 nd Pt. Parall. 52 And the termor hath house-wood .. and fire-woode belonging to his tearme of common right. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) I. ix. 143 I. .placed my fire-wood all round it. 1815 Elphinstone Acc. Caubul (1842) II. 175 During the day, they issue forth in swarms to search for forage and fire-wood. 1889 Evening News 3 Dec. 4/5 Firewood Cutters. Fi re-work, frrework. + 1 . Work done by, in, or with fire. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 467 But for that the .. smoke .. may stifle and choke them .. they are forced to giue ouer such fire-work. 1607 Breton Murmurer Diiij, His heart the Anuile wheron the deuill frames his fireworke. 1609 Rowlands Creav Kind Gossips 15 lie vndertake, The credit of this fire-worke Jtobacco-smokingl quite to shake. 1686 Plot Staffordsh. ix. § 10. 336 To the fire-works succeed the Arts relating to water. 12 . An apparatus for working with fire, a furnace; also, a place where the material for fire is obtained. Obs. 1607 Dekker Knt's. Conjur. (1842) 21 The map of a country that lyes lower .. than the cole-pits of Newe castle, is farre more darke. .then the colliers of those fire-workes are. 1613 Rovenzon Treat. Metal. Civ, The furnaces or fire-workes may be made rounde. 1674 Petty Disc. Dupl. Proportion 36 ,1 know that in Fire-works great Fires are more profitable than small; as in Brewers Coppers. 3 . + A combustible or explosive composition for use in war (obs .); a projectile or other machine charged with such composition. 1560 Whitehorne Ord. Souldiours title-p., And more¬ over how to make Saltpetre, Gunpowder, and divers sorts of Fireworks or Wild Fire. 1636 Featly Clavis Myst. xiv. 189 Granadoes and other fire-works .. do more harm to them that cast them than to the enemie. 1676 Loud. Gaz. No. 1119/3 The Enemy set fire to a Firework they had prepared in the Court of Guard of the said Bastion. C1710 in Torrington Mem. (1889) 140 Some boats mann’d, arm’d, and with fireworks..to burn a French privateer. 1777 Burke Corr. (1844) II. 142 The construction of all fireworks is understood at the ordnance- office. 1851 J. S. Macaulay Field Fortif. 181 In the attack of fortified houses, the fire of the loop-holes may be stopped by the introduction of small rockets, or any other artificial firework, that will create, .smoke. fig. 1633 G. Herbert Temple , Starre iii, First with thy fire-work burn to dust Folly. 1679 Establ. Test. 3 These Men of Tempestuous Principles are continually making their Fireworks in our very Intrals. 4 . Any contrivance for the use of fire to produce a pleasing or scenic effect. + a. A 1 set piece* ; an arrangement of pyrotechnic contrivances to form a pictorial or ornamental design. Also piece of firework. 1575 Gascoigne Pr. Pleas. Kenilw., At which time there wer fire-works shewed upon the water; the which were both strange and wel executed. 1590 Webbe Trav. (Arb.) 29, I my selfe was there constrained to make a cunning peece of fire work framed in form like to ye Arke of Noy. 1644 Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 137 The night ended with fire¬ works .. The first appeared to be a mighty rock. 1675 Loud. Gaz. No. 1027/4 A rare Fire-work was erected on the little Isle .. representing the Alliance of the Confederates. 1795 in Ld. Aucklands Corr. (1862) III. 314 The shrubs of the island were rooted out to make a place for a fire-work. b. A single piece of pyrotechnic apparatus, e. g. a rocket, squib, etc. 1611 Middleton & Dekker Roaring Girl v. 1, A justice .. used that rogue like a firework, to run upon a line betwixt him and me. 1684 Contcmpl. State of Man 11. ix. (1699) 232 A Wheel of Squibs and Fire-Works. 1731 Swift Answ. to Simile, Like fire-works she can burn in water. 1849 F. B. Head Stokers <$- Pokers x. (1851) 93 Sparks created by the sudden ignition of a sackful of fire-works. c. pi. (formerly also sing.) A pyrotechnic dis- pky. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L.v. 1 .119 The King would haue mee present the princesse .. with some delightfull ostentation .. or fire-worke. 1625 K. Long tr. Barclays Argenis in. xxiv. 228 In expectation of fire-workes, which hee had promised not far from the shore. 1761 Foote Lyan. Wks. 1799 I. 287 After supper a ball; and to conclude the night, a firework. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 476 The banquet [was followed] by brilliant fireworks, and the fireworks by much bad poetry. 1851 D. Jerrold St. Giles xx. 206 The omission of the bonfires and the fireworks did pain me. transf. 1872 Huxley Phys. ix. 222 The remarkable dis¬ play of subjective fireworks which follows a heavy blow upon the eyes. d. Jig. 1670 Eachard Coni. Clergy 31 He has neither squibs nor fireworks .. the curs’d carrier lost his best book of phrases. 1682 Dryden Abs. <$• Achit. n. 450 In fireworks give him leave to vent his spite *, Those are the only serpents he can write. 1883 F. M. Crawford Dr. Claudius ix, Barker turned on the fireworks of his conversation for the amuse¬ ment of Claudius. 1889 Barr&re & Leland Slang Diet., Fireworks {tailors), a great disturbance, a state of in¬ tense excitement. 5 . attrib. and Comb., as firework-factory, -maker. 1885 Pall Mall G. 4 Nov. 4/1 Norwood, where Mr. Brock has his thirty acres of ^firework factories. 1892 Ibid. 1 Nov. 5/2 We are busy manufacturing the smaller *fire- work gQods all the year round. 1803 tr. Lebrun's Monsieur Botte II. 230 The *fire-work maker loaded ten porters with grenades. 1885 Pall Mall G. 4 Nov. 4/1 None more healthy than the firework maker. Hence Fi/reworkless a., devoid of fireworks. Fireworky a., like a firework, abrupt, jerky. 1856 Dickens Lett. (1880) I. 437 Whom I found with some fireworkless little boys in a desolate condition. 1887 Graphic 15 Jan. 66/2 The Major departed in his usual fireworky way. 1889 in Pall Mall G. 13 May 6/2 He dis¬ ported himself.. in his kaleidoscopic and fireworky fantasia. Frre-wo^rker. [f. FirejA + Worker, after Firework.] + 1 . One who has to do with fireworks or ex¬ plosives in war ; spec, an artillery officer, under the fire-master. Obs. 1626 Purchas Pilgrimage (ed. 4) 527 They tooke some of these Fire-workers, & one of which being examined, confessed after M. Prings Relation thus. 1686 Lond. Gaz. No. 2124/2 They will be 8000 fighting Men, besides .. Gunners and Fire-workers. 1703 Ibid. No. 3913/2 A Lieu¬ tenant, with 5 Fireworkers, killed. 1800 Dundas in Owen Wellesley s Desp. 564 Each company to have an additional Lieut.-Fireworker. 2 . One who makes fireworks ; a pyrotechnist. 1772 in J. T. Smith Bk. Rainy Day (1861) 52 Torre the fireworker divided the receipts at the door with the pro¬ prietor. 1835 Burnes Trav. Bokhara (ed. 2) I. 176 All the fire-workers of Lahore seemed to be exerting their talents in pyrotechny. So + Fire-working vbl. sb., the management of fireworks or explosives (obs.) ; Fire-working ppl. a., working with fire. 1758 Whitworth Acc. Russia 60 He. .understands nava- gation, shipbuilding, fortification, and fire-working. 1850 W. Maginn Homeric Ball. 169 A vessel wrought By the fire-working god. Fi re-wo:rship. [f. as prec. -t- Worship sb.] The worship or adoration of fire. 1774 J* Bryant Mythol. I. 210 Here was the source of fire-worship. 1871 Tylor Prim. Cult. II. 254 The fire- worship of Assyria, Chaldea, Phoenicia. So Fire-worshipper, one who worships fire, a follower of Zoroaster. 1806 T. Maurice Fall Mogul Introd. 19 Persees, who, though in these pages denominated fire-worshippers, are [etc.]. 1879 Sir G. G. Scott Lect. Archil. I. 13 The Fire- worshippers of ancient Persia. Firing (faU'riij), vbl. sb. [f. Fire v. + -ing L] 1 . a. The action of setting on fire or alight. 1548 Hall Chron. 18 b, Perceyving by the firyng of the beacons that the people began to assemble. 1677 Yar- ranton Engl. Improv. 16 'Ihe ruine of some thousand Families since the firing of London. 1817 Cobbett Wks. XXXII. 150 Those meetings led. .to the firing and pulling down of houses. b. The action of catching fire or becoming ignited. Obs. or rare. 1588 G. Fletcher in Hakluyt's Voy. (1598) I. 480 The greatest inconuenience of their wodden building is the aptnesse for firing, which happeneth very oft. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 61 Then doe wee drawe up a leape aboute the middle of each roomstead. .whearby the dainger of firing is prevented. 1677 Hale Prim. Orig. Man. 1. iii. 95 By the eruption of. .Sulphureous Vapours, and the firing thereof, these protuberances of Mountains and Hills may be made. 1750 Ellis Mod. Husb. iii. i. 87 Firing, the spontaneous combustion of hay when stacked damp. 2 . The action of subjecting to the operation of fire ; preparation, baking, or curing by heat. 1782 Wedgwood in Phil. Trans. LXXII. 307 Their use is confined to a particular structure of furnaces, and mode of firing. 1839 Stonehouse Axholme 228 This window has had four firings at a very high temperature. 1885 Harpers Mag. Apr. 679/1 The glazing and firing of pottery has been a fine art. 1888 Times (weekly ed.) 23 Nov. 9/4 The process called ‘ firing' [of tea], .is a kind of roasting. 3 . Farriery. Cauterizing. (See Fire v. 10.) 1644 Prynne & Walker Fiennes' Trial 65 Who should not use cauteries or firing till the utmost extremity. 1866 Rogers Agric. < 5 * Prices I. xv. 282 In 1385. .firing was used to cure horses of spavin. 1891 Daily News 21 Apr. 5/4 Firing, for curb especially, need not be a severe operation. 4 . Applied to a disease in tobacco and in flax : see quots. and cf. Fire v. 4 b. 1688 J. Clayton in Phil. Trans. XVII. 947 What they call Firing is this: When.. there has been a very wet and cold Season, and very hot Weather suddenly ensues, the Leaves [of tobacco] turn brown, and dry to dust. 1812 Dubourdieu Agric. Sunr. Antrim 197 Flax is subject to a disease called firing, which often attacks it when near ripe. 1888 Paton & Dittmar in Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 424/2 Tobacco plants .. have been subject to .. a disease called ‘ firing,' caused by the long continuance of very wet or very dry weather. 5 . The action of supplying with fire; the feeding and tending of a fire or furnace. 1892 Labour Commission Gloss., Firing , attending to the fires and keeping them up to the required heat for carbonising coal. 6. The discharging a fire-arm, a mine, etc. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) 69 All things being now in readinesse for the firing of the mine. 1684 Scanderbeg Rediv. vi. 143 The fierce Firings of the said Battalions. 1790 Beatson Nav. <$• Mil. Mem. I. 157 Night coming on, the firing on both sides ceased. 1885 Manch. Exam. 3 Oct. 4/7 The train drew up. .amid, .the firing of guns. b. transf. in Bell-ringing. The ringing of all the bells in a peal at once. 1788 W. Jones, etc. Clavis Campaualogia 4 Those clamberings and firings (as it is called) that destroy all music. 1880 in Grove Diet. Mus. 7 . concr. Material for a fire, fuel. *11555 Ridley in Contemp. Rev. (1878) XXXI. 771 To give him both meat, drink, clothing, and firing. 1591 Greene Disc. Coosnage (1592) 23 Fewel or fiering, being a thing necessary. 1667 Pefys Diary 24 Aug., The bells rung; but no bonfires. .any where,—partly from the dearness of firing. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. II. 212 Want of firing is the greatest inconveniency that both islands labour under. 1833 Ht. Martineau Brooke Farm ii. 18 Their mother explained that the boys cut firing on the common. + b. A quantity of burning fuel. Obs. rare. c 1485 Digly Myst. (1882) 11. 433 Here shall entere a-nother devyll. .with a fyeryng. 8. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 1) firing-chamber ; (sense 3) firing-iron ; (sense 5) firing-door , - holey -machine, -tool, etc. ; (sense 6) firing line, party, -pin, etc.; firing-place, a fire-place (obs.) ; also, the place from which a gun is fired ; firing-point, the temperature at which an inflammable oil is liable to spontaneous combustion. 1892 Lockwood's Diet. Mech. Eng in.,* Firing Chamber or Lighting Chamber, the small cavity or chamber through which the charge of a gas engine is ignited. 1892 Pall Mall G. 13 Dec. 6/2 A small but well-preserved hypocaust, with its ^firing-door. 1892 Lockwoods Diet. Mech. Engin., * Firing Hole, the door in the side of a reverberatory furnace through which the fuel is introduced to the grate area. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Supp., s. v., When the farrier has made his *firing-iron red hot in his forge, he applies the thinnest part to the horses skin. 1881 Ld. Haktington in Daily Tel. 6 May 2, General Stewart was obliged to put every reserve man into the ^firing line. 1859 F* A. Griffiths Artil. Man. (1862) 48 The "Firing party move to the grave. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bh., Firing-party, a detachment of soldiers, marines, or small-arm men selected to fire over the grave of an individual buried with military honours. 1890 J. G. Smith in Upland Shooting 138 Carry an extra *firing-pin, as you may break one. 1715 Leon Palladio's Archil. (1742) II. 99 Hearths and * Firing-places. PIRISH. 247 FIRM. 1879 Browning M. Relph 78 The turf marked out for the party’s firing-place. 1878 ure's Did. Arts IV. 570 Mineral oil, one or two degrees above the standard ^firing-point, may, if stored in a populous locality, cause sad disaster. t Fi'rish, a. Obs.— ° [f. Fire sb. + -ish.] Savouring of fire. Hence ■[ Ti rishness. 1568 Turner Herbal 111. 65 There is a firishnes in it. t Firk, ferk, sb. Obs. [f. next vb.] 1 . A smart sudden blow or stroke, as with a whip ; a flick, flip ; a cut or thrust (with a sword). at 634 Randolph Muses Looking-glasse 1. iv, My Apish imitation .. Does as good service .. As your proud whip, with all his ferkes, and jerkes. a 1679 Earl Orrery Guz¬ man (1693) 40 Both of them had a Fierk at each of my Haunches. 2 . A trick, dodge, subterfuge. Also, a freak, prank, caprice. 1611 Barrey Ram-Alley in. in Hazl. Dodsley X. 329 Leave this firk of law. 1636 Davenant Witts in Dodsley Old Plays (1780) VIII. 498 This was such a firk of piety I ne’er heard of. 1682 H. More Annot. Glanvill's Lux O. 211 A pretty juvenile Ferk of Wit. 3 . ? A dance ; ? a partner for a dance. 1632 Shirley Hyde Park 11. ii, Come, choose your firk, for dance you shall. Firk, ferk (folk), v. Forms : a. i fasreian, fercian, 4 ferkien, 4-6 ferke, (5 fark), 7- ferk. ( 3 . 6-7 firke, (7 flrek), 9 dial, virk, 6- firk. [OE. fercian,fsercian, prob. f. fser (see Fare sbf). In OE. known only in one example in the sense ‘ to bring, conduct *; but the vb. fercian to support, feed, may perh. be the same word, as this sense may have developed from that of supplying with provisions for a journey (cf. Fare sb. 1 8.) + 1 . trans. To bring, carry, conduct; to help forward on one's way. Obs. O. E. Chron. an. 1009 pet folc .. faercodon [v. r. fer- codon] 3 a scipo eft to Lundene. c 1350 Will . Palerne 3630 pei .. bisiliche fondede fast to ferke him forjnvard. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 295 This lord .. The which upon the see she [Fortune] ferketh. c 1400 Destr. Troy 614 The flese for to fecche, and ferke it away. Ibid. 3840 So bolnet was his body, pat burthen hade ynoghe The fete of pat freke to ferke hym aboute. Ibid. 6032 All necessaries..[pai] ffechit fro the flete, & ferkit to bonke. 2 . fa. To urge, press hard; to drive, drive away. Obs. x 34 °~ 7 ° Alisauuder 66 By force of hur fight 5 ei firked hym Sennes. Ibid. 85 [pei] Felled pe falsse folke, ferked hem hard. 1606 Chapman Gentleman Usher 1. i, The red fac’d Sunne hath firkt the flundering shades. 1640 Brome Antipodes ui. ii, This shall serve To firke your adversary from court to court. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk 4 * Selv. 74 There is somewhat in it, that firks us more at such a nick of time to wake. b. With advbs.: To drive, force, or move sharply and suddenly off, out , up ; f to cut off (some one’s head). Also dial, to drive or ‘ ferret ’ out (vermin), to clear out (a burrow, etc.). To firk up {fig.) : to stir up, rouse. + To firk to death , {out) of life : to put to death. c 1400 Destr. Troy 145 He caste in his thoghte The freike vpon faire wise ferke out of lyue. Ibid. 5260 With a fouchon felle to ferke of his hede. Ibid. 12191 pe fell kyng of Frigie I ferkid of lyue. Ibid. 12362 With hor fos to be felly ferkit to dethe. 1610 B. Jonson^I Ich.u. i, He. .puffeshiscoales,Tillhe firke nature vp, in her owne center. 1640 Brome A ntipodcs 11. ii, As Tumblers doe ; when betwixt every feat They gather wind, by firking up their breeches. i644DigbyJ , ‘Zw7>^/^ (1645) 1. 377 He [the badger] will pisse upon his taile, and by firking that up and downe, will endeavour .. to make their eyes smart. 1817-8 Cobbett Resid. U. S. (1822) 249 These vermin our friend firks out (as the Hampshire people call it). 1823 New Monthly Mag. VIII. 496 If I do not ferk you out of all likelihood of ringing the beauty, why mandamus me ! 1878 P. Robinson Indian Garden 106 Not all the marigolds of Cathay will firk up Christmas spirits. 1891 Sheffield Gloss. Suppl., Ferk , to clear out .. ‘Come, lass, let’s ferk all them nooks out ! * f c. To contrive to get or < raise’ (a living); to get (money) from a person. Also, to cheat, rob (any one). To firk tip : to hatch or vamp up (a business). Obs. 1604 Dekker Honest Wh. in Dodsley Old Plays (1780) III. 344 As from poor clients lawyers firk money. ai6i6 Beaum. & Fl. Little Fr. Lawyer hi. ii, A fine lawyer, sir, And would have firk’d you up a business, And out of this court into that. 1622 Fletcher Beggars' Bush hi. i, Were ever fools so ferk’d? 1624 — Rule a Wife in. iv, These five years she has firkt a pretty Living. 1709 Brit. Apollo II. No. 65. 3/2 She Firkt a Living upon Earth. f 3 . refi. and intr. To urge oneself forward ; to move quickly, hasten. + To firk {oneself) up : to start up, set oneself in motion. To firk out with {a sword) • to draw hastily. Obs. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. B. 897 Fast pe freke ferkez vp ful ferd at his hert. c 1340 Gaw. 4* Gr. Knt. 173 pe foie pat he ferkkes on. Ibid. 2013 pat oper ferkez hym vp & fechez hym his wedez. 1340-70 Alex. 4- Dind. 300 Ne foure- fotede best [we] ferke to kill, c 1400 Melayne 484 He ferkes owte with a fawchon And hittis the Sawdane one the crownn. C1400 Destr. Troy 6585 The freke pen in fuerse hast ferkid on horse, a 1400-50 Alexander 766 He .. Farkis to see Philip & fangis his leue. Ibid. 926 Philip. .Ferkis furth with a fewe folk. 1599 Nashe Lenten Stiijfe Wks. (Grosart) V. 244 The bonnie Northren cobbles .. with their Indian canaos .. firking as flight swift thorow the glassy fieldes of Thetis, as if it were the land of yce. + b. intr. To move about briskly; to dance, jig; to flaunt or frisk about; to be lively, frisky, or * jiggish ’. Also to firk it. Obs. 1596 Nashe Have with you Ep. Ded., Wks. (Grosart) III. 17 Neuer surcease flaunting and firking it in fustian. 1606 Sir G. Goosecappe 11. i. in Bullen O. PI. III. 32 Your dauncers legges bow for-sooth, and Caper, and jerke and Firke. a 1625 Fletcher Woman's Prize 11. vi, They have got a stick of Fiddles and they firke it In wondrous waies. c 1630 B. Jonson Expost. Inigo Jones , How would he firk, like Adam Overdo, Up and about. 1672 Villiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Rehearsal (Arb.) 115 We’l frisk in our shell, We’l firk in our shell. ^1679 Earl Orrery Guzman iv. (end), Well since I am restrain’d a while from doing, I’ll ferk it with thinking. 4 . trans. To beat, whip, lash, trounce, drub. Obs. exc. arch. 1567 Edwards Damon 4 * Pithias in Hazl. Dodsley IV. 164 O, I had firk’d him trimly, thou villain, if thou hadst given me my sword. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V,iv. iv. 29 M. Fer : lie fer him, and firke him, and ferret him. a 1625 Fletcher Women Pleas'd in. iv, I have paid her, I have so ferk’d her face. 1638 Ford Lady's Trial 11. ii, He has firk’d And mumbled the rogue Turks. 1708 Brit. Apollo No. 9. 3/1 Who .. Bound up a tingling Rod, and firk’d his Tail. 1722 Sewel Hist. Quakers iv. 128 At this the Judge said, ‘Take him away, Prevaricator ! I’ll ferk him’. 1736 Ainsworth Lat. Diet. 1, To firk ,fiagello. 1863 Sala Capt. Dangerous I. iv. 97, I would sooner see a poor rogue soundly firked at the post. f b. To play (a fiddle). Obs. 1668 Davenant Man's the Master in. ii, Firk your fiddles! Hence Firking 1 vbl. sb. and ppl. a. Also Firker, one who firks. Firkery (see quot. 1611). 1594 Nashe Unfort. Trav. Wks. (Grosart) V. 70 Why should I goe gadding, .after firking flantado Amphibologies? 1602 Marston Ant. 4 * Mel. m. Wks. 1856 I. 34 He would proove a rare firking Satyrist. 1611 Cotgr., Bichecoterie ..firkerie, an odde pranke, or ierke, in whoorisme. 1611 Barrey Ram-Alley iv. i. F iv, She shall haue bayle .. And a firking writte Of false imprisonment, n 1625 Fletcher Mad Lover v. iv, No firking out at fingers ends. 1632 Rowley Woman never Vext iv. i. 51 These briske factors are notable firkers. 1636 Davenant Witts (1673) 197 Sir, these are the firkers of the City Fiddles. 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes in. i. 68 Your soberest Jades are firkers in Corners. 1664 Butler Hud. 11. 11. 448 Give thy outward- fellow a ferking. a 1704 T. Brown Sat. French King Wks. 1730 I. 59 That I had the firking of thy bumb with holly. 1719 D’Urfey Pills (1872) IV. 263 In Paul’s Churchyard .. dwells a noble Firker. Take heed .. Lest you taste of his Lash. fFrrkett. Obs. =next. 1523 Nottinghm. Kec. No. 1396, 6 Unum cadum, Anglice a firkett, nigri sopi. Firkin (fg-jkin), sb. Forms: 5 ferdekyn, fer- ken, 6 fi-, fyrken, fyrkin, Sc. ferrekyn, (7 firk¬ ing, 8 ferkin), 9 Sc. firikin, 6-firkin. [In 15th c. ferdekyn , app. a. MDu. *vierdekijn, dim. of vierde fourth, fourth part: see -kin.] 1 . A small cask for liquids, fish, butter, etc., ori¬ ginally containing a quarter of a ‘ barrel ’ or half a 1 kilderkin ’• 1423 Act 2 Hen. VI, c. 14 Ferdekyns de Harank. 1502 Arnolde Chron. (1811) 85 To enacte that euery. .barell, kilderkyn and firken of ,ale and bere kepe ther full mesur. 15.. Aberdeen Reg. (Jam.), Ane ferrekyn of saip. 1653 Walton Angler 223 Put them..into some tub or firkin. 1745 De Foes Eng. Tradesman (1841) I. xxvi. 258 Butter, in firkins. 1817 W. Selwyn Law Nisi Prius II. 1177 He carried the firkins as far as Bowes. 1879 J. Burroughs Locusts 4- W. Honey 10 As the dairy-maid packs butter into a firkin. i886 / Pall Mall G. 20 Aug. 4/1 The farm labourer carries his day’s allowance to the Jield in a sort of miniature cask, known to him as a ‘ firkin \ which may hold from a quart to a gallon. b. humorously applied to a person. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Wks. in. 78/2 Most of them are transformed to Barrels, Firkings, and Kinderkins, alwayes fraight with Hamburge beere. a 1700 B. E. Diet . Cant. Crew, Firkin offoul Stuff, a..Coarse Corpulent Woman. 1830 Galt Lawrie Todd II. yi. viii. 315 Rather than see our school defiled with yon firikin of foul stuff. 2 . Used as a measure of capacity: Half a kilder¬ kin. (The ‘ barrel ’, ‘ kilderkin ’, and * firkin ’ varied in capacity according to the commodity.) 1465 Mann. 4- Househ. Exp. 299 Paid for a fferken ale, x.d. 1525 Tindale John ii. 6 Pottes of stone .. contayn- ynge two or thre fyrkyns a pece. 1542 Recorde Gr. Artes (1575) 204 Of Ale the Fyrken conteineth 8 gallons. 1600 T. Hyll Arith. 1. xiii. 66b, 8 gallons in measure make 1 firkin of ale, sope, herring ; 9 gallons. .1 firkin of beere ; ioi gallons, 1 firkin of salmon or Eeles. 1668 Denham Second West. Wonder 4 in Poems 107 Another., was done with a Firkin of powder. 1713 Warder True A mazons 32 Honey, that will make us a Ferkin of good Mead. 1727 Bradley Fam. Diet. s. v., Two Firkins make a. Kilderkin. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xvi, ‘ They made me drink a firkin of Malvoisie.’ 3 . attrib. and Comb., as firkin-man, -trade (see quot. 1706); ale-firkin : see Ale. 1670 J. Smith England's Improv. Reviv'd 164, 4 wooden Vessels of Firkin size. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Firkin- man, one that trades with a Brewer for small Beer, to furnish his own Customers. 1743 Lond. 4* Country Breiv. 11. (ed. 2) 158 The honest Brewer qf Firkin-man. Ibid., This Monster in Iniquity sold his Firkin-Trade. Hence {nonce-wds.) Frrkin v., trans. to store up in firkins. Firkineer [see -eer], one who sells by the firkin. 1563-87 Foxe A. 4- M. (1684) III. 732, I cannot firken up my butter..and let the poor want. _ 1842 Blackw. Mag. LII. 468 The orders—the princely prices, came from king¬ doms that were magnificent—not from costermongering republics, .not from illiberal guilds of salt-butter firkineers. Firlot (foutyt). Sc. Forms: 5 ferlot, 6 feirt-, fert-, ferthelett, fertleitt, furlet, fyrlot, 7-8 furlot, 8 farlet, 6- firlot. [First in L. ferthe- lota , app. repr. ON. fioipe hlotr fourth part: see Lot. The OE. hlot does not appear to have been used in the sense of ‘ (fractional) part ’.] 1 . A measure of capacity for corn, etc, the fourth part of a boll. [1264 Comput. Vicecom. de Forfar (Jam.), In servicio regis iij celd. ij boll, et j ferthelota.] 1426 Sc. Acts Jas. I (1597) § 70 They ordaned. .foure firlottes to conteine a boll. 1484 Act Audit. 36/2, iii ferlotis of mele. c 1540 in W. H. Maxwell Sports 4* Adv. Scotl. xxviii. (1855) 229 Oats, 47 chalders 1 boll 2 firlots. 1708 J. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. 11. iii. ii. 510 The Firlot of Linlithgow, .contains Thirty-one Pints Sterling Jugg, for the Measuring of Wheat, Rye, Meal, etc. 1824 Mech. Mag. No. 46. 279 You can determine the weight of a firlot of grain in the short space of half a minute. 1876 Grant Burgh Sch. Scotl. 11. 458 note , Another [gives] a firlot, and another two firlots of meal. b. A certain measure used for other commodities; also, a great quantity. 1549 Inv. of Brine (Somerset Ho.), xij ferthelettes of grece butter. 1585 Inv.-of Postilthwaite (Somerset Ho.), Itm v. feirtletts couerlete 3arne. a 1832 Fire of Frcndi'aught iii. in Child Ballads vu. exevi (1890) 46/1 Ye’s hae a firlot o the glide red gowd. 1883 J. Purves in Contemp. Rev. Sept. 353 Poachers .. who in a night secure a ‘ firlot ’ of part¬ ridges. 2 . A vessel used to measure a firlot of corn, etc. 1573 Tyrie Refit. Auszu. Knox 40 b, Na man doth licht ane lanterne, putting it vnder ane firlot. 1577-95 Descr. Isles Scotl. in Skene Celtic Scotl. III. App. 437 To take sa mony firlotts as micht stand side by side. 1670 Ray Prov. 287 Mony words fills not the furlot. 1815 Scott Guy M. ii, The old castle, where the family lived, in their de¬ cadence, as a mouse lives under a firlot. Firm (foim), sb . 1 Also 6 firme. [ad. It., Sp. and Pg. firma , a Com. Rom. n. of action f. L. firmdre to confirm, in late L. to ratify by one’s signature, f. firm-tis Firm#. Cf. Farm sb .' z ,which is another form of the same word. The word first occurs in translations from Sp. writers ; in sense 2 it was prob. taken, like other commercial words, from Italian.] + 1 . Signature, sign-manual. Obs. 1574 Hellowes Gueuara's Fam. Ep. 62 The firme of my hand I cannot denie. Ibid. 257 This letter, .is. .without date or firme. 1588 Parke tr. Mendoza’s Hist. China 81 He .. doth firme the petition with his own firme with red inke. [1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1864) 50 The Articles ..were confirmed by the King’s Firma.] 1688 Lond. Gaz. No. 2354/2 He..puts the Grand Signior’s Firm or Name to all Imperial Commands. 1707 Freind Peterborow's Cond. Sp. 143 We order these Presents to be passed with our Royal Firm. 1755 tr. Italian certificate in Magens Insurances I. 304 The frequent knowledge we have of his Firm and Signature. 2 . a. The ‘style’ or name under which the business of a commercial house is transacted, b. A partnership of two or more persons for carrying on a business ; a commercial house. 1744 in Hanway Trav. (1762) I. v. lxvi. 301 We are come to the unanimous resolution of fixing one house, under the firm of Messieurs Hanway and Mierop. 1785 Mrs. Bennett Juvenile Indiscret. (1786) II. 135 He could not oppose the wishes of the respectable partners without alter¬ ing the firm of the house. 1802 Mar. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. xix. 163 All we want to know, is the number of your note, and the firm of the house. 1817 W. Selwyn Law Nisi Prius II. 1065 An action brought by the other parties in the firm, for goods sold and delivered. 1861 W. Bell Diet. Law Scot. 387/1 A proper or personal firm is a firm designated by the names of one or more of the partners.. A descriptive firm has reference to some such circumstance as the place where the company is established, or the trans¬ actions in which it is engaged. 1864 Mrs. Riddell George Geith I. ii. 9 Trading under the firm of ‘ Grant & Co.’ 1870 Dickens E. Drood viii, My small patrimony was left a part of the capital of the Firm I am with. 1882 Serjt. Ballantine Exper. viii. 81 A respectable firm of solicitors. c. transf. Applied (chiefly in sarcastic use) to a number of persons regarded as associated for the promotion of their common interest. a 1797 Burke (T.), The bill was carried by a very small majority, consisting of partners in the firm. 1819 Metropolis II. 209 He won a little money in Bennet Street, (where, to be sure, it seldom happens that any one, not of the firm, does win). 1862 Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) VII. lx. 291 The plebeian emperor, the head of the Flavian firm. d. Long firm. (See quot. 1882.) 1869 Orchestra 2 Jan. 235/1 The doings of ‘the Long Firm ’, a body of phantom capitalists who issue large orders to supply an infinite variety of goods. 1882 Ogilvie s. v. Firm , Long Firm , a term given to that class of swindlers who obtain goods by pretending to be in business in a certain place, and ordering goods to be sent to them, generally from persons at a distance, without any intention of pay¬ ment. 1888 Rider Haggard Mr. Meeson's Will xv, John would give James briefs, and James’s reflected glory would shine back on John. In short, they were anxious to establish a legal long firm of the most approved pattern. Firm, sb 2 Hist. [ad. med.L. firma : see Farm jA 2 ] Occasionally used instead of Farm sbf in translations of med.L. documents. 1859 A. Jeffrey Roxburghsh. III. iv. iii He granted to Sir Robert Erskine ^100 out of his firms in Aberdeen. 1875 W. McIlwraith Guide Wigtownshb'e 54 James III granted to his Queen the whole Lordship of Galloway, with the customs and firms of the burghs of Kirkcudbright and Wigtown, as well as the Castle of Thrieve, FIRM 248 FIRM, Firm (fwm), a. and adv. Forms : 4-6 ferm(e, 6 fyrme, 6-7 firme, 6- firm. [ME. ferine, a. OF. (and Fr.) ferine L. firmus .] A. adj. 1 . Having a close consistence, of solid or compact structure or texture: not readily yielding to pressure or impact. 1611 B ible Job xli. 24 His heart is as firme as a stone. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World in. § 5 To dry up the abundant slime and mudde of the Earth, and make the Land more firme. 1667 Milton P. L. i. 350 Down they light On the firm brimstone. 1726 Shelvocke Voy. round World 28 To case it all over with firm thick plank. 1727 Swift Gulliver in. ii. 187 Upon the firm earth. 1812-16 J. Smith Pano- rama Sc. <$* Art I. 5 Cast steel takes a fine firm edge. 1823 F. Clissold Ascent Mt. Blanc 20 The surface of the snow was of so firm a consistence that [etc.]. 1854 Badham Halieut. 170 The flesh is rather too firm when fresh. 2 . Securely or steadily fixed, not easily moved or shaken, stable. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IP, iv. v. 204 Yet, though thoustand'st more sure, than I could do, Thou art not firme enough. 1598 — Merry W. in. ii. 49 It is as possitiue, as the earth is firme. 1694 Narborough in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 46 They lie in Veins in the Earth, and in the firm Rocks. 1784 Cowper Task v. 156 So stood the brittle prodigy, though smooth And slipp’ry the materials, yet frost-bound Firm as a rock. 1791 Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest ii, The glass was yet firm in the windows. Mod. Try whether the post is firm in the ground. 3 . That does not shake, quiver, or waver ; steady in motion or action; having control of the muscular forces of the body, not relaxed or nerveless. *593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, in. i. 190 King Henry throwes away his Crutch, Before his Legges be firme to beare his Body. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 102 This firme and beautifull light [the Sun]. 1656 Cowley Davuieis m. 504 The Lion's royal whelp, .leaves the rugged Bear for firmer claws. 1667 Milton P. L. vi. 534 Him soon they met Under spred Ensignes moving nigh, in slow But firm Battalion. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 111. 121 Upright he walks on Pasterns firm and straight. 1809 Roland Fencing 22 Extend the longe. .provided you feel yourself firm and steady in that position. 1834 Medwin Angler in Wales I. 273, I never heard but one woman who had so firm a touch [on the piano]. 1840 P. Parley s Ann. I. 176 A wise man’s feet are always firm in the stirrup. 1870 Bryant Iliad I. iv. 120 O aged man, would that thy knees were firm As is thy purpose. 4 . Healthy, robust; sound, undecayed. (Cf. in¬ firm.) ? Obs. 1577 B. Googe IlcresbacJi s Hush. in. (1586) 124 b, If the Horse have an ache [s£ t febrit], give it him with water, if he be ferme [« nonfebrit] with good strong Wine. 1715-20 Pope Iliad xvii. 348 Lamented youth ! in life’s firm bloom he fell. 1776 G. Semple Building in Water 84 Those which were painted were all quite rotten, but those that were not painted continued firm. 1798 Malthus Popul. (1817) I. 428 In the firmest stages of life. 5 . Of non-material things: Fixed, settled, estab¬ lished. Of a decree, law, or sentence : Immutable. c X374 Chaucer Boeth. in. vi. 78. I ne trowe nat J>at J> e pris and grace of }?e poeple. .ne is ferm perdurably. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xvi. 74 pou..sall hafe were withouten ferme pees all way. 1538 Starkey England 1. i. 16 The law of nature ys..in al cuntreys fyrme and stabul. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 173 We. .promise to observe and holde his deede firme and stable. 1600 Shaks. A. Y. L. 1. iii. 85 Firme and irreuocable is my doombe. 1625 Burges Pers. Tithes 64 If the Law bee. .firme for Personal Tithes. 1660 Milton Free Commit). 430 The happiness of a Nation must needs be firmest and certainest in a full and free Council of thir own electing. 1837 Whewell Hist. Induct. Sc. (1857) I- 22 9 This apotelesmatic or judicial astrology obtained firm possession of men's minds. + b. Assured, secure (as a possession, etc.). Also of a person : Assured of a thing. Obs . 1375 Barbour Bruce ix. 755 The King. .Send hym to be in ferm keping. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 285 b/i They mette and were ferme of the lignage promysed. 1594 First Pt. Contention (1843)39 You shall have your firme rewarde. 1671 Ciiarente Let. Customs 64 He who was Governour at the time., did not. .deliver it up to the King of Portugal, but kept it firm to the King of Spain. *737 Whiston Josephus' Antiq. vii. ix. § 6 The kingdom would be firm to him when David was dead. t c. Well-ascertained, certain, sure. Of an argu¬ ment: Well-founded, valid. Obs. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xii. 283 porugh fuire is fullyng and J>at is ferme bileue. 1581 J. Bell IIaddon's Ans^u. Osor. 494 Alleadgyng no firme, or honest proofe of y ’ crimes. 1596 Shaks. Merch. V. iv. i. 53 There is no firme reason to be rendred Why [etc.]. 1616 Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 27 If the drops of Water comming from the roofes of Houses doe fall one a good while after another, he shall hold it for firme, that cold is neere at hand. 1693 South Serm. II. 187 If the sole use of Words, .were to inform the Person, whom we speak to, the Consequence would be firm and good. 6. Of a person, his attributes, etc.: Immovable or not easily moved ; constant, steadfast; unflinch¬ ing, unshaken, unwavering ; resolute, determined. 1377 Langl. P.Pl. B. xv. 341 Wherfore folke is }?e feblere and noiQt ferme of bileue. c 1400 Rom. Rose 5229 If he be so ferme & stable, That fortune chaunge hym not. 1490 Caxton Eneydos xii. 43 Make thy selfe ferme wyth hope. 1552 Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884) 4 Thairto gyf ferme credens. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. iv. v. 28 Her Mother, (euen strong against that match And firme for Doctor Caius). 1637 Decree Star Chamb. § 24 in Milton A reop. (Arb.) 20 The Court doth hereby declare their firme re¬ solution. 1659 B* Harris Parivals Iron Age 245 The people of Liedge are very firm Roman Catholicks. 175X T. Sharp in Lett, Lit. Men (.Camden) 375 A firm and lasting friend¬ ship. 1838 Lytton Alice 1. ix, Lady Vargrave, though touched, was firm. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 225 Those classes which had been the firm allies of the monarchy. 1852 H. Rogers Eel. Faith (1853) 181 [They] were firm believers in the theory of insight. 1873 Helps Anini. <5* Mast. (1875) 4 It is my firm belief that [etc.]. b. Steadfast in attachment to (a person, cause, or the like). 1705 Walsh Hor. Odes in. iii. 2 The man that’s resolute and just, Firm to his principles and trust, a 1715 Burnet Own Time I. 393 While the Parliament was so firm to the King. 1726-46 Thomson Winter 482 Phocion the Good .. To virtue still inexorably firm. c. Indicating steadfastness or resolution. 1802 Mar. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. 211 ‘I am the count', replied he, in a firm tone. 1844 Mem. Babylonian P'cess II. 253 The firm voice of the captain giving his orders. 1878 B. Taylor Deukalion 11. iv. 81 Pity shines From those firm eyes. 7 . Comm. a. Of prices: Maintaining their level; with no downward tendency. Of commodities: Not depressed in market value. Also transf ap¬ plied to the market, a season of trade, etc. b. A firm offer : one which the person making it is resolved not to increase. 1883 Daily News 7 Nov. 4/7 American prices were firm. 1887 Ibid. 7 June 2/6 English wheats in the country markets are somewnat irregular, though most generally firm. 1887 Times 25 Aug. 9/1 The Money Market has been a little less firm to-day. 1891 Daily News 23 Nov. 2/7 There is no probability of the market becoming weaker. Indeed, a con¬ tinued firm winter and a good spring is looked forward to. + 8. Firm land, firm-land: dry land, solid earth; the mainland (as opposed to an island), a * continent \ Obs. as a recognized phrase. [ = med. L. terra firma, F. ter re ferme.] 1553 Eden Treat. Neiue Ind. (ArbJ 8 They see the con- tinente or fyrme lande, extended euen to the North Pole. 1594 Blundevil Exerc . v. (ed. 7) 574 The South firme Land is called of some Magellanica. 1612 Brerewood Lang. # Relig. x. 93 Thus it is. .in the firm land of Asia: but in the islands about Asia [etc.]. 1667 Milton P. L. ii. 589 A frozen continent, .which on firm land Thaws not. 1682 Wheler Journ. Greece 1. 22 It is joyned. .to the Firm- land by a Woodden one [bridge]. 1872 Browning Fifine lxxxii. 5 No more to do But tread the firmland, tempt the uncertain sea no more. + 9 . ellipt. quasi- sb. =prec. Obs. 1598 Hakluyt Voy. I. 438 No such Islands may bee found in the Scithian sea toward the firme of Asia. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. ii. 407 Betwixt the fore-land and the firme, Shee [Wight] hath that narrow Sea, which we the Solent tearme. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. 1. 19 Ashore on the firme of Asia. 33 . adv. and quasi -adv. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xix. 116 That she furste and formest ferme shulde bilieue. 1667 Milton P. L. xii. 127 He .. firm believes. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 137 The shorter all the Bearings of Timbers are, the firmer they Bear. 1768- 74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 304 Charity, .is built firmest upon faith and prudence. 1801 Southey Thalaba xi. iv, Her rosy feet press firmer, as she leaps Upon the wing. b. Chiefly in phr. to stand firm (lit. and fig.), and to holdfirm (to). a 1340 Hampole Psalter xviii. 10 J>at |?ai be halden ferme. 1570 Billingsley Euclid 1. Def. iv. 2 A right lyne is that which standeth firme betwene his extremes. 1611 Bible Josh. iv. 3 The place where the Priests feet stood firme. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. 11. i. 67 Heel'd make the Heauens hold firme The walls of thy deere Honour. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 900 Wee that hold firme to the Works of God. 1724 De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 277 He, an old tried soldier, stood firm. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Maimers Wks. (Bohn) II. 45, I find the Englishman to be him of all men who stands firmest in his shoes. 1857 Spurgeon Serm. New Park St. II. 132 Those who hold truth pretty firm and will not let it go. C. Comb. 1 . Of the adj.: a. with sb., as + finti-wood (used as adj.). Also firm-land (see A. 8). 1745 tr. Columella's Husb. iii. xvii, Authors who denied that the upper firm-wood branch is fit for bearing fruit. b. In parasynthetic adjs., as firm-based , -footed , framed , - nerved , - paced ,, + - proposed , - sinewed\ -textured ; also firm-hoofed, having hoofs not cloven. 1820 Keats Hyperion 11. 138 My *firm-based footstool. 1877 Black Green Past. iii. (1878) 20 He was a bony ^firm- framed young man. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vi. vi. 297 Solipes, or *firme hoofed creatures, as Horses, Asses, Mules, &c. 1870 Bryant Iliad v. 286 Thy firm-hoofed [Gr. Hun /u^as] coursers. 1821 Joanna Baillie Met. Leg., Wallace xxxvii, The *firm-nerved youth's exerted force. 1799 Camp¬ bell Pleas. Hope 1, *Firm-paced and slow, a horrid front they form. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V, v. ii. 462 The King hath graunted euery Article. .According to their *firm proposed natures. 1884 Black Jud. Shaks. viii, His "firm-sinewed figure. 1854 Hawthorne Eng. Note-bks. (1883) I. 553, I.. found her sensible, .and *firm-textured, rather than soft and sentimental. 2 . Of the adv. with pa. pples., forming adjs., as firm-braced, -compacted, -planted, -rooted (hence firm-rootedness ), -set, -written. 1847 Emerson Poems (1857) 47 *Firm-braced I sought my anefent woods. 1779 Potter AEschylus I. 142 ( Supplicants) Their *firm-compacted ships. 1870 Bryant Iliad I. xii. 382 Oaks. .*Firm-planted. 1808 Mrs. E. H. Iliff Poems (1818) 97 *Firm-rooted in the yellow sands, i860 Pusey Min. Proph. 587 The allusion..is to its *firm-rootedness. 1605 Shaks. Macb. 11. i. 56 Thou sure and *firme-set Earth Heare not my steps. 1863 I. Williams Baptistery 11. xxiii. (1874) 85 O firm-set, ever-during scene ! 1649 G. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. V ccxv, * Firme-written destinie Reverts the Breath of Kings. Firm (faim), v. Now rare exc. in technical use. Forms : 4 ferme, 5-7 firme, 6 fyrme. [Partly ad. (either through F. fermer or directly) L. fir mare, {. firmus Firm a. ; partly a new formation on the adj.] 1 . trans. To make firm or fast; to set or fix firmly or securely; also, to hold (a thing) fast. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. i. v. 14 (Camb. MS.) Fastne and ferme thise erthes stable with thilke bonde by whiche thow ouerneste the heuene. a 1400-50 Alexander 1369 And at [tower] he fiches & firmes sa fast to fe wall. 1609 Bible (Douay) Gen. vii. 16 Annot ., The dore..was to be firmed without..for better induring the forcible waters. 1615 Chapman Odyss. xm. 246 He..to a stone Turn'd all her sylvan substance; all below Firm’d her with roots, and left her. 1669 Boyle Contn. New Exp. 11. (1682) 46 The Reciever seemed to admit the external air. .therefore I firmed the cover with Turpentine. 1670 Walton Lives 1. 77 The stones..were again by the masons art so levelled and firm’d, as they had been formerly. 1808 J. Barlow Columb. vii. 735 They firm the base Of Freedom’s tem¬ ple, while her arms they grace. 1855 Singleton Virgil II. 70 With its griping fang The anchor firmed the ships. 1885 Birm. Weekly Post 7 Feb. 1/7 Keep spring flowers well firmed in the ground. 1890 Hosie West China 166 Men. .removing with their toes the weeds from the roots of the young shoots, and firming the latter in the ground. + b. To fasten or fix (the eye) upon (some¬ thing). Obs . 1590 Spenser F . Q . ii. vii. 1 As pilot. .Upon his card and compas firmes his eye. f c. To steady, support. Obs. rare. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. xvi. 258 The stafie of his [Christ’s] direction, whereon if he firmeth himselfe, lie may be able to overcom the billows of resistance. 2 . To make firm in consistence; to compact, solidify. 1580 North Plutarch (1676) 85 The force of the water., did firm and harden it, and made it grow so to Land. 1605 B. Jonson Volpone 11. i, The powder, .clear’d her wrinkles, firm’d her gums, fill’d her skin, colour’d her hair. 1610 W. Folkingham Art of Survey 1. x. 24 Boggie and spungie grounds are .. setled, fastened and firmed by frequent ouer-flowing them with Fords. 1757 Dyer Fleece iii. 137 Ever and anon, to firm the work, Against the web is driv’n the noisy frame. 1842 Jml. R. Agric. Soc. III. 1. 125 By every means firm the land after wheat-sowing. 1882 Garden 18 Mar. 185/3 Plant carefully, well firming the soil about their roots with the hand. 1890 Hosie West China 19 Drums for firming the paper as it comes from the pulp- troughs. f 3 . trans. To strengthen, make robust. Obs. 1592 Greene Palmers Verses viii. Wks. (Rtldg.) 303/2 When in the Virgin’s lap earth’s comfort sleeps..Both corn and plants are firmed. t 4 . To establish, settle, confirm (a person, etc.) ; to strengthen (in resolution), encourage. Obs. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 9889 God }yue vs grace.. Yn j?e beleue to ferme vs ry}t. 1639 G. Daniel Ecclus. xxii. 52 The heart Which firmed is by what the Wise impart, Fear cannot daunt. 1650 W. Brough Sacr. Princ. (1659) 545 Solid knowledge will..Firm the Mind in Truth. 1682 N. O. Boileau's Lutrin in. 171 Thy Valour firm’d the wavering Troops that day. + 5 . To make (an agreement, etc.) firm; to es¬ tablish firmly, settle, strengthen. Obs. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vm.i. 4oTwaErlys..Comechargyd in Scotland. .To tret, and ferme a Marriage. 1577-87 Holin- shf.d Chron. III. 1184/1 It was further concluded also, that a peace should be firmed, .betwixt the realmes of England and Scotland. 1594 Lodge Wounds Civil War iii. i. in Hazl. DodsleyV II. 135 And we will firm our honours by our bloods. 1659 H. L’Estrange Alliance Div. Off. 486 These testimonies firm the comparison betwixt such persons and Adam. 1673 Dryden Amboyna 11. i, Hold back your Hand, from firming of your Faith. 1729 Savage Wanderer 1. 294 He won the Belgic Land..And firms the Conquest with his fenceful Mound. 1808 J. Barlow Columb. 11. 294 Ten wide provinces.. Bless the same king, and daily firm the sway. J-b. To make (a possession, title, etc.) sure; to assure, secure; also, to attach (a person) se¬ curely. Const, to, unto. Obs. 1530 R. Whytford Werke for Housch. E, The blessynge of the parentes dotlie fyrme and make stable the possessyons and the kynred of the chylder. 1624 T. Scott Belg. Souldier 18 That [he] be especially carefull to firme and contract unto himselfe. .the King of Poland. 1664 J. Wilson A. Comnenius v. iii, Since your joint unanimous concent Has firm’d that title. 1669 J. Owen in T. Gale Jansenismc Pref., That ground shall be firmed to them speedily by new Briefs. + c. gen. To ratify formally ; to confirm. Obs. 1599 Nashe Lenten Stuff,e 15 When hee [William I] firmed and rubrickt Kentishmen’s gauill-kind of the sonne to in- herite at fifteene. 1659 H. L’Estrange Alliance Div. Off. 435 Solemn leagues .. solemnly firmed by oaths. 1685 Dryden Albion <$• Albdnius 1. 8 Jove has firm’d it with an Awfull Nod. 1703 Pofe Thebais 591 Be present still, oh Goddess ! . .Proceed, and firm those omens thou hast made. + 6. To make (a document) valid by authoritative seal, indorsement, signature, stamp, or the like; to subscribe, sign. Also, to firm with the hand. 1510 Will of J. Deram (Somerset Ho.), Fyrmed .. w fc my hand. 1574 Hellowes Guevaras Pam. Ep. 62 To firme it with the hand, is meere follie. Ibid. 64 If.. Catiline and other his fellowes had not firmed the letter of their coniura- tion. Ibid. 231 ,1 caused your bill to be firmed by the Queene. 1588 Ord. Sp. Fleet in Harl. Misc. (1744) I. iii These my instructions are.. firmed by my hand. 1613 Hayward Norm. Kings, Will. I, 98 Charters and deeds . .were firmed by the parties speciall seale. 1641 Termcs de la Ley 156 b, Writings . .were wont to be firmed in England with Crosses of gold. 1690 Dryden Don Sebastian v. 120 Your Father’s hand, Firm’d with his Signet. FIRMABLE. 249 FIRMLY. + b. To affix, ‘sign’ (one’s name) to a docu¬ ment or writing. Obs. 1529 Will of A. Chew (Somerset Ho.), In witness whereof we. .haue fyrmed our names. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Cos- tanheda's Conq. E. Iml. 153 He.. firmed therevnto his name. absol. 1529 Will of A. Chew (Somerset Ho.), Because here is noo space to fyrme on this side we haue fyrmed on the other side. 1620 Shelton Quix . IV. ii. 10 Another shall firm for me. 7 . intr. To become firm. 1882 in Ogilvie. 1883 (see ppl. adj. below], 1887 S. Chesh. Gloss., Firm, to grow firm. A cheese-making term. Hence Firmed ppl. a. {spec, in Falconry : see quot. 1706). Firming ppl. a. a. trans. That confirms or ratifies, b. intr. That is becoming firm : see Firm a. 7. 1574 Hellowes Guenara's Fam. Ep. 36 It [a letter] had not come firmed or with superscription. 1623 Bp. Mountagu App. Caesar.. Ep. Ded., I did it with a firmed purpose to leave all private opinions. 1649 G. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. IF, ccclxv, Belgia, only (in a firmed state Wrought out by others) has been fortunate. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Firmed or full Firmed (in Falconry), well fledged or well cover'd with Feathers. 1816 L. Hunt Rimini iv. 96 A noble word ! exclaimed the Prince, and smote Preparingfy on earth his firming foot. 1839 Bailey Fcstns (1854) 332 A vital wind invisible. Yet firmed and bounded in a beauteous form. 1883 Scotsman 9 May 10/1 Sold at firming prices. + Fi'rmable, a. Obs. [f. Firm v. + -able.] ? Worthy to be ratified. 1584 R. W. Three Ladies of London in Hazl. Dodsley VI. 282 You will make an ill matter seem good and firmable. Firmament (fa-imament). Forms : 4-6 fer-, fyrmament(e, 3- firmament, [ad. L. firma- ment-um , f. fir 7 ? id-re to strengthen, f. Jirmus firm. Cf. OF. firmament . In class. Lat. the word means ‘something which strengthens or supports ’ (cf. 3). In the Vulgate it was adopted, in imita¬ tion of the arepecoixa of the LXX (properly ‘firm or solid structure ’, f. crrepeoeiv to make firm or solid, f. arepe65 firm, solid', as the rendering of Heb. rdqiac., applied to the vault of the sky. The Heb. word prob. means 1 expanse from the root rdqas. which in the Bible has the senses ‘to tread’, ‘to beat out (metals)*, ‘to spread out’; but in Syriac the vb. means ‘ to condense, make firm or solid ’, whence the Gr. and Lat. renderings of the sb.] 1 . The arch or vault of heaven overhead, in which the clouds and the stars appear ; the sky or heavens. In mod. use only poet, or rhetorical. [c 1050 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) VIII. 309 On l?am odrum dae$e he ^eworhte firmamentum ]?aet ys ]>eos heofon.] ^1250 Gen. Ex. 95 Do god bad ben 5 e firma¬ ment. c 1290 S. Eng . Leg. I. 226/248 buy ne yse^en no-^ing bote be se ant \>e firmament. ^1386 Chaucer Merck. T. 975 Bright was the day, and bliew the firmament. I 5 S 5 Eden Decades 35 That lyttle sleepe that they had was . .abrode vnder the firmamente. 1667 Milton P. L. iv. 604 Now glow’d the Firmament With living Saphirs. 1693 Luttrell Brief Ret. (1857) HI* x 9 2 This morning a rain¬ bow seen in the firmament. 1846 tr. Schlegel's Phil. Hist. 80 The northern firmament possesses by far the largest and most brilliant constellations. 1877 Bryant Poems , Receive thy Sight ii, The pleasant rays That lit the glorious firmament. b. Heaven, as the place where God dwells. Obs. exc. in Biblical and liturgical phrases. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 221 Thikke ]? owsa ndez .. Fellen fro the fyrmament, fendez ful blake. 1388 Wyclif Ps. cl. 1 Herie 3e be lord in hise seyntis ! herie 3e him in be firma¬ ment of his vertu! 1535 Coverdale Song 3 Childr. 33 Blessed be thou in y° firmament of heauen. x6n Bible Ps. cl. 1 Praise him in the firmament of his power. c. tra 7 isf and fig. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 104 Pite, whiche may wele be called the firmament of perfeccyon, for it is the stablysshment of all holy conuersacyon, whereby man .. discerneth waters from waters. 1643 Milton Divorce 11. xxii. (1851) 127 That it may be suffer’d to stand in the place where God set it amidst the firmament of his holy Laws. 1667 — P. L. 11. 175 What if.. this Firmament Of Hell should spout her Cataracts of Fire? 1871 E. F. Burr Ad Fidem vi. 97 A whole firmament of twinkling philosophers and philosophies. + 2 . In old Astronomy: The sphere containing the fixed stars ; the eighth heaven of the Ptolemaic system. C1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xi. 43 J?e xii. signez of \>e firma¬ ment. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 93 A nother heuen ys called the fyrmamente, where are the sterres. 1551 Recorde Cast. Kncnvl. (1556) 7 Aboue these seuen planetes, is there an other heauen or skie, whiche commonly is named the Firmament, and hath in it an infinite numbre of starres. 1635 N. Carpenter Geog. Del. 1. iv. 79 The distance of the Firmament, wherein are placed the fixt Starres is not measurable by mans industrie. 1665 Boyle Occas. Rejl. (1845) 15 Those Stars that shine in the Firmament or highest visible Heaven. + b. Hence, applied sometimes to the other celes¬ tial spheres. First firmament : the Primum mobile. c 1386 Chaucer Man of Law's T. 197 O firste moving cruel firmament, With thy diurnal swegh that croudest ay. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 2 He can .. yiven every Jugement, Which longeth to the firmament .. Both of the sterre and of the mone. 1551 Recorde Cast. Knowl. (1556) 11 This motion is. .called of auncient writers the motion of the First firmament. e. transf. in Alchemy. (Cf. Heaven.) 1610 B. Jonson Alchemist il.iii, Your sunne, your moone, your firmament, your adrop. + 3 . In the literal etymological sense ; Anything which strengthens or supports; a substratum, a firm support or foundation, lit. and fig. 1554 Knox Godly Let. B viij, Here is the firmamente of VOL. IV. my fyrst cause, a 1555 Philpot Exam. $ Writ. (Parker Soc.)*382 Paul calleth the church the firmament and pillar of truth. 1578 Banister Hist. Man i. 17 [That] this same bone, .might be vnto Larinx as a firmament, and foundation. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 388 It was not safe that his thinne coat should runne along without some Firmament. a 1626 Bacon Interpr. Nature i. Wks. 1857 HI* 218 ,1 thought it good .. to make a strong .. bank .. to guide the course of the waters; by setting down, this position or firmament, namely, That all knowledge is to be limited by religion. 1649 Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. II. ix. 121 This duty to parents is the very firmament and bond of commonwealths. 170X S. Sewall Diary 30 June (1879) H* 38 The absence of him who was the Firmament and Ornament of the Province. b. The process of strengthening or making firm. 1650 Bulwer Anthropomet. 144 The tongue hath a liga¬ ment or bridle for two causes: First for the firmament of its Basis. + 4 . (See quot.) 1690 Evelyn Mund. Mulielris 7 Pins tipt with Diamond Point, and head, By which the Curls are fastened, In radiant Firmament set out. — Fop-Dict. 18 Firmament , Diamonds, or other precious Stones heading the Pins which they stick in the Tour, and Hair, like Stars. 5 . Comb. 1593 Nashe Christ's TearsytYs. (Grosart) IV. 70 Theyr Firmament-propping foundation, shal be adequated with the Valley of Iehosaphat, Hence FrrmamentwaTds adv., towards the firmament; heavenwards. 1886 Burton Arab. Nts. I. 188 Then she flew firmament- wards to circle it. Firmamental (ffijmame'ntal), a. [f. prec. + -AL.] 1 . Of or pertaining to the firmament. 1600 Dr. Dodypoll 1. i. in Bullen O. PI. III. 100 Looke on the heavens colour’d with golden starres, The firmamentall ground of it all blew. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. in. iv. 1. v, If there be infinite planetary and firmamental worlds. 1657 Cokaine Obstinate Lady 11. i, He was an intricate prog¬ nosticator of firmamental eclipses. 1869 Tyndall in Fortn. Rev. 1 Feb. 240 To obtain the most perfect polarisation of the firmamental light. 1874 T. Hardy Madding Crowd II. vii. 81 In the vast firmamental hollows overhead. + b. Alchemy. Firmamental water : liquid as pure as the firmament; app. rectified Aqua Vitae. 1559 Morwyng Evonym. 97 These, .make disceitful image and likeliness of youth : the firmamentall water dothe it in dede. [1666 Dryden Atm. Mirab. 281 An hollow crystal pyramid he takes, In firmamental waters dipt above.] 2 . Of the nature of a supporting framework or permanent substratum : cf. Firmament 3. 1696 Brookhouse Temple Open. 40 The Flesh is the Incre¬ mental or Changeable Part, and the Spirit the Firmamental or Immoveable Part. 1825 Coleridge Lit. Rem. (1836) II. 357 note. The firmamental law that sustains and disposes the apparent world. t Firmamentary, a. Obs. rare. [f. as prec. + -ary.] = prec. 1633 T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter ii. 7 Some by that firmament¬ ary division of the waters, have dreamt of a watery heaven above the stars. 1690 Boyle Chr. Virtuoso 1. 69 And much more must they do so .. who believe .. there were .. Firma¬ mentary comets. Firman (firman, II ferma-n). Forms; a. (7 firma, 8 firhman), 8-9 fermaun, flrmaun, 7- firman. P. 7 phirman, 7-9 phirmaund. [a. Pers. fermdn , OPers. *framdna (so in Pehlvi) = Skr. pramdna command.] An edict or order issued by an Oriental sovereign, esp. the Sultan of Turkey; a grant, licence, passport, permit. 1616 Sir T. Roe in Purchas Pilgrims (1624) I. iv. xvi. 541 Then I moued him for his fauour for an English Factory to be resident in the Towne, which hee willingly granted, andgaue present order to the Buxy to draw a Firma .. for their resi¬ dence. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 50 But upon sight of his Phirman (or Letter of command) hee agreed willingly. 1704 Collect. Voy. (Church.) III. 571/2 Your Majesty’s Firman, or Letters Patent. 1710 Pitt Let. in Edin. Rev. (1893^ 151, I had. .a phirmaund under his great seal. 1816 Gentl. Mag. LXXXVI. 1. 325 A translation of the fermaun itself has since been forwarded by Dr. Hunt. 1863 Kinglake Crimea (1877) I. xvii. 369 Having caused the Porte to issue firmans. transf. 1835 Hood Poetry , Prose , <$• Worse iv, He bows to the metrical firman, As dulcet as song of the South. 1840 Barham Ingol. Leg., St. Odille iii, A German .. Paid his court to her father, conceiving his firman Would soon make her bend. t Fi'rmance. Sc. Obs. Also 6 fermans, fir¬ mans, 7 fermance. [ad. OF. fermance (i) an enclosure, (2) a guarantee, f. fermer to shut, con¬ firm, secure L .firmdre : see Firm v.] 1 . The state or condition of being confined; con¬ finement, imprisonment; chiefly in phrase: {to keep,pill) in firmance. Also concr. An enclosure. 1513 Douglas AEneis xii. Prol. 176 Within fermans and parkis cloys of palys. c 1565 Lindesay (Pitscottie) Citron. Scot. (1728) 63 Himself to be put in sicker Firmance. 1613 Bp. Forbes On Revel, xx. 221 The surenesse is cleered in the person apprehender, and manner of fermance. 1679 in G. Hickes Spirit of Popery 64 We .. do Command .. all Sheriffs .. to Search for .. the Persons afternamed . .and put them in sure Ward and Firmance. 1721 Wodrow Hist. Ch. Scot. (1829) II. n. xiii. 485 Three men in firmance for robbery. 1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 137 The Rebels .. put them in sure Ward, Firmance and Captivity. 2 . Assurance, confidence; also, a source of con¬ fidence. To make firmance to: to give a pledge of faithfulness to. 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. Proheme Cosmogr. vi, So Jang I swomit in hir seis deip That sad auising with hif thochtfull lance Couth find na port to ankir hir firmance. Ibid. 11. i. 10 b, For the fame of ane nobyll prince is ane grete firmance to his realme. Ibid. 11. xvi. 21 b, Als sone as Gillus was maid kyng.. to stabil the realme to him with sickir firmance, he tuk \>e aithis of his pepil. b. Firmly established condition, stability. 1533 Bellenden Livy (1822) 107 The Romanis, .ar brocht to sic firmance, that they may .. sustene the plesand frute of libertie. Firmary, var. of Fermery, Obs., infirmary. 1' Firmation. Obs. [ad. L. *firmation-em, n. of action f. Jirmare to make firm, i. Jirmus Firm.] 1 . The action of making firm or fixing steadily. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iv. i. 179 If we define sitting to be a firmation of the body upon the Ischias. 2 . Ratification, confirmation. 1684 T. Hockin God's Decrees 153 The incarnation, passion, and resurrection of our blessed Saviour .. being the firma¬ tion and seal of all. Firme, a. Her. (See quot. 1889.) 1688 R. Holme Armoury 1. v. § 31 A Cross Patee Entyre- (or Fixed or Firme). 1889 Elvin Diet. Her. 61 Firme, a term used for a cross pattee, when it extends to each side of the shield : the same as a cross pattee throughout, or entire. Firme, var. of Forme Obs., first. Firment, obs. form of Ferment. Firmer (foumsi). [ad. F. fermoir chisel for making mortices, altered form (as if f. fermer in obs. sense to fasten, secure) of formoir, which was earlier anglicized as Former.] Used only in comb., firmer-chisel, -gouge, -tool (see quots.). [1688, 1727-51, 1764: see Former.] 1823 P. Nicholson F-ract. Builder 239 The firmer chisel is a thin broad chisel, with the sides parallel to a certain length, and then taper¬ ing, so as to become much narrower towards the shoulder. It is used by being driven by the blows of a mallet on the handle. 1876 Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 1243 Firmer Tool, a chisel used by joiners with a mallet, by which the sides of mortises are formed. 1888 Lockwoods Did. Mech. Engin., Firmer Tools, the ordinary short chisels and gouges of wood workers, so termed in order to distinguish them from paring tools. Firmest, obs. form of Foremost. t Fi'rmify, v. Obs. rare. [f. Firm a. + *(i)fy.] trans. To make firm. intr. To become firm. 1578 Banister Hist.Man 1. 5 You shall not dread, to finde the examples of Syssarcosis very playne, in the fleshy firmi- fieng of the teeth in their Celles. Ibid. 17 Os Hyoides .. is so firmified in the middest, as to neither part it easely slippeth. + Firming chisel -firmer-chisel. 1799 Trans. Soc. Encourag. Arts XVII. 337 Work off the remaining wood with a large firming chissel. + Fi'rmitude. Obs. [ad. L .firmitiido, i. firm-us Firm a.] The quality or state of being firm, in the various senses of the adj. ; firmness, solidity, stability, strength ; stability of purpose, resolution. 1541 R. Copland Galyens Terapeutyke 2 E j, They do vse these names, Dyspathies, Metasyncrises, Imbecyllitees, fyrmytudes [Lat. frmitudines\ and sondry other such names. 1579 Twyne Phisicke agst. Fort . 11. cxiv. 308 a, Vnlesse the minde. .had put on the same firmitude and con- stancie agaynst it [the payne]. 1603 Holland Plutarch's Mor. 1340 The stability and stedy firmitude of those broad flat faces which it [the cube] hath. 1668 H. More Div. Dial. i. § 4 (1713) 10 So great a firmitude is there in Life against all the subtle attaques of shifting Reason. 1701 W. Nichols Consol, to Parents 112 What great Firmitude of Mind they have to oppose against such a cutting misfortune. t Firmity Obs. Also 5-6 fermete, -itie, 6-7 firmitie, -yte. [a. OF. fermetg, f. ferme Firm a. ; refashioned after Firm and -ity.] 1 . Firmness, solidity, stability. Also, moral firmness, firm allegiance, constancy. a 1450 K71t.dela ^7^(1868)83 [It] were to long to compte the tenthe party of her fermete, for they ouercome the deuelle and hys temptaciones. 1480 Bury Wills (1850) 59 For the more fermete and stedfastenes therof, and that yt perpetually shulde indure. 1563 W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 25 b. There was no firmity or strength in it [the ayre] to beare them [birds] up. 1589 Puttenham Eng. Poesie 11. (Arb.) 113 The square .. for his owne stay and firmitie re- quireth none other base then himselfe. 1638 Chillingworth Ret. Prot. 1. vi. § 7. 329 The strength and firmity of my assent, a 1656 Ussher Ann. vi. (1658) 337 Pyrrhus, doubt¬ ing the firmity of the Macedons unto him, yielded thereto. c 1729 Earl of Ailesbury Mem . (1890) 51 His firmity and presence of mind. 2 . A means of strengthening; an assurance. 1523 St. Papers Hen. VIII^ IV. 94 If mariage myght be goten on this side and that side, it woll be. .good for bothe the realmes, and a firmyte of kindnes. t Fi'rmity 2 . Obs .- 1 Aphetic f. Infirmity. 1426 Audelay Poems 31 To socour ham, in here fyrmete. + Firmless (foumles), a. Obs. [f. Firm a. -f -less.] Unsteady, shifting. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. 11. iv. Colwrmes 667 In Egypt it [Astronomy] erects A famous School, yet firm-Iesse in affects. 1605 Ibid. 11. 111. iii. Lawe 926 We float On firm- lesse sands of this vaste Desart. a 1744 Pope (Webster), Does passion still the firmless mind control? Firmly (fr-xmli), adv. Tf. as prec. + -l.Y 2 .] In a firm manner. 1 . With little possibility of movement; so as not easily to be shaken or dislodged; fixedly, securely, strongly; steadily, immovably. C1374 Chaucer Troylus iii. 1439 (1488), I wist..That your humble seruant . .Were in your harte yset so fermely As ye in mine, a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon lv. 187 Euery man 32 FIRMNESS. 250 FIRST. praysed gretely Huon that he helde hym selfe so fermely. 1591 Spenser Muiopotmos 58 His breast-plate .. Before his noble hart he firmely bound. ^1630 Jackson Creed iv. xi, Charity .. firmlier rooted .. in their hearts. 1704 Newton Opticks (1721) in. 1. 365 How such very hard Particles .. can stick together .. so firmly. 1776 Gibbon Decl. < 5 * F. I. 334 The dangerous frontier of Rhaetia he so firmly secured, that [etc.], i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xviii. 127 To fix at each step my staff firmly in the consolidated snow. 1880 Geikie Phys. Geog. ii. 7 The atmospheric envelope clasps the planet firmly. 2 . Without wavering, hesitation, or doubt; con¬ stantly, resolutely, steadfastly. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vm. xv. 29 J?e lele Scottis men .. To-gyddyr stood sa fermly. 1552 Ascham in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 12, I am thus firmelie persuaded. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. 1. (1843) 14/2 He was. .firmly resolved never to trust him. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 177. f 9 A copy, .which he firmly believed to be of the first edition. 1781 Gibbon Decl. <5* F. III. 119 The Goth, on whose fidelity he firmly relied. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. 1 .110 The nation was firmly attached to hereditary monarchy. 1871 Morley Voltaire (1886) 11 It was time to trust firmly to the free understanding of men for guidance. 1887 Daily News 7 June 2/6 Foreign wheats firmly held. ** 3 . Comb., as firmly-braided, - closed , - rooted. 1877 Black Green Past, xxi, The sunlight touched the *firmly-braided masses of hair. 1888 F. Hume Mad. Midas 1. iii, With ^firmly-closed lips. 1768-74 Tucker Lt . Nat. (1852) II. 249 The *firmly-rooted Christian may say. Firmness (femmes), [f. as prec. + -ness.] The state or quality of being firm. 1 . Solidity, cohesion, resistance to pressure. 1653 Holcroft Procopius 11. 53 Which encreasing by de¬ grees, crumbled and brake the firmeness of the stones. 1661 Boyle Spring of Air in. xxxi. (1682)82 In the short history we have published of Fluidity and Firmness.. 1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 108 Firmness is that coherence which resists per¬ cussion, and its opposite is brittleness, or fragility. 1851 Carpenter Man. Phys. (ed. 2) 155 The requisite firmness and solidity are given to the animal fabric. 2 . The quality of being to a large extent un¬ moved or immovable ; fixedness, stability. 1597 Siiaks. 1 Hen. IV, 111. i. 48 Make the Continent (Wearie of solide firmenesse) melt it selfe Into the Sea. a 1627 Hayward Edw. VI (1630) 13 Both the easinesse and firmnes [of the union] might be coniectured. 1703 Maun- drell Journ. Jems. 89 The whole work seems to be endued with such absolute firmness, as if it had been design’d for Eternity. 1802 Paley Nat. Theol. viii. § 3 (1819) 86 By firmness I mean not only strength but stability. 3 . The state or quality of being firm in mind; resolution, steadiness, steadfastness. Hence, in Phrenology , the ‘ bump ’ or ‘ organ ’ supposed to indicate the possession of this quality. 1561 tr. Calvin's Foure Semi. ii. D ij b, That constauncye and firmnes of minde. a 1684 Earl Roscommon Wks, (1753) 42 Nor can th’ ./Egyptian Patriarch blame my muse, Which for his firmness does his heat excuse. 1741 Mid¬ dleton Cicero I. vi. 518 Caesar is said to have born the news of her death with an uncommon firmness. 1874 Green Short Hist. iv. § 1. 162 Terrible .. as were the suf¬ ferings of the English army, Edward’s firmness remained unbroken. + b. Steadfastness of attachment to a person or cause; faithfulness, fidelity. Ohs. a 1627 Sir J. Beaumont To the Prince 14 Your noble firmenesse to your friend. 1653 Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers \ Camden) II. 11 His Majesty’s affection to religion and his firmness to his word. 1667 Milton P. L. ix. 279 But that thou shouldst my firmness therfore doubt To God or thee. .1 expected not to hear. 4 . Comm. Steadiness in price, or of prices. 1880 Globe 5 Mar. 5/4 The feature in Foreign Government Securities is the firmness of Peruvian Bonds. 1883 Manch. Exam .14 Dec. 4/1 There being little inclination to take short bills, owing to a belief that the present firmness will not last. 1890 Daily News 16 Sept. 3/4 The outlays on behalf of this pair did not affect the firmness of Signorina and Nunthorpe, who maintained their Saturday rates. Firmor, Firmorie, var. of Fermer, -y. a 1618 Raleigh in Gutch Coll. Cur. I. 83 A mere tenant at will, or firmor of the profits. II Firn (firn). [Ger .firn,firne, lit. ‘last year’s’ (snow), subst. use of firne adj. ‘of last year’: see Fern a ] A name given to snow above the glaciers which is partly consolidated by alternate thawing and freezing, but has not yet become glacier-ice. 1853 Kane Grinncll Exp. viii. (1856)61 The 1 firn ’, or consoli¬ dated snow of the Alpine glaciers. 185s J. D. Forbes Tour Mt. Blanc 33 Magnificent is the prospect which these firns sometimes present. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. 155 The im¬ perfectly consolidated substance, partly snow and partly ice, is known in Switzerland as NevS or Pirn. + Fi 'rous, a. Obs. rare. In 6 fierous, fyrous. [f. Fire + -ous.] = Fiery 4. *503 Hawes Examp. Virt. xii. 237 In to the sygne of the fierous lyon. Ibid. xiv. 296 He dyd vs lyght with his pure bemys Quenchynge of mars the fyrous lemys. Firre, obs. form of Fir. + Fi rren, a. Obs. In 4 firrene, 6 Sc. firrin, firron. [f. Fjr + -en.] Made of fir. c 1300 Havelok 2078 A fayr firrene wowe. 1513 Douglas jEneis it. vi. 17 The firryne closouris opnys, but noyise or dyn, And Greikis, hid the hors coist within, Patent war maide. 1578 Inventories (1815) 255 Ane thik firrin plank. Firret(te, obs. form of Ferret. Firring : see Furring. Firry (f 5 ’ri), a. [f. Fir + -y L] a. Abound¬ ing in firs. b. Of or pertaining to the fir. 1833 Lamb Elia, Blahesmoor, Thy firry wilderness. 1843 Tennyson Miller's Dan. 6 Oft I heard the tender dove In firry woodlands making moan. 1842 Hood Elm Tree in. xvi, With many a fallen acorn-cup, And mast, a firry cone. Firs, obs. form of Fierce a. First, sb. Obs. exc. dial, in comb. Forms : 1 first, fyrst, 3 firste, south, virste. [OE. fyrst str. fem. = OHG .first (MHG. virst, Ger .first) *fcrsti-z ; cf. the ablaut-var. Du., LG. vorst *fursti-z, of same meaning, which corresponds phonetically to Skr. prshti fem. rib ; in sense it is nearer to the (prob. cognate) Skr. prshtd back.] The inward roof or ceiling of a chamber; also, a ridge-pole ; = first-piece. c 1000 /Klfric Gloss, in Wr.-Wiilcker 126 Laquear , fyrst. c 127s Death 155 in O. E. Misc. (1872) 179 pe rof and he virste schal ligge on bine chynne. 1378 Durham Halm. Rolls (Surtees) 149 In manu Johannis fil. Gilberti x spars et j first, et in gardino praed. Thomae sunt v ribs et firsts. b. Comb., first-piece ( Chesh. Gloss), -pole, ( Shropsh. IVordbk.), the ridge piece of roof- timbers. First (first), a. (sb.) and adv. Forms : 1 fyrst, fyrest, first, 2-6 fyrst, 3 Orm. firrst, south, vorst, 4 forst, 3-4 ferst, (3 feirst, ferest, -ist, south. verst), 3-5 firste, (3 fireste, -ist, south, virst), furst(e, 3-7 frist, (4 freste), 4-5 fryst, (6 fruist), 3- first. [OE . fyrst, fyrest, OYxvs.. ferost, -est, -st, OS. *furist, used absol. as furisto wk. masc., prince (MDu. vorste, mod.Du. vorst prince), OHG. furist foremost, first, highest, absol. furisto prince (MHG. viirste, mod.G. furst sb., prince), ON. fyrstr (Sw.fb'rsla , I)a. forste ; the sbs. Sw. furste, Da. fyrste, prince, are adapted from Ger.) Com. Teut. furisto-, a superlative formation on the stem *fur-, for- (see Foee adv., For prep.). The cor¬ responding comparative occurs in OHG. furiro, ON. fyrre, earlier. From the same stem, with different superlative suffix, is formed OE. forma first, whence the double superlative form fyrmest : see Former, Foremost. The OTeut. fur-, for-, represents OAryan pr-, whence in most of the Aryan langs. words meaning ‘ first 1 are derived, chiefly with superlative suffixes. Cf. Skr. prathama, OS 1 . privii, Gr. n-pturos, irpcortoros, L. primusJ] A. adj. That is before all others ; earliest in time or serial order, foremost in position, rank, or importance. Hence often serving the function of a numeral adjective, the ordinal of One, in which use it may be written ist. In Eng., as in most other langs., the number one has no regularly formed ordinal, and in OE. the want was supplied by the use of various superlative adjs. meaning ‘ foremost ’ or ‘earliest’, viz. fyrst, forma, fyrmest (also form est, Northumbrian fortfjnest) and drest. In middle English the other words became obsolete, or lost their ordinal sense, so that first became the sole representative of the ordinal of one. This is now its most prominent use, and colours all the applications of the etymological sense; but the word can stiil be applied (like L. primus, F. premier, etc.) in contexts where a true ordinal would be inadmissible, as in ‘ the first days of the year’, ‘ one of the first men in the country’, etc. I. As simple adjective. 1 . In regard to time : Prior to all others in occur¬ rence, existence, etc.; happening, existing, or pre¬ senting itself before the others ; earliest. a 1000 Ccedmon's Exod. 399 (Gr.) Fyrst ferhftbana. c 1220 Bestiary 675 Dus fel adam.. vre firste fader. 1345 in Heath Grocers' Comp. (1829) 45 The freste Wardynes that euer were, of owre fraternyte. c 1440 Promp. Pan:'. 162/1 Fyrste be-getynge, primogenitura. 1483 Cath. Angl. 132/1 j?e Firste martyr, prothomartir. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems lxxxi. 5 Sen oure first father formed was of clay. a 1626 Bacon Max. Uses Com. Law (1636) 23 This maner of gaining lands was in the first dayes, and is not now of use in England. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. 1. iv. § 7 Cadmus Milesius, supposed to be the first writer of His¬ tory. 1698 Vanbrugh Prov. Wife 1. i, He is the first aggressor, not I. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 16 Another planted the first vines in the neighbourhood of the Cape of Good Hope. 1868 Lockyer Elem. Astron. v. (1879) J 93 The first clock in England was made about 1288. b. With the application defined by a relative clause, for which in mod.Eng. to with infinitive is often substituted. cizoo Ormin 797 He wass pe firrste mann pat brohhte word onn eorpe. a 1300 Cursor M. 1469 (Cott.) Enoch .. was pe first pat letters fand. c 1400 Destr. Troy 4330 The furst f>at was founden of pes fals goddes. 1568 Tilney Disc. Mari age A vij, I will not be the first, that shall disobey. 1798 Coleridge Anc. Mar. 11, We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea. 1857 Buckle Civiliz. I. xii. 658 [Voltaire] was the first who popularized in France the philosophy of Newton. Mod. You were the first person to explain the matter. He is always the first to find fault. This part of the system was one of the first to be developed, and one of the first to disappear. c. Said of anything which occurs or presents itself next after a given point of time expressed or implied in the sentence. 1607 Marston What you Will v, The first thing her bounty shall fetch is, my blush-colour satin suit from pawn. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) II. ii. 42 The first business was to get canoes. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. 111. § 6 Make an experiment on the first man you meet. 1834 L. Ritchie Wand, by Seine (1835) 138 The first thing to be done was to secure lodgings. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 138 One of his first acts, after he became King, was to recall Ormond from Ireland. 1871 M. Collins Mrq. <$• Merclt. I. viii. 240, I shall get back to London by the first train. d. With emphatic force, where it is implied that the first event or occurrence is the only one to be regarded or waited for. 1399 Langl. Rich. Rcdeles in. 56 pey ffolwith pe vois at pe ffrist note. 1506 Pylgrym. Sir R. Guy If or de (Camden) 16 To euery pylgryme at the firste fote that he setteth on londe there is graunted plenary remyssion. 1607 Shaks. Cor. 1. viii. 5 Let the first Budger dye the others Slaue. 1675 Marvell Corr. Wks. 1872-5 II. 433 [‘ Mock speech ’ of Charles II], I have made Crew, Bishop of Durham, and, at the first word of my Lady Portsmouth, Prideaux, Bishop of Chichester. 1699 Hacke Coll. Voy. 11. 39 Some Men of War lay ready to put out after us upon the first News of our being near, a 1822 Shelley Unfin. Drama 153 Like a child’s legend on the tideless sand, Which the first foam erases half and half Leaves legible. e. In phr.: At (+ the) first sight (or view), at {the) first blush . (Also, f at first dash, push.) a 1300 Cursor M. 8029 (Cott.) He kneu pain at pe first sight. 1579 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 52 Euphues at the first sight was so kindjed with desire, that [etc.]. 1583 Golding Calvin on Deut. ix. 51 True it is that we perceiue it not at the first push, a 1593 Marlowe Hero <$• Leander 1. 176 Who ever lov’d,. that lov’d not at first sight? 1611 Middleton Roaring Girl iv. i, Sir A. You can play any lesson [music]? Moll. At first sight, sir. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677L130 At first view I thought they had some resemblance witn those four monsters. 1670 Cotton Espernon it. v. 202 So brisk an Article as this at first dash, and before the King would proceed to any further Treaty.. would startle the Spanish Gravity. 1702 C. Mather Magn. C/ir. 1. ii. (1833)1. 54 They saw no Indians, .but such as at the first sight always ran away. 1702 Eng.fheophi'ast. 575 A fool may so far imitate the mien .. of a wise man, as at first blush to put a man at a stand what to make of him. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 426 There is more of system in the JPhaedo than appears at first sight. f. ( The) first thing: advb. phrase = as the first thing that is done. [1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, 111. iii. 205 Rob me the Exchequer the first thing thou do’st. 1720 Humorous Lett, in Loud. Jrnl. (1721) 50 My fancy .. carried me, the first thing it did .. to Rome.] 1836 Dickens Sk. Boz 2 Go to this woman the first thing in the morning. 1885 Anstey Tinted Venus 74 I’ll buy a cloak for her the first thing to-morrow morning. 1893 Pall Mall Mag. II. 79, I was to. .hand it over to him the moment we pulled up .. so that he might give it to the little one first thing. g. ellipt. for ‘ the first of the season \ 1599 H. Buttes Dyets drie Dinner G iij b, The first buds, or yong braunches shooting from the roote. i860 Gosse Rom. Nat. Hist. 8 The first cuckoo, the first swallow, sent a thrill through our hearts which is not repeated. h. After the name of a day of the week : Next, following, north, dial. 1781 D. Ritchie in Southey' 1 s Life of A. Bell (1844) I. 252, I .. must prepare a new sermon for Sabbath first. 1868 Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., ‘ Sat'rdd first' for Saturday next. 1890 Glasgow Herald 24 Mar. 1/1 Tickets for the special service in the Cathedral, on Thursday first. 2 . Preceding all others in a series, succession, order, set or enumeration. O. E. Chron. an. 963 On pe fyrste sunnon daej of Aduent. a 1300 Cursor M. 7219 (Cott.) Sampson, pi first wijf lerd pe witte. 1380 Lay Folks Catech. (Lamb. MS.) 171 The furst part [of the Hail Mary] contenys pe wordys of Gabriel. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 11 We seie is hoot in pe firste degree pat is I-heet of kyndely heete. 1484 Caxton Fables of AlsoP ii. Proem, A fable whiche is the fyrst and formost of this second book. 1599 H. Buttes Dyets drie Dinner L v, He maketh Quaile the first dish of the first course. 1670 Lady M. Bertie in 12 th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 22 The second part .. is then the first time acted. 1773 Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. 11, The first blow is half the battle. 1827 Jarman Powell's Devises II. 291 The testator had a first marriage in contemplation. 1834 L. Ritchie Wand, by Seine 124 The first thing that fixes our eye is the noble river covered with boats. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. lxxxv. 108 First love, first friendship, equal powers, That marry with the virgin heart. 1874 Chadwick Base Ball Man. 28 When a player is on the first base and one on the third. Mod. Take the first turning on the right. b. in dates, with ellipsis of day. Also in sport¬ ing language. The First, spec, the first of September (when partridge-shooting begins). 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, it. iv. 71, I summon your Grace, to his Maiesties Parliament, Holden at Bury, the first of this next Moneth. 1673 S’ too Him Bayes 20 Do’st thou take this to be the first of April? 1818 Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. v. 525 He encamped on the ist of June within three miles of the place. c. In the first place : an adverbial phrase = first, firstly: see Place. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 393, I shall therefore in the first place see what [etc.]. d. US. The first = even, or so much as, the first; even one, a single. 1849 Let. in N. Y. Tribune 23 May 2/2 On my knees, which I couldn't move the first inch. 1857 W. A. Gilbert Sp. in Ho. Reps. 27 Feb. (Bartlett), I am not aware of having committed the first act which would bring upon me the displeasure of the house. e. With a cardinal numeral. In this combina¬ tion three varieties of word-order have been used. (a) The earliest recorded form is the two (three, etc.) first ( = Fr. les deux premiers, Ger. die zwei ersten). This still survives, though it is now rarely used where numbers above 3 or 4 are concerned. + (b) In 15-16th c. two (three, etc.) the first FIRST. 251 FIRST. occasionally occurs, (c) In 16th c. the growing tendency to regard first as an ordinal led to the introduction of the form the first two {three, etc.), corresponding to ‘the second two (or three, etc.) \ This is now the universal form in the case of high numbers; but for numbers up to 3 or 4 many writers use it only when the number specified is viewed as a collective unity contrasted with the second or some succeeding 2, 3, or 4 in the series. (a) 1340 Ayenb. 11 pe pri verste. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 1 Of the whiche thre bokes, the two first be but as prefaces. 1650 R. Stapylton Strada’s Low C. IVarres I. 13 The two first dayes the King .. had the Victory. x 779-8i Johnson L. P., Pope Wks. IV. 136 Each of the six first lines of the Iliad might lose two syllables. 1781 Gibbon Decl. <5* F. III. 197 During the five first ages of the city. (< b ) 1447 Shillingford Lett. (Camden) 28 As ye have .. al- legged by two the furst divers articulis. 1531 Elyot Gov. i. xi, Two the fyrste bokes of the warke of Aristotell. 1540-1 — Image Gov. 79 In eight the first yeeres of his empire. (c) x 593 Fale Dialling 35 Omitting likewise y° first three, &c. 1661 B ram hall Just Vi? id. i. 2 For the first six hundred years and upwards. 1704 Hearne Duct. Hist. (1714) I. 134 He wrote the Life of Alexander in x Books, whereof the first two are lost, i860 Ellicott Life Our Lord viii. (1865) 373 The first two Evangelists. 3 . Foremost or most advanced in position (said of things either at rest or in motion). In OE. as an independent sense, = ‘ front ’; subsequently as a special use of sense 2, first opposed to second ., third , etc. a 1000 Laws Ethelbert § 51 JEt Sam feower topum fyrestum. 1647 R* Stapylton Juvenal 218 The first-file of orators. 1704 Marlborough in Loud. Gaz. No. 4045/2 With, .the Foot of the First Line, I passed the Lech. 1801 James Milit. Diet. s. v. Line , In order that the first line .. may .. not endanger the disposition of the second line, by precipitately crowding upon it. Mod. He was sitting in the first row of seats. The first horse in the race. b. In adverbial phrases (where foremost may be substituted), headfirst, feet first, etc., i. e. with the head, feet, etc., foremost. 1877 Spurgeon Serin. XXIII. 46 We used to dip our toes in the waves instead of taking a plunge head first. 4 . Foremost, preceding all others, in dignity, rank, importance, or excellence. 1382 Wyclif Mark ix. 34 If any man wole be the firste among 30U. 1548 Patten Exped. Scot, in Arb. Garner III. 118 It was counted for the first part of medicine to have it [i. e. the finger] cut quite away. 1670 G. H. Hist. Car¬ dinals 1.11. 37 The Apostles were all first, and all last, with¬ out any difference of priority. 1720 Ozell Vertot's Rom. Rep. II. xiv. 346 Courage, a General’s first Quality. 1770 Langhorne Plutarch (1879) H- 639/i Eumenes. .raised him¬ self to the first military employments. 1798 Anti-Jacobin xxxi. 182 The song of Rogero. .is admitted on all hands to be in the very first taste. 1821 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev . XCV. 538 Fruit and vegetables, articles of the first necessity at Naples. 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer. III. 30, I was told a great deal about ‘the first people in Boston’. 1848 Macaulay Hist . Eng. I. 370 There were coffee houses where the first medical men might be consulted. b. In official titles, etc., indicating that the person designated has precedence over colleagues, as first minister (more commonly ‘prime minister’); First Lord of the Admiralty, of the Treasury ; first lieutenant , etc. 1753 Hanway Trav. (1762) II. 11. i. 70 The first minister .. is a kind of representative on behalf of the regal pre¬ rogative. 1782 Ann. Reg. 255 Royal Oak—Mr. Gwatkin, first lieutenant, killed. 1843 Carlyle Past <$* Pr. 11. xvii. 174 Of whom as First Lord of the Treasury, .we could be so glad and proud. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade , First mate, the chief officer of a merchant vessel; the next in rank to the captain. 1866 H. Coppice Grant his Campaigns 25 His first-lieutenancy dated from Sep. 16,1847. 1884 Manclt. Exam. 19 Feb. 5/2 The plaintiff, .was engaged as first tenor at the Comedy Theatre. II. ahsol. (quasi-^.) 5 . In certain absolute uses. a. The first : the thing or person first mentioned. (Where only two are mentioned, the former is now commonly preferred.) 1579 Fyly Euphues (1607) Biv, I am neither so suspitious to mistrust your good wil, nor so sottish to mislike your good counsaile, as I am therefore to thanke you for the first, so it stands me vpon to thinke better of the latter. 1774 Pennant Tour in Scotl. in 1772, 238 They yield bear and potatoes, much of the first is used in distillation. b. spec, in Her. The first =that tincture which is first mentioned in a blazon. 1562 Leigh Armorie (1597) 28 b, I sayde, voyded of the first, because Argent was the first that was named. 1705 Hearne Collect. 8 Dec., Sable, A Cross argent, charg’d with another of the first. 1828-40 Berry Encycl. Her. II, Filshed quarterly or. and az.; on the second and third quarters, an eagle, displayed, of the first. c. The first = the first part, the beginning {obs. or dial, in ordinary phrases). Esp. in phrases The first of the ebb, flood, or tide. a 1586 Sidney Arcadia 11. xxvii. (1590) 220b, But now perceiuing the flood of their furie began to ebbe, he thought it policie to take the first of the tide. 1670 Narborough in Ace. Sev. Late Voy. (1711) 44 At the first of the Flood we caught five hundred Fishes. 1761 Brit. Mag. II. 446 The six prames .. dropt down upon the first of the ebb. 1784 Unfort. Sensibility II. 67 It was boiling from the first of the morning, till they wanted their dinners. 1798 Invasion II. 14, I had. .from the first of his entrance, kept retreating to the other side of the room. 1840 Marryat Poor Jacli xxii, We shall be able to stem th & first of the flood. d. Printing. (Sec quots.) 1683 Moxon Mech. Exerc. II. 319 The one they dis¬ tinguish by the name of First, the other his Second, these call one another Companions : The First is he that has wrought longest at that Press. 1888 Jacobi Printers’ Vocab., First , the senior or leading partner of the two men who work at a hand-press. e. First and last : all, * one and all \ 1589 R. Harvey PI. Perc. 2 First and last, helpe, quench all. 6. In adverbial phrases with a preposition : a. From the first : from the beginning, at the outset, to start with. From first to last: from be¬ ginning to end, throughout. 1611 Bible Luke i. 3 Hauing had perfect vnderstanding of things from the very first. 1737 Bracken Fai-ricry Impr. (1757) II. 18 Their Practice, from the first, is ill grounded. 1849 Grote Greece 11. lxxii. (1862) VI. 347 The mainstay of the Thirty from first to last. 1885 Manch. Even. News 16 July 3/1 The disaffected section .. made a dead set against him from the first. 1893 Strand Mag. VI. 473/1 Mr. Gladstone was. .in his place from first to last. b. At first (also, at the first, now rare ) : + (a) first, for the first time; + ( b ) in the first place; + (f) at once, immediately; (d) at the beginning, at the first stage. (a) a 1300 Cursor M. 12605 (Gott.) Wid pe grete maistris pus he badd Till mari had hir iornai made, pan at pe frist on him toght scho. c 1340 Ibid. 1558 (Fairf.) And now at first wakkenes woghe. 1682 Creech Lucretius 11. 576 In Phrygia Corn at first took birth. ( b ) 1340 Ayenb. 46 Of pise 3enne uondep pe dyeuel in vif maneres .. Auerst ine foie zkjpe efterward ine foie wordes [etc.]. C1380 Wyclif Set. IVks. III. 359 We graunten at pe firste, pat [etc.]. (c) 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. vii. 159 And hoped aftur hunger po, pat herde him atte furste. a 1626 Bp. Andrewes 7 Serm. iv. (1627) 65 He bids them .. but whistle for an Angell, and they will come at first. 1643 Prynne Sov. Power Pari. hi. 132 How little coherence there is in this Argument, the silliest childe may at first discern. (d) 1577 F. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iv. (1586) 185 Their broode lieth very small at the first. 1599 H. Buttes Dyets drie Dinner B iv, This fruite was at first white. 1611 Bible ‘John xii. 16 These things vnderstood not his disciples at the first. 1671 Milton Samson 883 Why then Didst thou at first receive me for thy husband ? 1712 Steele Sped. No. 455 f 3, I am no more delighted with it than I was at the very first. 1776 Tidal of Nundocomar 23/1 He was at first very ill, then got better. 1845 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 25 The assurance he had at first displayed was now suc¬ ceeded by an air of embarrassment. 1874 Boutell A rms <$• Arm. xi. 216 At the first they made petards with it. f c. With the first : among the first (persons or things); hence, chiefly, especially (cf. L. cum primis). 1611 Abp. Ussher Lett. (1686) 15 Of which we will not fail to certifie you with the first. 1621 T. Bedford Sinne unto Death 34 This is apprime necessarium , necessary with the first. 1660 F. Brooke Le Blanc's Trav. 270 The servant .. coming in with the first. 7 . Elliptical uses passing into quasi-jA (admit¬ ting of plural). a. Anything that is first (iionce-uses). 1587 Golding De Momay vi. 71 There are two Firsts: the one is Gods worde, and the other is God. 1892 Daily News 1 Dec. 2/3 The 1st June and December are the two quietest ‘ firsts' in the year. b. Comm. First of exchange', the first of a set of bills of exchange of even tenor and date. [The ellipsis of bill is common to all the European langs ; ; but the phrase is often written in full, both in Eng. and in the other langs.] 1809 R. Langford Introd. Trade 27 Three months after date, pay this my first of Exchange (second and third not paid) to the order of Mr. R. Rich. 1866 Crump Banking v. 137 In case of delay of the arrival of a first of exchange. c. A place in the first class in an examination- list ; the first place in an athletic contest. Also, a man who has taken a place in the first class. 1850 Clough Dipsychus ix. no Philip returned to his books. .Got a first, 'tis said. 1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. iv. (1889) 32 He’ll be a safe first, though I don’t believe he reads more than you or I. 1885 M. Pattison Mem. 26 The men who got firsts would have done so equally at any college. 1885 Cyclist 19 Aug. 1089/1 He .. won four firsts and a second last week. d. Mus. (See quot. 1823). #1774 Goldsm. Exper. Philos. (1776) II. 159 The per¬ formers on glasses, .who play firsts, seconds, and sometimes a base altogether. 1823 Crabb Technol. Did., First {Mus.'), the upper part of a duett, trio [etc.]. e. Base-ball : = first base. f. pi. Used to denote the best quality of certain articles of commerce, e. g. butter. 1825 J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic. 535 The finest marls, called firsts, are selected for the arches of doorways, &c. 1832 Porter Porcelain # Glass (Lardner) 186 Crown glass is sold, according to its quality, under four different denominations—firsts, seconds, thirds, and fourths. 1887 Times 27 Aug., Butter :—Firsts, 119s.; seconds, 1135’. B. adv. [OE. fyrst, the accus. neut. of the adj. Cf. ON .fyrst, OHG .furisti] 1 . Before any other or anything else, in time, serial order, rank, etc.; before anything else is done or takes place. Also in strengthened phr. first of all, first and foremost. O. E. Chron. an. 963 Se biscop com pa fyrst to Eli^. c 1200 Ormin 6876 Forrpi comenn pe33 himm firrst To sekenn i patt ende. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 383 To chyrche & to pouere men he 3ef vorst, as he ssolde. c 1340 Cursor M. 22879 (Trin.) Bi his wille dop pat kyng out of pe harde tre to spryng forst pe leef & penne pe flour and sipen fruyt. 1 375 Barbour Bruce 1. 542 Julius Cesar .. Off Rome wes fryst maid Emperour. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xix. 116 pat she furste & formest ferme shulde bilieue c 1450 St. Cuth- bert (Surtees) 732 pai straue wha first to lande myght wynne. i 5 S 3 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 5 [He] must fasten his mynde firste of all, upon these five especial! pointes. 1635 R.N. tr. Camden’s Hist. Eliz. 11. xii. no She wished them, first and formost to get the Queene’s assent. 1667 Milton P. L. i. 377 Who first, who last Rous’d from the slumber, on that fiery Couch. 1718 Prior Alma in. 397 Who first offend will first complain. 1776 Trial ofNundocomar 68/1 Having re¬ ceived that money, I will pay you first, and after that will pay others. 1814 Wordsw. Excursion 1. Poems (1888) 422/1 Oh, Sir 1 the good die first. 1841 Keble Serm. xi. (1848'275 The two who first saw our Lord. 1874 Stubbs Const. Hist. I. xii. 492 Consent of the historians .. makes him, first and foremost, a legislator. 1884 W. C. Smith Kildrostan 88 Your wet ropes, .give blisters first And then a horny hand. b. proverb. First come, first served. 1545 Brinklow Compi. xvii. E iij, First come first serued, so one or ij shal be all payed, & y° rest shal haue nothing. 1632 Massinger Maid of Hon. 1. ii, And you know. First come first serv’d, i860 Macm. Mag. June 113 The sailors.. rushed away to the boat. First come, first in. 1887 Times (weekly ed.) 24 June 7/4 It was .. a case of first come, first served. c. In a statement, discourse, or argument, where points or topics are enumerated : In the first place, as the first thing to be mentioned or considered, firstly. c 1380 Wyclif Set. IVks. III. 441 pai say furst, pat [etc.]. c 1386 Chaucer Melib. P275 Ffirst and forward ye han erred in thassemblynge of youre conseillours. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. vii. 15 For ich formest and ferst .. Haue ybe vnboxome. 1583 Babington Commandm. v. (1637) 4 1 First & formest .. let them [etc.]. 1644 H. Parker Jus Pop. 39, I make answer First. .Secondly. .Thirdly. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 89 r 4 First of all I would have them seriously think on the Shortness of their Time. 1847 [see Firstly i], *p d. At first, originally. Obs. c 1100 tr. Bull of Pope Agatho in Cod. Dipl. V. 30 Ic Saxulf, Se waes first abbot and nu earn biscop, a 1300 Cursor M. 5373 (Gott.) Frist was he here as vr thrall, Nou vnder me es he mast of all. 1598 Grenewey Tacitus’ Amt. 11. xviii. (1622) 58 Plancina growing more insolent then first, a 1721 Prior (J.), Heav’n, sure, has kept this spot of earth uncurst, To shew how all things were created first. e. First and last: taking one thing with another, at one time and another, reckoned altogether, in all. First or last: at one time or another, sooner or later. 1678 Lady Chaworth in 12 th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 45 Lord Shrewsbery is like to marry Mr. Chiffens his daughter who will be first and last made worth 40,000/. to him. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 11. 2 The Bay of Campeachy, where I lived first and last about 3 Years, a 1700 Dryden(J.), All are fools and lovers first or last. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) I. iv. 65, I brought away all the sails first and last. 2 . Before some other specified or implied thing, time, event, etc. a 1300 Cursor M. 1625 (Gott.) Bot firist a tre, ar i bigine, I sal here sett of noe kinne. 1567 Satir. Poems Reform. vii. 189 Conarus was inclosit First being dewlie for his fault deposit. 1597 J. Payne Royal Exch. 38 Although it be long fyrst. .yet. .they come. 1611 Bible 2 Sam. xiii. 13 Thou shalt not see my face, except thou first bring Michal Sauls daughter. 1618 Bolton Floras (1636) 251 They wasted the puissance of Sertorius in battell, though it was long first. 1662 J. Davies tr. dear ins' Voy, A mbass. 7 Ask’d . .when those of Holstein would be receiv’d ; he told him.. it would be three weeks first. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) VIII. 15 Mr. Pocock undertakes to deliver this; but fears it will be Saturday night first. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. IV. xxviii, I wounded one who first assaulted me. 1855 Dickens Dorrit v, She had this bit of work to begin first .. that bit of work to finish first. 1884 A. R. Pennington IViclif ix. 297 It is impossible for the priest to remit the sins of any unless they are first remitted by Christ. b. In preference to something else; rather, sooner (than do something specified or implied, or allow it to be done). 1580 A. Melville in Life (1819) I. ii. 87 They shall have all the blood of my body first, a 1625 Fletcher Hunt. Lieutenant 11. iv, My noble childe, thou shalt not fall in virtue, I and my power will sink first. 1797 Frere & Canning in Anti-Jacobin ii. 11, I give thee sixpence? I will see thee d—d first l 1819 Shelley Cenci v. iii. 99 O weak, wicked tongue .. would that thou hadst been Cut out and thrown to dogs first! 1869 Browning Ring Bk. IV. x. 311 Die? He’ll bribe a gaoler or break prison first 1 3 . For the first time, then and not earlier (with reference to a specified time, place, etc.). c 1300 St. Brandan 246 After than that seint Brendan furst this yle i-se3* c 1350 Will. Palerne 648 pus was ferst here sad sorwe sesed pat time. £1400 Maundev. (1839) xi. 126 From penne, Pylgrymes mowen fyrste se vn to Jeru¬ salem. a 1461 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 249 Whan seyntes felle fryst from hevene. c 1600 Shaks. Sonn. civ. 2 For as you were when first your eye I eyde. Such seemes your beautie still. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. 1. § 1, I knew him first at the Temple. 1776 Trial of Fundocomar 25/1 When was it that you first heard mention of the bond ? 1850 Tennyson In Mem. xl, A maiden in the day When first she wears her orange-flower ! C. Comb. 1 . Chiefly of adv. with ppl. adjs., as first-begot, -begotten (whence first-begoltens/up), -built, -con¬ ceived, -created, -done, -endeavouring, -famed, -formed, -found, -framed, -gendered, -gotten, -grown, -intended, -invented, + -kinned ( = Fiest-born), 32-2 FIRST. 252 FIRST-FRUIT. - made, - mentioned, -moving, - named, etc. Also with ordinary adj., as first-ripe. Also with vbl. nouns, as first-beginner, - beginning , -comer, - mover, - running . The combs, first-movable, -moved, -mover, -moving have all been used as equivalents for the primurn mobile of the old astronomy. 1587 Golding De Momay vi. 71 Hee calleth him the *Firstbeginner. i860 Munro Lucretius (1864) 1. 55, I. .will open up the *first-beginnings of things. 1671 Milton P. R. I. 89 His *first-begot we know. 1382 Wyclif Zech. xii. 10 In deth of the *first bygoten. c 1440 Promp. Pam. 162/1 Fyrste begoton, primogenitus. 1583 Golding Calvin on Dent. cxcv. 1212 Hee was not of the common sort, but had as it were a *first-begottenship. 1887 Bowen Virg. sEneid in. 17, I .. Found my *first-built walls in an evil hour on the shore. 1868 Lowell Shahs. Pr. Wks. 1890 III. 45 The privi¬ lege which only ^first-comers enjoy. 1880 Libr. Univ. Knowl. X. 368 The foundling named by the first-comer. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, m. ii. 44 The *first-conceiued sound. 1552 Huloet, *First created, protoplastes. 1671 Milton Samson 83 O first-created beam. 1552 Huloet, *First done or spedde, prxuersus. 1627 Milton Vac at. Exerc. 2 Hail Native Language, that by sinews weak Didst move my ^first-endeavouring tongue to speak. 1859 Tennyson Guinevere 321 The two ^first-famed for courtesy. 1497 Bp. Alcock Mons Perfect. B iij, Our *fyrst fourmed faders. 1874 Darwin in Life$ Lett. (1887) III. 194, I have found first-formed theories erroneous. 1594 Blundevil Exerc. 11. (ed. 7) 109 So shall you have the *first found number. 1633 Earl Manch. At Mondo (1636) 12 Our ^first-framed father Adam. 1388 Wyclif Ps. civ. [cv.] 36 He killide ech the *firste gendrid thing in the lond of hem. 1382 Ibid., He smot alle the *firste goten in the lond of hem. 1785 J. Phillips Treat. Inland Navig. 47, 900/. less than the*first-intended expence. 1827 G. Higgins Celtic Druids 35 The *first invented letters. ✓11300 E. E. Psalter civ. [cv.] 36 He smate al *first-kinned in land of pa. 1630 Drayton Noah's Flood 203 The earthly Heauen, where he had plac’t That *first-made Man. 1877 J. D. Chambers Divine Worship 390 The *first-mentioned formularies are the more ancient. 1594 Blundevil Exerc . in. 1. iii. (ed. 7) 281 The tenth [sphere] is called the *first movable. 1667 Milton P. L. iii. 483 That Crystalline Sphear whose ballance weighs The Trepidation talkt, and that *first mov’d. Ibid. vn. 500 As the great *first-Movers hand First wheeld thir course. 1771 Smollett Humph. Cl. (1815) 118 The opposition cursed him, as the indefatigable drudge of a first-mover. 1796 Hutton Math. Diet., First Mover in the old Astronomy, is the Primurn Mobile. C1625 Milton On Death fair Inf 39 Whether above that high *first- moving sphere Or in the Elysian fields. 1838 Dickens O. Twist xviii, The ^first-named young gentleman. 1599 H. Buttes Dyets drie Dinner Cij, In Latine Prsecocia, or Praematura. Id est. Soone ripe, or *first ripe. 1611 Bible Num. xiii. 20 Now the time was the time of the first ripe grapes. 1764 Foote Patron 11. Wks. 1799 I. 341 When . .the sprightly ^first-runnings of life are rack’d off, you offer the vapid dregs to your deity. 2 . In syntactical combs, of a permanent nature or with a special meaning: for many of these, as first cause , cousin, intention , magnitude, person, principle , water , see the respective sbs. Many of them are used attrib. and as adjs., and are then regularly written with the hyphen: see esp. first chop (Chop sbf> 4), First-class, First- rate. Also, first aid (to the wounded ), assist¬ ance given on the spot in the case of street-acci¬ dents and the like, before proper medical treat¬ ment is procured ; first birth, a first-born child ; also fig. ; hence + first-birth-right ; first coat, the first layer of plaster or paint; hence first- coated a .; first cost, prime cost; also attrib.; first-foot {north.), the person who first enters a house after the beginning of the new year; hence first-footing; first form, (a) the lowest form in a school; ( b ) in Printing (see quots.); first futtocks (Naut. ; see quot.) ; first man {Mining', see quot.) ; first motion {Mech. ; see quot.) ; first night, the night on which a play, or a particular representation of a play, is first pro¬ duced on the stage; also attrib. ; hence first- nighter (one who assists at a ‘ first night’), first- nighting ; f first penny (see Penny) ; first sight, {a) see sense 1 above ; (£) that which is seen for the first time {nonce-use)', also attrib.; whence first-sighted ppl. a. {nonce-wd.); first story = First floor. Also First day, etc. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. ix. xxxi. (1495) 366 The vertue of the angell that slewe the *fyrste byrthes were wythstonde therby. 1827 Hare Guesses Ser. 1. (1847) 55 Those twin firstbirths of Poetry. 1650 J. Trapp Clavis to the Bible I. 299 Then came forth Perez .. who took the * first-birth-right and kingdom by force. 1823 P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 390 * First Coat of two-coat work, in plastering, is denominated laying when on lath, and rendering when on brick. 1870 Eng. Mech. 11 Feb. 385/1 The laths are ‘primed’ or *first-coated. 1772 Franklin Lett. Wks. 1887 IV. 547 Which, at the * first cost here, can scarce be reckoned at less than half a guinea a head per annum. 1778 T. Jefferson Lett. Wks. 1893 II. 156 The master had once sold the whole cargo .. for 5J. 3/. the livre, first cost. 1840 L'pool. Jrnl. 4 July 1/4 Quantity of soiled account books .. at first cost prices. 1805 Nicol Poems I. 33 (Jam.) Ere new years’ morn begin to peep At doors,*the lasses sentrie keep, To let the *first-fit in. 1883 J. Parker Tyne Ch. 4 How glad .. the dear soul was when she had a good ‘first-foot’ on New Year’s morning. 1864 A. M c Kay Hist. Kilmarnock (ed. 4) 112 Another custom .. was that of ^first-footing on the morning of New-year's day. 1883 Black in Harper's Mag. Dec. 63 At midnight ‘ first-footing’ begins, and it is considered very lucky if your first visitor should be a dark-haired man. 1683 Moxon Mech. Exerc. II. 376 * First Form, the Form the White Paper is Printed on, which generally by Rule ought to have the First Page of the Sheet in it. 1888 Jacobi Printers' Vocab., First Forme, the inner or outer Iforme] of a sheet — whichever is printed off first. 1867 Smyth Sailors Wordbk., * First Futtocks, timbers in the frame of a ship which come down between the floor-timbers almost to the keel on each side. 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining , *First man, the head butty or coal getter in a stall, who..is re¬ sponsible for the safety of the men working under him and for the proper working of the coal. 1888 Lockwood's Diet. Mech. Engin., * First-motion, a term of general application, as first motion shafts, first motion belts, first motion wheel, &c., meaning the one.which first receives, and then communicates, power to its successors. 1894 Westm. Gas. 3 Apr. 2/3 A ‘*first-night’ notice. 1886 Boisgobey's Steel Necklace v. 79 All the ^first-nighters had turned out in force. 1887 Daily Ncivs 3 May 6/1 The social philosophy of *first nighting. 1674 Marvell Com. Wks. 1872-5 II. 424 E of Pembroke marryed to Madame Qerronal’s [«V] sister. The King gives 1000 *first peny. 1773 Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. in, Then your *first sight deceived you; for I think him one of the most brazen first sights that ever astonished my senses. 1859 Farrar J. Home 27 Without any first-sight vows of eternal friendship. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) I. 305 To compliment our own sagacity, in our *first-sighted impressions. 1662 J. Davies tr. Mandelslo's Trav. 137 The River which often overflowes drowns them sometimes to the *first story. 1834 L. Ritchie Wand, by Seine (1835) 181 [The prisons] were sometimes placed in the first story of the donjon, i860 Bartlett Did. Amer. s. v. Story, In the United States the floor next the ground is the first story. [Cf. First-floor 2.] First (foist), v. [f. First a.] + 1 . nonce-uses. a. intr. As rendering of Gr. TTpcuTevtiv : To have the first place, be first, b. trans. With allusion to the vb. to second (see con¬ text) : To advance (a person) to the first place. 1625 Gill Sacr. Philos, iv. 49 That Hee may bee E v Traor npatTcviov firsting, or having the first place or preheminence in all things. 1656 S. H. Gold. La7v 11 These also will befool you. .to gain you to second the King, that so ye may second, and so first them. 12 . trans. To propose (a resolution), ‘move’ (as opposed to ‘ seconding *). Obs. 1656 Burton's Diary (1828) I. 66 The question in the morning, which was firsted and seconded. 1658 I bid. III. 193 The question which is firsted and seconded. 3 . dial. To ‘set out ’ with the hoe. i860 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XXI. 11. 386 The swedes, .were not ‘ firsted ’ until August 6th. First: see Frist sb. and v. Obs. Frrst-born, a. [f. First adv. + Born a .] 1 . That is born first, eldest. 1382 Wyclif Luke ii. 7 Sche childide her firste born sone. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iii. viii. 55 Cayn the fyrst borne child. 1611 Bible Deut. xxi. 15 If the first borne sonne be hers that was hated. 1847 Mrs. A. Kerr Hist. Se-ruia 250 He often called him ‘Son’; saying, ‘Alexa, his first-born son, was not dearer to him’. transf. 1784 Cowpf.r Task iv. 701 The firstborn efforts of my youthful Muse. 1807 Crabbe Newspaper 449 Read your first-born work a thousand times. b. nonce-use. That is the right of the first-born. 1770 Goldsm. Dcs. Vill. 256 Spontaneous joys .. The soul adopts, and owns their first-born sway. 2 . absol. (quasi- sb.) a 1340 Hampole Psalter cxxxiv. 8 He smote pe first borne of egipt fro man til best. 1587 Golding De Mornay vi. 71 The Firstborne of God. 1667 Milton P. L. i. 489 Jehovah .. equal’d with one stroke Both her first born and all her bleating Gods. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 263 p 1 Camillus and his first-born dwell together. 1837 Lytton E. Maltrav. ill. iv, Teresa was trying to teach her first-born to read. transf. 1830 Tennyson Ode Mem. 92 The love thou bearest The first-born of thy genius. b. rarely as sb. with plural ending. 1866 J. H. Newman Gerontius ii. 21 All praise to Him .. By whom proud first-borns from their thrones are cafct. First chop, first-chop : see Chop sb\ Frrst cla*ss, first-class. A. (as two words). The first of a series of classes in which things or persons are grouped. Usually implying priority in importance; esp. in fixed or technical applica¬ tions, e.g. the highest grade of accommodation for travellers by railway or steamboat, the highest division in an examination-list. 1807 [see Class sb. 4]. 1846 Commercial Mag. Oct. 135 There is a first-class for those who are willing to pay for the superior comfort. b. ellipt. A place in the first class of an exam¬ ination list (cf. Class sb. 4.); one who has obtained such a place. 1838 British Mag. VI. 100 There was no double First- Class [Referring to Oxford]. 1859 Farrar J. Home 186 My getting a first class in the May examination. 1885 Oxford Univ. Cal. 40 Candidates must have obtained .. a First Class in Litt. Gr. et Lat. at the First Public Examination. B. attrib. or adj. (written with the hyphen). . (In attributive use sometimes with stress on the first syll.; in predicative use the stress is equal or on the last.) 1 . Of or belonging to the first class in a recognized series of grades: as, a first-class (railway) carriage, a first-class man (in an examination : also written first-classman1). 1846 Commercial Mag. Oct. 133 His Lordship .. refused to travel in the first-class carriages, and went as a second- class passenger. 1852 Ann. Reg. 207 A ‘composite’ carriage, the centre being a first-class compartment, i860 All Year Round No. 74. 560 An Oxford first-class man. 1869 Dunkin Midn. Sky 14 The first-class star Capella. 1871 Smiles Charac. ii. (1876) 33 A first-classman at Oxford. 1887 Spec¬ tator 25 June 860/1 A Balliol Scholar, a first-classman. b. In U.S. sometimes used of the lowest or least important grade : as, a first-class clerk ( ^ one who receives the lowest salary). 2 . gen. Of the highest grade in importance, value, or excellence; of the first or best quality. 1858 R. S. Surtees Ask Mamma xlv. 199 First-class servants who had fallen into second-class circumstances. 1872 Raymond Statist. Mines Mining 147 The first-class ores were shipped to Reno and San Francisco. 1879 McCarthy Own Times II. xxviii. 351 Only one first class reputation of a military order had come out of the war. 1885 Leeds Mercury 24 June 4/4 Unless some foreign question of first-class importance should arise. b. colloq. Extremely good, ‘ first-rate ’. 1879 Spurgeon Serm. XXV. 90 When he was on the road to Damascus to hunt the saints, he was on first-class terms with himself. 3 . quasi-aw^. a. By first-class conveyance, etc. b. colloq. Excellently, very well indeed (cf. first-rate ). 1895 Month Feb. 197 She looks first-class and healthy. Mod. To travel first-class. How are you getting on? Oh, first-class. First-day. The name given (chiefly by members of the Society of Friends) to Sunday, as being the first day of the week. a 1690 G. Fox fml. (1694) I. 168 Upon the first-day after, I was moved to go to Aldenham steeple-house, a 1713 Ellwood Autobiog. (1765) 101 One First-day in four there was a more general Meeting. 1843 Whittier First Day in Lo^vell Prose Wks. 1889 I. 369 One must be here of a pleasant First day at the close of what is called the ‘ after¬ noon service'. attrib. 1773 Hist. Brit. Dom. N. Amer. 11. iv. 278 First- day Baptists, whose weekly holiday is the Sunday. 1872 Whittier Penn. Pilgrim 385 Fair First-Day mornings. tFi rsten, a. Sc. Obs. Also firstin. [Length¬ ened form of First a., ultimately due to the ana- logy of Eightin.] = First a. 1594 Battell of Balrinness in Scot. Poems 16 th C. II. 351 The firstin man in counsall spak Good Errol it was he. Ibid. II. 353 The firsten shot was to neir .. The nixtin shot thair foes hurt. t Fi/rster, a. Obs. [f. First + -er. Cf. G. erstere.’] Earlier, former. 1608 Certif. in Peel Spen Valley (1893) 125 Followynge the same brooke untyl yt come to the firster boundarye where yt begun. 1633 Pvritanisme the Mother Ep. Ded., In those firster times of Protestancy, the name of Puritan was scarce heard of. First-floor. 1 . The floor or story of a building next above the ground floor. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. iv, This is the gentleman who has taken your first-floor. 2 . The floor or story which is built on or just above the ground ; a ground floor. Now only U.S. 1663 Gerbif.r Counsel 101 The first Floore of a building should not lye level with the ground, i860 Worcester, First-floor , the basement of a building [U. S.]. 3 . colloq. The person who occupies the first floor. 1861 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. III. 83 A piano hired in by ‘the first floor yesterday. 4 . attrib., as first-floor-room, -window. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop viii, An oval board over the front first-floor window. 1877 Black Green Past. iii. (1878) 19 I11 the first-floor room of a small house in Piccadilly. Fi/rst-fruit. Chiefly pi. [Orig. as two words; used as transl. of L. primitive .] 1 . The fruits first gathered in a season ; the earliest products of the soil; esp. with reference to the custom of making offerings of these to God or the gods. 1382 Wyclif Num. xviii. 12 What euer thing thei shulen offre of first fruytis to the Lord. 1483 Cath. Angl. 132/1 Firste Frute, primicie. 1535 Coverdale Lev. ii. 14 Yf thou wilt offre a meatofferynge of the first frutes vnto y° Lorde. 1667 Milton P. L. xi. 435 Thither anon A sweatie Reaper from his Tillage brought First Fruits. 1725 Pope Odyss. xiv. 497 The first-fruits to the gods he gave. 1870 Bryant Iliad I. ix. 292 The first-fruits of his fertile field. 2 . transf. and fig. Tho earliest products, results, or issues of anything ; the first products of a man’s work or endeavour. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lvi. (1611) 309 The first fruites of Christs Spirit. 1653 Walton Angler 56 It is a good beginning of your art to offer your first-fruits to the poor. 1677 Waller Loss Dk. Camb., As a First-fruit, Heaven claim’d that Lovely Boy; The next shall live, and be the nation’s joy. 1718 Prior Poems Postscript to Pref., The blooming Hopes .. [of] my then very Young Patron have been confirmed by most Noble First-Fruits. 1866 J. H. Newman Gerontius iii. 25 That calm and joy uprising in thy soul Is first-fruit to thee of thy recompense. 1868 Free¬ man Norm. Conq. II. vii. 72 One of the first-fruits of the great national reaction. 3 . Eccl. and Feudal Law. A payment, usually representing the amount of the first year’s income, formerly paid by each new holder of a feudal or ecclesiastical benefice, or any office of profit, to some superior. The first-fruits of the English bishoprics and other benefices were paid before the Reformation to the Pope, afterwards to the Crown : see Annates. C1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 66 It is symonye to. -3eue hym [the Pope] .. pe frystefruytes for ^ifte of a chirche. c 1394 P. PI. Crede 729 pey [freres] freten vp pe fu[r]ste-froyt. FIRST HAND. 253 FISC. *545 Brinklow Ccmpl. 2 b, Of first frutes, both of benefices and of lordes landes. 1587 Harrison England 11. i. (1877) 1. 24 Our first fruits, which is one whole yeares commoditie of our living. 1622 Bacon Hen. VIE *6 The King did vse to rayse them [Bishops] by steps; that hee might not loose the profit of the First-fruits. 1710 Swift Let. to Harley 7 Dec. Wks. 1841 II. 455 The first-fruits paid by all incum¬ bents upon their promotion amount to ^450 per annum. 1767 Blackstone Comm. II. 67 The king used to take . .the first fruits, that is to say, one year’s profits of the land. 4 . all rib., as first fruit offering; first-fruits- book, a record of first-fruits. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. 1. x. vii. § 2 That there were in Eng¬ land foure thousand five hundred Benefices with Cure, not above ten, and most of them under eight pounds in the first fruits-book. 1695 Congreve Love for L. Prol. 25 We .. bring this day The first fruit offering of a virgin play. Hence First-fruit v. trans., to offer or pay as first-fruits ; First-fruitable a. ( nottce-wds .). 1621 Bp. Mountagu Diatribes 465 It was giuen them in charge, to first-fruit their Tenths, .of whatsoeuer the ground brought forth. Ibid. 302 Euery herbe was Titheable .. and if so, then shew reason why not first-fruitable also. First hand. A. adv. phr. At first hand (also at first-hand ): From the first source or origin, without inter¬ mediate agency or the intervention of a medium ; direct from the maker, producer, or original vendor. Also with at omitted. 1732 Fielding Miser 1. vii, All bought at the first hand too. 1811 Sporting Mag. XXXVII. 76 Gave ninety guineas for that, which he might have purchased at first hand for five and-forty. 1840 Carlyle Heroes (1858) 219 Such a man is what we call an original man ; he comes to us at first¬ hand. 1852 Dickens Bleak Ho. xxiv, Asking Phil Squod .. what it [the rifle] might be worth, first-hand. 1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. viii. (1875) 337 Matters we cannot well know at first-hand. B. adj. ( first-hand ). Of or belonging to the first source, original; coming direct from the first source and not through an intermediate channel or agency; obtained direct from the producer or ori¬ ginal vendor. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) I. 338 Second-hand messengers, and first-hand insults. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 31 Dr. Pauli’s study of first-hand sources gives .. a correctness to his language, which [etc.]. 1871 R. H. Hutton Ess. (1877) I. 83 What knowledge you have of such beings is not direct, not first-hand at all. 1890 Spectator 31 May 765/1 The author has had access to some first-hand information. t First-head, -hood. Obs. [f. First a. + -head, -hood.] The position of one who is first; primacy. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus. xxiv. 10 [6] In alle folc of kinde the firsthede I hadde. 1619 W. Whately GoeCs Husb. 1. (1622) 66 Diotrephes. .desired to be reputed the onely man (which is the louing of first-hood, as the Apostle calls it), a 1679 T. Goodwin Exp . Eph. vi. Wks. 1681 I. 83 In Election Christ held the Primacy, the First-hood. + Frr sting. Obs . rare - 1 . [? f. First a . + -ing 3 as in sweeting, etc.; or misprint for firstling .] = Firstling. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts 233 Their firstinges, or those which are first of all engendered. Firstling (foustlig). [f. First a. + -ling.] The first of its kind to be produced, come into being, or appear; the first product or result of anything. Usually in collect, pi., like first-fruits . In its earliest recorded use, perh. after G. erst ling. *535 Coverdale Prov. iii. 9 Honoure the Lorde .. with y® firstlinges of all thine encrease. 1574 tr. Marlorat's Apo - calips 9 Christ is therefore called the. .firstlings of them that ryse againe. 1605 Shaks. Macb. iv. i. 147 The very first¬ lings of my heart shall be The firstlings of my hand. 1684 Bunyan Pilgr. 11. Introd., Perhaps, .they will imbrace Thee, as they did my firstling. 1830 J. G. Strutt Sylva Brit, no Lord Chancellor Bacon.. procured the firstlings of the species [the Plane] from Sicily. 1861 Sala Dutch Piet. viii. 120 She had sacrificed her youth, the firstlings of her beauty. b. esp. The first offspring of an animal, the first¬ born of the season. 1593 Drayton Eclogues in. 130 Beta shall have the firstling of the Fold. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. 1. 9 The tender Firstlings of my Woolly breed. 1725 PorE Odyss. iv. 841 The firstlings of the flock are doom’d to dye. 1839 Mrs. Hemans Poems, Forest Sanctuary , No fair young firstling. 1879 Butcher & Lang Odyss. 141 Each kind was penned by itself, the firstlings apart. c. attrib. 1611 Bible Dent. xv. 19 All the firstling males that come of thy heard. 1814 Cary Dante's Paradise xxiv. 142 From this germ, this firstling spark, The lively flame dilates. 1863 Macm. Mag. Mar. 349 On our soil her foot is set With the firstling violet. 1870 Bryant Iliad I. iv. 109 A hecatomb Of firstling lambs. Firstlin(g)s, adv. Sc. [see -lings] = First adv. 1. 1827 Tennant Papistry Stormed 23 Firstlins ae cork, than the tnher, Hetly they chasit ane anither. Firstly (faustli), adv. [f. as prec. + -ly 2 .] 1 . In the first place, before anything else, first. Used only in enumerating heads, topics, etc. in discourse; and many writers prefer first , even though closely followed by secondly , thirdly, etc. The word is not in Johnson’s Diet. Smart (1846) s.v. First has the note : ‘ Some late authors use Firstly for the sake of its more accordant sound with secondly, thirdly, etc.’ c 1532 Dewes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 928 Fyrstly, premier* ment. 1562 J. Heyvvood Pror>. <$• Epigr. (1867) 216 Walke thou fyrstly, walke thou lastly: Walke in the walke that standeth fastly. 1668 Wilkins Real Char. 393 The Adverb, Firstly, secondly, thirdly. 1722 Lady M. W. Montagu Lett. (1893) I. 466 A most delightful [ballad] ..which has been laid firstly to Pope, and secondly to me. 1726 Ibid. I. 495 Firstly, she was pleased to attack me in very Billings¬ gate at a masquerade. 1816 Scott Old Mort. iv, The con¬ sequence thereof.. will be, firstly, that I will tweak thy proboscis or nose. 1847 De Quincey Sp. Mil. Nun § 5 First (for I detest your ridiculous and most pedantic neo¬ logism of firstly). 1857 Gladstone Oxf. Ess. 1 These objects are twofold : firstly, to promote [etc.]. + 2 . In the beginning, originally. Obs.— 1 159X Sylvester Du Bartas 1. v. (1621) 108 To save-vs And salue the wounds th’ old Serpent firstly gave-vs. 3 . quasi -sb. The word firstly used in making sub¬ divisions of a subject. 1698 Farquhar Lo7te < 5 * Bottle iv. ii, They hate to hear a fellow in church preach methodical nonsense, with a firstly, secondly, and thirdly. 1759 Goldsm. Polite Learning, Lit. Decay , The most diminutive son of fame .. has his we and his us, his firstlies and his second lies. 1846 Lowell Lett. (1894) I. 113 In the next place (turn back a page or two and you will find that I have laid down a ‘firstly ’). t Fi rstmost, a. Obs — 1 [f. as prec. + -most.] First, foremost. e 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 9 J>e science of elementis, whiche hat ben firstmoost force of natural J?ingis. + Fi'rstness. Obs. rare. [f. as prec. + -ness.] The quality or state of being first. 1626 W. Sclater Expos. 2 Thess. (1629) 106 This firstnes, or precedence of Apostasie, to the day of Christ. 1659 Hammond Dispatcher Disp. Pref. Wks. 1660 II. 163 When I give .. a firstness of Precedency and Presidency to the Pope. 1675 Brooks Gold. Key Wks. 1867 V. 183 Oh ! the firstness, the freeness .. the matchlessness of Christ’s love to fallen man in becoming man ! First rate, first-rate, phr., a. (adv.), and sb. A. As phrase and adj. 1 . First rate : the highest of the ‘ rates ’ (see Rate sb.) by which vessels of war are distinguished according to size and equipment. In phrase of (the) first rate, also from an early date used transf. (now rare ; superseded by the attributive use 2). 1666 Loud. Gaz. No. 65/2 Twelve new Ships, all of the first Rate. 1697 Vanbrugh Relapse 1. iii, Now has he ruined his estate to buy a title, that he may be a fool of the first rate. 1749 Fielding Totti Jones iii. iii, His natural parts were not of the first rate. 1810 Sporting Mag. XXXVI. 230 He having struggled hard with Crib and other boxers of first-rate. 1816 Scott Old Mort. ii, Ere Folly. .cut down her vessels of the first-rate. 2 . attrib. (passing into adj.) First-rate ; of the first rate (said of vessels); hence gen. Of the highest class or degree of excellence. 1671 Evelyn Mem. (1857) II. 66 A few of his Majesty’s first-rate frigates, a 1681 J. Lacy Sir H. Buffoon 11. iv. There are your first, second, third, fourth, and fifth-rate wits too. 1714 Mandeville Fab. Bees (1733) II. 149 A first-rate man of war. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. 1. § ix, 1 never saw a first- rate picture in my life. 1853 Bright Sp. India 3 June, The question is one..of first-rate importance. 1888 Duff Pol. Surv. 5 As long as France remained a first-rate power. 3 . Hence used as an emphatic expression of praise or approval; Extremely good, excellent. 1812 Knox & Jebb Corr. II. 90 Worthington was a first- rate Christian; but I think he was not a first-rate divine. 1879 F. W. Robinson Coward Conscience 11. ix, ‘ Miss Hil- derbrandt is first-rate, and no mistake.* 4 . quasi-tfafr. ( colloq.) Excellently, very well. Also, in excellent health, quite well. 1844 W. T. Thompson Major Jones' Courtship 168 (Bart¬ lett) Mary liked all the speakers first rate. 1857 Borth- wick Three Vrs. California xii. 211 As if you really wanted to know the state of their health, they [Indians] invariably answer ‘ fuss-rate ’. 1880 Howells Undisc. Country iv. 79, I want to go away to-morrow feeling first-rate. 1884 Pae Eustace 15 ‘ Dod, sir, my claes fit ye first-rate.' B. sb. 1 . Naut. A war vessel of the first rate ; used esp. of the old three-deckers carrying 74 to 120 guns. 1708 Motteux Rabelais iv. Ixii. (1737) 254 The biggest First Rate. 1790 Beatson Nav. <$* Mil. Mem. I. 72 She was larger than any of our first rates. 1825 Bentham Ration. Rew. 76 The command of a first-rate is accepted by those only who cannot obtain a frigate. 1878 Browning Poets Croisic 154 Forced to put about the first-rate. 2. transf. A person or thing of the highest class or rank. a 1683 Oldham Art Poetry, Poets have been held a sacred name, And plac’d with first Rates in the Lists of Fame. 1706 Farquhar Recruiting Officer 111. ii, She [a woman] is called the Melinda, a first-rate, I can assure you. 1781 Cowper Let. to Newton 22 July, Owe great wheelbarrow, which may be called a first rate in its kind, conveyed all our stores. 1828 D’Israeli Chas. I, II. xi. 274 In the House,'these leaders of party were both firstrates. Hence First-rately adv . ; First-rateness, the state of being first-rate, first-rate quality; First- rater, one who or something which is first-rate. 1806 Sporting Mag. XXVII. 243 Who may be deservedly titled first raters in their profession. 1837 Dickens Pictou. xli, ‘ He must be a first-rater,' said Sam. 1843 Blackw. Mag. LIV. 713 Of all instruments the violin, first-rately played, is the most .. heavenly. 1882 Pall Mall G. 19 June 5/1 The note of first-rateness, of permanence, is hardly here. t Fi/rstship. Obs. [f. F irst a. + -ship.] The position of being first. 1632 Lynde Via Tuta 39 Peter had a Primacy of order, that is, a First-ship among the Apostles, a 1661 Fuller YVorthics, Suffolk (1662) 111. 67 Two Firstships met in this Man [Necton], for he Handselled the House-Convent .. Secondly, He was the first Carmelite, who [etc.]. Firtll 1 (fai)>). Chiefly northern. Obs. or arch. Forms: 4 firpe, fyrpe, 4-6 fyrtb, 6- firth. [Metathesis of Frith jA 2 ] A synonym of Frith sb . 2 in some of its senses: A deer-forest, hunting- ground ; a piece of ground covered with brushwood with a few trees ; a coppice, small wood. In poetry frequent in alliterative phrases, firth and fell, firth and field, firth andfold: see Frith sb .' 1 c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Blasius 77 pane send he ma knyentis. .To hwnt in [to] ]>at sammyne fyrth. 7^:1400 Morte Arth. 1708 We have foundene in 3one firthe. .ffifty thosandez of folke of Terse mene of armez. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. 1. xiii. 52 Ane Lande..Of Fyrth, and Felde. c 1475 Rauf Coih,ear 682 Fyne foullis in Fyrth. 1513 Douglas VEneis vii. Prol. 162 Quhen frostis days ourfret bayth fyrth and fauld. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 593 The fox that rynnis in the firth. 1581 Savile Agric. (1622) 192 The firths and the thickets he proued the first in his owne per¬ son. 1794 Burns A Vision (1st version) 17 Looking over firth and fauld, Her horn the pale-fac’d Cynthia rear’d. Firth. 2 (fojJ>). Also 5 fyrth. See also Frith sb .3 [app. a. ON .figrt$r\ see Fiord. Firth or frith was originally a Sc. word, introduced into English literary use c 1600.] An arm of the sea ; an estuary of a river. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. xx. 108 pai..of fors, as wynd }?ame movyd, Come in pe Fyrth. 1513 Douglas AEneis 111. vi. 123 The ile of Cecill devidit hes allhaile, Ane narrow fyrth fiowis .. Betuix thai costis. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) I. 9 So hapnit tham. .to wend Out throw ane firth endlang ane cragie cost. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 43 In many firths and armes of the sea. 1637 Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. lxxxiv. 215 Glad may our souls be that are safe over the firth. 1774 Nicholls Corr. w. Gray (1843) 175 The Castle, from whose summit the Firth of Forth is seen for many miles. 1839 W. Chambers Tour Holland 31/1 A neck of sea. .possessing all the appearance of a navi¬ gable firth. 1865 Geikie Seen. <$* Geol. Scot. 125 The sea runs inland in long narrow firths. Fir-tree. [f. Fir + Tree.] =Fik i. 1382 Wyclif/syz. xiv. 8 Fyrre trees also gladeden vp on thee. 1430-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 335 There be bryddes whiche thei calle bernacles.. whom nature producethe ageyne nature from firre trees. 1577 B. Googe Hercsbach 's Husb. 11. (1586) 101 b, In the mountaines delighteth the Fyrre tree. 1664 Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 196 A little after the Equinox, prune Pine and Fir-trees. 1712 tr. Pomct's Hist. Drugs I. 148 They grow in Clusters upon a Kind of Tur¬ pentine or Fir-Tree. 1855 Longf. Hunv. vii. 63 Give me of your balm, O Fir-Tree ! Firy, obs. form of Fiery. Firze, obs. form of Furze. Fisc, fi.sk (fisk). Also 7 fisque. [a. Yx.fisc, or independently ad. L. fiscus rush-basket, purse, treasury. The current spelling in Sc. Law is fisk, in other uses fisc."] 1 . Antiq. The public treasury of Rome; under the Empire, the imperial treasury or privy purse of the Emperor. 1598 Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. 11.xi. (1603) 49 Csesar. .be¬ stowed the goods of Aemilia Musa, a rich woman, fallen to the fisque; vpon Aemilius Lepidus. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 463 The Fisque or city chamber by that means was soone acquit of all debts. 1679 Burnet Hist . Ref. I. 274 The endowments of the heathenish temples were..adjudged to the fisc, or the Emperor’s exchequer. 1865 Merivale Rom. Emp . VIII. Ixiii. 55 The endowment of the professors., seems to have been made from the fisc. b. Any royal or state treasury; an exchequer. Now rare {Hist, or with allusion to 1 confisca¬ tion ’). Also attrib. in fisc-lands (Hist.) ^ fiscal lands. 1599 BroJighton's Lett. iii. 11 As if your inuentions were al Treasure trouue, fiske royal. 1606 Sylvester Du Bar¬ tas 11. iv. 11. Magnificence 609 Peru. .By yeerly Fleets into his Fisk doth flow. 1697 Evelyn Numism. vii. 233 The Fisque and publick Treasure. 1788 Priestley Led. Hist. v. xlviii. 360 A fine must therefore be paid to the fisc. 1801 A. Ranken Hist. France I. 251 Public or fisc lands, which formed the revenue of the government. 1854 Mil- man Lat. Chr. I. ill. ii. 287 King Chlotaire demanded for the fisc the third part of the revenue of the churches. 1868 Mill in Star 13 Mar., How can that be confiscation by which the fisc is not to receive anything. c. jocosely. A man’s purse or ‘ exchequer’. 1820 Lamb Elia Ser. 1. Two Races of Men, The streams were perennial which fed his fisc. 2 . Scots Law. The public treasury or ‘ Crown to which estates lapse by escheat: in the phrase ‘ as to the fisc ’ (translating quoad fiscum ), i. e. so far as the Crown rights of escheat are concerned. + Hence incorrectly used for : The right of the Crown to the estate of a rebel. [1641 Sc. Acts Chas. /(1870) V. 415 § 107 Provyding all- wayes that..the bandis or contractes heirby ordeened to perteene to \>e neerest of kine. .shall not fall wnder ]>e com- pas of escheat nor }it any pairt therof perteene to }>e relict jure relictae Bot shall remaine in \>e owne nature quoad fiscum et relictam as they wer befor making of this acte], 1680 in FountainhaIt's Hist. Notices I. 269 The King . .was sending, .a letter converting th’e sentence to banish¬ ment, and confiscating his ship and all his goods, but prefer¬ ring his creditors theirin to his fisk. *754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law 11. ii. § 11 Personal bonds are now moveable in respect of succession, but heritable as to the fisk, and hus¬ band and wife. *773 — Instit. Law Scot. 11. ii. § 10 head¬ ing, By the word fisk in this statute [see quot. 1641] is meant the crown's right to the moveable estate of persons denounced rebels. FISCAL. 254 FISH. 3 . = Fiscal sb. + a. Sc. Laiu ^obs.). b. Used by Browning; after It .fisco. 1732 J* Louthian Form of Process iii. 19 Every Sheriff or Fisk of Court, to whom the Execution of the Warrand is committed, orders a Party..for the Prisoner’s safe trans¬ portation.. and gives Receipt to the Fisk of the County he receives him from. 1868 Browning Ring $ Bk. ix. 14 The Court Requires the allocution of the Fisc. Fiscal (frskal), #. and sb. Also 6 fyscall, 6-7 fisc all, (7 phiscall). [a. Fr. fiscal, Sp .fiscal, It. fiscalc , ad. late L.fiscalis, f. fiscus Fisc.] A. adj. 1 . Of or pertaining to the fisc or treasury of a state or prince; pertaining to the public revenue. *563 Foxe Martyrs 333 (1632) I. 475/2 Which excludeth all right both fiscall and Ecclesiasticall. a 1618 Raleigh Cab. Councilxxx. (1658) 50 It behoveth the Prince to have a vigilant eye on.. such fiscal Ministers. 1652 Howell Revol. Naples 11.49 That he should send a Trumpet for the Fiscal Proctor. 1765 Blackstone Comm. I. 281 We pro¬ ceed now to examine the king’s fiscal prerogatives, or such as regard his revenue. 1838 Prescott Fcrd. Sf Is. (1846) II. xvi. 113 Alonso de Quintanilla, .a fiscal officer of the crown. 1863 Fawcett Pol. Econ. iv. iii. (1876) 549 The last remnant of Protection has been banished from our fiscal system. b. Fiscal lands (transl. of L. I erne fisc ales ); in Frankish history, lands belonging to the king. In some mod. Diets. 2 . Of or pertaining to financial matters in general. Fiscal year*, a financial year ; see Financial#, i. (Chiefly U.S.) 1865 H. Phillips Anter. Paper Citrr. II. 44 The estimates for the fiscal year were only calculated to the tenth of June. 1872 Raymond Statist. Mines $ Mining 99 The above figures represent the condition of the company at the close of the fiscal year ending June 30. 1880 E. Kirke Garfield 42 The work of the past fiscal year. B. sb. + 1 . = Fiso 1 b. 1590 Lambarde Compos, for Alienations in Bacon's Wks. (1740) 111 . 549 War.. as it is entertained by diet, so can it not be long maintained by the ordinary fiscal and receipt. 2 . As the title of an official, in various connexions. + a. A minister or official of the treasury; a treasurer. Obs. 1652 Howell Revol. Naples 11. 50 The Captain propos’d to the Fiscal, That .. a Tax should be impos’d upon all the Nobles. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 60 To those onely his Fiscal or Treasurer yearly giving out above forty millions of Crowns. 1676 W. Hubbard Happiness of People 26 In- feriour Officers, such as are Fiscalls and Treasurers. b. In Italy, Spain, Spanish colonies, etc., the title given to legal officials of various ranks, having the function of public prosecutors; under the Holy Roman Empire, the highest law officer of the crown. 1539 T. Pery in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 11. II. 147 Myne acwzacyon presentyde by the fyscall. 1622 R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea (1847) 10 3 That suite, which in Spaine is pro¬ secuted by the kings atturney, or fiscall. 1757 Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. (1758) 15/1 The King of Prussia was con¬ demned for contumacy and the Fiscal had orders to notify to him that he was put under the ban of the Empire. 1779 H. Swinburne Trav. Spain xlii. 379 Don Pedro Rodriguez Campomanes, fiscal of the council of Castille. 1845 S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. I. 199 The emperor caused the plenipotentiaries of the city to be cited before the fiscal of the empire. 1868 Browning Ring <$• Bk. ix. 133 Exactly so have I. .Your Fiscal, made me cognizant of facts. c. In Holland and Dutch colonies: A magis¬ trate whose duty it is to take cognizance of offences against the revenue. 1653 Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camden) II. 18 The children’s late insurrection in this town for having their trumpet taken from them by the Fiscal. 1700 S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 114, I never saw him more ; without doubt he run away for fear the Fiscael should call him to an account for the death of my Companion. 1772-84 Cook Voy. (1790) IV. 1241 They waited on the governor, the lieu¬ tenant-governor or the fiscal. 1796 W. Taylor in Monthly Re 7/. XXI. 514 Peter Paulus, a man of forty years of age, originally Fiscal of the Admiralty. 1842 Orderson Creol. viii. 83 The Fiscal .. consigned him to the penal gang. d. Sc. Short for Pkocurator fiscal. 1681 in Lond. Gas. No. 1649/2 All Sheriffs. .Officers of the Mint, Commissars and. .their Clerks and Fiscals. 1818 Scott Hrt. Midi, xviii,* Is it only you?’, .answered the fiscal. 1885 C. Gibbon Hard Knot I. xvii. 237 The eyes of the Sheriff and the Fiscal were turned to Sarah. 3 . The name given in Cape Colony to a shrike (.Lanins col laris) . Also , fiscal-bird. 1822 Latham Hist. Birds II. 23 The Canary-Biter, or Fiscal-bird .. the tail feathers in the cinereous species are twice as broad as in the Fiscal. 1884 Shakpe Layard's Birds S. Africa 374 Fiskal Shrike. Fiscality (fiskcediti). [f. as prec. + -ity. Cf. Yu fiscally. \ Exclusive regard to fiscal considera¬ tions. 1825 Bentham Ration. Rew. 301 We shall have ceased to consider colonies with the greedy eyes of fiscality. 1831 Peacock Crotchet Castle ix, The other classes of society, combined by gunpowder, steam, and fiscality. 1887 J. C. Morison Senf. of Man 35 A grinding fiscality which, at last, exterminated wealth. Fiscalize (frskahiz), v. rare ~°. [f. Fiscal#. + -IZE.] trans. To deal with fiscally; to cause to yield revenue. Hence Fiscaliza tion. 1886 H. C. Dent Year in Brazil 315 Which, under careful fiscalization, would give an annual sum of over one million milreis to the Treasury. Fiscally (frskali), adv. [f. as prec. + -ly 2 .] In a fiscal manner ; from a fiscal point of view. 1845 Miall in Nonconf. V. 197 Society, fiscally considered, is an insurance association.. 1864 Daily Tel. 7 Oct., Rai¬ sins, molasses, and hewn timber also figure for lessened totals, but fiscally they are comparatively unimportant. t Fiscelle. Obs. Also 5 fyschelle. [a. Y.fis- celle, ad. 'L.fiscella, dim. oifiscus basket.] A little basket. The quot. from the Promptorium apparently shows mis¬ apprehension of the meaning of the word. Way’s ed. reads ‘fyschelle of fyschew or festu', and explains this as mean¬ ing ‘ basket of osier’; but this is obviously incorrect. [c 1440 Prornp. Parv. (1499', Fysshell, fysshewe or festu, festuca.] 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 55/1 She sawe the lytyl crybbe or fiscelle. 1491 — Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. xxxvii. 43V1 He made fyscellis wouen wyth Rede and Ionkes. Fischerite (fvjbrait). Min. [Named in 1844 after G. Fischer : see -ite.] A hydrous phosphate of aluminium, found in green veins in sandstone. 1846 Amer. Jrnl. Sc. Ser. 11. II. 415 Fischerite is a phos¬ phate of alumina. II Fiscus (fi'skz;s). [L.: see Fisc.] =Fisc 1, 1 b. 1650 Jer. Taylor Fun. Serm. 31 So have I seen a river.. paying to the Fiscus, the great Exchequer of the Sea .. a tribute large and full. 1861 Pearson Early § Mid. Ages Eng. *95 Four years were sufficient [bar] against the imperial fiscus. Fise. Also foise, fice. [Cf- Sw.fis, Da._/?A.] + 1 . =Fist sb* 1. 14.. Nominale in Wr. -Wflicker 679 Hec lirida , a fyse. 1823 Egan Grose's Diet. Vulgar Tongue, Fice or Foyse , a small windy escape backwards. 2 . U.S. dial. (See quot. Cf. Fist sb . 2 3.) 1872 Schele de Vere Americanisms 470 Fice or phyce .. designates very generally in the South a small worthless cur. + 3 . attrib. fise-ball = fist-ball. a 1300 Cursor M. 2879 (Cott.) par-bi groues sum apell tre, Wit appuls selcut fair to se, Quen pai ar in hand, ais a fise bal, To poudir wit a stink pai fal. Fisgig(g, var. of Fizgig. Fish (fij), sb A Forms: 1-2 fisc, 3 Orrn. fissk, 3- 4 fis(s(e, fix, (4 fizs), south, viss, vyss, 3-5 fich, 5-6 fych(e, 3-5 fissh(e, (3 fishsh, fischsch), 4- 6 fysch(e, -ssh(e, (6 fiszsh), 5-6 fysh(e, 4-6 fishe, 3- fish. [Com. Teut. ; OE .fisc str. masc. = OFris.yM, OS .fisc (Du. visch ), OH G.fisc (MHG. visck , Ger. fisch), ON. fiskr (Sw. and Da. fish), Goth, fisks OTeut. *fisko-z pre-Teut. *pisko-s, cogn. with L. piscis and OIr. iasc ( \—*peiskos)i\ I. 1 . In popular language, any animal living exclusively in the water ; primarily denoting verte¬ brate animals provided with fins and destitute of limbs; but extended to include various cetaceans, crustaceans, molluscs, etc. In modem scientific language (to which popular usage now tends to approximate) restricted to a class of vertebrate animals, provided with gills throughout life, and cold-blooded; thelimbs,if present, aremodified into fins, and supplemented by unpaired median fins. Except in the compound shellfish , the word is no longer commonly applied in educated use to invertebrate animals. £•825 Vesp. Psalter viii. 9 Fuglas heofenes & fiscas saes. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 129 Alle pe fiscas pe swummen in pere se. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 177 Fishshes and fugeles. c 1250 Gen. <$• Ex. 160 God made .. ilc fuel and euerile fis. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 10/302 A fair 3water with grete fischsches. c 1386 Chaucer Prol. 180 A Monk, whan he is recchelees, Is likned til a fissh pat is waterlees. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 205 Fysshes alle blacke. 1535 Coverdale 1 Kings iv. 33 He talked, .of foules, of wormes, of fiszshes. 1653 Walton Angler 179 He [the Pearch] is one of the fishes of prey. 1695 Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth iii. i. (1723) 153 Whales, .and other great Fishes. 1719 W. Wood Sum. Trade 334 Shells of Fishes, known by the Name of Cowries. 1726 Gay Fables 1. iv. 37 The Fishes..skim beneath the main. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. IV. 3 The whale, the limpet, the tortoise and the oyster, .as men have been willing to give them all the name of fishes, it is wisest for us to conform. 1842 H. Miller O. R. Sandst. iii. (ed. 2) 68 Fishes seem to have been the master existences of five succeeding formations, ere the age of reptiles began. b. collect, sing, used for//. a 1300 Cursor M. 9395 (Cott.), Foghul and fiche, grett thing and small, c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.)xiii. 57 Criste.. filled paire nettes fulloffisch. i486 Bk. St. Albans F vij a, A scoll of ffysh. 1556 Citron. Gr. Friars (1852) 48 Her- rynge and other fyche that was tane on the see. 1563 Myrr. Mag., Somerset xxiii, For the fyshe casting forth his net. 1611 Bible Num. xi. 22 Shal all the fish of the sea bee gathered together for them? 1667 Milton/’. L. vii. 401 Fish..with thir Finns and shining Scales Glide under the green Wave. 1715-20 Pope Iliad xxi. 136 Let the Fish surround Thy bloated Corse. 1780 Cowper Let. to Mrs. Neivton 2 June, When I write to you, you answer me in fish. I return you many thanks for the mackerel and lobster. 1802-3 Pallas' Trav. (1812) II. 132 Such port is fre¬ quented by fish of passage. 1808 Forsyth Beauties Scotl. v. 384 Herrings, .mackerel, cod-fish, whitings, hadocks, and some others, may with propriety be called fish of passage. c. phr. A nice or pretty kettle of fish (colloq.): an awkward state of things, a ‘ muddle*. To be or feel like a fish out of water: to be or feel out of one’s element. Dn/nk (dull, mute) as a fish : very drunk (etc.). To drink like a fish : to drink excessively. To feed the fishes : (#) to meet one’s death by drowning; (b) to be sea-sick. All is fish that comes to or *p in (his) net : i. e. nothing comes amiss to him, he turns everything to account. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccccxvi. 727 Suche as came after toke all..for all was fysshe that came to net. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage vi. xii. 636 The Arabians out of the desarts are as Fishes out of the Water, c 1620 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 48 All’s fish that comes in net. 1654 Gataker Disc. Apol. 7 He is as mute as a fish. 1700 Congreve Way of World iv. ix, Thou art both as drunk and as mute as a fish. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789) Ggg ij, To cruise as a pirate; to make all fish that comes to the net. 1840 Marryat Poor Jack xi, You’re as mute as a fish. 1837 Hood Drinking Song xi, He’s the..drinker that verily ‘drinks like a fish 1 ’ 1865 J. G. Bertram Harvest of Sea (1873) 228 Being a com¬ mission agent, it is all fish that comes to my net. 1870 H. Meade Ride N. Zealand 313 His first act was to ap¬ pease the fishes .. by feeding them most liberally. 1886 Baring Gould Court Royal vi, The lawyer, .was as a fish out of water here. 1889 Bridges Feast of Bacchus iv, And there you stand, As dull as a fish ! d. In other proverbial expressions. 1546 J. Heywood Prov. (1562) Dijb, Fishe is caste awaie that is cast in drie pooles. a 1625 Fletcher Mons. Thomas 1. iii, No swearing ; He’ll catch no fish else. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Wks. 1. 117/2 The Prouerbe sayes, If you sweare you shall catch no fish. 1710 Brit. Apollo III. No. 29 3/2 Tis good Fish, if it were but Caught. 1857 Trollope Three Clerks xvi, There were still as good fish in the sea as had ever yet been caught out of it. t e. in the quasi-oath God's fish ! (more com¬ monly Odds-fish). c 1728 Earl Ailesbury Mem. 649 Gods fish ! when two rogues fall out, their master then is like to know the truth. 2. In combination with various qualifying words, as lantern-, lump-, monk-, pipe-, rock-, toad-, whistle-, wolf- : see those words. Blubber- fish, fish yielding blubber, as the whale, porpoise, etc. Royal-fish, also fish-royal (see quots.). Also Angel-, Flat-, Flying-, Gold-, Jelly-, Shell-, Sun-, Sword-fish. 1756 R. Rolt Diet. Trade $ Comm., Royal fish, are dolphins and sturgeans; as also in France, are salmon and trout; so called, because they belong to the King, when cast upon the sea-shore.. Blubber-fish are whales, porpoises, tunnies, sea-calves, and other fat fish. 1776 Customs Manor of EpwortJi in Stonehouse Axholme (1839) 145 When any *fish royal be taken in the river of Trent, within this Manor . .it belongs to the Lord of the Manor. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Royal Fish , whale and sturgeon. 3. a. Applied fig. to a person (also collect, to persons) whom it is desirable to 1 catch ’ or ‘ hook ’. 1722 De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 116 The subtle devil, .found us proper fish for her hook. 1753 Foote Eng. in Paris 11. Wks. 1799 I. 42 The fish [a rich young booby] is hook’d. 1885 Boy f s Own Paper 5 Sept. 771/1 People would think he was an easy fish to catch. b. Used (with prefixed adj.) unceremoniously for ‘ person 1750 Coventry Pomfiey Litt. n. ix. (1785) 67/2 They., smoaked him for a queer fish, as the phrase is. 1771 Franklin Autobiog. Wks. 1887 I. 137 He was an odd fish. 1820 Lamb Elia, South-Sca-IIouse, Humourists, for they were of all descriptions .. Odd fishes. 1831 Examiner 395/2 The lady, who was a ‘ loose fish,’ became acquainted with him. 1857 Hughes Tom Brown 1. (1882) 19/2 The queerest, coolest fish in Rugby. 4. The flesh of fish, esp. as used for food; opposed to flesh, i. e. the flesh of land-animals, and fowl, that of birds. a 1300 Cursor M. 13502 (Gott.) pis bred and fisse was delt abute. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. vii. 159 Hij etep more fisch pan flesh. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xm. xxvi. (1495) 461 Female fysshes ben more longe than male fysshes and haue more harde fysshe. C1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 60 Salt fisch. c 1460 Lydg. & Burgh Secrees 1653 In etyng of ffyssh make no contynuaunces. 1568 Grafton Citron. II. 232 Ships, .furnished with Bisket.. freshe Water, salt Fishe. 1650 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. (ed. 2) iii. xxv. 143 We mortifie ourselves with the diet of fish. 1756 R. Rolt Diet. Trade <5- Comm., Great Fish is that which is just salted, and yet moist. 1768 Travis in Pennant Zool. (1777) IV. 12 The fish of a Lobster’s claw is more tender, delicate, and easy of digestion than that of the tail. 1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Client. (1814) 288 Fish forms a powerful manure. b. Meat having the qualities of fish. 1607 Topsell Four-/. Beasts (1658) 444 The taile of a Beaver is fish, but the taile of an Otter is flesh. c. phr. Neither fish nor fiesh ( nor good red herring ), also neither fish, fiesh, nor fowl : i. e. neither one thing nor another; without the parti¬ cular qualities (or merits) of either. To have other fish to fry : to have other business to attend to. To make fish of one and fiesh (or fowl ) of another : to make an invidious distinction; to show par¬ tiality. 1528 Rede me $ be nott wrothe I iij b, Wone that is nether flesshe nor fisshe. 1546 J. Hf.ywood Prov. (1562) C ij b, She is nother fyshe nor fleshe, nor good red hearyng. 1596 Shaks. 1 Hen. IV, in. iii. 144. 1600 Holland Livy xxi v. xlv. (1609)540 He had the party himselfe in jelousieand suspition, as one neither fish nor flesh, a man of no credit. 1660 Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 132, I fear he hath other fish to fry. 1682 Dryden Duke of Guise Epilogue 40 Damned neuters, in their middle way of steering, Are neither fish nor flesh nor good red-herring. 1721 J. Kelly Sc. Prov. 220, I will not make Fish of one, and Flesh of another. 1885 Ilanclt. Exam. 21 May 5/2 This is making fish of one and fowl of another with a vengeance. 1889 Mrs. Oliphant Poor Gait. xliv, ‘ I’ve got other things in hand .. I’ve got other fish to fry’. FISH. 255 FISH 5. Astron. a. The Fish or Fishes (L. Pisces), a zodiacal constellation, situated between Aquarius and Aries, b. The Southern (+ South) Fish (L. Piscis australis, anciently Piscis notius major), a southern constellation, bounded on the north by Capricorn and Aquarius. c 1386 Chaucer Sqris T. 265 Now dauncen lusty Venus children dere, For in the fyssh her lady sat ful hye. 1551 Recorde Cast. Knowl. (1556) 267 Laste of the 12 signes commeth the Fyshes. Ibid. 271 The Southe fyshe, con- tainynge 12 starres. II. attrib. and Comb. 6. General relations : a. simple attrib. (sense 1 ), as fish-botte, -egg, -guts, -haunt, -shell, -skin, -spawn ; (sense 4), as fish-dinner, -meal. 1530 Palsgr. 220/2 *Fysshebonne, areste. a 1653 Gouge Comm. Heb. xiii. 1 Fish-bones, .in the dark make a bright lustre. 1772-84 Cook Voy. (1790) 1 .228 The points of these lances are sometimes made of fish-bone. 1661 Lovell Hist. Anim. <$• Min. Introd., Before the eating of a *fish-dinner, the body is not to be heated with exercise. 1865 J. G. Bertram Harvest Sea (1873) 66 The collection and dis¬ tribution of *fish-eggs.. 1768 Travis in Pennant Zool. (1777) IV. 12 The bait is commonly *fish-guts tied to the bottom and middle of the net. 1833 J. Rennie Alph. Angling 50 The angler..must find these ^fish-haunts. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, lv. iii. 99 Making many *Fish-meales, they fall into a kind of Male Greene-sicknesse. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 307 The said hairs burnt in some earthen pan or *fish-shell. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VII. 366 They are impregnated in the manner of *fish-spawn. b. connected with the catching or selling of fish, as fish-bag, -basket , + -boat, -boy, + - craft, -creel, -market, -net, + -officer, -salesman, f -shambles, + -ship, -shop, -spear, -stall, -street, -trap, -van, -wagon, -woJna?t. 1815 Sporting Mag. XLVI. 11 If my *fish-bag should fall in the way of such a man. 1838 Dickens O. Twist xxi, Women with *fish-baskets on their heads. 1663 Spalding Troub. C/tas. / (1829) 82 Eighteen gentlemen .. passing the water of Findhorn in a *fish-boat, were pitifully drowned. 1853 Reade Chr. Johnstone xiii. 217 The *fish-boys struck up a dismal chant of victory. 1480 Caxton Descr. Brit. 12 Seuarn is swyft of streme, *fishecraft is therin. 1552 Huloet, *Fishe market and fishe streate. 1863 Miss Brad- don Eleanor s Viet, i, The slimy and slippery fish-market. a 1000 Boeth. Metr. xix. 21 Hwy $e nu ne settan on sume dune *fisc net eowru. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 175 Wer- pinde ut here fishnet in }?e se. 1472 Prescntmts. of Juries in Surtees Misc. (1890) 23 JH }? a sell noy feche w fc owt y fc be abyld be *fyche offesers. 1868 Peard Water-Farm. xv. 154 An eminent *fish-salesman. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 243 The Maquerels .. furnish the *fish shambles. 1676 Lond. Gaz. No. 1144/1 Several English *Fish Ships are arrived. 1827 Hone Every-day Bk. II. 58 Pedestrians, .turn in to sup at the *fish-shops. x6n Bible Job xli. 7 Canst thou fill..his head with *fish-speares? 1818 Sporting Mag. II. 100 Well pleas’d with the bargain, she left the *fish-stall. 1837 W. Irving Capt. Bonneville III. 44 Trout and other fish, which they catch., in ‘ *fish traps’. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade , * Fishman, a light spring-cart for transporting fish; a railway truck set apart for fish. 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Man. i. 11 The *fish waggon comes by. 1698 J. Crull Muscovy 141 You may hear them .. Abuse one another like *Fish-Women. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 170 In those private letters..the Princess expressed the sentiments of a fury in the style of a fish-woman. c. in the names of dishes, etc., composed of fish, as fish-ball, \-broo, -broth,-cake, -chowder, + -pickle, -pie, -pudding, -soup. X883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 316 *Fish Balls, with Brown Sauce. 14.. Nominate in Wr.-Wiilcker 740 Garus , a *fysc- browe. 1660 Howell Lex. Tetrag., *Fish-broth, or fish- pickle, murette de Poisson. 1883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 316 ^Fishcakes in Curry. X725 Bradley Fam. Diet., *Fish Pie , a Dish usually serv'd upon Days of Abstinence. 1883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 316 *Fish Pudding, in tins. 1886 Sat. Rez>. 6 Mar. 328/1 *Fish soup is made out of the 4 trimmings ’ of fish. d. objective, as fish-breeder, -eailger, -catcher, -curer, -frier, -hawker, -seller ; fish-breeding, -packing, vbl. sbs. ; fish-eating, -selling , ppl. adjs. 1883 E. R. Lankester Adv. Science (1890) 214 So far as it affects the procedure of fish-catchers, *fish-breeders, or fish-culturists. 1889 Barrie Wiudcnv in Thrums 189 Hen¬ dry had been to the ^fish-cadger in the square. 1530 Pai.sgr. 220/2 *Fysse catcher, fcschevr. 1847-8 H. Miller First Imf>r. x. (1857) 166, I have seen a *fish-curer’s vat throwing down its salt when surcharged with the mineral. 1835-6 Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 323/1 The ' v fish-eating Osprey. 1892 Encycl. Cookery I. 660/1 Larger fish require a vessel called a * fish-fryer, which is fitted with a perforated or wire strainer. 1893 Daily Ntrws 14 Apr. 6/6 The wife of a fish-frier. 1866 Corah. Mag. May 616 *Fish-hawkers wrangle and organ- grinders count their ill-gotten coppers, c 1440 Promp. Pan\ 163/1 *Fysch sellare, piscarius. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 475 *Fish-selling rhetoricians. e. similative, as + fish-drunk, -shaped, -like, adjs. 1591 Percivall Sp. Diet., Embarbascar, to make *fishe drunke. 1610 Shaks. Temp. 11. ii. 27 A very ancient and *fish-like smell. 1835-6 Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 93/2 The elongated fish-like form of those amphibia. 1840 Dickens Barn. A'«) a fish hawker; (c) a fisherman ; {d) a student of ichthyology; fish-manure, a manure or fertilizer composed of fish ; + fish-mariner, the sail-fish ; fish-maw, the sound or air-bladder of a fish ; fish-meal, dried fish ground to a meal; fish-meter (see quot.); f fish-mint, water-mint; fish-oil, oil obtained from fishes and marine animals, spec, cod-liver oil and whale oil; fish-owl, an eared fishing owl, of the genus Ketupa, with rough feet; fish-pass = fish-way ; fish-pearl, an artificial pearl (see quot.); fish-pomace, the refuse of fish after the oil has been expressed, used as a fertilizer; fish-pot, a wicker basket for catching fish, esp. eels, also crabs, lobsters, etc.; fish-potter, one who uses or has charge of fish-pots ; + fish-range, a place for catching and drying fish; fish-room (see quots.); fish-sauce, sauce made to be eaten with fish ; fish- scrap, fish refuse, used as a fertilizer; fish-slice, a fish-carving knife; also, an implement used by cooks for turning fish in the pan ; fish-slide, ‘ a fish-trap for shallow rivers and low waterfalls : used in the southern United States ’ {Cent. Diet.) ; fish-sound, the swimming bladder of a fish; f fish-stew = Fish-pond : see Stew; fish-stick (see quot.); + fish-stone, ? a stone table for the sale of fish; fish-story, an incredible tale or ‘ yarn ’; + fish-stove = fish-stew ; fish-strainer, {a) ‘a metal cullender with handles for taking fish from a boiler; (b) an earthenware slab with holes, placed at the bottom,of a dish to drain the water from cooked fish ’ (Simmonds) ; fish- thistles, the Chameepcuce casaboms {Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884); fish-tiger, a bird that preys upon fish ; fish-tongue, ‘an instrument sometimes used for the removal of the wisdom-teeth : so named from its shape’ {Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884) ; fish-torpedo, a torpedo resembling a fish in shape and with an automatic swimming action ; fish-trowel, a fish- carver in the shape of a trowel; fish-warden ( US.), ‘ an officer who has jurisdiction over the fisheries of any particular locality’ {Cent. Piet.); fish-way, an arrangement for enabling fish to ascend a fall or dam ; fish-weir, J {a) a draught of fishes; {b) = Fish-garth ; fish-wood, ( a) (see quot.); {b) ‘ the strawberry bush, Euonymus americanus' {Cent. Diet.); fish-worker, ‘ a fish- culturist’ {Cent. Diet.); fish-working, ‘fish- culture’ {Cent. Did .); fish-works, (a) ‘the appli¬ ances and contrivances used in fish-culture; {b) a place where the products of the fisheries are utilized; a fish-factory’ {Cent. Diet.) ; f fish-yard = Fish-garth. Also Fish-day, -gig, -hook, -MONGER, -POND, -POOL, -SKIN, -TAIL, -WHOLE, -WIFE. 1825 J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 644 * Fish-backed rail. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 11. ccxiii. 549 L’Obelius .. calleth it [another wilde Basill] Corcoros, which we have Englished *Fish Basill. X834 Edin. Rev. LX. 118 ^Fish- bellied instead of parallel rails. 1862 Smiles Engineers III. 282 The line was. .laid with fish-bellied rails. 1888 Green- well Gloss. Coaldrade terms (ed. 3) 38 Malleable iron rails of the ^fish-belly pattern. 1882 Garden 1 Apr. 220/1 Chamae- pence (*Fish-bone Thistle), ciooo ./Elfric Gloss, in Wr.- Wiilcker 128 Liquamen, 1lei gar~um, *fiscbryne. 1820 W. Tooke tr. Lucian I. 553 From inadvertence pour the fish-brine into their lentil-soup. 1599 Nashe Lenten Stuffe 44 The churlish frampold waues gaue him his belly-full of *fish-broath. 1883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 199 Model of *fish-car towed by the smack for keeping the catch alive. 1804 Tarras Elegy on Sautie 11 Poems 143 Ye *fish-carles never lift an oar, In codlin greed. 1886 Pall Mall G. 29 June 4/1, I went out to the fleets on board a steam *fish- carrier. 1888 Ibid. 27 Dec. 2/2 Among Mr. Burgess’s other notions, however, one took the form of a fish carrier. The carrier he has invented is made of zinc. 1697 Dampif.r Voy. (1729) III. 1. 447 *Fish-Climer has a welted Stalk., its Beans are red, with a black Kernel: these being bruised and cast into Rivers intoxicate the Fish. 1803 S. Pegge Anecd. Eng. Lang. 277 A *fish-coop .. for taking fish in the Humber, made of twigs, such as are called eel pots in the south. 1883 Century Mag. Sept. 682/2 The *fish-crow fishes only when it has destroyed all the eggs and young birds it can find. 1865 J. G. Bertram Harvest of Sea (1873)61 The art of *fish-culture is almost as old as civil¬ ization itself. 1872 {title), Transactions of the American *Fish Cultural Association. 1874 A?ner. Cycl. III. 219 This method has been extensively adopted by American *fish culturists. X678 Ray Willughby's Ortiith. 11. 59 A Fisher¬ man of Strasburgh .. sets forth the Bald Buzzard under the title of *Fish-Eagle. 1890 H. M. Stanley in Pall MallG. 28 June 2/2 Fish eagles. 1748 Phil. Trans. XLV. 233 The other [order of Fishes] is furnish’d with Organs analogous to Lungs, which we call * Fish-Ears, or Gills. 174X Chambers Cycl., Ichthyophagi , *Fish-eaters. 1849 Southey Comm-pl. Bk. Ser. 11, Babylonian Fish-eaters. 1883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 78 Fish Eaters, Fish Carvers. 1805 R. Jameson Char. Min. II. 601 Ichthyophthalmite or *Fish-eye-stone. a 1625 Fletcher Hum. Lieutenant 1. i, Whether would you, *fish face? X786 Wolcott (P. Pindar) Bozzy <§- Piozzi 21 With vulgar *fish-fags to be forc'd to chat, i860 Times 8 Mar. 8/4 We rail away at one another .. with the impotence of fish-fags. X865 J. G. Bertram Harvest of Sea (1873)238 *Fish-farms for the cul¬ tivation of the oyster alone. 1554 T. Sampson in Strype Eccl. Mem. III. App. xviii. 49 *Fish-fasts, vows, pilgrimages. x837~4o Haliburton Clockm. (1862) 195 A sort o’ *fish flakes. 1865 Thoreau Cape Cod x. 197 The houses here were surrounded by fish-flakes, close up to the sills. 1880 G. B. Goode Menhaden 141 (Cent. Diet.) Biscuits made from *fish-flour .. were in good condition after having been kept for ten years in an unsealed jar. 1887 Pall Mall G. 28 June 6/2 His two sisters, .were cut and stabbed with a *fish-gaff. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 438 This *fish-glew [Ichthyocolla] is thought to be best, that is brought out of Pontus. 1676 Worlidge Cyder (1691) 151 Isinglass, or Fish-glew. 1861 Hulme tr. Moquin-Tandon 11. 111. 181 Isinglass or Fish-glue is the prepared air-bladder or swim¬ ming-bladder of the sturgeon. 1883 B. Phillips in Century Mag. Apr. 900/1 Starting with the crude *fish-gorge, I can show, step by step, the complete sequence of the fish-hook. 1884 C. W. Smiley in U. S. Commiss. of Fish Sp Fisheries, Report for 1881 665 Six farmers used about five sacks each of *fish guano, a 1813 A. Wilson Osprey Poet Wks. (1846) 280 God bless the *fish-hawk and the fisher! X848 Thoreau Maine W. (1894) 35 Fish-hawks were sailing overhead, c 1000 sElfrics Gloss. Supp. in Wr.-Wiilcker 184 Piscinale , *fischus. 1483 Cath. Angl. 132/2 A Fische house, piscarium. 1701 Lond. Gaz. No. 3748/4 A sand.. stretcheth from the South end of the Town to the most Southern Fish- houses. X877 S. O. J ewett Deephaven 224 Going to market was apt to use up a whole morning, especially if we went to the fish-houses. 1681 Grew Musaeunt 1. § 1. 2 A long Cauldron like a *Fish-kettle. 1823 J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 16 Over the pan, or fish kettle, put a gridiron. 1403 Nottifigham Rec. II. 20, j. *fyschknyff, ij d. 1825 T. Cosnett Footman's Directory 120 Have two soup-ladjes and fish-knives. 1826 The Ass 1 Apr. 2 You there with the pinking eyes and the fish-knife nose. 1885 Bompas Life F. Buck land ix. 189 Many *fish-ladders had proved useless, c 1440 Promp. Parv. 163/1 *Fysch leep, nassa. 1832 Miss Mitford Village Ser. v. (1863) 365 He’s actually discussing the whole concern ! fish, ^fish-liquor, bread, and FISH. 256 FISH butter, and parsley. 1661 N. Riding Rec. VI. 43 The milner of Brignall presented for that he do usually keep in the back beck a *fish- 1 ock. 1540 Sir R. Sadlf.r State Papers I. 48, I eat eggs and white meats, because I am an evil *fishman. a 1584 Hist . Tom Thumb in Hazl. E.P.P. II. 220 Tom..is caught by a Fishman. 1794-6 E. Darwin Zoon. (1801) IV. 145 A fishman asleep on his panniers. 1805 Sporting Mag. XXV. 72 My fish-man of whom I constantly purchase. 1856 L. Agassiz in Bence Jones Life Faraday (1870) II. 378 The enthusiastic fish- man whom you met at Dr. Mantell’s. 1591 Sylvester Du B artas 1. v. 381 Thou *Fish-Mariner [side note The Sayle- Fishl, Thou Boat-Crab. 1840 Malcom Trav. 30/1 I tried sharks’ fins, birds’ nests, *fish-maws. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, Fish-maws .. are sent to China and used as glue, &c. 1854 Badham Halicut. 23 They ate it [fish] raw, dried, or ground down in whalebone mortars into *fish-meal bread. 1880 Daily News 8 Nov. 2/5 The officers (“fishmeters as they are called) appointed by the Court of the Fishmongers’ Company seized. .18 tons 7 cwt. of fish as unfit for human food. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 11. lxxiv. 245 The seconde wilde kynde .. is called .. in English *Fisshe Mynte, Brooke Mynte. 1861 Hulme tr. Moquin-Tandon 11. in. 188 Whale oil, known under the name of *Fish oil, is obtained from the Common Greenland Whale. 1887 Pall Mall G . 22 Nov. 2/2 The duty-free admission into the States of .. fish-oils. 1867 A. L. Adams Naturalist in India 114 We were startled one night by the unpleasant laugh of the ^fish- owl (Ketupa ccylonensis). 1873 Act 36-7 Viet. c. 71 § 17 No person shall .. wilfully scare or hinder salmon from passing through any *fish pass. 1885 Bom pas Life F. Buckland ix. 189 Varying weirs required different forms of fish-pass. 1853 Ure Diet. Arts II. 361 In Saxony, a cheap but inferior quality [of pearls] is manufactured .. They are known by the name of German *fish pearls, a 1555 Philpot E.vam. 4* Writ. (Parker Soc.) 336, That *fish-pot or net in the which both good and naughty fishes be contained. 1681 R. Knox Hist. Ceylon 28 They place Fish-pots between the Rocks. 1847 Gosse Birds Jamaica 430 It was brought to him alive, having been knocked off a fish-pot-buoy. 1820 Southey Lett. (1856) III. 183 The ^fish-potters being unanimously of opinion that this is not the season. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 11. 12 A little to the East of this River is a *Fish-Range.. Here are Poles to hang their Nets on, and Barbecues to dry their Fish. 1815 Falconer's Diet. Marine, ^Fish-room , that place between the tffter-hold and the spirit-room, c 1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 118 Fish-room, a place parted off in the after-hold .. It was formerly used for stowing the salt-fish to be consumed on board. 1818 Byron Beppo vii, I would recommend The curious in *fish sauce.. to bid their cook.. buy.. Ketchup. 1886 Punch 20 Nov. 252/2 The unavoidable absence of the *fish-slice. 1879 EncycL Brit. X. 133/1 Gelatin-yielding substances .. comprising .. bladders and *fish sounds. 1552 Huloet, * Fishe .. stewe, icthyotrophia. 1885 Chamb. Jrnl. 75 A proposal to revive the fish stews or ponds which in by¬ gone times were so plentiful in this country. 1875 J. C. Wilcocks SeaFisherm. 57 A *fish-stick. .consists generally of a young holly bush deprived of its bark, and the branches left about a foot in length at bottom, diminishing to six inches at the top, the fish being thrust on through a hole in the back. 1822 in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 379 The erection of such a number of*Fish Stones in Derby Square .. as they may think proper for the accommodation of the neighbourhood. 1887 C. F. Holder Living Lights 97 Exaggerations are often termed ‘ *fish-storiesfor the rea¬ son perhaps that improbable tales are related concerning the denizens of the sea. 1615 Sandys Journey iv. 255 The *fish-stoues by him hewne out of the rocke, and built. 1879 E. Arnold Lt. Asia 1. (1886) 20 The pied *fish-tiger hung above the pool. 1878 N. Amer. Rev. CXXVII. 236 The Shah..sent a *fish-torpedo against the Huascar. 18SS H. Clarke Diet., * Fish-trowel. 1826 Cushing Newburypoi-t 118 * Fishwardens. Messrs. Offin Boardman, [etc.] 1870 Larv Rep. V. 671 No mill is prejudiced by the making of a *fishway in the dam. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke v. 4 LaetaS eowre nett on )?one *fisc-wer. a 1100 Gerefi in Angliai 1886) IX. 261 Fiscwerand mylne macian. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 423 Tweye grete fische werys. 1883 Harper's Mag. Aug. 376/1 Fish-weirs along the rocks. 1861 Miss Pratt Flcnver. PI. II. 73 The celebrated *fish-wood (Pisci- dia erylhrina ) used for the purpose of intoxicating fish. 1685 in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 287 Allowing Mr. Maior. .all the fish taken in y ? *fish yards in one tide. 1789 Ibid. II. 241 To destroy the Fish Yards now set upon the.. river Mersey. Fish (fij), sb.- [Of doubtful etymology. The comb. fsh-paunch, synonymous with sense 1, suggests that the word was a transferred use of Fish sb. 1 ; the appropriateness of the name on this supposition is not obvious, but the same may be said of many nautical terms of undisputed etymology. On the other hand, it is possible that the word is a. F. fiche (see next); it is not known that the F. word was ever used in sense 1, but its etymological sense is ‘ a means of fixing.’] 1 . Naut. 1 A long piece of hard wood, convex on one side and concave on the other f (Adm. Smyth), used to strengthen a mast or yard ; a fish-piece. 1666 Lond ; Gaz. No. 59/3 We put hard hands on Jury Masts and Fishes. 1692 in Capt. Smith's Seaman's Gram. 1. xvi. 79 Lash the Fish on to the Mast. 1748 Anson's Voy. in. vii. 367 His fore-mast was broken asunder .. and was only kept together by the fishes which had been formerly clapt upon it. 1749 Chalmers Phil. Trans. XLVI. 367 The Spikes, that nail the Fish of the Mainmast. 1854 G. B. Richardson Univ. Code v. 2143 Can you let me have a fish for my mast ? c i860 H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 73 One fore and one aft fish dowelled and bolted to spindle and side trees. transf. 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle xvi. (1859) 410 A black paw with fishes or splints whipped round it by a band of spunyarn. 2 . A flat plate of iron, wood, etc. laid upon a beam, rail, etc., or across a joint, to protect or strengthen it; in railway construction —fish-plate. r 1847 Specif. Adams <$• Richardson's Patent No. 11 715. 2 To connect the two iron rails together we use wood or iron fishes. 1875 R. F. Martin tr, Havrez' Winding Mach. 4 Rods .. tied together by oak fishes of the same scantling as the rods. 1875-6 Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng in. XLVI. 202 The original road had been laid with fishes 16 inches long. 3 . attrib. and Comb ., as fish-bar, -beam, -bolt, -hoop, (see quots.); fish-joint, a joint or splice made with fish-plates (also fish-plate joint ); hence fish-joint v., -jointed, -jointing; fish-front, -paunch, = sense 1; fish-piece = 1, 2 above; fish-plate, one of two plates bolted together through the ends of two rails on either side of their meeting-point to cover and strengthen the joint; hence fish-plating. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 872/1 *Fish-bar, the splice bar which breaks the joint of two meeting objects, as of railroad rails or scarfed timber. 1892 Northumb. Gloss, s.v., A ‘ -fish beam ’ is a composite beam, where an iron plate is sandwiched between two wood beams. 1875 J. W. Barry Railw. Appliances (1890) 61 The nuts of the *fish-bolts are apt to shake loose with the jar of passing trains. 1888 Lockwood's Diet. Mech. Eng in., Fish-bolt , a bolt employed for fastening fish plates and rails together. 1815 Falconer's Diet. Marine (ed. Burney), * Fish-front, or Paunch is a long piece of oak or fir timber, convex on one side, and concave on the other, used to strengthen the lower masts or yards, when they are sprung. 1794 Rigging <$• Seamanship I. 24 At the lower end of the fish is driven on a hoop, called a *fish-hoop, which is beat close to the sides of the mast. 1849 J. Samuel in Proc. Inst. Civ. Engin. VIII. 265 A number of these *fish joints had been laid down. 1868 Daily Navs 5 Nov., The almost universal adoption of the new ‘fish-joint rail’. 1892 Nor thumb. Gloss. 286 A ‘fish joint ’ is a joint made by bolting or riveting a plate on each side near the ends. 1855 Dempsey Pract. Railw. Engineer (ed. 4) 265 A portion only of the lines of this kingdom being as yet *fish-jointed .. It is obvious that with the same rail a fish-jointed road is much stronger. Ibid. 267 Mr. Ashcroft has accomplished the *fish-jointing of 150 miles of line without accident. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word- bk., * Fish-piece. 1869 Sir E. J. Reed Ship-build, vi. 102 The fish pieces or covering plates. 1855 Dempsey Pract. Railw. Engineer 268 The chairs are cast so that one side forms a *fish-plate. 1889 G. Findlay Eng. Railway 42 In 1847 Mr. Bridges Adams introduced the suspended joint with fish plates. 1889 Life of Vignoles xiii. 183 Vignoles always claimed to have been one of the earliest to introduce the fish-plate joint. 1881 Young Every Man his own Mechanic § 437 An exemplification of this fish-joint or *fish- plating is to be seen on any railway. Fish (fij), sb.% [ad. F. fiche (of same meaning ; also peg), f. ficlier to fix: see Ficche v.] A small flat piece of bone or ivory used in¬ stead of money or for keeping account in games of chance ; sometimes made in the form of a fish. Popularly confused with Fish sbl', hence the collective sing, is used for pi. 1728 Vanbr. & Cib. Prov. Ilusb. 1. i, I am now going to a party at Quadrille .. to piddle with a little of it [money], at poor two guineas a fish. 1751 Eliza Heywood Betsy Thoughtless I. 230 She was just going to call for the cards and fishes. 1766 Anstey Bath Guide viii. 90 Industrious Creatures! that make it a Rule To secure half the Fish, while they manage the Pool. 181 & Sporting Mag. XLVII. 297 A notorious gamester., at a game of loo, accumulated a large quantity of fish. 1825 Hone Everyday Bk. I. 91 Mother-o’-pearl fish and counters. 1878 H. H. Gibbs Ombre 9 A penny a fish will be found sufficiently high play. Fish (fij), sbA [f. Fish v. ; the senses are un¬ connected.] 1 . An act of fishing, colloq. 1880 Scribner's Mag. XX. 542/2, I will go find Tim. .and have a fish. 2 . a. The purchase used in ‘ fishing 9 or raising the flukes of an anchor to the gunwale, b. (See quot. 1892.) 1825 H. B. Gascoigne Na?'. Fame 51 The tricing Fish the careful Gunners hook, No time is lost, it firmly grasps the Fluke. 1892 Northumb. Gloss., Fish , a tool used for bringing up a bore rod or pump valve. 3 . attrib. and Comb. The sb. in sense 2, or the vb.-stem, occurs in various technical terms (chiefly Pfaut .): fish-back, a rope attached to the hook of the fish-block, and used to assist in ' fishing* the anchor ; fish-block, the block of a fish-tackle; fish-davit, a davit for fishing the anchor; fish- fall, the tackle depending from the fish-davit; fish- head, -martingale, -pendant (see quots.); ffish- rope — fish-fall ; fish-tackle, that used for fishing the anchor. Also Fish-hook 2. 1862 Nares Seamanship 74 * Fish-back, from the fore¬ castle, and secured to the back of the fish hook. 1627 Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. ii. 10 The Dauid is a short peece of timber, at the end whereof, .they hang ablocke in a strap called the * Fish-block, by which they hale up the flook of the Anchor to the Ships bow. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xxxi. 120 The .. *fish-davit [was] rigged out. 1882 Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 93 Iron .. fish davits are now fitted to nearly all ships. 1862 Ibid. 74 It [the fish martingale] keeps the davit from topping up as the *fish fall is hauled taut. 1842 Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. II. 171 The *‘ fish-head ’ for draw¬ ing a ‘drowned clack.’ 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining 109 Fish-head, an apparatus for withdrawing the clacks of pumps through the column. 1862 Nares Seamanship 74 *Fish martingale, a large jigger, the double block secured to one of the bolts in the davit head, the single block hooked down to a bolt in the ship’s side. 1750 T. R. Blanckley Naval Expositor, * Fish Pendant hangs at the end of the Davit. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 234 The upper end [of the fish-davit] being properly secured by a tackle from the mast-head; to which end is hung a large block, and through it a strong rope is rove, called the fish-pendant. *63° J- Taylor (Water-P.) Wks. ?. 81/1 Cables, hawsers, *Fish and Cattrope .. Halliers, Ropeyarns .. were all of rare stuffes of great price. 1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 105 * Fish-tackle. Fish, (fij), v . 1 Pa. t. and pa. pple. fished (fijt). Forms : 1 fiscian, 3 fissen, Orm. fisskenn, 4-5 fysshe(n, fis(s)he(n, 4-6 fisch(e,fishe,(4 fihche, fyschyn), 6 fyshe, 6- fish. [OE .fiscian = OFris. fiskia , OS. fiskdn (Du. visschen ), OFIG. fiskdn (MFIG. vischen , mod.Ger. fisc hen), ON. fiska (usually fiskja of differing conjugation ; Sw. fiska, Da. fiske), Goth, fiskdn OTeut. *fiskcjanj f. *fisko-z Fish sb . ! ] I. intr. 1. To catch or try to catch fish ; to use nets or other apparatus for taking fish. Const. + after, for. < 888 K.^Elfred Boeth. xxxii. § 3 Donne *e fiscian willa)?. c 1200 Ormin 13297 To fisskenn affterr fisskess. <11300 A". Horn 1136 I he am a fissere, Wei feor icome hi este For fissen at hi feste. c 1305 St. A ndrew 3 in E. E. Poems (1862) 98 As hi fischede aday Bi he se oure louerd com. c 1386 Chaucer Reeve's T. 7 Pipen he coude, and fisshe, and nettes bete. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 163/1 Fyschyn, piscor. 1546 J. Heywood Prov. (1562) D j b, He hath well fysht and caught a frog. 1674 tr. Scheffer s Lapland 107 Their way of fishing alters with the season. 1727 Swift Gulliver in. i. 181, I beheld some people fishing with long angling rods. 1848 Life Normandy (1863) I. 283 They fish for them very much in the same manner. b. fig. (with reference to Mark i. 17 ). 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) v. xiv. 80 These tonges were taken them as for theyr pryncipal Instrument for to fysshen with. 1552 Latimer Serin, vii. (1562) 125 b, Their special callyng is to fishe, to preache the worde of God. c. To fish in troubled waters : fig. to take ad¬ vantage of disturbance or trouble to gain one’s end. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 102 Their perswasions whiche alwayes desyre your unquietnesse, whereby they may the better fishe in the water when it is troubled. 1625 Bp. Mountagu App. C&sar. v. 43 They .. fare full and fatt by Fishing in troubled waters. 1722 Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) I. iv. 276 You delight to fish in troubled waters. I 797 Spirit Pub. Jrnls. (1799) Though drunk as fish our rulers be, The thing sure little matters ; Only it forces you and me To fish in troubled waters. 2. To search by dredging, diving, or other means for something that is in or under water, e.g. sunken treasure, pearls, coral, etc. 1655 F. W. in W. Fulke's Meteors 166 Gold .. found in Waters and Rivers is fished for, and is in form of little Grains. 1690 Luttrell Brief Rcl. (1857) II. 129 The .. grant for fishing for silver at a wreck in the West Indies. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. vi. 134 A very rich Ship .. lies to this day ; none having attempted to fish for her. 3. To use artifice to obtain a thing, elicit an opinion, etc. Const, after, for. 1563-87 Foxe A. M. (1684) III. 239 They both did come but to fish for some things which might make a shew that my L. Chancellor had justly kept him in prison. 1583 Stanyhurst ZEncis iv. (Arb.) 108 Crosse thee seas : fish for a Kingdoom. 1638 Penit. Conf. vii. (1657) *9° To fish.. after secrets. 1752 Fielding Amelia viii. x, The Half Guinea, for which he had been fishing. 1806-7 J- Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) 111. xxiii. At the game of commerce losing your life in fishing for aces. 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair iv, The first woman who fishes for him, hooks him. 1886 Mallock Old Order Changes II. 217, I should have fished for you to ask me. Mod. To fish for a compliment. b. To fish for oneself', to get all one can ; to seek one’s own profit exclusively; to rely on one’s own efforts. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. iii. (1739) 8 This raised the price of the Clergy, and taught them the way to fish for themselves. 1653 Baxter Chr. Concord 117 Such men fish most for themselves. 1867 Lady Herbert Cradle L. ii. 48 He leaves you to fish for yourself among his miscellaneous stores. 1892 Northumb. Gloss., ‘ Aa’ll gan an fish for mesel.’ c. Harvard College Slang (see quot. 1851 ) : absol. to curry favour, strive to ingratiate oneself with another. 1774 T. Hutchinson Diary 10 Oct. I. 261 He courts me a good deal, and fishes. I fish in return; and I think neither of us meets with much luck. 1851 B. H. Hall College Words and Cust., Fish. At Harvard College, to seek or gain the good-will of an instructor by flattery, .. or officious civilities ; to curry favor .. Students speak of fishing for parts, appointments, ranks, marks, &c. II. trans. 4. To catch or try to catch (fish); to take as fish are taken; to collect (corals, pearls) from the bottom of the sea. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iv. vii. 118 b, The Misidan Sea. .whereas are fished great quantitie of Pearles. 1611 Bible Jer. xvi. 16, I will send for many fishers .. and they shal fish them. 1667 Hy. Oldenburg in Phil. Trans. II. 432 Red Coral, .is fished from the beginning of April till the end of July. 1828 Scott F. II. Perth , Thou hast fished salmon a thousand times. 1865 J. G. Bertram Iian>est of Sea (1873) 233 There is a period every year during which the oyster is not fished. transf. and fig. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus v. 777 To fisshen hire, he layde out hook and lyne. c 1400 Rom. Rose 7 494 To fisshen sinful men we go. 5. transf. To draw or pull out of water, mud, etc.; to discover and bring out of a heap of lumber, a deep place, or the like. Also with out, up. 1632 J. Lf.e Short Survey 21 The inhabitants fish out of the bottomes of their lakes a certaine rude matter. 1707 Lond. Gaz. No. 4304/1, 29 Brass Guns, lately fished up. 1727 A. Hamilton New Arc. E. Ind. II. 1 . 224 We .. fished up some small Fir-trees, which we had converted into Masts. 1778 Foote Trip Calais 1. Wks. 1799 II. 343 My wife fished FISH. 257 FISHERY out a large piece of blue apron upon the top of her fork. x8 zz Byron Werner n. i. 29 He .. help’d to fish the baron from the Oder. 1834 Medwin Angler in Wales I. 219 He was fished by his disciples out of the mud. x88o Lomas Alkali Traiie 200The crystals, .are drawn out. .or* fished and allowed to drain. 1889 J. K. Jerome Three Men in Boat 64 We had to. .fish them out of the bag. Jig. 1652 J. Wright tr. Camus' Nature's Paradox 10 Sometimes he fished wealth at Court, sometimes in his Go¬ vernment. 1886 Edin. Rev. CLXIII. 177 [A service] either fished up from some ancient ‘ use or invented afresh, like some of the fancy litanies we have heard of. 1889 Spectator 23 Nov. 712/2 Out of the vast reservoir of facts, .something might be fished up. .of interest. b. Naut. To fish the anchor: to draw up the flukes to the gunwale. X769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789), To fish the Anchor, to draw up the flukes upon the ship's side after it is catted. 1890 W. C. Russell Ocean Trag. I. iii. 57 They.. were fishing the anchor forwards. alsol. 1893 R. Kipling Many Invent. 364 ( Envoy ), Stop, seize and fish, and easy on the davit-guy. c. Coal-mining. (See quot.) 1888 Greenwell Gloss. Coal-trade Terms (ed. 3) 38 Fish, to catch up a drowned clack by means of a fish-head. 6. To try to catch fish in (a pool, stream, etc.). (Cf. similar use of shoot, etc.) To fish out : to exhaust the fish from. c 1440 Lydg. Secrces 579 Lyk hym that, .fyssheth a bareyn pool. 1539 Act 31 Hen. VIIE c. 2 § 1 Vnreasonable per- sones .. haue .. fished the said pondes .. as well by night as by daie. 1676 Cotton Angler vi. 47 Do but Fish this stream like an Artist. 1772 Poetry in Ann. Reg. 224 She fish’d the brook. 1838 James Robber ii, You are quite welcome to fish the stream. x866 Daily Tel. 5 Jan. 5/1 Rye Bay., is more fished perhaps than any piece of sea bottom in the world. 1892 Daily News 12 Apr. 2/1 Whether the Thames is over-fished, or, as the very gloomy prophets say, fished out. b. transf. To search through (a receptacle, region, etc.) for (something material or immaterial). 1727 Swift & Pope Pref. to Miscel., Some have fished the very jakes for papers left there by men of wit 1728 Pope Dune. 11. 80 Oft, as he fish'd her nether realms for wit, The goddess favour’d him. 1865 Masson Rec. Brit. Philos, iv. 260 Nowhere else are the various sciences so fished for generalizations. 7 . Chiefly with out : To get by artifice or patient effort; to ascertain, elicit (a fact or opinion). Const, from, out of. Cf. L. expiscari. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus 111.1113(1162) He that nedis most a cause out fisch. 1531 Instr . in Elyot Gov. (1883) Life 72 To fish out .. what opinion the Emperor is of us. 1541 St. Papers Hen. VIII, I. 663 We maye fyshe out of them, whither they were procured or sent hither by any maner of meanes. 1590 Greenwood Collect. Sclaund. A rt. B b, They . .haue. .commaunded certaine theire priests.. to fish farther cause of accusation. 1663 Pepys Diary 7 Sept., I could not fish from him .. what was the matter. 1709 Strype Ann. Ref. I. xxiii. 271 Hoping by this means to have fished out money either of the king or him. 1713 Addison Guardian No. 71 P4 An admirable knack of fishing out the secrets of his customers. 1770 in Doran Mann <5- Manners (1876) II. ix. 211 To desire a Lady to fish out of me whether I actually intended to go or not. 1866 Mrs. H. Wood St. Martins Eve xxx ii. (1874) 412 She was trying to fish out .. what real business he .. had at Hatherton. III. 8. [A new formation on the sb.] trails. To dress (land) with fish-refuse as a fertilizer. US. 1651 R. Child in Hartlib's Leg. (1655) 36 In the North parts of New-England, where the fisher men live, they usually fish their Ground with Cods-heads. 1894 E. Eggle¬ ston in Cent. Mag. Apr. 851/2 In New England the peculiar mode of fertilizing learned from the Indians introduced a new verb; the first-comers ‘ fished * their corn ground. Fish (fij), w. 2 [f. Fish sb*~\ 1 . trails. To fasten a piece of wood, technically called a fish, upon (a beam, mast, yard, etc.) so as to strengthen it; to mend (a broken spar, etc.) with a fish or fishes. Also To fish together. 1626 Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 3 Ready for., fishing or spliceing the Masts or Yards. Ibid. 13 A Jury- mast .. is made with yards, rouftrees, or what they can .. fished together. 1748 Anson's Voy. in. i. 295 We were obliged to fish our fore-mast. 1823 P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 120 Sometimes the pieces that are applied on the sides are made of wood; in this case, it is called fishing the beam. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xxv. 83 All hands were now employed .. fishing the spritsail yard. 1875 R. F. Martin tr. Havrez ’ Winding Mach. 5 Fishing the rods with the wooden fishes. b. To fasten (a piece of wood) 011 . 17x1 S. Sewall Diary 10 Sept. (1879) II. 322 Our Axel- tree. .broke quite off. .Fish’d on a piece in the morning. 2 . To join (the rails) with a fish-joint. 185° C. H. Gregory in Proc. Inst. Civ. Etigin. IX. 405 * Fishing ’ the joints of the rails with two pieces of cast or wrought iron secured by bolts or rivets. 1866 W. H. Barlow ibid.'XXV. 409 It would not do. .to fish old rails. Fi.sh.able (fvjab’l), a. [f. Fish v. 1 -f -able.] a. That may be, or admits of being, fished in. b. Of the weather : Suitable for fishing, rare. x6xx Cotgr., Peschcable , fishable, which may be fished in. X819 Blackw. Mag. V. 59T The water .. was fishable. 1867 F. Francis Angling ix. (1880) 315 A .. river, fishable from the shore. 1892 Illust. Sporting News 14 May 328/3 Warm, genial, and withal eminently fishable weather. Fish-day. [f. Fish j/>.i + Day.] A day on which fish is eaten, usually in obedience to an ecclesiastical ordinance; a fast-day. <11327 Pol. Songs (Camden) 151 On fyhshe day launprey ant lax. c 1440 Anc. Cookery in Househ. Ord. (1700) 429 Take almondes and. .tempur horn, on fyssheday wyth wyn, Vol. IV. and on flesheday with broth of flesh. X564 Act 5 Eliz. c. 5 It shall not be lawfulL.to eate any flesh vpon any dayes now vsually obserued as fish dayes, or vpon any Wednes¬ day now newly limited to be obserued as fish day. 1641 ‘Smf.ctymnuus’ Vitid. Attsw. § 2. 12 In the Calendar Fish dayes are now called Fasting days. 1699 T. Brown in R. L’Estrange Colloq. Erasm. (1711) 358 If it happened to be a fish-day, we had sometimes three whitings. Fished (fijt), ppl. a . 1 [f. Fish vf + -ed 1 .] Only in Fished-up fig. brought up. X849 Darwin in Life # Lett. (1887) I. 366, I feel sure that the newly fished-up names would not be adopted. Fished (fijt),///. a . 2 [f. Fish w . 2 + -ed L] Strengthened, or fastened together, with a fish or fishes. Fished-beam (see quot. 1846). 1846 Buchanan Techn. Diet ., Fished-beam , a beam belly¬ ing on the underside. 1875-6 Price Williams in Proc. Inst. Civ. Engin. XLVI. 160 The relative strength of the fished ends of the rail as compared with that of the solid part. 1882 X ares Seamanship (ed. 6)235 Fished yards are heaviest on the damaged side. 1888 Lockwood's Diet. Mech. Engin. 141 Fish joint, or Fished jornt. Fished (fijt), ppl. af> [f. Fish sb. 1 + -ed 2 .] Supplied with fish. 1630 R. Johnson’s Kingd. 4 Commonw. 365 Savoy. Many and large lakes it hath, and those very well fisht. 1846 McCulloch A cc. Brit. Empire (1854) I, 641 Not one had a full cargo, only one or two being half fished. 1882 F. Day Fishes of Gt. Brit. II. 215 The trawl-net boats .. were very poorly fished. Fisher (fi jarj. Forms: i fiseere, 2 fixere, 3 fisceere, 3-4 fissar(e, -er, south, vyssare, vis- sere, 3-5 fisch-, fyschar(e, -er(e, (5 fecher, fychere), 4-6 fissh-, fyssher(e, (5 fysshyer, 6 fiszher), 4- fisher. [OE. fiseere, OFris. fisker, OS. fisltari (Du. visscher) = OHG. fisedri (MHG. vischer, Ger. fischer), ON. fiskari (Sw. fiskare, Du. fisher) OTeut. *fiskarjo-, f. *fisko-z Fish r 3. 1 Like other OTeut. sbs. with this suffix it has be¬ come an agent-noun related to the vb.: see -er 1 .] 1 . One who is employed in catching fish. Now arch .; superseded in ordinary use by Fisherman. C893 K. ,/Elfred Or os. i. i. 17 [Daer] huntan &ewicodon, o]>\>e fisceras, o\>\>e fusel[er]as. £ 1175 Lamb. Horn. 97 Petrus wes fixere. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 265 Hys vyssares come to hym, & so gret won of fyss hym bro^te. 1382 Wyclif Isa. xix. 8 And mowrne shul the fissheres. 1553 Eden Treat. Ne'ive Ind. (Arb.) 22 The inhabitantes are great fyshers on the sea. 1704 Pope Windsor For. 137 The patient fisher takes his silent stand, Intent, his angle trembling in his hand.. 1758 Descr. Thames 227 Fishers distinguish their Herrings into six different sorts. 1851 Kingsley Song, Three fishers went sailing away to the West, b. trailsf. and fig. (esp. after Matt. iv. 19). c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. iv. 19 CumeS aefter me, & ic do J>a:t £yt beoS manna fisceras a 1300 Cursor M. 13325 (Cott.) Fra f»is dai forth i sal j?e ken for to be fissar god o men. 1663 Cowley Ess. etc. (1669) 133 They found them Hunters and Fishers of wild creatures, they have made them Hunters and Fishers of their Brethren. 1664 H. More Apol. iii. § 3 Who profess myself a Fisher for Philosophers, desirous to draw them to .. the Christian Faith. 2 . An animal that catches fish for food. 1562 Bulleyn Bk. Simples (1579) 7 ® Herones, Bittemes, [etc.]. These fowles be Fishers. 1576 Fleming tr. Caius ’ Dogs in Arb. Garner III. 245 The Dog called the Fisher . .seeketh for fish by smelling among rock and stone. 1823 Byron Island iv, ii, The feather’d fishers of the solitude. b. spec The pekan or Pennant’s marten ( Mustela pennanti ) of North America (also fisher marten fisher zveasel). Also, the fur of this animal. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 200 The fisher has a general resemblance to the martin, but is considerably larger. 1879 M. M. Backus in Encycl. Brit. IX. 838/1 Fisher, size, 15 by 30 inches, .glossy, dark and durable. 1882 Beck Draper s Diet., Fisher (fur), these skins are larger than sables, and the fur is longer and fuller. 1883 W. H. Flower in Encycl. Brit. XV. 577/2 Mustela pennanti. .the Pekan or Pennant's Marten, also called Fisher Marten. + 3 . A fishmonger. Obs. a 1400 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 353 No ffysshyere ne no pulter ne shal bygge fl^sche ne pultrye [etc.]. 1582 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 420 Any fisher that occupieth any standinge or shoppe. +4. An implement used by tanners (see quot.). 1688 R. Holme Armoury iii. 35^2 The Fisher, .is an Iron with Nett-work, made from side to side of it with strong Iron Wyers, with this the Bark is taken out of the Water. 1726 Diet. Rust. (ed. 3) s. v. 5 . A fishing-boat; a vessel employed in fishing. 1864 Thoreau Cape Codxx. (1894) 211 We saw countless sails of mackerel fishers abroad on the deep. 6. atlrib. and Comb.: a. simple attrib., as fisher- bark, -house, - keel , -net, f -pan, -ship, -stall, -town. b. appositive ( = that is a fisher, belonging to the class of fishers), as fisher-boy , -carl, -child, folk, -girl, -people, -swain, -train, -woman. Also fisher's coat. 1862 H. Marry at Year in Sweden II. 341 The passage of small *fisher barks down to Carlskrona. 1621 Lady M. Wroth Urania 308 From a Run-away and poore ^Fisher- boy he made me a King. 1867 Smyth Sailor’s Word-bk ., Fisher-boys, the apprentices in fishing vessels. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. III. iv. 212 A few rough "fisher-carles there were. Ibid. 227 The *fisher children hand in hand. 1854 H. Miller Sch. <$• Schm. xxii. (1857)481 Some of our Cromarty *fisher-folk. 1888 Daily News 18 Dec. 3/6 Here fisherboys and *fishergirls.. crowd the stage. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. xlvii. 162 Without the towne there were certayne *fissher houses. X870 Morris Earthly Par. III. iv. 227 And *fisher- keel on fisher-keel The furrowed sand again did feel. 1601 Holland Pliny II. xix. i. 4 Thread, passing good for to be twisted and knit into *fisher-nets. 1890 Daily News 15 Feb. 6/4 A black fisher-net dress trimmed .. with well- imitated mimosa. 1535 Coverdale Amos iv. 2 Youre posterite caried awaye in *fyssher pannes. 1885 Truth 28 May 848/2 *Fisherpeople hauling their boat through the surf. i6ix Bible John xxi. 7 He girt his *fishers coate vnto him. 1614 Eng. Way to Wealth in Hart. Misc. (Malh.) III. 235 Busses, bonadventures, or ^fisher-ships. 1572 Nottingham Rec. IV. 145 A *fyssher stalle that Thomas Reve stans in. 1627 P. Fletcher Apollyonists hi. xxi, Those *fisher-swaynes.. by full Jordan’s wave. 1538 Leland I tin. (1744) VII. 55 A lytle prety *Fyssher Town cawled Wyrkinton. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. vn. (1703)11.306 In Dorset-shire. .little fisher Towns, Poole and Lyme. 1725 Pope Odyss. xxii. 425 When by hollow shores the *fisher- train Sweep with their arching nets the hoary main. 1816 Scott Antiq. xxvi. note. The *fisherwomen .. put in their claim. 1863 Bates Nat. Amazon ix. (1864) 258 The two dusky fisherwomen marched down to their canoe. 7. Special combs.: fisher - fish (see quot.) ; + fisher’s berry = fish-berry ; + fisher’s folly, an angler’s house in the country; fisher’s*knot, a slip knot, the ends of which lie horizontally, and will not become untied (Davies) ; fisher’s ring or seal ^fisherman's ring. Also Fisher-boat, Fisherman. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., * Fisher-fish, a species of Remora, said to be trained by the Chinese to catch turtle. 1787 Best Angling (e d. 2) 67 Co cuius indicus .. called also baccae piscatoriae, *fisher’s berries. 1638 Brathwait Surv. Hist. 183 As one who had taken a surfeit of the City, h’as built himselfe a new *Fishers folly in the Countrey. 1611 Markham Countr. Content. 1. x. (1668) 53 A *Fishers knot, which is your ordinary fast knots, foulded four times about, both under and above. 1741 Compl. Fam. Piece 11. ii. 331 You may tie your Links together with the Fishers or Weavers Knot. 1689 Lond. Gaz. No. 2486/I He afterwards broke the *Fishers Ring, and caused the Lead of the Bulls to be likewise broke. Fi’sher-boat. A boat used by fishermen. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 162/2 Fyscharys boote, phaselus. 1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 2 The great diminucion of the Kinges nauie, fisherbotes and mariners. 1662 J. Davies tr. Oleariiis' Voy. Ambass. 395 To send the Baggage by Sea, in six great Fisherboats. 1741-3 Wesley Extract of Jrnl. (1749) no It seem’d strange to me, to attempt going in a fisher-boat, fifteen leagues upon the main ocean. 1874 Farrar Christ 136 The rough fisher-boats of Bethsaida. fig. 1663 Cowley Pindar. Odes, To Mr. Hobs iv, The Baltique. .and the Caspian. .Seem narrow Creeks to thee, and only fit For the poor wretched Fisher-boats of Wit. Fisheress. rare. [See -ess.] A female fisher. 16x1 Cotgr., Pescheresse, a fisheresse, a woman fisher. 1685 Evelyn Mrs. Godolphin 210, I would sometymes call her the fisheress of her sex. Fisherman (frjbjmsen). [f. Fisher + Man.] 1. One whose occupation is to catch fish. 1526 Tindale Luke v. 2 The fisshermen. .were wasshynge their nettes. 1605 Shaks. Lear iv. vi. 17 The Fishermen that walk’d vpon the beach Appeare like Mice. 1780 Harris Philol. Enq. Wks. (1841) 429 Massinello who in a few days, from a poor fisherman rose to sovereign authority. 1855 Milman Lat. Chr. (1864) II. iv. v. 293 St. Gall was a skilful fisherman and supplied the brethren with fresh fish from the lake. transf 1878 Fraser's Mag. XVIII. 628 The natives are splendid fishermen of money. 2. An animal that catches fish. (Cf. also fisher¬ man-diver in 4 .) 1634 T. Johnson Parey's Chirurg. (1649) 51 Of the Fish called the Fisherman. This fish is called the Fisherman, because he hunts and takes other Fishes. 3. A fishing-boat; a vessel employed in the business of taking fish. 1604 E. Grimstone Hist. Siege Ostend 185 There entred six. Fisher-men into the Towne whereof one was sunke. 1700 S. L. tr. Fryke’s Voy. E. Ind. 356 The 15th we met with an English Fisherman that was coming from Ysland; he was loaden with Salt-fish. 4. attrib. and Comb., as fisherman apostle, pilot ; also, fisherman-diver, the merganser; fisher¬ man’s bend, a kind of knot; fisherman’s night¬ ingale, a name for the sedge-warbler; fisherman’s ring (seequots.); fisherman’s walk (see quot.). 1653 Walton Angler i. 28 His four *Fishermen Apostles. 1885 G. Allen Babylon vi, We call him a *fisherman-diver. 1886 Pall Mall G. 8 Sept. 8/2 The suggestion that a *fisher- man pilot should be placed on board each of the four cruisers. c i860 H. Stuart Seaman’s Catech. 2 A ^fisherman’s bend. 1867 Smyth Sailor’s Word-bk., Fisherman s Bend, a knot, for simplicity called the king of all knots. 1884 Public Opinion 5 Sept. 299/1 My old angler friends call this bird [the sedge warbler] the ^fisherman’s nightingale. 1727-41 Chambers Cycl. s. v. Seal, The pope has two kinds of seals : the first used in apostolical briefs, and private letters, &c., called the ^fisherman’s ring.—This is a very large ring, wherein is represented St. Peter, drawing his net full of fishes. 1877 W. Jones Finger-ring 198 The 4 Fisherman's Ring ’ is the Pope's ring of investiture. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk.,*Fisherman's Walk, an extremely confined space, * three steps and overboard ’, is often said of what river yachtsmen term their quarter-decks. Fishery (frjeri). [f. Fish v . 1 + -ery, or f. Fisher + -y 3.] 1. The business, occupation, or industry of catch¬ ing fish, or of taking other products of the sea or rivers from the water. In this and the following senses often preceded by some defining word, as bank-, bay-, coast-, cod-, pearl-, nver-, salmon-, sea-, whale-fishery- 1677 Yarranton Eng. Improv. 142 We have not one fourth part of Moneys sufficient to drive the Trade of England, and set up the neglected Fishery. 1769 Lloyd's Evening 33 FISHET 258 FISHLESS. Post 22 Sept. 205/2 The British fishery at Iceland has this year turned out but poorly. 1890 Pall Malt G. 2 J une 2/1 The French fishery upon the coast of Newfoundland, once very large, has fallen away to a mere nothing. 2 . A place or district where fish are caught; fishing-ground. i6og Dampier Voy. II. 11. 124 It is a great Fishery, chiefly for Snooks, which they catch in the Lake. 1792 G. Washing¬ ton Lett. Writ. 1891 XII. 245 The landing by Bishop’s house, which used to be, and no doubt still is, good fishery. 1823 Byron Juan ix. xxxi, Where God takes sea and land, Fishery and farm, both into his own hand. 3 . A fishing establishment; colled, those who are engaged in fishing in a particular place. 1710 Lond. Gaz. No. 4713/3 Some English Gallies had destroyed the French Fishery there. 1788 T. Jefferson Writ. (1859) II. 539 This produced an outcry of the Dunkirk fishery. 1885 E. R. Scidmore Alaska'w. 35 The Kasa-an fishery has distanced its rivals. 4 . Law. The right of fishing in certain waters. Free fishery, an exclusive right of fishing in public water, derived from royal grant; several fishery, an exclusive right to fish derived from ownership of the soil; common of fishery, the right of fishing in another man’s water; common fishery, the right of all to fish in public waters. 1748 Lady M. W. Montagu Lett. (1893) II. 167 The fishery of this part of the river belongs to me. 1767 Blackstone Comm. II. 39 A free fishery, or exclusive right of fishing in a public river, is also a royal franchise .. He that has a several fishery must also be the owner of the soil. 1817 W. Selwyn La 70 Nisi Prius II. 772 A plea, which prescribed for a several fishery in an arm of the sea. 1832 Miss Mit- ford Village Ser. v. (1863) 462 Colonel Talbot .. possesses a right of fishery for some mile or two up the river. 5 . colled. Fish of different kinds {nonce-use). 1828 Miss Mitford Village Ser. in. (1863) 491 Martha Glen having been long his constant customer, dealing with him in all sorts of fishery and fruitery. 6. attrib. and Comb ., as fishery house, industry , law, etc.; fisheries act , exhibition ; fishery-salt (see quot. 1884). 1528 in Archpeologia LIII. 380 The fyssherye house at Guisnes. 1864 Glasgow Daily Herald 24 Sept., I have been stationed here as fishery officer. 1865 Esquiros Cornwall 132 The fishery women pointed out to me the surface of the bay striped with red. 1868 Peard Water-farm. xiii. 128 There were no fishery laws in France. 1883 E. R. Lankester Adv. Science (1890) 215 More accurate know¬ ledge of fishery-animals shall be provided. 1883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 74 Fishery Salt. 1884 Chesk. Gloss., Fishery Salt , coarse salt made specially for curing fish. 1894 Daily News ip Jan. 5/3 As an outcome of the County Fisheries Exhibition held last year at Truro, the Technical Instruc¬ tion Committee of the Cornwall County Council.. resolved to establish a fisheries school. Fishet (fvjet). nonce-wd. [see et.] A little fish. 1823 Lamb Lett. (1888) II. 84, I wash my hands in fishets that come through the pump thick as motelings. Fishew, Obs., var. of Fichu. 1755 Mrs. Delany Let . to Mrs. Dewes 364, I brought a little cold from Longleat, and lost^ny good fishew. Fishful (fHfui), a. [f. Fish sbA + -ful.] Abounding in nsh. 1550 Phaer ZEneid iv. (1558) K j, Most lyke a byrd that .. his haunting kepes Among the fyshfull rocks. 1605 Cam¬ den Remains (1638) 1 Fishfull and navigable rivers. 1652- 62 Heylin Cosmogr. 11. (1682) 147 Not far from a Fishful Lake, i860 All Year Round 5 May 79/2 Rising from the fishful Thames. 1889 Hissey Tour in Phaeton 227 The fishful-looking river Bure. Fishgarth (fi-jgarj)). [f. as prec. + Gakth.] A garth or inclosure on a river or the seashore for preserving fishes or taking them easily. 1454 Let. in Burton & Raine Hemingbrough 393 Oon fysshgarth. is at yis tyme void of take. 1532 Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 18 Certaine engines for taking of fish in the said riuer . .commonly called fishgarthes. 1634 Ford P. Warbeckiv. i, The earl shall deliver from his ransom The town of Berwick to him, with the fishgarths. 1771 in Picton L'pool. Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 240 The several fish garths erected within this Port. 1894 R. S. Ferguson Hist. Westmorland 199 There was a perpetual quarrel about a fishgarth in the Esk. Fish-gig. [var. of Fizgig, the first element being modified after Fish, from its use in catching fish.] (See quot. 1788.) = Fizgig 4. a 1642 Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts VI. (1704) 532/2 These Fishes are taken with .. Fishgigs. 1788 Falcon- bridge Afr. Slave Tr. 41 The fish-gig. .an instrument used for striking fish, .consists of several strong barbed points fixed on a pole, about six feet long, loaded at the end with lead. 1802 Barrington Hist. N. South Wales i. 16 The men fish with a fish-gig. Fi'shhood. rare. [f. Fish sbP + -hood.] The state or condition of a fish. 1866 F. Buckland Cur. Nat. Hist. Ser. 3 1 .125 Thousands . .of your babies have I reared up to fishhood. 1887 Story 0/a Kiss I. vi. 95 A shark in the bloom of early fishhood. Fish-hook. [f. Fish and v. + Hook.] 1 . A barbed hook used for catching fish. 1387 Trevisa Hidden (Rolls) IV. 295 [A] goldene fisch- hook. 1482 York Myst. Introd. 40 Those that makes pynnes. .or maketh ffisshe-hukes. 1555 Eden Decades 201 Crooked like a fysshehooke. 1611 Biui.e Amos iv. 2. a 1732 T. Boston Crook in Lot (1805) 12 Aptness to catch hold and entangle, like .. fish-hooks. 1872 Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm. 342 The manufacture of English fish-hooks is com¬ puted at one-sixth that of needles. 2 . Naut. An iron hook forming part of the tackle used to raise the anchor to the gunwale of a ship. 1627 Capt. Smith Seamans Gram. vii. 30 Hitch the fish-hooke to the Anchors flooke. 1805 A. Duncan Mari- tier’s Chron. III. 206 In fishing the anchor, the fish-hook gave way. c i860 H. Stuart Seaman’s Catech. 56 The fish tackle consists of two double blocks, and one single block; tbe lower one is fitted with a fishhook. 3 . attrib. and Comb., as fish-hook maker; fish¬ hook wire, a wire consisting of twisted strands, with a piece of wire resembling a fish-hook in¬ serted at intervals; also fish-hooked wire. 1696 Lond. Gaz. No. 3206/4 Tim. Kirby, fhe Son of Charles Kirby, Fish-hook Maker. 1892 Star 20 Sept. 4/3 All knowledge of the use of this fishhook wire was disclaimed by the defendants. .This fishhooked wire is manufactured, and. .finds a market. Fishify (frjifoi), v. [f. Fish sh) + -(i)fy.] irans. To turn (flesh) into fish. 1592 Shaks. Rom. <$• Jul. 11. iv. 40 O flesh, flesh, how art thou fishified. 1768 Poetry in Ann. Reg. 241 Ev’ry dish Seem’d transmuted. .There was fishified flesh, and fleshified fish. 1865 Examiner n Mar. 151/3 We have, in an English version .. the good flesh of Moliere’s shrewd simple prose fishified by Mr. Kenney into .. verse. Fishily (fi jili), adv. [f. Fishy+ -ly 2 .] In a fishy manner. 1851 Fraser's Mag. XLIV. 439 Naples..is as fishily in¬ clined as ever. 1879 W. Robinson Coward Consc. 111. i, Marcus shook hands fishily all round. Fishiness (fi-Jines). [f. as prec. + -ness.] The quality or fact of being fishy. 1766 Pennant Zool. (1812) II. 17 Its [the bittern’s] flesh has..nothing of the fishiness of that of the heron. 1834 Beckford Italy 1 . 31 I am not greatly surprised at the fishyness of their site. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxvi. (1856) 214 The fishiness..is no longer disagreeable. Fishing (fi-Jig ), vbl. sb . 1 [f. F'ish V. + -ING 1.] 1. The action of the vb. Fish. a. The action, art, or practice of catching fish. c 1300 Cursor M. 13278 (Cott.) Petre and andreu ..wit J>air fissing war \>a\ fedd. 1464 Nottingham Rec. II. 374 For a lyne boght for the same fisshyng. 1570 Act 13 Eliz. c. 11 § 3 Such Cods and Lings as they shall happen to take . .by their own fishing. 1632 Lithgow Trav. hi. 105 The best fishing that the whole Ocean yeeldeth, is upon the coasts of Orknay and Zetland. 1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. II. i. 19 Representations in miniature of the.. huntings, fishings, and productions of the country. 1814 Scott Wav. iv, Of all diversions, .fishing is the worst quali¬ fied to amuse a man who is at once indolent and impatient. b. proverbs. 1546 J. Heywood Proo. (1562) Div, It is .. yll fyshyng before the net. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 695 There is no fishing so good as in troubled waters, a 1665 J. Good¬ win Filled w. the Spirit xiii. (1670) 362 Those Proverbial Sayings; There is no fishing like to a fishing in the sea, no service like the Service of a King. 1671 F. Phillips Reg. Necess. 432 It grew into a Proverb amongst us not yet forgotten, No fishing to the Sea, no Service to the King. c. transf. and fig. Also with advbs., as about, out, up (see senses of the vb.). 1548 Udall, etc. Ercism. Par. Matt. iv. 19 The newe fyshyng, whiche serued..wyth the nette of the Gospell to catche men. 1641 Hinde J. Bruen vii. 27 Witnesse hereof, in parents such fishing for heires. 1720 Lond. Gaz. No. 5909/2 Forbidding, .either the fishing up, or receiving any of the.. Effects that might be driven on the Coast. 1741 Richardson Pamela (1824) I. 79 Why..is all this fishing about for something when there is nothing? 1889 Century Diet., Fishing out, the removal of fish from a fish-pond, the * drawing' of a pond. 2 . To go (also ME. wade ) a fishing \ a. lit. (OE. had on fiscofi gan). 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2198 For 3e bej> men bet itei^t to ssofle & to spade To.cartstaf & to ploustaf & a wissinge [v. rr. a fischyng, in fuschinge, to fysschynge] to wade. b. transf. ( nonce-use ) To rob on the highways. 1608 Penny less Pari, in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) III. 78 Soldiers, that have no means to thrive by plain dealing, .go a-fishing on Salisbury Plain. 3 . The privilege or right of catching fish in certain waters ; common and several fishing — common and several fishery : see Fishery 4. 1495 Ad 2 Hen. VII. c. 62 § 1 The Mede called the Kingis Mede and half the fysshing of the Watir called Temise. 1523 Fitzherb. Sum. 9 Also of mylnes seuerall fysshinges and commen fysshinges what they be worthe. 1607 Norden Sury. Dial., no Hath the Lord of the Mannor any peculiar fishjng within any river. 1788 Filey Inclos. Act 24 Wrecks, fishings, and all other royalties. 4 . A place or facilities for catching fish; fishing- ground, fishery. 1596 Spenser Stale Ircl. (1633) 95 A good towne, having ..a plentifull fishing. 1641 in J. Knox View Brit. Emp. (1785) II. 397 The Imployment of the Fishermen.. till they come to their Fishings outwards bound. 1795 J. Richard¬ son in J. Robertson Agric. Perth 377 Upon the Tumble ..there are scattered fishings belonging to different pro¬ prietors. 1815 Scott Guy M. vii, Ellangowan’s hen-roosts were plundered, .and his fishings poached. 5 . attrib. and Comb. : a. simple attrib. (sense 1) as fishing-barky -basket, -boat } -box, -craft, -gear, -ground, -hook, -house, -hutch, -line, -net, -pen, -season, -ship, -smack, -tackle, -town, - trade , - village , -weir. 1841 W. Spalding Italy <$- It. Isl. III. 349 The list .. in¬ cluded * fishing-barks and small coasters. 1838 James Robber i, The *fishing-basket under the arm. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. v. § 1 Several * fishing-boats and lighters, gliding up and down. 1836 Marryat Midsh. Easy xiii, They had received information from the men of a fishing-boat. 1870 Law Rep. Comm. Pleas V. 659 A *fishing-box. .so arranged that a fish going into it cannot get out. 1699 Dampier J oy. II. 11. 31 If they are not provided with Hooks, Lines or Harpoons or any other *Fishing-Craft. 1875 W. McIl- wraith Guide IVigtownshire 91 Stranraer was the rendez¬ vous of the.. fishing-craft. 1863 Lyell Antiq. Man 19 The Swiss archeologist has found abundant evidence of *fishing-gear. 1641 in J. Knox View Brit. Emp. (1785) II. 397 They are to. .make them [nets], .in a readinesse against they come to the ^fishing grounds. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World { 1840) 350 They had neither *fishing-hook or nets. 1799 G. Smith Laboratory I. 237 Your small fishing hooks. 1676 Cotton Angler i. 9, I have lately built a little *Fishing House upon it [the river], dedicated to Anglers. 1778 Eng. Gazetteer (ed. 2) s. v. Selsey, This peninsula has several fishing-houses towards the shore. 1868 Law Ref. Queen’s B. III. 289 The water .. is used to supply the null . .and also a *fishing-hutch or trap. 1466 Mann. <$- Househ. Exp. 212 My mastyr paid hym for v. *fyshenge lynes. 1865 Lubbock Preh. Times 375 Their fishing-lines were made of the bark of the Erowa. 1530 in Weaver Wells Wills (1890) 145 A vowlyng nett and a *ffyshing nett. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 11. 105 He would soon destroy their Canvas and Fishing-Nets. 1864 Tennyson En. Ard. 17 Enoch Arden.. play’d Among .. swarthy fishing-nets .. and boats up-drawn.. 1791 W. Jessop Rep. Thames $ Isis 20 The Sills of the old Lock and *Fishing Pen may be raised 18 Inches. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 11. 12 Where the Indian Fishers, .lye in the *Fishing-Seasons. 1785 J. Knox Vieiu Brit. Emp. I. 319 Several *fishing-ships from Kinsale take abundance of ling every year. Ibid. 1 .302 *Fishing-smacks from Harwich. 1876 J. Saunders Lion hi Path vii, The tiny fleet of fishing-smacks were all hauled up together on the shingle. 1703 Lond. Gaz. No. 3935/4 A Vellum Pocket-Book, with some ^Fishing-Tackle in it. 1813 Ex¬ aminer 15 Feb. 102/1 B. George .. fishing-tackle-maker. 1699 in J. Picton L'pool Miotic. Rcc. (1883) I. 325 It was formerly a small *fishing-town. 1662 J. Smith England's Improv. Reviv'd (1670) 258 The *Fishing-Trade, being in our own Seas, and on our own ground. 1699 Dampif.r Voy. II. 11. 124 At this Opening is a small *Fishing Village. 1870 Lmu Rep. Comm. Pleas V. 659 A *fishing-weir .. of solid masonry. b. Special comb., as fishing-breeze, one favour¬ able for fishing; fishing-crib (see quot.); fishing- flake = fish-flake ; fishing-float (see quots.); fishing-room (see quot.) ; fishing-tube (see quot.); fishing-wand (Sc.) = Fishing-rod. 1888 E. J. Mather Nor ard of Dogger 279 There has been a ‘smart *fishing-breeze' during the night, resulting in a heavy catch. 1886 C. Adams in Longin. Mag. VII. 652 Owing to the increase of fixed engines, called *fishing-cribs. 1861 L. L. Noble After Icebergs 20 We are glad to jump ashore at Mrs. Bridget Kennedy's *fishing-flake. 1727-41 Chambers Cycl., * Fishing floats, are little appendages to the line, serving to keep the hook and bait suspended at the proper depth. _ 1893 Standard Diet., Fishing-Jloat, [U. S.], a scow used in seine-fishing, from which an apron is let down to the bed of the river for the more convenient hand¬ ling of the seine. 1879 E. W. H. Holdsworth in Encycl. Brit. IX. 266 ‘ "Fishing rooms ’ or portions of the shore set apart for the curing and storing of fish. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 873/2 * Fishing-tube (Microscopy), an open-ended glass tube for selecting a microscopic object in a fluid. 1889 Barrie Window in Thrums 96, I was in the garden putting some rings on a *fishing-wand. Fi'shing, vbl. sb . 2 [f. Fish v . 2 + -ing L] The action of strengthening or supporting with a fish ; see Fish sb . 2 Fishing-hey, a kind of fish-plate. 1798 Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1845) III. 132 The..two masts, by good fishing will hold fast. 2837 Marryat Dog- fiend xii, I wish I had the fishing of your back that is so bent. 1852 Specif. Bruffi’s Patent No. 14096. 2 Into this metal clip, which I term a fishing key, the ends of each rail at its junction with the preceding or succeeding rail are received. Fishing (fijig), ppl- a. [f. as prec. + -ing 2 .] That fishes. 1 . Of an animal: That catches fish. (The names of such animals are sometimes hyphened.) Fishing frog, a fish := Angler 1 2. 1688 Clayton in Phil. Trans. XVII. 089 The Fishing Hauk is an absolute Species of a Kings-fisher. 1766 Pen¬ nant Zonl. (1769) III. 94 The fishing frog grows to a large size. 1883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal. (ed. 4) 153 The Fishing cat. .is very common in Lower Bengal about Calcutta. 2 . Of an accusation, inquiry, etc. : Preferred or put forward in order to elicit information which cannot be gained directly. 1831 Peacock Crotchet Castle xv, He again threw out two or three fishing questions. 1844 Ld. Brougham A. Lunel 1 . ii. 37 So she framed what our lawyers call her fishing question. 1863 H. G. Wilson Sp. bef. Privy Council 3 Merely colourable and fishing Articles of accusation. Hence Fi - shingly adv. 1837 Lockhart Scott (1839) VIII. 23 One of the College librarians yesterday told Sir W., fishingly, ‘ I have been so busy that I have not yet read youi Redgauntlet 1893 Field 27 May 771/1 The onlooker who is not fishingly inclined. Frshing-rod. [f- Fishing vbl. jA] A long slender tapering rod to which a line is attached for angling. Formerly called also Angle-rod. 1552 Huloet, Fishing rodde, calamus. 1591 Percivall Sp. Diet., Veleta, the toppe of a fishing rodde, tragula. 1706 Farquhar Recruiting Officer iv. ii, You have some¬ thing like a fishing-rod there. 1861 W. F. Collier Hist. Eng. Lit. 175 Izaak Walton, who wielded pen and fishing-rod with equal love and skill, was born at Stafford in 1593. Fishless (fijlts), a. [f. Fish jA 1 + -less.] Without fish; devoid of fish. 1591 Florio 2nd Fruites 109 Where you shall have the aire birdies, the sea fishles. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. vi. 339 The rapid seas shall sooner fishless slide. 1879 Walford Londoniana II. 38 Fishless ponds and ragged turf. 259 FISSIPAROUS. FISHLET. Fishlet (fi'Jlet). rare. [f. as prec. + -let.] A very small fish. 1886 Content,f. Rev. June 856 We might have filled a boat in an hour with..queer fishlets. 1890 Q. Rev. July 221 The fishlets are fed from time to time with yolk of egg. Fishling (fi'Jlig). rare. [f. as prec. + -ling, dim. suffix.] A small or young fish. 1884 Manclu Exam. 30 Aug. _ 5/2 The curious fishling which wants to find out what is behind the door. 1893 Field 4 Feb. 152/2 The unhappy fishling. + Fishly, adv. Obs. [f. as prec. + -ly 2 .] Like fish, fishily. 1699 Cowley Voy. in Cook's Voy. (1790) III. 846 Which fowles .. tasted somewhat fishly. Fishmonger (fi jmwijgai). [f. as prec. + Monger.] One who deals in fish. 1464 Mann. $ Housch. Exp. 243 The ferst day off Marche at the Fyshemongerys howse. 1594 Plat Jezvell-ho. 1. 9 This maketh the Fishmongers Wiues so wanton. 1725 Bailey Erasm. Colloq. 309 It was at a time when 'tis the Fishmonger’s Fair. 1865 Dickens Mitt. Fr. 1. xvii, The fishmonger pulls off his hat with an air of reverence. Hence ^i•sllmong•erillg• vbl. sb. } in quot. attrib. 1862 H. Marryat Year in Sweden I. 160 Abraham Cabe- liau, known in the fishmongering world, from a cod which still bears his name. Fishpond tfi jp^nd). [f. as prec. + Pond.] 1. A pond in which fish are kept. c 1440 Pronip. Parv. 163/1 Fisshe ponde, vivarium. 1653 Walton Angler ii. 42 An herb Benione, which being hung in a linen cloth near a Fish Pond..makes him [an otter] avoid the place. 1777 W. Dalrymple Trav. Sp. <5- Port. liv, There is a terrass on the south side, with a fish-pond. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 723 A small country seat, surrounded by pleasant gardens and fishponds. Jig. 1669 Woodhead St. Teresa 1. xix. 117 To make so filthy a Fish-pond, as I was, so pure. b. Applied jocularly to the sea (cf. herring-pond). 1604 Dekker Honest Wh. 1. Wks. 1873 II. 9 I had not saild a league in that great fishpond but I cast up my very gall. 1661 Ogilby His Majesty's Entert. 18 The great Fish¬ pond Shall be thine. 1866 G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. i. 3 Our queer German brothers over the Northern fish-pond. 2 . A depression in a card-table to contain { fish * (see Fish sbJ) or counters. 1785 Cowper Let. to Newton 19 Mar., When covered with a table-cloth, the fish-ponds are not easily discerned. Frsh-pool. [fi Fish jA 1 ] A pool of water to contain fish ; a fishpond. c 950 Lindisf. Gosp. John v. 7 In j?set fiscpol [L. in pisci - nam\ c 1000 Sufipl. YE If rids Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 178 Uiuarium, fiscpol; Euripus uel piscina , fiscpol. c 1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 883 To a fische-pole he come. 1529 Sup- plic. to King 48 Fyshe pooles well stored with dyuerse kyndes of fyshes. 1616 Surfl. & Markh. Country Farnte 77 The .. Fish-poole, which we haue appointed to be in the midst of our Court. 1718 Prior Solomon 11. 638 To the large Fish-pools, or the glassy Floods, b. (See quot.) 1718 Steele & Gillmore {title) An Account of the Fish- Pool : consisting of a Description of the Vessel so call’d, lately invented and built for the Importation of Fish alive. Fi’sh-scale. [f. Fish sb. I] One of the scales of a fish’s skin. Chiefly attrib. (in quot. 1834 referring to ichthyosis: cf. fish-skin disease below); fish-scale tile, a tile shaped like a fish scale. a 1661 Holyday Juvenal 61 Was this a price for fish- scales? 1834 Good Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 465 One case is recorded, in which the face was the only part exempted from the fish-scale covering. 1881 Young Every Man his own Mechanic § 1260 Fish-scale tile slabs, ,£12 10.?. per 100. Ibid. § 1261 The fish-scale slabs, .are notched or rebated on the lower edge. 1882 Caulfeild & Saward Diet. Needle¬ work 207 Fish Scale Embroidery .. The principal parts of the design., are covered over with brightly tinted Fish scales sewn to the foundation with coloured silks. Fish-skin (fijoskin), [f. Fish jA 1 ] 1. The skin of a fish. 1651 J. Hall Grounds of Monarchy 11. 31 Hanging fish skins about the wals of the Chamber. 1759 Colebrooke in Phil. Trans. LI. 43 A piece of old wainscoat. .was smoothed with a fish-skin. 1859 Lowell Biglow Papers Gloss., Fish- skin, used in New England to clarify coffee. 2 . attrib. and Comb.: fish-skin disease (also shortened fish-skin ), ichthyosis ; fish-skin grain, grain (in leather) resembling the skin of a fish. 1703 Lond. Gaz. No. 3896/4 He. .had about him a Fish skin Plaister-Box with Silver Instruments. 1814 T. Bate¬ man Cutan. Dis. (ed. 3) 49 The Ichthyosis , or fish-skin disease. 1834 Good Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 463 Lepidosis Ichthyiasis. Fish-skin. 1879 Eng Mech. 11 Feb. 534/2 Steel rollers, for making the ‘ fish skin ' grain. Fi'sh-tail. [f. Fish jA 1 ] The tail of a fish. Chiefly attrib. of things resembling a fish’s tail in shape or action, e. g. a spreading flame from a kind of gas-burner, hence called fish-tail burner , -jet (also shortened fish-tail) ; fish-tail wind (see quot. 1875 ). 1840 Mech. Mag. XXXII. 343/2 The best small light is .. the fish-tail jet. 1852 J. Bourne Screw Propeller 56 Fowles’s Fish-tail Propeller. 1864 Sala in Daily Tel. Oct., I turned on a fishtail burner, c 1865 Letheby in Circ. Sc. I. 128/2 In the case of cannel coal, the holes are small; and for common London gas they are rather large. The former are known by the name of Lancashire or Scotch fish-tails. 1872 O. W. Holmes Poet Breakf-t. x. (1885) 247 We have no more reverence for the sun than we have for a fish-tail f as-burner. 1875 Times 16 July 5/5 A nasty shifting breeze lowing down the ranges all day, now on this side, now on that,—a ‘fishtail’ wind. 1882 Daily News> 15 Sept. 6/1 The day was bright with a strong fish-tail wind. 1892 Daily News 29 Mar. 6/6, I spliced it to the bedstead, in what they call a fishtail knot. b. Hence as predicative adj. rare. 1891 Daily News 28 Mar. 5/6 The wind was very fish-tail and tricky. t Fi sh-whole, a. Obs. [f. Fish jA 1 ] As sound as a fish ; thoroughly sound or healthy. a 1225 Juliana 59 Heo ase fischhal as fiah ha nefde no- wher hurtes ifelet. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xii. 52 He was clensed of lepre and made fisch hale, c 1430 C/icv. Assigne 353 ^ Fyve cheynes I haue & key ben fysh hole. 1599 H. Buttes Dyets drie Dinner M, As sound as a Trout. And another phrase, Fish-whole, I think is most ment of the Trout. Fishwife (fi jwaif). [f. as prcc. + Wife.] A woman who sells fish. 1523 J. Roper Will in A rchxol. Cant. (1859) II. 154, I bequethe to the making of an horse way, for the fisshe wyves. 1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. A mb. 80 They ..abuse one another like Fish-wives. 1739 J. Miller Jests cxv, She bid the Fish-Wife about half what she asked. 1867 J. Macgregor Voy. Rob Roy (1868) 72, I took the tow- line thrown down from the quay by some sturdy fishwives. Fishy (fi;JV), a. [f. as prec. + -Y 1 .] 1 . Abounding in fish. Now poet, or humorous. 1552 Huloet, Fishye, or full of fishe .. piscosus, piscie- lentus. 1632 J. Lee Short Surv. 20 Hath many fishie rivers and lakes. 1725 Pope Odyss. iv. 499 Bait the barb'd steel, and from the fishy flood Appease th* afflictive fierce desire of food. 1833 Blackw. Mag. XXXIII. 853 On the banks of that fishy loch we stood. 1870 Bryant Iliad I. ix. 265 As when two winds upturn the fishy deep. 2 . Resembling a fish or something belonging to a fish; fish-like. 1611 Bible i Sam. v. 4 Only the stump [marg. fishy part] of Dagon was left. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. xix. 260 The Mermaids, .with womans head above, and fishy extremity below. 1703 Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1721) Add. 2 Two Syrens, w'hich twining their fishy Tails to¬ gether, made a Seat. 1863 N. Macleod Remin. Highland Par. in Gd. Words 505 Lachlan had become so accustomed to this kind of fishy existence. 1868 Helps Realmah iii. 47 I know nothing of these fishy, half-under-water people. Comb. 1825 J. Neal Bro. Jonathan II. xxvi, Getting over the ground upon a pair of droll, fat, fishy looking legs. b. Of the eye: Dull, vacant of expression. Also in comb, fishy-eyed adj. 1836 T. Hook G. Gurney III. 23 The door was opened by a tall, fishy-eyed maid. 1847 Alb. Smith Chr. Tadpole xv. (1879) 136 The same vacant faces, looking with the same fishy start into the lecturer’s countenance. 1862 Sala Seven Sons I. vi. 128 A pallid young man with a fishy eye. 1877 A. B. Edwards Up Nile xi. 291 The Sheykh of the Cataract—a flat-faced, fishy-eyed old Nubian. 3 . Of odonr, taste, etc.: Characteristic of or proceeding from fish. 1616 Chapman Museeus 383 It is enough for thee To suffer for my love the fishy savours. 1667 Milton P. L. iv. 168 Better pleas’d Then Asmodeus with the fishie fume. 1791 Cowper Odyss. iv. 546 Which the fishy scent subdued. 1837 M. Donovan Dom. Econ. II. 211 An example of a pure fisny taste without the slightest degree of rankness. 4 . Having the savour, smell, or taint of fish. 1547 Boorde Brev. Health § 292 Clawe nat the skyn with fyshye fyngers. 1667 H. Stubbe in Phil. Trans. II. 501 A Bird, .called a Pellican, but a kind of Cormorant, that is of taste Fishy. 1791 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 8 Aug., The part by the sea. .was so. .fishy that I rejoiced when we left it. 1837 Hawthorne Twice-told T. (1851) II. vi. 90 The very air was fishy. 5 . Consisting of fish ; produced from fish. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 1. it. 28 Soy is made partly with a Fishy composition. 1723 Pope Odyss. V. 64 Watery fowl, that seek their fishy food. 1879 Chr. Rossetti Seek e bowels fallij? adoun )?oru5 a fissure .i. a brekynge. 1601 Holland Pliny xxi. xx, [It cureth] the Fissures in the seat. 1676 Wiseman Sing. v. ix. 379 By a Fall or Blow the Scull may be fissured or fractured .. this Fracture or Fissure may be under the Contusion, or [etc.]. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Fissure ..In Surgery a kind of Fracture, or breaking of a Bone, that happens in the length of it. 1767 Gooch Treat. Wounds I. 249 The best Authors .. divide the injuries, of which the skull is susceptible, into five kinds, as a. fissure, a fracture, [etc.]. 1876 Duhring Dis. Skin 49 Fissures are linear woundshaving their seat in the epidermis or corium. b. Anat., Bot. etc. A natural cleft or opening in an organ or part; e. g. one of the sulci or depres¬ sions which separate the convolutions of the brain. 1656-74 Blount Glossogr., Fissure, a cleft, a division, a parted leaf. 1713 Derham Phys.-Thcol. iv. ii. 101 In other Animals the Fissure of the Pupil is erect. 1797 M. Baillie Morb. Anat. (1807) 184 The mouth of the earth worm consists of a small longitudinal fissure. 1871 Darwin Desc. Man I. i. 10 Bischoff .. admits that every chief fissure and fold in the brain of man has its analogy in that of the orang. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fissure .. in Botany, the line of cleavage of seed vessels and anthers, and the clefts of a divided leaf. c. Her. A diminutive of the bend sinister, being one fourth of its width. + Also, a riband, or eighth part of a bend (obs.). i486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. E vij b, Thys fyssure is calde a staffe, and in french it is cald a baston. 1562 Leigh Armorie nob, A ribande. .conteineth in bredeth, the eight parte of y° bende .. This ys also called a Fissure. 1610 Guillim Heraldry 11. v. (1611)53 It is commonly called a Fissure, .in that it cuts or rents the coat armour in twaine. 1828-40 Berry Encycl. Herald. I, Fissure is the fourth part of the bend sinister and by some called a staff. 3 . The action of cleaving or splitting asunder; the state of being cleft; cleavage. *633 T. Adams Exp. 2nd Peter i. 11. 226 The apertion of heaven.. in these places signifies.. a visible fissure of heaven. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxviii. (1856) 232 On striking the surface with a walking-pole .. lines of fissure radiated from the point of impact. 4. attrib . and Comb., as fissure theory ; fissure claim, -needle, vein (see quots.), 1871 Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (1879) I- i x - 281, I had heard the Via Mala cited as a conspicuous illustration of the fissure theory. 1874 Knight Diet. Meek., Fissure-needle , a spiral needle for catching together the gaping lips of wounds. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., Fissure-vein, a fissure in the earth’s crust filled with mineral. 1886 York Herald 4 Aug. 1/4 As usual in such fissure veins, .as the workings increase in depth the lode will considerably increase both in thickness and richness. 1894 Westm. Gaz. 4 May 6/1 The reef, .is reported. .to be a true fissure claim. Fissure (frjiiu), v. [f. prec. sb.] 1 . trails. To make a fissure or fissures in; to cleave, split. 1656 Ridgley Pract. Physic 173 When the inward place is Fissured, the outward remaining unhurt. 1676 [see Fissure sb. 2]. 1841 Lever C. O'Malley xlvii, The French cannon had fissured the building from top to bottom. 1863 Lyell Antiq. Man xi. (ed. 3) 202 By that convulsion the region around Natchez was. .much fissured. 1869 Phillips Vesuv. viii. 237 The strata would be fissured and displaced. 2 . intr. To break into, or open in, fissures; to become cleft or split. Hence Frssuring vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 1830 Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 419 The rending and Assuring of the ground. 1859 Todd Cycl. Anat. V. 49/2 The process of Assuring or segmentation. 1862 G. P. Scrope Volcanos 47 The Assuring effect upon solid rocks. Fissured (frjiind), ppl. a. [f. Fissure sb. or v. + -ED.] Having a fissure or fissures ; broken up by fissures. 1788 T. Taylor Comment. ofProclus I. p. cxii, Quadrupeds having solid or many fissured hoofs. 1816 Shelley Alastor 579 Ivy clasped The fissured stones with its entwining arms. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. xvi. (1873) 352 Fluids that escape from the fissured ground. 1872 Oliver Elem. Bot. 1. iii. 21 Which lobes, after the expansion of the flower, become fissured near their margins. Fissureless (fi faules), a. [f. Fissure sb. + -less.] Without a fissure or fissures. 1875 Bennett & Dyer tr. Sachs' Bot. 111. iii. 650 The fissureless pieces of ice. Fissuriform (fi-Jlurif/im), a. [f. Fissure sb. + -(i)form.] Resembling a fissure in form. 1861 Hulme tr. Moquin-Tandon n. vii. xii. 388 The two lateral pits, .are fissuriform. Fissury (fijiuri), a. nonce-wd. [f. as prec. + -Y !.] Having, or full of, fissures. 1825 Blackw. Mag;. XVII< 339 Should the rock .. happen to be loose or fissury. Fist (fist), sb . 1 Forms : 1 fyst, (feest), 2-6 fest(e, (3 south, veste), 3-5 fust(e, (3 south. vuste), 4-5 feest, 4-6 fyst(e, 4, 6-7 flste, 5- fist. [OE. fyst str. fern, corresponds to OFris. fast, MLG. fftst (Du. vuist ), OH G.f/lst (MHG. vfist, mo&.Gzv. fates t) WGer. faflsti. By some scholars this is referred to an OTeut. form *filhsti-z, *funhsti-z\ —pre-Teut. *pnqstis (whence OS 1 . pfsti of same meaning', f. ablaut-variant of *penqe Five. 1 . The hand clenched or closed tightly, with the fingers doubled into the palm : a. gen., esp. for the purpose of striking. a 900 Lorica Gloss. 49 in O.E. Texts (1885) 173 Pugnas, fyste. c xooo Cleric Exod. xxi. 18 Gif men cidaj? & hira o)>er hys nextan mid .. fyste stic]>. c 1050 Monastic Sign- language in Techmcr's Intemat. Zeitschr.f. allg. Sprgsch . II. 124 Raer up |>me faeste. c 1160 Hatton Gosp. Mark xiv. 65 Sume .. mid festen hine beaten, c 1205 Lay. 22785, & seodden b a uustes uusden to sweoren. a 1225 Ancr. R. 106 He f?olede .. [>et te Giws dutten .. his deorewurde muS mid hore dreori fustes. c X400 Lanf ratie's Cirurg. 105 pe fyngris of his hand ben folden into his fist. 1490 Caxton Encydos xxvii. 107 Smytynge her brestes wyth her handes and fustes. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W.) 253 b, They layde on hym with theyr fystes and other wepens. X588 Marprel. Epist. (Arb.) 4 You will shortly .. haue twenty fistes about your eares. 1626 J. Pory in Ellis Orig. Lett. I. 331 III. 239 The Queen..brake the glasse windowes with her fiste. X650 Bulwer Anthropomet. 175 He only fights with a closed fist. 1740 Somerville Hobbinol 11. 294 His Iron Fist descending crush'd his Skull. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop v, Testifying .. a vehement desire to shake her matronly fist at her son-in-law. 1865 Kingsley Hereto. II. ii. 36 Which we inherited by right of fist. b. for clasping or holding something within. Hence also, grasp, grip, clutches. Now chiefly jocular. Cf. F. poing, still the ordinary word in this sense. In Eng. hand is now commonly used. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 345 Bope hys honden he nom Vol of )>e poudre & of \>e er^e .. And closedes to gader & hys fustes bope adrou. c 1320 R. Brunne Medit. 212 He ]>at )>ou seest yn )>e prestes fest. a 1400 Prymer (1891) x8 He . .hooldith the world in his feest. c 1400 Destr. Troy 10995 Philmen the fre kyng, hat he in fyst hade. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour E vij, She with her fyst tooke hym fast by the mantell. C1500 Melusine xxxviii. 302 The geaunt, that held his syhe in his fyst. X568 Grafton Chron. II. 2 He that a little before perswaded himselfe to have helde all England in his fist, now [etc.]. 1590 Spenser F. Q. ii. vii. 34 More light then Culver in the Faulcons fist. 1676 Hobbes Iliad (1677) 244 Lycon. .broke his sword : one part staid in his fist; The other flew'. 1727-38 Gay Fables 11. ix. io, I know, that in a modern fist, Bribes in full energy subsist. 1807-8 Syd. Smith Plymley's Lett. Wks. 1859 H- I 3^/ 2 No eel in the well-sanded fist of a cook-maid .. ever twisted .. as [etc.]. 1833 Mrs. Browning Prometh. Bound Poems (1850) I. 182 To shatter in Poseidon’s fist The trident-spear. 1864 Sir F. Palgrave Norm. $ Eng. III. 19 The leash in his fist. c. In various phrases: To grease the fist or (one) in the fist : to bribe, pay well; so, + to mollify the fist. To make a (good, poor, etc.) fist: colloq. to make a (good, etc.) attempt at some¬ thing. Also, Hand over fist, hand to fist ; see Hand. 1598 Bp. Hall Sat. iv. v. 2 That some fat bribe might grease him in the fist. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India <$• P. 98 Till a right understanding be created .. which commonly follows when the Fist is mollified. 1700 S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. iii, I had now and then greased the Chief Surgeons Fist. 1880 Howells Undisc. Country v. 87 Mrs. Burton is really making a very pretty fist at a salon. d. in Falconry , with reference to carrying hawks. 1482 Monk of Evesham xxxiii. (Arb.) 75 Sothely he bare there on hys fyste a lytyll byrdde lyke a sparhauke. 1486 Bk. St. Albans D j b, When ye haue yowre hawke on yowre fyst. 1562 J. Heywood Prow. $ Epigr. (1867) 214 They [falcones] wyll check oft, but neuer come to the fist. 1828 J. S. Sebright Obseiv. Haiuking 47 The goshawk is termed a hawk of the fist, because it is from thence, and not from the air, that he flies at his game. 1865 Kingsley Hereto. xv, He will have his hawks to sit on his fist. e. Used occasionally for: -p (a) A blow with the fist (obs.) ; (b) the art of using the fists, boxing. 1767 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. I. iii. 74 Harry gave him such a sudden fist in the temple as drove him staggering backward. Ibid. I. vi. 206 [He] gave him such a sudden fist in the mouth, a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) II. 13 Skilful in fencing and in fist. 2 . The hand, not necessarily clenched or closed. Obs. exc. in jocular use. a X300 Fragm. Pop. Sc. (Wright) 322 Thelbowes to the schare, the fustes to the chynne. c 1314 Guy Wartv. (A.) 4059 Mani he smot of fot & fest. 1393 Langl. F. PI. C. xx. 124 The fader is penne as pe fust with fynger and with paume. a 1400-50 Alexander 4674 With ilka fingire on 3oure fist. 1583 Stanyhurst Aeneis 1. (Arb.) 28 This fist shal sacrifice great flocks on thy sacred altars. 1586 J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinshed II. 24/2 She .. did wring hir fists, and cried out with a lowd voice. 1628 Ford Lover's Mel. 11. i, Humbly on my knees I kiss your gracious hand. I have a fist for thee too, stripling. 1650 Bulwer Anthropomet. ii. 113 The people of Numidiaeat out of their Fist. 1708 Motteux Rabelais iv. v. (1737) 20 Panurge and his Antagonist shak’d Fists. 17x9 D’Urfey Pills (1872) III. 105 Each Lad took his Lass by the Fist. Mod. colloq. Give us your fist, old fellow : i. e . shake hands. b. Print . slang. An index mark x888 in Jacobi Printer's Vocab. s. v. *v 3 . The ‘hand’ that one writes; handwriting. Now only jocular . [1524 R. Dolphine Let. 19 Apr. in M. A. E. Wood Lett. R. Ladies (1846) II. 23 The letter is subscribed and signed ‘By the rude fist of your servant .. Richard Dolphine'.] a 1553 Udall Royster D. iii. v. Loke you on your owne fist, and I will looke on this. 1567 Turberv. Ovid's Ep., Ulysses to Penelope U j b, I knewe thy freendly fist at first. c 1690 in Bagford Ballads (1877) 757 Several Yards of Fist Were wanting to compleat the List. 1864 Derby Day i. 8 Your friend writes a tolerable fist. 4 . attrib. and Comb., as fist-like adj.; fistwise adv.; fist-ball (see quot.); fist-fight, a duel with fists ; fist-free a., unharmed by blows ; fist-law (= Ger .faustrecht), the right of the strongest; fist- mate, an opponent in a boxing-match; t fist- FIST. 261 FISTULA. meat, in phr. to eat fist-meat, lo receive a blow in the mouth from a fist; fist-work, fighting with the fists. Also Close-fist. 1585 Higins tr. Nomenclator 296 Follis .. a *fist ball or a wind ball beaten with the fists to and fro in play. 1603 Holland Plutarch's Mor. v. iv. 773 At hurl-bats and *fist- fight. 1615 Tomkis AIbumazar v. ix, Neuer a sute I wore today, but hath been soundly basted. Onely this faithfull Countrey-case ’scap’t *fist-free. 183X Examiner 436/1 It was probably acquired .. by /fist-law (the jus gladii , or Faustrecht, of the old Civilians). 1856 R. A. Vaughan Mystics (i860) I. 35 A rough age of fist-law. 1647 R* Stapylton Juvenal 214 Hie [His?f*fist-like dowcets. 1834 Landor Wks. (1846) II. 239/2 A third [fights] because the next parish is an eyesore to him, and his *fist-mate is from it. 1563 Jack Juggler (Grosart 1873) 47 Gentlemen are you disposed to eat any *fist-mete ? 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xx. 150 As my hand and my fyngres, Vnfolde o[?er yfolde, a *fust-wise o[>er elles, A 1 is hit bote on hand. a 1603 T. Cartwright Confut. Rhem. N. T. (1618) 514 The same hand which being first stretched forth palm-wise, is after gathered fist-wise. 1819 T. Moore Tom Crib's Mem. (ed. 3) 6 A Ring and fair *fist-work at Aix-la-Chapelle. Fist (foist), sb 2 Forms: 5 fyyst, 5-7, 9 fiste, 6-7 fiest, fyest, fyst(e, 9 Sc. feist, 7, 9 fist. Also Foist. [First appears in 15th c., though OE. has the vbl. sb. fisting (see under Fist v. A ), The various WGer. langs. have synonymous words representing the three ablaut-types faist-, fist-, fist -: MDu. veesty mod.Du. vijsty MLG. vist, mod.HG. fist. Cf. ON. fisa (Da. fise) to break wind, and see Fise sb. A view widely held is that OTeut. *Jisti- is f. *fest '. — OAryan *pezd- whence L. pedere, Gr. / 38 e'(*> (from bzd-), Lith. bezdyti, and that the root fis was evolved from this; but the hypothesis does not clearly account for the facts.] f 1 . A breaking wind, a foul smell, stink. Obs. 1440 Promp. Parv. 163/1 Fyyst, stynk, lirida. 1511 De¬ nt aundes joyous in Kemble Salomon (1848) 288 It is fartes and fyestes. a 1529 Skelton Elynour Rummyng 343 Jone sayne she had eaten a fyest; By Christ, sayde she, thou lyest, I haue as swete a breth As thou. 1605 Jonson, etc. Eastward Hoe iv, F iv b, Marry, fyste o’ your kindnesse. I thought as much. 1611 Cotgr., Secrette .. a fiste. 1664 Cotton Scarron. 44 With that he whistled out most mainly. You might have heard his Fist. .From one side of the skie to th’t’ other. f 2 . The fungus usually known as puff-ball ( Lyco- perdon bovista). Also called Bullfist, Puckfist ( see those words) and Wolves' fist. Obs. 1597 Gerarde Herbal in. clxii. 1386 Puffe Fistes are commonly called in Latine Lupi crepitus or Woolfes Fistes. x6ix Cotgr., Vesse de louPy the dustie or smoakie Toad- stole called. .Bull fyste, Puffyst, wolues fyste. 3 . U.S. dial. A small dog. Cf. fisting-hound. i860 Bartlett Diet. Anier.y Fiste (i as in juice). 4. Comb., fist-ball = Fuzz-ball, Puff-ball. 1635 Herrick K. Obron's Feast Poems (1869) 471 A little fust-ball [1648 Hesper. 137 Fuz-ball] pudding standes By. 1640 Parkinson Theat. Bot. xiv. lxiv. 1324 The Fusse balls or rather Foist or Fist balls. Fist (fist), w.i [f. Fistj^. 1 ] f 1 . intr. To fight with the fists. Obs. 1 a 1300 Salomon # Sat. (1848) 272 pou most fist and fle ylome wijj eye ant wi)> herte. 1705 fsee Fisting vbl. sb.]. 2 . trans. To strike with the fist, beat, punch. 1597 Shaks. 2 Heji. IVy 11. i. 23 If I but fist him once. 1681 Dryden Sp. Friar v. ii, I saw him spurning and fist¬ ing her most unmercifully. 1876 Tennyson Harold 1. i, The boy would fist me hard. 3 . To grasp or seize with the fist; to handle. Now esp. Naut. To fist about, to hand round. 1607 Shaks. Cor. iv. v. 131 We haue beene downe to¬ gether in my sleepe .. fisting each others Throat. 1685 Cotton tr. Montaigne I. 621 Neither is it [the Bible] a book for every one to fist. 1701 Farquhar Sir H. Wildair 11. i, I warrant they [salvers] were fisted about among his dirty levee of disbanded officers. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef. Mast 124 We had to fist the sail with bare hands. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Fist , to handle a rope or sail promptly. 1870 Meade Ride N. Zealand 356 To see me take off my coat and fist an oar. 14 . To fist (a person) with : to place in his hand, to make to accept. Obs. rare. 1599 Life _ Sir T. More in Wordsw. Eccl. Biog. II. 83 For all theire importunate pressinge of him they could by no means fist him with one penny thereof. Hence Fi sting vbl. sb., the action of the vb. 1608 Shaks. Per. tv. vi. 177 To the choleric fisting of every rogue Thy ear is liable. 1705 E. Ward Hud. Rcdiu. 1. 1. 88 Each Zealot's Purity consisting In bitter Words, and sometimes fisting. + Fist, v . 2 Obs. Forms: 5 fyistyn, 6 fyest, (fiesten, fysthe), 6-7 fyst(e. [? OE. *flstan (? im¬ plied in fisting vbl. sb.), f. *flst sb. (see prec.) ; cf. D11. vijsten, veesten, MHG. z listen.] intr. To break wind. c 1440 Promf. Parv. 163/1 Fyistyn, cacco, lirido. 1330 Palsgr. 549/1 Beware nowe thou fysthe nat. 1570 Levins Manip. 92/25 To Fyest, pedere. 1605 Marston Dutch Courtesan iv. v. Gij, I must fiddle him till he fyst. 1611 Cotgr., Vessir, to fyste, to let a fyste. Hence Fi sting vbl. sb. Also Fister, one who fists. c 1000 /F.cfric Gloss, in Wr.-Wiilcker 162/43 Fesiculatio, fisting. C1440 Promp. Parv. 163/1 Fyystynge, liridacio. 1527 Andrew Brunswyke’s Distyll. IVaters Fij, As with fystynge and shytyng. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Cest vn gros, vn grand vesseur, a great farter or fyster. «6i 1 Cotgr., Venneur, a fizzler or fyster. Fisted (fi-sted), ppl. a. [f. Fist sb . 1 + -ed 2 .] Having or possessed of fists, fighting with the fists. 1806 Sporting Mag. XXVII. 243 The fisted knights being well matched. b. In combination with some defining prefix, as close-, clumsy-, hard-fisted : see those words. Fi’ster. [f. as prec. + -er k] A blow with the fist. 1825 Coleridge Lit. Rem. IV. 281 A partizan enjoying every hard thump and smashing fister he gives the adversary. Fistful (frstful), sb. [f. as prec. + -ful.] As much as a fist will hold, a handful. x6xi Cotgr., Poignee , a handfull, fistfull. 1862 Trollope Orlcy F. I. xxii, Felix .. brought forth a fistful of fruit. 1872 Besant & Rice Ready-Money M. xviii, Sometimes with a fistful of money, sometimes without a dollar. Fistiana (fisti|3e*na, -F l *na). humorous, [f. as prec. + -(i)ana : cf. boxiana.] Matters relating to the fists and boxing. 1840 {title) Fistiana or the Oracle of the Ring. 1857 Kingsley Two V. Ago II. 129 When you are driven against the ropes, ‘hit out’, is the old rule of Fistiana and common sense. 1881 R. Buchanan in Illust. Lojid. News 3 Oct. 355/1 In matters of fistiana, science, combined with pluck, is everything. t Frstic, sb. Obs . Forms: 6 fistike, (festike, fystike), 6-7 fistick, 7, 9 fistic, [ad. (through med.L. fisticum ) Arab. fistuq, fustuq, - aq , a. Pers. pistah , whence ultimately Pistachio.] = Pistachio. Also , fistic nut, tree. 1548 Turner Names of Herbes 63 Pistacia are called of the poticaries Fistica, they may be called in english Fistikes or Festike nuttes. c 1550 Lloyd Treas. Health (1585) C ij, Oyle of Fystikes healeth the hemicrane. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 91 b, The figure of y e fistic tre is almost rounde. 1578 Lyte Dodoens vi. lviii. 734 The tree which bringeth foorth Fistick Nuts. 1640 Parkinson Theat. Bot. xvi. xx. 1416 The Fisticke Nut groweth to be a tree of a reasonable large sise. 1655 Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. (1746) 300 Fisticks .. are Nuts growing in the Knob of the Syrian or EgyptianTurpentine-tree. I'jofolAoTYYMyiRabelais iv. lx. (1737) 247 Pistachoes, or Fistick-Nuts. Fistic (frstik), a. Not in dignified use. [f. Fist sb 1 + -ic.] Pertaining to or concerned with the fists or their use in boxing; pugilistic. 1806 Sporting Mag. XXVIII. 146 Having a little know¬ ledge of the fistic science. 1812 S. Jones in D. E. Baker Biog. Dram . III. 451 The fistic hero in this afterpiece was several times interrupted by hisses. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 11. xii, This was another common procedure of the ladies, when heated by verbal or fistic altercation. Fistical (fi'stikal). [f. as prec. +-al.] =prec. 1767 A. Campbell Lexiph .33 Having instantaneous recur¬ rence to fistical ratiocination. 1823 Blackw. Mag. XIV. 65 The man I sing, who .. in a fistical combat, beat .. the butcher of Bristol. Fisticuff (frstiktff), sb. Also fisty-. [f. Fist sb . 1 + Cuff sb 2 ; the form may be imitated from handiwork.’] 1 . In pi. Blows or fighting with the fists. 1605 Armin Foole upon F. (1880) 23 The foole .. falls at fisty cuffes with him. 1613 T. Godwin Rout. Antiq. (1658) 92 In this kinde of fight succeeded fisticuffes. a 1625 Beaum. & Fl. Little French Lawyer iv. iv, To revenge my wrongs at fisty-cuffs. a 1745 Swift (J.), My invention and judgment are perpetually at fisticuffs, till they have quite disabled each other. 1812 Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 34 Fighting men and lovers of fisty-cuffs. 1858 R. A. Vaughan Ess. <5* Rev. I. 23 The blows .. are not mere fisticuffs. 1877 Symonds Reuaiss. Italy v. 243 It now and then happened that the literary gladiators came to actual fisticuffs. 2 . attrib. (quasi-adj.) 1749 Fielding Tom Jones iv. viii, It is lucky for the women, that the seat of fistycuff war is not the same with them as among men. 1810 Naval Chron. XXIV. 369 The fistycuffs art. 1848 J. Grant Adv. Aide-de-C. xxxiii, Many a fisticuff battle and bicker. Fisticuff (fi'stiktff), v. [f. prec. sb.] a. trans. To strike or cuff with the fists. Alsoy^. b. intr. To fight or spar with the fists. 1650-3 Hales Dissert, de Pace In Phenix (1708) II. 351 This Writing will be so fisty-cuff'd by many. 1833 New Monthly Mag. XXXVII. 488 A brace of judges fisticuffing on the bench. 1885 M. Pattison Mem. 52 He would .. have fisticuffed me round the room for my pains. Hence Fi sticuffing* vbl. sb. Also Fisticuffer, a pugilist; Fi’sticu ffery, fighting. 1823 Blackw. Mag. XIV. 527 On the moral propriety of conjugal fistycuffery I had prepared some copious remarks. 1854 Hawthorne Eng. Note-bks. (1883) II. 173 The mis¬ cellaneous assaults and batteries, kickings, fisticuffings .. which the inferior officers continually perpetrate. 1878 Jefferies Gamekeeper at H. 196 The keeper himself is not altogether averse to a little fisticuffing. 1888 Century Mag. Feb. 562/1 Every, .fisticuffer. .had heard of Bob’s strength. Fistify (fi'stifoi), v. humorous nonce-wd. [f. Fist v. + -(i)fy.] intr. To fight with the fists. 1860 Thackeray Round. PaperSy Late Gt. Victories (1876) 38 There has been fistifying enough. + Fi’Sting, ppk a. Obs. [f. Fist v. 2 ] That fists : applied as a contemptuous epithet. Fisting cur, dog , hound ; a small pet dog (cf. foisting hound). 1529 More Conif. agst. Trib. in. Wks. 1262/2 A lyttle fysting curre. 1535 Lyndesay Satyre 2141 Quhat kynd of woman is thy wyfe? .. Ane fistand flag, a flagartie fuffe. 1546 Bale Eng. Votaries 1. (1550) 49 Where as your fisting Nonnes were of Antichrist and the deuill. 1576 Fleming tr. Cains' Dogs *in Arb. Gartier III. 267 This cur [the Spaniel gentle] which some frumpingly term Fisting Hounds serve in a manner to no good use. 16x1 Cotgr., Vessaiile t a fysting; or a crue of fysting slouens or sluts. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) IVks. 11. 227/1 No Daintie Ladies fisting-hound. 1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. 186/2 The Puppy, or Fisting-Dog, [is] such as Ladies delight in. t Frstinut. Obs. Also 7 fistenut. [corrupted form of fistic nut : see Fistic sb.] 1676-1732 Coles, Fiste-nuts. 1775 Ash, Fistinut. Fistle, var. of Fissle and dial. LThistle. Fistle : see Fistula. tFrstmeal. Obs. [f. Fist sbA; cf.OE. folmxl measure of a foot.] The breadth of the fist. 1621 Bolton Stat. I ret. 37 (an. 3 Edw. iv) Every English man .. shall have an English Bow of his own length and one fistmele at the least betwixt the neckes. t Fi stock. Obs. rare ~ [dim. of Fist sb . 1 : see -ock.] A fist. 1565 Golding Ovid's Met. ix. (1593) 227 Scarce able for to stay His fistocke from his servants face. t Fistucate, v. Obs.~° [f. L. fistiiedt- ppl. stem of fistuedre to use a fistuca or rammer : see -ate 3 .] (See quot.) 1623 Cockeram 11. E p v, To Ramme dov/ne stones, Jistu- cate. II Fistula (frstiz/la), sb. Forms : a. 5-6 fystel, (6 fistle, fystle, -yl), 6-7 fistule, (6 fystule). fi. 6 fystela, fistulay, -ey, fistelow, -olo(e, phistilo, 6-7 fistulo(e, 7 fistila, 6- fistula, [a. L. fistula pipe, flute (also in pathological sense=i), of which the popular representative in OF. was festre, Fester sb. In Eng. the word appears first in adapted forms, perh. taken from OF. fistle, fistule.] 1 . Pathol. A long, narrow, suppurating canal of morbid origin in some part of the body ; a long, sinuous pipe-like ulcer with a narrow orifice. a. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb). 82 Colyk, stranguyllyon, stone, fystel or kanker or ony other sekenes. 1527 Andrew BrunsT.vyke's Distyll. IVatejs C iv, It is good for to wasshe the fystules with the same water twyse in a daye. 1547 Boorde Bjxv. Health § 236 A fystle. 1599 A. M. Gabel- houer's Physick 318/2 This cureth all wounds, and all fistles. / 9 . [1398 Trevisa Barth, de P. R. vn. lix. (1495) 274 Fistula, the fester is a postume that.. rootyth wythin. ] 1563 T. Gale Antidot. 11. 25 This vnguent .. doeth also profyte muche in Fistulays. c 1570 Sir H. Gilbert Q. Eliz. Acad. (1869) 5 Towching all kindes of Vlcers, Sores, Phistiloes, wowndes, &c. 1579 Langham Gard. Health (1633) 12 It is good for all wounds, fistilaes, and sores of the mouth. 1671 Salmon Syn. Med. 111. xxii. 423 It cools Feavers and cures Ulcers, Fistulas, Cancers. X732 Arbuthnot Rules of Diet 360 It happens sometimes to end in a Fistula. 1879 Green Read. Eng. Hist, xviii. 89 Henry, notwithstanding his fistula and his fever, was able to sit on horseback. Jig. 1581 J. Bell Haddon's Ajis7u. Osor. 389 b, Fosteryng continually this fretting Fistula within the Bowels of the Christian commonweale. 1622 W. Whately God's Hush. 11. 48 An heart diseased with that grievous fistula of hypocrisie. 1644 Bulwer Chiron. 5 The mouth is but a running sore and hollow fistula of the minde. b. in animals, birds, etc. 1607 Markham Caval. vn.xxvi. 45 heading, Of the Poll euill or Fistula in the Necke. 1614 — Cheap Husb. vm. xvi. (1668) 133 The Fistula in hawks is a cankerous, hollow Ulcer in any part of a hawks body. 1678 Lond. Gaz. No. 1311/4 A sorrel Gelding .. having formerly had a Fistula. 1861 G. F. Berkeley Sportsm. IV. Prairies x. 162 Sylph [a mare] ..having been blistered too severely on the withers where a fistula had evidently been apprehended. 2 . Bot. — Cassia fistula : see Cassia 4. 1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs (1821) 62 This is the purgative fruit or pods of the Cassia Fistula, black or purg¬ ing Fistula. 3 . A natural or normal pipe or spout in cetaceous animals, insects, etc. (see quots.). 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 111. xix. 154 Like cetaceous animals and Whales, the Lamprey hath a fistula spout or pipe at the back part of the head. 1658 Ibid. in. xxvi. 215 The Fistula or spout [of the Whale]. 1661 Lovell Hist. Anivt . <3* Min. Introd., The Mollusca .. have a fistule above the head. 1848 Maunder Tj-eas. Nat. Hist. Gloss.^ App., Fistula, the intermediate subquadrangular pipe, in insects, formed by the union of the two branches of the antlia which conveys the nectar to the pharynx. 4 . Eccl. A tube through which in early times communicants received the consecrated wine ; now used by the Pope only. 1670 Lassels Voy. Italy ir. 53 The fistula, or pipe of gold wherwith the Pope receiues the consecrated blood of our Sauiour in the Chalice. 1848 Ecclcsiologist VIII. 99 He held the chalice with his right hand, and the fistula m the chalice with his left, while the brethren in order imbibed. || 5 . Mus. A reed instrument or pipe of the ancient Romans. 1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Lett. (1893) I. 301 A rural instrument, perfectly answering the description of the ancient fistula, being composed of unequal reeds. 1722 J. Richardson Statues Italy , etc. 185 One sits upon a Rock playing on a Fistula. 1727 Pope Mem. M. Scriblerus 1. v. Wks. 174T II. 19, I will have it (the Whistle] exactly to cor¬ respond with the ancient Fistula. + Pi'Stula, v. Obs. In 6 fystle. [f. prec. sb.] intr. To form or become a fistula. 1547 Boorde Brev. Health vi. 9 If this impediment do encrease, and a remedy by tyme not had, it wyll fester and fystle. 1646 J. Whitaker Uzziah 39 Till at last it fistula or gangrene. FISTULAD. 262 FIT, t Fi'stula’d, ppl. a. Obs. Also 6 fystyled, fystuled, 7 fistuled. [f. Fistula, fistule + -ed 2 .] Formed into, or accompanied by, a fistula. 1547 Boorde Brev.HealthVxed. 4 Woundes that be festered and fystyled. Ibid. § 377 Some be playne woundes, & some fystuled, & some be festered. 1656 Earl Monm. Advt.fr. Parnass. 147 Wounds that are fistuled, and incurable cancars. Ibid. 155 Fistula’d. 1662 R. Mathew Uni. AIch. § 16. 10 Sundry stinking Fistula’d Ulcers running in it. Fistular (frstiwlai), a. [ad. L. fistuldr-is , f. fistula', see Fistula sb. and -ar k] 1 . Bot. Hollow and cylindrical like a pipe or reed, tube-like. Also, consisting of tube like parts. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. s. v. Flower, Compounded Flowers, are either, Discous. .Planifolious. .Fistular, which is compounded of many long, hollow, little Flowers like Pipes, a I'jzz Lisle Husb. (1757) 150 The fibres and fistular parts of a plant. 1845 Lindley Sch. Bot. viii. (1858) 150 Leaves fistular. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 149 Umbelli- ferae. Herbs. Stems usually fistular, solid at the nodes. 2 . Path. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a fistula. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Fistular, Fistulary , or Fistulous , belonging to a Fistula. 18. . tr. Bichat's Physiol. (L.), Such, too, is the character of the mucous membrane in .fistular canals. t Fi stulary, a.' Obs. [See -ary 2 .] = prec. 1616 Chapman Homer’s Hymns, Hermes Wks. (1625' 83 Apollo .. Gaue him the farr-heard fistularie Reede. 1656 Blount Glossogr. } Fistulary, belonging to that disease [Fistula] or to a pipe. t Fistulate, v. Obs. [f. "L.fishildt- ppl. stem of fistuldre, f. fistula : see Fistula sb. and -ate 3.] 1 . intr. (in Path.) To form or grow to a fistula. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 322 That the upper part of the wound heal not faster then the bottom, for fear of Fistulating. 1663-76 Bullokar, Fistulate, to turn or grow to a Fistula. 2 . trans. To make tubular. 1751 Student II. 378 It [chalal] signifies, .to perforate or fistulate. Ibid. 379 Their tubes, pipes or ducts, fistulated, or hollowed, to circulate the blood and juices. Hence Fi stulated ppl. a. ; Fi stulating’ vbl. sb. and ppl. a. Also Fistula tion, the formation of a fistula. 1612 Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 79 Cure old and fistulated sores. 1617 Markham Caval. vn. 64 There many times followeth cankerous sores and fistulating. 1638 A. Read Chirurg. xxix. 213 Wounds tending to fistulation. 1656 Earl Monm. Advt. fr. Parnass. 312 Cankers and fistulated wounds must be cured by fire. 1659 Bp. Gauden Slight Healings (1660) 2 The old sores and fistulating ulcers of this Church and State. Fistule : anglicized form of Fistula, q. v. Fistulidan (fisti/ 7 ’lidan). Zool. [f. mod.L. fistulid-es (see Fistula and -id) + -an.] (See quot. 1S42.) 1835 Kirby Hab. Sp Inst. Anim. I. vi. 214 The third and last section of the Echinoderms .. are the Fistulidans. 1842 Brande Diet. Sc. Lit. <$• Art, Fistulidans .. a tribe of Echinodermatous animals, comprehending those which have an elongated cylindrical tube-like body. Fistuliform a. [f. Fistula + -(i)form.] Of the form of a reed or tube. 1823 W. Phillips Introd. Min. (ed. 3) Introd. 88 Minerals occurring in round hollow columns are termed fistuliform.. Stalactites and iron pyrites occur fistuliform. Fistulose (fistiwldu's), a. [ad. L. fistulos-us, l. fistula : see- ose.] =next. c 1420 Pallad. on Hush. 1. 375 For bylding better is the harder myne The fistulose and softer lete it goone To cover with. 1846 Worcester (citing Hooker', Fistulose, formed like a fistula; fistular. 1881 Nature XXIII. 426 A mass of fistulose coral. Fistulous (fvstifclas), a. [ad. L. fistulos-us : see prec. and -ous.] 1 . Path. Of or pertaining to a fistula; of the nature of a fistula ; attacked by a fistula. 1611 Cotgr., Injection .. a squirting, or conueying of a liquid medicine .. into a hollow and fistulous vlcer. 1721 S. Sewall Diary 13 Mar.(i882) III. 284 His fistulous thigh. *797 Baillie Mori. Anat. (1807) 337 A fistulous orifice is gradually formed. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 98 Fistulous sores are apt to be produced. 2 . a. Resembling a pipe or tube in form, tubular, b. Having or containing a tube or tubes ; honey¬ combed with small tubes. c. Of a flower: Having marry long hollow florets. 1578 BANisTiyi Hist. Man tv. 48 b, The flesh of it [the tongue] is rare. Fistulous, & soft. 1601 Holland Pliny I. xt. i. 310 Hanging togither only by a little pipe and fistulous conveiance. 1603 — Plutarch's Mor. 1009 As for the flesh of the Polype, it is to see to, fistulous, and spongeous, like unto hony-combs. 1671 Grew Anat. Plants 1. v. (1682) 39 The Fistulous Pouches of Wake-Robin, or of Dragon. 1688 J. Clayton in Phil. Trans. XVIII. 128 Vipers, .have I believe their Poisonous Teeth Fistulous. 1712 tr. Fomct's Hist. Drugs I. 185 The Flowers .. having their lower Part fistulous. 1830 Lindley Nat. Syst. Pot. 159 Stems fistulous rooting. 1858 Times 4 Nov. 7/3 The careworn soil .. pierced with fistulous passages of miles of hard piping. Fisty (fi sti), a. [f. Fist slO + -y F] Of or pertaining to fists, or their use in boxing. 1681 Colvil Whig's Supplic. (1751) 34 A fisty strife Be¬ tween a preacher and his wife. 1821 Byron yuan xi. lv, Like to the champion in the fisty ring. 1840 Thackeray Paris Sk. Bk. (1867) 4°9 He engages in a fisty combat with a notorious boxer. Fit, fytte (fit), sbA Obs. exc. arch. Forms: 1 fitt, 4-5 fyt(t, 4-6 fitt(e, 5-6, 9 fytte, 5-8 fit. [OE. fitt str. fern. = OS. *fittia , preserved in latinized form in the preface to the Hcliand : ‘ Juxta morem vero illius poematis, omne opus per vit/eas distinxit, quas nos lectiones vel sententias possumus appellare \ Some regard the word as identical with OHG. fiza list of cloth, mod.Ger. fitze skein of yarn, also explained in the 17th c. as ‘ the thread with which weavers mark off a day’s work’; the sense ‘division or canto of a poem’ might well be a transferred use of this. The Ger. word corresponds to ON .fit str. fern., hem, also * web ’of a bird's foot:—OTeut. *ftjh, of unknown origin : see remarks under next sb.] 1 . A part or section of a poem or song; a canto. c 888 K. Alfred Boeth. xxxi. § 1 (Gr.) Se wisdom )pa has fitte asungen haefde. 1362 Langl. P. PL A. 1. 139 Cumse[}>] her a Fitte. c 1386 Chaucer Sir Thopas 177 Lo, lordes, heer is a fyt; If ye wil eny more of it, To telle it wol I fonde. a 1400-50 Alexander 5626 Now fynes here a fitt & folows a nothire. c 1450 Bk. Curtasye 349 in Babees Bk. 309 Of cur- tasie here endis he secunde fyt. 1589 Puttenham Eng. Poesie 1. xxvi. (Arb.) 65 This Epithalamie was deuided by breaches into three partes to serue for three seuerall fits or times to be song. 1771 Johnson Let. to Langton 20 Mar. in Boswell, Dr. Percy has written a long ballad in many fits. 1812 Byron Ch. Har. 1. xciii, Here is one fytte of Harold’s pilgrimage. 1864 Skeat Uhland’s Poems 213 The first ‘fytte’ here is ended. 2 . A strain of music, stave. Also, to dance a fit. <21500 Ink < 5 * his step dame in Her rig’s Archiv XC. 78, I shall yow shewe of my gle : Ye shall haue a fytte. la 1548 A' ing Estmere 243 in Percy Relit/. (1765) I. 68 To playe my wifTe and me a fitt. ^1550 R. Wever Lusty In¬ ventus in Hazl. Dodsley II. 48, I would fain go dance a fit. 1578 Gude <$• G. Ball. (1868) 182 Sa sail thay pype ane mirrie fit. 1673 True Worship God 65 An afternoon Sermon .. many times, .serves only like a fit of Musick, to Lull them asleep after their Dinner. 1681 W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 611 Come now, strike up and give us a fit. Fit (fit), sb . 2 Forms: 1 fitt, 4-7 fitt(e, 5-6 fytt(e, 4,6- fit. [OE .fitt, str., of uncertain gender; recorded only once; the sense ‘ conflict * seems probable from the context. The OTeut. type *fitjo-, -ja is not found in any other lang. with any of the senses explained below. It is possible, how¬ ever, that the word may be cognate or even identical with prec., and that the primitive sense may have been ‘juncture’, ‘meeting’; cf. the vbs. Icel . fitja to knit, early mod.Du. vitten ‘to accomodate, to fitt, to serve’ (Hexham); on this supposition Fit sbp, a., and v. would also be cognate.] 11 . Conflict, struggle. Only in OE. rare — 1 . a 1000 Cxdmon's Gen. 2072 (Gr.) [Abraham] sloh and fylde feond on fitte. + 2 . A position of hardship, danger, or intense excitement; a painful, terrible, or exciting experi¬ ence. Obs. In quot. 1550 there is an apparent re-development of the OE. sense. C1325 Song Yesterday 93 in E. E. P. (1862) 135 pat ferful fit may no mon fie. c 1386 Chaucer Reeve's T. 264 We han had an yvel fit today. Ibid. 310 So mery a fit ne had she nat ful yore. — Wife's Prol. 42 This noble king. .The firste night had many a mery fitte With eche of hem. c 1400 Rom. Rose 5197, I mene not that [love], which .. bringith thee in many a fitte, And ravysshith fro thee all thi witte. a 1440 Sir Eglam. 254 An hardere fytt never ye had. la 1500 Chester PI. (E. E. T. S.) 205 And now that fitt may I not flee. Ibid. 390 Four wyndes they be . .Which shall blow.. before Christ, .ther is none so fell their fitt may flee. 1550 Bale Eng. Votaries 11. Hvij b, The first fit of Anselme with kynge William Rufus. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 8 In this fearefull fit also of an eclipse. + b. In 16th c. occas.: A mortal crisis ; a bodily state (whether painful or not) that betokens death. 1579 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 181 The patient .. is y® neerest death when he thinketh himself past his disease, and the lesse griefe he feeleth y° greater fits he endureth. 1590 Spenser F. Q. n.vii. 66, The life did flit away out of her nest, And all his senses were with deadly fit opprest. 1591 — Rnines Time 598 Feeling the fit that him forewarnd to die. 3 . a. A paroxysm, or one of the recurrent attacks, of a periodic or constitutional ailment. In later use also with wider sense : A sudden and somewhat severe but transitory attack (of illness, or of some specified ailment). a 1547 Surrey Faithf. Louer declareth, Songs # S. (1585) 15 b, As sick men in their shaking fits procure them seines to sweat. 1601 Shaks. Jul. C. 1. ii. 120 He had a Feauer. .And when the Fit was on him, I did marke How he did shake. 1667 D. Allsopp in 12 th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 8 Taken with a fit of the collicke. 1691 Blair in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amcr. Col. Ch. (i860) I. 6 The Bishop of London .. was -. taken .. with a fit of the stone. 1725 N. Robinson Th. Physick 146 The Fits of Intermittent Fevers. 1771 Smollett Humph. Cl. (1815) 3, I expect to be laid up with another fit of the gout. 1806-7 J* Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) iv. xvi, A violent fit of coughing. 1855 Bain Senses «$- Int. 11. ii. § 3 (1864) 123 A cut or a scald is different from a fit of rheumatism or gout. fig. 1567 Dr ant Horace's Art Poet. C j b, Sawes there be to cure thy greedie care : To master thyne assaltynge fyttes. t b. spec. A paroxysm of lunacy (formerly viewed as a periodic disease). Obs. 1588 Shaks. Tit. A. iv. i. 17 Vnlesse some fit or frenzie do posses.se her. 1590 — Com. Err. iv. iii. 91 Belike his wife acquainted with his fits On purpose shut the doores against his way. 1697 Dryden /Eneid in. 565 In her frantick Fitts. 1722 Wollaston Relig. Nat. ix. 201 Cruel tyrants, .who (at least in their fits) divert themselves with the pangs and con¬ vulsions of their fellow-creatures. c. A sudden seizure of any malady attended with loss of consciousness and power of motion, or with convulsions, as fainting, hysteria, apoplexy, para¬ lysis, or epilepsy. In 18th c. often used spec, with¬ out defining word = ‘ fainting-fit ’ or ‘fit of the mother * (i. e. of hysteria: see Mother) ; in recent use it suggests primarily the notion of an epileptic or convulsive fit. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 111. iii. hi. 689 A iealous woman that by this meanes had many fits of the Mother. 1650 Bulwer Anthropomet. 141 Who .. fell straightway into a Coiivulsion and Epileptical fits. 1681 Otway Soldier's Fort. 1. i, One Kiss of him were enough to cure Fits of the Mother. 1702 Steele Funeral 1.(1734)20 Fits are a mighty help in the Government of a good-natured Man. 1762 Goldsm. Cit. W. xxi. § 15 Observe the art of the poet .. When the queen can say no more, she falls into a fit .. take my word for it, that fits are the true aposiopesis of modern tragedy. 1789 W. Buchan Dom. Med. (1790) 629 Convulsion fits often constitute the last scene of acute or chronic dis¬ orders. 1833 Ht. Martineau Loom Lugger 1. v. 76 When the fainting fit came on in which she died. Mod. * Has she fainted ? ' ‘ No, I fear it is a fit.’ d. Hence colloq. in various hyperbolical phrases, as to scream oneself into fils , to Ihroiv (a person) into fits. Also, To beat (a person , a thing) into fits: to defeat or excel thoroughly, ‘ beat hollow *; to give (a person) fits : to inflict humiliating defeat on ; in tf.S. to rate or scold vigorously. 1839 Hood Tale Trumpet xxix, It beats all others into fits. 1848 Thackeray Bk. Snobs xx, Till the little wretch screams herself into fits. 1859 Farrar Jul. Home i, He beat you to fits in the Latin verse, i860 L. Harcourt Diaries G. Rose II. 104 Such a proposal.. would have thrown him into fits. 1861 Dickens Gt. Expect. I. iv, If you could only give him his head, he would read the clergy¬ man to fits. 1872 E. Eggleston Iloosier Schoolm. xii. 66, I rather guess as how the old man .. will give particular fits to our folks to-day. 1885 Runciman Skippers SJi., Old Pirate 87 We goes out and tackles a East Indiaman.. and he gives us fits. 4 . In various uses originally transf. from 3. a. A sudden and transitory state of activity or inaction, or of any specified kind of activity, feel¬ ing, inclination, or aptitude. 1586 Warner Alb. Eng. 1. ii. 20 His seruants fear his solemn fittes. 1591 Sylvester Du Bartas 1. iii. 186 The Sea hath fits, alternate course she keeps From Deep to Shore and from the Shore to Deeps. 1634 Milton Comus 546 Wrapt in a pleasing fit of melancholy. 1667 Flavel Saint Indeed (1754) 143 We have our hot and cold fits by turns. 1697 Bp. Patrick Comm. Ex. xx. 8 Stedfastly resolve not in a Fit but constantly. 1744 Berkeley Siris § 213 Certain persons have fits of seeing in the dark. a 1764 Lloyd A Talc Poet. Wks. 1774 I. 73 Who .. to Tottenham Court In furious fits of zeal resort. 1807-8 W. Irving Salmag. xvii. (i860) 391 This outrageous merriment .. threw the whole family into a violent fit of wondering. 1852M1SS Yo^ge Cameos I.ii.n He had many fits of devotion. 1882 Picton Cromwell ii. 25 The boy had fits of application alternating with fits of idleness. b. spec, in Optics, (see quot. 1704). 1704 Newton Optics 11. iii. (1721) 256 The returns of the disposition of any Ray to be reflected I will call its Fits of easy Reflexion, and those of its disposition to be transmitted its Fits of easy Transmission, and the space it passes between every return and the next return, the Interval of its Fits. 1803 Edin. Rev. I. 455 The law of the fits .. might be fancifully resolved into a still more general law. 1831 Brewster Optics xv. §83. 126 In virtue of which they possess at different points of their path fits or dispositions to be reflected or transmitted by transparent bodies. c. Often in phr. By fits (and starts) : by irregular impulses or periods of action, at varying intervals, fitfully, spasmodically. Also more rarely, + at, fupon, fits , by fits and girds (obs. exc. dial .), + spasms, or + turns ; J- by halves andfits. 1583 Golding Calvin on Dent. vii. 39 He doth not thinges by fittes as Creatures doe but he continueth alwayes in one will. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. 72 A lazy people, that worke but by fits, a 1617 Hieron Wks. II. 489 Vpon fits you shall haue them talke like angels, and yet .. are deuils indeede. 1620 Sanderson Semi, ad Pop. i. (1681) 145 If thou hast these things only by fits and starts. 1635 Swan Spec. M. (1670) 363 The swallow .. sleepeth but by * halves and fits’ (as we say) which is no sound kind of rest. 1650 Fuller Pisgah 1. ii. 5 That froward people worshiped him by fits and girds. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 25 Without any saliency or leaping, without any fits or starts in its Pro¬ gression. 1678 Cudworth Intcll. Syst. 1. iv. § 17. 303 To suppose that Orpheus had by Fits and turns been of different humours. 1782 Mad. D’Arblay Let. 19 Mar., Let me murmur as I will by fits, I would not, if I could, change your destination. 1785 T. Jefferson Corr. Wks. 1859 I. 426 No particular State, acting by fits and starts, can harass the trade of France, Holland, &c. 1791 Burke Th. French Affairs Wks. VII. 49 The non-payment, .is only by fits and spasms. 1805 Southey Madoc in W. x, As the flashes of the central fire At fits arose. 1850 Tennyson In Mem . xxiii, Breaking into song by fits. 1862 Mrs. H. Wood Mrs. Hallib. 1. xiv, Jane was..more hopeful by fits and starts than continuously so. 1884 Chesh. Gloss, s.v., ‘ The clock strikes by fits and gurds.’ d. f The time during which a * fit ’ lasts, a ‘spell*, short period {obs.). Also, a spell of weather of a specified kind (obs. exc. dial.). 1583 Fulke Defence iii. 205 After you have railed a fit. 1615 Dyke Myst. Self Deceiving 116 Which is not settled and rooted, but onely for a fitte. a 1625 Fletcher Hum. Lieutenant iv. iv, I will not leave ye for a fit. *11628 Preston New Covt. (1634) 213 He may for a fit, put out his hand to wickedness. 1685 Temple Ess. Garden. Wks. 1731 I. 188 Attended by some Fit of Hot and Dry Weather. 1685 Dryden Horace, Ode m. xxix. iv, Sometimes 'tis grate- FIT, 263 FIT. ful to the Rich, to try A short vicissitude, and fit of Poverty. 1721 Swift Corr . Wks. 1841 II. 556 A fit of good weather would tempt me a week longer. x868 Atkinson Cleveland Gloss, s.v., ‘ A strange dry fit we’ve had for seear.’ e. A capricious impulse, humour, mood. % a 1680 Butler Rem. ( 1759) I. 174 Invention .. Disdains t’ obey the proudest Wit, Unless it chance to b’ in the Fit. 1786 Burns To J. S. iv, Just now I’ve taen the fit o’rhyme. 1787 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 6 Mar., I assured him I was seized with a silent fit. 1869 Mrs. Stowe Oldtown Folks iv. 30 When the fit was on him, he would shoe a horse better than any man in the county. f. A violent access or outburst of laughter, tears, rage, etc. 1654 Whitlock Zootomict 47 The Doctresse would have a shaking fit of Laughter at you presently. 1676 Hobbes Iliad (1677) 377 Achilles, when his fit of tears was laid., came from his throne. 1678 Wanley IVond. Lit. World v. ii. § 12. 469/2 In one of his drunken fits he was buried alive. 1778 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 26 Aug., [She] took me into a back room, and burst into a hearty fit of laughter. 1816 Shelley Alastor 171 Her breath Tumultu¬ ously accorded with those fits Of intermitted song. 1874 Carpenter Meat. Phys. 1. vii. (1879) 325 A prolonged fit of grumbling. x886 J. K. Jerome Idle Thoughts 64 He would go off into fits of merriment over every word you uttered. 5 . Comb., as + fit-meal adv., by fits and starts (cf. Piece-meal) ; fit-weed (see quot.). 1593 Nashe Christ's T. 34 a, Rather .. then day-diuersi- fying Agues .. should fit-meale feede on them. 1756 P. Browne Jamaica 185 The stinking Eryngo or Fittweed .. All parts of this plant are reckoned very powerful anti- histerics. t Fit, sb.3 Obs. rare* 1 . In 3 fitte (2 syll.). [ME. fitte, perh.OE. *fitta, of obscure origin ; possibly f. OE .fitt, Fit sb. 2 It might be supposed to be a subst. use of Fit a., but that word has not been found before the 15th c., and is perhaps a derivative of this.] An adversary of equal power ; one’s * match a 1230 Owl 4- Night. 782 Thou deth mid strengthe and mid witte That other thing nis non his fitte. Fit (fit), sbA [f. Fit v. 1 ] 1 . The process of fitting or rendering fit. + a. In the phrase out of fit, app. meaning ‘ fitted out, settled in life’ {obs. rare —*). b. A preparation or fitting for something (U.S.). Cf. outfit. a x688 Bunyan Heav. Footman (1608) 42 Till my children are out of Fit. 1883 New E)ig. Jml. Ednc . XVII. 133 [This Academy] has for many years given an excellent fit for college. 2 . A fitting or adaptation of one thing to another, esp. the adjustment of dress to the body; the style or manner in which something is made to fit. To a fit: to a nicety. 1823 W. T. Moncrieff Tom $ Jerry 1. iv, A tight fit, not much hunting room. 1868 E. Yates Rock Ahead 11. iii, He noticed all these details down to the fit of her gloves. 1884 W. C. Smith Kildrostan 69 A man May be ashamed too of his rustic fit. 1890 C. M. Woodward Manual Train. xv. 247 How to saw to a fit on the right or left of a line. b. concr. A garment that fits. 1831 Examiner 11/2 It’s rather a tight fit. 1849 Thackeray Peiidennis xvii, It [the gown] was an excellent fit. 3 . Soap-making. The condition of the liquid soap in the operation of ‘ fitting *; see Fit v. 10. , 1885 W. L. Carpenter Manuf. Soap vi. 173 Practice and observation alone enable the operator to obtain ‘ a good fit ’. Ibid., A fine fit gives a very large nigre. 4 . A fit-out : a furnishing with all that is requi¬ site, esp. in dress; an equipment. 1836 Marryat Midsh. Easy xx, They condescended to have a regular fit-out —and it so happened that the fit-out was not far from a regular fit. 1844 Dickens Mart. Chuz . xxiii, Who says we ain’t got a first-rate fit-out? 5 . Comb., as fit-rod. (see quot.). 1867 Smyth Sailor s Word-bk ., Fit-rod , a small iron rod with a hook at the end .. to ascertain the length of the bolts or treenails required to be driven in. Pit (fit), a. Forms : 5 fyt, 6 fitte, 6-7 fytt(e, 6- fit. [First recorded c 1440; possibly f. Fit sb$, though as that word is known only from a solitary instance the derivation is very doubtful. The adj. is recorded a century earlier than the modern verb, and appears to be its source; the view that it is a pa. pple. of the vb. fitte to marshal troops (see Fit vA 1) is tenable only on the assumption that the vb. had an unrecorded wider sense. To some extent the adj. appears to have been influenced in meaning by FExVT a.] 1 . Well adapted or suited to the conditions or circumstances of the case, answering the purpose, proper or appropriate. Const, for (also, rarely, with ellipsis of for) or to with inf. c 1440 Promp. Pari>. 163/1 Fyt, or mete, congruus. 1550 Bale Image Both Clt.xx i. Hh v b, Nothinge faire apered this stones .. whan they were hewen, squared and made fitte foundacion. 1594 Willobie in Shaks. C. Praise 10 No tyme or fit occasion leave. X597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, 1. ii. 17 Thou art fitter to be worne in my cap, then to wait at my heeles. 1599 H. Buttes Dyets drie Dinner M v, Tench .. is fittest meate for labouring men. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII, 11. ii. 117 Prethee call Gardiner to me, my new Secretary. I find him a fit fellow, a 1616 Beaum. & Fl. Bondnca 111. i, Steel us both with angers, and warlike executions fit thy viewing. 1634 T. Johnson Party s Chirurg. xxvi. xxxvi. (1678) 654 The time fittest for the use of Apophlegmatisms Is the morning. 1639 Fuller Holy IVarv. xxix. (1647) 281 A Spaniard .. proposed the French Tongue as most fit. 1663 Butler Hud. 1. i. 865 This is no fit Place Nor time, to argue out the Case. 1710 Prideaux Orig. Tithes ii. 53 What is the fittest portion of our Substance to be set apart. 1852 Miss Yonge Cameos I. ii. 14 Until he could find a fit opportunity of quitting Normandy. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. 1. v. § 32 (1875) 119 Forms of religion .. must be fit for those who live under them. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 251 Those stories are not fit to be repeated, b. absol .; esp. in survival of the fittest. 1843 Carlyle Past Pr. 11. viii. 111 There is in every Nation and Community a fittest, a wisest, bravest^ best. 1867 H. Spencer Biol. § 193 II.53 By the continual survival of the fittest, such structures must become established. 2 . Befitting the person or the circumstances, agree¬ able to decorum, becoming, convenient, proper, right. Const, as above. Now only in predicative use, as It is fit that , etc., or to with inf. c 1440 York Myst. i. 65 Fetys and fayre and fygured full fytt. 1554-9 Songs Ball. Ph. <$■ Mary (i860) 4 In hyme voyd was nothyng that was nydfull and fytt. 1601 Shaks. All's Well in. vi. 14 It were fit you knew him, least .. he might at some great and trustie businesse. .fayle you. X607 — Cor. iii. ii. 83 Say to them Thou.. Hast not the soft way, which thou do’st confesse Were fit for thee to vse. 1625 Bacon Ess., Innovations (Arb.) 526 What is setled by Custome, though it be not good, yet at least it is fit. 1649 Bp.. Hall Cases Consc. (1650) 203 There are Theologicall verities fit for us to know and beleeve. a 1715 Burnet Own Time (1766) 1.102 While he was balancing in his mind what was fit for him to do. 1787 Bentham Def. Usury x. 94 It is one thing, to find reasons why it is fit a law should have been made : it is another to [etc.]. absol. 1681 Dryden Abs. <$■ Achit. 765 If the Croud be Judge of fit and just, And Kings are onely Officers in trust, Then [etc.]. 1810 D. Stewart Philos. Ess. 11. 1. i. 215 The idle generalities we meet with, .about the ideas of the good, the fit, and the becoming. b. In phrases, to see , think fit . 1611 Bible 2 Macc. iv. 19 Which .. the bearers therof thought fit not to bestow vpon the sacrifice, a 1687 Petty Pol. Arith. (1690) 95 All these things may be done, if it be so thought fit by the Sovereign Power. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 43 P 3 Where and in what manner we see fit. 1761 Hume Hist. Eng. III. Ixi. 322 Cromwell thought fit to indulge a new fancy. 1815 Mrs. Sherwood Susan Gray 73 If God sees fit.. that I should marry, in his due time he will provide me with a worthy husband. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 477 The Athenians have thought fit to condemn me. + c. Needing, requiring, or calling for (action of some kind). Const, to with passive inf. Obs. 1621 Elsing Debates Ho. Lords (Camden) 54 Fytt to be so done, but the matter of Yelverton. .cannot be paste over. 1661-2 Marvell Corr. xxxiii. Wks. 1872-5 II. 77 Wherein you shall find it [the Petition] fit to be alterd, be pleased to returne it corrected to us. 1756 Burke Subl. <$• B. Wks. 1842 I. 53 Good sense and experience..find out what is fit to be done in every work of art. + 3 . Of a manufactured article: Of the right measure or size; made to fit, accurate in fit, well or close-fitting. Obs. 1530 Palsgr. 312/2 Fytte as a garment or other thynge. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. iv. i. 50 One a these Maides girdles for your waste should be fit. 1596 Harington Metam. Ajax (1814) 8 To which you must have a hollow key with a worm fit to that screw. 1641 French Distill, i. (1651) 6 The stopple .. ground very smooth and fit to the mouth of the Vessell. 1646 Crashaw Poems 118 Her garments, that upon her sit. .close and fit. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 169 A square hole made fit to it in the hithermost Cheek. 4 . Possessing the necessary qualifications,properly qualified, competent, deserving. Const, as above; also f of. For phr. Fit to hold a candle to : see Candle 5 c. 1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 44 Having now at the lenght so fit a barer as I have. X591 Shaks. Two Gent. 1. ii. 45 *Tis an office of great worth, And you an officer fit for the place, at 592 H. Smith Wks. (1866-7) I* 476 They thought themselves fitter to govern than he. 1607-12 Bacon Ess., Youth <$• Age (Arb.) 258 Yonge Men are fitter to invent, then to iudge ; fitter for execution, then for Councell. 1621 Lady M. Wroth Urania None, .how much soeuer condemn'd, but may liue to be fit of commiseration and respect. 1670 Temple Let. to Earl Northumberland’WVs. 1731 II. 220 Nothing makes Men fit to command, like hav¬ ing learn’d to obey. 1722 De Foe Relig. Courtsh. 1. i. (1840) 22, I think my father is the fittest to give him his answer. 1771 Franklin A utobiog. Wks. 1840 I. 89 This is a business I am not fit for. 1855 Browning Fra Liftpo 107 Let’s see what the urchin’s fit for. 1868 Bain Ment. <$• Mor. Sc. (1875)624 Every man. .being fitter to take care of himself than of another person. 5 . In a suitable condition for doing or under¬ going something ; prepared, ready. Const, for, or to with inf.; otherwise Obs. exc. dial. P I 534 tr * Verg. Eng. Hist. (Gamden 1846) I. 102 Brittaine seemed, .feete for the invasion of hostilitie.] 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 113 The sayde Lewes was in all pointes fit for their handes. 1596 Shaks. Merch. V. v. i. 85 The man that hath no musicke in himselfe .. Is fit for treasons. 1603 — Meas./or M. iii. i. 266 The Maid will I .. make fit for his attempt. 1604 — Oth. iii. iv. 166 If I doe finde him fit, He moue your suite. 1678 Bunyan Pilgr. 1. (1847) 4 If I be not fit to go to Prison, I am not fit .. to go to J udge- ment. 1681 W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen . (1693) 610 Is the money fit? 1703 Moxon Mcch. Exerc. 212 Having prepared the Work fit for the Lathe. 1784 Cowper Let . 10 Feb., When I am .. more fit for mental occupation than at any other time. 1796 Mrs. Glasse Cookery xix. 300 They will be fit to eat in two or three days. 1823 Crabb Technol . Did., Fit for sendee (Mil.), an epithet for healthy men capable of undergoing the fatigues of service, a 1825 For by Voc. E. Anglia, ‘Come, stir, make yourself fit.’ 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 345 Which makes the land perfectly clean and fit for the wheat crop. b. Inclined, disposed. Now chiefly colloq . and dial, in stronger sense : Angry or troubled enough- to (do something desperate or violent); exhausted enough, 1 ready ’ to (sink to the ground, etc.). 1580 Baret Alv. F 603 Fitte .. inclined, disposed, accomo - datus. 1585 Abp. Sandys Serin. (1841) 308 When men are heavy laden with grief and sorrow, then are they fittest to call for and to receive refreshing. 1728 De T01s. Syst. Magic (1840)251, I am fit to hang myself because I can’t find it out. 1787 Burns To W. Creech 50 And Calvin’s folk are fit to fell him. 182X Clare Vill. Minstr. II. 24 To look at things around he’s fit to freeze. 1848 J. H. Newman Loss Gain 11 He .. keeps you standing till you are fit to sink. 1878 Cnmberld. Gloss., ‘They war fit to feyt about her.’ i\W2LS\-adv. 1808 in Spirit Pub. Jrnls. (1809) XII. 301 It made us laugh fit to kill ourselves. C. of things : Likely, 4 enough 9 (to), colloq. 1776 Bentham Wks. I. 276 We hear now and then of a sort of Government fit to break one’s teeth, called an Ochlocracy. 6. In Racing or Athletics'. In good 'form* or condition; hence colloq. in good health* perfectly well. Fit as a fiddle : see Fiddle sb. 1 b. 1869 Bradwood The O. V. H. (1870) 28 Vale House was not as ‘fit’ inside as modern conveniences might have made it. 1876 Ouida Winter City vi. 124 To hear the crowd on a race-day call out. .‘My eye, ain’t she fit!' just as if I were one of the mares. 1885 Manch. Exam. 17 Jan. 5/5 General Stewart with his men and camels, all apparently well and fit. 1891 Dixon Diet. Idiom. Phr. s.v. Fit, ‘ How are you?’ —‘ Very fit, thank you; never felt better.’ 7 . quasi-adv. = Fitly. c 1440 [See sense 2 above.] 1581 J. Bell Haddon's A nsw. Osor. 200 This would have accorded farre fitter with your exposition. 1591 Shaks. Two Gent. iv. iv. 167, I was trim’d in Madam Iulias gowne Which serued me as fit .. As if the garment had bin made for me. 1613 W. Browne Brit. Past. it. i.Wks. 1772 II. 33 Limos. .fed well. .Which serv’d Marina fit. 1630 M. Godwyn tr. Bp. Herefords Ann. Engl. 153 The mention of Poole falls fit with our time. 1657 W. Rand tr. Gassendi's Life Peiresc 11. 75 One cup would go fit into the other. 8. Comb., as + fit-forked adj. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. i. iv. Handy-crafts 214 Their fit-forked stems. Fit (fit), v. 1 Forms : 5 fitte, 7 fitt, fyt(t, 6- fit. [Sense 1, found only in the Morte Arthur c 1400, is of uncertain etymology, but may possibly be f. Fit sb$ Apart from this use, the word first appears late in 16th c. when it was presumably a new formation on Fit a. The coincidence of form and meaning with the 16-17th c. Du. and Flemish vitten to suit, agree, adapt, is remarkable, but most probably the two words have developed their identical sense independently by different processes, though they may be from the same ultimate root. In mod. editions of 15th c. works, the words sit , besit (=tobe becoming), sitting ( = becoming) are often misprinted fit, befit, fitting', the latter do not appear to be older than the Elizabethan period, but when once introduced they rapidly superseded the older synonyms ; probably owing to their obvious connexion with Fit#., they were felt to ex¬ press the meaning more forcibly.] 11 . 1 . trans. To array, marshal (soldiers). Obs. Only in the Morte Arthur. 1400 Morte Arth. 1755 Thus he fittez his folke. Ibid. 1989 The kynge .. ffittes his fote-mene, alles hym faire thynkes. Ibid. 2455 f>e frekke men of Fraunce folowede thare aftyre, fifaire fittyde one frownte. II. To be fit, becoming, or suitable (to). + 2 . intr. To be fit, seemly, proper, or suitable. Chiefly impers. or quas \-impers. Obs. or arch. (The first examples given under the trans. sense 3 may belong here, as the obj.-pronoun is probably dative . Cf. similar use of sit.) 1574 H. G. tr. Cataneo*s Most briefe Tables Aiij a, Howe to determine vppon a sodayne fitteth well to euerye one that hath anye doinges. 1592 Shaks. Rom. <$■ Jul. 1. v. 77 It fits when such a Villaine is a guest. 1594 Spenser A moretti liv. 5 Sometimes I joy when glad occasion fits. 1594 First Pt. Contention (1843) 8 Whose Church-like humours fits not for a Crown. 1594 Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits (1616) 130 This fitteth not to be remembered to the Preachers of our time. c 1620 Z. Boyd Zion's Flcrwers{ 1855) 5 Amittais Sonne fites for what I intend. 1632 Milton Penseroso 78 If the air will not permit, Some still removed place will fit. 1671 — Samson 1318 To appear as fits before th’ illustrious lords. 1663 Gerbier Counsel 99 None will deny but that Greatnesse and Conveniency being conjoynt fits best. 1725 Pope Odyss. iii. 83 The genial banquet o’er, It fits to ask ye, what your native shore, And whence your race? + b. To agree or harmonize with. Obs. 1588 Shaks. Tit. A. ni. i. 266 Why dost thou laugh? it fits not with this houre. 1605 — Lear ill. ii. 76 He.. Must make content with his Fortunes fit. 1594 Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits (1616) 119 A name, which might fit well with a furious Giant. 3 . trans. Chiefly impers. or quasi-imfers. To be suited or suitable to, be proper for; to be in har¬ mony with, become, befit. a 1586 Sidney Arcadia 11. x. 142 b, How euill fits it me to haue such a sonne. 1590 Marlowe Edw. II. iii. ii, Things of more weight Than fits a prince so young as I to bear. 1593 Shaks. Lucr. 1613 Few words, .shall fit the trespasse best. 1671 Milton Samson 1236 This^ insolence other kind of answer fits. 1703 Rowe Ulyss. iii. i. 1240 This Boldness does not fit a Stranger. 1725 Pope Odyss . iii. 57 Thee first it fits, oh stranger ! to prepare The due libation. 1806 H. Siddons Maid , Wife, Widow II. 239 What the con¬ tents of Middleton’s letter were it fitted me not to inquire. 1852 Tennyson Death Dk. Wellington iii, Lead out the pageant: sad and slow, As fits an universal woe. 1866 Geo. 264 FITCHED FIT. Eliot F. Holt I. i. 49 Her person.. would have fitted an empress in her own right. + 4 . To be well adapted or suitable for; to answer or satisfy the requirements of; to answer, suit. Also, f To fit it , + To fit one s turn: to serve one’s turn. Obs. 157X Hanmer Chron. Irel. (1633) 179 Little Iohn came to Ireland, .and found in the woods enough to fit his humours. 1598 Shaks. Merry IV. 11. i. 166 Trust me, I thought on her ; shee’ll fit it. 1603 Sir G. Fenton in Lismore Papers Ser. 11. (1887) I. 74 A coursse which may ease you, and yet will fytt my turne. 1677 Horneck Gt. Lazo Consul, iv. (1704) 126 A temptation which will fit one, will not fit another. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 197 Of these Rowlers they have several.. that upon all occasions they may chuse one to fit their purpose. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones vni. iv, There is a piece of cold buttock and carrot, which will fit you. 5 . To be of the right measure or proper shape and size for; to be correctly shaped or adjusted to. Said esp. of dress ; alsoy?^. Often absol. The cap fits\ see Cap sb . 1 9. To fit to a T: see T. 1581 Pettie tr. Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 11. (1586) 51 b, To finde a fashion for a saddle to fit anie Horse. 1603 Shaks. Meas. for M. iv. ii. 46 Euerie true mans apparrell fits your Theefe. a 1691 Boyle Firmness Wks. 1744 I. 278 As much of the stone, as was contiguous to the marchasite. .fitted the mar- chasite so close as if [etc.]. 1795 Burns Song , Last May , a Irazu zuooer , And how her new shoon fit her auld schachl't feet. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xxxiv, [The] armour .. is light, and will fit thee well. 1842 Tennyson Walk to the M. 57 Those manners next That fit us like a nature second-hand. 1846 Greener Sc. Gunnery 207 A leaden ball to fit the bore. 1849 C. Bronte Shirley I. iii. 49 You cannot always cut out men to fit their profession. 1863 W. C. Bald¬ win African Hunting vi. 152 The only utensil, .big enough to cook him in was a soap-boiler, which he just fitted. 1885 J. de Griez in Lazo Times LXXX. 138/2 A suit of clothes, which the latter, .refused to accept, on the ground that the clothes did not fit him. Mod. Your description fits him to a T. absol. 1782 Cowper Gilpin xlvii, My head is twice as big as yours, They therefore needs must fit. 1889 Bridges Feast of Bacchus hi. 47 Pam. I like the hat. Ph. Is it comfort¬ able ? Pam. It fits like fun. b. intr. To be of such size and shape as to fill exactly a given space, or conform properly to the contour of its receptacle or counterpart; to be ad¬ justed or adjustable to a certain position. Often with in (adv. and prep.), into, in with. 1694 Acc. Scv. Late Voy. 11. (1711)142 On the upper Lip is a cavity or hole which the lower [printed upper] Lip fits exactly into. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 283 Then your Wainscot will fit exactly between any two lines of the Arch. 1867 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) I. App. 644 A statement which curiously fits in with our story. 1891 Speaker 11 July 37/1 The. .complicated mechanism invented in the library would not fit into modern life. Mod. This peg fits into this hole. III. trans. To make fit. 6. To make fit or suitable ; to adapt to the object in view; to make ready, prepare; f rarely with up. Const, for, to with sb. or inf.: otherwise dial. only. 1600 Hakluyt Voy. III. 200 A notable strong ship..in all thinges fitted for a man of warre. 1611 Bible Rom. ix. 22 The vessels of wrath fitted to destruction. 1628 Digby Voy. Medit. (1868) 5 In like manner wee fitted our seleues for fight. 1634 Earl Cork Diary in Lismore Papers Ser. 1. (1886) IV. 43, I rodd with my daughter, .to fyt the howse against her removall thither. 1670 Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. (1711) 28, I judged this a very fit Harbour to fit the Ship in. 1674 tr. Scheffer's Lapland 66 Skins, either plain or fitted up for use. 1677 Yarranton Eng. Improv. 53 There is much in preparing and fitting of the Flax. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 74 You must know how to grind, and whet them, for they are not so fitted when they are bought. 17x5-20 Pope Iliad 11. 186 They urge the Train, To fit the Ships. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr . (1756) I. 33 This..fits the Glands to perform their Office. 1784 Cowper Task 1. 374 Winds from all quarters .. fit the limpid element for use. 1877 Mrs. Oliphant Makers Flor. i. 1 The action of time may fit Rome..for becoming the capital of Italy. 1880 W. Conizu. Gloss, s. v., ‘ When shail I fit the dennar ?’ b. To render (a person) competent or qualified. Const, as above. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. i. § 1 [If] that which fitteth them bee their vertues. 1647 Trapp Comment, on Epist. 681 Such as fits a man for some particular calling. 1671 Milton P. R. i. 73 Who. .Pretends to. .fit them so Purified to receive him pure. 1720 Ozell Vertot’s Rom. Rep. II. ix. 48 To fit himself to shine in it more conspicuously. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 174 Accomplishments, fitting him to shine both in active and elegant life. 1888 Bryce Arner. Commzu. III. lxxx. 54 It .. does not completely fit him to weigh the real merits of statesmen. absol. (U.S. only.) 1878 Scribner's Mag. XV. 426/2 There are schools that fit for Harvard. There are those that fit for Yale. 7 . To fashion, modify, or arrange so as to con¬ form or correspond to something else. Const, to, formerly also + into , + for. 1580 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 473 For as thou framest thy manners, so wil thy wife fit hers. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. 1. i. 118 To fit your fancies to your Fathers will. 1615 R. Bruch tr. Gerhards Soule's Watch title-p., Heavenly Meditations, .fitted to all the Dayes in the Weeke. c 1645 Howell Lett. iv. xiv. 19, I return here enclos'd the Sonnet . .rendered into Spanish, and fitted for the same Ayr it had in English. 1665 Boyle Occas. Ref. (1845) 36 Scarce any thought will puzzle him to fit words to it. X718 {title) A Book of Psalms in Blank Verse fitted into the tunes com¬ monly used. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. lxxv. 6 Expert In fitting aptest words to things. 1855 H. Reed Led. Eng. Lit. i. (1878) 36 How exquisitely the individual man and the external world are fitted to each other. 1877 Huxley Amer. Addr. i. 29, I have no reason to suppose that she (Nature] is bound to fit herself to our notions. 8 . To fix, apply, adjust, or insert (something) so that it fills exactly the required place, or conforms to the contour of its receptacle or counterpart. Const, in, into , on, to, upon ; also with in adv. x6n Bible i Kings vi. 35 Gold, fitted vpon the carued worke. 1628 Digby Voy. Medit. (1868) 86 The Jonas (to whom wee continually fitted saile). 1667 Milton P. L. vi. 543 Let each..Fit well his Helme. 1670 Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. (1711) 30 The rest of the seamen fitted Rigging. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 136 Having, .fitted in the Bressummers, Girders, Joysts, etc. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. 242 He had a Bow and Arrow, and was fitting it to shoot at me. 1796 H. Hunter tr .St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) I. 31 The tyrant, .who fitted the unhappy traveller to his bed of iron. 1867 Smyth Sailer s Word-bk., Fit rigging , to cut or fit the standing and running rigging to the masts, etc. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 78/1 The practice of fitting them [water-tight bulkheads] has since become common. 1883 Knowledge 13 July 30/1 A dress¬ maker would fit the belt best. 1885 Lazu Times LXXIX. 366/2 Hoods will also be fitted over the tops of the doors. fig. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 14 The accuracy with which the question and answer are fitted into one another. b. To fit on : to try on (a garment, etc.) with the view of ascertaining whether it fits the person. (Also colloq. with the person as obj.) To fit the cap 071 : to take some allusion as applying to oneself. X842 Whittock, etc. Bk. Trades 431 When the suits are commanded to be fitted on. 1842 Tennyson St. S. Siylites 206 The crown ! the crown ! So now ’tis fitted on and grows to me. 1856 Reade Nez>er too Late xxiv, The truth is when a searching sermon is preached, each sinner takes it to himself. .1 am glad the prisoners fitted the cap on. f 9 . To appoint, determine, or settle as may be fitting. Obs. 16.. Beaum. & Fl. Laws Candy 1. i, My prisoner .. I sur¬ render : Fit you his ransom. — Mad Lozier in. i, If by my meanes Your busines may be fitted. 1621-31 Laud Sev. Serm. (1847) 10 This time is in God to fit. f b. Sc. To adjust or balance (an account); also, to examine, test, or audit (accounts). Obs. 1653 Burgh Rec. Glasgozu (Rec. Soc.) II. 269 To meit with Mr. George Young and to fitt and cleir ane compt with him. 10 . Soap-making. To bring (a mass of fluid soap) into such a condition that it will separate into two strata, the upper purer than the lower. x866 Tomlinson Cycl. Useful Arts II. 539 The soap is fitted, i. e. the contents of the copper are fused in a weak lye or in water. 1885 W. L. Carpenter Maniif Soap vi. 173 The English practice is to fit rather ‘fine.' 1887 Eticycl. Brit. XXII. 204/1 It is impossible to ‘fit' or in any way purify soft soap. IV. 11 . To supply, furnish, or provide with what is fit, suitable, convenient, or necessary. ? Obs. when obj. is a person. 1591 Shaks. Two Gent. n. vii. 42 Fit me with such weedes As may beseeme some well reputed Page. 1595 — John in. iii. 26, I had a thing to say, But I will fit it with some better tune. 1627-77 Feltham Resolves 1. xxv. 44 Those [senses] which carry the most pleasing tasts, fit us with the largest reluctations. 1653 Walton Angler 71, I wil fit him to morrow with a Trout for his breakfast. 1660 Boyle Nezu Exp. Phys.-Mech. Proem 7 The last nam’d Person fitted me with a Pump. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 32 Having fitted yourself with a Hole in your Screw-plate. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1757) II. 61 They will pre¬ tend., that they can fit you to a Title with such a Horse. 1892 Lazu Times Rep. LXVII. 251/1 A steamship of 1074 tons net, fitted with steam steering gear. b. + refl. To fit oneself', to suit oneself, get suited. Also pass. To be fitted: to be suited, dial. 1667 Pepys Diary 29 Jan., He .. promised she should stay till she had fitted herself. 1786 Burns To G. Hamilton 14 If sae be ye may be Not fitted otherwhere. 1877 N. W. Line. Gloss., I'm just fitted where I am. 1882 Lane. Gloss., Fitted , suited, served. c. To fit out : to supply with what is necessary ; to equip, rig out. Obs. exc. Naut. or transf. from that use. 1670 R. Coke Disc. Trade 63 A Dutch Ship .. may be built and fitted out to Sea for half the terms an English Ship can. 1722 De Foe Plague (1754) 9 All loaded with Baggage and fitted out for travelling. 1741 Richardson Pamela I. 21 My poor honest Dress, with which you fitted me out. 1776 Trial of Nuudocomar 70/2, I saw Maha Rajah.. order the house to be fitted out for him. 1824 Landor Imag. Conv. Wks. 1846 I. 106/2 If they had, they would fit out a cutter. X840 Thirlvvall Greece VII. 183 The Athe¬ nians, in addition to the galleys which they had before, fitted out others. 1893 Stevenson Catriona 2 At a mer¬ chant’s in the Luckenbooths I had myself fitted out. d. To fit up : to supply with necessary fittings, furniture, or stores. X670 R. Coke Disc. Trade 11. 56 The Dutch .. do fit up more Ships for Navigation, and cheaper than the English. 1728 Pope Let. to Swift 20 June, He has fitted up his farm. 1821 Shelley Epipsycli. 515, I have fitted up some chambers there. 1859 Jf.phson Brittany xv. 243 The kitchen was fitted up with large boilers and ovens. trans. 1869 J. Martineau Ess. II. 156 Their neighbouring skies are fitted up with moons. 12 . To visit (a person) with a fit penalty; to punish. Obs. exc. Australian. Also dial, with out. a 1625 Fletcher Hum. Lieutenant iv. i, If I do not fit ye let me frie for’t. 1685-8 Roxb. Ball. VII. 470 His Lass then presently devis'd to fit him for his whoring. 1782 Miss Burney Cecilia (1809) II. 229 With a look that implied —I’ll fit you for this I 1889 Boldrewood Robbery under Arms (1890) 3 A sergeant of police was shot in our last scrimmage, and they must fit some one over that. Mod. (Derbyshire) I’ll fit you out for this. t Pit, s?. 2 Obs. rare~ 1 [f. Fit sbfi\ trans. To force by fits or paroxysms out of (the usual place). c 1600 Shaks. Sotm. cxix, How haue mine eies out of their Spheares bene fitted In the distraction of this madding feuer ? Fit (fit), v$ [Sc. pronunciation of Foot.] In the game of Curling (see quots.k 1831 Blackzu. Mag. Dec. 985 Fit fair and rink straight. 1892 J. Kerr Hist. Curling 361 The crampit or the hack is immoveable, and no advantage must be taken by changing to a place from which the shot could be more easily taken. This is fit fair. Ibid., He must first fit the tee, i.e. he must so place himself that his eye travels along the central line toward the farther tee, while his right foot rests in the hack or on the heel of the crampit. Fit, Sc. and dial. var. of Foot; also var. (dial, or vulgar) of fought: see Fight v. Fitch (fitj), sb . 1 Obs. exc. dial. Forms : 4-5 ficcbe, fetch, 5-6 fiche, 6 feche, fyteh, fitche, 5- fitch, [var. of Vetch.] 1 . = Vetch; the plant Vida sativa, or its seed. Also attrib., as fitch-grass. 1382 Wyclif Isa. xxviii. 25 Barly, and myle, and ficche [1388 fetchis] in ther coestes. <1420 Pallad. on Hush. 1. 550 Fitches flynge afore hem [briddes] ofte. 1559 Bp. Aylmer Harborowe Hj, Satan. .soweth tares and fytehes of heresies and sectes continually. 1611 Bible Isa. xxviii. 25 Doth he not cast abroad the fitches? 1725 Bradley Earn. Did. s. v. Sand, It was sowed with Oats and Fitches. 1789 Trans. Soc. Encourag. Arts (ed. 2) II. 57 Rib-grass, fitch-grass, .and rye-grass. 1876 in Whitby Gloss., Fitches. + b. With reference to the size of a vetch-seed. 1590 Barrough Mcth. PJiisick. 1. xxxvii. 61 Put in a peece of a spunge as much as the fiche. 1634 Peacham Gentl. Exerc. 1. xxii. 69 A little eare-waxe to the quantitie of a fitch. + 2 . transf. Something resembling the seed of a vetch. Obs. 1625 Hart Anat. Ur. 11. viii. 102 Red Vetches or Fitches in the residence.. are recorded., to signifie. .great inflam¬ mation of the Liuer. Fitch (fitj), sb . 2 Also 6 fy^che, feche, fyche, fiche. [a. (perh. through an unrecorded OF. form) MDu. visse,fisse, whence OF. fissel Fitchew.] 1 . = Fitchew. 1 55 ° J* Coke Eng. 4 * Fr. Heralds § 213 (1877) 118 We have marterns. .otters, fitches, squerelles, etc. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts (1658) 172 They say ‘ they stink like an litis,' that is, a fitch, or poul-cat. 1661 Lovell Hist. Anim. 4- Min. 49 Fitch. .The part of use taken from them is the skinne. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Bitch, a Polecat. 2 . The fur or hair of a polecat. 1502 Will of Sozuerby (Somerset Ho.) [Furred with] fy^ches. 1663-73 Bullokar, Fitch, the furr of the Polecat. 1879 M. M. Backus in Encycl. Brit. IX. 838/1 Fitch Size about that of the American mink. 1884 J. C. Staples in Girl's Own Paper 8 Mar. 554/3 Some [brushes] are made of sable, fitch, and other hairs. 3 . A brush made of the hair of a fitchew or pole¬ cat ; also, a small brush made of hog’s hair. 1873 Spon IVorkshofi Rec. Ser. I. 106 The smallest hog- hair brushes are called fitches. 4 . attrib., as fitch-brush, -hair. 1840 Thackeray Paris Sk. Bk., French Sch. Paint, (end), Can you describe it? No, not if pens were fitch-brushes. Fitch, v. Sc. and north, dial. [app. an inter¬ mediate form between Fike and Fidge.] 1 . intr. 1 To move by slow succussations from one place to another’ (Jam.). Cf. Fidge v. 1637 Gillespie Eng. Pop. Cerem. iv. viii. 35 They are so nettled therewith, that they fitch hither and thither. 1790 A. Wilson Poems 63 A speakin’ Pack’s owre learnt for me, Or ane that steers an’ fitches. 2 . trans, 4 To move any thing a little way from its former place 9 (Jam,). 1892 Northumb. Gloss., Fitch that flake—remove that hurdle. b. i To lift and laydown again, to touch a thing frequently ’ (Jam.) ; = Fidge v. [1692 J. Curate Sc. Prcsbyt. Eloquence iii. 90 This John [Simple] was ordinarily called Fitch-cape and Claw-poll, because in the time of Preaching, or Praying he used to claw his Head, and rub his Callet.] t Fi'tchant, a. Obs. [var. of Figent : cf. Fitch z>.] Nimble, restless. c 1600 Beaumont Grammar Lecture Sloane MS. 1709 f. 17 To visit often the pagan puppett playes, and to behold their fitchant anticks. Fitche, -^e (fi*tj he furred WiJ? foyns or wij> fitchewes o)>er fyn beuer. 1493 Will of Squycr (Somerset Ho.) Penulatam cum fychew pollys. 1502 Will of Grene (Somerset Ho.) (Gown furred with) Ficheuxe. 1534 in Weaver Wells Wills (1890) 98 My gowne furryd with flechowe. 1721 Bailey, Fitchow, a Pole-cat. .also the skin of it. t Frtchew, v. Obs .- 1 a 1650 May Satir. Puppy (1657) 85 Yet this is she. .whom Pride did become as a full Oath doth a desperate Gallant: that fichew’d with a degenerate posture of the Chinne. t Frtchock. Obs. Also fich-, fytchock, fitchuk. [f. Fitch sb.% + dim. suffix -ock.] = Fitchew ; also as a term of contempt. a 1615 Beaum. & Fl. Bouduca 1. ii, And make ye fight like fichocks. — Scornful Lady v. i, Farewell, fytchock I 1804 Duncumb Herefordsh. I. 213 A fitchock, a pole-cat, 1847 Halliwell, Fitchet , a polecat, also called, .fitchuk. + Fi*tchy, a . 1 Obs. [f. Fitch sb 1 + -Yk] Re¬ sembling a fitch or vetch. 1610 Healey St. Aug. Citie of God 612 There is. .lenti- cula of lens, a little fitchie kind of pease. Fitchy (frtji), a. 2 Her. [Anglicized form of Fitche.] =Fitche. Also transf. 1650 Fuller Pisgah iv. iv. 68 Silver sockets, .made fitchy, or picked, to be put into the earth. 1763 Brit. Mag. IV. 638 Three cross croslets, fitchy. 1864 Boutell Heraldry Hist. «$• Pop. xv. (ed. 3) 215 Crusily fitchy or. + Fi telfoot. Obs. rare — 1 . [?Cf. Fittle a.] An alleged designation for the hare. a 1325 Names of Hare in Rel. Ant. I. 133 The sittere, the gras-hoppere, The fitelfot, the foldsittere. Fitful (fvtful), a . [f. Fit sb . 2 + -ful, A word used once by Shakspere, and popularized by writers of the beginning of this century.] 1 . Of a disease: Characterized by fits or pa¬ roxysms. Obs. exc. in Shakspere’s phrase. 1605 Shaks. Macb. hi. ii. 23 Lifes fitfull Feuer. 1744 Armstrong Preserv. Health 1. 131 Quartana .. this fitful pest With feverish blasts subdues the sickening land. 2 . Characterized by irregular fits of activity or strength; coming and going by fits and starts; full of irregular changes; spasmodic, shifting, changing, capricious. 1810 Scott Lculy of L.\. Prol., And down the fitful breeze thy numbers flung. 1816 Byron Siege Cor. xxi, So seen by the dying lamp’s fitful light. 1832 Ht. Martineau Each $ All ii. 18 His impulses were generous, but fitful. 1841 Miall Nonconf. I. 1 The fitful and convulsive energy they have at times displayed. 1874 Motley Bameveld I. i. 5 The first fitful years of peace. Fitfully (frtfuli), adv. [f. prec. + -I.Y 2 .] In a fitful manner; by fits and starts. 1792 Wordsw. Descr. Sketches Poems (1888) 17/2 Fitfully, and in flashes, through his soul, Like sun-lit tempests, troubled transports roll. 1834 Mrs. Somerville Connect. Phys. Sc. xxxvii. (1849) 4 2 4 Here we have a star fitfully variable. 1889 Ruskin Prseterita III. 181 The fireflies., shone fitfully in the still undarkened air. Fitfulness (frtfulnes). [f. as prec. + -ness.] Fitful condition or quality. 1825 Lytton Falkland 12 Fitfulness of temper. 1859 Smiles Self-Help x. (i860) 264 A habit of fitfulness and ineffective working. Fithelfe, -ul, obs. forms of Fiddle. Vol. IV. Fitly, a. rare. [f. Fit a. + -ly k] =Fit a. 1573 Tusser Hnsb. (1878) 183 Giue childe that is^ fitly. 1840 Browning Sordello vi. 441 ’Twere fitliest maintain the Guelfs in rule. Fitly (frtli), adv. [f. Fit a. + -ly 2 .] 1 . In a way that is fit; properly, aptly, be¬ comingly, suitably, appropriately. c 1550 in Strype Cranmer (1694) App. No. 49. 138 Their heads [standith] most fyttely on London bridge. 15.. Tur- bervile Compl. lost Dove , Epitaphes etc. (1567) 130 b, Eche part so fitly pight as none mought chaunge his place. 16^7 Shaks. Cor. iv. ii. 34 Cats that can iudge as fitly of his worth, As I can of those Mysteries. 1667 Milton P. L. viii. 394 So fitly them in pairs thou hast combin’d. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. 1. § 2 The mind of man may be fitly compared to a piece of land, a 1822 Shelley Cyclops 193 Well, isthedinner fitly cooked and laid? 1870 Swinburne Ess. <$• Stud. (1875) 277 Seen fitlier by starlight than by sunlight. + b. At the fitting time or season. Obs. 1605 Shaks. Lear 1. ii. 184 From whence I will fitly bring you to heare my Lord speake. 1611 Bible Prov. xxv. 11 A word fitly spoken is like apples of gold in pictures of siluer. 1623-6 Cockeram ii, Fitly , opportunely. 2 . Comb., as fitly-contrived, fitly-fair. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. ii. iv. Columnes 375 Our Learned Elders.. Heav’n’s shining Signes imagin’d fitly-fair. 1677 Gilpin Demonol. (1867) 182 A fitly-contrived subject. Fitment (fi-t«£nt). [f. Fit v. + -ment.] + 1 . A making fit, preparation. Obs. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. v. v. 409 'Twas a fitment for The pur¬ pose I then follow’d. 12 . That which is fitting or proper; duty. Obs. 1608 Shaks. Per. iv. vi. 6 When she should doe for clyents her fitment, .shee [etc.]. 3 . A piece of furniture. Usually in//. Fittings. 1851 Ord. <$■ Regul. R. Engineers § 4. 19 The expense of repairs of Fences, Fixtures, Fitments, &c. 1862 Mrs. Freshfield Grisons <5- Bern. xvii. 282 In keeping with the other fitments of the room. 1888 Illustr. Lond. News 29 Dec., Every variety of Fitment and Furniture. 1891 Times 22 O^ct. 16/5 The library has an enamelled wood fitment. Fitness (fi’tnes). [f. Fit a. + -ness.] 1 . The quality or state of being fit or suitable; the quality of being fitted, qualified, or competent. 1580 Baret A Iv. F 604 Ablenesse, fitnesse, handsomnesse, habilitas. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. vi. (1611) 193 Com¬ petent to shew/heir conueniencie and fitnesse. 1601 Shaks. All's Well 11. ii. 31 Haue you, I say, an answere of such fit¬ nesse for all questions? 1748 Hartley Observ. Man 11. ii. 158 The Harmonies, and mutual Fitnesses, of visible things. 1783 Burke Affairs India Wks. 1842 II. 11 His fitness for the supreme council. 1845-6 Trench Huls. Led. Ser. 1. iii. 49 Every other man has .. fitnesses for one task rather than another. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 132 Their fitness as instruments of thought to express facts. b. The state of being morally fit ; worthiness. 1647 W. Lyford Transl. Sinner (1648) 3 Not because of our works, or fitnesse, or betternesse of disposition in us. 1745 Wesley Answ. Ch. 36 No Fitness is required at the Time of communicating. 1858 J. Martineau Stud. Chr. 332 To insist, .on a mere moral fitness. 2 . The quality or condition of being fit and proper, conformity with what is demanded by the circum¬ stances; propriety. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. § 7. 13 In things the fitnes whereof is not of it self apparent. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII 11. iv. 231 The Queene being absent, ’tis a needfull fitnesse That we adiourne this Court till further day. 1784 Cowper Task v. 672 Make him hear Of rectitude and fitness. 1820 Byron Let. Wks..1846,153/t Their system has its rules, and its fitnesses, and its decorums. b. The ( eternal ) fitness of things: a phrase extensively used in the 18th c. with reference to the ethical theory of Clarke, in which, the quality of moral rightness is defined as consisting in a ‘ fitness * to the relations inherent in the nature of things. Hence popularly used (at first with playful allu¬ sion) for : What is fitting or appropriate. Clarke’s own usual phrase is ‘ the eternal reason of things’; but the words fit and fitness are constantly used by him as synonyms of ‘ reasonable ’ and ‘ reason ’. 1705 Clarke Nat. <$• Rev. Relig. (1706) 52 They [the Hobbists] have no way to show how Compacts themselves come to be obligatory,, but by inconsistently owning an eternal Fitness in the thing itself. 1730 M. Tindal Christi¬ anity old as Creatio 7 i 357 His [God’s] Commands are to be measured by the antecedent Fitness of Things. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones iv. iv, The rule of right, and the eternal fitness of things. 1749 Lady Luxborough Let. to Shenstone 29 Nov. (1775) 148 My writing a Postcript after so long a letter is not according to the fitness of things. .. Note. Be it known, these words thus applied are fashionable. 1885 Manch. Exam. 15 Sept. 4/7 Mr. Slagg .. showed a cha¬ racteristic sense of the fitness of things by confining his attention [etc.]. + 3 . The quality of fitting exactly (cf. Fit a. 3); correspondence of size and shape. Obs. 1658 A. Fox Wurtz * Surg. 11. xxv. 150 Have a good Knife also about you, in case you have need to cut the splinters to a fitness.. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) I. xi. 188 If there was any similitude or fitness, that I might be assured it was my own foot. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 235 Where there was the least want of fitness.. either the stone or the rock was cut, till each stone would come into its exact relative position. + 4 . Readiness, inclination. (Cf. Fit a. 5, 5 b.) 1604 Shaks. Ham. v. ii. 209 (Qo 2) I am constant to my purposes, they followe the Kings pleasure: if his fitnes speakes, mine is ready. Fitsides (frtsaidz), adv. Sc. ? Obs. [f. fit, Sc. form of Foot + Side.] Only in phr. To be fit - side(s with (a person): to be on the same footing with, to be * upsides ’ or quits with. 1609 Burgh Rec. Glasg. (Rec. Soc.) I. 304 And thou wart out of thy office, I sould be fit syde with the. 1752 A. B. Stewart in Scots Mag. July (1753) 338/2 He would be fit* sides with Glenure, where-ever he met him. Fitt (fit), V. local. [Of uncertain origin: identity with Fit v. i is possible.] To vend and load (coals) ; to load (a vessel) with coals for transport. 1600-1 Order of /Postmen's Comp, in Brand Newcastle II. 272 note. None shall fitt any keell .. without the consent of the owner thereof. 1625 Ibid. 28 Apr., To fitt and load coles abord of the keeles. 1825 in Brockett N. C. Words. Hence Fi tting vbl. sb.; in quot. attrib. 1843 T. Wilson Pitman’s Pay, etc. 108 The Faithers o’ the fittin’ trade The Quayside a’ways pacin’. Fittable (frtab’l), a. rare~°. [f. Fit v. 4- -able.] That may be fitted. 1611 Cotgr., Accommodabte, fittable, aptable, appliable. 1660 Howell Lexicon, Fittable, accommodabte. Fittage (fi’ted^). local, [f. Fitt v. + -age.] The commission allowed a fitter or coal shipper. 1708 J. C. Compl. Collier (1845).49 Their pretence is to have and get no more than two Shillings and six Pence per Chaldron .. for Fittidge. 1892 in Northumb. Gloss. attrib. 1797 Monthly Mag. III. 73 Mr. A. Baker, staith* man and fittage agent to the Beamish South-Moor Colliery. Fitted (fi’ted), ppl. a. [f. Fit v. + -ed k] a. In various senses of the vb.; also fitted-up. b. Often used predicatively with the ppl. sense somewhat obscured : Adapted, 1 calculated likely. Const. to with inf. 1736 Butler Anal. 1. Wks. 1874 I. 101 Circumstances peculiarly fitted to be, to them, a state of discipline. 1777 Watson Philip //(1793) 1 .11. 26 How much soever Philip’s power and character were fitted to excite jealousy. 1810 Sporting Mag. XXXVI. 156 Elegantly fitted-up pleasure boats, i860 lire's Diet. Arts (ed. 5) III. 713 A white, uni¬ coloured or fitted soap would be the result. 1867 Smyth Sailor’s Word-bk.. Fitted Furniture .. articles of spare supply, sent from the dockyard. 1888 Times 26 June 12/5 Advt., Fitted plate chests. Hence Fittedness, the state of being fitted. i6n H. D. Disc. Liturgies (1661) 77 The singing then used, and its fittedness to the duty of Christians in praising God. 1645 T. Coleman Hopes Deferred 3 There is no fittednesse to receive. 1894 Drummond Ascent of Man 267 Fitness to survive is simply fittedness. + Fitten, sb. Obs. Forms: 5 fyton, 6fytten, fitton(e, 6-7 fitten. [Of unknown origin. The suggestion that it is a corruption of fiction is in¬ admissible. The form coincides curiously with the cor¬ ruption of L. python found in various Teut. langs,: ON. fCtdn , MDu .fytoen necromancy, sorcery]. An untruth, a lie, an invention. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 163/1 Fyton, or lesynge, mendacium. 1530 Palsgr. 220/2 Fytten, mensonge , menterie. ai 577 Gascoigne Fruites of Warre 24 Wks. (1587) 118 Let not dame flattery in your bosome creepe, To tel a fittone in your Landlords eares. 1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. 1. iv, He doth feed you with fittons, figments and leasins. 1654 Gataker Disc.Apol. 69 Others of them may wel be deemed Fittons of his own framing, as [etc.]. 1825 J. Britton Beauties Wiltsh. III. 373 Fitten , a feint, a pretence. t Fi tten, a. Obs .— 1 [as if a pa. pple. (strong formation) f. Fit v.]. Suitable, fit. 1642 H. More Song of Soul iv. xxx, Sensation The soul some fitten hint doth promptly lend To find out plantall life. t Fi tten, v. Obs . Also 6 fiton. [f. Fitten sb.] intr. To utter falsehoods, fib, tell lies. 1577-87 HolinshedC/jzw/. II. 15/2 Least the apostle should haue beene thought to haue Atoned. C1580 Lodge Answ. to Gosson Wks. 1879 III. 30 Yf Boetyus fitten not. 1624 H. Mason Art of Lying v. 104 How can I tell that they doe not fitten and deuise all that vpon their fingers ende? Fitter (frtai), sb . 1 [f. Fit z/k + -er k] 1 . One who or that which fits (see the vb.). Also with adverbs, as fitter-otit, tip. 1660 Hexham, Een geriever , a Fitter, an Applier, or an Accommodatour. 1707 Mortimer Husb. ix. 146 Sowing .. with French Furze seed, they reckon a great Improver of their Land, and a fitter of it for corn. 1859 Sala Tw. round Clock ( 1861) 224 Nothing more can be done for a palace than the fitters-up of a modern club have done for it. 2 . spec, in various trades (see quots.). Also in Comb., as gas-fitter, hot-water-fitter, etc. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade y Fitter .. a weigher at the mint; a tailor, one who tries on and adjusts articles of dress. 1885 Law Times LXXX. 8/1 A cutter and fitter of wearing apparel. 1888 Lockwood's Diet. Mech. Engin ., Fitter or Engine Fitter—a working engineer whose duties consist in the fitting together of machine or engine parts. 1892 Labour Commission Gloss., Fitters , term applied to those persons .. who paste together the portions cut out to form the boot-upper, to prepare them for sewing. Fitter (frtai), sb . 2 local, [f. Fitt v. +-ER 1 .] One who vends and loads coals; a coal-broker. 1678 in Brand Newcastle (1789) II. 669 The customers, collectors, fitters, and other .. officers .. in the said port. 1739 Enquiry Reasons Advance Price Coals 31 The Host- men or Fitters at Newcastle are an incorporated Company. 1843 T. Wilson Pitman's Pay, etc. 108 The ‘ Runnin’ Fitters’ stannin’ still. Ibid. 117 Mourn, a’ the fitters 0’ the Quay! + Fi’tter, V. Obs. rare. [Perh. cognate with MHG. vetze, mod.G. fetzen rag, scrap, and ON. Jit hem (see Fit sbX ); the vb. (perh. first used in pa. pple.: see next) is formed with frequentative suffix -ek 5 common in vbs. expressive of the action of breaking into small pieces.] intr. To break into small fragments. 34 FITTERED. FIVE. c 1380, ^1450 [? implied in next]. 1600 Abp. Abbot Exp. Jonah 319 When Sampson was disposed he brake the cordes and ropes wherewith he was tyed; they fittered and dis¬ solved even as the flaxe which is burnt with the fire. tFi'ttered 9 ppl.a. Obs. [f. prec. + -ed 1 .] Ragged, wearing rags; also of clothes, slashed, cut into tags or streamers. c 1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 60 Many raggid & fittrid squyeris. c 1450 Myrc 1146 Hast J> ou hen prowde .. Of fytered clothes as foies done ? Fi tters, sb. pi. Obs. exc. dial. See also Flitters, [f. Fitters.] Fragments,pieces, atoms. In various obvious phrases, as to tear to Jitters, to break in Jo Jitters , etc. To be in Jitters: Jig. to be broken up into small parties. *- 1532 More Confnt. Tindale Wks. 374/2 Whiche the deuil hath by y° blast of his mouth .. frushed al to fitters. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World 11. 292 Which Image .. was with Fire from Heaven broken into fitters. 1639 Fuller Holy War iv. xxxii. 225 They were in fitters about prosecuting their titles to this city. 1715 tr. Pancirollus ' Rerum Mem. II. i. 273 That Sarsaparilla is to be chosen which is .. hard to be broken but when it falls into Fitters. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Fitters, very small pieces, fragments. 1886 in S..W. Line. Gloss. Fitting (frtig), vbl. sb. [f. Fit v. + -ing b] 1 . The action of the vb. Fit in various senses. Also gerundially with omission of in. Also with advs. 1607 Hieron Wks. I. 301 There should be also .. a fitting of this generall truth touching Christ to his owne particular. X719 Freethinker No. 154, I am fitting out for one of the most compleat Beaus in Christendom. 1746-7 Hervey Medit. (1818) 73 They saw the fatal arrow fitting to the strings. 1829 Marry at F. Mild may xxiii, The ship was fitting. 1862 Dana Man. Geol. 583 In the final fitting up of the earth with life there was still a reference to him [Man]. 1886 Ruskin Prsterita I. vL 179 The perfect fitting of windows. 2 . concr. Anything used in fitting. Usually in pi .: Fixtures, apparatus, furniture. Also fitting-tip. 1823 J. Badcock Dom. A?nusem. 77 Bladders filled with a quantity of this gas. .and the neck, or fitting-up of its end, made capable of being closed or opened, i860 Hawthorne Marb. Faun xxxi. (1883) 321 These fittings-up of polished marble. 1864 Bp. of Lincoln Charge 7, 42 grants for fittings and books. 1868 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) II. viii. 207 All the roofs, floors, and fittings were burned. 3 . Meek. Engin. (see quot. 1888). 1878 W. Allan Rose $ Thistle 131 What though your labour is merely stone-breaking, Turning or fitting, or wielding the spade. 1888 Lockwood's Diet. Mech. Engin., Fitting, that section of mechanical engineering devoted to the bringing together and adjusting of the different portions of engines, machines, &c. 4 . Soap-making. See Fit v. 10. i860 lire's Diet. Arts (ed. 5) III. 713. 1885 W. L. Carpenter Manuf. Soap vi. 172 The finishing operation for yellow soaps is termed ‘fitting’ in England. 5 . at t rib., as pitting (-out)- shop. 1840 Marryat Poor Jack xii, I went to a fitting-out shop. 1888 Lockwood's Diet. Mech. Engin., Fitting-Shop , the shop in which the operations of fitting are carried on. Fitting (fi’tiq), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing -.] That fits : a. Becoming, appropriate, proper, suit¬ able. b. That conforms to the contour or size of something; now only with prefixed advbs. (often hyphened), as close(-ly)-, well-, ill-fitting. Many examples in editions of 15th c. works are spurious, the reading of the MSS. being sitting, which was formerly used in the same sense. It is doubtful whether the reading of our first quot. is not similarly incorrect, as Fit vi has not otherwise been found so early. *535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 486 Thre men war clad in fitand [coit-]armour. 1595 Shaks. John v. vi. 19 News fitting to the night, Blacke, fearefull, comfortlesse. 1617 E. Owens in Lismore Papers (1887) Ser. 11. II. 113 Thus much I thought fytinge to acqueynt your Lordshipp. 1705 Stanhope Paraphr. II. 355 Use all fitting means of putting it to Shame. 1825 Southey Paraguay hi. 44 Which seem'd to be for beasts a fitting lair. 1845 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 20 Counsel.. such as is fitting a bishop should give. 1866 Geo. Eliot F. Holt (1868) 10 Her tight- fitting black, dress was much worn. 1881 Rita My Lady Coquette xvii, It's the fittingest name. Hence Fittingly adv., in a fitting manner; Fi ttingness, the state of being fitting. 1641 Jos. Shute Sarah Hagar (1649) 106 Let us carry our selves fittingly. 1653 Jer. Taylor Gt. E.xemf. 1. vi. 11. § 28 (1667) 182 He .. need not question the fittingness of Godfathers promising in behalf of the Children for whom they answer. 1863 Bates Nat. Amazon II. 95 The fire- ant, which might De fittingly termed the scourge of this fine river. 1866 Argyll Reign Law vii. (ed. 4) 377 Whose labours were to match with a curious fittingness into his. Fitting, Sc. form of Footing. Fittish, obs. form of Fetish sb. 1744 W. Smith Voy. Guinea 196 They are kept in Fittish. houses or Churches built for that Purpose in a Grove. + Fittle, a. Obs. rare — l . See quot. 1552 Huloet, Fittle or runninge witted,_/;iAy/.v. Fitty (fi'ti), a T Obs. exc. dial. [? f. Fit a. or v. + -y 1; but cf. Featous, Featish, and Featy of which it may be a corruption.] Fitting, becoming, proper, suitable; hence, nice, trim, neat. 1589 Puttenham Eng. Poesic ill. ix. (Arb.) 169 Others strained themselues to giue the Greeke wordes Latin names, and yet nothing so apt and fitty. 1746 Exmoor Scolding 73 Thy buzzom Chucks are pretty vittee. Ibid. 569 Tha stewarliest and vittiest Wanch that comath on tha Stones o’ Moulton, a 1800 Ballad in Edin. Mag. Oct. (1818) 328 266 The fittie fairies liftit her. 1880 W. Cotvnu. Gloss., ‘Your dress isn’t looking fitty.' Hence Fittily adv. ; Frttiness; Frttyways, -wise adv., properly. 1746 Exmoor Scolding 209 Tha hast, .no Vittiness in enny keendest Theng. 1810 Devon § Cornw. Voc. in Monthly Mag. XXIX. 435 That coat is fittily made. 1880 W. Cornw. Gloss., ‘Do behave fitty-ways.’ 1893 Couch Delectable Duchy 50 We’m going to do the thing fittywise. Titty, a* [f. Fit sb 1 . + -y L] Subject to fits. 1811 E. Nares Thinks / II. 161 They .. turned out so sickly and fitty that there was no rearing them anyhow. Fittyland (fvtibend). Sc. [f. fit, Sc. form of Foot v. + Land.] 1 The near horse of the hinder pair in the plough, which “ foots ” the unploughed “ land ” while its neighbour walks in the furrow ’ (Reid Burns Concord. 1889). 1787 Burns A uld Fanner’s Mare xi, Thou was a noble fittie-Ian’. II Fitz (fits). Forms : 3-4 fiz, (3 fyz), (5 flee, fytz), 4- fitz. [AF. spelling of OF. fiz (pro¬ nounced fits) earlier filz Lat. ftlius son. The form is due to the phonetic law in OF. that a palatal¬ ized l caused a succeeding f to become ts (written z).] The Anglo-French word for ‘son chiefly Hist, in patronymic designations, in which it was followed by the name of a parent in the uninflected genitive. Some of these survive as surnames, e.g. Fitzherbert, Fitzwilliam, etc. ; in later times new surnames of the kind have been given to the illegitimate children of royal princes. + Also in 12-15th c. used occas. in adopted AF. phrases, Beau Jitz = ‘ fair son’; fiz a putain = ‘ whoreson ’. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 432 Syre Roberd le Fyz Haim my fader name was. a 1300 Signa ante Judicium 179 in E. E. P. (1862) 12 Merci ihsu fiz mari. a 1300 CursorM. n879(Gott.) ‘ Fiz a putaines*, he said, * quat er 3e?’ 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. x. 311 ‘ Beau fitz’, qua)> b e fader, 1 we shullej> for defaute’. c 1435 Torr. Portugal 2098 Antony fice Greffown. c 1450 Merlin 299 Leff the lady, traitour fitz aputain ! c 1470 Harding Chron. ccxli. iii, Henry le Fytz Empryce. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. ix. Ded. 49 You shall be even in the language of the Apostle himself, Fitz-Dieu, A Son Of God. 18x4 Mrs. West Alicia de Lacy II. 92 The contentions of Henry Fitz-empress with Eleanora of Guienne. b. nonce-use. One whose surname begins with Fitz; i.e. an Irishman of Anglo-Norman extraction. 1848 Macaulay Hist. Eng. vi. (1858) II. 130 The Fitzes sometimes permitted themselves to speak with scorn of the O’s and Macs. II Fiumara (f»«ma/ra). [It.] A flooded river, a mountain torrent; also the dry bed left by it. 1820 T. S. Hughes Trav. Sicily II. x. 244 The road was no more than a fiumara, over which at this time a torrent from the melted snow was flowing. 1833 Newman Lett. (1891) I. 396 We passed various fiumaras .. dry, of course. 1859 R. F. Burton Centr. A/r. in Jml. Geog. Soc. XXIX. 104 The burns . ; descending from the upper heights form fiumaras of considerable extent. Five (feiv), a. and sb. Forms: 1-2 fif, 3-5 fif, (3 fifve, 4 fijf, fyf, 5 feyffe, fiffe), 3-4 south, vif, 2-3 south, vyve, 3-6 fyve, 7 Sc. fywe, 3- five. [Com. Teut. and Aryan : OE. fif\ inflected JiJe vyve), fif a, fijum (ME .Jiven, viven) = OFris. and OS. fif (Du. vijf ), OHG. JimJ J Jinf, funf (MHG. viinf \ mod.Ger. fiivf), ON. Jimm (Sw. and Da. Jem), Goth. OTeut. *Jimf(i pre-Teut. *pempe, modified by assimilation of consonants from OAryan *penqe , whence Skr. paiica , Lith. penk\ , Gr. 7 t€vt€, 7 ri/xtre, Lat. quJnque, OIrish coic, Gaulish pempe, OWelsh pimp (mod. Welsh pump).] The cardinal number next after four, represented by the symbols 5 or V. A. as adj. 1 . In concord with a sb. expressed. The Five points, {a) the principal points of controversy between the Calvinists and Arminians, relating to predes¬ tination, satisfaction, regeneration, grace, and final persever¬ ance ; (b) the reforms demanded by the ‘ People’s Charter * of 1838 (see Charter sb. 1 d). The Five Ports : the Cinque Ports. The Jive senses, wits : see the sbs. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xvi. 9 Ne geJjenceaS J>aera fif hlafa and fif Jnisend manna. ^1050 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) VIII. 298 Nim J?as an hund tida & J?as fif & wyre. fif dafcas. c 1250 Gen. <$• Ex. 746 Fif burges wer oor-inne bi tale, 5 er-fore it hi^te pentapolis. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7888 Ac }>e vif pors of engelond. 1340 Ayenb. 179 Vif hinges specialliche destorbep zo)?e ssriffhe. 1422 J. Yonge Priv. Priv. in Secrcta Secret. (E. E. T. S.) 180 If hou fynde noght flfyue vpberers hat be lykynge to he. 1631 Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 268 Lord Warden of the flue ports. 1845 Disraeli Sybil (1863) 182 The national petition .. praying the House to take into consideration the five points in which the working classes deemed their best interests involved; to wit, universal suffrage, vote by ballot, annual parliaments, salaried mem¬ bers, and the abolition of the property qualification. b. Phrases. To know how many (blue) beans make Jive (see Bean 6 d); + to come in with (one's) Jive eggs (see Egg sb. 4). 2 . With ellipsis of sb., which may usually be supplied from context. + A or 0 Jive , in five (parts): see A prepy 6. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxv. 2 Hyra fif waeron dysi^e, and fif gleawe. c 1205 Lay. 25891 paes bures dure he warp adun: fiat heo to-barst a uiuen. a 1225 Juliatia 71 Alle italde bitale seoue si< 5 e tene & forSre }et flue, a 1200 Moral Ode 28 in Lamb. Horn. 289 Betere his on ajmesse before hanne ben after vyue. c 1330 King of Tars in Eng. Stud. XI. 33 Him bou3t his hert is brast o flue. 1591 in Nichols Progr. Q. Eliz. III. 1x7 In this square they .. played, five to five, with the hand-ball. 1611 Bible Isa. xxx. 17 At the rebuke of flue, shall ye flee. 1823 Byron Jua?i x. xxxiii, Thermometers sunk down to ten, Or five, or one, or zero, b. esp. of the hour of the day, as Jive o'clock, etc. 1552 Huloet, Ffiue of the clocke, hora quinta. 1603 Shaks. Mens, for M. iv. ii. 127 Let me haue Claudios head sent me by fiue. 1737 Pope Hor. Epist. 11. i. 162 A sober Englishman would knock His servants up, and rise by five o’clock. 1842 Tennyson W. Waterproof i, How goes the time ? 'Tis five o’clock. 3 . Coupled with a higher cardinal or ordinal numeral following, so as to form a compound, (cardinal or ordinal) numeral. a 1000 Caedmon's Gen. 1131 (Gr.) Wintra hafde fif and hund-teontig. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 2530, I Nouembris moneS pe fif & twentuSe dai. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 3 Fyue and pritti schiren heo maden in Engelonde. 1535 Coverdale Josh. xiv. »o This daie am I fyue and foure score yeare olde. 1579 Fulke Heskins ’ Pari. 382 The fiue and twen¬ tieth Chapter proceedeth vpon the same text. 1610 Shaks. Temp. iii. ii. 16, I swam ere I could recouer the shore, fiue and thirtie Leagues off and on. 1786 Burns Cry to Scotch Represent, xxiv, Now, ye chosen Five-and-Forty, May still your mither’s heart support ye. 4 . = Fifth i and 2. c 1550 R. Wever Lusty Juventus in Hazl. Dodsley II. 94 Read the Five to the Galatians. 1660 Bloome Archit . B, The five part of one such part. B. as sb. 1 . The abstract number five. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. cxviii. (1495) 922 One done to foure makyth the seconde odde nombre, that is the nombre of fiue and hyghte Quinarius. 1876 Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) § 62 note, We say ‘ twice five is ten’. 2 . A set of five things, a. Cards and Dominos . A card or domino marked with five pips. 1674 Cotton Gamester vi. 80 The Deuces, Treys, Fours, and Fives. 1870 Hardy & Ware Mod. Hoyle 81 Suppose your hand consists of a four, five, and six of spades. Ibid. 95 The next player then plays f to the single five. b. Cricket. A hit for which five runs are scored. 1859 All Year Round No. 13. 306 The loose balls we hit for fours and fives. 3 . pi. + a. = Jive cards ; see C 2. 1674 Cotton Gamester 150 All-fours is play’d in Kent, and Fives in Ireland. b. The five fingers; also, bunch of Jives: the fist, the hand; to use (one's) Jives : to fight with (one’s) fists. A Jives (slang): a street fight (Farmer). 1825 C. M. Wf.stmacott Eng. Spy I. 290 With their bunch of fives. 1837 Dickens Pickiu. ii, Smart chap that cabman—handled his fives well. 1863 Reade Hard Cash xxxiv, Now look at that bunch of fives. c. (See Fives 2 .) 4 . fa. pi. Five-penny nails, b. pi. Gloves, shoes, etc., of the fifth size. c. Short for Jive-potind note. d. pi. Short for Jive-per-cents. a. 1629 MS. Acc. St. John's Hosp. Cajitcrb., For one hundred of flues and one hundred of sixes, xj d. b. 16. . Description of Lo^te (1629) / loued a Lasse, Her wast exceeding small, The fiues did fit her shooe. Mod. What size gloves does she take ? Fives. C- 1837 Dickens Pickw. ii, Want change for a five. i860 F. W. Robinson Grandmother's Money II. iv. iii. 290 I’ll bet ten to one in fives upon it. d. 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair xx, Look .. what the French fives were when I bought for the account. C. Comb . 1 . a. Combined with sbs., forming adjs., as Jive- act, -bar, -card, -day, - guinea , - minute, -pound , -storey, -wheel, -year-old. 1882 L. Tennyson in Daily News 10 Oct. (1892) 2/2 The contrast of action that can be provided in a busy *five-act tragedy full of incident. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 37 p 2 [She] moves as if she were on her Nag, and going to take a *Five-Bar Gate. 1823 Byron Juan viii. Iv, So was his blood stirr’d .. As is the hunter’s at the five-bar gate. 1870 Hardy & Ware Mod. Hoyle 81 No hand in * five- card cribbage can be made to count so many. 1850 Mrs. Browning Poems I. 256 God’s *five-day work he would accept. 170 6 L of id. Gaz. No. 4208/3 A Purse, with 3 *Five- Guinea Pieces. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch <5- Clockm. 224 *Five minute repeaters give after the hour the number of five minutes past it. 1691 Lond. Gaz. No. 2626/4, 100/. in Old Gold and *Five Pound Pieces. 1806 T. S. Surr Winter in Lond. III. 255, I have inclosed you a five pound bank note. 1887 Roy. Proclam, in Standard 18 May 3/2 Every Five pound Piece should have .. our effigy. 1679 Exec. Bury 6 Four *Five-shilling pieces they will afford for Fifteen shillings good Money. 1870 Ramsay Remin. vi. (ed. 18) 202 He dropped .. a five-shilling-piece. 1769 St. James' Chron. 10-11 Aug. 3/4 *Five-year-olds p st. 1892 Daily Ne'ivs 26 Feb. 5/7 Taylor saw Robinson pick up a five-year- old girl. b. In parasynthetic adjs. with suffix -ED 2 , as Jive-barred, - beaded\ - cornered, -foiled, -lobed, -pointed, -rayed, -toed, -toothed. 1733 Swift On Poetry 15 A founder’d horse will oft debate Before he tries a *five-barr*d gate. 1820 Clare Rural Life (ed. 3) 177 The five-barr’d gate with ease they leap. 1864 Tennyson Aylmer's Field 186 The tender pink ^five-beaded baby-soles. 1483 Cath. Angl. 132/2 *Fyve cornerd, pentagomim. 1658 Sir T. Browne Card. Cyrus iii. The circular branches of the Oak .. five-cornered in the tender annual sprouts, i860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. vi. vii. § 13 The *five-foiled star. 1823 Crabb Techn. Diet., *Five-lobed, quinquelobatus. 1777 Pennant Zool. IV. 54 Asterias [Beaded] .. smooth above the aperture; below FIVE. 267 FIX. *five-pointed. 1802 Bingley Anim. Biog. (1813) III. 43? The. .*five-rayed star-fish. 1854 Owen in Circ. Sc. (c 1865) II. 82/1 The *five-toed or pentadactyle structure. 1877-84 F. E. Hulme Wild FI. p. vii, Calyx tubulate, *five-toothed. C. In parasynthetic sbs. with suffix -er 1 (chiefly colloq.), denoting individuals of a certain rank or size, as five-boater, -master, -rater. 1887 Pall Mall G. 25 July 2/1 The iron-sheathed five- masters the Agincourt and the Minotaur. 1889 Century Did., Five-boater , a whaling-vessel carrying five boats; a large whaler. 1892 Daily News 24 May 2/6 The new Gosport five-rater. d. Comb, in advbl. sense ( = in five parts) with pa. pples., imitating scientific L. words with quinque- or quinqui-. 1823 Crabb Techn. Did ., Five-cleft, quinquefidus. Ibid. Five-parted, quinquepartitus. 2 . Special comb., as five-acre, a piece of land consisting of five acres ; + five-cards (see quot.); five-corner(s (Austral.), the fruit of Styphelia triflora , or the plant itself; + five-double a., (a) five-fold; (b) consisting of five twice over; also adv. ; five-finger exercise, a piece of music written for the purpose of affording practice in the movement of the fingers in pianoforte playing; five-finger-tied a. (nonce-wd.), ?tied with all the fingers of the hand; five-foot = Five-finger 2; five-lined a ., consisting of or marked with five lines, esp. of a parliamentary f whip’ with five underlinings to denote urgency; five-maled a., nonce-wd. having five male organs or stamens, pentandrous; Five-mile Act, an act passed in 1665 forbidding Non-conformist teachers who re¬ fused to take the non-resistance oath, to come within five miles of any town, etc.; five-per- cents., stock or shares paying five per cent, interest on their nominal value ; f five-piece, a five-pound piece; five-score, rarely used for ‘ a hundred’ (Shaks.); five-stroke (Billiards), a stroke by which five points are scored; five-yearly a., cele¬ brated every five years, quinquennial. Also, five- o’clock (see A. 2 b), used attrib. in five-o’clock tea (colloq. shortened a five-dclock). 1863 Tennyson Gi'andfather xx, Harry is in the *five- acre. 1674 Cotton Gamester 123 *Fiye Cards is an Irish ame. .There are but two can play at it, and there are dealt ve cards apiece. 1888 Boldrewood Robbery under Arms xxxiii, You won’t turn a *five-corner into a quince, .dig and water as you like. 1552 Huloet, *Ffyue double, quincuplex . 1591 Sylvester Du Bartas 1. ii. 1103 O fair, five-double Round. 1594 2nd Report Dr. Faustus xxviii in Thoms Prose Rout. (1828) III. 103 Every archer being five double furnished. 1606 Shaks. Tr. fyCr.v. ii. 157 And with another knot *fiue finger-tied, The fractions of her faith, .are bound to Diomed. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), *Five-foot [printed foor] or Star-fish. 1659 Torriano, Stellione, the star-fish, or *five-foot-fish. 1787 Sir J. Hawkins Johnson 418 Roubi¬ liac called for paper, and scored thereon a few *five-lined staves. 1884 L'pool Mercury 18 Feb. 5/6 The following five-lined whip .. has been issued to members, a 1794 Sir W. Jones Tales (1807) 171 This *five-mal’d single-femal’d flow’r. 167^ Marvell Reh. Transp. 1. Wks. (Grosart) III. 224, I thought he deserved to be within the ‘ *five-mile Act', and not to come within that distance of any corporation. 1689 Apol. Failures Walkers Accus. 24 Five-mile-Acts. 1872 Ld. Shaftesbury in Hodder Lipe{iS86) III. 307 *Five o’clock tea, that pernicious, unprincipled and stomach-ruining habit. 1882 Wore. Exhib. Catal. iii. 4 Five o’clock tea sets in fine porcelain. 1886 Punch 16 Jan. 36/2 Ladies invite their friends to ‘ a five-o'clock’. 1667 Pepys Diary 21 Sept., This day also came out first the new *five-pieces in gold, coined by the Guiny Company. 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair xx ii, ‘ How well he made that *five stroke, eh?’ 1618 Bolton Floras 11. vii. (1636) 114 This proclamation was made .. at the Quinquennal, or *five-yeerely playes. + Five, Obs. [f. prec.] a. In the game of Five-cards: To five it (see quot.). b. trans. (nonce-use.) To count by fives. 1674 Cotton Gamester xiii. 123 Before you play, ask whether he will five it, if he speaks affirmatively turn up the next Card of the Pack under that first turn’d up, and that must be trumps; if not play it out. 1769 R. Wood Ess. Homer , Lang. 4* Learning , When therefore I say that he pived them I take the liberty of coining a word., cor¬ responding precisely with the old Greek term [neixna.m), a. and quasi- jA Sc. Also 4 fiff-sum. [f. Five + -some.] Five in all, five together. 1375 Barbour Bruce vi. 149 Fiff-sum in the furd he slew. ?i6. . Ballad, Kinmont Willie 11 They guarded him five- some on each side. + Fi*V6-SC|Tiare, Ct. and sb. Obs . [f. Five after the logically correct four-square ; cf. three- square .] A. adj. Having five (equal) sides ; equilaterally pentagonal. 1552 Huloet, Ffiue square, quinquangulus. 1560 Bible (G enev.) 1 Kings vi. 31 The vpper poste & side postes were fiue square. 1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden lxiii, The seed-vessel, when it is ripe is formed five square. 33 . sb. A (regular) pentagon. 1587 Golding De Momay xv. 241 A fiuesquare conteineth both a Fowersquare, and a Triangle. Hence Fi’ve-squared ppl. a. = Five-square A. 1535 Coverdale 1 Kings vi. 31 He made two dores .. with fyue squared postes. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 7 The twygges [of Broome] are roughe and fiuesquared, Fi:ve-twe’llty. US. Used attrib. in Five- twenty bonds (or shortly five-twenties), certain bonds issued by the U.S. government in 1862, 1864, and 1865; so called from being redeemable at any time after five years from date of issue and payable in full at the end of twenty years. 1886 in Webster Suppl. Fivety, obs. form of Fifty. Fix (fiks), sb. See also Fixes, [f. the vb.; the senses have no mutual connexion.]. 1 . (orig. U.S.) A position from which it is diffi¬ cult to escape a ‘tight place’; a difficulty, dilemma, predicament. 1839 Marryat Diary Amer. Ser. i. II. 166 The Ameri- cans are never at a loss when they are in a fix. 1842 Bar¬ ham Ingot. Leg., St. Medard, A Stranger there, Who seem’d to have got himself into a fix. 1854 E. Forbes Let.fi Wilson and Geikie Lipe xiv. 532 The Scottish au¬ thorities have run me into a fix. 1873 Black Pr. Thule vii. 101 And is this the fix you wish me to help you out of? 2 . The material used for lining a puddling-fur¬ nace ; fettling. 1871 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Eng. I. 327 In puddling 30 per cent, less ‘ fix ’ was required. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss. 35 Fettle or line with a fix or fettling, consisting of ore scrap and cinder. + Fix, a. (and adv.). Obs. [ad. L. fix-us, pa. pple. of figere to fix, fasten ; the immediate source may have been OY.fix (13th c. in Iiatzf.). Cf. mod. Y. fixe (16th c. in Littre), Sp .fijo (earlier fixo ), Pg. fixo. It .fissoi] A. adj. = Fixed in various senses: a. As ap¬ plied to the stars, b. Firmly placed or settled; not easily moved; not liable to fluctuation or change, c. Of a substance : Not volatile. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus 1. 298 His fixe and depe impres¬ sion. C1391 — Astrol. 11. § 3 heading. The sterres fixe. C1430 Lydg. Min. Poems 235 With eye fyx looke on his visage, c 1449 Pecock Repr. 393 Curatis .. schulden haue a stable fix endewing of lyflode. c 1532 Dewes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 1054 All the starres fixe. 1660 tr. Paracelsus ' Archidoxes 1. x. 142 Take then the fix Element that re¬ mained after the separation of the Three Imperfect Elements. 1673 Phil. Trans. VIII. 5188 Those Salts being rendered so fix, that by a gentle fire they are not so much as at all moved. 33 . adv. Fixedly, steadily. 1601 T. Wright Passions (1621) 305 Why cannot many abide that you looke fixe in their eies. Fix (fiks), v. Pa. t. and pa. pple. fixed (fikst). [Ultimately f. L. fix-us (see Fix a.), pa. pple. of figere to fix, fasten. The proximate origin is un¬ certain; it may have been an Eng. formation on 34-2 FIX. 268 FIX, Fix a., or ad. med.L. fixare or F. fixer (if the latter existed in 15th c.; Hatzf. quotes Montaigne C1590 for the earliest known use). Cf. Sp . fijar (earlier flxar), Vg.fixar, It .fissare. The earliest recorded use is * to fix (one’s eyes) upon an object’; this is the oldest and still the most prominent application of the corresponding verb in Italian, and it appears in Du Cange's only example of med.L. fixare. The use in alchemy is nearly as old in Eng.; it is found in the Romanic langs. and in the med.Lat. writers on alchemy (e. g. R. Lulli Ep. ad RobertumX While in Romanic the verb has only the senses derived from L. fixus , it was in Eng. taken as the representative of L. figere , superseding the earlier Ficche, and (in some applications) Fast and Fasten 7 tbs.] I. To make firm or stable. 1 . trans. To fasten, make firm or stable in posi¬ tion ; to place, attach, or insert and secure against displacement. Const, in, on, to , etc. To fix bayonets (Mil.): to attach them to the mouth of the musket or rifle. 14.. Songs fif Carols 15th C. (Percy Soc.) vi. 6, I thou3t in mynd I schuld ay fynd The wehle of fortunat fyxyd fast. 1489 Barbour's Bruce (Edin. MS.) x. 402 Thair ledderis ..maid ane clap, quhen the cruchet Wes fixit {older text festnyt] fast in the kyrnell. 1548 Hall Citron. 160 His head to be fixed on a poole. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 213 The Bats .. hang .. (by clawes fixed to their wings.) 1659 B. Harris ParivaVs Iron Age 39 The Forts .. could not .. hinder them from fixing their cluches in the flat country. 1665 Hooke Microgr. Pref. Fij, Fixing both the Glass and Object to the Pedestal. 1694 Ace. Scv. Late Voy. 11. (1711) 5 We fixed our Ship with Ice-hooks to a large Ice-field. 1772 Franklin Exper. Wks. 1887 IV. 509 I11 Philadelphia I had such a rod fixed to the top of my chimney. 1842 Tennyson Gardener's Dan. 126 Holding the bush, to fix it back, she stood, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xxvii. 210 The last stake being fixed, the faces of the men were turned homeward. 1892 Lain Times Rep. LXV. 582/1 The posts of the gantry stand on planks, and are fixed thereto by iron dogs and dowels. + b. To fix the foot or footing ; to obtain or take a sure foothold, lit. and fig. Obs . (Cf. Fasten v. i, and Lat. figere gradum.) 1583 Stanyhurst Aeneis hi. (Arb.) 89 He stutted, apaled ; And fixt his footing. 1607 Shaks. Cor. 1. viii. 4 Fix thy foot. 1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. 11. 98 The more weary [the Oxe] is, the more strong doth he fixe his foot¬ ings. 1654 tr. Martini s Conq. China 52 The Tartars could never fix a foot in China. 1681 Dryden Sp. Friar 1. i, I’ll plant my colours down In the mid-breach, and by them fix my foot. + c. To affix (a seal), attach (a codicil) to. Obs. 1568 Grafton Citron. II. 173 All the Nobilitie of Scotland ..entered into bond..whereunto were fixed their severall seales. Ibid. 434 To be fixed as a Scedule to his last will and testament. 1776 Trial of Nundocomar 24/2, I have seen him. .wet two. .papers, and fix his seal to them. d. In immaterial sense; To attach firmly; to implant securely (principles, etc.). a 1533 Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. xxxviii. (1539) 70 As sone as the goddes haue gyuen theim a doughter, forthwith they ought to fyxe in theyr hartes a newe remem- braunce. 1672 J. Lacy Dumb Lady To Rdr., You are fixed to the freehold never to be parted. 1712 Budgell Sped. No. 319 P4, I resolved .. to fix his Face in my Memory. 1789 XV. Buchan Dom. Med. (1790) 25 Early application .. often fixes in the mind an aversion to books. 1855 Bain Senses 4 * Int. hi. i. § 5 While the mind is elsewhere, there is no progress in fixing them [lessons]. e. To ‘ fasten * (an imputation, responsibility, etc.) on a person. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) Ded. A iij b, The worst Reproach, Malice .. can fix upon your Name. 1694^^. Sweden 90 The Odium, .was easily fix’d upon the Ministers. 1744 Berkeley Siris § 353 It will not seem just to fix the imputation of Atheism upon those philosophers. 1809 Scott Fatn. Lett. 10 Sept. (1804^ I. 148 Ellis fixes on me an article about Miss Edgeworth s Tales. f. intr. for reft. To become firmly attached or implanted ; to adhere to. lit. and fig. ? Obs. 1682 D’Urfey Butler s Ghost 159 For, salve the matter how you will, I fix to my Narration still. 1715 Desaguliers Fires Impr. 43 They pass over them, without fixing to them. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) VII. 299 Pre¬ judices in disfavour, of a person at his first appearance, fix deeper, .than prejudices in favour. 2 . To secure from change, vacillation or wander- ing; to give stability or constancy to (the mind, thoughts, affections, purposes). 1604 Shaks. Oth. v. i. 5 Thinke on that .. fixe most firme thy Resolution. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 11. xi. §3 Images are said by the Roman church to fix the cogitations .. of them that pray before them. 1642 Fuller Holy <5- Prof. S. hi. xxi. 212 A constant impression of Gods omnipresence is an excellent way to fix mens souls. 1793 Object, to War Examined 4- Refuted 37 What other system is likely to fix your fluctuating opinions ? 1851 Dixon IV. Penn xvii. (1872) 143 At length his mind began to fix itself. 1875 McLaren Serm. Ser. 11. vii. 120 Thy tremulous and vagrant soul shall be braced and fixed. b. To make (a person) constant in attachment. Const, to, in. ? Obs. 1710 Prideaux Orig. Tithes Reasons for Bill 7 They are seldom well fixed to Virtue and sober Behaviour. 1738 Johnson London 145 How .. Can surly virtue hope to fix a friend? 1747 * n Col. Rec. Pennsylv. V. 153 To improve this favourable opportunity for fixing these Indians in the English Interest. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones xvm. xii, Can the man who is in possession of these be inconstant? Im¬ possible !. .they .would fix a Dorimant. 1796 Jane Austen Pride $ Prcj. vi, If a woman conceals her affection, .from the object of it, she may lose the opportunity of fixing him. c. To settle immovably the purpose or convic¬ tion of (a person). Const, to with inf.; also on, for, against. Now only in passive. 1671 Milton Samson 1481, I am fixed not to part hence without him. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 126 They challenge, and encounter Breast to Breast; So fix’d on Fame. 1700 — Fables, Ceyx 4- Alcyone 48 If fate has fix’d thee obstinate to sail. 1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome iii. 50 Marcus was fixt upon taking him. 1766 Franklin Let. Wks. 18.87 456 The ministry are fixed for us. 1856 Darwin in Life <$• Lett. (1887) II. 68 ,1 am fixed against any periodical. t d. With complement : To render unchangeably (so and so). Obs. 1726 W. R. Chetwood Adv. Boyle fy Castelman 59 This Interview had fix’d my Heart intirely hers. 1744 S. Fielding David Simple (ed. 2) I. 44 The Girl was commanded.. to re¬ ceive him in such a manner, as to fix him hers. 1777 Hist. Eliza Warzuick I. 238 That important one [sc. day] which fixed me wretched for ever. 3 . To direct steadily and unwaveringly, fasten, set (one’s eyes, attention, affections, etc.) on, upon, + to (an object). c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems 35 Hyr eyen she fixethe on him. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas, xxx. xix, Specially I gyve to you a charge To fyxe your love, for to be true and stable Upon your lady. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI 1. ii. 5 Why are thine eyes fixt to the sullen earth? 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 44 Could but these Idolaters fix their mind upon Heaven. 1709 Berkeley Th. Vision § 83 The more we fix our sight on any one object. 1792 G. Washington Lett. Writ. 1891 XII. 197 The enemy’s attention would be less fixed to it. 1802 Mar. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. viii. 60 The hand, upon which every eye was fixed. 1866 J. Martineau Ess. I. 173 We fix attention on a single fundamental problem. b. absol. To concentrate one’s attention or mind on. Also intr. for refl . (said of the eyes, atten¬ tion, etc.). 1663 Gerbier Counsel E vijtf, You..could not suffer your Eyes to fix on slight objects. 1690 Locke Hum. Una. in. vi. § 28 In most other bodies, not propagated by Seed, ’tis the Colour we most fix on, and are most led by. 1760 Johnson Idler No. 97 P 7 He will find nothing [in these books] on which attention can fix. c. Of an object of vision or thought; To 1 rivet’, attract and hold fast (the eye, the attention, etc.). 1752 Hist. Jack Connor I. 231 The Major gave a loud Hem, and having fix’d Sangfroid’s Eyes, call’d out, [etc.] 1781 J. Moore View Soc. It. (1790) I. xl. 437 Your admi¬ ration is fixed by the animated equestrian statue. 1792 C. Smith Desmond I. 53 There is not in the world another [subject] that really fixes my attention an instant. 1823 Byron Island iv. vii, A shrine would fix The eye upon its seeming crucifix. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. II. xlvi. 206 That which chiefly fixes his attention is the influence of a State Victory«on an approaching national contest. d. To make (the eyes, features, etc.) motionless or rigid (as in death). Also intr. for refl. 1821 Shelley Prometh. Unb. 1. 600 Fix those tortured orbs in peace and death. 1842 Punch II. 20 Ere death her charms should fix. 1877 W. G. Wills Love that Kills xxi. Her heart stops, and her eyes fix. e. To make (a person) motionless with astonish¬ ment or other feeling, to hold spellbound. 1664 J. Wilson A. Comnenius 1. i, She fixt me, Ducas. *795 Fate of Sedley II. 76 Paulinus was fixed in astonish¬ ment. 1802 Helen of Glcnross IV. 18 At the first view of her I was fixed in admiration. 4 . a. trans. To deprive of volatility or fluidity. Orig. in Alchemy , to fasten a volatile spirit or essence by combination with a tangible solid or fluid ; also, to render (mercury) solid by combination with some other sub¬ stance. 1460-70 Bk Quintessence 15 Also it is needeful J?at he vse ofte good wiyn at his mete and at \>e soper, in }>e which be fixid \>z 5 essence of gold as I tau3te 30U to. 1471 Ripley Comp. Alch. Ep. in Ashm. (1652) 115 Dyssolve, Dystill, Sublyme .. and Fyxe, With Aquavite. 1698 Fryer Ace. E. Ind. P. 53 The Earth .. penetrating the rarified Cuticle, fixes the Humours by intercepting their free con¬ course. 1700 Astry tr. Saavedra-Faxardo I. 42 He will have a fancy to fix Mercury. 1702 C. Mather Magn. Chr. 11. vii. (1852) 145 The animal spirits are .. fixed with acid, bilious, venemous ferments in the blood. 1727 Fielding Love in Scv. Masques v. x, Women, like quicksilver, are never fixed till they are dead. 1805 Chenevix in Phil. Trans. XCV. iii Mercury can be fixed, .by platina. 1885 Hervey tr. Behrens' Microsc. in Bot. iii. § 4. T78 The cell wall .. becomes rigid, and the protoplasm with slight con¬ traction is * fixed'. b. intr. for refl. To lose volatility or fluidity; to become firm, rigid, or solidified ; to congeal, set. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 847 The Quicke-Siluer will fix, and runne no more. 1715-20 Pope Iliad v. 1114 When the fig’s press’d juice, infused in cream, To curds coagulates the liquid stream, Sudden the fluids fix. 1777 Robertson Hist . Amer. (1778) I. iv. 328 The blood fixes and congeals in a moment. 5 . trans. To make (a colour, a drawing, photo¬ graphic image, etc.) fast or permanent. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 79 Colours..capable of being..fixt with several kinds of Saline menstruums. 1750 Franklin Let. Wks. 1887 II. 170 This color, given by the flash from two jars only, will wipe off, but four jars fix it. 1845 Athenaeum 22 Feb. 203 The first who succeeded in fixing the images taken by the camera. 1859 Gullick & Timbs Paint. 316 There is no satisfactory method of ‘ fixing ’ pastel paintings. 1875 tr. Vogels Chart. Light i. 6 No means were then known to make the pictures durable .. or as we now say, to fix them. fb. To set down in writing (F .fixer par ^crif). 1630 Capt. Smith Trav. Ded. Wks. (1884) 808 Sir Robert Cotton. .requested me to fix the whole course of my passages in a booke. 1656 North's Plutarch, Add. Lives 76 The Laws, .(on Paper fixt).. pass the Seas. c. To give permanent form to (evanescent images). a 1834 Lamb Acting of Munden O for the power of the pencil to have fixed them when I awoke ! 6. a. To force into or overtake in a position from which escape is difficult; to ‘ corner ’, 1 nail \ lit. and fig. 1736 Lediard Life Marlborough 406 It was his opinion.. that they should fix the Rebels at Preston. 1741 Richard¬ son Pamela (1742) III. 371 As I entered one Room he went into another. .At last I fixed him speaking to Rachel. b. To hold (a person) engaged or occupied, so as to prevent his leaving the spot. 1668 Ethekedge She Would if She Could 1. ii, When Mr. Courtal has fixed ’em with a beer-glass or two, he intends to steal away. 1764 Foote Patron 1. Wks. 1799 I. 334 Fix the old fellow so that she may not be miss’d. c. To fix (a person) with ones eyes ; to direct upon him a steady gaze from which he cannot escape. Cf. F .fixer avec Tceil, condemned by Littre as incorrect. 1792 Mad. D’Arblay Diaiy 27 June, Mrs. Wells .. fixed her eyes on Mrs. Crewe. .Mrs. Crewe fixed her in return.. with a firm, composed. .look. 1879 F. W. Robinson Co'ioard Consc. iii. xix, Ursula .. ‘fixed’ Mrs. Coombes with a steady, searching stare. 1894 Mrs. H. Ward Marcella I. 142 Marcella fixed him with her bright frank eyes. d. Of the eyes: To arrest (an object of vision) with the gaze, i.e. to have a steady vision of it. 1791 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 4 Jun. (1842) V. 211 His eyes . .could not fix any object steadily. + 7 . To transfix. [After L. figere.] Obs. rare m ~ 1 . 1638 G. Sandys Job xx. in Divine P .27 While from the raging sword he vainely flyes, A Bow of Steele shall fixe his trembling thighes. II. To place definitely. 8. To place in a definite and more or less per¬ manent position ; to set, station. To fix up ; to set up. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 18 The Citizens .. fixed on his grave stone this Epitaph. 1633 M arm ion Fine Companion iii. ii, Were I a goddess .. I would .. fix you up A monu¬ ment for your hypocrisy. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 8 The Pole-star, .is .. fixt in the tip of the little Beares taile. 1653 Walton Angler i. 7 Hee shall finde it fix’d before the Dialogues of Lucian. 1674 Dryden s Mall Ded. Wks. 1884 VIII. 508 The Glory I take in seeing your Name fixt in the Frontispiece. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W.xv i, It [a picture] was so very large that we had no place in the house to fix it. 1768 Sterne Sent. Journ. (1778) II. 199 The beds .. were fixed up .. near the fire. 1796 T. Twining Trav. Amer. (1894) 3 The dining-table was fixed in the middle of the room. b. To place, install (a person, oneself) in a position, with preparations for a stay; in early military use, + to set (oneself) in a posture of de¬ fence. To fix (a person ) up (colloq.): to * put (him) up ’, provide with quarters. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. 5 We .. fixt ourselves against our Enemies, if we should be attack’d. 1825 Scott Fain. Lett. (1894) II. 349 After he has had his umbrella and port¬ manteau accommodated, and himself comfortably fixed [in a coach]. 1867 Trollope Chron. Barset I. xxxvi. 316 She fixed herself at her desk to write her letter. 1889 Mrs. C. Praed Rom. of Station 161 He’d..fix up Mr. Sabine coin- fortably for the night. c. To establish (a person) in a place of residence, a position or office; to take up (one’s quarters, abode); to locate, settle (an industry, etc.) in a certain place. In passive , to be (comfortably or otherwise) * placed ’ or circumstanced. 1638 Sir H. Wotton in Four C. Eng. Lett. 54 In any part where I shall understand you fixed. 1659 F. Harris Parival's Iron Age (ed. 2) 1. xv. 27 John Calvin, .fixed his Chayre at Geneva. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 353 Noah .. fixed his Quarters somewhere in Mergiana. 1677 Yarranton Eng. Improv. 134 Here this Trade of making Mum may be fixt with very great advantage. 1694 Dryden Love Triumphant Ep. Ded., Our decay’d Gentry .. look about them for some illustrious Family, and there endea¬ vour to fix their young Darling. 1702 C. Mather Magn. Chr. iv. (1853) II- 10 Conforming to the ceremonies of the church of England, he was fixed at Bid.diford. 175 Hist. Young Lady of Distinction II. 214 He is fixing himself, as if he was to live here for ever. 1759 Robertson Hist. Scot. I. 11. 145 They determined to fix their residence at Edin¬ burgh. 1803 Southey in Robberds Mem. IV. Taylor I. 475 We are fixed here for some time. 1844 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. V. 1. 282, I am happy to see them all comfortably fixed. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 39 The Hanse. .fixed their factories in Lisbon, Bergen, and Novogorod. 9 . intr. for refl. To settle, take up a position; esp. to settle permanently, take up one’s abode. 1638 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 102 Bidding farewell to the world .. [he] fixes at Zirmol. 1710 Steele Tatler No. 263 r 4 The Dinner has crept .. from Twelve o’clock to Three, and where it will fix no Body knows. 1737 Whiston Josephus'' Antiq. xvm. vi. § 5 Those [Governors] are not to fix there, but to stay a short time. 1760 Goldsm. Cit. W. xxv. tp 7 Wherever luxury once fixes, no art can either lessen or remove it. 1796 Jane Austen Pride Of Prej. (1885) I. vi. 21, I had once some thoughts of fixing in town. 1801 Southey Thalaba vi. xiii, The solitary Bee .. Seeking in vain one flower, whereon to fix. 1862 T. L. Peacock Wks. (1875) III. 300 Well, let us fix here. 10 . To take up one’s position mentally. ? Obs. 1623 Massinger Dk. Milan 11. i, Take heed That you fix here, and feed no hope beyond it. 1646 H. .Lawrence Comm. Angels 170 Your hope fixeth upon seeing him.in heaven. 1655 Nicholas Papers (Camden) 11 .332 Mats Dieu FIX. 269 sur tout ; and there I fix and pray. 1757 Chesterf. Lett. IV. cccxxi. 94, I am lost in astonishment and conjectures, and do not know where to fix. b. To fix on or upon : to settle one’s choice on or upon ; to decide upon, choose, select. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto s Trav, Ixxvi. 311, I was nomi¬ nated unto him as the fittest he could fix upon. 1712 Pope Vertumnus 82 Of all these lovers. .Fix on Vertumnus and reject the rest. 1823 H. J. Brooke Introd. Crystaliogr. 229 Our choice would probably fix on that which was most predominant. 1855 Costello Stor. Screen 74 The night which Lalqubiere fixed upon for the carrying out of his plot. c. To decide, determine to (do something); also const, for with gerund, or with subord. sentence. 1788 Trifler 206 He fix’d to come with some eclat to Town. 1794 Miss Gunning Packet IV. 35 They fixed for oing to the parsonage early the next morning. 1813 outhey Nelson I. 132 It was immediately fixed that the brigadier should go. 1834 Keble in Card. Neioman's Lett. (1891) II. 23, I have fixed to go to London next week. 1866 Times 29 Dec. 10/3 The lady had entirely fixed to lead a life of celibacy. 11 . To appoint or assign the precise position of; to refer (something) to a definite place, time, etc.; t to appoint or attribute exclusively to (some par¬ ticular person, thing, etc.). 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. 1. v. § 1 [The ancients had various estimates of the length of the year;] what certainty can we possibly have which of them to fix their accounts to? 1692 Locke Educ. §.15 When Custom has fixed his Eating to certain stated Periods, his Stomach will expect Victuals at the usual Hour. 1737 Johnson in Boszue 11 (1791) I. 52 Here will I fix the limits of transgression. 1776 T. Jefferson Let. Writ. 1893 II. 88 The commissions .. do not fix the officers to any particular battalion. 1790 Paley Horae Paul. ii. n We have these circumstances each .. fixed to a particular time. 1874 Newman Tracts Theol. <$• Eccl. 340 The full moon is not fixed to any certain day in either month. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 271 Wherever we fix a limit, space is springing up beyond. b. To allocate, determine the incidence of (a responsibility, liability, etc.). Also, To fix (a person) with costs, liability , etc.: to impose upon him the obligation of meeting or paying them. 1833 Ld. Brougham in Mylne & Keen Rep. II. 248 No degree of mistake .. would entitle the Court to fix a next friend with costs. 1850 Florist June 159 Take care to fix your judges with the full responsibility of their decisions. 1884 Sir J. Bacon in La7u Times' Rep. LII. 568/2 The liability with which the plaintiffs seek to fix them. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. III. lxxxvi. 151 The American plan of dividing powers, .makes it hard to fix responsibility. 12 . To settle definitely; to appoint or assign with precision; to specify or determine. Const. at, for, to. 1660 R. Coke Power <$• Subj. 134 After some reasonable time fixt. 1694 Molesworth Acc . Denmark 223 The prices of all these Drugs are fixed, a 1715 Burnet Own Time II. 303 What definition or standard should be made for fixing the sense of so general a term. 1719 Free-Thinker No. 120 P 6 The ordinary Meetings of the Senate, .were fixed to the Day of the Calends. 1739 Chesterf. Wks. (1892) V. 500 Chronology .. fixes the dates of facts. 1769 Goldsm. Rom. Hist. (1786) I. 319 He afterwards fixed the price of corn to a moderate standard. 1772 Franklin Wks. (1887) IV. 431 The opening of the session, .is fixed for next Tuesday. 1821 Southey Life (1849) I. 42 This recollection .. fixes the date to 1778, when I was four years old. 1825 Scott P'am. Lett. 13 May (1894) II. 265 Mr. Chantrey .. has been down here fixing the place for the King’s statue. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 5 The War Office authorities have fixed the daily supply.. at 8 gallons. 1876 Gladstone Homeric Synchr. 9 An endeavour to fix the place of Homer in History. absol. 1748 in Sir J. Picton L'pool. Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 167 To paint an Altar Piece in such scripture-historical manner as the said Committee shall fix. 13 . To settle or determine the form of, give a permanent form to (language or literature). 1712 Swift Proposal 31 That some Method should be thought on for ascertaining and fixing our Language for ever. 1752 Hume Ess. <5* Treat. (1777) I. 223 Eminent and refined geniuses .. fix the tongue by their writings. 1837 Hallam Hist. Lit. I. iii. 1. § 57. 241 The use of printing fixed the text of a whole edition. 1874 Maurice Friend - ship Bks. iii. 75 It [Wycliffe’s Translation of the Bible] has fixed the language. 14 . a. To adjust, make ready for use (arms, in¬ struments, etc.) ; to arrange in proper order, + To fix a shell : to fit it with a fuse. Also with up. 1663 Pepys Diary 12 July, I found, .the arms well fixed, charged, and primed. 1666 Earl Orrery State Papers (1743) I. 241 We have in every garrison one gunsmith .. who buys arms for us, and fixes them up privately. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. iii. 45 We went back, .to fix our Rigging, which was shattered in the Fight. 1701 Farquhar Sir II. Wildair 11. i, Are all things set in order? the toilet fixed, the bottles and combs put in form? 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1776.) Dd, No shells, fixed during the service, are to be kitted. 1779 Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 287, I thought it a good oppor¬ tunity to fix my german flute. 1797 Washington Let. Writ. 1892 XIII. 417 To have the press fixed for copying. b. In wider sense (chiefly U.S. colloq .) : To arrange, get ready, put in order; to put to rights, make tidy, ‘ rig up \ Also with up. To fix out, ‘to set out, display, adorn, supply, fit out’ (Cent.) [1769 Bickerstaff Dr. Last 11. vii, We’d fix things directly; I’ll settle whatever you please upon her.] 1832 Macaulay Life 4 * Lett. (1883) I. 272 As soon as I was fixed in my best and had breakfasted. 1839 Marryat Diary Amer. Ser. 1. II. 228 ‘Shall I fix your coat or your breakfast first?’ 1842 Dickens Amer. Notes (1850) 101/2 You are advised to have recourse to Doctor so and so, who will ‘ fix you 1 in no time, i860 O. W. Holmes Elsie V. (1887) 77 Come here, girls, and fix yourselves in the glass. 1882 Mrs. A. Edwards Ballroom Repent. I. 4 None of the physicians in Europe can fix her up. 1884 Miss Wilkins in Harper's Mag. July 304/2 I’ll hev to fix me up some thoroughwort tea. 1891 B. Harte First Family of Tasajara ii, Mother’ll fix you suthin’ hot. c. U.S. To fix it : to arrange matters. Any way you can fix it : whatever you do, contrive as you may. To fix (< another's ) flint\ to settle or ‘do for’ him. 1840 Haliburton Clockm. Ser. iii. xii, Their manners are rude .. They want their flints fixed for ’em. 1843 — Sam Slick in Eng. I. ii, A wet day is considerable tiresome, .any way you can fix it. 1859 O. W. Holmes Prof. Brcakf-t. i. (1891) 15 If you can’t fix it so as to be born here [Boston], you can come and live here. d. U.S. 6 To make favourable to one’s purposes ’ (Bartlett), to ‘ square ’. 1886 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 15 July, An organized attempt is being made to fix the jury. Ibid. 24 Aug. 4/3 Fixing Legislatures. 15 . (See quot.) 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., Fix , to fettle or line with a fix or fettling, .the hearth of a puddling furnace. Fixable (fi'ksab’l), a. Also 5 fixabull, -ibill, 8-9 fixible. [f. Fix v. + -able.] Capable of being fixed : in various senses of the vb. In quot. i486 = Fitche {Her.) i486 Bk. St. Albans , Her. C ij b, Hit is calde a cros patee fixible. 1648 W. Mountague Devout Ess. 1. ix. § 2 Since they cannot then stay what is transitory, let them attend to arrest that which is fixable. 1785 Phil. Trans. LXXV. 370 The stock K is to slide in a rebated .. groove AD, and be fixable to any part thereof by the screw O. 1796 Hist, in Ann. Reg. 49 The highest extent .. was fixable by the magistrate. 1817 Coleridge Biog. Lit. 76 The chemical student is taught not to be startled at dis¬ quisitions on .. latent and fixible light. 1837 Carlyle P'r. Rev. (1857) !• i* 1. ii* 7 For ours is a most fictile world. .A world not fixable. b. Capable of being made non-volatile. \ Fix- able air ; carbonic acid gas. 1766 Lee in Phil. Trans. LVI. 100 The quick-lime, attracting fixable air, was reduced. 1794 Sullivan View Nat. 1 . 267 The air in animals is mostly inflammable, but that in vegetables fixible. 1887 Sat. Rev. 8 Jan. 65 Sub¬ stances .. which have a .. fixable odour. + Fi’xal, a. (and sb.) Her. Obs. Also 5 fixiale. [f. L.fix-us Fix a. + -al 1.] (See quots.) i486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. B j b, Fixall in armys is calde the thirde degre by the right lyne from the right heyre by line male. Ibid. B ij, The bastarde of the fixiales. 1586 Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 1. 255 The fourth coat-armor perfect.. is called Fixall [p. 250 arma fxa]. This did alwaies belong to that personne, which was the next of the third , degree, to the right heyre male. Fixate (frksc't), v. [f. L. flx-us (see Fix a.) + -ATE 3 .] 1 . trans. To fix; to render stable. 1885 Mind'X. 560The percipient, .often judges on general grounds without laboriously fixating the sensation. 1887 Science 16 Dec. 293 To fixate and hold one sensation is an art that must be learned. 2 . intr. To become fixed* 1888 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. I. 506 Some subjects fixate first and then the eyes close, or are closed by the operator. Fixation (fiks. 388 Et si ad le wenne (fex wex) an col derere.) c 1460 J. Russell Bk. Nu?‘ture 444 In J>e nek ]>e fyxfax ]>at J>ow do away, [c 1500 Fr.-Eng. Glossary (Harl. MS. 219, f. 150) in Promp. Parv. 388 Le vendon , the fax wax.] 1691 Ray Creation (1714) 157 Which aponeurosis is taken notice of by the vulgar by the name of Fixfax—or Packwax. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1756) I. 317 The Fix-fax of the Neck. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Fixfax. 1878 Cumbrld. Gloss., Ficfac, fig-fag. t Fi’X-fax. 2 Sc. Obs. rare ~ l . [Onomatopoeic; the reduplication expresses hurried and repeated movements; cf. Fidfad, Ger .fickfack, etc.] ‘ Hurry, the middle of any business * (Jam.). 1768 Ross Hclenore 11. 326 When the’re just i’ the fix fax o’ their din. Fixial(e : see Fixal Her. Fixidity (fiksrditi). Now rare, [badly f. Fix a. or Fixed fpl. a ., after fluidity = Fixity. R. cites an example from Boyle's Works (1772) III. 78, where the orig. reading is fixity: see Fixity i quot. 1666. 1762 tr. Busching's Syst. Geol. I. 45 Copper retains its fixidity the longest in the fire next to Iron. 1778 W. Pryce Min. Coj-nub. 1. iii. 51 Quicksilver .. has every property of Metal except fixidity. 1872 W. F. Butler Great Lone La?id xiii. (1875) 198 Assuming greater fixidity of purpose. + Fi'xily, a. Her. Obs. App. = FiTCHE. i486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. B iij b, Of theym [croslettis] ther be iiij dyuerse. .Cros fixyly, Cros paty [etc.]. Fixing 1 (frksiq), vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -INCJ b] 1 . The action of the verb Fix in various senses. Also with advbs., as fixing out, zip; and ge- rundially with omission of in. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 11. xxii. § 14 The fixing of the good [hours of the mind] hath been practised by two means: vows .. and observances or exercises. 1666 Earl Orrery State Papers (1743) L 251, I find multitudes of arms are fixing amongst the Irish gunsmiths. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789) D d, The filling and fixing of the shells. 1792 in Picton L'pool. Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 267 To superintend the fixing up of the said figure. 1817 Keats Lett. Wks. 1889 III. 53 Another reason of my fixing is, that I am more in-reach of the places around me. 1883 Mrs. Rollins New Eng. Bygones 157 For the daughters .. table-linen and bedding were to be stored away for their fixing out. b. Photogr. The process of rendering (a nega¬ tive, etc.) permanent; concr. that which fixes. 1853 Family Her. 3 Dec. 510/2 In the next operation, the fixing, it will become much lighter, c 1865 J. Wylde in Circ. Sc. I. 146/1 Hyposulphite of soda is largely prepared for photographic ‘fixing’. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. III. 65 For the fixing of the image we should recommend the use of a dipping bath. c. A method or means of fixing, rare. 1660 Jer. Taylor Duct. Dubit. 11. ii. I. 360 [The Jewish feasts] were .. only .. fixings of their thoughts, apt to wander to the Gentile Customes. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. 121 To cut the rock ..so as to get a firm fixing for our work. 2 . concr. a. In pi. (orig. U.S.) Apparatus, equip¬ ment ; trimming of a dress; the adjuncts to any dish, garnishing. Also {Australian slang), strong liquor (Barrere and Leland 18S9). 1827 J. F. Cooper Prairie I. ii. 30 ‘Your fixen seem none of the best for such a calling.’ 1839 Marryat Diary Amcr. Ser. 1. II. 228 White wheat and chicken fixings. 1842 Dickens Amer. Notes (1850) 101/1 Said my opposite neigh¬ bour, handing me a dish of potatoes, .‘will you try some of these fixings?’ 1851 Mayne Reid Scalp Hunt, ii, Delicious frog ‘ fixings ’. 1855 Browning Men <$• Wom., Bp. Blo7tgram's Apol. 212 Neat ship-shape fixings and contrivances. 1861 Lowell Biglow P. Poems 1890 II. 230 We don’t make no charge for the ride an’ all the other fixins. 1882 B. Harte Flip ii, He’s, .lost his rod and fixins. b. =Fix sb. 2. 1874 in Knight Diet. Mech. I. 874/2. 3 . a/lj'ib. and Comb., as fixing process, solution (Photogr.) ; fixing-bath, (a) Photogr., the bath in which a developed negative or positive is plunged in order to fix it ; ( b ) Tanning (see quot.). 1868 M. C. Lea Photogr. 35 The negative ^fixing-bath consists of a strong solution of hyposulphite of soda. 1885 C. T. Davis Manuf. Leather xxxix. 601 [The tanner] pre¬ pares a new liquor termed the ‘fixing-bath’, consisting of water sufficient to cover the skins [etc.]. ^1865 J. Wylde in Circ. Sc. 1 .141/2 The ^fixing process is intended to dissolve away that portion of the silver salt which has not been acted on by the light. 1872 W. F. Stanley Photogr. 21 The quantity of ^fixing solution required will be in proportion to the number of prints to be fixed. Fi’xing, ppl. a. f + -ing 2 .] That fixes. (Often difficult to distinguish from the vbl. sb. used attrib. : see prec. 3.) 1641 French Distill, i. (1651) 10 By the adding of some fixing thing to it [any volatile body]. 1873 Hamerton Intell. Life x. x. 387 The gradual fixing power of habit. + Fi *xion. Obs. [ad. med.L. fixion-em, d. of action f. L. figere to Fix. Cf. OF. fixion.] = Fixation 3. 1555 Eden Decades 340 This is a token of purenesse and fixion. 1605 Timme Quersit. 1. xiv. 67 A propertie belonging to the most fixed salts, and a token of their assured and most constant fixion. a 1631 Donne Serm. (1640) lxiv. 648 There must be a Fixion, a settling thereof, so that it shall not evaporate into nothing. Fixion(e, obs. forms of Fiction. 1599 Thynne Animadv . 32. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. i5 2 - FIXITY. 271 FIZZLE. Fixity (frksiti). [ad. assumed L. *fixitdtcm , i.ftxus : see Fix*?, and -ity. Cf. Fr.fixitp.] The quality or condition of being fixed. 1 . Originally spec, in Physics : The property of en¬ during heat without volatilization or loss of weight. 1666 Boyle Orig. Formes 282 So much do the Fixity [ Wks. 1772 III. 78 fixidity] and Volatility of Bodies depend upon Texture. 1757 Walker in Phil. Trans. L. 129 This cremor was found to have a great degree of fixity. 1811 Pinkerton Pctral. II. 220 Tartarin, notwithstanding its fixity, is .. found in soot. 1826 Faraday Exp . Res. xxxii. 205 Retaining them in a state of perfect fixity. 2 . gen. The condition of not being liable to dis¬ placement or change ; stability or permanence in situation, condition, or form. 1791 Hamilton Berthollet's Dyeing I. 1.1. ii. 40 The oxyd of tin.. increases the brightness and fixity of several [colours]. 1807 W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. V. 575 The translation of the Bible..gave fixity to the tongue of the new religion. 1858 Froude Hist. Eng. III. xvii. 525 The unbending fixity of a law of nature. 1877 C. O’Neill in Encycl. Brit. VII. 579/1 The aniline purples .. are only fitted for use where great fixity is not demanded. 1885 Chitty in Law Times Rep. LI I. 690/1 Irresolution and want of fixity of purpose. b. Fixity of tenure : the condition of having a fixed, permanent tenure. 1844 Miss M. Hennell Social Syst. 82 The expediency of giving fixity of tenure to the tillers of the soil in Ireland. C. concr. Something fixed. 18x7 Coleridge Biog. Lit. I. 296 Fancy, on the contrary, has no other counters to play with, but fixities and definites. Fixive (fi'ksiv), a. rare- 1 . [Lat. type *fixivus f. figere to Fix.] Adapted to fix, tending to fix. (Cf. Fixative). a 1834 Coleridge Biog. Lit. (1847) I. 322 App., When it acts as a Solid, .it exerts the same fixive power. + Fixly, adv. Obs. [f. Fix«. + -ly 2 .] = Fixedly. 1591 Sylvester Du Bartas i. v. 583, I know thy constant sight Can fixly gaze against Heav’ns greatest Light. 1604 T. Wright Passions iv. ii. § 4. 132 To stare fixly vpon one ..commeth from blockishnesse, as in Rustickes. t Fixnet. Obs. rare — 1 . ? A swaggerer (other edd. published in the author’s lifetime read Thraso). 1583 Stubbes Ana/. A ins. C iij, [Silks, velvets, etc.] may be worne .. of the nobylity .. but not of every proud fixnet ipdifferentlie. Fixture (fi’kstiur). [Altered form of Fixure, after the analogy of mixture.'} 1 . The action of fixing ; the process of fixing or settling, or of becoming fixed or settled. ? Obs. 1598 Shaks. Merry IV. m. iii. 67 The firme fixture [so F. 1 and Q. of 1630; the later Ff. have fixure] of thy foote, would giue an excellent motion to thy gate. 1791 Smeaton Edystotie L. § 277 Employed in fixing and com¬ pleting the fixture of the iron-work. 1797 Washington Let. Writ. 1892 XIII. 430 We must .. yield to the time she requires to prepare for her fixture here. 1817 G. S. Faber Eight Dissert. (1845) II. 202 The ultimate fixture of the sacred floating island appears in the greek legend of Delos, b. The condition of being fixed ; fixedness, fixity. 1809-xo Coleridge Friend (1818) III. 235 It was the Roman instinct to appropriate by conquest and to give fix¬ ture by legislation. 1850 L. Hunt Autobiog. II. xv. 167 They [Wordsworth’s eyes] were like fires half burning, half smouldering, with a sort of acrid fixture of regard. C. concr. A means of fixing or setting fast. 1791 Smeaton Edystone L. §223 Two Lewis holes upon the upper surface of each stone, those served as temporary fixtures for the work of the succeeding course. 2 . Anything fixed or securely fastened in position; anything made firm, stable, or immobile. 1812 Coleridge in Southey Omniana II. 17 Features, which are looks become fixtures. 1831 De Quincey Dr. S. Parr iii. Wks. 1862 V. 139 Even the most absolute fix¬ tures (to use that term) in an English structure, must often be unsettled, .in a thoroughly Latin composition. 1841-44 Emerson Ess., Circles Wks. (Bohn) I. 125 There are no fixtures in nature. The universe is fluid and volatile. 1858 Glenny Card. Every-day Bk. 125/1 The side cloths are in some Tulip-houses fixtures. 1878 Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. civ. 5 The earth, .remains as stable as if it were a fixture. b. U.S. in pi. Appendages, apparatus , 6 fixings \ 1854 Bartlett Mex. Boundary I. ii. 12 The blacksmiths .. were employed in making many small fixtures to the wagons. 1874 Coues FieldOrnith. 1. vi. 41 When travelling your fixtures must ordinarily be limited to a collecting-chest. 3 . Law. In plural, ‘Things of an accessory cha¬ racter annexed to houses or lands, which become, immediately on annexation, part of the realty it¬ self 1 (Wharton Law Lex.). 1758 Gray Let. to Wharton 21 Feb., I am much puzzled about the bishop and his fixtures. 1770 Junius Lett, xxxvi. 179 Tenants, who have had warning to quit .. destroy the fixtures. 186x Kent Comm. (1873) II. xxxv. 345 The right to what are ordinarily called fixtures or articles of a personal nature affixed to the freehold. 1882 E. Robertson in Encycl. Brit. XIV. 274/2 In respect of fixtures, .the tenant may some¬ times remove them. transf. x786 89 Bentham Whs. (1843) II. 542 Glelae ascriptitii, fixtures to the soil on which they are born. 4 . A person or thing permanently confined to or established in a particular place or position. X788 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 6 Nov., Miss Goldsworthy was a fixture at her side. 1812 Byron Ch. Har. 11. App. Dj, All the Franks who are fixtures, and most of the English .. etc. of passage, came over .. to their opinion. 1818 Hazlitt Eng. Poets v. (1870) 128 His sentiments have very much the air of fixtures. 182X Ticknor Life , Lett. # Jrnl. (18^8) II. ix. 162 Mrs. Grant .. from age and its infirmities .. is a fixture. 1889 Lowell Lett. (1894) II. 376 We have • .an American circus that seems a fixture. 5 . Athletic and Sporting, rarely Commercial. An appointment or date for a meet, race, etc.; hence, the meet, race, etc. itself. Also attrib .fixture-card. 1825 Sporting Mag. XV. 346 Appointments have been substantiated into fixtures. 1826 — XVIII. iii Owthorpe —not the fixture of that name in Nottinghamshire. 1862 ‘Scrutator’ (Horlock) Country Gentleman 146 Our next fixture is made already for Frampton Wood. 1869 Times 26 Feb. 10/2 Fixtures of the principal .. yachting clubs. 1882 Daily News 4 Mar., Bristol Wool Fair and the opening of the Colonial sales in London. These important ‘fixtures’ had been looked forward to. 1886 Cycl. Tour. Club Gaz. May 173/1 A neat fixture card from the Dublin. .Club. Fixure (fi’ksiiu). Obs. or arch. See Fixture. [ad. late L. fix lira, f. figere to Fix]. Fixed condition, position, or attitude; fixedness, stability. 1603 Drayton Bar. Wars. 1. xxxiii, This dreadfull Commet .. Whose glorious fixure in so faire a sky Strikes the beholder with a chilly feare. 1606 Shaks. Tr. <$* Cr. 1. iii. 101 Rend. .The vnity. .of States Quite from their fixure [Ff. 3 and 4 fixture]. 1611 — Wiut. T. v. iii. 67 The fixure of her Eye ha’s motion in't. 1648 W. Montague Devout Ess. 1. vi. § 3. 62 The unfaithfulnesse of all materiall goods, in point of duration and fixure. 1680 Hon. Cavalier 7 Those Wandring Stars who have no Fixure from Heaven. 1753 Gray s-Inu Jrnl. (1756) II. No. 53 The Fixure of her Eyes, and Feebleness of her whole Person. 1817 Coleridge Lay Sermon in Ch. <$* St. (1839) 404 The very habit and fixures . . that had been impressed on their frames by the former .. winters. Fizenless, fizzenless, obs. ff. Foisonless. Fizgig, fisgig (fi'zgig). Forms: 6 fisegig, fysgygge, 6-7 fisgigg, 7 fisguigge, 9 fizzgig, 6- fisgig, 7- fizgig. [A compound of Gig, which had the senses: 1. frivolous person (Chaucer); 2. whipping-top (Shaks.); the first element is ob¬ scure, but may perh. be identical with Fise. The Sxviss-Ger.fisigugg, foolish busybody, can hardly be connected. Sense 3 seems to have been suggested by that of Fizz without regard to the second element. Sense 4 was app. taken from Sp. fisga harpoon.] 1 . A light, frivolous woman, fond of running or 1 gadding 1 about; = Gig. a 1529 Skelton Elinour Rumming 538 Than sterte forth a fysgygge, And she broughte a bore pygge. 1596 Gos- son Pleasant Quippes for Gentlewomen 13 When you looke for praises sound, Then are you for light fisgiggs crownde. 1611 Cotgr., Trotiere , a raumpe, fisgig. 1656 S. Holland Zara (1719) 140 A Fis-gig, a fiurt, a fickle .. foolish Female. 1872 Browning Fifne xxxiii. 46 In short, prefers to me. .this fizgig called Fifine ! 1877 N. W. Line. Gloss., Fizgig , an ugly woman; a woman dressed in a strange or unbecoming manner. 2 . (See quots.) 1656-81 Blount Glossogr., Fizgig [1681 Fisgig'] is a kind of Top, which boyes play with. 1883 Hampsh. Gloss., Fiz-gig, a whirligig ; a round piece of iron or brass, ser¬ rated at the rim ; through two holes near the centre, a piece of whipcord is passed. When set in motion by the twisting of the string, either in the air or in water, it makes a whizzing, hissing, or fizzing noise. 3 . A kind of firework; a squib. 1644 Nye Gunnery 11. (1647) 9 1 How to make Fisgigs, which some call by the name of Serpents. 1668 J. White Rich Cab. (ed. 4) 87 The serpents or fisgigs are made about the bignesse of ones little finger, by rowling a paper upon a small rowler. .and choaking the paper coffin an inch from the end, then fill it three inches with powder dust. 1886 Dowden Shelley I. vii. 306 Fiery fizgigs in the hands of a pair of gleeful boys. 4 . A kind of harpoon. Perverted into Fishgig. The Gig which appears in this sense from 18th c. is perh. a shortened form. 1565 J. Sparke in Hakluyt Voy. III. 520 Those bonitos .. being galled by a fisgig did follow our shippe.. 500 leagues. 1668 D. Smith Voy. Constantinople in Misc. Cur. (1708) III. 31 A Fisgig, a kind of barbed Iron, at the End of a Pole tyed fast to a Rope. 1798 Acc. Bhs. in Ann . Reg. 460 Spears, fizgigs, or other articles. 5 . In various senses suggested by the grotesque sound of the word or by association with Fizz : a. A piece of tawdry finery, a gim-crack. b. A silly notion, anabsurd crotchet, c. To makefizgigs: app. some drawing-room pastime (perh. in sense 2). 1822 Southey in Q. Rev. XXVIII. 26 Modes of devotion, with their outward and visible signs..the banderoles, and humgigs, and fizzgigs of superstition._ 1824 Blachw. Mag. XVI. 287 You soon take a fine fizgig into your head. 1825 T. Lister Granby viii. (1826) 104 The Miss Cliftons. .were always au courant du jour .. were the first who made fizgigs, or acted charades. Hence + Fi'zgig* v. intr to run or gad about. 1594 Nashe Vnfort. Trav. 32 Why should I goe gadding and fisgigging after firking flantado amphibologies? Fizz, fiz (fiz), sb. colloq. Also 8 phiz. [f. next vb. Cf. the earlier Fise.] 1 . A hissing sound. 1842 S. Lover Handy Andy i, Every fizz it [the soda- water] made. 1855 O. W. Holmes Poems 177 No rub¬ bing will kindle your Lucifer match If the fiz does not follow the primitive scratch. 1870 Thornbury Tour Eng. II. xxx. 268 A palpable devil, .flew off in a fizz of fire. 2 . a. A disturbance, fuss. a 1734 North Exam. 1. ii. § 83 (1740) 74 What a Phiz of a Scandal is here upon the King. 1804 Tarras Poems 107 ‘Douce wife’, quoth I, ‘what means the fizz?’ b. Animal spirits or ‘ go *. 1856 Mrs. Stowe Dred I. xvii. 235 Just enough fizz in her to keep one from flatting out. 1884 Pall Mall G. 2 Apr. 5 Mr Little has fizz and go enough to make excellent capital out of a broomstick. 3 . concr. Something that fizzes; an effervescing drink, esp. champagne. 1864 Punch XLVII. 100 We. .ordered some fizz. 1879 E. K. Bates Egyptian Bonds II. ix. 226 Let’s have a bottle of fiz, old fellow. Fizz, fiz (fiz), v. [Echoic; cf. Fizzle vi] intr. To make a hissing or sputtering sound. 1685CROWNE Sir Courtly Nice iii, I kiss’d all the wenches as I came along, and made their moyst lips fiz again. 1687 Cotton Burlesque upon B. (ed. 2) 136 Thou oft hast made thy fiery Dart Fizz in the hollow of his heart. 1786 Burns Scotch Drink 57 O rare ! to see thee fizz an* freath I’ th’ lugget caup. 1827 Praed Red Fisherm. 213 And the water fizzed as it tumbled in ! 1839 Marryat Diary Atner. Set*. 1. I. 286 Some black fellow, .brings out the leather hose, .and fizzes away with it till the stream has forced the dust into the gutter. 1861 Hughes Tojh Brown at Oxf. v. (1889)38 His host put the kettle on the fire., and then, as it spluttered and fizzed, filled up the two tumblers. b. To move with a fizzing sound. 1864 Reader 3 Dec. 707/2 The bluebottle, .fizzes fussily into some poor man’s cottage. 1880 Sir S. Lakeman What I saw in Kaffir-Land 48 Up and down the lines he used to fizz with his fat podgy legs. c. trans. {causal.) 1665 Cotton Scarron. /En. iv. 80 There will I stand with flaming taper, To Fizze thy tail instead of paper. Hence Fi’zzing vbl. sb. 1842 C. Whitehead R. Savage (1845) II. iv. 217 Such a roaring, and fizzing, and chuckling. 1877 Wraxall Lingo's Miserables iv. xxv. 15 The children heard the phizzing of a match. Fizzen, var. of Foison. Fizzer (fi*za.i). [f. Fizz v. or sb. + -er b] 1 . slang. Anything excellent or first-rate. 1866 Lond. Misc. 19 May 235/2 If the mare was such a fizzer why did you sell her? 1889 Boldrewood Robbery under Arias (1890) 318 That was a regular fizzer of a spree. 2 . — Fizz sb. 3 ; attrib., as fizzer-man, - brigade. 1894 Wesltn. Gaz. 11 Sept. 3/2 I may explain that the ‘ fizzer-man ’ is a species of camp-follower who. .takes every opportunity of disposing of his wares, consisting generally of sherbet-and-water. In hot weather Tommy Atkins patronises the fizzer brigade very largely. Fizzing (frzii)), ppl. a. [f. Fizz v. + -ing 2 .] 1 . That fizzes. 1841 S. C. Hall Ireland I. 71 Endeavouring to divert the attention from the fizzing train, i860 Sala Lady Chesterf. v. 76 He always associated that fizzing, . wine with Jacobin¬ ism. 1877 M. M. Grant Sun-maid viii, A shining salver bore a small fizzing urn. 2 . slang. First-rate, excellent; chiefly quasi-^z/. 1885 Daily Tel. 1 Aug. 2/2 ‘She’ll do fizzing’, remarked Mr. Menders, ‘to stick up at the end of the barrer.’ Fizzle (fi •z’l), sb. [f. next vb.] 1 . The action of breaking wind quietly. 1598 Florio, Sloffa, a fizzle, a fiste, a close farte. a 1700 B. E. Did. Cant. Crew, Fizzle , a little or low-sounding Fart. 1739 R. Bull tr. Dedekindus' Grobianus 208 Now let a Fizzle steal in Silence forth. 1836-48 B. D. Walsh Aristoph. Knights n. iv, And then in court they poisoned one another with their fizzles. b. The action of hissing or sputtering. 1842 Barham Ingold. Leg., Auto-da-Fe, Whose beards .. Are smoking, and curling, and all in a fizzle. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xiii. 118 The chicken and ham had a cheerful and joyous fizzle in the pan. 2 . A failure or fiasco; U. S. college slang , a failure in recitation or examination. 1846 Vale Banger 10 Nov. in Hall Coll. Words <$• Cust. (1851) 130 To get just one third of the meaning right con¬ stitutes a perfect fizzle. 1884 L'pool Daily Post 13 Sept. 5/7 The affair will be a simple fizzle. Fizzle (fi’z’l), v. Also 6 fysel(l, 7 fisle. [f. Fise : see -le. Cf. also Fizz and Fissle.] •f* 1 . intr. To break wind without noise. Obs. c 1532 Dewes Intro:/. Fr. in Palsgr. 957 Uencr to fysel. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 286 As for Onopordon, they say if Asses eat thereof, they will fall a fizling and farting. 1711 E. Ward Quix. I. 415 He gap’d and fizzl’d twice or thrice. 1739 R. Hull tr. Dedekindus' Grobianus 268 To fart and fizzle in the Time of Need. b. quasi -trails, (with cognate obj.) 1721 D’Urff.y Two Queens Brentford Epil., I fizzle such small puffs of Wind. 2 . intr. To make a hissing sound; to hiss or sputter (as a wet combustible, or a fire-work). 1859 All Year Round No. 36, 222 The black oil fizzles. 1881 Daily Nev.'s-j Nov. 5/1 Unambitious rockets which fizzle doggedly downwards. 3 . fig. a. intr. (chiefly U. S. colloq.') To fail, make a fiasco, come to a lame conclusion ; in U. S. college slang, to fail in a recitation or examination. Also, to fizzle out. b. Irons. U.S. college slang. To cause (a person) to fail in examination, or the like. 1847 Yale Banger 22 Oct. in Hall Colt. Words k Cust. (1851) 130 My dignity is outraged at beholding those who fizzle and flunk in my presence tower above me. 1850 I ale Lit. Mag. XIII. 321 Ibid. 131 Fizzle him tenderly. Bore him with care. 1878 Cumbld. Gloss., Fizzle , to work busily but ineffectively. 1884 Melbourne Punch 4 Sept. 98/2 Another of Mr. Mirams’ pet fads has fizzled ignominiously out. 1893 Sat. Rev. 11 Nov. 538/2 A general recognition by the Chicagoans that their show had to some extent fizzled. Hence Fi zzling vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 1616 B. Jonson Devil an Ass v. iii, It is the easiest thing, Sir, to be done As plain as fizzling. 1638 Brome Antipodes FIZZLER. 272 FLACK in. iv, Fah on your passages, Your windy workings, and your fislings at The barre. 1758 Gray Lett. Wks. 1884 II. 368 That old fizzling Duke is coming here again. 1815 tr. Paris Chit-Chat ( 1816) II. 22 The fizzling of the bacon she was frying. 1893 A. Walters Lotos Eater vii. 157 The more complicated set pieces..lay in a fizzling, sputtering, snorting heap. Fizzle, var. of Fissle. t Fizzler. Ohs. [f. prec. + -erU] One who fizzles or breaks wind without noise. 1582 MS. Cott. App. xlvii. (Fenton’s Voyage) f. 36 A fyzeler. 1611 Cotgr., Venneur , a fizzler, or fyster. Fizzy (fi’zi) a. rare~ x [f. Fizzv. + -y 1 ]. Given to fizz. In quot.yf^. 1855 Sat. Rev. 17 Nov. 45/2 It is a very good article, this rollicking, noisy, nzzy letter. || Fjeld (fyeld). [a. Norw.yM/:— ON. flail: see Fell sb.] An elevated rocky plateau, almost de¬ void of vegetation. i860 Gosse Rom. Nat. Hist. 51 The wildest and most barren of those snowy fjelds. 1882 Three in Norway vii. 53 We rambled on across the fjeld. Fjord, var. of Fiord. Fla, var. of Flo, Obs., an arrow. Fla, obs. form of Flaw sb. 1 , Flay, Flea. Flab (flash), sb. dial. Also^-flap. [f. onomato¬ poeic stem Jlab, expressing the notion of something thick and broad; cf. flap, dab, slab.] (See quot. 1825). ? x8.. Receipts in Cookery 45 (Jam. Suppl. 1825) To make Catchup. Gather your large flabs, cut off the root ends, and take off the rough skins; knock them to pieces; and put them in an earthen j'ar [etc.] a 1825 Forby Voc. E . Anglia , Flaps pi. large broad mushrooms. t Flab, v. Obs. [Onomatopoeic; cf. Flap v.] trans. To flap (the wings). 1765 Girton Compl, Pigcon-flancier 107 The smiter,.has a particular manner of falling and dabbing its wings. t Fla'bberdega sky, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [var. of Flabbebgast v.] 1822 New Monthly Mag. IV. 37 I lay like a log, Quite flabber-de-gasky'd, as sick as a dog! Fla'bbergast, sb. ? Sc. rare. [f. next; for the sense cf. ‘ flabrigast to gasconade. Perthshire ’ (Jam.).] Bombast. 183. Fraser's Mag. IV. 161 The ‘ Asiatic style of oratory* with, .its meretricious flabbergast,—its diluvial verbiage. Flabbergast (flse'bajgast), v. colloq. Also 8 flaba-, 9 flaber-. [First mentioned in 1772 as a new piece of fashionable slang; possibly ofdialectal origin ; Moor 1823 records it as a Suffolk word, and Jamieson, Suppl. 1825, has flabrigast to gas¬ conade, flabrigastit worn out with exertion, as used in Perthshire. The formation is unknown ; it is plausibly conjectured that the word is an arbitrary invention suggested by Flabby or Flap and Aghast.] trans. To put (a person) in such confusion that he does not for the moment know what to do or say ; to astonish utterly, to confound. 1772 Ann. Reg. 11. 191 On New IVords, Now we are flabbergasted and bored from morning to night. 1801 Mar. Edgeworth Angelina iv. (1832) 77 They quite flab¬ bergasted me. 1840 Disraeli 15 July in Corr. w. Sister (1886) 158 My facts flabbergasted him. 1878 Mozley Ess. Hist. (V Theol. I. 89 It perfectly flabbergasted the Commons. Hence ria bberg-asta tion, the action of flabber¬ gasting; the state of being flabbergasted. 1856 Punch 13 Dec. XXXI. 240/1 We scarcely remember to have ever seen any respectable party in a greater state of fiabbergastation. Flabbiness (flse-bines). [f. next + -ness.] The state or condition of being flabby, flaccidity. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Flabbiness , limberness with Moisture, Staleness, &c. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) II. 197 The fat, and the flabbiness of that, seems to give an appear¬ ance of softness. 1834 Brit. Husb. I. 140 A certain want of spirit and flabbiness of flesh. 1856 G. Meredith Shav. Shagpat 370 The lion came trundling along in utter flabbi¬ ness, raising not his head. b. In immaterial things: Want of vigour, feeble¬ ness, laxness, slackness. 1883 Solicitor s Jrnl. 24 Nov. 63/1 The practice of the courts, .has. .tended to establish a general vagueness and flabbiness. 1889 H. F. Wood Englishman of Rue Cain i, Weakness of character, or flabbiness of intellect. Flabby (flse •bi), a. [An onomatopoeic modifi¬ cation of the earlier Flappy ; the voiced ending in flab- as compared with flap - gives to the syllable a feebler effect suited to the meaning. Cf. Du. flabberen (of a breeze) to flutter; Sw. dial, flcibb the hanging underlip of an animal. With sense 2 of. slab by.’] 1 . Hanging loose by its own weight, yielding to the touch and easily moved or shaken, flaccid, limp, soft; said chiefly of or with respect to flesh. [1598, see Flappy.] 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, in. 780 His flabby Flanks decrease. 1740 E. Baynard Health (ed. 6) 10 Loose and flabby, wrinkled skin. 1752 H. Walpole Corr. (1837) !• 163 The town is empty, nothing in it but flabby mackerel. 1766 Smollett Trav. 165 Ducks..very fat and flabby. 1813 J. Thomson Led. Inflam. 545 Her tongue had become yellow, swollen, and flabby. 1858 Holland Titcomb's Lett . vi. 58 Their muscles are flabby. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 111. iii, This flabby lump of mortality. 2 . Of language, character, etc.: Weak, wanting * back-bone ’; nerveless, feeble. 1791 Boswell Life Johnson (1831) IV. 356 note, Garrick, after listening to him for a while .. turned slily to a friend, and whispered him, ‘What say you to this?—eh? Flabby, I think.’ 1855 Sat. Rev. 10 Nov. 35/2 Flabby hebdomadal drivel. 1861 Ibid. 14 Dec. 596 The flabby talk of people who are expressly told to keep their minds clear of all knowledge of the principles which it involves. 1864 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. IV. xii. viii. 181 An indolent flabby kind of creature. 1880 Standard 22 Dec., Flabby logic like this. 3 . Damp, clammy. C1780 M. Monsey Let. to Mrs. Montague in J. C. Jeafireson Bk. about Doctors II. 87 How do you stand this flabby weather? 1849 Dickens Dav. Copp. (C. D. ed.) 157 There was a flabby perspiration on the walls. Hence Fla-bbily adv ., in a flabby manner. 1846 Worcester Flabbily , in a flabby manner. 1856 G. Meredith Shav. Shagpat 325 His tawny skin hung flabbily and his jaw drooped. + Flabel, sb. Obs. Also 6 flable. [ad. L. flabcll-um fan, dim. of *flabrum, pi. fldbra gusts of wind, {.flare to blow.J a. A fan. b. Entom., in grasshoppers (see quot. 1658). 1552 Huloet, Flable and fanne idem. 1570 Levins Manip. 56 A F\abe\, flabellum. 1628 Venner Tobacco (1650) 402 The lungs which are the flabel of the heart. 2658 Rowland Moufet's Theat . Ins. 992 They [Grashop- pers] sing not with their mouth, .but by the reverberation of a little membrane under the flabells ; (so they call those two coverings behinde the hinder thighs cleaving to the bellyk 1656-81 Blount Glossogr ., Flabel , a Fan. t Flabel, v. Obs. rare— 1 , [f. prec. sb. Cf. OY. flabeller, ad. late L .fldbelldre.] trans. To fan. *653 Urquhart Rabelais 1. xxxix. 176 It is.continually flabbell’d [ = Fr. events blown upon, and aired by the north winds. Flabellate (flabe'Dt), a. Bot. and Zool. [f. ’L.flabell-um (see Flabel) +-ate 2 .] Like a fan in form, fan-shaped. 1819 G. Samouelle Entomol. Compend. 197 Rhipiphorus .. antennae pectinated or flabellate. 1853 G. Johnston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. I. 214 The branchlets. of the Elms [are] alternate zigzag, and flabellate. 1856 W. Clark Van der Hoeveris Zool. I. 235 Branchiae two flabellate. Flabellation (flEebel^jan). Surg. [a. Y.fla- bellation, n. of action f. L. fldbelldre to fan, f. fld- bellum fan.] The action of fanning. 1658-78 Phillips, Flabellation a fanning with a Fla¬ ble or fan. 1884 Syd. Soc. Le.v., Flabellation the act of fanning, employed to keep injured parts and the dressings covering them cool. FlabeTli-. combining form of L. flabellum fan, used to indicate a fan-like form or arrange¬ ment, as in flabellifoliate, flabellinerved adjs. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. iii. § 4. 92 Flabellinerved, where straight nerves and ribs radiate from the apex of the petiole, as in Fan-palms. 1884 Syd. Soc. Le.x., Flabellifoliate having leaves which fold like a fan, as those of Oxalis acetosella. Flabelliform (flabedif^im), a. Bot. and Zool. [f. L .fldbell-um fan + -(1)form.] Having the form of a fan, fan-like. 1777 Miller in Phil. Trans. LXVIII. 179 A palm with flabelliform leaves. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. II. 295 Antennse flabelliform or pectinated. 1861 Hulme tr. Mo- quin-Tandon 11. vii. 408 They have an anterior flabelliform filament. 1880 C. & F. Darwin Movem. PI. 206 The branches are flat, or flabelliform. II Flabellum (flabe'lzhn). PI. flabella (erro¬ neously -i). \L. flabellum fan : see Flabel sb.] 1 . A fan; applied esp. to a fan carried in reli¬ gious ceremonies. 1875 Maskell Ivories 91 The bishop's pastoral staff, again, has not dropped out of use like, .the flabellum. 1889 C. D. Bell Winter on Nile xvi. 154 Officers wave round the shrine flabella and fans. 2 . Science. A fan-shaped part of anything. 1867 J. Hogg Microsc. 11. i. 270 The frond consists of olive-coloured irregularly-divided flabelli. + Flaber, a. Obs. rare— 1 . [Cf. Flab sb.] ? = Flaberkin. 1687 Mrs. Behn Lucky Chance 11. i, There’s no other way of quenching the fire in her flaber chops. t Fla bergu:dgion, fla:berguTlion. Obs. [The assonance of these forms with Clappebdud- geon, Slobberdegullion (also slabber-), and the similarity of sense, suggest that they may either be variants of one word, or at least belong to the same group of experiments in the invention of grotesque words.] (See quots.) 1611 Cotgr., Baligaut , an unweldie lubber .. mishapen lowt, ill fauoured fiabergullion. Ibid., Trainquenaillcs, scoundrells, ragamuffins, base rascalls, flabergudgions. 1677 Miege Eng.-Fr. Did., Fiabergullion or (rather) Slaber- degullion, un sot , nn impertinent. I Fla berkin, a. Obs. rare ~ h [?f. Flaber ( recorded later, but peril, in dial, use) + -kin.] Puffed out, puffy. 1592 Nashe P. Pcnilesse (ed. 2) 2 a, Nature hath left him a flaberkin face, like one of the foure winds. + Fla'bile, a. Obs. rare. [ad. L. fldbil-is, f. flare to blow.] Of musical instruments : Played upon by blowing ; wind-. Also transf. 1727 Bailey vol. 11 , Flabile, easily blown. 1728 R. North Mem. Musick (1846) 24 These [instruments] were either flabile or nervous ; the former were either trumpets (tuba), tibia, or fistula, and the other divers sorts of harps. Ibid. 78 As for .. mercenary musick, it was cheifly flabile. Flabotomye, obs. form of Phlebotomy. t Flacce'scency. Obs. rare- 1 . [f. L. flaccescent-em, pr. pple. of flaccescere to wither, f. flacccre to be flabby, f .flaccus flabby : see -ency.] The quality of becoming flaccid. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 11.117 The reason of its flacces- cency, upon admission of external Ayr, is, because [etc ]. 1721-1800 in Bailey. Flaccid (flae'ksid), a. Also 7 flaccide, (8 flacid). [a. Y. flaccide (Cotgr.), ad. L .flaccidus, f. flaccus flabby.] 1 . Wanting in stiffness, hanging or lying loose or in wrinkles; limber, limp; flabby. Chiefly of flesh and similar structures ; rarely of a person. 1620 Venner Via Recta v. 87 The one it maketh flaccide, and the other subiect to putrefaction. 1660 Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. iv. 46 The sides of the Bladder grew flaccid. 1704 F. Fuller Med. Gynin. <1711) 32 Yet are the Muscles not Flaccid, but Tense and Firm. 1751 John¬ son Rambler No. 117 P 8 The flaccid sides of a football. 1848 Thackeray Bk. Snobs Wks. IX. 385 His double chin over his flaccid whitey-brown shirt collar. 1848 — Van. Fair lxi, The flaccid children within. 1879 Froude Caesar xv. 234 His hair moist, his eyes heavy, his cheeks flaccid. b. Of vegetable organs and tissues: Bending without elasticity, also, relaxed from want of moisture; drooping. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 493 The part, against which the Sun beateth, waxeth more faint and flaccide in the Stalk, and thereby less able to support the Flower. 1776 Withering Brit. Plants (1796) II. 233 Stem flaccid, rough with strong hairs. 1875 Darwin Insediv. PI. ix. 226 The leaf being flaccid and apparently dead. 1882 Vines Sachs' Bot. 675 The current of water also ceases as soon as the tissues which have become somewhat flaccid are again turgescent. 2 . Of immaterial things: Wanting vigour and nervous energy, limp, feeble. 1647 H. More Song of Soul 11. i. 11. xli, What’s dull or flaccid, nought illustrative. 1855 Tennyson Maud 1. i. 20 A scheme that had left us flaccid and drain’d. 187s Farrar Silence <5* V. viii. 140 It is because hiS resolutions have been feeble, and his purposes flaccid. Hence Flaccidly adv., in a flaccid manner; Fla'ccidness, the state of being flaccid, flaccidity. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Flaccidness. 1847 Craig, Flaccidly. 1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 238 The flaccidness of the tissues. 1883 Miss Broughton Belinda I. 1. xii. 218 Belinda has thrown herself flaccidly into a chair. Flaccidity (flseksrditi). [f. Flaccid a. + -ity. Cf. Y. flaccidity.] 1 . The quality or condition of being flaccid; want of stiffness or tension, limpness, looseness. 1676 Wiseman Surgery vi. ii. 444 There is neither Fluxion nor Pain, but Flaccidity joyned with an Insensibility. 1725 Cheyne Ess. HealthvW. 173 The Viscidity of the Juices and the Flaccidity of the Fibres, would .. be removed. 1800 Young in Phil. Trans. XCI. 62 The flaccidity of the eye after death. 1882 Vines Sachs' Bot. 689 So long as no actually perceptible amount of flaccidity, i. e. of withering .. takes place. b. Of immaterial things ; Want of firmness and vigour ; limpness, flabbiness. 1778 Bp. Lowth Isaiah, Dissert, liii, The Prophet would express the drowsiness and flaccidity .. of his countrymen. 1806-7 J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life 11. xvi, The flaccidity of mind with which you [etc.]. 1875 Light- foot Comm. Col. (ed. 2) 124 A vagueness, a flaccidity, of conception betrays itself in their language. 2 . Used to render It. flaccidezza, Fr. flacherie ; A disease of silkworms. 18.. Riley Silk-Culture 36 (Cent. Diet.) The worms are attacked by flaccidity. Flacco(u)n, obs. Sc. form of Flagon. Flache, obs. form of Flash. II Flacherie (flaj>rf). [F .flacherie (Littre Supp.) a disease of silkworms.] = Flaccidity 2. 1885 Lady Claud Hamilton tr. Life Pasteur 152 A characteristic specimen of the disease called morts- flats or flacherie. 1888 E. A. Butler Silkworms v. 71 It is possible for flacherie to become hereditary, Flachet, var. of Flatchet, Obs. Flacian (fld 7i jian), a. and sb. Eccl. Hist . Also 6 Flaccian. [f. Elaci-us + -an.] A. adj. Of or pertaining to Flacius Illyricns, a Protestant divine of the 16th c., who opposed the adiaphorist views advocated by Melanchthon. B. sb. A follower of Flacius Illyricus; an anti- Adiaphorist. Hence Flacianism, the doctrine or principles of Flacius Illyricus and his followers; Fla*cianist = Flacian sb. 1565 T. Stapleton Fortr. Faith 146 Thus write the Flac- cians and zelous Lutherans. 1619 Brent tr. Sarpi’s Counc. Trent vi. (1629) 527 Whole Parishes of Lutherans, Zuing- lians, Flacians, Anabaptists. 1847 F. Prandi tr. Cantu's Ref. Europe I. 98 Hence arose the heresy of the Flacians or substantialists. 1872 Shipley, etc. Gloss. Feel. Terms s.v. Adiaphoristic Controz>ersy, His [Melanchthon’s] sup¬ porters were called Philippists; his opponents, Flacianists. 1882-3 Schaff Fncycl. Relig. Knowl. III. 1827 Pure Luther¬ anism, free from all Flacian extravagances. Flack (flrek), sb. dial, [echoic ; cf. Y.flac in same sense.] A blow, slap, or stroke. 1823 Moor Suffolk IVords, Flack, a blow, a 1825 Forby Voc. E. A nglia. Flack, a blow, particularly with something loose and pliant. Flack (fltek),z>. Obs. exc. dial. \flYY.flacken, of onomatopoeic formation = MDu. vlacken (Kilian), Icel .flaka to flap, hang loose.] 273 FLAG. FLACKER. 1 . intr. To flap, flutter; to flap the wings ; to throb, palpitate. 1393 Gower Con/. III. 315 Her herte. .[began] to flacke and bete. 1567 MapletO. Forest 71 The Crow fiieth and flacketh about his eies and face. 1788 W. Marshall Yorksh. Gloss., Flack , to flicker as a bird ; to throb as a wound. 1876 Mid. Yorksh. Gloss., Flack , to pulsate heavily. 2 . To hang loosely, dial. a 1825 Forby in loc. E. Anglia. 1847 in Halliwell. 3 . Irans. To move or shake intermittently; to flap, flick; also, to flap or flick with (something). (Connoting a clumsier instrument and a ‘flatter’ blow than flick.) 1751 R. Paltock P. Wilkins (1884) I. xii. 137, I observed it. .frequently flacking its short tail. 1819 Metropolis I. 58 He now flacked his boot with a silk handkerchief. 1859 Sala Gas-light 4 D. xxxiii. 385 Flacking his horsewhip. 1870 Daily Tel. 20 Aug. 3 Flacking his cloak in the eyes of a huge bull. 4 . Agric. To beat with a flail; also to rake (hay). 1744-50 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandtn. VI. iii. 71 They, .flack the Heap of Corn not only once as it lies, but they turn it, and thrash it again and again. 1891 Rutland Gloss., Flack in, to rake hay in a long row. Hence Fla cking vbl. sb., the action of the vb. 1844 Zoologist II. 500 The flight was quite distinct from the ‘flacking along the water' of which Mr. Parsons speaks. Flacker (flse’kar), v. Obs. exc. dial. [ME. flakeren (possibly repr. OE. *flacorian ; cf. flacor adj., flying, fluttering, and flicorian Flicker vl), corresponding to MDu. flackeren, ON. flqkra to flutter (Da. flagre), MHG. vlackern (mod.G. flackern) to flicker; a frequentative f. the onomato¬ poeic stem flak- : see F lack v. The OHG. flagordn, Flemish vlagghercn (Kilian) to flutter, may be compared as parallel onomatopoeic for¬ mations.] 1 . intr. To flap, flutter, throb ; esp. of birds, to flap the wings, to fly flutteringly. In mod. dial, also trans. To flap (the wings) ( Whitby Gloss.). 13.. E. E.Allit. P. B. 1410 Foies in foler flakerande bitwene. 1535 Coverdale Isa. vi. 2 From aboue flakred the Seraphins. 1631 R. H. Arraignm. Whole Creature xviii. 321 As two Birds, that are flackering, and flying at the two ends of a threed. 1783 [Hutton] Bran New Wark 75 (E.D.S.) How strangely the mind of man flackers and flounces? 1877 Holderness Gloss, s.v., ‘ Ther was a lot o’ bods altegither, an didn’t they flacker, mun, when Ah let gun off amang em ? ’ f2. = Flatter v. Obs. rare— x . (Perh. a corrupt reading ; cf. however the similar sense of Flicker vl). <11225 Ancr. R. 222 Men .. hot flakered [v. r. faltreS, flattereo] hire of freolac. Hence Fla ckering - vbl. sb. and ppl. a. c 1440 Gesta Rom. xxvi. 100 (Harl. MS.) pe Faucon seynge this, makethe a flakeryng with his wynges. 1565 Golding Ovid's Met. vm. (1593) 192 Within the compasse of this pond great store of osiers grew.. and flackring flags. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss., A flackering at the heart. Flacket (fte'ket), riM Obs. exc. dial. Forms: 4-5 flacked, 4-6 flak(k)et(t(e, flag(g)et(te, (5 flagot), 5-7 flackett, (4 flaekette), 6 Sc. flacat, 6- flacket. [a. ONF. *flaquet, flasquet ( = Cen¬ tral OF. flaschet, flachet), dim. of flasque {Jlache, flasche) : see Flask sb. and -et.] A flask, bottle, or vessel; now applied in dial, use to a barrel-shaped vessel for holding liquor. c 1320 Sir Beues 1298 Bred & flesc out of his male And of his flaketes win & ale. c 1350 Will. Palerne 1893 pe flagetes he let falle. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 171 A flakett ful of manis blood. 1465 Mann . <5- Househ. Exp. 490 My master payd fore a flaket of sylver, xx. s. 1539 Bible (Great) 1 Sam. xvi. 20 Isai toke an asse laden with breed, and a flacket of wyne. 1673 Depos. Cast. York (Surtees) 196 She gott a flackett of ale. 1753 Maitland Hist. Edin. 1. iii. 37 Two Flackets of eight pounds weight. t Fla cket, sbA Obs. rare, [i f. next vb.] A bunch (of hair). Cf. Flaggat. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 1.113 Sixe goodly yong ladies .. had vpon their heads caps of Goldsmiths worke, hauing great flackets of haire, hanging out on each side. Flacket (flse'ket), v. dial. [freq. of Flack 71.; cf. O'N.flpkta of same meaning.] intr. To flap about. 1823 Moor Suffolk Words s.v., Womens ribbons or loose geer are said to ‘ Flacket about'. It is more expressive than Jlap .. A dressy loose woman would have the former word figuratively applied to her ‘ She’ll go flacketen about’. Flackoun, flacon, obs. forms of Flagon. II Flacon (flakon). [F. flacon ; the word was adopted in wider sense in ME. ; see Flagon.] A small stoppered bottle; esp. a scent-bottle or smelling-bottle. 1824 Scott Redgaitntlet Let. xii, The exercise of the fan, th zjiacon and the other duties of the Cavaliere Serviente. 1841 Lady Blessington Idler in France I. 251 A flacon of rock crystal. 1872 Longf. in Life (1891) III. 208 An oblong ebony tray, with two glass Jiaeons for the ink. Flae, Sc. form of Flea. .Flael' le, obs. form of Flail. Flaff (flsef), sb. Chiefly Ac. [cf. next vb.] A flutter or flapping of the wings; also, a puff, gust. 1827 Wilson Noct. Ambr. (1855) I. 277 The snow was .. giving them sair flaffs and dads on their faces. 1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 25 He..gave his wings a flaff. 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle xviii. 509 Merely helping themselves over the top by a small flaff of their wings. VOL. IV. *834 — Cruise Midge (1836) I. ii. 50 When with a flaff and a rustling brush through the topmost leaves he [the owl] came down. 1894 Crockett Raiders 301 A flaf o’ wind. Flaff (Href) , v. Sc. [onomatopoeic; cf. Flap.] 1 . intr. To flap, make a flapping; to flutter. Of the lungs or heart: To pant or throb. 1513 Douglas jEneis xii. xiii. 175 This vengeabill wraik .. Evyn in the face .. of Turnus Can fie and flaf. 1786 Burns Addr. of Beelzebub 47 Flaffan wi’ duds .. Frightin’ awa your deucks an’ geese [etc.]. 1815 G. Beattie John o' Ayviha in Life (1863) 252 The watchfu’ mate flaff’d i’ the gale Wi’ eerie screech. 1880 Antrim <$* Down Gloss ., Flaffs to flutter or flap. 2 . trans. To flap (the wings). 1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 5 Thou .. flaff’d thy wings, and in a crack Flew frae th' unsicker stance ! Hence Fla ffing vbl. sb. and ppl. a. I 5 I 3 Douglas AEneis x. vii. 63 All the blayd, vp to the hylt and hand, Amyd hys flaffand longis [in tumido pul - mone] hyd lies he. 1584 Hudson Du Bartas' Judith 708 A thousand flaffing flags. 1833 Moir Mansie IVauch xii. 79 A severe shaking of the knees and a flaffing of the heart. Flaffer (flaeffai), v. north, dial. [f. Flaff v. + -er 5 .] intr. To move with a rustling motion ; to flutter. Also with out. 17.. Colin Clout in Aitken Scott. Song 189 Mony a birdie .. Flaffered briskly roun about. 1863 Robson Bards of Tyne 342 Oft fra its nest..It flaffer’d out at neets, man. Flafte, obs. var. of Flaucht sb 1 . Flag (flseg), sb . 1 Also 4-7 flagg(e, (5 flegge). [Of obscure origin ; cf. Du. flag , occurring in Bible 1637, J°b viii. 11 margiii (the Eng. Bible has the same word in this passage), also mod.Da. flseg (yaDansk Ordb. 1802, but not found in MDa., which has flx,flxde in the same sense).] 1 . One of various endogenous plants, with a bladed or ensiform leaf, mostly growing in moist places. Now regarded as properly denoting a member of the genus Iris (esp. I. psettdacorus ) but sometimes (as in early use) applied to any reed or rush. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 157 pere herdes fond hym among mory flagges and sprayes, and sente hym to Silla. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 165 Flegge, infra in S. idem quod Sedge. #1533 Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Q, The drye flaxe will brenne in the fyre, and the grene flagge smoke in the flame. 1563 B. Googe Eglogs viii. (Arb.) 64 He that once preserued in Flags, the sely suckyng Chylde. 1624 Capt. Smith Virginia 11. 26 The chiefe root they haue for food .. groweth like a flagge in Marishes. 1763 Churchill Duellist 1, On Lethe’s Stream, like flags, to rot. 1842 Guide to Trade , Cooper 74 A flag or rush should be put round the groove. 1873 G. C. Davies Mount. Sf Mere ii. 6 Gazing with a feeling akin to awe at . .the tall rushes and flags. b. With words indicating the species, as garden flag (Iris germanied ); sweet smelling flag, spicewort (Acorns Calamus '); water flag, yellow flag (Iris pseudacorus). Also Corn-Flag. C1550 Lloyd Treas. Health (1585) Eivb, The ioyce of yeolowe flagge put into thine eare is of the same operation. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 11. xxxv. 193 That kinde [of Iris] whose flower is purple and blewe is called .. of some .. garden flagges. 1580 Baret Alv. F 639 The water Flagge, or the yellowe wild Iris. 1640 Parkinson Theat. Bot. 1. xlviii. 139 The sweet smelling Flagge. 1831 J. Davies Manual Mat. Med. 373 The American Blue Flag, Iris versicolor. C. In pi. or collect, sing. A kind of coarse grass. 1577 Holinshed Chron. I. 185 The hay of our low mea¬ dows is .. also more rooty, foggy and full of flags. 1639 Horn & Rob. Gate Lang. Uni. xxxii, Arable ground being ..cleared from the roots of the flag. 1847 Halliwell, Flag .. also applied to the small pieces of coarse grass common in some meadows. 1878-86 Britten & Holland Plant-71., Flag (3). .Probably Air a cazspitosa L. U d. Used for Alga. Obs. 1778 Milne Bot. DietAlgae, Flags. 1807 J. E. Smith Phys. Bot. 402 Algae , Flags, whose herb is likewise a frond. 2 . The blade or long slender leaf of a plant, e. g. of Iris and of cereals. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 11. xxxv. 193 The narrow leaved Ireos, his flagges be long and narrowe. 1599 T. M[oufet] Silk- wormes 34 Sweetest Iris beareth shortest flagges. 1750 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandin. II. i. 38 This Oat has not only a strong large Stalk and Ear to nourish, but also a broad Flag besides. 1850 Bromfield in Phytologist III. 1006 The green leaves [of Typha latifolia). .are used, .for mats, chair-bottoms and basket-work, under the name of flags. 1880 Jefferies Gt. Estate 8 The wheat was then showing a beautiful flag. f 3 . ? = flag-basket. Obs. 1640 in Entick London (1766) II. 182 For every twenty sugar flags. 1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs (1821) 23 Annotto, Package tared, and 6 per Cent, allowed for Flags. 4 . attrib . and Comb, as flag-bed , flower ; flag- bottomed y -fenced , + -shaggy adjs. Also flag-basket dial., a basket made of reeds, chiefly used by work¬ men for carrying their tools; ? flag-broom (see Flag sb . 2 5); flag-leaf, an iris; flag-reed (see quot.); flag-worm, a worm found in the roots of flags and used by anglers. 1859 Geo. Eliot A. Bede 262 Emptying his tools out of the *flag-basket. 1656 Trapp Comm. Eph. vi. 4 Like Moses in the *flag-bed. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef Mast xxviii. 96 Furniture, including a dozen *flag-bottomed chairs. 1878 Smiles Robt. Dickwx. 79 Beyond them the *flag-fenced fields in the distance. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Supp., * Flag flower. See Iris. 1801 Southey Thalaba xi. xxxiv, The flag-flower blossom’d on its side. 1827 Clare Sheph. Cal. 53 Mint and *flagleaf, swording high Their blooms to the unthinking eye. 1833 Sturt & Australia II. vii. 181 The reeds are the broad *flag-reed (arundo phragmatis). 1605 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. iii. iv. Captains 123 Th' aged Floud. .pensive leaning his *flag-shaggie head Upon a Tuft. 1653 Walton Angler 178 He will also in the three hot months, .bite at a *Elag-worm, or at a green Gentle. 1787 Best Angling (ed. 2) 19 Flag-worms, or Dock-worms. Found among flags. Flag (flteg), sbfi Also 5, 7 flagg(e. [Cf. Icel. flag neut. the spot where a turf has been cut out, ON. flaga wk. fem. slab of stone (cogn. with Flay vi) ; these appear in Eng. as Flaw sb.\ but some dialects have app. retained -ag- in adoption of ON. words. Cf. also Flake sb/, PlaughtF]. 1 . A piece cut out of or pared off the sward; a turf, sod. Also colled. Now dial. (£. Anglian). c 1440 Promp. Parv. 16 Flagge of |?e erthe .. terricidium. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple I si. vm. lvi. 120 Upon his shield an heap of fennie mire In flagges and turfs. .Did smoth’ring lie, not burn. 1691 Ray A. $ E. C. Words (E. D. S.), Flags , the surface of the earth, which they pare off to burn ; the upper turf. Norf. 1847 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. VIII. 11. 306 The flags are burnt in small heaps. Ibid. Ser. 11. III. 11. 659 Covered with grass flag, cut 3 inches thick. b. The slice of earth turned over by the plough¬ share; also, the ground thus made ready for sowing. dial. ( E. Angliaii) only. 1787 Marshall E. Norf. IVords (E.D.S.), Flag , the furrow turned. 1795 Annals Agric. XXIII. 27 To dibble beans, one row on each flag. 1800 Trans. Soc. Encourag. Arts XVIII. 109 The plough .. turned over a flag of nine inches. 1823 Moor Suffolk IVords , Flag .. the portion of clover land turned at once by the plough, a 1825 Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Flag 2, The surface of a clover lay of the second year, turned up by the plough. The wheat for the next year’s crop is dibbled into the fag. 1845 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. V. ii. 340 Nothing rose to cover the ground after the first mowing, so as to make a flag for the wheat. 2 . A flat slab of any fine-grained rock which may be split into flagstones ; a flagstone. 1604 Vestry Bks. (Surtees) 282 A cesse of iij d. the pound shalbe levied for the winninge of flaggs. 1658 in Picton L'pool Mtmic. Rec. (1883) I. 188 That a new flagge be laid over the watercourse. 1774 Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1712, 297 A stone chest formed of six flags. 1799 J. Robertson Agric. Perth 34 The brown flags, .were at one period used .. in covering houses. 1839 E. D. Clarke Trav. 33/1 The new promenade, .is paved with large flags. 1871 Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (1879). !• xii- 3°8 With a hammer and chisel I can cleave them into flags. b. pi. A flagged foot-pavement. 1802 Mar. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. xiii. 106 Dancing dogs, that he was exhibiting upon the flags. 1850 Clough Dipsychus 11. iv. 3 Shall I. .like the walking shoe¬ black roam the flags To see whose boots are dirtiest ? 3 . Salt-mming. 1 A very hard kind of marl found near the first bed of rock salt ’ (Chester Gloss. 1884). 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining 1892 Comhill Mag. Sept. 263 A shaft is sunk till the * flag ’ or ‘ bean metal ’ has been pierced. 4 . Glass-making , (see quot.). 1883 Chance in Powell Prbiciples Glass-making in These grate-rooms are sunk several feet below the level of the bed of the furnace, and are separated from each other by a portion of the bed, which is called the flag. 5 . attrib. and Comb., as flag-way ; flag-like adj. Also ?flag-broom (see quots. ; perh. belongs to Flag^. 1 ) ; flag-harrow, a harrow for thoroughly breaking up the flag (sense 1 b) ; flag-sandstone, sandstone that may be split into flags (sense 2). And Flag-stone. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. 150 The Leaves that make the brush part of the *Flag-brooms which are brought into England .. are .. a small kind of Palmeto. 1755 Johnson, Flag - broom , a broom for sweeping flags or pavements.. commonly made of birch-twigs, or of the leaves of the dwarf palm. x 845 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. V. 11. 333 The land .. may be broken down by a *flag-harrow, called by some a crab- harrow. 1849 Murchison Siluria vii. 125 These *flaglike strata. 1843 Portlock Geol. 505 The micaceous *flag sandstones of the old red are highly calcareous. 1800 in Spirit Public Jrnls. (1801) IV. 263 The *flag-way is pleasant to saunter and idle. 1875 Le Fanu Will. Die xix. 116 He walked slowly up and down the silent flagway. Flag (flreg), [perh. subst. use of Flag a., though that is not recorded so early. Cf. Fag sb. 2 1.] 1 . a. pi. The quill-feathers of a bird’s wing; in quot. 1486 the cubital or secondary feathers of a hawk’s wing. Also attrib. b. (See quot.) a. i486 St. Albans Bj, The federis at the wynges next the body be calde the flagg or the fagg federis. 1575 Turberv. Faulconrie 274 Otherwhile it chaunceth, through the hurte of a Hawkes wing, that one or twooofhir Flagges .. are broosed. 1615 Tomkis Albumazar 11. iv, If I mue these Flagges of Yeomanry. 1635 Quarles Embl. iii. i. (1818) 138 Like as the haggard, cloister’d in her mew .. to renew Her broken flags. 1678 Ray Willughby s Ornith. 84 The flag-feathers of the Wing [of the Kestrel] arc in number twenty four. 1741 Chambers Cycl. s. v. Feather , The vanes or webs in the flag part of the wing. 1858 W. Clark Van der Hoevens Zool. II. 379 Wings acute, with flag- feathers often short. b. 1890 Coues Ornith. 11. iii. 182 Crural feathers are .. sometimes long and flowing, as in the ‘flags’ of most hawks. 2 . pi. (See quot.) 1892 Simmonds Diet. Trade Suppl., Flags , a technical name for a variety of quills. Flag (flseg), sbA Also 5-7 flagge. [A word found in all mod.Teut. langs., but app. first re¬ corded in Eng.; cf. Da .flag (1569 in Kalkar), Sw. flagg, flagga (not in Soderwall MSw. Did.), Du, 274 FLAG. FLAG. vlag (vlagghe in Kilian 1599), Ger .flagge (17th c. ; also flaeke). Whether the word originated in Eng., Du., or Scandi¬ navian, it may plausibly be supposed to be an onomatopoeic formation, expressing the notion of something flapping in the wind; cf. Flack v., Flag v. 1 , MDu. vlaggheren to flutter. If the word be of Eng. origin, there are other possibilities: it might be a transferred use of Flag sb. 1 ; or, if the primary sense were ‘square of cloth' or the like, it might be the same word as appears in OE. flacg ‘ cata- plasma’ (Wr.-Wiilck. ^86) and flage, recorded in 1139 as an Eng. name for a baby's garment (Du Cange s. v.).] 1 . A piece of cloth or stuff (usually bunting), varying in size, colour, and device, but most fre¬ quently oblong or square, attached by one edge to a staff or to a halyard, used as a standard, ensign or signal, and also for decoration or display. For black , red, white, yellow flag, see the adjs. Bloody llag (Shaks. K. Hen. V, 1. ii. 101): cf. quot. 1724. [1481-90 Hinuard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 42, ij. stremers, standartes, and ij. fagges.] 1530 Palsgr. 220/2 Flag or baner of a felde, guidon. 1595 Shaks. John 11. i. 207 These flagges of France. .Haue hither march’d to your endamage¬ ment. 1612 W. Parkes Curtaine-Dr. (Grosart) 47 Each Play-house aduanceth his flagge in the aire. 1676 Dryden Aurengz.v. i, In either’s Flag, the golden Serpents bear, Erected Crests alike. 1702 Royal Proclam, in Lond. Gaz. No. 3872/1 Any other Flags, Jacks, Pendants or Ensigns. 1724 R. Falconer Voy. (1769) 118 They consented to hoist the bloody Flag, and neither to give or take Quarter. 1783 W. Thomson IVafson's Philip III , vi. 442 The flag of rebellion is displayed throughout all Bohemia. 1834 M. Scott Tom Cringle 304 Don’t cease firing, although his flag be down—it was none of his doing. 1840 Dickens Old C, Shop xix, Flags streamed from windows and house-tops. transf and fig. 1592 Shaks. Rom. Jul. v. iii. 96 Beauties ensigne yet Is Cryinson in thy lips. .And Deaths pale flag is not aduanced there. 1604 — Oth. 1. i. 157, I must show out a Flag and signe of Loue 1663 Sir G. Mackenzie Religious Stoic xx. (1685) 160 Who would not .. bow the flag of his private opinion to the commands of the Church. 1737 Bracken Farriery /w/r. (1756) I. 351, I have often.. been sorry to see a Flag of Horse-Soles hung out upon every silly Smith's Door. 1825 Hone Every-day Bk. I. 1254 A white apron may be the ‘ flag’ of the ‘ Licensed Victualler’s profession’, but it is not the barber’s ‘flag’. 1881 Miss Braddon Asph. II. 318 She .. ‘ blushed celestial red ’ .. her lover, .hung out a rosy flag on his own side. b. Flag (of truce ): a white flag, carried by a messenger or hoisted on a vessel, to express a wish for parley with the enemy. Hence, the person or the ship dispatched with a flag of truce. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanhedas Conq. E. hid. xlii. 98 Then the enimies helde up a flagge. [ Margin ] This flag was a sign and request of peace. 1627 Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. xiii. 62 They hang out a flag of truce. X775 R. Mont¬ gomery in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev.{ 1853) I. 495 Firing upon a flag of truce. 1779 T. Jefferson Let. Writ. 1893 II. 259 A flag sails hence to-morrow, .to negotiate the exchange of some prisoners. 1810 Wellington in Gurw. Desp. VI. 107 He should fire upon all flags in future. 1842 Campbell Napoleon <$- Brit. Sailor 62 He gave the tar a piece of gold, And, with a flag of truce, commanded He should be shipp’d to England Old. c. In various nautical phrases, as To give (deny, refuse, etc.) the hotiour of the flag : to make (or re¬ fuse) an acknowledgement of supremacy by striking the flag to another. To lower or strike ones flag ; to take it down, esp . in token of respect, sub¬ mission, or surrender. The flag of defiance is out (naut. slang) (see quot. 1700). 1644 Manwayring Sea-mans Diet. s. v. Flaggs , At sea to lower or strike ones Flagg in fight is a token of yeelding, but otherwise of great obedience and respect. 1673 Ld. Shaftes¬ bury Pari. Sp. in Collect. Poems 235 They came to that height of insolence, as to deny the Honour and right of the Flag, a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew s. v. Flagg.. The Flag of Deflance is out, (among the Tars) the Fellow’s Face is very Red, and he is Drunk. 1779 F. Hervey Naval Hist. II. 146 Firing upon a Dutch man of war who refused him the honour of the flag. 1802 Windham Sp. Deflnit. Treaty 13 May, Sp. (1812) III. 428 The notion that peace would hush up all our dangers had induced us to give up to Holland the honour ofc the flag. 1881 Palgrave Visions Eng. 275 Above the war-thunder came shouting, as foe struck his flag after foe. 2 . Naut. A flag carried by a flagship to indicate that an admiral is in command, an admiral’s em¬ blem of rank afloat. Hence, of the admiral, To hoist or strike ones flag : to enter upon, or re¬ linquish command. 1695 Lond. Gaz. No. 3088/4 A Squadron of Dutch Ships, whereof 3 carried Flags. 1697 Ibid. No. 3329/4 Sir George Rooke hoisted his Flag on Board the Defyance. 1707 Ibid. No. 4390/3 This Morning he struck his Flag on board the Nassau. 1769-89 Falconer Diet. Marine s. v. Admi¬ ral, Admirals that have carried no flag. 1796 Nelson in Nicolas Disp. II. 187 The Admiral thinks I shall be ordered to hoist my Flag here. 1809 Sir A. Hammond in G. Rose Diaries (i860) II. 359, I never meant to charge him with having deprived me of my flag. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., Flag .. Also, a certain banner by which an ad¬ miral is distinguished at sea from the inferior ships of his squadron. b. A ship carrying an admiral’s flag, a flagship. 1652 Perfect Account No. 101. 2065 The Garland..was engaged by two Dutch Flags. 1710 Lond. Gaz. No. 4755/2 That they did not do it is attributed to the Loss of their two Flags. 1829 Marryat F. Mi Id may vii. (Rtldg.) 67, I •. quitted the flag with a light heart. c. Applied to the admiral himself. Also, Flag ! the answer returned to a sentry’s challenge by an admiral’s boat. 1665 Pepys Diary (1879) III. 274 Not giving to all the Commanders, as well as the Flaggs. 1719 Sir E. Byng in Torrington Mem. (1889) p. xi, My whole pay as a flag of the fleet. 1747 J. Lind Lett. Navy (1757) I. 23 If more than two flags, then the commander in chief is to have one half of the eight. 1867 Smyth Sailor s YVord-bk., Flag. 3 . slang. An apron. 1851 Mayhew Lond. Labour ( 1861) I. 218 Blag, an apron. 1882 Echo 29 Aug. 1/5 Ere long we may expect to hear that a Congress of Servant-girls has been discussing the use of the ‘ flag ’. 4 . Sporting. The tail of a setter or Newfoundland dog. Also of a deer; occas. of a horse. Cf. quots. under Flag a. 1859 ‘ Stonehenge’ (J. H. Walsh) Dog i. iv. 97 The stern, or flag [of the setter] .. is furnished with a fan-like brush of long hair. 1883 G. Stables Our Friend the Dog vii. 60 Flag, the tail, applied to Setters and Newfoundlands. 1891 R. Kipling Plain Tales 148 A switch-tailed demirep of a mare called Arab because she has a kink in her flag. 5. ? = Fag sbd 2 . 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 875/2 Flag, the uneven end of an uncut tuft of hair in a brush. 1893 Standard Diet., Flag, the split end of a bristle. 6 . Printing. A mark made by the corrector of a proof, showing an omission by the compositor of some words which are written by the corrector in the margin ; an ‘ out’. 7 . attrib. and Comb., as flag-bearer, -case, -pole ; flag-bedizened adj. Also flag-boat, a mark-boat in sailing or rowing matches; flag-captain, the captain of a flagship; flag-dues (see quot.); t flag-fallen a., unemployed; said of actors in allusion to the lowering of the play-house flag as a sign of closing; flag-furling a. (fig.), dis¬ posed to cease fighting, pacific; flag-lieutenant, an officer acting as an aide-de-camp to an admiral; flag-list, the roll of flag-officers or admirals ; flag- pay, the pay of a flag-officer or admiral; flag¬ raising vbl. sb, ( US.), a ceremonious hoisting of a party flag ; flag-rank, the rank of admiral; flag-share, an admiral’s share (one-eighth) of prize-money; flag-station (Railways), a place where trains stop only when signalled to do so ; flag-wagging, Milit. slang, signalling with flags held in the hand ; flag-waver, one who tries to arouse popular enthusiasm ; so flag-waving vbl. sb. Also Flag-officer, Flagship, Flagstaff. 1887 Times (weekly ed.) 24 June 4/4 The houses .. were largely *flag-bedizened. 1835 Lytton Rienzi 11. iii, The different servitors and *flag-bearers ranged themselves on the steps without. 1815 Sporting Mag. XLVI. 187 The Caroline passed first round the *flag-boat. 1829 Marryat F. Mildmay vii. (Rtldg.) 66, I. .saw the *flag-captain. 1870 Colomb & Bolton Flashing Signals 39 The ^flag-case is made of strong patent leather. 1892 Simmonds Diet. Trade Supply *Flag Dues, a charge on ships, in some harbours, for hoisting flags. 1609 Rowley Search for Mo7iey B iij/i Foure or fiue *flag-falne Plaiers. 1802 in Spirit Public Jrnls. (1803) VI. 174 A fresh assortment of *flag-furling orations, expected by the pacific packet. 1798 Nelson in Nicolas Disp. III. 2 Your note, .about the *Flag Lieutenant. 1873 Colomb Let. n June in Fifteen Yrs. Naval Retirement (1886) 13 A large nominally active *FIag List. 1719 Sir E. Byng in Torrington Mem. (1889) p. ix, My *flag pay. 1884 Pall Mall G. 9 Sept. 3/2 That is a contretemps to which annexation by ^flagpoles is occasionally exposed. 1864 Sala in Daily Tel. 18 Nov., *Flag-raising consists in stretching a big banner . .acrossa street, and this banner contains a colossal transcrip¬ tion of the particular 1 ticket ’ which the flag-raisers support. 1894 IVestm. Gaz. 7 Sept. 8/2 His profession of the Protestant faith having prevented his attaining *flag rank. 1867 Smyth Sailor s YVord-bk., * Flag-share. 1852 Hist. etc. Comity Oxford 681 Here [GosfordJ is a *flag station on the Oxford and Bletchley branch of the London and North-Western Railway. 1887 Pall Mall G. 24 Mar. 11/1 So. .slow a pro¬ cess as that of ‘*flag wagging’. 1894 Westm. Gaz. 28 June 2/3 The Pretoria *flag-wavers. 1892 Pall Mall G. 12 Nov. 2/2 *Flag-waving is all very well, but it is a miserable proceeding when influenced by such sordid motives. + Flag, sb. 5 Sc. Obs. [Cf. ON .flagd similarly used.] An opprobrious term applied to a woman. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xiv. 71 Sic fartingaillis on flaggis als fatt as quhailis. 1535 Lyndesay Satyre 2137 Ane fistand flag. 1866 Edmondstoun Shetland 4 * Orkn. Gloss., Flaag, a large clumsy woman. + Flag, sb.% Sc. Obs. [var. of Flaw ; cf. Sw. flaga, windflaga , Du. vlaag , earlier vlaeghe, vlage .] A blast or gust (of wind); a squall. Flag of fire : a flash of lightning. 1513 Douglas VEneis t. iii. 61 With fluidis ourset the Troianis, and at vndir By flaggis and rayne did fra the hevin descend. Ibid. vii. Prol. 49 Dym skyis oft furth * warpit feirfull levyne, Flaggis of fyir and mony felloun flawe. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) I. 9 In mony flag that furius wes and fell. Flag iflisg), sbd [Cf. MLG. vleger, ‘ coin worth somewhat more than a Bremer groat ’ (Schiller & Liibben).] A groat, fourpence. 1567 Harman Caveat 85 A flagge, a wyn, and a make (a grot, a penny, and a halfe penny), a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Flagg , a Groat. 1851 Mayhew Lond. Labour (1861) I. 251 A tremendous black doll bought for a flag of a retired rag-merchant. + Flag, a. Obs. [Perh. a. OF.flae (:—L .flaccus) of same meaning. For the change of c into g cf. flagon, flaget, repr. earlier flacon, flaket. See next vb.] Hanging down, drooping, pendulous; esp. of hair, and a horse’s or dog’s tail. Also in comb., as flag-eared, -thighed, -winged. 1591 Pekcivali. Sp. Diet., Encapotado de ore jas, flag eared, flaccidns. 1613 Heywood Brazen Age 11. ii, The fierce Thessalian hounds With their flagge eares. 1637 A. Warwick Sfare Min. 112 He [the heron] strave to get above her [the hawk] labouring, to make her flagge-winged, and so escape. 1668 Lond. Gaz. No. 273/4 About 17 years of Age, bright flag hair. 1683 Bp. of Ferns in Wicked Contriv. S. Black¬ head in Select. Hart. Misc. (1793) 521 His hair, .hangs flag without any curls. 1683 Lond. Gaz. No. 1866/8 A Scrrel Gelding .. with a bald Face .. and a long flag Tail. 1765 Treat. Dorn. Pigeons 91 The feathers on "their thighs hang loose, whereby they are said to he flag-thigh’d. Flag (teg), v. 1 Also 6-7 flagge. [? f. Flag a.; cf. Oh .flaquir to become flaccid. But prob. there is a mixture with an onomatopoeic formation, ex¬ pressing the same notion as flap, flack, but imply¬ ing less energetic movement.] 1 . intr. To hang down ; to flap about loosely. 1545 [see Flagging ppl. ai]. 1609 Bible (Douay) Exod. xxxix. 19 Which a lace of hyacinth ioyned, lest they should flagge loosely. 1650 Bui.wer A7ithropomet. 178 Least the heavy Breasts should flag down too low. 1655 Theopha7iia 2 He discovered a tall Ship, with her sails flaging about her masts. 1801 Southey Thalaba iii. xviii, When the out- strain’d tent flags loosely. 1818 Shelley Rev. Islai7i hi. xvii. 3 Its sails were flagging in the breathless noon. + b. To sink down heavily. Obs. 1617 Abp. Abbott Descr. World, PeruW iv, Which bedds are deuised of Cotten wooll, and hung vp betweene two trees, .in the which flagging downe in the middle, men and their wiues and their children doe lie together. + C. trans . To allow to droop ; to hang down, drop (the head, ears, tail, etc.). Obs. Cf. 5. 1637 Heywood Dial., A 7171a $ Phillis Wks. 1874 VI. 310 No one but droopes her wings, and flags her tayle. 1644 Quarles Sheph. Oracl. vii, Whereby I was compelled To flag my sailes. 1725 Bradley Fain, Diet. s. v. Celery, It warps and flags its Head too much. 1757 W. Thompson R. N. Advoc. 20 Dogs, .have flaged their Tails, .and would not even smell to it. 2 . intr. To become limp or flaccid. Now only of plants : To droop, fade. 1611 Cotgr., Flestrir. .to fade, wither; flag, droope. 1644 Digby Nat. Bodies (1645) 1. xii. § 4. 127 When the string [of a bow] beginneth to flag. 1667 Beale in Phil. Trans. II. 424 The Cherry-Blossoms then flagging, but not much altering their Colour. 1668 Culpepper & Cole Barthol. A7iat. 11. iii. 92 The Lungs flag and become small again. 1767 Nat. Hist, in A nn. Reg. 106/1 Having made an aperture in the bladder, it flagged immediately of itself. 1846 JtviI. R. Agric. Soc. VII. 11. 523 The white crops flag, and the turnip-leaves turn yellow, i860 Delamer Kitch. Gard. 79 They may be cut out with balls of matted fibres, and being then well watered, will scarcely flag at all. + 3 . intr. Of wings : To move feebly or ineffectu¬ ally in attempting to fly. Of a bird ; To move its wings feebly (in early use also trans. with wings as obj.) ; to fly unsteadily or near the ground. Obs. 1590 Spenser F. Q. To Earl Essex, My Muse, whose fethers. .Doe yet but flagg and slowly learn to fly. 1596 — Hy77in Heav. Beauty 30 The .. faulcon .. flags awhile her fluttering wings beneath. 1603 B. Jonson Sejanus v. iii, Croking Ravens Flag’d up and downe. 1624 Gataker Tra?isubst. 220 Like eagles wee must soare aloft up to heaven, and not flagge downward. 1635 Cowley Davideis iii. 330 The Wings of Time flagg’d dully after it. fig. 1644 Bulwer Chiro7i. 5 Speech divided from the Hand, .flags and creeps upon the ground, a 1683 Oldham Art of Poetry (1686)3 Others, .flag low, and humbly sweep the dust, a 1764 Lloyd Ode to Genius Poet. Wks. 1774 II. 174 Whose nerveless strains flag on in languid tone. b. ?To fly level, without soaring; or perh. (after Flag sbA) to fly with long sweep of wing. 1846 Kingsley Saint’s Trag. v. iii, One bird Flags fearful onward. 1849 — Misc. (1859) IL 308 Long strings of sea- fowl are flagging on steadily at railroad pace. 4 . To become feeble or unsteady in flight. Hence in wider sense (in early use perh. consciously transf.) ; To be unable to maintain one’s speed ; to lag, or fall into a halting pace, through fatigue ; to become languid, lose vigour or energy. 1639 Fuller Holy War iv. xi. (1640) 188 No wonder then if the wings of that armie did quickly flag, having so heavy a weight of curses hanging upon them. 1665 Boyle Occas. Refl. 11. v. (1845) 1 13 Too commonly our Resolutions flagg with our Joys. 1691 Norris Pract. Disc. 312 We shall be ..far from flagging in our Duty. 1692 Locke Educ. § 15 (1699) 23 His Stomach .. flagging into a downright want of Appetite. 1745 De Foe's E7ig. Trades77ia7i vi. (1841) I. 44 His credit by degrees flags and goes off. 1780 Mad. D’Arblay Lett. July, She does not suffer one’s attention to rest, much less to flag, for hours together. 1810 Scott Lady of L. 1. vi, 'Twere long to tell what steeds gave o’er. Who flagged upon Bochastle’s heath. 1821 Shelley Boat on Serchio 94 The boat .. flags with intermitting course, And hangs upon the wave. 1853 Soyer Pantroph. 394 The major-domo perceived that appetite began to flag. 1856 Kane A ret. Expl. I. xii. 127 The dogs began to flag; but we had to press them. 1874 L. Stephen Hours in Lib, (1892) I. ii. 63 His zeal in setting forth an example never flags for an instant. b. Of an author, or his works, a diversion, game, conversation, etc.: To fall off in vigour or interest, to grow dull or languid. FLAG. 275 FLAGEOLET. 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 253 Yet doth he sometimes.. seem to flag a little, and speak more Languidly and Scepti¬ cally about it. a 1745 Swift (J.), The pleasures of the town begin to flag and grow languid. 1767 Gray Let. Poems (1775) 325 The diction is .. not loaded with epithets and figures, nor flagging into prose. 1773 Mrs. Chapone Im- prov. Mind (1774) II. 99 Suffering the conversation to flag, for want of. .a subject. 1838 Dickf.ns Nick. Nick, vi, When this topic flagged, he turned to the grey-headed gentleman, and asked if he could sing. 1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. xlvii, By degrees the cricket flagged, and most of the men went off. 1881 Besant & Rice Chapl. Fleet 1. x. (1883) 83 Come, gentlemen, we let the glasses flag. t c. To flag in money : to be slow to pay it. 1608 Yorksh. Trag. B j a, Shall it be said in all societies, That I broke custome, that I flagd in monie ? t 5 . trans. a. lit. Of a bird, etc.: To cease to ply vigorously, relax the efforts of (its wings) from fatigue. Of conditions, circumstances, etc. : To render (the wings) incapable of soaring; to clog, impede, b. Hence To allow or cause to become languid; to be tardy in prosecuting (a purpose) ; to deprive of vigour, animation, or energy; to depress, enfeeble. Obs. a. 1622 F. Markham Bk. War v. ix. 197 The minde .. if still it be ouerlaid with its owne toile, must, .either flag her wings or stoope to a faulse prey. 1687 Dryden Hind 4* P. in. 500 Nor need they fear the dampness of the sky Should flag their wings, and hinder them to fly. 1709 Prior Ode Hi, The Thousand Loves, that arm thy potent Eye, Must ..flag their Wings, and die. 1715 Mrs. Barker Exilius I. 93 Our Roman Eagles .. began to flag their wings. b. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. in. iii, O, for thy sisters sake, I flagge revenge. 1656 S. Holland Zara (1719) 140 A kind df fulsome Recreation, that flags our Crests. 1670 Eachard Cont. Clergy 22 There is nothing that flags the Spirits .. as intense Studies. 1720 Welton Suffer. Son of God II. xxi. 571 How forcible this Wretched Spirit of con¬ tradiction is .. to Quell and Flag the inclinations of doing Good. 1757 W. Thompson R. N. Advoc. 9 The bloody Brine .. flags by its softer and raw Juices, the Strength of the Pickle. c. To flag rein : to slacken speed, rare. 1848 Lytton Harold 11. ii, Took ship from Cherbourg and have not flagged rein, till I could say [etc.]. Flag (flseg), vA [f. Flag jA 1 ] 11 . trans. To plant about with dags or reeds. 1685 Evelyn Diary 22 Oct., The waters are flagged about with Calamus aromaticus. 2 . To tighten (the seams of a barrel) by means of flags or rushes. 1757 W. Thompson R. N. Advoc. 15 A Cask .. which was not well flag’d. 1842 Guide to Trade, Cooper 50 Inside joints, .must be flagged. 1846 SirT. D. Lauder in Encycl. Brit. (ed. 8) IX. 639/1 After which it [the barrel] should be flagged, headed, blown, and tightened. 3 . To cut off the flag or blade of (wheat). 1846 Jml. R. Agric. Soc. VII. 11. 538, I had to flag my wheat three times, .and then it was partially laid. Hence nagging* vbl. sb. Also attrib. 1842 Guide to Trade , Cooper 73 Pulling off from the head, with the flagging iron, the stave or staves that [etc.]. 1846 Jml. R. Agric. Soc. VII. 11. 299 So rank will be the corn- crop there, that in spite of two or three flaggings, it is almost sure to go down and spoil. Flag (dreg), w. 3 Also 7 flagge. [f. FlagjA 2 ] trans. To pave with or as with flagstones. Also of a stone or stones: To form the floor or paving of. Toflag over : to cover with a pavement. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. 130 The stones so great, that eight floores it .. eight flagge the ends, and sixteene the sides. Ibid. 177 The wals are flagged with large tables of white marble, 1682 Wheler Journ. Greece 11. 187 It is flagged also within with white Marble, and paved in like manner. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 179 P8 What Ground remains..is flagged with large Quarries of white Marble. 1810 A nn. Reg. 755 The streets in Paris are not flagged on the sides, as in London. 1855 Mrs. Gatty Parab. Nat. Ser. 1. (1869) 125 The hearthstone that flagged the grand old chimney arch of ancient times. 1884 G. H. Boughton in Harper's Mag. Oct. 714/1 They .. flagged the dead over with their own grave-stones. Flag (flteg), vA [f. Flag sbA~\ 1 . trans. To place a flag over or upon ; to deco¬ rate or adorn with flags. To flag out (a race¬ course) : to mark out by flags. 187s ‘ Stonehenge’ Brit. Sports 11. 11. i. §6. 511 In a steeplechase, where the ground is not flagged out. 1889 Times 1 Oct. 3/3 In honour of the day all the official build¬ ings here were flagged. 2 . a. To inform or warn by flag-signals, b. To communicate (information) by flag-signals. C. To inform by flag-signals that. d. To decoy (game, esp. deer) by waving some object like a flag to excite the animal’s attention or curiosity. 1884 G. O. Shields in Harper's Mag. Aug. 367/2, I will give you a point or two on flagging antelope. 1885 T. Roosevelt Hunting Trips vi. 181 One method of hunting them [antelopes] is to . . flag them up to the hunters by waving a red handkerchief .. to and fro in the air. 1886 Leeds Mercury Nov., At Mineke some men working in a limekiln flagged the train on account of an obstruction on the track. 1887 Pall Mall G. 24 Mar. 11/1 A map of the battle of Hasheen.. was flagged across Wimbledon Common. 1893 Capt. King Foes in Ambush 51, I flagged old Feeny half an hour ago that they hadn’t come through here. Flagan, obs. form of Flaggon. + Fla’gartie, a. Obs. Sc. [Cf. Flacket v.] Flouncing; boisterous. 1535 LyndeSay Satyre 2137 Ane fistand flag, a flagartie fuffe. Flaga ry, var. of Fegary = Vagary. 1828 Blackw. Mag. XXIII. 46 None of your bantering and flagaries; for have him you must. t Flagel. 1 Obs. Also 4 flegel. [a. OF. flageol , flagel , flajol , a. Pr. flajol, flaujol ; of unknown origin: the vulgar Lat. type would be flaviolus. Diez's suggestion of derivation from Rom . flauto flute is untenable on phonological grounds.] = Flageolet. C1325 Coer de L. 6681 They herde no pype, ne flagel. a 1330 Fragm. Alexander in Rouland V. (1836) p. xx, The waite gan a flegel blawe. Flagel.^ Used with etymological allusion for Flail, q. v. 1647 Fuller Good Th. in Worse 7 *., Occas. Med. x. 218, I finde two sad Etymologies of Tribulation. One from (JPribulus) a three forked Thorn. .The other, from Tribulus, the Head of a Flail, or Flagell. Flagellant (flad^edant, flae-d^elant), sb. and a. [ad. L. flagellant-em, pr. pple. of flagellare to whip, i. flagellum : see Flagelle sb .] A. sb. 1 . One who scourges himself by way of reli¬ gious discipline or penance; esp. one of a sect of fanalics (L. flagellantes) that arose in the 13th c. Usually pi. 1 563-87 Foxe A. <$• M. (1596) 139/2 Flagellants going bare¬ foot in long white linen shirts, with an open place in the backe. 1664 H. More Myst. Iniq. 323 In their Ninevites or Flagellants. 1782 Priestley Corrupt. Chr. II. ix. 213 There arose .. a sect.. called the Flagellants, or whippers. 1857 Miss Winkworth Tauler's Life $ Serm. 126 Then appeared the ghastly processions of the Flagellants. 2 . In wider sense (chiefly trans/. from 1) : One who flagellates (himself or olhers). 1785 Burke Sp. Nabob Arcot's Debts 9 These modern flagellants are sure .. to whip their own enormities on the vicarious back of every small offender. 1855 Planch^ tr. C’tess D’A ulnoy's Fairy Talcs, Gracieuse <$• Percinet{ 1858) 8 The flagellants so fatigued themselves, that they could no longer lift their arms. 1879 Geo. Eliot Thco. Such ii. 29 That modern sect of Flagellants who make a ritual of lashing—not themselves but—all their neighbours. fig. 1849 B p - OF Exeter in CrokerPapers^ 1884) III. xxvi. 194 This coincidence of opinion avowed by his [Macaulay’s] intending panegyrist with that of his actual flagellant. Comb. 1876 Grant Burgh. Sch. Scotl. 11. v. 199 The unhappy teacher had sometimes to perform the duties of a flagellant-general. B. adj. Given to flagellation, flagellating. 1880 Swinburne Study Shahs, i. 27 The broad free sketches of the flagellant head-master of Eton. fig. 1891 G. Meredith One of ourConq. II. x. 253 So fla¬ gellant of herself was she. Hence FlageTlantism. 1855 Milman Lat. Chr. (1864) IX. xiv. i. 8 Wretched peasantry .. maddened to Flagellantism. 1856 Kingsley Alisc. y Fronde's Hist. Eng. II. 74 The philosopher .. may look on wars as in the same category with flagellantisms. Flagellar (fladge-laj), a. [f. flagell-um + -ar 1 .] Entom. * Pertaining to the flagellum of an antenna ’ (Cent. Diet.). Flagellate (fke'dgek’t ), pa. pple. rare. [ad. L. flagellat-us, pa. pple. of flagella-re to whip.] Flagellated, scourged. 1876 J. Ellis Ccesar in Egypt 145 Christ .. was one time bound, With scorn assail’d, and flagellate with thongs. Flagellate (floe-dgel/t), a. [f. Flagell-um + -ATB “.] 1 . Biol. a. Furnished with vibratile flagella, b. = Flagelliform. 1877 Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. ii. 79 Those flagellate Infusoria which are termed ‘monads’. 1878 Bell Gegen- baurs Comp. Anat. 21 The cell runs out into a fine process, and forms a flagellate cell. 2 . Bot. Having runners or runner-like branches. 1882 Vines Sachs' Bot. 379 The male branch may. .become an ordinary flagellate branch. Flagellate (flse-d^el^t), v. [f. L. flagelldt - ppl. stem of flagella-re , f. flagellum : see Fla¬ gelle sb.~\ trans. To scourge, whip. 1623 in Cockeram. 1721-82 in Bailey. 1771 Smollett H. Clinker II. 173 To be insulted, flagellated, and even executed as a malefactor. 1837 Landor Pentameron Wks. 1846 II. 313/2 [That] the angels were created only to flagellate and burn us. 1858 R. S. Surtees Ask Mamma iii. 9 The outside passengers .. proceeded to flagellate themselves into circulation. Jig. 1804-8 Foster in Life «$• Corr. (1846) I. Ixi. 341, I flagellated myself in great anger. 1830 Westm. Rev. XII. 274. The Quarterly could for once, .flagellate an oppo¬ nent without having recourse to its old art of wilful misrepresentation. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Wks. (Bohn) II. 39 Their drowsy minds need to be flagellated by war. Hence Fla’gellated ppl. a. 1836 E. Howard R. Reefer xiii, The flagellated boys con¬ trived to hush up their sobs. 1884 Pall Mall G. 29 July 3/2 The flagellated flesh visibly shuddered. Flagellated (flae’d^el^ted),**. Zool. and Biol. [f. Flagellate a. + -ed 1 .] Provided with flagella. 1887 W. J. Sollas in Encycl. Brit. XXII. 418/2 The flagellated chambers of all other sponges. Ibid., Collared flagellated cells or choanocytcs. Flagellation (ftedsel^-JaiT. Also 5 flagel- lacyon, 6 -cion. [ad. L. flagellation-em, n. of action f. flagellare to Flagellate.] The action of scourging ; a flogging, whipping. 1526 Pilgr. Perf (W. de W. 1531) 13 Suffrynge .. intoller, able turmentes, flagellacyons, and moost cruell and bytter deth. 1664 H. More Myst. Iniq. 466 Excoriating their bodies in processionary Flagellations. 1765 Sterne Tr. Shandy VIII. xxxi, Speaking of his abstinence, his watch¬ ings, flagellations. 1838 Dickens Nick. Nick, xiii, A fearful instrument of flagellation, supple, wax-ended. 1875 H. C. Wood TJierap. (1879) 161 Mild flagellations .. may be used to keep up the external capillary circulation. fg. 1490 Caxton Eneydos xx. 73 In all the places of thy flagellacyons, peynes and tormentes. 1502 Ord. Cryst. Men (W. de W. 1506) iv. v. 175 By sykenesses, losses of goodes, warres, and other flagellacyons. b. spec. The scourging of Christ; a picture re¬ presenting this. 1426 Audelay Poems 55 Vij blodes Crist he bled .. The thred in his flagellacion. 1630 Donne Deaths Duell (1632) 33 In his flagellation and thornes. 1703 Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 72 The first place they visited was that of the Pillar of Flagellation. 1741 Chambers Cycl. s. v. Flagel - laiion , We say.. a Flagellation to denote a picture,or print, representing the torment inflicted on the Saviour. Flagellative (flardaelc'tiv), a. rare. [f. as prec.+ -IVE.] = Flagellatory. 1836 E. Howard R. Reefer ix, He attended to no depart¬ ment of the school but the flagellative. Flagellator (flse dgekitai). [agent-n. f. L. flagellare to Flagellate.] One who scourges or flogs. (In quot. 1691 = Flagellant A 1.) 1691 G. D’Emiliane Frauds Rom. Monks 358 In the midst of these Flagellators was carried a Representation of the Scourging of our Saviour. 1824 Examiner 103/2 He was the flagellator of the boy Lynch. 1876 Grant Burgh Sch. Scotl. 11. v. 198 The flagellator having been sum¬ moned before the Council, declares that the fault was not his. fig. 1830 G. Croly George IV, vi. 76 The rise of this grand flagellator [the newspaper press]. Flagellatory (fl£e-d3elat3:ri). [f. L. type *fla- gellcitorius : see prec. and -ory.] Pertaining to flagellation or flogging. 1838 FrascYs Mag. XVIII. 399 We quote one flagellatory paragraph. 1844 Tupper Twins ii. 16 Often had he screened his bad twin brother from the flagellatory consequences of sheer idleness. 1890 Sat. Rev. 30 Aug. 266/1 The unwilling specimen of so much flagellatory skill. + Flagelle, sb. Obs. [ad. ~L. flagellum dim. of flagrum scourge.] A scourge. c 1430 Lydg. Bochas 1. (1544) 15 a, Their olde offences to punishe .. As a flagell. c 1430 — Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 146 Thu must of righte yeve hym is penaunce, With this flagelle of equite and resoun. t Flagelle, V. Obs. [ad. L. flagellare, f. fla¬ gellum : see prec.] trans. To scourge. 1550 Bale Eng. Votaries 11. R iij/i A man wold thinke.. that Sathan wer sent, .to flagelle the church. t Flagelli'feran. Obs. [f. med.L .flagellifer (f. flagelhiin scourge + -fer bearing) + -an.] = Flagellant sb. i. 1607 T. Rogers 39 Art. 167 The Baptisme of water is now ceased : and the Baptisme of voluntary blood by whipping is come in place thereof, without which none can be saued, as the Flagelliferans [printed -erians, corrected in later Eddi\ published. Flagelliferous (flaed^eli-feros), a. Zool., etc. [f. L. flagell-um + -(i)ferous.] Bearing a flagel¬ lum or flagella; flagellate. 1868 tr. Figuier's Ocean World 99 Flagelliferous Infu¬ soria. Flagelliform (flad^edif^im), a. Zool. and Bot. [f. Flagellum + -(i)form.] Having the form of a Flagellum. 1826 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1828) IV. xiii. 155 First, fla¬ gelliform ovaries consisting of conical tubes. 1875 Blake Zool. 200 The tail is flagelliform, very long. 1882 Vines Sachs' Bot. 3^6 Flagelliform branches. Flagellist (.noe dselist). rare. [f. ’L.flagell-um + -IST.J One who scourges himself. 1833 I. Taylor Fanat. v. 113 The Christian flagellist might, .draw as much blood from his back in a year. || Flagellum (fladge-lnm). PI. flagella. [L. flagellutn whip, scourge.] 1 . In humorously pedantic use : A whip, scourge. 1807 ‘Ben Block’ (title) Flagellum flagellated. 1830 Lytton P. Clifford iii, Boxing-gloves, books, fly-flanking flagellum. 1842 Barham Ingol. Leg., Ingot. Penance, The Knight. .Received the first taste of the Father's flagellum. 2 . a. Bot. A runner or creeping shoot. [1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvn. cxviii. (1495) 682 The hyghest braunches of a vyne hyghte Flagella.] 1887 Bentley Bot. (ed. 5) 117 The Runner or Flagellum, .is an elongated, slender, prostrate branch, sent off from the base of the stem, and giving off at its extremity leaves, and roots, and thus producing a new plant. b. Zool. and Biol. A lash-like appendage. 1852 Dana Crust. 1. 227 Outer antenna: as long as the front, flagellum io-jointed. 1878 Bell Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 79 The flagella., are modifications of the cilia. _ 1885 Athenaeum 12 Dec. 773/3 A cholera bacillus showing a flagellum at either end. Flageolet 1 (fltedgulet, fite'd^dlet). Forms: 7 flajolet, flageollet,-eret, flagolet, 7-9 flagelet, -llet, (8 flagelate), 7- flageolet, [a. Fr .flageolet, dim. of OF. flajol : see Flagel tA 1 ] 1 . A small wind instrument, having a mouth¬ piece at one end, six principal holes, and some¬ times keys. 35-2 FLAGEOLET 276 FLAGON. 1659 Leak Water-whs. 27 A Cyclope plaies upon a Flajolet. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 5 P 3 The Musick pro¬ ceeded from a Consort of Flagelets. 1788 Cowper Death Bullfinch 12 Well-taught he all the sounds express’d Of flagelet or flute. 1840 Dickens OldC. Shop xix, Vagabond groups, .add their uproar to the shrill flageolet. transf. 1662 Tatham Aqua Tri. n To shew they [the winds] were Joves Flagerets. f 2 . A player 011 the flageolet. 05 s. 1676 Etheredge Man of Mode in. iii., That’s one of the walking Flajolets. 3 . A stop in an organ having a tone similar to that of the flageolet. 1852 Seidel Organ 97 Flageolet, .imitates the tone of the instrument bearing the same name. 4 attrib as flageolet-master, done (see quot.). 1667 Pepys Diary 1 Mar., I find the flageolet-master come, and teaching my wife. 1888 Stainer & Barrett Did. Mus. Terms , Flageolet tones, the natural harmonics of stringed instruments, so called from their pure flute-like quality of tone. || Flageolet 2 (floedsflie't, flag*!*). [Fr .flageolet, corruption of fageolet , dim. of fageol:—L,.faseolus. Cf. Fasels.] A species of kidney-bean. 1885 Pall Mall. G. 9 Sept. 4/2 Flageolets, the piece de resistance , are the next cause of amusement. Flaget, var. of Flacket, Obs., a bottle, cask. Flaggan: see Flagon 2 . + Flaggat. Obs. rare. [? var. of Flacket sb . 2 ; but cf. b aggot.] A bundle, faggot. 1375 Barbour Bruce xvii. 615 Gret flaggatis tharof thai maid. Flagged (flsegd), Ppl. a . 1 [f. Flag sb . 2 + -ed 2 .] Paved with flags or slabs of marble, stone, etc. 1634-5 Brereton Trav. (1844) 86 The daintiest flagged channels. 1777 W. Dalrymple Trav. Sp. <$• Port, iii, Our apartment, .had a flagged floor. 1852 R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour lxii. 350 They paced backwards and forwards under the flagged verandah. Flagged (flcegd), ppl. a. 2 [f. Flag sbA + -ed 2 .] Having a flag, decorated with a flag. 1791 Cowper Yardley Oak 96 The deck Of some flagged admiral. 1874 Papworth Coats of Arms 364 A turret arg. flagged gu. Flagger 1 (flae’gai). Anglo-Irish. [Cf. Flag sb . 1 ; also Fligger and OF. Jlechiere , Jlequiere , Jlagiere water plants, flags collectively.] = Flag sb . 1 1842 S. Lover Handy Andy xv, Its banks sedgy, thickly grown with flaggers and bulrushes. 1843 Lever J. Hinton xx, The sedgy banks, whose tall flaggers bow their heads beneath the ripple that eddies from the bow. Fla’gger 2 . [f. Flag vA and sb. 2 + -er 1 .] 1 . One who flags or lays down flagstones. 1868 Whitman Poems, To Working Men 6 Flagging of side-walks by flaggers. 2 . slang. A street-walker. 1865 Daily Paper , Police Report (Farmer), She wasn’t a low sort at all—she wasn't a flagger as we call it. Flagger 3 (fire-gai). [f. Flag sbA + -er k] A man who carries a flag before a traction-engine to warn drivers of vehicles, etc. 1892 Scott. Leader 9 Jan. 4 The ‘ flagger \ who turned up some time after in hot pursuit of the fugitive [engine]. Flagget, var. of Flacket Obs., bottle. Flagging (flse’giq), vbl. sb . 1 [f. Flag v . 1 + -ing k] The action of the vb. Flag 1 . 1611 Cotgr., Alachissement. .a flagging, or falling downe, through feeblenesse. 1668 Culpepper & Cole Bart hoi. Anat. 11. vi. 102 The swelling of the Heart and the Flag¬ ging thereof. 1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1870) 1 .11. v. 236 That flagging of the circulation which accompanies the decline of life. 1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. i. 36 He was inclined to regret, as a spiritual flagging, the lull which he saw. Flagging, vbl. sb . 2 ff. Flag z\3 + -ing L] 1 . The action of paving with flagstones. 1656 H. Webb in D. King Vale Roy all 11. 209 The Flag¬ ging of the long West lie..was this year begun by Dean Mitter. 1824 in Picton L'pool Mimic. Rec. (1886) II. 341 The paving and flagging of streets. 1893 Birkenhead News 9 Dec. 1/2 Tenders for the Flagging, Channelling, and Sewering of various Passages in the Borough. 2 . cotter. The material used in paving ; hence, the pavement. (The two first quots. are doubtful.) 1622 V 1 estry Bks. (Surtees) 178 For making upp a wall and flagging about the bells floore for five dayes att x d. per diem, iiij s. ij d. 1660 I bid. 197 For setting upp the fount and flagging about itt, 8 s. 6 d. 1825 Beverley Lighting Ad ii. 27 The flagging and other materials thereof to be taken up. 1851 Longf. Gold. Leg. 11. i. 50 He. .heard angelic feet Fall on the golden flagging of the street. 1861 Holland Less. Life iii. 39 Stretched at her length upon the flagging. 3 . attrib., as flagging stone. 1830 N. S. Wheaton frnl. 366 A vault covered with a coarse flagging stone. 1868 Lossing Hudson 172 Almost inexhaustible quarries of flagging stone. t Flagging, vbl. sbA Obs. [? f. Flag sb. 4 + -ing k] ? A long flowing hat-band. 1695 Lond. Gaz. No. 3045/4 His Coat whitish, with black Triming, a black Hat and Flaging. Flagging (flse-giq), ppl. a. [f. Flag v} + -ing 2 .] That flags; hanging down, drooping; failing, languid. J 545 Raynold Byrth Mankynde (1564) Cj, That her brestes. .be neyther to great, soft, hangyng, and flaggyng. c 1620 Z. Boyd Zion's Flo7vers (1855) 10 Against the yard The flagging mainsaile flapt. 1636 B. Jonson Discozt. Wks. (Rtldg.) 759/1 The language is thin, flagging, poor, starved. 1715-20 Pope Iliad xxm. 1039 The wounded bird ..With flagging wings alighted on the mast. 1838 Wordsw. Sonnets x, Dull, flagging notes that with each other jar. 1874 L. Stephen Hours in Lib. (1892) I. v. 189 He. .had recourse to .. stimulants to rouse a flagging imagination. Hence Fla ggingly adv. a 1693 Urquhart Rabelais iii. v. 54, I would come off but very faintly and flaggingly. t Flaggish, a. Obs. [f. Flag a. + -ish.] Somewhat ‘ flag’ or lank ; = Flaggy a . 2 1. 1669 Lond. Gaz. No. 402/4 Of a brown flaggish Hair. 1685 Ibid. No. 2058/4 A tall slender man, flaggish lank Hair. Flaggon, var. of Flagon. Flaggy (flte’gi), a. 1 [f. Flag sb . 1 + -y k] 1 . Abounding in flags or reeds. 1382 Wyclif Exod. ii. 3 He. .putte thelitil faunt with ynne, and sette out hym in the flaggi place of the brinke of the flode. 1552 Nottingham Rec. IV. 104 For the flaggy peyse of grounde lyeng..in Estcrofte. 1610 G. Fletcher Christ's Viet, xlix, Old Chamus flaggy banks. . 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 40 There is a little flaggie piece to- wardes the west ende. 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 125 The rings went whirling round, Till they touch’d the flaggy bank. 1884 Public Opinion 5 Sept. 299/2 Its favourite flaggy haunts. 2 . Consisting or made of flags or reeds. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. ix. (1626) 176 The rupture of his browes He shades with flaggie wreathes, and sallow boughes. 1698 J. Fryer E. India Sf Persia 17 Their Flaggy Mansions: Flags, .upheld with some few Sticks, supplying both Sides and Covering to their Cottages. a 1 711 Ken Edmund Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 200 Cam will ere long his flaggy Tresses rear. 3 . Resembling a flag or reed, flag-like. 1577 b. Googe Heresbach' s Husb. (1586) iii. 120 Rather soft sweete grasse, then hie and flaggy. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 1. xxxiv. 45 The common Flower-de-luce hath long and large flaggie leaues, like the blade of a sworde. 1652 Cul¬ peper Eng. Physic. 95 (. Flower-de-luce ) The flaggy kindes thereof have the most physical uses, c 1730 Burt Lett. N. Scotl. (1760) II. xxvi. 310 A kind of short flaggy grass. 4 . Of com, straw, etc.: Having a large flag (see Flag sb . 1 2 ). 1842 frnl. R. Agric. Soc. III. 11. 300 Straw bright and reedy, not flaggy. 1850 Ibid. XI. 11. 691 My com being too strong and flaggy. Flaggy (flas'gi),#. 2 Obs. exc. dial. [f. Flagz^. 1 + - y k Cf. Flag a ., Flaggish.] 1 . Hanging down limply or lankly, drooping, pendulous. 1576 Newton Lonnie's Complex. (1633) 151 The cheekes seeme flaggy and hanging downe. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. xi. 10 His flaggy winges when forth he did display, Were like two sayles. c 1620 T. Robinson M. Magd. 1. 238 Curlinge y° flaggy lockes of the Neptunia plaine. 1681 Lond. Gaz. No. 1614/4 A Tall Man with Brown flaggy Hair. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 40 Basking in the Sun thy Bees may lye, And resting there, their flaggy Pinions dry. 1725 De Foe Voy. Round World ( 1840) 135 Her breasts were plump and round, not flaggy and hanging down. 1814 H. Busk Fugit. Pieces 229 The flaggy sail Chides the dull absence of the quickening gale. 1821 Craig Led. Drawing i. 52 A large head with... wide-spread, flaggy wings .. to represent a Jupiter Pluvius. 2 . Soft and flabby, having no firmness, flaccid. a 1565 Sir T. Chaloner in Q. Eliz. Boethius (E.E.T.S.) 147 My skynne do sagg in wrinkles slacke, my flaggy lymbes do tremble. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 453 It will beare a great flaggy Apple. 1634 T. Horne Janua Ling. (ed. 8) 9 Lillies. .Wither and §row flaggy. 1668 Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. 11. iii. 91 It [the Heart] becomes soft and flaggy, and gives no pulsation. 1705 Bosman Guinea 238 The flesh is so flaggy and the Bacon so sorry. 1888 Elworthy W. Somerset Wordbk., Flaggy , flabby, limp. Hence Flagginess, the state of being flaggy. 1654 Z. Coke Logic Ded. (1657) A iij b, Through the flag- ginesse of her Pinion. 1684 tr. Band's Merc. Compit. xiv. 480 When there is a weakness oi^the Stomach, especially a flagginess. 1736 Bailey Househ. Did. 60 The lungs, by their flagginess fastening themselves to the sides.. 1755 Johnson Flagginess , laxity, limberness, want of tension. Flaggy (flce'gi), a . 3 [f. Flag sb . 2 + -y 1 .] Cleaving readily into flags, capable of being split up, laminate. 1847 Ansted Anc. World iii. 23 A grayish-coloured sandy stone, often slaty or fldl^gy. 1877 A. H. Green Phys. Geol. ii. § 7. 85 A rock which is regularly and not very thickly bedded, so that it can be split up into slabs for paving, is called Flaggy, or a Flagstone. Flagitate (flte'djjit^t), v. [f. L.fldgitdl- ppl. stem a J?resshesst tu [>in corn wi]?b fle^l. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A.%vn. 174 Faytors . .flapten on with fleiles from morwe til euen. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 15 Alle ranne theder .. some with a rake, some with a brome..some with a flayel. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 134 b, The flayle tryeth y e come from the chaffe. 1635 Cowley Davideis iv. 170 Nor did great Gideon his old Flail disdain, After won Fields. 1727 Swift Gulliver iii. ii. 183 A blown bladder fastened like a flail at the end of a short stick. 1868 Rogers Pol. Econ. x. (1876) 24 Thirty years ago all corn, or nearly all corn, was threshed by the flail. Prcmerb. 1674, 1730 [see Fence jA 3]. b. fig. Also in phrase To be threshed with your own flail : to be treated as you have treated others. c 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xxxii. 121 Beten wyth the flayel of fortune. 1589 Pappe w. Hatchet (1844' 23 Faith Martin, you shall bee thresht with your owne flaile. 168a Dryden Mac Fl. 82 A scourge of Wit, and flayle of Sense. 1781 Cowper Expost. 302 Flails of oratory thresh the floor. 1831 Carlyle in Froude Life (1882) II. 208 A tall, loose .. vehement-looking flail of a man. 2 . A military weapon resembling a threshing-flail in construction, but usually of iron or strengthened with iron, and often having the striking part armed with spikes. Cf. Morning-stab. Also Protestant Jlail (Eng. Hist. 1 : a weapon consisting of a short staff, loaded with lead, attached to the wrist by a strap; it is said to have been cairied during the excitement FLAIL. 278 FLAKE. of the ‘ Popish Plot* (1678-81) by persons who professed to be in fear of murderous assaults by ‘ Papists’. c 1475 Partenay 2999 Flaelles thre of yre. c 1500 Meltisine xxxviii. 303 The geaunt toke hys flayel of yron, & gaf geffray a grete buffet. 1596 Spenser F. Q. v. ix. 19 He with his yron flaile Gan drive at him, with .. might and maine. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple /si. xi 24 She .. Drove farre their dying troops, & thresht with iron flail. ? c 1682 Ballad in Roxb. Ball. IV. 35 Listen a while, and I’ll tell you a tale Of a new Device of a Protestant Flayl. a 1734 North Exam. (1740) 572 A certain Pocket Weapon, .called a Protestant Flail. 1887 Diet. Nat. Biog. XI. 332 [S. College] made himself notorious, .by inventing a weapon, .which he called * the protestant flail*. t 3 . [After F .pilau.] Something that swings on a pivot, a. A swing-bar for a gate. b. A beam like that of a balance (by which two buckets can be lowered alternately into a draw-well), c. A lever with the free extremity weighted, forming part of a cider-press. Obs. c 1450 Merlin 206 Merlin caught the flayle of the yate and lukked it to hym and yede oute as lightly as it hadde not aue ben lokked. c 1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. x. 177 Law¬ rence gird downe [the well].. The other bade aboue and held the flaill. 1691 Worlidge Cyder (ed. 3) 113 The Flail-Press . .with heavy Weights or Stones at the end of the Flail. + 4 . As transl. of L . flagellum : A scourge. Obs. 1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 139 Takenge a flayle in theire honde. 5 . allrib. and Comb., as flail-man ; flail-finned, -like adjs. Also, flail-cap ( = Du. vlegelkap, Ger. flegelkappe) , the cap (Cap sb . 1 12) or Caplin of a flail; flail-capping dial. = prec.; -f flail-press (see 3 c) ; f flail-staff, the part of the flail held in the hands; flail-stone, an elongated stone with a hole at one end, for use as a flail-swingle; f flail- swinger, a thresher; flail-swingle, the swinging or freely-moving part of the flail. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 165/1 *Fleyl cappe, cappa. 1878 Cumbld. Gloss., * Flail cappin , the leather attached to the upper end of the flail soople. 1630 Donne Progress Soul xxxvi. Poems (1669) 302 The *Flail-finn’d Thresher and steel-beak’d Sword-fish. 1880 Browning Dram. Idylls Ser. 11. 224 A human sheaf it thrashed *Flail-like. 1855 J. Hewitt Anc. Armour I. 327 The *flail-man in our engraving is engaged in the assault of a castle. 1864 Ld. Palmerston in Daily Tel. 16 Dec., When the first threshing machines were introduced there was a revolt, .among the flail-men. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 165/2 *Fleyl staffe, or honde staffe, manu- tentum. 1851 D. Wilson Pre/i. Ann. (1863) I. 190 Like the ruder *flail-stone, the morning-star, when efficiently wielded, must have proved a deadly weapon, c 1515 Cocke LorelVs B. (Percy Soc.) 4 Adam auerus *flayle swenger. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 165/2 *Fleyle swyngyl, virga. Flail (fte'l), v. Also 5 flayle, 7 fleyle. [f. prec. sb. In early examples of sense 1 perh. ad. OF .flacler L .fiagelldre to Flagellate.] 1 . /vans. To scourge, whip ; to beat or thrash. Also to flail along, to drive by beating. 14.. Songs <$• Carols (Percy Soc.) lx. 72 They hym naylyd and yl flaylyd, Alas, that innocent! 1839 K. H. Digby Mores Catholici ix. xi. 373 He flails me, and makes all my body burn with his fire. 1873 Holland A. Bonnie, v. 85 That’s the way my mother always flailed me. 1888 Boldre- wood Robbery under Arms (1890) 7 We soon got sharp enough to flail him [a pony] along with a quince stick. 2 . To strike with or as with a flail. 1583 Stanyhurst sEneis, etc. (Arb.) 138 For Mars they [the Cyclopes] be sternfulye flayling Hudge spoaks and Chariots. 1622 H. Sydenham Serm. Sol. Occ. 11. 97 If we can fleyle down the transgressions of the time. 1878 Stevenson Inland Voy. 165 The misery .. made me flail the water with my paddle like a madman. 1878 Cutnbld. Gloss., Flail, to hit; to beat with a down stroke. 1883 Blackw. Mag. Nov., With giant stroke she flails about, And heaps a score of dead. 3 . To thresh (corn) with a flail. 1821 Sir J. D. Paul Rouge et Noir 24 Clod. .Pens verses on the sheaves he should be flailing. Jig. 1857 Whittier What of the Day 30 See .. through its cloud of dust, the threshing-floor, Flailed by the thunder, heaped with chaffless grain ! t Flai-ly, a. Obs. rare— 1 . In 7 flaly. [f. Flail sb. + -Y !.] Acting like a flail. 1632 Vicars pencili v. 123 At once all furrows plow.. With flaly-oares and slicing foredecks fierce. Flain, obs. pa. pple. of Flay. Flair 1 (fle°ij. [a. OF. and Y. flair, i.flairier, flairer to smellpopular L. jldgrare, altered form of fragrare : see Fragrant.] + 1 . An odour, a smell. Obs. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 9017 Alle swete savours .. War noght hot als stynk to regard of ))at flayre. la 1400 Morte Arl/i. 772 Syche a vennymous flayre flowe fro his lyppez. || 2 . [mod.Fr.] Power of ‘scent’, sagacious per¬ ceptiveness, instinctive discernment. 1881 Mrs. Lynn Linton My Love I. 291 Gip, with the keen 'flair' of her kind, saw how things stood. 1885 Miss Braddon Wyllard's Weird If. iL 47, I see you have the true flair. Flair 2 (fleea). Also flare. [Cf. OY. flair (14th C.) some kind of flat fish.] The ray or skate. 1668 Wilkins Real Char. 11. v. § 3. 133 Flare, Thornback. a 1672 Willughby Ichthyogr. (1686) Tab. C. N. 5 The Skate or Flair. 1710 Sibbald Hist. Fife ii. 50 Raia leevis , the Skate or Flair* 1740 R. Brookes Art of Angling 11. v. 103 The Scate or Flare .. is a gristly Fish, with a flat smooth, and very broad Body. 1862 Couch Brit. Fishes I. 87. Flair, var. form of Flare. t Flai*ring, ppl. a. Obs . In 3 fleirand. [pr. pple. of *flair vb., a. OF. flairier\ see Flair 1 .] Smelling ; odorous, scented. a 1300 Cursor M. 3695 (Cott.)Quen he had field his fleirand cloth. Flaitchment: see Fleechment. t Flaite, vA Obs. rare -1 . [? for ^flate, Flat vA] intr. ?To flatter. c 1430 Hymns Virg. (1867 ) 74 Quod ouerhope, ‘]>an y flatir, 6 sumtyme flaite )?ou schalt lyue, and \>\ silf it haue’. Flaite (fl am tighte. 1415 Churchw. Ace. Somerset ( 1890)68 For fityng off flakes and hurdylls .. vj d. e 1470 Harding Citron, clxxvii. i W hen they were ouer y d quake of mosse & mire, They drewe the flekes ay after as they went. 1511 Nottingham Rec. III. 330, ij. fleykes to be set bytwen y° masons and the wynde. 1513 Douglas AEneis xi. ii. 14 Sum of Eneas feris bessely Flakis to plet thame pressis by and by. 1743 Lond. <$• Country Brew. iv. (ed. 2) 322 If the Wind blows there are set Fleaks to shelter the Heap. 1863 Greaves in N. <$■ Q. Ser. 3 III. 96 This [oblong mound] is surrounded by iron fleaks or hurdles. b. The same used as a temporary gate. c 1514 Exam. C. More in Chctham Misc. II. 16 Never 3ate..but a letull fleke that was for the most parte teyed fast. 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agrie. (1681) 325 A Fleack, a Gate set up in a Gap. 1847 Halliwell, F'lake .. a tem¬ porary gate or door. 2 . A frame or rack for storing provisions, in mod. use esp. oat-cakes. Cf. bread-flake. c 1420 Pallad. on Hush. xii. 248 Plommes summen drie, And hem on fleykes kepe. 1519 Horman Vulg. 156 b, Ley this meate in trayes and flekis. 1578 Richmond Wills (Sur¬ tees) 281, iiij chesis and a flake, iiijs .. A chese flake, iiij d . 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 171 One peare of fleakes. 1800 Trans. Soc. Encowag. A rts XVIII. 335 Netted frames, resembling the flakes used in Yorkshire for drying oat-cakes. 1865 B. Brierley Irkdalc I. 91 A ‘flake’ or ‘fleigh’, well thatched with cresp-looking and nicely browned oatcakes. b. A stage or frame used for drying produce, esp. fish ; a fish-flake. Upland flake : a flake for drying codfish, built permanently upon the shore. 1623 Whitbourne Newfoundland 57 Flakes whereon men yeerely dry their fish. 1649 Blithe Eng. Imprcm. Irnpr. xxxv. (16531 230 When it [Woad] is ground it is to be. .laid upon the fleakes to dry. 1792 J. Belknap Hist. New- Hanipsh. III. 215 The fish is. -spread on hurdles, composed of brush, and raised on stakes, about three or four feet from the ground ; these are called flakes. 1876 Bancroft Hist. U. S. II. xxxvi. 393 Wherever safe inlets invited fishermen to spread their flakes. 3 . Naut. (See quot.) 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Flake, a small shifting stage, hung over a ship’s side to caulk or repair a breach. ]- 4 . A flap on a saddle to keep the rider’s knee from touching the horse. [Perh. a distinct word. Cf. Flet sbfi] Obs. 1568 Turberv. in Hakl. Voy. I. 388 Of birch their saddles he, Much fashioned like the Scottish seates, broad flakes to keepe the knee From sweating of the horse. 5 . Alining. A framework of boards, used as a shelter against rain and wind. 1653 Manlove Lead-mines 8 Fleaks, Knockings, Coestid, 1747 Hooson Miner's Did. I j b, Fleaks [are] those very useful things that the Miner uses to make for Shilter, when he has as yet no Coe to hold off the Wind and Rain from his Shaft. 1824 in Mander Derbysh. Miners' Gloss. 6. attrib. and Comb., as flake-hurdle ; also flake- room, flake-yard, 1 an inclosure in which flakes for drying salt are built, and in which fish are dried’ (Cent. Diet.). 1890 Gloucestersh. Gloss., *Flake or Vlake hurdle, a wat¬ tled hurdle. 1894 Morris Wood beyond World xvii. 132 A tali fence of flake-hurdles. Flake (flr'k),rA 2 Forms: 6-8 fleak (e, 9 dial. fleak, Sc. flaike, 4- flake. [Ofdifficult etymology: possibly several distinct words have coalesced, though ultimate derivation from the Aryan root plag- (cf. Gr. wKTjyvvvat to beat), parallel and synonymous with plak- (cf. Lith. plak it 1 beat) may plausibly account for all the senses, and also I for the fact that most of these resemble senses be¬ longing to Flaw or Flaught, or to related words in other Teut. langs. (f. Aryan root plak-'). Sense 1 has not been found earlier than Chaucef, though Junius cites an OE. ‘flacea 7 JlsdSra, flaws or flakes of snow ’; it appears to be cognate with ON. flike flock of wool, lock of hair, and peih. with OHG .floccho of same meaning (if this be genuinely a Tent, word, repr. a pre-Teut. *phgnln-, and not an adoption of L. floccus) ; the OE .flacor, flutter¬ ing, has also been compared. The Da. flage, sneflage, usually cited as equivalent to E. flake, perh. corresponds rather to Flaw (Da. g represent¬ ing ON. g as well as ON. k); the Dansk Ordbog 1800 explains it as a large mass of falling snow, as opposed to flok which means a ‘ flake ’ in the Eng. sense. The senses expressing the notion of ‘ some¬ thing peeled or split off’ may be compared with Flay v. (OTeut. *flah- OAryan *plak-). There is possibly a third primary sense, ‘ something flat ’; cf. OHG .flah adj. (mod.Ger .flach), Du. zdak flat, Svv. flaka plate, Norw. flak ice-floe. But the mutual relation of the Eng. senses is very un¬ certain.] 1 . a. One of the small flocculent pieces in which snow falls. c 1384 Chaucer H. Fame hi. 102 As flakes fallen in great snowes. 1589 Pappe w. Hatchet 2 For your flakes of snowe weele pay you with stones of hayle. 1597-8 Bp. Hall Sat. 1. vii, White as. .flakes new blowne. a 1649 Drumm. Hawth. Poems Wks. (1711) 5 Temples spread with flakes of virgin snow. 1784 Cowper Task iv. 326 1 ’he downy flakes De¬ scending .. Assimilate all objects. 1820 Shelley Sensitive Plant in. 26 The rose-leaves, like flakes of crimson snow, Paved the turf. b. A light fleecy tuft; a small piece of some light loosely-cohering substance, as down or fluff; a flock ; a fleecy streak (of cloud). 1653 H. More Atitid. Ath. ii. vii. (1712) 61 All the Busi¬ nesses of Men do very much depend upon these little long Fleaks or Threads of Hemp and Fiax. 1665 Hooke Microgr . 202 Looking most like to a flake of Worsted repar’d to be spun. 1712 tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 153 n the Flake [ori g.flocon] there are seven Seeds as large as Lupins. 1741 Stack in Phil. Trans. XLI. 600 Some small Fleaks of Clouds. 1833 Ht. Martineau. Manch. Strike i. 14 You had rather see her covered with white cotton flakes than with yellow ribands. 1855 Kingsley Heroes 1. (1868) 5 Rocks and breakers and flying flakes of foam. 1877 Black Green Past. xxxv. (1878) 278 There was not a flake of cloud in the sky. c. ? Gossamer thread, rare — 1 . 1817 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. II. xxiii. 336 They pull in their long thread, .so as to form it into a ball, .of flake. 2 . A portion of ignited matter thrown off by a burning or incandescent body; a detached portion of flame ; t a flash (of lightning). 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. B. 954 Flakes of soufre. 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. ii. 5 The rosy red Flasht through her face, as it had beene a flake Of lightning through bright heven fulmined. 1601 Weever Mirr. Mart. E viij b, Which all at once doe vomit Sulphure flakes. 1602 Marston Antonio s Rev. 1. iii, All the upper vault Thick lac’t with flakes of fire. 1660 Howell Lexicon, Flakes that flee from hammered red hot iron. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 254 Huge Flakes of Flames expire. 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. I. 303 Like falling flakes of fire. 1877 Bryant Poems , Voice of Autumn i, Forest leaves, .fall, like flakes of light. 3 . A minute exfoliated piece of something a scale, flattish fragment; + a splinter (of wood). In the first quot. app .flg. y a ‘ bit small portion. c 1500 Maid Emlyn 109 in Hazl. E. P. P. IV. 86 A frere dyd she gyue Of her loue a flake. 1533 More Apol. i. Wks. 845/2 Sifted to y e vttermost flake of branne. 1599 T. M[oufet] Silkworntes 69 Some graines of muske and Ambres flake, a 1648 Digby Closet Open, in Leisure H* (1884) 377/1 Three or four flakes of Mace. 1676 Grew Anat. Plants (1682) 263 Flakes or Grains of Bay-Salt. 1705 Addison Italy 370 Little Flakes of Scurfe. C1720 W. Gibson L'an ier's Guide 11. lxxxix. (1738) 252 A Prick of a Nail, a Stub, or a Fleak. 1799 G. Smith Laboratory I. 21 Fine iron flakes. 4 . A thin broad piece peeled or split off from the surface of something. In recent use also spec, a chip of hard stone used in prehistoric times as a cutting instrument; cf. Flint-flake. 1591 G. Fletcher Russe Contnrw. (Hakluyt Soc.) 14 They, teare it [a rock] into thin flakes..and so use it for glasse-lanthorns. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 467 The flint or rock .. will cleaue in length, and come away by the sides in broad flakes. 1607 Topsell Serpents (1658) 675 A thin fleak of a horn, which being laid over black, seemeth black. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 218 The Beam and Tooth .. cut and tore away great Flakes of the Mettal. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. xvi. (1852) 369 The shells .. scaling off in flakes. 1865 Lubbock Preh. Times i. (1878) 13 We have a list com¬ prising .. 310 long flakes and about 2000 small ones. 1875 Lyell Trine. Geol. II. in. xlvii. 367 Flint Flakes having a fine cutting edge, .are met with. b. A piece of skin or flesh peeled or torn off; + a torn strip (of a garment). - 16x1 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. iv. iii. Schisme 236 Her mantle (tattered all in flakes). 1802 Med. Jrnl. VIII. 30 The skin, instead of becoming branny, separated in large flakes. 1877 Bryant Odyss. v. 520 Flakes of skin .. Were left upon the rock. 1894 Daily Neius 26 June 8/2 The flesh hung in flakes, .on his arm. FLAKE 279 FLAM. 5 . A stratum, lamina, or layer. (In quot. 1616 applied to the shell of an oyster.) iS77 B. Googe Hcresbach's Husb. (1586) 1. 21 b, The Plowe ..breakes it not small yenough, but turneth up great flakes. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage v 1. v. § 2 (1626) 649 A Sedgie Reed .. called Papyrus, which easily diuides it selfe into thinne flakes. 1616 Browne Brit. Fast. 11. iii. 56 And claps it twixt the two pearle hiding flakes Of the broad yawning Oyster. 1828 Stark Etem. Nat. Hist. 11 .485 Flakes or thin laminae. 1843 Portlock Geol. 543 A dark green, talcose, clayey matter, disposed in irregular flakes. 1882 Garden 14 Jan. 27/3 Thymes and Veronicas grow over stones in great flakes when let alone. b. pi. (See quot.) 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining, Flaikes , shaly or fissile sandstone. 6. A (loose) sheet of ice; a floe. *555 Eden Decades 305 The flakes or pieses of Ise doo flote aboue the water. 1685 Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) I. 297 Vast flakes of ice of severall miles. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 139 To coast..in small vessels, between the great flakes of ice and the shore. 1820 W. Scoresby A ret. Beg. I. 243 Immense flakes of ice. .resembling fields in the extent of their surface. 7 . pL The portions into which the flesh, esp . of certain fish, naturally falls. 1611 Bible Job xli. 23 The flakes of his flesh are ioyned together. 1622 Drayton Poly-olb. xxvi. (1748) 371 [The salmon] whose grain doth rise in flakes with fatness inter¬ larded. 1698 Tyson Opossum in Phil. Trans. XX. 139 Laminas [of fat]. .easily separable from one another, in broad Fleaks. 1892 H. Hutchinson Fairway I si. 19 The salmon .. was insipid .. though Mr. Trewin .. showed the curd between its flakes. 8. A bundle of parallel threads or fibres ; a lock or band of hair not twisted or plaited, arch. 1592 Lyly Midas in. ii, Your mustachoes. .hanging downe to your mouth like goates flakes. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. 37 Maho. .Whose Bark is made up of strings or threads. .You may draw it off either in flakes or small threads. 1713 Steele Guardian No. 86 F 5 The flakes of hair which naturally suggest the idea of lightning. 1792 Dibdin Female Cricsoe in Naval Chron. XXIV. 464, I dressed some, .cotton into.. thin flakes. 1839 Marryat Phantom Ship viii, His hair .. fell in long flakes upon his shoulders. 1870 Swinburne Ess. 4- Stud. (1875) 363 The heavy straying flakes of un¬ filleted hair. transf. 1658 Rowland Moufet's Theat. Ins. 908 That Honey is best for substance, which .. if you lift it up .. falls to the earth still homogeneous, unsevered, no way parted asunder, but remaines in one continued flake or line. 9 . A kind of carnation with striped petals. 1727 Bradley Fam. Diet. s. v. Carnation , The Flakes are of two Colours only, and those always strip’d. 1822 Loudon Encycl. Gardening in. 11. 977 The varieties of this flower [carnation] are now arranged in three classes: flakes, bi- zarres, and picotees. 10 . [from the vb] A small fracture or ‘chip’. 1866-7 G. Stephens Runic Mon. I. 205 A mere accidental flake, and not touching the letter itself. 11. a. attrib. in the trade names for varieties of certain products, as flake-manna, - tapioca , - tobacco , from their flaky appearance. 1886 Daily Ncius 24 Dec. 2/6 Tapioca .. Singapore flake sold at rather firmer prices. 1889 Syd. Soc. Lex. s. v. Manila, Flake Manna, a term employed in English commerce to denote the larger fragments and better qualities of manna. 1894 IVestm. Gaz. 14 Feb. 2/1 Flake tobaccos.. are growing . .in popularity. b. Comb., as flake-heaped ppl. a.; also flake- feather, a plumule of extreme fineness and silky texture, found in falconine birds; hence flake- feathered adj. (in quot. transf.) ; flake-knife (see sense 4); flake-stand, the cooling-tub of a still- worm ; flake-white, a pigment made from the purest white-lead in the form of flakes or scales. 1837 W. Macgillivray Brit. Birds I. Introd. 79 If it be necessary to give these feathers a name, they may be called *flake-feathers. 1848 D. Greenwell Poems 35 The *flake- feathered trees show like giant plumes. 1880 Browning Dram. Idylls Ser. 11. Pan 4- Luna 38 *Flake-heaped how or whence, The structure of that succourable cloud. What matter? 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Man. viii. 195 The *flake-knives are very rude. 1830 Donovan Dom. Econ. I. 255 The mash-tun and *flakestand might both be worth twelve shillings. 1660 Albert Durer Revived 18 White Lead, or * Flake White. 1752 Lady Luxborough Let. to Shenstone 6 Nov., My great parlour, .is painted with flake- white. 1883 J. Payn Thicker than Water xxix. (1884) 229 Her whole face with a pallor on it like flake white or dead white. + Flake, sb.Z Obs. [Cf. Du. vlak blot, speck; also Fleck sb.] A blemish, flaw, fleck. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. A. 946 Hys flok is with-outen flake. 1555 Eden Decades 233 They espie in theim euery smaule spot or flake. t Flake, sbA Obs. rare— 1 . [? a. Y.flaque or Du. vlacke (Kilian).] A shallow pool, salt-marsh. 1598 tr. Linschoten s Disc. Voy. 1. iii. 5/2 Vpon the coast of Brasillia .. lieth great flakes or shallowes, which the Portingales call Abrashos. t Flake, sbA Obs. Also fleake. [Cf. OHG. flee blow, stroke, also Du. vlaag gust of wind, Flaw.] a. ?A heavy blow. b. A gust of wind. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Salisbury xxxix, A pellet came, and drove a myghty fleake, Agaynst my face. 1626 Capt. Smith Accid. Vug. Seamen 17 A flake of wind. Flake (fle flese was ferly to see. 1546 Bale Eng. Votaries 1. 39/1 A. .starre, whiche semed with flamynges of fyre to fall into the sea. . 1854 Ruskin Lect. Archit. Add. 128 Wherever colour is intro¬ duced, ornamentation, .may consist in mere spots, or bands, or flamings. Flaming (fle flawmand swerde J?at Godd ordaynd |?are before [?e entree. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas, xliii. ix, Thus in flamynge tonges all aboute I flye. 1611 Bible Gen. iii. 24 A flaming sword. 1781 Gibbon Decl. F. III. 137 The spoil, and cattle, of the flaming villages. 1821 Shelley Prometh. Unb. 1. 88 Nor yon volcano’s flam¬ ing fountains. fig. 1422 tr. Secreta SecretPriv. Priv. (E. E. T. S.) 191 A flawmyng vertu dwellys yn ]>e hert. 1509 Hawes Joyf. Medit. 17 O flambynge honour of euery hardy herte. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) VIII. ii. 16 O these flaming spirits ! 1874 Morley Compromise (1886) 264 The flaming hopes of its friends. + b. Flaming chapel = F. cliapelle ardente : a chapel or chamber thickly set with lighted tapers. 1802 Paris as it was II. lxvii. 318 A flaming chapel was constructed at the entrance of the house. 2 . Burning hot, inflamed, fiery. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, in. 841 Red Blisters .. And flaming Carbuncles. 1786 Burns ‘ Once fondly lov'd', Who, distant, burns in flaming torrid climes. 1871 R. Ellis Catullus lxiv. 354 As some labourer. .Under a flaming sun. b. quasi-^/z/., as flaming-hot. lit. and flg. 1638 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 32 The wind less’ned, and weather grew flaming hot. 1681 Baxter Apol. Nonconf. Min. hi Flaming-hot Disputer. 3 . transf. Emitting rays of light, flashing, glow¬ ing, brilliant. + Flaming fly = Firefly. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. B. 1468 Alle )>e fruyt in \>o formes of flaumbeande gemmes. ?« 1400 Morte Arth. 198 Ffesauntez enflureschit in flammande silver, c 1400 Destr. Troy 3986 Hir ene flamyng fresshe, as any fyne stones. 1686 Plot Staffordsh. 116 Our English Glow-wormes, as well as the American, or flaming-flyes, have a luminous juice in their tailes. 1744 Berkeley Siris § 187 The glory of the Lord, which was wont to appear in a flaming light. 1826 Disraeli Viv. Grey iii. vii, The large yellow eye grew more flaming and fiery. b. in regard to colour: Resembling flame, very bright or vivid. c 1450 Crt. of Love 793 Her mouth is short .. Flaming somedele, not over red. 1638 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 297 The Bannana’s .. from a dark-greene, mellow into a flaming yellow. 1718 Prior Solomon 1. xxxvi, At Noon in flaming Yellow bright. 1863 Miss Braddon Eleanor*s Viet. II. i. 3 The flaming poppies among the ripening corn. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. VI. xvi. xii. 282 Voltaire has used his flamingest colours on this occasion, f c. Of a person : Gaudy, * loud \ flaring. 1781 R. King London Spy 95 A serjeant of the guards entered, .with a flaming wench. 4. fig. Highly coloured, highflown ; startling, extravagant. 1606 Shaks. Tr. 4 Cr. 1. ii. 115 He hauing colour enough, and the other higher, is too flaming a praise for a good complexion. 1720 De Foe Capt. Singleton xi. (1840) 191, I had heard some flaming stories of Captain Avery, and the fine things he had done in the Indies. 1796 Jane Austen Pride <$• Prej. x. (1813) 224 The good lady .. did give him a most flaming character. 1850 Prescott Peru II. 6 The flaming pictures .. given by the natives of the riches of the land. 1868 Helps Realmah II. xvii. 287 There comes out a flaming attack against some poor man. 5 . Flagrant, glaring, monstrous. ? Obs. 1706 Collier Reply to Dr. Filmer (1730) 412 The most flaming Instances of Vice. 1737 Waterland Eucharist 583 A flaming Absurdity. 6. Like waving flame in appearance; flamboyant. 1375 Barbour Bruce xi. 192 Vith baneris richt freschly flawmand. 1686 Loud. Gaz. No. 2176/4 A Silver Hilted Sword, with the Blade waved or flaming. 1874 Boutell Arms <$• Arm. ix. 177 The blade of this sword not un¬ commonly affected a wavy or flaming ( flamboyante ) outline. Hence Fla’mingly adv. 1627-77 Feltham Resolves 1. xx. 37 How quaint and flamingly amorous [is Solomon] in the Canticles. 1681 Baxter Acc. Sherlocke v. 203 Why would he meddle (and so flamingly meddle) with what he understands not ? 1834 H. Ainsworth Rookwood 1. iv. (1878) 31 A flamingly gilt dial. x888 Ifarper's Mag. Nov. 838/1 You are flamingly patriotic. Flamingo (flaming*?). Forms: 6 (fleming), flemengo, 7-8 flemingo, flamenco, 7- flamingo. See also Fleming, Flaman. [a. Pg. flamengo, Sp. flamenco, Pr. flamenc, according to Hatzf.-Darm. f. Horn, flavia Flame sb. + suffix -enc (a. Teut. -ing) often appended in Pr. and occas. in OF. to sbs. of L. origin. The F. name, flamatit, is believed to be an alteration of the Pr. form ; cf. OF. ferrant iron- gray, from ferrenc. So called from the colour.] 1 . A bird of the genus Phanicopterus , with bright scarlet plumage, extremely long and slender legs and neck, and a heavy bent bill. 1565 J. Sparke in Hakluyt Voy. III. 520 The fowle of the fresh riuers. .whereof the Flemengo is one,hauing all redde feathers. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 212 Sundry other Birds, as .. Passe-flemingoes. 1697 Dampier Voy. (1729) I. 70, I saw a few Flamingo’s, which is a sort of large Fowl. 1867 Jean Ingelow Songs on Voices Birds, Sandmartins, Where rosy-winged flamingos fish all day. 2. attrib . and Comb., as flamingo-legged adj. ; flamingo flower or plant, a name for Anthurium scherzerianum. 1862 Thornbury Turner I. 14 A flamingo-legged footman. 1882 Garden 1 Apr. 212/2 The Flamingo flower. Ibid. 9 Sept. 226/1 The Flamingo plant. + Flamrnical, a. Obs. [f. F. flamin-, flamen Flamen + -ic + -al.] Of or pertaining to a flamen. 1641 Milton Ch. Govt. Wks. 1738 I. 63 Superstitious Copes and flaminical Vestures. Flamm, flam, ? incorrect form of Flawn. (But cf. Flammick.) 1819 Scott Bride Lammenn. x, A tart—a flam—and some nonsense sweet things. 1820 — Monast. xvi, The wafers, flamms, and pastrymeat. t Flammabrlity. Obs. Also 7 flamability. [f. next; see -bility, -ity.] = Inflammability. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vi. xii. 335 The oily fat and unctuous parts wherein consist the principles of flamma¬ bility. 1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chyrn. 246 The same Essential properties of Flamability. Flammable (flae'mab’l), a. [f. L. flammdre to set on fire : see -able.] = Inflammable. 1813 Busby tr. Lucretius I. 731 That igneous seeds, no longer linked To matter flammable, become extinct. 1867 Morning Star 12 Apr., Their houses are built of much less flammable materials than ours. t Flamma tion. Obs. In 7 flamation. [n. of action f. F. flammdre ; see prec.] Exposure to fire. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 11. v. 90 White or Cris¬ taline arsenick. .sublimed with salt, will not endure flamation. Flammeous (flseTn/as), a. Now rare. [f. L. flamme-us (f. flamma flame) + -ous.] 1 . Of the nature of flame. 1664 H. More Myst. Iniq. 45 An inanimate and un¬ intelligent masse of flammeous matter. 1686 Goad Celest. Bodies 11. vii. 245 Comets are Flammeous, or Lucid Expirations, .produced by the Planets. 1775 in Ash. 2. Resembling flame or its attributes; flame¬ like ; hence, shining, resplendent. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iii. xxv. 177 This flammeous light [of the Glow-worme]. 1672 Phil. Trans. VII. 4071 The flammeous Life of the Bloud. X728 Earbery tr. Bur¬ net's St. Dead II. 34 The Glory of the Person of Christ is. .described, .as lucid and flammeous. 3 . Flame-coloured. 1656-81 Blount Glossogr., Flammeous , somewhat coloured like a flame of fire. 1867 A. L. Adams Wand. Nat. India FLAMMICK 283 FLANE. 113 The flammeous flycatcher (Pericrocotus flammeus).. red is the prevailing hue of the former [males]. Flammery, obs. var. of Flummery. t Flammick. Obs. rare - 1 . [a. ¥. flamiche.] A confection made with butter, eggs, and cheese. 1600 Surflet Countrif Farme v. xxii. 720. t Fla'mmid, a. Obs. rare— 1. [ad. L .flam- mid-us , i.flamma flame.] Flame-coloured ; red. 1610 W. Folkingham Art 0/Survey 1. iii. 5 The flammid Carbuncle, purple Amethyst. Flammiferous, a. rare - °. [f. L. flammifer bearing flame (f. flamm-a Flame + -fer bearing) + -OUS.] Bearing or producing flame. 1656 81 in Blount. 1721-1800 in Bailey. In mod. Diets. Flammigerous, a. rare. Also 6 flamiger- ous. [f. L .Jlammiger bearing flame (f. flamma + -ger bearing) + -ous.] Bearing flame; in quots. fig. 1592 R. D. Hyptierotomachia 44 One of these flamigerous Nymphes. 1596 R. L[inche] Diella v, With that inrag’d (flamigerous as he is). 1775 in Ash. Flammi'vomous, a. rare, [f. L .fiammivom- us (f. Jlamm-a flame + -voinus vomiting) + -ous.] Vomiting out flame. 1663-76 Bullokar, Flammivomous , vomiting or belching flames of fire. 174s W. Thompson Sickness 11. 284 Hark, how the anvils thunder round the dens Flammivomous ! + Fla - mpoint. Obs. Forms: 4 flaumpeyn, 5 flampoynte, flampayn, -peyn, -poyne, 6 flam- pett. [? a. F. *Jlan points .] A pie or tart orna¬ mented with pointed pieces of pastiy. c 1390 in Pegge Forme 0/ Cury (1780) 54 To make Flaum- peyns. 14. in Househ. Ord. (1790) 443 Flampoyntes. 1494 Fabyan Citron, vn. 587 Flampeyn flourished with a Sco- chounr oyall. 1525 in Pegge Forme of Cury (1780) 173 Item, a Flampett. Flamy (fl 3 ; + Flan- ders-fortunes, -pieces (see quots.); t Flanders tile (a) = Flanders brick ; (b) = Dutch tile. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, * Flanders-brick. 1875 Ure's Diet. Arts II. 401 Fla?iders Bricks, commonly called Bath bricks. [1433 Nottingham Rec. II. 140 Unam cistam Flaundr’.] 1460 In7). in Ripon Ch. Acts 365 De j *flandyrs kist, 35. 1652 Inv. T. Teanby of Barton-on-Humber (N ’. IV. Line. Gloss. \ One fflaunders chist. 1721 Strype Eccl. Mem. II. xii. 338 His standard an unicorn silver ermine .. and his pensils *Flanders colour. 1557 Wills <$• Inv. N. C. (Surtees 1835) 158 In the Halle ij *flanders counters wt h ther carpetts xx 8 . 1842 M c Culloch Diet. Commerce s.v. Flax, *Flanders or Dutch flax is. .of the finest quality, a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, * Flanders-foriunes, of small Substance. 1664 Newsman 26 May in Mrs. Palliser Lace vii. 102 A black lute-string gown with a black *Flanders lace. 1690 Evelyn Mundus Muliebris 3 With a broad Flanders Lace below. 1686 Lond. Gaz. No. 2170/4 An open *Flanders.lac’d Neck¬ cloth. 1613-16 W. Browne Brit. Past. 1. v. 505 A stubborne Nagge of Galloway .. or a *Flaunders Mare. 1816 Scott Old Mort. ii, A wheel-carriage .. dragged by eight long¬ tailed Flanders mares, a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant . Crew, * Flanders-pieces, Pictures that look fair at a distance, but coarser near at Hand. 1664 Dryden Rival Ladies hi. i, He lov’d that * Flanders shape, that lump of Earth And Phlegm together. 1544 Liber Magnus C. C. C. Oxon. (MS.), Impensa sacelli It’ pro oleo et *flawnderstele ad mundanda candelabra sacelli, iiij d. 1577 Googe Heres- bach's Husb. iv. (1586) 161 b, To beate in powder Bricke, or Flaunders Tyle. 1600-1 Trinity Coll. Acc. in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 483 Flaunders tyles to paue the chimney in the .. great chamber. 1876 Voyle Milit. Diet. (ed. 3), * Flanders Wagon, a wagon suited to the transport of all light stores. f Fla*ndrican, a. Obs. Also Flandrikan. [f. prec. + -ic + -an ; but prob. an etymologizing alteration of Flanderkin.] = Flemish. 1800 J. Milner Lett. Prebendary (1813) 165 John Hooper ..married a Flandrican woman. 1824 M'Culloch Highl. 4- IV. Isles Scotl. I. 57 It is in vain .. to affect to despise it as Tudesque or Flandrikan (in style of architecture). t Fla ndrish, a. Obs. exc. arch. Forms : 4-5 flaunderich, -drissh e. -dryssh, 9 flaundrish. [f. as prec. 4- -ish.] = Flemish. c 1386 Chaucer Prol. 272 Vp on his heed a fflaundryssh beuere hat. 1632 Lithgow Trav. x. 480 The Gentlemans seruant, a Flandrish Fleming. 1809 W. Irving Knickerb. (1861) 234 In rich apparel of the antique flaundrish cut. t Flane. Obs. Forms: 1-4 flan, 3-4 flon, 4-5 flone, 5-9 Sc. flane, 5-6 flain(e, (6 flayn). [OE. flan masc. and fern. = ON. fleinn masc., 36-2 ELANERIE. FLANK. cognate with OE. fld: see Flo. The word sur¬ vived longest in Sc. ; otherwise the normal form would have been flonc.~\ An arrow. Beowulf. 2438 (Gr. 1 Syft&an hyne HseScyn of hornbo^an his freawine flane ^eswencte. a 1000 Byrhtnoth 71 (Gr.) purh flanes flyht. a 1225 Juliana 7 pe flan of luue fleoS. c 1340 Gaw. Gr. Kul. 1161 At vche [pat] wende vndir wande wappcd a flone. c 1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. iv. 152 His bow he bent, ane flane with fedderis gray He haillit to the heid. 1567 Satir. Poems Reform, iii. 32 Ane flaine lat fle with bow in tyme of neid. 1724 Poems on Royal Company of Archers 34 Burnished swords and whizzing flanes. Flanel, obs. form of Flannel. II Fl&nerie (flan’rz). [F. fldnerie , f. fldner to lounge, saunter idly.] The disposition or practice of an idler or lounger. 1873 Hamerton Intell. Life x. vii. (1876) 371 Intellectual fldnerie. 1875 H. James Pransatl. Sketches 126 The aim¬ less flanerie which leaves you free to follow capriciously every hint of entertainment. II Flaneur (flanor). [F. fldneur , f. fldner : see prec.] A lounger or saunterer, an idle ‘ man about town \ 1872 E. Braddon Life in India vi. 236 He will affect a knowledge of London life that only comes to the regular fldneur after years of active experience. 1876 Ouida Winter City vi. 149 An existence which makes the life of the Paris flaneurs look very poor indeed. Flang (fiseq). A two-pointed pick used by miners. 1858 in Simmonds Diet. Trade. 1874 in Knight Diet. Mech. Flang, obs. and dial. pa. t. of Fling v. Flange (flsend^), sb. [See Flanch sb. 2 ] 1 . A widening or branching out; the part that widens out: + a. in a pan ; b. in a metallic vein. 1688 R. Holme Armoury iii. vii. 320/2 The top that goes out wider than the bottom, is called the Flang of the Pan. 1747 Hooson Mined s Diet. I j b, Flange [is] a Place where a Vein takes a run out of Course into one, and sometimes both Sides, insomuch that the Ore lies more scattered. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., Flange, applied to a vein widening. 2 . A projecting flat rim, collar, or rib, used to strengthen an object, to guide it, to keep it in place, to facilitate its attachment to another object, or for other purposes. 1735 Dyche & Pardon Diet., Flange, those Side Pieces that are cast on to Iron Pipes or Barrels to screw ’em fast, or to hang ’em by. 1833 J. Holland Manuf. Metal. II. 247 At each end of this cylinder there is a deep flange or margin. 1838 Simms Public Wks. Gt. Brit. 70 The flange or rib on the tire shall not project more than one inch. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. IV. 207/1 The .whole are firmly secured by two metal flanges .. which are tightly screwed up. 3 . Hence a.. Any rim or projecting surface, b. A flattened-out disc. Also, blank-Jiange. 1876 Voyle Milit. Diet. (ed. 3) s. v., The rim of metal round the mouth of gun caps used with percussion muskets is called a flange. 1877 Holderness Gloss., Flange, the brim of a hat. 1884 Knight Diet. Mech. IV, Flange, a plate for covering.. the end of a pipe or cylinder. 4. attidb. and Comb., as flange-coupling , -joint ; flange-maker; flange-bushing (seequot.); flange- pipe (6 T .S.), pipe in sections with flanges for fixing together; flange-pulley, a flanged pulley; flange- rail, (a) a rail with a flanged base; (J?) U.S. (see quot. 1864); flange-wheel, a flanged wheel. 1884 Knight Diet. Mech. IV, * Flange Bushing , a flange carrying a shell which acts as a bushing to a hole. Ibid., *Flange Coupling, a device for connecting pipes at any angle from o° to 90°. 1864 Webster, * Flange-joint, a joint in pipes etc. made by two flanges bolted together. 1884 Knight Diet. Mech. IV, * Flange Pipe x * Flange Pulley. 1864 Webster, * Flange-rail, a rail having on one side a flange to keep wheels, etc., from running off. 1888 Lock- wood’s Diet. Mech. EnginFlange Rail, a flat-bottomed or flat rail, as distinguished from a double-headed rail. Flange (flaendg), v. [See Flanch v. ; in senses 2 and 3 f. prec. sb.] 1 . intr. To widen out. Also, with out. 1820 Wilbraham Chesh. Gloss., Flange, or flange out, to spread, diverge, to increase in width or breadth. 1878 Stevenson Inland Voy. 167 The east-end of a church .. as it flanges out in three wide terraces. 2 . To take the form of a flange. (In recent Diets.). 3 . trans. To supply with a flange, attach a flange to, form a flange upon. 1873 R. Wilson Steam Boilers 92 By flanging either the barrel or end plate. Flanged (flaend^d), ppl. a. [f. prec. sb. or vb.] Made or fitted with a flange. 1797 J- Curr Coal Viewer $ Engine Builder 51 The angle of the flanged end of the communicating pipes. 1852 T. Wright Celt, Roman, <5- Saxon (1861) 166 Flanged tiles were not unfrequently used for this purpose. Flanger (fiarndgai). [f. Flange v. + -eu L] 1 . (See quot.) 1893 Labour Commission Gloss., Flangers, also called * boiler-smiths \ are men, in the shipbuilding industry, who bend the plate edges where angles cannot be made to fit. 2 . US. A vertical iron or steel bar for scraping snow and ice from the inside of rail-heads to make room for the wheel-flanges ( Standard Diet.). Flanging flse'ndgiq), vbl.sb. [f. Flange v. + -iNG '.] The action of the vb. Flange. 1861 W. Fairbairn Iron 150 It will bear punching and 284 flanging like a sheet of copper. 1869 Sir E. J. Reed Ship- build. vi. 105 To facilitate the flanging. b. attnb. and Comb. , as flanging-hammer , - machine, -press. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 876/1 Flanging-machine. 1884 Ibid. IV, Flanging Hammer, a machine for turning flanges on sheet-metal for boilers, tanks [etc.]. Ibid., Flanging Press. Flanging (flarndgiq), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2 .] That flanges or has a flange. 1880 H. C. St. John Wild Coasts Nipon 152 The house¬ fly’s proboscis, .has a broad or flanging end. Flank (flseijk), sb . 1 Forms: 1 flane, 4-7 flanke, (4 flaunke, flawnkke), 6-7 flanek(e, 5- flank, [a. F .flane, — Yx. flane, li.flanco (Sp., P g.flanco, only in transferred senses, appears to be from French)pop. Lat. *flancum. The ulterior etymology is disputed. The most probable hypothesis appears to be that it is adopted from the Teut. word which appears in OHG. hlancha, lanka , MDu. lanke, early ME. Lonke ; instances of Romanic fl- from Teut. hi- are believed to occur in some proper names, as F. Floo- vent, med.L. Flodoardus. Diez regarded the word as a nasalized form of the L. Jiaccus flaccid, comparing, for the development of sense, Ger. weiche flank from weich soft; but no adj. *fla?tcus is known in L. or Rom.] I. As denoting a part of the body. 1 . The fleshy or muscular part of the side of an animal or a man between the ribs and the hip. a 1100 Prudentius Glosses cited by Napier in Academy XLV. 457 Ilia , fiances, c 1330 Arth. Sp Merl. 9247 Schuldir and side and flaunke also, c 1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 269 pou muste ordeyne. .fastnyngis tofore & bihinde & in hise flankis. 1541 R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. iv. iv. Pij b, The .x. place is in the flankes for the rupture. 1583 Hollyband Campo di Fior 187 The poore jawde .. Which hath no fleshe on his flanes. 1639 Massinger Unnat. Combat 1. i, Charge her home in the flank. 1691 Ray Creation 11. (1704' 387 The Hedgehog hath his Back-sides and Flanks set with strong and sharp prickles. 1782 Cowper Gilpin 127 Which made his horse’s flanks to smoke. 1866 Rogers Agric. <$- Prices I. xxi. 532 They [marking-irons] may have been employed to brand the flanks of colts and cattle. b. A part of the same sold as thick or thin flank. 1796 Mrs. Glasse Cookery xviii. 289 Take a piece of thin flank of beef and bone it. c. in Arachnida and Crustacea'. The pleura or side of the tergum and thorax. 1835-6 Todd Cycl. Ana/. I. 202 The flanes (pleurae). .have mutually approximated and become united.. If the carapace is raised in a crab, the flanes or pleurae are seen beneath. + 2 . The belly; the womb. Obs. 1398 T revisa Barth. De P. R. xviii. i. (1495) 738 An olyphaunt hath tetys vnder the breste : and the maare in the flanke bitwene the thyes behynde. _ 1481 Caxton Myrr. 11. vi. 76 They here them ii yere in their flankes. 3 . Iii the Leather trade : That part of the hide or skin which covered the flank of the animal. 1874 Knight Did. Mech., Flank 3. The thin portion of a skin of leather. 1885 C. T. Davis Manuf. Leather 1. i. 38 The parts of hides are called butts, backs, flanks, etc. 4 . pi. (See quots.) [Cf. F. mat de flattest 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey\ Flanks _ (among Farriers) a Wrench, Crick, Stroke or other Grief in the Back of a Horse; also a kind of Pleurisy, proceeding from his being over-run with too much Blood. 1810 James Milit. Diet. (ed. 3), Flanks in farriery, a wrench or any other grief in the back of a horse. II. Transferred uses (with gen. sense * side \) 5 . gen. The side or lateral part of anything, e.g. of a building, a mountain, etc. 1624 Wotton Archit. (1672) 17 When the Face of the Building is narrow, and the Flank deep. Ibid. 29 They [i. e. Pilasters] are commonly narrower in Flank, then in Front. 1859 Tennyson Vivien 674 So long, that mountains have arisen since With cities on their flanks. 1892 Wood¬ ward & Burnett Heraldry II. 687 Flanks (F. fanes) the sides of the escucheon. 6. Mil. The extreme left or right side of an army or body of men in military formation ; a wing, f A flank (see also Aflank), in flank : at the side. To turn the flank (of an enemy) : see Turn. 1548 Patten Expcd. Scotl. I ij b, The Master of the ordinaunce. .did gall them with hailshot. .and certeyn other gunners with there peces, a flanke, from our Rerewarde. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 1309 Whilest he and his horsemen gave the charge on the flanke of their battaille. 1600 in Lismore Papers Ser. 11. (1887) I* 33 He drew vpp that squadron. .to chardge them in fflancke. 1667 Milton P. L. vi. 570 He scarce Had ended, when to Right and Left the Front Divided, and to either Flank retird. 1726 Leoni Alberti s Archit. I. 69 Whoever offers to approach between these towers, is exposed to be taken in flank and slain. 1810 James Milit. Did. (ed. 3\ Flank en potence is any part of the right or left wing formed at a right angle with the line. 1810 Wellington in Gurw. Desp. VI. 316 The enemy having it thus in their power to throw their whole force upon both flanks of this army. 1844 H. Wilson Brit. India II. 271 They..were taken in flank by a troop of cavalry. 7 . Fortification. Any part of a work so disposed as to defend another by a flanking fire; esp. the part of a bastion reaching from the curtain to the face and defending the opposite face. 1590 Marlowe 2nd Pt. Tamburl. iii. ii, It must have., store of ordnance, that from every flank May scour the outward curtains of the fort. 1672 Lacf.y tr. Tacquelt's Milit. Archit. iii. 4 The flanques of the Bui work and Courtine. 1704 Lond. Gaz. No. 4082/3 The Ditch is doubly Palisadoed, with very good Flanks within. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn., Flank of the Courtine or Second Flank, is that part of the Courtine, between the Flank, and the Point where the Fichant Line of Defence ends. 1810 James Milit. Did. (ed. 3) s. v. Fortification , Flanks of the Bastion are the parts between the faces and the curtain. 1868 Kinglake Crimea (1877) III. v. 364 At the flanks of the bastions. 8. In other technical uses : a. Arch. (See quot. 1874). b. Mech. (See quot. 1842). 1842 Francis Did. Arts, etc., Flank , the straight part of the tooth of a wheel which receives the impulse. 1874 Knight Did. Mech. I. 876/1 Flank (Architecture) the haunch of an arch; the shoulder between the crown and the springing. III. 9 . atlrib.and Comb., as flank-piece ; (senses 6, 7) as flank attack, company , defence , file, fire, march , movement , oflicer\ flank-wise adv. Also, flank-bone, the ilium or haunch-bone; flank-wall, a side wall. 1876 Voyle Milit. Did. (ed. 3) 2 * Flank-attack. .one of the modes of attack whereby the side or flank of an army.. is attacked. 1668 Culpepper & Cole Barthol. A fiat. iv. xvi, 351 Os Innominatum. .which some term..the *Flank- bone. 1809 Wellington in Gurw. Desp. IV. 324 The *flank companies of the 29th, 43rd and 52nd Regiments. 1851 J. S. Macaulay Field Fortif. 150 If the church is not built on a plan favourable to *flank defence. 1810 James Milit. Did. (ed. 3', *Flank-files are the two first men on the right and the two last men on the left, telling downwards from the right. 1810 Wellington in Gurw. Desp. VI. 331 Be prepared, particularly with your *flank fire every morning. 1866 E. B. Hamley Operat. War vi. 404 Thus Bulow’s march to the field of Waterloo was a *flank march. 1796 Instr. $ Reg. Cavalry (1813) 39 In the *flank move¬ ments of ranks by three’s or by two’s. 1601 Cotgr., Soubs- poidrine, the *flanke-peece, or bottome of the brisket of an Oxe, &c. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 265 If the House had stood by it self, then we might have had light to the Stairs from the *Flank Wall. 1819 Rees Cycl., Flank- walls, in Engineery, are the same with wing or return-walls of a lock or bridge. 1603 Florio Montaigne (1634) 148 He pursued them, and charged them *flank-wise. 1863 Kinglake Crimea II. 279 Battalions of infantry which.. Mentschikoff had been moving flankwise. Flank (fleeqk), sb . 2 Obs. exc. dial. Forms: 4 flaunke, 6 flanke, 9 dial, vlank. [Cf. Flake sb 2 , of which this may be a nasalized form; Sw. has ( sno)flanka a snowflake.] = Flake sb 2 2. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 954 Felle flaunkes of fyr & flakes of soufre. 1586 J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinshed II. 148/1 His companie..carried vpon the ends of their poles flankes of fier. 1888 Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk., The vlanks was blowin all over the place. Flank (fiseijk), v. Also 6-7 flanck(e, flanke, (7 flanque). [f. P'lank sb A Cf. Yx.flanquer.] fl. intr. To shoot on the flank or sideways; to deliver a raking fire. Obs. 1548 W. Patten Expcd. Scotl. N vij, Loopholes as well for shooting directly foorthward as for flankyng at hand. 2 . trans. To guard, protect, strengthen, or defend on the flank. 1596 Spenser F. Q. iv. xi. 36 A brasen wall, Which mote the feebled Britons strongly flancke Against the Piets. 1598 Barret Theor. Warres iii. ii. 70 Some do vse to flanke the two sides of the battell with sleeues of shot. 1608 Grimstone Hist. France (1611) 464 The Brittons horse that flanked the armie, growes amazed, and leaues the foote naked. 1638 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 34 A Castle, .flanckt with Ordnance. 1662 J. Davies tr. Man- dclslo's Trav. 215 The Walls are very broad, and flank’d with Towers. 1666 Dryden Ann. Mirab. xxvi, Our per¬ fum’d prey, .flank’d with rocks, did close in covert lay. 1704 Hynin Vid. lx, This Wing the Woods may flank, the Castle that. 1783 Watson Philip III (1839) 95 A strong intrenchment, flanked with bastions, a 1837 H. T. Cole- brooke in Life (1873) 409 The parts of the wall do not well flank each other. 1878 Bosw. Smith Carthage 385 It was flanked throughout its length by towers at equal distances of two hundred feet. fig. 1680 J. Scott Serin. Wks. 1718 II. 24 We cannot .. Flank and Rear our Discourses with Military Allusions. 1757 Monitor No. 100 p 8 Ambitious men flank and fortify one crime with another. 1884 Chr. World 25 Dec. 995/1 Flanking himself with an apt quotation from the Psalms. absol. 1644 Prynne & Walker Fiennes' Trial } App. 11. Fortified with a gallant Parrapet. well flanking. 1672 Lacf.y tr. Tacqnett's Milit. Archit. iii. 4 Each part of the Fortification must flanque and be flanqued. 3 . To menace or attack the flank of; to take in flank. Of artillery : To fire sideways upon, to rake. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 1. 123 Flancking and scouring all the ditch with their harquebussie. 1600 Holland Livy xxv. 564 Beaten back affront, beset behind, flanked on the sides .. and environned round. 1736 Lediard Life Marl¬ borough III. 40 The Enemy had, from hence, very much flank’d the Right of the Approaches. 1782 P. H. Bruce Mem. 1. 29 One of our own guns .. unhappily missing that object, the ball flanked our own trenches. 1820 Scott Monast. i, An advanced angle..with shot-holes for flanking the door-way. absol. 1654 tr. Scuderys Curia Pol. 70 To leave no enemy in the rear to march after, and so to flank or offend. + b. To place (artillery, a battery) on the flank, for eithef attack or defence. Obs. rare. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto’s Trav. v. 12 They had moored up the Galley, and by it raised up a platform, whereupon they had flanked 25 Pieces of Ordnance. 4 . To take up or be posted in a position at the flank of; to be placed or situated on either side of. Also pass., To be flanked by or with : to have situated or stationed on the flanks or sides. 1651 Davenant Gondibert iii. 11. xvi, Prostrate Meads, FLANK. 285 FLANNELETTE. With Forrests flanck’d, where shade to darkness grew. a 1748 C Pitt Ep. to Mr. Spence 34 Where stately colonades are flank’d with trees. 1779 J. Moore ViewSoc. Fr. (1789) I. xxiv. 188 A well made road .. flanked on each side by very high hills. 1838 Dickens Nick. Nick, xv, These viands being flanked by a bottle of spirits & a pot of porter, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. iii. 23 High mountains flanked us on cither side. 1871 L. Stephen Playgr. Eur. iv. § 3. 231 A mountain, flanked by real precipices. f b. intr. To occupy a flank position, border on or upon. Obs. 1604 Grimstone Hist. Siege Ostend 192 Ten others [em¬ brasures] .. flanke vppon the approches. a 1680 Butler Milford-haven Rem. (1759) I. 417 That Side which flanks on the Sea and Haven needs no Art to fortify it. 1828 Webster, Flank, v. i. to be posted on the side. 5 . trans. To march past or go round the flank of; in quot. transf 1893 Westm. Gaz. 22 Dec. 2/3 Did they flank the snow and go round to the right, or did they bring the whole avalanche down on top of them ? b. U.S. slang. To dodge, etc. (see quot.) 1872 De Vere Americanisms \. 286 The term to flank, which, from the strategy of the generals, descended in the mouthy of privates to very lowly. .meanings. When the men wished to escape the attention of pickets and guards by slipping past them, they said they flanked them”; drill and detail and every irksome duty was flanked, when it could be avoided by some cunning trick. Soon..the poor farmer was flanked out of his pig and his poultry. 0 . In various nonce-uses. a. To strike on the flank or side. b. Of a ship : To present the flank or broadside to (a gale), c. To flank down : to bring down upon the flanks or hips. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 501 As the said wind may flanke it on the side. 1704 Swift Batt. Bks. (end), Flanking down his Arms close to his Ribs, hoping to save his Body. 1762 Falconer Shipwr. 11. 298 For this assault should either quarter feel, Again to flank the tempest she might reel. Hence Flanking vbl. sb., Tm&ppl. a. 1704 Lond. Gaz. No. 4082/3 There is a Flanking Line which runs from the Round Tower. 1813 Scott Rokeby v. iii, The flanking guns dismounted lie. 1841 Lever C. O'Malley xc, Who poured in a flanking fire. 1864 Burton Scot Abr. I. v. 294 When he»has built his first flanking works, he wants to protect these works in the same way. 1870 Daily News 20 Oct., This distant flanking of their line of communication made the defences that they raised all the easier to examine. 1886 Willis & Clark Cambridge II. 508 The flanking turrets. Flank (fleeqk), w. 2 [Onomatopoeic; cf. flick, spank.~\ trans. To whip with a light, sudden stroke, to flick ; also, to crack (a whip'. 1830 Lytton P. Clifford iii, He then, taking up the driv¬ ing whip, flanked a fly from the opposite wall. iS^Auglo- sapphic Ode in Whibley Cap and Gown 136 Kicks up a row, gets drunk or flanks a tandem-Whip out of window. 1861 Mrs. Penny Romance Dull Life vii. 52 He still eased his feelings by flanking everything in the room with a very dusty pocket-handkerchief. + Fla'nkard. Obs. Hunting, [a. OF. ( noeud) flancarfl, f. plane Flank. Cf. Flancard.] See quot. 1576 ; also ? transf. a wound in the side. 1567 Harman Caveat (Shaks. Soc.) 29 Some preuye wounde festred with a fylthy firy flankard. 1576 Turberv. Vcnerie 128 Two [knottes or nuttes] whiche are in the flankes of the Deare and are called flankardes. 1616 in Bullokar. Flanked (flaegkt),///. a.i [f. Flank v. + -ed 1 .] In senses of the vb. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Flanked Angle , the Angle made by the two Faces of the Bastion. Ibid., Flank'd or Double Tenaille. See Penaille. 1828 J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner (ed. 2) 44 The barbette batteries must be established in the flanked angles of the bastions. Flanked (flsegkt), ppl. a . 2 [f. Flank sb. 1 + -ED 2 .] Having a flank or flanks: only with de¬ fining word, as full-flanked. 1634 Heywood Witches Lane. iv. Wks. 1874 IV. 223 He's broad buttock'd and full flanck’d. Flanker (flae'qkai), sb. 1 Also 6 flancker, 7 flankier. [f. Flank v . 1 + -er h] 1 . A fortification projecting so as to flank or defend another part, or to command the flank of an assail¬ ing enemy. * 55 o-* Edward VI. Lit. Rem. (Roxb.) II. 307 Also for flankers at the kepe of Guisnes willed to be made. 16^7 Sprigge Anglia Rediv. (1854) 181 The west-gate, wherein were four pieces of ordnance, and two in the flanker. 1698 Fryer E. hidih < 5 * Persia 59 The Castle is seated towards the bottom of the Bay, commanding it every way from the Points and Flankiers. 1753 J. Bowdoin Let. to Franklin 12 Nov. in Franklin's Wks. (1887) H. 317 note, At each corner a flanker, in which is a couple of canon. 1813 Scott Tnerm. in. xv, Embattled high and proudly towered, Shaded by ponderous flankers. t 2 . A cannon posted so as to flank a position. 1575 Churchyard Chippes (1817) io 7 1 he flankers then in murdring holes that lay Went of and slew, God knowes stout men enow. 1577-87 Holinshed Chron. HI. 1191/2 Capteine Vaughan, .entered the ditches, and viewed the flankers; whereupon the French shot off the same flankers. 3 . One posted or stationed on either flank, a. Mil. One of a detachment of skirmishers thrown out on the flanks of an army when marching, to guard the line of march. Usually pi. [ = F . flanqueur.'] 1586 J. Hooker GiraId. Irel. in HolinshedW. 159 Setting out his flankers in severall places. 1635 Barriffe Mil. Discip. lxi. (1643) The Pikes being the Flanquers. 1796 Stedmas Surina/n II. xx. 96 With a few flankers or rifle¬ men outside the whole. 1863 Cortih. Mag. Jan. 52 Their services as scouts and flankers proved invaluable. b. in non-military uses. 1827 Lady Morgan O'Briens $ O' Flahertys I. 219 Lady Honoria was still excluded..by a blockade of carriages, and her old flanker the Castleknock. 1893 Standard Diet., Flanker 2. In grouse-driving, one of the men walk¬ ing on the flanks of the line of drivers, to keep the birds in the desired line of flight. 4 . Anything which flanks or adjoins laterally: csp. a. a side-wall of a courtyard; a wing of a building ; + b. a side-piece of timber ; c. a side- piece of armour (see quot. 1659), = Flancakd ; td. a footpath bythesideofa highway,aside-walk; e. one of the side horses in a three-horse vehicle. 1600 Surflet Countrie Farme 11. liv. 377* To make them [citron-trees] a hood and flankers of Bay trees. 1611 Cotgr., Flane here^ A flanker, side peece, or flanking peece of timber, in building. 1631 Earl Cork Diary in Lismore Papers Ser. 1. (1886) III. 102 He bwylding..an english howse.. with 2 fflankers. 1659 Torriano, Fiancari , flankers, or sidepieces for an armed man or barbed horse. 1682 Wood Life (1894) III. 25 The highway, .pitched, .the middle part with peebles, and the two collaterals or flankers with hard white stone. 1823 Scott Let. to D. Terry 29 Oct. in Lock¬ hart, The front of the house is now enclosed by a court-yard wall with flankers of 100 feet. 1879 O’Donovan in Daily News 16 Apr. 3/1 While the central animal is. .runningalong a deep narrow cutting, the flankers are on the top of high banks on either side ; or vice versa. Fla'nker, sb. 2 [f. Flanker w. 2 ] (Seequots.) 1840 Gosse Canadian Nat. n They. .throw out lighted fragments, ‘ flankers ', as they are called. 1847 Halliwell, Flanker, a spark of fire. West. Flanker (flargkai), vA Obs. exc. arch. [f. Flanker sbf ; cf. however ’Dw.flankeeren, ad. F. flanquer to Flank.] 1 . trans. To support or protect on the flanks ; to defend or command from a flanker; to strengthen with flankers. 1598 Barret Tlteor. Wat-res iv. i. 96 At euery angle of the battelL.a good squadron of Muskets, .to flanker it euery way. 1624 Capt. Smith Virginia v. 191 He began his first peece of fortification, vpon a Rocke which flankers the Kings Castle. 1633 T. Stafford Pac. Hib. n.xxi. 233 The ground .. was flankerd from the Earles quarter by the Cannon. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 40 The City is compassed with a thick Stone Wall, flanker’d and moated about. 1721-1800 in Bailey, To Flanker, to fortify the Walls of a City with Bulwarks or Countermures. fig. 1612 tr. Benvenuto's Passenger 11. i. § 27.433 The Philo¬ sopher also flanckersthis intention of ours. 1621 Earl Cork in Lismore Papers Ser. n. (1888) III. 18 This purchase will, .secure and flanker yt [property] in tyme of trouble. 2 . intr. To make an attack on the flank. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 619 One of these great mounts he cast up directly against the face of the towne, and the other at a corner of the same, to flanker alongst the wall. 1664 Evelyn Sylva (1679) 20 Where those sharp winds do rather flanker than blow fully opposite upon our plantations. Hence FLrnkered ppl. a. i860 Whittier Trttce of Pis. 18 The grim, flankered block-house, bound With bristling palisades. t Fla nker, v. 2 Obs. [f. Flank sb . 2 + -er 5 ; cf. flacker, flicker!] intr. To sparkle. Hence Fla'n- kering ppl. a. 1567 Turberv. EpitapJies, etc. 127 The fits of love And flanckring sparkes of Cupids fire. 1577 T. Kendall Flowers of Epigr. 49 By flanckeryng flame of firie love, to cinders men are worne. Flanky: see Flunkey. Flann: see Flan. Flannel (darnel), sb. Forms: 6-8, 9 {dial.') flan(n)en, 6-7 flan(n)ing, flan(n)ell, (7 flan- nion), 7, 9 (dial.) flannin, 8 Sc. flainen, 6- flannel. [Of uncertain etymology. App. first recorded in Eng., whence the continental forms were prob. adopted: F. flanelle (late 17th c.), It. frannella, frenella, fiannella, Sp. flanela, franela, Pg. farinella (? influenced by farinha flour), Ger. flcwell (1715), Hu . flanel, ficnel. As flannel was already in 16th c. a well-known production of Wales, a Welsh origin for the word seems antece¬ dently likely. Some scholars have conjectured that the form flann en is the original, and is a cor¬ ruption of Welsh gwlanen ‘a flannel’ (O. Pughe), f. gwldn wool ( = Ir. olann OCeltic *uland:— older *wlana). This is plausible, but involves some difficulties : the Welsh word is not originally a name for the material, but (as is indicated by its formation with the individualizing suffix -en) means literally an article or piece of material made of wool; and the assumed change of flannen into flannel is perh. less explicable than would be the contrary change, which might be ascribed to the analogy of linen , woollen. Another suggestion is that the word is an AF. diminutive of OF .flaine blanket or coverlet.] 1 . An open woollen stuff, of various degrees of fineness, usually without a nap. 1503 Privy Purse Exp. Eliz. of York (1830) 94 For ilij yerdes of fflanell. .iiij s. a 1586 Sidney Arcadia 11. ii. § 1 99 She found Dorus, apparelled in flanen. 1597 T. J. Serm. Paules C. 54 Thou shalt haue course flaning to be thy best attyre. 1652 Sessions Rec. Wenlock 9 Aug. in Jackson & Burne Shropsh. Folk-lore xxxii. ^1883) 480 John Eavens badger of flanen. 1677-8 Marvell Corr. cccxxii. Wks. 1872-5 II. 581 Greater penaltyes upon those that do not bury in flannell. 1704 F. Fuller Med. Gyrnn. (1711) 212 Flannel is scarce necessary or convenient on this side old Age. 1790 Burns. Tam o' Shanter 153 Had..their sarks, instead o' creeshie flannen, Been snaw-white seven¬ teen bunder linnen ! 1849 Claridge Cold Water-cure 69 Mr. Priessnitz expects all his patients to leave off wearing flannel.. next to the body. 1882 Beck Draper's Diet. s. v. Flannel, Such [Flannels] as have the pile raised on one side .. are termed Raised Flannels; when both sides are so covered they are Double-raised Flannels. b. pi. Different kinds of flannel; flannel goods in general. 1581 Act 23 Eliz. c. 9 § 1 Logwood .. wherewith divers Dyers.. dye.. Caps, Flannels. 1643 Prynne Open. Gt. Seale 21 All Worsteds and Flannins within these Townes and their Suburbs. 1875 Ure's Diet. Art?, II. 401 In Ireland a few varieties of low flannels and coatings, called Galways, are manufactured from Irish grown wool. + c. With reference to the obligation of burying in woollen (18 & 19 Chas. II, c. 4) : A shroud. Obs. a 1683 Oldham Sat. in Poems <$■ Transl. (1684) 174 He could not save Enough to purchase Flannel, and a Grave. 1683 Tryon Way to Health 320/1 If they escape the Wooden Tenement and Flannel. d. Ludicrously used to designate a Welshman. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. v. v. 172 I am not able to answer the Welsh flannel. 2 . pi. a. Underclothing made of flannel; also, pieces of flannel used for bandages, etc. 1722 De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 296 Having .. my flannels taken off my legs. 1771 Smollett Humph. Cl. I. 17 Apr., She forgot to pack up my flannels. 1841 Emerson Nat., Conservative Wks. (Bohn) II. 274 A universe in slippers and flannels. b. Garments of flannel, for boating, cricket etc.: to get or receive one's flannels (see quot. 1889). 1888 J. Payn Myst. Mirbridge ix, He had worn cricketing flannels. 1889 Boy's Ozvn Paper 24 Aug. 746/1 Careless schoolboys .. lightly dressed in flannels. 1889 Barr£re & Leland Slang, Flannels (Harrow), to get one’s flannels is to obtain promotion to the school cricket, or football eleven. 3 . (See quot.) 1884 KnightZ>/W. Mech. IV. 346/1 Flannel, the first stage in the manufacture of plain cloth. 4 . transf. a. Natural flannel (see quot. 1856). b. In popular names of certain woolly-leaved plants : Poor Mails f lannel = Adam’s flannel ; Our Lord's or Our Saviours Flannel: Ecticum vul- gare (Britten & H.). c. slang (set quot. 1823). 1823 * J. Bee’ Slang, Flannel (warm), grog, punch,or gin- twist, with a dash of beer in. 1856 Griffith & Henfrey Microgr. Diet. 265 Flanndt., Natural, a harsh fibrous texture, sometimes found covering meadows, rocks, etc., after an inundation. It consists of the interwoven filaments of Confervae, with adherent or entangled Diatomaceae, In¬ fusoria, crystals of carbonate of lime, etc. 5 . a It rib. or adj. a. Made of flannel. 1585 Higins Junius' Nomenclator 164 A flanell peticoate. 1611 Florio, Bambagina, bumbasine. Also a flanell wast- cote. 1618 B rath wait Rem. after Death, Descr. Death v, He weares No mantle, flanning trowses. a 1700 ?Dryden Sunni cuique In flannen robes the coughing ghost does walk. 1784 Johnson Let. to Mrs. Thrale 9 Feb., I have just be¬ spoke a flannel dress. 1857 Hughes Tom Brown 11. viii, In white flannel shirt and trousers. b. In nonce-uses : Resembling flannel. 1764 Walpole Lett. (1820) III. 9, I have little fevers every night, which bid me repair to a more flannel climate. 1795 Wolcott (P. Pindar) Pindariana Wks. 1812 IV. 186 A pair of flannel cheeks composed her face. 6. attrib . and comb, as flannel-maker, trade , - weaver , - weaving ; also + flannel-act (cf. 1 c); flannel-cake, a kind of thin griddle-cake; flan¬ nel-flower, -plant, the mullein; hence flannel- leaf ; flannel rash (see quot.); flannel-weed, some water-plant. 1678 T. Jones Of Heart Soveraign 403 (By a Canonical ^Flannel Act) [it] must be buried out of the way, as useless. 1792 Mnnchhausen's Trav. xxix. 131 Ten thousand thousand Naples biscuits, crackers, buns, a id *flannel-cakes. 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 114 Antique mullein’s *flannel- leaves. 1703 Lond. Gaz. No. 3776/4 John Judd. ^Flannel- maker. 1848 W. A. Bromfield in Phytologist III. 598 l ' er - bascum thapsus. .from the texture of the leaves known here [Hampshire] sometimes as the ‘ *flannel-plant ’. 1888 W. A. Jamieson Dis. Skin iii. (1891) 41 The **flannel rash’ which Hutchinson and others have noticed on the chest, .is another instance of an eruption due to clothing. 1879 Encycl. Brit. IX. 292/1 Blankets, a special branch of the ^flannel trade. Ibid. Nearly the whole population ..finds occupation in *flannel weaving. 1893 Fall Mall G. 10 July 10/3 The rains, .have put a little more water into the river, and there is not so much *flannel weed to contend with. Flannel (flarnel), v. [f. prec. sb.] irons, a. To wrap in flannel, b. To rub with flannel. 1836-9 Dickens Sk. Boz, Our Parish vi, The children were yellow-soaped and flannelled. Ibid., Talcs i, The second-floor front was scrubbed, and washed, and flannelled. Hence Flannelled///, a. 1784 J. Belknap Belknap Papers (1877) I. 383 She knows what it is to tend a flannelled pair of legs and hands, a 1845 Hood To Gritnaldi i, Joseph! they say thou’st left the stage, To.. taste the flannell’d ease of age. Flannelette (flsengle’t). Also flannellette. [f. Flannel + -ette.] a. (See quot. 1882.) b. A cotton fabric, made in imitation of flannel. 1882 Caulfeild & Saward Diet. Needlesuork, Flannellette, a description of a very soft Flannel, measuring 28 inches in width. 1887 Daily News 12 Jan. 3/1 Huge stacks of a poverty-stricken article called flannelette. 1893 Lady 17 Aug. 172/2 Flannelette is not flannel. FLANNELLY. 286 FLAP Flannelly (fte-neli), a. [f. as prec. +-ly ’.] Characteristic or of the nature of flannel; flannel¬ like. Also Jig. (In quot. 1842 quasi-at/z/.) c 1839 Landor 2nd. Convers. Southey <5- Landor Wks. 1346 II. 174/1 The dreary hydropathy and flanelly voices of the swathed and sinewless. 1842 Bischoff Woollen Manuf. (1862) II. 148 It [the wool] works more flannelly. 1889 H. A. Dodds Rep. Paris Exhib. 5 The sooty ‘ flannelly ’ appearance of the manipulation in some of the exhibits. Planning (flse'nig), vbl. sb. [f. Flan v. + -ing !.] (See quots.) 1849 50 Whale Diet. Terms, Flanning, the internal splay of a window-jamb. 1852 Raine North Durham referred to in Diet. Arch. (Arch. Publ. Soc. 1862'. 1874 Knight Diet. Meek. I. 876/2 Flanning (Building), the internal flare of a window jamb. The eiKbrasure. Or of a fireplace Coving. Flanque, Flanqued Her .: see Flange sb . 1 Flant, obs. form of Flaunt. t Flanta'do. Obs. [? f. Flaunt v. with pseudo-Sp. ending.] ? Flaunting. Also attrib. 1583 Stanyhurst ZEneis i. fArb.) 18 Thee Troian nauye.. the sea salte foaming wyth braue flantadoe dyd harrow. 1594 [see Firking]. t Flantitanting, ppl. a. nonce-wd. [A re¬ duplicated formation on flatiting = Flaunting. Cf. Flaunt-tant.] Flaunting. 1596 Nashe Saffron Walden 71 In that flourishing flanti¬ tanting goutie omega fist. Flap (flsep), sb. Forms : 4-7 flappe (6 flepe), 7-8 flapp, 5- flap. [f. next vb.; cf. Du .flap blow, fly-flapper, lid of a can.] I. The action of the vb. Flap. 11 . A blow, slap, stroke. Also fig. Obs. C1330 Arth. 4 Merl. 8084 With fauchouns, axes and battes, Ich gaue other sori flappes. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xiii. 67 This freke .. Preched of penaunces . .And flappes of scourges, c 1460 Towncley Myst. (Surtees) 206, I shalle lene you a flap, My strengthe for to kythe. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 382 Thair freikis fell with mony fercie flap. b. A blow given with something broad and loose (cf. 2). Also fig. + A flap zuith a fox tail: fig. ? a contemptuous dismissal; a trivial rebuke (cf. Flap v. 2 d). 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 38 So that he [the lawyer] gaineth alwaies. .whereas the other get a warme Sonne often tymes, and a flappe with a Foxe taile, for all that euer thei haue spente. 1598 Florio, Faggiolata , a flim-flam tale .. a flap with a foxetaile. 1653 A. Wilson Inconst. Lculy in. i, Liquorish flies do sometimes meet with flaps. 1717 Will of S. Jackson , If the Beadle make any demand..send him away with a Flapp of a Fox taile. 1726 Swift Gulliver hi. ii. 17 This Flapper is .. employed .. to give him a soft Flap on his Eyes. 1727 Gay Lady <$• Wasp 8 The slightest flap a fly can chase, a 1734 North Exam. 1. ii. § 84 (1740) 75, I found another Flap for the House of Peers. 2 . ‘ The motion of something broad and loose * (J.), as a wing or a fly-flapper ; the noise produced by its motion, or by contact with some other object. Cf. Flap v. 5. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) V. 9 The flap of a swan’s wing would break a man’s leg. 1816 Byron Siege Cor. xxii, The flap of the banners, that flit as they’re borne. 1823 Scott Peveril ix, The flap of their wings must have been gracious in the ear of the famished prophet. 1859 Kingsley Misc. (i860) I. 152, I can hear the flap and snort of the dogs’ nostrils, i860 Tyndall Glac. 11. i. 226 A gnat can execute many thousand flaps of its little wings in a second. II. Concrete uses. + 3 . Something broad to strike with; esp. a fly- flapper. Obs. C1440 Promp. Pan>. 163 Flappe, instrumente to smyte wythe flyys. c 1515 Cocke Lorelts B. (Percy Soc.) 2 In his hande he bare a flap for flyes. 1558 Phaer ZEneid v. Argt. L iv b, Y e game called Ccestus (which is fighting with bagges or flappes of leather hanging by stringes, wherin is either lead or sand). 1624 Heywood Captives 1. i. in Bullen O. PI. IV, The butchers wyves .. stood with theire flapps in theire hands like fanns. 1726 Swift Gulliver in. ii. 19 A young Man with a Flap came up to my side, and flapt me gently on the Right Ear. 4 . ‘ Anything that hangs broad and loose, fastened only by one side * (J.). 1522 Skelton Why not to Court 1166 With a flap afore his eye. 1606 Shaks. Tr. A Cr. v. i. 36 Thou greene Sarcenet flap for a sore eye. 1668 Wilkins Real Char. 131 The lesser .. having small roundish flapps on either side of the body. 1704 Loud. Gaz. No. 4058/6 A Negro Boy., the Flap of one of his Ears being cut off. 1849 Parkman Oregon Tr. (1872) 192, I put aside the leather flap that covered the low opening. 1891 Kipling Light that Failed x, [He] gave him a letter with a black M on the envelope flap. b. A pendant portion of a garment, hat, or cap. Hence applied to the garment or hat itself {slang). 1530 Palsgr. 220/2 Flappe of a gowne, cappe. 1590 Greene Mourn. Gann. (1616) 11 His coat was greene .. Turned ouer with a flappe. 1632 Sherwood, The flap, or back point of a friers cowle, cabner. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. hi. 64 We spread abroad the Flaps of our Coats. 1707 Hearne Collect. 14 Sept., An armfull of y m he took home, covering them with one flap of his Gown. 1713 Swift Frenzy J. Dennis , The flap of his breeches dangled be¬ tween his legs. 1792 Mad. D’Arblay Let. to Mrs. Phillips Nov., An old-fashioned suit of clothes, with long flaps to a waistcoat [etc.]. 1875 Plain Needlework 18 The old- fashioned shift with flaps. 1892 C. T. Dent Mountaineering iv. 104 Tying the flaps of his hat over his ears. c. Of a saddle ; also transf. 1849 Murchison Siluria v. 95 A geological saddle, having one thin and partly metamorphosed flap only on the east side. 1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 142 'i The saddle .. consists of the tree, .the seat, the skirts, and the flaps. d. The tail of a crustacean. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. VI. 373 The spawn . .sticks to the barbs under the flap, or more properly the tail [of the crab]. 1842 H. Miller O. R. Sandst. viii. (ed. 2) 173 The terminal flap of this gigantic crustacean was .. continuous. e. (See quot.) 1669 Hacke Orig. Toy. (1699)111. 62 Penguins .. have neither Feathers nor Wings, but only two Fins or Flaps, wherewith they are helped to swim. 5 . Something broad and flat, hanging or working (vertically) on or as on a hinge. 1565-73 Cooper Thesaurus s. v. B if or is, Bifore fenestrx .. with two flappes. 1754 A. Murphy Gray's Inn Jrnl. No. 103 P9 One Table, the Flap broken. 1825 J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 140 He makes each sail .. to consist of six or eight flaps or vanes .. moving upon hinges. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge iv, It [the cellar] had a great black wooden flap or shutter. 1859 Musketry Instr. 71 The first and second class men .. should be trained to fire at 300 and 400 yards with the flap of back-sight down. 1867 Trollope C/iron. Bar set I. iv. 27 There was a table., one flap of it was gone altogether. b. A valve. Tide flap : a valve used to shut off the tide-water from a sewer. 1824 R. Stuart Hist. Steam Engine 151, c, c, c, are the valves or flaps. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Flap, the leather or valve of a pump. 1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 55/2 A Col¬ lection of Sanitary Iron work, such as. .tide flaps, &c. 1892 Pall Mall G. 7 Sept. 1/3 We descend to the other side of the ‘flap’—the men’s term for a ‘penstock’. c. Anat. + {a) The epiglottis. Obs. ( b ) In fishes : The operculum or gill-cover; a similar cover for the nostril. c 1550 H. Lloyd Treas. Health H iv, Agaynst al grefes in the flap beinge in the mouth whyche couereth the wind pipe. 1681 W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 1224 The cover or flap of the throat, efiglossis. 1802 Bingley Anim. Biog.{ 1813) I. 37 They fill their mouth with water, then throw it back¬ wards with so much force as to lift open the great flap, and force it out behind. 1881 Gunther in Encycl. Brit. XII. 637 Nostrils of Raia lemprieri, with nasal flaps reverted. d. One of the floats of a paddle-wheel. 1840 Thackeray Catherine vi, The Ensign’s arms were working up and down, .like the flaps of a paddle wheel. 6. Something broad and loose, irrespectively of connexion with anything else ; esp . an overlying layer ; a broad piece of any material. 1603 Florio Montaigne (1634) 187 We are all framed of flaps and patches and of so shapelesse and diverse a con¬ texture, that [etc.], a 1634 Randolph Hey for Honesty v, Wks. (1875) 474 A rump or a flap of mutton were a fee For Jove's own breakfast. 1764 Footf. Mayor of G. 1. Wks. 1799 F I 73 The damn’d fat flaps of shoulders of mutton. 1843 Thackeray Contrib. to ‘ Punch' Wks. 1886 XXIV. 145 The flap of a shoulder of mutton .. I ate cold. 1848 — Bk. Snobs i, We.. had flaps of bread for plates. 1866 Daily Tel. 18 Jan. 5/2 Large flaps of swine’s flesh, .make their appear¬ ance at breakfast. 1884 Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. i t 4 The great flaps of cork on the cortex of Boswellia papy- rifera. 1889 Barrere & Leland Slang, Flap (thieves), sheet lead for roofs. b. A large, broad mushroom. Also Flab. 1743 Pickering in Phil. Trans. XLII. 598 The thin Fila¬ ment is that to which the Edges of the Head of the Mush¬ room adhere, while it is, what is commonly called, a Button, and from which it separates by expanding to a Flap. 1769 Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housekpr.{\T]%) 361 Scrape large flaps .. and boil them in their own liquor. 1854 Eng. Cycl. I. 90/1 The common mushroom, .in this state, .is called a flap. + c. colled. Scraps. Obs .“°. 1730-6 Bailey (folio), Flap , moist meat for hogs. 7 . Surg. a. A portion of skin or flesh, separated from the underlying part, but remaining attached at the base. 1807-26 S. Cooper First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 377 Placing the flap of the cornea in regular contact with the part with which it was naturally joined. 1856 Kane A ret. Expl. II. xii. 127 A flap let down from his forehead. 1878 T. Bryant Tract. Surg. I. 536 The flaps were reflected and a large gland enucleated. b. A piece of flesh or skin grafted upon an injured or defective part. 1813 J. Thomson Led. Inflant. 225 The mode of repairing noses by a flap or portion of flesh taken from the arm. 1894 Westm. Gaz. 31 Aug. 3/1 The grafting upon the injured .. part of flaps of skin taken, .from a neighbouring surface. 8. pi. in Farriery . A disease in the mouth of horses. 1587 L. Mascal Govt. Cattel 11. (1600) 163 Giges or flappes, is pimples or teates in the inside of his [a horse’s] mouth. 1610 Markham Masterp. 1. xii. 32 Swelling in the mouth, a signe either of canker, flaps, or lampasse. 17.. Farrier's Did. (J.), When a horse has the flaps, you may perceive his lips swelled on both sides of his mouth. 1847 Youatt Horse viii. 206 The sublingual glands .. sometimes enlarge .. and are called gigs, and bladders, and flaps in the mouth. 9 . dial, or slang. A woman or girl of light or loose character. 1631 Mabbe Celestina ix. no Fall to your flap, my Masters, kisse and clip. Ibid. 112 Come hither, you foule flappes. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss, s.v., A young giddy girl is called a flap, or a woman who does not settle down to her domestic duties. III. attrib. and Comb . 10 . General relations, as flap-basket , - door , - seat , -trap, -valve, -window (sense 5) ; flap-eared adj. 1862 Sat. Rev. XIV. 186/2 He goes out to all Lancashire i with his little *flap-basket, and doles out. .his two ounces of , tea. 1844 Zoologist II. 748 The *fiap-door of a glass hive is opened. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., Flap-door, a man- I hole door. 1596 Shaks. Tam. Shr. iv. i. 160 A horson I beetle-headed *flap-ear'd knaue. 1891 Daily News 4 Feb. 3/4 Mr. Samuel asked why *flap-seats were permitted at Drury-lane Theatre. 1858 Skyring's Builders' Prices Advt., *Flap Traps .. always kept in Stock. 1867 W. W. Smyth Coal 4 Coal-mining 211 The chambers are fitted .. with *flap valves. 1874 Rnight Did. Mech. I. 876/2 Flap- valve, a valve which opens and shuts upon one hinged side. A clack-valve. 1825 Beverley Lighting Act ii. 19 Leave open, .the door, hatchway or *flap-window. 11 . Special comb.: flap-apple = Flap-jack i b; flap-dock (also flap-dick, flap-a-dock), local names for the foxglove; flap-fracture = compound frac¬ ture ; flap-hat, one having flaps or a flapping brim; flap-holder (see quot.) ; flap-leg, the leg that supports a flap of a table ; flap-mouth, a mouth with broad, hanging lips (whence flap¬ mouthed adj.) ; flap-operation Med. (see quot. 1884) ; flap-sight, in a rifle, one that turns up or down on a hinge; flap-wing dial., the swift. 1750 W. Ellis Country Housewife 25 Turnover, or *Flap- Apple, or Meat Pasties. 1846 E. Anglia Gloss. Suppl., *Flapdock, foxglove. 1658 A. Fox Wurtz' Surg. 11. xxvi. 165, I call this a *Flap-fracture. when the Wound of the broken leg goeth onely through the flesh and skin, and cometh forth with the one end. 1866 Browning in Mrs. Orr Life (1891) 275 Great black *flap hats. 1884 Knight Did. Mech. IV. 346/1 * Flap Holder (Surgical', a delicate prehensile instrument for holding flaps of sutures in confined situations. 1882 Sala Amer. Revis. (1885) 98 A *flap-leg was let down; and .. a table was improvised. 1631 P. Fletcher Sicclides in. iv, Fijb, So, haue you done? Fie *flapmouth. Triton, thou beslauerest me. 1592 Shaks. Ven. § Ad. 920 Another *flapmouthd mourner .. volies out his voyce. 1602 2nd Pt. Return fr. Parnass. iv. ii. (Arb.) 51 Begin thou Furor, and open like a phlaphmouthd hound. 1785 T. Tones in Med. Comrnun. IX. 326 {title) Case of a *Flap Operation, united by first Intention. 1884 .SJv/. Soc. Lex. s.v. Flap operation, a method of amputation in which a .. portion of the skin is reflected from the subjacent soft parts before these and the bones are divided. 1887 Rider Haggard Allan Quatermain (1888) 66 One of the repeaters . .fitted with ordinary *flap sights. 1834 H. O’Brien Round Towers Irel. 38 This, it may be said, is applying a steam engine to crush a *flapwing. Flap (flsep), v. Also 4-6 flapp(e. [prob. of onomatopoeic origin; cf. clap, slap, flack, etc. Equi¬ valent words in form and sense are Du. flappen to strike, clap, Ger .flappen to clap, applaud.] + 1 . trails. To strike with a sudden blow. Also with dozvn, in sunder. In later use chiefly imply¬ ing a stroke with a blunt weapon. Obs. exc. dial. la 1400 Morte Arth. 2782 Alle \>e flesche of J?e flanke he flappes in sondyre. c 1477 Caxton Jason 67 A grete whirling or tourbillion cam sodaynly and flapped him on the visage. 1526 Skelton Magnyf. 1525, I shall flappe hym as a foie to fall at my fete. 1843 T. Wilson Pitmans Pay 11. lxxvii, Flap her doun at yence wi’ pouther. t b. intr. or absol. Obs. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. vn. 174 And flapten on with fleiles from morwe til euen. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xii. ix. (1495) 419 A storke .. smytyth other flappyth with his bylle. CX400 Destr. Troy 7674 Tedius .. flappit at hym felly with a fyne swerde. c 1460 Totvncley Myst. (Surtees) 206 Now falle I the fyrst to flap on hys hyde. d c. To flap in the mouth (with a lie ): to tell a barefaced falsehood to. Also, to flap the lie in one's teeth . Obs. 1579 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 68, I will flappe Ferardo in the mouth with some conceipt. i6ix Cotgr., Emboucher d'vn mensonge .. to .. flap in the mouth, with an (apparant) lie. C1645 Howell Lett. (1650) III. xxiii. 37 They will flap the lie in Truths teeth. 1654 Fuller Comm. Ruth (1868) 162 So many children flap their parents in the mouth with a lie. 2 . To strike with something flexible and broad {e.g. a fly-flapper); to drive away or off \ to put out (a light) as with a blow so given. c 1400 Destr. Troy 11795 Ten tymes be-tyde .. |>at hit fest was on fyre, & flappit out onone Vnto smorther & smoke. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 164 Flappyn wythe a flappe, fabello. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 201 When many flies stode feedyng vpon his rawe fleshe .. he was contented .. to haue them flapte awaie. 1603 Holland Plutarch's Mor. 966 With the rest of his taile he flapped and beat her legges. 1677 Compl. Servant-Maid 68 Take a clean linen cloth and gently flap it [the lace] over oftentimes. 1726 Swift Gul¬ liver hi. ii. 16 With these Bladders they now and then flapped the Mouths and Ears of those who stood near them. X735 Pope Prol. Sat. 309 Yet let me flap this bug with gilded wings. X842 Tennyson St. Simeon Stylites 172 They flapp’d my light out as I read. X843 Le Fevre Life Trav. Phys. I. 1. i. 7, I was assured that two men would run before me to flap away the flies. b. Of a bird : To strike with the flat of the wing ; also to drive off{z tc.) by flapping. 1585 J* B. tr. Viret's Sch. Beastes Dj, When the female tarieth oyer long in the feeldes, they [Pygeons] flappe them with their winges. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 271 Flapping the water with their wings. 1694 R. L'Estrange Fables ccclxxviii, The Eagle Flapt off the former [the Beetle], and Devoured the other [the Hare]. 1813 Busby Lucretius iv. 847 The cock. .flaps away the darkness with his wings. 1819 Wiffen AonianHours(iS2o)y6 Night’s shrieking bird Flaps the friezed window with her wing. 1827 Tennant Papistry Storin'd 62 They [doves] forc’d and flappit to the yird That spulyier and fae. c. fig. To call the attention of, as if with a flap ; to prompt, remind. Cf. quot. 1726 in 2 and Flap¬ per 1. 1790 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 20 May, ‘ He wants nothing . .but a flapper ’. ‘Yes, and he takes flapping inimitably'. 1888 Contemp. Rev. LI 11 . 13 They ..despatched an agent to London to ‘ flap ’ the Colonial Office. FLAP. 287 FLAPPING. d. in/r. To make a flap or stroke. Also with down. + To flap at ( something) with a fox's tail : said fig. of a lenient or pretended reproof. 158. Lambarde Eiren. iv. xvi. (1588) 582 This is but .. to strike or flap at a fault with a Foxe taile, and none other. c 1839 Landor Imag. Cottv. Wks. (1846) II. ic.8, I flap down with the border of my glove, and brush away .. these gos¬ samer pretensions. + 3 . a. traits. To clap (the hands), b. intr. To clap, applaud. Also quasi-Zrawf. To clap (ap¬ plause) ; to signify by clapping. Ohs. 1382 Wyclif Prov. xvii. 18 A fool man shal for io3e flappe with hondis. — Jer. v. 31 Prestus flappeden for io3e their hondes. 1583 Stanyhurst Aeticis 1. (Arb.) 42 Thee Moors hands clapping, the Troians, plaudits, flapped. 4 . a. trans . To toss with a smart movement; to throw down suddenly ; to fold together roughly. Also, to toss (a pancake). Obs. exc. dial. c 1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 766 The greihond. .hente the adder in strong ger, And flapped here al aboute his er. 1644 R. Culmer Cathedrall Neiues Cante?‘bury 5 The maid .. went to bed, leaving the Ruffe flapt together as her mistris had stampt it. 1847 Halliwell, Flap a froize, to turn it in the pan without touching it. 1877 N. W. Line. Gloss., * He flapped th’ newspaper doon upo’ th' floor.’ b. intr. To fall or throw oneself down suddenly; to flop, colloq. 1660 Fisher Rusticks Alarm Wks. (1679) 448 He .. flaps suddainly down into a piece of Cow-dung. 1753 Foote Eng. in Paris 1. Wks. 1799 I. 36 Souse she flapp’d on her back. 1834 S. R. Maitland Voluntary Syst. (1837) 89 They .. flap down on their knees before the Bishop. 1865 Car¬ lyle Fredk. Gt. VIII. xvm. xiii. 50 Soldiers flap-down to drink it from the puddles. 5 . intr. Of anything attached at one extremity or loosely fastened : To swing or sway about loosely; to flutter or oscillate as when moved by the wind. Often with the additional notion of making a noise by striking against something, or by the reciprocal concussion of the parts. 1529 Skelton Elynour Rummytig 136 Naked pappes, That flyppes and flappes. c 1620 Z. Boyd Zimis Flowers (1855) 9 I’le let the Main Saile flap against the yard. 1635 Quarles Ernbl. in. xi, My Canvace torn, it flaps from side to side. 1644 Digby Nat. Bodies (1645) 370 This Diaphragma .. flappeth upon all occasions, as a drum head would do, if it were slack and moyst. 1796 Southey Ball, 4 Metr. T., Rudiger Poems VI. 21 The long streamer fluttering fast, Flapp’d to the heavy gale. 1805 Wordsw. Waggoner Concl. 50 When windows flap. 1815 J. W. Croker in Croker Papers (1884) July, We are now lying at sea with our sails flapping. 1840 Dickens Bam. Rudge lv, The cheery deep- red curtains flapped and fluttered idly in the wind. 1876 E. Jenkins Blot Queen's Head 7 Proud of their sign-board wherever it flapped and shone. 1877 Holderness Gloss., Flap , to close or shut with violence. ‘ Shut deear or it’ll flap teea, ther’s sike a wind.’ b. trans. ( causal) To cause to flap; to move (any surface) percussively. Also, to shut (a door) to sharply. 1565-73 Cooper Thesaurus s.v /Y^w^Windesflaptogither wide garments in the aire. 1727 Swift Fiirther Acc. E. Curll, His books .. flapping their covers at him. 1801 Southey TJialaba hi. ix, I hear the wind, that flaps The curtain of the tent. 1801 Lusigtian II. 164, I.. flapped my door to, and locked it. 6. a. intr. Of a hat: To have the flap or flaps swaying up and down or drooping. 1679 Trials of White, 4 * Other Jesuits 82 He had an old black Hat on that flapp’d. 1712-3 Guardiafi No. 11 P9 He was so ill that his hat began to flap. b. trans. To pull down the flaps of (a hat). 1751 Smollett Per. Pic . (1779) III. lxxviii. 41 They had flapped their hats over their eyes. 1758 Johnson Idler No. 49 p 3 It began to rain .. he flapped his hat. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge i, Wearing a hat flapped over his face. 7 . trans. To move up and down, beat (the wings). 1567 Golding Ovid's Metam. vi. 116 But that she clad in feathers white hir lazie wings must flap. 1703 Dampier Voy. III. 115 They flew flapping their Wings like Lap¬ wings. 1740 Somerville Hobbinol 11. 190 The luxurious Wasp .. in the viscous Nectar plung’d, His filmy Pennons struggling flaps in vain. 1874 Wood Nat. Hist. 287 The Swift does not flap its wings so often as the Swallow. b. absol. and intr . To beat the wings; to make movements like the beating of wings. Also of wings: To move up and down, beat. 1697 Dryden AEneid Ded. d iv, The Dira. .flapping on the shield of Turnus. a 1704 R. L’Estrange (J.), *Tis common for a duck to run flapping and fluttering away. 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 87 They [leaves] flap and whistle down. 1823 Byron Island iv. xiii, While o’er them flapp’d the sea¬ birds’ dewy wing. 1842 Hood Turtles vii, Five splendid Turtles . .Were flapping all alive. 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Man. ii. 21 Flap with the arms. 1874 T. Hardy Madding Cro7ud II. vii. 81 A light flapped over the scene, as if re¬ flected from phosphorescent wings. 8. intr. (with advb. extension), a. Of a bird : To make way by flapping the wings, b. Of a ship : To make way with the sails flapping. (Cf. 5.) 1775 Clayton in Phil. Trans. LXVI. 104 They .. only swim and flap along on the water at an extraordinary rate. 1853 Kane GrinnellExp. ix. (1856) 63 We pursued our way, flapping lazily alongside of the ‘pack’. 1870 Kingsley in Gd. IVords 1 June 38/1 A slate-blue heron .. flapped fifty yards up the creek. 9 . + a. trans. To flap open : to throw open like a flap: see Flap sb. 5. b. intr. To move like a flap. 1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 97 Gas. .getting passage .. flaps open the (Esophagus. 1834-5 Todd Cycl.Anat. I. 653/1 The valves flap together and close that opening. 10 . slang. (See quots.) 1885 Daily Tel. 18 Aug. 3/1 ^70 .. obtained by flapping a jay. 1889 Barr^re & Leland Slang, Flap the dimmock , to pay. Ibid., Flap, to rob, to swindle; * to flap a jay ’, to swindle a greenhorn. f 11 . The verb stem used adverbially: With a flap or clap. Obs r ~ 1 Cf. Flop. 1716 Cibber Love makes Man 1. i, About eight a Clock .. flap ! They all sous'd upon their Knees. Flapdoodle (llzepd/z'd’D, sb. colloq. [An arbi¬ trary formation; cf. Fadoodle.] 1 . (See quot. 1833.) 1833 Marryat P. Simple (1863) 210 ‘The gentleman has eaten no small quantity of flapdoodle in his lifetime.’ ‘ What’s that, O’Brien ?’ replied I... ‘ Why, Peter,’ rejoined he, ‘ it’s the stuff they feed fools on.’ 1863 Kingsley Water-bab. vi. (1878) 266 Where flapdoodle grows wild. 2 . a. Nonsense ; * bosh 1 ; humbug. Also as inter j ’. b. A trifling thing, a gewgaw. 1878 Besant & Rice Celia's Arb. II. iii. 43 A bit of lace now, or any other fal-lal and flap-doodle. Ibid., III. vii. 101 ‘Fudge and flapdoodle 1 * 1884 Mark Twain Huck. Finn xxv, A speech, all full of tears and flapdoodle. attrib. 1891 B. Harte First Family Tasajara II. vii, Reading flapdoodle stories and sich. Hence Flap-doo dle v. intr., to talk nonsense; to maunder. Flap-doodler [-ER 1 ] (see quot.). 1889 Barr&re & Leland Slang , Flapdoodlers (journalistic), charlatan namby-pamby political speakers. 1893 Westm. Gaz. 11 July 2/1 He flapdoodled round the subject in the usual Archiepiscopal way. + Flap-dragon (flse-pdrse^n), sb. Obs. [f. Flap v. + Drag on. The original sense may have been identical with a dialectal sense of snapdragon, viz. a figure of a dragon’s head with snapping jaws, carried about by the mummers at Christ¬ mas ; but of this there is no trace in our quots.] 1. a. 1 A play in which they catch raisins out of burning brandy and, extinguishing them by closing the mouth, eat them’ (J.); = Snap-dragon, b. A dish of the material used in the game. 1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. iii, From stabbing of armes, Flap-dragons .. and all such swaggering Humors. 1604 Dekker Honest Wh. xiii. Wks. 1873 II. 83 Give me that flap-dragon. lie not give thee a spoonefull. 1622 Fletcher Beggar's Bush v. ii, I’le go afore and have the bon-fire made. My fire-works, and flap-dragons, and good back-rack. C. A raisin or other thing thus caught and eaten. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. v. i. 45 Thou art easier swallowed then a flapdragon. 1599 Massinger, etc. Old Laiv iii. ii, I’d had.. my two butter-teeth Thrust down my throat instead of a flap-dragon. 1791-1823 D’Israeli Cur. Lit. { 1866) 287 Such were flap-dragons, which were small combustible bodies fired at one end and floated in a glass of liquor, which an experienced toper swallowed unharmed, while still blazing, d. As a type of something valueless. 1700 Congreve Way of World iii. xv, A flap-dragon for your service, Sir! 2 . A contemptuous name for a German or Dutchman. Also attrib. 1622 Fletcher Beggar s BtisJi iv. i, You shall not sink for ne'er a sous’d flap-dragon, For ne’er a pickled pilcher of ’em all, sir. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Wks. 11. 264/2 As bumsie as a fox'd flapdragon German. 1644 Nest Perfi¬ dious Vipers , etc. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) V. 437 The Com¬ mons of England will remember thee, thou flap-dragon, thou butter-box. 3 . slang. (See quots.) a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Flap-dragon, a Clap or Pox. 1785 in Grose Diet. Vulg. Tongue. Hence Flapdragon v. ( nonce-wd .) trans., to swallow as one would a flap-dragon. 1611 Shaks. Wint. T. iii. iii. 100 To see how the Sea flap- dragon’d it [the Ship]. Flapjack ( flse’pid^k). Now dial, or U.S, [f. Flap v. (sense 4 a) + Jack.] 1 . a. A flat cake, a pan-cake. b. An apple turn¬ over or flat tart, an ‘ apple-jack \ c 1600 Day Begg. Bednall Gr. v. (1881) 114 My Mother .. could have taught thee how to a made butters and flap- jacks. 1620 Taylor (Water-P.) Jack-a-Lent B ij, A Flap- iack, which in our translation is call’d a Pancake. 1641 Brome Jo7nall Crew 11. Wks. 1873 HI. 376 Flapiacks, and Pan-puddings. 1825 J. Neal Bro. Jonathan I. 272 Like a flap-jack in a fryin’ pan. 1842 Hawthorne Amer. Note - bks. (1883) 303 We had a splendid breakfast of flapjacks, or slapjacks, and whortleberries. Comb . 1872 C. King Mountain. Sierra Ney. vii. 135 Long- hurst came upon the boards as a flapjack-frier. 2 . a. A kind of hydraulic machine (see quot. 1842). b. dial. The lapwing. 1842 Taylor in Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. II. 102 For low falls [of water] there were many machines .. for instance .. the old ‘ flap-jack ’, with a reservoir of water at one end of a beam and a pump at the other. 1847 Halliwell, Flap-jack, the lapwing. Suffolk. Flapped (ltept), ppl. a. ff. Flap sb. + -ed 2 .] 1 . Of the cheek or ear: Formed like a flap; pendulous. 1661 K. W. Con/. CharacInformer (i860) 47 Why his reverend ears would serve very well for two leathern patches, to sow to each side his flapt jaws. 1840 Dickens Old C. .SVztf/xlviii, The dwarf put his hand to his great flapped ear. 2 . Of a hat or garment: Having a flap or flaps. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) V. viii. 90, I turned up my flapt slouched hat. 1780 J. Adams Diary 1 Jan. Wks. 1851 III. 246 A little hat covered with oil cloth, flapped before. 1848 Mrs. Jameson Sacr. <$• Leg. Art (1850) 141 The scallop-shell .. on his flapped hat. i860 Hawthorne Fr. <$• It. Jrnls. II. 303 Square-skirted coat, flapped waist¬ coat, and all the queer costume of the period. Flapper (flse-pai), sb. [f. Flap v. + erI.] One who or that which flaps, in senses of the vb. 1 . One who flaps or strikes another. Hence (after Swift): A person who arouses the attention or jogs the memory; a remembrancer. Also, of a thing: A reminder. 1726 Swift Gulliver \\\. ii. 17 [The absent-minded philo¬ sophers of Laputa] always keep a Flapper, .in their Family ..And the Business of this Officer is. .gently to strike with his Bladder the Mouth of him who is to speak, and the Right Ear of him., to whom the Speaker addresseth himself. 1747 Chestf.rf. Lett. xeix. (17741 I. 291, I write to you. .by way of flapper, to put you in mind of yourself. 1852 Blackw. Mag. LXXI. 85 There is some advantage in having a flapper to remind us of our faults. 2 . Something flat to strike with; a fly-flap. 1570 Levins Manip. 'j'i/2. A flapper, Jlabellum. 1783 Wolcott (P. Pindar) Ode R. Academicians ii. Wks. 1812 I. 55 For flies most charming flappers. 1884 Pall Mall G. 15 Aug. 4/2 The captain sat . .with a flapper specially made for the slaughter of the vermin at his right hand. fg. 1612 tr. Benvenuto's Passenger 1. v. 35 An effectuall flapper to driue away the Flies of all worldly vanities. b. Something broad and flat used for making a noise by striking. 1825 Scott Talism. xi, They .. clanged their flappers in emulation of each other. 1888 Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk., Flappers , clappers for frightening birds. The loose parts are generally called the flappers. 1889 Cent. Diet.,Flapper.. 5.//.,very long shoes worn by negro minstrels. 3 . A young wild duck or partridge. 1773 G. White Selborne xxxix. 99, I saw young teals taken alive .. along with flappers, or young wild-ducks. 1809 Mar. Edgeworth Tales Fashion. Life, Manceuvring xiv, Lightbody happened to be gone out to shoot flappers. a 1825 in Forby Voc. E. Anglia. 1888 Berksh. Gloss ., Vlapper, a young partridge just able to fly. 4 . Something hanging flat and loose ; spec, the striking part of a flail, a swingle. 1854 Low eli Jrnl. Italy Prose Wks. 1890 I. 194 He lifts the heavy leathern flapper over the door. 1862 Thornbury Turner I. 5 Her hair is .. surmounted by a cap with large flappers. 1893 Baring-Gould Cheap Jack Z. I. 37 Runham, flourishing his flail over his head, and throwing out the flapper in the direction of Drownlands. b. A broad fin or flipper ; the tail of a crustacean. 1836 Marryat Midsh. Easy xxiv, With hands as broad as the flappers of a turtle. 1876 Miss Buckley Sho?‘t Hist. Nat. Sc. xl. 421 The hand of a man, and the flapper of a porpoise. 1880 Huxley Crayfsh i. 20 These two plates on each side, with the telson in the middle, constitute the flapper of the crayfish. c. slang. The hand. (Cf. flipper). [1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 441 He thrust out a couple of broad arms, or rather flappers.] 1833 Marryat P. Simple (1863) 201 ‘ My dear Mr. Simple, extend your flapper to me’. 1868 Lessons Mid. Age 19 ‘Come, Frank, and extend the flapper of friendship ’. d. (See quot.) 1856 Whyte Melville KateCov. xviii, Two well-mounted officials, termed..‘ flappers ’ by disrespectful sportsmen ; but whose duty, it appears, is to keep the chase in view till it either beats them off for pace, or leaves them ‘planted' at some large awkward impediment. 5 . Something hanging or working by or as by a hinge. In pi. = Clapnet. 1796 J. Owen Trav. Europe I. 265 The stranger came up, claimed the flappers, and told us, they were ‘ pour attraper les papillons’. 1839-47 Todd Cycl. Anat. III. 958/1 The opercular bones, forming flappers which open and shut the openings of the branchiae. 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining no The flappers or doors .. fall to or close of themselves. 6. attrib. and Comb, as flapper-s/iooling(stnse 3); also flapper-bag (see quot.); flapper-dock, ( a ) = flap-dock ; ( b) (see quots.); flapper-skate (see quot.). 1871 N. . Hush. 1. i, They sell ribbons and flappits, and other sort of geer for gentle¬ women. Flapping (floe’pi q),vbl. sb. [f. Flap v. + -ing T] + 1 . The action of knocking or beating; also attrib. Obs. 1629 Gaule Pract. Th. 335 He’s made their flapping, flouting, spawling Sport, a 1693 Urquhart Rabelais iii. xl. 331 The banging and flapping of him. 2 . The action of moving (wings) up and down. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xii. xiii. (1495) 422 By con- FLAPPING. 288 FLASH tynual flappynge of vvynges the gnatte makyth noyse in the ayre. 1824 Lamb Elia Ser. 11. Blakesmoor in H - shire , The hum and flappings of that one solitary wasp. 1843 Lever J. Hinton xxxiv, The heavy flapping of strong wing would point the course of a heron. 3. The action of swaying or working to and fro something broad and loose. 1631 J. Taylor (Water P.) Turn. Fort. Wheel (1848) 13 They hold your blessinge in no more avayle Then is the flapping of a fox his taile 1 1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. ted. 4) 603 By vigorous flappings of this extensive organ, the animal [the poulpe] actively impels itself through the water in a backward direction. Flapping, ppl. a. [ + -ing 2 .] Thai flaps. 1592 Wyrley Armorie 144 The flapping brace strikes off his setled hood. 1706 Loud. Gaz. No. 4236/4 A dark brown Mare, .with flapping Ears. 1711 Gay Trivia 1.128 Beneath his flapping Hat secures his Hair. 1859 Geo. Eliot A. Bede 414 Totty trotted off in her flapping bonnet. 1864 Miss Braddon H. Dunbar I. xvi. 285 She took the great flapping ears of the animal in her two hands. t Flappish (flse'pij), a. Obs.- 1 [f. Flap v. + -ish J .] Inclined to swing or toss loosely about. 1665 Howard Committee iv. 119 You are so flappish, you throw um [your keys] up and Down at your tail. Flappy (flse’pi), a. [f. Flap v. + -y h] + 1. = Flabby a. i. Obs. 1598 Florio, Impassire .. to grow flappy, withered, or wrimpled [1611 to grow flappie and wrimpled]. 2. dial. (See quots.) 1846 Brockett N. C. Words (ed. 3) Flappy, wild, irregular, unsteady. ‘ An old flappy body’. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss., Flappy, uneven, unsteady. ‘The carpet’s lyin’ aall flappy’. t ITa’p-sauce. Obs. [f. Flap v. + Sauce sbi] A glutton. 1540 Palsgr. Acolastus in. i. Nivb, Nowe hathe this glutton .i. this flappe sawce (the thyng) that he may plentu- ously swallowe downe hole. t riapse (deeps). Obs. [Cf. Ger .flaps of similar meaning ] An impudent fellow. a 1652 Brome New Acad. iv. ii, You are a Flapse to terme my sonne so. Flare (fle^i), sb. 1 Also (in sense 4 ) 9 flair, [f. Flare v. Not in Johnson or Todd.] 1. The action or quality of flaring, or giving forth a dazzling and unsteady light; dazzling but ir¬ regular light, like that of torches ; a sudden out¬ burst of flame. Also fig. Obtrusive display, osten¬ tation. 1814 Scott Ld. of Isles 1. xxviii, Lighted by the torches’ flare. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. (1857) L l - hi. viii. 80 Gardes Suisses: marching .. in the flare of torchlight. 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair x ix, We should all come home after the flare, and the noise, and the gayety. 1888 Pall Mall G. 6 Sept. 8/2 Flares of dazzling crimson and purple shot up from the mouth of the crater. 1888 Set. A?ner. N. S. LV 11 I. 21 Too modest for business push and flare. 2. a. Nant. = Flare-up 3 . b. A combustible made to be burnt as a night-signal at sea, and formerly as a railway fog-signal. 1883 W. C. Russell Sailor's Lang. 52 Flare , a light made by firing a tar-barrel, etc. 1883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 41 Boat Launching Flare. 1885 Law Times Rep. LIII. 60/1 The I.C.U. ..burnt flares over her quarter. 1887 Pall Mall G. 10 Jan., ‘Flares’ were burned for the purpose of warning the drivers of trains. 1889 W. Rye Cromer 10 ‘ Flares ’ are burned sometimes to warn mariners on bad nights. 3. Photogr. See quot. 1868 . Also, a similar ap¬ pearance in the object-glass of a telescope. 1868 Lea / 5 // otogr. 88 Flare or ghost in the camera is an indistinct image of the diaphragm. 1878 Lockyer Star¬ gazing 11. xi. 140 A ‘ flare ’ appearing, shows a want of a slight alteration of the setting screw, on the same side of the object-glass as the ‘ flare ’ or elongation appears. 4. Ship-build. Gradual swell or bulging outwards and upwards. Cf. Flare v. 4 . 1833 T. Richardson Merc. Marine Archit. 1 To give them more flair in the stem-head. 1882 Payne-Gallvvey Foiuler in Ircl. 25 The sides are nearly upright with little flare. 5. attrib. and Comb., as flare-light ; also flare- lamp, a lamp with an unprotected flame; flare- spot ( = sense 3 ) ; flare-tin, a tin vessel in which powder or other combustible material is burnt as a signal at sea. 1891 R. Kipling City Dread/. Nt. 83 We don’t know what fire-damp is here. We can use the *flare-lamps. 1894 Westm. Gaz. 1 Dec. 6/3 A *flare light was observed from the barque. 1893 Abney Photogr. xxxi. (ed. 8) 219 Flare spot.* 1884 W. C. Russell Jack's Courtsh. III. xiii, There was a *flare tin aboard, and from time to time we burnt this over the rail. Flare (fle-u), sb/ dial . [Of unknown origin ; cf. the synonymous Fleed.] The ‘leaf* or fat about the kidneys of a pig. Also attrib. 1847 Halliwell, Flare, fat round a pig’s kidney. 1851 Mayhew Loud. Labour I. 199 Flare-cakes .. are round cakes, made of flour and ‘ unrendered’ (unmelted) lard, and stuck over freely with currants. 1881 Oxfordsh. Gloss. Suppl., Fleeurn, the leaf of a pig (Holton), Yarn ton.) 1888 Loud. Tradesm. Advt. This Lard .. is made from the best Pork Flare only. Flare, sb. 3 : var. of Flaik 2, the skate. Flare v. Also 6 fleare ; 7 flaire, 7-9 flair. [Of unknown etymology; the mod.Norw. flara ‘ to blaze, to flaunt in gaudy attire ’ (Ivar Aasen) has been compared; but sense 5 , with which this agrees, is app. a somewhat late development.] 1. trans. +a. To spread out (hair); to display in an expanded form. Also with cut. Obs. c 1550 Robin Conscience 289 in Hazl. E. P. P. III. 244 To dye and to fleare your haire so abroad .. you doo it shamfully use. 1553 Becon Jewel Joy J vj b, It is inough for chast and pure maydes to weare .. simple apparell .. wythout the flaringe out and coleryng of theyr heare. b. To spread out to view, display; occas. with mixture of sense 5 . Hence, To wave to and fro (or round). To flare a handkerchief (slang): to whisk it out of a person’s pocket. a 1774 Goldsm. Surv. Expcr. Philos. (1776) II. 182 In seeing a flaming torch, if flared round in a circle, it appears as a ring of fire. 1838 Poe A. G. Pym Wks. 1864 IV. 116 We. .began instantly to make every signal in our power, by flaring the shirts in the air. 1851 Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 411/1 Just after that I flared it (whisked the handkerchief out). 1862 Burton Bk. Hunter (1863) 292 Those who flare their qualities before the world. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch «$• Clockm. 96 Hardening the drill by flaring it in the air. t 2. intr. Of hair, etc.: To spread out conspicu¬ ously, to stream or wave in the wind. Obs. 1579-80 North Plutarch (1676) 667 This Lady., shew¬ ing her mourning Apparell, and hair of her head flaring about her eyes. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. iv. vi. 42 Ribonds- pendant, flaring ’bout her head. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. hi. ii, Let flare my loosed hair. 1676 Hobbes Iliad (1677) 336 His plume by Vulcan made of golden hair .. ore his shoulders terribly did flare. 1837 Cooper Recoil. Europe II. 131 Her cap flared in the wind. 13. To display oneself conspicuously. Obs. 1633 T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter i. 6 The daughters of Moab and Midian.. light housewives, dancing, frisking, and flaring. 1709 Prior Hans Carvel 90 The Truth is this I cannot stay Flaring in Sun-shine all the Day. 4. a. intr. Of the sides of a vessel: To swell or bulge out gradually upwards; also, to flare over . 1644 Sea-man's Diet. 40 When a ship is a little howled in neere the water, and above that the work doth hang over againe .. they say, that the worke doth Flaire over. 1836 W. Irvixg Astoria (1849) 86 Their gunwales flare outwards. 1883 Harpeds Mag. July 934/2 It will be best to have the sides of our oblong diving-bell flare a little. b. trans. To cause to spread gradually out¬ wards. 1857 Colquhoun Compl. Oarsman's Guide 1 A skiff, .can be more conveniently flared, which gives buoyancy. 1858 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea ii. § 61 These pipes are then flared out so as to present a large cooling surface. 1888 Wood- gate Boating 143 The gunwale was .. flared out wide at these points. 5. intr. Of a candle, lamp, etc.: To burn with a spreading, unsteady flame, as when blown by the wind ; to shine as such a flame does ; to glow with or as with flame. Also with about, away , out, and quasi -trans. with cognate obj. To flare into : to pass with a flare into. 1632, 1633, 1661 [see Flaring ppl. a.] a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Flare, to Shine or glare like a Comet or Beacon. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Flaring ,wasting or consuming wastfully; as a Candle. 1794 Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolphoxxv i,The wind made the torch flare. 1801 Southey Thalaba xn. xviii, The unpruned taper flares a longer flame. 1819 Shel¬ ley Medusa 32 The midnight sky Flares. 1859 Tennyson Lancelot <$• Elaine 1020 Lo ! the blood-red light of dawn Flared on her face. 1874 Green Short Hist. ii. § 4. 72 Town and hamlet flaring into ashes. 1879 Beerbohm Patagonia viii. 132 The fire, .flared away without emitting any warmth. trausf. and^. 1837 J. H. Newman Par. Serm. (1839) I. xi. 165 Before the flame of religion in the heart is purified .. it will flare about. 1868 Milman St. Paul's 305 The Queen’s Protestant zeal flared out against these idolatrous images. 187X R. Ellis Catullus Ixviii. 141 Juno's self.. Crushes her eager rage, in wedlock-injury flaring. 1876 Green Stray Stud. 3 A gilded vane flares out above the grey Jacobean gables. b. nonce-use (with on). To go emitting flames. 1820 Keats Hyperion 1. 217 His flaming robes streamed out. .On he flared, From stately nave to nave. C. trans. Tolight up with aflare. Also {causative) To cause (a candle) to bum with a flare. To flare out: to send forth by means of a flaring flame. 1745 Mrs. Haywood E'emaleSpect. (1748) III. 309 For fear of flaring or putting out his beloved lights. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxviii. (1856) 238 The south-western horizon is flared with red streaks. 1861 Dickens Gt. Expect, liii, He flared the candle at me again, smoking my face and hair. 1874 Green Short Hist. vii. § 6. 409 The English beacons flared out their alarm along the coast. 6 . To flare tip \ a. to burst into a sudden and temporary blaze; also fig. Hence of persons : b. to break out into sudden anger; C. to have a ‘jollification ’, make merry boisterously. a. 1846 Thackeray Crit. Rev. Wks. 1886. XXIII. 99 Is a man .. to despond because he can’t in his person flare up like the sun ? 1867 Smiles Huguenots Eng. 428 They [per¬ secutions] flared up again..with increased fury. 1886 Sir F. H. Doyle Remiti. 388 The grass suddenly flared up. b. 1840 Mrs. Carlyle Lett . 5 Oct. (1883) I. 119 It is just because I love you. .that I flare up when [etc.]. 1870 Mrs. Riddell A us tin Friars iv, You flare up like a bull at sight of a red cloak. C. 1869 C. Keene Let. in G. S. Layard Lije vi. (1892) 138 We flared up again last night, and hailed the New Year with the usual ceremonies. Flare-otit. [See next and Flare v.] = Flare- dp 2 b. 1879 M Carthy Donna Quixote xvii, Paulina had a hard struggle many a time to keep down her temper, and not to have what she would have called a flare-out. Flare-up (fle»ri»p). [f. verbal phrase flare up : see Flare v. The stress is variable (cf. Break¬ down), but most commonly falls on the first syll.] 1 . A sudden breaking out into flame. 1859 M. Napier Li/e Dundee 1 .11. 351 The star of Lauder¬ dale .. well nigh consumed the patriot Duke [Hamilton] with the fierceness of its flare-up. 1864 Realm 13 Apr. 2 The percussion and flare up of lucifer-matches. 2 . fig. (not in dignified use): a. A brilliant but temporary access (of popularity, etc.), b. A vehe¬ ment outbreak of anger ; a violent commotion, c. An uproarious merrymaking, a ‘ spree \ a. 1866 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. III. 327 That flare-up of popularity in Edinburgh. b. 1837-40 Haliburton Clockm. (1862) 239 Some of our young citizens, .got into a flare-up with a party of boatmen . .a desperate row it was too. 1839 Sir C. Napier in Bruce Li/e iv. (1885) 133 The men would have been destroyed or defeated, and a pretty flare-up would have run like wildfire to Carlisle. 1845 W. Irving Li/e <$• Lett. (1866) III. 381 The President’s Message, .has not been of a tone to create any flare-up in England. 1884 Manch , Exam. 7 May 5/3 When the Council .. shows a determination to have a de¬ cisive voice .. there is a flare up. C. 1844 Alb. Smith Adv. Mr. Ledbury vii. (1886) 21 We ought to have a flare-up in our rooms. 1851 Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 160 Some have been having a flare-up. 3 . A 7 aut. A night-signal made by burning some highly inflammable material. Also flare-up light . 1858 A dm. Reg. in Merc. Marine Mag. V. 103 Pilot- vessels .. are to exhibit a Flare-up Light every 15 minutes. 1880 C. B. Berry Other Side 11 At night she [a pilot boat] burns a ‘ flare up ’ whenever she sights a ship's light. 1883 Daily News 25 June 5/6 Rockets were at once sent up and blue lights and flare-ups burned. Flaring (flee-rig), vbl. sb. [f. Flare v. + -ing T] cotter, in pi. Gaudy or showy trimmings, rare. 1881 Blackmore Christowell xii, Two girls .. with their Sunday stripes and flarings on. Flaring (fle^-rig), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing 2 .] f 1 . Of the hair, etc.: Spreading out or waving conspicuously, flaunting. Of a mirror: Giving a bulging or enlarged outline ; exaggerating. Obs. 1593 Nashe Christ's Teares , Wks. (Grosart) IV. 211 Thy flaring frounzed Periwigs. 1618 Bolton Florus (1636) 33 Marching forward ..with .. flaring head-tyres speckled like skins of serpents. 1635 Quarles Embl. 11. vi. 11718) 85 This flaring mirrour represents No right proportion, view, or feature. 1641 Milton Ch. Govt. 1. (1851) 23 In a flaring tire [they] bespeckl’d her with all the gaudy allurements of a Whore. 2 . Over-conspicuous, glaring, showy, gaudy; + extravagant, irregular. Now used as transf. from 4. 1610 G. Fletcher Christ's Viet, on Earth liv. To search for flaringshells. a 1659 Osborn Characters <$•<:.( 167 3) 630 Such a Flaring and intemperate a Course, as that of a Souldier. 17x7 Prior Alma ii. 518 A young flaring painted whore. 1746-7 Mrs. Delany Let. to Mrs. Dewes 446 Crimson and yellow flaring hangings of paper. 1769 Gray Let . Poems (1775) 365 No flaring gentleman’s house, or garden-walls, break in upon the repose of this .. paradise. 1820 Hazlitt Led. Dram. Lit. 346 The language is a mixture of metaphysical jargon and flaring prose. 1891 E. Peacock N. Brendon II. 313 This flaring Anonyma, as he called her. 3 . Of a vessel, etc.: That has its sides curving gradually outwards from the base. 1627 Capt. Smith Seaman’s Gram. xi. 52 If she were laid out aloft, and not flaring, c 1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 118 It is said that a ship has a flaring bow when the topside falls outward from a perpendicular. 1883 W. C. Russell Sea Queen III. iii. 57 A good-looking vessel, having what sailors call a flairing bow, which made her appear as round as an apple forward. 4 . Burning with a broad irregular flame ; shining brightly and fitfully. 1632 Milton Pcnscroso 132 And when the sun begins to fling His flaring beams. 1633 G. Herbert Temple, Ch. Windows iii, Speech alone Doth vanish like a flaring thing. 1661 Davenport City Night-Cap iii. i, I have tugg'd with tempests .. Out-star’d the flaring lightning. 1764 Goldsm. Trav. 400 Flaring tapers brightning as they waste. 1834 Ht. Martineau Farrers i. 18 He put out his flaring candle. fig. 1884 Pae Eustace 67 He stared at the speaker for several moments with a flaring countenance. Hence Plaring-ly adv., in a flaring manner; gaudily. In mod. Diets. Flary (fle^ri), a. rare . [f. Flare sb. + -y f] Gaudy, showy. 1866 Carlyle Remiti. (1881) I. 157 They were not so well dressed as their Edinburgh sisters ; something flary, glary, colours too flagrant and ill-assorted. 1873 — in Mrs. Car¬ lyle's Lett. I. 263 Flary, staring, and conceited, stolid- looking girls. Flash, (flsej), sb. 1 Forms: 5 flasche, 5-6 flassh(e, 9 dial, flass, 7- flash. [Of onomatopoeic origin ; cf. the synonyms flosche (Flosh), Flask sb/ (which are earlier recorded), Plash ( = MDu. plasch ), which seem to imitate the sound of ‘splash¬ ing 9 in a puddle. The synonymous F. flache may have influenced the Fng. word; it is commonly regarded as a subst. use of flache , fern, of OY.flac adj. soft L .flaccus.'] 1 . A pool, a marshy place. Obs. exc. local, c 1440 Promp. Parv. 403 Plasche, or flasche, where reyne water stondythe .. torrens, lacuna. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 70 The .. flasshes, and lowe places, and all the holowe ’ bunnes and pypes that growe therin. 1622 Drayton Poly-olb. xxv. 60 They [birds] from flash to flash, like the full Epicure Waft, as they lou’d to change their Diet euery FLASH. 289 FLASH meale. c 1746 J. Collier (Tim Bobbin) Latte. Dialect Gloss., Flashy a lake. 1826 H. N. Coleridge Six Months W. I. 280 A long flash, as they call it, or river with a large bay. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., Flash. .Also, a pool, Also, in the west, a river with a large bay, which is again separated from the outer sea by a reef of rocks. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirl II. in ‘ Hev’ ye forgotten .. when we was a duckin’ on Ferry Flash?* attrib. 1882 Lane. Gloss., Flash-pit, a pit nearly grown up with reeds and grass. 2. [Cf. F .Jtache place where a paving-stone has sunk.] (See quot.) 1888 Gresley Class. Coal Mining, Flash (Cheshire', a subsidence of the surface due to the working of rock salt and pumping of brine. Flash (flsej\ sb. z [f. Flash ».L] I. Burst of light or flame (and senses thence de¬ rived) ; cf. Flash zl 1 III. 1. A sudden outburst or issuing forth of flame or light; a sudden, quick, transitory blaze. Flash in the pan (see quot. 1810 ) ; fig. an abortive effort or outburst; cf. Flash v. 1 5 c. 1566 Painter Pal. Pleas. I. 108 Astouned like one that had been stroken with a flashe of lightening. 1635 Swan Spec. M. vi. (1643) 300 It fired with a sudden flash. 1697 Drydrn Virg. Georg, iv. 712 Three flashes of blue Light’ning. 1705 Bosnian Guinea 318 Missing his shot by a flash in the Pan. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World (1840* 309 Our men saw plainly the three flashes of the guns. 1810 James Milit. Diet. (ed. 3), Flash in the pan , an explosion of gunpowder without any communication beyond the touch-hole. 1833 Marryat P. Simple lviii, I now discharged grape alone, waiting for the flash of the fire to ascertain their direction. 1858 Merc. Marine Mag. V. 60 It is a Fixed White Light, varied by a Red Flash every half minute. b. slang. Flash of lightning : a glass of gin. 1789 Geo. Parker Life's Painter 149. 1801 Sporting Mag. XVII. 34 That fashionable liquor called flashes of lightning. 1830 Lytton P. Clifford II. iv. 112 The thunders of elo¬ quence being hushed, flashes of lightning, or, as the vulgar say ‘ glasses of gin' gleamed about. c. transf. The quick movement of a flag in signalling. 1870 Colomb & Bolton Flashing Sigtials 30 To make a short flash, the flag is moved from a to b .. To make a long flash, the flag is waved from a to c. 2. transf. The brief period during which a flash is visible: +a. Fora flash : for a brief moment; while the fit lasts ( obs .). b. In a flash : imme¬ diately, instantaneously. 9 1625 Bacon Ess. Greatness Kingd. (Arb.) 485 The Persians, and Macedonians, had it for a flash. 1648 Milton Tenure Kings (1650) 3 Most men are apt enough to civill wars and commotions as a noveltie, and for a flash hot and active. 1801 Spirit Pub. Jrnls. (1806) IX. 372 To the helm, my boy, in a flash. 1858 O. W. Holmes Aut . Break/.-t. vi. 160 A thoroughly popular lecture ought to have nothing in it which five hundred people cannot all take in a flash. 3. A brief outburst or transient display of some¬ thing regarded as resembling a flash of light. 1602 Shaks. Ham. v. i. 210 Your flashes of Merriment that were wont to set the Table on a Rore. 1652-62 Heylin Cosmogr. in. (1673) 8/2 A brave flash of vain¬ glorious hospitality 1665 Boyle Occas. Refl. v. iv. (1845) 309 An unseasonable disclosure of flashes of Wit. 1819 Byron Juan 11. xxxviii, But now there came a flash of hope once more. 1873 Black Pr. Thule ii. 27 A sort of flash of expectation passed over Lavender’s face. 4. Superficial brilliancy; ostentation, display; also + brilliant distinction, ‘ eclat * (obs.). f Phr. To cut a flash (cf. Dash sb. 10 ). 1674 S. Vincent Yng. Gallant's Acad. 97 Whose Enter¬ tainments to those of a higher rank are. .not only flash and meer Complement. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 59. i» 1 Pedants, .are apt to decry the Writings of a polite Author, as Flash and Froth. 1755 Gentl. Mag. XXV. 118 Berry gave him a crown, .to make a flash with to the boys. 1780 Mad. D’Arblay Diary June (1891) I. 271 Miss Weston, whose delicacy gave way to gaiety and flash, whether she would or not. 1782 C. A. Burney Jml. 15 Jan. in Mad. D’Arblay Early Diary II. 306 ,1 had not a very entertaining evening, but I would not but have been there, for the flash of the thing. 1795 Fate of Sedley I. 50 Some men .. cut a flash without any fortune. 1827 R. H. Froude Rem. (1838) I. 445, I .. shall be drawn .. into foolishness and flash, and everything that is disgusting. 1880 Webb Goethe's Faust Prel. Theat. 8 Mere flash a moment’s interest engages. + b. A piece of showy talk; a vain, empty phrase or vulgarism. Obs. 1605 B. Jonson, etc. Eastward Hoe iv. I, Sir Petronell Flash, I am sory to see such flashes as these proceede from a Gentleman of your Quality. 1649 Milton Eikon. xiL (1851) 433 Hee next falls to flashes, and a multitude of words. 1735 Dyche & Pardon Did.. Flash .. a Boast, Brag, or great Pretence made by a Spend-thrift, Quack, or Pretender to more Art or Knowledge than a Person has. + 5. A brilliant or ‘showy’ person; usually in contemptuous sense, one vain of his accomplish¬ ments or appearance, a coxcomb, fop. Obs. 1603 B. Jonson Sejanus 11. i, Such a spirit as yours, Was not created for the idle second To a poor flash, as Drusus. 1652 Benlowes Theoph. xi. lix. 200 Thou, inconsid’rate Flash, spend’st pretious Dayes In Dances, Banquets, Cour- tisms, Playes. 1677 Miege Eng.-Fr. Did ., A Flash, an empty shallow-brained fellow. 1764 Lovu Life 65 The Jem¬ mies, Brights, Flashes..and Smarts of the Town. 1807-8 W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 78 She is the highest flash of the ton—has much whim and more eccentricity. + 8 . slang . A wig. Obs. a 1700 B. E. Did. Cant. Crtiu, Flash , a Periwig. 1760 Bailey vol. II. a.t alle bingis b at b ou leist J> erto be flasch hoot. + Flash, a. 2 Obs. Also 6 flashe. [? ad. OF. flac, flache (mod.F. with unexplained alteration Jlasque) flabby, weak, insipidL. Jlaccus : see Flaccid. Cf. Flashy.] 1 . Weak, wanting in tone. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 30a, If the stomack be so flashe and louse that it can hold no meat. Ibid. 11. 74 a, Oxys is geuen vnto a flashe, louse or weike stomacke. 2. a. Of food: Insipid, b. fig. Of speech, reasonings, etc.: Trashy, void of meaning. a. 1601 Bp. Barlow Defence 89 The white of an egge, without salt, is flash and unsavery. 1642 J. Eaton Honey- combe Free Justif. 84 The mingling and mixing together of wine and water, .maketh flash matter of both. b- 1612 Brinsley Lud. Lit. 166 Matters vnfit for an Epistle, flash and to little purpose; but very childish. 1622 S. Ward Life Faith in Death 101 Loath I am to mingle Philosophicall Cordialls with Diuine, as water with wine, least my Consolations should bee flash and dilute. 1640 Fuller Joseph's Coat viii. (1867) 189 Flash in his matter, confused in his method, dreaming in his utterance. Flash (flrefi, a .3 Chiefly colloq. [f. Flash jA 2 ] 1 . Gaudy, showy, smart. Of persons: Dashing, ostentatious, swaggering, ‘ swell 1785 European Mag. VIII. 96 One of that numerous tribe of flash fellows, who live nobody knows where. 1836 J. H. Newman Lett. (1891) II. 200 If I could write a flash article on the subjunctive mood, I would, merely to show how clever I was. 1838 C. Sumner in Mem. <$• Lett. (1878) II. 23 Bulwer was here a few minutes ago in his flash falsetto dress, i860 Trollope E'ramley P. ix, This flash Member of Parliament. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Flash Vessels , all paint outside and no order within. 1877 Black Green Past, xliii. (1878) 348 A bit of flash oratory on the part of a paid pleader. 1882 Illustr. Sporting News 4 Feb. 502/2 A flash young rider, .frightens his horse out of his stride before they have well reached the distance. b. Of an hotel, etc. : First-class, fashionable, ‘ crack,* ‘ swell \ 1840 Thackeray Paris Sk.-bk. (1872)89 He. .frequented all the flash restaurateurs and boarding-houses. 1841 in Col. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 210 We then got into Meurice’s flash hotel. 2. Counterfeit, not genuine, sham. 1812 Sportitig Mag. XXXIX. 210 How could’st thou be so silly, Flash screens to ring for home-spun rope. 1821 Ann. Reg. 193 Passed for the purpose of suppressing the ‘Fleet* or ‘flash-notes*. 1837 Hood Agric. Distress vii, ‘A note’, says he..‘thou’st took a flash 'un.* 1863 R. B. Kimball Was he Successful? xii. 138 The difference between the real and the flash fashionable. 3 . slang. Knowing, wide-awake, ‘smart*, ‘fly*. 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Did., Half flash and half-foolish .. applied .. to a person, who has a smattering of the cant language, and .. pretends to a knowledge of life which he really does not possess. 1818 Sporting Mag. II. 217 Immense sums of money have been lost by the very flashest of the cognoscenti. 1839 H. Ainsworth J. Sheppard I. xii. 339 ‘Awake!—to be sure I am, my flash cove 1 ’ replied Sheppard. 4 . Belonging to, connected with or resembling, the class of sporting men, csp. the patrons of the ‘ ring \ 1808 Sporting Mag. XXX. 126 A sort of flash man upon the town. 1809 Ibid. XXXIII. 228 Crib, who was backed by what is termed the flash side. 1823 Byron Juan xi. xvii, Poor Tom was .. Full flash, all fancy. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick, xix, A gentleman with a flushed face and a flash air. 1862 Whyte Melville Inside Bar iv. (ed. 12) 267 After the departure of the flash butcher. 1880 G. R. Sims Three Brass Balls xi, One of the flash young gentlemen who haunt suburban billiard-rooms. 5 . Connected with or pertaining to the class of thieves, tramps, and prostitutes. Chiefly in Comb., as flash-case ( — Flash-house), -cove, -crib , -ken. Also Flash-house, Flash-man. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Flash-ken, a House where 37 FLASH. 290 FLASH, Thieves use, and are connived at. 1718 C. Hitchin Re¬ ceivers <$• Thief-Takers 8 A Ken or House frequented by the Thieves and Thief-Takers, or, in their own dialect, thoroughly Flash. 1800 Sporting Mag. XVI. 26 Mack and I called at a flash ken in St. Giles's. 1819 Ibid. V. 122 The flash part of the creation. 1823 Egan Grose's Diet. Vulg. Tong., Flash Cove or Covess, the master or mistress of the house. 1832 Examiner 6 84/1 She has been the asso¬ ciate of ‘flash thieves'. 1839 H. Ainsworth % Sheppard I. xi. 322, I know the house .. it’s a flash crib. Ibid. III. xiL 28 I’ve been to all the flash cases in town. b. esp. of the language spoken by thieves : Cant, slang. Also quasi-jA A statement made by Dr. Aikin, Country round Man¬ chester ( 1795)437, that ‘flash' language was so called be¬ cause spoken by pedlars from a place called Flash near Macclesfield, is often repeated, but is of no authority. 1746 Narr. Exploits H. Simms in Borrow Zincali (1843) II. 129 They .. began to talk their Flash Language, which I did not then understand. 1756 Toldervy Hist. Two Orph. II. 79 Copper learnt flash, and to blow the trumpet. 1782 G. Parker Hum. Sk. 34 No more like a Kiddy he’ll roll the flash song. 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Diet. (1819) 173 To speak good flash is to be welt versed in cant terms. 1840 Hood Miss Kilmansegg, Her Misery xviii, His comrades explain'd in flash. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, Montaigne Wks. ( Bohn) I. 343 He will .. use flash and street ballads. 1858 O. W. Holmes Aut. Break/.-t. (1891) 257, I used all the flash words myself just when I pleased. Hence Fla'shly adv. {slang), in a flash manner; handsomely, elegantly. Also, in flash language. 1812 Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 19 A sort of despondency Hastily termed fencing. 1857 Song in Ducange Anglicus Vulg. Tongue 42 Vour fogle you must Hastily tie. Flash (fleef), v . 1 Forms: 4-5 flas(s)(c)he, 6- flash. [app. of onomatopoeic origin; with senses 1-2 cf. plash, dash, splash ; the 13th c. variant Flask has been referred to an alleged OF. Mas¬ quer, a supposed older form of Fr .flaquer. With sense 4 cf. flap and slash. The use of the word to express movement of fire or light (branch III), which is now the most prominent application, has not been found (unless in one doubtful example) before the second half of the 16th c. It seems to have originated in a transferred or extended use of sense 1 ; the coincidence of the initial sounds with those of flame may have helped the development of sense; cf. Sw. dial .flasa, Eng. Aiah.flaze, to blaze.] I. Expressing movement of a liquid. 1 . intr. Of the sea, waves, etc.: To rush along the surface ; to rise and dash, esp. with the tide. Also with up. In later use with mixture of sense 9. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) Ibid. II. 369 J>e wawes of t>e see Siculus, J>at flaschej) and waschek vppon a rokke J>at hatte Scylla. 1577-87 Holinshed Chron. I. 181/2 The sea . .also flashed vp vnto his legs and knees. 1613 W. Browne Brit. Past. n. iii, Yet vvill a many little surges be Flashing upon the rocke full busily. 1634-5 Brereton Trav (1844) I. 166 Sometimes the waves flashed into the ship at the loop-holes at stem. 1727-46 Thomson Summer 601 The tortured wave .. Now flashes o’er the scattered fragments. 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle (1859) xvii. 473 The roaring surf was flashing up over the clumps of green bushes. 1834 Medwin Angler in Wales II. 245 The Tivy .. flashed in a sheet of foam through the chasm. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. lxx. 15 The cataract flashing from the bridge, The breaker breaking on the beach. f 2 . trans. To dash or splash (water) about , abroad, upon something. Obs. exc. with mixture of sense 11. c 1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 985 Rynse hym with rose watur warme & feire vppon hym flasche. 1528 Paynel Saleme Regim. H b, The spume [froth of wine] to be thynne and soone flashed. 1590 Spenser F. Q. ii. vi. 42 With his raging armes he rudely flasht The waves about. 1602 Carew Cornwall 266 Somewhat before a tempest if the sea-water bee flashed with a Sticke or Oare the same casteth a bright shining Colour. 1611 Cotgr., Gaschcr , to dash, plash, flash (as water in rowing.) 1638 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 20 The wave flashing upon our decks .. much salt water. 1813 Scott Rokeby 11. vi. 11 Flashing her sparkling waves abroad. 3 . trans . To send a * flash * or rush of water down (a river); also absol. Also, to send (a boat) down by a flash. 179X W. Jessop Rep. Thames Isis 20 Every Inch that can be gained, .will save much time and water in flashing from above. 1840 Mrs, Btowning Drama Exile Poems 1889 I. 69 We [earth spirits] .. Flash the river, lift the palm-tree, The dilated ocean roll. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech ., s.v. Flashing , The gunboats were flashed over the falls at Alexandria by means of a wing-dam. t II. 4 . trans. To slash, strike swiftly ; also, to dash, throw violently down. Obs. ’ta 1400 Morte Arth. 4238 The ffelonne with the ffyne swerde freschety he strykes, The ffelettes of the fferrere syde he flassches in sondyre. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke iv. 35 With much great roaryng flashyng hym on the grounde. III. With reference to fire or light. 5 . intr. Of fire or light: To break forth suddenly. Of lightning: To break forth repeatedly, to play. Of a combustible, a gun, etc.: To give out flame, or sparks; to burst into flame. Also with about, off, out, up, etc. The first quot. is difficult; possibly it gives a transferred use of sense i. The passage is our only example of branch III before 16th c. C1400 Destr. Troy 12498 A thoner and a thicke rayne J>niblet in the skewes .. All flasshet in a ffire the firmament ouer. 1548 [see Flashing ppl. a. 1]. 1596 Spenser F.Q. v. v. 8 So did Sir Artegall upon her lay. .That flakes of fire .. Out of her steely armes were flashing seene. 1618 Elton Exp. Rom. vii (1622) 214 They shall feele the flames of Hell flashing vp in their owne soules. 1650 S. Clarke Eccl. Hist. (1654^ I. 9 The flame vehemently flashed about; which was terrible to the beholders. 1661 Boyle Phys. Ess., Salt Petre § 21. 121 The Nitre will immediately take fire, and flash out into blewish and halituous flames. 1791 Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Fo?-cst viii, The lightning began to flash along the chamber. 1858 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. (1865) I. iii. xi. 206 The gun flashed off, with due outburst, and almost with due effect, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. ii. 12 Lightning flashed about the summits of the Jungfrau. 1887 Bowen Virg. sEneid iii. 199 From the clouds fire flashes again and again. b. Of a hydro-carbon: To give forth vapour at a temperature at which it will ignite. 1890 Daily News 22 Oct. 5/5 The low temperature at which both flashed. c. To flash in the pan: lit . said of a gun, when the priming powder is kindled without igniting the charge; fig. to fail after a showy effort, to fail to 1 go off . 1687 Settle Rejl. Dry den 20 If Cannons were so well bred in his Metaphor as only to flash in the Pan, I dare lay an even wager that Mr. Dryden durst venture to Sea. 1741 Compl. Fam. Piece 11. i. 320 It will occasion it oft-times to flash in the Pan a great while before it goeth off. 1792 Gouv. Morris in Sparks Life <$• Writ. (1832) I. 377 Their majesties flashed in the pan yesterday. 1830 Galt Lawrie T. ill. ix. (1849) II 4 Flashing in the pan scares ducks. 1852 W. Jerdan^7/^/^. IV.xiii. 237 Cannon attempted a joke which flashed in the pan. f6. trans. ? To scorch with a burst of hot vapour. Obs. rare~ 1 . 1600 Holland Livy xxvm. xxiii. 685 Others flashed and half senged with the hote steem of the vapour and breath issuing from the light fire. 7 . intr. To emit or reflect light with sudden or intermittent brilliance; to gleam. Said also of the eyes. 1791 Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest ii, The almost expiring light flashed faintly upon the walls of the passage. 1820 Shelley Let. to M. Gisborne 281 Like winged stars the fire¬ flies flash and glance. 1834 Medwin Angler m Wales I. 268 Rapid zigzags, that flashed each like a plate of silver. 1854 Tennyson Charge Light Brigade iv, Flash’d all their sabres bare, Flash’d as they turn’d in air. 1857 Holland Bay Path xviii. 207 Her eyes flashed. 1868 F reeman Norm. Conq.p 1876) II. vii. 26 The prince who had never seen steel flash in earnest. 8 . trans. To emit or convey (light, fire, etc.) in a sudden flash or flashes. Also with forth , out. 1610 Holland Camden's Brit. 1. 274 They flashen fire from either hand. 1639 S. Du Verger tr. Camus' Admir. Events 100 Yet ere he thundred by deeds he flasht out lightning by threats. 1697 Dryden FEneid viii. 39 The glitt’ring Species .. on the Pavement play, And to the Cieling flash the glaring Day. 1744 Gray Let. Poems ( x 775) 176 If any spark of Wit’s delusive ray Break out, and flash a momentary day. 1842 Tennyson Locksley Hall 186 Rift the hills, and roll the waters, flash the lightnings, weigh the Sun. transf and fig. 1592 Shaks. Ven. Ad. 348 But now her cheeke was pale and by and by It flasht forth fire. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677). 179 Who flashes him this thundring retort, For thy ambition. 1854 J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) II. xxi. 397 His eyes flashed fire. b. To send back as a flash from a mirror; to reflect. More fully to flash back. 1716 Pope Iliad viii. 54 Of heaven's undrossy gold the god’s array, Refulgent, flash’d intolerable day. 1808 J. Barlow Columb. v. 201 Then waved his gleamy sword that flash'd the day. 1808 Scott Marm. 1. i, Their armour .. Flash’d back again the western blaze. c. transf. To cause to appear like a flash of lightning; to send forth swiftly and suddenly. Also with out. Const, in, into , on or upon. 1589 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 32 She .. flashed out such a blush from her alabaster cheeks that they lookt like the ruddie gates of the morning. 1638 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 105 His name would flash terrour into the hearts of his most potent adversaries. 1700 Farquhar Constant Couple v. iii, Methinks the motto of this sacred pledge should flash confusion in your guilty face. 1794 Coleridge Death Chatterton vi, Thy native cot she flash’d upon thy view. 1813 Shelley Q. Mab iii. 145 Red the gaze That flashes desolation, strong the arm That scatters multitudes. d. To flash dead : to strike dead with a flash. 1682 Dryden & Lee Duke of Guise iv. iii, This one de¬ parting glance shall flash thee dead. 1690 Dryden Don Seb. 111. i, Now flash him dead, now crumble him to ashes. 9 . intr. To come like a flash of light; to burst suddenly into view or perception. Also with forth , in, out, etc. 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. ii. 5 Ever and anone the rosy red Flasht through her face. 1683 Dryden Life Plutarch I. 118 The arguments, .flash immediately on your imagination, but leave no durable effect. 1781 Gibbon Decl. <$• F. II. xxxiv. 281 A martial ardour flashed from the eyes of the warriors. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Toms C. xv, A sudden recollection seemed to flash upon him. 1856 Masson Ess. v. 165 In 1720. .he [Swift] again flashed forth as a political luminary. 1861 Thackeray Four j Georges iii. (1876) 75 Garrick flashing in with a story from his theatre. 1866 Mrs. Gaskell Wives & Dau. xi. (1867) I” Molly’s colour flashed into her face. 1874 F. C. Burn and My Time viii. 68 It flashed across me that almost the last name I had heard .. was this identical one. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. III. 186 The picture flashes out almost instantly. b. To move like a flash, pass with lightning speed. Also with cognate obj. To flash its way. 1821 Shelley Hellas 956 When desolation flashes o’er a world destroyed. 1839 40 W. Irving Wolfert's R. (1855) 151 The French intellect .. flashes its way into a subject with the rapidity of lightning. 1859 Kingsley Misc. (i860) 11 . 141 The lurchers flashed like grey snakes after the hare. 1877 Black Green Past. ii. (1878) 11 The swallows dipped and flashed and circled over the bosom of the lake. 10 . To break out into sudden action ; to pass abruptly into a specified state. Also with forth , out. 1605 Shaks. Lear 1. iii. 4 Euery howre He flashes into one grosse crime, or other. 1711 H. Felton Diss. Classics ( 1713) 8 They flash out sometimes into an irregular Greatness of Thought. 1859 Tennyson Idylls, E?iid 273 Whereat Geraint flash’d into sudden spleen. 1862 G. P. Scrope Volcanos 39 It [water] flashes instantly into steam with explosive violence. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets\ ii. 189 Athens, .flashed .. into the full consciousness of her own greatness. 1877 A. H. Green Phys. Geol. 219 The imprisoned steam flashes forth in repeated explosions. 1883 Stevenson Treasure I si. iii. xiv, At this poor Tom flashed out like a hero. b. To flash up: to burst into sudden passion or anger. 1822 Scott Fam. Let. 25 June (1894) II. xviii. 143 Though we do not flash up in an instant like Paddy, our resent¬ ments are much more enduring. 11. trans. To cause to flash ; to kindle with a flash ; to draw or wave (a sword) so as to make it flash. 1632 Lithgow Trav. viii. 375 We eyther shot off a Har- quebuse, or else flashed some powder in the Ayre. 1709 Brit. Apollo II. No. 7. 2/2 They will flash off the Gun¬ powder. 1801 Southey Thalaba v. xxxvi, Forth he flash’d his scymetar. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 155 The oil .. is .. usually flashed; a few drops of water make it de¬ flagrate. 1850 Kingsley Alt. Locke v. (1876) 60 Turning round I had a lantern flashed in my face. 1880 Encycl. Brit. XI. 325/2 Sometimes a small portion [of gunpowder] is roughly granulated, and ‘ flashed ’ on plates of glass. + b. To illuminate intermittently; transf , to make resplendent with bright colours. Obs. or arch. 1607 Brewer Lingua 1. i, Limming and flashing it with various Dyes. 1861 Buckle Civiliz. II. 189 The darkened sky flashed by frequent lightning 1894 E. H. Barker Two S ummers in Guyenne 71 The turf was flashed with splen¬ did flowers of the purple orchis. 12 . To express, utter, or communicate by a flash or flashes; esp. in modern use, to send (a message) along the wires of a telegraph. 1789 Cowper Ann. Mirab. 55 Then suddenly regain the prize And flash thanksgivings to the skies ! 1813 Shelley Q. Mab v. 119 The proud rich man’s eye Flashing com¬ mand. 1847 T ennyson Princ. Prol. 78 Thro’ twenty posts of telegraph They flash'd a saucy message to and fro. 1858 Froude Hist. Eng. III. xvii. 459 The cannon .. flashed their welcome through the darkness. 1888 Burgon Lives 12 Gd. Men II. v. 69 The intelligence was flashed next day all over England. 13 . intr. To make a flash or display, cut a figure, show off. Also, to flash it (about or away). Now colloq. or slang. 1607 Shaks. Timon 11. i. 32 A naked gull Which flashes now a Phoenix. 1652 C. B. Stapylton Herodian 115 While they with Plaies and Sports doe squib and flash. 1697 Collier Ess. Mor. Subj. 1. iii. 130 Methinks 'tis fine.. to Flash in the Face of Danger. 1780 Mrs. Thrale in Mad. D’Arblay Diary <$• Lett. 29 June (1842) I. 409 My master .. jokes Peggy Owen for her want of power to flash. 1798 O’Keefe Fontainbleau iii. i, Spunging upon my customers, and flashing it away in their old clothes. 1798 Geraldina I. 46, I nod to him .. whilst he is flashing the gentleman amongst the girls. 1877 Five Years' Penal Serv. iii. 220 He flashed it about a good deal for a long time .. Sometimes he was a lord, at others an earl. b. slang. To make a great display of, exhibit ostentatiously, show off, 1 sport \ 1785 Grose Diet. Vulg. Tong., Flash .. to shew osten¬ tatiously; to flash one’s ivory, to laugh and shew one’s teeth. 1819 Moore Tom Crib's Mem. (ed. 3) 2 His Lordship, as usual .. is flashing his gab. 1832 Examiner 845/1 It was known that the deceased had money, in con¬ sequence of flashing his purse about. 1864 Reader 23 Jan. 96 Ladies go to church to exhibit their bonnets, and young gentlemen to flash their diamond rings. 14 . In certain technical uses. a. Glass-making, intr. Of a blown globe of glass: To spread out or expand into a sheet. Also trans. (a) To cause (a globe of glass) to expand into a sheet; (b) To cover (colourless glass) with a film of coloured glass; to melt (the film) on or over a sheet of colourless glass. 1839 Urf. Diet. Arts 581 s.v. Glass-making Few tools are needed for blowing and flashing crown-glass. 1846 W. Johnston Beckmann s Invent. ied. 4) I. 135 Plain glass flashed or coated with a very thin layer of [rose-coloured] glass. Ibid. 133 Glass-makers used to flash a thin layer of red over a substratum of plain glass. 1876 Barff Glass Silicates 82 Until at last the softened mass instantaneously flashes out into a circular sheet. 1883 Proctor in 19 th Cent. Nov. 882 Not merely flashed with a violet tint, but the glass itself so tinted. b. Electric lighting. To make (a carbon fila¬ ment) uniform in thickness, by plunging it when heated into a heavy hydro-carbon gas. 1888 Pall Mall G. 19 July 2/2 We have carried the manu¬ facture of our filaments to such perfection that although we do not flash them there are absolutely no inequalities discoverable. Hence Flashed ppl. a. 1876 Barff Glass 4* Silicates 96 Glass made in this way is called ‘ coated ’ and sometimes ‘ flashed ’ glass. 1890 Urqu- hart Electric Light ix. (ed. 3) 284 ‘ Flashed’ Filaments, FLASH 291 FLASK. Flash (flsej), v.- dial. [f. Flash 1884 Cheshire Gloss., Flash , to put small sheets of lead under the slates of a house .. to prevent the rain from running into the joint. Flash-board. [f. Flash v. 1 + Board sb.~\ a. (See quot. 1768.) b. A board set up on edge upon a mill-dam, when the water is low, to throw a larger quantity of water into the mill-race. 1768^74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 32 The miller of an overshot mill.. has shoots lying over every one of his wheels, stopped by flash-boards, at their upper ends. Ibid. Should an eel wriggle under any of the flash-boards, this might give the water a passage without any act of the miller. i860 Bartlett Diet. A mer., Flash Board. 1868 Peard Water-Farm. xv. 158 When .. the connecting canals have been cut, and the flash-boards erected. fig. 1822 T. L. Peacock Maid Marian iv, He pulled up all the flash-boards at once and gave loose to the full torrent of his indignation. Flasher (flse-Jaj). [f. Flash vA + -er.] One who or that which flashes. + 1. One who splashes water. Obs. 1611 Cotgr., Gascheur. .also, a flasher or dasher of water. 1736 Ainsworth, A flasher of water, aspersor. 2 . Something which emits flashes of light. 1686 Goad Celest. Bodies 11. iv. 198 They were Spit-Fires, Thunderers and Flashers. + 3 . One of the attendants on a gaming table (see quot.). Obs. 1731 in Malcolm Manners <$• Cast. Lond. (1808) 166 A Flasher, to swear how often the bank has been stripped. 1756 W. Toldervy Hist. Two Orphans I. 68 [He] had often sate a flasher at M . . d . . g. . n’s. 1797 Sporting Flag. X. 312. t 4 . A person of brilliant appearance or accom¬ plishment. I 7 S 5 Johnson (citing Dict.\ Flasher , a man of more appearance of wit than reality. 1779 Mad. D’Arblay Diary Oct. I. 260 They are reckoned the flashers of the place, yet everybody laughs at them for their airs. 1780 Ibid. May I. 333 Sir John Harrington .. one of the gayest writers and flashers of her reign. 5 . The workman who * flashes * glass (see quot.). 1839 Ure Diet. Arts 582 s.v. Glass-making He next hands it to the flasher, who .. wheels it rapidly round opposite to a powerful flame, till it assumes, .finally [the figure] of a flat circular table. 6. (See quot.) 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 876/2 Flasher .. a form of steam-boiler in which small bodies of water are injected into a heated boiler and flashed into steam. 7 . a. ‘ A name of the lesser butcher-bird: see Flusher' (Ogilvie 18S2). b. A fish (Lobotes surinamensis ). 1882 Jordan & Gilbert Fishes N. Amer. 555. Flashful (flse-Jful), a. rare . [f. Flash sb . + -ful.] Full of flashes. 1890 W. C. Russell Ocean Trag. III. xxxi. 154 The sky .. flashful in places with a view of the cross of the southern hemisphere. 1891 Illnstr. Lond. News 13 June 774/3 A strange, gloomy huddle of discoloured countenances flash¬ ful with eyes. Flash-house, [f. Flash a . 3 + House.] A house frequented by * flash ’ persons (see Flash af 5) ; a resort of thieves; also, a brothel. 1816 Rep. Committee on Police Metrop. 209 Is the flash- house an assistance to the officer? 1828 Macaulay Ess ., Hallarn (1843) !• J 9 2 The humours of a gang of footpads, revelling with their favourite beauties at a flash-house. Flashily (flse'Jili), adv . [f. Flashy + -ly 2 .] In a flashy manner ; gaudily, showily. Also, like or as a flash. 1730-6 Bailey (folio), Flashily , vainly, frothily. 1863 Speke Discern. Nile 154 (Farmer) Flashily dressed in coloured cloths and a turban. 1864 Miss Braddon H. Dunbar v, He chose no gaudy colours or flashily-cut vestments. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. III. xeix. 392 An ill-omened looking man, flashily dressed, and rude in demeanour. Flashiness (flarjines). [f. as prec. + -NESS.] The quality of being flashy. + 1 . Want of flavour, insipidity. Obs. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 461 When you would take away either their [Artichokes, etc.] Flashiness or Bitterness. 1655 Moufet & Bennet Health's Intprov. (1746) 345 What is Fish..before Salt correcteth the Flashiness thereof? Jig. a 1603 T. Cartwright Confut. Rhem. N. T. (1618) 481 The flashinesse and unsavourinesse of the allegories. 1769 Public Advertiser 8 June 4/2 The Insipidity and Flashiness of Quality-prattle. 2 . a. Of speech: Superficial brilliance, b. Of dress: Gaudiness, showiness. 1709 Brit . Apollo II. No. 9. 2/2 The Flashyness of his Discourse. 1854 Hawthorne Eng. Note-bks. (1879) !• 163 With some little touch of sailor-like flashiness. Flashing (flae jiq), vbl. sbA [f. Flash v. 1 + -ing 1 .] The action of the vb. in various senses. 1 . A splashing (of water). 1611 Cotgr., Gascliement. .a flashing, dashing, or plashing, as of water in rowing. 1727 Bailey vol. II., Flashing .. dashing or spurting as Water, a Spurting. 2 . The process of letting down a flash of water to carry a boat over the shallows of a river. 1791 Rep. Navig. Thames <5- Isis 11 By removing the shallows, and continuing the use of Flashing. 3 . The bursting out or sending forth of flame or light. 1573 Baret Alv. F 617 The Flashing of fire, or lightning, coruseatio. 1652 F. Kirkman Clerio <5- Lozia 81 They began their Flashings and Musique until all were gone out. 1748 Franklin Lett. Wks. 1840 V. 218 The sphere of elec¬ trical attraction is far beyond the distance of flashing. 1880 Browning Dram. Idylls , Ser. 11. Echetlos 8 A flashing came and went. tram/, and Jig. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage 1. v. (1614) 26 So much the greater is their sinne, that seeke to flash out these flashings. 1641 Milton Ch. Govt. 1. (1851) 12 Rome, from whence was to be expected the furious flashing of Excommunications. 1676 R. Dixon Nat. Two Test. 282 Mingled with Poetical flashings and ginglings. 4 . A rapid movement resembling or producing a flash of light; the drawing or waving of a sword with a flash. 1865 Lecky Ration. (1878) I. 43 The coruscations of the Aurora are said to have been attributed to the flashings of their wings. 1886 Sheldon tr. Flaubert's Salammbo 19 Excited by the flashing of the naked swords. 5 . techn. a. Glass-making. (See Flash v. 14a.) 1832 Babbage Econ. Manuf. iv. (ed. 3) 35 The process for making window glass, termed flashing. 1839 Sat. Mag. 23 Feb. 66/1 Flashing, that is, uniting a thin layer of coloured glass with another layer which is colourless. b. Electric lighting, (see quot. and Flash v. i 4 b.) 1892 Gloss. Electr. Terms in Lightning 3 Mar. Suppl., Flashing, (a) Of a dynamo machine. Abnormally long sparks sometimes seen at the commutator of a dynamo. (/;) A process for rendering the filaments of incandescent lamps of uniform resistance throughout. 6. attrib. and Comb., as flashing-furnace ; flash¬ ing-board, a sloping board at the bottom of a door or casement to keep off the rain; flashing-point, the temperature at which the vapour given off from an oil or hydrocarbon will ‘ flash * or ignite. 1852 Burn Nav. «$• Mil. Techn. Diet. 11. Eng.-Fr., Flashing board, reverseau. 1839 Ure Diet. A rts 580 ( Glass-making) There are .. several subsidiary furnaces to a crown-house .. 3. a flashing furnace, and bottoming hole for communicating a softening heat. 1878 Ure's Diet. A rts IV. 570 The flashing- point was proved to have been abnormally high. Flashing (fls'Jig), vbl. sb 2 [f. Flash v. 2 ; cf. Flash jyM] concr. (See quot. 1874.) 1782 Phil. Trans. LXXII. 359 At its junction with the wall a flashing of lead is carried along horizontally. 1842 in Gwilt Encyel. Archit. § 2214. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 876/2 Flashing, (a) A lap-joint used in sheet-metal roofing, where the edges of the sheets meet on a projecting edge, (b) A strip of lead leading the drip of a wall into a gutter. Flashing (flte - Jit]),///. a. [f. Flash v . 1 + -ing 2 .] 1 . That flashes, in various senses of the vb. 1548 Udall, etc. Ei'asm. Par. Jas. iii. 5 Wherof cometh that horrible and broade flasshing flame of fyre? 1616 J. Lane Cont. Sqrs. T. xi. 330 His horse was of a sangine color redd, so weare his flasshinge plumes aloft his head. 1727-46 Thomson Summer 382 Fast, fast they plunge amid the flashing wave. 1835 Lytton Rienzi 1. iii, Before the flashing eye and menacing gesture of the cavalier. b. transf. and fig. 1613 Hieron Triall of Adopt. Wks. 1624 I. 315 Imagina¬ tion and fancy may breed a certaine flashing ioy, but there is no perpetuity, no setlednesse of reioycing. 1654 Z. Coke Logick Ded. (1657) A v b, Scorched with flashing zeal. 1826 Disraeli Viv. Grey v. xii, Her lovely face was crimsoned with her flashing blood. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) II. 93 Again and again she beholds the flashing beauty of the beloved. c. Flashing light (in a lighthouse, etc.). Flash¬ ing signals , signals made with flashes of light. 1858 Merc. Marine Mag. V. 30 Flashing Light on Hogsten ..It is Fixed, with a Flash once every three minutes. 1863 Colomb in Jml. R. United Service Instit. VII. 386 We then agreed that .. a system of flashing signals was prac¬ ticable. 2 . Comb., as flashing-eyed adj. 1880 Miss Broughton Sec. Th. m. iv, * You are ruining the child ! 1 cries Gillian, still flashing-eyed and panting. Hence Fla’shingly adv., in a flashing manner. 1891 Illustr. Lond. News 21 Nov. 658/3 They rain flash- ingly, a visible brilliance. Flashly adv .: see Flash a. 3 Flash-man. (Also as two words.) [Flash aA] a. One who is ‘ flash * or knowing ; a com¬ panion of thieves ; a bully, a 1 fancy-man \ b. A sporting man ; a patron of the ‘ring*; a ‘swell’. a. 1789 G. Parker Life's Painter 141 A flash-man is a fellow that lives upon the hackneyed prostitution of an unfortunate woman of the town. 1833 Marry at P. Simple (1863) 235 A large mob .. vowing vengeance on us for our treatment of their flash man. 1859 H. Kingsley G. Hamlyn v, * You’re playing a dangerous game, my flash man.’ b. 1812 Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 21 The display of flash- men, from the Peer on the coach-box, to the most gentle¬ manly-looking pick-pocket, was very complete. 1819 Moore Tom Crib's Mem. 55 Shouts and yells From Trojan Flash- men and Sicilian Swells Fill’d the wide heav’n. Fla shmonger. [f. as prec. + Monger.] One who uses the * flash * language. 1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy I. 395 A little crib, as the flashmongers would call it. Flashness (fleejnes). [f. Flash a . 2 and 3 + -ness.] The quality or state of being flash. f 1. a. Of the stomach : Weakness, b. Of reason¬ ing : Insipid, flavourless character ; superficiality. 1562 Turner Baths 8 b, They are good for the lousnes and flashnes of the stomack. 1604 T. Wright Passions v. iv. 184 The acutenesse in the other [plausible persuasions] will allay their flashnesse and render them pleasant. 2 . a. Gaudiness. b. Affectation of* flash’ways. See Flash a. 3 i. 1885 Runciman Skippers »$• Sh. 260 All the tawdry flash¬ ness of the place. 1888 Boldrewood Robbery under Arms xvi. (1890) 109 * Through Starlight’s cussed flashness and carry in’s on in fine company.’ Flashy (floejl), a. [f. Flash sb . 2 and v. + -Y Association with Flash a 2 and 3 has probably affected some of the senses.] + 1 . Throwing up water, splashing. Obs. i583STANYHURSTylc;*mii.(Arb.)59 Not so great a ruffling the riuer strong flasshye reteyneth. 1611 Cotgr., Gascheux, flashie, plashie, washie, dashing, bespatling. 2 . + a. Over-moist, watery, frothy, fb. Insipid, tasteless, vapid. 1625 Bacon Ess., Studies (Arb.) 11 Distilled Bookes, are like common distilled Waters, Flashy things. 1658 Evelyn Fr. Gard. 198 The other [turnips] being soft, flashy, and insipid. 1669 Worlidge Syst. AgricJ 1681) 41 The taste of them is more sweet and flashy than Groats made of common Oats. 1702 W. J. Bruy n’s Voy. Levant xxi. 94 They [artichokes] eat not so flashy as when they are Boyled after our Way. 1743 Lond. <$• Country Brew. iv. (ed. 2) 329 It is not the first flashy, frothy Yeast. 1771 Ann. Reg. 107/1 The young grass which springs in consequence of a flood, is of so flashy a nature that it occasions this common com¬ plaint. 1847 Halliwell, Flashy .. loose, unstable, as un¬ sound grass; insipid. + c. fig. Of persons and immaterial things: Trifling, destitute of solidity or purpose; void of meaning, trashy. Obs. 1597-8 Bp. Hall Sat. Postscr., It can yeeld nothing but a flashy and loose conceyt to the judgement. 1637 Milton Lycidas 122 Their lean and flashie songs. 1647 Trapp Comm. Epistles 146 Their mirth is frothy and flashy, such as smooths the brow, but fils not the brest. 1679 Shadwell True Widow 31 They are a company of flashy, frothy Fellows. 1745 J. Mason Self-Knowl. m. vi. (1853)202 To read Froth and Trifles all our Life, is the way always to retain a flashy and juvenile Turn. 3 . Giving off flashes, shining by flashes ; glitter¬ ing, sparkling, brilliant, lit. and fig. Also, lasting only for a flash, transitory, momentary. 1609 Holland A mm. Marcell. xxm. xii. 239 Flashie lightenings. 1630 Prynne God No Impostor 13 Reprobates haue oft times many sodaine, transitory, and flashy ioyes. 1682 New News from Bedlam 28 My Gallick Tongue, and my rare flashy Wit, Shall make the Whigs and all the Tories split Themselves with laughing. a 1711 Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 119, I soon felt my flashy Goodness fade. 1741 Richardson Pamela (1742) III. 343 So flashy and tran¬ sient a Glare. 1780 Mad. T)'Diary Apr., She was very flashy, and talked away all the evening. 1784 C. Burney Let. 16 Jan. in F. Burney Early Diary (1889* II. 317, 1 had a good flashey evening. 1819 H. Busk Vcstriad iv. 35 One ruby glitter’d like the flashy Mars. 1826 Scott Jml. 29 Mar., A fine, flashy, disagreeable day; snow-clouds sweeping past among sunshine. 1840 Macaulay Life <$• Lett. (1883) II. 81, I will try to make as interesting an article, though I fear not so flashy, as that on Clive. 1884 Manch. Exam, n Sept. 5/1 He looks beyond the momentary triumphs of a flashy and adventurous policy. b. In depreciative sense, chiefly of speech, a speaker, or writer ; Superficially bright ; brilliant, but shallow ; cheaply attractive. a 1690 G. Fox Jml. Life , etc. I. 108 An high Notionist, and a flashy Man. 1739 Cibber Apol. v. 107 The false, flashy Pretender to Wit. 1823 De Quincey Lett. Educ. v. (i860) 97 The secondhand report of a flashy rhetorician. 1835 Browning Paracelsus 129 Patient merit Obscured awhile by flashy tricks. 1883 Century Mag. XXVI. 295/1 As stories, these were cheap and flashy. f 4 . Excited, impulsive, eager. Obs. 1632 Vicars Virgil xi. 366 The ladie ..With light-heel’d flashy haste the horse o’retook. 1767 Bush Hibernia Cur. (1769) 22 By that time he has discharged his five or six bottles, he will get a little flashy, perhaps. 1781 P. Beckford Hunting x\x. 244, I have seen hounds so flashy, that they would break away from the huntsman as soon as they saw a cover. 5 . Showy, fine-looking; gaudy, glaring. 1801 Gabrielli Myst. Husb. III. 255 They then got into their carriage, a mighty flashy one, to my mind. 1805 Wellington in Gurw. Disp. 14 Jan., The equipment which I propose, .although not so flashy, would he more useful. 1829 Cunningham Brit. Paint. I. 31 People naturally fond of flashy colours. 1856 Lever Martins ofCro ' M. 315 The splendour of a very flashy silk waistcoat. 0 . Of persons: Given to show, fond of cutting a dash, ‘ swellish ’ ; also, vain and conceited. 1687 Congreve Old Bach. 1. iv, Young termagant flashy sinners, a 1704 T. Brown Pleas. Epist. Wks. 1730 1 . 109 Those flashy fellows, your Covent Garden poets. 1787 G. Colman Dikle $ Yarico 11. i, A young flashy Englishman will some¬ times carry a whole fortune on his back. 1850 Hawthorne Amer. Note-bks. (1883) 375 Veteran topers, flashy young men, visitors from the country. 7 . Comb., as flashy-looking adj. 1852 Earp Gold Col. Australia 72 That flashy-looking man in a tandem was transported for bank robbery. 1880 Marg. Lonsdale Sister Dora viii. 209 A flashy-looking man, with conspicuous rings and watch-chain. + Flask, sbA Obs. [var. of Flash jA 1 ] = Flash sb . 1 x. a 1300 E. E. Psalter cxliifi). 7 Noght turne (kxi hi face fra me, And to falland in flask like sal I be. 1472 Mem. Ripott (Surtees) III. 242 Set respondet de 2 s. de annuo redditu exeunte de uno clauso vocato Flask infra territorium de Northstanley. Flask (flask), sb . 2 Forms: 1 flasce, flaxe, 6-7 flaske, 7 flasque, 6- flask. [A word found in nearly all the Teut. and Rom. langs. ; whether adopted from late L. into Teut., or conversely, is undetermined. The earliest known examples are in Latin ; three different declensional forms appear 37-2 FLASK. 292 in med.L., and all of them are represented in the Rom. langs. (x) In Gregory’s Dialogues c 600 (11. xviii; cf. 1. ix) the form fiasco, fiasconevi (whence It. fiascone, F. fiacon : see Flagon) de¬ notes a wooden vessel, apparently a small keg in¬ tended to be carried by pedestrians and to contain a supply of wine to be consumed on a journey; it is there stated to be a word belonging to the vulgar speech. In later use the word appears as a synonym of butticula , Bottle, and applied to a vessel either of wood, leather, metal, earthenware or glass. The Greek transl. of Gregory’s Dialogues, believed to be of the 8th c., has tpKaaiciov, which is frequent in Byzantine writers of the 10th c. (2) In the 7th c. Isidore ( Etym. xx. vi. § 2) gives the form flasca , which he regards as a derivative of Gr. e king of Scotlonde, wi)’ is bat A 3af him swiche a sori flat Vpon fie helm, c 1330 Arth. Merl. 4910 Ther com the king Gvinbat, And gaf Gueheres swiche a flat. Flat (fleet), sb . 2 [Alteration of Fi.ET, influenced by Flat a. and sb .' 1 The word was until recently peculiar to Scotland, where the original form sur¬ vived into the present century.] 1 . A floor or storey in a house. 1801 A. Ranken Hist. France I. 442 The houses con¬ sisted of several flats or stories 1827 Ann. Reg. J43 A FLAT, 293 FLAT. tenement, consisting of three flats. 1861 Morning Post 27 Nov., The numerous family .. in the fourth flat. 1887 Times 27 Aug. 11/3 A fire broke out in a flat of the mill. 2 . A suite of rooms on one floor, forming a com¬ plete residence. First, second , etc. flat : a suite on the first, second, etc. floor. 1824 Scott Redgauntlet v, We chose to imitate some of the conveniences, .of an English dwelling-house, instead of living piled up above each other in flats. 1845 Mrs. John¬ stone Edin. Tates I. 267/2 That comfortable, airy, roomy, first-flat, consisting of dining-room, parlour, three bed¬ rooms. 1887 Miss Braddon Like <$• Unlike II. iv., The rents of these flats seem to be extortionate. 3 . attrib. and Comb., as flat-house, - law ; flat- builder , -diveller, -holder. 1889 Pall Mall G. 21 May 6/3 The cunning way in which the flats are planned deserves study by all *flat-builders. 1894 Daily News 4 Jan. 4/7 *Flat-dwelIers and Hygiene. 1894 IVestm. Gaz. 10 Feb. 2/2 The defencelessness of the *flat-holder has been found out. 1884 Times (weekly ed.) 12 Sept. 14/1 Enormous ‘ *flat ’ houses. 1894 IVestm. Gaz. 10 Feb. 2/2 She will settle a question of *flat-law. Flat (flset), a., adv., and sb .3 Forms: 5-7 flatte, (9 dial.) flatt, 4- flat. [a. ON. flair (S w. flat, ba.flad) — OYiCr.flag OTeut. *flato-. Cf. Flet. No certain cognates are known ; connexion with OAryan *piat-, plath- (Gr. 7tAcitu?, Skr. prthii, broad) is plausible with regard to the sense (cf. F. plat flat, believed to be ultimately from TrAarvs), but the representation of OAryan t or th by Teut. t (exc. when reduced from tt after a long vowel) is anomalous. The synonymous Ger .flach is uncon¬ nected.] A. adj. I. Literal senses. 1 . Horizontally level; without inclination. Of a seam of coal: Lying in its original plane of de¬ position ; not tilted. c 1400 Destr. Troy 7326 He felle to he flat erthe. c 1440 Prom. Parv. 164/1 Flatt, bass us vcl planus. 1605 Shaks. Lear m. ii. 7 Thou all-shaking Thunder, Strike flat the thicke Rotundity o’ th’ world. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 35 Houses .. flat a-top. 1634 Milton Comus 375 Though sun and moon Were in the flat sea sunk. 1669 Sturmy Mariners Mag. vii. v. 6 As the common flat Mariners Compass doth divide the Horizon. 1805 Forsyth Beauties Scotl. I. 268 The strata near the Esk are termed flat seams of coal. 1842-76 Gwilt Archit. § 1903g, In India .. all buildings of any importance have flat roofs, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. ix. 62, 1 reached the flat summit of the rock. 1879 Harlan Eyesight ix. 133 A flat desk promotes a stooping position. b. Arch. Flat arch (see quots.). 1715 Leoni Palladio's Archit. 1. xxiv, Arches, .flat (those are call'd so, which are but a Section of a Circle). Ibid. 1. xxv, Certain Arches are turn’d over the Cornices of Doors and Windows, which Workmen call Flat-Arches, to prevent the Doors and Windows from being press’d with too much weight. 1762 H. Walpole Vertices A need. Paint. (1765) I. v. 114 This Saxon style begins to be defined by flat and round arches. 1872 Shipley Gloss. Eccles. Terms , Flat arch. An arch in which the sides of the voussoirs are cut so as to support each other, but their ends form a straight line top and bottom. 2 . Spread out, stretched or lying at full length (,esp . on the ground) ; rare, exc. in predicative use (often quasi-advb.) with fall, fling, lay, lie, etc. a. Chiefly of a person: Prostrate; with the body at full length. + Also in phr. a flat fall. c 1320 Sir Beues 1040 A felde him flat to grounde. 1399 Langl. Rich. Redeles 11. 183 [The birds] ffell with her fletheris fflat vppon J>e erthe. .and mercy be-sou3te. C1440 Jacob's Well 23 Sche..flatt on }?e ground cryed : ‘god., haue mercy on me ! ’ c 1450 Holland Howlat 838 The folk..Flang him flat in the fyre._ 1535 Coverdale Isa. xlix. 23 They shal fall before the with their faces flat vpon the earth. 1610 Shaks. Temp. 11. ii. 16, I’le fall flat, Per¬ chance he will not minde me. 1621 Lady M. Wroth Urania 138 None parting from him without flat falles, or apparant losse of honour. 1657 J. Smith Myst. Rhet. 56 Thus a great wound is called a scratch ; a flat fall, a foile. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) II. xiv. 293 He laid me flat on the ground. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 290, I order’d every Man..to lye flat upon their Bellies till we had received the Fire of the Enemy. 1856 Kane Arct. Expi. I. xxx. 411 The hunter is flat and motionless. . 1860-1 Flo. Nightingale Nursing 33, I have seen a patient fall flat on the ground who was standing when his nurse came into the room. 1891 R. Kipling Tales from Hills 186 That night a big wind blew.. the tents flat. b. Of a building or city : Level with the ground; also, levelled, overthrown. 1560 Bible (Genev.) Josh. vi. 20 The wall fell downe flat. 1607 Shaks. Cor. 111. i. 204 This is the way to lay the Citie flat. 1666 South Serin. Consecr. Bp. Rochester Serm. (1737) 1 - v * J 66 That Christ-Church stands so high above ground, and that the church of Westminster lies not flat upon it, is [etc.]. 1671 Milton P. R. iv. 363 What ruins kingdoms, and lays cities flat. fig. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. 1. iv. 23 To fortifie her Judge¬ ment, which else an easie battery might lay flat. c. Of things usually more or less erect or elevated. 1671 Milton P. R. ii. 223 Cease to admire, and all her Plumes Fall flat. fig. 1671 Milton Samson 596, I feel. .My hopes all flat. 1684 T. H ockin Gods Decrees 333 To raise our expecta¬ tions of happiness high, and then to have them fall flat and low. + d. Of a plant: Creeping, trailing on the ground. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. lxxxvi. 127 Verbenaca supina. .in English Base or flat Veruayne. e. Lying in close apposition; with its whole length or surface in contact irrespectively of posi¬ tion. Naut. Of a sail: Flat aback or aft (see quot. 1815) : said also of the vessel. 1559 W. Cunningham Cosmogr. Glasse 86 Placing my Instrument flat on th’ earth. 1581 Maplet Diall Destinie 66 In theyr coursing they [Hares] apply their eares fast and flat to their backes. 1684 R. H. School Recreat. 138 Spreading your Net on the Ground smooth and flat. 1715 Desaguliers Fires Impr. 131 When it is open, it may be flat to the Chimney. 1769 Falconer Did. Marine (1789) s.v. Aback, Lay all flat Aback. 1796 Withering Brit. Plants IV. 76 Saucers dark green, lying flat on the leaves. 1815 Falconer's Did. Marine (ed. Burney), Flat aft is the situation of the sails when their surfaces are pressed aft against the mast by the force of the wind. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef. Mast, vi, We found the vessel hove flat aback. 1885 H. J. Stonor in Law Times LXXX. 119/1 The ladder was standing flat against the side wall. f. Papei'-making. Packed without folding. 1890 Jacobi Printing xxxi. 249 A ream may be either ‘ flat ’, ‘ folded *, or ‘ lapped g. Of the hand : Extended, not clenched. 1847 T ennyson Princ. 11. 345 The child Push’d her flat hand against his face and laugh’d. 1859 — Enid 1565 The brute Earl .. unknightly, with flat hand, However lightly, smote her on the cheek. 3 . Without curvature or projection of surface. a. Of land, the face of the country: Plain, level; not hilly or undulating. c 1440 [see 1]. 1553 Brende Q. Curtins iv. 49, A Naciori.. inhabiting vpon a flat shore. 1610 Shaks. Temp. iv. i. 63 Thy .. flat Medes thetchd with Stouer, them [Sheepe] to keepe. 1673 Temple Observ. United Prov. Wks 1731 I. 44 The whole Province of Holland is generally flat. 1748 Relat. Earthq. Lima 2 This Town was built on a low flat Point of Land. 1838 Murray's Hand-bk. N. Germ. 71 High dykes . .protect the flat country from inundations. 1859 Jephson Brittany xii. 202 The country became more and more flat. b. Of a surface : Without curvature, indentation, or protuberance ; plane, level. 1551 T. Wilson Logike (1580) 37 When thei se the ground beaten flat round about. 1559 Cunningham Cosmogr. Glasse 47 As touchyng your opinion, that th’ Earth is flat, I will prove it to be rounde. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicho- lay's Voy. iv. xxxvi. 159 b, Not any carved images of saints . .but on flat pictures painted. 1632 Lithgow Trav. vi. 262 The flat face of the Rocke. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 268 That makes the Moulding flatter, this more circular. 1812-6 J. Smith Panorama Sc. § Art I. 32 To grind one surface perfectly flat, it is. .necessary to grind three at the same time. 1824 R. Stuart Hist. Steam Engine 179 The flat face to which the blocks are ground. 1882 Syd. Soc. Lex., Chest, fiat. A chest which has lost its rounded front. c. Of the face or nose. c 1400 Ywaine <$• Gaw. 259 His face was ful brade & flat. 1560 Bible (Genev.) Lev. xxi. 18 A man..that hath a flat nose. 1607 Shaks. Timon iv. iii. 158 Downe with the Nose, Downe with it flat, take the Bridge quite away. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. 325 Their Faces are oval, their Fore¬ heads flat. 1829 Lytton Devereux 11. iii, A very flat, ill- favoured countenance. 1836 W. Irving Astoria II. 281 Their noses are broad and flat at top. + d. Flat numbers : those corresponding to plane surfaces, i.e. numbers composed of two factors. 1557 Recorde Whetst. C iij, Superficiall nombers, or Flatte nombers. e. Flat side (e.g. of a sword): opposed to the edge. Also to turn (a sword) flat. a 1440 Sir Eglam. 1240 Syr Egyllamowre turnyd hys swerde flatt. 1727 W. Snelgrave Guinea <$• Slave Trade (1734) 236 Lifted up his broad Sword, and gave me a Blow on the Shoulder with the flat side of it. 1832 G. R. Porter Porcelain <5* Gl. 226 The flat side, .is to be turned towards the observer. 1835 Lytton Rienzi 1. iii, Touching the smith with the flat side of his sword. f. Having little projection from the adjacent surface. Rarely const, to. 1728 Pope Dune. 11. 43 With pert flat eyes she windowed well its head. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. V. xiv. v. 201 It can now be discovered, .by any eyes, however flat to the head. 4 . transf . in Fainting. Without appearance of relief or projection. Flat tint : one of uniform depth or shade. *755 Johnson, Flat, without relief, without prominence of the figures. 1821 Craig Led. Drawing'll. ^5 Throwing every mass of shadow into a flat tint. Ibid. iii. 153 The pictures ..were in their general appearance, flat, insipid, and un¬ interesting. 1859 Gullick & Timbs Paint. 18 The impossi¬ bility of spreading a flat tint on the vellum. 1879 Cassell’s Ttchn. Educ. III. 186 Pictures, .flat, and deficient in light and shade, or brilliance. 5 . With additional notion : Having a broad level surface and little thickness. Of a foot: Touching the ground with the whole surface; but little arched. c 1430 Two Cookery-bks. 29 Serue hem in almost flatte. 1530 Palsgr. 312/2 Flatte as a thyng is that is brode. 1577-87 Harrison England iii. iii. (1878) iii. 224 Of fishes.. I find fiue sorts, the flat, [etc.]. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 58 Flat wheate is. .bearded and bordered with very rough and sharpe ailes, wherein consisteth the difference. 1613-39 I. Jones in Leoni Palladio's Archit. (1742) II. 44 Those great Pilasters in the Angle of the inside of the Temple are too flat. 1632 Lithgow Trav. vi. 247 They weare on their heads flat round Caps. 1697 Dampier Voy. 1 .49 The Booby is a Water-fowl, .her Feet are flat like a Ducks Feet, a 1721 Keill Maupertuis* Diss . (1734) 65 These conjectures con¬ cerning flat Stars .. are rather the stronger. 1769 Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 303 To collar Flat Ribs of Beef. 1840 Lardner Geom. 34 This ruler consists of a flat piece of wood with a straight edge. 1859-74 Tennyson Vivien 348 May this hard earth cleave..and close again, and nip me flat, If I be such a traitress. 1888 Lockwood's Did . Mech. Eng., Flat File., is either a tapered or a parallel file. 1882 Quain Anat. (ed. o) I. 8 Tabular or flat bones, like the scapula, ilium, and tne bones forming the roof and sides of the skull. + b. Of false dice : Broad and thin. Obs. c 1550 Dice-Play Aj b, A bale of flatte synke deuxis.. A bale of flat cater trees. 1711 Puckle Club 30 Flats. Note, Dice flatter than they are long, to throw Trays and Quaters. c. Of a blade, as opposed to 1 three-edged \ d. Phrases : flat as a flawn , flounder, pancake (see those sbs.). e. Of a vessel: Wide and shallow. 1471 Bury Wills (Camden) 242, I peluem laton voc’ a flat basyn. 1492 Ibid. 75 My flatte gylte cuppe. 1533 Will of C. Bedford in Weaver Wells Wills 27 John Bys the yonger a fflat cuppe of sylver. 1552 Huloet, Flatte bole for wine, ecpatala. 1611 Bible Lev. ii. 5 A meate offering baken in a panne [marg. on a flat plate]. II. Senses of figurative origin. 6 . Unrelieved by conditions or qualifications; absolute, downright, unqualified, plain; peremp¬ tory. Now chiefly of a denial, con tradiction, etc., and in Shaksperian phrases, flat blasphemy , burglary. 1551 T. Wilson Logike (1567) 61 a, The aunswerer must still vse flatte deniyng. 1577 Northbrooke Dicing (1843) 121 Whosoeuer taketh and keepeth the mony of another.. sheweth himself a flat theefe. 1586 B. Young Guazzo's Civ. Conv. iv. 183 If I would tel you a flat lie, I wold say no. 1592 Greene Upst. Courtier in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) II. 248 Why, Sir, to be flat with you, you Hue by your legges. 1603 Shaks. Meas. for Meas. 11. ii. 131 That in the Captaine’s but a chollericke word, Which in the souldier is flat blasphemie. 1611 Beaum. & Fl. King <$- No King iv. iii, This is my flat opinion, which I’ll die in. 1614 Bi\ Hall Recoil. Treat. 864 Who knowes not, that S. Homer, and S. Virgil are flat for it ? 1641 Milton Ch. Govt. 1. (1851) 23 His Son Constantius prov’d a flat Arian. 1685 Baxter Paraphr. N. T. 1 Cor. vii. 12, 13 I bring you not this as a flat command of Christ, but as my best Advice. 1699 Bent¬ ley Phal. 304 A piece of flat Nonsense. 1713 Swift Apollo outwitted vii, She gave no flat denial. 1788 T. Jefferson Writ. (1859) II. 551 In flat contradiction to their Arret of December last. 1839 Keightley Hist. Eng. 1 .97 He claimed to be put in possession .. but met with a flat refusal. 1871 Morley Crit. Misc. Ser. 1. 163 A flat impostor. i8px R. Kipling Tales from Hills 212 It’s flat, flagrant disobe¬ dience 1 b. In the conclusive expression, That's flat (a) formerly = that’s the absolute, undeniable truth ; ( b ) a defiant expression of one’s final resolve or determination. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. iii. i. 102 The Boy hath seld him a bargaine, a Goose, that’s flat. 1596 — 1 Hen. IV, iv. ii. 43. 1665 Surv. Aff. Netherl. 120 Its the greatest Bogg of Europe, .that’s flat. 1716 Addison Drummer 1. i, I’ll give Madam warning, that’s flat. 1852 Smedley L. Arundel i. 15 ‘ I won’t, then, that’s flat’, exclaimed Rachel. c. Of a calm : Complete, ‘ dead’. 1651 Howell Venice 119 The wind, .became, .a flat calm. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. 415 It fell flat calm. 1880 Lady Brassey Sunshine $ Storm 34 Half an hour later it was a flat calm. 7 . Wanting in points of attraction and interest; prosaic, dull, uninteresting, lifeless, monotonous, insipid. Sometimes with allusion to sense 10. a. of composition, discourse, a joke, etc. Also of a person with reference to his composition, con¬ versation, etc. 1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 20 Mi over flat and homeli kind of writing. 1656 Bp. Hall Occas. Med. (1851) 63 They have proved .. poor and flat in all other subjects. 1662 Pepys Diary 11 May, A dull, flat Presbiter preached. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 124 ? 2 We should complain of many flat Expressions. 1712 W. Rogers Voy. Introd. 16 Such strange Stories, as make the Voyages of those who come after .. to look flat and insipid. 1806-7 J* Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) vii. xxx, The longest story of the flattest proser that ever droned. 1822 Hazlitt Table-t. Ser. 11. x. (1869) 204 The flattest thing of yours they can find. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I- 3 1 A rather flat treatment of trite themes. 1866 G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. xiii. (1878) 254 I am rather a flat teller of stories. 1889 County x. in Cornhill Mag. Mar., He is always appre¬ ciative of the flattest joke. b. of one's circumstances, surroundings, etc. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 1. ii. 133 How weary, stale, flat, and vnprofitable Seemes to me all the vses of this world. 1706 Atterbury Funeral Serm. 8 All Earthly Satisfactions must needs .. grow flat and unsavory. 1798 Coleridge Fears in Solitude 67 How flat and wearisome they feel their trade. 1848 Mrs. Gaskell M. Barton xvii, It seems so flat to be left behind. 1884 Q. Victoria More Leaves 25 It seemed to strike me much less than when I first saw it, as all is flat now. c. To fallflat (said of a composition, discourse, etc.): to prove unattractive, uninteresting, or in¬ effective ; to fail in exciting applause or approval. 1841 Macaulay W. Hastings (18801 654 The best written defence must have fallen flat, i860 Dickens Lett. (1880) II. 125 All my news falls flat. 1885 C. L. Pirkis Lady Lovelace II. xxv. 80 The haranguing .. fell as flat as the reasoning. 8 . Deficient in sense or mental vigour; stupid, dull, slow-witted. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V, Prol. 9 Pardon, Gentles all: The flat vnraysed Spirits, that hath dar’d .. to bring forth So great an Obiect. 1601 Sir J. Ogle Parlie at Ostend in Sir F. Vere Comm. 158 Nor do I believe that, .any of you judge me so flat, or so stupid, a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) I. 152 No dull Idolater was ere so flat In Things of deep and solid Weight. 1878 Seeley Stein I. 312, I look for nothing from empty, slow, flat people. FLAT, 294 FLAT 9 . Wanting in energy and spirit; lifeless, dull. Also, out of spirits, low, dejected, depressed. 1602 Shaks. Ham . iv. vii. 31 You must not thinke That we are made of stuffe, so flat, and dull. That, [etc.]. 1642 Dk. Newcastle Let. in Life (1886) 330 The town will not admit of me .. so I am very flat and out of countenance here. ci68o Beveridge Serin. (1729) I. 37 Lest he should grow flat in his devotions. 1801 Med. Jrnl. V. 324 Her spirits were dull and flat. 1805 Lamb Lett. (1888) I. 213, I am now calm, but sadly taken down and flat. 1844 Alb. Smith Adv. Mr. Ledbury xxiii. (1886) 71 The audience .. not witnessing any situation half so comic as the one they had just seen, were proportionately flat. b. Of trade, etc.: Depressed, dull, inactive. 1831 Lincoln Herald 30 Dec. 1 The trade for barley is exceedingly flat. 1894 Times (weekly ed.) 9 Feb. 123/2 Tallow trade, flat, but prices unchanged. 1894 Daily News 1 June 3/5 A flat market for maize. 10 . Of drink, etc. : That has lost its flavour or sharpness ; dead, insipid, stale. 1607 Heywood Woman kilde Epil., The wine, .drunk too flat. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 367 Spirit of Wine burned .. tasteth nothing so hot in the Mouth .. but flat and dead. 1708 J. Philips Cyder 1. 49.Fruit .. to the Tongue inelegant and flat. 1772 Priestley in Phil. Trans. LX 11 . 154 When .. cyder is become flat or dead. 1861 Geo. Eliot Silas M. 20 Tankards sending forth a scent of flat ale. 11 . Of sound, a resonant instrument, a voice : Not clear and sharp; dead, dull. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 154 If. .you stop the Holes of a Hawkes Bell, it will make no Ring, but a flat noise, or Rattle, a 1663 Sanderson in Treas. Dav. Ps. cl. 5 The cymbal will be flat, it will have no life or spirit in it. 1718 Prior Pleasure 501 Too flat I thought this voice, and that too shrill. 1831 Brewster Nat. Magic ix. (1833) 217 The . .variety of sounds .. produced by the report of his fowling-piece. Sometimes they are flat and prolonged, at other times short and sharp. b. Music. Of a note or singer: Relatively low in pitch ; below the regular or true pitch. B, D , E, etc. flat : a semitone lower than B, D, E, etc. Of an interval or scale : = Minor. 1591 Shaks. Two Gent. 1. ii. 93 Now you are too flat; And marre the concord, with too harsh a descant. 1597 Morley Introd. Mus. 3, b .. signifying the halfe note and flatt singing. 1609 Douland Ornith. Microl. 15 To sing fa in a flat Scale. 1613 Drumm. of Hawth. Poems 144 Like Arions Harpe Now delicately flat, now sweetly sharp. 1674 Playford Skill Mus. 11. 95 A flat Third lower, is C fa ut. 1678 Phillips s. v. Cliffy The B-Cliff .. being only to shew when Notes are to be sung flat. 1691 Ray Creation 204 Cartilages and Muscles to contract or dilate it [the wind¬ pipe] as we would have our Voice Flat or Sharp. 1773 Barrington in Phil. Trans. LXIII. 270 The flat third is plaintive. 1874 Helps Soc. Press, iii. 46 For the sixth time he hears C flat instead of C sharp played. 1875 Ouseley Harmony v. 67 All the fifths in tuning keyed instruments, are tuned a little flatter than perfection. c. quasi-tfdz\ Mod. She has a tendency to sing flat. 12 . Gram. + a. Of an accent, a syllable: Un¬ stressed. 1589 Puttenhah Eng. Poesie II. xiii. (Arb.) 135 [Re] being the first sillable, passing obscurely away with a flat accent is short. 1612 Brinsley Pos. Parts (1669) 94 Every Noun Substantive Commune increasing flat or short in the Geni¬ tive case, is the Masculine Gender. What mean you by this, to increase flat ? A. To have the last syllable but one pressed down flat in the pronouncing. b. Of a consonant: Voiced, i.e. uttered with vibration of the vocal chords, e.g. b, d, v, etc., as opposed to breath, e.g./, t,f etc. 1874 R. -Morris Hist. Png. Gram. § 54 B and d, &c. are said to be soft or flat, while p and t, &c. are called hard or sharp consonants. 13 . Stock-exchange (US.) Stock is said to be borrowed flat, when the lender allows no interest on the money he takes as security for it (Cent, and Standard Diets.). 14 . Comb. a. In parasynthetic adjs., as flat-backed, -billed, -breasted, -browed, -chested, -crowned, -decked, -ended, -faced, -floored, -handled, -heeled, -hoofed, -mouthed, -pointed, -ribbed, -roofed, -soled, -stemmed, -surfaced, -toothed, -topped, -visaged. 1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. ix. 185/1 ‘Flat Backed, when it [Grey-Hound] is even between the neck, and spaces. 1646 Sir 1 . Browne Pseud. Ep. iii. xix. 154 *Flat-bild birds. 1688 J. Clayton in Phil. Trans. XVII. 990 All Flat-bill’d Birds that groped for their Meat. 1667 N. Fairfax ibid. II. 548 This Woman was as ‘flat-breasted as a Man. 1838 Dickens O. Twist viii, A snub-nosed, ‘flat-browed .. boy. 1771 Smollett //. Clinker Wks. 1806 VI. 63 She is .. awkward, ‘flat-chested, and stooping. 1664 Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 8 For a new hat *flat-croun’d -js. 6d. 1884 J. Col- borne Hicks Pasha 97 A *flat-decked vessel. 1859 Handbk. Turning 97 A fine "flat-ended tool. 1859 Helps Friends in C. Ser. 11. II. viii. 143 The Sea. .a melancholy ‘flat-faced thing. 1867 Smyth Sailor’s Word-bk. 304 ‘Flat-floored boats. 1676 Lond. Gaz. No. 1059/4 ‘Flat-handled Silver Spoons. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 267 Shoes ‘flat- heeled. 1697 Lond. Gaz. No. 3301/4 A. .punch Horse, .‘flat Hoofed. ?a 1400 Morte Arth. 1088 ‘Fflatt mowthede as a fluke. 1710 J. Harris Lex. Techn. II,‘Flat-pointed Nails. 1684 Lond. Gaz. No. 1908/4 One Dark brown Gelding .. a little ‘flat Ribb’d. 1688 R. Holme Armoury n. ix. 185/2 Flat Ribbed, is when the both side Ribbs [of a Grey-Hound] cling and are near to gather. 1598 Hakluyt Voy. III. 391 Their houses are ‘flat-rooffed. 1847 Disraeli Tancrcd iv. xii, Flat-roofed villages nestle amid groves of mulberry trees. 1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. 377 Their shooes are low and ‘flat-soal’d. 1849 James Woodman ix, The .. tread of the abbess in her flat-soled sandal. 1861 Miss Pratt Flosver. PI. VI. 89 ‘Flat-stemmed Meadow grass. 1794 Sullivan View Nat. I. 193 Place a ‘flat-surfaced bottle empty on its side. 1766 Pennant Zool. (1769) III. 9 The fossil tooth of.. some ‘flat-toothed fish. 1862 Ansted Channel 1 st. 1. ii. (ed. 2) 32 The southern islet is. .‘flat-topped. 1774 Curtis in Phil. Trans. LXIV. 383 They are *flat-visaged. b. With pr. pple. forming adj, as flat-lying. 1765 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 284 Low flat-lying land. 15 . Special comb., as flat-arch, (see 1 b) ; flat- back, (a) (see quot. 18S8) ; (b) slang, a bed bug (Farmer); + flat-bean, a name for some species of Lupinus ; flat-bedded a. (Geol .),having a naturally plane cleavage; flat-bill, a name for certain birds having broad, flat bills, e. g. a bird of the genus Platyrhynchus ; flat-body ( Entom .), the name of a moth ; flat candle, a candle used in a flat-candle¬ stick ; flat candlestick, one with a broad stand and short stem; a bedroom-candlestick; flat-car (US.), ‘ a railroad-car consisting of a platform without sides or top ; a platform-car’ (Cent. Diet.) ; flat chisel, a smoothing chisel; flat-crown (Arch.) = Corona 4; flat-feet (seequot.); flat-hammer, ‘thehammer first used by the gold-beater in swaging out a pile of quartiers or pieces of gold ribbon ’ (Knight) ; ■(flat-house, ?a sheriff’s office, a roofed shed for impounded animals ; flat impression (Printing), see flat-pulp, + flat-lap, a term describing a par¬ ticular posture of the leaves of a plant (see quot.); flat-lead, sheet lead ; flat move (slang-, see quot.); flat nail (see quot.); flat-orchil, a kind of lichen, Roccella fusiformis, used as a dye (Ogilvie 18 . .); t flat-piece, a shallow drinking-cup; flat pliers, pliers having the holding part or jaws flat; flat¬ pressing (see quot.); flat pull Printing (see quot.) ; flat race, a race over clear and level ground, as opposed to hurdle-racing or steeple¬ chasing; whence flat-racer, -racing-, flat-rail, ‘a railroad rail consisting of a simple flat bar spiked to a longitudinal sleeper ’ (Knight) ; flat rod (see quot.) ; flat-roof v. trans., to cover with a flat roof; flat rope (see quots.); flat seam Naut. (see quot.); flat-sheets pi. (a) Mining (see quots.); (b) Gcol. and Mining, ‘ thin beds, flat veins, or blanket veins or deposits of some mineral usually different from the adjacent layers; often contact- deposits ’ (Standard Diet.) ; flat-square a., of a file: one whose section is a rectangle; flat-stone (a) a kind of stone which cleaves into thin slabs; (b) (see quot. 1847); flat-tool (a), ‘a turning chisel which cuts on both sides and on the end, which is square ’ (Knight); (b) an elongated conical tool used in seal-engraving for bringing ribbons or monograms to a flat surface (Cent. Diet.)-, flat-top ( US.), a name for Vernonia novebora- ccnsis-, flat-ware, ‘plates, dishes, saucers and the like, collectively, as distinguished from hollow- ware’ (Cent. Diet.)-, flat-work, (a) Mining (see quot. 1851); (b) a piece of material of any kind wrought into a flat shape; flat-worm (Zool.), an animal of the class Platylielmintha. Also Flat- boat, -BOTTOM, -CAP, -FISH, -FOOT, HEAD, etc. 1888 Addy Sheffield Gloss., * Flat-back, a common knife with its back filed down after it is put together. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 1042 Of the *fiat Beane called Lupine. 1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden ccxii. 333 Some call them [Lupines] Flat-beans. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 221 No quarries affording *flat bedded stones having occurred, i860 Gosse Rom. Nat. Hist. 17 The *flat-bill uttered his plaintive wail. 1819 Samouelle Entomol. Compend. 443 Tinea ap- plana, the common *Flat-body. i860 J. Curtis Farm Insects 411 The.. Flat-body Moth. 1836-9 Dickens Sk. Boz, Scenes xv. (1892) 125 The flaring *flat candle with the long snuff. 1493 Bury Wills(i 8 $o) 8 i Another *flatt candelstykeof laton. 1859 Dickens Haunted Ho. v. 22 A bedroom candlestick and candle, or a flat candlestick and candle—put it which way you like. 1881 Chicago Times 18 June, Demolishing a couple of *flat-cars. 1688 R. Holme Armoury iii. viii. 359/1 The third is termed a Chissel, or a *Flat Chissel. 1881 Young Every man his erwn Mechanic § 568 The fiat chisel .. is used for smoothing the work, or taking off the remaining wood th^t was left by the gouge. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. I. s. v. Corona , The *Flat-Crown, is .. a par¬ ticular Member in the Dorick Gate, .it hath six times more Breadth than Projecture. 1873 Slang Diet., * Flat-feet, the battalion companies in the Foot Guards. 1698 S. Sewall Diary 9 Mar. (1878) I. 472 Our Horses are broke out of themselves, or else are taken out of the stable.. Sent presently to their *flat-house, but hear nothing of them. 1706 Ibid. 25 Mar. (1879^ II. 157 Surpris’d the Sheriff and his Men at the Flat-house. 1890 Jacobi Printing xx i. 185 Pull three or four good sound *flat impressions, with not too much ink. 1671 Grew Anat. Plants 1. iv. § 16 Where the Leaves are not so thick set, as to stand in the Bow-Lap, there we have the Plicature, or the *Flat-Lap. 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Diet. s. v., Any attempt or project that miscarries, or any act of folly or mismanagement in human affairs is said to he a fat move, c 1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 135 *Flat nails are small sharp-pointed nails, with flat thin heads. 1422-3 Abingdon Acc. (Camden) 92 Item j. *flatpece argenti. 1530 Palsgr. 220/2 Flatte pece, tasse. 1535 Coverdai.e i Kings vii. 50 Flat peces, charges, basens. 1881 Young Evciy man his own Mechanic § 275 A pair of “flat pliers, of the ordinary kind. 1881 Porcelain Wks. Worcester 21 The manufacture of plates and dishes is called *Flat Pressing. 1888 Jacobi Printers' Voc., *Flat pull (or impression), a simple proof without under or overlaying. 1848 Thackeray Bk. Snobs xv, Sporting Snobs .. who .. rode *flat races. 1886 Earl of Suffolk, etc. Racing (Badm. Lihr.) i. 37 A few *flat-racers have come over [from Ireland] to us. Ibid., Stceple-chasino ii. 289 As a rule, *flat-racing is a bad preparation for the jumper. 1890 Daily News 17 Feb. 3/5 When the fiat-racing season begins, i860 Ure's Diet. Arts (ed. 5) II. 226 *Flat rods in mining, a series of rods for communicating motion from the engine, horizontally, to the pumps or other machinery in a distant shaft. 1717 Tabor in Phil. Trans. XXX. 562 The Grecians us’d to cover or *Flat-roof their Houses with these [tessellatedJ Pavements. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 878/2 Some *flat ropes, for mining-shafts, are made by sewing together a number of ropes, making a wide, flat hand. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word- bk., * Flat-seam, the two edges or selvedges of canvas laid over each other and sewed down. 1869 R. B. Smyth Gold- felds Victoria 611 * Flat-sheets, sheet iron flooring at the brace and in the plats and junction of drives to facilitate the turning and management of trucks. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss., Flat sheets, smooth iron plates laid over an even floor at a pit bank, on which the tubs are run to be emptied or returned to the cage. 1831 J. Holland Manuf. Metal I. 299 The files are *flat square. 1677 Plot Oxfordsh. iv. § 31. 77 The Houses are covered, for the most part in Oxford¬ shire (not with tiles) but *flat-stone. 1847 Halliwell, Flat- stone, a measure of iron-stone. 1853 O. Byrne Artisans Handbk. 28 *Flat tools for turning hard wood, ivory, and steel. 1859 Bartlett Diet. Amcr., Iron Weed, a plant, called in the North-eastern States *Flat Top. 1653 Man- love Lead-Mines 264 Roof-works, ^Flat-works, Pipe-works. 1686 Plot Stafordsh. ix. § 7. 335 In hammering of this flat- work they heat the plates first one by one. 1851 Tapping Gloss, to Manlove, Flat Work , a mining term descriptive of a species of lead mine, so called from its form, which is broad, spreading horizontally, not without inclination. B. adv. (Cf. A. 2, in many examples of which the word admits of being taken as adv.) + 1 . By horizontal measurement. Obs. 1663 Gerbier Counsel 82 Fret seelings. .the workmanship only at five shillings a yard, measured flat. 2 . Downright, absolutely, positively, plainly; entirely, fully, quite. Cf. Dead adv. 2. Now rare. 1577-87 Holinshed Chron. II. 33/2 As for Gerrot it differ- eth flat from Girald. *11591 R. Greenham Serin, i. (1599) 8 They that are thus borne again .. cannot fall flat away y sin. 1601 Dent Pathw. Heaven 246, I am flat of your minde. 1703 Moxon Meek. Exerc. 114 The Iron of a Plane is said to he set Rank, when its edge stands so flat below the Sole of the Plane, that, .it will take off a thick shaving. 1770 Jenner Placid Man II. 117 Sir Harry contradicted him flat. 1784 Bage Barham Downs II. 242 That wild thing, Peggy, told me, flat and plain, if I did so again, she would puTl it off. 1859 Bartlett Diet. AnierFlat broke , utterly bankrupt, entirely out of money. f 3 . Directly, exactly. With respect to the quarter of the heavens : Due. Flat against: lit . and fig. directly contrary to. Cf. Dead adv. 3. 1531 Tindale Exp. John (1537) 2 % When the Sonne is flat sowth. 1538 Leland Itin. IV. 54 Then Porte Crokerton flat Est. 1562 Cooper Answ. Priv. Masse 80 b, Christes wordes and institution is so flat agaynste you, as you [etc.]. 1653-4 Whitelocke Jrnl. Swed. Emb. (1772) I. 123 The wind continued flatt and high against Whitelocke’s course. 4 . {To sit')flat down : plump on the ground. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxviii, Sitting flat down on the floor. C. ah sol. and sb. 3 1 . absol. (quasi-jA) That which is flat. On the flat', on paper or canvas; on a smooth surface, as opposed to in relief. From the flat : from a paint¬ ing or drawing on paper, canvas, etc. (opposed to from the round). 1862 J. C. Robinson Ital.Sculpt. 60 Luca, .simultaneously with his enamelled terra-cotta sculptures, also practised painting .. on the flat. 1884 Cassell's Fam. Mag. Mar. 216/1 Occupied in shading in chalk from the flat. 1885 G. Allen Babylon v, To model a composition in relief from an engraving on the flat. b. The flat surface or portion (of anything) ; esp. the broad surface (of a blade) as opposed to the edge ; also, the inside of the open hand, etc. Sometimes treated as a sb. admitting of a plural, as ‘ with the fats of their swords ’; but fat is more usual. *: 1374 Chaucer Troylus iv. 899 (927) Beth rather to hym cause of flat than egge. 1470-85 Malory Arthur xvi. viii, Syre Bors .. gafe hym grete strokes with the flatte of his swerd vpon the vysage. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 145 The Strings of a .. Violl doe giue a far greater Sound, by reason of the Knot, and Board, and Concaue vnderneath, than if there were nothing but onely the Flat of a Board. 1671 Grew Anat. Plants 1. i. § 16 This Cuticle is not only spread upon the Convex of the Lobes, but also on their Flats, where they are contiguous. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) I. iv. 69 On the flat of the green..I resolved to pitch my tent. 1727 W. Snelgrave Guinea <5- Slave Trade (1734) 258 He gave me a slight blow on the Shoulder, with the flat of his Cutlace. 1779 Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 77 An island, .like the flat of a plate turned bottom up. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) II. 264 The breast, loins, flat of the neck. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth iii, Striking the flat of his hand against that which the armourer expanded towards him. 1833 Regul. Instr. Cavalry 1. 47 The flat of the thigh to the saddle. 1861 Dickens Gt. Expect, xlvi, Here’s old Bill Barley on the flat of his back. 1885 Manch. Exam. 23 June 5/3 The military, .cleared the piazza with the flats of their swords. C. Level country. In Horse-racing-, level ground without hedges or ditches; cf. flat-race ; also, the level piece of turf at the end of some race-courses. Hence gen. The race-course. 1836 J. Wilson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 I. i?o Sic a. .body .. could never has been bred or born on the flat. 1847 G. H. H. Oliphant Law cone. Horses, etc. App. 278 A. F. FLAT. 295 FLAT Across the Flat i M. 2 Fur. 24 Yds. 1877 Ouida Puck ix, Your young lordling spends all his .. time on the ‘ flat 1886 Earl of Suffolk, etc. Racing (Badm. Libr.) 273 In steeple-chases, hurdle races, and on the flat. 1892 J. Kent Racing Life C. R entitlek ii. 48 He will win .. unless a crow flies down his throat as he comes across the flat. 2 . A horizontal plane ; a level as opposed to a slope. + On the flat of: on the level or plane of. f Of a flat ; on the same flat : on the same level or plane. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. v. § 5. 24 No perfect discouerie can bee made vppon a flatte, or a leuell. 1607 Chapman Bussy (T Atnbois Plays 1873 II. 3 They move with equall feet on the same flat. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 805 It were good to trie that Exposing of Flesh or Fish both .. some height aboue the Earth, and vpon the Flat of the Earth. 1636 Massinger Bcishfi Lover in. i, It was not in The power of fortune to remove me from The flat I firmly stood on. 1650 Trapp Clavis III. 17 The cloud levelled mountains, raised vallies, and laid all of a flat; that is .. made all plain. 1791 Bentham Panopt. 1. 155 A declivity is. .preferable by far to a dead flat. 1822 T. Strangeways Mosquito Shore 28 This high eminence has a flat at top of about 1500 acres. b. Sometimes opposed to fall. 1645 Fuller Good Th . in Bad T. (1841) 68 Either on the flat of an ordinary temper, or in the fall of an extraordinary temptation. 1887 Ruskin Prxterita II. ii. 60 Some three inches of fall to a foot of flat. + c. A geometrical plane, irrespective of position; an even surface. 1624 Wotton Archit. 11. 83 It comes neere an Artificiall Miracle ; to make diuerse distinct Eminences appeare vpon a Flat, by force of Shadowes. 1659 Moxon Tutor Astron. v. (1686) 137 A Plain in Dyalling is that Flat whereon a Dyal is Described. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk fy Selv. 69 Whatsoever moves as much in a flat as it can for the earths rim, we reckon [etc.] t d. A plane figure. Ohs. rare. 1674 Jeake Arith. (1696) 175 Those Superficial Figures called Like Flats .. are such .. as bear a certain Proportion in their Sides unto each other. 3 . Building, a. The horizontal part of a roof, usually covered with lead. 1842 Brande Diet. Sc. etc., Flat, that part in the covering of a house, of lead or other metal which is laid horizontal. 1855 Act 18-19 Viet. c. 122 § 17 Fifteen inches above the highest part of any flat or gutter. + b. A landing on a stair-case; also, the ' tread* of a stair. 1730 A. Gordon Mafiei's Amphith. 290 A Stair of 20 Steps, interrupted by a Flat. 1793 Smeaton Edystone /„. § 88 There was but one flat or tread of a step above the center of the house. 4 . Mining, a. A horizontal bed or stratum of coal, stone, etc.; a horizontal vein of metal, or a lateral extension of a vein. 1747 Hooson Miner's Diet ., The Flat always lies on that Side of the Vein which Faces the Water. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 108 The quarry-men .. cross-cut the large flats, which are laid bare. 1881 Raymond Minitig Gloss., Flat, a horizontal vein or ore-deposit auxiliary to a main vein; also any horizontal portion of a vein elsewhere not horizontal. 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining, Flats , sub¬ terraneous beds or sheets of trap rock or whin. 1886 G. A. Lebour Geol. Northuvib. 4 ' Durh. (ed. 2) 62 Flat, the lateral extension of a lead vein. • b. (See quots.) 1846 Brockett N. C. Words (ed. 3) Flatt , in a coal mine, the situation where the horses take the coal tubs from the putters. 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining, Flat , a district or set of stalls separated by faults, old workings, or barriers of solid coal. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss., Flat, the part of a screen at a pit where the coals rest, and are cleaned before being put into the waggon. 5 . A piece of level ground ; a level expanse; a stretch of country without hills, a plain ; the low ground through which a river flows. 1296 Newminster Cartul. (1878) 144 Stokwelflatte .. Ser- uonreflatte. £1340 Gain. 4- Gr . Knt. 507 Fallez vpon fayre flat. ?<11400 in Cartul. Abb . de Seleby (Yorks. Rec. Ser.) II.42 Xij seliones jacentes in iiij locis sive flattes. 1510 in Yorksk. Archxol. Jrnl. VII. 59 note, One parcel of land called Peeston’s flatt. 1602 Shaks. Ham. v. i. 275 Till of this flat a Mountaine you haue made. 1695 Blackmore Pr. Arth. 1. 200 Some range the Flats, and Scour the Champain Land. 1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist . Eng. I. 45 A large Flat of barren, heathy ground. 1852 Thackeray Esmond 1. iii, A large pleasant green flat, where the village of Castlewood stood. 1877 A. B. Edwards Up Nile viii. 199 The river widens away before us; the flats are green on either side. fig. 1685 Dryden Pref. 2nd Misc. Wks. 1800 III. 49 Milton’s Paradise Lost is admirable; but am I .. bound to maintain, that there are no flats amongst his elevations? 18.. De Quincey Convers. Wks. 1863 XIII. 176 Very often it [conversation] sinks into flats of insipidity through mere accident. 1878 Morley Vauvenargues Crit. Misc. 26 The mere bald and sterile flats of character. b. A tract of low-lying marshy land ; a swamp. x6xo Shaks. Temp. 11. ii. 2 All the infections that the Sunne suckes vp From Cogs, Fens, Flats. 1670 Milton Hist. Eng. H. 53 Through bogs and dangerous flats. 1821 Earl Dudley Lett. 27 Nov. (1840) 294 The flats and swamps of Holland. 1859 A ntobiog. Beggar Boy 99 The Cambridge¬ shire flats or marshes. c. Australian. (See quot. 1869.) 1869 R. B. Smyth Goldfields Victoria 611 Flat, a low even tract of land, generally occurring where creeks unite, over which are spread many strata of sand and gravel, with the usual rich auriferous drift immediately overlying the bed-rock. 1874 Walch Head 07 >er Heels 79 Every man on the flat left his claim. 1879 D. M. Wallace Australas. iv. 68 In the gold districts such deposits form ‘flats*. 6. Chiefly pi. A nearly level tract, over which the tide flows, or which is covered by shallow water; a shallow, shoal. I 55 ° J- Coke Eng. <$• Fr. Heralds (1877) § 155. 102 The sea is .. full of flattes. 1595 Shaks. John v. vi. 40. 1628 Digby Voy. hi edit. (1868) 94 Wee shaped our course to gett ouer the flattes into the riuer of Thames. 1678 R. L’Estrange Seneca's Mor. (1702)477 When we have scap’d so many Rocks and Flatts. 1772-84 Cook Voy. (1790) IV. 1408 We were insensibly drawn upon a large flat, upon which lay innumerable rocks of coral, below the surface of the sea. 1813 J. Thomson Led. Inflam. 621 The boat grounded on the flats a little to the east of the pier. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., Flat .. a shallow over which the tide flows .. If less than three fathoms, it is called shoal or shallow. fig. 1644 Milton Educ. 2 Those Grammatick flats & shallows where they stuck. 7 . Agric . + a. One of the larger portions into which the common field was divided; a square furlong. 1523 Fitzherb. Surv. 2 If they [the acres] lye by great flattes or furlonges in the commyn feldes. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 43 In fower dayes the said dozen shearers finished the saide flatte, and there is in it 14 through landes and two gares. 1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. ii. § 32, 3 Ridges, Butts, Flats. 1885 Q. Rev. CLIX. 325 Theoretically each flat was a square of 40 poles, containing 10 acres, f b. A tract of arable land ; a cornfield. Ohs. 15x3 Douglas YEneis 11. vii (vi). 13 The flate of cornys rank. Ibid. vii. xiii. 38 The 3allo corn flattis of Lyde. c. dial. (See quots.) 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Flats, same as Feerings. 1884 Chesh. Gloss., Flat, a broad flat bed as distinguished from a narrow rounded butt. We speak of ploughing a field in fiats when there is no indication of reens. .. A wide space covered by any particular crop is called a, fiat, as ‘a flat o’ taters’. 8. Something broad and thin, a. A thin disc. X732 Berkeley Alciphr. iv. ix, Is it [a planet] not a round luminous Flat, no bigger than a Sixpence? + b. Chiefly//. Dice of a shape to fall unfairly when thrown. (Cf. A. 5 b.) Ohs. 1545 Ascham Toxoph. (Arb.) 54 What false dise vse they? .. flattes, gourdes. 1664 J. Wilson Cheats iv. i. Dram. Wks. (1874) 67 Taught you the use of. .the fullam, the flat, the bristle. 171X Puckle Club 21 note. At dice they have the doctors, the fulloms, loaded dice, flats. c. slang. in pi. Playing-cards. Cf. Broad sh. 6. 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Did., Flats, a cant name for playing cards. 1821 Haggart Life 56 We played at flats in a budging-crib. d. Cotton-spinning. (See quot. 1874.) 1851 L. D. B. Gordon in Art Jrnl. Illustr. Catal. p. iv**/ 2 The filaments, after emerging from the flats, lie in nearly parallel lines among the card teeth of the drum. 1874 Knight Did. Mec/i. I. 878/1 F'lat {(Carding), a strip of wood clothed with bent teeth, and placed above the large cylinder of a carding-machine. e. In a breech-loading gun: The piece of metal projecting from the breech to support the barrel. 1881 Greener Gun 230 When the barrels are for breech¬ loaders, the flats are formed on the undersides of the breech- ends. f. A flat strip of wood inserted under the inner edge of a picture-frame and projecting beyond it; usually gilded. Called also Mat. 1886 W. G. Rawlinson in 19 th Cent. XIX. 400 Small drawings, .greatly injured by the very modern-looking deep gold flats brought close up to them. g. In various uses (see quots.). 1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. 464/2 Women wear Hair, .in Falls or Flats when the hair hangs loose down about the shoulders. 1847 Halliwell, Flats, small white fresh-water fish, as roach, etc. 1858 Simmonds Did. Trade, Flat.. a rough piece of bone for a button mould. 1874 Knight Did. Mech. I. 878/1 Flat, a surface of size over gilding. 1888 Lockivood's Did. Mech. Engin., Flats , Flat Bar Iron. 1893 F armer Slang, Flats, base money. 9 . Something broad and shallow. a. A broad, flat-bottomed boat. X749 W. Douglass Summary (1755) I. 461 A large scow or flat, to carry persons, cattle, and goods with a canoe- tender. 1801 Nelson in A. Duncan Life (1806) 194 The enemy’s .. flats (lugger-rigged) . .were .. anchored .. Three of the flats and a brig were sunk. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., Flats .. lighters used in river navigation, and very flat-floored boats for landing troops. 1879 F. Pollok Sport Brit. Burmah I. 21, I .. went up in the first Govern¬ ment steamer and flat to Prome. b. A broad, shallow basket used for packing produce for the market. Cf. Age. 1640 in Enticic London II. 181 Packs, trusses, flats, or maunds. 1840 New Monthly Mag. LIX. 267 A basket .. resembling those which, .they call butter-flats. 1886 Daily Nesvs 4 Dec. 5/4 Watercress .. costs the hawker at the rate of from i6j. to 17s. a flat. 1889 A. T. Pask Eyes Thames 158 The Mimosa comes over in small flat hampers called ‘ flats ’. e. A shallow two-wheeled hand-cart. 1884 Chamb. Jrnl. 5 Jan. 9/1 Butchers’ carts, coster¬ mongers’ flats, and other light conveyances. d. (See quots.) X791 Hamilton Berthollet's Dyeing II. 11. 1. ii. 32 Silk treated with these galls gained in the dye-bath or flat. 1804 Ct. Rumford in Phil. Trans. XCIV. 178 The broad and shallow vessels (flats) in which brewers cool their wort. e. U. S. - flat-car • see A. 15. 1864 in Webster. f. Applied to articles of dress. A low shoe or sandal (Irish) ; a low-crowned hat (U.S.). 1834 Planche Brit. Costume 375 Brogue-uirlea/ter , that is flats made of untanned leather, graced their feet. 1859 Bartlett Did. A mer., Flat, a broad-brimmed, low-crownecf, straw hat, worn by women. 1864 Miss Wktherkll Old Helmet II. xvi. 269 But you will not wear that flat there? 10 . Ship-building, a. (see quot. 1867.) 18x5 Falconer's Did. Marine (ed. Burney), Flats, in ship¬ building, the name given to all the timbers in midships. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.. Flats, all the floor-timbers that have no bevellings in mid-ships, or pertaining to the dead-flat. 1869 Sir E. J. Reed Shipbuild. v. 95 Horizontal flats extend¬ ing between the bulkhead and a cast iron cellular stern-post. b. The partial deck or floor of a particular compartment. 1869 Sir E. J. Reed Shipbuild. ix. 177 Iron plates similar to those used in the flats of stoke-holes. 1893 Daily News 3 July 5/6 Tank room, capstan engine flat, and. .the patent fuel space. 11 . Theat. A part of a scene mounted on a wooden frame which is pushed in horizontally or lowered on to the stage. 1807 Director II. 331 The entire assemblage of wings and drops and flat. 1836-9 Dickens Sk. Boz (1850) 259/1 A strange jumble of flats, flies, wings [etc.]. 12 . House-painting. A surlace painted without gloss, so as to appear dead; see Dead a. 13 b. Also the pigment employed for this purpose. Cf. Flatting. Bastard flat (see quot.). 1823 Mechanic's Mag. No. 7. 108 The rooms .. were painted with Chinese Flat on walls. 1881 Young Evciy man his own Mechanic § 1591 Bastard Flat is thinned with turpentine and a little oil .. To procure a good flat, it is necessary to have a perfectly even glossy ground, and it should be of the same tint, but a little darker than the finishing flat. 13 . slang. A person who is easily taken in, and is said to be ‘only half sharp* ; a duffer, simpleton. Cf. A. 8. A prime flat (see quot. 1812). 1762 Goldsm. Nash Wks. (Globe) 546/2 If the flat has no money, the sailor cries, I have more money than any man in the fair. 18x2 J. H. Vaux Flash Did., Flat, .any person who is found an easy dupe to the designs of the family is said to be a prime fiat. 1848 Thackeray Van. Fairy, ‘You wouldn’t be such a flat as to let three thousand a year go out of the family.* 14 . Music . a. A note lowered half a tone below the natural pitch, b. In musical notation, the sign b which indicates this lowering of the note ; a double flat bb indicates that it must be lowered by two semitones, c. Sharps andflats : the black keys of the keyboard of a piano. 1589 R. Harvey PI. Perc. (1590) 21 It can neuer be goode musicke, that stands all vpon sbarpes, and neuer a flat, a 1634 Randolph Muses' Looking-Gl. iv. v, The lutenist takes flats and sharps, And out of those so dissonant notes does strike A ravishing harmony. 1669 Cokaine Fun. Elegy T. Pilk- ington Poems 78 His Flats were all harmonious. 1674 Play- ford Skill I\his. 1. iv. 15, I have seen some songs with four flats. X694 Phil. Trans. XVIII. 72 Flats or Half-notes to other Keys. 1706 A. Bedford Temple Mus. iii. 57 Methods of altering their Tunes, by Flats and Sharps placed at the Beginning. 1806 Callcott Mus. Grain, v. 57 The mark now used for the Flat was originally the letter B. 1834 Medwin Angler in Wales I. 215 Twelve lines in each, of hair and Indian hurl, alternately, like the flats and sharps of a piano. 1872 Banister Music 7 A Flat, b, indicates the lowering of the note to which it is prefixed, one semitone. d. Sharps and flats ; used punningly for (a) sharpers and their victims ; ( b ) recourse to weapons. {a) i8ox Sporting Mag . XVII. 37 There are sharps and flats in Paris as well as London. 1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng; Spy 1 . 368 That emporium for sharps and flats, famed Tattersall’s. (/>) 1818 Scott Hrt. Midi, xxx, He was somewhat hasty with his flats and sharps. 15 . Short for flat-racer. x8n Sporting Mag. XXXVIII. 168 He had one of the finest flats in the world in training. 16 . U.S. colloq. To give the flat: to give a flat refusal (to a suitor). (Cf. A 6.) 1859 in Bartlett Did. A mer. 17 . altrib. and Comb., as flat-like adj.; flat- catcher, one who takes in simpletons ; a swindler ; also used of a horse ; so flat-catching v bl. sb. 1821 Moncrieff Tom 4- Jerry 1. vi. (18281 22 Do you think we shall get the *flat-catcher [a horse] off to-day? 1841 Blackw. Mag. Aug. 202 Buttoners are those accomplices of thimbleriggers .. whose duty it is to act as flat-catchers or decoys, by personating flats. 1864 Loud. Rev. 18 June 643/2 ‘The Bobby' or chinked-back horse, is another favourite flat-catcher. 1821 Egan Tom <$- Jerry 346 The no-pinned hero .. gave, as a toast, ‘Success to * Flat-catch¬ ing'. 1813 Sporting Mag. XLII. 24 It would appear de¬ grading and *flat-like. t Flat, v\ Obs. Pa. t. 4 fiat(te, flattide. [ad. OF. flatir.flater to dash, hurl, intr. to dash, be thrown down.] 1 . trans. To cast suddenly, dash. <■1330 Arth. Sf Merl. 9748 Arthour.. WiJ> his sextene, pat on hem plat, And euerich a paien to deb flat. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. v. 224 Til vigilate \>e veil fette water at his ei^en, And flatte [v. r. flat, flattide it] on his face. 1375 Cantic, de Creatione 221 in Anglia I. 303 etc., Doun she flat here face to grounde. 2 . To smite or strike; in quots. absol. C1330 Arth. 4 - Merl, 9562 Bothe on helmes and ysen hatten, The dintes of swordes flatten. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. vii. 174 penne Faytors .. flapten [v. r. flatte, flatten] on with fleiles from morwe til euen. FLAT. 296 FLATHE. 3 . intr. To dash, rush ; to dart out. C1330 fifth. <$- Alert. 5672 For the mouthe he [a dragon] had grininge And the tong out flattinge. c 1450 Merlin 275 The saisnes were so many that thei moste flat in to the foreste wolde thei or noon. Flat (flaeD, v .' 1 [f. Flat a.] f 1 . trans. To lay flat or level, raze, overthrow (a person or building). Const, to, with (the earth or ground). Ohs. 1607 Tourneur Rev. Trng. 11. ii, I durst vndertake. .With halfe those words to flat a Puritanes wife. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. v. 447 Some few [Forts] wherof . . he flatted to the ground. 1627-77 Feltham Resolves 1. iv. 5 She hath .. flatted their strongest Forts. 1637 Heywood Royal Kings. i, His bright sword. .Pierced the steel crests of barbarous infidels, And flatted them with earth. 2 . Naut. To force (the sail ) flat or close against the mast. Cf. Flat a. 2 e. To fiat in a sail (see quot. 1772) ; also ahsol. a 1642 Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts in. (1704) 329/2 He hears the Seamen cry.. flat a Sheet. 1667-70 Davenant & Dkydf.n Tempest 1. i, Flat, flat, flat in the fore-sheet there. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 25 Who flatted their Sails and laid by till the Spanish Ship came up. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine, Aback , the situation of the sails when their surfaces are flatted against the masts by the force of the wind. 1772 J. H. Moore Tract. Navig. (1810) 275 To JIM in, to draw in the aftermost lower corner or clue of a sail towards the middle of a ship, to give the sail a greater power to turn the vessel. To fiat in forward, to draw in the fore-sheet, jib-sheet [etc.], towards the middle of the ship. + b. intr. Of a ship : To turn her head from the wind; to go round on her keel. Obs. 1622 R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea § 34. 85 For in lesse then her length, shee flatted, and in all the Voyage but at that instant, she flatted with difficultie. + c. Of the wind : To abate, drop. Obs. 1748 Anson's Toy. in. i. 297 The wind flatted to a calm. 3 . trans. To make flat in shape, a. To reduce to a plane surface ; to reduce or obliterate the con¬ vexity, projections, or protuberances of. b. To make broad and thin; to reduce the thickness or height of, esp. by pressure or percussion; to squeeze or beat flat. Also with down , out. Now chiefly in technical use; ordinarily Flatten. a. 1613 M. Ridley Magn. Bodies 5 Egge forme flatted at the bottome. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 477 Take two Twigs of seuerall Fruit Tres, and flat them on the Sides. 1684 R. Waller Nat. Exper. 76 The Ball .. was flatted so, that it would stand upon the bottom. 1697 Creech Manilius iv. 980She. .Distends their swelling Lips, and flats their Nose. 1803 Fessenden Terrible Tractoration 1. ted. 2) 50 note , Suppose that the earth was flatted near the poles. 1857 Frasers Mag. LVI. 608 The smooth crisp curves, .become cockled, flatted, and destroyed. b- 1651 Evelyn Mem. (1857) I- 285 The bullet itself was flatted. 1658 Evelyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 279 In drying them [Abricots]. .leave them whole, .only flatting them, that they may be equal in every part. 1741 Compl. Fam.-Piece 1. ii. 163 Make them into Loaves, and flat them down a little. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. VIII. 99 {The Wasp) The composition is at length flatted out until it becomes a small leaf. 1780 Ton Trail's Iceland 356 Fishes, .which are to be found in slate, have been compressed or flatted. 1837 Marryat Dog-Fiend lv, Smallbones was flatted to a pancake. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch tyClockm. 128 A suitable stone is selected and flatted to a proper thickness by holding it against a diamond mill which is kept wetted. c. To spread or lay out flat. 1709 Congreve Ovid’s Art of Love, A Face too long shou’d part and flat the Hair. + 4 . intr. To become flattened. Of a swelling: To go down, lose its ronndness. Obs. 1670 Cotton Espernon 1. in. 143 A Harquebuss-shot .. that passing through one of his cheeks .. flatted upon his Gorget. 1677 Temple Cure Gout Wks. 1814 III. 260, I. .ob¬ served the skin about it to shrink, and the swelling to flat yet more than at first. 1725 Huxham Small-pox in Phil. Trans. XXXIII. 393 His Pox flatted and grew pale. b. U.S. To fiat off: to slope gradually to a level. To fiat out: to become gradually thinner. Hence fig. to fail in business; to prove a failure, to collapse, etc. 1859 Bartlett Diet. Amer ., To Flat out, to collapse, to prove a failure .. as ‘ The meeting flatted out ’. 1864 Bushnell Work <$• Play , Groiuth of Law 123 The great surge of numbers rolls up noisily and imposingly, but flats out on the shore and slides back into the mud of oblivion. 1865 Thoreau Cape Cod ix. 166 The bank flatted off for the last ten miles. 1865 Holland Plain T. iv. 129 Those who have failed in trade .. or to use an expressive Yankee phrase, have ‘flatted out' in a calling or profession. 1887 Proctor Amer. in Knowledge 1 June 184/r To Jlat out , to diminish in value—a Western phrase suggested by the diminished productiveness of metallic layers as they grow thinner. t 5 . ? To find the horizontal area of (land). Obs. 1770 E. Heslerton Jnclos. Act 13 To flat, set out, and allot the lands. + 6. trans. To render (wine, etc.) insipid or vapid. 1626 [see Flatted 4]. 1694 Westmacott Script. Herb. 211 To demonstrate by what Principles Wines and Spirits are made, exalted, depressed, and flatted. 1703 Art Myst. Tintners 11 The Genuine Spirits of the Wine also are much flatted and impaired. t b. To make dull or spiritless; to make less lively or vivid ; to deaden, depress. Obs. 1648 Eikon Bas. xvi. 141 Nor are constant Formes of Prayers more likely to flat and hinder the Spirit of prayer and devotion. 1692 Burnet Past.Care ix.i 11 So great a length does .. flat the Hearers, and tempt them to sleep. 1697 Collier Ess. Mot. Subj. 11. (1709) 90 Any considerable Degrees of Sickness or Age flat the Senses. 1699 Burnet 39 Art. x. (1700) 118 That Impression is worn out and flatted. 1710 Norris C/ir. Prud. vi. 278 A multitude of words., which serve only to flat and deaden out devotion. t c. intr. To become dull, depressed or feeble ; to droop, to slacken. Obs. 1654 Fuller Ephemeris Pref. 5 Their loyalty flatteth and deadeth by degrees. 1692 Temple Mem. Wks. I. 448 The Hopes of those great Actions .. began to flat, a 1718 Penn Maxims Wks. 1726 I. 819 Our Resolutions are apt to flat again upon fresh Temptations. + 7 . Music. To lower (a note) by one semitone. 1674 [see Flatting vbl. sb. 3]. 1685 Boyle Effects of Mot. vii. 88 A determinate note, which.. was Ce fa ut a little flatted. (In some mod. Diets.) 8. a. To cover (a surface) with flat, i.e. lustreless, paint, b. Carriage-building. To remove the gloss from (a surface) preparatory to varnishing, c. To apply a finish of size to (gilding) as a protection. a. 1842-76 Gwilt Archit. § 2290 The ceilings ..to be painted .. and flatted and picked in with .. extra colours. 1858 Sky ring’s Builders' Prices 95 Moulded Skirtings .. If flatted, add ohd. 1889 Pall Mall G. 15 May 1/2 Preferring to set it [a picture] on one side after it has been flatted in. b. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 222/1 Apply a second coat of black Japan, and flat again. The whole should then be varnished with hard drying varnish, flatted down and finished. C. 1841 in Maunder Sci. <$• Lit. T re as. 9 . U.S. colloq. To give a flat refusal to; to reject (a lover). Cf. Flat sb. 16. 1859 Bartlett Diet . Amer. % To flat , to reject a lover; as ..‘ She flatted him 10. intr. To fish, from a Flat (sb. 3 9 a). 1630 Descr. Thames (1758) 75 That every Hebberman shall fish by the Shore .. and not to lie a Floating or Flatting for Smelts between two Anchors in the Midst of the Stream. t Flat, vA Obs. rare — 1 In 7 flatt. [? f. L. flat- ppl. stem of flare to blow.] trans. ? To blow (a trumpet). 1675 Teonge Diary 25 Dec. (1825) 127 Chrismas day wee keepe thus. At 4 in the morning our trumpeters all doe flatt their trumpetts, and begin at our Captain’s cabin .. playing a levite at each cabine doore. + Flat, vA Obs. [? ad. OY.fiat-er to Flatter ; cf. however Flaite z>.l] To flatter; in quot. absol. 1513 Douglas /Ends iv. Prol. 240 Quhat slycht dissait quently to flat and fene. Fla t-boat. (Also as two words.) 1 . A broad flat-bottomed boat, used for trans¬ port, esp. in shallow waters. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 209 Almost every inhabitant hath his Almady or flat boat, wherein they recreate upon the Lake. 1711 Lond. Gaz. No. 4919/2 They have a great number of flat Boats with them. 1801 Nelson in Nicolas Disp. 21 July IV. 427 A Flotilla .. to consist of Gun-boats and Flat-boats. 1806 Naval Chron. XV. 90 He commanded a division of flat boats. b. U.S. A large roughly-made boat formerly much used for floating goods, etc. down the Missis¬ sippi and other western rivers. 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer. II. 199 Notwithstanding the increase of steam-boats in the Mississippi, flat boats are still much in use. 1883 C. F. Woolson For the Major iv, African slaves poling their flat-boats along the Southern rivers. 2 . attrib. and Comb ., as flatboat-man, 'a hand employed on a flat-boat* (Bartlett). 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer. II. 200, I felt a strong inclination for a flat-boat voyage down the vast and beautiful Mississippi. 1864 Lowell McClellan's Rep. Prose Wks. 1890 V. 116 A country where a flatboatman may rise to the top, by virtue of mere manhood. Hence Flat-boat v. trans ., to transport in a flat- boat ( U.S. colloql). 1858 Nat. Intelligencer 29 July (Bartlett) Fruit, which he flat-boated from Wheeling to that point. Fla’t-bottom, sb. A boat with a flat bottom. (Cf. prec. and Bottom sb. 7.) 1579 80 North Plutarch (1676) 337 The Tarentines.. sent him great store of flat-bottoms, galleys, and of all sorts of passengers. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 1. xviii. 58 They use flat-bottoms, which do great services upon the River. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xix. v. 510 Admiral Conflans. .Makes little of Rodney’s havoc on the Flatbottoms at Havre. Fla*t-bo*ttom, a. = Flat-bottomed. 1598 Florio, Piatt a, a flat bottome boat or barge. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 70 Where they use flat- bottome boats. 1755 Monitor No. 16(17 56) I. 141 Frighted out of their senses with scarecrows, invasions, flat-bottom- boats, &c. 1884 Pall Mall G. 11 Sept. 11/1 A flat-bottom pontoon, divided into, .watertight sections. Fla t-bo ttomed, a. (Stress equal or variable.) Having a flat bottom : chiefly of a boat. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castenheda’s Cong. E. Ind. xiii. 33 b, They haue no quiell, but are flat bottomed. 1692 Lond. Gaz. No. 2797/3 Our Mortar-pieces are..put upon flat-bottom’d Boats. 1810 C. James Milit. Diet., Flat-bot¬ tomed boats..are made to swim in shallow water, and to carry a great number of troops, artillery, ammunition, etc. 1836 Vignoles 20 May in Life (1889) 200 Agreed with Mr. Gibbs to adopt my flat-bottomed form of rails for the Croy¬ don line. Flat-cap. + 1 . A round cap with a low, flat crown, worn in the 16—17th c. by London citizens. Obs. 1598 B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. 11. i, Mock me all over From my flat-cap, unto my shining shoes. 1615 J. Stephens Satyr. Ess. 292 With the same confidence that ignorant Painters make a broad face and a flat-cap to signifie King Harry the Eight. 1630 Dekker indPt. Honest Wh. 1. Wks. 1873 II. no Flat caps as proper are to Citty Gownes As.. to kings their Crownes. 1688 R. Holme Armoury hi. i. 11/2. 1891 C. Creighton Hist. Epidemics Brit. 483 The sight of a Londoner’s flat-cap was dreadful to a lob. + 2 . One who wears a flat-cap; esp. a London citizen or ’prentice. Obs. 1600 Heywood i Edw. IT , 1. Wks. 1874 I. 18 Flat-caps thou call’st vs. We scorne not the name. 1631 Dekker Match Mee 1. Wks. 1873 IV. 149 King. What’s her Hus¬ band? Lad. A flatcap. 1719 D’Urfey Pills IV. 109 The Town of London, Where the Flat-caps call Men Cousins. 1822 Scott Nigel xv, The flatcaps of the city. 3 . A size of writing-paper, usually 14 x J 7 inches. 1875 in Knight Diet. Mech. t Fla'tchet. Obs. Also flachet. [Cf. MHG. flat sc he broadsword.] A sword. 1577 Stanyhurst Descr. Irel. in IlolinshedW. 14 They run like bedlam barretors into the streets with their naked flatchets. 1583 — /Ends hi. (Arb.) 77 In grasse they re flachets and tergats warelye pitching. fFTate, sb. Obs. rare— 1 . App. = Flatus 2. a 1644 Quarles Tirg. Widow v. i, There’s a Malignant Hypocondriacall Flate within her, which fumes up, and disturbs her head. + Flate, v. Obs. [app. a dial. var. of Wlate, to feel disgust or nausea.] intr. To feel nausea. Plence + Fla ting-ness, nausea. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvii. cxii. (1495) 676 Oyle drastes is not good to mete, For suche exeytyth fiatyngnesse & spewynge. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 98 pat may be knowen. .bi swetnes of pe moup, bi flating [7'. r. wlattynge] whanne pat a man is fastynge. Flated (fl^'ted), a. Phonetics . [formed as if pa. pple. of *flate v., f. Flat-us.] Of consonant- sounds ; Produced by flatus , i.e. by breath without any vibration of the vocal chords. 1887 Ellis Speech-sounds in Encycl. Brit. XXII. 382 [The sounds produced by expelling air] are either flated.. or voiced, .or else whispered. Flateous, var. of Flatuous. Obs. Flat fish., fla't-fish. A name for fish of the family Pleuronectidde , which includes the sole, turbot, plaice, etc. 1710 Lond. Gaz. No. 4742/3 All sorts of flat and fresh Fish. 1837 M. Donovan Dom. Econ. II. 167 Several flat¬ fish live many hours out of the water. 1870 Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. 57 Turbot, soles, and other so-called flat fish. Flat-foot. 1 . (See quot. 1884.) 1870 Holmes Syst. Surg. III. 693 A slight degree of flat- foot is common in girls. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Flat-foot , a condition of the foot in which the tarsus does not possess, or loses altogether, its usual arch. 2 . U.S. slang. (See quot.) 1887 Proctor Amer. in Knowledge 1 June 184/1 An American ‘ flat-foot ’ is a man who stands firmly for his party. Fla*t-foo*ted, a. (Stress equal or variable.) 1 . Having flat feet, i. e. feet with little or no hollow in the sole and a low instep. Of a horse : Having flat hoofs, with the soles near the ground. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 351 There haue been now of late, Serpents knowne flat-footed like Geese. 1675 Lond. Gaz. No. 979/4 Stolen a Gelding .. flat-footed before. 1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. ix. 185/2 [A Grey-Hound] Long, and Flat-footed. 1699 Dampier Toy. II. 11. 70 Pelicans are large flat-footed Fowls, almost as big as Geese, i860 Mayne Exp. Lex., Leiopodes, old term .. applied by Galen .. to those who were flat-footed. b. trans/. Of a rail = Flat-bottomed. 1889 G. Findlay Eng. Railway 42 The ‘ fish-bellied ’ rails were found troublesome to roll, and this led to the intro¬ duction of the flat-bottomed or ‘ flat-footed ’ section of rail. 2 . U.S. colloq. Downright, plain and positive. To come out fiat-footed {for ): to make a bold or positive statement of one’s opinion, or the like. 1846 N. Y. Herald 30 June (Bartlett), Mr. Pickens..has come out flat-footed for the administration. 1858 Harper s Mag. Sept. 563 His .. bold, flat-footed way of saying things. 1863 Gray Lett . II. 504, Complaining of Lyell that he does not come out ‘flat-footed’ as we say, as an advocate of natural-selection transmutation. Hence Flat-footedly adv., Fla:t-foo tedness. 1890 Daily News 13 Sept. 3/1 The human foot is libelled by these dreadful coverings, in which many a good player flat-footedly dashes about. 1882 Standard 19 Sept. 5/1 Flat-footedness is due to .. improperly-made shoes. Flath. Also flaith. Irish Hist. [Irish.] A lord (see quots.). 1873 Sullivan Introd. O' Curry's A nc. Irish I. 101 The first class [of Aires ] were the true lords or Flaths, the Hlaford of the Anglo-Saxons. 1876 — in Encycl. Brit. V. 799 An aire whose family held the same land for three generations was called a fiaith or lord. ^ + Flathe, flath. Obs. [Cf.OH G.fiado, MHG. fiade flat cake; an OE. *flada has not been found.] 1 . =Flathon, Flawn. c 1450 Interl. Gloss. John de Garlande in Wright Toe. 127 Flaones fartos, flathen ystuflyd. 2 . A name for the ray or skate. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 164/2 Flathe, or flathe fr/c], fysche (flay, or flacch, fysch.) (R)agadies. 1466 Matin, Househ. Exp. 334 Item, the same day my mastyr paid for a fflathe . .xiij. d. 1562 Turner Herbal 11.127 a. The fishe called in Latin pastinaca marina, whych is lyke vnto a flath. 1577 Harrison Descr. Eng. in. iii. in Holinshcd (1587) 1 .224 Our chaits, maidens, kingsons, flath and thornbacke. cx6oi J. Keymor Dutch Fishing (1664) 8 Soals, Thorneback, Floith [sic], Scate, Brett [etc.]. FLAT-HEAD. 297 FLATTED. Fla-t-head. 1 . One who has a flat head ; spec, a member of a tribe of North American Indians named from their supposed practice of flattening their children’s heads artificially. The tribe now commonly known by this appellation is the Selish or Hopilpo ; but ‘ they do not flatten the heads of their children, and appear never to have done so; the name Flathead being at first applied to them by mistake 1 {Encycl. Amer. 1886). 1837 Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) IV. 225 There are flat-heads there [Sierra Leone] as in other countries. 1837 W. Irving Capt. Bonneville I. 121 The Flathead levelled his piece, and brought the Blackfoot to the ground. 1841 Catlin N. Amer. Ind. (ed. 2) II. no The Chinooks..cor¬ rectly come under the name of Flat Heads, as they are almost the only people who strictly adhere to the custom of squeezing and flattening the head. 1862 D. Wilson Preh. Man (1876) II. xxi. 221 The strange practice of American Flatheads far to the north-east of the Altai chain. 2 . Australia. The local name for a fish of the genus Ceratodus . 1832 Bischoff Van Diemens Land 11. 32 The market of Hobart Town is supplied with small rock cod, flat-heads, and a fish called the perch. 1852 Mundy Our Antipodes viii. 195 A good basket of schnappers and flatheads. 3 . U.S . ‘ A snake which flattens its head, as a species of Heterodon ’ {Cent. Diet.). 1888 Bergen in Pop. Sci. Monthly XXXIII. 660 The blow- snake of Illinois is variously known in other localities as hog-nose, flat-head, viper, and puff-adder. 4 . Arch. An ornament of an archivolt with a flat uncarved surface. 1883 Mollett Diet. A rt <5- A rclueol., Flat-heads, an orna¬ ment peculiar to the Romano-Byzantine period, which decorates archivolts. B. attrib. Having a flat head or top. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 878/r Flat-head Nail, a forged nail with a round, flat head. 1891 Scribner's Mag. Sept. 311/1 The flat-head houses of Brooklyn. Pla t-liea’ded, a. (Stress equal or variable.) a. Having a flat head or top. + b. Wearing a flat hat. 1652 Ld. Digby Elvira 111. (1667) 36 A sharp-pointed Hat, (Now that you see the Gallants all Flat-headed) Appears not so ridiculous, as [etc.]. 1752 Sir J. Hill Hist. Anim. 103 The larger, smooth, and flat-headed Amphisbaena. 1853 Sir H. Douglas Milit . Bridges iv. 185 Flat-headed boats. 1880 G. Meredith Trag. Com. 242 I have not a spark of sense to distinguish me from a flat-headed Lapp, if she refuses. 1881 Freeman Siibj. Venice 216 This doorway is flat-headed and has lost all mediaeval character. + Pla*tll021. Ohs. Also flathoun. [ad.med.L. flaton-em,fladdn-em : see Flawn.] = Flawn. c 1430 Two Cookery Bks. 1. 56 Flathouns in lente. c 1450 Ibid. 11. 73 Flathonys. + Flatile, a. Obs.~° [ad. 'L.fldlil-is blown, f. flare to blow.] (See quot.) So + Flatility. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Flatile , unconstant. 1656 Blount Glossogr., Flatility, inconstancy. 1721-1800 in Bailey. t Fla’tion. Obs. rare — 1 . [as if ad. L .fldtion- cni , f. flare to blow.] Blowing or breathing. 1708 Dodwell Mort.H7i7iia?ieSouls 23 The nvoy 7, or Flatus, is by the Fathers supposed to continue so long, and no longer, than the Act of Spiration, or Flation, lasts. Flat-iron, sb. 1 . An iron with a flat face for smoothing linen, etc. 1810 Sporting Mag. XXXV. 78 A certain flat iron, which she .. held in her hand. 1845 Alb. Smith Fort. Scatterg. Fain. viii. (1887) 29 [She] attacked a small collar somewhat savagely with a flat-iron. 2 . attrib. and Comb. 1862 H. Marryat Year in Sweden II. 370 Huge wooden triangular frames, like flat-iron stands. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 878/2 Flat-iron heater, a stove specially adapted for heating smoothing-irons, a laundry-stove. Hence Fla t-iron v., to smooth with a flat-iron; Flat-ironing* vbl. sb. (in quot.flg.). 1865 Mrs. Whitney Gay worthy s xxxii. (1879) 3 T 4 Her features levelled themselves into a plane of benignity, as if they had been suddenly flatironed. 1879 E. Garrett House by Works I. 113 She is not the sort of woman to be put down by any of your flat-ironing processes. + Fla’tive, Cl. Obs. rare. [ad. L. type *fldtlv- us, f. flare to blow.] Engendering wind, flatulent. 1599 H. Buttes Dyets drie Dinner F vj b, Artichokes., remove flative humours. 1607 Brewer Lingua v. xvii. M ij, Eate not too many of those Apples, they bee very flatiue. Flatland (flse'tiland). An imaginary land in space of two dimensions (see quot. 1884'). 1884 Abbott Flatland 1. § 1 (ed. 2) 3 I call our world Flatland. .Imagine a vast sheet of paper on which straight Lines, Triangles, Squares, Pentagons, Hexagons, and other figures, instead of remaining fixed in their places, move freely about, on or in the surface, but without the power of rising above it or sinking below it. 1892 W. W. R. Ball Math. Recr. x. 191 We may picture the inhabitants of flatland as moving..on the surface of a plane or between two parallel and adjacent planes. Hence Fla*tlander, an inhabitant of Flatland. 1884 Abbott Flatland (ed. 2) Pref. Fla'tling, fla ttings, adv. and a. Obs. exc. arch, or dial. [f. Flat a. + -ling(s.] A. adv. 1 . In a prostrate position, at full length, flat. Often with fall, lie, etc. 1375 Barbour Bruce xvii. 3690ft leddres, and men. .Thai gert fall flatlings to the ground, c 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 2501 The knyghtes upon the grounde laide than the crosse flatling. 1530 Lyndesay Test. Papyngo 184 Scho..flat- VOL. IV. lyngis fell, and swappit in to swoun. a 1605 Montgomerie Fly ting w. Pohvart hi, l’s fell thee like a fluike, flatlings on the flure. 1632 Lithgow Trav. 1. 37 The halfe of his body and right arme fell flatlings in the fire. 1895 J. H. McCarthy Loud. Leg. III. 118 In a moment he had stumbled backwards and fallen flatlings into the ditch. 2 . With the flat side. 1470-85 Malory Arthur viii. xxxii, Sire tristram. .smote vpon hym fyue or sixe strokes flatlynge on the neck. 1578 Timme Caluiite on Gen. 121 This shaking sword..was not always shaking with the edge towards Man, but sometimes flatling also. 1591 Harington Orl. Fur. xxx. liv, It [the blow] lighted flatling on him. 1820 Scott Ivanhoe xlii, [His] sword turned in his hand, so that the blade struck me flatlings. 1868 Morris Earthly Par. 1. 321 He smote him flatling with his sheathed sword. 3 . Of motion : On the level, horizontally. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. ii. iv. Columnes 325 He doth not ride Flatling a-long, but vp the Sphears steep side. 4 . dial. Plainly, peremptorily. 1847-78 in Halliwell, Flatlins, plainly, peremptory. + B. adj. (In form flatling only.) Of a blow : Dealt with the flat side of a weapon. Obs. 1579-80 North Plutarch, A Icibiades 211 Flatling blowes. 1609 Heywood Brit. Troy xi. 91 A flatling blow that on his beauer glancst. t Flatlong, adv. Obs. Also 6 Sc. flatlangis. [f. Flat a. 4- -long ; an altered form of prec.] 1 . In or into a prostrate position. 1570 Henry's Wallace v. mo Flatlangis [MS. thwortour]. 1600 F. Walker Sp. Mandeville 64 a, [They] let them selues fall flatlong downe to the earth, a 1632 in T. Taylor God's Judgem. 1.1. xxix. 133. 2 . With the flat side; also, with the flat sides in contact. 1580 Sidney Arcadia (1622) 304 The pittilesse sword, .did but hit flatlong. 1602 Carew Cornwall 34 a, They have a device of two sticks filled with corks, and crossed flatlong. 1610 Shaks. Temp. 11. i. 181. a 1648 L. Herbert Life (1886) 141, I . . clapt my left foot.. flat-long to the left side. Flatly (flse'tli), adv. [f. Flat a. + -ly 2 .] 1 . In a flat or prostrate position. ? Obs. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. xxxviii. 69 He. .ran And layd hym at [>e erd flatly. 1592 Shaks. Ven. <$• Ad. 463 At his looke she flatly falleth downe. 2 . a. With small curvature, b. As on a flat surface; without relief. 1797 Holcroft Stolberg's Trav. (ed. 2) II. 1 . 205 It was very flatly arched. 1883 C. C. Perkins Ilal. Sculpt. 116 Plants, fruits, and flowers are..treated flatly, and not in the round. 3 . a. In a plain, blunt, or decisive manner; with¬ out ambiguity, qualification, or hesitation ; plainly, bluntly; decisively, b. In the unqualified sense of the statement; absolutely, completely. a. 1562 Cooper Anszv. Priv. Masse 38 If I should flatly deny, that the mynister receiued. 1578 Chr. Prayers in Priv. Prayers (1851) 541 To speak flatly, those only are the things, that are..hurtful unto us. #1618 Raleigh Prerog. Pari. (1628) 9 He was flatly denied the Subsedy demanded. 1761-2 Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) IV. lxii. 641 The common council of London flatly refused to submit. 1809 Pinkney Trav. France 57 He..flatly told me, that I must either have that or none. 1879 McCarthy Own Times II. xxix. 389 He seldom expresses any opinion one day without flatly contradicting it the next. b. 1577 tr. Bullinger's Decades (1592) 101 Mankind being flatly corrupted by sinne. 1583 Babington Commandm. i. (1615) 17 Such things as flatlie and directly are contrary to the loue of thee. 1641 Milton Ch. Govt. iv. 14 Flatly against Scripture. 1692 Bentley Boyle Led. vii. 246 Which is flatly impossible. 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lamps ii. § 1. 29 Of all sin there is .. no one more flatly opposite to the Almighty. 1874 Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 187 This is of course .. flatly impossible. 4 . In a dull or spiritless manner; without zest; insipidly. 1644 Digby Two Treat. 11. Concl. 461 We shall but flatly relish the most poinant meates. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. Pref. (1721) I. 87 That famous Passage of Lucan..which Brabeuf has rendered so flatly. 1708 Brit. Apollo No. 45. 3/2 The Line [is] flatly Dull and Poor. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. hi. vi, He did not appear to have hidden anything, so went off flatly. 1885 Manch. Exam. 22 July 3/1 It., simply says ineffectively and flatly what has been said effectively and brightly by a score of writers. b. Comm. With little competition. 1887 Daily News 8 July 6/8 The more important parcels offered in public sale to-day went off flatly. Flatman (ftetman). [f. Flat sb. + Man.] One who navigates a flat. See Flat sb.% 9 a. 1883 Manch. Guardian 12 Oct. 5/2 Two flatmen have beeiK"^charged with attempting to murder a woman. 1884 L'pool Merc. 14 Feb. 5/10 About 350 flatmen employed on the flats of the Bridgwater Navigation Company. Flatness (flse'tnes). [f. Flat a. + -ness.] 1 . The quality or condition of being flat or level; esp. of a country. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 164/2 Flatnesse, planicies. 1601 Holland Pliny 11. lxv. 31 Wonderfull it remaineth. .How it should become a Globe, considering so great flatnesse of Plaines and Seas. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 150 They try..the flatness of the whole Frame of Flooring again. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 725 The perfect flatness of the coasts. 1838 Murray's Hand-bk. N. Germ. 372 The weari¬ some flatness and monotony of their. .country. 2 . The quality or fact of having a small curva¬ ture ; diminished convexity. 1683 Ray Corr. (1848) 134 The flatness of its bill. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) I. p. iv. The flatness of the Earth at the Poles. # 1816 J. Scott Vis. Paris (ed. 5) App. 324 To Neuilly, to view the bridge.. cele- I brated for the flatness of its arches. 1867 J- Hogg Microsc. j 1. ii. 72 Flatness of field, .denotes the exact capability of j an objective to show the peripheral or marginal portions of the field with the same sharpness as the central. 1870 Whymper in Alpine Jrnl. V. 6 The flatness of the curves of the roches moutoundcs. 3 . 1 Want of relief or prominence * (J.). 1702 Addison Dial. Medals iii. 164 One would think the Coiner look’d on the flatness of a figure as one of the greatest beauties in Sculpture. 1885 A. Mary F. Robinson in Mag. 0/Art Sept. 478/2 The brilliant light in which the outline is lost, the solidity almost to flatness, .all remind us of Hans Holbein. 4 . The condition of having great breadth in pro¬ portion to the thickness. 1878 Newcomb Pop. Astron. in. iv. 344 The extreme thinness and flatness of the object. 5 . Outspokenness, plainness (of speech). 1887 Poor Nellie (1888) 10 He feared he had contradicted the Archbishop with a flatness amounting to rudeness, b. Absoluteness, unqualified condition. 1611 Shaks. Wint. T. in. ii. 123 That he did but see The flatnesse of my miserie. 6. Want of incident or interest; monotony. 1882-3 H. S. Holland in Schaff Encycl. Relig. Knowl. III. 2051 The prosy flatness of common life. b. Comm. Dullness, lack of competition. 1812 G. Chalmers Dom. Econ. Gt. Brit. 419 The flatness ..of the trade of Ireland. 1891 Times 10 Oct. 12/1 The flatness of the American market. 7 . Deficiency in flavour; deadness, insipidity, vapidness. 1707 J. Mortimer Husb. xx. 598 Deadness or Flatness in Cyder, which is often occasioned by the too free admission of Air into the Vessel. 1861 Delamer Kitch. Gard. 93 A mixture of sorrel corrects the peculiar flatness of its flavour. 8. Of sound : Deadness. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 157 That Flatnesse of Sound is ioyned with a Harshnesse of Sound. 1734 Watts Reliq. Juv. (1789) 160 Long custom has induced a sort of flatness into these sounds. 9 . Want of spirit or energy; apathetic condition, dejectedness; lack of mental acuteness or alertness ; dulness of mind. 1641 J. Shute Sarah <5- Hagar (1649) 84 Jezebel .. re¬ proached him with a flatness of spirit, as if he were not worthy to sway a Scepter. 1671 Glanvill Disc. M. Stubbe Pref. Aij b, It would be look’d upon as flatness, or fear, if I should deal softly with such an Adversary. 1720 Welton Suffer. Son of God I. xiii. 332 The disgust and Flattness of our Souls, in Relation to those never-fading Treasures. 1802 Paley Nat. Theol. xxiii. (1803) 458 The flatness of being content with common reasons. 1810 Knox & Jebb Corr. II. 5 A flatness of mind was gradually stealing upon me. 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. III. xxxvi. 97 We should stamp every possible world with the flatness of our own inanity. 10. Of an author, literary style, conversation, etc.: Want of animation, brilliancy, or pointedness; prosaic dulness. 1649 Milton Eikon. xvi, To help those many infirmities, [in prayer], .rudeness, impertinencie, flatness, and the like, we have a remedy of Gods finding out. 1715 Pope Iliad Pref., Some of his [Homer’s] Translators having swell’d into Fustian, .and others sunk into Flatness. 1741 Watts Improv. Mind 1. v. § 10 For some scores of lines together there is a coldness and flatness. 1844 Stanley Aimold (1858) II. 144 The flatnesses of most of those who have written on this subject. Fla - t-nose, sb. and a. A. sb. One who has a flat nose. 16.. Old Round, Call Philip flat-nose; straight he frets thereat. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 456 ‘You look at me so wistfully’, says the flatnose. 1875 Browning Aristoph. Apol. 93, I and the Flat-nose. .Oft make a pair. B. adj. = Flat-nosed a. 1636 W. Durham in Ann. Dubrensia (1877) 8 The Flat- nose Satyres. 1650 Bulwer Anthropomet. 12 Flat-nose Dogs which Ladies keep for pleasure. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., Flat-nose shell, a cylindrical tool with valve at bottom, for boring through soft clay. Fla’t-nosed, a. 1 . Having a flat nose. 1530 Palsgr. 312/2 Flatte nosed, camus. 1575 Fleming Virgil's Bucol. x. 9 The litle flat nozde gotes Shall crop and nip the tender twige. 1581 Pettie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. I. (1586) 37 If their beloved bee flat nosed, they tearme her amiable. 1677 Hale Prim. Orig. Man. 11. vii. 200 The Ethiopian .. flat-nosed and crisp-haired. 1853 Hickie tr. Aristoflh. (1872) II. 648 The .. flat-nosed women shall sit by the side of the beautiful. 2 . of a tool, as flat-nosed graver. 1871 Proc. Amer. Phil.Soc. XII. 226 A flat-nosed graver would have left a smooth trough. + Flatrise. Obs .— 1 [var. of flatery, Flattery after the analogy of Faintise.] = Flattery'. c 1440 Generydes 4042 With his fayre wordes, full of flatrise. Flats, var. of Flotesse. Obs. Flatted (flae’ted), ppl. a. [f. Flat vO + -ed L] 1 . Laid flat; levelled with the ground or surface. Of the sea : Made smooth or calm. 1681 W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 611 Flatted or made flat, eequatits. 1700 Dryden Fables, Ceyx 8f Alcyone 131 Then frothy white appear the flatted seas. 1715-20 Pope Iliad v. 121 The yellow harvests .. And flatted vine¬ yards, one sad waste appear. 1730 Thomson Autumn 337 The fields around Lie sunk, and flatted in the sordid wave. 2 . Beaten or pressed out flat; flattened; deprived of convexity or rotundity; made broad and thin. 1578 Banister Hist. Man. 1. 28 The inferiour part of Radius .. is not onely at the end flatted, but also ample, large. 1650 T. B[ayley] Worcester's Apoph. 47 Turning FLATTEN. FLATTER. the flatted bullet round with his finger. 1797 W. Johnston tr. Beckmann's Invent. II. 232 Flatted metal wire began to be spun round linen or silk thread. 1812 J. Smyth Pract. Customs (1821) 68 Coffee .. is convex on one side, and flatted on the other, with a deep furrow, which runs along the flatted side. 1879 W. Collins Rogue's Life ix. 104 He turns out a tolerably neat article, from the simple flatted plates. f 3 . Made of flat bars. Obs. 1805 R. W. Dickson (1807) II. 161 The hurdles, .are gene¬ rally of two kinds, either flatted or rodded. + 4 . Rendered vapid or insipid. Obs. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 377 An Orenge, Limon and Apple .. fresh in their Colour, But their Iuyce somewhat flatted. 5 . Of pigments and painted surfaces: Dead, dull, without gloss. 1851 Ord. Sf Regut. R. Engineers xix. 89 Two rooms flatted or French grey. 1859 Gullick & Timbs Paint. 243 A * flatted ’, dull, or unshining surface. f Fla'tten, a. Obs. rare. [? var. of Flotten.] 1 . Of milk : ? Skimmed (in quot. app. stale, sour ; perh. associated with Flat a .). 1593 Plat Jewell-ho. 11. 13 Soke .. in broken beere, or flatten milk. 2 . Jig. =Fleeten 2. a 1625 Fletcher Hum. Lieutenant in. v, What a flatten face he has now.. How like an ass he looks 1 Flatten (flae't’n), v. [f. Flat a. + -en 5 .] f 1 , trans. To lay flat on the ground. Obs. rare. 1712 J. Mortimer Hush. 11. xii, If they [sheep] should lie in it [flax], and beat it down, or flatten it, it will rise again the next rain. 2 . Naut. To flatten in (a sail) : to extend it more nearly fore-and-aft of the vessel. Also ah sol. (Cf. Flat v . 2 2.) 1839 Marryat Pliant. Ship x, Hard a-port! flatten in forward ! 1856 R. H. Dana Seamen's Friend 51 Flatten in your jibsheets. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk ., To flatten i)i) the action of hauling in the aftmost clue of a sail to give it greater power of turning the vessel, .hence ft at ten in forward .. to haul in the jib and foretopmast-staysail- sheets towards the middle of the ship, and haul forward the fore-bowline. 3 . = Flat v 2 3. a and b. a. 1630 Donne Progr. Soule xiv. Poems (1654) 298 As if for that time their round bodies flatned were. 1726 Monro Anat. 11. 201 The two superior of these four [superior Dorsal vertebrae] .. are flatned .. by the Action of the Musculi longi colli. 1755 Johnson, Flatten, to make even or level, without prominence or elevation. 1762 H. Walpole Vert ice's A need. Paint. I. iv. 98 The superior honours paid to Michael Angelo, whose nose was flattened by the blow. 1802 Paley Nat. Thcol. iii. Wks. 1825 III. 20 Its muscular conformation .. is throughout calculated for flattening the eye. 1883 Hardwick's Pkotogr. Chem. (ed. Taylor) 214 A longer exposure in the Camera .. invariably^tf/^tf-y the picture, destroying its rotundity and stereoscopic effect. b. 1751 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Coining, The bars or plates .. are passed several times through a mill, to flatten them further. 1794 Sullivan View Nat. I. 353 Beautiful crystal¬ lizations regularly flattened. 1871 L. Stephen Playgr. Europe ii. § 1. 78 We were frequently flattened out against the rocks, like beasts of ill repute nailed to a barn. fig. 1884 St. L. Herbert in Fortn. Rev. Feb. 242 Reason .. snubbed and flattened out the emotion. 1889 Barr&re & Leland Slang, To fatten out (American) ‘ I flattened him out * i. e., I had the best of him, of the argument. 4 . intr . for refl. To become flat, or more flat; to lose convexity or protuberance; to grow broad at the expense of thickness. Also with out. a 1721 Keill Maupertuis ’ Diss. (1734) 51 The Spheroid that continually flattens. 1734 Watts Reliq. Juv. (1789) 85 pur real form grows cold and pale .. it flattens, it withers into wrinkles. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) II. 97 On approaching the coast, the surface of the country flattens, and approaches water-level. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. I. 149 The horn .. flattens and turns inwards. 1884 H. James Little Tour 109 (Cent. Diet.) As I proceeded it [the country] flattened out a good deal. 1885 L. Wingfield Barbara PJiilpot III. v. 132 A glittering doll in a shop- window causeth the noses of the bystanders to flatten. 1893 Westm. Gaz. 18 Mar. 8/1 The dip of the reef ‘flattens*. b. Of the wind or a storm: To decrease in force. Cf. Flat v . 2 2 c. 1748 Anson Voy. 1. viii. 79 The storm at length flattening to a calm. 1805 Naval Chron. XIII. 239 The Wind flattening..she missed stays. 5 . trans. To make ‘ flat’, vapid, or insipid. Also fig- " 1631 Sanderson Semi. II. 2 As if all use of rhethorical ornaments..did adulterate, corrupt, and flatten the sincere milk of the word. 1686 Goad Celest. Bodies 11. v. 221 The Celestial Bodies, .do ferment or flatten the Air. 1755 John¬ son, Flatten, to make vapid, b. intr. to become insipid. 1692 R. L’Estrange Fables clxi. 132 Satisfactions that.. flatten in the very tasting. 1702 Eng. Theophrast. 254 Without some tincture of Urbanity, good Humour flattens for want of Refreshment and Relief. 6. trans. To make dull, deprive of attraction, interest, or impressiveness ; also to flatten down. 1693 W. Freke Sel. Ess. xxxiv. 210 When you gallop over a good Author, you .. flatten him, and lose half his Life and Substance. 1710 Steele Tatler No. 204 f 5 It flattens the Narration, to say his Excellency in a Case which is common to all Men. #1715 Burnet Own Time (1724) I. 162 The odiousness of the crime grew at last to be so much flatten’d by the frequent executions. 1820 Lamb Lett. (1888) II. 57 That I did not write .. was simply that he was to come so soon, and that flattens letters. 1889 Spectator 14 Dec. 840 When the pilgrims .. break out into verse, they. .flatten down what had been far more effectively and imaginatively said in prose. 298 I + 7 . To deprive of energy or ‘fire’; to depress. Also with away. Obs. 1683 R. Grove Persuas. Communion 22 Our Passions ..may be Charmed, or Raised, or Flattened. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 47 F 3 He was sunk and flattened to the lowest Degree. 1772 J. Adams Diary 23 Nov. Wks. 1850 II. 305, I find they are both cooled, both flattened away. 1796 Burke Corr. IV. 362 So far from endeavouring to excite this spirit, nothing has been omitted to flatten and lower it. b. To cause (a market) to become depressed. 1891 Daily News 12 Nov. 2/1 These two influences sufficed to flatten all the markets. 8. To lower (a musical note) in pitch; also absol. 1824 Mirror III. 105/2 Flattening and sharpening and rosining bows. 1825 Danneley Diet. Mus., Ho flatten, to lower a note one or two half tones. 1872 Banister Music 55 That same note sharpened or flattened. 9 . To paint (a surface) so that it shall have no gloss ; to deprive (paint) of its lustre. Also absol. 1823 Crabb Techn. Diet., To flatten , is to give a newly painted wall such a coat of colour as takes off its glossy appearance. 1874 W. Crookes Dyeing § Calico Print, vii. 517 The colouring matter may also be flattened or deprived of its lustre. 10 . Tanning : see quot. 1875 Lire's Diet. Arts III. 95 In some cases, as in the calf¬ skin, it is skived and then shaved, or, as it is called, flat¬ tened at right angles to the skiving. Flattened (flse-t’nd), ppl. a. [f. prec. + - ed T] In senses of the verb. 1796 Withering Brit. Plants IV. 113 Long slender thread-shaped but flattened leaves. 1833 L. Ritchie IVand. by Loire 39 The bridge is composed of fifteen flattened arches. 1863 Lyell Antiq. Man ii. 27 Its shape is that of a flattened cone. 1884 Bower & Scott De Barys Phaner. 290 Rings, of which the outer at least consist of broad flattened pieces. fg. 1874 Geo. Eliot Coll. Breakf-P. 621 Is wisdom flattened sense and mere distaste? Flattener (flse-t’nar). [f. as prec. + -er 1 .] One who flattens ; something used for flattening. ♦ 1741 [see Flatter sb. 2 1]. 1864 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. IV. xvi. vi. 329 There followed a dryness between the divine Emilie and the Flattener of the Earth [i.e. Maupertuis, from his having proved the flattening of the earth at the poles.] 1875 Plain Needle-work 14 An old tooth brush handle, which..might be called the ‘flattener’. 1879 J. Paton in Encycl. Brit. X. 661/2 The flattener, with a piece of charred wood, rubs it [the opened cylinder of glass] quite smooth. Flattening, vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ing b] 1 . The action or process of making flat. In Glass-making , the process of laying out (sheet- glass) flat. *879 J. Paton in Encycl. Brit. X. 660/2 The opening, flattening, or spreading of the glass. Ibid. 661/1. 2 . The process of becoming flat; the condition of being flattened. # 1726 Monro Anat. it. 199 This Flatning on their Sides .. is of good Use. 1854 W. K. Kelly tr. Arago's Astron. 131 The flattening at the poles [of the earth], i860 Tyndall Glac. 11. xxiv. 359 These disks [in ice] have been mistaken for bubbles, .and their flattening has been ascribed to the pressure [etc.]. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. xix. 325 The earth’s flattening is very much less proportionally than that of the orange. 3 . altrib. and Comb, (chiefly in Glass-making : see 1), as flattening arch, furnace, iron, kiln, oven, stone , tool. 1879 J- Paton in Encycl. Brit. X. 661/2 The waggon then goes back to the ^flattening arch. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 878/ 2*Flatteningfurnace. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade , * Flattening-iron, a laundress’s or workman's smoothing iron. 1872 W. R. Greg Enigmas 272 That.. God will pass a flattening-iron over all..and smooth out every salient individuality. 1879 J. Paton in Encycl. Brit. X. 661/2 The *flattening kiln .. consists of two chambers built together, the one for flattening the cylinders, the other for annealing the sheets .. The cylinder, after being gradually reheated, is placed in the centre of the ^'flattening oven, upon a smooth stone. Ibid., The ^flattening stone or table, mounted on a movable waggon. t Fla*tter, sb . 1 Obs. Forms : 4-5 flatour, (vlatour), 5 Hater, 6 flatter, [a. OF. flatere , flatcourfflateur, agent-n. f. flater to Flatter.] = Flatterer. 1340 Aycnb. 256 Ulatours and lye3eres byep to grat cheap ine hare cort. c 1400 Cato's Morals 8 in Cursor M. App. iv. 1669 Alle fals flaters. a 1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 123 Beter is the frende that prikithe thanne the flatour that oyntethe. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Mowbray's Banishm. xi, And whyle the rest prouyded for this thing, I flatter I.. brake fayth and promise both. Flatter (flm tsi), sb . 2 [f. Flat v. + -er k] 1 . A workman who makes something (e.g. a blank or planchet, a hide or skin, etc.) flat. 1714 Mandeville Fab. Bees (1725) I. 249 The silver-spin¬ ner, the flatter, the wire-drawer .. and the refiner. 1741 Chambers Cycl., Flatter or Flattener. See Coining. 1885 C. T. Davis Manuf. Leather xxix. 497 The sides next go to a flatter, who levels oflf the shanks, .with a currier’s knife. 2 . A tool used in making things flat, e. g. a very broad-faced hammer used by smiths. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 878/2 Flatter (Wire-drawing), a draw-plate with a flat orifice, to draw out flat strips, such as watch-springs, skirt-wire [etc.]. 1888 Lockwood’s Diet. Mech. Engin., Flatter, a species of hammer used by smiths. Its use is to finish over broad surfaces which have been brought to size by the sledge and set hammer. + Fla tter, sbf Obs. [f. next.] Flattery. x 593~4 Sylvester Profit Imprisonm. 437 O that hee never had prefer’d the Serpents flatter Before th’ eternal 1 Law of all the Worlds Creator, Flatter (Hartai), v. 1 Forms: a. 3 flatteren, 4-6 flater(e(n, (5 flateryn), 6 flattir, 6- flatter. 4 vlaterien. [Of somewhat doubtful etymology. In sense it represents OF. flatc-r (mod.F .flatter'), = Vv.flaiar\ the primary meaning of this word is believed to be ‘to flatten down, smooth *; hence ‘to stroke with the hand, caress* (a sense still current in Fr.); this sense, as well as that of OF. flater , -ir to dash to the ground, is plausibly ac¬ counted for by derivation from the Teut. word which we have as Flat a. The normal form which flat-er should assume when adapted into E. is the rare Sc. Flat v. As ME. did not adapt Fr. vbs. by addition of a suffix -er to the stem, or adopt them in their infinitive form, the Eng. flatter cannot be paralleled with Ger. flattiren, MDu. flatte'ren, Sw.flattei'a, which are normally formed adaptations from the French; it might however have arisen by association of the vb. with its deri¬ vatives, OF .flatere, -our Flatter sb. 1, and flaterie Flattery. More probably, however, the native Flatter v 2 , an onomatopoeia expressive of light repeated movement, may have developed a sense resembling the primary sense of the F. word, and hence have been accepted as its equivalent. Cf. ON. flaQra, MSw. flakra , flikra, to flatter, all prob. of onomatopoeic origin. It may be signifi¬ cant that in the earliest instance of ME .flatteren it occurs as a various reading for flakcren, which corresponds precisely to MSw .flakra just cited.] + 1 . intr. Of an animal, bird, etc.: To show de¬ light or fondness (by wagging the tail, making a caressing sound, etc.). Const, upon , with. Obs. c 1386 Chaucer Merck. T. 815 Lyk to the scorpioun .. That flaterest with thin heed whan thou wilt stynge. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 431 pat foules at Diomedes temple springe}? water and flatere)? wi)? pe Grees. 1583 Hollyband Camfo di Fior 41 Here is a meery litle dogge: See how he flattereth with his tale. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts 105 She [the Cat] hath one voice to beg and to complain .. another among hir own kind, by flattring, by hissing, by puffing, by spitting. Ibid. 160 Dogges .. who would fawne & gently flatter vpon all those which came chastly & religiously to worship there. + b. trans. Rarely used in Fr. sense : To touch or stroke lightly and caressingly. Obs. [1580 Baret^I/z/. F 666 To feele and handle gently, to flatter, to dallie, and deceiue, palpo]. 1599 H. Buttes Dyets drie Dinner M, Trout is a fish that loveth to be flattered and clawed in the water. 1650 [see Flattering ppl. a. 4]. 1725 Bradley Fain. Diet. s. v. Bee , The Bees that compose his Train, .flatter him with their Trumps. 2 . To try to please or win the favour of (a person) by obsequious speech or conduct; to court, fawn upon, t Also intr. to flatter with. 1340 Ayenb. 61 pe blondere defendep and excuse}? and wryep pe kueades and pe zennes of ham pet he wyle ulateri. ^1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 344 t?es men., flateren hem, for pei hopen to haue wynnyng of hem. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 315 }if pou woldest flatere wip Denys pe kyng, pou schuldest nou3t wasche pese wortes. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 164 Flateryn, adulor. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Worcester ii, To frayne the truth, the living for to flatter. 1593 Shaks. Rich. II, 11. i. 88, I mocke my name (great King) to flatter thee, a 1744 Pope Epitaph xv, One poor Poet .. Who never flatter a Folks like you. 1764 Goldsm. Trav. 362 Yet think not.. I mean to flatter kings, or court the great. 1830 Tennyson Mermaid 43 The bold merry mermen.. would sue me, and woo me, and flatter me. 1842 Lytton Zanoni 1. i. 5 Yet was he thoroughly unsocial. He formed no friends, flattered no patrons. absol. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. ix. 147 Ancres and here- mites pat eten bote at nones, And freres pat flateren not. 1413 Pilgr. Sozule (Caxton 1483) iv. xxxiii. 82 Them nedeth nought to glosen ne to flateren, for. .hope of yeftes. 3 . To praise or compliment unduly or insincerely, f Const, of. + Also in weaker sense, to gloss over, palliate (faults), speak too leniently to (an of¬ fender). + Formerly also intr. to flatter with. a 1225 Alter. R. 222 (MS. Cleop. C. vi) Men. .pet flattereS [other texts faltreS, flakereS] hire of freolac. 1535 Cover- dale Prov. xxviii. 23 He that rebuketh a man, shall fynde more fauoure at y° last, then he that flatreth him. 1552 Latimer Serm. 31 Jan., Here learne .. not to flatter with any body when they do .. wickedly, for Christ, perceauing his disciples to be vnbeleuers, flattered them not, but .. rebuked them for their faultes. 1659 R AY Corr. (1848) 2, I would not be flattered, I am not so fond of my own con¬ ceits. 1738 Pope Epil. Sat. 1. 86 Let. .ev’ry Fool and Knave Be grac'd thro’ Life, and flatter’d in his Grave. Mod. ‘ Your beautiful voice —* ‘Ah ! you are flattering me.’ absol. 1500 20 ? Dunbar Poems (1893) 310 Wryte I of liberalitie. .Than will thay say I flatter quyte. 1548 Hall Chron. Edw. IV, 198, I neither dare nor wil write .. lest .. some men might thynke that I flattered a litle. 1782 Cowper Table T. 88 The lie that flatters I abhor the most. 4 . To gratify the vanity or self-esteem of; to make self-complacent; to make (one) feel honoured or distinguished. Also, To tickle (a person’s vanity). c 1400 Rom. Rose 5941 Another shal have as moche .. for right nought .. If he can flater hir to hir pay. 1560 Bible (G enev.) Ps. xxxvi. 2 He flattereth himselfe in his owne eyes. 1601 Shaks. Jul. C. 11. i 208 When I tell him, he hates Flatterers, He says, he does; being then most flattered. 1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Abbd Conti 1 Apr., It is the emperor’s interest to flatter them. 1791 FLATTER. 299 FLATTING. Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest viii, I am .. flattered by the distinction you offer me. 1845 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 22 This was intended to flatter the bishop’s vanity, a 1864 Prescott (Webster), Others he flattered by asking their advice. transf. 1864 Tennyson Ay liner's F. 175 A splendid presence flattering the poor roofs. 5 . To play upon the vanity or impressionable¬ ness of (a person); to beguile or persuade with artful blandishments; to coa^c, wheedle. Const. from , into, to , out of. + Also iritr. to flatter with. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xxx. 43 In me was falset with every wicht to flatter. 1537 Matthew Judg. xvi. 5 Flatter with hym [1539 Taverner Flatter him] & se wherin hys great strenght lyeth. 1579 Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 21 As waywarde children the more they bee flatered the worse they are. 1591 Troub. Raigtie K. John 11. (1611) 82 For Priests and women must be flattered. 1592 Warner Alb. Eng. vii. xxxiv. (1612) 167 He flattered his Neeces from their mother. 1650 Fuller Pisgah 11. i. § 24. 65 Or did he hope .. to flatter Heaven into a consent? 1667 Milton L. x. 42 Man should be seduc’t And flatter’d out of all, believing lies Against his Maker. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Flatter , to coaks, soothe up or wheedle. 1833 Alison Hist. Europe (1849) II. ix. § 51. 276 You may easily flatter a tyrant : but to flatter twenty-five millions of people is as impossible as to flatter the Deity himself. absol. 1611 Bible i Esdras iv. 31 The King was faine to flatter, that she might be reconciled to him againe. 6. To beguile, charm away (sorrow, etc.) ; also, to beguile, charm to (tears), arch. 1580 Sidney Arcadia 1. (1629) 52 A place for pleasantnesse, not vnfit to flatter solitarinesse. 1597 Shaks. Rich. Ill , iv. iv. 245 Flatter my sorrows with report of it. 1820 Keats Eve St. Agnes iii, Music’s golden tongue Flatter’d to tears this aged man. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus lxviii. 39 If nor books I send nor flatter sorrow to silence. 7 . To encourage or cheer (a person) with hopeful or pleasing representations ; to inspire with hope, usually on insufficient grounds. Also, To foster (hopes). + Formerly also intr. to flatter with. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xx. 109 Fortune gan flateren .. ]?o fewe .. And byhight hem longe lyf. 1393 [see Flattering ppl. a. 2.] 1587 Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1351/1 My lord, you are verie sicke, I will not flatter with you. 1592 Shaks. Fen. <5* Ad. 989 Hope, .doth flatter thee in thoughts vnlikely. 1597 — 2 Hen. IV , 1. iii. 29 Flatt’ring himselfe with [ Qo . in] Proiect of a power Much smaller, then the smallest of his Thoughts. 1601 — Twel. N. 1. v. 322 Desire him not to flatter with his Lord, Nor hold him up with hopes ; I am not for him. 1730-1 Swift's Lett. (1766) II. 123 Now were you in vast hopes you should hear no more from me. .but don’t flatter yourself. 1762 H. Walpole Vertue's A need. Paint. (1765) I. vi. 137 The Carews .. were flattered with the hopes of this match. 1794 Paley Evid. 11. v. (1817) 23 It was his business to have flattered the prevailing hopes. 1842 Tennyson Two Voices 204 Wilt thou make everything a lie To flatter me that I may die? 1855 Pres¬ cott Philip II, I. 11. ix. 243 Men had flattered themselves.. with the expectation of some change for the better. 1890 Daily News 24 Nov. 3/5 The Irish filly never flattered her backers. absol. 1593 Shaks. Lucr. 172 Desire, .sweetely flatters, b. To please with the belief, idea, or suggestion that. Now chiefly refl. 1592 Shaks. Ven. # Ad. 978 Retiming ioy bids her re- ioyce, And flatters her, it is Adonis voyce. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 165 F 1 Their People might flatter themselves that Things are not so bad as they really are. 1753 Hume Let. 5 Jan. in Burton Life <§• Co?'r (1846) I. 378 My friends flatter me. .that I have succeeded. 1782 Priestley Corrupt. Chr. I. Pref. 13, I flatter myself .. I have given reasonable satisfaction. #1796 Burns ‘As I was a ivandering', I flatter my fancy I may get anither. 1844 Disraeli Coningsby v. iv, They flattered themselves it might be done. 1883 Stevenson Treasure I si. iv. xvi, We flattered ourselves we should be able to give a good account of a half-dozen. 8. To 4 caress \ gratify (the eye, ear, etc.). Johnson describes this as ‘a sense purely Gallick’; but it occurs in his own writings, and is now established. 1695 Dryden Observ. Du Fresnoy’s Art Paint. 130 A Consort of Voices .. pleasingly fills the Ears and flatters them. 1722 Wollaston Relig. Nat. ix. 206 He might.. be flattered with some verdures and the smiles of a few daisies on the banks of the road. 1882 Stevenson New Arab. Nts. (1884) 120 The beauty of the stone flattered the young clergyman’s eyes. absol. 1750 Johnson Rambler No. 80 P 2 The Hill flatters with an extensive View. 9 . To represent too favourably; to exaggerate the good points of. Said esp. of painters, or the like. 1581 Pettie Gnazzo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 4 But if I flatter not my selfe, I have a whole minde within my crasie bodie. 1591 Shaks. Two Gent. iv. iv. 192 Yet the Painter flatter’d her a little. 1665 Boyle Occas. Rejl. vi. x. 222 If Art have not flatter’d Nature. 1765 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. IV. 18 Oliver .. said to him ‘ Mr. Lely, I desire you would use all your skill to paint my picture truly like me, and not flatter me at all.’ 1768 — Hist. Doubts 95 How much the characters of princes are liable to be flattered or misrepresented. 1885 E. Garrett At any Cost x. 169 My friends do not think that my portrait flatters me. absol. 1634 Prynne Documents agst. Prynne (Camden) 25 A Queene, in whose prayse it is impossible for a poett to fayn, or orator to flatter. 1758 Home Agis Ded., A grate¬ ful imagination adorns its benefactor with every virtue, and even flatters with sincerity. 10 . With adverbs. To flatter in (nonce-use'): to usher in or help forward with flattery. To flatter up : + (a) to indulge unduly, pamper, ‘ coddle ’; ( b ) to flatter extravagantly; to work (oneself) up into self-complacency; (c) nonce-use , to call up (a smile) by flattery. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. v. ii. 824 To flatter vp these powers of mine with rest. 1669 Dryden Tyrannick Lo’i'e iv. i, I, like the Fiends, will flatter in his Doom. 1848 J. Water- worth Canons <5- Decrees Trent 38 No one ought to flatter himself up with faith alone. 1891 G. Meredith One of our Conq. III. xiii. 273 ‘We go’, Victor said to Nataly, and flattered-up a smile about her lips. Hence Flattered ppl. a. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 164 Flateryd, adulaius. 1665 Manley Grotius' Low C. IVarrcs 165 His Mind was so elevated into a flattered Conceit of himself. *754 Shaftesb. Misc. Refl. V. i, They become, like flatter’d Princes, impatient of Con¬ tradiction. 1725 Young Love Fame i. 13 Flatter’d crimes of a licentious age, Reproach our silence. 1888 Sat. Rev. 23 June 773/2 The flattered monarch refused to interfere. t Fla’tter, Obs. [Onomatopoeic; cf .flacker, flutter , flitter .] intr. To float, flutter. c 1375 Barbour Troy-bk. 11. 1752 He .. Flatterand amange \>e wawes wode With gret force of his armes gane swyme. la 1450 Chaucer's Knt.’s T. J104 (Petworth MS.) Aboue her hede her dowues flateringe {other texts flikeringe], a 1803 Sir Patrick Spens in Child Ballads iii. lviii. 27/1 And mony was the feather-bed That flattered on the faem. Flatterable (ffeterabl), a. nonce-wd. [f. Flatter v. [ 4 -able.] That may be flattered, sus¬ ceptible to flattery. ^1734 North Lives I. 124 He was the most flatterable creature that ever was known. Flatter-blind (flse-taiiblaind), v. nonce-wd. [f. Flatter v . 1 + Blind v.~] trans. To flatter so as to make blind ; to blind with flattery. 1818 Coleridge Let. in Lit. Rem. (1836)11. 1 My next Friday’s lecture will, if I do not grossly flatter-blind myself, be interesting. Flatter cap (flee’tsikasp). Obs. exc. dial. [f. as prec. + Cap j 3 . 1 ] A flatterer. 1681 W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1691) 613 Avaunt all flattercaps. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss., Flatch or Flattercap , a flatterer; a term applied to wheedling children, when they try by flattery to gain their own little ends. Flatter-dock (flse-toid^k). [? f. Flatter v? + Dock jA 1 ] A provincial name given to several large-leaved aquatic plants (‘ docks ’), probably from the floating leaf. 1820 Wilbraham Chesh. Gloss., Flatter Dock or Batter Dock , pond weed or potamogeton. 1878-86 Britten & Holland Plant-n ., Flatter Dock. Flatterer (flae-tarai). [f. Flatter ^. 1 + -er T] 1 . One who flatters, in various senses of the vb. ; esp. one who employs false praise to obtain favour or otherwise serve his own purposes. ^1340 Hampole Psalter x iv. 4 Flaterers & bakbiters ere fere fra )?is life. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iii. iii. 51 Ye that haue ben flaterours and traitours to youre frendes. 1526 Pilg7\ Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 88, I had lever .. be reproued . .of euery persone, than to be praysed of a flaterer. a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) II. 443 A Flatterer is a Dog, that fawns when he bites. 1727 Gay Fables 1. i. 77 For beasts of prey, a servile train, Have been the flatt’rers of my reign. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick, xxviii, * I am_ afraid Sir Mulberry is a flatterer, my lord ’, said Mrs. Wititterly. 1881 Rita My Lady Coquette xx. You are a sad flatterer, Rose. 2 . Comb., as flatterer-like adj. 1630 Drayton Moses 1. 118 Three lab’ring months them flatterer-like beguiled. Flatteress. Obs. [f. Flatter -ess. Cf. OF. flateresse. ] A female flatterer. 1483 Caxton G. de la Toiir G ij, In her companye she had a woman a fiatteresse and a grete liar. 1569 J. Sanford tr. Agrippa's Van. Artes 154 Wherefore Plato calleth this [Cookery] the fiatteresse of Phisicke. 1658 Hexham, Een Vleydersse , a Flattresse, or a Flattering woman. Flattering (fl£e‘t9riq), vbl. sb. [f. Flatter vJ + -ing k] The action of the vb. Flatter, in its various senses. Now rare exc. in gerundial use. a 1225 Ancr. R. 320 Vor fearlac, vor flatterunge. a 1340 Hampole Psalter v. 11 WiJ> flaterynge bai deuoure wham swa j?ai may felaghe wij? j?aim. c x 43° Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 1977 Thurgh his fals flatering With the Sodon was he dwelling. 1563-87 Foxe^L SfM.( 1596)951/2The preachers .. preached nothing but lies and fiatterings. 1607 Hieron Whs. I. 430 Secret soothing and flattering of the heart. 1678 R. Barclay Apol. Quakers Ded., The flattering of court parasites. Fla ttering, ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing 2.] 1 . Of a person, his actions, utterances, etc.: That flatters or tries to please by praise, generally in¬ sincere ; adulatory. 1484 Caxton Fables of ASsop I. xv, The foole whiche herd the flaterynge wordes of the foxe beganne to open his bylle for to synge. 1550 Crowley Epigr. 839 Be ware of all flatterynge frendis. 1600 Shaks. A.Y. L. iv. i. 188 That flattering tongue of yours wonne me. 1781 Gibbon Decl. <5- F. III. 115 The most flattering bard . .would have hesitated to affirm, that he surpassed the measure of the demi-gods of antiquity. + b. Coaxing, wheedling. Obs. c 1386 Chaucer Friar's Prol. 30, I schal him telle which a gret honour Is to ben a fals flateryng lymytour. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iii. 269 Thy flatt’ring Method on the Youth pursue. 2 . Suggesting pleasurable (usually, delusive) an¬ ticipations or beliefs ; pleasing to the imagination. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 174, I shall .. deceive and lie With flaterende prophecie. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 57 Flee all y° false flateryng promesses of y° worlde. 1596 Shaks. Tam. Shr. 1. i. 44 Euen as a flatt’ring dreame. 1717 Pope Epist. to Jervas 23 What flatt’ring scenes our wand’ring fancy wrought 1 a 1859 Macaulay Hist. Eng. V. 305 He had consulted by letter all the most eminent physicians .. and, as he was apprehensive that they might return flattering answers if they knew who he was, he had [etc.]. 1871 R. Hurley Let. in Raymond Statist. Mines Mining (1872) 203 The prospects at this camp are very flattering. b. Of the weather, the stars, etc.: Promising, (delusively) encouraging hope. .Now rare. 1633 T. Stafford Pac. Hib. 11. xxx. 278 Don Juan .. hourely expecting a wind to bee gone, and finding a flatter¬ ing gale went aboard. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. 413 Such flattering weather is commonly the forerunner of a Tempest. 1711 Swift Jrnl. to Stella 27 Oct., It has been a terrible rainy day, but so flattering in the morning, that I would needs go out in my new hat. 1847 Emerson Poems, Thre- nody Wks. (Bohn) I. 490 For flattering planets seemed to say This child should ills of ages stay. 3 . Gratifying to self-esteem; highly compli¬ mentary. 1757 Burke Abridgm. Eng. Hist. Wks. 1842 II. 593 These opinions are flattering to national vanity. 1820 Lamb Final Mem. viii. To Mr. Rogers 277 It is not the flatteringest compliment .. to an author to say, you have not read his book yet. 1831 Sir J. Sinclair Corr. II. 273 The very flattering terms in which he expressed himself. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxxvi, The dark beauty of the sup¬ posed little girl drew' many flattering comments from the passengers. + 4 . Caressing, handling lightly. Cf. Flatter v . 1 1 b. Obs. 1650 Fuller Pisgah 11. vi. 150 Their [Baal’s priests’] flatter¬ ing hands .. did theatrically .. let out some drops of wild bloud. 5 . That represents too favourably; said esp. of a picture or the like. I S95 Shaks. John 11. i. 503 Till now', infixed I beheld my selfe, Drawne in the flattering table of her eie ! 1718 Prior Alma iii. 23 The flatt'ring Glass of Nature. . 1774 Goldsm. Retal. 63 A flattering painter, who made it his care To draw men as they ought to be, not as they are. 6. quasi-at floury fla}t. 1483 Cath. Angl. 133 A Flaghte..vbi a turfe. £1746 J. Collier (Tim Bobbin) View Lane. Dial. Wks. (1862) 47 Meh Heart as leet as o bit on o Flaight. Ibid. Gloss., Flaight , a light turf. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Flaughts pi. turves for the fire. In Whitby Abbey Rolls, ‘ flaghts.’ FLAUGHT. 301 FLAVESCENT Flaught (flaxt), sb . 2 Sc. [var. of Flocht.] 1 . A spreading out, as of wings for flight; a fluttering or agitated movement; a commotion. 1821 Galt Annals of Parish vii. 75 Nothing was spared but what the servants in the first flaught gathered up in a hurry and ran with. 1822 Sir A. Wylie II. i. 5 Getting up wi a great flaught of his arms. 2 . A flock of' birds flying together ; a flight. 1818 Edin. Mag. Aug. 155 As gin they had been a flaucht o’ dows. Flaught, sb .3 Sc. [f. the vb.] In pi. ‘ Instru¬ ments used in preparing wool.’ (Jam.) 1875 in lire's Dicl, Arts II. 402. Flaught (fl axl), v. Sc. and north, dial. Also flaueh(t. [f. Flaught sb.i (sense 1 b).] ‘To card (wool) into thin flakes’ (Jam. Slippl. 1825). Flaught (flgt, Sc. flaxt), adv. Sc. [Cf. Flaught sb . 2 J With outspread wings; with great eagerness (Jam.''. Cf. Flaughtbued. 1806 Train Sparrow $f l/., Poet. Reveries 80 Then flaught on Philip, wi’ a rair, She flew, an’ pluck’t his bosom bare. Flaughtbred, adv . Sc. [f. Flaught adv. + bred', pa. pple. of Brede v to spread out.] With the arms spread out like the wings of a flying bird ; hence, eagerly. 1768 Ross Helenore(i7%C)) 14 Lindy. .catcht a fa', Flaught- bred upon his face, and there he lay. Ibid. 82 Flaught- bred upon her, butt the house he sprang. 1785 Poems Buchan Dial. 4 The first man that..Came flaught-bred to the toulzie. Flaughter, sb. Sc. Also 5-9 flauchter, (6 -tir), 9 flaehter. [prob. a parallel formation to Flaught sb. 1 , with suffix - tro - instead of -/«-.] A paring of turf. Also Comb., fiaughter-fail, a turf cut with a flaughter-spade, i. e. a breast- plough used for this purpose. 1492 Ad. Dorn. Cone. (1839) 288 Twa hingand lokis, a flauchter sped, a cruk [etc.] a 1550 Christ is KirkeCr. xxii, For faintness thae forfochtin fulis Fell doun lyk flauchtir fails. 1799 J. Robertson Agric. Perth 247 The spade for paring ought to be similar to that used in Scotland for casting Turf, provincially the Flaughter-spade. 1818 Edin. Mag. Oct. 331 A sufficient quantity of flauchter-fail was pared from the eastern side of a hill. 1846 Brockett Gloss. N. C. Words (ed. 3), Flaughter, the thin turf turned up when ground is pared. Flaughter, v . 1 Sc. Also 9 fla(u)chter. [f. prec.J ‘ To pare turf from the ground’ (Jam.). 1721 Gloss, in Ramsay's Whs. I. 388. Flaughter (flatter), v 2 Sc. and north, dial. Also 8 flauchter, 8-9 flawter. [app. f. Flaught sb. 2 ; cf. Flichtek, Floghter vbs.] 1 . intr. To make a fluttering motion; also of a light, to flicker. 1789 D. Davidson Seasons 84 The wild duck.. Fast flaughters, quacking to the farther shore. 1816 Scott Antiq. xxi, ‘ He wad hae seen a glance o' the light frae the door o’ the cave, flaughtering against the hazels on the other bank.' 2 . a. intr. To be in a flutter; to be angry or afraid, b. trans. To put into a flutter; to frighten, flurry. 1787 Grose Prov. Gloss., Flawter, to be angry or afraid. N. 1847 Whistlcbinkie (Sc. Songs) (1890) II. 238 His muckle thick skull she would flaughter. 1853 Robin¬ son Whitby Gloss., ‘ I was sair flowter’d.’ Hence riaughter sb., a fluttering motion, flutter. 1789 D. Davidson Seasons 42 The swallows pop Wi lazy flaughter, on the gutter dub. + Fla nging, ppl. a. Obs. ? =* Flogging. 1682 D’Urfey Injured Princess 1. i. 6 Ask him if he knows where we may find a sound Wench : he’s a flauging old Whipster, I warrant him. t Flaumpaump. [? Corruption of F lampoint.] 1592 G. Harvey Pierce's Super. 181, I have seldome.. tasted a more savoury flaumpaump of words..in any slut¬ tish pamfletter. Flaumpeyn, var. of Flampoint. Flaunt (flont), sb. Now rare. Also 6-7 flant. [f. Flaunt v.\ 1 . The action or habit of flaunting, or making a display. Also f in or upon the flaunt. a X625 Boys Whs. (1630) 403 The Flant and froth of a faire phrase without soundnesse of Argument, a 1625 Fletcher False One 11. iii, Dost thou come hither with thy flourishes, Thy flaunts, and faces, to abuse men’s manners. a 1625 — Woman’s Prize 11. i, Is this stern woman still upon the flaunt Of bold defiance? Ibid. 11. vi, They are i’ th’ flaunt, sir. 1830 Holmes Our Yankee Girls 19 Who heeds the silken tassel’s flaunt Beside the golden corn ? t 2 . Something used to make a show ; showy dress, finery. Obs. X590 H. Smith Wedding Garment 39 So the wedding Gar¬ ment shall seeme better then all the flants of vanity. 1611 Shaks. Wint. T. iv. iv. 23 In these my borrowed Flaunts. Flaunt (flpnt), v. Also 6-8 flant. [Of un¬ known origin. The monosyllables of similar ending are (exc. perh. gaunt) all from Fr. ; but no Fr. word is known which could be the source. Possibly the word may be an onomato¬ poeia formed with a vague recollection of fly, flout and vaunt. Prof. Skeat compares mod. Sw. dial, flankt loosely, fiutteringly Cf. Jlanka to flutter, waver), also mod. Ger. (Bavarian 'Jlandcrn to flutter, flaunt; but the late appear¬ ance of the word in Eng. makes it doubtful whether any connexion exists.] 1 . intr. Of plumes, banners, etc.: To wave gaily or proudly. Of plants: To wave so as to display their beauty. 1576 Gascoigne Steele Gl. (Arb.) 63 [A soldier] Whose fethers flaunt, and flicker in the winde As though he were all onely to be markt. 1634 [see Flaunting ppl. a. 1.] 1717 E. Fenton tr. Secundus ' Bas. ii. Poems 195 Where, flaunting in immortal Bloom, The Musk-Rose scents the verdant Gloom. 1789 Mrs. Piozzi Joum. France I. 59 Orange and lemon trees flaunt over the walls. 1814 Southey Roderick 1. 36 Banners flaunting to the sun and breeze. 1844 Hood The Mary ix. No pennons brave Flaunted upon the mast. 1859 W. S. Coleman Woodlands (1866) 149 Though woodbines flaunt and roses glow. 2 . a. Of persons : To walk or move about so as to display one’s finery ; to display oneself in un¬ becomingly splendid or gaudy attire ; to obtrude oneself boastfully, impudently, or defiantly on the public view. Often quasi-trans. to flaunt it {away, out, forth), b. Of things: To be extravagantly gaudy or glaringly conspicuous in appearance. 1566 Drant Hor. Sat. 1. ii. B, In suits of silkes to flaunte. 1583 Stubbes Anat. Abus. 11.(1882) 108 That flaunt it out in their saten doblets. 1590 H. Smith Wedding Garment Serm. (1592)335 Else when our backs flant it like Courtiers, our soules shall strip like beggers. 1592 Greene Groatsw. Wit (1617)28 Lamilia came flaunting by,garnished with theiewels whereof shee beguiled him. 1652-62 Heylin Cosmogr. 1. (1682) 124 The Wife of every Mechanick will flant it in her Silks and Taffaties. 1712 Arbuthnot John Bull 1. iv, You loiter about alehouses, .or flaunt about the streets in your new-gilt chariot. 1734 Pope Ess. Man iv. 196 One flaunts in rags, one flutters in brocade. 1748 Richardson Clarissa Wks. 1883 VII. 312 They will flaunt it away in a chariot and six. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. (1821) II. 113 The Miss Lambs might now be seen flaunting along the street in French bonnets. 1840 Thackeray Bedford-Row Consp. i. (1869) 270 He could not bear to see Sir George and my lady flaunting in their grand pew. 1847 Tennyson Princ. Prol. 140 If our old halls could change their sex, and flaunt With prudes for proctors, dowagers for deans [etc.]. fig. 1581 Sidney Astr. <5* Stella iii. 3 Poems (Grosart 1877) I. 8 Let dainty wits crie on the Sisters nine. .Or Pindares apes, flaunt they in phrases fine. 1624 Gee Foot out of Snare v. 39 Flanting with the vain, aeriall, fantastick bubble of an Episcopall Title. 3 . trans. To display ostentatiously or obtrusively; to flourish, parade, show off. 1827 Hood Two Peacocks Bcdfont ii, The Summer air That flaunts their dewy robes. 1840 Thackeray Paris Sk.-bk. (1872) 8 The haberdashers flaunt long strips of gaudy calicoes. 1871 R. Ellis Catullus x. 17 Then supremely myself to flaunt before her. 1879 Froude Caesar ix. 98 They [the pirates] flaunted their sails in front of Ostia itself. 1886 Sidgwick Outlines Hist. Ethics ii. §4.33 The eccentricities with which. .Diogenes flaunted his fortitude and freedom. Hence Flairnting vbl. sb. 1729 Mrs. Pendarves in Mrs. Detany's Corr. 230, I told him of your flauntings. 1876 Miss Braddon J. Hag¬ gard's Dan. II. 59 ‘There’ll be fine flaunting when she’s a married woman and her own mistress.' t Flaunt-a-flaunt, adv. [f. Flaunt v . ; with onomatopoeic reduplication expressive of the nod¬ ding movement of plumes : cf. rub-a-dub, pit-a-pat, and see Aflaunt.] In a flaunting position ; also quasi-ri. bragging display, swagger. 1576 Gascoigne Steele Gl. Epil. (Arb.) 83 With high copt hattes and fethers flaunt a flaunt. 1582 Breton Floorish vpon Fancie (Grosart) 18 Thy Fethers flaunt a flaunte Are blowne awaie with winde. 1592 G. Harvey Pierce’s Super. (Grosart) II. 61 To shewe himselfe brauest in the flaunt- aflaunt of his courage. Flaunter (fl^nta-i), sb. [f. Flaunt v. + -er 1 .] One who flaunts. 1598 Florio, Porta pennachij , a tosse feather, a flanter, a swaggrer. 1681 T. Jordan London's Joy 14 No Ranters or Vaunters or Chanters or Flaunters. 1719 D’Urfey Pills I. 5 St. James’s Square, And Flaunters there. 1742 War- burton Note on Pope's Ess. Man iv. 194 (Jod.) The pride of heart is the same both in the Haunter, and the flutterer. 1877 Morley Crit. Misc. Ser. 11. 400 The painted Haunter of the city. 1883 Punch 8 Sept. 120/2 Foolish flaunter caught By studied smile and calculated leer. Flau'nter, v. inlr. a. Sc. To quiver; also fig. (see quot. 1808). b. US. ?To caper. Hence Flau'ntering ppl. a. 1768 Ross Helenorc 11. 332 An* prest her flaunt’ring mou 1 upon her lips. 1808 Jamieson, Fla?iter, 1. To waver, to be in some degree delirious. 2. To waver, to flinch, to faulter in evidence or narration. 1840 P. Parley's Ann. I. 215 Neddy., flauntered and scampered again over the drying ground. Flaunting (flp'nti vp),ppl. a. That flaunts. 1 . Waving gaily or proudly like a plume or a banner. 1623 Massinger Bondman 11. i, For all your flaunting feathers. 1624 R. Davenport City Night-cap iii. i, My Taylor bringing home My last new gown, having made the sleeves too flanting. 1634 Milton Comus 543 A bank With ivy canopied, and interwove With flaunting honey¬ suckle. 1681 Moores Baffled 24 In the Evening the Earl commanded a Squadron of Horse to fetch off the flanting Standard. 1809 W. Irving Knickerb. (1861) 55 Mantled with the flaunting grape-vine, a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) II. 394 Oh then I carried, .casque with flaunting feather. 2 . Making an obtrusive display ; showy, gaudy. 1567 Turberville To his friend that refused him, fyc., Epitaphes, etc. (1870) 203 Yeeld me thy flanting hood, shake off those belles of thine. 1577 Stanyhurst Descr. Irel. in Holinshed VI. 47 A flaunting ostentation of a roisting kind of rhetorike. x66o Pepys Diary 29 June, He told me in what high flaunting terms Sir J. Grenville had caused his [preamble] to be done. 1758 Johnson Idler No. 28 p 3 As flaunting as Mrs. Gingham, the deputy’s wife. 1786 Burns To a Mountain Daisy , The flaunting flow’rs our gardens yield. 1829 Lytton D is opened 13 A flaunting carpet, green, red, and yellow, covered the floor. 1847 Alb. Smith Chr. Tadpole xxix. (1879) 258 [A] dingy public-house, .com¬ pletely thrown into obscurity by two flaunting gin-shops at the corner. 1868 Miss Braddon Dead Sea Fr. I. xii. 254 Their serio-comic woes about recalcitrant butlers and flaunt¬ ing housemaids. 1885 Manch. Even. News 10 Sept. 2/2 A strong effort was made to remove flaunting vice from the streets. Hence Flatrntingly adv., in a flaunting manner. 1581 Sidney Astr. # Stella li. 2 Poems (Grosart 1877) I- 70 So may your tongue still flauntingly proceed. 1584 K. W. Three Ladies Lond. 11. E ij, For I must to the wedding Both vauntingly and flauntingly, although I had no bidding, a 1693 Urquhart Rabelais in. viii. 71 The more flauntingly to gallantrize it. 1874 Burnand My Time xviii. 157 Across the road, .stood, .a flauntingly dressed woman. t Flaunt-tant. Obs. rare — y . [Areduplicated formation on Flaunt. Cf. Flantitanting.] A showy array (of words). 1661 H. D. Disc. Liturgies 49 Not to be satisfied with a flaunt tant of high words. Flaunty (flg nti), a. ff. Flaunt v. + -y h] 1 . a. Of persons : Given to display or show, ostentatious, vain. b. Of things : Showy, gaudy. 1796 J. Owen Trav. Europe II. 260 These flaunty caps are of no mean expence. 1825 Hone Every-day Bk. I. 585 A boy in female attire, indescribably flaunty and gaudy. 1833 Marryat P. Simple (1863) 2 7 2 ‘There’s a flaunty sort of young woman at the poteen shop there.' 1843 Ld. Houghton Let. in T. W. Reid Life 1 . 292 His mind seems somewhat less flaunty. 1856 Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh 1. 872 While your common men..dust the flaunty carpets of the world For kings to walk on. 2 . Sc. 1 Capricious, eccentric, unsteady.’ (Jam.). 1821 Galt Annals Parish xx. 198 She was a flaunty woman and liked well to give a good-humoured jibe or jeer. Hence Flauntily adv., Flairntiness. 1830 Examiner 323/2 We like people to. .air their gaudiest pretensions bravely and flauntily. 1851 D. Jf.rkold St. Giles iii. 24 A woman flauntily dressed, .suddenly entered the shop. 1854 Blackw. Mag. LXXV. 434 Effeminacy of composition, and fiauntiness of colouring. Flaur, obs. Sc. form of Flavour. II Flantando (flaz/tamck?). A/us. [It.; pr. pple. of flautare to play the flute, f. flauto flute.] (See quot. 1S76.) 1825 in Danneley Encycl. Mus. 1876 Stainer & Barrf.tt Diet. Mus. Terms, Flautando, fldutato (It.), like a flute ; a direction to produce the flageolet tones on the violin, &c. II Flautino (flawtrnt?). Mus. [It.; dim. of flauio flute.] a. A small flute, piccolo, or flageolet, b. A small accordion, c. = Flautando. d. An organ flute-stop. 1724 Expl. Foreign Words Mus. 31 Flautino , a little or small Flute .. like what we call a Sixth Flute, or an Octave Flute. 1825 Danneley Encycl. Mus., Flautino.. also denotes a species of tone which is produced by a peculiar method of bowing on the violin or violoncello. 1852 Seidel Organ 97 Flautino .. stands in the third manual of the new organ in St. Peter’s, at Petersburg. 1876 Stainer & Barrett Diet. Mus. Terms, Flautino, an instrument of the accordion kind. Flautist (flu tist). AIus. [ad. It. flautisla, f. flauto flute.] One who plays the flute, a flutist. i860 Hawthorne Marb. Faun x. (1883) 109 The flautist poured his breath in quick puffs of jollity. 1879 Stainer Music of Bible 80 The attitude will not strike a modem flautist as being either comfortable or convenient. II Flauto (flawto). Mus. [It.: see Flute sb.'] A flute; used also as a name for several organ-stops. 1724 Expl. Foreign Words Mus. 31 Flauto is a Flute. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Snpp., Flauto.. is used to denote a flute or the part to be played by that instrument. Flauto trasverso. .a German flute. 1825 Danneley Encycl. Mus., Flauto dolce, see Flute a bee. Flauto piccolo, an octave flute. Flauto traverso , a traverse, or German flute. 1876 Stainer & Barrett Diet. Mus. Terms, Flauto amabilc, an organ stop consisting of sweet-toned closed, or some¬ times open, pipes. It is generally of 4 ft. pitch. II Flautone (flawt^-n^). Mus. [It. ; augmenta¬ tive of flauto flute.] (See quot. 1825.) 1825 Danneley Encycl. Mus., Flautone, an organ-stop of sixteen, and eight feet, stopt, and made of wood. 1876 in Stainer & Barrett Diet. Mus. Terms s. v. Flute. Flavaniline (fte'vse'nitain). Chem. [f. L. flavins yellow + Aniline.] (See quot. 1889.) 1882 Athenaeum No. 2859. 211 [Herren Fischer and Rudolph reported its discovery to the Berlin Chemical Society.] 1889 Roscoe & Schorlemmer Chem. III. iii. 238 When acetanilide is heated with zinc chloride for several hours to 250-260°, Flavaniline CgHu^ClH, a beautiful yellow colouring matter, is obtained. t Flave, a- Obs. rare — 1 , [ad. L .Jlav-us. Cf. OY.Jlave (Pare).] Yellow. 1657 Tomlinson Rcnon's Disp. 504 The green .. and flave part also of the flower. Flaver, obs. form of Flavour v. + Fla-veseate, v. Obs. rare- 1 , [irreg. f. L.Jldv- esc-ere (see next) + -ate 3 .] iratts. To make yellow. 1657 Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 370 Art. .flavescates the red, and changes many colours. Flavescent (fltf've'sent), a. [ad. L . Jldvescent- em, pr. pple. of flavescere to become yellow, f. Jlav-us yellow.] Turning a pale yellow, yellowish. 1853 > n Gray Bot. Text-bk. (ed. 4) cited in Worcester ( i860). 1871 W. A. Leighton Lichen-Flora 46 Spores., colourless or flavescent. FLAVICANT 302 FLAW. Flavicant (fl^'vikant), a. [f. 'L. flav-us yellow, after the analogy of Albicant.] Verging on yellow, yellowish. 1871 W. A. Leighton Lichen-Flora 37 Thallus various in colour, white, .flavicant. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. + Flavicomous, a. Obs — 0 [f. L. flavicom-us {f. flav-us yellow + coma hair: see Coma -) + -ous.] Having yellow hair. 1727 in Bailey vol. II ; whence in mod. Diets. Flavid (fliTvid), a. [ad. L.flavid-us, f. fldvus yellow.] Yellowish, tawny. 1762 Falconer Shifiivr. i. 169 No snowy breasts the flavid nymphs adorn. Flavido- (fl^'vidu), used as combining form of L .flavidus ; in Natural History descriptions occas. prefixed to other adjs. to indicate a yellowish tint. 1871 W. A. Leighton Lichen-Flora 41 C[alicinni\ tric/iiale, Ach. flavido-cinerascent. Ibid. 88 A[lectoria] cana , Ach. pallido-canescent or pale flavido-rufescent. Flavin (flavin). Client. Formerly also flavine, [f. L. flav-us yellow + -in.] A yellow dye-stuff prepared from quercitron bark. 1853 Napier A rt Dyeing 344 Flavine. 1864 Watts Diet. Chon. II. 655 Flavin. 1886 Encycl. Brit. XX. 175/2 From 100 parts of quercitron about 85 of flavin are obtained, having a tinctorial power more than twice that of the original bark. Flavindin (fkwrndin). Client, [f. as prec. + Indin.] (See quot.) 1854 Thomson Cycl. Chem ., Flavindine. 1864 Watts Diet. Chem. II. 655 Flavindin , a substance apparently isomeric with indin and indigo-blue. Flavo- used as comb, form of L .flav-us yellow, indicating the presence of a yellow tint. 1 . Bot. and Entom . (Prefixed to other adjs.) 1816 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1828) II. xix. 125 note, The abdomen is covered with longish flavo-pallid hairs. 1847 J. Hardy in Proc . Berzv. Nat. Club II. No. 5. 257 Legs dilute-flavo-testaceous. 1871 W. A. Leighton Lichen- Flora 38 Thallus .. yellow or flavo-virescent. 2 . Chem. Used in the names of various com¬ pounds; as flavo-cobalt (whence flavo-cobaltic), flavo-phenin, flavo-purpurin. 1879 Watts Diet. Chon. 3rd Suppl. 1. in Flavopurpurin is easily soluble in alcohol, and crystallises therefrom in golden-yellow needles. Ibid. 544 The so-called favocobalt. 1889 Roscoe & Schorlemmer Chem. II. ii. 139 The Flavo- cobaltic Salts may be considered as roseo-cobalt compounds in which two-thirds of the acid radical is replaced by nitroxyl. Flavor OUS wares), a. Also flavourous. [f. next + -ous : cf. humorous.'] 1 . Full of flavour; pleasing to the taste and smell, savoury; ‘ fragrant, odorous* (J.). 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, il 326 Fruits, declin’d From their first flav’rous Taste. 1725 Pope Odyss. 11. 386 Pure flav’rous wine. 1819 H. Busk Tea 136 The flavorous drop Affection’s hand instils. 1847 Blackzv. l\Iag. LXII. 609 The addition to the daily stew of a bird or beast unusually flavorous. Jig. 1740 A. Hill Let. in A. L. Barbauld Richardson's Life < 5 * Corr. (1804) I. 50 Sheath the two contraries in a flavorous and spirited smoothness. 1888 P. Cushing Black¬ smith ofVoc II. iv. 98 Women found something unusually flavorous in this piece of gossip. 2 . fig. Having a flavour of. rare — 1 . 1885 G. S. Merriam Life S. Bo^ules I. ii. 14 Ancient villages, flavorous of the olden time. Flavour, flavor(fl^'vsi), sb. Forms: a. 4- flavor, 5 Sc. flewoure, 5- flavour. / 3 . 6 AV. fleoure, fleure, fleowre, fleware, -ere, 8 Sc. flaw. [app. an adoption of OF. flaur, fleiur, *Jlaor,fraor smell. The euphonic v of the a forms cannot be proved to have existed in OF. (the OF. form Jlaveur alleged by Roquefort being unauthenti¬ cated) ; the analogy of OF. emblavcr for earlier emblaer, povoir (mod. pouvoir) for earlier pooir, is open to question. Possibly the word may have undergone assimilation to savour. The OF. forms cited above are treated by Godef. as variants of flairor :—vulgar L *frdg{r)orem (cf. \t.fragorc), f. frdgrdre (see F ragrant) ; but some scholars refer them to a Lat. type 'flatorem, f. plat- ppl. stem of fld.ro to blow. With regard to the use of -our or -or, see Favour.] 1 . A smell, odour. In mod. use with more limited sense (cf. 2): A more or less subtle admixture or accompanying trace of a particular odour; an ol¬ factory suggestion of the presence of some particular ingredient; an aroma. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. A. 87 So frech flauorez of frytez were, As fode hit con me fayre refete, c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. m ix. xxvi. 107 Of }?at Rute \>q kynd Flewoure, As Flouris havand, J>at Sawoure He had. c 1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. 66 The Foxe the flewer of the fresh Herring feils. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 183/1 A flauour like a smoke of frankencence smellyng so swete. 1513 Douglas AEncis vii. ii. 134 Ane Strang flewir thrawis wp in the air. 1542 Boorde Dyetary viii. (1870) 246 Stand or syt a good waye of from the fyre, takyinge the flauour of it. 1568 Skeyne The Pest (i860) 18 Fleure of stank or corrupt reueir. 1606 Birnie Kirk-Buriall (1833) 26 To avoyd the deads flewer, they were constrained to bury abroad. 1667 Dryden State Innoc. 111. i, Myrtle, Orange, and the blushing Rose..Each seems to smell the flavor which the other blows. 1781 J. Moore View Soc. It. (1790) L xxiii. 266 The body, .is said to emit a very agreeable.. flavour. 1843 James Forest Days ii, Spill a drop [of ale] on the floor, to give a new flavour to the room. 1870 Dickens E. Drood iii, A. .city, deriving an earthy flavour throughout from its cathedral crypt. 2 . The element in the taste of a substance which depends on the co-operation of the sense of smell; a more or less subtle peculiarity of taste distinguish¬ ing a substance from others ; a touch or slight admixture of a particular kind of taste; a savour. Milton’s use of flavour in the first quot., where he ap¬ parently distinguishes it both from taste and smell , has given rise to a conjecture that the sense is that of L. flavor yellowness (a correctly formed word, though without classical authority). Possibly a recollection of the text ‘ Ne intuearis vinum quando flavescit ' (Prov. xxiii. 31) led Milton to use the word in what he may have imagined to be its etymological sense. But it is not certain that he did not mean it simply in sense 2. [1671 Milton Samson 544 Desire of wine .. Thou couldst repress; nor did the dancing Rubie .. the flavor, or the smell, Or taste .. Allure thee.] 1697 Congreve Juvenal Sat. xi. 32 If brought from far, it [Fish] very dear has cost, It has a Flavour then, which pleases most. 1712 Addison Sped. No. 409 s* 2 That Sensitive Taste, which gives us a Relish of every different Flavour that affects the Palate. 1745 P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 331 White [Cape Wine] .. if kept two years, has much the Flavor of Canary. 1789 Mrs. Piozzi Joum. France II. 372 Oak .. smoke gives the peculiar flavour to that bacon. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 419, I have seldom observed the wine to have any very sensible flavour,— meaning, by flavour, tfyat compound sensation of smell and taste which characterises the finer kinds of wines. 3 . fig. (of 1 and 2). + a. ‘ Fragrance ’ (ofrenown) (obs.). b. An undefinable characteristic quality instinctively apprehended, c. Piquancy, zest. c 1449 Pecock Repr. 1. xvi. 90 He schulde thanne haue .. more noble flaouur of digne fame. 1699 Pomfret Poems (1724) 44 The soft Reflections .. leave a grateful Flavour in my Breast. 1866 Carlyle in Glasg. Weekly Her. 15 June (1883) 1/7 Happy is he (still more is she) who has got to know a Bad Book by the very flavour. 1874 Mahaffy Soc. Life Greece viii. 244 A certain aristocratic flavour must have ever dwelt about the Athenian. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 338 They have lost the flavour of Socratic irony in the narrative of Xenophon. 1876 Trevelyan Macaulay II. xiv. 399 The hospitality at Holly Lodge had about it a flavour of pleasant peculiarity. 4 . = Flavouring 2. 1785 T rusler Mod. Times II. 82 Three fourths of the white wine drank in this kingdom are compositions put together here, and made palatable by a liquor they call flavour. Flavour (fl^*voi), v. Alsobflaver. [f.prec.sb.] Tl. ifttr. To be odorous, savour, smell. Obs. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. viii. 16 Wyth Spycery welle savorand, And of kynd welle flevorand Dat ilke Hart.. Scho bawmyd. 2 . To give flavour, taste, or scent to; to season ; in first quot. + to make to ‘smell’ warm. 1542 Boorde Dyetary viii. (1870) 248 Flauer the insyde of them [hosen] agaynst the fyre. 1730-6 in Bailey (folio). 1830 M. Donovan Dom. Econ. I. 23 Some of their wines were flavoured with a kind of pitch. 1873 Tristram Moab xiii. 241 The water only slightly flavoured our tea. fig. 1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect I. 66 Oaths .. flavoured every third sentence that was uttered on board ship. 3 . To try the flavour of; to taste, rare — 1 . 1823 Lamb Lett . (1888) II. 87 Yours is the delicatest .. melting piece I ever flavoured. Flavoured (fl^vaid), ppl. a. ff. Flavour sb. and v. + -ed.] a. Mixed with some ingredient used to impart a flavour, b. Having flavour; chiefly, having a specified flavour, indicated by some defining word as ill-, well-, orange-, vanilla-, etc. flavoured. 1740 Dyer Ruins of Rome 498 High testaceous Food And flavour’d Chian Wines, a 1764 Dodsley Agric. 11, Herbs, or flavour’d fruits. 1867 * Guila ’ Invalid's Ck. xli. (ed. 3) 23 Well-flavoured gravy [may be] poured over them. Ibid. xlv. 25 Any nicely-flavoured mince-meat. Mod. Vanilla-flavoured chocolate. fig. 1789 Gouv. Morris in Sparks Life <$• Writ. (1832) I. 301 Her conversation is better flavored than her tea. Flavourer (fl^’varei). [f. Flavour v. + -er 1.] Something used to impart flavour; a flavouring. 1884 P. Browne in Girls' Own Paper Jan. 155/3 Fib up the stock-pot. .with half the original quantity of vegetables and flavourers. 1886 A. H. Church Food Grains Ind. 174 Condiments, spices, and flavourers. Flavouri-ferous, a. nonce-wd. [f. Flavour .rA +-(i)ferous.] Bearing flavour; fragrant. a 1774 Fergusson Canongate Playhouse 24 With flavour- iferous sweets shall chace away The pestilential fumes of vulgar cits. Flavouring (fte i- vsriq), vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ING 1 .] 1 . The action of the vb. Flavour (see Flavour v. 2); also at/rib., as jiavouring-csscnce, -purpose. 1845 Cooley Cycl. Pract. Receipts (ed. 2) s.v. Essence of Soup Herbs, A superior flavouring essence for soups, &c. 1867 ‘Guila’ Invalid's Ck. i. (ed. 3) 2 Celery seeds .. are a capital aid in flavouring. 1892 Pall Mall G. 5 Oct. 7/2 The liquor, .which is to be used for flavouring purposes. 2 . concr. Something used for giving flavour to food or drink. 1845 Cooley Cycl. Pract. Receipts (ed. 2) s. v. Essence , The essences used as perfumes and flavouring. 1887 L. Oliphant Episodes 150 Sauces and flavourings. fg- 1888 Athenaeum 11 Aug. 181/3 The modern ‘romantic ballad’ too often produces the effect of having been made to order .. with .. an orthodox flavouring of ejaculatory irrele¬ vance in italics. Flavourless (fl^’vailes), a. [f. Flavour sb. + -less.] Without flavour. x 73°-6 in Bailey (folio). 1775 in Ash. 1871 M. Collins Mrq. Merch. I. viii. 264 [He] sat disconsolately down to the .. flavourless soup. 1883 Century Mag. XXVI. 813 Being flavorless in comparison with those grown in Europe. b. fig. (cf. Flavour sb. 3;. 1861 Holland Less. Life iii. 45 A life .. by the side of which the life of childhood is as flavorless, .as that of a fly. 1883 Froude Short Stud. Ser. iv. 184 To the many they seem flavourless and colourless. Hence Plavourlessness, the state or condition of being without flavour ; in quot .fig. 1865 Pall Mall G. 23 Sept. 3/1 Something of flavourless¬ ness .. must mark a man who can represent a composite public opinion. Flavoursome a. [f. as prec. + -some.] Full of flavour. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xvi. (1856) 130 These little Guillemots .. are very., juicy.. and flavorsome. 1863 Pil¬ grimage over Prairies II. 273 Whether..dog mutton ain’t as flavoursome as hoss beef. fig. 1866 Ch. $ State Rev. 3 Aug. 488 Versification.. lacking . .that flavoursome roughness which is the almost inevitable accompaniment of vigour. Fla’voury. a. [f. as prec. + -y 1 .] =prec. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. 1892 Daily News 12 Dec. 7/6 Advt., Samples of. .Tea. .full and flavory in the cup. FlavOUS (fl£ 1- v3s), a. [f. L. fldv-us yellow + -ous.] Yellow. 1666 J. Smith Old Age (ed. 2) 219 The Membrane it self is somewhat of a flavous Colour. 1846 in Buchanan Tcchnol. Did. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. Flaw (fl§), sb . 1 Forms : 4 flay, 4-7 fiawe, (6 flaa), 4- flaw. [Perh. a. ON . flaga wk. fern., re¬ corded in sense ‘ slab of stone ’ (Sw, flaga flake, also flaw in a casting, etc.; Da. flage may corre¬ spond either to this word or to Flake sb.' 1 , q.v.). The ON. word may have been used in wider senses derived from the various applications of the Teut. root flail -, flag - parallel and synonymous with flak- whence Flake sb . 2 ; the close resemblance in sense between flaw and flake is noteworthy. It is possible that an OE. flage, flagu existed.] I. A detached piece of something. + 1 . A flake (of snow) ; a flake or spark (of fire). Obs. (Cf. Flake sb . 2 1, 2.) c 1325 Gloss W.de Biblesw. in Wright Voc. 160 La Louche me entra la aunf de neyf [gloss a flay of snow]. ?^i4oo Morte Arth. 2556 pe flawes of fyre flawmes one theire helmes. a 1400-50 Alexander 1756 Ri3t as a flaw of fell snawe ware fallyn of a ryft. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. i. 78 Sternys.. Wes sene, as fiawys of fyre brynnand. 1483 Cath. Aitgl. 133/1 A flawe of fire. 1513 Douglas AEiieis vii. ii. 112 Hir crownell .. Infyrit all of byrnand flawis schane. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, iv. iv. 35 As sudden, As Flawes congealed in the Spring of day. 2 . A fragment; spec. Sc. ‘ the point of a horscnail broken off by the smith after it has passed through the hoof’ (Jam.). Hence in Not worth a flaw. (Cf. P'lake sb . 2 3.) Obs. exc. Sc. 1605 Shaks. Lear 11. iv. 288 But this heart shal break into a hundred thousand flawes. 1607 Topsell Four-f Beasts 415 It will ranckle worse, by reason of the flaw of yron remaining in the flesh. 1810 J. Sim Dcil <$• M'Ommie in Harp Pert-hsh. (1893) 96 Your reasons are no worth a flaw. 3 . (Cf. Flake sb . 2 4, 5, and Flag sb . 2 1,2.) a. A turf, or collect. turf. A flaw of peats', the quantity got in a season. 1811 A. Scott Poems 161 (Jam.) A lusty whid About what flaws o’ peats they’ve casten, and sae gude. 1836 Richard¬ son, Sods flayed or stripped from the top of the surface of the earth are in the North called ‘ flaws’. + b. A slab or layer of stone. Obs. 1570-6 Lambarde Pcramb. Kent (1826) 151 [An alleged Saxon flosiane] signifieth a rocke, coast, or flaw of stone. II. A breach, broken or faulty place. 4 . A crack, breach, fissure, rent, rift. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 79 Though the Vessell were whole, without any Flaw. 1685 Dryden Thren. A ugust. i. 31 If .. with a mighty Flaw the flaming wall, Shou’d gape immense. a 1700 B. E. Did. Cant. Crew, Flaw , a water-flaw and a crack in Chrystals. 1712-4 Pope Rape Lock 11. 106 Or some frail China-jar receive a Flaw, a 1745 Swift (J.), He that would keep his house in repair, must attend every little breach or flaw. 1764 Burn Poor Laws 236 Where a flaw is observed [in their apparel], a patch is provided for it. 1842 Longk. Sp. Stud. iii. vi, The merest flaw that dents the horizon’s edge, i860 Tyndall Glac. 11. xxiv. 355 On the closest examination no flaw is exhibited by the ice. fg. 1606 Shaks. Ant. <$• Cl. in. xii. 34 Obserue how Anthony becomes his flaw. 1615 Wither Sheph. Hunt iii. Juvenilia (1633) 412 When to my minde griefe gives a flaw Best comforts doe but make my woes more fell. 1644 Milton Divorce To Pari., He will soder up the shifting flaws of his unjust permissions, a 1862 Buckle Civiliz. (i86p) III. v. 480 He has to be called in to alter the working of his own machine, .to fill up its flaws. •j- b. 4 A disease in which the skin recedes from the nail’ {Cent. Bid.). Obs. In the quots. white faw seems to be a perversion of Quickflaw; see also Whitlow. 1579 Langham Gard. Health. (1633) 52 Rapes are good for white flawes, and such like diseases of the nailes. 1580 Baret Alv. F 669 A white flawe, rediuia. 5 . A defect, imperfection, fault, blemish, a. in material things. 1604 Dekker Honest Wh. x. G iij a, I warrant they are sound pistols, and without flawes. a 1680 Butler Rem. FLAW. 303 FLAX. (1759) I- 39 1 Thou hast a Crack, Flaw, soft Place in thy Skull. 1684 R. H. Sch. Recreat. 149 The best sound Cork without Flaws or Holes. 1713 Steele Guardian No. 16 r 5 The smallest blemish in it, like a flaw in a jewel, takes off the whole value of it. 1801 Wolcott (P. Pindar) Tears «$• Smiles Wks. 1812 V. 14 Grieve so fair a Diamond holds a flaw. 1869 J. J. Ravf.n Ch. Bells Comb. (1881) 2 The bell was never good for anything, from the number of flaws in the casting. 1882 Ouida Maremma I. 67 Grew..with¬ out a flaw anywhere, in feature, or limb, or body. b. in immaterial things, and fig. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary (1625) 75 There is .. but one .. slender flaw in the touchstone of thy reputation. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. v. ii. 415 My loue to thee is sound sans cracke or flaw. 1625 Bacon Ess., Riches (Arb.) 237 Vsury is the certainest Meanes of Gaine. .But yet it hath Flawes. 1667 Poole Dial. betw. P?-otest. <$* Papist (1735) 46 There is a Flaw in the very Foundation of your Argument. 1705 Berkeley Commonpl. Bk. Wks. 1871 IV. 455 They discover flaws and imperfections in their faculties. 1772 Priestley Inst. Relig. (1782) II. 291 We should have thought [it] a considerable flaw in their characters. 1840 Thjrlwall Greece VII. lvi. 146 No flaw was ever detected in his reckonings. 1855C. Bronte Villette i. 2 He inherited, .her health without a flaw. c. esp. In a legal document or procedure, a pedigree, title, etc.: An invalidating defect or fault. 1616 R. C. Times' Whistle v. 2049 The lease, that hath noe flawe, For a whole hundred yeares is good in lawe. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 448 Some flaw or other must be found in his Relations and Pedigree. ^1715 Burnet Own Time (1766) II. 194 A Prince who knew there was a flaw in bis title would always govern well. 1848 Dickens Dombey ii, There seemed to be no flaw in the title of Polly Toodle. 1883 Sir T. Martin Ld. Lyndhurst iv. 116 The evidence [was] clear, and a flaw in the indictment was the only chance of escape. d. A failure in duty; a shortcoming in conduct, a fault. 1742 Young Nt. Th. v. 142 Each salutation may slide in a sin Unthought before, or fix a former flaw. 1781 Covvper Truth 550 Life for obedience, death for every flaw. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xxxvi, That will not only cure spiritual flaws, but make us friends with the Church again. 6 . Sc. A ‘ fib falsehood. 1724 Ramsay Gent. Sheph. 11. iii, I shall tell ye a’ That ilk ane talks about you, but a flaw. 1788 E. Picken Auld Harry's Elegy 16 Poems 118 They taul sic flaws, An’ wantet to mak' black o’ white, Without a cause. 7 . Comb., as flaw-seeking adj. 1844 Lowell Love 25 Not with flaw-seeking eyes like needle-points. Flaw (fl§), sbC* [Not found until i6thc. ; pos¬ sibly '.—Q'Efflagu = MDu.vldghe(T)i\.vlaag), MLG. vlage,Sw.flaga, of same meaning; the primary sense may be ‘ stroke’ (Aryan root *plak-: see Flay v.)i] 1 . A sudden burst or squall of wind; a sudden blast or gust, usually of short duration. 1513 Douglas AEneis vii. Prol. 49 Flaggis of fyir, and mony felloun flawe. 1526 Tindale Acts xxvii. 14 A flawe off wynde out of the northeste. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay s Voy. 1. xi. 13 Within a moment arose .. a sodain Borasque or Flaa. 1628 Digby Voy. Medit. (1868) 51 Towardes night .. wind, .came vncertainely and by flawes. 1674 Josselyn Voy. New Eng. 54 We have upon our Coast in England a Michaelmas flaw, that seldom fails. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 128 It blew .. not only by squalls and sudden flaws but a settled terrible tempest. 1809 W. Irving Knickerb. vi. ix. (1849) 379 [He] was knocked overboard by the boom of a sloop in a flaw of wind. 1839 Longf. Wreck Hesperus iii, He . .watched how the veering flaw did blow The smoke, now West now South. 1881 Scribner sMonthly XXII. 530/1 The playful breeze freshens in flaws. fig- . x 5^7 Turberv. Louer to Cupid Epitaphes (1867) 85 Dispaire that grewe by frowarde fortunes flawes. 1590 Nashe PasquiL's Apol. 7 The Church is ouertaken with such a flawe, that [etc.]. 1840 Marryat Olla Podr. III. 24 He would flounder and diverge away right and left, just as the flaws of ideas came into his head. 1863 Mrs. C. Clarke Shaks. Char. xv. 375 Flatterers who shroud them¬ selves from the first flaw of adversity that rocks the struc¬ ture. b. A fall of rain or snow accompanied by gusty winds ; a short spell of rough weather. 1791 Statist. Acc. Scot. I. 422 The falls of snow, which generally happen in March all over Great Britain, is in this neighbourhood called St. Causnan’s Flaw. 1830 Scott Jrnl. 7 July, 1 rather like a flaw of weather. 1892 Steven¬ son A cross the Plains 209 The flaws of fine weather, which we pathetically call our summer. Ibid. 212 Scouring flaws of rain. t 2 . fig. A sudden rush or onset; a burst of feeling or passion ; a sudden uproar or tumult. Obs. 1596 Spenser F. Q. v. v. 6 She at the first encounter on him ran .. But he .. from that first flaw him selfe right well defended. 1605 Shaks. Macb. iii. iv. 63 O, these flawes and starts .. would well become A womans story. 1676 Dryden Aurengz. v. i, And deluges of armies from the town Came pouring in; I heard the mighty Flaw When first it broke. % 3 . Used as rendering of F .JUau scourge. 148! Caxton Godfrey 33 Suffred a grete flawe to come in to the contre, for to chastyse the peple. 4 . Comb, as flaw-blown adj.; also, '("flaw-flower, a name for Anemone Pulsatilla. 1820 Keats Eve St. Agnes xxxvii, Quick pattereth the *flaw-blown sleet. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 11. lxxiii. § 3. 309 Passe flower is called .. after the Latin name Pulsatill , or * Flawe flower. t Flaw, a. Obs.— 1 [?ad. L .fidvus.] ? Yellow. (So in glossaries, but the meaning is doubtful.) c 1450 Crt. of Love 782 Lily forehede had this creature, With liveliche browes, flaw, of colour pure. Flaw (fly N , w. 1 [f. Flaw .t/G] 1 . trans. To make a flaw or crack in ; to crack ; to damage by a crack or fissure ; to cause a defect in, mar. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 34 The blunt end .. seemed irre¬ gularly flawed with divers clefts. 1676 Phil. Trans. XI. 755 That stuns the Diamond and so flaws it. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, in. 558 The Brazen Cauldrons with the Frost are flaw’d. 1794 Sullivan View Nat. I. 362 [Glass] being reduced to powder, or otherwise flawed. 1800 Howard in Phil. Trans. XC. 208 The breech .. was torn open and flawed in many directions. 1854 Dickens Hard T. 131 They fell to pieces with such ease that you might suspect them of having been flawed before. b. with immaterial object, or fig. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII, 1. i. 95 France hath flaw’d the League. Ibid. 1. ii. 21 Which hath flaw’d the heart Of all their Loyalties. 1638 Ford Lady's Trial 11. ii, He an¬ swer’d, My worship needed not to flaw his right. 1852 Thackeray Esmond 1. vii. (r869) 67 It must be owned .. that she had a fault of character that flawed her per¬ fections. 1887 Swinburne Locrine 1. ii. 178 Have I not sinned already—flawed my faith ? J c. To flaw off\ to break off in c flaws ’ or small pieces. Obs. Cf. to flake off. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 98 By looking on the surface of a piece newly flaw’d off. + d. slang. To make drunk. Obs. 1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 168 He that is flawed in the Company before the rest, a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Flaw'd , drunk. 1725 in New Cant. Diet. 2 . intr. To become cracked, f Also, to break off in flakes or small pieces (obs,). 1648 Herrick Hesper. (1869) 68 This round Is no where found To flaw. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 33 Those that flaw’d off in large pieces were prettily branched. 1691 T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. 103 It hath crack'd, flaw’d, and rose in ridges. _ 1774 Projects in Ann. Reg. 112/1 No less fit for the inside of buildings, than tenacious and incapable of cracking or flawing. 1831 Landor Count Julian Wks. 1846 II. 514 The original clay of coarse mortality Hardens and flaws around her. 1857 P* Colquhoun Comp. Oarsman s Guide 9 Elm is very apt to flaw and splinter short in the Ians. 3 . Sc. To lie or fib. Cf. Flaw sb A 6. 1724 Ramsay Gent. Sheph. 11. i, But dinna flaw, Tell o’er your news again, and swear till’t a’. Flaw (fig), v . 2 [f. Flaw sb.-"] a. intr. Of the wind : To blow in gusts, b. trans. To ruffle as a flaw of wind does. rare. 1805 Flinders in Phil. Trans. XCVI. 245 The wind .. flawing from one side and the other. 1891 Stevenson South Seas 11. xvi. in Age (Melbourne) 20 June 4/3 Long catspaws flawed the face of the lagoon. Flaw, obs. or dial, form of Flay. Flawe(n, obs. pa. pple. of Flay. Flawed (flpd), ppl. a. [f. Flaw v. 4- -ed 1 .] In senses of the vb.: a. of material things; b. of immaterial things. a. 1632 Shirley Ball iv. iii, What wise gamester Will venture a hundred pounds to a flaw'd sixpence? 1665 Hooke Microgr. 6 Appearing white, like flaw’d Horn or Glass. 1891 E. W. Gosse Gossip in Library xvii. 219 [He] made his pictures of real life appear like scenes looked at through flawed glass. b. 1605 Shaks. Lear v. iii. 196 But his flaw'd heart .. Twixt two extremes of passion, ioy and greefe, Burst smilingly. 1767 Warburton Serm. 1 Cor. xiii. 13 A flawed and faulty heart. 1851 Thackeray Eng. Hum. v. (1876) 320 A hero with a flawed reputation. + Flaw*er. Obs.— 1 [f. Flaw z;. 2 + -er 1 .] = Flaw sb. 2 1737 Stackhouse Hist. Bible (1767) VI. vm. v. 417 note. Storms, commonly called Michaelmas flawers, at that time of the year make sailing, .dangerous. Flawful (flp-ful), a. [f. Flaw sb. + - ful.] Full of flaws or defects. 1881 Furnivall Let. 24 Nov., You American girls .. insist on all us flawful men .. being as good and flawless as you are. 1893 Daily News 29 Mar. 5/2 Few persons have left flawless poems, but Vaughan’s are particularly flawful. Flawless (flg’les), a. [f. as prec. + -less.] Free from flaws ; without a crack, defect, or im¬ perfection. 1648 Boyle Seraph. Love iii. (1700) 20 Devotion is like a flawless Diamond. 1755 in Johnson. 1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. IV. v. viii. § 18 The sea. .is as unsullied as a flawless emerald. 1865 Pall Mall G. 22 Apr. 11 Reynolds was almost flawless. 1884 Symonds Shaks. Predecessors ix. 361 Flawless poetry. Hence Flaw lessly adv., Flaw lessness. 1884 Princetown Rev. July 78 We know her to be good and flawlessly pure. 1888 Sat. Rev. 22 Sept. 340/2 The strength and flawlessness of the reins. 1890 I. D. Hardy New Othello I. viii. 184 May was flawlessly fair. Flawn (flgn). Obs. exc. arch. Forms: 3-7, 9 flaun(e, (4 flaunne), 5-7 flawn(e, 8-9 flawn. [a. OF. Jlaon (Fr. flan) of same meaning:—early med.L. fladon-em (It. fiadone honeycomb),a. OHG. Jiado flat cake (MHG. vlade, mod.Ger. fladen) = Du. vlade, via pancake:—WGer. *fla)on- (see Flathe) : by many scholars regarded as cognate with Gr. irXdOavov cake-mould, tiXcitvs broad.] A kind of custard or cheese-cake, made in various ways. Also, a pancake. Prov. As flat as a flawn. c 1300 Havelok 644 Pastees and flaunes. 1 c 1390 Form oj Cury (1780) 74 Take hony clarified and flaunne. c 1400 Rout. Rose 7044 With tartes, or .. With deynte flawnes, brode and flat, c 1440 Anc. Cookery in Househ. Ord. (1790) 452 A flaune of Almayne. 1376 Turberv. Venerie 188 Master Raynard will be content with butter, cheese, creame, flaunes, and custardes. 1681W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 470, I love such dinners as Milkmeats, Flawns, Custards, Cheesecakes. 1721-1800 Hailey s. v. , As flat as a Flawn. 1820 Scott Abbot xxxiii, He that is hanged in May will eat no flaunes in Midsummer. 1840 Barham Ingot. Leg., Jackd. Rheims , The flawns and the custards had all disappear’d. b. transf. of a flat cap. 1602 Dekker Satiro-mastix H iv, Cast off that blew coate, away with that flawne. Flawy (fig'i), a. [f. Flaw sb . 1 and 2 + -t L] 1 . Full of flaws or defects. 1712 W. Derham in Phil. Trans. XXVII. 479 Those Trees are become cracked, and very flawy within. 1755 in Johnson; and in mod. Diets. 2 . Coming in gusts ; gusty. 1828 in Webster. 1881 Scribner s Monthly XXII. 532 '2 Pushing the yacht, .is often required ill light, flawy wind. Flawyn, obs. pa. pple. of Flay. Flax (flecks), sb. Forms : 1 fleex, fleax, 1-5 flex, 4 south, vlexe, 4-6 flexe, 5-7 flaxe, (7 flacks), 4- flax. [Com. W.Ger.: OE. fleax = OFris. flax, OS. *flahs (MDit., Du., LG. Vlas'), OHG .flaks (MHG. vlahs, mod.G .flacks) OTeut. *flahso m str. neut.; commonly referred to the OTeut. root *fleh-,flah - to plait:—OAryan *plek-, plok-\ cf. Ger. flcch-ten, L. plec-tere, Gr. nXtic-av. Some think however that the root is flail- (:— OAryan *plak~) as in Flay v., the etymological notion being connected with the process of 1 strip¬ ping by which the fibre is prepared.] I. The plant. 1 . The plant Linum usitatissimum bearing blue flowers which are succeeded by pods containing the seeds commonly known as linseed. It is cultivated for its textile fibre and for its seeds. c 1000 ZElfric Exod. ix. 31 Witodlice eall hira flex and hira bernas weeron fordone. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvii. xcvii. (Tollem. MS.), Flexe growej? in euen stalkes, and berej? }elow floures or blewe. 1484 Caxton Fables of /Esop 1. xx, Whanne the flaxe was growen and pulled vp. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 39 b, Flax, .is called of the Northen men lynt. 1677 Yarranton Engl. Irnprov. 47 The Land there for Flax is very good, being rich and dry. 1794 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xvii. 240 Flax has also a corolla of five petals. 1869 H. Macmillan Bible Teach, iii. (1870) 49 The flax extracting from the earth the materials of those fibres which are to be woven into garments for us. 2 . With qualifying word prefixed, in the names of other species of Linum or of plants resembling the true flax, as dwarf-, fairy-, mountain-, purging, spurge-, toad-, wild flax : see quots., and the different words. a\g&7 Siuon. Barthol. (Anecd. Oxon.) 28 Liuaria, wilde flax. 1670 Ray Catal. Plant. 196 Linum arvense. .Common wild Flax. 1863 Prior Plant-n. 81 Dwarf-, or Purging-, or Fairy-Flax, Linum catharticum. 1878-86 Britten & Holland Plant-n. 187 Mountain Flax, (1) Linum cathar¬ ticum .. (2) Ery three a Centaurium . Ibid., Wild Flax, (ij Linaria vulgaris. (2) Cuscuta Epilinum. b. New Zealand Flax, Phormium tenax (also called flax-bush, -lily, -plant), a native of New Zealand, the leaves of which yield a textile fibre. 1846 Lindley Veg. Kingd. iv. 203 In New Zealand they [Lilyworts] are represented by the Phormium or Flaxbush. 1854 Golder Pigeons' Pari. Introd. 5, I had .. to pass the night .. under the shade of a flax-bush. 1870 Braim New Homes viii. 375 The native flax (phormium tenax) is fou/id in all parts of New Zealand. II. The fibre of flax. 3 . The fibres of the plant whether dressed or un¬ dressed. c 1325 Gloss W. de Biblesw. in Wright Voc. 156 Pik thi flax, c 1386 Chaucer Prol. 676 This pardoner hadde heer as yehve as wex, But smothe it heng, as doth a strike of flex, c 1483 Caxton Vocab. 18 The lynweuar, Weueth my lynnencloth Of threde of flaxe. 1530 Palsgr. 221/1 Flaxe redy to spynn e,fillace. 1601 Shaks. Twel. N. 1. iii. 108 It [haire] hangs like flax on a distaffe. 1666 Pepys Diary (1879) VI. 34 In the town did see an old man beating of flax. 1767 Warburton Serm. 1 Cor. xiii. 13 Human laws, like a thread of flax before a flame, vanish and disappear before popular commotions. 1825 J. Neal Bro. Jonathan III. 323 You broke away from us like the Philistine from the un¬ twisted flax. fig. 1533 More Debell. Salem v. Wks. 940/2 He spinneth that fyne lye with flex, fetchinge it out of his owne body as the spider spynneth her cobwebbe. b. pi. Different sorts or qualities of flax. 1886 Daily News 6 Sept. 2/4 There is a brisk inquiry for tows, hemps, and flaxes. + 4 . Asa material of which a candle or lamp wick is made ; the wick itself. Obs. c 975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. xii. 20 Flaex vcl lin smikende ne adwaescet. c 1380 Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 189 Preestis of the chirche, ]?a.t smokiden bi pride as brent flex. 1529 More Comf agst. Trib. 11. Wks. 1200/1 It is a thing right hard, .to put flexe vnto fyre, & yet kepe them [the fingers] fro burning. 1560 Bible [Genev.) Isa. xiii. 3 The smoking flax shall he not quench. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, v. ii. 55 Beautie .. Shall to my flaming wrath, he Oyle and Flax. 1632 Massinger & Field Fatal Dowry iv. i, He has made me smell for all the world like a flax or a red-headed woman’s chamber. 5 . A material resembling the fibres of the flax- plant or used for a like purpose. 1553 Eden Treat. Newe Did. (Arb.) 19 The flaxe whiche is lefte, they spinne agayne. 1624 Capt. Smith Virginia vi. 216 A kinde. .of Flax, wherewith they make Nets. FLAX. b. in the name of a variety of asbestos with flax¬ like fibres, as Earth-, Fossil-, Mountain-Flax, q. v. For Incombustible flax , see Asbestos 2. i860 Whittier Double-h. Snake 4 Whether he lurked in the Oldtown fen Or the gray earth-flax of the Devil’s Den. 6. Cloth made of flax ; linen. C897 K. TElfred Gregory's Past. xiv. 87 Of Saere eorftan cymeS 5 aet fleax, Det is be-tokned be Ipe huite ulexe. 1573 Baret A tv. F 643 That beareth or weareth flaxe or linnen. 1851 Mrs. R. Wilson New Zealand 23 His robe of glossy flax which loosely flows. 1872 A. Domett Ranolfv. iii. 93 In flowing vest of silky flax, undyed. III. attrib. and Comb. 7 . a. simple attrib. General relations (with or without hyphen), as flax-blade , \-bolle (see Boll sb . ] ), fibre, leaf \ plants stalk , stem , straw, + top. 1872 A. Domett Ranolf 1. v. 11 With *flax-blades binding to a tree the.Maid. £1325 Gloss IP. de Bibles'iv. in Wright Voc. 156 note, Boceans, *flaxbolles [printed filaxlolles.] 1875 lire's Diet. Arts 409 Attempts have been made to prepare *flax fibre without steeping. 1884 Bracken Lays of Maori 69 Zephyrs stirred the *flax leaves into tune. 1838 Penny Cycl. X. 305/1 The *flax plants are passed between these cylinders. 1875 Ure's Diet. Arts II. 400 The im¬ mersion of the *flax stems in water, i860 Ibid. II. 228 The sheaves of *flax-straw are placed erect in crates. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus. xxi. 10 A "flax top gedered togidere [Vulg. stuppa collecta ] the synagoge of synneres. b. Concerned with flax as a commercial product, as flax culture , -factory , - industry, -man, -merchant , - mill , - shop , -spindle, -tithe. 1875 Ure's Diet. Arts II. 455 Lands .. prepared for *flax culture. 1509 in Mkt. Harborongh Records 11890) 232 Ric’ Beale *Flaxman. 1799 A. Young Agric. Line. 197 Let it to flaxinen at ^3 or 1 4 per acre. 1807 Vancouver Agric. Devon (1813) 207 The flaxman only finditig seed, and agree¬ ing to have the field cleared by a given time. 1835 Ure Philos. Majinf. 221 The proprietors of many ^flax-mills. 1600 Sir John Oldcastle 1. iii, A man may make a *flax-shop in your chimnies, for any fire there is stirring. 1679 Bedloe Popish Plot 27 A Gentle-woman that kept a Flax-shop in the Minories. 1875 Ure's Diet. Arts II. 456 The steam- driven *flax-spindle. 1692 Rokeby Diary 18 Whether *Flax-tyth were small tythes or not. C. Made of flax, as flax canvas , - sandal , -thread. 1872 A. Domett Ranolf xx 1. ii. 378 His feet—with green flax-sandals shod. 1882 Caulfeild & Saward Diet. Needlework 210/1 Flax Canvas .. may be procured in various degrees of fineness and make. 1891 Daily News 8 Dec. 5/8 Flax-thread and spun stuffs. d. objective, as flax-dresser , - hackler , - spinner, + -swingler ; flax-cutting, - dressing, - growing, -spinning vbl. sbs. 1632 Sherwood, A *flax-dresser, liniere. 1894 H. Speight Nidderdale 304 As many as 800 flax-dressers. 1780 A. Young Tour Irel. I. 164 They next send it to a *flax- hackler. 1856 Farmer's Mag. Nov. 379 The severe trial the "flaxspinners experienced. 1838 Penny Cycl. X. 305/2 ■ Flax-spinning is now carried on with most success in .. Yorkshire. 1663 Canterbury Marriage Licences (MS.), Charles Abbot.. *flaxswingler. 8. Special comb.: flax-bird, (a) the North American goldfinch, Chrysomitris tristis ; ( b) US. * a book-name of the scarlet tanager, Piranga rubra ’ {Cent. Diet .); (c) dial, the common Whitethroat, Curruca cinerea ; + flax-box, a box to hold the flax or tow match for firing a caliver or match¬ lock ; flax-brake (see quot.); flax-breaker = prec.; flax-comb, an instrument for cleansing and straightening flax fibres, a flax-hackle; flax-cotton, cottonized flax ; + flax-finch ? some species of finch ; flax-hackle (see quot.); + flax-hoppe, a head or seed-pod of flax; flax-hurd, the coarse parts of flax, tow; flax-ripple (see quot.); flax- scutcher (see Scutcher) ; so flax-scutching vbl. sb.; flax-thrasher, a machine for beating out the seeds from the bolls of the flax-plant; flax-wench, -wife, -woman, a female flax-worker. 1822 Latham Hist. Birds V 1 .120 American Yellow Finch .. feeds on the seeds of flax, alder, &c., and is called in the back parts of Carolina, the *Flax Bird. 1576 Lane. Lieutenancy 1. 77 Six calliuers, fyve *flaxe boxes. 1688 R. Holme Armoury iii. iii. 48 A *Flax Brake is two pieces of Timber with Teeth made in them to bruse Flax stalks. 1889 Elvin Diet. Her., * Flax-breaker. 1611 Cotgr., Brosse .. a ^flax-combe, or hatched. 1755 Johnson, Flax- comb, the instrument with which the fibres of flax are cleansed from the brittle parts. 1851 Lowell Lett. (1894) I. 192 The * flax-cotton is a great thing. 1639 Horn & Rob. Gate Lang. Uni. xiv. § 153 The goldfinch, larke, nightingale .. and *flax-finch are singing birds. 1825 J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 402 The *flax-hackle is an instrument or tool constructed for the purpose of hackling or straightening the fibres of the flax. 14.. Poc. in Wr.- Wflicker 584/3 Folliculus, a *flexhoppe. 1614 Markham Cheap Husb. 11. iv. 93 A little Rozen melted together with *Flaxehurds. 1673 Phil. Trans. VIII. 6067 Lap the joynted place about with a little hemp or flax-hurds. 1880 Antrim S Do'wn Gloss., * Flax-ripple, a comb with large iron teeth through which flax is drawn, to remove the bolls or seeds. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 277 The first "flax-scutching mill. 1611 Shaks. IVint. T. 1. ii. 277 My Wife .. deserues a Name As ranke as any *Flax-Wench. 1591 Greene Disc. Coosnage (near end) How a *Flaxe wife [etc.]. 1611 Cotgr., Filandiere, a *Flaxe-woman. b. In the names of plants, as flax-bush, -lily (see sense 2 b); flax-dodder, Cuscuta Epilinum ; flax-tail, a dialect name of the reed-mace, Typha latifolia; flax-weed, Linaria vulgaris, toad-flax; 304 flax-worts, the name given by Lindley to the order Linacex. 1852 J. M. Wilson Farmers Diet. Agric., * Flax-dodder. 1861 Miss Pratt Flower. PI. V. 313 The Reed-mace is in Kent often called *Flax-tail. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 445 Tode flaxe is called of the herbaristes of our time, Linaria, or *Flaxweede. 1846 Lindley Peg. Kingd. vii. 485 Liuacca ?, *Flaxworts. Flax (flasks), a. rare E [f. prec.] Having the colour of flax ; flaxen. 1873 Miss Broughton Nancy 11 . 241, I have my flax hair built in many strange and differing fashions. Flax (flreks), v. [f. prec. sb.] 1 . I vans. To wrap in fine linen. rare~ 1 . i860 Reade Cloister II. IV. 368 And oh the sheets I lie in here. .Dives was ne’er so flaxed as I. 2 . US. a. trans. To beat; app. in allusion to the beating of flax. Cf. Flaxen v. b. intr. To flax round : to ‘ knock about,’ bestir oneself. 1866 Lowell Biglo7U P. Introd., I think .. to flax for to beat [is American]. 1884 Miss L. W. Baldwin Yank. Sch. Teacher in Virginia iv. 29 I’m goin’ to make some dried- apple fritters fr dinner, an’ you must flax roun’ an’ give me a lift. t Flaxed,///. a. Obs. [f. Flax sb. + -ed2.] = Flaxen. 1613-6 W. Browne Brit. Past. 1. iv. 82 Her flaxed hair crown’d with an Anadem. a 1687 Cotton Winter 28 The Cup-bearer Ganimed Has capp’d his frizled flaxed head. Flaxen (flse’ksen, flce’ks’n), a. and sb. Forms : 6 flaxan, 6, 8 flaxon, 7 flexen, -on, 6- flaxen, [f. Flax sb. + -en 4 .] A. adj. 1 . Consisting or made of flax. 1521 Bury Wills (1850) 119 Item a flaxan shet. 1597 1 stPt. Return fr. Parnass. 11. i. 700 He shall, .lie in a good flaxon sheete. 1601 Holland Pliny xix. i. 3 The toile made of Cumes Flaxen cords, are so strong, that the wild Bore falling into it, will bee caught. 1660 Blount Boscobel 41 His Majesty .. put off his course shirt and put on a flexen one. 1739 Sharp Surgery Intrcd. 52 The best Materials for making Ligatures are the Flaxen Thread that Shoe¬ makers use. 1825 J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 405 A patent for spinning a flaxen thread. 1876 Rock Text. Fabr. i. 6 Fine unmixed flaxen linen. 2. fa. ?Of the colour of the flax-flower; azure. 1603 Try all Chev. 11. iii. in Bullen O. PI. (1884) III. 315 Like Eagles they shall cut the flaxen ayre. b. Of the colour of dressed flax: chiefly in reference to the hair, f Flaxen wheat (see quots.). 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 34 Flaxen wheate hath a yelowe eare. 1602 Shaks. Ham. iv. v. 196 All Flaxen was his Pole. 1616 Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 551 That kind of Wheat which amongst the English is called Flaxen- wheat, being as white or whiter than the finest Flax. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. iii. ii. 11. ii. (1624) 376 Leland com¬ mends Guithera. .for a faire flaxen haire. 1720 Gay Poems (1745) I. 179 Nor is the flaxen wig with safety worn. 1810 Sporting Mag. XXXVI. 182 He [the sick horse] had a white mouth and a flaxen tongue. 1862 Miss Braddon Lady Audley i, That .. drooping head, with its wealth of showering flaxen curls. 3 . Of or pertaining to flax as a commercial pro¬ duct. 1707 Loud. Gaz. No. 4383/1 The Hempen and Flaxen Manufacture. 1757 Dyer Fleece iii. 369 Who tends the culture of the flaxen reed. 1875 Ure's Diet. Arts. II. 405 The flaxen trades of the United Kingdom. 4 . attrib. and Comb., as flaxen-haired, - headed\ -zuigged adjs. ; flaxen-egg {dial.), ‘ an abortive egg’(Halli well). 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. Contmw. 293 The people generally are.. "flaxen haired. 1863 I. Williams Baptistery I. vii. (1874) 84 An Angel .. Like a flaxen-haired child. f B. sb. Material made of flax; linen ; a linen- cloth. Obs. 1520 Lane. Wills II. 8 A bordecloth of flaxen to be an alter cloth. 1599 Nottingham Rec. IV. 250 One diaper table cloathe ; one of flaxen. 1672 J. Lacy Dumb Lady II. Dram. Wks. (1875) 44 I’ll see you byried in the flaxen your grandam spun herself. 1696 J F. Merchant's Ware-ho. 16 Flaxens. .made of the same Flax as the former. Flaxen (flecksen), v. dial. [Cf. Flax v. 2.] (See quot.) 1881 Leicestersh. Gloss., Flaxen, to beat, thrash. 1 Ah followed ’im up, an’ flaxened him well.’ Flaxenish (flarksenijj, a. rare. Also 7 flexinish. [f. Flaxen a. + -ish.] Somewhat flaxen. 1661 Peacham Cornpl. Gent. 167 A dark flexinish hair. 1662 J. Bargrave Pope Alex. VII (1867) m A hard- favoured, lean man, tall, with a thin-haired flaxenish beard. Fla-x-seed, fla xseed. 1 . The seed of flax, linseed. 1562 Act 5 Eliz. c. 5. § 29 One Rood .. is limited to be sown with Linseed otherwise Flaxseed or Hempseed. ? 16.. L. Delaware in Child Ballads VII. 314 I’ll hie me To Lincolnshire, To sow hemp-seed and flax-seed. 1737 Berkeley Let. Wks. 1871 IV. 248 It is hoped your flax-seed will come in time; 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade , Flax-seed, the boll of flax, generally termed linseed. b. The plant Radiola Millegrana, the seed-pods of which are similar to those of the flax plant; cf. Allseed c. 1848 C. A. Johns Week at Lizard 290 Radiola Mille¬ grana, Flax-seed, grows in similar situations. 2 . A name given to the pupa of the Hessian fly from its resemblance to a flax-seed. US. 1886 Times 18 Aug. 10/6 Pupae .. resembling small and rather elongated flax seeds. On this account they are called * flax seeds ’ in America. 1888 Riverside Nat. Hist. II. 410 FLAY. The larvae [of the Hessian fly] assume the pupa state, called the flaxseed stage. 3 . attrib. and Comb, (sense 1), as flax-seed mill, oil ; flaxseed ore = dyestone ore : see Dyestone. 1831 J. Davies Manual. Mat. Med. 71 Flaxseed oil. 1874 Knight Diet. Mcch. I. 881/2 Flax-seed Mill, one for grinding flax-seed for the more ready abstraction of the oil. Flaxy (flse'ksi), a. [f. Flax sb. + -y 1 .] Of the nature of or resembling flax ; made of flax. Also absol. 1634 M. Sandys Prudence 16 The Flaxie [colour] having whitenesse, appertaines to Temperance. 1659 Torriano, Lineo , flaxie, made of flax. 1835 Ure Philos. Manuf. 20 The substance which attaches the flaxy filaments to the vegetable vessels and membranes. Flay (flZ>), sb. dial. [f. Flay v .] A part of a plough, for ‘flaying’ or paring off the surface of the ground. 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 8 An iron earth¬ board firmly screwed to the coulter, which in some places is called a flay. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Flay, part of a plough ; it goes before the coulter and pares off the surface of the ground, turning it under the furrow which the plough makes. Flay {Be 1 ), v. Pa. t. and pa. pple. flayed. Forms: 1-3 flean, 3 flan, 3-4 flen, flo, 4 fla^e, 4- 5 fly^e, flyghe, 5 fla, fle, 5-6, 8-9 dial, flee, 5- 7, 9 dial, fley, 3-9 flea, 6-7 flaye, 6- flay. Also (see esp. sense 5) 6-7, 8-9 dial. flaw(e. Pa. t. 3 south. VI03, 3-4 flow, 4 flouh, 4-5 flogh, flew; 6 fleyd(e, fleid, 7-8 flead, 6- flayed. Pa. pple. 3 ivla^en, flo, 4 vla^e, yflawe, 4-7 flain(e, flayn(e, 5 fleyn, fleyen, 5-6 flawe(n, 6 flene, fleine, 6-7 flean(e; 5~6fleyed, fleyd, 6-7 flawed, 6- 8 fleed, flead, flea’d, 7-9 fieaed, 7 fled, flaid, flaied, 6- flayed. [A Com. Tent. str. vb.OE. filian (pa. t. *flog, pi. *flogon , pa. pple. *flagen) = MDu. vlaen, vlaeghen, vlaeden, ON .fid (Sw. fla,- Da .flaae) :—OTeut. *flahan , f. Aryan root *plak-, whence Gr. ir\T]oaeiv to strike. Cf. Flake sb.' 1 . Flaw sb . 1 and 2.] 1 . trans. To strip or pull off the skin or hide of; to skin ; a. with object a person : often in to flay alive (or J quick). a 800 Corpus Gloss. 659 Deglobere , flean. c 1205 Lay. 6418 03 er he heom lette quic flan, c 1300 Havelok 612 He shal him hangen, or quik flo. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Troy I. iii, Out of his skynne he hath him stript and flawe. 1474 Caxton Chesse 28 He dyd hym to be flayn al quyk. 1555 Eden Decades 261 Whom the Barbarians fieyde alyue and slewe. 1687 Congreve Old Bach. 11. i, No doubt, they would have flea’d me alive. 1709 Prior Paulo Purganti, They should be hang’d or starv’d, or flead. 1800 Sporting Mag. XV. 51 You must flea a Muscovite to make him feel. 1865 Kingsley Herew. v. 109 If I catch him, I will flay him alive. b. with object an animal. c 1302 Pol. Songs (Camden) 191 We shule flo the Conyng, ant make roste is loyne. c 1350 Will. Palerne 1682 Men.. that fast fonden alday to flen wilde bestes. c 1420 Libct Cocorum (1862) 50 Fyrst flyghe thyn elys. i486 Bk. St. Albans Eiijb, Now to speke of the bestes when thay be slayne How many be strypte and how many be flayne. 1558 Waede tr. Alexis Seer. iii. 73 b, Than kyll him [a young crow] and flawe him. 1681 Chetham Anglers Vade-in. xxxix. § 12 (1689) 26 Take Eels, flea, gut and wipe them. 1741 Compl. Fain. Piece 1. ii. 136 Flea your Hare, and lard it with Bacon. 1849 James Woodman vii., Whole deer were often brought in to be broken and flayed. absol. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. § 65 (1632) 340 To them which thinke it alwayes imperfect reformation that doth but sheare and not flea. 2 . To strip off or remove portions of the skin (or analogous membrane) from ; to excoriate. Often hyperbolically (cf. scarify). c 1250 Me id Maregrete xxxvi, Mit swopes ant mit scorges habbe ye me flo. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. A. 809 With boffetez watz hys face flayn. 1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 73 Sum of hem had her fyngers f[l]ayne. 1565-73 Cooper Thesaurus, Aduri .. to be flawed, to be scorched, as mens thies or legs be with fretting. 1596 Colse Penelope (1880) 168 These fingers should have flead his face. 1610 B. Jonson Alch. iv. iii, You shall. .Be curried, claw’d, and flaw’d, and taw’d, indeed. 1628 Donne Serin, liv. 546 If thou flea thy selfe with haire cloathes and whips. 1659 Lovelace Poems (1864) 233 Rayl, till your edged breath flea your raw throat. 1697 Dryden Virg. Ess. Georg. (1721) I. 206 The Goats and Oxen are almost flead with Cold. 1721 Cibber Rival Fools iii, I’ gad he wou’d have flea’d your Backside for you. 1748 Relat. Earthq. Lima iii. § 3. 292 The Taste of it is so harsh, that it fleas the Tongues of such as are not used to it. 1840 Mrs. Carlyle Let. 5 Oct., In the ardour of my medical practice I flayed the whole neck of me with a blister. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. (1871) II. xv. 171 The prospect of dying in Newgate, with a back flayed and an eye knocked out. 3 . fig. and transf. a. To inflict acute pain or torture upon. 1782 Cowper Progr. Err. 583 Habits are soon assum’d ; but when we strive To strip them off, ’tis being flay’d alive. 1884 L. J. Jennings Croker Papers II. xiv. 49 Macaulay has laid bare the entire process of flaying an author. b. To divest (a person) of clothing; to ‘strip’, undress, humorous nonce-use. i6u Shaks. IVint. T. iv. iv. 655 Nay prethee dispatch: the Gentleman is halfe fled already. C. To strip (a person) of his money or belong¬ ings by extortion or exaction ; to pillage, plunder. 305 FLEA-BIT. FLAY. Also, to do this by cheating ; to * clean out’. Cf. fleece, shear. 1584 Povvf.l Lloyd's Cambria 345 Officers were sent afresh to flea those who had been shorne before. 1620 Melton Astro log. 3 A griping Lawyer .. will bee sure to fleece him, if hee do not flea him. 1620 Frier Rusk 21, I haue beene among players at the Dice and Cardes, and I haue caused, .the one to flea the other. 1621 Burton A tiat. Mel. 1. ii. iv. (1651) 157 They are. .so flead and fleeced by perpetuall exactions. 1665 Temple Let. to I d. A rlhig- ton Wks. 1731 II. 6 The Hollanders, .being, .flay’d with Taxes, distracted with Factions. 1879 Froude Cxsarxxn. 381 Plundering cities and temples and flaying the people with requisitions. 1893 Farmer Slang, Flay.. 2 (American) To clean out by unfair means. d. To strip (a building, or the like) of its exterior ornament or covering. 1636 Davenant Witts v. v, How ! flea monuments of their brazen skins ! 1670 J. Covel Diary (Hakl. 1893) 182 The ruins of an old castle that was here; it was all flead to build the Turkish moschs. 1687 Burnet Trav. iii. (1750) 169 'rhe Outside, .is quite flay’d, if I may so speak, but on design to give it a rich Outside of Marble. 1847 Tennyson Princ. v. 514 As comes a pillar of electric cloud, Flaying the roofs and sucking up the drains. 4 . To strip or peel off (the skin). Also with off, + u P- c 1250 Meid Maregrete xxxiv, A 1 ]>et fel from \>e fleisc gunnen ho to flo. 1382 Wyclif Micah iii. 3 Whicheeeten fleshe of my peple and hildiden, or flewen, the skyn of hem fro aboue. c 1450 Henryson Wolf <$• Wedder 39 Poems (1865) 204 With that in hy the doggis skyn of he flew. 1587 Mascall Govt. Cattle, Hogges 267 They doe vse to .. flea vp the skinne on both sides, c 1626 Dick of Devon, v. i. in Bullen O. PI. II. p7 Flea the Divells skin over his eares. 1646 Evelyn Diary 23 Mar., As it snows often it perpetualy freezes, of which I was so sensible that it flaw’d the very skin of my face. 1651 H. More Second Lash in Enthus. Triumph. (1655) 168 Touchy, proud men .. as it were with their skins flean off. 1743 Fielding J. Wild iii. vii, The first man that offers to come in here, I will have his skin flea’d off. 1865 Swinburne Atalanta 58 And we will flay thy boarskin with male hands. transf and fg. 1607 Dekker Northw. Hoe n. Wks. 1873 III. 28 Flea off your skins [/. e. take off your disguise]. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 530 [The world’s] out-side filme of contentednesse, which when flaid off, what appeareth but vanity, or vexation of Spirit. + b. To tear off (a man’s beard) together with the skin. Ohs. <71330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 12452 Fful manye kynges had he don slo, and flow f?e berdes ofalle J?o. c 1430 Merlin 620, I shall..make thy beerde be flayn, and draw from thy chyn boustously. 1470-83 Malory Arthur 1. xxvii, They gaf hym their berdys clene flayne of. 5 . transf. (chiefly dial.) a. To strip the bark, rind, husk, or other integument from ; to bark, peel, b. To remove or strip off (rind, bark, etc.). Also with off. (Chiefly in form flaw. ) a. 1574 R. Scot/A?/ Gard. (1578) 59 To flawe the Poales ..is more than needeth to be done in thys behalfe. 1686 Plot Staffordsh. 382 They flaw it [Timber] standing about the beginning or middle of May. 1713 Derham Phys.- Theol. iv. xi. 192 Birds, who have occasion to husk and flay the Grains they swallow. 1869 Echo 9 Oct., In Sussex . .a man was believed to earn from /J40 to ^45 in the year, including what he gets from flawing timber in the spring. b. c 1320 Cast. Love 1308 As a mon J?e rynde flef>. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Hush. (1586) 74 Cutte it [a bud] round about, and flawe of the rinde. 1623 Cockeram ii, To Fley or pull off the rinde or skin, Deglubate. 1631 MS. Acc. St. John s Hosp., Canterb., [Layd out] for flawinge the tanne iiijs. ixd. 1796 Trans. Soc. Encourag. Arts XIV. 234 From the largest of those arms, I flawed off slips of rind. c. To pare or strip off thin slices of (turf). Also with off, up. 1634-5 Brereton Trav. (1844) 96 They cutt and flea top- turves with linge upon them. 1688 R. Holme Armoury iii. ix. 390/2 A Turf Spade, .is to cut and flea up the surface of any thing flat. 1724 Swift Drap. Lett, vii. That odious Custom, .of cutting Scraws. .which is flaying off the green Surface of the Ground, to cover their cabins. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Flay, to pare turf with a breast plough. 6 . Phrases. To flay a flint : to be guilty of the worst meanness or extortion in order to get money, (cf. Flay-flint). + To flay the fox : to vomit (translating F. slang ecorcher le renard ). 1653 Urquhart Rabelais 1. xi. (1694) 42 He would flay the Fox. 1659 Burton’s Diary { 1828) IV. 398 Some of them were so strict that they would flea a flint, a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, s. v. Flay , He’ll flay a Flint, of a meer Scrat or Miser. + 7 . ?To clarify (oil). Obs. rare~ l . [Perh. a different word.] 1530 Palsgr. 551/1, I flaye oyle with water, whan it boyleth, to make it mete to frye fysshe with. Je detaingz Ihuyle. 8 . Comb. + Flaybreech, a dogger. 1671 H. M. tr. Colloq. Erasmus 49 He is a more cruel flaybreech than even Orbilius. Hence Flayed (+ flay it) ppl. a. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 163/2 Flayne, or flawyn, excoriatus. 1585 Lupton Thous. Notable Th. (1675) 10 A fleaed Mouse roasted. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. i. iii. Furies 467 The Dysentery.. Extorteth pure bloud from the flayed veins. a 1613 Overbury A Wife (1638) 100 His jests are. .old flead Proverbs, a 1652 Brome City Wit v. Wks. 1873 I. 363 The fresh skin of a flea’d Cat. 1725 Pope Odyss. x. 635 Let the flea’d victims in the flames be cast. 1835 Gentl. Mag. Feb. 192/2 The loose flayed skin which belonged to the arms. Flay, var. of Fley v. to frighten. Flayel, obs. form of Flail. Vol. IV. Flayer (fle T, -oj). [f. Flay v. + -eu h] 1 . One who flays; also Jig. one who 1 fleeces ’ or practises extortion. C1440 Promp. Parv . 165/1 Flear of beest, excoriator. 1598 Florio Scdrticaporcflli, a fleaer of hogs. 1613 Purch as Pilgrimage 11. xiii. § 1 Euery Fox must yeeld his owne skin and haires to the flayer. 1800 Hurdis Fav. Village 152 Her lamb By the bleak season slain, her welted coat Yields to the flayer. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. iii. i, Pubsby & Co. are regular flayers and grinders. 2 . Hist, (transl. F. horcheuf). One of a number of French brigands in the 14th century,who ‘flayed’ or pillaged the people. 1832 tr. Sismondi's Ital. Rep. xiv. 310 The French., had bands called flayers (ecorcheurs). 1891 Cornh. Mag. Oct. 416 His whole life was spent in raids, .upon the Brabanters, late-comers, flayers, free companions [eta] Flay-flint. [See Flay v. 6.] One who is guilty of the worst meanness or extortion for the sake of gain ; a skin-flint. 1672 Shadwell Miserly A pox on this damn’d Flea-flint. 1719 D’Urfey Pills 1 .141 The Flea-flints, the Germans strip ’em bare. 1842 Tennyson Walking to Mail, There lived a flayflint near ; we stole his fruit, His hens, his eggs. Flaying (flf'-iq), vbl. sb. [f. Flay v. + -ing h] 1 . The action of the vb. Flay 1 . c 1440 Promp. Parv. 165/2 Fleynge of beestys, excoriacio. 1565 Golding Ovid's Met. Epist. (1593) 3 The fleaing off of piper Marsies skin. 1848 H. Rogers Ess. I. vi. 321 The flaying and dissecting of a sophist at the hands of so dexterous an anatomist as Socrates. 2 . attrib. and Comb., as flaying-hiife, season, -shovel, -spade. 1842 Browning Waring 1. vi, Some Junius, .shall tuck His sleeve, and forth with *flaying-kmfe. 1794 J. Boys Agric. Surv. Kent 97 The oaks are all cut in the ^flawing season, for the bark of all sizes. 1887 S. Chcsk. Gloss., * Fley in-shovel, a sort of plough with a single long handle like a SDade driven by the hand. 1573 Richmond. Wills (Surtees) 242, iij. peatspades, ij. *flainge spades. 1879 Miss Jackson SJiropsh. Wordbk., Flaying-spade , an im¬ plement for paring off the surface of rough grass land for burning. Flaying, ppl a. [f. Flay + -ing 2 .] That flays. 1663 Butler Hud. I. ii. 967 Could not the Whipping. Post prevail..To keep from flaying Scourge thy Skin. 1728 Gay Begg. Op. 11. i, Those fleaing Rascals the Sur¬ geons. FTaylfle, obs. f. Flail. Flayn e, obs. pa. pple. of Flay. Flayre, obs. f. Flair 1 . Flayt, pa. t. of Flite v. Obs. to scold. Fie, obs. f. Flay. Flea (flf), sb. Forms : 1 fl6ah, fl€h, fl^a, fl6o, 3-5 fle, 3-6 flee, 6 Sc. fla, 8 Sc. flae, dial, fleigh, 9 Sc. flech, dial, fleck, 6- flea. PI. 1 fldan, 4-6 fleen, 5 fleu. [Com. Teut. : OE .fllah str. (prob. masc.), flea wk. masc. or fem.; corresponding to MDu., MLG. vlS (Du. vloo), OHG. flSh , JlSch str. masc. (MHG. vloch str. masc., pi. flake, vl$ str. fem., mod.Ger. floh fem.), ON. flo str. fem. (pi .fldr ); repr. OTeut. *flauh-, or more probably *plauh- (cons.-stem) cogn. with Flee v] 1 . A small wingless insect (or genus of insects, Pulex, the common flea being P. irritans), well known for its biting propensities and its agility in leaping ; it feeds on the blood of man and of some other animals. a 700 Epinal Gloss. 813 Pulix, fleah, c 1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 2 64 Heo [gorst] cwelS [?a flean. c 1305 La7id Cokayne 37 Nis J>er flei, fle, no lowse. c 1386 Chaucer Manciple's Prol. 17 Hast thou had fleen al night or artow dronke? 1547 Boorde Brev. Health . eexeix. 98 Flees the whiche doth byte and stynge men in theyr beddes. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 696 Fleas breed principally of Straw or Mats. *733 Swift On Poetry 353 So naturalists observe a flea Hath smaller fleas, that on him prey ; And these have smaller still to bite ’em, And so proceed ad infinitum. 1791 Boswell Johnson (1831) II. 186 The counsel upon the circuit at Shrewsbury were much bitten by fleas. 1858 Hawthorne Fr. It. Jrnls. I. 227 Fleas..in Rome come home to everybody’s business and bosom. 1874 Wood Disects Abr. 771 The best-known foreign Flea, the Chigoe (Pulex peuetrans). b. As a type of anything small or contemptible. 1388 Wyclif i Sam. xxiv. 15 Thou pursuest a deed hound, and a quyk fle [1382 fly3e]. c 1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. 195 For it is said in Proverb, But lawte All other vertewis ar nocht worth ane fle. 1501 Douglas Pal. H071. III. 660 Me thocht yu had nouther force..nor will for till haue greiuit ane Fla. 1857 R. Tomes A 7 ner. in Japa 7 i v. 126 These Lilliputian bumpers would not have floored a flea. 2 . — flea-beetle : see 6 below. 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 760 The hop- plant., is liable to be wholly devoured..by the ravages of the flea. 1842 Johnson Fanner's E7icycl, Fly hi Turnips (Allica ne7noru7?i). .It is sometimes called the black jack and sometimes the flea or black fly. i860 Curtis Farm Disects List Engravings, Altica 7iemor?i7n, the Turnip fly or flea. Altica co7ichma, the Hop flea or beetle. 3 . Applied, with defining word prefixed, to small crustaceans which leap like a flea: see Sand-flea, Water-flea. Beach-flea (U.S .) = sand-flea. 1888 Riverside Nat. Hist. II. 76 The ‘beach-fleas’ so common on the sandy beaches. 4 . phr. A flea in one’s ear : said of a stinging or mortifying reproof, rebuff, or repulse, which sends one away discomfited : chiefly in phr. to go (send, etc.) away with a flea in one's ear. fb. For¬ merly also = anything that surprises or alarms, matter for disquietude or agitation of spirit: after F. ( avoir or mettre) la puce ct Vorcille. c x 43 ° Filgr. Lyf. Manhode 11. xxxix. (1869') 91 And manye oothere grete wundres [ye haue seyd] whiche ben fleen in myne eres [F. puces es oreilles ]. 1577 tr. Dc L‘ Isle's Legeiuiarie B vj b, Sending them away with fleas in their eares, vtterly disapointed of their purpose. 1577 Dee Relat. Spir. 1. (1659) 423 [He] at length had such his answer, that he is gone to Rome with a flea in his eare, that disquieteth him. a 1625 Beaum. & Fl. Love’s Cure iii. iii, He went away with a flea in’s ear, Like a poor cur. 1659 B. Harris ParivaVs Iro7i Age 1. 1. ix. 18 The Protestants . .have made Leagues to uphold themselves; and put a flea into the ear of France. 1712 Arbuthnot John Bull iii. vi, We being stronger than they, sent them away with a flea in their ear. 1741 Richardson Pa7nela I. xxii. 56, I was hurrying out with a Flea in my Ear, as the Saying is. 1838 C. K. Sharpe Corr. (1888) II. 510 [He] came off unvictorious with a flea in his ear. 1887 Rider Haggard Jess xiii, I sent him off with a flea in his ear, I can tell you. 5 . Comb., as + flea-catcher, -feeder, -skinning ; flea-brown, -coloured adjs. 1794 G. Adams Nat. A Exp. Philos. I. 538 The peroxide [of lead] may be precipitated of a brilliant *flea-bro\\n colour. 1806 Spirit Pub. Jrnls. (1807) X. 221 Bug Destroyer to His Majesty, and *Flea Catcher in general. 1776 Anstey Election Ball (1808) 230 A new-fashioned *flea-coloured coat. 1603 Breton Wit's Priv. Wealth (1639) Bb, They that love their beds are great *Flea-feeders. i860 Sala Lady Chester/, v. 81 This .. pebble-peeling *flea-skinning principle. 0 . Special comb. : flea-bag {slang), a bed ; flea- beetle, a small leaping beetle of the genus Haltica, the species of which ravage hops, grape-vines, turnips, and other plants ; flea-louse, a leaping plant-louse of the family Psyllidse ; flea-lugged {Sc.), unsettled, harebrained (Jam.) ; flea-powder, a remedy against fleas ; + flea-trap, in quot. an opprobrious epithet applied to a person. •839 Lever H. Lorrequer xxxix, I think the gentleman would be better if he went off to his *flea-bag himself. 1842 Johnson Fanner’s Encycl., Fly hi Turnips ( Altica 7 ie 7 noru 77 i) .. a species of *flea-beetle which attacks the turnip crop. 1724 Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) I. 90 Wi *flae-lugged sharny-fac’d Lawrie. 1823 Galt Eutail III. 70 Yon flea-luggit thing, Jamie. 1699 Poor Robin A iv, Since Scoggin found out his *Flea-Powder. a 1616 Beaum. & Fl. Bo7iduca 11. iii, 1 Daughter. Are they not our tormentors? Car. .Tormentors? "flea-traps ! 1681 Otway Soldier’s Fort. v. i, Do you long to be ferking of Man’s Flesh, Madam Flea-trap? b. In various plant-names, as flea-dock, the butter-bur ( Petasites vulgaris); flea-grass, flea- sedge, Car ex pulicaris ; J flea-seed, Plant ago Psyllium ; flea-weed, local name for Galium verum ; flea-wood (see quot.). x 597 Gerarde He7-bal App., *Fleadocke is Petasites. 1847 Halliwell, Flea-dock , the herb butter-burr. 1670 Ray Catal. Pla7it. A7igl. 148 *Flea-grass. This was so denominated by Mr. Goodyer, because the seeds..do in shape and colour somewhat resemble Fleas. 1820 Green Univ. Herbal I. 252 Care.x Pulicaris *Flea Sedge, or Flea Grass. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 105b, Psillium. .may be well called *fleasede or fleawurt because y c sede is very lyke vnto a fle. 1892 Northmnbld. Gloss., * Flea-wood, the bog myrtle or sweet gale, Myrica Gale . A housewife's cure for fleas. Flea (fl*), v. Also dial, fleck, [f. prec. sb.] trans. To rid of fleas, remove fleas from. a 1610 Healey Theophrastus (1636) 79 He sweepes the house and fleas the beds himselfe. 1700 Congreve Way of World iv. ix. Go flea dogs, and read romances! 1884 Chesh. Gloss, s.v. Fleck , ‘Her father had gone up to fleck the bed.’ Flea, obs. f. Flay. Flea'-bane. [See Bane.] A name given to various plants : esp. a. A book-name for the genus Inula (or Pulicaria), esp. Inula dysenterica and I. Pulicaria. 1548 T urner Names of Herbes (E. D. S.) 30 Coniza maye be called in englishe Flebayne. 1563 Hyll Art Garden. (1593) 35 The Gnats also be. .chased away with the decoc¬ tion of the herbe named Flebane, sprinckled on the beds. 1597 Gerarde He?‘bal 11. exxiv. 391 Conyza from time to time hath been called in English Fleabane. 1640 Parkinson The at. Bot. xiv. xv. 1232 Coiiyza palustris 7iiajor, the greater Marsh or water Fleabane. 1794 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxvi. 394 The Flea-banes middle (dyse7ite?'ica) and less ( pulicaria ) are of this genus (Inula). 1854 S. Thomson Wild Fl. iii. (ed. 4) 243 The flea-banes (Pulica7‘ia) noted for smoking off fleas. b. A book-name for the genus Erigeron, esp. E. acre (called also blue fleabane). 1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Che77i. (1814) 364 The fleabane of Canada has only lately been found in Europe. 1820 Green Univ. Herbal I. 513 English botanists have named it [Erigero7i acre] blue-flowered or purple flea bane. 1831 J. Davies Manual Mat. Med. 220 Philadelphia Flea Bane. Scabious. Engeron philadclphicioii. 1863 Baring-Gould Iceland 190 The drier ground was starred with white and pink Alpine flea-bane (Erigero7i Alp.). C. Applied to Planlago Psyllium (from the ap¬ pearance of the seed). 1578 Lyte Dodoens i. Ixx. 104 This herbe is called in.. Latine Psyllium and Hcrba Pulicaris.. in English Flea- wurte and Fleabane. 1597 [see Fleawort], t Flea-bit, a. Obs. rare. = Flea-bitten 2. 1696 Loud. Gaz. No. 3194/4 A flea-bit Mare. 89 FLEA-BITE. FLECK. Flea'-bite. [f- Flea si. + Bite jA] 1 . The bite of a flea; the red spot caused by it. 1570 Levins Manip. 149/27 A Fleabit, viorsus culicis. 1789 W. Buchan Dom. Med. (1790) 215 The small pox., begin to appear..At first they very nearly resemble flea- bites. 1801 Southey in Robberds Mem. W. Taylor I. 378, I am used to flea-bites, and never scratch a pimple to a sore. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex . s. v., Flea-bites have been mistaken for .. the rash of typhoid, and other appearances. 2 . fig. Anything that causes only slight pain; a trifling inconvenience or discomfort; a hurt, loss, accident, etc. of very small consequence or import¬ ance ; a mere trifle. (Cf. Flea-biting 2.) [c 1440 Hylton Scala Per-f. (W. de W. 1494) 1. xxxviii, The felynge of thyse temptacions fyleth the soule nomore than yf they lierde an hounde berke, or a flee byte.] 1582 Breton Floorish vpon Fancie (Grosart) 25/1 When all these pangues are but Flea-bytes to mine. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Brood Cormorants, Cutpurse 12 If they doe lose by Pirates, tempests, rocks, ’Tis but a Fleabite to their wealthy stockes. a 1656 Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 2 The greatest bodily sicknesses were but Flea-bites to those scorpions. 1779 G. Keate Sketches Nat. I. 64 The labours of Hercules were a flea-bite to it. 1862 Sala Sez>en Sons I. vii. 169 The money was a mere flea-bite, a miserable fifty. 3 . A small reddish spot on a horse or dog, re¬ sembling the mark made by the bite of a flea. Cf. Flea-bitten 2. 1681 Loud. Gaz. No. 1608/4 A middle-size White Spaniel Dog..with two reddish Ears full of little Fleabits. 1690 Ibid. No. 2571/4 A dapple-grey Mare..with red Flea-bites about her Head and Neck. 4 . ath'ib. 1605 Breton Honour of Valour xiii, When mortal wounds doe shew but flea-bite smarts. Hence Flea-bite v. trans . ‘ To cover with bites of fleas’ (Hyde Clarke 1855). Flea-biter, one who bites like a flea ; in quot.yf^. 1629 Gaule Holy Madn. 324 Wearish Wretch; so like a Flea-biter hee lookes. t Flea*-biting, vbl. sb. Obs. [f. as prec. + Biting vbl. sb.] 1 . The biting of a flea; the spot caused by this. 1552 Huloet, Fleabitinge, pulicina signa. 1582 M. Philips in Hakluyt Voy. (1600) III. 475 They .. leaue behinde them a red spot somewhat bigger than a flea-biting. 1676 Wiseman Surgery , Lues Ven. i. 5 The attendance of a Cancre is commonly a breaking out all over the body, like a fleabiting. 2 . fig. A small hurt, damage, etc.; = Flea-bite 2. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. 69 b, A 1 these are but fle bitynges in respect and comparison of that which I shal now show you. 1593 Nashe Christ's T. 86 b, If wee..make a sport and flea-byting of his fearefull visitation. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. i. 1. v. (1676) 8 That which is but a fleabiting to one causeth insufferable torment to another. 1711 R. Cooper Country-Alan's Proposal (1712) 13 I will shew you that would be but a Flea-biting to the Nation. 3 . = Flea-bite 3. *598 Florio, Liar do , a horse marked with red or tannie spots or fleabitings. Flea-bitten, a. [f. as prec. + Bitten ///. a .] 1 . Bitten by (or infested with) fleas. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. iii. 111.(1676)127 Redness of the face and itching, as if they were flea-bitten, or stung with Pis-mires. c 1626 Dick of Devon v. i. in Bullen O. PI. (1883) II. 87 In my fleabitten Trundle bed. 1751 Smollett Per. Pic. (1779) IV - . Ixxxvii. 36 You old flinty-faced, flea- bitten scrub. 1823 Blackw. Mag. XIV. 508 Snug and flea-bitten, in their own personal garrets. 2 . Of the colour of a horse, dog, etc. : Having bay or sorrel spots or streaks, upon a lighter ground. 1570 Will of Bartillmew (Somerset Ho.), Geldinge flea- bitten colour. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach’s Husb. 11. (1586) 116 b, The fleabitten horse prooveth alwaies good in travell. 1685 Lond. Gaz. No. 2032/4 A Lusty strong well spread gray Gelding, .beginning to be Flea-bitten about the Head and Neck. 1846 E. Jesse Anecd. Dogs 282 We now see them [pointers], .of a flea-bitten blue or grey. 1863 Times 21 May, A tall and very powerful flea-bitten gray. Hence Flea’-bittenness. 1837 Frasers Mag. XVI. 532 The mares’-nests of its dis¬ covery were amply suited by the flea-bittenness of its style. Fleach, dial. var. of Flitch. Fleagm, obs. form of Phlegm v t Fleak, sb. [? A use of fleak, Flake sb .2 3.] A term of reproach used to a woman. 1636 Davenant Witts iii. i, Scirvie Fleake! 'tis not for naught You boyle Eggs in your Gruell. Fleak(e, obs. or dial, form of Flake. Fleale, obs. form of Flail. Fleam, obs. and dial. var. of Phlegm. Fleam (flzm),^. 1 Forms : 6 fleume, 7 flame, fleame, fleme, (S fleem, flegme), 8, 9 dial, flem, (fleyam, vlem), 7- fleam. Also 8 phleam, 9 phleme. See also Flue. [a. OF. fiieme (Fr. fiamme) = Pr. flecme, Sp. fleme, It. fiama , repr. med.L. fletotna (Wr.-Wiilck. 400), fledomum (Leiden Gloss. OET. 114), from late Lat. fleboto- mum, ad. Gr. tpXfpoTofxov: see Phlebotomy. From the med.L. forms were adopted OE. flytme , OHG. flietuma , fliedema (MHG. fliedeme , vliete(n, vlie - dene, mod.Ger .fliete ); cf. also MDu. vlime , vlieme. The mod.F. use = sense 2 below.] 1 . A surgical instrument for letting blood or for lancing the gums ; a lancet. In Great Britain Obs. 306 or are/i .; the U.S. diets, treat it as still current for a gum-lancet. [a 1000 Aldhelm Gl. in Zeitschr. f. d. A. IX. 453 Flebo- tomo , t>lodsexe vel flytman.] 1552 Huloet, Bloude lettynge .. the instrumente wherwyth bloude is letten, called a fleume. 1611 Cotgr., Deschaussoir , a Fleame; the toole wherewith Barbers diuide the gum from the tooth which they would draw out. 1688 R. Holme Armoury iii. xiii. 481/2 An .. Ancient Flegme, or Fleame. 1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 76 A little Fleem made of a Flint. 1790 J. Wolcott (P. Pindar) Ep. to J. Bruce 230 Wks. 1812 II. 166 Nor Scotch’d with fleams a sceptered Lady’s hide. 1859 Thackeray Virgin, xl, Get a fleam, Gumbo, and bleed him. 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Man. viii. 219 The sharp stone with which the native phleme used to be armed. 1874 Knight Diet. Alech. I. 881/2 Fleam , a gum-lancet. 2 . A kind of lancet used for bleeding horses. 1616 Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 1. xxviii. 123 The Farrier .. must neuer be vnprouided .. with tooles. .as fleame to let bloud with [etc.] 1748 tr. Vegetius' Distemp. Horses 46 You shall Strike into it a Fleam made of hard steel. 1769 De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. III. 104 The principal Manufactures here [in Sheffield] are .. Razors, Lancets, Phleams [etc.]. 1847 Youatt Horse xi. 362 Bleeding ..is performed with a fleam or a lancet. 3 . Comb., as fleam-shaped adj. Also fleam-stick (see quot. 1842); fleam-tooth, a fleam-shaped tooth of a saw. 1856 Kane A ret. Expl. I. xvii. 206 The *fleam-shaped tips of their lances were of unmistakable steel. 1842 Akerman Gloss. Wilts. *Flem-stick , the small staff used to strike the flem into the vein. 1874 Knight Diet. Alech. 1 . 881/2 * Fleam-tooth. Fleam (fl/m) si. 2 In 4-7 fleme, 4, 9 dial. flem. [App. a var. of Flume (ME. flum ), which has both senses; but the phonology is obscure; there may be some confusion with a Tent, word, OE. *JUam :-*flaumo- f. root of OHG.Jlawcn to wash.] f 1 . A stream, river. Chiefly in flan Jordan = L .flnmen Jordanis. Ois. £1300 St. Margarete lviii, Ant let the folewen in holi fonston, Ase ihQ christ was ymself y the flem iurdan. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. C. 309 pe grete flem of \>y flod folded me vmbe. c 1430 Syr Try am. 142 To fleme Jordon and to Bedlem. 1516 in Alyrr. our Ladye (1873) p. 1 , The water of fleme Iordane was stopped ayenst the natural course. 2 . An artificial channel, watercourse, mill-stream. Now only dial. 1523 Fitzherb. Surv. xi. (1539)55 By a mylne fleme made with mens hande. 1686 Plot Staffordsh. 356 Cutting a fleme or main carriage 18 foot broad. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Wordbk., E'lem, a mill-stream i.e. the channel of water from the main-stream to the mill. 1881 Leicester Gloss., Fleam , a ‘mill-tail’, the stream that flows from a watermill after having turned the wheel. Fleam (flfm), v . 1 Obs. exc. dial. [f. prec. sb. 2 ] intr. To flow, stream. Also, transf. to drift away. £1400 Destr. Troy xxv. 10004 Blode flemyt o fer in flattes aboute. c 1465 Eng. Chrofi. 92 His trew blode has flemed bothe be swerde and exyle. 1863 R. Buchanan Undertones 120 As the vapours fleam’daway, behold I I saw. .A nymph. t Fleam, Obs. rare. In 5 flym. [ad. OF. flime-r , flieme-r , i. fiieme Fleam jA 1 ] tra?is. To cut with a lancet. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 434 b/i Anone the same lytel whelke beganne to blede as one had flymed hit. Fleam, var. of Fleme sb. and v. Fleamy, obs. and dial. var. of Phlegmy. Flean, obs. inf. and pa. pple. of Flay. Flear, Fleash, obs. ff. of Fleer, Flesh. Fleat, var. of Fleet v. Fleawort (flrwrut). [OE .fltawyrt, f. Flea sb. + Wort.] A name given to various plants. Amongst the plants that have been so called from their supposed virtues in destroying fleas are Inula Conyza and some species of Cineraria and Erigeron. Turner and many subsequent writers apply the name to Plantago Psyllium , the Lat. and Gr. names of which ( Pulicaria, \f/v AAtoi') refer to the resemblance of the seeds to fleas. cioooAgs. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 273/24 Parirus [? papi- ms], fleawyrt. 1548 Turner Names of Herbes (1881) 65 It [Psyllium] may be called in English Flewurte. £1550 Lloyd Treas. Health (1585) M vijb, A bath made of the decoction of flewort taketh away all goutes. 1597 Gf.rarde Herbal 11. exxiv. § 1. 390 Conyza maior Great Fleawoort. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 239 Psyllium, Fleawort, is good for the vlcers thereof. 1756 Sir J. Hill Herbal 159 Fleawort, Psyllium, the flower is composed of four small oval petals. 1820 Green Univ. Herbal I. 304 Cineraria Integrifolia , Mountain Cineraria or Fleawort. Ibid. I. 512 The old name of this plant [Erigeron Viscosujn ] is .. great fleawort. 1825 J. E. Smith Eng. Flora III. 443 Cineraria paluslris, Marsh Flea-wort. at/rib. 1600 Surflet Countrie Farme 1. xii. 61 Putting thereto the muscilage of fleawort-seede. Fleay (flri), a. Also 7 fleaie, 9 Sc. flasie, flechy. ff. Flea sb. +-Y b] Full of fleas. 1611 Cotgr., Pulcier, fleaie, of a flea, full of fleas. 1870 Jas. Orton Andes £ Amazons 11. xxxvi. 487 After stopping at fleay Tiberias. Flebergebet, -gebit, -gibet, obs. forms of Flibbertigibbet. + Tle'bile, a. Ois. [a. OF. fleiile , ad. L. fle- iil-is that is to be wept for, also tearful, plaintive : see Feeble.] Of style : Doleful, mournful, plain¬ tive. Also aisol. 41734 North Exam. i. ii. § 37 (1740) 49 A flebile Style this upon a mournful Occasion. Ibid. 11. v. § 94 (1740) 374 The more calm and moderate Style, not without a Tinct of the Flebile. + Fle'ble, v. Obs. [var. of Feeble v. ; cf. the OF. forms fleible , etc. of feible Feeble a.] intr. To grow weak. £ 1350 Will. Paleme 2660 Here men flebled fast & faileden of here mete. Flebotomy : see Phle-. + Fleccke, v. Obs. Forms: 4 flecchi, flech- chi, (? misprint') fleeche, 3-5 flecche. See also Flinch v. [ad. OF. flechir (mod.F. Jttchir to bend), also flechier to bend, turn aside, flinch; of obscure etymology; connexion of some kind with fled ere to bend, is commonly assumed, but the supposition has not been shown to be in accord with phonological laws.] 1. intr. To bend, flinch, give way; to waver, vacillate. Obs. £1300 Beket 951 Therfor he moste him wel bithenche and ne flecchi no3t. c 1325 Poem Times Ediu. II, 452 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 344 Hadde the clergie .. noht flecched aboute nother hider ne thidere. 1340 Ayenb. 253 pet J?ou ne flechchi uor to leue to guod red. £1350 Will. Paleme 763 He set his si3t sadli to pat windowe euene, boute flecchinge or feyntise. 1387 Trf.visa Higden (Rolls) V. 411 For pe staat of holy chirche in Engelond .. schulde nou^t fleeche [L. vacillaret]. 13.. Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 616/171 pe deuel. .flecchepfrogodes spous. a 1420 Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. xli, Some man .. Dampnable erroure holdith, and can not flecche for no counseille ne rede. 2 . trans. To turn out, drive away. Perh. another word; cf. O.E . fl^cgan (once) to drive away. £ 1340 Cursor AT. 994 (Trin.) Out is he put Adam pe wrecched Fro paradis fouly flecched. Flecchere, -our, var. of Fletcher, Obs. Flech(e, var. of Fleech. II Fl&che (AfD- 8 fletch. [Fr. Jllchc, primarily ‘ arrow ’.] 1 . Fortif. = Arrow 8. 1710 Lond. Gaz. No. 4755/2 We. .attacked the two fleches. 1761 Lond. Mag. XXX. 460 Several small fletches that were thrown up along the front. 1804 Wellington in Gurw. Disp., To Alajor Graham 29 Mar., The best thing to do would be .. to knock down that bad work in front of the gateway, and to make a good modern Jleche in lieu thereof. 1827 Southey Hist. Pe 7 iins. War II. 107 The suburb beyond the Ebro was defended by redoubts and fleches. 1851 J. S. Macaulay Field Fortif. xoi The fleche .. differs from a redan only in having no ditch. 2 . Arch. A slender spire, esp. one placed over the intersection of the nave and transept. 1848 B. Webb Continent. Ecclesiol. 160 A very elegant tall fleche for the sanct-bell. 1886 Mrs. Caddy Jeanne D'Arc 83 Its high-pitched lead roof with many pinnacles and fleches. Flecher, var. of Fletcher, Obs. Fleck (flek), si .l [Not found before 16th c.; though the related Fleck v. and Flecked ppl. a. occur earlier; adopted from or cognate with ON. flekkr (Sw. flack, MDa. flsekke), corresponding to MDu. vlecke fem. (Du. vlek fern., neut ), MLG. vlecke fem., vlck neut., OHG. flec{ch, fleccho, blow, mark of a blow, speck, spot, place (MHG. vice, vlecke, mod.Ger. fleck , flecken speck, spot, hamlet) OTeut. *flekko-, -kon-. Cf. the deriva¬ tive Ger .flicken to patch. The ulterior affinities are somewhat obscure; some of the senses strongly suggest connexion with Flake sb . 1 and the OAryan root plag- or plak - to strike ; but the root vowels seem to belong to different ablaut-series. Further, the sense ‘patch’, found in continental Teut., points to con¬ nexion with ON .JUk patch, rag, the form of which implies z (neither e nor a) as the root vowel. Possibly two distinct OTeut. words have coalesced.] 1 . A mark in the skin ; a blemish, freckle, spot; also, a sore or abrasion of the skin. 1598 Florio, Varo , a fleck, or freckle in ones face. 1601 Holland/Y*V y II. 377 The greace of a swan is commended ..for to cleanse the skin of the face from all flecks and freckles. 1695 Kennett Par. Antiq. s. v. Flesche-Axe, Fleck is. .a sore in the flesh, from whence the skin is rubbed off. 1866 Swinburne Poems <5- Ball., Laus Ven. 4 Her neck .. wears yet a purple speck, .fairer for a fleck. 1889 N. W. Line. Gloss, s. v., Them harvist-bugs hes maade big flecks cum oot all oher my airms. fig. X850 Tennyson I71 Mem. Iii, Fret not .. That life is dash’d with flecks of sin. 1879 Hesba Stretton Needle's Eye I. 196 There was not a fleck upon his reputation, b. A patch, spot, or streak of colour, light, etc. 1804 Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1846) VI. 120 They have been badly painted, .as it is all run in flecks. 1849 Longf. Building Ship 89 Shadows .. broken by many a sunny fleck. 1863 Alacm. Alag. Jan. 172 The universal blue from Earth to Heaven was filled with flecks of fire. 1863 Baring-Gould Iceland 208 The red gable of Hlitharfyall.. with a fleck of white on its apex. 1889 N. W. Line. Gloss. s. v. Fleck, Black marble wi’ yalla flecks in it. 2 . A small particle; a flake, speck. 1750 Walpole in Phil. Trans. XLVII. 47, I never per¬ ceived, that I voided .. any flecks of a stone. 1841-4 Emerson Ess. Circles Wks. (Bohn) I. 125 As we see flecks and scraps of snow left in cold dells .. in June. 1861 Sir T. Martin Catullus , Lam. Ariadne 202 And flecks of wool stick to their wither’d lips. 1875 H. C. Wood Therap. (1870) 92 A fleck of rust on a bright surface of steel will steadify enlarge. t Fleck, si . 2 Ois. rare —[Origin unknown ; the meaning is clear from Isidore Etym. xii. xxix, where the L. word is vulpesl] A fox. 1567 Maplet Gr. Forest 86 The Fleck, .saith Isidore, .is naturally subtile, and hath many fetches to deceiue one. FLEDGE. FLECK. t Fleck, sb.%. Obs . exc. dial. Also flick, s Flare sb. 2 1575 Turbervile Falconrie 364 Barrowes flicke or larde. 1591 Percyuall Sp. Diet ., Enxiindia , fat, flicke, sewet. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Gt. Eater Kent Wks. 1. 144/2 What say you to the Leafe or Flecke of a Brawne new kild ..to be eaten hot out of the Bores belly raw ? 1881 /. of Wight Gloss., Flick or Flick, the lard of the inside of a pig. 1883 Hampsh. Gloss., Fleck, the fat of a pig before it is boiled down into lard. t Fleck, ?proper name. Obs. Used in proverbial phrase Fleck and his make, a contemptuous desig¬ nation for a man and his paramour. 1529 More Dyaloge 1. xvii. 22 b/i, I tell you nothyng now of. .many a flekke and hys make that maketh theyre metyng at these holsum hallows. 1532 — Confut. Barnes vm. Wks. 780/2 What would the general counsail .. haue sayed vnto that frere, and what vnto flecke hys make? 1546 J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 57, I did .. heere, How flek and his make, vse their secrete hauntyng. Fleck (flek), v. 1 Also 5 flek(k)e, 7 flecke. [f. Fleck sb.^ ; cf. ON. flekka (perh. the source), Da. flxkke, Sw. flacka, Ger. flccken.] traits. To spot, streak or stripe ; to dapple, variegate. t 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 199 The whyght flekkyd with the brown. 1576 Turberv. Venerie 10 Their legges streaked and flecked with redde and blacke. 1641 G. Sandys Paraphr. Song Sol. iv. i, Vntill the Morning fleck the sky. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. 11. 55 Two Kids Both fleck’d with white. i 79 8 Coleridge Anc. Mar. iii. viii, The sun was flecked with bars. Tennyson Poems, Loz>e Sf Sorrow, The first green leaf With which the fearful springtide flecks the lea. 1872 Black Adv. Phaeton x. 139 Overhead the still blue is scarcely flecked by a cloud. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets viii. 250 The feathers of the soaring bird were flecked with gold and crimson grain. b. To force in flecks or patches into. rare. 1886 Stevenson Dr. Jekyll viii, The wind .. flecked the blood into the face. Hence Fle’cking vbl. sb. Also concr. 1892 Daily Nezus 3 May 2/4 In other materials this fleck¬ ing with irregularly recurrent hints of colour is confined to stripes. 1893 IVestm. Gaz. 9 Feb. 6/1 White spots and fleckings in the waistcoats. t Fleck, v.Z Obs. exc. dial. [? var. of Flag zj. 1 ] intr. To fly low ; to flit, flutter about. 1565 Golding Ovid's Met. vm. (1593) 189 [She] flecketh neere the ground. 1621 Markham Prev. Hunger (1655) 200 The old Cocke, the old Henne, and all their poots .. flecke and runne together. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. vm. (1626) 156 They, .fleck as lowe as earth, And lay their egs in tufts. 1884 Chesh. Gloss., Fleck , to fly. iransf. and fig. 1627-77 Feltham Resolves n. xiv. 188 He flecks from one Egg to another, so hatcheth nothing. 1648 Earl Westmoreland Otia Sacra (1879) 154 The Relict .. Doth voluntary fleck into Deaths armes. 1652 Shirley Sisters Prol. 11 The Town will still be flecking, and a Play, .will starve the second day. t Flecked, a. Her. Obs. [? Misspelling of Flect.] Arched, bent. 1661 Morgan Sph. Gentry 1. ii. 13 The Flecked, The Nubile, are of the nature of the Air. 1678-1706 Phillips, Flecked, a term in Heraldry, arched like the Firmament. fig. 1661 Morgan Sph. Gentry 1. vii. 101 Devide not thy Coat among the deadly sins by .. the Flecked and Waved line of pride. Flecked (flekt\ ppl. a. [f. Fleck sbX or v. 1 + -ED 1 or a .] Having or marked with flecks ; occas. preceded by some defining word as foam-, pearl-flecked, for which see those words. 1 . Of animals, their feathers, skins, etc.: Dappled, pied, spotted. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xi. 321 Foules, With flekked fetheres. c 1386 Chaucer Merch. T. 604 He was .. ful of Iargon, as a flekked pye. 1548 Will of R. North or Keling (Somerset Ho.), Flecked cowe. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 403 They [sheep] will proue flecked and of diuers colours. 1786 Culley Live Stock (ed. 4) 41 The generality are red and white mixed or what the breeders call flecked. 1881 Leicestersh. Gloss., Flecked, spotted, mottled, speckled. b. Of a person: Marked with spots; freckled. 1868 Geo. Eliot Sp. Gipsy 54 Pepita, fair yet flecked, d c. Of wood-work : Grained ; marked. Obs. 1664 Evelyn Sylva viii. 27 The firme and close Timber .. [of the Wall-nut tree] is admirable for fleck’d and chambletted works. 1670 Ibid, xxvii. (ed. 2) 134 Curiously polish’d and fleck’d cups and boxes. + 2 . Of persons, their faces or cheeks: Marked with patches of red ; flushed. Obs. 1544 Phaer Rcgim. Lyfe (1560) U vj, The face red in coloure & flecked, a 1577 Gascoigne Herbs Wks. (1587) 103 His flecked cheekes Now chery red, now pale and green as leekes. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 11. v. 1. vi. (1651) 396 If they drink a cup of wine or strong drink, they are as red and flect .. as if they had been at a Majors feast. 1693 Congreve Juvenal xi. 317 What tho thy Wife .. come reeking home, Fleck’d in her Face, and with disorder’d Hair. 3 . Of darkness : Dappled with bright spots. Of the sky: Dappled with clouds. Of clouds : Cast like flecks over the sky ; in quot.y%*. 1597 Shaks. Rom. <$• Jul. 11. iii. 3(Qo. 1) Flecked darke- nes like a drunkard reeles, From forth daies path, a 1649 Drumm. of Hawth. Hist. Jas. V Wks. (1711) 106 Many were groping through these flecked clouds of ignorance. 1810 Scott Lady of L. iii. ii, Invisible in flecked sky, The lark sent down her revelry. 1866 T. Edmondston Shetl. <$■ Ork. Dial., Flecked , applied to the bottom of the sea when it has bunches of seaweed growing upon it. + Fle'cken, v. Obs. exc. dial. [f. Fleck sb. + -en 5 .] a. intr. To take a fleck or shade of colour; to colour, turn. b. trans . To mark with flecks. 307 Hence Fleckened ppl. a., flecked, grained, marked. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 50 When they [Oates] once beginne to shoote they will streightway after beginne to. flecken. 1881 Leicestersh. Gloss., You nivver see a prittier fleckened bit o’ mapple-wood. Flecker, obs. form of Flicker v. Flecker (fle-koi), v. [f. Fleck v. + -er r >.] trans. a. To mark with flecks ; to dapple, b. To scatter like flecks or flakes. (See next). 1828 Sterling Ess. $ Talcs (1848) II. 4 The wide and gleaming river .. fleckered with a myriad of keels. Fleckered (fle*ko.id), a. Also 5 Sc. flekerit. [f. prec. + -ed 1.] 1 . Marked with flecks or spots; dappled, streaked, variegated. c 1450 Golagros Gaw. 475 Ferly fayr wes the feild, flekerit and faw. 1792 R. Cumberland Calvary v. 495 Morning .. crimson’d all the flecker’d East. 1823 Moor Suff. Words, Flecker'd, variegated, of two or more colours, descriptive of domestic poultry. 1861 Geo. Eliot Silas M. 300 Silas and Eppie were seated .. in the fleckered shade of the ash tree. 2 . Scattered in flecks or patches. 1823 Joanna Baillie Poems 292 Like spots of flecker’d snow. 1851 Helps Comp. So lit. ii. (1874) 57 They arrange themselves like those fleckered clouds. + Flexket. Obs. rare— 1 , [f. Fleck sb. + -et.] A small fleck or spot. 1684 Lond. Gaz. No. 1898/4 He is of a Liver colour with white Fleckets. Fleckled (fle'k’ld), a. [f. *fleckle , dim. of Fleck jA + -ed-.] Marked with little flecks or spots; dappled ; also of a person : freckled. 1592 Shaks. Rom. <$• Jul. 11. iii. 3 Fleckled darknesse like a drunkard reeles, From forth daies path. 1700 A cc. Doctr. fy Disc. R. Davis 26 A woman, .fleckled in her face. 1892 Daily News 17 Sept. 3/2 Tree trunks all fleckled and dappled by patches of quivering sunshine. Fleckless (fle’kles), a. [f. Fleck sbX + -less.] Without a fleck or spot ; without blemish. 1847 Tennyson Princ. 11. 274, I fear My conscience will not count me fleckless. 1874 Lisle Carr Jud. Gwynne I. iv. 115, A. .fleckless sky over-head. Hence Fle*cklessly adv. 1891 Miss S. J. Duncan Soc. Departing 285 The passage was flecklessly whitewashed. Flexky, a. [f. Fleck sb . 1 + -y b] Full of flecks, i. e. spots or streaks ; also, having a wavy appearance. (But in quot. 1694 fleclty may be a variant of Flicky.) Hence Fle ckiness, the condition of being flecky. 1694 Lond. Gaz. No. 3004/4 One brown bay Mare, with a Flecky Tail. 1833 J. Holland Mann/. Metal II. 69 A singular grain of fleckiness always observable on the surface [of real Damascus blades]. Flecnode (fle'knoud). Math, [i.flec- root of L. flectere to bend + nod-us knot, Node.] (See quot.) Hence Flecnodal a., pertaining to a flecnode, as flecnodal curve. 1873 .Salmon Higher Plane CurzElfred Boeth. xxxiii. § 2 He .. flihp Sa wsedle. a 1000 Boeth. Metr. vii. 30 (Gr.) He sceal swiSe flion pisse worulde wlite. a 1225 Ancr. R. 162 Arseni, flih men. Ibid. 208 Vlih per urommard, er pu beo iattred. a 1240 Ureisun in Cott. Horn. 203 Hwuder schal ich fleon hwon pe [etc.]. ^1250 Owl fy Night. 176 Wei fi3t that wel fli3t. . a 1300 Cursor M. 2818 (Cott.) pe angls badd loth do him flee. Ibid. 4310 (Cott.) pou do be stallworthli to flei. c 1330 R. Brunne Citron. (1810) 39 pei went egrely, & did po kynges fle. 1340 Ayenb. 41 Oper huanne me dra3p po out pet vlep to holy cherche. c 1374 Chaucer Contpl. Mars 105 He .. bad her fleen, lest Phebus her espye. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 3901 He not wyder flene. 1393 Langl. P . PI. C. xxi. 346 Ich rede we fleo .. faste alle hennes. 1556 Anrelio fy Isab. F v, It that you fley be the daye, you showe to desire it the nighte. P. 5 flede. £■1450 Myrc 1374 Wythowte werke or fleschly dede py chastyte from pe doth flede. 2 . Past tense, a. 1 Adah, Adh, 3Aeah, Aeeh, {south. 2 vleh, 4 vlea}), 4-5 flagh(e, (also rarely as pi.), 3-4 flei, fleih, flei}, fleigh (rarely as//.), fley, Ae}(h. 4:825 Vesp. Psalter cxiii [cxiv], 3 Sae £eseah & fleh. a 1000 Boeth. Metr. i. 20 (Gr.) Fleah casere mid pam aeSelingum ut on Crecas. 4:1200 Ormin 823 He flseh till wesste fra pe folic. ^ a 1225 Leg. Kath. 16 Wes Maxence ouercumen & fleah into Alixandre. a 1225 Ancr. R. 160 He fleih his holi kun icoren of ure Louerde. c 1250 Gen. <5- Ex. 430 Caym fro him [adam] fle3. 1340 Ayenb. 129 pet hette agar po hi ulea3 uram hare lheuedi. C1340 Cursor M. 7592 (Trin.) Mony fley wip depes wounde. 1382 Wyclif Ps. cxiv. 3 The se sa3 and flei3. 1387 Trevisa Higdcn (Rolls) I. 189 pat prince sauede men pat fleigh to hym. a 1400 Octouian 1149 Florentyn yaf hym swych a dent As he forth fle}h, That [etc.], c 1400 Destr. Troy 6001 As pai flaghe in the filde. 0 . 3 fleu, 3, 6 flew(e, 4 flewgh. [Common to this vb. with Fly; ? influenced by str. pa. t. of Flow.] 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 18 pe kyng with a fewe men hymself flew at the laste. Ibid. (1724) 258 He fleu [printed flen] wyp muche wo. c 1380 Wyclif Set. Whs. III. 412 Seynt Poule. .flewgh suche beggynge. 7. plural, i fluson, *un, 2-4 flu}en, (3 flu}- hen, Orm. -enn, fluhen, flue), 3 flu(w)en, south. vluwen, 3-5 flo}en, floghen (hence 5 flogh as sing.), 4 floun, 3 -5 flowe(n. c 950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 56 Alle. .geflugun. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Mark v. 14 Soplice pa 5 e hi heoldon flugon. c 1200 Ormin 893 Bape flu^henn fra pe folc. C1205 Lay. 1845 pa eatendes flu3en [u 1275 flowen]. c 1225 Ancr. R. 106 His deore diciples fluen alle vrom him. Ibid. 392 His deciples . .vluwen alle urom him. a 1225 Juliana 52 pat ter fluhen monie. c 1250 Gen. j- Ex. 861 On of hem, 5 e flo3en a-wei. c 1300 Beket 2144 His disciples flowe anon. 1382 Wyclif Isa. xxxiii. 3 Fro the vois of the aungil floun puples. c 1400 Destr. Troy 4732 The ffrigies floghen. Ibid. 11969 Ecuba .. egerly flogh. c 1425 Sez>en Sag. (P.) 822 As thay flowen toward the felde. 5 . 4-7 fledd(e, 4 south, vledde, 5 fleded, fleede, 6-7 flet, 7 Sc. flaid, 4- fled, plural. 3-4 ? flededen, 4-5 fleden, fledden, -on. c 1300 K. Alis. 2441 So heo ferden .. And flodeden [tread flededen.] C1330R. Brunne Chro7t.{i?>io) 88Malcolme. .fled for ferd. 1340 Ayenb. 206 He him uledde ase wys and hise uorlet. c 1384 Chaucer H. Fame 1.179 Iulo And eke askanius also ffleden. ? a 1400 Morte A rth. 1431 Thane pe Bretons.. fleede to pe foreste. c 1400 Destr. Troy 1349 The Troiens.. ffleddon in fere and pe filde leuyt. 1490 Caxton Eneydos xxxi. 118 Dedalus fleded to Thetys for fere of the kyns^e MynosofCrete. 1497 WriothesleyC/* nw.(1875) I. 3 Perkin Werbeck. .fledd to Bowdley St. Marie. 1647 H* More Song of Soul 1.111. Ixvii, But what could well be sav’d to Simon flet. 3 . Pa. pple. a. x flo3en, 2 Ilu3en, 3 iflo^en, south, ivlowen, 3-4 yflowefn, 4-5 flowe(n, -yn, iflowen, (4 flawen). c 1205 Lay. 4764 Brennes wes awaci iflo3en. a 1225 Ancr. R. 168 }e habbe 5 pene world ivlowen. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724)311 Of scaped he was & yflowe. ^1320 Cast. Lot.>c 470 For-pi Ich am of londe i-flowen. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. C. 214 He watz flawen fro pe face of frelych dry^tyn. c 1340 Cursor M. 16743 (Laud) His appostils wern flowyn hym fro. ? a 1400 A rthur 579 Mordred was flow, c 1420 Chron. VHod. 387 He nold not for pe crosse han flowe. 13 . 4 fledd, flede, -eed, 5 fledde, 4- fled, n: 1300 Cursor M. 17554 (Cott.) He. .es vnto pe felles fledd. c 1325 Coer de L. 2301 The emperour was fled away, c 1380 Wyclif Whs. (1880) 290 Fleed of men as disceyt of pe fend. 1400 Morte A rth. 2488 The dyre feemene are flede. c 1440 York Myst. xxii. 188 pis fende pat nowe is fledde. 1539 Bible (Great) Acts xvi. 27 Supposing that the presoners had bene fledde [1557 (Geneva', 1582 (Rheims) and x6ii : fled]. B. Significations. I. intr. 1 . To run away from or as from clanger; to take flight; to try to escape or seek safety by flight. Also, to flee away, out , and to fleefor it. U825 [see A. 2]. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. viii. 33 Da hyrdas witodlice flugon. c 1205 Lay. 5564, & swiSe monie per fluwen & ferden to Rome, a 1300 Cursor M. 2614 iCott.) Sco was fain to fle a-wai. c 1325 Coer de L. 2303 Flowen was that fals coward, c 1340 Cursor M. 9213 (Trin. ) pe kyng fley out bi ny3t. c 1400 Destr. Troy 10077 The grekes flowen in fere & the feld leuyt. 1489 Caxton Faytes of A. 11. xxxvii. 155 They shall make as they dide flee. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Mortimers xx, For they fle we, I feared them the lesse. 1605 Camden Rem. 216 One that had in his forehead a bounch of flesh, fledde away a great pase. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 80 P 3 My Confusion at last was so great, that without speaking, or being spoken to, I fled for it. 1847 James J. Marston Hall ix, Some of them fled as fast as their legs would carry them. 1884 F. M. Crawford Rom. Singer (1886) I. 90 A hundred women will tell you that they are ready to flee with you. Proverb, a 1250 Owl <5* Night. 176 ‘Wel fi3t that wel fligt', seith the wise. 13.. Prov. Hendyn% ix. in Rel. Ant. I. hi ‘Wel fytht, that wel flyth’ Quoth hiendyng. b. Const. J* forth of, from, out of. U825 Vesp. Psalter lxvii[i]. 2 Feond his. .flen from onsiene his. 1154 O. E. Chron. an. 1137 Sume flugen ut of lande. c 1250 Gen. <5- Ex. 430 Caym fro him fle3. c 1450 Myrc 1681 3 ef he haue grace in herte to se How aungelus.. From hym faste flen. 1550 Crowley Last Trump 29 When Elias fled away from Ahab. 1564 H award Eutropius vii. 69 He [Nero] fled forthe of his palace. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, 11. iv. 248 The Rogue fled from me like Quick-siluer. 1611 Bible Job xx. 24 He shall flee from the iron weapon. c. Conjugated with be. c 1250 Gen. <$• Ex. 3396 3 ^t sal 5 e kinde of amalech Ben al fled dun in deades wrech. ^1320 Sir Tristr. 2223 Tristrem was fled oway. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. eexxxii. 250 Whan pyers was fledde oute of spayn. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 479 And mony freik out of the feild wes fled. 1671 II. M. tr. Colloq. Erasmus 543 He won by an assault a strong defenced Castle, whereinto the Lady great with child was fled. f d. refl. ; also quasi-**a«j., to flee one's way. c 1205 Lay. 16078 Ah flih flih pinne wa;i. a 1300 Cursor M. 5680 (Gott.) Moyses .. fledd him into madian. C1340 Ibid. 7676 (Fairf.) He him fled to samuel. 1470-85 Malory Arthur vm. vii, Syr Marhaus .. fledde his waye. 1535 Coverdale Judith xv. 3 The Assirians. .kept not them selues together, but fled their waye. 2 . To hasten for safety or protection {to, + on), Beowulf 764 (Gr.) Mynte se mara, hwair he meahte .. on weg panon fleon on fenhopu. C825 Vesp. Psalter cxlii[i]. 9 Dryhten to 5 e ic gefleh. c 1205 Lay. 16080 Fleo pider pe pu fleo. a 1300 Cursor M. 6675 (Cott.) pof he to mine auter flei. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. 111. 220 Falsnesse for fere p® flegh to pe freres. 1535 Coverdale Zcch. xiv. 5 Ye shall fle vnto the valley of my hilles. . 1678 Tillotson Sermons (ed. 3) I. 64 We can have, .none in all the world to fle [ed. 1671 p. 64 flye] to, but Him. 1718 Prior Solomon 111. 482 In vain for Life He to the Altar fled. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 176 The Presbyterians .. fled to the foot of the throne. 1858 M. Porteous Souter Johnny 30 Or silly mortal blinks an ee To muckle Jupiter ye’ll flee. + b. refl. Obs. a 1300 CursorM. 5680 (Gott.) Moises.. fled him into madian. 1600 Holland Livy xliv. vi. (1609) 1174 b, The king .. fled himselfe to Pydna. 1610 Healey St. Aug. Citie of God (1620)143 F ut those, .either fled themselves into such places . .or else were brought thither. J* c. To have recourse to. Obs. 1563 Homilies 11. Agst. Idolatry hi. (1859) 220 They, .flee to this aunswere, that [etc.]. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc s Trav. 270 The servants and others fled to their swords. 3 . To withdraw hastily, take oneself off, go away. Also with away. Const, from, out of. Also, To swerve from (a commandment) ; to keep free from (a practice). <7825 Vesp. Psalter cxkx\W\[\]. 7 From onsiene 3 inre liwider fleom ic.‘ c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 127 On his 3uwe$e he fleh fro folke to weste. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724)501 Clerkes & lewede, that fram thi seruise wolle fle. c 1340 Cursor M. 9816(Trin.) His hert au^te bettur breke in pre pen fro his biddyngis to fle. c 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. 1307 Dido, Ye wol nat fro your wyf thus foule fleene ! £1440 Partonopc 4881 Thys made me vtterly fro yow fleene. 1611 Bible Gen. xxxi. 27 Wherefore didst thou flee away secretly? 1717 Pope Eloisa 131 From the false world in early youth they fled. 1820 Keats St. Agnes xlii, These lovers fled away into the storm. 1848 Mrs. Jameson Sacr. fy Leg. Art (1850) 193 Two years later he fled from society. + b. To depart this life. a 1300 Cursor AI. 20260 (Gott.) Hu sal we Hue quen pu will fle? 4 . To make one’s escape, get safely away. a 1300 Cursor M. 7755 (Cott.) par pai fell pat moght not fle. c 1300 Haveloh 1882 Late we nouth thise doges fle. FLEECE. FLEECEABLE 1382 Wyclif Acts xvi. 27 Wenyngc the boundyn men for to haue fled, <71430 Lydg. Min. Poems 186 He is a foie that .. fled is fro prisoun. 1667 Milton P. L. iv. 963 Flie thither whence thou [Satan] fledst. 1821 Shelley Epips. 272 As a hunted deer that could not flee, I .. stood at . To pass away quickly and suddenly; to dis¬ appear, vanish. Also with away. ci2oo Tritt. Coll. Horn. 175 He is fleonde alse shadewe. e spirit )>at was fledd Again come in J> at ilk stede. 1382 Wyclif Rev. xvi. 20 And ech ijle fley awey and hilles ben not founde. c 1450 Holland Howlat 140 The Swallowe so swyft. .is forthwart to fle. 1639 Massinger Unnat. Combat v. ii, Take not thy flight so soon immaculate spirit: 'Tis fled already. 1712-4 Poi’E Rape Lock 1. 51 When Woman’s transient breath is fled. 1776 Gibbon Decl . <$• F. I. vii. 199 The animating health and vigour were fled. 1818 Shelley Rev. Islam v. xliii. 6 As I approached, the morning’s golden mist .. fled. 1850 Elder's House 215 Pale flowers, Whose life and bloom are fled. 1886 A. Winchell Walks $ Talks in Geol. Field 214 A million of years may flee away before one revolution is completed. 6 . Occasionally used for Fly ( = volare). (Often in Shelley.) Examples of the present stem from dialect literature (Sc. and northern Eng.) are not given here, as in them flee is the regular form of Fly. In recent instances, the use of flee for fly is chiefly for the sake of rime, or to produce a sort of archaistic effect; in older writers it may be due variously to confusion between the two vbs., to adoption of dialectal phrases (esp. in ‘to let flee'), or to a development from sense 5. c 1000 /Elfric Horn. (Th.) I. 142 Culfran lufia <5 annysse, and fleoS him floccmaelum. 1382 Wyclif Jer. xlviii. 40 As an egle he shall fleenout. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) xxii. 238 The tronchouns flen in sprotes and peces. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 211 He let flee at hym like a Dragon. 1592 Shaks. Ven. 3- Ad. 947 Loues golden arrow at him should haue fled. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. ii. 11. Babylon 221 Make fast this rope, and then they let it flee. 1612 J. Davies Muse's Sacr. Wks. (Grosart) II. 75/1 At which forthwith he [the Libard] flees, And piece-meal teares it. 1770 J. Love Cricket 5 The Youth cries Rub; O Flee, you Ling’rer, Flee! 1815 Shelley A lastor 358 The boat fled on. 1821 — Ginevra 21 1 The dark arrow fled In the noon. II. trans. 7 . To run away from, hasten away from ; to quit abruptly, forsake (a person or place, etc.). a 1000 Andreas 1540(Gr.) Waes him ut myne fleon fealone stream, a 1300 Cursor M. 14884 (Cott.) He folus bairn and ]>ai him fle. 1386 Rolls oflParlt. III. 225/1 Some fledde the Citee for feere. 1548 Hall Citron., Hen. VI, 95 Straungers in great nombre fled the land. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, 11. i. 19 So fled his Enemies my Warlike Father. 1597 — 2 Hen. IV, 1. L 18 Yong Prince Iohn ..fled the Field. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. ii. 1. Ark 43 The more be [a River] flees his source. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 3 Upon better view he feared ana fled us. 1647-8 Cotterell Davilas Hist. Fr. (1678) 21 He was forced to flee his Country. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 130 All his Attendants had fled his Presence. 1801 Southey Thalaba ix. xxxix, She fled the Place of Tombs. flg. c 1400 Rom. Rose 4786 If thou flee it, it shal flee thee; Folowe it, and folowen shal it thee. 1513 Douglas AEneisw. i. 132 Now, at the last, that fled ws euer moir, The forther cost Itaile haif we caucht. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 291 All temptacyons fledde theyr holynesse. 1816 Byron Ch. Har. hi. xxxix, When Fortune fled her spoil’d and favourite child. 1882 Stevenson New Arab. Nts . (1884) J 3° Sleep continued to flee him. 8 . In weaker sense : To avoid with dread or dis¬ like ; to eschew, shun. Occas. in passive; also + with infin. as obj. a 1000 Boeth. Metr. vii. 30 (Gr.) He sceal swicSe flion Jflsse worulde wlite. c 1200 Ormin 8056 pa flash I childess coss- tess. c 1200 Tritt. Coll. Horn. 127 He fle3 here ferrede. a 1300 Cursor M. 1952 (Gott.) Fle falshed and theft, a 1340 Hampole Psalter i. 1 His verray lufers folous him fleand honur. C1386 Chaucer Monk's T. 265 Fro hir childhod.. sche fledde Office of wommen. ’la 1400 Cato's Morals 55 in CursorM. App. iv. 1670 Fle to take wife, .bot ho be honest. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 59 A wood hound flee)? mete & water, c 1440 Jacob's Well xv. 100 An angry man. .owyth to be fled as a raveynous dogge. 1550 Crowley Epigr. 667 Auoid and fle dice. 1563 Homilies 11. Agst. Idolatry in. (1859) 2 3° Aungels flee to take vnto them by sacrelege the honoure dewe to God. 1766 Fordyce Serm. Vng. Worn. (1767) II. xi. 159 Flee them, my fair pupils, flee them with horror. 1818 Shelley Rosalind 41 ,1 would flee Thy tainting touch. 9 . To contrive to avoid, save oneself from, escape from, evade. Now rare. c 1200 Ormin 9803 Hu J? e 33 mihhtenn fleon Drihhtiness irre. a 1300 Cursor M. 3001 (Cott.) Your harm sa wend i best to fle. c 1340 Ibid. 22503 (Fairf.) For to flee )?e dai of awe. 1563-87 Foxe A. <$■ M. (1596) 108/2, I..haue long fleene the hands of mine enemies. 1821 Shelley Prometh. Unb. 1. 783 On Death’s white and winged steed Which the fleetest cannot flee. Flee-boat: see Fly-boat. Fleece (flzs), sb. Forms: 1 fldos, flies, flys, 3 fleos, 4-6 flies, flyes, 4-6 flees, fles(e, (4 flus, 5 fleese, fleys, flesse, 6 fleise), 5-6 Sc. fleis(s, 6 flece, Sc. flesche, 7 fliece, Sc. fleesh, 6- fleece. [Com. WGer. OE .fleos neut., corresponds to Du. vlies, MHG. vlies (Ger .fliesz, vliesz ); there is also a form with umlaut, OY,. flics, flys = MHG. vlius (Ger. fleusz, fliisz ); the two types represent WGer. *fleusoz -, fliusiz -; an ablaut variant *flhso-z ap¬ pears in MLG. and MUG. vhls sheepskin, mod. Ger. flaus masc. woollen coat. Connexion with the root of L. pliima feather, Plume, is probable.] 309 1 . The woolly covering of a sheep or similar I animal. a 1000 Laws Ina c. 69 Sceap sceal gongan mid his fliese o 3 midne sumor. c 1000 Ags. Ps. Lxxii. 6 And [he] asta?; swe swe regn in fleos. a 1225 Ancr. R. 66 Monie cumed to ou ischrud mid lombes fleose, & beo 5 wode wulues. a 1300 E. E. Psalter lxxii. 6 He sal com down als rain in flees soft. 1382 Wyclif Gen. xxx. 35 A 1 the flok of o colour, that is, of whyet or of blak flese. c 1450 Holland Howlat 753 Thow joyuss fleiss of Gedion. 1501 Douglas Pal. Hon. iii. xxxvi, To win the fleis of gold. 1508 Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 423 Cled in cair weid, As foxe in a lambis fleise fen^e I my cheir. 1563 Winzet tr. Vincent. Lirin. xxxi. Wks. 1890 II. 65 Maid as certane fleisis of wow. 1637 T. Morton New Eng. Canaan 11. x. 98 These beasts are of the bignesse of a Cowe..their fleeces very usefull, being a kinde of wolle. 1725 Pope Odyss. 1. 557 Stretch’d on the downy fleece, no rest he knows. 1804 J. Grahame Sabbath 456 Where lambs of whitest fleece sport on the hills. 1877 Simmonds Anim. Products 66 Its [the Alpaca’s] fleece is superior to that of the sheep in length and softness. b. Her. The figure of a sheepskin with its wool suspended by a ring. c. Order of the Golden Fleece : an order of knighthood instituted at Bruges in 1430 by Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy. The right of investiture in the order of the Golden Fleece now belongs to the sovereigns of Austria and Spain. 1525 Two Proph. Eng. in Furniv, Ballads from MSS. I. 306 A king to were a flemyshe flece, all Sacksons shall hyt Rewe. 1539 Inv. Habiliments, etc., Jas. V. Scot. (1815) 49 Item the ordoure of the Empriour with the goldin fleis. 1548 Hall Citron., Edw. IV, 213 The kyng ware the golden Flees, and the duke ware the Garter. 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI, iv. vii. 6p Knight of the Noble Order of S. George, Worthy S. Michael, and the Golden Fleece. 1842 Longf. Belfry Bruges 22 Knights who bore the Fleece of Gold. 1849 Disraeli Corr. w. Sister 11 Mar. (1886) 220 He [Guizot] had his red ribbon on and also his golden fleece. 2 . The quantity of wool shorn from a sheep at one time. ^ c 1460 Fortescue Abs. 4* Lint. Mon. xii. (1885) 140 The ix th fflese off thair wolles, and also the ix th Shef off per graynes. 1672 Petty Pol. Anat. (1691) 54 A Fleece of Wool in Ireland is about 2 /. weight. 1782 Burns Poor Mailie's Elegy vi, A bonier fleesh ne’er cross'd the clips. 1829 Scott Anne ofG. vi, Thou shalt have a necklace of jet at next shearing-feast, if our fleeces bear any price in the market. 1868 Rogers Pol. Econ. xii. (1876) 11 The average weight of a fleece was not more than two pounds. + b. fig. A share of booty. Obs. In quot. 1703 fleece is apprehended as ‘act of fleecing’. 1601 Holland Livy vi. xv. (1609) 226 Thy selfe wouldest have a fliece with them [inparte prsedae rts]. 1603 Breton Packet Lett. 11. xxxix (Grosart) II. 43 When their wits goe a wool-gathering among shrewes that haue had fleeces. 1703 Mrs. Centlivre Beau's Duel 11. ii, There’s scarce a Match-maker in the whole Town, but has had a Fleece at his Purse. 3 . In various transferred uses. + a. A coating periodically shed or removed. 1603 Owen Pembrokeshire (1891) 74 The stonne Marie .. beinge cast on the lande, casteth yerely a ffleece of sande. b. A crop of vegetation; also fig. 1513 Douglas /Eneis xii. Prol. 80 So thik the plantis sprang in euery pece, The feyldis ferleis of thar fructuus flece. 1793 Trans. Soc. Encourag. Arts (e d. 2) V. 86 The land .. will produce little else but a fleece of weeds. 1793 Ann. Agric., Snff. XIX. 214 There was a very fine fleece of marl grass. 1831 Scott Jrnl. 5 May, A fleece of letters, which must be answered, I suppose. 1855 Browning Two in Campagna v, The champaign with its endless fleece Of feathery grasses everywhere. c. A ‘ head ’ or mass of hair. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iv. (1586) 175 b, Others [Bees] cary water with their mouths, and droppes in their, little fleeses. 1600 S. Nicholson Acolastus Eijb, Wit- nesse this snow-white fleece vpon my head, c 1600 Shaks. Sonn. lxviii, Ere beauties dead fleece made another gay. 1711 Lond. Gaz. No. 4841/4 Stolen..a Mare..with a white Fleece down the Face. 1831 Carlyle Sart. Res. 1. v, The Aboriginal Savage, glaring fiercely from under his fleece of hair. >859 Tennyson Vivien 839 The .. many-winter’d fleece of throat and chin. 1865 Swinburne Poems § Ball., F'austine 3 Back to the shoulder with its fleece Of locks. d. Applied to anything resembling a sheep’s fleece either in appearance or consistence; a white cloud, etc. ; a quantity of falling snow, or of some light substance, as air, vapour, etc. 1671 R. Bohun Wind 40 Superincumbent Air; which I suppose to ly in severall fleeces or storys one above another. 1686 Goad Celest. Bodies 1. ii. 4 Whenever it snows..the greater is the Fleece, the warmer is the Air. 1692 Bentley Boyle Led. i. 7 Certain thin fleeces of Atoms, that flow incessantly from the surfaces of Bodies. 1715-20 Pope Iliad in. 284 Soft as the fleeces of descending snows. 1728 — Dune. 11. 362 Till show’rs of Sermons, Characters, Essays, In circling fleeces whiten all the ways. x 74*>-7 Hervey Medii. (1818) 83 Abundance of ruddy streaks tinge the fleeces of the firmament. 1834 H. Miller Scenes 4- Leg. xi. (1857) *^7 A deep fleece of vapour rose from the surface. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxix. (1856) 246 The mackerel fleeces and mare’s tails of our summer skies. 1865 Masson Rec. Brit. Philos, iii. 229 Beads or fleeces of oily substance hung in some gauze-work. e. spec. The thin sheet of cotton or wool fibre that is taken from the breaking-card. Also, a textile fabric with a soft silky pile used for lining, etc.: cf. fleece-lined in 6. 1853 Ure Did. Arts I. 510 One [card], called a breaker, which turns off the cotton in a broad fleece of extreme thin¬ ness. 1878 I. Watts in Encycl. Brit.W. 493 The cotton is taken from the doffer in a very light fleece by means of a vibrating comb. 4. Used for a sheep, or colled, sheep. 1798 Wolcott (P. Pind.) Talcs of Hoy Wks. 1812 IV. 427 And all the tribe of fleeces follow. ?at l>ou sulde desire fleand |?ingis. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon liv. 181 Suche fleynge vacabondes. 1877 Daily News 5 Nov. 4/7 A large proportion of the fleeing troops would perish in the attempt. Fleem, obs. f. Fleam sb . 1 Fleer (flrsi), sb . 1 Now rare. Also 4-6 fleear. [f. Flee v. -f --er 1 .] One who flees; a. one who runs away, a fugitive ; b. one who withdraws from or shuns (const, of). 1375 Barbour Bruce iii. 51 He reskewyt all the fiearis. C1470 Henry Wallace x. 341 Sic a flear befor was neuir seyn. •598 Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. xv. iv. 227 Which fear of the fleers away was no less ignominious, then if.. they had turned their backs to the enemie. 1721 Kelly Scot. Prov. 47 A Fleer [ printed Sleer] would ay have a Follower. 1829 J. Galt Let. in Ann. Parish Pref. 71 A refuge for the fleers from the calamities of the world. 1881 W. Wilkins Songs of Study 68 Shunner of sloth, and fleer of revels and feasts. Fleer sb 1 Also 7 flear, fleere. [f. Fleer v.] 1 . A mocking look or speech ; a sneer, a gibe; ‘ mockery expressed either in words or looks * (J.). 1604 Shaks. Oth. iv. i. 83 Marke the Fleeres, the Gybes and notable Scomes That dwell in euery Region of his face. 1654 Fuller Two Serm. 4 The fleere and flout which their prophanenesse was pleased to bestow upon him. 1754 Foote Knights 11. Wks. 1799 I. 84 None of your fleers ! I am glad here s a husband coming that will take you down. 1886 Miss Broughton Dr. Cupid II, i. 12 Perhaps there was some truth in Betty’s fleer, of her never having known any better company than that of the village apothecary. 12 . ‘ A deceitful grin of civility ’ (J.). Obs. 1681 D’Urfey Progr. Honesty xiv. 62 A sly Phanatick fleer. 1688 South Serm., Falshood (1737) I. xii. 468 Such a sly, treacherous fleer upon their face. 1727 Swift To Stella 47 Flattery tipt with nauseous fleer. b. nonce-use. In good sense : A cheerful look, a smile. 1866 Carlyle Remin. (1881) I. 71 A tallish man of rugged countenance, which broke out oftenest into some innocent fleer of merriment, or readiness to be merry when you addressed him. Fleer v. Forms: 4-6 flery(e, 5-7, 8-9 dial, fly re, -er, flire, 6 flirre, flurre, 6-8, 9 dial. flear(e, 6-7 fle(e)re, flier(e, 7-8 fleir(e, 6- fleer. [Perh. of Scandinavian origin, though not recorded in ON. ; cf. Norw. and Sw. dial .Jlira, Da. dial .flire to grin, laugh unbecomingly.] fl. intr. To make a wry face, distort the coun¬ tenance; to grin, grimace. Obs. la 1400 [see Fleering ppl. a.]. 1530 Palsgr. 551/2, I fleere, I make an yvell countenaunce with the mouthe by uncoveryng of the tethe. 1570 Levins Manip. 190 To flurre with the lippes, labia promitt ere. 1599 B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. v. i, Let her fleere, and looke a scew. 1683 Hickeringill Trimmer i. Wks. 1716 I. 358 Treat a Monky seriously and correct him never so effectually, and he ’ll only flear at you. a 1715 Pennecuik Truth's Trav. Wks. (1815) 395 Falset began to fleir and greit. 1790 Morison Poems 96 How then he’d stare wi’ sour grimace .. Syne flyre like some outlandish race, At wretched me. 2 . To laugh in a coarse, impudent, or unbecoming manner. I S 53 Latimer Serm. (1562) 115/b, In some places they go with the corses girnyng and fleeryng, as though they went to a beare-baiting. 1603 H. Crosse Vcrtues Connnw. (1878) 141 For you shall neuer see a drunkard so wel-aduised ..but either fleere and laugh it out, or he furious and quarrelsome. 1747 T. Story Life 51 He whispered to me .. ‘This is a Tythe-goose ’; and then fleer’d. 1806 R. Jamieson Pop. Ballads I. 348 He .. flyret at me as I wad hae him. 1864 Daily Tel. 17 Mar., Impudent-looking wenches .. leering and fleering and chuckling con amore. + 3 . To laugh or smile flatteringly or fawningly. Const, on, upon. Obs. 15.. Chester PI. (Shaks. Soc.) II. 51 Though he flyer, flatter, and flicker. 1549 Chaloner tr. Erasm. Moiix Enc. A iv, This next hir that fareth as if she Aired upon you .. is Adulacion. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. in. xi, How popular and curteous, how they grinne and fliere vpon euery man they meet. 1673 F. Kirkman Unlucky Citizen 166, I found no alteration, she still fleir’d on me. 4 . To laugh mockingly or scornfully; to smile or grin contemptuously; hence, to gibe, jeer, sneer. Const, at, + upon. c 1440 Bone Flor. 1769 Tho two false .. beganne to lagh and flerye. 1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 1033/1 When they mocke all lessons that are giuen them and flyre at them. 1621 Elsing Debates Ho. Lords (Camden) 112 The affront of Sir J. Bfourchier] fleering into the L. Keeper’s face. 1667 Pepys Diary 8 Mar., All the people of the Hall did fleer and laugh upon him. 1732 Cay Achilles iii. liv. Must you he fleering? Truce with your jeering. 1825 Lamb Vision of Horns Wks. (1875) 351 Instead of apology, he only grinned and fleered in my face. 1875 Tennyson Q. Mary 11. ii, I have heard One of your Council fleer and jeer at him. 5 . trails. To laugh mockingly at, ridicule, deride. 1622 Fletcher Span. Curate iv. vii, I blush to think how people fleer’d and scorn’d me. 1788 ‘A. Pasquin’ Childr. Thespis 1. (1792) 52 Their high born disdain if keen Satire should fleer ’em. 1871 Dixon To'iuer IV. vii. 73 That mimic fleered and mocked his [the King’s] Chancellor. Hence Fleered ppl. a. 1632 Lithgow Trav. m. 109 Nor ne’er ten miles was travell’d from his cradle Yet faine would sit the fieerd Pegasian sadle. Fleer, obs. var. Flare v. 1761 Mrs. F. Sheridan Sidney Bidulph (1767) V. 197 These little snug marriages, where Hymen comes as it were incog., without his tawdry saffron-coloured robe to fleer in people’s eyes. Fleer er (flD’rsj). [f. Fleer v. + -erT] One who fleers; a mocker, fa ‘fawner’ (J.). <11625 Fletcher Nice Valour v. i, Democritus, thou ancient Fleerer, How I miss thy laugh. 1676 D’Urfey Mad. Fickle in. i, This eternal fleerer will jear me to a Consumption. 1769 R. Cumberland Brothers in. viii, A woman of your years shou’d have more sense than to mind what such idle young fleerers can say of you. Fleering (filing), vbl. sb. [f. Fleer v. + -ing b] The action of the vb. Fleer. 1533 More Debell. Salem Wks. 962/2 Haue they neuer so fayre a flering at the first face: yet.. they bee.. farre woorse than noughte. 1570 T. Norton in Udall’s Royster D. (1847) p. *li> Their fleering, .their whisperings, shewed their hartes. 1669 Penn No Cross xvii. § 5 What Laughing, what Fleering, what Mocking of their homely Fashion would there be? 1827 Macaulay Country Clergym. Trip vi, No fleering ! no distance ! no scorn ! 1892 G. S. Layard C. Keenevm. 176 Hefound little or no pleasure in. .the fleering or flouting at a fellow-creature. fig. 1840 Browning Sordello 1. 277 He Partook the poppy’s red effrontery, Till Autumn spoiled their fleering quite with rain. Fleering (flD’rig), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing 2 .] That fleers ; + grinning, grimacing ; t smiling ob¬ sequiously; laughing coarsely or scornfully. ? <11400 Morte Arth. 1088 Flatt mowthede as a fluke, with fleryande lyppys. Ibid. 2779 Thow ffleryande wryche ! c 1450 Holland Ho'iulat lxiv. 820 In come twa flyrand fulis with a fonde fair, a 1529 Skelton Poems agst. Carncsche FLEERISH. 311 FLEET. 152 Fleriing, flatyryng, fals, and fykkelle. 1576 Fleming Cains' Eng. Dogges{ 1880)37 This dogge exceedeth all other in. .his leering and fleering lookes. 1608 R. Cavvdrey Table Alph., Giglot, strumpet, a fliering wench. 1673 Dryden Amboyna 1. Wks. 1883 V. 18, I do not like these fleering Dutchmen, they overact their kindness, a 1712 W. King Hold Fast Belcnv 19 Says then the fleering spark, with courteous grin ..‘Nothing more easy’. 1833 Macaulay Walpole's Lett. Ess. 1854 I. 272 His tone was light and fleer¬ ing. 1879 Howells L. Aroostook (1883) II. 26 His fleering, drunken laugh. 1890 H. M. Stanley Darkest Africa II. 402 Jeering youths and fleering girls. Hence Fleeringly adv., in a fleering manner. C1613 Rowlands Paire of Spy-Knaves 3 A purblinde Momus fleeringly will looke, And spie no knaue but's selfe in all the Booke. 1728 Morgan Algiers I. vi. 189 The Jerbin..had looked fleeringly all the Time. 1887 Steven¬ son Merry Men iv, He saw and recognized us with a toss of one hand fleeringly above his head. Pleerish (fll®-rij). *SV. Also fl.ouri.ee, fleurish. (Flint and) steel. 1825 Jamieson Suppl., Flourice. 1871 W. Alexander Johnny Gibb xi. 81 Parishioners .. who cared not to carry ‘ fleerish and flint’ in their ‘Sunday claes’. 1880 Shirley Crookit Meg xxii. in Fraser's Mag. May 651 A piece of tinder is ignited with the old-fashioned ‘flint and fleerish’. 1892 Blackw. Mag. Oct. 486 In Buchan the steel was called the fleurish or fleerish. Fleet (Aft), sb.l Forms: 1 fleot, 3 fleote, 4-6 flete, 6-7 fleete, 6- fleet. [OE .JUot (? str. fern., as may be inferred from the early ME. form), re¬ corded once in sense ‘ ship, vessel ’ (or collect. — means of sea-travel, boats or ships in general), f. fltotan Fleet v. Cf. OE .jlyte (?or Jlyte) ‘ponto- nium * (iElfric Gloss.) from the same root.] 1 . A sea force, or naval armament; in early use, a number of vessels carrying armed men, under a single command; in modern use, a number of ships armed and manned for war, each having its own commanding officer, under the orders of the admiral in chief, or of the flag-officer in command of a division. To go round or through the fleet : to be flogged on board each vessel in the fleet. a 1000 Prayers (Gr.-Wiilck.) iv. 100 Hwy ic gebyege bat on saewe, fleot on faroSe. 6-1205 Lay. 2155 Humber king & al his fleote, & his muchele scip ferde. c 1325 Coer de L. 1653 All redy they fonde ther her flete, Chargyd with armur. 1393 Gower Conf I. 197 That vessel .. Which maister was of all the flete. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 1.66/2 Flete of schyppys yn J>e see, classis. 1527 R. Thorne His Booke in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 255 He armed a fleete. 1628 Digby Voy.Medit. (1868) 1 The straightes fleete .. being gone 4 houres . .when wee sett sayle. 1718 Freethinker No. 60. V 7 They would not permit the Carthaginians to fit out any Fleets. 1841 Marryat Poacher xxxix, They .. for the double offence, would go through the fleet. Ibid., One of the marines .. was to have gone round the fleet this morning. 1855 Mil- man Lat. Chr. (1864) II. iv. ix. 427 A formidable armament ..embarked on board a great fleet, b. The fleet', the navy, 1712 Addison Sped. No. 500 ip 3 Whether it be in the army or in the fleet, in trade, or in any of the three learned pro¬ fessions. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., Fleet, a general name given to the royal navy. e. In wider sense : A number of ships or boats sailing in company. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. 40 A Fleet of Pereagoes laden with Indian Corn, .going to Cartagena. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. 338 The Brasil Ships come all in Fleets. 1777 Robertson Hist. Amer. I. 1. 45 He immediately equipped a fleet to carry a colony of Portuguese to these islands. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop v, A fleet of barges were coming lazily on. 1865 Cornh. Mag. Apr. 465 The whole ‘ fleet * [of colliers] as it is sometimes called, must anchor. 1884 Stubbs' Mercantile Circular 27 Feb. 194/1 The total catch of mackerel by the New England fleet was 226,685 barrels. 2 . transfl A number of persons, birds, or other objects moving or employed in company. Now rare, exc. dial. The dial, use (quot. 1884), which has passed into sporting lang., may be a northern pronunc.^ of Flight. a 1400-50 Alexander 1196 (Dublin) To founde forth with a flete [Ashmole flote] of fyfe hundreth knyghtez. 1649 Bp. Guthrie Mem. (1702) 67 As soon as Episcopacy had been thrust out of this Church, there came, .from Ireland a fleet of Scottish People. 1675 Crowne Country Wit 11. Dram. Wks. 1874 III. 53, I will convey you safe home with my fleet of lanthorns. 1810 Sporting Mag. XXXV. 311 A fleet of wild ducks had alighted. 1878 Cumbld. Gloss . s.v., ‘Thou’s cap't t’heall fleet o’ them.’ 1884 Chesh. Gloss., Fleet , an assemblage of birds when they come to their feed¬ ing ground or roosting quarters. 3 . Fisheries. (See quots.) 1879 Encycl. Brit. IX. 251 They [nets in drift-fishing] are fastened together end to end, and thus form what is called a train, fleet, or drift of nets. 1887 Kent. Gloss, s.v., Every Folkestone herring-boat carries a fleet of nets, and sixty nets make a fleet. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss., Fleet, a row of floating herring nets at sea attached to each other and to the fishing boat. 4 . attrib., as fleet regatta, surgeon. 1891 Pall Mall G. 18 Nov. 5/2 The annual fleet regatta. 1892 Ibid. 30 Aug. 6/1 Dr. Irving was subsequently fleet surgeon to Lord Wolseley in the Ashantee campaign. Fleet (flit), si/. 2 Now only local. Forms : i fl6ot(e, 5-9 flete, 6-7 fleet(t)e, 6 flett, 9 flet, 6- fleet. [OE. JUot str. masc. (also fleote wk. fem. or fleota wk. masc.), corresp. to OFr. flet, MDu. vliet masc., nent. (mod.Du. vliet masc.), ML,G. vlet, MHG. viler, (early mod.Ger. fliesz) masc., ON .flj6t neut.; f. OTeut. *fleut-an : see Fleet zl 1 ] 1 . A place where water flows; an arm of the sea ; a creek, inlet, run of water. 6 893 K. jElfred Oros. i. i. § 27 Ispania land is .. eall mid fleote .. ymbhaefd. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 166/2 Flete, there water cometh and goth, fleta. 1530 Palsgr. 221/1 Flete where water cometh, breche. 1622 Drayton Poly-olb. xxiii. 191 To the Sea. .With Mosses, Fleets, and Fells, she showes most wild and rough. 1677 Yarranton Eng. Improv. 108 Cloth .. Fulled with our Mills by the open fleet. 1703 S. Dale in Phil. Trans. XXV. 1575/2 Certain remains of the old Channel, which the neighbouring Inhabitants still call Fleets. 1736 J. Lewis Hist. Isle of Tenet (ed. 2) 78 A certain Flete .. through which little Boats used to come to the aforesaid Town. 1827 Sporting Mag. XXI. 115 Nests formed amongst the reeds, by the side of the Fleets. 1891 A. J. Foster Ouse 214 Several narrow creeks running into the heart of the town [King's Lynn] .. are called ‘fleets’. b. (from the use of creeks in drainage; see supra 1891) : A drain, a sewer. Obs. exc. dial. 1583 Sewers Inquisition 8 (E. D. S.) A new and sufficient head like unto Stockwith new fleet shall [be] made and lade there. 1773 Bursiwick Inclos. Act 22 The fleet or sewer. 1877 N. W. Line. Gloss., Fleet, a kind of drain. c. Comb. : fleet-dyke, -hole (see quots.). 1839 Stonehouse Axholme 263 The west channel would then naturally warp up, and leave what is usually termed in such cases a fleet hole. 1858 Simmonds 2 }/cA Trade , Fleet- dyke, an embankment for preventing inundation. 1877 N. W. Line. Gloss., Fleet-hole, a hole or hollow left by a drain having been diverted, or a bank having broken, and washed away the soil. 2 . The Fleet*, a run of water, flowing into the Thames between Ludgate Hill and Fleet Street, now a covered sewer; called also Fleet ditch; hence, the prison which stood near it. 1530 Palsgr. 201/1 Flete a prisone for gentylmen, con- sergei'ie. 1563-83 Foxe A. $ M. 1191/2 Grafton was sent to the Fleet. 1613 Letter in Burn Fleet Registers (1833) 5 An ancyentt acquayntance of y rs and myne is yesterday maryed in the Fleette. 1712 Arbuthnot John Bull 11. iv, Before the next [term] we shall have him in the Fleet. 1761 A. Murphy {title), Ode to the Naiads of Fleet-ditch. 1837 Dickens Pickw. xl, Mr. Pickwick alighted at the gate of the Fleet. b. attrib. : Fleet books, the records of the marriages celebrated in the Fleet Prison. Fleet chapel, the place where the marriage ceremonies were performed. Fleet marriage, one performed clandestinely by a Fleet parson in the Fleet; also Fleet-Street marriage. Fleet parson, one of a number of disreputable clergymen who were to be found in and about the Fleet ready to perform clandestine marriages. Fleet register = Fleet book. 1719 Original Weekly Jrnl. 26 Sept, in Burn Fleet Registers (1833) 7 Mrs. Ann Leigh, .having been decoyed.. and married at the Fleet Chapel. 1732 Grub Street Jrnl. 20 July (ibid.), A Fleet parson was convicted .. of forty- three oaths. 1736 Ibid. 6 This advice cannot be taken by those that are concerned in y° Fleet marriages, c 1747 Ibid, (title), A Fleet Wedding. 1833 Burn Fleet Registers 5 The Fleet Registers .. commence about the period of the Order of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. 1861 Cornh. Mag. June 688 A worthy woman whose daughter had been en¬ trapped into a Fleet-Street marriage. Fleet, si .3 1829 Trial off. Martin 34, I saw the rope hanging from the window west of the Five Sisters window in the North transept. It was fastened to the fleet .. the machine for cleaning the Minster. Fleet (Aft), sbA Fishing. [?f. Fleet ®. 1 in sense ‘ to float ’.] (See quots.) Cf. Fleet jA 1 3. Also , fleet-line. 1880 Antrim <§• Down Gloss., Fleet-line (float-line), a line used in a particular kind of sea-fishing; the hook floats mid-way between the surface and bottom. 1891 Cent. Diet., Fleet, in fishing, a single line of 100 hooks: so called when the bultow was introduced in Newfoundland (1846). Fleet (flit), aJ Also 6 flete. Cf. Flit«. [Not found before 16th c., but prob. much older; cogn. with or a. ON .fliotr swift; f. root of Fleet zG] 1 . Characterized by power of swift onward move¬ ment ; swift, nimble. Said primarily of living beings, their limbs and movements; hence of things viewed as self-moving, thoughts, etc. Not in col¬ loquial use. a 1529 Skelton Replyc. 50 Your tonges were to flete. 1579 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 35 The fleetest fish swalloweth the delicatest bait. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. v. it. 261 Their con¬ cedes haue winges, Fleeter then arrowes, bullets, wind, thought, swifter thinges. 1596 — Tam. Shr. Induct, i. 26 If Eccho were as fleete, I would esteeme him worth a dozen such. 1671 Milton P. R. hi. 313 Thir horses, .fleet and strong. 1752 Chesterf. Lett. III. cclxxix. 281 In the situation of a man who should be very fleet of one leg, but very lame of the other. 1781 Cowper A. Selkirk 41 How fleet is a glance of the mind ! 1810 Scott Lady of L. in. v, Fleet limbs that mocked at time. 1841 Lane Arab. Nts. I. 126 The antelope is supposed to be the fleetest quadruped on earth. 1869 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) III. xiv. 377 A messenger .. who had sped with a pace fleeter even than that of his own march. 2 . Evanescent, shifting, passing away; not durable or lasting, poet. 1812 H. & J. Smith Re/. Addr., Cui Bono v, This goodly pile .. Perchance than Holland’s edifice more fleet. 1877 Bryant Poems, The Poet iv, Seize the great thought. .And bind, in words, the fleet emotion fast. 3 . qaasi-adv. Quickly, swiftly, poet. 1587 M. Grove Pelops < 5 * Hipp. (1878) 82 When a man doth meete With such as stand more than his match, his winning goes to fleete. 1790 A. Wilson Thunderstorm Poet. Wks. (1846) 33 Fleet fled the shades of night. 1878 Stevenson . Ini. Voy. 103 A thicket of willows .. under which the river ran flush and fleet. 4 . Combe : fleet-foot a., poet. = next; fleet- footed a., fleet of foot, swift in movement; also fig. ; f fleet-hound, ? a greyhound ; fleet-winged a., having fleet wings, swift of flight. 1592 Shaks. Van. <$• Ad. 561 As the * fleet-foot Roe that’s tyr’d with chasing. 1865 Swinburne Atalanta 6 Fleeter of foot than the fleet-foot kid. a 1743 Savage To Bessy, C'tess Rochford Wks. 1775 II. 165 Tho’ fate, "^fleet-footed, scents thy languid son. 1791 Cowper Odyss. 11. 13 His hounds Fleet-footed follow'd him. 1832 Longf. Coplas de Manrique lii, Fleet-footed is the approach of woe. 1675 Lond. Gaz. No. 1037/4 An old white ^fleet-hound Bitch. 1680 Ibid. No. 1550/4 A Brown spotted Foxhound Bitch ..a sharp long Red Head, like a Fleet Hound. 1593 Shaks. Liter. 1216 *Fleet-\ving"d duetie with thoghts feathers flies. 1887 Bowen Virg. VEncid iv. 180 Fleet¬ winged, speedy of foot, a colossal monster and dread. Fleet (Aft), af Chiefly dial. Also 7 flat, 7-9 flet, (8 flit), [f. ME. flet, pa. pple. of Fleet z/. 2 Cf. Fleeten, Flatten, Flotten.] Of milk: Skimmed. Also fleet cheese, cheese made of skimmed milk. 1607 TorsELL Fourf. Beasts (1658) 517 In Elsatia .. they fat them [Hogs] with .. Barly-meal wet with flat milk. 1688 R. Holme A rmoury in, 335/1 Dairy People .. make .. Flet and unfiet Milk Cheese. 1741 Compl. Tam. Piece in. 498 Whey, flit Milk, Wash, Grains. 1807 Vancouver Agric. Devon (1813) 230 The milk, .stands forty-eight hours before the flet-milk is run off. 1823 Moor Sufi. Words, s.v. Flet, Cheese made of this milk [flet-milk] is called Flet-cheese. 1882 Lane. Gloss., Flet-milk. Fleet (fli ;.), a .3 Now chiefly dial, and Agric. [Perh. repr. OE. corresponding to Du. vloot shallow ( \—*flauto -), f. root of Fleet zG] 1 . Having little depth; shallow. 1621 Quarles Argalus § P. (1678) 9 Hazard no more To wrack your fortunes on so fleet a shore. 1647 Trapp Comm. Matt. xv. 8 The deeper .. the belly of the lute .. is, the pleasanter is the sound; the fleeter, the more grating .. in our ears. 1767 A. Young Farmer s Lett, to People 120 Plough a very fleet furrow. 1802 W. Taylor in Robberds Mem. I. 407 The milk-trays, .should be fleet. 1842 Longf. Sp. Stud. hi. vi, To pass through the dewy grass, And waters wide and fleet. 1882 Black'w. Mag. Jan. 104 Where the water is fleet and weedy. b. (That is) at no great depth; near the surface; esp. quasi-<2c/z>. in to plough or sow fleet. 1633 Rogers Treat. Sacraments 1. 160 The root is so .. fleet, that it will scarce furnish the tree with leaves. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk <5- Selv. 185 Sometimes we find Gold .. as fleet as the roots of shrubs in Peru. 1707 Mortimer Hush. ii. 80 Those Lands must be ploughed fleet. 1803 Sir J. Sinclair in Annals Agric. XL. 322 ‘ Fallow deep, but sow fleet.’ 1845 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. V. 11. 326 The land is ploughed ‘fleet’, or about 3^ inches deep. 1876 Surrey Gloss, s.v., To plough fleet is to skim-plough land. 12 . Flaving little depth of soil; ‘ light, super¬ ficially fruitful ’ (J.). Ol/s.— 1 1707 Mortimer Hash. ii. 80 Marie Cope-ground, which is commonly a cold, stiff, wet Clay.. unless . .where it is very fleet for Pasture. Hence Fleetly adv., with little depth ; shallowly. 1844 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. V. i. 19 Sown upon the surface or drilled fleetly. Fleet (flft), 1 Forms : Infln. 1 fl^otan, (3 rd pers. pr. /.flyt), 3-4 fleoten, (3 south, vleoten, wleoten), 3 fleote, 3-6 flet(e(n, 4-7 fleete, Sc. fleit, 4- fleet. Pa. t. 1 Seat, 3 Orm. fleet, 4 fleet, flote, 3-6 flet, pi. 1 fluton, 3 fluten, floten ; weak forms 4 fletide, 4-6 flette, 6 Sc. fletit, fletted, 7 fle(e)ted. Fa. pple. 1, 4 floten (see Flotten). [A Com. Teut. originally str. vb.: fleotan [fl/at,fluton,floten) to float, corresp. to OFris. fliata, OS. fliotan (MDu,, Du. vlieten ) to flow, OPIG. flios^an to float, flow (MHG. vlieten, mod.Ger. flieszen to flow), ON .fliota (Sw. flyta, Da. flyde ) to float, flow (not recorded in Goth.) OTeut. *fleutan ( flaut, flutum,flotono -), f. pre-Teut. root *pleud-, ploud-, plud- (cf. Lettish pludet to float, pludi flood, Lith. pliisti to float away, pludis float of a fishing-net), an extended form of the OAryan root *pleu-,pin- (cf. Gr. vKlav to sail, Skr. pin, pru to swim, float, flow, L. pluere to rain.] I. To float. 1 . intr. To rest upon the surface of a liquid ; to be buoyed up ; opposed to sink. Obs. exc. dial. c 1000 /Elfric Horn. (Th.) II. 564 Ageot ele uppon waster o 33 e on oc 5 rum was tan, se ele flyt bufon. c 1205 Lay. 21327 Heore scalen wleoteS, swulc gold-fage sceldes. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 1025 Lay )>cr-on [the Dead Sea] a lump of led & hit on loft fletez. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R■ xm. xxi. (1495) 451 An egge fletyth in salte water and synkyth downe in fresshe water. 1460-70 Bk. Quintessence 9 A liquor of oyle fletynge aboue in maner of a skyn. c 1470 Harding Chron. eexvi. iv, The bodies flete amonge our shippes. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. cci. 142 A water herbe which fleeteth upon the water. 1641 French Distill, v. (1651) 127 The Oil doth naturally fleet, above. 1836 W. D. Cooper Sussex Gloss., The tide comes in and the vessels fleet. f b. hyperbolically. To ‘ swim ’ in blood, tears; to be ‘bathed’ in (happiness, etc.). Obs. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 261 Heueden, (bat were of ysmyte,) Flete in blode. a 1500 Chaucer's Dreme 1962 Fleting j they were in swich wele As folk that wolde iu no wise FLEET. 312 FLEETING. Desire more per fit paradise. 1508 Dunbar Gold Targe 70 Tullius, quhois lippis suete Off rethorike did in to termes flete. a 1605 Montgomerie Misc. P. xxxv. 8 That..My pen in rhetoric may fleit. c i6iz Chapman Iliad xix. 204 My friend being dead.. Lies in the entry of my tent, and in the tears doth fleet Of his associates. + c. Of a vessel : To be or get afloat; to sail. Bemvulf (Th.) 3822 Saegenga for, Fleat fami^heals forp ofer ySe. c 1205 Lay. 32033 Alle pa scipen pa bi pare sse fluten. a 1547 Surrey Aeneid iv. 525 Now fleetes the talowed kele. 1633 T. James Voy. 82 Our Ship did not fleet. + 2 . intr. To drift or be carried by the current or tide on the surface of the water. Obs. t 897 .'Klfrhd Gregory’s Past, lviii. 445 Dst scip..sceal fleotan mid 5 y streame. c 1250 Gen. <5* Ex. 3187 Moyses it [an gold gad] folwede 5 ider it flet. a 1305 Life Pilate 251 in E. E. P. (1862) jiS pat bodie flet vp and doun. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. B. 421 pe arc..flote forthe with pe flyt of pe felle wyndez. 1375 Barbour Bruce in. 630 The thingis that thar fletand war Thai tuk. 1501 Douglas Pal. Hon. hi 89 Part drownit, part to the Roche fleit or swam. 1590 Marlowe 2nd. Pt. Tamburl. 1. i. Sailors. .Shall meet those Christians, fleeting with the tide. + 3 . transf. Of mists, clouds, spirits, an odour: To float (in air, etc.) ; to drift. Obs. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. A. 46 A fayre reflayr 3et fro hit flot. 1528 Lyndesay Dreme 223 Quhow that thay [spirits] lay, in to tha flainmis fletyng. a 1623 W. Pemblf. Zachary (1629) 164 Thin Clouds, fleeting under the thicker and heavier. 1744 J. Claridge's Sheph. Banbury's Rules 9 Exhalations which while they fleet near the earth are stiled mists. f 4 . To swim: said of fish, occas. of other animals and men. Obs. Beowulf 0 l\\.) 1089 No he fram me flodySum feor fleotan meahte. c 1205 Lay. 22010 What letteS pene fisc to uleoten to pan oSere. 13. . E. E. A llit. P. B. 387 pe wylde of be wode on pe water flette. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xx. 44 pe fissile hath fyn to flete with. C1470 Henry Wallace vii. 847 The Irland folk..On craggis clam, and sum in wattir flett. a 1547 Surrey Aeneid 11. 257 By the calme seas come fletyng adders twaine. a 1600 Complaint vi. in Ramsays Evergreen I. no Leander on a stormy Nicht Diet fleitand on the Bilious gray. f 5 . Of a person: To be afloat (in a vessel); to jour¬ ney or travel by water; to sail. Also with in. Obs. c 1205 Lay. 28960 ForcS flet mid vSe, folc vnimete. £1320 Sir Tristr. 365 pe mariners flet on flode. c 1386 Chaucer Man of Law's T. 365 Yeres and dayes flette this creature Thurghout the see. of Grece. c 1460 Tcnuneley Myst. (Surtees) 31 Apon this flood have we flett many day. 1563 B. Googe Eglogs viii. (Arb.) 66 Through the Chanell deepe ..he fleets apace. 1688 S. Sewall Diary 14 Aug. (1882) I. 223 They, .lay aground a pretty while before they could fleet in. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 319 They might fleet down this river. 16 . To move unsteadily, as a floating object; to shift or sway (to and fro, etc.); to fluctuate, waver. Both of material and immaterial things. Obs. In i6-i7th c. sometimes adopted to render the like- sounding L . fluitare. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. 1. pr. vi. 28 Wenest pou pat pise mutaciouns of fortune fleten wip outen gouernour. 15.. Ragman Roll 20 in Hazl. E. P . P. I. 70 She changyth euer, and fletyth to and fro. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. xxv. 15 Those that by fleeting to and fro forge sundry wayes to save themselves. 1597 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 58 Can Euphues conuince me of fleeting, seeing for his sake I break my fidelitie. 1581 Savile Tacitus' Hist. 111. xxvii. (1591) 130 Those..who rowled down huge stones..forced the frame to stagger and fleete. 1638 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 6 Shadowlesse when Sol is Zenith, from which point when it fleets either North or South [etc.]. II. To flow (and derived senses). 17 . Of liquid, esp. water, a river: To flow. Obs. c 1200 Ormin 18093 Se waterrstraem A}} fletepp forp & ernepp Towarrd te sse. c 1400 Destr. Troy 1609 The water went vnder houses .. And clensit by course all pe clene Cite Of filth and of feum, throughe fletyng by nethe. c 1425 Festivals of the Church 177 in Leg. Rood (1871) 261 Till fele teres gan flete. 1586 J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinshed II. 2/1 The riuer of the Surie. .fleeteth by the citie of Waterford. 1595 Spenser Col. Clout 596 Her words were like a streame of honny fleeting. 1610 W. Folkingham Art of Surz>ey 1. v. 10 Waters, which flit and fleete to and fro with wind-catches, c 1630 in Risdon Surv. Devon § 225 (1810) 238 Still gliding forth, altho' it fleet full slow. + b. transf. Of a multitude of persons: To ‘stream*. Obs. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. x. 403 Cumis flowing and fleeting vnto thame troupis of the commoun peple. 1638 in Maidment Sc. Pasquils (1868) 29 Huge troups from quarters came fleeting. + 8. To overflow, abound. Const, with. (Cf. * flowing with milk and honey Obs. [So ON. fliSta : see Fritzner s.v .] c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. 1. metr. ii. 8 Who makep pat plenteu- ouse autumpne in fulle 3eres fletip wip heuy grapes. Ibid. iv. pr. vii. 146 Ne hast [pou] nat comen to fleten wip delices. 1526 Skelton Magnyf. 1093 With fantasyes my wyt dothe flete. + b. trans. To overrun, flood, fill abundantly. Obs. rare— 1 . 13.. E. E. A llit. P. B. 685 So folk schal falle fro, to flete alle pe worlde. 9 . intr. fa. To dissolve or waste away, to become disintegrated, fall to pieces. Obs. 1382 Wyclif i Macc. ix. 7 Judas saw} for his oost flette [1388 fleet (L. deflu-vit )] awey. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. xn. 211 Yit pulle hem [plommes] rather then thai flete atwynne. 1583 Stubbes Anat. Abus. 11. (1882) 36 Leather scarcely halfe tanned, .within two or three daies wearing (especially if it come in any weat) wil..fleete and run abroad like a dish clout. 1598 W. Phillips Linschoten (1864) J 9 2 The bankes of sand doe fleet and vade away out of tne Riuer. a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1840^ II. 312 Leather, thus leisurely tanned .. will prove serviceable, which otherwise will quickly fleet and rag out. b. Of immaterial things : To fade or vanish, die out. Also with away. Obs. or arch, (blending with sense 10). 1576 Newton Lcmnie's Cofnplex. (1633) 192 No stampe, forme, or print, but such as presently fleeteth, and imme¬ diately vanisheth. 1596 Shaks. Merch. V. 111. ii. 108 How all the other passions fleet to ayre. 1616 B. Jonson Poetaster Apol., What they write 'gainst me Shall like a figure, drawn in water, fleet. 1787 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 26 Feb., Mr. Turbulent’s compassion, .fleeted away from the diversion of this recital. 1846 Keble Lyra Innoc. (1873) 59 The deeds we do, the words we say, Into still air they seem to fleet. 10 . To glide away like a stream ; to slip away, change position imperceptibly or stealthily; hence in wider sense, to flit, migrate, remove, vanish. Also with aivay. Now only arch, of immaterial things, and with mixture of sense 11. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Hon. 177 Alle woreld ping ben fleted alse water erninde. c 1340 Gaw. <$- Gr. Knt. 714 Mony klyf he ouer-clambe in contrayez straunge, Fer floten fro his frendez fremedly he rydez. 1388 Wyclif Exod. xxxix. 19 Lest tho [ryngis] weren loose and fletiden doun. 1563 Golding Caesar iv. (1565) 95 b, The Sycambres had. .fleeted out of theyr country. 1598 Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. vi. iii. (1622) 126 But Rubrius Fabatus.. fleeting to the Parthians, and brought backe. .by a Centurion, had keepers appointed him. 1667 Milton P. L. iii. 457 All th’ unaccomplisht works of Natures hand, .. Dissolvd on earth, fleet hither. a 1730 Fenton Poems 14 The wand’ring ghosts.. Fleet sullen to the shades, a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) II. 48 The cares of boyhood fleet away. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets iii. 75 The wealth that the gods give lasts, and fleets not away. b. Of the soul: To pass away from the body; hence said of a dying man. 1590 Marlowe Edw. II, iv. vi, Our souls are fleeting hence. 1622 Fletcher Span. Cur. iv. v, Bar. I am sorry ..To find ye in so week a state. Die. I am fleeting, Sir. 1713 Steele Guardian No. 18 F 5 You teach that souls .. fleeting hence to other regions stray. c. Of time: To pass rapidly and impercep¬ tibly ; to slip aivay. With mixture of the sense of Fleet a. a 1541 Wyatt Poet. Whs. (1861) 11 My pleasant days they fleet and pass. 1621 Molle Camerar. Liv. Libr. in. i. 149 Six hundred yeares being fleeted away since. 1718 Prior Poems 297 The busie Moments. .That fleet between the Cradle and the Grave. 1818 Coleridge Method in Encycl. Metrop. (1849) 5 He organizes the hours, .the very essence of which is to fleet, and to have been. 1875 Farrar Silence V. xi. 195 Time may fleet, and youth may fade. d. trans. To pass, while away (time); also, to fleet it. rare. 1600 Shaks. A. V. L. 1. i. 124 Many yong Gentlemen., fleet the time carelesly. 1858 Lf.wes Sea-side Stud. 396 Fleeting the quiet hour in observation of his pets. 1891 Sat. Rev. 8 Aug. 151/1 They read the Coinage Bill a third time, and so fleeted it goldenly. .till one o'clock a.m. 11 . intr. To move swiftly; to flit, fly. Also with away. Cf. Fleet a. c 1340 Gaw. y Gr. Knt. 1566 So felle flonez J>er flete, when pe folk gedered. 1703 Rowe Fair Penit. v. i. 1885 Whether thro' the upper Air we fleet. 1801 Lusignan IV. 218 He fleeted across the plain. 1818 Hogg in Blackw. Mag. IV. 76 Yon little cloud.. That.. fleets away Beyond the very springs of day. 1836 T. Hook G. Gumey III. 325 The thought had scarcely fleeted through my brain. 1856 Stanley Sinai 3* Pal. i. (1858)67 Sheets of sand fleeting along the surface of the Desert. III. 12 . Nant. trans. To change the position of, shift (a block, rope, etc.). Also absol. [Sub¬ stituted for the earlier Flit, owing prob. to asso¬ ciation with sense 10 above.] 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789) Yb, To fleet or replace it, in a proper state of action..The man who per¬ forms this office, .calls out , fleet jigger ! 1859 F. A. Grif¬ fiths Artil. Man. (1862) 107 To fleet blocks is to bring them as close together as possible. 1867 Smyth Sailor s W ord-bk., Fleeting, the act of changing the situation of a tackle when the blocks are drawn together ; also, changing the position of the dead-eyes, when the shrouds are become too long .. Fleet ho l the order given at such times. Ibid., Fleet the messenger, when about to weigh, to shift the eyes of the messenger past the capstan for the heavy heave. 1882 Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 61 Fleet the purchase down to the water’s edge. Hence Flee‘ted ppl. a. 1810 Shelley Zastrozzi vii. Pr. Wks. 1888 I. 47 Matilda . .succeeded in recalling to life Verezzi’s fleeted faculties. Fleet (flft),z/.2 Obs. exc. dial. Forms: 5 fletyn, 6-7 flet(e, 6, 9 dial, flit, 6- fleet; pa. pple. 5 flet. [The precise formation is somewhat un¬ certain ; prob. f. OE. fid cream, f. root of Jltotan Fleet v . 1 ; cf. Sw. dial, flot a, MDa. flode (mod. afflode ) of equivalent etymology. But as the Du. vlicten (= Fleet v. 1 ) occurs in this sense, the Eng. vb. may possibly be a use of P'leet zl 1 ] 1 . trans. To take off that which floats upon the surface of a liquid; esp. to skim (milk, the cream from milk). Also with co?npl. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 166/2 Flet, as my Ike or oper lyke, despumatus. Ibid. 167/1 Fletyn, or skomyn ale, or pottys, or oper lycoure that hovythe, despumo. 1530 Palsgr. 551/2 Let us go flete this mylke agaynst she come to make her butter. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. (1586) 146 b, The creame that swims aloft, is fletted off. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 388 The fat which is fleeted or skimmed from the broth wherin dormice and rats be sodden. 1615 Markham Eng. Housew. 11. ii. (1668) 78 Boyl it. .ever and anon fleeting it clean. 1725 Bradley Fam. Diet. s.v. Milk , You ought to fleet it [milk] by the Heat of warm Water, a 1796 Van¬ couver in A. Young Ess. Agric. (1813) II. 285 The milk of which cows, .after standing 24 hours, is fleeted 1836 W. D. Cooper Sussex Gloss., Fleet or Flit, to skim milk, b. transf. and fig. 1580 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 336 It is he. .that will fleete all the fat from thy beard. 1583 Golding Calvin on Dent. exevi. 1221 Wee shall not occupie the trade of marchandice by sea, we shall not flit off the fatte thereof. 1632 Quarles Div. Fancies 11. xxviii. (1660)60 We Fleet the Mornings for our own design. ^ 1661 Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 4 Let us fleet the cream of a few of the primest libraries in all ages. 2 . * To Fleate. To skim fresh water off the sea, as practised at the mouths of the Rhone, the Nile, &c.’ (Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 1867). Hence Flee‘ted ppl. a. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Laid esburre, fleeted milke. 1583 — Campo di Fior 161 Upon fishe-dayes, fleeted milke. 1611 Cotgr., Escreme , vnereamed, fleeted, as milk. Fleet (flft), v. 3 [? f. Fleet sb. 1 sense 3.] intr. ? To fish with a * fleet*. 1630 in Descr. Thames (1758) 78 No Peter-man.. shall fleet for Flounders with any Rug-Net in the Night-time. Fleet, dial. f. of Flight ; Sc. var. of Flute. Fleet(e, var. or dial, form of Flet sb. and v . Fleetch, obs. form of Flitch sb. Fleeten, a. Obs. [Altered form of Flotten, assimilated to Fleet vf] 1 . (See Flotten.) 2 . Of the colour of skimmed milk. In quot. con¬ temptuously of the face. ci6i8 Fletcher Q. Corinth in. i, You know where you are you fleeten face. 3 . quaswA The adj. used absol. Skimmed milk. 1864 in Webster. + Flee‘ter. 1 Obs. rare-' [f. Fleet v . 1 + -er 1 .] a. ? A shifty person (cf. Fleet v . 1 6). b. A fugi¬ tive, deserter. 1581 Mulcaster Positions iii. (1887) 12 His countrey., pronounceth him to be but a fleeter, who so euer shall offer to force her that waye. 1598 Florio, Profugo, a fugitiue, a wandrer, a fleeter. 1609 J. Davies (Heref.) Holy Roode (Grosart) 9/1 Peter, Art thou for Christ his Church a fit foundation, That in Faith, from Faith, sans Faith, art a Fleeter? Fleeter (flz'tai) 2 . [f. Fleet sb. 1 + -er 1 .] One who is engaged in ‘fleeting* (see Fleeting vbl. sb . 3 ). Also, a boat intended for ‘ fleeting \ 1888 Scot. Leader 11 July 7 The ‘ fleeters ’ do not always get free with smashes and cuts; one fleet alone loses 35 men on the average per year. 1893 Ibid. 15 Aug. 7 These vessels, .differ from the ordinary trawlers in respect that while the latter return to port at least once a week, the fleeters remain at sea as long as their coals hold out. Fleeting (fir tig), vbl. sb. 1 [f. Fleet z;. 1 + -ing l.] The action of the vb. in various senses. 1375 Barbour Bruce 11. 588 To furthyr thaim off thar fleting. 1581 Mulcaster Positions xx. 84 It [walking] is good..for the iaundise, costifnesse, fleeting of the meat in the stomacke. 1587 Golding De Mornay xv. 229 The fleeting of soules out of one body into another. 1616 Rich Cabinet 95 b, The proudest confidence maketh our chiefest footing a changeable fleeting. 1871 Tylor Prim. Cult. I. 127 One of the best known of English witch ordeals is the trial by * fleeting ’ or swimming. Fleeting (flrtig), vbl. sb . 2 Obs. exc. dial. [f. Fleet v. 2 + -ing T] 1 . The action of skimming a liquid, esp. milk. c 1440 Promp. Pa7~u. 167/1 Fletynge of lycowre, spumacio , despumacio. 1474 in Househ. Ord. (1790) 32 The maister cooke hath the fleetinge of the leade. 1615 Markham Eng. Ho7tsew. ii. vi. (1668) 145 The fleeting or gathering of your Cream from the Milk. b. concr. in pi. Skimmings, curds (see quots.). 1611 Cotgr., Sarrason, fleetings, or hastie curds scumd from the whey of a new-milke cheese, then thickened [etc.]. 1845 H. White in Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. VI. 1. 121 The last skimmings are termed fleetings, and are generally reserved for the use of the servants. .1873 E. Smith Foods 329 When butter-milk is added to boiling whey, .a soft curd is thrown down. This mixture is called fleetings in Wales. 2 . at/rib.andComb., as fleeting-dish,a dish used for skimming cream from milk ; fleeting-milk, skim-milk; in quot.yff. 1736 Bailey Househ. Did. 181 Taking off the cream with a ^fleeting dish. 1847 Jrnl. R. Agric. foe. VIII. 1. 75 This is. .skimmed with a common fleeting-dish, a 1670 Hacket Alp. Williams 1. (1692) 19 It was the ^flitting milk of a poor Vicarage, the parsonage tithes being scumm’d from it. Fleeting (flrtig), vbl.sb .3 [f. Fleet sb. 1 + -ing 1 .] A particular kind of trawling (see quot.) 1884 Daily News 18 Sept. 5/2 The new ‘fleeting’ system, by which fishing boats are now kept at sea for a consider¬ able time while fast steamers ply between them and the shore, carrying the fish as they are caught. + Flee’ting, vbl. sbA Obs . [f. Fleet sb . 2 ] Confinement in the Fleet Prison. 1589 Sir T. Smith Comm. Engl. iii. iv. 121 After they had. .bin well disciplined as well by wordes, as by fleeting a while. 1592 G. Harvey Four Lett. iii. Wks. (Grosart) 1 .183 And that was all the Fleeting, that euer I felt. FLEETING. 313 FLEMISH. Fleeting (flrtig), ppl. a. [f. Fleet v} + -ing 2 .] That fleets, in senses of the vb. J* 1. Floating; of a fish : Swimming. Obs. a xooo Caedmon's Gen. 1447 (Gr.) Se feond jespearn fleo- tende hreaw. 1340-70 Alex, Dind. 491 pe fletinge fihs pat in pe fom lepen. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. lxxi. 106 Amongst the fleeting herbes there is also a certayne herbe which some call Water Lyverworte. + 2 . That moves constantly, shifting, unstable, wandering; hence of a person or his attributes: Changeable, fickle, inconstant, vacillating. 06s. a 1225 A tier. R. 76 Mid te fleotinde word, to fleoteS pe heorte. c 1374Chaucer BoetJi. 1. iii. (Camb. MS.) 6 Fleetynge Errour. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) 1. iii. 4 The fletyng ayer geuyth place to the flyght of byrdes. 1553 J. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 3 Preachers, must now and then plaie the fooles in the pulpit, to serve the tickle cares of their fletyng audience. 1592 Greene Groat's W. Wit (1617) 15 If I finde thee firme, Lamilia will bee faithfull: if fleeting, she must .. be infortunate. 1606 Shaks. Ant. <$• Cl. v. ii. 240 The fleeting Moone No Planet is of mine. 1649 Milton Eikon. ii. 17 Of such a variable and fleeting conscience what hold can be tak’n? 1650 Fuller Pisgah 1.424 Their wonder, that so firm a fabrick should stand on so fleeting a foun¬ dation. t 3. Flowing; fluid. Fleeting sacrifices : drink offerings. 06s. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 177 Wat is folc bute fletende water. 1388 Wyclif Exod. xxv. 29 Cuppis .. in whiche fletynge sacrifices schulen be oflfrid. 1398 Trevisa Barth, de P. R. vi. xxii. (Tollem. MS.), Drynke is a fletynge sub- staunce nedful to pe fedynge of a beste. c 1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 54 Take ryse and fletande fignade. 1567 Turberv. Epitaphes, &c. (1870) 175 So stands the foole by fleeting floud. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 594 The slipp'ry God will..In fleeting Streams attempt to slide away. 4. Passing swiftly by. Chiefly of life or time. ci6oo Shaks. Sottn. xcvii, Thee, the pleasure of the fleeting yeare. a 1704 T. Brown Persins* Sat. i. Wks. I 73 ° !• 53 Thy fleeting years of youth will soon be gone. 1811 W. R. Spencer Poems 193 ’Tis pain to part For e'en one fleeting night. 1862 Stanley Jew. Ch. (1877) I. viii. 169 The fleeting generations of man. 5. Passing or gliding swiftly away. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 722 She said, and fro'm his Eyes the fleeting Fair Retir’d like subtle Smoke dissolv’d in Air. a 1704 T. Brown On the Beauties Wks. 1730 I. 44 Scarcely my breast my fleeting soul retains. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xvii. (1824) 619 He followed their fleet¬ ing figures. 1848 Mrs. Jameson Sacr. <$• Leg. Art 3 To catch the fleeting soul of the triumphant martyr. 6 . Existing for a brief period ; not permanent or enduring ; transitory, passing, fading. 1563 B. Googe Eglogs (Arb.) 73 Beholde this fletyng world how al things fade. 1667 Milton P. Z. x. 741 O fleeting joyes Of Paradise. 1771 Gray Let. 24 May, Poems (1775) 395, I have indeed a short one [journal], .that serves to recal and fix the fleeting images of these things. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 30 Pleasure the most fleeting of all things. Hence Fleetingly adv., Flee tingness. 1709 Berkeley Th . Vision § 156 The perpetual mutability and fleetingness of those immediate objects of sight. 1842 Manning Serm. Faithf. Departed (1848) I. 309 Poets were wont to bewail the fleetingness of life. 1883 M. K. Macmillan Let. 23 Oct., I have read, fleetingly, a very considerable section of his prose writings. Fleetly (flftli), adv. [f. Fleet a." 1 + -ly Swiftly, quickly ; also comb., as fleetly-mounted. 1598 Florio, Snellaviente, swiftlie, nimblie, fleetlie. 1814 Scott Wav. xviii, As fleetly as a roe. 1874 Holland Mistr. Manse vii. 40 Full fleetly sped the morning hours. 1876-7 J. Grant Hist. India I. xxiii. 122/1 Lightly-armed and fleetly-mounted horsemen. Fleetness (flPtnes). [f. as prec. + -ness.] The quality of being fleet. 1. Swiftness. 1625 Quarles Sion's Sonn. vii. 7 Behold the fleetnesse of his nimble feet. 1767 W. L. Lewis Statius' Thebaid v. 1002 Fame.. In Fleetness far outstrips the vig’rous Horse. 1856 Stanley Sinai 4- Pal. viii. 321 The fleetness of foot, with which, .he outran the chariot of Ahab. 2. Transitoriness. 1727 Bailey, vol. II, Fleetness, fleeting Quality. 1863 I. Williams Baptistery 11. xxiv. (1874) 95 All their notes .. Are of our fleetness sighing, And singing of our dying. Fleety (flrti), a. rare. [f. Fleet a. 1+ -y 1 .] = Fleet a. 1 1. 1841 Tail’s Mag. VIII. 572 The rustle of thy fleety foot Upon my ear doth fall. Fleg (fleg), sb. 1 Se. [f. Fleg tl 1 ] A fright, scare. Cf. Fley sb. 1721 Ramsay Richy Sandy 9 Or has some Bogle-bo., gi'en ye a fleg. 1818 Scott Rob Roy xviii, ‘I got a fleg, and was ready to jump out o’ my skin.* Fleg ^fleg), sb.'b Sc. [Onomatopoeic ; cf. flingl\ A random blow or kick, a stroke. 1722 Hamilton Wallace III. i. (1822) 45 He. .Syn at the loon a fearfull Fleg let flee, That from his Rumple shear’d away his Thigh. 1785 Burns Epist. to J. Lapraik 21 Apr. ix, She’s [Fortune’s] gien me mony a jirt, an’ fleg. Fleg (fleg), v. 1 Sc. [The normal Sc. form of OE .fleegan to put to flight, of which one example is known, if the reading of the MS. be correct. If not an error for flegan (see F'ley v.), it may perh. be a variant of that word, with abnormal doubled palatal and shortening of the vowel, as in reccan to reck, var. of recan ( :—*rdkja)i).~\ trans. To frighten, scare. 1724 Ramsay Gent. Shep. iv. i, We’ll fleg him sae, he'll VOL. IV. mint nae mair to gang A conjuring to do a lassie wrang. 1889 Barrie Wind. Thrums xv. 141 1 That was strong lan¬ guage ’, said Hendry, ‘ but he would be wantin' to fleg her?’ Fleg (fleg), w . 3 Sc. [? var. of Flag 71., Fleck zi. 2 ] intr. To flee, run off; to fly away. Also with off. 1789 Davidson Seasons 25 (The Iambs] round a tammock wheel, an’, fleggin, toss The moudy-hillan to the air in stoor. Ibid. 76 Nelly, .aff wi* Gib the Mason Flegg’d fast, that day. 1893 Stevenson Catriona 170 ‘The solan, .flegged aff about the roundness of the craig.’ Flegge, var. of Fledge a. Obs. FTeg(h, obs. pa. t. of Flee v. ; Sc. var. of Flea. Flegm, var. of Fleam. Flegm, Flegm-: see Phlegm, Phlegm-. Fleiche, -sehe, -tsche, var. ff. of Fleech v. Fleicht, obs. f. of Flite. Fleid, obs. pa. t. of Flay. Fleigh, dial. f. of Flake, Flea. Fleighter, var. of Flichtee v. Sc. Fleih, obs. pa. t. of Flee. Fleil(e, -yle, obs. ff. of Flail. Fleine, obs. pa. pple. of Flay. Fleingall. [Prob. a spurious word, arising from a misprint in Topsell for steingall, the Ger. name of this bird; see Staniel, Stonegall.] An alleged name of the kestrel. 1607 Topsell Serpents 89 Those kind of Hawkes which are called Kaistrells or Fleingalls. 1611 Cotgr., CrecerelUy a Kestrell, Fleingall. 1847 in Halliwell. 1885 Swainson Prm>. Names Birds 140 Fleingall, i. e. Fly in gale. Fleir(e, obs. form of Fleer. t Fleke, 06s. rare. [? f. flche , Flake sb. 1 hurdle.] trans. ? To cover with hurdles. C1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 241 Botes he toke .. J>e sides togidere knytte .. pei fleked pam ouerthuert .. Ouer pe water, .was so ordeynd a brigge. Fleke, obs. form of Flake. Flek(k)er, -ir, obs. ff. of Flicker. Flem(e, obs. var. of Fleam. + Fleme, sbA 06s. Forms: i flfema, flyma, 2-4 fleme, 3 flgeme. [ OTL.fi/ema (:—earlier *fi(famja) y f. fleam : see next.] A fugitive, exile, outlaw. a 1000 Caedmon's Gen. 1020 (Gr.) pu flema scealt widlast wrecan. c 1000 /Elfric Gen. iv. 12 pu..bist flyma xeond ealle eorpan. £1175 Lamb. Horn. 157 We wunieo here alse fleme. c 1205 Lay. 5952 Alle pe flmmen pe iflowe buS of Rome. £1305 St. Dunstan 101 in E. E. P. (1862) 37 He drof him out of Engelond : and let him grede fleme. + Fleme, sb$ 06s. Forms : i 3 flem, (vlem), fleom, (fleem, fleam), 3-4 fleme. [OE. fleam str. masc.OTeut. type *plauhmo -, f. platih- ablaut-var. of pleuh- to Flee.] Flight; exile. Beowulf 2889 (Gr.) SyScSan seSelingas .. xefriejean fleam eowerne. £1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 149 We ben here alle on fleme. ^1205 Lay. 6407 He turnede to fleme. Ibid. 24070 Ofte he ulem makede. c 1300 K. Alls. 4341 So they hadde take fleme. t Fleme, 06s. From 16th c. chiefly Sc. Forms: i flfeman, flyman, flyman, 3 flaemen, fleman, -en, fleomen, Orm. flemmenn, south. vlemen, 4-5 flem, 4-7 fleeme, fleme, (4 flemme, flemon, 7 fleame). [OE. flieman (:—earlier *fl£amjan ), f. fleam : see prec. Cf. ON . flatma.] 1 . trans. To cause to flee, put to flight; to drive away, drive out, chase; hence, to banish, exile; rarely , to reject (a proposal). Also, to fleme away , out , to flight, a. simply. a 1000 Caedmon’s Gen. 2115 (Gr.) Ac hie god flymde. c 1200 Ormin 8242 Augustuss .. patt flemmde himm ut. a 1300 Cursor M. 29022 (Cott.) Fasting flemes flexsli sakes. C1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 328 po pat fled, pei flemed als pe kynges felons. £1400 Destr. Troy 12377 And I .. Thus am flemyt to flight thurgh his false caste, c 1425 Festivals of Ch. 183 in Leg. Rood (1871) 216 He will not fiyte, But flemon all pi foos away, a 1450 Le Morte Arth. 2673 He were a foie .. So feyr forwardys for to fleme. 1496 Dives < 5 * Paup. (W. de W.) v. xiv. 215/1 God sayd to Caym .. Thou shalt be wanderynge & flemed upon erth. 1553 Kennedy Comp. Tract, in Wodr. Soc. Misc. (1844) 152 Geve the Kirk had the auld ancient libertie, than sulde all heresies be flemit. 1578 Scot. Poems 16 th C. II. 171 They .. flemit them full sair. 16.. Merline 1624 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 472 The heyres that thou didst fleame With wrong out of the realme. 1814 Scott Wav. ix, ‘ He help’d Miss Rose when she was flemit with the Laird of Killan- cureit’s new English bull/ b. Const, from , of { — out of ), out of; rarely with ellipsis of prep. c X200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 87 pis la}e [circumcisio] fiemeS pe fule gost ut of pe child, c 1205 Lay. 23447 pat he pa aeS mihte wi 5 ArSure uihte and ulemen of londe. 1352 Minot Halidon-IIyll vi, The land that thai war flemid fra. a 1420 Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 2788 Lawe is nye flemede out of this contree. 1494 FABYANCAttm.vi.ccxiti. 229 Algarus was accused by malyce, and flemyd the lande. 1513 Douglas VEneis viii. vi. 47 Banist and flemyt of my native land. 16.. Merline 426 111 Furniv. Percy Folio I. 435 Many another doughtye Man that hee had fleemed out of the Land. 2 . intr. To flee, run away, rare —1 . C1300 K. Alls. 3348 He is the furste with sweord that remith ; Thou art the furste with hors that flemeth. Hence Flemed ppl. a .; Fle ming 1 v6l. sb. Also Flemer, one who puts to flight. c 1205 Lay. 7733 Alle eowre flemede men. a 1300 Cursor M. 18626 (Gott.) Lang might adam thine pe space Of fleming fra pat lauerd face, c 1374 Chaucer Troylus iii, 884 Dul- camon clepid is ‘ flemyng of wrecchis \ c 1386 — Man of Law's T. 362 Flemer of feendes. 13.. Minor Poems Jr. Vernon MS. xxiii. 483 Went forp A-pilgrimage And pe flemed visyted. 1496 Dives 4 Paup. (W. de W.) vii. vi. 284/1 He called them theues & outlawes & flemyd men. 15.. Ragman Roll 169 in Hazl. E. P. P. I. 76 Constant in vertu, flemer of malyce. Fle'mensfirth. [One of the many corrupt forms (see quots.) of OE. flymena fyrttiQ , lit. 1 entertainment of fugitives \] 1. A term of OE. law, prob. meaning the offence of entertaining a banished person, and hence the king’s right of exacting a penalty for this offence. The word was prob. not understood after the OE. period, but was preserved in formal enumerations of the rights pertaining to the king. The explana¬ tions in the quots. are the conjectures of legal anti¬ quaries. A synonymous term flyman feorm (see Farm sbF) occurs, in OE. laws, and is cited in various corrupt forms in law-books. c 1020 Secular Laws Cnut c. 12 (Thorpe 1840) 164 Dis syndon pa gerihta pe se cyning ah ofer eall men on Wessexan, paet is .. flymena-fyrmSe. c 1250 Gloss. Lmu Terms in Rel. Ant. I. 33 Fremenfremthe, chat el de futif. i6yz Manley Cowells Interpr., Flemenesfirinth, But more truly Flymena frymthe .. signifies the relieving of a Fugitive. This word is variously written in old Charters, as Flemeneferd, Flemenefrit, Flemenefremith, Flemanisflit, Flemenewurd, Fremenefenda, and Flemenesfricthe. Ibid., Flemenesfrente and Flemenesfrenthe are said to be the Chattels of Fugitives. 2. Misused for : An asylum for outlaws. 1805 Scott Last Minstr. iv. xxiv, To make your towers a fiemen’s-firth. Flemengo, obs. form of Flamingo. Fleming (fle'miq) \ Also 5-6 flem(m)yng(e, 6-7 flemming(e, 7 flemin(e. [a MDu. Vl&ming (cf. ON. Fl&mingr , OHG. Flaming; med.L. Flamingus , Sp. F/ame7ico y Pg. Flamengo , Pr. Flamenc, Fr. Flamand), f. Fldm- (whence Flan - ders) + suffix -ing 3 .] 1. A native or inhabitant of Flanders. c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems 105 Where Flemynges began on me for to cry, ‘ Master, what will you copen or by ?’ 1574 R. Scot Hop Gard. (1578) 8 The more paynes you take.. the nearer you resemble the trade of the Flemming, c 1645 Howell Lett. (1650) II. 30 Charles the Emperor, .being a Flemin born. 1846 McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) 645 The Flemings, invited over, .by Edward III., gave the first great impulse to the woollen manufacture. f2. A Flemish vessel. Obs. x 595 Drake Voy. (Hakluyt Soc.) 7 We met with a small flemminge bounde for the streights. 3. attrib. quasi -adj. passing into adj. 1561 Child Marriages (E.E. T. S.) 70 A paire of Flemynge knyves. 1588 Extracts Burgh Rcc. Ed in. 8 May, The twa Flemyng wobsters dwelland within this burgh. 1656 Ben Israel Vind. Judaeorum 3 Some Flemine Christians, t Fle ming -. Obs. rare. Also 8 flemming. [Strictly only a use of prec., the continental names of the flamingo (Sp. flamenco, Fr. flamanf) being popularly confused with the homophones = Flem¬ ing 1 , and hence rendered by the same word. (In quot. 1591 prob. Fleming 1 was intended.)] = Flamingo. [1530 Palsgr., Flemmyng, flammant. 1591 Percivall Sp. Diet., Flamenco, a fleming, a kinde of birde like a shoueler.] 1708 Motteux Rabelais iv. lix. (1737) 244 Flem¬ mings, Cignets. Fle'ming 3 . dial. Tn 7 flemminge. A local name of the soft clam ( Alya arenaria ). 1603 Owen Pembrokeslt. (1892) 126 Cockles, filemminges, welkes. [Still in local use. (Editor’s note).] + Fleming-lauche. Obs. Sc. [f. Fleming 1 + lauche , Sc. form of Law.] An old Scotch law which allowed the Flemings who settled in Scotland the practice of their own usages. 1629 in W. Robertson Index Rec. Charters (1798) 61 Carta to John Marr .. una cum Lege Flemynga dicitur Fleming Lauche. 1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia I. 735 The Flemings .. behaved so quietly, as to be allowed the practice of their own usages, by the name of Fleming- lauche, in the nature of a special custom. Flemish (fle'mijl, a. Also 5 Flemis, 5-6 Flemys, 6-8 Flemmish(e. [ad. MDu. Vlaemisch, (Du. Vlaamsch) : see Fleming 1 and -ish.] 1. Of or belonging to Flanders or its inhabitants. For Flemish ell, rider-, see the sbs. 1488 in Ld. Treas. Acc. Scot!. I. 79 Item, fyftene Flemis ridaris. 1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 14 A piece of flemmishe mony called an Englyshe. 1614 Markham Cheap Husb. 1. iii. (16681 33 The best Stallion to beget horses for the Coach is the Flemish. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 240 The best sort of these are brought from Holland .. and are called Flemmish Pan-Tiles. 1756-7 tr. Keysler s I ray. (1760) II. 385 Alexander duke of Parma, who signalized__himself in the Flemish wars. 1865 Mrs. Palliser Lace vii. 99 The old Flemish laces are of great beauty. b. absol. The Flemish language. 1727-41 Chambers Cycl., Flemish, or the Flemish tongue, is that which we otherwise call Low-Dutch. 1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 85 Flemish or South Dutch. 2. Resembling a Fleming in habits and behaviour. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. 11. i. 23 This Flemish drunkard. 3. Comb., Flemish, account, an unsatisfactory account, one showing a deficit; Flemish bond (see Bond sb. 1 13 ) ; Flemish brick (see quot. 40 FLEMISH. 314 FLESH, 1842); Flemish coil (see Coil sb .3 1); hence Flemish-coil v.> to lay up (a rope) in a Flemish coil; Flemish eye, Naut. (see quot. 1867); Flemish fake, Naut. (see quot.) ; Flemish horse, Naut. a foot-rope at the yard-arms of topsail-yards; Flemish point, stitch (see quots.). 1785 Grose Diet. Vulg. Tongue , * Flemish account , a losing or bad account. 1790 Herbert Typogr. Antiq. III. 1773, I am very much afraid my kind friend received but a Flemish account of his Caxtons. 1774 in Archseol. (1777) IV. 106 The *Flemish bond .. is the strongest as well as the oldest regular bond used in building. 1890 Rimmer Summer Rambles Manch. 35 Red * Dutch ’ bricks in ‘ Flemish bond ’. 1727-41 Chambers Cycl., * Flemish Bricks. 1842 Gvvilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss., Flemish Bricks, a species of brick used for paving .. they were originally imported from Flanders, are of a yellowish colour and harder than common brick. 1841 R. H. Dana Seaman s Man. 106 This is called a*Flemishcoil. 1878 W. C. Russell Wreck Grosvenor ii. f 1889) n Ordinary seamen, whom he had set to work to *flemish-coil the ropes along the deck. 1840 R. H. Dana Be/. Mast xxxv. 134 The knots, ^Flemish eyes, splices. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk ., Flemish eye , a kind of eye-splice in which the ends are scraped down, tapered, passed oppositely, marled, and served over with spun yarn. Ibid ., * Flemish Fake , a method of coiling a rope that runs freely when let go .. Each bend is slipped under the last, and the whole rendered flat and solid to walk on. 1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 105 * Flemish- horse. 1882 Caulfeild & Saward Diet. Needlework , * Flemish Pointy a Guipure Lace, also known as Point de Brabant. Ibid., *Flemish Stitch , one of the Fillings in Honiton Lace. Flemish (fle mij), v .1 Naut. [f. prec.] 1 . trans. To coil or lay up (a rope) in a Flemish coil (see prec. 3). Also to flemish down. 1832 Marryat N. Forster xi, The ropes [had been] flemished down on deck. 1867 in Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 2 . (See quot.) 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Flemishing , a forcing or scoring of the planks. Flemish (flemij), v.% intr. Of a hound: To make a quivering movement with the tail and body, while searching for the trail; to feather. 1857 Kingsley Two Y. Ago xviii, ‘I thought they beauties starns weren’t flemishing for nowt.* Ibid., The hounds have overrun the scent, and are back again, flem¬ ishing about the plashed fence on the river brink. Flemy, Flench, obs. ff. Phlegmy, Flinch. Flench, flinch, flense (flenj, flinj, (lens'), v. Also flence,flinse. [a. Da .flense of same meaning; the word with wider application is found in Norw. as flinsa, flunsa to flay, tear off.] 1 . trans. To cut up and slice the fat from (a whale or flayed seal); to slice (the blubber) from the bones of the whale. 1814 Scott To Dk. Bnccleugh 13 Aug. in Lockhart. The Islesmen of Sanda were .. flinching .. the blubber to boil. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 292 Before a whale can be flensed, as the operation of taking off the fat and whale¬ bone is called. 1823 Manby Voy.Greenl . 65 For the pur¬ pose of ‘ flinsing ’ or stripping it of its blubber. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., Flense. 2 . To flay or skin (a seal); to strip off (the skin of a seal). 1874 Markham Whaling Cruise ii. 33 The marvellous rapidity, .with which our men would skin, or as it is termed, ‘flinch’ the beast [seal]. 1875 Capt. Gray in Buckland Log-bk. 312 The [seal] skins are then flenched. 1881 Leslie tr. NordenskiolcTs Voy. Vega iii. 114 The hunter lies to at an ice-floe to flense upon it a seal that has been shot. Hence Fle nching’, Fle nsing* vbl. sb .; also Fle’ncher, Fle’nser, one who flenches or flenses whales. 1814 Scott Diary n Aug. in Lockhart , The crew .. with their long flinching knives with which they cut up the whales. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 299 The flensers commence with the belly and under jaw. Ibid. II. 301 During the progress of the flensing. 1874 Markham Whaling Cr«/>dfiv.5oThecuttingupor * flinching ’ of the fish. Fle - nch-gut,fle - ns-gut. [f.prec.vb. + Gut.] The place on board, usually the hold, where the blubber of a whale, cut up in long slices, is stored before barrelling ; also applied to the blubber itself. 1808 Jamieson, Flench-gut , the blubber of a whale laid out in long slices, before being put into casks. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 304 When the flens-gut is filled with blubber. 1867 in Smyth Sailor’s Word-bk. Flenders, obs. form of Flinders. Diene, obs. pa. pple. of Flay. Fleng(e, Flent, obs. ff. Fling, Flint. Fleobotomie, obs. form of Phlebotomy. Fleoure, -owre, obs. Sc. ff. Flavour. + Flerd. Ohs. Forms : 1 Heard, 3 fleerd, flerd. fOE. fleard, app. cognate with the synonymous ON. flxrS str. fern., though the vowels do not regularly correspond.] Deceit, fraud, mockery. c 1000 Law Northumb. Priests liv. (Thorpe 1840) 420 3 if fri 5 -geard si on hwaes lande abuton stan obpe treow, opbe wille, op|>e swilces senile fleard. c 1200 Ormin 7334 Crist forrwerrpepp falls & flaerd. c 1220 Bestiary 452 So was herodes fox and flerd. Flere, flerye, obs. ff. Fleer. + Flerk, v. Obs. Also S flirk. [Onomatopoeic; cf. flick , flirt, jerk.] intr. To make a jerking movement. Hence Flerk sb ., a jerk. Fle rking- fpl. a... jerking, twitching. 1606 Sylvester Du Bartas n. iv, Trophcis 348 With sudden flerk the fatale hemp lets goe The humming Flint. c 1620 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 134 With sudden flerk the hernpe I’le nowe let goe. 1710 Loud. Gas. No. 4768/4 Stolen. .Cart Mare..Saddle Backed, and a flirking Tail. Flerry (fle-ri), v. trans. To split (slate). Also intr. for refl. of the slate itself. Hence Fie'Try¬ ing vbl. sb. 1865 J. T. F. Turner Slate Quarries 13 The better the quality of the slate, the easier will it flerry, and also cleave. Ibid., This peculiar operation is called ‘ denying *. Flert, obs. form of Flirt. Flesh. (AeJ), sb. Forms: 1 fliesc, fieec, (2 flee, flesce), 3 fleesce, floes (h, flexs(s, fless(e, 4 south . vlesse, 3-4 fles, flei(e)s, fle(y)hs, 4-5 fleisch, 3- 5 fle(c)che, flesch (e, 3 south, vlesche, (3 flashe, fleschs, 4 fleschsch), 3-6 flessh(e, (4 fleisshe), 4- 6 fleshe, (6 fleash, flehsse, fleszhe, 9 dial, flash), 4- flesh. [Com. WGer. and Scandinavian: OE. flsesc str. neut. corresponds to OFris. fidsk, OS .Jlesk (Du. vleesch), OHG .fieisc (MHO. vleisch, mod.Ger .JleiscK), of the same meaning, ON. Jlesk with shortened vowel (Sw . fidsk, Da. Jlesk), swine’s flesh, pork, baconOTeut. *fiaiskoz~, - iz - (or possibly //-). No satisfactory cognates have been discovered either in Teut. or in the related langs. Some have supposed that the specific Scandinavian sense ? which exists in some Eng. dialects where ON. influence is out of the question (see, e.g., the West Cornwall Glossary ), is the original meaning of the word, and that the occasional OE. form Jl&c repre¬ sents the primary word elsewhere replaced by a derivative with suffix -sk-. On this hypothesis the word might be related to OE. JHcce y Flitch. But general analogy rather indicates the priority of the wider sense found in Eng. and German; and it is most likely that the OE. /lie is an inaccurate spelling, or at most a dialectal phonetic alter¬ ation, of the ordinary /lisc. The shortening of the OE. long vowel before s followed by another cons, is normal.] I. As a material substance. 1 . The soft substance, esp. the muscular parts, of an animal body ; that which covers the framework of bones and is enclosed by the skin. Raw Jlesh : that exposed by removal or Assure of the skin. c 1000 /Elfric Gen. ii. 23 Dis ys nu ban of minum banum & flaesc of minum flassce. c 1250 Gen. $ Ex. 2089 Fugeles sulen Si fleis to-teren. 1398 Trevisa Barth, de P. R. v. i. (1495) 100 The heed hath lytill fiessh and lytyll fatnesse. c 1400 Lan/ranc's Cirurg, 218 If he be strong & ful of fleisch. 1596 Shaks. Merck. V. 111. i. 54, I am sure if he forfaite, thou wilt not take his flesh. 1611 Bible Lev. xiii. 10 If. .there be quicke raw flesh, a 1688 Bunyan Heavenly Footman (1886) 164 His. .sins, that stick as close to him as the flesh sticks to the bones. 1750 Lady Luxborough Lett, to Shenstone 13 May, One [wound] just above my knee .. New flesh must grow there. 1819 Shelley Cenci iii. i. 22 It. .eats into my sinews, and dissolves My flesh to a pollution. b. Often in connexion with or contrast to bone, Jell , or skin. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xxiv. 39 Gast naff \> flaesc & ban. c 1220 Bestiary 136 His fel he 5 er leteS; his flesfor 3 crepeS. a 1300 Cursor M. 17288 + 449 (Cott.) Spirit has nautherflesch ne hone. 1382 Wyclif ix. 11 The flesh forsothe, and the skynne of it [calf] .. he brent. <71400 Prymer (1891) 79 With skyn and fleschsches thou clothedest me. a 1577 Gascoigne Wks. (1587) 36 To search between the fel and the flesh for fardings. 1611 Bible Ezek. xxxvii. 8 The sinews and the flesh came vp vpon them [bones], and the skin couered them aboue. c. Flesh and Jell : the whole substance of the body; hence as Q/vxA-advb, phrase: entirely. {To raise or rise) in Jlesh and Jell , rarely in Jlesh and bone : in bodily form. Cf. Fr. en chair et en os. ( Fair ) ojJlesh and Jell', in form and complexion. Obs. exc. arch. c 1000 iELFRic Exod. xxix. 14 pass cealfes flaesc and fell.. pu basrnst. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724)287 He was .. vayr of fless & felle. a 1300 Cursor II. 26564 (Cott.) To rise in flexss and ban. C1375 Lay Folks Mass Bk. (MS. B.) 223 Vp he rose in flesshe & felle po thryd day. a 1440 Sir Eglam. 29 Crystyabelle, A feyre thynge of flesche and felle. 1605 Shaks. Lear v. iii. 24 The good yeares shall deuoure them, flesh and fell. 1840 Browning Sordello 11. 300 Men burned Taurello’s entire household, flesh and fell. d. Proud Jlesh : the overgrowth of the granu¬ lations which spring upon a wound. Also Jig. 1578 Lyte Dodoe?is vi. lxviii. 746 The same [oakgalls] doth .. consume away superfluous and prowde fleshe. 1649 Lovelace Poems 28 The anger of her eye, Had wrought some proud-flesh by it. 1686 W. Harris tr. Lemery s Course Chym. (ed. 2) 171 This Sublimate .. eats proud flesh and cleanses old Ulcers. 1848 Carpenter Anim. Pltys. 302 The sprouting forth of a rapidly-growing tissue commonly known as proud-flesh. e. phr. To make one's Jlesh creep , etc. 1727, 1840 [see Creep v. 6]. 1725 Ramsay Gent. Sheph. 1. i, A .. dream .. That gars my flesh a’ creep yet with the fright. 1834 Medwin Angler in Wales II. 252 A cold— a creeping of the flesh—like that. f. In, or with reference to, the Biblical phrase a heart of flesh ’, i.e. a heart capable of feeling, opposed to ‘ a heart of stone 1382 Wyclif Ezek. xxxvi. 26, I shal take awey a stonen herte .. and I shal 3eue to 30U an herte of fleshe. 1784 Cowper Task 11. 8 There is no flesh in man’s obdurate heart. 1814 Scott Ld. 0/Isles vi. xxix, Are your hearts of flesh or stone ? g. In euphemistic phrases with reference to sexual intercourse. a 1300 Cursor M. 28475 (Cott.) Wit womman knaun and vnkend, I haue my fles wit pam blend. x6n Shaks. Wint. T. iv. iv. 285 She wold not exchange flesh with one that lou’d her. 1620 Ballad ‘ As I was ridinge * 18 in Furniv. Percy Folio (1867) App. 29. h. To go after or follow strange flesh : a Bibli¬ cal expression referring to unnatural crime. 1382 Wyclif Jude 7 Sodom and Gomor .. goyng aftir other flesdi. 1526 Tindale ibid., Folowed straunge flesshe [similarly in the later versions], 2 . transj. The soft pulpy substance of fruit, or a plant; that part which is enclosed by the rind, and encloses the core or kernel, esp. when eatable. So Gr. ernpf, L. caro, Fr. chair. 1573 Baret Alv. F 649 Fleash , the substance vnder the pille or rinde of herbs, &c. 1577 Googe IIeresbacli s Husb. 11. (1586) nob, Reedes for the most parte have no fleshe at all. 1672 Jossf.lyn New Eng. Rarities 57 The seeds are black, the flesh or pulpe exceeding juicy. 1779 Mrs. Boscawen in Mrs. Delany’s Li/e Corr. Ser. 11. II. 489 The seeds are found in several parts of the flesh. 1846 Proc. Berw. Nat. Club 11. No. 14. 174 (Agaric) Flesh thick, solid and firm. 1895 Seed Catal . (Potato) Flesh white, fine and floury. 3 . Put for: Quantity or excess of flesh; hence, plumpness, good condition, embonpoint, esp. in phrases, to get, (+ get oneselj in), lose Jlesh ; also {To be) in Jlesh : in good condition, corpulent. Cf. Fr. etre en chair. 1548 Hall Chron., Edw. IV, 234 A beautefull Prince, beginninge a littel to growe in flesh. 1592 Shaks. Rom. «$• Jut. v. i. 84 Buy food, and get thy selfe in flesh. 1608 Bp. Hall Char. Virtues V. 103 Hee is .a slave to envie, and loseth flesh with fretting. 1677 Holyoke Lat. Diet., To get flesh, pitiguesco. 1684 R. H. School Recreat. 26 If he be low of Flesh, .add a third part of clean old Beans. 1707 Lond. Gas. No. 4350/4 A bay Gelding, well in Flesh. 1757 Franklin Lett. Wks. 1887 II. 527, I .. have not yet quite recovered my strength, flesh, or spirits. 1762 Goldsm. Cit. W. lxxi, The widow, being a little in flesh, as warmly pro¬ tested against walking. 1774 J. Bryant Mythol. II. 452 Oxen that were in flesh and well fed. 1885 E. Garrett A t Any Cost ii. 27 Its [a face’s] once noble outlines were blurred by too much flesh. 4 . The muscular tissue, or the tissues generally, of animals, regarded as an article of food. Exc. when otherwise defined by the context, always understood as excluding fish (see Fish sb .*), and in recent use primarily suggesting ‘ butchers’ meat not poultry, etc. (cf. * fish, flesh, and fowl y ). Somewhat arch., the current word being meat (it survives however in some northern dialects). ^800 Corpus Gloss. 2135 Viscera tosta , £ebreded flaesc. 121154 O. E. Chron. an. 1137 pa waes corn daere & flee. £•1205 Lay. 19693 Neo}?er flaes na no fisc no nanes cunnes draenc. C1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 12/374 To rosti ase men doth fersch flesch. c 1400 Lan/ranc's Cirurg. 266 Sche schal drinke no wijn ne ete no fleisch. 1472 Present¬ ments Juries in Surtees Misc. (1890)23 We desyer a remedy of our buschers for sellynge of thar flech. 1562-3 Act 5 Eliz. c. 5 § 11 No maner of person shall eate any Fleshe on the same [Fishe] daye. 1599 Nashe Lenten Stu/fe Wks. (Grosart) II. 273 The puffin that is halfe fish, halfe flesh. 1676 Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 341 Not eat a bit of flesh from Shrove Tuesday till Easter Day. 1732 Pope Hor. Sat. 11. ii. 70 The stomach (.. a tomb of boil’d and roast, and flesh and fish). 1772 Johnson Lett, to Mrs. Titrate 19 Oct., Flesh is likewise very dear. 1802 Fosbrookf. Brit. Monachism (1843) 7 ° Neither do they eat of fat or flesh. b. With the name of the animal or other defin¬ ing word attached; also + in fl. to signify what is derived from various animals. c 825 Vesp. Psalter xlix. [ 1 .] 13 Ah ic eotu flesc ferra. C1250 Gen. Ex. 1013 Bred, kalues fleis, and flures bred. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 175 pe comon of J>e oste bouht i>am hors flesch, Or mules or assis roste. i486 Z-fc. St. Albans C j b, Thees sayd fleshes bene goode to mewe an hawke. 1528 Paynel Salcrne Regim. E ij b, Goottis fleshe..oxe fleshe..be melancolye fleshes. 1685 P. Henry Diaries Sf Lett.{ 1882) 341, I am careful w fc I eat, not Fishes & Fleshes. 1865 Baring Gould Were-wolves xv. 264 When a wolf has once tasted human flesh, he desires to taste it again. j- c. phr. Neither flesh nor fish : neither one thing nor the other. Cf. Fish sb. 4 c. Obs. 1528 Roy Rede me (Arb.) 117 Wone that is nether flesshe nor fisshe, At all tymes a commen Iyer. 1661 Baxter Mor. Prognost. 1. xciii. 22 Men of no Zeal, neither Flesh nor Fish. d. Strange Jlesh: unusual or loathsome food. rare. Perh. an echo of the Biblical use Jude 7, though the meaning is different (see 1 h). 1606 Shaks. Aut. $ Cl. 1. iv. 67 On the Alpes, It is re¬ ported thou did’st eate strange flesh. 1819 Shelley Cenci 111. i. 48 Beatrice .. whom her father .. pens up naked in damp cells, .and starves her there, Till she will eat strange flesh. + e. collect. Cattle intended for food. Obs. 16.. Robin Hood <$• Butcher 16 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 20 A proud butcher Came driving flesh by the way. 1709 Strype Ann. Re/. I. xvi. 199 That no butcher should kill flesh, upon pain of a great fine. t f. (See quot.) Obs. 1569 in J. Mackenzie Gen. Grievances Orkney $ Shetland 17 Item, the Comptare charges him with the third of the flesh of the Bishoprick of Orknay. 1859 Oppress. 16th C. in Orkney <5- Zetland Gloss., Flesh, Rent paid in Cattle, generally estimated by Weight, 15 Meils = an ox, 10 Meils — a cow, 4 Meils — a sheep. FLESH. 315 FLESH. 5 . The visible surface of the body, with reference to its colour or appearance. Cf. Flesh-colouk. 1606 Shaks. Ant. Cl. I. ii. 17 Sooth. You shall be yet farre fairer then you are. Char. He meanes in flesh. 1657 Lust's Dominion 1. ii. 9 Although my flesh be tawny, in my vcines, Runs blood as red, as royal, as the best, .in Spain. b. ellipt. for flesh-colour. 1852 Meanderings of Mem. I. 157 Air coloured, scarcely carnate, or a flesh. 1883 Garden 14 Oct. 341/1 The names of the best varieties, .are. .Perfection, flesh. 0 . Short for flesh-side (of a skin); see 13. 1839 Ure Diet. Arts 378 It [the leather] is then .. slicked upon the flesh with a broad smooth lump of glass. 1851 Mayhew Loud. Labour I. 443 The skin is ‘split.into two portions. That known as the ‘grain*.. The other portion, the 4 flesh ’. 1870 Eng. Mcch. 11 Feb. 534/2 Oil them [skins], flesh and grain. II. Extended and figurative uses (chiefly of Biblical origin). 7 . One's {(non) flesh : one’s near kindred or de¬ scendants. Now rare exc. in Flesh and blood. Also, one flesh: said (after Gen. ii. 24, 1 Cor. vi. 16) of husband and wife to express the closeness of the relation created by marriage. c xooo /Elfric Gen. xxxvii. 27 He ys ure bro)?or & ure fkesc. C1300 Harrcnv. Hell 196 Mi leve moder wes Boren and shaped of thi fleyhs. 1382 Wyclif Isa. lviii. 7 Thi flesh thou shalt not despise. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 71 Your grace, lackyng twoo suche portions of your owne fleshe [your two sons]. 1555 Eden Decades Pref. to Rdr. (Arb.) 50 Owre brootherne, owre flesshe, & owre bones. 1694 Congreve Double Dealer 11. i, Marriage makes man and wife one flesh. 1819 Shelley Cenci 1. iii. 104 What, if we. .were his own flesh, His children and his wife? 8 . That which has corporeal life. Allflesh, + each flesh ( omnis caro , Vulg. = Hebraistic Gr. irdoa oap£): all animals; in narrower sense, all man¬ kind. So + No flesh : nobody on earth, f A piece of flesh : a human being, sample of humanity. c 1000 Ags. Ps. cxxxv[i]. 26 He eac afedeft flaecsea aeghwylc. nooo Ags. Gosp. Luke iii. 6 TElc flaesc gesihft godes haele. C1250 Gen. 4* Ex. 591 Do was ilc fleis on wer[l]de sla3en. a 1300 E. E. Psalter cxliv. 21 Blisse sal alle flesche with¬ al Unto hali name es hisse. c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. II. 400 But 3if [>es daies shulen be abreggid J>er shulde not be saved ech fleish. c 1450 tr. De Imitatione nr. lxii, J>ou art flesshe and non aungell. 1535 Coverdale Jer. xvii. 5 Cursed be the man .. that taketh flesh for his arme. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado iv. ii. 85 As pretty a peece of flesh as any in Messina. x6ii Bible Dan. ii. 11 The gods, whose dwell¬ ing is not with flesh. 1630 Prynne Anti-Armin. 124 What flesh, what person could be saued ? a 1632 T. Taylor God's Judgcm. 1. ii. xli. (1642) 367 Julius Cesar, one of the most . .valiant pieces of flesh that ever was. 1662-3 Pepys Diary 17 Feb., He had a great secret to tell me, such as no flesh knew but himself. 1774 J. Bryant Mythol. II. 195 All flesh died. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men , Plato Wks. (Bohn) I. 297 He. .visits worlds which flesh cannot enter. 9 . The physical or material frame of man ; the body. Obs. exc. in Biblical allusions. + To be free of one's flesh : to expose oneself boldly in battle. In the 16th c. versions of the Apostles’ Creed the earlier expression ‘the resurrection of the flesh ’ (= resurrectio camis) was changed to ‘ the resurrection of the body * BeoHuulf 4840 No j?on lange waes feorh ae)?elinges flaesce bewunden. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 63 Gif.. to |>e flesce scrud and daft. 12.. Creed in Rel. Ant. I. 282 Hie hleve in .. arysnesse of flesse & eche lif. a 1300 Cursor M. 2-27%$ (Gott.) pat ilke flesh pat we haue nu, pan sal we haue. c 1400 Prymer (1891) 78 In my fleysch y schal se god my saueour. c 1500 Melusine xxxvi. 250 He deflfended vygour- ously his flesshe. 1556 Aurelia Isab. (1608) Eviij, The grete colde penetrethe youre delicat fleshes. 1607 Marston What you will v, A true magnanimous spirit should .. with his own flesh dead his flesh. 1634 Habington Castara (Arb.) 133 My frighted flesh trembles to dust. 1724 De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 132 They, .were as free of their flesh as we. b. In {the) flesh : in a bodily form, in a cor¬ poreal nature or state; also, in life, living. After the flesh : in bodily appearance or likeness. 1382 Wyclif 2 Cor. v. 16 If we knowen Crist vp [1388 aftir] the fleisch [Tindale 1526 after the flehsse. Similarly in later versions]. 1382 — Phil. i. 23 For to be with Crist, it is moche more bettere; forsoth for to dvvelle in fleisch, it is nedeful for 3011. <1449 Pecock Repr. 1. xv. 83 That we schulen rise in fleisch aftir oure deeth. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. iii. xlii. 273 To preach Christ come in the flesh. 1727 De Foe Hist. Appar. i. (1840) 14 St. Paul, .did speak there of seeing Christ in the flesh. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. iv. vi, The minutes passing on, and no Mrs. W. in the flesh ap¬ pearing. 1874 JVIorley Compromise (1886) 162 We all know in the flesh liberal catholics and latitudinarian protestants, who [etc.]. c. The body (of Christ) regarded as spiritually 4 eaten ’ by believers; also applied mystically to the bread in the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. John vi. 55. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 97 pat husel pe 3e understonden is his holi fleis and his blod. a 1300 Cursor M. 152^4 (Gott.) Takes and ete of pis bredd, for flesse pan es it mine, c X380 Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. no jjif eeten pe fleish of mannis sone, and drynke his blood. 1558 Bp. White Serm. in Strype Eccl. Mem. III. App. Ixxxi. 279 Adore the same flesh in substance. 1651 C. Cartwright Cert. Relig. 1. 59 Saint Remigius &c. affirme the flesh of Christ to be in the Sacrament. 1875 Hymns A.fl M.> ‘ Now, my tongue ’ iv, True bread He maketh By His Word His Flesh to be. t d. As a profane oath, God's flesh ! Hence in 17-18th c. in ejaculations, as Flesh ! Flesh and fire ! Cf. Odds-flesh. Obs. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. xi. 212 Godis flessh & his fet & hise fyue woundis Arn more in his mynde pan pe memorie of his foundours. 1695 Congreve Love for L. in. xv, Flesh, you don’t think I’m false-hearted, like a Land-Man. 1701 Cibber Love Makes Man 11. i, Flesh and Fire ! do but speak to her, Man. 1728 Vanbr. & Cib. Prov . Husb. 1. i. 29 Flesh ! I thought we should never ha’ got hither! 10 . The animal or physical nature of man ; human nature as subject to corporeal necessities and limitations. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 41 Witudlice se gast is hraed, and pact flaesc ys untrum. a 1225 Ancr. R. 132 Ine bitter- nesse of flesche, bereft Godes rode, c 1300 Beket 259 The here he dude next his liche, his flesches maister to beo. c 1384 Chaucer II. Fame 1. 49 But that our flessh ne hath no myght To understond hyt aryght. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. iv. 59 Hit is bote frelete of flesch. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 8 b, They must despyse .. all delectacyons of the flesshe.. 1559 Mirr. Mag., jack Cade iv, Flesh is soft And yeldes it selfe to pleasure that it loueth. 1602 Shaks. Ham. pi. i. 63 The Heart-ake, and the thousand Naturall shockes That Flesh is heyre too. 1634 Habington Castara (Arb.) 129 Flesh is loath By meditation to fore see How [etc.]. 1853 Kingsley Hypatia xxx, But though she had found trouble in the flesh, her spirit knew none. 1883 Froude Short Stud. IV. 1. iii. 40 The archbishop retired to his see to afflict his flesh with public austerities. b. In expressions relating to the Incarnation. The days of his flesh : the period of his earthly life. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. John i. 14 pact word waes flaesc 3eworden. c 1200 Ormin 19201, & Godess Word iss makedd flaesh. a 1250 Orison our Lord 6 in O. E. Misc. 139 pi goddede wes ihud in fleysse. ^1300 Cursor M. 14342 (Cott.), I haf tan flexs emang mine aun. 1382 Wyclif Heb. v. 7 The which in. the dayes of his fleisch offringe preieris and bisechingis to God. 1642 Rogers Naaman 2 Our Lord Jesus himselfe all the daies of his abasement and flesh endured them. 11 . The sensual appetites and inclinations as antagonistic to the nobler elements of human nature. In theological language (after St. Paul’s use of crap() applied more widely to the depraved nature of man in its conflict with the promptings of the Spirit. Sins of the flesh : esp. those of unchastity. C1200 Vices <5- Virtues (1888) 23 And fo^eft hire flesches wille. a 1300 Cursor M. 10103 (Cott.) Ic am. .wit thrin fas bi-thrett, pis werld, my fleche, pe warlau als. X382 Wyclif Rom. viii. 8 Thei that ben in fleisch, mown not plese to God. c 1386 Chaucer Pars . T. r 279 If pat a man wipstonde .. pe firste entisynges of his fleisshe. c 1500 New Not-br. Mayd 237 in Hazl. E. P. P. III. 11 The devyll, his flesshe. The worlde all fresshe, Provoke hym day and nyght. 1642 Fuller Holy <$• Prof. St. v. ix. 391, I know what Flesh will object, a 1729 Clarke Serm. 1 Cor. xiii. 3 Wks. (1738) xlviii. 300 Disapproving, the opinions of those whom a man sincerely thinks to be in the wrong, is not a work of the Flesh. 182^ Shelley Hellas 156 By.. conquering penance of the mutinous flesh. 1882 Farrar Early Chr. II. 423 Things which tend to the gratification of the flesh. III. attrib. and Comb. 12 . General relations : a. simple attrib. (sense 1), as j flesh-budget, -bunch, ■burden, frame, -pimple, -pistol ( fig. of a person), -rind, -stiiff\ (sense 4), as jflesh-ax, + - broth , - diet, f -kind, f - kit, \-market, meal, j -pie, -provision, f - stall , + -victual ; (sense 5), as flesh-tint', (sense 9), as flesh-kinsman; (sense 10, 11), as flesh-delight, -lust. 1424 in Kennett Par. Antiq. (1818) II. 255 Et in magna secure vocat. *fleschaxe xv. den. 1676 Wiseman Surgery 11. xii. 204 Her Leg being extreamly emaciated .. I advised the bathing it with *Flesh-broth. 1592 Nashe P. Penilesse Wks. (Grosart) II. 72 That surfit-swolne Churles .. might bee constrained to carrie their * flesh budgets from place to place on foote. 1841 Browning Pippa Introd. 90 Plump as the *flesh-bunch on some Turk bird’s poll. 1605 Sylvester tr. Nave's Profit Imprisonm. 627 Here below this fraile ^flesh-burden tyes him. Ibid. 218 Mid the ^flesh-delights to rust in idle ease. 1731 Arbuthnot Aliments 1. vi. vi. § 5 Acidity in the Infant may be cur’d by a ^Flesh-Diet in the Nurse. 1839 Bailey Festus xix. (1848) 210 Some, that Christ Received His *flesh-frame of the elements, i860 Farrar Orig. Lang. vi. 130 Language is the *flesh-garment of thought. 1712 W. Rogers Voy. 357 A good Quantity of Bread and Sweetmeats .. but little of *Flesh-kind. c 1300 Cursor M. 20068 (Edin.) Iohan pat was his *fles kinseman. 1575 Rich¬ mond. Wills (Surtees) 255 ,1 • fleshe kytt, ij d . a 1300 Cursor M. i7227(Gott.) Mi *fless lust to fulfill. 1535 Coverdale iCor. x. 25 What soeuer is solde in the *fleshmarket that eate. 1766 Wesley Jrnl. 13 June, I began preaching in the flesh- market. 1748 Anson’s Voy. iii. ii. 313 Instead of one reason¬ able *flesh-meal, they were now scarcely satisfied with three. 1616-61 Holyday Persius 336 I’m pleas’d now Upon the people to bestow a doal Of oile and ^flesh-pies. 1587 Mascall Govt. Catfell 1. (1653) 13 Barbes, which .. will grow and hang like ^flesh-pimples under his tongue. 1608 Machin Dumb Knight iii. in Hazl. Dodsley X. 164 My noble firelock of a *flesh pistol. 1795 Burke On Scarcity Wks. VII. 411 Another cause, .tended to produce a scarcity in *flesh provision.. 1593 Nashe Christ's 7 ’. Wks. (Grosart) IV. 173 It had stript his soule foorth of his *fieshe rinde. 14.. Medulla in Cath. Atigl. 135 note, Laniatorium, a *ffiessh stal. 1855 Browning By the Fireside xxiv, Your soul .. Piercing its fine *flesh-stuff. 1838 Dickens Nick. Nick, x, A bright salmon *flesh-tint. 1562-3 Act 5 Eliz. c. 5 § 11 In sparing and encrease of *Fleshe Victuall of this Realme. b. objective, as flesh-eater, -former, -maker, -pleaser, + -tawer, f -vourer sbs.; flesh-pleasing vbl. sb.; flesh-amazing, -consuming , -devouring, -eating , -enraging, -mangling, -pleasing, + -tawing, -transpiercing ppl. adjs. 1679 Keach Glorious Lover 11. v. 285 Hark ! dost not hear that ^flesh-amazing cry? 1603 J. Davies Microcosmos (Grosart) 63/1 Streight away they weare . .With *flesh-con« suming fleshly fraile delight. 1609 — Holy Roode (Grosart) 22/1 The Monster *Flesh-deuouring Death. 16x6 J. Lane Contn. Sqr.'s T. x. 433 Not Diomedes horse (’‘fleshe eatr of men) had ear th’obediencc this atchiv'd o’re them. 1862 H. Spencer First Pntic. ji. xiv. §110 (1875) 315 Among animals the flesh-eaters cannot exist without the plant-eaters. 1592 Nashe P. Penilesse Wks. (Grosart) II. 73 We are such ^flesh-eating Saracens, a x6i8 J. Davies Wittes pilgrimage (Grosart) 39/2 : Tlesh-enraging Lust. 1873 E. Smith Foods 6 The division of foods into the two great classes of "‘flesh- formers and heat-generators. 1550 Bale Eng. Votaries 11. Eijb, Callynge bothe hym & his masmongers pulpifices, that is to saye, *fleshe-makers. 1813 Shelley Q. Mab viii. 179 The ^flesh-mangling scourge. 1586 Whetstone Eng. Mirror 63 One of these *fleshpleasers was the heretique Corinthius. 1647 Trapp Comm. Epist. 176 His watchfull soul, displeased deeply with that ^flesh-pleasing force. 1677 Horneck Gt. Law Consid. iv. (1704) 128 He. .is enticed to idleness, to *flesh-pleasing. c 1050 Suppl. ASlfric's Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 189 Lanio, uel lanista , net camifex .. flaectawere [j/c MS.]. 1609 J. Davies Holy Roode (Grosart) 11/1 On his virgin skin. .*Flesh-tawing Whips engrosse the deeds of Hate ! Ibid. 13/1 * Flesh-transpiercing Thornes. *533 Tindale Supper of Lord C v, Thys carnall *fleshe vowerer and fleshly Jewe. c. instrumental, etc., as flesh-clogged, -clouded, -freed, -gorged, -manured, -smelling. X847 Craig, *F'lesh-clogged. 1869 W. P. Mackay Grace <$• Truth 215 This will ever be.. the longing of my flesh-clogged soul. 1647 H. More Cupids Confict lx, Earthly minds .. Discern not this *flesh-clouded Deity, c 1599 Sylvester Epit. Death B. Nicolson Wks. (Grosart) II. 339/1 Friends.. Whose ^flesh-freed Souls are henceforth free from sinning. 1878 Browning La Saisiaz 437 A touch .. lifts his spirit where, flesh-freed, Knowledge shall be rightly named so. 1804 J. Grahame Sabbath (1808) 45 The croak of *flesh- gorged ravens. X593 Nashe Christ's T. Wks. (Grosart) IV. 94 A newe storie of *flesh-manured earth haue they cast vpon it. 1627 May Lucan vi. (1635) K vij b, Their ashy garments, and *flesh-smelling coales. d. similative, as flesh-like adj.; flesh-pink, -red adj. and quasi-sb. Also Flesh-colobred a. 1552 Huloet, *Flesblike .. camnrius. 1653 Walton Angler 166 Carps have .. apiece of flesh-like-fish in their mouth like a tongue. 1882 Garden 17 June 432/1 In colour it is a beautiful 'Mesh-pink. 1819 Children Client. Anal. 380 A faint 'Mesh red colour. 1843 Portlock Geol. 219 Crystals, .of a yellowish-white or light flesh-red. 13 . Special comb.: flesh-bag [slang), a shirt; fflesh-baste v. (see quot. 1611); also (after Baste ^. 3 ) to beat about the body; flesh-beam =fleshing-beam ; flesh-bird, one that lives upon flesh; a carnivorous bird; f flesh-board, ? = fleshing-board ; -f flesh-brand, a mark burnt into the flesh; hence + flesh-branded pa. pple. ; f flesh-bred a., thoroughly trained (in crime); J flesh-broker, slang (see quots.) ; so flesh- brokery; flesh-brush, a brush used for rubbing the surface of the body, in order to excite the cir¬ culation ; fflesh-company, sexual intercourse; t flesh-crook, ? akind of forkwith hooked prongs ; cf. Flesh-hook ; flesh-crow, a dialect name for the carrion crow ( Corvus corone) ; -|- flesh-day, a day on which flesh may be eaten; J flesh- dresser, ? applied to the beadle who flogged pros¬ titutes ; flesh-fallen a., emaciated ; -(flesh-father, a father ‘ after the flesh an earthly father; flesh- flea, the chigoe, Sarcopsylla penetrans [Cent. Diet.) ; •( flesh-fonding, the act of gratifying fleshly appetites or desires; flesh-fork, a fork for removing meat from the pot; flesh-germ, a synonym of Sarcophyte [Syd. Soc. Lex. 18S4); flesh-glove, a glove used to stimulate the cir¬ culation by rubbing the flesh ; f flesh - glue = Saucocoi.la ; ! flesh-hold, flesh enough to be held with the teeth ; flesh-juice, ‘ the reddish, acid liquid which is contained in dead muscle’ [Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884); flesh-knife = fleshing- knife ; + flesh-leeeh, a physician for the body; •( flesh-marked pa. pple., having a mark on the body (cf. flesh-branded) ; flesh-quake [after the analogy of Earthquake], a trembling of the body ; flesh side, the side of a skin that was nearest the flesh (see 6); ‘the rough side of a leather belt ’ (Lockwood); j- flesh-spades [humorous), the finger-nails ; t flesh-string, a muscle ; -( flesh- tailor, humorously, one who sews up wounds ; a surgeon ; flesh-taster, an officer appointed to test the wholesomeness of meat; f fleshtimber, corporeal matter ; •( flesh-time, a time when flesh may be eaten ; flesh-traffic, ‘ the slave trade ’ (Adm. Smyth) ; flesh-wound, a wound that does not extend beyond the flesh. 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Did., *Flesh-l>ag, a shirt. 1820 London Mag. I. 29 They are often without a flesh*bag to their backs. 1611 Cotgr., Glacer .. to ‘flesh-bast, or stitch downe the Iyning of a garment, thereby to keepe it from sagging. 1639 Shirley Maid’s Rev. iv. ii, We were going to Mesh-haste one another. 1796 Coleridge To Yng. Man of Fortune Poems (1863) 263 O’er his uncoffined limbs The flocking 'flesh-birds screamed. 1411 Notting¬ ham Rec. II. 86, j. -fleschboru. 1646 Gaule Cases Consc. 105 Whether all Witches have Corporall Markes, or dia- bolicall * Flesh-brands. 1675 Loud. Gaz. No. 999/4 A Chesnut Sorrel Gelding .. with 1 . S. *flesh branded on the Shoulder. 1513 More in Grafton Citron. (4568) II. 804 A felow “flesh bred in murther before time, a 1700 B. E. 40-2 FLESH. 316 FLESHEB. Diet. Cant. Crew, * Flesh-broker , a Match-maker; also a Bawd. Ibid., Spiritual flesh-broker, a Parson, a 1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary v. iv. (1651) 86 She .. that is So expert grown in this *flesh Brokery. 1704 F. Fuller Med. Gymn. (1718) 197 Chafing of the Skin, or .. the Use of the *Flesh-Brush. 1884 Cassell's Family Mag. Feb. 143/2 Fric¬ tion with rough towels and flesh-brush. 1522 World <$- Child in Hazl. Dodsley I. 273 The Son of God sickerly Took flesh and blood of the Virgin Mary, Without touching of man’s ■^flesh-company. 1465 Reg. Gild Corp. Chr. York (1872)295 Et j fustinula vocata *fleschcroke. 1576 E. Johnson in Durham Depos. (Surtees) 312 If ther were a hundrethe devils of hell.. with fleshe croks in their hands.. he wold run throughe them all to hir. 1885 Swainson Pros'. Names Brit. Birds 82 Carrion Crow (Corvus coronc ), so called from the bird’s habit of feeding on the flesh of dead animals; whence also..*Flesh crow, c 1440 Anc. Cookery in Househ. Ord. (1700) 429 Tempur horn, on fyssheday wyth wyn, and on *flesheday with broth of flesh. 1584-5 Act 27 Eliz. c. 11 § 4 To utter and sell all maner of Sea Fish upon any Flesh Daye in the Weeke. 1674 Josselyn Voy. New Eng. 13 Three flesh dayes in the week. 1620 Melton Astrolog. 32 Tom Todd and his fellow *flesh-dressers. 1876 Tennyson Harold 1. i, Am I not Work-wan, *flesh-fallen ? 1876 Whitby Gloss., Flesh-fallen, bodily pined. 13.. Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. xxxii. 240 hedde bo)?e on *flesch-fadur. 1558 Grimalde Cicero's Offices Pref. to Rdr., In ryotting and banketing or in outragious *flesh- fondinges. 1662 South Serm. (1823) I. 109 To scour the *flesh-forks. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Flesh- fork, a long, two-pronged iron fork for getting up meat out of a pot or caldron. 1818 Sporting Mag. II. 225 Rubbing.. my body, .with the mohair *flesh-glove. 1659 Rowbotham Gate Lang. Util. xi. § 124 Frankincense, mastick, rosin, *flesh-glue are the juices and gums of certain trees. 1621 Sanderson 12 Serm. (1637) 369 There was *flesh-hould enough for the riming Satyrists .. whereon to fasten the sorest and the strongest teeth they had. 1881 Lcicestersh. Gloss., *Flcsh-knife, the knife used by tanners to scrape or pare the flesh from the hide on the ‘ fleshing-beam’. c 1340 Cursor M. 27382 (Fairf.) Ri3t as *flesshe leche salle dele wi}> diuerse saluis to saris hele. 1682 Loud. Gaz. No. 1723/4 A large bay Nag. .*Flesh-markt on the off Shoulder. 1631 B. Jonson New Inne To himselfe 6 They may, blood-shaken then, Feel such a *flesh-quake to possesse their powers, As they shall cry like ours. 1820 L. Hunt Indicator No. 26 (1822) I. 201 The fever of the soul, .renders us liable to our most terrible ‘ flesh-quakes’. 1630 Charter in Maitland Hist. Edin. iv. (1753) 298 That none of the Trade presume to brock sheep-skins on the Rim or * Flesh-side. 1792 J. Belknap Hist. New-Hampshii-e III. 159 Skins..with the flesh sides together. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones xi. viii, The injury done to the beauty of her husband by the *flesh-spades of Mrs. Honour. 1587 Golding De Mornay xiv. 225 Wee see in mansbody. .agreatenomberofsinewes,*Fleshstrings, and knitters. 1633 Ford ’Tis Pity 111. vii, Here's a stitch fallen in my guts; oh for a ^flesh-tailor quickly. 1766 Entick London IV. 403 Four aleconners, and four ^flesh-tasters. i860 W. White All round Wrekin xx. (ed. 2) 195 The ‘ hardware village’, as folk called it [Birmingham], with, .an ale-taster and a flesh-taster among its functionaries, a 1225 Leg. Kath. 1188 Nes nawt iteiet to \>e treo J?er he deide upon, to drahen, buten *fleschtimber. <*1450 Holland Howlat6q6 In *flesche tyme, quhen the fische war away flemyt. 1611 Cotgr., Charnaut , flesh-time, a 1674 Claren¬ don Hist. Reb. xiv. 11704) III. 397 Poor Wogan .. receiv’d upon a Party an ordinary *flesh wound. 1856 Kane A ret. Expl. I. xxix. 398, I hit .. one of our dogs.. luckily a flesh- * wound only. Flesh (flej), v. [f. prec. sb.] 1 . trans. To reward (a hawk or hound) with a portion of the flesh of the game killed, in order to excite his eagerness in the chase. Hence in wider sense, to render (an animal) eager for prey by the taste of blood. 1530 Palsgr. 551/2 Flesshe, as we do an hounde, whan we gyve him any parte of a wylde beest to encourage hym to ronne wel. 1576 Turberv. Vetierie 131 Those rewardes . .will much better flesh and encourage the houndes. 1609 Holland A mm. Marcell. xxvm. xiii. 346 Ravening foules made more cruell and eagre with the tast of bloud that had so fleshed them. 1633 T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter ii. 4 An old bitten cur, that being fleshed to the game, will not be staved off. a 1743 Savage Valentine's Day 7 No crocodile there flesh’d with prey appears. 1751 Smollett Per. Pic. (1779) I. viii. 70 Before they had fleshed the hounds, he recollected himself. 2 . transf and fig. a. To initiate in or inure to bloodshed or warfare. 153° Palsg. 416/2 He his fleshed and accustomed to kyll men lyke shepe. a 1611 Forman Diary 8 Simon would not shrink for a bluddi nose with any boye, for he was then thorowly fleshed. 1646 Sir J. Temple Irish Rebell. 86 Flesht and blooded in the slaughter of many thousands of the English nation. 1704 J. Blair in W. S. Vcrvy Hist. Coll. Amer. Coll. Ch. I. 110 Soldiers well fleshed in blood, .can’t endure to be reduced to private life again. 1826 E. Irving Babylon I. 11. 143 France..had been well fleshed in the work of blood by maiming and wounding herself. 1863 Kinglake Crbnca (1877) II. iv. 41 He fleshed his troops by indulging them with enterprises against the enemy’s posts. b. Hence, To initiate in, inure or habituate to any practice ; to render inveterate, harden (in wrong doing). Also, to render (errors or vices) inveterate. 1581 Savile Tacitus' Hist. m. xv. (1591) 123 To theende that the souldiers.. might be enured and fleshed in ciuill spoile. i 597"8 Bi*. Hall Sat. iv. vi. 52 When he is once fleshed to the Presse..He sends forth thraues of Ballads to the sale. 1664 H. More Myst. Iniq. xii. 153 Were not this a mere method of fleshing men in leudness and wickedness. 1665 Glanvill Scepsis Sci. x. 53 Yet others [Errors] are so flesht in us, that they maintain their interest upon the deceptibility of our decayed Nature. 1704 Swift T. Tub Wks. 1760 1 . 53 Fleshed at these smaller sports, like young wolves, they grew up in time to be uimble. C. To inflame the ardour, rage, or cupidity of (a person) by a foretaste of success or gratification (cf. flush) ; to incite, animate. ? Obs. 1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 28 Being flesshid and animatid as he was bi his tutors preamble. ?ci6oo Distracted Emf. v. i. in Bullen O. PI. III. 242 There is no devyll in me..That could have flesht me to thy violent deathe. 1612-5 Bp. Hall Contempt., O. T. viii. iv, The Israelites were so fleshed with their former victorie, that now they think no walls..can stand before them. 1660 T. M. Hist. Indepcnd. iv. 56 The newes of this victory so fleshed our bloodhounds that they began to boast above measure. 1671 Shadwell Humourist iv, This.. Bully.. was flesh’d, and would needs show his valour upon my shoulders. 1700 Dryden Fables, Ajax fy Ulysses 137 Him, flesh'd with slaughter, and with conquest crown’d. 3 . To plunge (a weapon, etc.) into the flesh. Also (originally with allusion to 1 or 2 a), To flesh one s ( maiden , virgin ) sword: to use it for the first time upon flesh, to fight one’s first battle. 1590 Marlowe 2nd Pt. Tamburl. iv. i, He .. Beats down our foes, to flesh our taintless swords. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, iv. v. 133 The wilde Dogge Shall flesh his tooth in euery Innocent. 1622 Dekker Virg. Martir 1. Wks. 1873 IV. 8 Antonius, so well hath flesh’d his maiden sword. 1725 Pope Odyss. xx. 461 Impatient strait to flesh his virgin-sword. 1866 Cornh. Mag. May 630 These rude retainers, .some¬ times finish by fleshing their knives to the haft in each other. 1867 F. Francis Angling iv. (1880) 113 The barbs of the hooks not being fleshed in them. b. transf. and fig. a 1592 Greene Selimus Wks. 1881-3 XIV. 231 To see the brethren disinherited, To flesh their anger one vpon another. 1695 Blackmore Pr. Arth. iv. 575 [He] flesht his Courage first in Saxon Blood. 1814 Byron Corsair 11. i. 17 All. .seek To flesh their glowing valour on the Greek. 1852 Dickens Bleak Ho. i, Clerks have been in the habit of fleshing their wit upon it. 1870 Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. 1. (1873) 372 The poor youth, just fleshing his maiden pen in criticism. c. To gratify (lust or destructive rage). 1601 Shaks. All’s Well iv. iii. 191'his night he fleshes his will in the spoyle of her honour. 1818 Scott Hrt. Midi. Iii, He intended to. .break into Butler’s peaceful habitation, and flesh at once his appetite for plunder and revenge. 4 . To clothe (a skeleton) with flesh; to embody in flesh. Also with out, over. Chiefly fig. a 1661 Fuller Worthies i. (1662) 2 This bare Sceleton of Time, Place, and Person must be fleshed with some pleasant passages. 1862 N. Brit. Rev. May, 519 The strong imagination has difficulty enough to get fleshed, .so as to dwell in common human forms. 1879 Blackw. Mag. Aug. 212 The making of man—a skeleton gradually fleshed over. 1886 G. Allen Maimie’s Sake xi, A dainty bit of ..word-painting, fleshed out and rendered thinkable. + b. To make fleshy; to fatten. Obs. a 1682 Sir T. Browne Tracts 115 To restore and well Flesh them, they commonly gave them Hogs Flesh. 1682 2nd Plea for Noncoufonnists 16 The Rooks, the Informers, ..hope to flesh themselves by picking the bones of the N onconformists. fig. a 1627 Middleton Spanish Gipsy iv, Flesh me with gold, fat me with silver. 5 . Leather-manuf. To remove the adhering flesh from (a skin or hide). 1777 t see Fleshing 2]. 1880 Times 27 Sept. 12/6 Un¬ hairing, fleshing, and scudding all kinds of skins. 1885 A. Watt Leather Manuf. x. 120 After the hair is removed the hides are fleshed. 6 . To paint flesh-colour. 1861 Mayhew Lottd. Labour III. 209/1 For colour¬ ing we [photographers] charge 3d more. .We flesh the face . .and blue the coat and colour the tablecloth. Flesh and blood. 1 . Used as representing the material of which man’s physical frame is composed; the body. In flesh and blood : in a bodily form, or in a living form. To take flesh and blood : to become incarnate. a 1340 Ham pole Psalter xvii. 11 He maked his son to take fleisse and blode. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. 11. 153 Whanne hit hadde of f?e [folde] flesch and blod ytake. 1509 Pari. Devylles Ixxii, I..toke flesshe and blode a mayde within. 1588 Shaks. L. L.L. i. i. 186, I would see his own person in flesh and blood. 1874 Blackie Self Cult. 39 A student ought to be. .careful about, .the sound condi¬ tion of his flesh and blood. fig. 1861 O’Curry Led. MS. Materials 153 A skeleton, to be at some future time clothed with flesh and blood. b. Mankind ; an individual man or men. Also predicatively To be flesh and blood : lo be human, have human feelings or weaknesses. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xvi. 17 Hit \>z ne onwreah flaesc ne blod. 1601 Shaks. All’s Well 1. iii. 38 A wicked crea¬ ture, as you and all flesh and blood are. 1636 Massinger Gt. Dk. Florence 11. iii, I am flesh and blood, and have affections Like other men. 1694 Congreve Double Dealer I. i, Maskwell is flesh and blood at best. 2832 Blackw. Mag. July 61/2 British flesh and blood were sacrificed to the theories of cold-blooded political economists. 1874 L. Stephen Hours in Library (1892) I. x. 346 Our grand¬ fathers were human beings..in Walpole’s pages they are still living flesh and blood. c. Humannaturewithitsemotionsandinfirmities. c 1450 tr. De Imitatione in. xxx. My god, lete not flesshe and blode ouercome me. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. i. II. Imposture 484 Heer I conceive that flesh and bloud will brangle. 1681 Dryden Abs. A chit. 96 And what was harder yet to flesh and blood, Their gods disgraced. 1714 Pope Epil. Rowe's Jane Shore 47 A piece of failing flesh and blood. 1844 Dickens Mart. Chuz. vii, There are certain things which flesh and blood cannot bear. d. attrib. or adj. Having actual human existence. 1824 Miss Febrier Inker, ix, A real flesh and blood living person. 1861 T. A. Trollope La Beat a I. i. 6 Those other flesh and blood visitors. 2 . (One’s) near kindred. a 1300 Cursor M. 4129 (Cott.) He. .es your aun fless and blod. 1393 Gower Conf I. 149 He ne shulde his counscil hide From hir that, .was so nigh flesshe and bloud. 1563-87 Foxe A. <$• M. (1631) III. xi. 131/2 This sorrowfull sight of his owne flesh and bloud could nothing moue him. 1596 Shaks. Merck. V. 11. ii. 98. 1855 Milman Lat. Ckr. v. vi, Athanasius, .had not spared his own flesh and blood. 3 . slang. Brandy and port in equal quantities. 1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy I. 294 Draughts com¬ posed of bishop and flesh and blood. 4 . The plant Potentilla Tormentilla; also, the name of a kind of apple. *853 G. Johnston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. 72 TormentiL. The plant itself, under the name Flesh-and-Blood, is a popular astringent medicine for children. 1882 Devonsh. Plant-n., Flesh and Blood. .a certain kind of Apple. Fle*sh-colour. [f. Flesh sb. + Colour.] The colour of the flesh (of a ‘white’ human being) as seen through the skin ; usually employed to denote a tint composed of ‘ a light pink with a little yellow * (O’Neill Dyeing 1S62L 1611 Cotgr., Baillet, a pale red, or flesh colour. 1674 Jos¬ selyn Voy. New Eng. 74 The flesh of it [water-melon] is of a flesh colour. 1882 Garden 15 July 58/2 Flowers of fine substance and form .. flesh colour, suffused with pink, b. attrib. or adj. =next. i7ii Addison Sped. No. 13 P 3 He once gave him a Ripp in his flesh-colour Doublet. Fle sh-coloured, a. Of the colour of flesh. 1752 Sir J. Hill Hist. Anim. 95 The little flesh-coloured actinia. 1774 Goldsm. Hist. Earth V. 1. xi. 115 The head and neck are without feathers covered with a flesh-coloured skin on the upper part. 1840 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 177 The flesh-coloured clover. 1861 Miss Pratt Flovver PI. IV. 93 Flesh-coloured Speedwell. Fleshed (flejt',///.«. [f. Fleshj-/;. andz/. + -ED.] 1 . Clothed or furnished with flesh : chiefly with some defining prefix. Also , fleshed and boned. 1422 tr. Secreta Secret ., Friv. Friv. (E. E. T. S.) 224 Lytill ..lymes of the body, and lene y flesshide. 1594 Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits (1616) 276 To be meanely fleshed, that is, neither ouermuch nor verie little. 1611 Bible Gen. xli. 2 There came vp out of the riuer seuen well fauoured kine, and fat fleshed. 1674 Josselyn Voy. New Eng. 99 The Partridge is larger than ours, white flesht. 1748 Richardson Clarissa Wks. 1883 VII. 287 His loose fleshed wabbling chaps, which hung on his shoulders. 1851 Ruskin Mod. Paint. II. 11. iii. iv. § 16 Painters, .who can set the supernatural form before us, fleshed and boned like ourselves. 1858 Hogg Life Shelley II. x. 316 My. .hostess asked me..what I thought of the handsome, well-fleshed girl ? 1869 Daily News 30 July, A very sleek, level-fleshed bull, b. of fruit (with defining prefix). 1859 Jefhson Brittany v. 63 The magnificent orange- fleshed melon. 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. iv. (1873) 67 A yellow or purple fleshed fruit. 2 . [Cf. F. acharnf ] a. Inured to bloodshed, hardened, b. Eager for battle, c. Animated by relentless hatred, bent on the destruction or injury of a person. Const, upon. a. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill, iv. iii. 6 They were flesht Villaines, bloody Dogges. a 1616 Beaum. & Fl. Custom of Country iv. i, A flesh’d ruffian. b. 1591 Horsey Trav. (Hakluyt Soc.) 263 The Poll, .with his.. now fleshed armye, assaults.. townes of the Muscovetts. 1719 D’Urfey Pills I. 355 The Jacks are fierce, and Wil- liamites are flesh'd. C. c 1620 Trag. Barnavelt iv. iii. in Bullen Old PI. (1883) II. 277 There can be no attonement. .Vandort is fleshd upon me. 1659 B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 176 They were so fleshed upon one another, that they aspired to nothing less then peace. Fleshen (fle-J’n), a. rare. [f. Flesh sb. + -en 4. OE. had flsescen .] Composed of flesh. [«iooo Prudentius Glosses in Germania XXIII. 394/2 Carnulenta, flaescene.] 1538 Goodly Prymcr I ij, Gyue us a fleshen herte, a softe herte. 1879 Farrar St. Paul II. 103 Written, .not on stonen tablets, but on fleshen tablets. Flesher (flejbr). Chiefly Ac. F’orms : 4-7 ffes(e)har, -ir, -or, -(e)our, 7- flesher. [f. Flesh sb. + -eh. Cf. Ger . Jleischer-, also Fleshheweii, of which this may be an alteration.] 1 . A dealer in flesh, a butcher. 1369 Mem. Ripon (1882) I. 137 Joh. deStaynlay, Fleshour. 1483 Cath. Angl. 135/2 A Fleschour, macellarius. 1533 Beli.endf.n Livy iii. (1822) 274 He pullit ane swerde fra ane flescheour. <1:1651 Calderwood Hist. Kirk (1843) II. 121 A fieshiour, named Sandersone, had putt away his lawfull wife. 1826 J. Wilson Nod. Ambr. Wks. 1855 I. 186 A bit schachlin ewe-necked powney, coft frae a sporting flesher. 1853 Reade Chr. Johnstone 176 The baddish boy had obtained them [steaks], .at the flesher’s. transf. 1535 Bellenden Livy 11. (1822) 160 The pepill had na litill indignacioun that this Marcius suld rise sa haistelie to be thair new fleschour and skurgeare. 2 . U.S. A tool for fleshing hides; a fleshing-knife. 1885 C. T. Davis Manuf. Leather 309 The saw-toothed flesher sometimes employed for dry hides. Hence Fleshery (*SV.) ‘The business of a butcher; now called Fleshing * (Jam. Suppl. 1825). 1483 [see Fleshhewf.ry]. 1541 Aberdeen Reg. V. 19 (Jam.), The counsale licent him to vse his craft of fleshary to outred his pennyworths. + Flesher 2 . Obs. [f. Flesh v.] An en- courager. 1646 Gaule Cases Consc. 87 To advise them to prudence.. in such a case ; is to be reputed, .a Favourer and a Flesher of Witches. FLESH-FLY. 317 FLESHLY. Flesh-fly. 1 . A fly which deposits its eggs (or, if viviparous, its larvae) in dead flesh; a blow-fly (as Musca vomitoria or Sarcophaga camaria). Used by Wyclif to render L. cynomyia. a 1300 Cursor M. 5956 Hungri flies. .To fless-flies pai war likest. 1388 Wyclif Ps. lxxvii. 45 He sente a fleisch flie in to hem, and it eet hem. c 1440 Hylton Scala Per/. (W. de W. 1494' 11. xlii, There dare no flesshe flye rest vpon the pottes brynke. 1556 J. Heywood Spider <5* F. v. 9 A fleshe flie as big as a humble bee. 1658 Rowland Moufet’s Theat. Ins. 934 The Flesh-fly. .is the biggest of all other, he hath a red¬ dish head, very greedy of flesh. 1789 G. White Selborne xvii. (1853) 70 The maggots which turn to flesh-flies. 1861 Hulme tr. Moquin-Tandon 11. iv. i. 237 The Flesh Fly .. produces a constant buzzing noise. 2 . Jig. of persons. 1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 715 Esaus, and repro¬ bates, and very carnall fleshflyes. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. viii. ii. § 2. 378 Those flesh flies having once tasted the sweet, though often beaten off, would not long bee kept away. 1782 Cowper Progr. Err. 324 These flesh-flies of the land, Who fasten without mercy on the fair. 1825 Ma¬ caulay Milton Ess. (1854) 15/2 If there be anything unsound, these flesh-flies detect it with unerring instinct. t Fle shful, a. Obs.— ° [f. Flesh si. + -ful.] Full of flesh, fat, plump. 1352 in Huloet. t Flesh-hewer. 06 s. In 4 flessehewer, flesch-hewere, fleschewar, 5 fleschewer, Sc. flesehowar. [Cf. Du. vleeschhouwer, MHG. vleischhouwer .] A butcher. I 335 Nottingham Records I. 431 Flesshewergate (Vicus Carnificum). 1379 Poll Tax Returns for Sheffield in Shef¬ field Gloss. (1888) s. v., Ricardus Stub & Emma vxor ejus, fflessehewer, vj d. a 1400 Burgh Laws lxiv. (Sc. Stat. I.) Gif pe fleschewar graythis ivil flesche he sal restor hym pe scathis bat aw be bestys. 1444 Aberdeen Reg. 4 June, Item, that the fleschowaris dicht and mak clene the fleschous ilke ouke on Friday. Hence f Fleshhewery, a slaughter-house. 1483 Cath. Angl. 135 A Fleschewrye, camificium . Fle shhood, + -head. arch. [f. Flesh sb. + -head, -hood.] a. Fleshly state or condition, b. The condition of being in the flesh, or becoming flesh; incarnation. c 1440 Hylton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 11. xxx, The Soule myghte not that tyme for freelte of the flesshede suffre it soo. 1856 Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh vii. 1030 God. .who hast thyself Endured this flesh-hood. Fle - sh-hook. 1 . A hook for removing meat from the pot. £1325 in Rel. Ant. I. 292 Summe notes, .am. .kroken a-weyward als a fleshoke. c 1386 Chaucer Soinpit. T. 22 Ful hard it is, with fleischhok or with oules To ben y-clawed. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 166/1 Flesche hooke, crcagra, fuscina. 1514 Barclay Cyt. <5- Uplondyshm. Pref. (Percy Soc.) 50 The scullians. .Came forth with whittles, some other with fleshhooks. 1611 Bible 2 Chron. iv. 16 The pots also, and the shouels, and the fleshhookes. fig. Brathwait Descr. Death in Farr S. P. fas. I. (1848) 271 Earth-turned, mole-eied, flesh-hook, that puls us hence. 2 . dial. (See quot.) 1881 Leicestersh. Gloss., Flesh-hook, an iron hook with a long ‘stail,* used to pull hides out of the tan-pits. 3 . A hook to hang meat upon ; a i pot-hook’. 1596 Nashe Saffron Walden Wks. (Grosart) III. 64 These roguish Arsemetrique gibbets or flesh-hookes, and cyphers, or round 00s. 1874 in Knight Diet. Mech. + Flesh house. Obs. In i flieschus, 5 flesh- usse, 6 fleshows. A place where meat is killed or sold ; a butcher’s shop ; shambles. £■1000 ^Elfric Gloss, in Wr.-Wiilcker 184 Cam ale, flseschus. 1435 Nottingham Rec. II. 357 Y° Comon Fleshusse in y® Setterday Merkeht. 1503 Kalender of Sheph. E iij, Oon dyrk plays ful [of] tablys et of stankys as oon fleshows. Fle'shify, v. nonce-wd. [f. Flesh -f -(i)fy.] trans. To turn into flesh. Hence Fle*shified ppl . a. 1768 [See Fishify.] Fleshiness (defines). Also 5 fleshnes. [f. Fleshy a. + -ness.] The quality or state of being fleshy; fullness of flesh. 14.. tr. Secreta Secret, cxxxii. (E. E. T. S.) 117 With- oute greet fleshnes yn be knees. 1533 Elyot Cast. Helthe I. (1541) 2/1 Carnositie or fleshynesse. 1581 Mulcaster Positions xx i. (1887)90 Running .. abateth the fleshinesse, and corpulence of the body. 1641 Milton Ch. Govt. II. iii. (1851) 170 A diet puffing up the soul with a slimy fleshinesse. 1788 Baillie in Phil. Trans. LXXVIII. 358 [He] used his right hand in preference to his left..which was readily discovered by. .the greater fleshiness of the arm. 1830 Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 72 Flowers, with no peculiar fleshiness in the anthers. 1883 G Allen in Longni. Mag. July 311 ( Strawberries ), Suppose any ancestral potentilla ever to have shown any marked tendency towards fleshiness in the berry. fg. 1644 Vaughan Serm. 8 A Wisdom of the flesh, .a kind of flesh, and fleshines in the very mind and spirit, b. concr. A fleshy substance or growth. 1616 Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 83 The male hath no combe, as our Cockes, but in stead thereof a red fleshi¬ nesse. Fleshing (fle-Jig), vbl. sb. ff. Flesh v. and sb. + -ING 1.] 1 . The action of inciting (hounds) to the chase by giving them a taste of flesh. 1576 Turberv. Venerie 213 Greyhoundes will requyre greater fleshyng and encouragement to a Wolfe than to any other chace. 1611 Cotgr., Acharnement, a fleshing. 2 . Leather-manuf. The action or process of scrap¬ ing off the pieces of flesh, etc., adhering to the flesh- side of a skin ; also pi. that which is scraped off. 1777 Macbride in Phil. Trans. LXVIII. 114 The opera¬ tion called fleshing, .consists in a further scraping, with a particular kind of knife..and cutting away the jagged extremities and offal parts, such as the ears and nostrils. i860 lire's Diet . Arts (ed. 5) II. 676 The fleshings are pressed into cakes, and sold for making glue. 1885 A. Watt Leather Manuf. xxvi. 323 The unhairing and fleshing of calf skins. 3 . (See quot., and cf. Flesh sb. 6.) 1598 Florio Andar in Carnafau , to go a fleshing or a wenching. 4 . Sc. 1 The business of a butcher ’ (Jam. Suppl . 1825). 5 . The distribution of the flesh on an animal. 1876 Daily News 5 Dec. 2/1 The dainty shapes, undeni¬ able style, and even fleshing of Sir W. C. Trevelyan’s beauti¬ ful white Irish and shorthorn cross. 6 . pi. A close-fitting, flesh-coloured garment of a light material, usually of silk, worn upon the stage to represent the natural skin ; also Jlesking-tights. 1838 D. Jerrold Men of Character, J. Runnymcde v. Wks. 1864 III. 189 Mind and be very particular with the fleshings. 1851 Mayhevv Loud. Labour (1861) III. 118/2 Then i’m dressed up in fleshing tights. 1856 Alb. Smith Sketches of Day Ser. 1. 11. i. 9 Any lovely spirit, whose silk fleshings move in pliant grace. 1879 Geo. Eliot Theo. Such x. 178 Ophelia in fleshings. 7 . Comb., as fleshing-beam (see quot.) ; flesh- ing-board = prec. ; fleshing-iron==next; flesh - ing-knife (see quot. 1839) ; fleshing-shop, the place where skins are fleshed ; a beam-house. 1881 Leicestersh. Gloss., Flesh-beam or * Fleshing-beam, a wooden instrument .. on which is suspended the hide to be dressed, for the purpose of scraping off any remains of the flesh, &c. 1547 Aberdeen Reg. 37 Feb., Item, ane *flesching buird, with ane fuyt and ane. *flesching jrne. 1839 U re Diet. Arts 764 The *fleshing knife; a large two handled implement with a blunt edge, and bent to suit the curvature of the rounded beam of the wooden horse upon which the hide is scraped. 1885 A. Watt Leather Manuf. xxiv. 291 The goatskins, when ready for. .fleshing, are removed to the *fleshing shop. Fleshless (fle-Jles), a. [f. Flesh sb. + -less.] 1 . Destitute of flesh. 1586 Marlowe ist Pt. Tatnlurl. v. ii, Death..is seated on my horsemen’s spears, And on their points his fleshless body feeds. 1607 Dekker Knt's Conjur. (1842) 41 Fleshlesse shin-bones dig’d out of graues. 1786 tr. Beck- ford's Vathck (1868) 113 The fleshless forms of the Pre* adamite Kings. 1842 Barham Ingol. Leg., Nell Cook , A fleshless, sapless, skeleton lay in that horrid well. + b. Without material substance ; phantom-like. a 1592 Greene Alphonsus hi. (Rtldg.) 23.5/2 When thou know’st the certainty thereof, By fleshless visions shew it. 2 . Without superfluous flesh; emaciated, lean. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. i. iv. Handy Crafts 38 He chooseth one [horse]. .With. .Dry Sinewy shanks ; strong, fleshless knees. 1809 Crabbe Tales 36 Sheep .. fleshless, lank and lean. 1847 J. Wilson Chr. North (1857) I. 161 Racking pain was in her fleshless bones. +3. Without meat. Obs~ 1 6*1394 P. PI. Crede 787 Wortes flechles wroughte. + Fle*slllih.OOd. Alsofleshlihead. [f. Fleshly + -head, -hood.] Fleshly state or condition, fleshliness, gratification of the flesh. c 1440 Hylton Scala Perf (W. de W. 1494) 11. xxxii, And the more it is departed fro flesshlyhede the sharper sighte it hath, c 1449 Pecock Repr. 111. vii. 319 Religiose men for¬ saking miche of worldlihode and of fleischlihode. + Fle'shlily. rare. [f. Fleshly a . ; -ly -.] = Fleshly adv. 1614 J. Robinson Relig. Communion 86 The most of them conceaving carnally or fleshlily of the Lords Covenant did glory in the flesh. Fleshliness (fle'Jlines). [OE. flxsclicncss, f. Jlxsclic, Fleshly + -ness.] 1 . + a. InO.E.: Incarnate condition, b. Fleshly quality or state, carnality; ‘carnal passions or appetites’ (J.). c'iooo ^Elfric Horn. II. 27S Se 3 e, aefter menniscum wisdome, wile smeagan ymbe < 5 a gerynu Christes fla;sclic- nysse. 1388 Wyclif Dent. xvii. 17 Ful many wyues.. drawen his [the King’s] soule to ouer myche fleischlynesse. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 84 Thre maner of people .. were called to oure Lordes soper, and came not, for pryde for worldlynesse and for flesshelynesse. 1658 Whole Duty Man xvi. 343 Tis the carnality and fleshliness of our hearts that makes it seem so. 1859 I. Taylor Logic in Theol. 338 That extreme creed which satisfies a sensuous and sensual fleshliness. J* 2 . Fullness of flesh ; fleshiness. Obs~ 0 1552 Huloet, Fleshlines, or abundaunce of flesh called carnositye, carnositas. 1580 Baret Alv. G 569 Grosse- nesse, or fleshlinesse, co>pulc?itia. 1611 Cotgr., Car- nositS, fleshlinesse, fulnesse of flesh. f Fle shling. Obs. rare -1 , [f. Flesh sb. + -ling. Cf. worldling.] A fleshly-minded person. 1548 Confut. N. Shaxton I v a, The justice of God .. is to rewarde the spirituall. .with the blessynges promised, & the fieshlynges, the reprobate, with the plages thretned. Fleshly (fle-Jli), a. and adv. [OE. Jlksclic, f. Jlksc, Flesh + die, -ly h] A. adj. I. Of or pertaining to the flesh, i.e. the body. 1 . Of or pertaining to bodily appetites and indul¬ gences ; carnal, lascivious, sensual. Rarely of per¬ sons ; Given up to bodily lusts; = Carnal 3. c 888 K. ,/Elfred Boeth. xxxi. § 1 Hwaet godes majan we seegan on pa fkesclican unpeawas. c 1000 vElfric Horn. II. 100 Unrihtlic bi 5 past se cristena mann flaesclice lustas gefremme. 6:1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 63 WidtieS 3m fro flesliche lustes. ^1300 Cursor M. 26364 (Cott.) Flessely sin es lucheri. 1382 Wyclif i Pet. ii. n Fleschly desijris .. fi^ten a3ens the soule. c 1440 Hylton Scala Perf (W. de W. 1494) 11. viii, All the flesshly felynge of this synfull ymage. 1533 Frith Answ. Fisher ( 1829) 194 Fleshly men ..that follow their own lusts and appetites, a 1592 H. Smith Wks. (1867) II. 410 The religion of Mahomet is fleshly, consisting in natural delights and corporal pleasures. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. iv. ii. Wks. 1856 I. 119 Shall justice sleepe In fleshly lethargie? 1714 Pope Epil. Rowe's Jatte Shore 21 The godly dame, who fleshly failings damns. 1826 Scott Woodst. xxix, What he called a fleshly frailty, .was in truth an attachment to strong liquors. 1872 R. Buchanan (title) The Fleshly School of Poetry and other Phenomena of the day. + b. Sexual; = Carnal 3 b. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 10874 (Cott.) Hu sal i brede, pat neuer hadd part of flessli dede of man ? 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour E vj b, [She] coueyted to haue his flesshely coinpanye. 1485 Act 1 Hen. VII, c. 4 Advoutry, Fornication, Incest, or any other fleshly Incontinency. + 2 . Connected by, or based upon, ties of flesh and blood; natural. = Carnal 2. Obs. c 900 Bxda's Hist. 1. xvi. [xxvii.] (1890) 68 Da goodan ffedras gewuniaS heora flaeslecu beam, a 1225 Juliana 5 Hire fleschliche feder wes affrican ihaten. <11300 Cursor M. 20068 (Cott.) Saint iohan pat was his flexsli kinesman. 14.. P 7'ose Legends in Anglia VIII. 117 This mayden was his fleschly cosyn. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 760 Fleshly eonsanguinitie. 1578 Glide G. Ball. (1868) 29 We our fleschely father dreid. 3 . ‘Natural’, unredeemed, unregenerate; = Carnal 5. 971 Blickl. Horn. 19 pa flaeslican willan. c 1200 Ormin 17276 To shsewenn himm whatt wise Flaeshlike mann ma}} wurrpenn gast. 1526 Tindale Rom. viii. 7 That the flesshly mynde is enmyte against God. 1550 Crowley Epigr. 1035 That wyth theyr fleshly fansey They may make it [Scripture] agre. 1871 Ruskin Fors Clav. xxiv. (1872) 10 Avaricious, .in an instinctive, fleshly way. 4 . Of or pertaining to the material body, mortal; material as opposed to spiritual; human as op¬ posed to divine. The Jleshly eye : the bodily eye. Now rare. = Carnal i. c 1200 Ormin 12112 Ne mihhte he nohht purrh fkeshlic e}hess sihhpe Seon paere [etc.], a 1225 Leg. KatJi. 914 Dus he schrudde & hudde him.. wi <5 ure fleschliche schrud. 13.. E. E. A llit. P. A. 1081 An-vnder mone so gret merwayle No fleschly hert ne my3t endeure. 1382 Wyclif 2 Chi-oti . xxxii. 8 With hym is the fleschely arm; with us the Lord oure God. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) 1. i. (1850) 1, I had made an ende and fully fynyshed my fleshely pylgremage. 1435 Misyn Fire of Love (E. E. T. S.) 61 With fflescly eyn bodily pingis ar seyn. 1590 Spenser F. Q. ii. x. 50 Th’ eternall Lord in fleshly slime Enwombed was. 1607 Rowlands Famous Hist. 67 My golden Scepter, in a fleshly hand, Is taken from me by another King. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. iv. § 14, I never imagined it could be pretended that we saw God with our fleshly eyes. 1874 Blackie Self Cult. 10 The soul of a man underlies his features and his fleshly frame¬ work. 5 . Pertaining to, concerned with, or influenced by the present life, and considerations connected with it; worldly. Now rare. = Carnal 4. c 1200 Ormin 4852 All flaeshli3 care & serr^he. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 33 The hartes .. of flesshely people be harde. 1531 Tindale Exp. 1 John (1537) 38 They preach hym falselye vnto theyr fleshly vauntage. a 1591 R. Greenham Short forme Catcchismg Wks. (1599) 418 Fleshly hatred of our enemies. 1648 Cromwell Let. 25 Nov. in Ann. Reg. (1765) 52 Our fleshly reasonings ensnare us. 1798 Missionary Mag. No. 24. 217 Simplicity and godly sincerity, as opposed to fleshly wisdom, strongly marked his character. 1875 Manning Mission H. Ghost i. 22 The man of flesh and blood, of fleshly reasons. II. With reference to flesh (as a substance), t 6. Well furnished with flesh ; fat, plump; = Fleshy i. Obs. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus 111. 1199(1248) Her sidis longe, fieishely, smoothe, and white He gan to stroke. 1422 tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. (E. E. T. S.) 226 Men whyche haue fleshly theghes and not bony. 1562 Turner Baths 8 b, They are good for them that are to fatt and fieshlye. 1651 Life Father (1676) 97 Looking him in the face you would rather have thought it fleshly than otherwise. 1694 Ace. Sev. Late Voy. 11. (1711) 92 They are very good Food, .fleshly and fattish. 7 . Consisting of flesh ; = Fleshy 2. ? Obs. 1541 R. Copland Guydotis Quest. Chirurg. E iv a, Sub- staunce flesshely, bony, and cartilagynous. 1591 Spenser M. Hubberd 1090 The Tygre, and the Bore.. seeking to take occasion Upon his fleshly corpse to make invasion. 1654 Vilvain Epit. Ess. v. Ixxx. 116 b, Caling such Animals as liv on Land Flesh ; and thos that dwel in Water Fish ; yet in Nature the Bodies of both are Fleshly. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xlvi. (1856) 423. A smiling country, like a smiling face, needs some provision of fleshly integuments. b. esp. of the heart: Soft, as opposed to 4 stony ’; tender ; = Fleshy 2 c. 1382 Wyclif 2 Cor. iii. 3 Not in stoony tablis, but in fleischly tablis of herte. 1541 Barnes Wks. (15 73 ) 362/2 Then taketh hee awaye our stony hart, and geueth vs a fleshly hart. 1590 Marlowe 2nd Pt. Tamburl. 11. ii, Can there be such .. treason in the fleshly heart of man. 1856 Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh iv. 1192 Enough for me and for my fleshly heart To hearken the invocations of my kind. + c. Of a leaf: = Fleshy 2 d. Obs. 1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden lxviii, The common Orpine riseth.. with fat and fleshly Leaves. FLESHLY. 318 FLETCHER. j-8. Of a hound : Fond of flesh. Obs. rare. 1576 Turberv. Venerte 25 You should not feede haryers with fleshe .. for if you do, they will become fleshly and gyuen to hunte great beastes of chace. III. 9 . Comb., as fleshly-minded adj., -minded¬ ness. 1528 Tindale Wicked Mammon Wks. I. 105 Were al¬ together worldly and fleshly-minded. 1621 Burton An at. Mel. 111. iv. 11. i. (1651) 685 They are in a reprobate sense mere carnalists, fleshly minded men. 1840 Hare Mission Comf iii. (1850) 77 In every man there is a root of carnal or fleshlymindedness. f B. adv. Ohs . 1 . In bodily form, corporeally; as regards the body, ‘in the flesh’; = Carnally adv. 1. c 1230 Hali Mcid. 19 pat 3et per he wune 5 fleschliche on eor 5 e. c 1250 Old Kentish Scrm. in O. E. Misc. 27 And offre we Gostliche to ure lorde, pet [h]i oflYede flesliche. c 1440 York Myst. xlvi. 77 To rise flesshly, i-wis. b. In a material or physical sense or manner; materially as opposed to spiritually. c 1200 Ormin 16257 Flseshlike folic, i flasshli} lif Flseshlike all unnderrstondenn pe Laferrd Cristess word, tatt wass Gastlike tunnderrstanndenn. c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. I* 259 Of pilk adam .. flesschly descendit be we alle. 1635 Pagitt Christianogr. 1. iii. (1636) 196 If any man taketh it fleshly; it profiteth nothing. 2 . Carnally, sensually. ^ a 1225 Alter. R. 58 pu past dest eni ping hwarof per mon is fleschliche ivonded of pe. c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. p 128 Children that whylom loueden so fleshly euerich other. 1612 T. Taylor Comm. Titus ii. 4 Nature can loue natu¬ rally, that is, fleshly, .but not holily. b. In the way of sexual intercourse, sexually; = Carnally adv. 2. ^1175 Lamb. Horn. 77 Na mon mine likame irineS ne mid me flesliche nefde to donne. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 2009 3 yf P ou euer py wyfe lay by Yn tyme of penaunce, to seye flesshely .. pou synnest gretly. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vi. cc. 224 He put her nat from his bedde, nor yet delte w fc her flesshely. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicho lay's Voy. iv. xxxiii. 155b, If. .he was found not able to live with her so fleshly, as his youth required. 3 . Comb., fleshly-wise adj. 1542 Becon Pathw. Prayer xviii. Ija, Seme it neuer so godly, vertuous and good in the syght of fleshly wyse men. Flesh-meat. Flesh (as opposed to fish and vegetables) as an article of food ; also pi. various kinds of food consisting of flesh. ' In some northern dialects applied to ‘ butchers* meat as opposed to bacon or pork ’. c 1020 Laws Cnut § 47 3 yt wyrse pset man mid flaesc-mete hine sylfne afyle [riht festen-tidej. <21154 O. E. Chron. an. 1131 pa scyrte 3 a flesc mete. c 1394 P. PI. Crede 13 Wednes-aay ich wyke wip-outen flech-mete. 1564 Child Marriages (E.E. T. S.) 200 They made an end of flesh meat that night for that weke. 1698 Keill Exam. Th. Earth (1734I 213 Who seldom tast any Flesh-meats. 1848 Secret Soc. Mid. Ages, Templars 254 They had flesh-meat but three times a week, unless when festival-days occurred. attrib. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. II. 419 His health requires a flesh-meat diet. Fleshment (fle’Jment). rare—' 1 , [f. Flesh v. + -MENT.] The action of ‘fleshing’; hence, the excitement resulting from a first success. 1605 Shaks. Lear 11. ii. 130 And in the fleshment of this dead exploit, [He] Drew on me here againe. t Fleshmonger. Obs. [see Monger.] One who deals in flesh. 1 . A butcher. c 1000 Gloss, in Wr.-Wiilcker 438 Lanio, flfesemangere. <11400 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 354 Euerych fleshemongere .. shal to pe kynge of custom fyue & twenty pans by pe ^ere. c 1515 Cocke LorclPs B. (Percy Soc.) 4 With slyngethryfte fleshemonger, Also fabyane flaterer. 1597 Breton Wits Trcnchmour Wks. (Grosart) II. 17/1 The Sonne of some Flesh-monger. 2 . A fornicator ; a pander. 1603 Shaks. Meets. for M. v. i. 337 Was the Duke a flesh-monger, a foole, and a coward, as you then reported him to be ? 1624 Heywood Captives 11. ii. in Bullen O. PI. IV, Inquire for us of wenshes 1 tush, wee fishe For no such perewinkles ; farewell fleshmongere. Fle sh-pot. A pot in which flesh is boiled. Chiefly in phrase the flesh-pots of Egypt (see Exod. xvi. 3), or with allusion to that phrase : Luxuries or advantages regarded with regret or envy. *535 Coverdale Exod. xvi. 3 Whan we sat by y° flesh pottes, and had bred ynough to eate. 1592 Nashe P. Penilesse Wks. (Grosart) II. 74 From the flesh-pots of Egipt, to the Prouant of the Lowe countreyes. 1632 Lithgow Trav. vii. 299 Now well met Egypt.. For we have appetite, for thy Flesh pots. 1710 Swift Let. to Sterne 17 Apr., I expect to hear the two ladies lamenting the fleshpots of Cavan-street. 1862 Carlyle Fredk. Ct. (1865) III. x. ii. 213 Law, with, .its high honours and deep flesh-pots. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. III. lxxxviii. 177 The fleshpots of the city administration had therefore greater attractions for him. attrib. 1876 Ruskin Fors Clav. VI. l.xiv. 112 Some flesh- pot comfort will always be needful for the education of such beasts as we are. Hence Flesh-pottery ( nonce-wd ..), high living, self-indulgence. 1876 G. Meredith Beauc/t. Career xxix, A band of dealers in flesh-pottery. + Flesh-sha'mbles. Obs. Also 5 flessh- chameles, -ylle, -shamels, 6 fleshamelles. A place where meat is killed or sold. a 1410 in York Myst. Introd. 24 note, All the folks of the salsemaker crafte .. without the Flesshchameles. 21483 Caxton Vocab. 5 Goo to the flesshshamels. 1546 Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 30 To the kinges majestie furth of one burgage in Fleshamelles xvj d. 1552 in Huloet. b. A brothel. 1608 Day Hum. out of Br. 11. C iv, Venice, .is counted the best flesh-shambles in Italie. + Fleshward, adv. Obs. [f. Flesh sb. + -ward.] Towards or in relation to humanity. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk ff Sclv. vi. 184 The earths globe, or that of it that lyes fleshward. Flesh-worm. A worm that feeds on flesh. Also (see quol. 1884.) c 1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 124 WiJ? flaesc wyrmum genim monnes suran [etc.]. 1577-87 Holinshed Chron. II. 19/2 Nits, fleshwormes, bees, butterflies. 1586 J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinshed II. 91/1, I shall be able like a fleshworme to itch the bodie of his kingdome. 1795 Southey Vis. Maid of Orleans 1. 136 Where thou seest the pamper’d flesh-worm trail, Once the white bosom heaved. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Flesh worm , the Trichina spiralis. b. trailsf. A carnally-minded person. 1565 Harding in Jewel Def. Apol. (1611) 317 Discoursing Parliament Machiauellists, and al other whatsoeuer flesh¬ wormes, Merchants, idle artificers. Fleshy (fleji), a. [f. Flesh sb. + -y 1 . Cf. Ger .fleischigi] 1 . Well furnished with flesh ; fat, plump. c 1369 Chaucer Dethe BlauncJte 954 Armes ever lith, Fattish, fleshy, nat great therewith. 14. . Lydg. & Burgh Secrees 2685 In knees .. he that is ovir mcche fflesshy. 1 5 S 5 Eden Decades 3 The other moste flesshy partes [of fattened children] they pouder for store. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 399 The yEthiopes. .are Plumpe, and Fleshy. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 3 Sheepe that growe fleshy with foure teeth, will growe fatte with eight. 1793 Ld. Auckland Corr. III. 69 Colonel Pack .. was shot through the fleshy part of the arm. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk., Country Ch.{i&6$) 126 A fine, fleshy, comfortable dame. 1837 Dickens Pickw. xxiii, His face .. had expanded .. and its bold fleshy curves had .. far extended beyond the limits originally assigned them. fig. 1636 B. Jonson Discov. (Rtldg.) 759/1 It is a fleshy stile when there is much periphrasis, and circuit of words; and when with more than enough it grows fat and cor¬ pulent. 2 . Of or pertaining to flesh; consisting of flesh ; without bone. C1400 Lanfrands Cirurg. 106 pe heed is maad of pre parties, of a fleischi partie, of a bony partie & a brawni partie. 1581 Mulcaster Positions xv. (1887) 69 Such fleshy partes as be about the ribbes. 1651 Hobbes LeviatJi. 11. xxix. 173 The fleshy parts being congealed. 1700 Dryden Pythag. Philos, in Fables 508 If Men with fleshy Morsels must be fed [ed. 1721 reads fleshly, and it is so cited by J.]. 179a Belknap Hist. New-Hampshire III. 215 Besides the fleshy parts of the cod, its liver is preserved in casks. 1807 26 Cooper First Lines Surg. 189 Every kind of fleshy tumour. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. I. 335 No species of reptile is possessed of true fleshy lips. b. Corporeal, bodily. 1624 Massinger Renegado hi. ii, When it [the soul] grows weary Of this fleshy prison, c 1630 Milton Passion 17 He, sovran priest. .Poor fleshy tabernacle entered. 1814 Byron Lara 1. xviii, He .. charged all faults upon the fleshy form She [Nature] gave to clog the soul. 1864 Hawthorne 6*. Felton (1883) 341 Fruits, milk, freshest butter, will make thy fleshy tabernacle youthful. c. Of 1 flesh ’, implying softness and tenderness. Cf. Flesh sb. 1 f. 1526 Tindale 2 Cor. iii. 3 The pistle of Christ, .written .. not in tables of stone, but in flesshy tables of the herte. 1585 Abp. Sandys Scrm. Cant. ii. 15 § 28 His wil is that stonie hearts be turned into fleshie. 1611 Bible Ecclus. xvii. 16 Neither could they make to themselues fleshie hearts for stonie. d. Of a plant, leaf, fruit, etc.: Having a firm, or somewhat firm pulp; pulpy, not fibrous. Cf. Flesh sb. 2. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach’s Husb. ii. (1586) nob, The whole bodie of the Figge is fleshie. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 633 Those Juyces, that are so fleshy, as they cannot make Drinke by Expression .. may make Drinke by Mixture of Water. 1672 Josselyn New Eng. Rarities 66 Vine, much differing in the Fruit, all of them very fleshy. 1712 tr. Pomet s Hist. Drugs I. 37 A round, fleshy Berry, like that of Myrtle. 1776 Withering Brit. Plants (1796) II. 428 Leaves opposite, egg-shaped, blunt, fleshy. 1807 J- E. Smith P/tys. Bot. 282 Drupa , a Stone-fruit, has a fleshy coat. 1854 Hooker Himal. Jrnls. I. i. 16 The natives distil a kind of arrack from its fleshy flowers. 1870 H. Macmillan Bible Teach, xi. 211 They have .. thick fleshy leaves. + 3 . Of the ‘ flesh ’ as opposed to the ‘ spirit ’; human as opposed to ‘ spiritual ’; = Fleshly 4. a 1400 Prymer (1891) 78 Whethir f>yn eyen be fieschchi, or thou seest as man schal se. 1535 Coverdale Job x. 4 Hast thou fleszshy eyes then, or doest thou loke as man lokeih? t b. Carnal, sensual; = Fleshly a. 1. Obs. 1604 T. Wright Passions v. § 4. 212 Fleshy concupiscence deserveth rather the name of Mercenarie Lust then Love. 1668 Culpepper & Cole Bart hoi. A nat. 1. xvii. 45 Such as are given to fleshy desires, have larger Kidneys then ordinary. 4 . Resembling flesh in its properties or quali¬ ties. *555 Eden Decades 233 They [Rubies] are .. of a fleshye colour. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trait. (1677) 26 The Man- natee is the other fish, .and from their using the shoar have a fleshie taste resembling Veal. 1762-71 H. Walpole Vert tie's A need. Paint. (1786) I. 215 His colouring was good, and his figures fleshy and round. 1804 Abernethy Surg. Obs. 19 They agree in the external characters, those of an increase of bulk, and a fleshy feel. t Flet Obs. Forms: i, 3-6, 8 flet, 3 south. vlet, 4-5 flett(e, (6 fleete, fleit, flelt), 7-8 flett. [OE .flit(t = OFris._/?«■, OS. flet, flel/i, OHG .flazi, flezi (MHG. vletze , Ger. dial, fletz), ON. flet str. neut.OTeut. *flatjo m , f. *flato- Flat a.] 1 . The floor or ground under one’s feet. Beowulf 1568 (Gr.) Heo on flet ^ecrong. a 1000 Canons Powerful Men ii. (Thorpe, 1840) 414 & ne cume on bedde ac liege on flette. a 1300 E. E. Psalter cxviii. [cxix] 25 Clived mi saule to fu flet. c 1340 Gaw. Gr. Kut. 568 A tule tapit ty}t ouer J? e Act. a 1420 Pallad. oti Husb. I. 473 Thi berne also he playne, and harde the flette. c 1450 Myrc 273 Knelynge doun upon the flette. b. ? A place, spot, field (of battle). c 1205 Lay. 26023 pat he com to pan ulette per pe feond lai and slaepte. c 1300 K. Alls. 2378 They broughte heom out of the flette. 2 . A dwelling, house, 1 hall \ Beowulf 1025 (Gr.) Beowulf £epah ful on flette. a xooo Laws Hlothh&re If- Eadric xi. [Thorpe 1840) 14 3 if man mannan an o 3 res flette man-swara hateS .. scilling agelde pain pe pact flet age. a 1300 Siriz 273 So ich evere brouke hous other flet. c 1325 Poem Times Edw. II 309 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 337 An hep of girles sittende aboute the flet. c 1460 Toumeley Myst. (Surtees) 26 ,1 shal not in thi det Flyt of this flett ! b. Sc. The inner part of a house. a 1400 Burgh Laws xxiii. (6c. St at. I.) pe inner halfe of pe hous pat is callyt pe flett. c 1450 Holland Howlat Ixiv. 830 The fulis fonde in the flet And mony mowis at mete On the flure maid. 1508 Dunbar Fly ting 242 Rank beggar, ostir dregar, foule fleggar, in the flet. 1598 Ferguson Sc. Prov. 4 A fair fire makes a room flet. 1768 Ross Helenore II. 588 That seven years have sitten i’ the flet. 3 . Fire andflet (corruptly fleet ): ‘ fire and house- room ’; an expression often occurring in wills, etc. Bp. Kennett (<11728) quotes in MS. Lansd. 1033 fol. 132 an ‘ old northern song over a dead corps containing the lines ‘ Fire and fleet and candle light, And X 1 receive thy sawle*. In Sir W. Scott’s Minstrelsy of Scot. Border (1802) 232 the words appear as ‘Fire and sleet', and the editor suggests that sleet 1 seems to he corrupted from self, or salt, a quantity of which is frequently placed on the breast of a corpse * 1 I 533 Trubb in Weaver Wells Wills (1890) 129 To fynd the said wife, .mete and drink, fyer and flelt. 1539 Will of R. Morleyn (Somerset Ho.) My wife to have..fyre & fleete in my haule & kechin. c 1570 Durham Depos. (Surtees) 207, I trobled .. this house with a bedd roome and fier and fleit. Piet 2 (flet). Sc. Also fleat. [app. repr. ON. fldtta plait, f. fldtta = Ger. flechten to plait.] A mat of plaited straw placed on a pack-horse’s back to prevent chafing or galling. 1794 W. Sutherland in Statist. Acc. Scotl. X. 23 Straw creels .. fixed over straw flets, on the horses backs, with a clubber and straw ropes. 1812 Capt. Henderson Agric. Surv. Sutherland v. § 5. 60 The horse being equipped with a fleat and clubbar on his back. Piet: see Fleet v. 1 and 2 . t Fletch, ? a. (or sb. attrib.). [cf. Flig, etc.] 1704 Lond. Gaz No. 4044/4 A .. Mare about 14 hands and half .. with .. a long fletch Tail .. and well in Case. Fletch (fletj), v. [Peril, a corruption (due to association with Fletcher) of Fledge v.\; though the latter has not been found earlier than 1796.] trails. To fit (an arrow) with a feather; to feather. lit. and fig. 1635-56 Cowley Davideis 11. 91 Thy Darts are .. Soft as the Feathers that they’re fletch’d withal. 1760 Warburton Doctr. Grace 11. x, He dips his curses in the gall of irony; and .. fletches them with a prophane classical Parody. 1845 J. Saunders Piet. Eng. Life , Chaucer 89 Arrows .. fletched with the feathers of the goose. 1876 Bancroft Hist. U. S. V. xliii. 25 They fletched their complaint by adding : ‘ America loved his brother ’. Fletch, var. of Flitch. Fletcher (fle’tJVi). Also 5 fleccher(e, flecher, flecchour ; Sc. fle(d)ger. [ad. OF. flccher , fle- chicr arrow-maker, f .fleche arrow: see Fleche.] 1 . One who makes or deals in arrows; occasion¬ ally, one who makes bows and arrows. Obs. exc. Hist, or arch. c 1400 Destr. Troy 1593 Ferrers, flecchours, fele men of Crafte. 1457 Sc. Acts Jas. II, c. 65 (1814) II. 48/2 A bowar and a fleger. 1465 Mann. # HouseJi. Exp , 179 The flecher that, .owyth hym ffor tymber, i.\j. vj d. 1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 9 § 1 The bowiers, fietchers, stringers and arrowe head makers of this your realme. 1616 Surfl. & Markh. Country Far me 667 Which timber is of great, .estimation amongst Fletchers, for it maketh the strongest and best arrow of any wood whatsoeuer. 1664 Evelyn Sylva (1776) 218 Our Fletchers commend it [the Quick-beam] for Bows next to Yew. 1733 P. Lindsay Interest Scot. 56 Any other Cor¬ poration decayed and worn out, such as the Bowers, Fletchers, and several others in London are, as to their Business. 1854 H. Miller Sch. <$• Schni. xxi. (1857) 460 As if some fletcher of the stone age had carried on his work on the spot. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade , Fletchers' Company , one of the minor livery companies of London. attrib. 15.. Kyng Sf Hermyt 477 in Hazl. E. P. P. I. 32 Jake, seth thou can of flecher crafte, Thou may me es with a schafte. f 2 . An archer, a bowman. Obs. 1529 More Dyaioge 1. Wks. 143/1 Though one eye wer ynough for a fletcher. Hence Fle’tchery, the wares or goods made or sold by a fletcher. 1594 2nd Rep. Dr. Eausfus in Thoms E. E. Prose Rom. (1858) III. 411 They brought store of fletchery to them. FLETHER. 319 FLEXED. Flether (fle’ifo.!), v. Sc. Also flaither. [Cf. ON. flaffra to flatter.] intr. To flatter, use ‘ blarney ’. Hence Fle'thering ppl. a. Also Flethers, flattering talk, blarney. 1786 Burns Dcd. to G. Hamilton 2 Expect 11a, Sir, in this narration, A fleechin, flethrin, dedication. 18.. Donald $ Flora 13 (Jam.) Lord. Come now, my good fellow, and— Wat. Aye, flaither awa 1 Since I’ll no do wi’ foul play, try me \vi‘ fair play. 1821 H. Duncan Vug. S. Country Weaver v. (ed. 2) 98 What 1 do you think to beguile me, wi' your (leeching and your Aethers to do the devils' wark. t Fletiferous, a. Obs.~°. ff. L. JUtifcr (f. fletus weeping:, f. flere to weep +fcrre to bear) + -ous.] ‘ Causing weeping’ (Bailey). 1656-81 Blount Glossogr., Fletiferous [1656 ed. has Fleet iferous], 1721-66 in Bailey. t Fletion. 01 >S. rare—', [as if ad. L. *Jletion- em, n. of action i. flere : see pree.] Weeping. 17x6 M. Davies A then. Brit. n. 254 The different degrees of Penitential Fletion, Audition, Substration and Consist¬ ence. Fleubothomye, obs. form of Phlebotomy. Fleuk, obs. form of Fluke. Fleum(e, obs. form of Fleam, Phlegm. II Fleur (flor). [¥.fleur: see Flower.] 1 . An ornamental flower. 1841 Hawkins Silver Coins { 1876) 178 Annulet enclosing pellet in place of the fleurs in the angles. 2 . A kind of woollen stuff (see quot.). 1883 Cassells Fam. Mag. Oct. 697/1 Fleur is..a serge ground on which are large patterns in a sort of weaving like a Brussels carpet, and of a numerous mixture of colours all deftly blending, so that no one tone prevails. Hence Fleured ppl. a. [+ -ed -], adorned or marked with a fleur or fleurs. 1841 Hawkins Silzrer Coins (1876) 246 The arch on the king’s breast is not fleured, but terminates in a crescent. Fleur-de-lis (flor d? If, lis), flower-de- luce (flauau dz“ lzz s). Forms : a. 4-6 flour(e- de-lys(e, -lice, -lyee, ( pi. -lycis), 7 -lis, 5-7 -luce, pi. -luces, 6 floredelise, Sc. 5 flour(e-the- lis,-lys. 3 . 6-9 flower-, (6 flowre-) de-luce, (//. -luces), 6-7 -lice, (pi. -lices), 6 -lyce, 8 -lys, 7-9 -lis. 7. 8-9 fleur-de-lys, 9 -lis, pi. 7 fleur- de-lysses, -lyzes, 9 fleurs-de-lis, -lys, -luce. [The prevailing form is a. mod.F .fleur de lis (flbr do lz"), formerly lys ; but this form is scarcely found in Eng. before the 19th c.; see above. The form flower-de-luce survives as a poetical archaism and in U.S. The Fr. is literally 1 lily-flower’ from lis, formerly lys, in OF. Hz for lils lily, the s of the nom. sing, being retained in the oblique cases; the English spelling de-lice, de-lyce, was in its origin merely graphic (cf. price, mice , syce, etc.), but in the 16th c. was associated with a fanciful etymo- logy flos deliciee, and the form dehice, de luce ap¬ parently also leaned upon a fanciful derivation. Occasional English forms were deluce,delyceflowre .] 1 . The flower of a plant of the genus Iris (esp. I. pseudacorus); the plant itself. Cf. Flag si . 1 1. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. A. 752 py colour passez t’e flour-de- lys. a 1400 Hymn Virg. vi. in Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry x. (1840) II. no Heil fairer then the flour de lys. c 1475 Rauf Coify'ar 670 Flowris with Flourdelycis formest in feir. 1500-20 Dunbar Thistle 4- Rose 138 Lat no netill vyle.. Hir fallow to the gudly flour delyce. 1590 Spenser F. Q. ii. vi. 16 The lilly, lady of the flowring field, The flowre-deluce, her lovely paramoure. 1699 Bentley Phal. Pref. 104 The Muses are invited to come under the shadow of Flower-de- luces. 1731-37 Miller Card. Diet. (ed. 3) s. v. Iris, Iris purpurea ..Common purple Fleur-de-Lys. 1837 Campbell Lines in La Perouse’s Voy. Poet. Wks. 298 When, rapt in fancy.. I. .plucked the fleur-de-lys by Jesso’s streams. 1866 Longf. Flower-de-luce viii, O flower-de-luce, bloom on, and let the river linger to kiss thy feet ! b. fig. 1500-20 Dunbar Ballat Our Lady 42 Haile, fair fresche flour-de-lyce ! 2 . The heraldic lily; a device supposed by some to have originally represented an iris, by others the top of a sceptre, of a battle-axe or other weapon. It is best known from having been borne upon the royal arms of France under the old monarchy. c 1400 Melayne 94 Wende thy waye .. To Charles that beris the flour delyce. 1488 in La . Treas. Acc. Scotl. I. 81 Item ane vche of gold like a flourethelis of diamantis. 1529 Rastell Fastyme (1811) 75, .iii. floure delyse in a feld asure was sent to Kyng Clouys from hevyn for his armys. 1622 Malynes Anc. Law-Merch. 189 The French Kings Tent with the three Flowerdeluces. 1709 Addison Tatler No. 161 P9 A bloody Flag, embroidered with Flower-de Luces. 1843 Lytton Last Bar. 11. ii, A lofty head-gear, embroidered with fleur-de-lis. 1851 Layard Fop. Acc. Discov. Nineveh vii. 163 The first god wears the square horned cap, surmounted by a point, or fleur-de-lys. b. The royal arms of France; hence also the brench royal family, the French flag (before 1789), the b rench nation or government. 1352 Minot Poems iv. 25 Than the riche floure de lice Wan thare ful litill prise, Fast he fled for ferde. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vii. 519 He, beyng of y e naturall house of Fraunce, & one of y® flouredelyce. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. 1 . ccclxiv. 593 A great parte of the floure delyse and of the chiualry of Fraunce is within the towne. 1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 4 By the wych qwene the flower de lyce came in to the armes of Yenglond, & the tyttyll of France. 1581 Sidney Astr. <$• Stella Ixxv, He [Edw. IV] made the Floure-de-luce so" fraid. a 1628 F. Greville Sidney (1652) 65 To fly for protection to the Flowcr-de-Luce with whom they [the Netherlanders] join in continent. 1800 Weems Washington xi. (1810) 165 Blasting on every sea their sickly Jleurs-de-luce of gallic piracy. 1865 Parkman Huguenots ii. (1875) 23 They .. saw the fleur-de-lis floating above the walls of Fort Coligny. 3 . The representation or figure of a heraldic fleur- de-lis on any article, e. g. that used to mark the north on a compass. Also, (Fr. Hist.) a brand- mark on a criminal. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 4 To vapour, sprede out, according to the flour delice, and avaunce hem forthe. 1594 Blundeytl Exerc. vii. xxiv. (ed. 7) 681 Of which lines, that which is marked with the Flower-deluce signifieth the North. 1676 B. W[illis] Alan. Goldsin. 100 Other sorts of weights .. Marked .. with .. the Dagger .. a Flower-de-luce, and .. a Vessel or Ewer. 1739 Brighton in Phil. Trans. XLI. 754 Each Chart has a l’ lower de Lys on its North Edge. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 124 The slanders of those who bring 11s their anecdotes with the attestation of the flower-de-luce on their shoulder. 1825 J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 491 As the ring turns round, the seconds upon it are shown by* the top point of a fleur-de-lis C, engraved on the face of the dial-plate, c 1850 Rudim. NavigA Weale) sin the compass, the northern extremity of the needle beneath is represented on the card, .by the fleur-de-lis. Hence Fleur-de-lis v. (after F. fleurdeliser ), to brand (a criminal) with the fleur-de-lis. Fleur- de-lised ppl. a adorned with fleurs-de-lis. 1650 Howell Cot grave's Fr. Diet. Ep. Ded., It was as much as if he had been flourdeliz’d, viz. burnt in the back or hand, or branded in his face. 1686 J. Sergeant Hist. Mon. Convent. 104 A Cross Flower-de-lys’d. 1843 Fraser's Mag. XXVII. 418 The Count of Champagne .. carried the fleur-de-lised banner. Fleuret 1 (flu»-ret), || fleurette (fiore-t). [ad. H. fleurette, dim. of fleur flower.] a. An ornament like a small flower, b. See quot. 1S68. 1811 Pinkerton Petral. I. 428 The little fleurets, and other miniatures^ which we admire in the tombs and build¬ ings of that period. 1858 Sat. Rev. V. 425/2 The cyma- tion, or wave-moulding, represented the sea;, .the fleurette, the verdant plain. 1868 A. B. Ai.cott Tablets 22 The fruit . .so arranged that the fleurets, or blossom ends, may look downwards. 1881 Terrien de la Couperie in Numisin. Chron. Ser. in. I. 345 Bearing on the obverse eight fleurets. Fleuret Fencing. ? Obs. Also 7 fluret(t, floret, fa. F. fletiret, f. fleur flower = It. fiorelto> dim. of fiore flower ; so called because the button at the point was compared to a flower-bud.] A fencing-foil. *11648 Ld. Herbert Life (1886) 71 The good fencing- masters. ..when they present a foil or fleuret to their scholars, tell him it hath two parts. 1674 Gov. Tongue vii. § 9. 141 In such fencings jest hath proved earnest, and florets have turn’d to swords. 1691 Sir W. Hope Compl. Fencing- master (1697) 13 They see at every other Thrust their Flurett beat out of their Hand. 1885 E. Castle Schools of Fence xv. 246 The flexible fleuret could only be used when the play was restricted to the point. t Fleu’ret 8 . Obs. [a. F. fleuret ‘ nom d’un ancien pas qui se composait d’un demicoupe et de deux pas marches sur la pointe du pied ’ (Littre) = It . fioretto'. cf. prec.] A step formerly used in dancing. 1677 Sedley Ant. fy Cl. Prol., A brisk gallant.. Does here and there in nimble fleurets pass. Fleurettee (flo-ret*). Her. Also 6-9 flurt(e, 9 florettee, -etty. [a. F. fleurette , -tie, f. fleur- ette : cf. Fleuret 1 .] =Fleury. 1562 Leigh Armorie (1597) 34 He heareth Azure, a crosse flurte Or. 1610 Guillim Heraldry vi. iv. 263 He beareth Gules, a Crosse flurte Or. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey', Fleurettee (Fr. in Heraldry), flowered or set off with Flowers. 1830 E. Hayvkins Anglo-Fr. Coinage 121 A Greek cross, patee at the extremities, flurt. 1864 Boutell Heraldry Hist. $ Pop. xv. 191 They substitute an orle of silver crescents for the field fleurettee [1863 (ed. 1) florettee]. Fleurish, var. of Fleerish. II Fleuron (floron). Also 4 floroun. [a. F. fleuron , OF .floron, f. fleur flower.] 1 . A flower-shaped ornament, used esp. in archi¬ tecture or printing, on coins, etc. c 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. Prol. 220 So were the florouns of her coroun whyte. c 1660 Bp. Cosin in C. Walker Ritual Reason Why\inote, In some MS. ‘directions to the printer* .. he [Bp. Cosin] inserted after the Absolution ‘ Here set a fleuron’. 1830 E. Hawkins Anglo-Fr. Coinage 73 Crown of eight lilies and four fleurons. 1833 Ellis Elgin Marb. II. 169 The front is enriched with a fleuron. 1882 Yule in Encycl. Brit. XIV. 498 These latter [coins] bore (obverse) a Nepalese emblem surrounded by eight fleurons containing the eight sacred Buddhist jewels. 2 . (See quot.) 1724-1800 Bailey, Fleurons [in Cookery], fine Tarts or Puffs of Pastry Work for Garnishing. 1823 in Crabb. + 3 . = Floret. Obs.rare~ l . I’jz’j Bradley Fam. Diet. s. v. Butter-Burr, The Flower .. forms a Tuft with several Fleurons cut or divided into long Strings. II Fleuronee, ci. Her. [a. F. fleuronni e, f. flettron-. see Fleuron.] Ornamented with fleurons: = BotonIs. 1614 Selden Titles Hon. 195 A Crown Fleuronee [printed Fleurnoee], only differing from what is now a Royall one, in that it was not arch’t or close. Fleury (fliioTi), flory (flo°*ri), a. Her . Also 5 dure, dourre, 5-6 durri(e, 6 dorie, 7 doury, 8 dore, dorey, (dowery), 9 deurie, dury, durry. [ad. Y.fleurtf, -ce } OY. florf flourd, f. fleur .] Deco¬ rated with fleurs-de-lis; esp. of a cross : Having its arms tipped with fleurs-de-lis. (Cf. also Coun- TERFLEURY, -FLORY.) c 1420 Anturs of Arth. xxxi, A tablet flourre [Douce MS. flu re 1 . 1483 Cath. Angl. 136 F\ory,forulent us. i486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. C vij b, Hit is calde a cros flurri. 1572 Bossewell Armorie 11. 33 These Barrulettes are often founde Florie. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. iv. Notes 69 Bearing .. a Scepter fleury in his right. 1706 Hearne Collect. 9 May, On y° other a Cross Flore. 1761 Brit. Mag. II. 251 A bordure, or, charged within a double tressure fleury. 1823 Rutter Fonthill p. xxi, The Royal double tressure of Scotland, flory and counter flory of the first [gules]. 1864 Boutell Heraldry Hist. <5- Pop. xv. § 1 (ed. 3) 182 The crosslets are drawn fleurie. Flew (fl«). [Of unknown origin.] Usually//. The large chaps of a deep-mouthed hound (e.g. the bloodhound). 1575 Turberv. Faulconrle 369 They .. open his flew and jawes with a mannes hande. 1611 Markham Countr. Content. 1. i. (1668) 5 The flews of his [i. e. a hound’s] upper lips almost two inches lower than his neither chaps. 1766-82 in Bailey. 1818 Hogg Hunt of Eildon v. in Brownie ofBods- beck II. 322 Their crukit tungis were dry for blood, An’ the red lowe firled at their flews. 1883 Stables Friend Dog vii. 60 Flews, the hanging lips, as in the Blood-hound. Flew, var. of Flue. Flew, pa. t. of Fly v. and (obs.) of Flay v. Fleware, -ere, -oure, obs. Sc. ff. Flavour. Flewed (fl/ 7 d), ppl. a. [f. Flew si. + -ed 2 .] Having flews (of a particular quality). 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. iv. i. 125 My hounds are bred out of the Spartan kinde, So flew’d, so sanded. 1592 Lyly Midas iv. iii, A hound, .fleet, faire flewde, and well hangd. trie •wen. Obs. [a. Du .fluwijn, prob. a cor¬ ruption of Y.fouine.] A polecat. 1494 Halybukton Ledger (1867) 50 Item 100 rygis of flewenys, price 8£ gs. Flewen, obs. pa. pple. of Flay. Flewet (A fre t). Obs. exc. Sc. and dial. Also flewit, fluet. [Of unknown origin.] A smart blow or stroke, a buffet. i 5(>3-83 Foxe A. <5- M. II. 1474 With his hand he .. gaue Syr Thomas, .a good flewet upon the vpperpart of the neck. 1719 Hamilton Ep. to Ramsay 24 Julyxiv, For an they winna had their blether, They’s get a flewet. 1786 Burns What ails ye now x, I’d rather suffer for my faut A hearty flewit. 1878 Cumbrld. Gloss, s.v., ‘ Hit him a fluet ower t’ lug.’ Flewk(e, obs. form of Fluke. Flewm, Flewm-: see Phlegm, Phlegm-. t Flew sey, a. Obs. Also flusey. [f. flew. Flue fluff.] Fluffy. 1711 Petiver in Phil. Trans. XXVII. 382 Its flewsey Heads grow in round clusters, with elegant feathered Seed. 1713 Ibid. XXVIII. 62 Its blush Flowers stand in a round flusey Head, like our Haresfoot. Flex (fleks), v. [f. b.flex- ppl. stem of fled ere to bench] trans. To bend. Now only in scientific use, esp. with reference to the bending of a joint or limb by the action of the flexor muscles (op¬ posed to Extend), and Geol. with reference to strata. *11521 Helyas in Thoms Prose Rom. (1828) III. 13 With his knees flexed he prostened him. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus 11. 943 Richt fair scho hes me flext. 1572 Bossewell Armorie iii. 20 b, This worme is here figured with the tayle flexed vnder his chinne. 1834 M’Murtrie Cuvier s Anim. Kingd. 357 The tarsi .. can only be flexed on the tibiae. 1845 Todd & Bowman Anal. I. 169 A single muscle.. flexes the thigh. 1879 Dana Man. Geol. (ed. 3) 155 The whole series has been upturned and flexed, broken and displaced. Flex(e, obs. form of Flax. t Flexa’nimous, a. Obs. [f. L. flexanim-us (f. flex - ppl. stem of flcciere to bend +anim-um mind) + -ous.] 1 . Having power to bend or influence the mind ; moving, affecting. *: 1621 S. Ward Life Faith (1627) 66 It stands not without doores as a Mendicant Flexanimous perswader. 1633 T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter ii. 5 He is that flexanimous Preacher whose pulpit is in heaven. 1672 Life Jas. Amiinius <$• Sijnon Episcopius 1. 8 There was in Beza beyond other mortals a flexanimous and perswasive eloquence. 2 . (See quot.) 1656-81 Blount Glossogr., Flexanwious.. that is of a minde easily bent or turned. 1721 in Bailey. Hence Plexa nimousness. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Flexanimousness , flexibleness of Mind or Disposition. Flexed (flekst), ppl. a. [f. Flex v. + -ed b] Bent. Now only Her. and in scientific use. Flexed and reflexed (Her.), having the two extremities curved in opposite directions, like the letter S. 1572 [see Flex v.]. 1610 Guillim Heraldry in. xiii. (1611) 125 The proboscide Trunke. .of an Elephant in paleCouped Flexed and reflexed after the forme of a reman S. 1632 Lithgovv Trav. vii. 334 Upon my flexed knees. 1828-40 Berry Encycl. Herald I, Flexed , bent or bowed, somewhat circular. 1863 Boutell Heraldry Hist. 4- Pop. xi. § 1. 59 Three Legs, armed, proper, .flexed in a triangle. 1880 Hux¬ ley Crayfish iii. 99 When the abdomen is completely flexed. Flexen, obs. form of Flaxen. FLEXIBILITY. 320 FLEXUOSE. Flexibility (fleksibrliti). [a. F. flexibility ad. L. flexibilitdt-em, f. flexibilis: see Flexible and -it v.] The quality of being flexible. 1 . Capability of being bent; pliancy. 16x6 Bullokar, Flexibilities aptnes to bend. 1656 Ridgley Pract. Physick 359 Smaller Tents must not be put in, because of their flexibility. 1796 Brougham in Phil. Trans. LXXXVI. 234 The parts of light differ in flexibility. 1859-60 J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. (1873) II. 11. ii. 234 That.strength and flexibility of limb, .by which a man excels in manly games. f b. The quality of yielding to pressure. Obs. 1677 Horneck Gt. Law Consid. vi. (1704) 339 When this air yields to all gross bodies, and lets them pass without opposition .. In that flexibility, thou mayest see the sinful¬ ness of thy inexorable temper. 2 . Susceptibility of modification or alteration ; capacity for ready adaptation to various purposes or conditions ; freedom from stiffness or rigidity. 1783 Blair Led. Rhet. I. ix. 175 The flexibility of a Language, or its power of accommodation to different styles and manners. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. II. 54 It has not that softness and flexibility, which are found in other languages. 1838 Thirlwall Greece II. xi. 46 The flexi¬ bility necessary for a continual adaptation to altered cir¬ cumstances. 1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. ii. (1875) 57 Flexi¬ bility of intelligence. 1871 Markby Elem. Law § 59 Its [judiciary law’s] only advantage—that offlexibility or capacity of being adapted to any new combination of circumstances that may arise. 1875 Hamerton Intell. Life x. v. 392 Men of exceptional power and exceptional flexibility. b. Of the voice or fingers : Capacity for free, rapid, and varied execution or delivery. Also pi. 1795 Mason Ch. Mits. ii. 134 It required no flexibility of throat. 1807 tr. Goode's Trav. II. 218 Mrs. Siddons pos¬ sesses all the flexibilities of tone. 1848 Rimbault First Bk. Piano 43 When the fingers of the right hand have acquired some degree of flexibility. 1848 C. Bronte J. Eyre xi. 102 A flexibility of voice and an appropriateness of gesture. 3 . Readiness to yield to influence or persuasion, pliancy of mind or disposition. Const, to. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. vn. (1843') 426/1 The flexibility and instability of that gentleman's nature, not being then understood. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 162 r 6 Flexibility to his present humour. 1772 Priestley Inst. Relig. (1782) I. 151 The flexibility, as we may call it, of a child. Flexible (fle’ksib’l), a. Also 6 flexable, -ibil(l. [a. F. flexible , f. L. flexibil-is, f. flex - ppl. stem of flectere to bend.] 1 . Capable of being bent, admitting of change in figure without breaking; yielding to pressure, pliable, pliant. 1548 Hall Chron., Edw. IV , 212 Like a rede with every wind is agitable and flexible. 1562 Bulleyn Bk. Sicke Men 81 a, Feele also the pacient .. whither the partes be pained, or flexable, or haue loste their strength and are stifle. 1606 Shaks. Tr. t$- Cr. 1. iii. 50 When the splitting winde Makes flexible the knees of knotted Oakes. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 796 And you shall finde .. the Stalke harder and less Flexible, than it was. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 42 It hath a Cartilaginous flexible Tube or Channel. 1731 Ar- buthnot Aliments ii. (1735)40 An Animal, in order to be moveable, must be flexible. 1802 Bingley Anivi. Biog. (1813) II. 373 These parts, with the tail, are covered by a strong flexible skin. 1823 W. Phillips Introd. Min. Introd. 9 A flexible granular quartz is found in Brazil. 1874 Bou- tell Arms «$• Arm. ii. 17 The long, flexible and pointless weapons that are described by the Roman historians. f 2 . Of a fluid: Not rigid, yielding. Of winds : Variable in direction, shifting. Obs. 1612 Speed Theat. Gt. Brit. iv. v. 145 The quicke and flexible windes cooling the heat of Summer. 1612 Brere- wood Lang. <$• Relig. 115 Water being, .heavy and flexible, will slide away at any inequalitie. 1692 Locke Educ. § 1 A gentle application of the hand turns the flexible Waters into Channels. 3 . fa. That can be ‘ bent’, inclined, or rendered favourable to (obs.) b. Willing or disposed to yield to influence or persuasion ; capable of being guided, easily led, impressionable, manageable, tractable. a 1420 Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 3358 To mercy were her hertes ay flexible. 1533 Frith Ans7u. Fisher (1829) 189 Our judge, therefore, must not be partial, flexible, nor ignorant. 1548 Hall Chron ., Edw. IV, 199 b, If he sawe hym flexible to his purpose. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI , 1. iv. 141. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vi. v. (1632) 38 They saw both heauen and earth flexible to their deliuerance. 1642 Newcomen Serm. be/. Ho. Com. 5 Nov. (1643)6 The tender and flexible age of her son. 1667 Decay Chr. Piety xvi. P 2 The vulgar, who are commonly flexible to any new impression. 1727 Philip Quarll 139 Quarll .. was soon made flexible by her Tears. 1769 Junius Lett. xxxv. 160 Can you conceive that the people .. will long submit to be governed by so flexible a house of Commons ? 1863 E. V. N eale A nal. Th. Nat. 99 A directing reason, easy to be entreated, and flexible. absol. 1772 Johnson A rgt. Hastie in Boswell App. 11. (1848) 814/1 The flexible will be reformed by gentle discipline. 4 . Susceptible of modification or adaptation to various purposes or uses; pliant, supple. 1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. Pref., There are many things [in the book] to be taken in a soft and flexible sense. 1769 Robertson Chas. V, III. 238 His flexible genius was capable of accommodating itself to every situation. 1837-9 Hallam Hist. Lit. I. iii. 1. § 116. 227 In his Latin style, .he is less flexible and elegant. 1841 Myers Cath. Th. iii. § 10. 38 To proclaim a more flexible rule of judgement. 1882 A. W. Ward Dickens iii. 55 Never was his inventive force more flexible and more at his command. 1886 Lowell Democr. 226 A language at once so precise and so flexible as the Greek. b. Of the voice: (see quot. 1825). 1712 Hughes Sped. No. 541 p 7 Sorrow and complaint demand a voice quite different, flexible, slow, interrupted. 1825 Danneley Encycl. Mus ., Flexible , a voice is said to be flexible when it can swell and diminish its tones, with such grace and power, as to give every shade of expression to the melody it executes. 1831 Lytton Godolph. 30 His voice was so deep and flexible. c. Iii depreciatory sense : Supple, complaisant. 1826 Syd. Smith IVks. (1867) IF 118 Rut some have been selected for flexible politics. 5 . quasi -adv. — Flexibly. 1833 Regul. Instr. CavalTy 1. 115 The sword should be held flexible. Flexibleness (fle-ksib’lnes). [f. prec. + -ness.] = Flexibility in various senses. 1612-15 Bp. Hall Contempt ., O. T. xix. iii, If this son of Chenaanah had not had. .a heart of lead for flexiblenesse to humours and times. 1669 Woodhead St. Teresa 11. App. 1 They .. perceive in the Superior such a flexibleness, as to pass by their faults. 1692 Locke Educ. § 199. 255 The flexibleness of the former part of a Man's Age. Flexibly (fle'ksibli), adv. [f. as prec. + -ly 2 .] In a flexible manner, with flexibility. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 149 They stand not stifle, but bend flexibly. Ibid., Serpents (1658) 705 Their bodies are leaner, flexibly turning to every side, according to the necessity of motion. 1861 Geo. Eliot Silas M. 17 Two thick leather bags, which .. lent themselves flexibly to every corner. 1871 R. Ellis Catullus lxiv. 183 O’er wide water his oars move flexibly fleeting. Flexicostate (fleksik^'ste't). [f. flexi- com¬ bining form of L. flex-us, pa. pple. of flectere to bend + Costate.] ‘Having bent ribs’ (1846 Smartk Hence in later Diets. Flexile (fle’ksil), a. Now somewhat rare. Also 7 flexil. [ad. L. flexil-em t f. flex - ppl. stem of fled ere to bend : see -ile.] 1 . Easily bending or bent, pliant, supple, flexible. Of the features : Mobile. 1633 T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter ii. 20 The serpent .. winds about it with his flexile and folding body, a 1734 North Lives II. 202 From the box proceeds a flexile pipe with the tool at the end. 1774 Westm. Mag. II. 374 Hers is the humble eye, the flexile knee. 1814 Wordsw. Excursion wu. 443 Whose flexile boughs .. conceal’d the stems and roots. 1834 Lytton Pompeii 21 A Sicilian who with vehement gestures and flexile features was narrating, .a strange tale. 2 . transf. and flg. a. Easily directed or swayed; yielding, tractable, b. Capable of varied adapta¬ tion, versatile. 1651 Biggs New Disf. F291. 214 Their too flexile natures. 1738-46 Thomson Summer 980 At sea, whose every flexile wave Obeys the blast. 1744 Armstrong Presen:’. Health ii. 383 Whose flexile genius sparkles in the gem, Grows firm in oak, and fugitive in wine. 1836 I/ytton Athens I. iii The Ionians .. were susceptible, flexile [etc.]. 1842 Tennyson A mphion viii. 59 Oh, nature first was fresh to men.. So youth¬ ful and so flexile then, You moved her at your pleasure. Hence PlexiTity [ + -ity], the quality or con¬ dition of being flexile. 1659 Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) 565/2 There are others which depend upon these; as Flexility, Tactility, Ductility, and others. 1815 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. XL. 409 The flexility of the Samaritans. + Flexi loquent, a. Obs. rare. [f. L. flexi- loqnus (f .flexns, pa. pple. of flectere to bend + loquT to speak): see -loquent.] Speaking words of doubtful or double meaning. 1656-81 in Blount Glossogr. 1692-1732 in Coles, Flexinish, obs. form of Flaxenish. Flexion, flection (fle’kjbn). [ad. Y,. flexion- em, n. of action i.fledere (ppl. stem flex-) to bend. Cf. Yx. flexion, Sp. flexion , It .flessione. The ety¬ mological spelling flexion is the original in Eng.; flection (first in iSth c.) is due to the influence of such words as affection, direction , etc.] 1 . The action of bending, curvature; bent condi¬ tion ; an instance of this. 1656 Hobbes Six Less. Wks. 1845 VII. 260 It is the quantity of that crookedness or flexion, by which a straight line is bent into an arch of a circle equal to it. 1659 Pearson Creed vi. 562 Thus to sit doth not signifie any peculiar inclination or flexion. 1796 Brougham in Phil. Trans. LXXXVI. 227 Flexion , or the bending of the rays [of light] in their passage by bodies. 1807 Robinson Archseol. Grceca iii. xx. 323 Eluding the stroke of the adversary by a flexion of the body. 1882 Vines Sachs' Bot. 692 The flexions of the stem and leaf-stalk produced by the wind. attrib. 1869 Bigelow (title) On the Mechanism of Dis¬ location and Fracture of the Hip. With the Reduction of the Dislocation by the Flexion Method. b. esp. The bending of a limb or joint by the action of the flexor muscles. Cf. Extension 2. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 989 By this articulation both flexion and extention is made. 1644 Bulwer Chiron. 121 Delicate flexions, .of the Fingers. 1799 Med. Jrnl. II. 166 It did not produce a perceptible flexion of the tibia. 1835-6 Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 256/1 When two segments of a limb .. can be brought to form an angle with each other, the motion is that of flexion. 1881 Mivart Cat 117 This liga¬ ment aids powerfully in preventing the flexion of the knee forwards. c. A kneeling (in prayer), genuflexion, rare. 1862 Lond. Rev. 30 Aug., Next followed two prayer flections at the Tomb of Abraham. + d. A turning of the eye in any direction. Obs. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 719 Pity causeth sometimes, .a Flexion or Cast of the Eye aside. 12 . Alteration, change, modification. Obs. 1603 Holland Plutarch's Mor , 1251 In every one of them Sacadas made a certeine flexion .. called Strophe. 1644 Bulwer Chiron. 123 Oratours. .(whohunted also after delicate flexions of words). 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. iii. v. § 35 The Flexion of his condition (I mean, the altering of his occasions). b. A modification of the sound or tone of the voice in singing or speaking ; inflexion. 1758 Johnson MtrNo. 25 P5 Variation of gesture, and flexion of voice, are to be obtained only by experience. 1846 Grote Greece 1. xxi. (1862) I. 530 Flexions and intona¬ tions of the voice. 3 . concr. The bent part of anything; a bend, curve. Also, a joint. 1607 Topsell Four-/. Beasts 204 Being vnable to rise againe because of the short Nerues and no flexions in his Legs. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 222 Of a Sinuous Pipe, that may haue some foure Flexions, Triall would be made. 1726 Leoni Albertis A?‘chit. III. 20/1 There are like flexions in the boughs of trees. 1803 Med. Jrnl. X. 61 He put a blister .. below the flexion on the anterior part of the thigh. 1867 Howells Ital. Journ. 56 A cavernous arcade which curves round the water with the flection of the shore. 4 . Gram. Modification of the form of a word ; esp. the change of ending in conjugation, declension, etc.; inflexion. Also, the modified form or ending of a word. 1605 Camden Rem. (1657) 39 Neither are we loaden with those declensions, flexions, and variations which are in¬ cident to many other tongues. 1669 Gale Crt. Gentiles 1. 1. xi. 61 Those very words, .differ somewhat in the sound of the vowels and flexion. 1720 De Foe Duncan Campbell (1841) 37 The flexion or conjugation of the verb. 1773 Ld. Monboddo Lang. I. iii. xiv. 672 Proper terminations and flections. 1817 Coleridge Biog. Lit. 175 The common grammatic flexions of some tribe or province. 1875 Whit¬ ney Life Lang. xii. 241 An agglutinative dialect, .with no determinate flexion. 5 . Math. — Flexure 6. 1704 Hayes Treat. Fluxions vi. 153 The Use of Fluxions in Investigating the Points of contrary Flexion and Re¬ trogression of Curves. 1857 Nichol Cycl. Phys. Sc. s. y., The mathematical theory of Flexion starts from the basis or datum of this Line of No-disturbance. Flexional, flectional (fle-kjanal), a. [f. prec. + -al.] Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of flexion, esp. in Grammar: see Flexion 4. Also, of a language : Possessed of, or based upon flexions. Cf. Inflexional. 1833 J. C. Hare in Philolog. Museum II. 256 The meaning of a flexional termination. 1862 Marsh Eng. Lang. 347 An important advantage of a positional. .over a flectional syntax, is that [etc.] 1869 Farrar Earn. Speech iv. 119 note, A flexional language, .makes use of elements, .purely conventional and mechanical. 1874 Sayce Compar. Philol. iv. 156 The clear flectional growth of the verb. Flexionless, flectionless (fle-kjbnles), a. [f. as prec. + -less.] Devoid of flexion or flexions: only in grammatical sense. i860 Farrar Orig. Lang. viii. 182 A language petrified in its first stage of flexionless and ungrammatical monosyllables. 1874 R. Morris Hist. Eng. Gram. ii. § ii. lr 22 Dialects almost as flexionless as modern English. + Fle-xity. Obs. rare. [f. Flex v. + -ity.] The quality or condition of being bent from the straight line (said of rays of light). 1797 Brougham in Phil. Trans. LXXXVII. 360 We may, therefore, say that the rays of light differ in degree of refrangity, reflexity, and flexity, comprehending inflexity and deflexity. + Fie •xive, a. Obs. [f. L. flex- ppl. stem of flectere to bend + -Ive.] Tending to bend, flexible. 1629 Davenant Albcri’ine ill. Dram. Wks. 1872 I. 55 Be flexive in your smiles. 1647 R. Stapylton Juvenal xiv. 303 To cast his flexive body through a hoope. 1791 W. Bartram Trav. 329 These heavy spikes of flowers .. bend the slender flexive stems to the ground. Hence Flexively adv. 1651 Fuller's Abel Rediv ., Myconius 141 His heart was alwayes flexively inclind To what was good. Flexon, obs. f. Flaxen. Flexor (fle ksoi). Cf. Flector. [a. mod.L. flexor , agent-n. f. flectere (ppl. stem flex-) to bend.] 1 . A muscle whose function it is to produce flexion in any part of the body. Opposed to exte?isor. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 743 The two Flexors and the two extensors. 1726 Monro Anat. 331 The Flexors of the great Toe. 1880 Huxley Crayfish iii. 99 The flexors of the abdomen. 2. attrib . in flexor muscle , surface , tendon. 1726 Monro Anat. 328 This Bone is concave, for lodging the Flexor-muscles, a 1735 Arbuthnot Mem. Scrib. x. Wks. (1892) 345 Flatterers who have the flexor muscles so strong that they are always bowing and cringing. 1847 Youatt Horse i. 14 Through the whole course of the flexor tendon. 1881 Mivart in Nature No. 615.337 A spine which projects vertically from the inner, or flexor surface of each finger or toe. t Fle'xjieng. Obs. ? A gudgeon. c 1475 Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 763 Fundulus , a flexpeng. Flexsis, obs. form of Flesh. Flexuose (fleksi«,ou-s), a. Chiefly Bot. [ad. L. flexuds-us, f. flexu-s sb. a bending (w-stem), f. flectere to bend.] Winding in and out, bending to and fro, serpentine, undulating, crooked. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. 1794 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxvi. 393 The stem is a little flexuose or winding. 1826 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1828) III. xxxv. 673 In Lygaeus Pharaonis the posterior pair are flexuose. 1845 Lindley Sch, Bot. ix. (1858) 154 Stalk of sporangium curved, flexuose. FLEXUOSITY. 321 FLICHTERED. Flexuosity (fleksiw^sTti). [ad. Y.flexuosiU, ad. L. flexudsitdt-cm , n. of state f. flexudsns : see prec. and -ity.] The quality or condition of being flexuous; an instance of this ; a winding. 1611 Cotgr., Flexuosite, flexuositie ; a most crooked or manifold turning. 1737 Ozei xRabelais in. iv.(i8o7) II. 261 By long ambages, circuits, and flexuosities. 1830 R. Knox Bee lords A Hat. 168 The flexuosity consists in a course alternately undulated above and below a straight line. 1853 Phillips Rivers Yorksh. ix. 243 [Roads] which exhibit a negligent flexuosity. Flexuoso-, combining form of Flexdose or Flexuous, occas. prefixed to other adjs. to indicate a flexuons form or arrangement. 1846 Dana Zooph.. (1848) 227 A[stra.:a] flexuoso-convex. Ibid. 327 Lobes carinato-angular, and flexuoso-divaricate. 1856 W. Clark Van der Hoeven's Zool. I. 405 Antennae in both sexes simple, flexuoso-clavate, with smooth apex. Flexuons (fie-ksi«|3s), a. [ad. L . flexuds-us : see Flexuose and -ous.] 1 . Full of bends or curves; winding, sinuous. Now chiefly in scientific use, said of animal or vegetable structures. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 11. vi. § 6. 2S Imitating the ordi- narie flexuous courses of Nature, a 1661 Fuller Worthies Barks. (1662) 81 The flexuous River of Thames. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. I. 420 Lateral line flexuous ; tail slightly bilobate. i860 O. W. Holmes Elsie V. x, Her lithe body undulating with flexuous grace. 1874 T. Hardy Madding Crowd I. xxv. 282 About equal proportions of gnarled and flexuous forms, the former being the men, the latter the women. 2 . Moving in bends or waves, undulating, rare. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 820 The Flexuous Burning of Flames doth shew the Aire beginnelh to be vnquiet. 1872 Darwin Emotions Introd. 11 Man cannot express love, .by external signs, so plainly as does a dog, when with .. flexuous body .. he meets his beloved master. Hence Ple xuotisly adv., in a flexuous manner. 1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 382 Flexuously branched stems. 1872 H. C. Wood Eresh-W. Algee 34 Flexuously curved. Flexural (fle-ksiural), a. [f. next + -al.] Of or relating to flexure. 1879 Thomson & Tait Nat.. Philos. § 591 The constants of flexural and torsional rigidity. Flexure (fle'ksitu). [ad. L. flexiira, f. flcctcre to bend : see -ure.] 1 . The action of flexing or bending; curvature ; an instance of this. 1592 Nobody <§■ Someb. 1062 in Simpson Sch. Shahs. (1S78) I. 318 There’s those are made For flexure, let them stoope. 1599 B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. 4 Grex ’ 26 The easie flexure of his supple hammes. c 1611 Chapman Iliad xxm. 409 Eumelus made most pace With his fleet mares, and he began the flexure as we thought. 1764 Reid hiquiry v. § 7 A new sensation, which accompanies the flexure of joints, and the swelling of muscles. 1775 Johnson West. I si. Wks. X. 351 The way makes a flexure. 1827 Faraday Chem. Manip. ii. 25 By flexure of the beam or change in the points of support. 1870 Ruskin Led. Art vi. 165 They give life by flexure of surface, not by quantity of detail. fig. 1649 Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. Ep. Ded. 1 That pro¬ position which complies with .. all the flexures of its tem- porall ends. 2 . Flexed or bent condition ; * the form or direc¬ tion in which anything is bent ’ (J.), bent figure or posture; bending, or winding form. 1628 Earle Microcosm, xxx (1811) 86 No antick screws men’s bodies into such strange flexures. 1658 Evelyn Fr. Card. (1675) 15 Which, .will oblige the trees to what flexure and forme you please. 1691 Ray Creation 11. (1692) 5 The contrary flexure of the Joints of our Arms and Legs to that of Quadrupeds. 1794 G. Adams Nat. <$• Exp. Philos. I. v. 200 Muscles, by which he [man] can give., to his tongue, any kind of flexure he pleases. 1826 Good Bk. Nat. (1834) 1 . 1 The details, .of planting the woods, of giving flexure to the rivers, [etc.] 1875 Blackmore Alice Lorraine II. xxiii. 323 With classic flexure of luxuriant hair. + 3 . A tendency to bend or be bent; a strain. Obs. 1652 Abp. Sancroft Mod. Pol. in D’Oyly Life II. 254 There is no such equilibrious virtue, but has some flexure to one of the extremes. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 42 The parts of the Glass are under a kind of tension or flexure. f 4 . a. Power of bending. Const, of. b. Capa¬ bility of being bent; flexibility. Obs. *651-3 Jer. Taylor Serm. for Year (1850) 154 Stiff as icicles, and without flexure as the legs of elephants. 1779 Phil. Trans. LXIX. 10 He .. had the perfect flexure and use of his fore arm. 1802 Paley Nat. Theol. i. (1819) 2 A flexible chain artificially wrought for the sake of flexure. 5 . concr. A thing of bent shape ; the bent part of anything (e. g. a limb, river, road) ; a bend, curve, turn, winding. 1607 Topsell Serpents (1658) 674 An angle or flexure of sixteen ribs. 1652 F. Kirkman Clerio <$• Lozia 91 Her Coif . .with flexures in it for her hair to pass out most compleatly curled. c 1720 Gibson Farrier's Guide 1. v. (1738) 56 [They] lose their fleshy substance .. as they approach the Flexure of the lower Jaw-bone. 1773 Hist. Brit. Dom. N. Amer. 11. v. § 2. 295 From the hook or flexure .. vessels get out to sea with difficulty. 1800 Med. Jml. 111 . 23 The lowest part of the sigmoid flexure of the colon. 1814 Cary Dante Purg. xxv. 105 Now the last flexure of our way we reach’d. 1839 Stonehouse Axholme 152 The arched entrance to the north porch, which is richly ornamented by trefoil flexures. 1868 Browning Ringty B/c. ix. 57 Her babe—that flexure of soft limbs. 1874 Coues Birds N. IK. 688 The wing from the flexure, differs, .almost or quite an inch. 6 . Math. The bending or curving of a line or surface. In the theory of elasticity, the bending of a surface or solid. Flexure of a curve : its Vol, IV, bending towards or from a straight line. Point of contrary flexure : see Contrary A. 5 d. 1672 Wallis in Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men (1841) II. 538 The figure of tangents applied to the arch stretched out into a straight line, hath no contrary flexure. 1831 Brewster Optics vi. 64 All the variety of caustics, with their cusps and points of contrary flexure. 1856 Denison Led. Ch. Building iii. 93 Hogarth’s line of beauty.. is .. in mathematical lan¬ guage, a curve of contrary flexure. 1857 Whewell I/ist. Induct. Sc. I. 79 This flexure is different at different angles. 1879 Thomson & Tait Nat. Philos. § 141 Flexure stretches one side and condenses the other temporarily. 7 . Geol. A bending of strata under pressure, chiefly from below. *833 Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 316 The great flexure of the secondary and tertiary beds. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. ix. (1S79) 196 The quartz rock, .underwent, .remarkable flexures without being shattered. 1882 Geikie Text-bk. Geol. vii. 915 Various types of flexure may be noticed. Hence Fle'xured ppl. a. [-ed -], having a flexure or flexures. 1881 Blackmore Christo7ucll II. xiv. 276 The carven curves and flexured tracery of soft little ears. Fley, flay (flt 71 ), sb. Sc. and north, dial. [f. next.] A fright; also in to get, take ( a ) fley. Cf. Fleg sb. 1 " ' 1804 Tarras Poeins 70, I watna, bit [but] I’ve gotten a fley. 1813 D. Anderson Poems 80 (Jam.) But bauldly then shook off their flay. Ibid. 121 Timorous fowk tak flay. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss ., Flay , a fright. Fley, flay (fld.’ 1 ), v. Obs. exc. Sc. and north. Forms: 3-9 flay, (5 flaey), 4-6 fle, (7 flea, 8 flee), 6 flie, 7-8 fly. See Fleg. [OF. *fligan , *fltgan (found in the compound dflygan: see Afley) = ON. fley j a, OHG. (ar-) flaugen, Goth. (its-) flaugjan OTeut. *flaitgjan, causative of fleugan to Fly.] 1 . Hans. To put to flight, frighten away. Also with away. a 1225 Leg. Nath. 1602 An se swiSe swote smal com anan ]>refter, J?aet fleide awei he fearlac. c 1325 Met?'. Horn. 69 Many tyme Flayed he fendes fell fra hyme. c 1450 Bk. Hawkyug in Ret. Ant. I. 298 If thu handell thy hawke .. with thi handes unwasch .. thu fleyst thyn hawke .. above all thyng. 1572 Satir, Poems Reform, xxxiii. 218 Quhair is 3our wit. .To fle away my husband Common-weill? a 1605 Polwart Fly ting w. Montgomerie 211 And thinkes like fooles, to fley all faes With targets, tallies, and toome talk. 1871 C. Gibbon Lack of Gold xxi, ‘Ye may fley the laird from the country.’ 1876 Whitby Gloss., Flay , to scare away. 2 . To frighten, scare, terrify. a 1300 Cursor M. 17288 + 359 (Cott.) Bot wymmen flayed vus foule with wordez J>at }>ai saide. 1375 Barbour Bruce xvi. 217 Thai war so felly fleyit thar, That [etc.] c 1450 St. Cnthbert (Surtees) 2374 pai flowe away as pai were flayde. 1563 Davidson Confut. Kennedy in Wodr.Soc. Misc. (1844) 208 Thay walde faine fley us with the wynde of the worde of perturbatione. 1721 Kelly Sc. Prov. 391 You are more flay’d than hurt. 1785 Burns Death <$• Dr. Hornbook ix, ‘ My name is Death But be na fley’d.’ 1849 C. Bronte Shirley v. 46 ‘ Like as they're flayed wi’ bogards.* 1889 Nicholson Folk-speech E. Yorksh. 33 Poor Billy was om- mast flaid oot ov his wits. 3 . intr. To be afraid or frightened. 1768 Ross Helenore 1. 378 Nory .. had some farther gane, For Lindy fly’d. a 1776 in Herd Colled. II. 216 The feint a body was therein, ye need na fley’d for being seen. 4 . Comb, flay-crake, -crow, a scarecrow. 1788 W. Marshall Yorksh. Gloss. (E. D. S.)* Flay-crake, a scare-crow. 1883 Longm. Mag. June 166 Coming across a 4 flaycrake ’ among the young wheat. 1824 Craven Dial. 74 * Flay craw. 1852 R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour xiv. 72 A hat that would disgrace anything but a flay-crow. Hence Tleyed ppl. a ., frightened ; afraid ; timor¬ ous. Const, of. Also Fleyedly (flietlie), adv. ; Fleyedness. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. xviii. 1926 He. .bad hyr noucht fleyd to be off that, c 1450 Henryson Poems (1865) 206 Quhill that the Wolf for fleidnes fylit the field. 1533 Gau Richt Vay (1888) 107 Zour fleyit conscience. 1563 WinJet Four Scoir Tre Quest. Pref. Wks. 1888 I. 50 Of the silence and fleitnes of wtheris. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. ix. 215 Quhilk .. waik throuch feir ouer flietlie stude abak. a 1605 Polwart Fly ting w. Montgomerie 781 Fleyd foole, mad muile ! 1674 Ray N. C. Words 26 A flaid Coxcomb, a fearful fellow. 1676 Row Suppl. Blair's Auto- biog., (1848) xii. 539 Sharp who was as flyed as a fox. 1850 [Mrs. Lear] Tales Kirkbeck Ser. 11. 121 4 1 ’se flayed on’t’ Elky exclaimed. Fley(e, obs. forms of Flay. Fleyen, obs. pa. pple. of Flay. Fley(h)s, obs. form of Flesh. Fleying •iq\ vbl. sb. dial. [f. Fley v. + -ing *.] The action of the vb. Fley ; an instance of this ; hence, fright, fear. Also eouor. Something that frightens; a hobgoblin. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 6112 pe day of flaying and of af[r]ay. 1811 Willan \x\ Archaeologia XVII. 146 Flaying, an apparition or hobgoblin. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Flayin', a spectre, an apparition. 1876 Whitby Gloss., ‘ I gat a sair flaying.’ Fleyke, Fleyl(e, Fleys, obs. ff. of Flake, Flail, Fleece. Fleysome, flaysome ( fl^-szmT, a. dial. [f. Flay sb. + -some.] Frightful, dreadful. 1790 A. Wilson Ep. lo Pickett Poet. Wks. (1846) 106 He got on his fleesome cowl. 1848 E. Bronte Wuthering H. xxxiii. 266 Yon flaysome graceless quean. 1891 At¬ kinson Last Giant-Killers 150 Such flaysome, ghostlike beings. Fleyte, obs. form of Flite. Fliar, obs. Sc. form of Flyer. + Flibber gibber, a. Obs. rare-'. [Cf. next.] ? Glib-tongued. 1561 Awdelay Era/. Vacah. (1575) B iv, This is a flibber gibber Knaue, that doth fayne tales. Flibbertigibbet (fli bajtiid.^ibet). Forms: 6 flibbergib(be, flybbergybe, 7 flibber de’ Jibb, 6-7 fleborgebet, -gebit, -gibet, 6 flibber-gibbet, 7 fliberdigib(b)et, fliberdegibek, 9 flibberty-, flipperty-gibbet, 7- flibbertigibbet. [App. an onomatopoeic representation of unmeaning chatter. The earliest form in our quots., flibber gib, is prob. the original ; the later expansions are of a kind commonly met with in imitative words. The end¬ ing may be due to association with gibbet .] 1 . A chattering or gossiping person; a flighty or frivolous woman. 1549 Latimer 2 nd Serm. lef. Edw. VI, D v, These .. flybbergybes an other daye shall come & clawe you by the backe and say [etc.] 1611 Cotgr., Coquette, a pratling, or proud gossip; a titifill, a flebergebit. 1640 B Rome Sparagus Card. 1. iv, Good Mrs. Flibber de’ Jibb with the French fly -flap o’ your coxecombe. 1892 Travers Mona Maclean I. 6 You..are less of a flibbertigibbet than the world takes you to be. J- 2 . The name of a devil or fiend. Obs. 1603 Harsnet Pop. Impost, x. 49 Frateretto, Fliberdi- gibbet, Hoberdidance, Tocobatto were foure deuils of the round, or Morrice. 1605 Shaks. Lear 111. iv. 120 The foule Flibbertigibbet, .hurts the poore Creature of earth. b. A person resembling the character so nick¬ named in Scott’s Kenilworth ; an impish-looking, mischievous, and flighty urchin ; a person of gro¬ tesque appearance and restless manners. [1821 Scott Keniliv. x, Dickie Sludge, or Flibbertigibbet, as he called the boy.] 1826 H. N. Coleridge West Indies 292 What with her dishevelled hair and young black Flibbertigibbet by her side, she looked like a real witch. 1861 F. Metcalfe Oxonian in Peel. 305 A white-haired flib¬ bertigibbet of a boy. 1878 Stevenson Inland Voy. 63 He was a lean, nervous flibbertigibbet of a man. Hence Fli bberty-gi bberty a., flighty, frivolous, senseless. 1879 Mrs. Walford Cousins II. 146 The gentle, serious Jane was taken with the flibberty-gibberty fellow. 1888 in Berksh. Gloss. Flibote: see Fly-boat. + Flibrigo, sb. Obs. rare ~~ \ 1762 Lotid. Mag. XXXI. 612/2 Whoever desires to fatten and strengthen, .let him refrain from high-seasoned hodge¬ podge, French magma, and fish flibrigo. Flibustier, var. of Filibuster sb. II Flicflac. [Fr. ; echoic of a succession of sharp sounds.] A kind of step in dancing. 1852 Thackeray Char. 4 Humour Wks. 1886 XXIII. 321 He teaches pirouettes and flic-fiacs. i860 — Round. Papers, De Juventute 77 The feet of five hundred nymphs were cutting flicflacs on the stage. Flic(c)h e, obs. forms of Flitch. Flicht, Sc. form of Flight, Flite. Flichter (flrxtai), sb. Sc. [f. next vb.] = Flicker sb? 1826 J. Wilson Nod. elmlr. Wks. 1855 I. 240 In a flichter o’ rainbow licht. Flichter, flighter (fli-xts-i), vd Sc. Also 6 flichtir, flych-, flyghter, 9 fleighter. [? f. flicht. Flight v. ; see -er 5 . Cf. Flaughter v . 2 ] 1 . intr. Of a bird: To beat its wings, fly irregu¬ larly or feebly, flutter. Of inanimate objects: To flutter, move quivering through the air. 1513 Douglas /Eneis v. ix. 33 The foul affrayit flichtiris on hir wingis. 1635 D. Dickson Prad. Wks. (1845) I. 55 If ye will stir & flichter like a bird in a cage. X790 A. Wil¬ son Rabby's Mistake Poet. Wks. (1846) 101 Doos flighter’t through amang the stacks. 1816 Scott Antiq. xxv, ‘It's just a branch of ivy flightering awa frae the wa’.' transf. 1871 Waddell Ps. xc. 10 A gliff it gaes by an' we flichter hame. 2 . To struggle ; to tremble, quiver, throb. 1528 I ..yndf.say Dream 303 Mony ane thousand Comoun peple laye flichtrand in the fyre. 1553 Douglas' AEneis v. viii. 115 The beist .. can ly .. flychterand in the dede thrawis [cf. Flicker v. 3]. 1724 [see ppl. a.]. Hence Fli chtering vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 1724 Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) II. 162 My flighteren heart gangs pittie-pattie. 1768 Ross Helenore 1. 1738 Sleep .. for a wee her flightering breast did heal. 1785 Burns Cotter s Saturday Nt. iii, Th’expectant wee-things, toddlin, stacher through To meet their Dad wi’ flichterin noise and glee. 1820 Scott Monast. iii, 4 Our leddy is half gane already, as ye may see by that fleightering of the ee-lid.’ t Fli’cllter, flrghter, V? Sc. Obs. [H.flich¬ ter, Flighter, in the unrecorded sense of ‘ wing’; cf. pinion vb.] trans. To bind, pinion. 1680 in Wodrow Hist. Suff. Ch. Scotl. (1722) II. iii. iv. § 5. 141 His Hands flightered with Ropes. 1703 Williamson Serm. bef. Gen. Assembly 48 Driven back to Lothian .. tied and flightered like thieves. 1768 Ross Helenore 1229 His legs they loos’d, but flighter’d held his hands. Flichtered (fli'xtajd),///. a. Sc. [f. Flichter vd + -ed h] Thrown into a flutter: a. volatile, flighty; b. frightened. 1832-53 Whistle-binkie (Sc. Songs'* Ser. iii. 70, I canna say flichter’d an’ foolish ye’ve been. 1889 Barrie Window in Thrums 102 ‘They were juist as flichtered themsels.* 41 FLICK. 322 FLICKERING, Flick (flik), sb . 1 [Echoic ; cf. F. flicjlac the cracking of a whip.] 1 . A light blow, esp. one given with something pliant, a whip, etc., or with the finger-nail. 1447 Bokenham Seyuiys 85 Thy craft. .is not worth aflykke. 1591 Percivall Sp. Diet., Cachete, a flicke in the cheeke. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones v. ii, ‘If the parson had not his petticoats on, I should have lent un o flick.’ 1859 Boyd AV er. Country Parson (1862) 74, I have sometimes given you an angry flick when you shied. 1886 D. C. Murray First Person Sing. xix. 146 With a dexterous flick of the towel he extinguished his own candle. b. Any sudden movement; a jerk. 1866 Reader 6 Jan. 19/1 The peculiar flick of the blush in drawing the terminations of the foliage. 1867 F. Francis Angling vii. (1880) 263 The slightest ‘flick’ or ‘crack’ [in throwing the line] will necessitate putting on a new fly. c. quasi -adv. With a flick. 1862 H. Kingsley in Macm. Mag. July 225 The line came ‘flick’ home across his face. 2 . The sound thus produced; hence, any slight, sharp sound. 1844 Alb. Smith Adv. Mr. Ledbury I. xix. The only evidences of sound, .being the creaking and straining of the wheels, .or the flick of the driver’s whip. 1866 Cornh. Mag. Dec. 655 The flick of her cards falling upon the table was the music she loved best to hear. 1890 Gloucestersh. Gloss ., Flick, the hasty snap of a greyhound when he fails to secure the hare. 3 . concr . Something thrown off with a jerk ; a dash, splash. (Perh. influenced by Fleck j^. 1 ) 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair xix, The flicks of yellow that the rushlight threw on the dreary darkened ceiling. 1891 Pall Mall G. 13 Nov. 7/2 Great flicks of spray and foam as big as a man’s hand. Flick (flik), sb . 2 [Origin unknown ; perh. two distinct words.] + 1 . slang . A thief. Obs.— ° 1610 Rowlands Martin Mark-all , A Flicke [printed Afflicke], a Theefe. 2 . dial . and vulgar. (See quots.) 1883 Punch 28 July 38/1 Last night, They’d a feet in these gardens, old flick. 1886 Elworthy IV. Somerset Word-bk ., Flick , a very familiar epithet—as ‘ Come on, old flick’. Flick, sb .3 dial. Also fleck, [var. of Flix.] The fur of a hare or rabbit, etc.; hence collect, hares and rabbits. Cf. Feather sb. 4. 1812 Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 140 The black [cat] had lost a very large portion of his flick. 1840 Spurdens Supp. to Voc. E. Anglia, Flick , hare's or rabbit’s down. 1887 Kent Gloss., Fleck , hares; rabbits; ground game. ‘ They killed over two hundred pheasants, but not but terr’ble little fleck.* Flick, sbA dial. See Fleck sb.s Flick (flik), v . 1 Cant. [prob. a dialectal variant of Flitch v.] tram. To cut. 1677 Coles, Flick, to cut. 1750 Apol. Life Bampfyldc- M. Carezu 338 Flick me some panam and cassan; cut me some bread and cheese. 1785 Grose Diet. Vulg. Tongue, Flick the peter, cut off the cloak bag, or portmanteau. 1815 Scott Guy XT. xxviii, One of them .. desired one of the lads ‘ to hand in the black Peter, that they might flick it open ’. 1837 Disraeli Venetia xiv, Flick the bread, cut the bread. Flick (flik), v . 2 Also 9 fleck, [f. Flick s/>. 1 ; app. not recorded before the 19th c.] 1 . trans. To strike lightly with something flexible, as a whip. 1838 Dickens Niclt. Nick, xxiii, * Many and many is the circuit this pony has gone,’ said Mr. Crummies, flicking him skilfully on the eyelid. 1873 Ouida PascarH II. xn 247 Pascarel flicking his mandoline into harmony with the lazzarone song which he was humming. 1875 A. R. Hole My Schoolboy Fr. 149 Flicking each other with our towels. 1884 \V. C. Smith Kildrostan 61, O white-throat swallow flicking The loch with long wing-tips. 2 . To remove (something) with a smart stroke of something flexible. Also with away. 1847 Alb. Smith Chr. Tadpole ii. 30 [He] attempted to flick a fly from the horse’s haunch. 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair xxxviii, He would flick away .. the particles of dust with a graceful wave of his hand. 1887 Miss Braddon Like Unlike ii, Miss Deverill was flicking the chalk-marks off the cloth with her handkerchief. b. To throw (off, etc.) with a jerk ; to jerk. 1816 T. L. Peacock Headlong Hall iv, Like so many spots of ink, flicked at random out of a pen. 1882 \V. J. Cum¬ mins Catalogue Fishing Tackle 10 Don’t attempt to throw against the wind, as you would be sure to 1 flick' the fly off. 3 . intr. To move with quick vibrations; (also, toflick it). Of a bird : To flutter; in quot. with out. Of a wound: To palpitate, throb. Cf. Flicker. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxviii. (1856) 349 As it is, we are undoubtedly flicking it to the north again. 1866 Black- more Cradock Noivell xxxi, The jar-bird flicked out from the ivy-drum. 1889 N. IF. Line. Gloss., Fleck, to flutter, to throb. ‘ My thumb, I knew it was getherin’, it fleck'd soa.’ a 1890 R. F. Burton in Life (1893) I. 90 They were flick¬ ing across the country at the rate of twelve miles an hour. 4 . 'trans. To move or shake with a ‘ flick’ ; to make a light stroke or movement with (a whip, etc.). 1844 Mrs. Houston Yacht Voy. Texas II. 313 The ladies . .begin flicking about their fans. 1849 Alb. Smith Pottlelon Leg. xxxi. 357 The driver flicked his whip at her parasol. r86t Fraser's XTag. Dec. 768 Our rotten old sail began to flick itself into shreds. 1877 C. Keene Lei. in G. S. Layard Life 1 ix. (1892) 251, I was afraid of flicking my line into my host’s eye. 1879 G. Meredith Egoist xxxii. (1889) 312 He stood .. flicking a wet towel at Crossjay. 18 86 Stevenson Fr. Olio 11. xii. 203 He flicked the order on the table. absol. 1880 Blackw. Mag. Jan. 79/1 So, flicking first at one hind-leg, then at another, he succeeded, .in getting her to face him. Flick (flik), ».3 Chiefly dial. Also fleck, [f. P'lick ri.s] 1 . tram. a. To cause the fur to fly from (a hare or rabbit); hence, to wound, b. Of a dog: To seize by the fur. 1843 J. T. Hewlett College Life III. xxxiii. 299 They [the dogs] ran up to their hare .. flicked, and eventually killed her. 1876 Surrey Provincialisms (E. D. S.) s. v., ‘You flicked him pretty much* means you shot him very hard. 1888 Bcrksh. Gloss, s. v. Vleck, ‘ I vlecked a rabbut zo’s I thinks the dogs *ull ketch un.’ 2 . To strip of fur. Hence, fig. To fleece, strip. 1823 Moor Suffolk Words, ‘ I fleck't him of all his marbles.’ Flick(ke, obs. form of Flitch. t Fli’cker, sbA Obs. rare- 1 , [cf. Flick sb. 2 ] 1598 Florio, Guanciatore, .. a pilferer, a flicker. Fli’cker, sb . 2 slang. A drinking-glass. Hence Fli cker v., to drink (Farmer). 1677 'u Coles, a 1700 in B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew. 1730 Apol. Life Bampfylde-M. Carew 338. 1785-1823 Grose Diet. Vulg. Tongue. Flicker (fli’kai), sb .3 [f. Flicker ».] 1 . An act of flickering, a flickering movement. 1857 Hughes Tom Brown ii. iv, [The bird would] with an impudent flicker of his tail, dart into the depths of the quickset. 1861 Wilson & Geikie Mem. E. Forbes i. 35 The flicker of the leaves whose shadows mottle their waters. 2 . A wavering unsteady light or flame. 1849 Alb. Smith Pottleton Leg. vii. 36 After some delay, there was a flicker through the fanlight of the street door. 1856 Kane A ret. Expl. I. xxviii. 371 Writing by this miser¬ able flicker of my pork-fat lamp. 1862 Miss Braddon Lady Audley viii. 57 The pale sky, tinged with the last cold flicker of twilight. fig. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. v. 53 This little flicker of enthusiasm.. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. VII. xvn. vii. 75 His Enterprise was a final flicker of false hope. 1876 Mauds- ley Physiol. Mindx. 25 The last flicker of departing life. Flicker (fli’ksi), sbfi US. [Said to be echoic of the bird’s note.] The popular name of various American species of woodpecker. 1849 Thoreau Week Concord Biz 1 . Thursday 333 The flicker’s cackle is heard in the clearing. 1870 Lowell Study Wind. 19 The flicker makes good his claim to the title of pigeon-woodpecker. 1888 Riverside Nat. Hist. IV. Introd. 8 The two flickers are mainly characterized by the color of the under-surface of the wing and tail feathers, these being red in the red shafted (Colaptes mexicanus), gamboge yellow in the yellow-shafted flicker (C. auratus). Ibid. IV. 428 The Cape flicker (C. chrysoides), with red moustache. + Flicker, a. Obs. rare- 1 , [f. Flicker v. ; cf. OE. Jlacor adj., mentioned under Flacker v.] Unsteadfast, wavering. c 1325 Xletr. Horn. 36 Forthi asked Crist quether man him soht AIs he war man of Hiker thoht. Flicker(fli’k3i),z<. Forms: 1 flicerian,-orian, 3- 5 flikeren, (4 flikkere), 4-5 fleker, -ir, 5-6 fly(c)ker,6 fliekar, Sc. flickir, flikker, 6- flicker. [OE. flicorian, an onomatopoeic formation with frequentative suffix (see -ER 5 ), expressing repeated quick movement similar to that expressed by Flacker, but slighter or less noisy.] 1 . intr. Of a bird : To flutter; to hover, occas. To flap the wings; to move by flapping the wings. c 1000 zElfric Horn. II. 156 An blac firostle flicorode ymbe his neb. C1386 Chaucer Knt’s. T. 1104 Above hir heed hir dowves flikeringe. 1447 Bokenham Scyn/ys (Roxb.) 109 Ovyr hyr as she [a dove] dede hovyr flekerynge. 1581 Marbeck Bk. of Notes 348 Estrich, This bird .. cannot mount up to flie aloft, but flickereth in such wise as he cannot he overgone. 1616 Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 26 If the Duckes. .flicker with their wings often and a long time together. 1700 Dryden Palawan 4 Arc. in. 123 The tuneful lark .. flickering on her nest, made short essays to sing. 1801 C. Smith Solit. Wanderer I. 255, I saw too .. the flying fish, .emerging from the waves on their wing-like fins, and flickering along the surface of the water. 1892 Stevenson & Osbourne Wrecker xix. 304 The pinnacles .. were flickered about all day long by a multitude of wings. fig. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus iv. 1193 (1221) Her gost, that flikered aie a loft, Into her wofull herte ayen it went. 1583 Stanyhurst Aencis 11. (Arb.) 64 From the fathers sermons shal such fond patcherye flicker? + 2 . To make caressing or fondling movements with the wing ; hence, to act in a fondling or coax¬ ing manner ; to dally, hanker, look longingly (after). aizz$ After. R. 290 Spit him amidde )>e bearde .. }?et flikered so mit J>e. c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. p 783 Yit wol thay kisse, and flikkere, and besien heniself. 1530 Palsgr. 552/2, I flycker, I kysse togyther, jc baise. 1556 J. Hey- wood Spider <5- F. lxiii. 42 Where they may win ought .. they fliekar, and flatter, in fauer to grow. 1621 Burton Anal. Mel. ui. iii. iv. ii, It is most odious, when an old acherontic dizzard that hath one foot in his grave .. shall flicker after a young wench. 1697 Dryden Virgil Life **iij b, Lavinia ..looks a little flickering after Turnus. 1806 R. Ja¬ mieson Pop. Ball. I. 296 Dorothy, .flicker’d at Willie again, b. slang and dial. (See quots.) a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew , To flicker, to grin or flout. i 7 ® 5 _i 8 2 3 Grose Diet. Vulg. Tongue, Flickering, grinning, or laughing in a man’s face. 1868 Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., ‘ He flicker’d and flyred lahk a girning cat.’ 3 . To make a fluttering or vibratory movement; to wave to and fro ; to flutter (in the air or wind); to quiver, vibrate, undulate. Of wind : To blow in light gusts. c 1450 Merlin 324 Their baners .. flekered in the wynde. ^1577 Gascoigne Wks. (1587) 299, I see not one .. Whose feathers flant and flicker in the winds. 1601 Holland Pliny I. xviii. xxxv. 613 You shall marke the leaves of trees to move, flicker & play themselves. 1633 J. Fisher True Trojans 11. v, Troopes, With gawdie pennons flickering in the aire. 1793 Earl Buchan Ess., Spring (1812) 77 The darkest indigo blue was seen .. to flicker on the sur¬ face of this molten gold. 1832 Tennyson Dream Fair JVom. 113 The high masts flicker’d as they lay afloat. 1850 — In Mem. cx, Nor cared the serpent at thy side To flicker with his double tongue. 1873 Miss Thackeray Old Ken¬ sington xi. 89 A wet foggy wind flickered in his face. b. trans. (causatively.) (Cf. Flick v. 2 ) 1843 Blackw. Mag. LIV. 399/2 We mount beside the red¬ faced, much-becoated individual who is flickering his whip in idle listlessness on the box. f 4 . To throb, palpitate, quiver. Obs. c 1470 Henry Wallace 11. 268 His hart.. flykeryt to and fro. 1508 Dunbar Test. A. Kennedy 43, I leif my hert .. That never mair wald flow nor flickir. 1513 Douglas /Eneis in. ix. 73 The hait flesch ondir his teth flikkerand. Ibid. v. viii. 115 Sprewland and flikkerand in the deid thrawis. t 5 . Jig. Of a person : To waver, vacillate. Obs. c 1325 Metr. Horn. 92 This bischop flekerid in his thoht. c 1440 Promp. Pan'. 165/2 Flekeryn, or waveryn yn vn- stabylle herte, nuto. 6 . To flash up and die away alternately. Of a flame : To bum fitfully or unsteadily; also with compl., out, etc. Now the prevailing sense, though scarcely found earlier than the 19th c. 1605, 1791 [see Flickering ppl. a. 5]. 1820 Keats St. AgnesxX, A chain-droop’d lamp was flickering by each door. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth iv, Eying the firmament, in which no slight shades of grey were beginning to flicker. 1858 Froude Hist. Eng. III. xv. 305 Sheet lightning, flickering harmlessly in the distance. 1871 B. Taylor Faust (1875) II. v. iv. 285 The fire sinks down and flickers low. 1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect II. 197 The wasted flame soon afterwards flickered out. b. transf. and Jig .; also with up. 1833 Lamb Elia Ser. 11. Pop. Fallacies , We love, .to watch .. a quirk .. flickering upon the lips some seconds before [it is spoken]. 1851 D. Jerrold St. Giles ix. 84 A faint smile flickered at his lips. 1862 Meiuvale Rom. Emp. (1865) VII. lix. 244 A gleam of hope still flickered in their bosoms. 1876 J. Weiss Wit, Hum. Shaks. iii. 81 Dogberry flickers up into a kind of lukewarmness. 1892 Speaker 3 Sept. 276/2 Precious lives which have, .flickered out in the cruel storm. 7 . trans. To cause to flash or burn unsteadily or fitfully. 1869 Sat. Rev. VIII. 70/2 The Supreme Pontiff, .flickers his lightnings over the prostrate rebels. 1882 T. Mozley Remin. II. Add. 428 The thought that the huge Alps all about us had been flickered like a candle. 8 . intr. — Bicker. ? Obs. 1776 [see Flickering vbl, sb.]. 1809 J. Adams Wks. 1854 IX. 242 We flickered, disputed, and wrangled, .but always with a species of good humour. Flickered (fli kaid), ppl. a. [f. prec. + -ed i.J Illuminated with flickering light. i8zi Joanna Baillie Met. Leg., Colu?ubus vii, The flicker’d east. Fli ckering, vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -tng 1 .] The action of the vb. Flicker in various senses. c 1440 Promp. Pan'. 165/2 Flekerynge of byrdys, volitacio. Flekerynge, or wauerynge yn an vnstable hert, vacillacio. 1527 Prose Life St. Brandan (Percy S0CO40 He [the Byrde] with flykerynge of his wynges made a full mery noyse. 1776 J. Adams Fam. Lett. (1876) 175 The newspapers .. will inform you of public affairs, and the particular bicker¬ ings of parties in this colony. 1816 Byron Ch. Har. iii. xliv, A flame unfed, which runs to waste With its own flickering. 1875 Lanier Poems, Symphony 156 Fern-wavings and leaf-flickerings. 1883 (*&• Words July 469/1 What a flickering of mellowed sunlight comes over the eyes. Flickering (flrkariq), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing ^.] That flickers, in senses of the vb. 1 . Of a bird : That flutters or hovers. 1531 Latimer Let. Baynton in Foxe A. $ M. (1563) 1328/1 Howe manye Larkes for a penye, yf euerye Starre in the Elemente were a flyckeringe hobye. 1664 Floddan F. 1. 5 Flickering fame that monstrous wight With hundred wings wapping was blown. 1807 Crabbe Par. Reg. iii. Wks. 1834 II. 209 The hat shrill shrieking woo’d his flickering mate, f 2 . Caressing, coaxing, seducing. Obs. > a 1536 Calisto <5- Melib. A iij h Theyre [women’s] fals intents & flykkeryng smylyng. 1551 Robinson tr. More's Utop. (Arb.) no The peruerse and malicyous flickeringe inticementes of lewde and vnhoneste desyres. 1607 R. Niccols Cuckoo 198 Their chambring fortitude they did descrie By their soft maiden voice and flickeringe eie. a 1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary iii. i. (1651) 36, I am not any flickering thing: I cannot boast of that slight-fading gift You men call beauty. t 3 . Changeable, unreliable, unsteady, wavering. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Troy 11. x, The enuious ordre of fortunat meuinge, In worldly thynge false and flikerynge. 1465 Marg. Paston in Paston Lett. No. 502 II. 183 Pyrs Waryn . .whych ys a flykeryng felowe and a besy. 1586 in Biblio¬ grapher (1882) I. 75 All flickering wealth which flies in firmest hope, a 1619 Fotherby Aiheom. 1. x. § 5 (1622) 109 A weake and a flickring opinion, a 1763 Shenstone Price Equipage 25 To keep a race of flickering knaves, He grows himself the worst of slaves. 4 . Quivering, vibrating unsteadily. 1580 Sidney A rcadia 11. (1638) 221 He.. hopes the flickering wind with net to hold. 1594 Plat Jetvell-ho. 1. 66 Vnlesse the Wines happen to haue a flickering Lee. 1757 Dyer Fleece iv. 37 Rising o’er the flick’ring wave. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xx, A keen and furtive glance of her flickering eyes. 1871 B. Taylor Faust (1875) I. ii. 44 The lark sends down his flickering lay. 1887 Baring-Gould Gaverocks x. in Cornh. Mag. Mar. 229, I have seen a gilder blow the flickering sheet into the air. FLICKERMOUSE. 323 5 . That shines with, or is illuminated by, an unsteady or wavering light. 1605 Shaks. Lear (1st Q° 1608) n. ii. 114 Whose influence like the wreath of radient fire In flitkering [1623 flicking] Phoebus front. 1791 Earl Buchan Ess., Lett. Imitation Ancients (1812) 99 »The .. flickering rays of the departing light. 1865 Swinburne Atalanta 1894, 1 see .. Flushed pillars down the flickering vestibule. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. 1 .11. 623 In the chamber burned The flickering candles. Hence Fli'ckeringly adv., in a flickering manner. 1840 Tait’s Mag. VII. 714 One moment, flickeringly, it shone. 1878 H. S. Wilson Alp. Ascents i. 12 The ruddy light glistening flickeringly upon the black rock. t Flrckermouse. Obs. [Altered form of Flittermouse.] A bat. 1630 B. Jonson New Inn hi. i, Come, I will see the flicker mouse. . 1708 Motteux Rabelais (1737) V. 234 The Flicker- mise flying through the Translucidity of the corner’d Gate. t Flicket-a-flacket, culv. Obs . A representa¬ tion of the sound made by something flapping. Cf. Cricket-a-wicket. 1719 D’Urfey Pills II. 20 Their Sleeves went Flicket-a- flacket. t Fli’cketillg, a. Obs. rare— 1 . [Cf. prec. and Flickering.] = Flickering 3. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk Selv. 135 To think how such a flickering skipjackly thing as that [i.e. motion] is. .should be bound to the behaviour of such a grave stayd thing as time is. t Flickle. Obs. rare— 1 . App. an arbitrary extension of flick, Flitch (for rime). 1546 J. Heyvvood Prov. (1562) I ij, Littell and littell the cat eateth the flickell. t Flicky, a. Obs. ra?*e ~ \ [Cf. Flig, Fliggt, Fletch.] 1690 Loud. Gaz. No. 2559/4 A dark grey Mare about 14 hands, .a rough Mane, and flicky Tayl. Flidder (Ardor). Also Hither, flitter. A local name for the limpet. 1766 Pennant Zool. (1769) III. 195 The next baits in esteem are .. limpets (called here [Scarborough] Flidders). 1867 M. S. Lovell Edible Molluscs 120 In the Isle of Man . .they [limpets] are known by the name of ‘flitters'. 1876 Whitby Gloss., s.v. ‘ He sticks like a flither.* Flidge, Fliech, obs. ff. Fledge, Flitch sb. Flied, obs. pa. t. of Fly v. Flier: alternative form of Flyer. Flier(e, obs. form of Fleer. + Flig, a. Obs. [Cf. Flicky, Fliggy, Fletch.] 1677 Loud. Gaz. No. 1192/4 An Iron gray Gelding 5 years old .. flig tailed. 1683 Ibid. No. 1798/4 One bright bay Mare, .with a black short Tail, .and a black flig Main. 1723 Ibid. No. 6222/6 A black Gelding, .with, .a flig Tail. Flig(ge, var. of Fledge a. Obs. t Fli/ggy, a. Obs. [f. Flig a. + -y k] = Flig a. 1711 Loud. Gaz. No. 4921/4 A black Gelding .. with a fliggie Tail. Fligh, obs. form of Fly v. Flight (flsit), sb. 1 Forms : 1 fliht, flyht, fly#, 2-3 fiuht(£), south, vluht, 3-4 flii^t, (fliht, flith), 3. 5 flygt, 4-6 flyght(e, (6 fleight, flighte), 5 flyte, 6 Sc. flicht, 3- flight. [OE. flyht masc. — OS .fluht fem. (MDu., Du. vlucht fem.)OTeut. *fluhli-, f. *flug- weak root of *fleug-an to Fly.] 1 . The action or manner of flying or moving through the air with or as with wings. Also in phrases, To take {snake, wing, etc.) a or one's flight : to fly. lit. and fig. a 900 Martyrology Fragm. 8 in O. E. Texts 177 pa hi baeron to heofonum mid hiora fiSra flyhte. c 1000 vElfric Dent, xxxii. 11 Swa earn his briddas spaenj? to flihte. £1175 La?nb. Horn. 81 Mid }ri sse Auhte he fleh in to houene. c 1220 Bestiary 59 Si 5 en his fli^t is al unstrong. c 1250 Gen. Ex. 277 ‘Min fli3t’ he seide, ‘ic wile up-taken’. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 543 He says, man es born to travaile right Als a foul es to \>e flight, c 1435 Torr. Portugal 547 To the chyld he [the dragon] toke a flyght. 1605 Shaks. Macb. he. ii. 41 Ere the bat hath flown His cloister’d flight. 1632 Lithgovv Trav. v. 203 The flights and arrivals of which [Pigeons] I have often seene .. in Aleppo. 1697 Dryden Georg. 111. 14 New ways I must attempt. .To..wing my flight to fame. 1748 Anson's Voy. in. ii. 416 They could scarce fly further than an hundred yards at a flight. 1857 H. Reed Led. Eng. Poets viii. 270 Undying words which wing their flight over each generation as it .. passes away. 1871 E. Spender Restored I. vi. 115 Crowds of chaffinches went flitting along with their quick dancing flight. + b. Power of flying. Also in fig. phrase, To fond one's flight , i.e. to make trial of one’s powers. a 1225 Ancr. R. 132 pe heuinesse of hire flesche & flesches unSeawes binime 5 hire hire vluht. c 1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 1487 Al that day scho fonded hyre flygt, How scho myght .. Fonden a tale al newe, The childe deth for to brewe. c. Falconry. Pursuit of game, etc. by a hawk; also, the quarry flown at. 1530 Palsgr. 221/1 Flyght of a hauke, uol. 1548 Hall Chron.y Edw. IV , 199 b, That king Edward should be destitute of one of his best Hawkes, when he had moste nede to make a flight. 1603 Breton Packet Mad Lett. (Grosart) 21/1 If your Falcons be in tune, I shal be glad to see a flight. 1798 Sotheby tr. WiclancCs Oberon (1826) I. 17 The boy. .gives his falcon flight. 1828 Sebright Hawkvig 51 The goshawk .. if much used to these easier flights, will not even attempt to fly partridges. 1855 Salvin & Bkodrick Falconry iv. 66 The N orfolk plover seldom takes the air, and makes an easy flight. Jig. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 22 This steddy praise, is the flight and aime of truly noble soules. FLIGHT. + d. The time when the young birds first fly. 1600 Surflet Countrie Earme 1. xxii 120 There are some farmers which sell at euery flight, two hundred, & three hundred paire vnto the vittailers. e. Of birds or insects: A migration or issuing forth in bodies. 1823 Moor Suffolk Words, Flight , the second or third migration from a bee-hive. The first only is called a Swarm. 1832 Lyell Princ. Geol. II. 114 A similar flight [of butterflies] at the end of the last century is recorded by M. Louch. 2 . Swift movement in general; esp, of a projectile, etc. through the air. Of the heavenly bodies : Swift and regular course. Phr. to take a or one's flight. c 1250 Gen . Sf Ex. 137 De seuene he bad on fli3te faren, And toknes ben. 1545 Ascham Toxoph. 11. (Arb.) 152 A perfyte archer must firste learne to know the sure fiyghte of his shaftes. 1662 Dryden Astr.va Rcdux 270 Winds, that tempests brew, When through Arabian groves they take their flight .. lose their spite. 1684 R. H. School Recreat. 85 The Racket strikes .. And so the Ball takes Flight. 1715-20 Pope Iliad xv. 320 Skill’d to direct the Javelin’s distant Flight. 1785 Burns To W. Simpson xxix, Some ‘auld-light’ herds .. Are mind’t, in things they ca’ balloons To tak a flight. 1801 T. Roberts Eng. Bowman x. 237 By comparing the flight of .. sharp and blunt-piled arrows. 1818 Shelley Hym?i Castor 8 Ships, whose flight is swift along the wave. 1846 Greener Sc. Gunnery 328 If a high velocity be given to them to ensure a horizontal flight, the quantity of powder exploded must be in proportion. 1886 Ruskin Praeterita I. 325 Watching the flight of the clouds. i b. ( Arrows ) of the same flight : having the same power of flight; of equal size and weight. 1545 Ascham Toxoph, n.(Arb.) 131 You must haue diuerse shaftes of one flight, fethered with diuerse winges, for diuerse windes. 1596 Shaks. Merch. V. 1. i. 141 When I had lost one shaft I shot his fellow of the selfesame flight . .To finde the other forth. c. Swift passage (of time). 1647 H. Vaughan Son-Dayes i, The rich, And full re¬ demption of the whole weeks flight ! 1667 Milton P. L. ii. 221 Besides what hope the never-ending flight Of future days may bring. 1742 Young Nt. Th. i. 147 The flight of threescore years. 1820 Shelley Good Night 6 How can I call the lone night good, Though thy sweet wishes wing its flight ? 3 . fig. A mounting or soaring out of the regular course or beyond ordinary bounds; an excursion or sally (of the imagination, wit, intellect, am¬ bition, etc.). 1668 Denham On Cowley 47 Old Pindar’s flights by him are reacht. a 1674 Clarendon Hist. Reb. xiv. (1704)111.414 Any other Man than himself, who was accustom’d to extraordinary flights in the Air. 1692 Wagstaffe Vitid. Carol, ii. 34 That happy Flight of Sir Richard Fanshawe. 1732 hAwSerious C. v. (ed. 2) 77 These are not speculative flights. 1760 C. Johnston Chrysal( 1822) III. 10 A silence more expressive of his soul than all the flights of eloquence. 1781 Cow per Ep. Lcuiy Austen 16 The world, who knows No flights above thfc pitch of prose. 1850 Hannay Singleton Fontcnoy 1. viii, Temple, .had some thoughts of trying opium, which he believed a higher flight, but Singleton dissuaded him. 1868 Max Muller Chips (1880) III. v. 107 Drinking songs .. do not belong to the highest flights of poetry. f b. A fit or burst of unreasonable humour, caprice, or the like; also, flightiness, caprice. 1712-14 Pope Rape of Lock v. 32 Good humour can prevail, When airs, and flights, and screams, and scolding fail. 1754 Richardson Grandison I. vii. 33 But is not this wish of yours .. a very singular one ? A flight ! a mere flight ! Ibid. (1781) VII. 1 . 254, I am, at times, said she, too sensible of running into flight and absurdity. + 4 . A state of flutter or agitation; a trembling, fright. Cf. FlaughtjA 2 i, Flocht, and Flight v. A flighty in flight : in a state of perturbation. (The examples of a flighty placed under Afflict ppl. a ., possibly belong here.) Obs. 1513 More Rich. I If Wks. (1557)42/2 Y° quene in gret flight & heuines, bewailing her childes rain. 1529 — Contf. agst. Trib. 1. Introd. Wks. (1557) 1141/2, I waxed, .sodeinly sumwhat a fiyghte. 1535 Coverdale i Sam. xiv. 15 There came a fearfulnes and flight in the hoost vpon the felde. 5 . f a. A wing (obs.). b. In later use collect, the flight feathers, or those used in flying. c 1205 Lay. 2885 J>e wind him com on wiSere weoSeleden his fluhtes. 1735 J. Moore Columbarium 39 If the three Colours run thro’ the Feathers of the Flight and Tail. 1765 Treat. Dom . Pigeons 74 The bald-pated tumblers .. with a clean white head, .white flight and white tail. 6 . a. The distance which a bird can or does fly. f Capons flight (see quot.). 1600 Surflet Countrie Earme 1. xxii. 121 Let it [the doue-house] be distant a flight or two from any water. 1667 Milton P. L . vii. 4 Above the flight of Pegasean wing. 1730-6 in Bailey (folio) s. v. Capon'sflight, a com¬ pass of ground, such as a capon might fly over, due to the eldest of several brothers in dividing the father’s effects, when there is no principal manour in a lordship, c 1820 S. Rogers Italy, Meillerie 28 Within an eagle’s flight. fig. 1667 Milton P. L. viii. 199 From this high pitch let us descend A lower flight. 1856 Ld. Cockburn Mem. ii. (1874) 116 His constitutional animation never failed to carry him a flight beyond ordinary mortals. b. The distance to which a missile may be shot. Cf. Fr. voice. 1608 Yorksh. Trag. 1. viii, Within a flight o* the town. 1801 Southey Thalaba iv. xv, Because the Hern soars upward in the sky Above the arrow’s flight. c. Flight of a shot (see quot.;. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., Flight of a shot, the trajectory formed between the muzzle of the gun and the first graze. 7 . The series of stairs between any two landings ; hence a series of steps, terraces, etc., ascending without change of direction. [So F. voice.’] I 7°3 T. N. City <5- C. Purchaser 249 From this second Half-pace the Stairs fly directly back again, parallel to the first flight. 1780 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 4 June I. 366 Miss Burney, better go up another flight (pointing upstairs) .. for there’s no room anywhere else. 1820 W. Irving Sketch- bk. I. 171 A great flight of steps leads to the interior. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 243 On the slope .. were constructed flights of terraces. 1859 W. Collins Q. of Hearts (1875) 21 She was away up the second flight before he could say any more. b. A series of locks on a canal, rising like steps one above the other. 1861 Smiles Engineers II. 146 The canal .. descending from the hill-tops by a flight of locks. c. A set of rails or hurdles. [Possibly a distinct word, repr. OE.fleohta, = Geuflechte hurdle.] 1852 R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour Ixviii, Eyeing Mr. Sponge clearing a stiff flight of rails. 1865 Pall Mall G. 9 Feb. 3 Some .. would as lief have led a forlorn-hope as put a horse at a flight of hurdles. 1894 Daily News 14 Dec. 8/1 Rylstone started in strong demand for the Handicap Hurdle, but he died away at the last flight. 8. A collection or flock of beings or things flying in or passing through the air together : a. of birds or insects. Also the special term for a company of doves, swallows, and various other birds. c 1250 Gen. Ex. 3012 Moyses bad me< 5 e here on, And Sis flexes fli^t vt is don. c 1430 Lydg. Hors, Shepe $ G. (1822) 31 A flight of goshawkes A flight of douves A flight of cor- merants. i486 Bk. St. A Ibans F vj b, A Flight of swalowes. 1556 J- Heywood Spider <$• F. lii. 2 Herewith .. Cam such a flight of flies in scattred ray, As shadowed the sonne. 1588 Shaks. Tit. A. v. iii. 68 You sad fac’d men .. By vprores seuer’d like a flight of Fowle. 1605 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. iii. 1. Vocation 871 Like to a Cast of Falcons that pursue A flight of Pigeons. 1710 Addison Tatler No. 161 ip 8 Storks, that came thither in great Flights. , i8 7 S ‘ Stonehenge’ Brit. Sports 1. ix. 118 A ‘flight’ or ‘rush’ of dunbirds. tt'ansf. 1850 L. Hunt Autobiog. II. xvii. 296 The rest of the heaven covered with large flights of.. white clouds. b. A company of angels. 1602 Shaks. Ham. v. ii. 371 Goodnight .. And flights of Angels sing thee to thy rest. 1671 Milton P. R. ii. 385, I can. .call swift flights of Angels, i860 Hawthorne Marb. Faun (1879) II. xiii. 129 Around their lofty cornices hover flights of sculptured angels. c. A volley of missiles, esp. arrows. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 605 Fra bowmen bald and wicht, Of fedderit flanis flew ane felloun flicht Amang the Danis. 1591 Garrard Art Warre 2 A whole flight of arrowes. 1640 T. Habington Edw. IV, 17 In this trouble the Southerne men shot another flight. 1726 Swift Gulliver I. i, They shot another flight into the air, as we do bombs. 1864 Tennyson Aylmer's F. 94 A flight of fairy arrows. 1869 Boutell Arms <$• Arm. viii. 131 The English archers .. poured upon them their deadly arrows in flights thick as hail. d. colloq. In the first flight : in the van, taking a leading place. 1852 Smedley L. Arundel xxxix, Fellows .. that you’re safe to find in the first flight. 1893 Sir G. Chesney Lesters III. 11. xxl 15 While his sisters .. had all been in the first flight, he had come up with the ruck. 9 . The young birds that take wing at one time, e.g. the March flight or the May flight of pigeons. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. 1. (1586) 10 b, For my Dovehouse.—The great flyghtes of this house must needes fyll the maisters purse, and serve the Kitchen well. 1600 Surflet Countrie Earme 1. xxii. 125 At this time, they [pigeons] affoord you a flight. .called the March flight. 1829 Southey Corresp. with C. Bowles (1881) 177 The flight of summer birds are off, also, or on the wing. transf. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 175 f 6 Every season brings a new flight of beauties into the world. 10 . A flight-arrow (see 15). 1464 Mann. <$* Househ. Exp. 248 Item, in fflytys ffor my mastyr the sayd day, viij.d. 1540 Act 33 Hen. VIII , c. 9 With any prick shafte or fleight. 1599 P>. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. x, Here be [arrowes] of all sorts, flights, rouers, and butt-shafts, a 1616 Beaum. & Fl. Bonduca 1. i, Not a flight drawn home, .ere made that haste that they have. 1801 T. Roberts Eng. Bowman vi. 151 For very small and light flights, deal seems to be the most eligible [wood]. b. = Flight-shooting. 1557 in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. iif^^r 78 For the best game of the flight, he shall haue a flight of golde of the value of x s. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado 1. i. 40 He set vp his bils here in Messina, and challeng’d Cupid at the Flight. 11 . The husk or glume of oats, oat-chaff. Also, the outer covering of the coffee-berry. 1831 Loudon Encycl. Agric. Gloss, (ed. 2) ^43 Oat flights are the glumes of the oat. 1855 Morton s Cycl. Agric. II. 722 Flights, oat chaff. 12 . Naut. a. = Fly-boat, a Dutch flat-bottomed boat. [?A distinct word = floyty Flute sb.' z ~\ b. (see quot. 1850). 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1776L Fly-boat or Flight, c 1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 118 Flight , a sudden rising, or a greater curve than sheer, as the cheeks, cat-heads, &c. Flight of the transoms , as the ends or arms of the transoms .. become more narrow as they approach the keel, the general figure or curve which they thus describe .. is called the Flight of the Transoms. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Flight, a Dutch vessel or passage-boat on canals. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 190/1 Special care is needed in fixing the lower cant-timbers at their proper heights and ‘ flights * or deviations from the transverse lines. 41-2 FLIGHT. 324 FLIGHTY 13 . In various technical uses. a. Lead-smelting. A light, volatile substance, given off during the melting of lead-ore. 1668 Glanvill in Phil. Trans. II. 771 There is a flight in the smoak, which falling upon the Grass, poysons those Cattel that eat of it. 1710 J. Harris Lex. Techn. II. s. v M In melting the Lead-Oar in the Works at Mendip, there is a Substance flies away in the Smoak which they call the Flight. 1823 in Crabb Techn. Diet. b. Angling. The set of fish-hooks in a spinning- trace. 1865 H. C. Pennell Bk. Pike x. 136 The bait, .[being] placed on the flight, and. .hanging about 2 yards from the top of the rod. 1867 in F. Francis Angling iv. (1880) 106. c. Campanology. The lower part or tail of the clapper of a bell. 1872 Ellacombe Ch. Bells Devon ii. 25 Bells are some¬ times chimed by .. hitching the rope round the flight or tail of the clapper. 1874 Beckett Clocks, Watches < 5 * Bells (ed. 6) 345 The tail F, called the flight, is almost always requisite to make the clapper fly properly. d. Machinery, (see quots.) 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 882 Flight , the slope or inclination of the arm of a crane. Ibid., Flight , a spiral wing or vane on a shaft, acting as a propeller or conveyor. 14 . attrib. and Comb, as flight-pond, -season, -time ; flight-performing ppl. adj. 1784 Cowi'ER Tusk vi. 427 Noblest of the train That wait on man, the *fiight-performing horse. 1801 Daniel Rural Sports II. 475 A decoy for Dun Birds is called a ^flight pond. 1886 Daily News 12 Oct. 3/1 We are just now in the •flight season. 1881 Blackw. Mag. Dec. 749 All repairs . • must be carried on after •flight-time. 15 . Special comb., as flight-arrow, a light and well-feathered arrow for long-distance shooting ; flight-feather, one of the wing-feathers on which a bird depends for its power of flight; + flight- head, ‘a wild-headed person’ (Nares); flight- muscle, one of the muscles by which the wings are worked in flight; f flight-ripe a., fit to fly ; flight-shaft = flight-arrow. Also Flight-shoot¬ ing, shot. 1801 T. Roberts Eng. Bcnvman vi. 153 Roving arrows are much heavier, and ^flight arrows much lighter, than others. 1881 Greener Gun 6 The longest well-authenticated dis¬ tance for shooting with flight-arrows is about 600 yards. 1735 J* Moore Columbarium 35 The nine ^flight Feathers of the Wing. 1890 Coues Field Ornith. 11. iii. 164 The Re- migesj or Flight-Feathers, give the wing its general character. 1605 in Court Times Jas . / (1848) I. 38 Some Popish * flight-heads thinking to do wonders. 1890 W. P. Ball Effects Use Sp Disuse 64 The shortening of the sternum in pigeons is attributed to disuse of the ^flight muscles at¬ tached to it. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xii. i. (Tollem. MS.), Whan hire [the eagle’s] briddes beth *fly3te-ripe sche putted hem oute of hire neste. 1597 Daniel Civ. IVars viii. xv, Brave Falconbridge .. assigned The archers their ^flight-shafts, to shoot away. 1840 Hansard Archery xi. 407 Barely within the range of his lightest flight-shaft. Flight (ftait), sb.- Forms: 3 fluht, fliht, Orm. flihht, vliht, 4 flijt, (fluijt, flyight, flyjt', 4-6 flyght, Sc. flicht, flyeht, (6 flyette), 4- flight. [OE. * fly lit = OS. fluht (Du. vlucht ), OHG. fluht (MHG. vlucht, mod.Ger. flucht) str. fem.OTeut. *ptuhli-z f. weak grade of root *pleuh- to Flee. A parallel form, differing in de¬ clension, is ON. JiStte, the OTeut. type of which would be *plohton- ; the Sw. flykt, Da. flygt are adopted from Ger.] 1 . The action of fleeing or running away from, or as from, danger, etc. ; hasty departure or retreat, also, an absconding. c izoo Ormin 19683 Forr fatt. he wollde Jiurrh hiss flihht Uss mikell fing bitacnenn. c 1275 Lay. 21405 Ne mihte he fliht makie in neuere one side, a 1375 Joseph A rim. 506 J>at luyte mi3te faren him fro and to flui;t founden. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. VIII. xlii. 143 In fycht is mensk, and schame in flyeht. 1526 Tindale Matt. xxiv. 20 Praye that youre flyght be not in the winther. 1591 Shaks. Two Gent. iv. iv. 173 'Twas Ariadne, passioning For Thesus periury, and vniust flight. 1760-72 tr. Juan 4 Ulloas Voy. (ed. 3) II. 344 It was .. after eleven when the Delivrance thus began to seek her safety in flight. 1769 Tjlackstone Comm. IV. 380 For the very flight is an offence, carrying with it a strong presumption of guilt. 1855 1 Stone¬ henge’ Rur..Sports 1. 1. x. (1856) 83 The direction of the Deer’s flight is almost always up-wind. 1882 J. H. Blunt Ref. Ch. Eng. II. 367 Many benefices had become vacant through the flight of the Marian clergy. + b. Abhorrence or avoidance*?/; shrinking/^;;/. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. in. vi. (1495) 53 In the Irascibil is flyghte of contrarye and of euyll. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 766 The emission, .of the Breath by a flight from Titillation. 1651 tr. Bacon's Life $ Death 57 They contract themselves partly by their flight of Vacuum. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 16 The antipathy or flight of others from each other. c. A means of fleeing, way of escape, rare— 1 . 1819 Shelley Cyclops 438 How secure a flight [I have] From your hard servitude. d. Curve of flight: a correlative term to curve ofpursuit', see Curve sb. 1. 1867 Thomson & Tait Nat. Phil. 1 .1. § 40 The remainder of the curve satisfies a modified form of statement of the original question, and is called the Curve of Flight. + e. Sure flight (jocularly): ? one who is able to run away safely. Obs. 1599 Nashe Lenten Stuffe 11 Such, .as were sure flights, (sauing a reuerence of their manhoods) ran crying and com- playning to King Henry the Second. 2 . Phrases: To take flight , f to take (on oneself ) the flight, to betake or + smite oneself to flight , to take to flight , + to set oneself in flight', to flee. + To bring or do on (usually a , o') flight, to put to (f the) flight (or f upon the flight ): to cause to flee. To turn to or f into flight: to cause to flee, in early use also intr . to flee. a 1225 Auer. R. 248 EtstondecS one a}ean )?e ueonde & he de <5 him o fluhte. Ibid. Herdi bileaue bringe 5 J?ene deouel a vlihte anon-rihtes. a 122$ Jit liana 45, I ^at ilke time we higinneS to fleon & turned to fluhte. 1375 Barbour Bruce 11. 267 For it suld he full mekill mycht, That now su’d put thaim to the flyeht. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon ix. 243 Whan they..sawe Reynawde come they smote theym selfe to flyghte. c 1500 Lancelot 3014 ^hone folk sal tak one them the flyeht. 1526 Tindale Heb. xi. 34 Which, .wexed valient in fyght, turned to flyght the armees of the alients. 1625-6 Purchas Pilgrims II. 1128 They presently set themselves in flight, a 1639 Spottiswood Hist. Ch. Scott, iii. (1655) 145 The French..took the flight and retired to the Town. 1745 P. Thomas Jml. Anson's Voy. 207 It was his wisest Course to .. betake himself to flight. 1816 J. Marriott Hymn , ‘ Thou , Whose Almighty word 1 i, Chaos and darkness .. took their flight. 1817 Shelley Rev. Islam vi. xiv. 1 That onset turned the foes to flight almost. 1840 F. D. BeWnet Whaling Voy. I. 258 The remainder .. took to flight when their companions were harpooned. 1849 Grote Greece 11. Ixxiii. (1862) VI. 422 The Persians were put to flight. 3 . Comb., as flight-given, inclined to flee. c i6ix Chapman Iliad 11. 158 What prince .. He found *flight-giv’n, he would restrain with words of gentlest blame. t Flight, sb .3 Obs . [var. ofFLAUGHT sbj (?OE. ^fliht \—*flahti-z).~\ = Flaughtj& 1 a. A flake of snow. b. A violent storm (of snow), c. A turf. 1483 Cat It. Angt. 135/2 A Flyghte of snawe, floccus niueus. 1685 Sewall Diary 9 Nov. (1882) I. 103 Flight of snow. 1780 in T. Hutchinson Diary II. 349 The trees .. covered with snow this morning; afterwards several flights of snow. 1811 W. J. Hooker Iceland {i%i 3) II. 116 A flight of snow had recently fallen. 1847 Halliwell, Flights, turf or peat, cut into square pieces for fuel. t Flight, a. Obs. [f. Flight sbd Cf. Fleet a.] 1 . Swift, fleet, fast-moving. 1581 B. R. tr. Herodotus 69 The most flight and swifte creature that liveth on the earth. 1596 Copley Fig for Fort. 21 So flight is Melancholie to darke disgrace And deadly drowsie to a bright good morrow. 1609 Holland A mm. Marcell, xxvii. x. 321 This man, a certain twofold fortune .. carrying with her flight-wings [L. pr&petibus pinnis\ shewed [etc.]. 1642 H. More Song of Soul 11. in. hi. lix, That courses of unlike extension, .in like time shall be run By the flight starres. b. used as sb. : A swift runner. ? nonce-use. 1579-80 North Plutarch (1657) 28 Young men called Celeres, as we would say, flights, for their swiftnesse and speed in executing of his commandements. 2 . Of oats: Light. (Cf. Flight sb. 1 n). 1797 A. Young Agric. Suffolk 56 The light, called also flight oats, are known only on the poorest sands, and in the fen district. Flight (flait), v. Also 6 Sc. flicht. [f. Flight sbA and 2 .] 1 . trans. To put to flight, rout; hence, to frighten, scare. Obs. exc. dial. 1571 Campion Hist. Irel. n. i. (1633) 63 But Griffin .. flighted the Kyrneghes, and slew Ororick. 1579-80 North Plutarch (1657) 245 Mount Ptoum..from whence the wild Bore came of a sudden that flighted her. 1583 Golding Calvin on Deut. vii. 41 Else .. they should haue bene flighted with the wildernesse which was verie dreadfull. 1603 Harsnet Pop. Impost. 16 To Flight the Deviles from Fulmer. 1848 E. Bronte Wuthering Heights (1858) 29 ‘ And at the end of it to he flighted to death ! ’ he said. fig. 1676 Glanvill Ess. iv. 34 Therefore [philosophy] is to be flighted [7 mispr. for slighted], and exploded among Christians. + 2 . intr. To fluctuate, change. Obs. Sc. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xxiv. 6 This warld evir dois flicht and wary. 3 . + a. To migrate; = Flit, Fleet (obs.). b. Of wild fowl : To fly in flights. 1604 Middleton Witch iii. iii, Prepare to flight then : I’ll over-take you swiftly. [But flight may here he the sb?\ 1752 Scotland's Glory 5 The followers of John divine In Scotland when they flighted, And published here the Gospel news. 1879 R. Lubbock Fauna of Norfolk 117 If undis¬ turbed .. they [snipe] merely flight for a few minutes morning and evening. 1891 Ld. Houghton Stray Verses, In Winter 11 The wildfowl flighting from the lake Wheel high. 4 . trans. To set flying, start in flight. To flight off-, to start off in flights, send away in flights. 1823 Neiv Monthly Mag. - Wl. 123 The superabundant population may he flighted off to the lunar region. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss., ‘Aa’ll flight ye pigeons for a shillin’.’ 5 . To shoot (wildfowl) in flight. 1892 Cortih. Mag. Aug. 155 Wildfowlers know this habit well, and * flighting’, or shooting them as they go and come, is a favourite method of procuring wild ducks. 6. To feather (an arrow). 1869 Boutell Arms <$* A rm. ii. 34 The arrows, which had iron tips, were flighted with feathers. 1890 C. Dixon Stray Feathers ii. 20 The stiff quill feathers, .are used by savages to flight their arrows. Flight, var. of Flite. Flighted (flouted), ppl. a. [f. Flight sb . 1 + -ed 2.] 1 . Having a certain flight or speed. Only in drowsy-fl ighted. 1634 Milton Counts 553 The drousy-flighted steeds, That draw the litter of close-curtain’d sleep. 2 . Provided with feathers, feathered. 1735 J- Moore Columbarium 35 The nine flight Feathers of the Wing ought to be White, otherwise he [the Powter] is said to be foul flighted. 1889 Elvin Did. Her., Flighted applied to an arrow denotes that it is feathered. Flighter (ffortai). Brewings [?f. Flight + -er. 1 V Orig. = ‘ wing *; cf. Flichter z/. 2 ] (See quot.) 1825 Jamieson Sufpl., Flichters, that part of the Fanners which raises the wind. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 882 Flighter, a horizontal vane revolving over the surface of wort in a cooler, to produce a circular current in the liquor. t Fli ghtful, a . Obs. [f. Flight sb . + -ful.] 1 . Fleeting, transitory, fugitive. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. xxx. 7 His owne flightfull and tottering felicitie. 1587 — De Mornay xxvii. (1617) 479 A light and flightfull ioy. 2 . Producing flight; cowardly. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. xm. (1626) 254 Vlysses .. Whose flightfull feare did Hector’s flames abhor 3 . Well-adapted for flight. 1580 Sidney Ps. cxxxix. v, O Sun. .Suppose thy lightfull, flightfull wings Thou lend to me. Flightily (ffoi tili), adv. [f. Flighty + -ly 2 .] In a nighty manner. 1780 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 8 June I. 394 She seemed flightily gay. 1874 Green Short Hist. ix. § 3. 627 Buck¬ ingham talked flightily about bringing the army to London. Flightiness (flai’tines). [f. as prec. + -ness.] The quality or state of being flighty; giddy capri¬ ciousness, fickleness or whimsicainess. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) II. i. 9 If my manner does not divert you, as my flightiness used to do. 1857 Maurice Ep. St. John xiv. 216 There is a flightiness about our talk as if we disdained the earth. Flighting (flaitig), vbl. sb. [f. Flight v. + -ing h] The action of the vb. Flight j in quots. = Flight shooting. 1815 Col. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 132 Warren Farm has excellent flighting when the wind is from S. to W. 1882 Sir R. Payne Gallwey Fowler in Irel. 30 Admirable early flighting may be enjoyed on the inland ponds. Flightless (forties), a. [f. Flight sbJ + -lessJ Incapable of flying : said of birds. 1875 tr. Schmidt's Desc. <$• Darw. 186 The scanty hut wide-spread remains of the order of flightless birds. 1889 A. R. Wallace Darwinism 145 The origin of so many flight¬ less and rather bulky birds in oceanic islands. Fli’ght-shooting, vbl . sb. [f. Flight sb . 1 + Shooting vbl. j^.] 1 . Archery. Distance-shooting with flight-arrows. 1801 T. Roberts Eng. Bowman x. 237 Flight-shooting takes its appellation from the flight , or light arrows used in this game : which is shot without regard to mark, or fixed distance. .The greatest possible distance is the only object. 1875 Siiarfe in Encycl. Brit. II. 377/2 ‘Flight’ and ‘ clout ’ shooting has ceased. 2 . Shooting wildfowl as they fly over. 1840 Blaine Encycl. Rural Sports xu. iv. §2750 Flight¬ shooting. 1859 Folkard Wild-Fozvler liii. 276 The term * flight-shooting ’ signifies shooting wild-fowl at evening twilight as they fly overland from the sea [etc.]. attrib. 1859 F olkard Wild-Fowler liii. 279 A flight¬ shooting excursion. So ni glit-shooter. 1859 Folkard Wild-Fowler liii. 276 The flight-shooter waits in ambush behind an embankment. Fli ght-shot. Also 6-7 flight-shoot, [f. Plight sb . 1 + Shot j/;.] 1 . The distance to which a flight-arrow is shot, a bow-shot. 1455 Poston Lett. No. 257 I. 351 And so he dede till he was a flyte shote or more from his place. 1538 Leland Itin. (1744) IV. 41 The passage into it at ful Se is a flite Shot over, as much as the Tamise is above the Bridge. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. 23 This hill lyeth South of the mines .. and about three flight-shots remoued. 1625 J. Taylor (Water P.) Thiefe Wks. (1630) 11. 119/2 Some two flight-shoot to th’ Alehouse he did wag. #1697 Aubrey Nat. Hist. Surrey (1719) I. 46 A Brook .. riseth four Mile off in a Cellar; and a Flight-shot off drives a Mill. 1852 Hawthorne Blithedale Rom. xviii, Far as her flight-shot was, those arrows hit the mark. fig. 1647 Ward Simp. Cobler 29 Such as. .follow fashions . a flight shot or two off. 1704 Swift T. Tub vi. 86 Jack was already gone a flight-shot beyond his patience. 2 . A shot taken at wildfowl in flight. 1887 Rye Norfolk Broads 100 In the hope of getting a flight shot at duck or plover. Flighty (ffoi-ti), a . [X Flight sb . 1 + -y J.] 1 . Swift, quick, fleet, rare. 1552 Huloet, Flighty, pernix. 1605 Shaks. Mach. iv. i. 145 The flighty purpose neuer is o’re-tooke Vnlesse the deed go with it. 1856 Lowell Lett. (1894) I. 257 My journey thither was sudden and flighty. b. ? nonce-use. = P'leeling. 1850 Browning Christmas Eve vi. 26 Another rainbow rose, .fiushier and flightier. 2 . Givento flightsof imagination, humour,caprice, etc.; guided by whim or fancy rather than by judge¬ ment orsettledpurpose; fickle,frivolous,inconstant. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. AW. (1852) 1 .592 The flighty gambols of chance are objects of no science, nor grounds of any dependence whatever, a 1774 Goldsm. New Simile 20 With wit that’s flighty. 1801 Mar. Edgeworth Angelina ii. (1832) 17, I believe by her flighty airs, she is upon no good errand. 1848 Mill Pol. Econ. 1. vii. § 5 The effect .. of flighty, unsteady habits upon the energy and continuity of their work. 1878 Mrs. H. Wood Pomeroy Ab. I. 88 Her own maid, a flighty, gossiping damsel. FLIM-FLAM. 325 FLINDER. b. Of a horse: Skittish. 1828 Sporting Mag. XXIII. 106 The management of a Flighty Horse in his exercise or sweat. 3 . Of weak or disordered intellect, crazy, light-headed. Also absol. 1802 Beddoes Hygeia III. 15 To protect the insane or flighty against their [relations'] rapacity. 1820 W. Irving Skctch-bk. (1859) 34 This was one point on which he always remained flighty. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. iv. (1879) 74 The poor flighty gentleman looked quite dolorous. Fligm(e, obs. form of Phlegm. Flim. nonce-wd. [Cf. next.] =Flam sb.' 3. •825 I. Wilson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 I. 5 The rest is a sham.And all that comes after a flim and a flam. Flim-flam (fli'mfltem), sb. and a. Also 6 ? flym flawe. [One of the many onomatopceic reduplications expressive of contempt; cf. fidfad , skimble-skamble, whimwham. Possibly based on a Scandinavian word which may have existed in some Eng. dialects; cf. ON. flim a lampoon, flimska mockery, Jlimta to flout.] A. sb. 1 . A piece of nonsense or idle talk ; a trifle, a conceit. Cf. Flam sb. 1 2. 1546 J. Heywood Prow. (1867) 19 She maketh earnest matters of euery flymfiam. 1589 Pap pc w. Hatchet E ij b, Trusse vp thy packet of flim flams, & roage to some countrey Faire, or read it among boyes in the belfrie. a 1634 Ran¬ dolph Poems, To Mem. Brother-in-Law (1681) B ivb, Such jig-like flim-flams being got to make The Rabble laugh. 1885 L'pool Daily Post 11 May 8/7 Grossmith .. crowds his picture with all kinds of flim-flams of the drawing-room. 2 . A paltry attempt at deception ; a contemptible trick or pretence; a piece of humbug. Cf. Flam * 6 - x 3 - . CX538 in State Papers (1834) II. iii. 552 He and his fel- lawes were sent hither .. but for a flim flawe to stoppe the ymagination of the Kynge and Counsaile in that behalf. x 573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 14 He gave me this flim flam, that I had persuadid him sumwhat. 1600 Holland Livy vi. xvi. (1609) 227 The Dictatour commanded him to leave off these foolish flimflams & trifling shifts. 1673 Cow¬ ley Cutter Coleman St. iv. iv, I’ll ha’ none of his Flim¬ flams, and his May-be’s. 1805 D’Israeli (title), Flim-Flams, or the Life and Errors of my Uncle. 1880 Disraeli Endym. xci, All these habitual flim-flams are, in general, the airy creatures of inaccuracy and exaggeration. 3 . collect. Nonsense, rubbish; humbug, deception. # c 1570 Marr. Wit <$• Science 11. i, A longe tale of a man in the moone, With such a circumstaunce and such flym- flam. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones xvm. xii, 1 tell thee ’tis all flimflam. 1890 W. A. Wallace Only a Sister xxx i. They may be the wanderings of his dotage, and flim-flam after all. 4 . The action of ‘flim-flamming ’; in quot. attrib . 1894 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 2 May qh She notified the police, but the flim-flam artist was far away. Ibid. 17 Nov. 9/7 His success in the ‘ flim-flam’ game. B. adj. [Developed from an attrib. use of the sb.; cf. Fancy a.] Frivolous, idle, vain, non¬ sensical ; also, deceptive, fictitious, sham. 1577-87 Holinshed Citron. II. 14/1 His slanderous reports are vnderpropt with flim-flam surmises. 1631 Mabbe Celcs- tina 1.12 She will tell you a thousand flim-flam tales. 1685 Crowne Sir C. Nice 111. Dram. Wks. 1874 III. 300 Do you think I regard your flimflam story o’ the church? 1886 Elworthy IV. Somerset Word-bk ., Don’t thee tell up no such flim-flam stuff, else nobody ont never harky to thee. Flim-flam (flrmfloem), v. [f. prec. sb.] traits. + a. To humbug, to beguile into (something), b. US. To cheat (a person) out of (money) ‘while he is making change for a bill, by distracting or confusing him, so that he pays out more than the proper sum’ {Stand. Diet.). 1660 Fisher Rustick's Alarm Wks. (1679) 307 None but Fools wilt by thy flood of Words be flim-flam'd into thy Faith. 1890 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 26 July, Sent [to jail], .for flimflaming a. .saloon-keeper out of some money. Hence Flim-flammer. 1894 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 31 Jan., The New York fiim-flammers and green goods men .. are still out of the clutches of the United Secret Service. Flim-flam-flirt. [Cf. Flim-flam and Flam- flirt.] A nonsensical speech, a gibe. 1573 Twyne JEtteid x. Ddiij, Flimflam flirts [thou] out throwst at them that nothing care. + Fli miner. Obs. [? f. Flim-(flam) sb. or v. + -erI.] ?A chatter-box, gossip. 1515 Barclay Egloges m. 145 Rural flinnners, and other of our sort. .They chat, they bable. Flimmer (fli'mai), v. rare. [Onomatopoeic; cf. glimmer, flicker and Gev.Jlimmern.] intr. To bum unsteadily. 1880 Webb Goethe's Faust iv. xix, Upwards the lamp’s eternal light doth flimmer. Flinip (11 imp), v. slang. [Cf. WFlem. flimpe knock, slap in the face.] trails. To rob in a certain manner (see quot.). X839 Brandon PoveHy , Mendicity *5- Crime 111 (Farmer) To take a man’s watch is to flimp him, it can only be done in a crowd, one gets behind and pushes him in the back, while the other in front is robbing him. 1862 Cornh. Mag. Nov. 651 We are going a flimping, buzzing, cracking [etc.]. ITence Flimp sb. (see quot. 1857); FlUmping vbl. sb. Also Fli mper, one who llimps. 1857 ‘Ducange Anglicus’ Vulg. Tongue 8 Putting on the flimp. Garotte robbery. 1862 H. Kingsley Ravenshoe III. xi. 180 What with flimping, and with cly-faking...‘ Flimping’ is a style of theft which 1 have never practised. Flimsify(flimzifoi\z>. nonce-wd. [f. Flimsy a. + -fy.] traits. To render ilimsy. 1838 Blackw. Mag. XLIV. 533 Mysticism, which flimsifies religion .. into transcendental sentimentalities. Flimsily (flrmzili), adv. [f. Flimsy + -ly -.] In a flimsy manner. 1787 Minor 159 How flimsily the contractor. .had executed his plans. <11797 Walpole Mem. Geo. II (1847) II. ii. 54 Then ensued a variety of the different manners of speaking ill. Potter flimsily [etc.]. 1863 E. Fitz Gerald Lett. (1880) I. 292 Certainly I looked very flimsily at all. 1888 Harper s Mag. July 215 The work was done cheaply and flimsily. Flimsiness (fli'mzines). [f. Flimsy a. + -ness.] The quality of being flimsy. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. <21763 Shenstone Ess. Writing an Ivan- ovitch 224 Gnaw through me, through and through: flat thus I lie nor flinch b. To blench : see Blench v . 1 2 and 6. 1883 tr. Stepniak's Undcrgr. Russia Introd. 11. iii. 43 He.. can die without flinching. 1884 W. C. Smith Kildrostan 93 Serpents, .charm you with a gaze that will not flinch. 4 . quasi -trails. To withdraw from, lose (one’s ground). Also, To flinch the flagon : to let the bottle pass. To flinch one's glass : to avoid empty¬ ing it. + To flinch (back) one's hand to draw it back ; in quot .fig. to intermit one’s activity. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk Selv. 75 If Nature should but flinch back her hand, or the world that is round about it should hut he pluckt away from it. 1712 Arbuthnot John Bull iii. vi, Lewis .. either by the strength of his brain, or flinching his glass, kept himself sober as a judge. 1790 Burns Election Ball, xiv, Welsh who ne’er yet flinch’d his ground. 1838 James Robber i, You flinched the flagon. Hence Fli*nching vbl. sb., Flinch sb., the action of flinching. 1600 Holland Livy xlii. 1127 This flinching of his and absenting himselfe. 1817 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. LXXXIII. 498 That unwelcome flinch which the touch of egotism gives to benevolence. 1845 Hood True Story xiv, A recollection strong enough To cause a very serious flinch¬ ing. 1862 in A. E. Lee Hist. Columbus (1892) I. 741 Mr. Rarey .. leaped over its head, laid [«'c] down upon it, and within its legs, all without a start or a flinch. 1879 Froude Caesar xvii. 277 There was no flinching and no cowardice. t Flinch, v 2 Obs. [ Cf. Flip, Flirt.] (Sec quot.) Hence Fli nching vbl.sb. x 7 2 7 3 ^ Bailey, Flinching, .also a flirting the Nail of the Middle-finger slapped from the Thumb. 1735 Dyche & Pardon, Flinch, .also to strike or cut the Flesh by a Stroke with the Nail of the middle Finger. Flinch (flinj), v.Z Naut. [possibly identical in etymology with Flinch v.* ; cf. Flanch.] trails. To bevel; = Snape v. 1867 in Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s.v. Snape . Flinch, var. of Flench v. Flincher (flrnjoi). [f. Flinch vA + -eh h] 1 . One who hangs back or gives way, esp. at a crisis or in time of danger, etc.; one who shrinks from (an undertaking, etc.). 1598 Florio, Taccognatore .. a conycatcher, a micher, a flincher, a paltrer. 1609 Bp. W. Barlow Ans7v. Name¬ less Cath. 272 All the flinchers that forsooke him. 1664 H. More Ep. 7 Churches iv. (1669) 51 That sharp repre¬ hension of Flinchers from the Faith. 1760 C. Johnston Chrysal II. n. xiv, I am no flincher; I never say aye when I mean no. a 1834 Lamb Final Mem. ix. Wks. (1865) 295 In society, as in politics, he was no flincher. Iransf. 1631 Cclcstina xvm. 180 Gold and Silver will not tarry with mee; they are flinchers. 2 . One who passes the bottle; one who abstains from drinking. 1549 Cover da le, etc. Erasm. Par. Jas. i. 27 He is counted a flyncher that foloweth sohrietie. a 1668 Davenant Siege v. Dram. Wks. 1873 IV. 427 What! a flincher? Quaff it off, Mulciber. <11748 C. Pitt Ep. to Mr. Spence 94 The sot..Swears at the flinchers who refuse their glass. 1826 Disraeli Viv . Grey v. iv, A German student is no flincher at the bottle. Flinching (fli njit]),///. . 1736 Pegge Kenticisms, Flinder, a butterfly. 1887 in Kent Gloss. Flinder (fli'ndo.i), zO Sc. rare—', [f. Flin- DER(s sb.] trails. To break into flinders or pieces. 1871 P. H. Waddell Ps. x. is Flinder ye the arm o' the ill-doers. Ibid. xlvi. 9 He flinders the bow. Fli'nder, vS Sc. [Cf. Flemish vlindcrcn, l.G.flindem to flutter, fly away.] (See quot.) 1808-80 Jamieson, To Flinder , to flirt, to run about in a fluttering manner; also applied to cattle, when they break through inclosures, and scamper through the fields. FLINDER-MOUSE. 326 FLING. Flinder-mouse (flrndaqmaus). Obs. exc. dial. [f. Flinder sb. or v . 2 + Mouse.] A bat. Cf. Flicker-, Flitter-mouse. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 11 2 The flyndermows [Du. die vledermuys] and the wezel. 1565 B. Googe Zodiac of Life ix. HH iiij b, Large wings on him did growe, Framde like the wings of Flinder-mice. 1592 Chettle Kind-Harts Dr. (1841)21 Blinde flinder-mise. 1624 Bargrave Serai. 6 An eunuch strooke a flinder-mouse in an elder tree. 1736 Pegge Kenticisms, Flinder mouse, a bat. 1875 in Sussex Gloss . Flinders (fli'ndajz), sb. pi. rarely sing. Forms 1 5 -6 Sc. flend(e)ris, -ers, 9 Sc. {sing, and //.) flin- ner(s, 8- flinders, [cf. mod.Norw .flindra thin chip or splinter, Du .flenter fragment.] Fragments, pieces, splinters. Chiefly in phrases, as to break or Jly iii(to flinders . Cf. Flitters. c 1450 Golagros <$• Gaw. 915 Thair speris in the feild in flendris gart ga. a 1550 Christis Kirke Gr. ix. The bow in flenders flew. 1776 C. Keith Farmer's Ha'' in Chambers /V/. Rooms Scotl. (1862) 32 He’ll their doors to flinders toss. 1808 J. Mayne Siller Gun 11.129 At length she [his gun] bounced out-ower a tree, In mony a flinner. 1840 Browning Sordelio vi. 437 Flinders enrich the strand, and veins the rock. 1847 Kingsley Poems, New Forest Ballad 30 The metal good and the walnut wood Did soon in flinders flee. 1786 Burns On a Scotch Bardv , 'Twill mak her poor auld heart.. In flinders flee. 1878 Mrs. Stowe Poganuc P. iii. 27 Parson Cushing could knock that air [discourse] all to flinders. b. transf. Pieces, scraps. 1869 Greenwood Seven Curses ii. 19 Her draggletail flinders of lace and ribbon. Fline, obs. var. of flown : see Fly. Fling (dig), sb. [f. next vb.] 1 . An act of flinging or throwing; a cast, throw. 1589 R. Harvey PI. Perc. 10 Why may not we haue one cast in his Orchard, and a fling at his Medlar tree? 1856 K\SEu 4 rct. Exfl. I. xxix. 391 In spite of the powerful flings which they were subjected to in the fight, not a dog suffers seriously. 2 . fig. (Chiefly in phrase to have a fling at.) a. A passing attempt at or attack upon something, b. A sarcastic remark thrown out in passing; a gibe, scoff. 1550 Bale Apot. 142/1 Not one kynge hath bene in Eng- lande..but they [monks] haue..had theyr false flynges at him. a 1592 Greene Selimiis Wks. 1881-3 XIV. 290 Wee’ll have a fling at the ./Egyptian crowne. 1601 Hol¬ land Pliny II. xxxvii. iii. 609, I meane. .to haue a fling at Magicians for their abhominable lies. 1659 D. Pell lmgr. Sea 174 Will you not have one fling at Spain, .before you dye? 1727 A. Hamilton New Acc. E. I?id. I. xiii. 148 He left his Estate to two Grandsons. .But the Court had a Fling at them, and got above a Million Sterl. of their Estate. 1741 Richardson Pamela (1824) I. 117 He has had a taste of your satirical flings. 1760 C. Johnston Chrysal (1822) II. 10 A fling at the clergy never fails to raise a laugh. 1878 Spurgeon Scrm. XXIV. 356 These also have their fling against the Gospel. 3 . A hasty, reckless, or wanton movement, a rush. lit. and fig. At one fling', at one movement or impulse. Full fling', with haste or force, im¬ petuously, violently. Now rare. 1556 J. Hkywood Spider fy F. i. 33 In at a lattes hole.. Euen at a fling, fast flew there in a flie. 1575 Gascoigne Pr. Pleas. Kenilw. 11. v, My willing feete, which fet these hastie frisking flings, c 1590 Seer. Mem. Earl Leicester (1706) 114 With many other Fetches Flings and P'riskes besides. 1614 T. Adams Diuells Banket iv. 183 A man that hath taken his careere, and runnes full fling to a place, cannot recoile himselfe. 1621 Fletcher Wild Goose Chase iv. i, Now ye see what your flings are, and your fancies. 1641 Brome Jovial Crew 11. i, Shall we make a fling to London? 1650 B. Discolliminium 35 She would start from Newcastle to Michaels mount at one fling. 4 . A flinging about of the body or limbs. a. A dance in which the arms and legs are moved with great vigour, esp. in the Highlandfling. 1806 P. Neill Tour i, We saw the Highlanders, .dancing the fling to the music of the bagpipe. 1824 Scott St. Ronatis vi, Dancing the highest Highland fling. 1845 Hood Last Man xxiii, He. .danced me a saucy fling. b. A violent movement, a plunge ; of a horse: A kicking or throwing out the hind legs. Also Sc. fig. of persons: To take the flingfs : ‘ to become unmanageable’ (Jam.), to become fitful or ill- humoured. a 1568 Fleming Ball, evill Wyffis viii. in Bannatyne Poems (1770) 227 Quhen his wyfe taks the fling. 1719 Hamilton Ep. to Ramsay 24 Aug. vii., Gin we ettle anes to taunt her, And dinna cawmly thole her banter, She’ll tak the flings. 1826 H. N. Coleridge West Indies 126 The furious jerks and flings which he [the shark] made. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. vi, ‘ If dat ar gen’lman’s crittur [a horse] should gib a fling.’ c. fig. Freedom from constraint in one’s bearing; ‘dash’. 1871 Geo. Eliot Middlem. I. 11. xiii. 218 About his ordi¬ nary bearing there was a certain fling, a fearless expectation of success, a confidence in his own powers. 5 . A fit or spell of unrestrained indulgence of one’s impulses. To have one s fling : usually, to abandon oneself to pleasure until the impulse is satisfied. 1827 Barrington Pers. Sk. II. 435 They took care pre¬ viously to have their fling. 1840 E. Howard Jack Ashore III. iii, From this morning may Jack's fling of extravagance be dated. 1849 Thackeray Pendennisxxxix, I should like to have my fling out before I marry. 1857 Hughes Tom Brown 11. ii. (1871) 230 During this hour or hour-and-a*half he used to take his fling. 1864 Tennyson Aylmer's F. 399 Give me my fling, and let me say my say. 6. In various uses. a. The length of netting which may be made on the mesh-pin at a time. 1780 A. Young Tour Ircl. 1. 153 Weaving the nets id. a yard for one fling, or 63 meshes deep. b. A number (of oxbirds) Hying in company. 1859 Folkard Wildfowling lx. 316 The whole fling [of ox- birds] every now and then presents the identical appearance of a beautiful silver cloud. 1875 ‘ Stonehenge ' Brit. Sports 1. i. § 1 A ‘ fling ’ of oxbirds. + c. used to express : A thing of no importance. a 1661 Fuller Worthies, Barke-Shire (1662)84 England were but a fling, Save for the crooked stick and the gray- goose-wing. 7 . attrib. and Comb., as fling period (sense 5); fling-brain, a person of flighty and hasty cha¬ racter ; so f fling-brained a. 1554 in Foxe A. II. (1583) II. 1459/1 A sort of flyng- braines and light heads, which were neuer constant in any one thyng. 1576 Newton Lemnie's Complex. (1633) 159 Their fickle heads, and flingbrained wits be easily allured and drawne into folly. 1885 Athenaeum 24 Jan. 117/1 Chopin. .came when the fling period was drawing to an end. Fling (fliij), v. Pa.t. and pa.pple. flung (fltfg). Forms: Inf. 4-6 flyng(e, 5 flenge, 4- fling. Pa. t. 4-8 (9 dial.) flang, 4-7 flong, (4 flonc), 6 floong, 4- flung. Pa. pple. 6-7 flong, 7 flang, 7- flung, [app. closely related to ON .flengja, MSw. fldngia, MDa .flxnge to flog (mod.Icel .flengja, Sw .fldnga, Da. flange , also intr. to move impetuously). As the E. verb is recorded only as strong, it is difficult to regard it as adopted from the Scand. wk. vb. ; it may represent a prehistoric ON. *flinga , of which flengja is a derivative.] I. intr. 1 . To move with haste or violence from or to¬ wards an object; to go or run violently or hastily ; to dash, rush. 1300 K. Alis. 1165 Messangeris conne flyng, Into the halle byfore the kyng. c 1330 Arth. Merl. 3916 J>e hors of baundoun lete }?ai frem & come flingand wij? al her men. c 1435 Torr. Portugal 378 He fled a wey, ase he were.wod, Elyngyngase afynd. 1556 J. Heywood Spider < 5 * F. iv. 15 Full furiouslie he flang Towarde the flie. 1579 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 88 There staying his words, he flang out of the dores. 1579-80 North Plutarch (1676) 541 Posts came flinging to him from the Realm of Pqntus. 1599 Sandys Europae Spec. (1637)218 Unnaturall and rebellious Children, who have flung out of the Church. 1725 Pope Odyss. xxii. 334 Confus’d, distracted, thro’ the rooms they fling. 1796 Stedman Surinam I. i. 20, I .. angrily flung into the apart¬ ment. 1830 Galt Laurie T. vi. i. (1849) 253 He flung from me like a whirlwind. 1855 Motley Dutch Rep. 11. ii. (1866) 146 Granville, .flung from the council-chamber. 1894 Hall Caine Manxman 1 . i. 3 His son had flung out of the room. b. with adverbs, as away, forth, off, out, etc. c 1300 K. Alis. mi Alisaundres folk forth gon flyng, Fyve hundred in a rynge. Ibid. 5892 [They] Breken there the wal adoun; And in flunge in litel stounde. 1588 Greene Pandosto (1887) 25 With that he flung away from his sonne in a rage. 1620 Shelton Quixote I. iii. iv. 142 Don Quixote .. did fling up and down among the sheep. 1633 Bp- Hall Hard Texts 256 Do not venture to fling out from him as in a fury. 1712 Arbuthnot John Bull 1. ix, Signior flang away out of the house in great disorder. 1836 Irving Astoria 66 He concluded by flinging off from the party. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. viii, The Chancellor .. flung away in a rage. c. Of a missile or weapon : To be sent or driven forcibly or swiftly. <71300 K. Alis. 2749 Thorugh the heorte the launce flang. 1632 Women's Rights 333 They [the keys] flang out at the chamber window. 1856 Mrs. Browning Aurora Leigh ix. 934 ,1 flung closer to his breast, As sword that, after battle, flings to sheath. + 2 . To make an onset or attack. Obs. a. To fling together: to close in fight; to engage in hand-to-hand contest. c 1300 K. A lis. 6084 Bothe perty flang togedre. c 1380 Sir Fcrumb. 674 WiJ> [>e strokes [?at \>ia frekes slente flyngande to-gader in fi^te, Hur helmes & haberions [>ay to-rente. 1470-85 Malory Arthur ix. vi. 347 They., drewe theire swerdes and flange to gyders as wood men. b. To aim a stroke or blow (at) ; to hit out. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 583 So Jfikke he smot to Olyuer as he mi3te flynge. c 1400 Rowland <5* O. 830 Kyng Clariell .. flynges owte full fersely. c 1400Destr. Troy 5253 He. .flang at hym fuersly with a fyne swerde. 3 . Of a horse or other animal: To kick and plunge violently, 'to fly into violent and irregular motions ’ (J.), to be unruly or restive. Also with about, out. 1375 Barbour Bruce v 1 .143 He stekit the hors, and he can flyng. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. clxii. 198 The horses whan they felt y° sharpe arowes .. flang and toke on so feersly, that many of them fell on their maisters. 1579 Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 44 A Colt, giue him the bridle, he flinges about; raine him hard, and you may rule him. 1605 Shaks. Macb. 11. iv. 16 Duncans Horses. .Turn'd wilde in nature, broke their stalls, flong out, Contendingjgainst Obedience. 1694 R. L'Estrange Fables ccxxxvii. The same Humour of Kicking and Flinging at the Servant, took him again next Morning. 1815 Scott Ld. of Isles v. xxxi, The startling horses plunged and flung. 1862 in A. E. Lee Hist. Columbus I. 742 A good-natured .. slap, at which the animal ‘flung out' like a trip-hammer. b. similarly of persons. Also, to fling out : to break out into angry invective or complaint. 1531 Elyot Gov. i. ii, Where they [the communes], .refuse to be brydled, they flynge and plunge: and if they ones throwe downe theyr gouernour [etc.]. 1575 J. Still Gamm. Gurton iv. ii, There is the thing, That Hodge is so offended, that makes him starte and flyng. a 1605 Montgomerie Ilisc. Poems vii. 20 The mair thou flings, the faster is the net. a 1694 Tillotson Scrm. 2 Pet. iii. 3 Wks. 1735 I. 29 Their consciences are galled .. this makes them winch and fling as if they had some mettle, a 1701 Sedley Poems Wks. 1722 I. 19 She like a wounded Otter flings and Rails. 1886 Payn Luck of Darrells vii, I had rather she had flung out at me, as many a woman would do, than taken it as she did. 4 . Sc. To caper, dance. (Cf. Fling sb. 4.) 1528 Lyndesay Dreme Epist. 12 Sumtyme, in dansing, feiralie I flang. a 1572 Knox Hist. Ref. iv. (1644) 374 They would have wished their Sonnes and Daughters rather .. to have been exercised in flinging upon a Floore .. then [etc.]. 1790 Burns Tam o' Shantcri6i Rigwoodie hags wad spean a foal, Louping an’ flinging on a crummock. II. trans. 5 . To throw, cast, toss, hurl. Frequently with adverbs, as about, aside, away, by, out, up, etc. 1375 Barbour Bruce xvi. 651 Fie evin apon his bak hym flang And with hym till the bat can gang, c 1420 Pallad. on Hush. 1. 550 Fitches flynge Afore hem ofte. 1565 Golding Ovid's Met. viii. (1593) 195 The bore .. grunting flang his fome about. 1577 Stanyhurst Desc. Ircl. in Holinshed Citron. VI. 43 He floong them all in the fire. 1587 Fleming Contn . Holinshed III. 1290/1 The boy there vpon flang vp his garland. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, iv. viii. 15 Who loues the King .. Fling vp his cap. 1607 — Cor. 11. i. 279 Matrons flong Gloues .. Vpon him. a 1608 Sir F. Vere Comm. 8 They flang away their arms. 1647 C. Harvey School of Heart xxxiv. 44 The door’s flung off the hooks, the floor’s unlay’d. c 1665 Mrs. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1846) 243 Which, when the governor read over, he flung by. 1711 Budgell Sped. No. 77 P 9 He writes a Letter, and flings the Sand into the Ink-bottle. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 237 He vvas dressed in long robes of white .. muslin, one end of which was flung over his head. 1842 Tennyson Lady Clare 40 Pull off, pull off, the brooch of gold, And fling the diamond necklace by. 1887 Bowen Virg. AEncid 11. 147 The King Bids them .. aside his manacles fling. b. To throw with violence or hostile intent; to hurl as a missile. To fling down : to throw to the ground. 1375 Barbour Bruce xvii. 645 Ledderis to the ground thai flang. C1500 Maid Emlyn in Anc. Poet. Tracts (Percy Soc.) 15 And if her husbande said ought, Loke what she sonest cought, At his heed she wolde it flynge. 1558 Phaer AEneid vi. Rij, Ioue almighty than, a. firy dart on him down flang. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI,y. i. 51, I had rather chop this Hand off at a blow, And with the other, fling it at thy face. 1622 Drayton Poly-olb. xxii. (1748) 350 His approved men. .flang out such a flight Of shafts. 1700 S. L. tr. Ftyke's Voy. E. Did. 159, I .. flung him upon his back. 1706 E. Ward Hud. Rediv. 1 .11. 11 Eling dirt enough, and some will stick. 1825 J. Neal Bro. Jonathan I. 263 He tore off his jacket .. went up to Carter, and flung it in his face. 1879 Froude Csesar xvii. 280 They .. flung darts carrying lighted straw over the ramparts. fig. 1713 Addison Cato 1. i, I know thy generous Temper well; Fling but th’ Appearance of Dishonour on it, It strait takes Fire. 1781 CowrER Convers. 153 Their nimble nonsense .. Flings at your head conviction in a lump. 1840 Carlyle Heroes ii. (1858) 234 These thoughts of his, flung-out un¬ shaped. 1883 Manch. Exam. 29 Nov. 5/2 We are .. not prepared to fling harsh words at any who do not at this moment agree with us. c. absol. To throw or aim a missile at. 1635 Quarles Embl. 1. vii. 5 While death, that flings at all, Stands arm’d to strike thee down, a 1721 Prior Cloe Hunting 20 I and my Cloe take a nobler Aim : At human Hearts we fling, nor ever miss the Game. 1726 Shelvocke Voy. round IVorld (1757) 132 They say they are sure of any¬ thing they fling at [with a lasso]. d. said of the sea, waves, wind, etc. 1684 Burnet Th. Earth 1. vi. 75 Suppose a. .heap of Rocks to fall. .these would expel the waters out of their places with such a..violence as to fling them among the highest Clouds. 1781 Cowper Expostulation 273 The waves that .. fling their foam against thy chalky shore. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. II. 146 This spring .. is found to fling out about twenty-one tons of water in a minute. 1887 Bowen Virg. Eel. vii. 42 More cheap than the seaweed flung on the shore. e. To throw (dice) from the box. Also absol. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 423 Whole Armies then as truly having their lives played, as ever any private Souldier had, when condemned to fling for his. <21700 Dryden (J.) ’Tts fate that flings the dice. 1712 Addison Sped. No. 543 p 4 If one should always fling the same number with ten thousand dice. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. ii, I only wanted to fling a quatre and yet I threw deuce-ace five times. 6. refl. To throw oneself; = sense 1. 1700 S.L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 321 A steep Rock ; whence..the late King of Sittawack’s Wife and Daughter flung themselves down headlong. 1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms n. 75 He flings himself down on his rocky tomb. 1829 Lytton Devcreux 1. iii, I flung, myself into his arms and wept. 1874 Green Short Hist. ii. § 6. 87 William flung himself, .into the first boat he found. b. fig. To fling oneself, one's energies, etc. into or upon : to enter upon vigorously, take up with impetuous energy, abandon oneself to. Also, To fling oneself upon (a person): to confide oneself unreservedly to. 1842 Miss Mitford in L’Estrange Life III. ix. 144 If they [Whigs] had flung themselves upon the people heartily and honestly, they might have set the Tories at defiance. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. IX. xx. vii. 130 Goltz. .honestly flings himself upon his task. 1874 Green Short Hist. ii. § 7. 100 [He] returned to fling himself into the life the young nobles of the time. 1880 M c Carthy Own Times III. xxxv. iii She had flung all her energies into the rebellion. 7 . To extend (one’s arms) with a sudden move- FLINT. FLING. ment; transf. of a plant, etc. Also, to kick up (one’s heels), etc. 1657 J. Smith Myst. Rhet. 248 When in '-hew of disdain- ful contempt of a person or thing we fling up our nose. 1810 Scott Lady of L. i. xii, The pine-tree hung His shattered trunk, and .. flung His boughs athwart the nar¬ rowed sky. _ c 1820 Shelley Question i, A shelving bank of turf, which .. hardly dared to fling Its green arms round the bosom of the stream. 1822 — Triumph 0/ Life T49 Maidens and youths fling their wild arms in air. 1884 Tennyson Bechet 23 The young colt..flung up her heels. 8. To cast scornfully (one’s eyes, a glance) in a certain direction. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 209 How many fling their Eyes off a Book, having but spied the name? 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 121 One careless look on me she flung. 9 . To emit, send forth, give out, diffuse (light, a sound, odour, etc.); to throw or cause to fall (light or shade) on or over an object. Also, to fling in (quot. 1704). 1632 Milton Pcnseroso 131 When the sun begins to fling His flaring beams. 1634 — Comus 989 West winds, with musky wing, About the cedarn allies fling Nard and casia's balmy smells. 1704 Addison Italy (1705) 217 The Entry at both Ends [of a subterraneous passage] is higher than the middle Parts of it, and sinks by degrees, to fling in more Light upon the rest. 1712-4 Pope Rape Lock 11. 67 Ev’ry beam new transient colours flings. 1755 Young Centaur v. Wks. 1757 IV. 231 This flings light on a part of Scripture, which has a cloud on it in some eyes, c 1800 K. White Poems (1837) 141 No gale around its coolness flings. 1876 Green Stray Stud. 3 The huge beeches that fling their cool shade over the grass. 10. a. To put (any one) suddenly or violently into prison, confinement, or the like; ‘ to force into another condition, properly into a worse ' (J.); also, f to fling to death (obs.) c i^oo Destr. Troy 8843 Alphenor the fuerse flung he to dethe. 1591 Spenser Teares Muses 543 Squallid Fortune, into basenes flong, Doth scorne the pride of wonted orna¬ ments. 1601 Weever Mirr. Mart. E vi, They were attacht, and into prison flong. 1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd.Paint. (1765) I. iii. 53 Mabuse; whose excesses . .occasioned his being flung into prison. 1776 Trial of Nundocomar 66/1 , I was, after the battle, flung into con¬ finement. 1849 Macaulay Mist. Eng . I. 98 Laud was flung into the Tower. b. To bring up or dispatch (a body of troops) by a sudden or rapid movement; to cause (troops) to fall on (the enemy). 1707 Freind Petcrborcnu's Cotid. Sp. 55 His Lordship found Methods to fling 500 Men into the Town. 1893 Sayce Higher Criticism (1894) 426 He had flung his army on the western conspirators. 11. fa. Of an animal: To cast or shed (its coat) (obs.). b. To throw away, cast aside (as useless or burdensome), rare. a 1547 Surrey Descr. Spring , Songes # Sonn. (1585) 2 b, The Bucke in brake his winter coate he flinges. 1847 Ten¬ nyson Princess 11. 48 You likewise will do well, Ladies, in entering here, to cast and fling The tricks, which make us toys of men. 12 . To throw down, throw on the ground; spec. in wrestling. Of a horse : To throw (his rider) off his back. a 1797 H. Walpole (.Webster) His horse started, flung him, and fell upon him. 1767 Cowper Let. 13 July, Poor Mr. Unwin, being flung from his horse as he was going to his Church. 1783 Ainsworth Lat. Diet. (Morell) iv. s. v. Aleii Campi, Where Bellerophon wandered when flung by Pegasus. 1825 J. Neal Pro. Jonathan I. 257 If he ‘ flung ’ Carter, he would have to fight him afterwards. 1863 Tennyson Grandmother iii, Never a man could fling him; for Willy stood like a rock. b. fig. To give a fall to, cause to fall, overthrow. Also Sc., to jilt. 1790 Morison Poems 152 (Girl speaks) Had I that maxim kept I’d ne’er been flung. 1808 Jamieson Fling, to baffle, to deceive. 1828 Webster Fling v. 6 To baffle ; to defeat; as, to fling a party in litigation. 1889 Tablet 7 Dec. 897 An opportunity to fling the Ministry. 13 . slang. To get the better of, cheat, swindle, ' do ’; to cheat out of (money, etc.). 1749 Goadby Carew 146 One of the Gentlemen proffered to lay a Wager he could not fling Dr. Glanfield. 1760 C. Johnston Chrysal (1767) IV. 1. xii. 77 He finds..that he cannot fling his worthy associate out of the whole spoil. Ibid., To try if there was any possibility for him to /ling his. .mistress, and get the whole fortune himself. 1806 Surk Winter in Lond. (ed. 3) II. 63 If I had not been.. monstrous lucky, .we should have been flung. 1830 Lytton P. Clifford xxxi, Bob. .cries, * Flung the governor out of a guinea 1 1 14 . Used in many phrases and idiomatic expres¬ sions merely as a variant (more emphatic or expres¬ sive of greater violence) of throw or cast (see esp. Cast v. XIII); such are tofiling aside, to disregard, reject; to fling away, to discard, dismiss; to throw away, squander, ruin ; to filing down, to throw on the ground, overthrow, demolish ; to filing off, to abandon, disown; to baffle in the chase, throw off the scent ; to filing up, to throw up (an earthwork) ; to give tip, relinquish, abandon ; also (dial.) to * rake up ’ and utter as a reproach. To filing (any¬ thing) in one's teeth : see Cast v. 65. To filing open, to open suddenly or violently (also, to fling wide ) ; similarly, to fling to, to shut suddenly or forcibly. 1610 Shaks. Temp. 11. i. 116 He trod the water Whose enmity he flung aside. 1874 Green Short Hist. vi. § 4. | 327 298 This resolve of Colet to fling aside the traditional dogmas of his day. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII » in. ii. 441 Cromwel, I charge thee, fling away Ambition. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 4 Of the western provinces, .she was the last that was con¬ quered, and the first that was flung away. 1865 Dickens Mut. Er. 1. vi, Don’t fling yourself away, my girl. 1873 Black Pr. Thule xxii. 371 Don’t fancy I am flinging away a fortune out of generosity. 1587 Mirr . Mag ., Sir N. Burdet lxiii, On euery syde full fast wee flang the French men downe. 1695 Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth 11.(1723)124 These are so far from raising Mountains, that they overturn and fling down some of those which were before standing. 1619 Fletcher & Massinger False One iv. ii, You flung me off, before the court disgrac’d me. 1711-4 Addison Sped. (J.) These men are too well acquainted with the chace to be flung off by any false steps or doubles. 1848 Thacke¬ ray Van. Fair xxv, He has flug^us off; and leaves us to poverty. 1649 Bp. Reynolds Semi. Hosea iv. 88 To goe from his word, and fling up his bargaine. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 94 Should there be any occasion of flinging up new works about the lines of communication. 1661 Pepys Diary 15 Sept., If she will not be ruled, I shall fling up my executor¬ ship. 1743 Fielding Wedding-day 11. vi, If you stay one moment longer, I'll fling up the affair. 1884 Punch 29 Nov. 263/2 I’ve had enough of this game and will fling up politics. 1858 Lytton What will he do 11. xii, You wrote to fling my churlish favours in my teeth. 1892 Speaker 29 Oct 528/2 The elderly maxim about brevity being the soul of wit may be flung in my teeth. 1595 Shaks. John 11. i. 449 The mouth of passage shall we fling wide ope, And giue you entrance. 1711 Addison Sped. No. no f 5 The Knight, .orderedall the Apartments to be flung open. 1847 Tennyson Princess vi. 314 Fling our doors wide ! 1862 Mrs. H. Wood Mrs. Hallib. 1. xxi, The young lady.. flung-to the door and departed. 1885 Mabel Collins Prettiest Woman xii, When the dawn broke he flung open his window. b. similarly with adj. as comfl. rare. 1865 Carlyle Fredk.Gt. IX. xxi. 268 There are a great many hands flung idle in the present downbreak of finance. III. 15 . Comb, (the verb-stem used attrib.\ as fling-brand ( attrib .), that kindles strife or makes mischief; fling-dust, -stink, a contemptuous name for a harlot. 1616 T. Adams Sacrif. Thank. 23 It would a little Coole the preternaturall heate of the fling-brand fraternitie, as one wittily calleth them. 1621 Fletcher Wild Goose Chase iv. i, She is an English whore, a kind of fling-dust, One of your London light-o’-loves. 1679 T. Ticklefoot Trial Wakeman 7 That he was not President of the Bene¬ dictines, his Lordship affirmed from the Testimony of three Flingstinks. Fiingee (fliqi?). nonce-wd. [f. Fling v. +-ee.] One at whom anything is flung. 1879 Daily News 5 July 4/6 The person roughly called to account by the schoolmaster was not the flinger but the fiingee. Flinger (fli'gsi). [f. Fling#. + -er 1 .] One who flings, in various senses of the verb. a. in intr. senses: A dancer; also, one who rushes out of. Of a horse: A kicker. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems lxiii. 10 Musicianis, menstralis.. callandaris, and flingaris. 1519 Horman Vulg. xix. 170 This is a great kykar or a flyngar: and therfore I wyll nat come on his backe. 1599 Sandys Europce Spec. (1632) 219 Haere- tickes and Schismatickes, flingers out of the Church. 1822 Scott Pirate ix, ‘ I suld hae minded you was a flinger and a fiddler yourself.’ b. trans. One who throws or casts. Flinger out : one who casts or drives out; an expeller. 1598 Florio, Piombatore .. a violent (linger, a hurler. 1600 J. Melvill Diary (1842) 52 Episcoporum exactor, the flinger out of bishops. 1673 F. Kirkman Unlucky Citizen Pref. A iij, I ought not to look on the stone, but the hand of the flinger. 1851 Mrs. Browning Casa Guidi Windows 1. 1015 Were it good For any pope on earth to be a flinger Of stones against these high-niched counterfeits? Flinging (fli ijig), vbl. sb. [f. Fling v. + -ing 1 .] 1 . The action of the vb. Fling in various senses. 1375 Barbour Bruce vm. 324 The hors, .ruschit the folk in thair flynging. 1570-6 Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 415 King Henry the fourth..kept the Saddle in all this leaping and flinging. 1631 Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 443 Himselfe .. by the flinging of his horse was cast out of his sadle. 1727 Bailey vol. 11 , Flinging is the fiery, unruly Action of an unruly Horse, or a kicking with the Hind-legs. 2 . concr. The thing thrown, a missile. 1618 Bolton Florus (1636) 315 Plying them what with darts, and all sorts of flingings. .scattred them all. 3 . Comb ., as flinging-tree: ( a ) the striking part of the flail; (b) ( a piece of timber hung by way of partition between two horses in a stable* (. Burns' Poems 1800, Gloss.). 1785 Burns Vision 1. ii, The thresher’s weary flingin-tree The lee-lang day had tired me. Flinging (fli’qiij), ppl . a. [f. Fling v. + -ing2.] That flings: a. Of a horse: That kicks, unruly. + b. Of the Fiend : Raging, rampant, turbulent (cf. quot. c 1435 in Fling v. i). f c. Jig. Of a fault: Fatal, damning. a. 1533 Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) F viij, A lusty horse fyerse and flingyng. 1585 Higins Junius ’ Nomenclator 47/2 Equus calcitro , A flinging or kicking horse. b. a 1529 Skelton Howe the douty Duke of Albany Poems II. 317, I render the, fals rebelle, To the flingande fende of helle. 1560 Ingelend Disob. Child F ij b, The flyinge and [? =flingand] fiende go with my wyfe. C. a 1577 Gascoigne Dan Barth, x, Wks. (1587) 67 At last (alas) she was vntrue, Whych flinging fault, because it is not new.. I maruell not. Flingy(Hi ’q i ), a. it once- wd. [f. Fli ng sb. + -y 1 .] Inclined to fling or move abruptly ; jerky. 1838 Eraser's Mag. XVII. 689 There was .. nothing springy nor dingy in her movements. Flink (fliqk). U.S. [? alteration of Flinch.] intr. To behave in a cowardly manner. 1893 E. B. Custer Tenting on Plains xix. 388 All the boys done bully, but Corporal Johnson—he (linked. Flint (flint', sb. Forms: 1-2 flint, 3-4 south . vlint, -ynt, (4 flent, 5 flynd), 4-6 flynt(e, 3- flint. [OE. flint str. masc. = MDu. vlint , related to OHG .Jims (MHG. vims, mod.Ger. dia h flins). Da. flint str. masc., Sw . flint a wk. fern.; usually regarded as cogn. with Gr. tt\lv 6 os tile.] 1 . A kind of hard stone, most commonly of a steely gray colour, found in roundish nodules of varying size, usually covered with a white incrus¬ tation. In early and poetic use often put for hard stone in general. Chemicallj', it is one of the purest native forms of silica, and by modern mineralogists is classed among the chalce- donic varieties of that mineral. a 1000 Crist 6 (Gr.) paet }>u. .sesomni^e side weallas faeste Sefose, flint unbraecne. c 1000 jElfric Num. xx. 11 He .. sloh .. ]>o n c flint, and J>aer fleow sona of J>am flinte waeter. CI175 Lamb. Horn. 129 purh J>isse tacne Moyses werp ut J>et welle weter of )>an herda flinte. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xiv. 64 And oute of ]>e flynte spronge (>e flode |?at folke & bestes dronke. a 1400-50 Alexander 4447 pat modire ws cried pat fourmed [>e flode & ^e flynt & pe faire lyndis. 1594 Spenser Amoretti xviii, The firmest flint doth in con¬ tinuance weare. 1758 Johnson Idler No. 96 ? 1 A pillar of flint in the rocks of Hanga. 1832 G. R. Porter Porce¬ lain <$• Gl. 28 Flint is silica in a state nearly approaching to purity. 1855 Longf. Hiaw. iv. 163 Arrow-heads of flint, b. As a type of anything hard or unyielding. c 1320 Sir Ti'istr. 1451 pe deuel dragouns hide Was hard so ani flint. 1590 Spenser F. Q. 1. ii. 26 Hart of flint would rew The undeserved woes and sorrowes, which ye shew. 1606 Shaks. Ant. <$• Cl. iv. ix. 16 Throw my heart Against the flint and hardnesse of my fault. 1814 Scott Wav. xlvi, Callum, flint to other considerations, was penetrable to superstition. 1853 C. Bronte Villette xix, He struck on the flint of what firmness I owned. 2 . This stone, or a fragment of it, with reference to its property of giving off sparks when struck with iron or steel. Flint and steel: an apparatus consisting of a piece of each of these substances used for procuring fire by the ignition of tinder, touchwood, etc. a 700 Epinal Gloss. 805 Petrafocaria, flint, c 1050 Gloss. in Wr.-Wi\lcker 469 Petra focaria, fyrstan, flint, c 1330 Amis «$• A mil. 1321 Sir Amiloun, as fer of flint, With wrethe anon to him he wint. c 1450 Golagros Gaw. 758 As fyre that fleis fra the flynt. 1589 R. Harvf.y P. Perc. (1590) 20 When the steele and the flint be knockde togither, a man may light his match by the sparkle. 1606 Shaks. Tr. <$• Cr. iii. iii. 25 7. 1665 Hooke Microg. 46 Sparks struck from a Flint and a Steel. 1794 Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xxxi, Ugo found a flint, and the torch was lighted. 1814 Scott Ld. of Isles 11. xxvi, As from the flint the fire, Flash'd forth at once his generous ire. 1833 L. Ritchie Wand, by Loire 81 The flint and steel, which a French peasant carries for the service of his pipe. fig. 1659 B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 35 His offers were as flints, out of which they drew fire. 1677 Horneck Gt. Law Consul, vii. (1704) 422 My heart is all flint, but when..struck sufficiently, it will then send forth holy fire. b. A fragment of this stone used to kindle the powder in a Flint-lock. 1660- Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. xiv. 100 We .. caus’d a piece of Steel to be made of the form and bigness of the Flint, in whose place we put it. 1679 Levinz in Trial of White , Sf other Jesuits 10 The Flint of the Pistol failed. 1752 J. B. Maccoll in^c^ Mag. Aug. (1753) 401/2 The.. gun had an old wore flint in it. 1808 Wellington in Gurw. Desp. IV. 49 Each soldier will have with him three good flints. 1811 Byron Hints from Hor. 555 Dogs blink their covey, flints withhold the. spark. 1833 Regul. Instr. Cavalry 1. 30 In fixing the flint of Carbines .. the flat side of it must be placed upwards or downwards. 3 . A nodule or pebble of flint. In early and poetic use often applied to any hard piece of stone. c 1300 Havclok 2667 So that with alj?er-lest dint Were al to-shiuered a flint. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xvii. 18 A ryuer ful of flynt and great stones. ci6ix Chapman Iliad vi. 541 The flints he trod upon Sparkled with lustre of his arms. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 3 They shaved their heads with flints and other stones. 1662 J. Davies tr. Mandelslds Ti'av. 276 They use in their buildings, the (lints, which they find by the Sea-side. 1740 Dyer Ruins Rome 281 Those ancient roads, o’er whose broad flints Such crowds have roll’d. 1816 W. Smith Strata ldent. 7 Knotty and irregular Flints. 1876 Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. xviii. 340 Flints and other nodular concretions. 4 . Phrases. As hue as flint, used to express firm¬ ness in allegiance. To get or wring water from a flint, used to express extreme difficulty in doing something. To skin a flint : a hyperbolical ex¬ emplification of avarice. (To set one's face) like a flint : firmly, steadfastly. 1383 Wyclif Ezek. iii. 9 Y gaue thi face as an adamaunt, and as a flynt. a 1592 Greene George a Greene Dram. Wks. II. 189 Faith, I see, it is as hard to get water out of a flint, as to get him to have a bout with me. 1597 is t Tt. A eturn fir. Pamass. 1. i. 141 Hoping to wringe some water from a flinte. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. 111. vi. § 37 They would, in a manner, make pottage of a flint. 1847 Marryat Chi/dr. N. Forest xi, As true as flint was Jacob Armitage. 1859 FLINT. 328 FLINTY. Kingsley Misc. (i860) I. 321 Set his face like a flint. 1884 Besant Childr. Gibeon n. xxxi, Just as the toper squeezes the empty bottle and the miser skins the flint II. Transferred senses. 5 . A flint-like substance, a. (see quot. 1S92). b. (see quot. 1847.) c. short for flint-hide (see 10). a. 1709 Blair in Phil. Trans. XXVII. 102 They [horns) .. have a Protuberance arising from it [the Scull], and filling up their Capacity’, if cavous, commonly call’d the Flint. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss., Flint, the core of an animal’s horn .. The term is likewise applied to the hard excrescence formed on a cow’s head where a horn has been knocked off. b. 1847 Halliwell, Flints , refuse barley in making malt. C. 1885 C. T. Davis Leather i.i. 54 Dry flint is a thoroughly dry hide that has not been salted. 6. An avaricious person, a miser, skin-flint, rare. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop vii, The money which the old flint—rot him—first taught me to expect that I should share with her at his death. 7 . slang. (See quots.) 1764 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 66/2 Journeymen taylors. .who, refusing to comply with the masters terms, and the regu¬ lations of the magistrate, call themselves Flints, in con¬ tradistinction to those who submit, and are in derision stiled by the first Dungs. 1778 Foote Tailors 11. v, Shall the Flints, like them [Dungs], e’er sink to slaves? 1820 Scott Ivanhoe xliii, To see whether the heroes of the day are, in the heroic language of insurgent tailors, flints or dunghills. 1859 Slang Diet. s. v., Flint , an operative who works for a ‘ society ’ master—full wages. III. attrib. and Comb . 8. simple attrib. (or adj.) : Of flint. C1175 Lamb. Horn. 81 Me sculde in [?e ehtu]>e dei }?et knaue child embsni)>en mid ane ulint sexe. 1552 Huloet, Flynt, or of flynte, silicons. 1711 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 163 A Flint Weapon and divers other Anti¬ quities. 1851 D. Wilson Preh. Ann. (1863) II. 111. iii. 87 Flint arrows and other primitive weapons. 1884 Dawson in Leisure H. Aug. 490/2 Flint knives were used for sacri¬ ficial and surgical purposes. b. ellipt. for Flint-glass. *755 Oppenhehn s Patent Specif. No. 707 The compounds of the flint contain two parts of lead, one part sand, and one part of saltpetre or borax. 1816 J. Smith Panorama Sc. <$• Art II. 211 French glass, .is found to produce the greatest quantity of electricity next to English flint. 9 . General comb.: a. simple attrib., as flint- fragment, -nodule, -rock, -tile. b. objective, as flint-digger, -worker ; Jlint-nsing adj. c. instru¬ mental, as flint-headed, -wrapped adjs. d. para- synthetic and similative, as f flint-edged , + - grey, -hard, + -hardy adjs. 1809 Sporting Mag. XXXIII. 263 A * flint-digger on the new Brighton road. 1665 Dryden Ind. Emperor m. iii. Lay your *flint-edged weapon by. a 1000 Riddles iv. 19 (Gr.) *Flintgraegne flod. 1594 J* Dickenson A risbas (1878) 77 Heart more ^flint-hard then beating waues haue wrought On sea-washt rockes. 1606 N. Baxter Man Created in Farr S. P. Jos. I (1848) 238 The braine. .Both maters, and the *flint-hardie scull. 1884 Dawson in Leisure II. Aug. 490/2 They used *flint-headed arrows for shooting birds. 1879 Sir G. G. Scott Led. Archil. I. 220 The Romans .. were successful in employing .. the *flint nodules of Kent. 1871 Palgrave Lyr. Poems 77 As honey from the "flint-rock shed. 1428 in Heath Grocers' Comp. (1869)6 Chalke, *flint- tyles and estriche boarde. 1894 Academy 18 Aug. 120/3 The old *flint-using folk. 1876 D. Wilson Preh. Man iii. (ed. 3) 79 The whole region .. is rich in remains of the old * flint-workers.. 1646 G. Daniel Poems Wks. 1878 I. 12, I stood A verie Statua .. Not *Flint-wrapt Niobe, more stone did rise. 10 . Special comb.: flint-coal (see quot.); flint- core (see quot. and Core sb. 1 5); flint-find, a dis¬ covery of flint implements; flint-flake, a ‘ flake ’ or chip of flint used in prehistoric times as a cutting instrument; flint-folk, people who, in prehistoric times, used flint implements; flint-gravel, gravel containing flints ; flint-gun, a gun with a flint¬ lock; flint-head, an arrow-head made of flint; f flint-heart a. = next; flint-hearted a ., hard¬ hearted; flint-hide (see quot.); flint-knacker = next; flint-knapper, one who fashions flints to any desired shape ; so flint-knapping, fashioning flints (for gun-locks, etc.); flint-man, one of the i flint-folk flint-mill, (a) Pottery, a mill in which calcined flints are ground tp powder for mixing with clay to form slip for porcelain; (b) Muting ; ‘a mode formerly adopted for lighting mines, in which flints studded on the surface of a wheel were made to strike against a steel and give a quick succession of sparks to light the miner at his work’ (Knight) ; f flint-moving a ., that would move a heart of flint; flint-paring = flint-skinnmg \ flint- pit, a pit from which flint has been taken; flint- rope, the stem of the sponge Hyalonema Sieboldii (Cass.); flint-skinning, fig. the action of ‘ skin¬ ning a flint*, parsimonious saving; flint-soot (see quot.); flint-sponge, the sponge Hyalonema mirabilis {Cent. Did.) ; flint-wall, ‘ a wall made of broken flints set in mortar, and with quoins of masonry ’ (Knight) ; flint-ware, U.S. name for Stone-ware, q.v.; flint-wheat (see quot.) ; flint- wood, a name in New South Wales for Eucalyptus pilularis; + flint-wort, a name for aconite, sug¬ gested by Pliny’s statement that it grows on bare rocks (muiis cautibus ). 1841 Hartsmorne Salopia Antiqua 427 *Flint Coal a coal measure so called, partly from its hardness, and partly from reposing upon a siliceous rock. 1865 Athenaeum 7 Jan. 23/2 Small arrow-heads and *fiint-cores, from wlflch such articles had been flaked, were found. 1865 Lubbock Preh. Times iv. (1890) iii ‘ "Flint-finds'.. resembling in many respects these Danish ‘coast-finds', are not .. unknown in this country. 1851 D. Wilson Preh. Ann. (1863) I. 175 Rude and unshapely fragments of flint, known by the name of * Flint-Flakes. 1879 Lubbock Vc/. Led. v. 155 The simplest flint-flake forms a capital knife. 1874 Carpenter Aleut. Phys. i.ii. § 88 Races of men, which (like theold‘*flint-folk’) had made but a very slight advance in the arts of life. 1865 Lubbock Preh. Times xii. (1869) 408 All the flint gravels in the South East of England have been produced by the destruction of chalk. 1849 E. E. Napier Excurs. S. Africa 11 . 161 This inconvenience—with a *flint gun—is generally to be remedied without firing off the piece. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. II. 151 The - flint-heads of arrows made use of by the Caledonians. 1827 G. Higgins Celtic Druids 226 The Celts and flint-heads prove nothing. 1596 Edw.III, 11. i. 14 Make a ^flint-heart Scythian pitiful. 1560 Becon Flower Godly Prayers Pref. Whs. II. 166 b, No man, excepte he be "flint hearted, can rede the history .. without most large teares. 1632 Massinger & Field Fatal Dowry iv. iv, You prove ungrateful, Flint-hearted Charalois. 1885 A. Watt Leather Manuf iii. 30 Dried Hides, .are sometimes called ‘*flint* hides, from their excessive hardness. 1879 Encycl. Brit. IX. 325/2 In 1876 there were 21 *flint knappers in Brandon. 1887 Illustr. Lond. News 15 Oct. 468 The .. almost extinct trade of ^flint-knapping. 1872 Bagehot Phy¬ sics 3- Pol. (1876) 100 We are dealing with people capable of history.. not with pre-historic *flint-men. 1757 Brindley in Smiles Engineers { 1874) I. 146 A new *flint mill [in the Potteries], a 1852 Moore Sylph's Ball viii, 29 Musical flint- mills—swiftly played By elfin hands—that .. Gave out, at once, both light and sound. 1600 S. Nicholson Acolastus (1876) 36 And as 1 story my *fiint-mouing wrong, Weepe thou, i860 Motley Netherl, I. vi. 323 During this tedious *flint-paring, Antwerp.. was falling into the hands of Philip. 1891 D. Wilson Right Hand 62 A number of * flint-pits .. near Brandon. 1873 Miss Braddon Str. # Pilgr. 1. viii. 92 Her small economies, her domestic cheese-paring and *flint- skinning. 1577 Googe Heresbachs Husb. in. (1578) 137 Take *Flint soote, that is hard dryed vpon a Post or roofe, and beate it into powder. 1741 Chambers Cycl. s. v. Wall, * Flint, or Boulder-Walls, are frequently used in divers parts for fence-walls. 1782 J. Scott Ep. 1 Garden 16 Where .. rough flint-walls are deck’d with shells and ores. 1859 All Year Round No. 32. 126 Turkish *flint-wheat is one of those recommended as ‘a hardy, full variety, with, .a long, flinty, light-coloured berry’. 1565 Golding Ovid's Met. vii. (1587) 94 a, A goblet ready filld With juice of *flint-woort venomous. Flint (flint), v. [f. prec. sb.] trans. a. To fit (a gun) with a flint; to furnish or provide (a person) with a flint or flints, b. To pave (ground) with flints; in quot.yfo. 1803 Wellington in Gurw. Dcsp. II. 292 These parties will parade .. and then be completed to thirty-six rounds and well flinted. 1816 Col. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 146 The same gun . .which was neither cleaned afresh nor even new flinted. >834 Landor Exam. Shahs. Wks. 1846 II. 276/1 The groundwork and religious duty not being well rammer-beaten and flinted. 1848 J. Grm*t Adv. Aide-dc-C. xxv, Most carefully flinted and loaded. 1 ' Flinted (fli’nted), ppl. a. Ohs. [f. Flint sh. + -ED -; cf. MDa./wW in sense 2.] 1 . Of or consisting of flint. 1568 T. Howell A rb. Amitie (1879) 32 Then flinted stones and barked tree. .Shall waile my wofull hap by thee. 2 . Hard, cruel, unfeeling. 1583 Stanyhurst Aeneis 111. (Arb.) 79 We the byrth place detest of flinted Vlisses. 1587 M. Grove Pelops <5- Hipp. (1878) 35 Would it not moue a frozen heart yea flinted for to bo we. f Flrntered, ppl. a. Ohs. rare — l . [? for Jlint- eared ; or f. Flint + -er 5 + -ed L] (See quot.) 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 34 Peeke wheate hath a red eare .. and oft tymes it is flyntered, that is to saye, small come wrynkeled and dryed. Fli ntful, a. nonce-wd. [f. Flint sb. + -ful.] = Flinty a . 1576 R. L[inche] Diclla (1877) ^5 Thinking .. shee by his absence might at length intenerate her flintfull hart. Flint-glass. 1 . A pure lustrous glass, now made from a composition of lead oxide, sand, and alkali; originally made with ground Hint or pebble as the siliceous ingredient. 1683 Worlidge in Houghton Lett. II. 42 A Pipe made of Chrystal, or Flint-Glass. 1799 G. Smith Laboratory I. 171 Flint Glass is of the same general kind with that which in other places is called crystal glass. 1832 G. R. Porter Porcelain Gl. 138 The manufacture of flint glass was first begun in England in the year 1557. *867 J* Hogg Microsc. 11. i. 19 A lens of crown-glass will have a longer focus than a similar one of flint-glass. 12 . (with a and pi.) A vessel or other article made of this glass. Obs. 1675 Sloane MSS. 857. 18 Sept., Permission to Ravens- croft to export flint glasses, .to Ireland. 1708 Brit. Apollo No. 57. 2/1 Two Gentlemen sitting in a Tavern, .heard .. a flint Glass Crack. 1766 Entick London IV. 280 A glass¬ house for making flint-glasses. 3 . attrib. 1683 Worlidge in Houghton Lett. 1 .166 A Syphon, .made of a Crystal or Flint-glass Pipe. 1784 Watt in Phil. Trans. LXXIV. 343 A flint-glass retort. 1831 Brewster Optics ix. 82 The focal length .. of the concave flint-glass lens. 1871 tr. Schellen's Spectr. A nal. xix. 67 The flint-glass prism is replaced by one of bisulphide of carbon. Flintify (flrntifsi), v. [f. Flint sh. + *(i)fy.] To turn to flint. Hence Flrntified ppl. a., Fli nti- fying vhl. sh. ox ppl. a. 1799 Kirwan Geo/. Ep. 447 There is no partial impreg¬ nation nor any gradation of the flintyfying operation. 1880 BlackmoreM ary Anerley III. iv. 62 Rugged and flintiiied knobs and edges [of oysters]. Flintless (fli-ntles), a. [f. Flint sh. + -less.] Without a flint or flints. 1810 Sporting Mag. XXXVI. 273 One of Forsyth’s gun- locks, which, flintless, goes off by percussion. 1865 Reader 22 Apr. 461/1 A bed of comparatively flintless chalk overlies one with many flints. Fli nt-lock. [See Lock.] a. A gun-lock in which a flint, screwed to the cock, is struck against the hammer and produces sparks which ignite the priming in the flash-pan. Also attrib ., as flint¬ lock gun, ??iusket. b. A gun fitted with this lock. 1683 Sir Jas. Turner Pallas Armata 176 It were there¬ fore good, that for the half of the Muskets (if not for them alb flint-locks were made. 1833 J. Holland Manuf. Metal II. 89 The soldiers of that duchy [Brunswick] first obtained, in 1687, flint-locks, instead of matchlocks. 1887 Whitaker's Almanack 541 The old flint-lock musket became famous in the Peninsular War under the name of ‘ Brown Bess’. Hence Flint-locked a., fitted with a flint-lock. 1885 Century Mag. XXIX. 684 The long flint-locked rifle. Flintstone. [f. Flint sb. + Stone.] 1 . =FlintjAi. c 1340 Cursor M. 20897 (Fairf.) Soroufully ]> e n fel he doun In liknes of flint-stane. 1375 Cantic, de Creatione 983 in Anglia I, Out of J>e flynt ston Moyses dede ywis water out rennen. 1535 Coverdale Ps. cxiii[ij. 8 The God of Iacob .. turned .. the flynt stone in to a sprynginge well. 1855 Longf. Hiaw. xxi. 64 And the earth became as flint-stone. 2 . = Flint sb. 2, 3. C1400 Maundev. (1839) v. 50 Men kutten the Braunches with a scharp Flyntston. c 1475 Piet. Voc. in Wr.-Wulcker 768/19 Silex, a flyntstone. 1535 Coverdale Isa. 1 . 7, I haue hardened my face like a flynt stone. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholays Voy. iv.xxix. 151 Prometheus, .was. .the firste that stroke fire out of the flint stone. 1638 Sanderson Serm. II. iii You may as soon squeeze water out of a flintstone. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus xxiii. 4 Each for penury fit to tooth a flint-stone. Flinty (flinti), a. [f. Flint sl>. + -y L] 1 . Of or consisting of flint; derived from flint. 1591 Shaics. 1 Hen. VI, 11. i. 27 Let vs resolue to scale their flinty bulwarkes. 1714 Gay Trivia 1. 12 Earth from her Womb a flinty Tribute pays. 1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 447 Pieces of fossil wood have been found penetrated with flinty matters. 1810 Scott Lady of L. 1. xi, Each purple peak, each flinty spire, Was bathed in floods of living fire. 1891 T. Hardy Tess viii, Sometimes .. flinty sparks from the horse’s hoofs outshone the daylight. b. Full of flint-stones. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 599 The gathering up of Flints in Flinty Ground .. is no good Husbandry. 1802 Playfair Illustr. Hutton. Th. 108 Such a body of flinty gravel as is found about Kensington. 2 . Resembling flint; a. in texture or in colour. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 99 Flinty wheate ; that is, if yow bite a come asunder with your teeth, yow shall see that the meale of it is of a darkish, bley, and flinty colour. 1779 J. Moore View Soc. Er. II. Iv. 57 Black stones of a flinty texture. 1853 Kane Grinncll Exp. xxx. (1856) 258 We had to quarry out the blocks [of ice] in flinty, glassy lumps. 1859 [See flint-wheat, Flint sb. 10]. b. Having the characteristic qualities of flint; hard, impenetrable, rugged. 1542 R. Copland Galyen's Terap. A. iij, The cause, .that before made the vlceres harde and flynty. 1602 Marston Ant. Mel. 1. Wks. 1856 I. 17 The flintie rocks groand at his plaints. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iii. 357 Rough upon the flinty Rock he lyes. 1847 Emerson Poems, Monadnoc Wks. (Bohn) I. 435 The country’s flinty face, Like wax, their fashioning skill betrays. 1871 Baker Nile Tribut. xii. 202 The mare, .scattering the rounded pebbles, .from her flinty hoofs. 1884 York Herald 19 Aug. 7/2 All the new grain comes to hand in a flinty condition. 3 . fig. Of a person or his heart: Obdurate, un¬ feeling, hard-hearted. (Cf. sto?iy.) 1536 Latimer Let. to Cromwell in Serm. <$• Rem. (1845) 372 If his heart be so stony, so flinty. 1601 Shaks .All's Well iv. iv. 7 Gratitude Through flintie Tartars bosome would peepe forth. 1795 Burke Th. Scarcity Wks. 1842 II. 250 The flinty heart and griping hand of base self-interest. 1829 Carlyle Misc. (1857) I. 272 We ourselves have known the flintiest men, who professed to have wept over them. 1878 Miss Braddon Open Verd. I. ii. 29 ‘Fathers have flinty hearts’, retorted Kenrick lightly. quasi-adv. 1580 Lupton Sivqila 72 Their stonny hartes are so flintie harde. b. Of immaterial things: Hard ; harsh. 1613 Uncasing of Machivils Instr. 14 This is the flinty course of this our age. 1643 Milton Divorce 11. xvi. (1851) 103 The gracious .. not ruthlesse and flinty ordinance of manage. 1888 Star 28 Nov. 2/5 Mr. George struck out sharp, strong, flinty sentences. 4 . attrib. and Comb., as flinty-looking adj.; flinty- liearted a., (a) of a person: Hard-hearted; {b) Having a hard or flint-like core. 1626 Massinger Rom. A dorm, ii, If he were not A flinty- hearted slave, he could not use One of his form so harshly. 1845 I ,d. Campbell Chancellors (1857) V. cxi. 192 The flinty- hearted father asked what settlement was to be made upon his daughter, i860 All Year Round No. 48. 515 Three flinty-hearted potatoes. 1890 Pall Mall G. 29 Aug. 7/2 A dark flinty-looking grain rebounds from your face. Hence Fli ntily adv., in a flinty manner ; Flrnti- ness, the quality of being flinty. 1607 Hieron Wks. I. 362 When there is an vniuersafl FLIP. 329 FLIPPANT. fiintinesse in mens hearts. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop xi, Some people would have been all tlinliness and granite. 1871 Proctor Light Sc. 290 The peculiar grittiness and flintiness of its structure. 1879 Tinsley's Mag. XXIV. 35 Her aunt was a flintily just woman. Flip (dip), sbA [? f. Flip v., with the sense of * whipping up * into froth. Cf. mod.Norman patois flip, phlippe, cider mixed with brandy and spices (Moisy Diet, du Patois A r orma?id), which is prob¬ ably of English origin. See Slceat in Phil. Soc. Trans. 1889.] f 1 . The slimy scum rising to the surface of salt¬ pans. Ohs. 1682 J. Collins Making 0/ Salt in Eng. 31 The shallow Pans..are left open..to carry away the Flip, or Slime in Currents. 2 . A mixture of beer and spirit sweetened with sugar and heated with a hot iron. (Cf. egg flip.) 1695 Congreve Love for L. in. iv, Thus we live at sea ; eat biscuit, and drink flip. 1709 Brit. Apollo II. No. 22. 3/1 The Gypsie With Flip and Geneve got most Damnably Typsie. 1755 Mem. Capt. P. Drake I. xiii. 99 The Sailors were plentifully supplied with their favourite Liquor Flip. 1820 L. Hunt Indicator No. 23 (1822) I. 180 With oceans of flip and grog. 1872 C. D. Warner Backlog Stud. 16 In those good old days it was thought best to heat the poker red hot before plunging it into the mugs of flip. 3 . Comb. : flip-dog (see quot. 1S36). 1836 Smart, Flip-dog, an iron heated to warm flip. 1851 S. Judd Margaret II. xi. 164 Warm your nose with Porter’s flip-dog. Flip (dip), sb . 2 Also 7 phlip. [f. Flip v .] 1 . A smart stroke or blow, a fillip. Also fig. 1692 Locke Toleration in. iv. 105 A Phlip on the Fore¬ head..may be Penalty enough. x8i8 Sporting Mag. 111 . 29 Newton by a smart left-handed flip, drew the claret in uofusion from his mouth. 1884 Besant Dorothy Forster 1. xiv. 64 The rubs and flips which we poor women have to endure from harsh masters. 2 . A sudden jerk or movement; a dash or flicker of light. 1821 Haggart Life (ed. 2) 23 Turning towards the prad (i. e. horse] Barney made a very unceremonious flip at the bit. 1867 F. Francis Angling vi(iS8o) 225 This sometimes will require seven or eight 4 flips’..to effect. 1873 G. C. Davies Mount, Merc xiii. 98 A derisive flip of their white tails. 1881 Bi.ackmore Christoivcll xli, Flips of reflected lightning here, there, and everywhere, shone upon the roadway. fig. 1888 G. Moore in Fortn. Rev. Feb. 249 Madame Bovary, with the little pessimistic flip at the end of every paragraph, is the most personal of books. 3 . — Fillip sb. 3. 1881 Bi.ackmore Christowell xlvii, I must have a flip to my system. Flip (flip), tf. 1 dial, and U.S. [f. Flip v. (sense 0.1 a. s.w. dial. In various senses : (see quots.). b. U.S. Voluble. 1847 Halliwell, Flip. .(3)Nimble; flippant. Devon. 1863 W. Barnes Dorset Dial. 55 Flip , very kindly or friendly in talking. 1888 Elworthy IF. Somerset l Ford Ik ., Flip, pliant, flexible, same as Limber. 1893 Columbus (Ohio) Disp. 13 Apr., She was disposed to be flip with her tongue. + Flip, a , 2 [?f. the vb.; cf. Flicky, Flig, Fuggy, Flisk, Fletch.] 1723 Land. Gaz. No. 6181/4 Stolen, .a. .Gelding, .with.. what is called a Flip Tail. Flip (flip), v. [Prob. onomatopoeic ; cf. Fillip v. Not in Johnson, Todd, or Webster 1S64.] 1 . trans. To put into motion with a flip or fillip, to ‘shoot’; to toss (a coin) with a flip. Also absol. To flip up (? U.S.) : to toss up. 1616 W. Browne Brit. Past. 11. iii. zoo As when your little ones Doe twixt their fingers flip their Cherry-stones. 1665 Glanvill Scepsis Sci. xix. 122 When it’s under ques¬ tion, 'twere as good flip cross and pile, as to dispute for’t. 1839 T hackeray Major Gahagan i, She..would flip the rice into her mouth with her fingers. 1861 Tiiornbury Turner II. 123 Making a pellet of it, and flipping it into his eye. 1867 F. Francis Angling iii. (1880) 81 Flip a few bits of ground-bait in. 1879 N. Y. Tribune 4 Oct., (Cent.) The two great men could flip up to see which should have the second place. 1885 4 Hugh Conway’ Family Affair I. xii. 229 Flipping the ash from his cigarette. 2 . = Fillip zl 2. 1594 Lyly Moth. Bomb. v. iii, Like ivie he her fast docs hold..And flips her too. 1676 D’Urfey Mad. Fickle v. ii, Sirra, you shall be hufft and cufft, and flip’d and kick’d, Sirra, if you talk of private Rooms. 111695 Wood Life (1848) 188 Then the scholars made some resistance by flipping them on the cheek. 3 . intr. To make a flip or fillip with the fingers. Also qxxasi-lrans. To give a flip with (the finger). 185a Dickens Bleak Ho. xxv, He revenges himself by flipping at their ears. 1859 Lang Wand. Ituiia 34 4 My heart is as hard as this rock,’ she said, flipping her finger against the granite. 4 . trans . To move or throw about with a flip or sudden jerk. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 376 P 2 To twirl, flip or flirt a Fan. 1867 F. Francis Angling vi. (1880) 225 You must* . .flip your fly to and fro to shake the water out and so dry it for another cast. 1884 Leeds Mercury Wkly. Supp. 15 Nov. 1/6 The carriole-driver, .is seated so low that the tail is constantly flipped over the reins. 5 . intr. To move with a flip or jerk; to step lightly and nimbly. 1863 Kingsley Water Bab. 105 He..began flirting and flipping up and down and singing. 1881 Blackmoke Christcnucll iv, Still there were lapses in the vigilance of VOL. IV. the brook, where a lady, with her skirts up, might flip through. 1886 Science VII. 263 When the water had disappeared, eight mackerel were found flipping about the deck. 6. t?'a?is. To strike smartly and lightly (with a whip, or the like) ; to flick. 1861 Pvcroft Agony Point II. iv. 45 Minnie laughed and flipped her old friend with her glove. 1863 W. Barnes Dorset Dial. 55 Flick or Flip, to snap lightly with a whip. 1866 R. M. Ballantyne Shifting Winds viii, (1881) 76 Taking up his whip..and flipping the toe of his boot with it. b. intr. To make a sharp stroke at. 1893 S. Grand Heavenly Twins (1894) 332 Viciously flip¬ ping at the flowers, as he passed, with the stick he carried. 7 . slang. To shoot with a pistol, etc. 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Did.. Flip, to shoot. 1834 H. Ainsworth Rookwood iv. iii, 4 Flip him, Dick—fire or I’m taken,’ cried King. Flipe (floip), sb. north. Also 6 flepe, 6-9 flype. [cf. Du . flcb,flcp, a forehead-cloth worn by women, Da .flip lap, protruding piece (of a shirt, etc.), lip of a wound, mod.Icel. fiipi a horse’s lip ; cf. also next vb., from which the senses in 2 are derived.] 1 . A fold or flap ; the flap or brim of a hat. 1530 Palsgr. 552/2, I tourne up the flepe of a cap. 1571 Wills fi Inv. N. Counties (Surtees) I. 361, Vj cappes w tK flypes in y° neke iiij s. a 1689 W. Cleland Poems (1697) 12 With good blew Bonnets on their Heads; Which on the one side had a flipe, Adorn’d with a Tobacco pipe. 1796 W. Marshall Yorksh. (ed. 2) II. 319 Flipe (of a hat); the brim. 1828 Bewick Mem. (1862) 38 In what king’s reign his hat had been made was only to be guessed at, but the flipes of it were very large. 1868 Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., Flipe , the brim of a hat. 2 . dial. (See quots.) 1847 Halliwell, Flipe , a flake of snow. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss., Flipe, Flype, a thin piece, a piece of skin torn off. To take off in flypes, is to take off in thin pieces. Ilence Flip(p)ed ppl. a ., having a flap. 1886 Pall Mall G. 4 June 11/1 A Jew, in a flipped hat of mottled straw. Flipe (fteip), v. Chiefly Sc. Also flypo, flip. [? f. prec. si), (which however is not recorded so early) ; cf. WDz.fippe to skin.] 1 . trans. To strip off (the skin, etc.); to peel, flay. Also, f to flipe off. Obs. cxc. dial. c 1400 Destr. Troy 954 He..filypit of the fllcse. 1724 Ramsay Gent. Shefh. iv. i, And ten sharp nails. .Can flype the skin o’ ye’r cheeks out o’er your chin. 1813 W. Leslie Agric. Surv. Nairn Gloss., To Flyp, to ruffle hack the skin. 1827 Tennant Papistry Storm'd 210 Great faulds o’ capper aff were flypit. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss, s.v., 4 Aa flyped him' figuratively used, means 4 1 robbed or stripped him'. + 2 . To turn up or down, to fold back; also, to turn inside out. Also with up. Obs. 1530 Palsgr. 552/2 I flype up my sieves, as one dothe that intendeth to do some thynge. c 1538 Lyndf.say Supplic. 97 Thair faldingis flappis about thair feit, Thair laithlie lyning furthward flypit. 1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 451, I used often to flype up the lids of my eyes. 1788 K. Picken Poems Gloss., Flype, to turn outside in. 1847 Halliwell, Flip up, to turn up one’s sleeves. 3 . Comb., flipe-wool dial. (Hawick): = skin-wool. Ilence Fliped ppl. a., of a fleece : Torn off bodily. 1888 Daily News 10 Sept. 2/6 Wool, .fliped fleeces, 8 \d. t Fli’perous, a. 0 />s. rare. 1611 Cotgr. s. v. Coquette, A pratling or proud gossip; a Asking, or fliperous minx. Flip-flap (fli'pfl^ep), adv.,sb. and a. [onomato¬ poeic reduplication of Flap, expressive of repeated oscillating movement.] A. adv. With a repeated flapping movement. 1583 Stubbes Anat. Abus. 1. (1879) 51 Then they goe flip flap in the winde. 1775 in Ash. 1894 Crockett Raiders 35 Flounders fried in oatmeal, .with their tails jerking Flip, flap, in the frizzle of the pan. B. sb. fl. Something that 'goes flip-flap’ (see A.), e.g. a hanging piece of cloth, a fan, a fly-flapper. Obs. 1529 Skelton Elynour Rummyng 514 Couer thy shap Wyth sum flyp flap. 1598 Flokio, Ventaglio. .a flip flap or any thing to make wind with. 1600 Dekker Old Fortu- natus in Dodsl. O. PI. (1816) III. 127-8 If I hear any gingling but of the purse-strings that go flip, flap..would I were turn’d into a flip-flap and sold to the butchers. 1611 Cotgr., Esventoir , a fanne, flip-flap. + 2 . A frivolous woman ; =- Flap sb. 9. Obs .— 1 1702 Vanbrugh False Friend 1, The light airy flipflap, she kills him with her motions. 3 . slang, a. 1 A kind of somersault in which the performer throws himself over on his hands and feet alternately *; also, * a peculiar rollicking dance indulged in by costers’ (Slang Did. 1864). b. In sailors’ use : 4 The arm ’ (Barrere Sc Leland 1S89). Cf. Flipper sb.% 2. c. A kind of firework, a cracker. a. 1676 Character Quack Doctor 5 He danc’d a Saraband with Flip-flaps, and Sommcrsets. 1727 Gay Fables x\. 31 The tumbler whirles the flip-flap round, With sommersets he shakes the ground. 1764 Garrick in G. Colman, Jun. Posth. Lett. (1820) 256 Flip flaps, and great changes without meaning. 1851 D. Jerrold St. Giles xxxi. 324 This .. iniquitous world—a world of flip-flaps and sumersets. C- 1885 Pall Mall G. 5 Nov. 4/1 To-night, .the sound of the obtrusive and saltatory flip-flap will be heard in the streets of Great Britain. 4 . U.S. 1 A kind of tea-cake ’ (Farmer). 1876 Besant & Rice Gold. Butter/ly xviii, As we sat over her dough-nuts and flipflaps. C. ad/. That ‘ goes flip-flap * (sec A.). 1841 Blackw. Mag. I. 635 Music, .with, .butterfly flip-flap flights, and die-away cadences. 1888 Spectator 7 July 934 That easy imitation of French flip-flap brush work which is so fashionable at the present time. Hence Fli'p-flap v. 1599 Nashe Lenten Stuffe Wks. (Grosart) V. 255 The sly sheepe-biter. .summer setted & flipt flapt it twenty times aboue ground. 1894 Hall Caine Manxman iv. xii. 245 Nancy Joe went flip-flapping upstairs. Flip-flop (fli’piftyp), sb. [onomatopoeic redu¬ plication ; cf. prec. and Flop.] In nonce-uses : a. The ‘ flap ’ of the ear. b. The sound of a regular footfall. 1661 K. W. Conf. Charac., Informer (i860) 47 We will stop the mishapen hols widdowed of their flip-flops, .least there..still he retaine also too much of the faculty of entcrance. 1889 J. K. Jerome Three Men in Boat 168 When he heard the regulation flip-flop approaching. Flippancy;fii-pansi). [f.F lippant: scc-ancy.] The quality of being flippant; esp. disposition to trifle, frivolity; occas. in earlier use, Volubility. . 1746 H. Wai.pole Lett. II. Mann (1834) II. clxix. 176 The famous orator Henley is taken up for treasonable flippancies. 1789 Mrs. Piozzi Joum. France I. 8 It filled up my notions of French flippancy agreeably enough. 1807 tr. Goede's Trav. II. 183 A continued flippancy of chit¬ chat in the boxes. 1808 Med. Jrnl. XIX. 15 He..with asperity and flippancy adverted to a remarkable case I had written on nearly two years back. 1874 L. Stephen Hours in Library (1892) I. vii. 268 Effeminate prejudices and mere flippancies draped in elaborate rhetoric. 1882 Miss Braddon Mt. Royal I. ii. 64 Why, Jessie, you are generally the very essence of flippancy. Flippant (fli pant), a. Also 7 flippent. [app. f. Flip v. (sense 5). Cf. Flip a. used dial, in senses 1 and 2 below; an ablaut-var. of the root, with related meaning, occurs in ON .fleipr babble, fleipa (Sw. dial .flepa) to talk foolishly. The suffix may possibly be an alteration of the ME. ppl. ending -vide -ing-, or the word may have been formed in 16th c. on the analogy of ppl. adjs. in -ant, such as the heraldic tr{ppant.\ + 1 . Nimble, moving lightly or alertly; easily moved or managed, light to the hand; pliant, flexible, limber. Obs. 1622 Marbe tr. Aleman's Guzman D'Alf. i. 73 It is a bird of the flippantst wing, which as it moucth with most nimblenesse, so it doth the greatest mischiefe. 1677 Earl Orrery Art of War 26 Targets, though very flippent ones, have not only resisted the Push of the Pikes, but also [etc.]. Ibid. 27 The Pike, .is carried tapering, to poise it the better, and thereby renders it the more flippent for those who use it. 1895 Windsor Mag. July 21 ‘ She weer flippant on'er feet that night, .an' tored hoff as fast as a wind hover.’ f 2 . Of the tongue: ‘Nimble’, voluble. Ilence of persons: Ready in the use of words, speaking freely, fluent, talkative, voluble. Of conversation or discourse : Fluent, sparkling. Obs. 1605 Chapman All Foolcs v. i, As for your mother, she was wise, a most flippant tongue she had. a xii'jq Barrow Scrm. I, 157 It becoming them not..to be dumpish..but . .pleasantly flippant and free in their speech. 1677 Miege Eng.-Fr. Did., A flippant discourse, un discours coulant. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 247 p 9 An excellent Anatomist has promised me to dissect a Woman’s Tongue, and to examine whether there may not be in it certain Juices, which render it so wonderfully voluble or flippant, a 1784 Johnson in Boswell an. 1765, She [Mrs. Thrale] is more flippant; but he has ten times her learning. 1794 Gouv. Morris in Sparks Life < 5 * Writ. (1832) I. 427 The wines are good and the conversation flippant. +b. In bad sense: Impertinently voluble. (Cf. 4*) 1677 Miege Eng.-Fr. Did., A flippant and forward woman, une coquete une libertine. 1727 Gay Fables xii. 18 The husband’s sullen, dogged, shy, The wife grows flippant in reply. 3 . Sportive, playful. Obs. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 260 p 1, I am now as. .flippant if I see a pretty Woman, as when in my Youth. 1719 D’Urfky Fills (1872) VI. 156 Like Love’s sprightly Goddess she’s flippant and gay. 1784 Cowper Task vi. 315 The squirrel, flippant, pert, and full of play. 4 . Displaying unbecoming levity in the considera¬ tion of serious subjects or in behaviour to persons entitled to respect. 1724 Waterland Farther Find. Wks. IV. 12 It very ill becomes this gentleman. .to grow so exceeding flippant. 1781 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 26 June, I was reading Sher¬ lock’s flippant but entertaining letters. 1836 H. Rogers J. Howe i. (1863) 14 That, .peculiarity, which a flippant and superficial philosophy has sometimes charged upon the Scrip¬ tures as a blemish. 1838 Dickens Nick. Nick, xix, The flippant contempt with which the guests regarded her uncle. 1877 Mrs. Forrester Mignon I. 251 The flippant way in which she has treated his attentions. 5 . absol. passing into sb. A flippant person. In first quot. Richardson seems to have thought the word was of It. origin, and fabricates a pseudo-It. plural. [1748 Richardson Clarissa VI. Ixxviii. 291 It concerns me, however, not a little, to find our affair so generally known among the Flippanti of both sexes.] 1791 Cowper Judgm. Pods 22 They gentle called, and kind and soft, The flippant and the scold. 1835 Fraser s Mag. XII. 269 The flippants and pragmatics who infest all the highways of society. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. cx, The stern were mild when thou wert by, The flippant put himself to school And heard thee. Hence Flippantly adv., in a flippant manner; Fli ppantness, the quality of being flippant. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Flippantness. 1758 H. Walpole Lett. II. Mann (1834) 111 . cccxxii. 268 It is time for me to check my pen that asks so flippantly. 1791 Boswell Johnson an. 42 FLIPPER. FLIRTATIOUS. 1774 (1816) II. 298 note, Mrs. Thrale asked him somewhat flippantly, ‘ Why do you put him up in the counting-house ?’ 1817 J. Gilchrist Intellect. Patrim. 84 The flippantness of French philosophers. 1880 G. Meredith Trag. Com. (1881) 49 Flippantly tapping at the doors of thought. t Fli'pper, sb . 1 Obs. rare -1 . In 4 fliper. [f. Flip v. + -er 1.] A flippant and unreliable person. c 1400 Cato's Morals in Cursor M. App. iv. 7. 1669 For- sof> flipers and alle fals flaters I rede sore J>oii fle. Flipper(fli-pai), sb* [f. Flipzl -l-er 1 .] 1 . A limb used to swim with; c.g. any limb in a turtle; in a seal or walrus, esp. the fore-limb; the fore-limb of a cetacean ; the wing of a penguin; the fin of a fish. 1822 Manuy Voy. Greenland 39 The fore paws or flippers [of the seal]. 1868 Nat. Encycl. I. 955 Their [penguins'] wings are true flippers. 1885 Wood in Longm. Mag. V. 408 The fore limbs of the whale are technically named flippers. 2 . transf. The hand. 1832 Marryat N. Forster \ lii, I like to touch the flipper of one who has helped to shame the enemy. 1840 Barham Ingol. Leg ., St. Gengulphus xx, They cut off his ‘ flippers', As the Clerk, very flippantly, term’d his fists. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s. v., The boatswain's mate exulted in having 1 taken a lord by the flipper ’. 3 . Theat. ‘ Part of a scene, hinged and painted on both sides, used in trick changes ’ (Farmer). 4 . U.S. — Flapjack {Cent. Diet.). 5 . Comb ., as flipper-like adj. 1889 P. H. Emerson Eng. Idylls 133 Holding their shaking sides with their brawny flipper-like hands. Fli'pper-de-flapper. Obs. exc .dial. [Echoic ] (See quot. 1847). 1640 King < 5 * Poore North. Man 36 in Hazl. E. P. P. IV. 307, I nere saw such a flipper de flapper before. 1847 Halliwell, Flipper-de-flapper , noise and confusion caused by show. Sussex. Flipperty-flopperty (flipruti^pporti), a. That ‘ goes flip-flop’; loose, dangling. •859 Sala Tw. round Clock (1861) 83 She is a gaunt, awkward girl, in a‘ flibberty-flobberty ' hat. 1869 Trollope He knew, etc., xii, He had .. one of those flipperty-flop¬ perty things on his head, that the butcher-boys wear Flippery (fii-peri). rare. + 1 . = Frippery. a 1616 Beaum. & Fl. Wit without M. 11. v, If I be brought . .to carry..any gentle Lady of the Laundry, .behinde my gelding, with all her Streamers, Knapsacks, Glasses, Gu- gawes, as if I were a running flippery. 2 . Flippancy. 1819 Metropolis III. 86 He had a flippery in writing, ct voila tout. 1863 Ouida Held in Bondage I. vi. 131 ‘ Mustn’t she be a horrid, heartless, little bit of flippery?' + rii’ppet. Obs. rare. [f. Flip; cf. Flappet ] A narrow streamer. 1640 Parkinson Theat. Bot. 291 With a long peece or flippet as it were, at one side of the top. Flird,^. Sc. [Possibly repr. OE. fleanl trifle: see Flerd. But cf. Du. Jlarden splinters, shivers.] * Anything that is thin and insufficient, as a thin piece of cake, board, etc.’; ‘anything viewed as a gaudy toy 9 ; in plural , ‘worn-out clothes’, ‘ vain finery ’ (Jam.). 1788 E. Picken Poems 62 Thae flirds o’ silk, brought owre the seas. t Flird, v. Sc. Obs. Also 6 flyrd. [Of obscure origin ; cf. Fleer v.] intr. ?To sneer, gibe. Jamieson has the senses ‘ to bounce, brag, also to flirt’ as current in modern Sc. use. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems lvii. 9 Sum flyrd is ; sum feyn^eis; and sum flattiris. t Fli'rdom. Obs. Sc. In 6 Ayr-, 7 flirdom(e. [? Connected with prec.] Bounce, bluster, pre¬ tence ; also, a braggart. <71450 Henryson Poems (1865) *4 2 Schir Tod, tak ye the flyrdome, and the foil, I haif respite ane yeir. c 1500 Auchinleck Citron. (1819) 15 pan paj come with a flyrdome & said pat paj come for na III of him ne his childer. 1508 Kennedie Fly ting iv. Dunbar 494 A myten, full of flyting, [the] flyrdom lyke. a 1605 Montgomerie Flyting w. Pot- wart 90 Foule flirdome wanfucked, tersell of a taide ! Flire, flirr(e, obs. ff. Fleer v. Flirt (flwt), sb. Also 6 flirte, flyrt, 7 flert, 6-8 flurt, (7 flurte). [f. next.] + 1 . A smart tap or blow, a rap, fillip. (Also fig.). Obs. exc. dial. 2577 Breton Flourish upon Fancy (Grosart) 18/1 Thus euerie one would haue a flyrt, ere I could get out free. 1621 Fletcher Pilgrim in. iii, One flurt at him, and then I am for the voyage. C1691 Bag/ord Ball. (1878) App,, I’ll give you a good flurt on tire Ear. 1855 E. Waugh Lane. Li/e (1857) .'-’9 Aw caren’t a flirt abeawt it. 1888 Sheffield GIqss.. I lil t , a slight blow or fillip with the thumb and finger. 2 . A sudden jerk or movement, a quick throw or cast, a darting motion. Of wind ; A gust. c 1590 Greene Fr. Bacon vii. 119 Out with your blades.. Haue a flurt and a crash. 1666 Spurstowe Spir. Chym. (1668) 116 As weak as the Grashoppers who give only a small flirt upwards, and then fall down to the Earth again. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. m. 15 There may be some¬ times some small flurts of a Westerly Wind on these Coasts. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 102 r 5 The next Motion is that of unfurling the Fan, in which are comprehended several little Flirts and Vibrations. 1789 G. White Set- borne xl. (1853) 140 Hedge-sparrows have a remarkable flirt with their wings. 1830 N. S. Wheaton Jml. 205 He . .tosses out his arm with a flirt and a flourish, i860 Hughes Tom Brown at Ox/, in Macm. Mag. II. 58 With a joyful squeak and flirt of his hind-quarters in the air. 330 f 3 . A smart stroke of wit, a joke, a jest; a gibe, jeer, scoff. Obs. 1549 Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Eph. v. 4 Vayne flirtes and lestes. 1613 Sir E. Hoby Counter-snarle 21 His next flurte is at my witt. a 1655 in Anecd. «$■ Trad. (Camden) 24 She had a flurt at them presently, a 1713 Eliavood Auto- biog. 101 He would sometimes .. cast out a jesting Flurt at me. 1726 Swift Lett. Wks. 1841 II. 584 Open reproaches, jesting flirts and contumelious terms. t b. Of a person : One who mocks or finds fault. 1602 W. Bas Sword Buckler x lv, The prescise flirts of eu’ry trades-mans stall Whose busie tongues, .defiles Our honest sort with vomited reviles. t 4 . A fickle, inconstant person. 1577 Breton Flourish upon Fancy (Grosart) 8/1 Fie on thee Fancie, flatteryng flyrt. 1689 T. Plunket Char. Gd. Commander 2 Nor is he one that's Valiant at a spurt; No, no, he’s far from being such a flurt. f 5 . A woman of a giddy, flighty character ; ‘a pert young lmssey’ (J.). 1562 Phaer AEneid ix. Cc ij, Your study chief is daunse in pampryng feasts with giglet flirts. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. li. iv. i (1651) 143 A peevish drunken flurt, a waspish cholerick slut. 1623 B. Jonson Time Vind. Wks. (Rtldg.) 636/1 To salute the Skirts Of her, to whom all Ladies else are Flirts. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 84 IP 3 My aunt told me she was a forward flirt. 1774 W. Whitehead Song for Ranclagh, Plays Poems II. 224 Ye belles, and ye flirts, and ye pert little things, Who trip in this frolicsome round. f b. A woman of loose character. 1600 Breton PasquiVs FooVs-cap 22/2 Call’d a Foolish flirt .. When all the world is witnesse to her shame. 1676 Etheredge Man of Mode 11. i. (1684) 17 An idle Town Flurt, with a painted Face. 1703 Tiioresby in Ray's Lett . (1718] 328 A Flurt, a light House-wife. 6. One who flirts, or plays at courtship, a. Said of a woman. 1748 Richardson Clarissa I. ii. 8 She was not one of those flirts . .who would give pain to a person that deserved to be well-treated. 1782 Wolcott (P. Pindar) Odes to R. Acade¬ micians v. Wks. 1812 I. 24 How else could he have caught that handsome flirt? 1796 Jane Austen Pride <$• Prej. viii. (1813) 202 A flirt too, in the worst and meanest degree of flirtation. 1880 Webb Goethe's Faust in. viii, To bend the dainty little flirt To be conformable to your commands. b. Said of a man. a 1732 Gay Distress'd Wife 11. Wks. (1772) 293 A flirt, One who gives himself all the airs of making love in public. 1863 Ouida Held in Bondage 1 . xii. 274 Sabretasche had an universal reputation as a most unscrupulous flirt. C. A person to flirt with. 1779 Gentl. Mag. XLIX. 357 The General [Howe] has found another Desdemona at Philadelphia, .who is now his Excellency’s flirt. ^1817 Jane Austen Lady Susan vii. (1879) 217 When I have inspired him with greater respect for me., he maybe an agreeable flirt. 1848 Thackeray V'an. Fair xxv, General Tufto is a great flirt of mine. 7 . Watch-making. ‘A lever or other device for causing sudden movement of mechanism ’ (Britten). 1786 Trans. Soc. Encourag. Arts IV. 175 The usual way of discharging the chime is by a flirt. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch <$• Clockm. 124 The independent seconds hand is generally discharged by a flirt taking into a pinion. 8. Comb., as flirt-wort (see quot.). 1882 F riend Devon Plant-71 ., Flirtivort, Pyrethrum Parthenium , a name apparently nearly died out, but which was common in South Devon some years ago as the designa¬ tion of the Feverfew. Flirt (float), v. Also 6 flyrtt, 6-S flurt, 7 flert. [Onomatopoeic; cf. flick,flip, flerk, spurt, squirt .] 1 . trans. To propel or throw with a jerk or sudden movement; often, to propel by a blow from the finger-nail released from the thumb. Also with away, off, out. Cf. Fillip v. i. 1583 Stanyhurst Ac?tcis m. JArb.) 84 Scylla .. lurcketh, Close and slilye spying, too flirt thee nauye to rock bane. 1602 Dekker Satiromastix Wks. 1873 I. 235 Tis thy fashion to flirt inke in everie mans face. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. vi. 88 A little wand That bended end to end, and flerted from the band Fane off itself doth cast. 1710 Swift Tatler No. 238 p 3 That Sprinkling which some careless Qu£an Flirts on you from her Mop. 1735 J. Moore Columbarium 5 To keep ’em from flirting the Grain over on the Floor. 1812 G. Colman Br. Grins, Lady 0/Wreck 1. xviii, Flirting his sweet and tiny shower Upon a milk-white April flower. 1875 Darwin Insect iv. PI. xvii. 406 Minute particles of glass .. disappeared so suddenly that I thought I had flirted them off, 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. 11. xviii, ‘ I don’t care what you call it’, said Mab, flirting away her thimble. b. With immaterial ; esp. to blurt out (some¬ thing spoken). 1641 Vox Borealis Dj, Then the Foole, be flirts out his folly. 1649 G. Daniel Trinarch., Rich. II, cccxli, The Arch-Bishop still Flirting Divinitie against the Throne. 1652 News fr. Low-Countr. 11 If carping Monies shall flurt in Podex’s face A Flout, to blur bis Matter with Dis¬ grace. 1889 Mark Twain (Clemens) Yankee Crt. K. A rthnr (Tauchn.) II. 51 Of course I whet up now and then and flirt out a minor prophecy. f 2 . To give (a person) a sharp, sudden blow or knock ; to rap, strike. Cf. FiLLir v. 2. *563 87 Foxe A. M. (1631) III. xii. 881/1 Flirting him vndcr the chin, and on the eares. 1611 Cotgr., Nasarder, to fillip ; to rap, or flirt, on the nose. 1631 Quarles Samson Poems (1717) 327 Some gibe and flout him .. Whilst others flurt him on the starting lips. 3 . To give a brisk, sudden motion to; to flick. Also with out, up. To flirt a fan : to open and close it with a jerk, to wave it smartly. 1665 Earl Dorset To all yon Ladies viii, Whilst you .. Perhaps permit some happier man To kiss your hand or flirt your fan. 1748 Smollett Rod. Rand. I. 343 She .. flirted her fan with such a fury. 1761 Mrs. F. Sheridan Sidney Bidulph II. 62 One of the windows was already up, and I flurted up the other. 1798 Bloomfield Farmer s Boy, Summer 78 The small dust-colour’d beetle .. flirts his filmy wings, and looks around. 1834 R. Mudie Brit. Birds (1841) I.11 In those birds which have a habit of flirting up the tail. 1855 Browning Lovers' Quarrelx, Teach me to flirt a fan As the Spanish ladies can. 1855 Smedley H. Coverdale iv. 20 Harry again impatiently flirted the whip over the ears of ‘My Old Aunt Sally’. 1893 R. Kipling Many Invent. 229 He flirted the dinghy round the big ship. b. absol. or intr. Of a turkey-cock; To set up its feathers, rare ~ *. 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes tv, iii. 186 If you had but rusht and flurted like a Turky cocke. + 4 . a. intr. To turn up one’s nose; hence, to sneer, gibe, scoff at. Also of the nostrils :* To be turned up or dilated, as if sneering (the earliest re¬ corded use), b. trans. To sneer or scoff at, flout (not clearly distinguishable from fig. use of 2). Obs. 1 S 53 Eden Treat. Newc Ind. (Arb.) 23 They haue .. nosethrilles flyrtting vpwarde & wyde. 1603 Florio Mon¬ taigne 1. 1 . 165 Diogenes, .in. .rowling of his tub, and Hurt¬ ing [Fr. hochant du ncs] at Alexander. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. 27 Derided, and flurted at by diuers of the baser people, a 1734 North Lives (1826) I. 63 Mr. Jones, .could not forbear flirting at him, as—‘Come, Mr. Deputy Attorney, what have you to say now ’ ? b. 1593 Nashe 4 Lett. Confut. Wks. (Grosart) II. 211 Titius shall not vpbraid Caius .. nor Zoylus anie more flurt Homer. 1621 Fletcher Pilgrim 1. i, I’le not be foold nor flurted. 1686 Catholic Reprcsenter 11. 73 You that fleer, and flurt, and blaspheme Everything you do not understand. 5 . intr. To move with a jerk or spring; to spring, dart. Of a winged creature : To take short quick flights. Also with about , away, up. 1583 Stanyhurst A ends 1. (Arb.) 31 Lyke bees .. That flirt in soonbeams. 1601 Holland Pliny II. xx. i. 35 It wil leape & flurt in the handling, .against their faces. 1680 Toju <$• Will 90 in Roxb. Ball., 't hree or four.. did flirt away. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. 148 In flurting about (as all Fish will when first taken), a 1800 Cowper tr. Milton s Damon 144 The sparrow .. Flirts here and there, and late returns to rest. 1822 J. Flint Lett. Amer. 234 The velocity of every plunge made her long loose hair flirt up as if [etc.]. 1841 R. B. Peake Court City 11. i. (Stage direction), As he approaches nearer, she flirts from him. 1887 Stevenson Treas. Franchard vi, With the tails of his night-shirt flirt¬ ing as he turned. 1890 Gloucester Gloss, s. v., ‘The paper must have flirted into the fire/ t 6- To flit inconstantly from one object to another. Obs. 1578 T. Proctor Gorg. Gallery (1814) 133 Did love you intrap? .. That now you be flurting, and will not abide. 1707 J- Stevens tr. Qucvedo's Com. Wks. (1709) 348 Do not flirt, or fly from one thing to another. 7 . To play at courtship ; to practise coquetry ; to make love without serious intentions. Often, to flirt with (a person) ; also in indirect passive. 1777 Garrick Prol. Sheridan's Sch. Scand., If Mrs. B. will still continue flirting. 1793 Earl Buchan Anon. V. Lamm, xxviii, There is something in Miss Ashton’s change .. too sudden and too serious for a mere flisk of her own. 2 . A fillip with the finger. In a Jlisk : ‘in a jiffy’ ( Whitby Gloss. 1855). 1891 Atkinson Last of Giant-Killers 86 So down his throat she goes in a flisk. 3 . In various concrete senses: a. A ‘whisk’ made of twigs or horsehair for brushing away dust, dies, etc. (Halliwell 1847, Berks. Gloss. 1888). b. Alarge-toothedcomb(IIalliwelli847, JV.Cornw. Gloss. 1880). c. A syringe {Whitby Gloss. 1876). Flisk, a. ? Obs. [f. next. Cf. Flig a.] 1680 Loud. Gaz. No. 1563/4 A Black Mare, about 15 hands with a flisk Tail, lame on the near foot before. 1721 Ibid. No. 6000/3 Stolen. .a black Mare, .with a Flisk Tail. Flisk (disk), v. Now dial, [onomatopoeia expressive of a sudden movement through the air; cf. whiskl\ 1 . intr. To move or dance about in a frolicsome way; to frisk. Of a horse: To be restive. 1596 Gosson Picas. Quifs no, Fannes..To flit away the flisking flies, a 1689 \V. Ci.ei.and Effigies Clcri Poems (1697) 62 Which make some Brethren flisk and fling. 1786 Burns A aid Farmers Nc'iv- Year Saint, xii. Thou never braindg't an’ fetch’t, an' fliskit. 1887 Mod. Scott. Poets Ser. x. 58 The hungry honey bees That rtisked and feasted there. 2 . trails. To make restless and uneasy; to put out, displease. 1792 A. Douglas Poems (1806) 71 But, Willie lad, tak’ my advice, An’ at it binna fliskit. 1862 HtstoP Prov. Scot. 60 Fashious fools are easiest flisket. 3 . To dick, knock about. Also, to spurt, sprinkle. 1847 Halliwell, Flisk, to flick, as with a whip. Line. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Flisk , to squirt liquids, 1890 Gloucester Gloss, s.v., Don’t get flisking that corn about. Fli'skmahoy. Sc. [f. Flisk v. Jamieson gives also Fliskmahaigo with similar sense ; the unmeaning endings may have been suggested by the place-names Dalmahoy and Lesmahago .] A flighty girl ; a woman who gives herself airs. 1816 Scott Antiq. xxxv, ‘That silly fliskmahoy, Jenny Rintherout.’ 1818 — Hrt. Midi. 1 , ‘Seeing I hae prought worthy Mrs. Putler sic a fliskmahoy.' Flisky (di ski), aA [f. Flisk sb. or v. + -y T] 1 . Sc. Flighty, frolicsome; of a horse: Skittish. 1807 Hogg Auld Ettrick John 8 Mount. Bard 195 Auld Johnie’s flisky dame. 1856 G. Henderson Pop. Rhymes Berwick. 48 You’re like Adam Black’s pony, Flisky, pranky—and no very canny. 1880 Antrim $ Down Gloss., Flisky, skittish, specially applied to a mare which kicks when touched on the flank. 2 . south, dial. (See quots.) 1866 Blackmore Cradoek Nowell xxxi, First come fitful scuds of rain, ‘flisky’ rain they call it. Flit (flit), sb. [f. nextvb.] The action of flitting, a. A removal, b. A light movement, as of a bird’s wing ; a flutter; a light touch. a. 1835 N. P. Willis in L’Estrange Friendships Miss Mitford (1882) I. 289 A flit from London and a visit to Reading. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss, s. v. Flit , ‘ A moonlight flit \ a decampment by night with the furniture, to cheat the landlord. b. 1873 Miss Thackeray Old Kensington xii. 99 There was a vague flit and consternation in the darkness at the farther end of the room. 1877 Blackmore Erema III. liv. 242 A flit of fancy touched me. 1880 — Mary Anerley xxvi. Kneading it firmly with some rapid flits of thumb. f Flit, a . poet. Obs. Also Hitt. [var. of Fleet a., the form being influenced by Flit v. Cf. also Flight a.] a. Swift, nimble, quickly-moving, b. Fleeting, shifting ; light, airy, unsubstantial. a. 1590 Spenser F. Q. ii. iv. 38 And in his hand two dartes exceeding flit, And deadly sharp, he held. Ibid. in. xi. 39 Now, like a stag; now, like a faulcon flit. 1600 Fairfax Tasso xiv. lxxii. 265 That flit birde that Ioues hot weapon beares. b. 1590 Spenser F. Q. hi. x. 57 On the rockes he fell so flit and light, That he thereby receiv’d no hurt at all. Ibid. in. i. 56 Therewith a while she her flit fancy fedd. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple I si. vii. vii, Life it self’s as flit as is the aire we breathe. Flit (flit), v. F orms : 3-4 flitten, Orm. flit- tenn, 3 flut(t)eu, 3-6 flytt(e, 4-6 flyt(e, 4-9 flitt(e, (6 fliet), 4- flit. 1 ’a. t. 3 flutte, 4 flitt, 5 flette, flyt, 6 flit. Pa.pple. 4 yflit, iflut, 7 flit, [ME. Jlilten , flatten , a. iff. flytja (Sw .Jlylta, Da. jlytte), f. *Jlut- weak grade of the root of fliola: see Fleet vA] 1 . trans. To remove, transport, or take away to another place; to transfer from one position to another; to remove (a person) from his house or habitation. Now chiefly Sc. or dial. c 1200 Ormin 15648 To flittenn menn till heflhess aerd Ut off be defless walde. C1250 Gen. Ex. 1522 Dat folk .. deden him flitten hise ostel. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus v. 1544 As regnes shal ben flitted Fro folk to folk, c 1375 Lay Folks Mass Bk. (MS. B.) 155 pen po prest flyttes his boke north to pat oper auter noke. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. v. 181 A Towne Wes flyttyd out of pat ilke plas Quhare it fowndyt and byggyt was. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 3442 In to pat my body flitt. 1558 in Balfour Practicks (1754) 106 Scho may not flit nor remove the teuentis, occupiaris of the samin. 1572 ScmpillBall. xxix. (1872) 152 That sum of thame mon flit thair kist. c 1640 J. Smyth Lives Berkeleys (1883) 1 .155 This lord, .exchanged, removed, and flitted part of his Cattle .. from one manor to another. 1782 Sir J. Sinclair Obscrv. Scot. Dial. 84 To E/it, to remove any thing in general, particularly furniture. 1807 Overseer s Acet. in Rutland Gloss. { 1891) s.v., For flit ing sarali Hails is. 6d. 1861 Dasent Burnt Njal II. 40 They flitted home their goods and laid up the ship. 1863 Baring Gould Iceland 257 One fine afternoon he flitted his guest out to the island. b. spec. To shift (a tethered animal, occas. the tether) from one spot to another, when it has eaten all the grass within reach; hence, to tether. Also, to shift the position of (a sheep-fold). 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 18 To flyte it [the shcpefolde] euery mornynge or nyght. Ibid. § 148 Fly tie hym [thy horse] as oft as thou wylt. 1786 Burns Auld Farmers New-Year Salut. xviii, Wi' tentie care I’ll flit thy tether, To some hain’d rig. 1816 Sir A. Boswell Skeldon Haiighs 44 A Sow upon your land I’ll tether .. But deil a inan o’ Kyle shall flit her. 1881 Leicester Gloss, s. v., The goot (goat) were flitted to the middle cloo’es-poost. + c. Of a boat, etc.: To serve to transport. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 25709 (Cott.) Penance is pat oper bord, pat fletand flittes man ouer ford .. it schal him hauen of nierci win. 1375 Barbour Bruce m. 420 It [the bate] sa litill wes, that It Mycht our the wattir bot thresum flyt. d. A’aut. (See qnots., and Fleet vA 12.) 1750 T. R. Blanckley Naval Expos., Flitting, altering or removing a dead Eye in the Low or Top-mast Shrouds and Backstays, either to lengthen or shorten them, is called Flitting. 1793 Smeaton Edystonc L. § 143 In this way we proceeded flitting the tackle and lowering till our anchor was grounded. Ibid. 158 Having so many times to stop, overhawl, and flit, .the work could not go on very speedily. J 2 . To remove, get rid of (a thing); to drive away (an insect). Obs. c 1350 Will. Palcrnc 623 Fele times haue ich fonded to flitte it fro |>ou}t. c 1400 Rom. Rose 1812 So sore it stikid whan I was hit, That by no craft I might it flit. 1596 Gosson Pleas. Quips 110 Fannes. .To flit away the flisking flies. f 3 . To change the condition or direction of; to alter, cause to deviate or waver; to pervert (law). Obs. c 1200 Ormin T3414 sen patt icc am flittedd nu Fra da:p to lif onn erpe. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Lucia 279 par-with for to flit hyre thocht. 1393 Gower Conf III. 183 If he wolde flitte The lawe for the covetise. 14.. Lydg. Temple of Glas 1248 Late not 3oure corage ne 3oure force fail, Ne non assautes 30V flitten or remeve. f 4 . reji. To betake oneself, go, direct one’s course. Obs. c 1200 Ormin 15853 Uss birrp a}} Uss flittenn towarrd Criste. Ibid. 18038 Swa patt te33. .Wei sholldenn mu^henn flitten hemm & ferrsenn fra pe defell. 13.. in Horstmann Altcngl. Leg. II. 97 Bot pou flit pe ferr, For his sake pou sal far (pe) vverr. 5 . intr. To shift one’s position, either in a mate¬ rial or immaterial sense ; to be gone, depart, pass away, remove. Also with away, or const, from, 1 * of, out of, to. c 1200 Ormin 12765 O patt operr da}} Toe Jesu Crist to flittenn Inntill pe land off Galile. a 1240 Sawlcs Warde in Cott. Horn. 251 Ferliche ha flutteft from pe heate in to pe cliele. a 1300 Cursor 71 /. 12487 (Cott.) pan flitted pai vntil a tun pat cleped was chaphar-naum. 1340 Hamfole Pr. Consc. 3762 When a man fra pis world sal flitte. c 1400 Rom. Rose 5359 Whan it [Richesse] failith, lie [Love] wol flit. 1471 Ripley Comp. A Ich. iv. vii. in Ashm. (1652) 145 Out of thy mynde let not thys lesson flyt. 1529 More Comf. agst. Crib. 1. Wks. 1147/2 But yf our self flyt from hym. 1576 .Gosson Speculum Hum. in Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 76 His lyfe shall flit, when most he trustes the same. 1619 J. Welsh in Wodr. Soc. Mi sc. 562 To flit owt of this lyfe. 1642 H. More Song of Soul in. 11. xliii, Nor is his masters knowledge from* him flit Into his scholars head. 1695 Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth 1. (1723) 38 The Sea fre¬ quently flitted and changed its place. 1790 Burns Tam o' Shantcr vii, Like the Borealis race, That flit ere you can point their place. 1858 Fkoude Hist. Eng. IILxiii. 100 Towards the fall of the summer, clergy from the southern counties had been flitting northward. 1868 Hawthorne Amcr. Note-bks. (1879) II. 65 Our spirits must have flitted away unconsciously. + b. To depart, deviate, swerve from a custom, justice, law, etc. Obs. c 1200 Orm!N 13430 3 u\v iss nu bape god & ned.. To flittenn o piss operr da}} Fra deofless & fra sinness. a 1420 Hoccleve Dc Reg. Princ. 2704 To suche a jugge with- drawe the hope Of money, and he fro justice flittethe. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7903 Fra aide custome pai walde no3t flytt. 1571 Campion Hist. Ircl. xi. xi. (1633) 72 Vivian the legate .. doth, .excommunicate all those that flitte from the obeysance of the Kings of England. + c. Of a horseman: To lose his seat and fall to the ground. Obs. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Troy 1. ix, From his sadell .. he made him flytte Downe to the ground. 1458 in Turner Dom . Archit. III. 41 Soniouteof her sadels flette to the grounde. a 1605 Montgomerie Misc. Poems xii. 51 Some perforce flittis On grund. •f cl. quasi -trans. To migrate from (a place); to change (places); to shift (one’s camp, etc.). c 1530 R. Brunne Chron. IVace (Rolls) 13654 Wyfi force he mde hem flitte fiet stede. 1570 Buchanan Chamxleon Wks. (1892) 52 The moist part flittit camp and went to Lynlythquow. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk <$• t>elv . 139 Spirits change their Beings .. far otherwise than bodies do when they flit places. 1715 Roxb. Ball. VI. 620 While I have might, I will you fight, from Stirling flit your Den, Sir. 42-2 FLITCH 332 FLITTER. 0 . To remove from one habitation to another, change one’s residence, 4 move \ Chiefly north. or Sc. (In proverbial expressions often opposed to sit.) 1504 PlumptonCorr. 191 ,1 will flitt at this next Mighelmas. a *553 Udall Royster D. 11. iii. (Arb.) 36 Fast for to sitte and not oft to flitte. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 135 Theire desire .. is to goe to theire newe masters eyther on a Tewsday, or on a Thursday; for .. they say Munday flitte, Neaver sitte. 1721 Kelly Scot. Proz>. io$ Fools are fain of flitting, and wise Men of sitting. 1871 C. Gibbon For Lack of Gold v, When you need to flit, there’s a house of mine standing empty that you can take at any time. f 7 . To change from one state, condition, or di¬ rection to another ; to alter, shift about, give way. c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. P 295 God .. that may not chaunge and flitte. c 1430 How lPise Man taugt Son 116 in Babees Bk. (1868)51 Nciper hasti for to chaunge ne flitte. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems lxvi. 95 Of this fals faibeand warld 1 tyre, That ever more flytis lyk ane phane. 1590 Spenser F. Q. 1. iv. 5 On a sandie hill, that still did Hitt And fall away, it [the Pallace] mounted was full hie. a 1605 Mont¬ gomerie Misc. Poemsxxx i. 58 If ?e he constant, I sail neuer change; If }e be fickle, I am forc't to flitt. 1725 Ramsay Gent. Sheph. n. iv. (1875) 33 Your thoughts may flit, and I may thole the wrang. 1816 Coleridge Statesm. Man. App. 35 The intellectual eyes of the Many flit, and are in¬ capable of looking fixedly toward the God-like. b. Of a flame : To die down. 1839 Marryat Pliant. Ship xi, Like a candle burnt down to the socket, flitting and flaring alternately. 1887 Swin¬ burne Locrine 1. i. 261 Thy smile is as a flame that plays and flits. 8. T o move along, pass, proceed ; to pass lightly or softly and (usually) with rapidity or suddenness. Often with adverbs, as about, away, by, to and fro, etc. Said both of material and immaterial things. c 1430 Lydg. Bochas 11. vi. (1554) 42 b, Or that I any farther flitte. .Todiuines this matter I cominitte. C1440 YorkMyst. xv. 34 Flitte faste ouere thees felles. 1613 Purchas Pil¬ grimage iv. viii. (1614) 386 Forced to flee to the inountaines where he liued three months .. flitting vp and downe with ten or twelue followers. 1618 Bolton Floras Pref., The varietie of matter makes the minde abruptly flit from one thing to another. 1642 H. Moke Song of Soul 1. 11. v, Sith my wandring Bark so far is gone, And flitten forth upon the Ocean main. 1781 Cowper Rctirem. 192 The clouds that flit, or slowly float away. 1810 Scott Lady of L. in. xi, When flits this Cross from man to man. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick, xvi, Postmen .. flit to and fro. 1851 Helps Comp. Solit. xiii. (1874) 246, I seemed to see the various races who had occupied the spot flit by. 1864 Tennyson Aylmer's F. 202 Unawares they flitted off, Busying them¬ selves about the flowerage. b. esp. Of a bird or other winged creature : To fly lightly and swiftly; also, to make short and swift flights, to flutter. 1535 Coverdale 2 Esdras v. 6 And the foules shal flyt, and the Sodomitysh see shall cast out his fish. 1556 J. Hey wood Spider $ F. liv. 34 Downe the flie againe flitth. 1590 Spenser F. Q. hi. xi. 42 Faire Pegasus that flitteth in the ayre. 1700 Dryden Fables , Meleager § Atalanta 401 With wings endu’d .. and sent to flit in air. 1817 Campbell Poems , Reullura 17 The bat flits to and fro. 1864 Tennyson Eft. A rd. 269 Like the caged bird escaping suddenly, The little innocent soul flitted away. c. Of time : To pass away. *573 Baret Alv. F 706 Time flitted away quickly. 1583 Stanyhurst A ends 1. (Arb.) 26 Hee shal bee the regent, vntil yeers thirtye be flitted. 1868 Morris Earthly Par. I. 72 So smoothly o’er our heads the days did flit, f 9 . To sustain existence, to live by (i.e. upon). Obs . [Cf. ON. flytia to provide with necessaries (a fig. appli¬ cation of the original sense ‘ to ferry, help forward ’), whence 1 efl.flytjask to maintain oneself.] a 1225 Ayer. R. 202 Al so ^iscet) a ^issare Vet moni pusunt muhten bi flutten [printed biflutten]. Ibid. 428 Non anere seruant ne ouhte .. uorto asken i-sette huire, bute mete & clo 5 pet heo mei vlutten bi. lienee fFlit, Flrtted, f Flrtten ppl. a ., that has gone away, departed. 1590 Spenser F. Q. 1. vii. 21 So hardly he the flitted life does win Unto her native prison to retourne. 1642 H. More Song of Soul 11. ii. 11. xxxviii, The. .flitten or shrunk spright. Ibid. 11. iii. 1. xxix, All flit souls be not in the same taking. Flit, var. of Fleet z/. 2 , to skim. Flitch (Hit]’), sbf Forms : a. 1 flicci, flicce, 5 flykke, 5-6 flik, flyk(e, (5 flickke, 6 flycke), 6-7 (S, 9 dial.) flick. / 3 . 3-4 flic(c)he, (5 vlycch, 6 fli(e)ch), 5-6 flitche, flytche, (bfleetch, 9 dial. fleech, fleach), 6-flitch. [OE. flicce ?str. neut., corresp. to MLG. vlike, vlicke , ON. Jlikki (MDa. flykke):— OTeut. *J/ikkjo m , f. root *JlTk } found in ON. flik rag, and peril, in Fleck sb.~\ 1 . The side of an animal, now only of a hog, salted and cured ; a 4 side ’ of bacon. a. a 700 Epinal Gloss. 774 Pema , flicci. 805-3X Charters xxxvii. 18 in O. E. Texts 444 Tun flicca. 901-9 Charter Eadweard in Cod. Dipl. V. 164 Feor fliccu. c 1000 Ags. Voc. in Wr.-Wulcker Foe. 272/5 Pema , flicce. 1462 Test. Ebor. II. 261, iiij. bakon-fliks, ij. beffe-fliks. a 1529 Skelton Col, Cloute 846 A bacon flycke. 1643 Inv. Skipton Castle in Whitaker Craven (1805) 302, 35 great large beefe flicks. <71746 J. Collier (Tim Bobbin) Lane. Dialect. Gloss., Flick, a flitch of bacon. 1859 Geo. Eliot A. Bede iv, ‘ Thee lookst as white as a flick o’ new bacon.’ 0 . c 1230 Ilali Meui. 37 Seo 5 pe cat at pe fliche. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 26 There fonde he .. many goed flytehes of bacon. 1577 B. Googe Heresbaclis Itusb. hi. (1586) 152 b, Cutting out the Head, the Gammon and the fleetches, pouder them with salt. 1597-8 Bp. H all Sat. iv. iv. 32 Dried fliches of some smoked beeue. 1710 Swift Baucis Philemon 25 He from out the Chimney took A Flitch of Bacon off the Hook. 1859 Jepmson Brittany v. 55 From . .the ceiling hung a goodly row of. .flitches of bacon. transf. 1648 Herrick Hcspcr., Bacchus , He .. walks with dangling breeches. .And shewes his naked flitches. b. The 4 flitch * presented yearly at Dunmow, in Essex, to any married couple who could prove that they had lived in conjugal harmony for a year and a day. (Also at Wichnor : see quot. a 1509.) 1362 [see Flitchen]. a 1509 in Dugdale Baronage (1676) II. 106/2 The said Sir Philip shall fynde. .one Bacon flyke, hanging in his Halle at Whichenore .. to be given [etc.]. 1615 Ilist. Robert Fitz-walter 25 One Richard Wright .. came and required of the Bacon of Dunmow .. And there was deliuered vnto the said Richard, one fleech of Bacon. 1820 Combe Dr. Syntax, Consol. 1. (Chandos) 125 They might have claim’d or I'm mistaken With conscience clear the Flitch of Bacon. 2 . a. A square piece of blubber from a whale, b. A steak cut from a halibut. 1787 Hunter in Phil. Trans. LXXVII. 394 The adipose covering from all of the Whale kind that is brought home in square pieces, called flitches. 1884 [see Flitch vA], 3 . A slice cut lengthways from the trunk of a tree, usually having the natural surface as one of its sides. 1823 Moor Suffolk Wds., Fleeches, the portions into which a tree or piece of timber is cut by the saw. 1867 Smyth Sailor s IFord-bk ., Flitch, the outside cut or slab of a tree. 1873 J. Richards Wood-working Factories 126 In America lumber is. .not cut first into deals or flitches for transporta¬ tion, and then sawed again to sizes, as in Europe. 1875 T. Laslett Timber xxvi. 190 Those [trees] with faulty centres furnish .. pieces unequally sided, called flitches, b. Carpentry. (See quot.) 1874 Knight Diet. AIcch. I. 883/1 Flitch, a. One of several associated planks fastened side by side to form a compound beam, or built-beam. b. A bolt of planks, united by the stub-shot. 4 . Comb., as flitch-beam, -ware (see quots.). 1884 Knight Diet, blech. IV. 348/1 Flitch Beam , a beam made in layers of material pinned together. 1750 Ellis Mod. Husbandm. VII. ii. 60 Flitch-ware , that which is turned out of the intire round part of the [beech] tree. Flitch (flitj), sb. 2 rare. [Onomatopoeic; cf. flick, switch, twitch .] A flick or stroke. 1893 G. D. Leslie Lett, to Marco xvi. 106 They give continually a little sort of jerky flitch with their wings. Flitch ;flitj), v. 1 Also fletch. [f. Flitcii sbP] trans. a. To cut (a log) into flitches, also, to cut as a flitch is cut. b. To cut (halibut) into flitches or steaks. Hence Flitching vbl. sb., in quot. attrib. 187s T. Laslett Timber xxvi. 193 Great care is .. neces¬ sary in .. flitching the log. Ibid. xxvi. 202 Planks. .Hitched from some of the hollow trees. 1883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 197 Finning and flitching knives. 1884 Knight Diet. AIcch. iy. 348 Flitching Knife , for slicing halibut into steaks or flitches. Flitch (flitj - ), v.- dial. [?var. of Flit a. ON. Jlytja.\ a. rcjl. = Flit v. 4. b. intr. for ref. = Flit v. 5. 1555 Abp. Parker Ps. Iv. 157, I would me flitche, From hence to wildernes. 1787 W. Marshall Norfolk (1795) II. Gloss., Flitch , to move from place to place; as from farm to farm. 1857 Wright Diet. Provinc ., Flitch, to move from place to place. Fli tchen. Obs. exc. dial. Also 4 flucchen, 7 flitchin. [f. Flitch sb. 1 + -en 1.] = Flitch. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. x. 189 pau} pei don hem to [donmowe..] To folewen aftur be Flucchen, fecche pei hit neuere. 1658 MS. I)iv. of Goods (Nares) Fewer flitch ins of bacon in the chimney. 1786 Loud. Mag. Mar. 158 Bacon As good as e’er cut off a flitchen. 1804 J. Duncumb Hist. Hereford I. 213/1 Gloss. 1879 in Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk. Flite, flyte (floit), sb. Now dial. Forms: 1-3 flit, 3-4, 9 flite, flitt(e, 4-5 flyt, (5 floyt, 7 fleyte), 8 flight, 8- flyte. [OE. flit str. neut., i. flitan (see next): cf. OFris. and OS .flit (Du. vlijt ), OI 1 G .flif (MUG. vl/\, Ger .flciss diligence, zeal.) The flitt of the Cursor AI., where spelling and rime indicate a short vowel, is prob. a parallel formation lepr. OE. geflit.) + 1 . Contention, strife, a dispute ; also, abuse, an abusive speech. Obs. c 1000 Ags. Ps. xlix. [ 1 .] 21 To^eanes sunu inodor Sine Su settest flit, c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 43 Ecli bat is weorldes fiend is ure drihtenes fo, and halt flit wio him. <11300 Cursor M. 24537 (Cott.) Quen i. .thogh apon pat juus flitt, pe tere fell o min ei. c 1400 Ywaine <$• Gaw. 93 Na mar moves me thi flyt Than it war a flies byt. 1600 in Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) IV. 281 Fleytes and pretty taunts, f b. A contest, struggle. Obs. 13. .E. E. Allit. P. B. 421 pe arc .. flote forthe with pe flyt of pe felle wyndez. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vn. 581 The duke of Bedforde .. had a great floyt and batayll with dyuers carykkes of Ieane. 2 . A scolding-match. 1768 Ross Fort. Sheph . 1. iii We’ll ablins get a flyte, an’ ablins nane. 1816 Scott Antiq. xxxix, ‘1 think maybe a flyte wi’ the auld housekeeper at Monkbarns .. would do me some gude.’ 1876 Mid. Yorksh. Gloss., There’s such a flite going on between them. Flite, flyte (Holt), v. Now dial. Forms: Infui. 1-2 flitan, 2-3 fliten, (5 flytin), 3-6, 9 flite, (3 flitte, 5-6 flight, 6 flieht, 9 fleicht, fleyte,) 4- flyte. Pa. t. 1 flat, pi. fliton, fleotun, 4 flytte, 4-5 flot(e, 5, 8 flet(t, 5 flayt, 6 flait, 9 dial, flate. Pa.pple. 1-3 fliten, 4 flytyn, 6 flyt- tyn. [A Com. WGer. str. vb.; OE .flitan = OIIG. jlizyan to strive (MHG. vlizen to be eager; cf. moil.Ger. sich bcjleissen str., to busy oneself).] f 1 . intr. To contend, strive ; also, to contend in words, chide, wrangle. Const, against, on, with. Beowulf 916 (Gr.) Hwilum flitende fealwe strsete mcarum imeton. C900 tr. Bxdds Hist. hi. xiv. [xix.] 212 Da fliton him on pa wgrgan gastas. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 81 Swo mote we flite togenes ure fule lustes. a 1300 Cursor AI. 7556 (Cott.) [Goliath] pus bigan on him [David] to flite. c 1350 Will. Palerne 2545 A noper werkman. .gan flite wip pat felpe pat formest hadde spoke. <1440 Gesta Rom. lxxx. 400 (Add. MS.) Anothere [devil] hade..made hem to chide, ande to flyte, ande feghte. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 720'rhocht mony fuill throw folie with him flyte. 1598 Bernard Terence (1607) 89 He did flite or chide with him. 1725 Ramsay Gent. Sheph. 1. i, Sair, sair she flet wi’ me ’tween ilka smack. fig. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 950 pe wyndez. .wropely vp- wafte & wrastled togeder. .flytande loude. 2 . To scold. Const, at. Now only Sc. and north. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xxxiv. 81 The fische wyffis flett and swoir. a 1592 Greene Alphonsus 11. (Rtldg.) 230/1 Let me die if e’er I flight again, a 1605 Polwart Fly ting w. Montgomerie 739 Why flait thou, foole? 1794 Burns O Steer her up, Gin she take the thing amiss, E’en let her flyte her fill, jo. 1816 Scott Old blort. xvii, * Sudna ye hae come faster up yoursells, instead of fly ting at huz?’ 1853 Blade Chr. Johnstone 70 The men fight..the women fleicht or scold. b. trans. To chide, scold (a person). Obs. cxc. Sc. and north. 14.. Psalms Penit. (ed. Ellis 1894) ci. 18 How he was for us falsly fleten [ rime-wds. writen, wyten, smyten]. 1848 Tales Kirkb. 159 ‘ Dinna flyte me, grandfather.’ 1876 Mid. Yorksh. Gloss, s.v., ‘ He’ll flite you if you do.’ 3 . intr. 4 To debate, to dispute, although with¬ out scolding or violent language’ (Jam.). Obs. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 721 Me come & fatte hire to fliten wi8 pe fifti. 15.. Declar. in Scot. Poems 16th C. II. 267 Off mony thingis they did togedder flyte. f 4 . 4 To pray in the language of complaint, or remonstrance > (Jam.) ; to complain. Obs. c 1400 Melayne 563 Bot forthe he wente, his handis he wrange, And flote with Marye euer ainange. c 1470 Henry Wallace v. 229 Flayt by him self to the Makar off buffe. 1585 Jas. I Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 17 Or when I like great Tragedies to tell: Or flyte, or murne my fate. Fliter, flyter (fbi'toj). Obs. exc. dial. Also 5 fly tar, 6 flytter. [OE .Jlit ere, f. flitan to Elite.] In OE.: A disputcr. In later use: One who scolds ; a scold. a 700 Epinal Gloss. 854 Rabulus, flitere. a 1000 Alone B. 2816 (Bosw.-Toller) Flitera, schismaticornm. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 106/2 Cukstoke, for flyterys, turbuscetum. a 1605 Polwakt Elyting w. Montgomerie 733 Fond flytter ! 1616 R. Rollocke Passion 1 . 500 The Lord was not a flyter, a chyder. 1868 Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., Fliter, a scold, a scolding or abusive person. Flitfold (fli*th?»ld). Sc. and north, dial. [f. Flit v. + Fold j/;.] A fold that may be flitted or moved from place to place. 1743 R. Maxwell Set. Trans. 154 Flaiks, Flit-folds, or Hurdles, may be provided for laying them [Sheep] on the Summer-fallow. 1868 in Atkinson Cleveland Gloss. Fliting, flyting (floi'tiq), vbl. sb. Now dial. [f. Flite v. + -ing h] 1 . The action of the verb Flite ; contention, wrangling; scolding, rebuking ; ]- a reproach. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 13 Twifold speche and ilch fliting of worde. a 1300 Cursor AI. 27742 (Cott. Galba) Wreth. .it makes fliteing. 1435 Misyn Fire of Love 9 No man suld dar presume nor be pryde raise vp hym-self. .when flitynges to hym ar cast. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems Ixxxii. 11 May nane pas throw 3our principall gaittis.. Forfensum flyttingis of defame. 1636 Rutherford Lett, lxxiii. (1863) I. 189 My meek Lord .. would not contend for the last word of flyting. 1816 Scott Antiq. xxxix, ‘I..maun just take what ony Christian body will gie, wi’ few words and nae flyting.’ + b. Sc. Poetical invective; chiefly, a kind of contest practised by the Scottish poets of the 16th c., in which two persons assailed each other alternately with tirades of abusive verse. Obs. 1508 Dunbar Poems {title), The flyting of Dunbar and Kennedie. 1585 Jas. I Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 63 Let all zour verse be Literall. .hot speciallie Tumbling verse for flyting. a 1605 Montgomerie Poems (title), The Flyting betwixt Montgomery and Polwart. 2 . Comb.: fliting-free a., unrestricted in ad¬ ministering rebukes. 1637 Rutherford Lett, clxxxi. (1863) I. 436 Christ is honest, and in that is flyting-free with sinners. 172X Kelly Scot. Prov. 219, I am flyting free with you. Flitter (ffi toi), sbf [f. Flit v. + -er *.] One who or that which flits, a. One who changes his dwelling, b. A fleeting thing. 1554 Bradford in Coverdale Lett. Alart. (1564) 323 If we be flitters and not dwellers (as was Loth a flitter from Segor). 1623 tr. Favincs Theat. Hon. 11. xiii. 203 Such .. were ad¬ monished to make themselues much fairer by the goods of the soule ; because those of the body were but flitters [orig. ecu .tr du Corps ne sont que Passagers]. Flitter (fli tai), sb . 2 [f. Flitter v.] 1 . A flittering motion. 1892 Daily News 17 May 5/5 The flitter of crows. 2 . Comb., as flitter-winged a., having wings that flutter; also fig. 1820 Keats Lamia 1. 394 The flitter-winged verse must tell, For truth's sake what woe afterwards befel. 1861 Lytton & Fane Tannhduscr 74 Wheel’d at will The flitter- ] winged bat round lonely towers. FLITTER. 333 FLOAT. Flitter (fli’tei ),^.3 [a. Ger .flitter] ‘A minute square of thin metal, used in decoration ; collec¬ tively, a quantity of such squares’ ( Cent. Bid.). 18 .. Beck's Jrnl. Dec. Art Suppl. II. 40 (Cent. Diet.) Strong and brilliant colors are freely used, together with gilt flitter, in the representation of flowering plants, fountains, and other devices [for window-shades]. Flitter (flitaj), v. Also 5 fliter, (fleter), 5- 6 flyt(t)er. [f. Flit v. +-er 5 .] 1 . intr. Of birds, etc.: To flit about, to fly with low or short flights; to flutter. Also with by. 1563 B. Googf. Eg logs (Arb.) 94 Euer when she rested had aboute she flyttered styll. 1600 F. Walker Sf>. Mandevillc x 53 a > J h e > r sight is so sharpe and pearcing, that flittering ouer the sea .. they see the fish through the water. 1797 Monthly Mag. III. 230 To mark the quick bat flitter by. transf. 1483 Liber Festivalis (Caxton) E j (Pentecost), In lykenesse of tonges brennyngnot smertyng. .lightenyng not fliteryng. 1544 Phaer Regim. Lyfe (1553) B j a, The peyne is flyttering from one place to an other, without heuynes. x 5®3 Golding C alviit on Deut. xli. 245 A thought commeth vpon a man .. sleeping, and it flittereth before him. a 1593 H. Smith Seym., Christians Practice (1637) 252 Like unto a shittle, which flittereth from the hand of a childe. 1823 Lamb Elia (i860) 137 The stiff-wigged living figures that still flitter and chatter about that area. 1878 P. W. Wyatt Hardrada 7 Where, .flitter the pale ghosts. + b. To move the wings ineffectually. In quot. transf. 1598 Barckley Fchc. Man (1631) 209 Hee began to flitter with his hands, in steede of wings .. & fell downe head-long to the ground. + 2 . a. Of a person : To shift about in mind ; to waver, b. Of a flower: To- fade, wither. Obs . x 54 2 Recorde Gr. Artes B iiij, Many there be so vricon- stant of mynde, that flytter and turne with euery winde. 1577 Harrison England in. viii. (1878) n. 53 The sunne :. would cause them [floures] to welke or flitter. 1847 Halli- well. Flitter, to hang or droop. f 3 . To fly all about; to fly to or into dust, pieces, etc. Of the sea : To break up in foam. Obs. 1548 Recorde Urin. Physickv. 18 Unequal [substance of urinel is..when it is thynner in one parte then in another, or flyttered out. 1557 tC. A rthur (Copland) v. iv, Than the dragon .. smote the bore al to powder both flesh and bones that it flyttered all abrode on the sea. 1583 Stanyhurst sEneis 1. (Arb.) 23 Cabbans, where seas doo flitter in arches. 1664 Cotton Scarronides 183 Bottle-Bear, .bounces, foams, and froaths, and flitters. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 126 Others flitter’d as ’twere, or flown all to pieces. ^1677 Manton Serin. Ps. cxix. 80 A sooty matter, which flitters into dust as soon as touched. 4 . trails. To make to flit ; to move rapidly back¬ wards and forwards; to shuffle (cards'), rare. 1864 Lowell Fireside Trav. 243 As a skilful juggler flitters the cards before you. 1893 Le Galliennk in Wcstm. Gaz. 16 Feb. 2/3 Many a silly thing That.. perks his tiny tail.. And flitters little wing. Hence + Flittered ppl. a., dispersed, scattered ; Flittering ppl. a., flitting about, fluttering; trem¬ bling ; + shifting, unstable, fleeting. x 549 - & 8 Sternhold & H. Ps. cii. (1566) 250 The dayes wherin I passe my life are lyke the flittering shade. 1583 Stanyhurst Aeneis in. (Arb.) 84 Neauer dooth she laboure to reuoke her flittered issue. 121602 W. Perkins Cased Cousc. (1619) 59 These beginnings of grace .. must not be flittering and fleeting, but constant and setled. 1634 Milton Comns 214 Thou hovering [MS. flittering] angell girt with golden wings. 1650 Fuller Pisgah 11. xiii. 270 Which., lightly pressed.. becomes flittering dust. 1786 Burns Again rejoicing Nature vi, When the lark .. mounts and sings on flittering wings. 1867 A. Sartoris Week in Fr. Country - Ho. 2at wine treis he pain wroght. 1529 More Coinf. agst. l'rib . 11. Wks. 1177/2 Yet will he rather abide it and suffer, then by the flyttynge from it, fall in y° dyspleasure of God. 1695 Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth 1. (1723) 46 The Sea’s continual flitting and shifting its Chanel. 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. II. 77 The flittings of the shrieking bat. 2. esp. The action of removing from one abode to another; a removal. Now chiefly north, and Sc. Moonlight flitting : removal by moonlight, i.e. by night or by stealth. £1200 Ormin 10781 Forr Galileo bitacnepp uss Flittinng onn Ennglissh spa;che. a 1300 Cursor M. 12518 (Cott.) pai .. to bethleem pair flitting made. 1623 Lisle /Elfric on O. # N. Test. 21 The people returned from Chaldea to Iury.. seventy yeeres after their flitting. 1721 Kelly Scot. Prov. 145 He has taken a Moon light flitting. 1787 Grose Prov. Gloss, s.v. Flit, Two flittings are as bad as one fire. 1804 Scott Let. to Ellis 1 Aug. in Lockhart, I had to superintend a removal, or what we call a flitting. b. concr . The goods, furniture, etc. removed from one place to another at ‘a flitting\ Hence, Baggage, stores. /z 1300 Cursor M. 3919 (Cott.) Dai bi night pam stal away, Wijf and barn, wit flitting hale. £1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. xxxviii. 50 De Schip-men sone .. Twrsyt on twa Hors pare fly tty ng. £1470 Henry Wallace 1. 396 All this forsuth sail in our flytting ga. 1637 Rutherford Lett. ccl. (1863) II. 158^ Those who would take the world and all their flitting on their back, and run away from Christ. 1823 J. Wilson Trial Marg. Lyndsay ix. 68 ‘Aye, aye, here’s the flitting.. frae Braehead.’ t 3. Sustenance, maintenance. Cf. Flit v. 9 . ^ a 1225 St. Marher. 22 I pine of prisun per ha wes iput in, ich hire fluttunge fond ant fleschliche fode. £1230 Hali Meid. 27 Me beheoueS his help to fluttunge & to fode. Flitting (fli’tiq), ppl. a. [f. Flit v. + -ing 2 .] 1. That moves from place to place; moving, roving, migratory. Obs . exc. dial. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vr. xviii. 379 De flyttand Wod pai callyd ay Dat lang tyme eftyre-hend pat day. 1613 Purciias Pilgrimage (1614) 702 In their flitting wanderings. 1764 Harmer Observ. iv. ii. 51 This flitting kind of life. 1829 J. R. Best Pers. § Lit. Mem . 352 In the course of my moving, or, as they call it in Lincolnshire my flitting life. f 2. Shifting, unstable ; variable, inconstant. 1413 Pilgr. Scnvle (Caxton) iv. xxix. (1859) 61 Yf a gouer- nour be not stable, but varyaunt and flytting fro veray stedfastness. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. xi. 18 The yielding ayre, which nigh too feeble found Her flitting parts. 1669 WoodheaDlSV. Teresau. xi. 9iThe Imagination, .not flitting, but such, as in apprehending and fixing on a thing, there stays. 1697 Dkyden sEneid x. 484 It [the spear] stop’d at once the Passage of his Wind, And the free Soul to flitting Air resign’d. f3. Fleeting, transitory; evanescent, unsubstan¬ tial. Obs, £1374 Chaucer Booth. 111. pr. vi. 78 How veyne and how flittyng a ping it is. c 1400 Test. Love 11. Chaucer’s Wks. (1532) 343 b, Howe passynge is the beautie of fiesshly bod yes? more flyttynge than mouable floures of sommer. ZZ1563 Kecon Jcivel of Joy Wks. 1563 II. 34 That oure ioye and reioysyng in the Lorde be not flittynge, transitorye, and of smal continuaunce. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 455 What is more flitting than time? 1725 Pope Odyss. x. 587 The rest are forms of empty iEtlier made, Impassive semblance and a flitting shade. f 4 . Floating in water. Obs.~ l c 1425 Found. St. Bartholomew's 43 Oone of them oonly cleuyd to the flittynge maste. 5. Making short rapid (lights; darting lightly from point to point; gliding rapidly and softly ; coming intermittently into momentary view. 1620 Quarles Feast for Wornies 1207 Conuay’d with speed vpon the nimble wing Of flitting Fame. 1703 Pope Thebais 132 Swift as she pass’d, the flitting ghosts withdrew. 1746-7 Hervey Medit. (1818) 223 The flitting birds and humming bees. 1794 Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. ifdolpho vii, The ocean's misty bed, With Hitting sails. 1798-9 Coleridge Love vii, She listened with a flitting blush. 1862 Mrs. H. Wood Mrs. Hallib. in. xv, A flitting smile playing on his lips. Hence Flittingly adv. ; Flitting-ness. 1847 Craig, Flittingly. i860 in Worcester (citing Cole¬ ridge). 1884 G. Gissing Unclassed III. v. ii. 22 A slight wrinkle might show itself flittingly here and there, a 1680 Ciiarnock Attrib. GWWks. 1684 I. 231 This flittingness in our Nature. t Fli’tty, a. Obs. [f. Flit v. + -Y L] Flitting, unstable, (lighty. 1642 H. More Song of Soul n. i. 1. xi, Busying their brains in the mysterious toyes Of llittie motion. Hence Flittiness, instability, volatility. 1692 Bp. Hopkins Expos. Lord's Prayer etc. 314 This would fix that Volatileness and Flittiness of our Memories. t Flrtwite. Obs. OE. Law. [OE. *flitwite, f. flit Flite sb. 1 + Wite.] A fine for brawling. £ 1340 Higden Polychr. I. 96 [In a list of OE. law terms] Flitwite, id est, emenda proveniens pro contentione. 1687 Spelman Gloss., Flitwite & Scotice Flichtwite significant, mulctam ob contentiones, rixas, et jurgia impositam. Flix (Aiks'). See also Flick sb. [Of unknown origin : possibly connected with Fly vi] The fur of various quadrupeds ; the down of a beaver. 1666 Dryden Ann. Mirab. cxxxii, His warm breath blows her flix up as she lies. 1757 Dyer Fleece (1807) 80 The beaver’s flix Gives kindliest warmth to weak enervate limbs. 1818 Milman Samorix. 441 The gray flix of the wolf. transf 1864 Browning Dram. Pers., Gold Hair iv, Hair, such a wonder of flix and floss. Flix, obs. form of Flux. Flizz (fliz), v, dial. In 7 flizze. [onomatopoeic ; cf. whiz.] (See quot.) Hence Flrzzing vbl. sb. 1674 Ray N. C. Words 18 Flizze j to Fly off. Ibid., Flizzing, a Splinter. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., Flizzing , the passage of a splinter. t Flo. Obs. Forms: 1 fl&(a, 3 fla(a, 3-5 flo, (7 floe). PI. 1 fldn, (3 flan), 3-4 flon, (5 floon, flone). [OE .fld wk. fern.] An arrow. £893 K. ^Elfred Oros. hi. ix. § 14 Dar wearS Alexander purhscoten mid anre flan. £1205 Lay. 1844 Heo letten gliden heora flan. 1297 R. Gi.ouc. (1724) 394 pat me ne my3te no^t yse bote harewen & flon. c 1305 St. Christopher 207 in E. E. P. (1862) 65 Hi schote him to stronge depc wi}> wel kene flo. £1400 Gamelyn 6 48 Yeldeth lip 3onge men 3oure bowes & ^oure flone. c 1450 Robyn ys wise, a 1609 Dennys Seer. Angling 1. in Arb. Garner I. 153 Your rod, line, float and hook. 1867 F. Francis Angling i. (1880) 9 The floats should be proportioned to the depth and strength of the stream. b. A cork or other light substance used to sup¬ port a fishing-net, etc. in the water. 1577 B. Googe Ileresbaclis Husb. n. (1586) no The Corke hath the thickeste barke. .Of his barke, are made .. Floates for fishing nettes. 1883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 12 Herring- net Floats.. Mackerel-net Floats. c. A hollow or inflated ]iart or organ that sup¬ ports an animal in the water. Hence used in Florida as a name for the genus Velella of medusae. 1832 Lyell Pritic. Geol. II. 108 This ‘common oceanic snail 1 derives its buoyancy from an admirably contrived float. 1888 R iverside Nat. Hist. 1 . 107 Velella .. is commonly called in Florida, where it is sometimes very abundant, the ‘float’. d. In various other applications (see quots.). 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 883/2 Float .. an inflated bag or pillow to sustain a person in the water. 1880 Lumber¬ mans Gaz . 28 Jail., Cribs are formed of about 20 sticks of timber fastened between two logs called ‘floats’. 1883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal. (ed. 4) 45 Respirator . .a small nipple in the mouth with flexible tube supported by a float. 9. a. A hollow metallic ball, a piece of whin- stone, etc., used to regulate the water-level in a boiler or tank. 1752 Smeaton in Phil. Trans. (1754) XLVII. 436 What is peculiar to this engine is a float within the receiver, composed of a light ball of copper. 1856 J. Bourne Catcch. Steam Engine iv. (ed. 4) 154 The float is usually formed of stone or iron. b. The small piece of ivory on the surface of the mercury in the cistern of a barometer. 1855 in Ogilvie Suppl. 10. Theatr. pi. The footlights ; collect. sing, the row of footlights. 1862 Dickens Let. 24 Jan. III. 212 Pauline trotting about in front of the float. 1871 Cassell's Tcchn. Educ. II. 291/1 Patent gas floats, for theatrical purposes. Ibid. 291/2 The range of Argand burners composing the float are arranged upside down. 1884 L. Wingfield in Fortn. Rev. Apr. 476 A marvel, because it moved behind the floats. 11. One of the boards of an undershot water¬ wheel or of a paddle-wheel; a float-board. i6i« Florio, Ala..the flot of a Watcr-mili-wheele. 1731 Brighton in Phil. Trans. XXXVII. 10 The Force on the Floats 18 Ct. 40 lb. 1806 Trevithick Let. in Life (1872) I. 327, I wish to know the size of the floats on the wheel. 1856 f. Bourne Catech. Steam Engine viii. (ed. 4) 323The paddle floats are usually made either of elm or pine. IV. Something broad, level, and shallow. 12 . 11 rewing. A broad shallow vat used for cool¬ ing. ? Ohs. tCf. Du. vloot fern, a broad shallow wooden vessel for creaming milk; also ¥. flotte, mentioned in 16th c. as part of a brewer’s stock-in-trade (Little).] 1413 A'. E. Wills (1882) 22 Y bc-quethe..I gravers, an a flot, an a planer. 1616 Surfl. Makkh. Country Farmc 587 Other vesselles called flotes or coolers, and they be broad like vnto the fats, but only one foot deepe. 13 . One of the wooden frames attached to the sides, front, or back of a wagon or cart to increase the carrying capacity. 1686 Plot Staffordsh. 354 A Cart that had its floats sup¬ ported, with standards erected upon the ends of the Axles. 1887 in Kent Gloss. 14 . A low-bodied, crank-axled cart, used for carrying heavy articles, live stock, etc. 1866 Daily Tel. 23 Feb. 3/4 The pikes and handles were removed in a float in the presence of a large crowd. 1891 Sheffield Gloss. Suppl., Floaty a deep cart..used for carry- ing pigs to market. b. A platform on wheels, having a spectacular display arranged upon it, used in a procession. 1888 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 13 Sept. 2/4 A parade two miles long was composed of gay floats of all sorts of food- supplies. 1889 Pall Mall G. 3 Oct. 6/3 A series of Floats representative of the Seven Centuries of the Mayoralty of London. f 15 . A unit of measurement for embanking work. 1707 Mortimer Husb. xiv. 309 They [banks] are measured by the Float or Floor, which is eighteen foot square and one deep. V. In various senses corresponding with senses of Float v. 16 . A tool for ‘ floating’ or making level. a. Plastering. A trowel or rule for giving a plane surface to the plaster. Also float-rule. 1703 Moxon Mech. Excrc. 249 Floats, made of Wood, with handles to them. 1823 P. N icholson Pract. Build. 380 It is then spread, or rather splashed, upon the wall by a float made of wood. 1853 Diet. Arch. (Arch. Publ. Soc.), Float or Float Rule. 1876 Riving tons' Notes Build. Const r. II. 400 The surface is then gone over with a smaller hand float. b. A file having parallel, but not diagonal, rows of teeth ; a single-cut file. 1750 Blanckney Naval Expositor ., Float is an Instrument used by the Smiths to make their Work smooth, instead of a File. 1881 Greener Gun 230 The two coils being joined . . the barrels are heated, and the surplus metal removed with a float. C. A tool used by bowyers, represented in the arms of the Bowyers’ Company. Obs. exc. Her. It is pictured as a flat plate with teeth on the under side and a handle at the top. 1823 in Crabd Techn. Diet. 1828-40 Berry Eitcycl. Her. I. Uj, Bowyers .. Sa. on a chev. betw. three floats or, as many mullets of the first. d. Various. (See quots.) 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 883/2 Float. . 10 a polishing- block used in marble-working. A runner. Ibid., Float.. 6 the serrated plate used by shoemakers for rasping off the ends of the pegs inside the boot or shoe. 17 . A dock or place where vessels may float. 1840 Evid. Hull Docks Commiss. 207 The old rivers at Bristol have been penned up, and they are now made floats. 1867 in Smyth Sailors Word-bk. 18 . One of the trenches used in ‘ floating ’ land. 1785 W. Marshall Midland Co. (1790) I. 278 The floats are trenches, receiving, by the means of floodgates, .the waters of a river, brook, or rivulet, and conveying it along the upper margin, and upon the tops of the..swells of the field of improvement. 19 . Tin-mining. (See quot.) 1778 Pryce Mineral. Cornub. 137 (The blast] smelts the Tin [and] forces it out. .into a inoorstone trough six feet and a half high, and one foot wide, called the Float. 20 . Geol. and Mining. a. Loose rock or isolated masses of ore brought down by the action of water from their original formation. Also short for float-ore. Chiefly US. 1814 Brackenridge Louisiana 146 That kind of ore called floats. 1880 L. Wallace Ben-Hur viii. v. 503 Through the rocky float in the hollows of the road the agate hoofs drummed. 1885 W. Nall in Trans. Curnb. .y Westm. Antiq. Soc. VIII. 7 Lead ores were then classified by miners as float and shoad ore, or float and slioad. b. (See quot.) 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining, Float, a clean rent or fissure in strata unaccompanied by dislocation. 21 . Weaving. The passing of weft-threads over a portion of the warp without being interwoven with it; also the group or mass of thread so passed. 1863 J. Watson Art Weaving 141 A contrivance that would, .prevent Floats without any other drawback, would be a very good thing. 1882 Morris Hopes <$• Fears Art iv. 150 The latter eke out their gaudy feebleness with spots and ribs and long floats. 22 . US. (See quot.) 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer. II. 93 Who. .whenever a good tract of land is ready for sale, cover it over with their floats , (warrants of the required habitation), and thus put down competition. 23 . US. A voter open to bribery. Cf. Floatek. 1885 Pall Mall G. 6 Nov. 2 Something like one-twelfth of the remaining voters are ‘ floats ’—that is, men who are looking for money. VI. 24 . Comb., as float-ball, the ball of a ball-cock ; float-barrel, ? a barrel used as a float for a fishing-net; float-bladder (sec sense 8 c) ; float-board, one of the boards of an undershot water-wheel; one of the paddles of a paddle- wheel; float-bridge, a bridge of floats or rafts; float-case, == Caisson 2 d; float-copper (see float-mineral) \ float-cut a. y (of a file) cut in the manner of a float (see sense 16 b); float-fescue, a variety of fescue-grass ( Festuca ) ; float-file, a single-cut file; float fish (see quot.); float-fishing, fishing with a line and float (sense 8 a); float-fox¬ tails, a variety of Alopecurus or fox-tail grass; float-gauge (see quot.); f float-glassed a. f mirrored in the waves; float-gold (see float- mineral) ; float-light, a light-ship; float-line, a perpendicular line drawn from a float on the surface of a fluid to a specified point below the surface ; float-mineral, fragments of ore detached and carried away by the action of water or by erosion ; also, fine particles of metal which are detached in the process of stamping and do not readily settle in water; float-net, a net supported by floats; + float-ore \ a kind of seaweed ; float- ore 2 , float-quartz (see float-minci'al ); float- shooter, one who goes shooting wild-fowl from a punt at night; float-valve (see quot.). Also Float-boat, Float-grass, Float-stone. 1824 R. Stuart Hist. Steam Engine 156 Having a *float- ball o, which opens and shuts the valve p. 1891 Black Donald Ross I. 266 Lobster-creels and *float-barrels. 1866 Hartwig Sea <$• Wond. xvii. (ed. 3) 354 A large ^float- bladder. 1719 Desaguliers Exp. Philos. (1744) II. 425 It is no Advantage to have a great Number of * Float- Boards. 1858 Lardner Handbk. Nat. Phil .. 135 Breast wheels .—This class of water wheels resemble in their form and construction the undershot wheel—the float-boards, however, being closer together. 1692 Siege Lymerick 14 This day was chiefly spent in removing our * Float-Bridge nearer the Town. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 883/2 * Float-case. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., * Float-Copper .. fine scales of metallic copper .. which do not readily settle in water. 1888 Lockwoods Diet. Mech . Engin ., * Float-Cut .. a file having single lines of cutting teeth only. 1759 B. Stillingfl. Grasses in Misc. Tracts (1762) 387 The grass .. proved to be the * flote Fescue. 1834 Brit. Husb. I. xxxiii. 520 The flote fescue, flote fox-tails, and rough-stalked poa. *794 W. Hutchinson Hist. Cumberland I. 27/1 note, After they have spawned they [Salmon] are called *float fish. 1883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal. p. xxxiv, Some apparatus for -float-fishing. 1816-20 T. Green Univ. Herbal I. 81 Alopecurus Geniculatus , * Flote Fox-tail Grass. 1834 [See float-fescue above.] 1888 Lockwood's Diet. Mech. Engin., * Float Gauge , a water gauge, where the height of water in a steam boiler is regis¬ tered by means of a float. 1632 Lithgow Trav . i. 5 Where *flot-glassM Nymphs, the Circe fled, Greeks enstal. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., *Float-gold, Pac[ific]. 1890 Pall Mall G. 28 May 2/1 If, on the other hand, you crush too fine, you get ‘float gold’. 1819 J. Hodgson in J. Raine Mem. (1857) I. 265 The Afloat-light in sight (a vessel anchored in the deeps). 1833 Hersciiel Astron. iii. 155 The difference of the two Afloat lines gives the height in question. 1647 R. Stapylton Juvenal 31 A retiarius, or net-bearer, so named from a kind of *floate net, which he carryed in his hand. 1602 Carevv Cornwall 27 b, This *Floteore is now and then found naturally formed like rufs, combs, and such Rke. 1683 Pettus Flcta Min. 1. (1686) 6 Also all *float or Easy-flowing oars. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., Float- ore, water-worn particles of ore. 1872 — Statist. Mines <$• Mining 212 A section of country twenty miles long .. is covered with *fl 0 at quartz. 1882 Sir R. Payne-Gallwey Fcrwlcr in Irel. 27 Two *float-shooters, lying low in their boats on the look-out for fowl. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 885/2 * Float-valve, a valve actuated by a float so as to open or close the port, according to the level of the liquid. Float v. Pa. t. and pa. pple. floated. Forms: I flotian, 3 floten, flotten, 4 flotie(n, 4-7 flote, (8 floate), 6- float. Pa. t. 4 flotte. Pa. pple. 7 flote. [OF. flotian = MDit. vloten, ON. flota OTeut. *flotojan, f. *flol- weak grade of root of *flcutan to float or flow: see Fleet v. The development of sense in ME. was doubtless influenced by the synonymous OY.floter (mod.F. fliotter'), Sp. flotar. It. fiottare med.L. type */ 1 ottare, f. OTeut. *flotto- f. the same root as Eng. float.] I. Intransitive senses. 1 . To rest on the surface of any liquid; to be buoyed up ; to be or become buoyant. a 1100 O. E. Chron. an. 1031 (Parker MS.) Beo an scip fiotigende swa neh pan lande swa hit nyxt maege. c 1200 Vices tfr Virt. (1888)33 Ele..wile flotten ouer alle wtetes. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. (1493) 131 b/i Whan the tyme approched of the passyon of our lord thys tree.. floted about the water. 1585 J. B. tr. Viret's Sch. Feastes D v b, Hal- cions. .builde their houses, .the which may flote..uppon the Sea. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iv. vi. 193 Men being drowned and sunke, doe float the ninth day. 1782 Cowi’ER Royal George 30 Her timbers yet are sound, And she may float again. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. iv. 57 Ice floats readily on water. fig. 1773 Gray Let. in Corr. (1S43) 151 All that floated on the surface of my mind is faded away and gone. b. Of a stranded vessel: To get off the ground, to get afloat. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. in. 98 Our ship did not float then, nor the next Tide neither. e. fig. To float in one's cups : to be half drunk, ‘half seas over 1630 Wadsworth Sp. Pilgr. vi. 58 M. P. Holing in his Cups, began a discourse. FLOAT 335 FLOATATION 2 . To move quietly and gently on the surface of a liquid, participating in its motion. a 1300 Cursor M. 24833 (Cott.) Forth )>ai floted on }>at flod. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. C. 248 A wylde walterande whal..bi^at bot flotte. 1570-6 Lambarde Pcramb. Kc?it (1826) 325 The Corps now. .floted lip and down the River. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. Ixvi. 268 Upon a very little raft, where we floated at the mercy of the waves. 1790 Burns Peg Nicholson , Now she’s floating down the Nith. 1836 W. Irving Astoria I. 126 The boat floating near to him he seized hold of it. Jig. 175a Young Brothers iv. i, The vulgar float as passion drives. 1790 Paley Horse Paul . i. 3 To have floated down upon the stream of general tradition. 1832 Examiner 802/1 The new Parliament will float with the stream of public opinion. 1869 Lecky Europ. A for. 1 . iii. 397 Christianity floated into the Roman Empire on the wave of credulity. tb. transf of a person: To move up and down ; be conversant. Ohs. c 1315 Shoreham 21 Tha3 he her were inne hys manhode Amanges ous to flotie. c. quasi -trans. =to float upon. x 7°5 J* Philips Blenheim 236 Upborne By frothy billows thousands float the stream In cumbrous mail. 1829 Clare Autumn in Anniver. 76 Weeds, That float the water’s brim. 3 . To be suspended in a liquid with freedom to move ; also, to move freely beneath the surface, t Of a fish : To swim. 1596 Spenser F. Q. vii. vii. 21 The fish, still floting, doe at random range. 1696 Wiiiston Th. Earth 111.(1722)278 The Parts of the present upper Strata . .floated in the Waters among one another uncertainly. 1727 Swift Gul¬ liver 11. viii. 165 My box. .floated about five feet depth in water. 1882 Vines Sachs' Bot. 437 The mass of mother-cells . .floats entirely free in the fluid that fills the sporangium. b. To be drenched or flooded ; to ‘ run ’, * swim’. rare— 1 . (Cf. 10.) 1725 Pope Odyss. xiii. 452 The pavements float with guilty gore. + 4 . To move unsteadily to and fro like an object on the surface of a liquid ; to oscillate, undulate; Jig. to vacillate, waver. Ohs. 1598 Bacon Sacr. Medit. vi. (Arb.) 113 A state of minde, which in all doubtfull expectations is setled and floteth not. 1712 J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 190 Let the instru¬ ment rest till the Water has done floating. 1716 Collier tr. Nazianzen 8 Their Mother .. floated between Joy and Fear. 1763 Scrafton Indostan (1770) 71 Floating between his fears and wishes. b. nonce-use. To spread in undulating form. 1667 Milton P. L. ix . 503 His circling Spires..on the grass Floted redundant. c. Mil. Of a column on the march : To present a wavy line ; to be unsteady. 1796 Instr. 4- Reg. Cavalry (1813) 263 The march in line is uniformly steady, without opening, floating, or closing. 1810 [see Floating vbl. sb. 1 a]. 5 . To move freely and gently in or through the a*ir, as if buoyed up or carried along by it. 1634 Milton Comus 249 How sweetly did they flote upon the wings Of silence. 1667 Drydkn Ind. Emp. 1. ii, What Divine Monsters, O ye gods, were these That float in air and flye upon the Seas ! 1725 Pope Odyss. vi. 358 To the ear Floats a strong shout along the waves of air. 1782 Cowper Retirement 192 The clouds that flit, or slowly float away. 1808 Med. Jrnl. XIX. 313 Dark spots floating constantly before the eye. 1888 Besant Inner House xvi. 188 A long tent before which floated a great flag on a flagstaff, b. nonce-use. of the air itself, or portions of it. 1667 Milton P. L. vii. 432 The Aire Floats, as they pass, farm'd with unnumber’d plumes. c. fig. esp. with sense : To move or hover dimly before the eye or in the mind ; also of a rumour, etc.: To pass from mouth to mouth. 1775 Sheridan Rivals Pref., Faded ideas float in the fancy like half-forgotten dreams. 1826 Disraeli Viv. Grey iii. viii, Here floated the latest anecdote of Bolivar. 1857 Livingstone Trav. xii. 224 The remnants of serpent-wor¬ ship floating in their minds. 1882 Siiorthouse J. Inglesant 11. 225 He tried to read, but the page floated before his eyes. 6. Weaving. Of a thread : To pass over or under several threads either of the warp or weft, instead of being interwoven with them. Of a figure : To have its threads lying in this manner. 1878 A. Barlow Weaving 104 When either of the white or black threads disappear on one side of the cloth, they are not found floating underneath. 1883 T. R. Ashknhurst Design in Textile Fabrics vi. 159 Lappet figures, .must ‘ float ’ the entire length of the figure. 7 . Comm. a. Of an acceptance : To be in circu¬ lation, to be awaiting maturity, b. Of a com¬ mercial company, etc.: To meet with public sup¬ port, get 4 floated’ (see 12). 1778 H. Laurens in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rt 'V. (1853) II. 234 Our bills, .are now floating, in imminent danger of dis¬ honor and disgrace. 1884 Truth 13 Mar. 385/2 If the Company floats, the promoter gets his money. f 8. To fish with a float (see Float sb. 8 a). 1630 [see Flat v. 10]. 1651 J. Barker Art 0/ Angling (1653) 8 ,1 will shew my opinion of floating for Scale Fish in the River or Pond. 9 . Sporting. To hunt by approaching the game with a boat or float at night. (See Float sb. 7 b.) 1877 Hallock Sportsman' sGazetteerZ^ In jacking or float¬ ing, the shooter sits in the bow of a canoe just behind a lantern which throws a powerful light ahead. II. Transitive senses. 10 . To cover or flood with a liquid, a. To cover (land) with water, either naturally or artifi¬ cially, esp. for agricultural or military purposes ; to flood, inundate, irrigate. Also with over. 1649 Blithe Eng. Imprcro. Impr. (1652) 16 The first Piece of improvement of floating or watering lands, c 1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 70 They can by them [ditches] floate y* grounds for 3 miles round. 1794 Trans. Soc. En- courag. Arts XII. 245 The above land was floated over by salt water, every full and change of the moon. 1816 Jane Austen Emma (1866) 158 He thought .. 1 should find the near way floated by this rain. 1833 Ht. Martineau Brooke Farm xiii. 97 Can he float his meadows at the cost of five pounds an acre ? b. (chiefly hyperbolical ) To overspread with fluid; to drench, inundate. Also, To saturate (a powder magazine) with water. 1729 Savage Wanderer ii. 22S A smoaking spring of gore Wells from the wound, and floats the crimson’d floor. 1758 Parry in Naval Chron. VIII. 154 We had taken care to float our powder. 1818 Jas. Mill Brit. India I. m. iv. 624 The field was floated with blood. 1836 Marryat Mulsh. Easy xxvi, The danger [from fire] had been so great that the fore magazine had been floated. c. transf. and fig. 1586 J. Hookf.r Girald. Irel. in Holinshect II. 84/1 The ladie Margaret began to take heart, hir naturall stoutnesse floted, as well by the remembrance of hir noble birth, as by [etc.]. 1603 J. Davies Microcosmos (Grosart) 71/1 Each sense in pleasure’s seas shee [Fancie] flotes. i860 Haw¬ thorne Marb. Faun (1879) I. xii. 115 A .. military band .. floating her [the city] with strains. 1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. i. (1875) 16 He [Burke] so lived by ideas, .that he could float even an epoch of concentration and English Tory politics with them. 11 . a. Of water, the tide, etc.: To lift up, or support on its surface (anything buoyant) ; to bear (anything buoyant) along by the force of the current; occas. with mixture of the two senses. Also with off, out, up. 1606 Choice , Chance, etc. 5 With a sodaine tempest mail and horse ouerthrown vpon a Rock, and the goods all llote or drownd. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. in. 44 For want of Water to float them over some flats in the Lagunes. Ibid. 98 The Tide then rose so high, as to float her quite up. 1739 Labelye Short Acc. Piers IVestm. Bridge 34 The Tide had..risen so high as to endanger the Caisson, .from being floated out of its true Place. 1856 Kane A ret. Expi. II. xiv. 149 They [masses of ice] are floated off to be lost in the tempera¬ tures of other regions. 1890 Spectator 20 Sept. 362/2 The Manchester Canal, .will float the biggest ocean steamers. Jig. 1877 Owen IVellesley's Dcsp. Introd. 19 The vehe¬ ment tide of public opinion.. floated out the good old nobleman who had first broken Tippoo’s power. b. To set afloat; fig. to buoy up, support. 1823 I jAmb Elia Ser. 11. Poor Relation , She has where¬ withal in the end..to float him again upon the brilliant surface. 1885 Law Rep. 15 Q. Bench Div. 11 He expended more than 5000/. in floating the ship. c. To place (a sheet of paper, etc.) flat on the surface of a liquid. Chiefly Photogr. 1853 Earn. Herald 3 Dec. 510/2 You float on the surface of this a sheet of paper prepared as follows. 1882 Abney Instr. Photogr. (ed. 5) 199 If the paper is floated much longer, .the albumen .. is apt to dissolve the size. 12. a. To get (a company, scheme, etc.) afloat or fully started (see Afloat 6) ; to procure public support or acceptance for. 1833 Ht. Martineau Vanderput # S. vi. 102 The means by which a present neighbour of yours is floating a scheme. 1865 Pall Mall G. 18 Aug. 9/1 Manufacturing lists of directors for new companies, in order to get them ‘ floated 1872 Yeats Gro^vth Comm. 311 Serves as a reservoir for floating loans in cases of emergency. 1872 Greg Enigmas 229 The sages, .have falsified their creed, in order to float it. b. To set (a rumour) afloat (see Afloat 8); to give currency to ; to circulate. 1883 St. James's Gaz. 21 Dec. 3/1 Floating all manner of embarrassing rumours. 13 . To guide or convey along the surface of water; to convey by water. Also with off. 1739 Labelye Short Acc. Piers IVestm. Bridge 35 The Sides of the Caisson were floated off over the Sides of the Pier. 1776 Gibbon Decl. E. 1 . (1846) V. S The treasures of Africa were floated on rafts to the mouth of the Eu¬ phrates. 1853 Sir H. Douglas Milit. Bridges (ed. 3) 385 The great tubes constituting the Conway Bridge were floated across the river. 14 . To convey gently through the air or ether; to cause to move lightly in the air; to waft. 1823 F. Clissold Ascent Alt. Blanc 22 A soft breath of wind spread its folds, and floated it gently in the air. 1836 Emerson Nature, Commodity Wks. (Bohn) II. 143 Provi¬ sion..for his support..on this green ball which floats him through the heavens. 1840 Mrs. Browning Drama 0/ Exile Poems 1850 I. 83 Floated on a minor fine Into the full chant divine, We will draw you smoothly. 15 . In various technical applications of senses 10, 11. a. Pigmcnt-ma/eing. To levigate (pig¬ ments) by causing them to float in a stream of water, rejecting the heavier particles that sink to the bottom, b. Electrotypmg and Stereotyping. To cover (a forme, a page of type) with fluid plaster of Paris, either to fill up the spaces before electro- typing, or (in the almost obsolete plaster-process) to form a plaster mould, e. To float up (a tin can) (see quot. 1884). 1880 F. J. F. Wilson Stereotyping $ Electrotyping 128 The page or pages must he floated in plaster-of-Paris. Ibid. 134 When low spaces are used and the form has not been floated prior to moulding. 1883 R. Haldane Work¬ s/up Receipts Ser. II. 405 The powder is then levigated (floated), in order to obtain various degrees of fineness. 1884 Knight Diet. Alech. IV. 348/2 ‘ Floating up‘ tin cans, i.e. soldering the ends inside, the can standing upon the heated plate till the solder runs. 16 . To render smooth or level. In various tech¬ nical uses : a. Plastering. To level (the surface of plaster) with a 1 float *; to spread the second coat of plaster on (a ceiling, wall, etc.) Also with down . b. Farriery. To file the teeth of (a horse), c. Agric. (See quots.) d. Wool-spinning. To take off (the carded wool) in an even layer. a 1703 Moxon Alech. Exerc. 249 To float Seelings or Walls. 1741 in Willis Sc Clark Cambridge (1886) I. 36 The Ceilings..to be floated and finished in the best and work¬ manlike manner. 1748 B. Langley Lond. Prices 329 Fronts of old Houses., are frequently floated down, the old decay’d Mortar raked out, and the Joints fresh pointed anew. 1839 Pract. Builder II. 187 The space between the screeds., must he floated with a hand-float. b. 1886 N. Y. Weekly Tribune 28 Dec. (Cent.) Many an old horse will renew its life if its teeth are floated, as the process is called. C. 1785 W. Marshall Midland Co. (1790') II. 437 Float .. to pare off the surface of sward. 1888 Sheffield Gloss., Float , to pare stubble from land by means of a paring knife. d. 1879 Cassell's lechn. Educ. IV. 341 /i The teeth move in the same direction as those on the workers and cylinder, so as to clean or ‘ float ’ oil the wool. 17 . Weaving. To form (a figure) with ‘ floating’ threads (see 6). 1894 Textile Mann/. 15 Apr. 151 This method of reeding ..necessitates the figure being floated. Floatable (fls). PI. flocculi. [mod. L .flocculus, dim. of V.Jloccus Flock jA 2 ] A small flock or tuft. 1 . A small quantity of loosely-aggregated matter resembling a flock of wool, held in suspension in, or precipitated from, a fluid. 1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 116 The very little that was dis¬ solved was soon precipitated again in the form of minute flocculi. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. 11. ix. § 76 (1867) 227 If we assume the first stage in nebular condensation to he the precipitation into flocculi of denser matter. 1872 Cohen Dis, Throat 3 Small quantities of it having co¬ agulated spontaneously into clots or flocculi. 2 . Anal. A small lobe in the under surface of the cerebellum, immediately behind the middle peduncle ; the subpeduncular lobe. 1840 G. V. Ellis Anat. 49 The flocculus, or sub-pedun¬ cular lobe. 1872 Mivart Elem. Anat. ix. 367. II Floccus (fty'kzk). PI. flocci. [Lat. floccus Flock sb.%] Something resembling a flock of wool. a. Bot. A tuft of woolly hairs ; also//, the hyphse , or thread-like cells, which form the my¬ celium of a fungus, b. Zool. (see quot. 1842). c. ‘ A tuft of feathers on the head of young birds ’ (Webster 1890). d. ‘ The down of unfledged birds 9 (Worcester 1889). 1842 Brande Diet. Sc., Flocci, in Botany, the woolly fila¬ ments that are found mixed with the sporules of many Gastromyci. Ibid,, Floccus, in Mammalogy, the tuft of long flaccid hairs which terminate the tail. 1874 Cooke Fungi 44 The structure of the flocci in a number of species. t Flocht (fl^xO* Sc. Obs. Also 6-7 Bought. See also Flaught sb . 2 [app. repr. an OE. *flohta, parallel with the -ti stem flyht , Flight sb} 4.] A state of agitation or excitement. Chiefly in FLOCK. phrases in, on flocht, in a flocht , in a flutter. Cf. Flight shy 4. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xxvii. 66 Thair hairtis wer baitli on flocht. 1596 Burkl Pass. Pilgrtmer 11, 27 Feir pat my hart in sick a flocht. 1641 R. Baillik Lett. «y Jrnls. (1841) ! I. 392 These horrible designes breaking out, all the citie | was in a flought. b. ‘Fluctuation, constant variation’ (Jam.). 3500-20 Dunbar Poems xxiv. 2 This fals warld is ay on flocht, Quhair no thing ferine is nor degest. Flock (ftyk), sb. 1 Forms : 1 flocc, 2-4 floe, Orm. flocc, 3 south, vloc, (3 floch), 3-f? flok(e, 4-5 flokk(e, 4-7 flocke, 3- flock. [OE .flocc — ON .flokkr (Sw. flock, Da .flok). Not found in the other Teut. langs. The etymology is 1 obscure. As both in OE. and ON. the word means only | an assemblage of persons, it can hardly he connected with , Fly v. ; the hypothesis that it is cognate with Folk is satis- I factory with regard to meaning, hut its phonological ad¬ missibility is doubtful.] 1 . A band, body, or company (of persons). Now only as trans/. from 2 or 3. O. E. Chron. an. 894 Hi [MS. him] mon mid o]mim floccum sohte. c 1000 TElfric Gen. xxxii. 8 Gif Esau cymp to anum flocce & pone ofslihp, se oper flocc by}> ftehealden. <'1175 Lamb. Horn. 3 Moni of pan floe manna pe earpon fulieden ure drihten. a 1225 Ancr. R. 162 Ne punche pe neuer god among monne floe. £1394 P. PI. Crede 536 Fynd foure freres in a flok, pat folwep pat rewle. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. clxiv. 203 They parceyued a flocke of men of armes commynge togyder. 1609 Bible (Douay) 1 Sam. x. 5 Thou shalt meete there a flocke of prophetes. 1822 Shelley Triumph Life 264 Whom from the flock of conquerors Fame singled out. b. pi. used to indicate: Great numbers, ‘swarms’. *535 Coverdale 2 Macc. xiv. 14 The Heithen which fled out of Iewry from Iudas, came to Nicanor by flockes. 1632 Lithgow Trav. x. 443 Whence springeth these Flockes of Studientesj that over-swarme the whole land. 2 . A number of animals of one kind, feeding or travelling in company. Now chiefly applied to an assemblage of birds {esp. geese) or (as in sense 3) of sheep or goats ; in other applications commonly superseded by herd, swarm, etc. £1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 39 pe deules beden ure louerd ihesu crist pat he hem sende into floe of swin. a 1300 Cursor M. 1964 (Gott.) Alsua ^e ete of na fiss ellis, Bot pat in flock and herd duellis. 1480 Caxton Descr. Brit. 41 Ther is a pole at Brecknock, Therin of fish is many a flok. 1596 Shaks. 1 Hen. IV, 11. iv. 152 If 1 do not. .driue all thy Subjects afore thee like a flocke of Wilde-geese. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World II. v. v. §8. 602 Sixteene Elephants together in one flocke. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 205, I found whole flocks of the same kind [mites] running to and fro among the .. green moss. 1690 Moral Ess. Pres. Times iii. 48 A Flock of Lions. 1839 tr. Lamartine's Trav. East 102/1 Glades, where we saw flocks of camels and goats browsing. 1875 C. F. Wood Yachting Cruise iv. 91 Flocks of pigeons and parrots were fluttering about, b. transf a 1225 Ancr. R. 120 Her a^eines wreSfte monie kunnes remedies, & frouren a muche vloc. 1601 Shaks. Twel. N I. i. 36 The rich golden shaft Hath kill’d the flocke of all affections else That live in her. 1642 Fuller Holy <$* Prof. St. To Rdr., Some serious books, which dare flie abroad, are hooted at by a flock of Pamphlets. 1775 J. Q. Adams in Earn. Lett. (1876) 100 Fire, sword, pestilence, famine, often keep company and visit a country in a flock. 1805 Wordsvv. Prelude 111. 33 Courts, cloisters, flocks of churches, gateways, towers. 3 . csp. A number of domestic animals (chiefly, and now exclusively, of sheep or goats) kept to¬ gether under the charge of one or more persons. Often used vaguely in pi. for (a person’s) posses¬ sions in sheep; esp. mflocks and herds — sheep and cattle. a\7po Cursor M. 3820 (Cott.) Jacob .. Faand quare thre floks o beistes lai, Be-side a well. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 5891, I sal aske my flok of shepe Of pe hird pat had pam undir his hand, c 1440 Promp. Parv>. 167/2 Floke of bestys. £ 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 3529 The fonden shepe on his shuldres laid he & broght to flokke. 1600 Shaks. A. Y. L. II. iv. 83 His Flockes, and bounds of feede Are now on sale. 1725 Pope Odyss. ix. 289 He .. sitting down, to milk his flocks prepares. 1810 Scott Lady of L. m. viii, A goat, the patriarch of the flock. 1815 Elphinstone Acc. Caubul (1842) I. 305 The increase both of men and flocks soon occasions disputes. transf. and fig. 1751 Affect. Narr. JVager 141 The Crew .. he should have consider’d as a Flock, whereof he had undertaken the Care. 1820 Shelley Witch Atl. x, Every shepherdess of Ocean’s flocks. 4 . fig. a. In spiritual sense, of a body or the whole body of Christians, in relation to Christ as the ‘ Chief Shepherd or of a congregation in re¬ lation to its pastor. a 1340 Hampole Psalter xxviii. 1 Apostils pat ware ledirs of godis floke. 1393 Gower Conf Prol. 1 .16 Christes.. flocke without guide Deuour’d is on euery side. < 1440 York Myst. xxvii. 146 The flokke schall he full fayne to flee. 1588 J. Udall Demonstr. Discip. (Arh.) 26 The minister is a shepheard, and his charge a flocke. 1611 Bible i Pet. v. 2 Feede the flocke of God which is among you. 1641 Milton Reform. 4 He that, .faithfully from that time forward feeds his parochial flock. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian x, The Father-director and his flock seemed perfectly to understand each other. 1865 M rs. G askell Cousin Phillis 40 The minis¬ ter. .had been calling on the different members of his flock. b. Occasionally applied to any body of per¬ sons under the charge or guidance of some one ; e.g. to a family of children in relation to their parents. 43 FLOCK. FLOD. 5 . at/ril>. and Comb. a. simple attrib., as flock district, farm ; b. objective, as flock-fceder ; c. instrumental, as flock-fed, -nibbled adjs. Also, flock-duck {US.), a scaup-duck ; flock-feeding, the habit of feeding in flocks ; flock-man, a shep¬ herd (Cent. Diet .) ; flock-master, an owner or overseer of a flock ; a sheep-farmer; flock-rake -SV. (see quot.). 1795 Scots Mag. LVII. 480/1 The recent loss of sheep, after shearing, in the ‘flock districts. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. 11. 238 Where lands of this description are attached to ‘flock farms. 1800 Hurdis Fav. Village 2 The proud eminence, whose steep For ever Hlock-fed, shelters his loved elms. 1545 Jove /'. t/. Dnn.v. Iiij b,To maintayne .. ydle bisshops, preistis and monkis, the trewe *flokfeders neglected. 1893 G. D. Leslie Lett, to Marco iii. 19 This *flock-feeding saves a lot of time spent in looking out for danger. 1798 Sporting Mag. XI. 307 The ’ flock - masters of the South Downs. 1883 Times 19 May 5 Many of. .the flockmasters .. have upwards of 10,000 sheep. 1800 Hurdis Far. Village 107 On each blade Of the ‘flock-nibbled field. 1813 Kerr Agric. Sum. Berwicksh. vi. § 2.179 Very large pastures, provincially termed 'Hock-rakes. Flock (flpk), sb? Forms: 3-5 flokke, 3-6 fiocke, 6- flock, [prob. a. OF /floe lock of wool, snowflake, etc.L. floccus. Words of similar sound and meaning exist in other Teut. langs.: OHG. floccho wk. masc. (MHG. vlockc, mod.Ger. fiocke ), MDu. vlocke MLG. (mod.Du. vlok), MDa .Jlok,Jlock (mod.Da. Jlok\ MSw. flokkcr (tnod.Sw. flock , flocka). It is doubtful whether these words are adopted from Lat. or Rom., or genuinely Teut.; in the latter case, they would prob. be related by ablaut to ON .fldke felt, hair, wool, and to Flake sb? If the Teut. words arc not of L. origin, they must be altogether unconnected with L. floccus , unless it be supposed that the pre-Teut. word began with ///.] 1 . A lock, tuft or particle (of wool, cotton, etc.), f As a type of something valueless or contemptible: see quot. 1592 and Flock v? 2. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 167/2 Flokkys of wulle or o]>er lyke, floccus. 1563 W. Fulke Meteors (1640)48 They look white, like flocks of wooll. 1592 Lyly Midas iv. ii, I will never care three flocks for his ambition. 1705 Bosman Guinea 250 A sort of Hair as thick set as Flocks of Wool. 1756 P. Browne Jamaica 283 When the pods [of cotton! are. .ripe, they burst, and expose their seeds wrapt up in their native flocks, to the sun. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 96 Bronchitis, from the inhalation of fine particles of coal . .flocks of cotton. 2 . pi. A material consisting of the coarse tufts and refuse of wool or cotton, or of cloth tom to pieces by machinery, used for quilting garments, and stuffing beds, cushions, mattresses, etc. 1277 Munint . Gildh. Lond. (Rolls) III. 433, xv capella nigra .. falsi operis et mixti de lana et flokkes. a 1400 Cov. Myst. 241 Cadace wolle or flokkys .. To stuffe withal thi dobbelet. 1494 in Ld. Treas. Acc. Scott. I. 238 Item, gevin to Gildow to by flolkis to the harnes sadillis ijs. 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 19 Federbeddes bolsters and pillows made of.. flokkis and feders togidre. 1589 Pappe 10. Hatchet E b, Their fleece [is] for flockes, not cloath. 1664 Cotton Scarronides 69 A Cushion stuff’t with Flocks. 1695 Con¬ greve Lovefor L. 1. i. Plays (1887) 205 Put more flocks in her bed. 1801 Wolcott (P. Pindar) Tears $ Smites Wks. 1812 V. 60 A bed, but not of flocks. 1858 W. White Month in Yorksh. xxvii. 292 The cylinder .. ground it [rag] up into flocks of short, frizzly-looking fibre. fig. 1603 H. Crosse Vert ites Commw. (1878) 99 Swelling words, bumbasted out with the flocks of sundry languages. b. sing, collect ; e. g. in cotton-flock . 1881 Young Every Man his oiun Mechanic § 797 The stuffing, .may be clean cotton flock. 3 . pi. (in later use collect, singi) Powdered wool or cloth, or cloth-shearings, used formerly for thicken¬ ing cloth and now in making flock-paper. 1483 Act 1 Rich. Ill c. 8 Preamble, The Sellers of such course Clothes, being bare of Threde, usen for to powder and cast Flokkys of fynner Cloth upon the same. 1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII c. 18 Thei. .shall [not] .. make or stoppe any maner kerseies with flockes. c 1720 W. Gibson Farrier s Dis- pens. iv. (1734) 44 Flocks, or Shavings of Cloth, .are chiefly used to spread over Plaisters. 1893 jfrnl. Soc. Arts XLI. 367 The flock—-which is composed of the cuttings of woollen cloth, cut up in a mill to the necessary degree of fineness, and dyed,—is then sprinkled over the paper. + b. Often in the spelling^jr(^ taken as sing. 1558-68 Warde tr. Alexis' Seer. 112 b, Take .. of cloth- makers’ floxe or shearing one part. 1683 Pettus Fleta Min. 1. (1686) 155 Make each apart into Pouder .. add to it so much flox of woollen cloth. 4 . a. = Flock-bed. b. pi. = flock-papers. a. 1783 Crabbe Village 1. Wks. 1834 II. 85 Here on a matted flock, with dust o’erspread, The drooping wretch reclines his languid head. b. 1881 Young Eve>y Man his own Mechanic § 1646 Papers for sitting-rooms may be procured at all prices, from is... satins . . ranging from 3s. to 6s. , and flocks being even more expensive. 1884 Health. Exhib. Catal. 86/1 Artistic Wall Papers of various kinds. .Raised Flocks. 5 . pi. Of chemical precipitates, etc.: Light and loose masses, resembling tufts of wool. 1592 Nashe P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 24 a, Not to leaue any flockes in the bottom of the cup. 1676 Phil. Trans. XI. 617 In the evaporation of all those waters, their terrestrial parts form’d themselves diversly; some into floting filmes, some into flocks. 1788 Keir ibid. LXXVIII. 327 The minute particles collected and fell to the bottom in form of w.hite flocks. 1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 200 It .. precipitates again, as the liquid cools, in large deep-blue flocks. 6. atlrib. and Comb. a. simple attrib. passing into adj. ( = made of, or stuffed with, flock), as flock-bed, hangings , mattress , -wool ; also flock-mill , -work. b. similative, etc., as flock-hair , -headed ; flock-like adj. Also, flock-paper, * paper pre¬ pared for walls by being sized in the first instance, either over the whole surface or over special parts, constituting the pattern only, and then powdering over it flock. . which has been previously dyed ’ (Bran cl e Diet. Sc. 1842); f flock-pate, a foolish or giddy person; whence flock-pated adj., foolish, giddy, stupid ; flock-powder = sense 3; f flock- pox, some eruptive disease; flock-printing, the process of printing paper in size or varnish for ornamentation and dusting with flock while wet. 1327 Lane. «$* Chesh. Wills (Chetham 1854) 37, I beqweth to my sonne Hugh doghter a Tflokbedd. 1732 Pope Ep. Bathurst 301 On once a flock-bed, but repair’d with straw, Great Villiers lies. 1835 Willis Pencillings I. xxxiv. 238 No furniture blit a flock-bed in the corner. 1877 Spry Cruise ‘ Challenger' xiii. (1878) 215 The x flock hair was trained to grow at right angles from the head. 1649 G. Daniel Tr inarch ., Rich. II, xevi, Soe in 'Fiocke Flangings, w th an Azure Nose, Are Kings sett forth. 1891 Cotes 2 Girls on Barge 109 He .. apostrophised his steed as a ‘nasty ^flock- headed besom'. 1796 Withering Brit. Plants IV. 339 Pileus. .brown, with * flock-like radiated scores. 1720 Lond. Gaz. No. 5837/4 The great Paper Mills, *Flock-Mills, anil Corn Mill. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 331 All *flock and woollen mattresses should be discarded. 1750 Mrs. Delany Autobiog. <$• Corr. (1861) II. 593, I have hung my dressing room .. with a dove-colour *flock paper. 1862 R. H. Patterson Ess. Hist. <$• Art 29 An artist, .whose drawing-room wall .. has a flock-paper of deep green. 1681 W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 510 Very Tlockpates, dullberds. ? 1640 Roxb. Ball. (Ball. Soc.) II. 168 Fie that would be a poet Must no wayes be x flocke-pated. 1549 Latimer 3 rd Serm. bef. Ediv. VI, G iv, Thei cal it *floke pouther they do so in corporate it to the cloth, that it is wonderfull to consider. 1672 in 13 th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. vi. 272 My grandchild’s .. illness of the *llock pox. 1789 Trans. Soc. Encourag. Arts VII. 169,1 have made use of Spanish and Norfolk *flock-wool mixed. 1552 Inv. Ch. Surrey (1869) 28 Item ij alter clothes of *fllock worke. 1720 Lond. Gaz. No. 5877/3 Raw and thrown Silk, Flock-Work. Flock (ftyk), v? [f. Flock jA 1 ] fl. trans. To gather (individuals) together into a company; to assemble, muster (troops). To flock in : to bring in in crowds. Obs. cizqs Lay. 4729 Bienne .. flockede his cnihtes alse hii solde to fihte. £1440 Promp. Parv. 167/2 Flokkyn, or gadyr to-gedyr, aggrego, congrcgo. 1586 J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinshed II. 9/2 So had he flocked in Englishmen to ouerrun his countrie. f 2. To lead away to another flock. Obs. 1599 Sandys Europx Spec. (1629) 220 There were more danger of flocking away theyr people, if they should haue but a bare view of our Reformed Churches. 1672 Toleration not to be abused 28 You may possibly gather together a few stragling sheep out of other mens folds, but. .there will not be wanting such, as may exercise your vigilancy, by under¬ mining you, and endeavouring to flock them away from you. 3. intr. (rarely + refli) To gather in a company or crowd, to congregate; to come or go in great numbers, to troop. Const, about , after (a person), + in, into , to, upon (a place). Also with advbs. in, out, over, together. a 1300 Cursor M. 1781 (Cott.) J?e fowuls floked on hei. 13.. E. E. A llit. P. B. 386 per-on [mountaynez] flokked pe folke, for ferde of }>e wrake. c 1340 Cursor M. 4709 (Trin.) To gider J>ei flocked in pat lond Bi hundrides. C1420 Anturs of Arth. xxvi, His fayre folke in firthes, flokkes in fere. 1575 Churchyard Chippcs (1817) 194 They floke so fast, that daily sought my bloode. 1600 Shaks. A. V. L. 1. i. 123 Many yong Gentlemen fiocke to him euery day. 1682 Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) L 158 [The Morocco ambassador] hath been.. much flock’t after to be seen. 1684 R. H. School Recreat. 160 The Fish will flock about it from all Parts. 1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Able Conti 31 July, Many of the women flocked in to see me. 1865 Kingsley Hcrezv. xvi, All the fowl of heaven were flocking to the feast. 1874 Helps Soc. Press, ii. 16 On their holidays, the whole population flock out to some beautiful garden. 1892 S. R. Gardiner Student's Hist. Eng. 12 Traders continued to flock over from Gaul. 4. trans. fa. To crowd upon, throng (a person), b. nonce-use. To fill or occupy as a flock does. 1609 J. Taylor (Water-P.) Pcnnyl. Pilgr. Wks. (1630) 122 Good fellowes trooping, flock’d me so. 1839 Bailey Fes tits (1854) 206 Since first they flocked creation’s fold. Flock (flpk), v.~ [f. Flock jA-] 1. trans. a. To stuff with flocks, b. To cover (a prepared surface of cloth or paper) with flock or wool-dust (see Flock sb. 2 2-4). I S3° Palsgr. 552/2 Fiocke your mattres for woll is dere. 1567 Sc. Act Jas. VI (1814)41/2 pat pe said clayth be na wyiss flokkit. 18.. Mamifacturcr's Rev. XX. 223 (Cent.) If the goods have been heavily flocked .. there may be trouble in getting them evenly sheared. + 2. To treat with contempt, set at naught (after lu.floccifacere)\a\soabsol. Cf. Flock sb? 1. Obs. I 545 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke xx. 47 Suche simple wedowes therefore do they easily fiocke and loute. 1548 Geste Pr. Masse 132 What is to fiocke and despyse God yf that be not? ai 575 Pilkington Expos. Nehem. Wks. (Parker Soc.) 390 They .. flock and flout whosoever would have them to continue there. Hence Flocking vbl. sb. (attrib.). *874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 886/1 Blocking-machine, one for distributing flock on a prepared surface of cloth or paper. t Flockarcl, Obs. [ad. OFr . floe quart,floe card, explained by Godef. as a flowing veil hanging from the kind of head-dress called ‘ hennin ’ (worn in 14-16th c.).] A veil, a lappet. 1465 Mann. onne hie floccmaelum slogan. 1382 Wyclif 2 Macc. xiv. 14 Than heithen men that fledden Judas fro Judee, flocmele ioynyden hem to Nychanore. 1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 107 Theder came flockcmele the multytude of tho blessyd sowlys. 1566 Drant Wail. Hicrim. K vij b, The stones. .Flock meale to corners of eche stretc are scatered. 1583 Stanyhurst A ends iv. (Arb.) 109 In cluster you see thee coompanye swarming On the shoare in flockmeale. 1600 Holland Livy 11. xxviii. (1609) 62 All the younger sort of the Senatours, approched by flockmeale, hard almost to the Consuls seats. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xviii. (1632) 903 Some Lords, Knights and Gentlemen .. assembled in sundry Companies, and went flocke-meale in harnesse. Flock-wise (flg'kwaiz), adv. [f. Flock sbP + -wise.] In flocks or in a flock or group. 1837 I -.ongf. Frithiof s Homestead 12 The white-looking stray clouds, flock-wise, spread o’er the heavenly vault. 1855 — Hiaw. xvi. 250 Hiawatha’s mountain chickens flock- wise swept and wheeled about him. Flocky (fl?‘ki), a. [f. Flock sb. 2 + -y k] 1 . a. Resembling flock; flock-like. b. Abound¬ ing with flocks or locks of woolly matter ; floecose. 1597 Gerarde Herbal I. lxxiv. § 1. 107 The whole plant consisteth of a woollie or flockie matter. 1707 J. Stevens tr. Quevedo's Com. Wks. (1709) 469 Flocky Heads and clotted Hair. 1833 Herschel Astron. xii. 403 It [this nebula] is formed of little flocky masses, likfe wisps of cloud. 1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 96 Bicolorin. .is usually in the state of a light flocky powder. 2 . Comb., as flocky-whitc adj. c 1865 J. Wylde in Cire. Sc. I. 191/2 The zinc becomes oxidised, producing a flocky-white powder. Flocoon flpkfrn). [ad. F . flocon tuft of wool, flake of snow, etc., f. OF. floe L. floccns Flock sbfl\ (See quot.) 1826 Kirby & Sr. Entomol. IV. xli. 135 Those flocoons that look like cotton, and cover the body of several.. Aphides, if closely examined will he found of the nature of wax. Flod, obs. form of Flood. t Flod, v. Obs. [? onomatopoeic ; cf. plod.] intr. ? To walk slowly. 1677 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. in. 14 There is no getting a shoot at them without a Stalking-horse, .who will, .walk up FLODDER. 339 FLOOD. and down iti the Water winch way you please, flodding and eating on the Grass that grows therein. Flodd(e, flod(e, obs. forms of Flood. t Flo'dder, v . Sc. Obs. [f. flod Flood sb. + -eh 3 . Cf. Flutter.] trans. To flood, a. To overflow, b. transf. To ‘ blubber ’ or disfigure (the face) by weeping. 1513 Douglas /Ends vn. Prol. 52 The law vaille flodJerit all wyth spait. Ibid. xi. ii. 80 With gret terys flodderit his face and ene. Flodge (ityds)- dial. [var. of Flosh ; cf. Slush, Sludge, and sec Flash jA 1 ] A small pool, a puddle. 1696 A. de I.A Pryme Diary (Surtees) 81 He himself saw .. inwall the gutters and rivelets of water in the streets and in the Hodges, great quantities of little young jacks. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. I. 195 Miniature lakes which Lincolnshire men call flodges stretched across the path. Floe [perh. a. Norse fio layer, level piece (Ivar Aascn) ON J 16 fem. The usual Da. word for (ice-)floe is flage — Yhs\\ sb}~\ 1 . A sheet of floating ice, of greater or less ex¬ tent ; a detached portion of a field of ice. Also icefloe. 1817 Scores by in Ann. Reg., Chron. 531 Pieces of very large dimensions, but smaller than fields, are called floes. 1823 — North. Whale Fishery 71 We came to the edge of a heavy floe, 8 or 10 miles in diameter. 1857 E. Parry Mem. Sir IV. E. Parry 76 One of the whalers, .was crushed between two moving floes. 1878 Markham Gt. Frozen Sea i. 2 They were destined to grapple and fight with the heavy and unyielding ice floes of the Polar Ocean. transf. 1886 Hall Caine Son of Hagar 11. xiii, The moon might fly behind the cloud floes. 2 . attrib. and Comb., as floe-edge ; floeberg, a berg composed of lloe-ice : floe-flat, a seal = floe rat ; floe-ice (see quot. 1882); floe-rat, a sealer’s name for the small ringed seal (. Phoca hispida). 1878 E. L. Moss Shores Polar Sea Descr. Plate xii, The great stratified masses of salt ice .. are .. fragments broken from the edges of the perennial floes. We called them *floe- bergs in order to distinguish them from, and express their kinship to, icebergs. 1856 Kane A ret. Expl. I. vii. 72 We perceived that they were at some distance from the *floe- edge. 1883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal. (ed. 4) 173 Harbour Ranger or Floe Flat. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. vii. (1856) 52 A vast plain of undulating ice .. This was the *floe ice. 1880 Statulard 20 May 3 Of the * £ fioe-rat’ the Greenlanders kill every year about fifty-one thousand. Floe, var. of Flow sbA II Floetz (flets), a. Gcol. [attrib. use of Ger. flotz a layer, dialectal var. of fletz : see Flet.] (See quot. 1865.) Also in Comb., as Jloetz-trap. 181 x Pinkerton Petral. I. 99 It belongs to the floetz-trap rocks. 1865 Page Handbk. Geol. Terms, Flotz .. a term applied by Werner to the Secondary strata, because they were flotz or flat-lying, compared with the Primary and Transition rocks. Flog (ffyg), zb [Mentioned in 1676 as a cant word. Presumably of onomatopoeic formation; cf. Flack, Flap; if it originated in school slang, it may have been suggested by L. flagellare.] 1 . trans. To beat, whip; to chastise with re¬ peated blows of a rod or whip. 1676 Coles, Flog, to whip [marked as a cant word]. 1740 Christm. Entcrtainm. ii. (1883) xo Then I was as certainly flogged. 1784 Cowper Tiroc. 329 How he was flogged, or had the luck to escape. 1809 Byron Let. to Hodgson 25 June, The women are flogged at the cart’s tail. 1830 Marryat King's Own i, A man sentenced to be flogged round the fleet receives an equal part of the whole number of lashes awarded alongside each ship composing that fleet. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxxiii, Tom shall have the pleasure of flogging her. 1881 Besant & Rice Chapl. Fleet 1 .49 Is it not barbarous to flog our soldiers and sailors for insubordination? absol. 1727 Swift Molly Mog iv, The School-Master’s joy is to flog. 1887 L. Stephen in Diet. Nat. Biog. XI. 303 Boyer flogged pitilessly. b. Const, into, out of, through. 1830 Gentl. Mag. Jan. 56/2 Providence flogged him [Richter] into contentment. 1852 Smedley L. Arundel i. 19, I have not forgotten the Greek and Latin flogged into us at Westminster. 1886 J. Westby-Gibson in Diet. Nat. Biog. VI. 42/1 What he knew of mathematics he was ‘flogged through’. 1887 Hall Caine Coleridge i. 21 i'll flog your infidelity out of you 1 c. To urge forward (a horse, etc.) by flogging. Also fig. (In early 19th c. to urge on by impor¬ tunity, etc.) 1793 Spirit Pub. Jrnls. (1799) I- 111 Two of the largest [turkeys] .. were flogged up into the boot of a mail-coach. 1800 I. Milner in Life xii. (1842) 220, I was flogged by good Richardson ..to let him have the Life. 1806-7 J* Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) II. xvi, To flog yourself up into an inclination to work in your garden. 1841 James Brigand iii, Take off the bridles of their horses, and flog them down the valley. d. fig. in phrases, To flog the glass (see quot.) ; to flog the clock, to move the hands forward. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789), Manger du sable , to flog the glass, or cheat the glass; expressed of the steersman, who turns the watch-glasses before they have run out, in order to shorten the period of his watch. 1894 Daily Chron. 4 Aug. 3/5, I got suspicious that it [the clock] was being flogged—that is, altered—in the interest of making the time of those in the mate’s watch shorter. 2 . fig. a. slang. To 1 beat excel, b. dial, in pass. To tire out. Cf. Dead-beat A. a 1841 T. Hook (Ogilv.) Good cherry-bounce flogs all the foreign trash in the world. 1847 Lb Fanu T. O'Brien 253 Of all the brimstone spawn that I ever came across that same she-devil flogs them. 1875 Sussex Gloss, s.v., I was fairly flogged by the time I got home. 1883 E. A. Freeman in Stephens Life <$• Lett. (1895) II. 274, I think for position it flogs every place I know. 3 . In general sense: To beat, lash, strike; also with down. Fishing. To cast the fly-line over (a stream) repeatedly; also absol. Cricketing. To ‘ punish ’ (bowling). 1801 Wolcott (P. Pind.), Tears and Smites Wks. 1812 V. 44 As schoolboys flog a top. 1837 Marryat Dog-fetid v, The vessel so flogged by the waves. 1853 Herschel Pop. Led. Sc. 1. § 2^ (1873) *7 Trees were seen to flog the ground with their branches. 1859 Jephson Brittany v. 56 'Flout streams, which have not yet been flogged by cock¬ neys. 1867 F. Francis Angling ix. (1880) 327 A salmon bullied into rising by a customer who .. kept flogging on. 1884 I. Blyih in Lillywhite*s Cricket Anti. 8 Bonnor .. flogged the bowling to the extent of 54. 1892 Whymper Great Andes iii. 68 The only possible way of proceeding was to flog every yard of it [the snow] down. b. intr. Of a sail: To beat or flap heavily. 1839 Marryat Pliant. Ship xxii, The storm-staysail .. flogged and cracked with a noise louder than the gale. 4 . Comb., as flog-master, a prison flogger. 1702 T. Brown Lett. Dead to Living Wks. 1760 II. 205 Busby was never a greater terror to a blockhead, or the Bridewell flog-master to a night-walking strumpet. Hence Flogged, Flo’gging ppl. adjs. 1682 [see Flauging]. 1836 Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) IV. 99 Keeping us what Mr. Cobbett denominated ‘a flogged people’. 1884 Athenaeum 19 July 75/3 He undergoes brutal treatment from a flogging master. 1891 Sat. Rev. 21 Mar. 343/2 The blood of flogged boys. Flogga*tion. nonce-wd. [f. prec. + -ation.] Flogging, a punishment by flogging. 1688-9 Jeffrey's Last Will in Ld. Campbell Chancellors (1846) III. cii. 579, I. .being in sound and perfect memory, of high commissions.. floggations, gibitations [etc.]. Floggee (fl^gT)* U- as P r ec. + -ee.] One who is flogged. 1836 Marryat Mulsh. Easy (1863) 15 Why should there be a distinction between the flogger and the floggee? 1881 Sala in Illustr. Ld. News 7 May 443 The ‘flogee* had received his twenty-five lashes. Flogger (fl^gaa). [f. as prec. + er *.] 1 . One who flogs. 1708 Motteux Rabelais iv. xxi. (1737) 93. 1713 Doctor no Changeling 13 Doctor Busby, the Famous Flogger of Westminster. 1844 Ld. Brougham A. Lunel II. vi. 145 The common gaol, where a public flogger attends. 1876 Grant Burgh Sch. Scotl . n. v. 208 note, Dr. Parr was quite as distinguished a flogger as a scholar. 2 . slang. A horse- or riding-whip. 1789 G. Parker Lifds Painter 173 Whip, flogger. 1795 Potter Diet. Cant (ed. 2), Flogger, a whip. 18.. Sporting Times (Barrere), Compared with the light and elegant floggers. of the present day, it is a heavy, common ‘ riding companion \ 3 . A kind of tool (see quot.). 1884 Knight Diet. Mech. IV. 348/2 Flogger, a bung- starter. An instrument for beating the bung stave of a cask to start the bung. Flogging (Argil)), vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ing L] The action of the vb. Flog. 1 . The practice or system of punishment by blows ; an instance of it; a chastisement. 1758 Shenstone Let. to Graves 22 July, I have not only escaped a flogging [in the Monthly Review^ but am treated with great civility. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge xlvii, There’s nothing like flogging to cure that disorder. 1851 Ht. Martineau Hist. Peacciy^p III. iv. xi. 92 The ques¬ tion of military flogging was brought forward year by year. 2 . In various uses. a. The action of forcing up (a rent), b. The flapping (of a sail), c. Fishing. (See Flog z/. 3). 1835 Marryat Pirate iii, Keep the sheet fast .. or the flogging will frighten the lady. 1886 Q. Rev. CLXIII. 350 When a long day's flogging has been at last followed by a solitary rise. i88x Daily News 9 Sept. 2/1 The tenants were really unable to stand any longer the flogging of rents which they had managed to pay for so many years. 3 . altrib. and Comb., as flogging flock, -cove, -slake ; flogging-chisel, a large cold chisel used in chipping castings; flogging-hammer, a small sledge-hammer used for striking a flogging-chisel. 1827 in Hansard Pari. Debates 12 Mar. XVI. 1126 Some of the men were brought out so frequently to be flogged, that they were known by the name of the *flogging-blocks. 1851 Thackeray Eng. Hum. iii. (1876) 219 By good fortune [to] escape the flogging-block. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. 1 . 886/2 * Flogging-chisel. 17.. B. E. Did. Cant. Crew, * Flog¬ ging-cove, tiie Beadle, orWhipper in Bridewell. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 886/2 * Flogging-hammer. 1785 Grose Did. Vulg. Tongue , * Flogging stake , the whipping post. Hence rio ggingly adv. 1840 New Monthly Mag. LVIII. 527 A frown from Mr. Innovate, floggingly put on, hastened his preparations. Flogh, obs. pa. t. of Flay. + Flo’gliter, v. Obs . [cf. Flocht and Flaugh- teu v.] intr . To waver. Hence Floghtering, ppl. a. 1521 Fisher Eng. Wks. (1876) 313 That we floghter not in the catholike doctryne. Ibid. 334 Against all fioghteryng doutfulnes. Flogster (Ity’gstoi). rare. [f. Flog v. : sec -stek.J ‘ One who is addicted to flogging’ {Cent. Did.). + Floine. Obs. Also 4 floyne, floygene. [a. OFr. jlouin in same sense.] A kind of small ship. 13.. Sege Jems , MS. Cott.Calig. A ii. f. iii (Halliw.) Ther were floygenes on flote. .Cokkes and karekkes y-cas- telled alle. ? a 1400 Morle Arth. 743 In floynesand fercestez, and Flemesche schyppes. a 1400 Odouian 1485 Many galeys, schyppes, and floyne. Florster, v. 1569 J- Sanford tr. Agrippds Van. Arles 104b note, Lawes enacted concerninge floisteringe beggerc. 1847 Halliwei.l, Floistering, skittish, boyish. Flok(k)ard : see Flockard. Floke, Flokes, obs. ff. Fluke, Flux. Flom, obs. form of Flume. Flomery, flommery, obs. ff. Flummery. Flon, flone, vars. of Flane Obs., arrow. Flong (flpq). Stereotyping, [anglicized pro¬ nunciation of Fr .flan : see Flawn.] (See quots.) 1880 Printing Times 15 Feb. 30/1 The flong is really the substance made of several thicknesses of paper fastened together by the paste. 1888 Jacobi Printers Vocab., Flong, the prepared paper used for making the moulds for casting stereo by the paper process. Flong, obs. pa. t. and pa. pple. of Fling v. Flood (fltfd), sb. Forms: 1 flod, 2-6 flod(e, 3 flodd, fludd, 3-4 south. vlod(e, 4-6 floode, flude, (5 flowede, flowyd, fiuyd, Both), 5-7 flud, 6 flodde, floud(d)e, fludde, 6-7 floud, Sc. fluid, 4- flood. [Com. Teut. : OK. flod str. masc. and ncut. = OFris. and OS. flod masc., fcm. and neut. (MDu. vloet, Du. vloed) — OIIG. Jluot fem. (MITG. vluot masc. and fem., Ger. flut fem.), ON. Jlod neut., Goth . flod us fem. OTeut. *flb&u(z pre-Teut. plotus, f. Aryan verbal stem *plo, whence Flow v. The primary sense, in ac¬ cordance with the original function of the suffix lit, is ‘ action of flowing ’, though the concrete uses are found in all Teut. langs. For the abnormal development of the vowel in mod.Eng. cf. Blood.] 1 . The flowing in of the tide. Often in phrases, ebb andflood, + tide of flood ; also, young, quarter, half, fullflood, top of flood. a 1000, etc. [see Ebb sb. i], O. E. Chron. an. 1031 Whenne past flod byfi ealra hehst & ealra fullost. c 1200 Trill . Coll. Horn. 177 For swiche flode, and for swich ebbinge b e prophete nenimeft bis vvoreld se. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 20 Heo .. wende uorj? with god wynd & wel dryuyng flode. 1350 Will. Palerne 2745 At fie fulle flod pei ferden to sayle. C1425 Wyntoun Cron. ix. iii. 47 For Swlway was at fiare passyng All Eb, bat b a i fond J?an on Flud. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I.xcii. 114 They cast anker and abode the fludde. 1627 Cart. Smith Seaman's Gram. x. 47 Flood is when the water beginneth to rise, which is young flood as we call it, then quarter flood, halfe flood, full Sea, still water, or high water. 1769 E. Bancroft Nat. Hist. Guiana. 323 The fish enter with the tide of flood. 1801 R. Donnelly in Naval Chron. VI. 161 The young flood making close in shore. 1858 Merc. Marine Mag. V. 175 The flood runs 3 hours. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s. v., Top of flood or high-water. fg. c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems 77 Ebbe after floode of al prosperite. 1559 Ferrers Mirr. Mag.,Dk. Glocesterx i,Whan Fortunes flud ran with full streame. 1601 Shaks. Jul. C. iv. iii. 219 There is a Tide in the affayres of men, Which taken at the Flood, leades on to Fortune. 1647 R. Stapylton Juvenal Pref., The empire..was at the highest flood of humane prosperity. 1710 Palmer Proverbs 143 It seldom happens, but that a flood of words have an ebb of sense. <11862 Buckle Civiliz. (1873) III. iii. 178 The flood of material prosperity had fairly set in. 2 . A body of flowing water; a river, stream, usually, a large river. Obs. exc. poet, + Against the flood : against the stream. C825 Vesp. Psalter Ixxix [lxxx]. 12 Du aSenedes. .o 5 flod [Vulg. Jin men] setene his. c 1000 .Elfric Gen. ii. 10 past flod eode of stowe \>&re winsumnisse. C1200 Ormin 10612 O }onnd hallf flod wass Sannt Johan Bapptisste forr to fullhtnenn. a 1300 Cursor M. 5624 (Cott.) pe kings jdoghter plaiand yod And saghbe vessel on be flodd.^ a 1470T1PTOFT Caesar xii. (1530) 15 A flod called the Thames, c 1485 Digby Myst. v. 491, I wyll no more row a-geyn the ftlode. 1562 Turner Baths 3 b, The bathes of Baden .. are betwene the famous flode the Rene and the black or martian wood. 1605 Sparke Brotherly Persw. (1607) 59 The water of the flood Iordan. 1735 Somerville Chase iv. 407 Ev’ry . .hollow Rock, that o’er the dimpling Flood Nods pendant. 1814 Words w. Wh. Doe of Ryl. 11. 225 She will to her peaceful woods Return, and to her murmuring floods. transf. and fig. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn, iii He dranc of deSes flode. 1340 Ayenb. 247 Drinke of the ulode of pine zuetnesse. 3 . In wider sense: Water as opposed to land, often contrasted with field and fire. Also pi .: cf. waters. Now poet, or rhetorical . a 1000 Czdmon's Gen. 204 (Gr.) Cynn, J>a b e flod wecce <5 . .inc hyraft eall. c 1200 Ormin 14816 Swa b att te k* n g wibb all hiss ferd Wass drunnenedd unnderr flodess. a 1300 Cursor PI. 13323 (Cott.) 1 Petre’ he said, ‘b ou has ben god Fissar hiddir-til on flod*. ^1325 Mdr. Horn. 135 Schip fletes on the flode. c 1450 Golagros Caw. 302 1 he roy.. socht to the ciete of Criste, our the salt flude. i 59 ° Shaks. Mids. N. 11. i. 5 Through flood, through fire, I do wander euerie where, a 1668 Davenant Distresses Wks. (1673) 55 Those .. cold and slippery Creatures that Possess the rest¬ less Flood. 1788 Cowper Morning Dream 25 Thus swiftly dividing the flood, To a slave-cultured island we came. 1812 J/Wilson Isle of Palms 1. 42 My spirit.. Looks down on the far-off Flood. 1857 G. Lawrence Guy Liv. iv, The 43-2 340 FLOODLET. FLOOD. accidents of flood and field were discussed. [After Shaks. Oth. I. iil. 135.] fig. a 1711 Ken Edmund Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 167 The Floods of Joy celestial gently roll, Wave after Wave. 4 . An overflowing or irruption of a great body of water over land not usually submerged ; an inundation, a deluge. In flood , + on a flood : (of a river, etc.) overflowing its banks; (of land) in an inundated condition. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. vii. 25 pa com }xcr ren, & mycele flod. 1125 O. Chron. an. 1125 On Ses ilces £eares wearo svva inicel flod .. bet feola tunes & men weorSan adrencte. a 1300 Cursor II. 1042 (Cott.) pis paradis es sett sua hei, pat moght neuer flod ani par nei. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus 111. 591 Campsall MS. (640) Syn it ron, and al was on a flode. 14^6 in Ld. Treas . Acc. Scotl. I. 283 For bering of the Kingis treis that the flude hed away. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill iv. iv. 512 By sudden Floods, and fall of Waters, Buckinghams Armie is dispers’d. 1673 Ray fount. Low C. 8 Great Rivers, which .. in times of Floods brought down with them abundance of Earth. 1781 CowrER Charity 282 Shipwreck, .fire, and flood, Are mighty mischiefs. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xi. 78 On one occasion, when the floods were out, he exposed his life to imminent risk.. 1874 Froude in .S’. Afric. Notes 13-19 Dec., The rivers in the colony are reported to be in flood. trails/, and fig. a 1225 Auer. R. 74 Of a drope waxe '5 a muche flod .. pet adrenceS pe soule. c 1460 Townetey Myst. (Surtees) 149 Alas ! my hart is alle on flood. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. 1. vi. 74 With his eyes in flood with laughter. 1864 Tennyson Aylmer's F. 339 His passions all in flood And masters of his motion. 1883 Macfadyen in Congrega¬ tional Ycar-bk. 39 Floods of unbelief and carelessness have overspread the land. b. The flood : the great deluge recorded in the book of Genesis as occurring in the time of Noah ; hence often Noah's flood ; also, the great , general or universalflood. Beowulf 1689 (Gr.) Flod ofsloh .. giganta cyn. 1 1000 Ags. Gosf. Luke xvii. 27 Flod com and ealle forspilde. C1175 Lamb. Horn. 93 Hit itimode efter noes flode. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xiv. iv. (1495)470 Therin [Ararat] Noes shyppe restyd after the flood, c 1450 tr. DeImitatione in. xxxvi, Euery flesshe had corrupte his wey, and per fore folowed pe gret flode, 1533 Elyot Cast. Helthe (1539) 32 b, The vniuersall deluge or floudde. 1571 Campion Hist. Irel. vii. (1633) 22 Three hundred yeares after the generall Floud. 1734 Pope Ess. Man iv. 212 If your ancient but ignoble blood Has crept through scoundrels ever since the flood, a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) I. 199 You would have sworn. .He had fished in the flood with Flam and Sliem ! c. Deucalion's flood', a great deluge said, in Greek mythology, to have occurred in Thessaly. 1653 Walton Angler i. 12 Some say, it [Angling] is as ancient as Deucalions Floud. 5 . A profuse and violent outpouring of water; a swollen stream, a torrent; a violent downpour of rain, threatening an inundation. c 1205 Lay. 3894 From heouene her com a sulcucS flod, pre dae^es hit rinde blod. 1531 Elyot Gov . 11. xii. (1883) 138 A lande flode runnynge downe of a mountayne after a storme. 1611 Bible Rev. xii. 15 The serpent cast out of his mouth water as a flood. 1879 Froude Caesar xxii. 369 The melting of the snows in the mountains brought a flood down the Segre. 1880 W. Cornw. Gloss, s.v., It’s raining a flood. b. transf. in various uses: Applied e. g. to a profuse burst of tears, a copious outpouring of dame or light, a torrent of lava, an overwhelming concourse or influx of persons. 1589 Puttenham Eng. Pocsic in. xxii. (ArbF 263, I haue heard of the flouds of teares. 1607 Shaks. Tirnon 1. i. 42 You see this confluence, this great flood of visitors. 1711 Pope Temp. Fame 478 Tow’rs and temples sink in floods of fire. 1837 Dickens Pickwick xxxvi, Miss Bolo..went straight home, in a flood of tears, and a sedan chair, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. ii. 12 Floods of golden light were poured down the sides of the mountain. c. fig. in various applications. 1340 Ay cub. 247 Huannegod ssel do come ope his urendes ane ulod of pays, c 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4856 What flodes thurgh thyn hert ran of trewest sorow and wepyng. 1589 Puttenham Eng. Poesie in. xxii. (Arb.) 263, I haue heard of. .the flouds of eloquence, or of any thing that may resemble the nature of a water-course. 1601 Shaks. Jut. C. 111. ii. 215 Let me not stirre you vp To such a sodaine Flood of Mutiny. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) I. xviii. 327 The flood of joy in my breast. 1877 Mrs. Oliphant Makers Flor. x. 241 A preacher who .. poured forth what was in him in floods of fiery words. 1894 ( hubs Colloq. Currency 73 How do we know that there will be a flood of silver rather than of gold ? + 6. pi. = Flooding 2. 1666 G. Harvey Morb. Angl. xxxii. (1672) 97 Others that have the good fortune of. .being delivered, escape by means of their Floods. 1755 in Johnson ; and in mod. Diets. 7 . atlrib . and Comb, ( sense 1), as flood-streamy -wave ; (sense 2), as + flood crab , \gravel \ (sense 3), as flood-bickerer ; (sense 4), as flood-dam , -dis¬ charge, -sluice , -water ; (sense 4 b), as flood - tradition. Also flood-beat , - compelling , -like adjs. rtI 593 Marlowe OvuVs Eleg. ii. xvii, *Flood-beat Cythera. 1599 Nashe Lenten Stuffe 32 A .. hoast of vn- fatigable *flud bickerers and foame-curbers. 1735 Thomson Liberty v. 473 The ^flood-compelling Arch, c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 862 *Floode crabbes here & ther to crucifie He seth, is goode. 1879 Lumbermans Gaz. 11 June 5 They plan to build a *flood-dam. 1878 Macm. Mag. Jan. 245/1 The *flood discharge of the Polar River, c 1420 Pallad. on llusb. 1. 368 *Floode gravel is goode for coveryng. 1855 Clarke Diet., * Flood-like. 1791 W. Jessop Rep. Riv. IVitham 14 * Flood-sluices. 1858 Merc. Marine Mag. V. 366 The *flood stream, .sets E. by N. 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Man. xi. 324 The * flood-traditions of remote regions of the world. 1791 W. Jessoi* Rep. Riv. IVitham 11 Regulate the passage of Flood waters. 1893 G. D. Leslie Lett, to Marco xxii. 144 The gulls .. settled on the meadow by the flood-water. 1892 E. Reeves Homeward Bound 157 Driving the water against botn banks like a * flood wave. 8. Special comb., as flood-anchor, ‘ that which the ship rides by during the flood-tide 9 (Adm. Smyth); flood-arch, an arch of a bridge under which the water flows in time of flood; flood- boards, boards fitted together so as to keep out a flood ; flood-bridge, a bridge for use in flood-time; flood-drift, sticks, etc. brought down by a flood; flood-flanking (see quot.) ; flood- land, land covered by water in time of flood; flood-loam = Alluvium; flood-mark, the high- water mark; flood-plain (see quot.); flood-wheel, a water wheel; f flood-womb, the river bed; flood- wood, pieces of wood brought down by a flood ; also transf. and fig. Also Flood-gate, Flood-tide. 1844 Diet. Trades,, v. Anchor, The *flood anchor. 1891 A. J. Foster Ouse 135 The bridge .. with its long line of *flood arches crossing the meadows. 1869 Blackmoke Lorna D. i, His place it is to stand at the gate, attending to the ^flood-boards grooved into one another. 1741 N. Riding Rec. VIII. 237 The repairs of the * flood-bridge. 1869 Blackmore Lorna D. viii, I lay down .. with .. some flood-drift combing over me. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 886/2 * Flood-flanking (Hydraulic Engin.), a mode of embanking with stiff moist clay, a 1881 Rossetti Spring , The drained *flood-lands flaunt their marigold. 1880 J. Geikie Preh. Europe 22 The ancient loss or *flood- loam of the Meuse. 1622 Malynes Anc. Law-Merch. 167 Things found vpon the Seas, or within the *flood-mark. 1808 Scott Marm. 11. ix, The tide did now its flood-mark gain. 1882 Geikie Text-Bk. Geol. in. n. xi. § 3. 383 The level tracts or ^flood-plain over which a river spreads in flood. 1515 in Rogers Agric. Prices (1866) III. 564/1, 1 pr. *flode wheels 7/. 1382 Wyclif Isa. xix. 7 Nakened shal be the *flod wombe, and the ryueres fro ther welle. 1839 Marryat Diary Amer. Ser. 1. I. 229 The major part of the men were what they call here ^flood-wood , that is, of all sizes and heights. 1869 Blackmore Lorna D. x, Between two bars, where a fog was of rushes, and flood- wood. Flood (flinl), v. [f. prec. sb. Cf. earlier Flede.] 1 . trans. To cover with a flood ; to inundate. 1663 Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 479 The streets in Oxon were all flouded with water. 1748 Rclat. Earlhq. Lima 2 It floods the Out-Skirts of the Town. 1841 Elphinstone Hist. Ind. II. 451 The rainy season set in; the whole plain was flooded. transf. and fig. 1841 L. Hunt Seer (1864) 1 The sun¬ shine floods the sky and ocean. 1855 Stanley Mem. Cantcrb. iii. (1857) 120 Flooding the hedgeless plains .. the army .. rolled along. 1882 J. H. Blunt Ref. Ch. Eng. II. 484 The bookstalls were flooded with Puritan pamphlets. 1894 Gibbs Colloq. Currency 72 We shall be flooded with silver and all gold will go out of circulation. t b. To duck (a person) in the river, rare. ? 14.. Symmie <$■ his Bruthcr x i. in Laing E. P. P. (1822) All |?e laddes cryd with a lairrum To flud him & to Ayr him. 2 . To cover or fill with water ; to irrigate (grass land) ; to deluge (a burning house, mine, etc.) with water. Also of rain, etc.: To fill (a river) to over¬ flowing. 1831 I jOUDon Encycl. Agric. § 2207 Flooding and warping are modes of irrigation, the former for manuring grass lands. 1841 W. Spalding Italy It. I si. I. 364 On the arena of the circus or amphitheatre temporarily flooded. 1855 Bain Senses <$• hit, iii. iii. § 14 A violent storm has flooded the rivers. 1883 Manch. Exam. 24 Oct. 4/6 It was decided yesterday, .to flood the. .Colliery. 3 . To pour (away, back, out ) in a flood. In quots. fig. rare. 1829 Fonblanque England under Seven Administr. (1837) I. 232 He floods away his sorrows in private. 1862 Merivale Rom. Emf. (1871) V. xl. 60 The lifeblood of the provinces is flooded back upon Paris. 1888 Lighthall Vug. Seigneur 28 The merry girl left me to flood out her spirits on a friend. 4 . iulr. a. Of rain : To fall in ‘ torrents \ rare. b. To come in * floods’ or great quantities; also with in. lit. and fig. c. Of a river: To overflow. 1755 L. Evans Mid. Brit. Colonies 30 If it floods early, it scarce retires within its Banks in a Month. 1813 Byron Giaour xi, Though raves the gust, and floods the rain. 1829 I. Taylor Enlltus. x. 268 Discourses, and reports, and tracts, that are .. flooding from the religious press. a 1861 Clough Misc. Poems, Say not the Struggle 12 Far back, through creeks and inlets making, Comes silent, flooding in, the main. 1886 J. K. Jerome Idle Thoughts 18 Thoughts, .flood in upon us. 5 . To suffer from uterine haemorrhage. 1770 IFewson in Phil. Trans. LX. 404 I'o give women, who are flooding, considerable quantities of port wine. Hence Floo ded, Flooding ppl. adjs. Also Flooder. 1627-61 Feltham Resolves 1. liii. 95 They..pour a plenty on the general world .. Surely, we nickname this same floodding man, when we call him by the name of Brave. 1833 Mrs. Browning Prometh. Bound Poems (1850) I. 179 By the flow Of flooding Nile. 1834 M. Scott Cruise Midge (1859) 4 2 9 From the flooded floor the water was soaking through the seams. 1854 J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) 11 , iv. 76 ‘ Pardon ’, she exclaimed with.. flooded eyes. 1871 Daily News 30 June, They flooded the constituency with money, .and the result was that the honourable flooder was sent to what is called another place. 1881 Mrs. C. Praed Policy <$• P. I. 130 Madox had .. saved Cathcart’s life in a flooded creek. 1891 Galabin Midwifery (ed. 2) 731 Certain women have a constitutional proclivity to flood¬ ing., and have been described as ‘ilooders’. Floodable (fiytlab’l), a. [f. Flood v. + -able.] Liable to be flooded, subject to inundation. 1872 Daily News 21 May, The late rains have flooded all floodable parts of the country. Floodage (fl^dedg). [f. Flood sb. + -age.] A flooded state, inundation. 1864 Carlyle Fredk. Gl. IV. xn. vi. 164 This place .. had many accidents by floodage and by fire. 1870 Law Rep. Com. Pleas V. 667 The effect of the milldam .. is to cause back water, or as it is called, floodage on the land above. Floo d-ga:te, floo dgate. 1 . sing, and pi. A gate or gates that may be opened or closed, to admit or exclude water, esp. the water of a flood; spec, the lower gates of a lock. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 167 '2 Flodegate of a my lie, sino- glocitorium. 1519 Churchw. Acc. St. Giles, Reading 3 For a tent next the fflode gatis in the North side of the said mill lane. 1677 Plot Oxfordsh. 233 There are placed a great pair of Folding doors, or Flood-gates of Timber cross the river. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789), Basin of a dock , a place where the water is confined by double flood-gates. 1781 Chambers' Cycl. s. v. Lock or Weir , Lock is .. a kind of canal inclosed between two gates; the upper called by workmen the sluice-gate, and the lower called the flood-gate. 1858 Lardner Hydrost. etc. iv. 66 The water in the higher level is confined by a floodgate. b. transf. and fig. chiefly in expressions relating to rain or tears. a 1225 A tier. R. 72 Hwon 3e nede moten speken a lute- wiht, leseS up ower mmSes flod3eten, ase me de - 3 et ter mulne, and leted adun sone. 1548 Hall Chroit ., Hen. VI, 158 b, To set open the fludde gates of these devises, it was thought necessary, to cause some great comocion and rysyng of people. 1592 Shaks. Ven. # Ad. 959 Through the floud-gates breaks the sillier rain. 1607 Hieron Wks. I. 89 It setteth open the very floudgate of Gods wrath. a 1656 Br. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 109 Let no Antinomian stop the floodgates of our eyes. 1663 Cowley Disc. O. Cromwell (1669) 67 It is God that breaks up the Flood- Gates of so general a Deluge. 1781 Cowper Convers. 264 When wine has. .forced the flood-gates of licentious mirth ! 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair xxvi, The floodgates were opened, and mother and daughter wept. 2 . a. A sluice, b. dial, (see quot. 1886). 1559 A* Andrison in W. Boys Sandwich (1792) 739 Wheales ..for the drawenge up of the fludgates. 1870 Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. v. 3 It is idle to pull up the flood-gates of a dry brook, and then hope to see the wheel revolve. 1886 Elworthy IV. Somerset Word-bk., Flood-gate, a gate hung upon a pole across a stream, so that in flood-time it rises and falls by floating on the water. Its purpose is..to prevent cattle passing when the water is low. f 3 . The stream that is closed by or passes through a flood-gate ; a strong stream, a torrent. Also transf. and fig. Ohs. 1388 Wyclif fob xxxvi. 27 Which .. schedith out reynes at the licnesse of flood3atis. 1533 Act 25 Hen. VIII , c. 7 Take, .in fludgate, salmon-pipe, or at the tayle of any mylle or were, .the young fry. .of. .salmon. 1590 Spenser F. Q. II. i. 43 Of her gored wound.. He .. did the floudgate stop With his faire garment. 1651 C. Cartwright Cert. Relig. 1. 22 My Lord, you let a flood-gate of Arguments out. b. attrib. passing into adj. 1604 Shaks. Oth. 1. iii. 56 For my perticular griefe Is of so flood-gate, and ore-bearing Nature. 4 . Comb., as flood-gate iron (see quot. 1833). 1783 in Boswell Johnson (1848) 721/2 ‘ Sir’, said he, ‘ I am the great Twalmley, who invented the New Floodgate Iron 1833 J. Holland Manuf. Metal 11 . 253 The second [box-iron] is made hollow, for the reception of a heater ; and with reference to the contrivance by which the heater is shut in, has been called the floodgate iron. Flood-hatch., [see Hatch.] A framework of boards sliding in grooves, to be raised in time of flood ; a sluice, floodgate, lit. and fig. 1587 T urberv. Epit. SpSonn. (1837)299 ,1 cannot liue if you doe stoppe, the floudhatch of your frendly brook. 1596 Fitz-Geifray Sir F. Drake (1881) 26 Let downe The floud-hatches of all spectators eies. 1806 Wolcott (P. Pindar) Tristia Wks. 1812 V. 340, I close the flood-hatch of your praise. 1807 Vancouver Agric. Devon. (1813) 319 At the end .. another flood-hatch is fixed on a level with the bed of the river. 1880 in W. Cornw. Gloss. Flooding (flzrdiij), vbl. sb. [see + -iNGb] 1 . The action of the vb. Flood ; an instance of it. 1799 J. Robertson Agric. Perth 166 Rivers, which, by their flooding, have, .formed the richest and deepest mould. b .pi. Floods. In quots. fig.: Fullness, super¬ abundance. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk <5* Sclv. Ep. Ded., To. drown their sorrows for the jewel that was lost, in the floudings of their joy for the Cabinet that was left. 1854 Mrs. Browning Drama of Exile Poems 1850 I. 18 Thy body heaves Under the golden floodings of thine hair ! 2 . A popular term for uterine hemorrhage, esp. in connexion with parturition. 1710 ' 1 '. Fuller Pharm. Extemp. 299, I should by no means advise it to any..apt to Flouding. 1859 Waller in Hubne tr. Moquin-Tandon 11. in. 162 Cases of hemor¬ rhage. .which from their severity are termed ‘floodings’. Floodless (fhrdles), a. [f. Flood sb. + -less.] Without water. 1605 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. iii. 111. Lawe 702 This flood-less Foord the Faithfull Legions pass. 1622 J. Taylor (W ater P.) Merry-Wherry-Ferry Bij, We gat from Force- dikes floodles flood to Trent. Floodlet (fltf'dlet). [f. as prec. F -let.] A little flood. 1855 Bailey Spirit Leg. in Mystic , &c. 73 Where, .sacred Sinde ; Or Brahmapootra, fling o’er bordering meads Their annual floodlcts fruitful. FLOODOMETER. 341 FLOOR. Floodometer (flodjrmftai). [f. as prec. + -(o)metkk.] An instrument for ascertaining the height of a flood. 1880 Time's 17 Sept. 8/5 The floodometer at the county bridge registered 8 ft. of ‘ fresh' this noon, and, with falling rain, the water is still rising. Floo d-ti de. [f. Flood sb. + Tide.] The rising or inflowing title : = Flood sb. i. 17x9 .De Foe Crusoe (1840) II. iv. 75 They had .. the flood-tide with them. 1841 Marryat Poacher xxxviii, The flood-tide has made almost an hour, and we must sail at the first of the ebb. Jig. 1861 Trench Comm. Ep. 7 Churches 77 It seemed as if the flood-tides of a thankful love would never ebb. 1874 Morley Compromise^ 1886)34 We have been, .on a flood tide of high profits and a roaring trade. t Floody (fltf-di), a. Obs. Also 5 fludy, 6 floudy, fluddy. [f. Flood sb. + -y L] Pertain¬ ing to the flood, i. e. to the river or to the sea. c 1420 P'allad. on IIusb. 1. 372 Stone tiburtyne, or floody columbyne. 1483 Cath. Angl. 136/2 Fludy, Jiuuialis. 1599 Nashe Lenten Stuffe Wks. (Grosart) V. 232 To chaunt .. an excelsitude of this monarchall fluddy Induperator [red herring]. Flook: see Fluke. Flookan, Hooking (flirkan, -iq). Alining .. Also 9 fluc(c)an. [Of unknown origin ; app. not Celtic.] a. A cross-course or transverse vein com¬ posed of clay. b. (See quot. 1869.) 1728 Nicholls in Phil. Trans. XXXV. 403 The Load is frequently intercepted by the crossing of a Vein of Earth, or Stone .. This transient Load is by the Miners term’d a Flooking. 1807 Carne ibid. XCVII. 293 A flookan .. was discovered .. which cut the lode at an angle of 45 0 . 1869 R. 15. Smyth Gold/. Victoria 611 Flucan or Flookan, a sort of clayey substance, often found against the walls of a quartz reef, and accompanying cross-spurs and slides. Floor (flo®i ),sbA Forms: 1 fl6r, 3 flor, 4-7 flore, flour(e, 5-6, 9 dial. flur(e, 6 Sc. fluire, (6 floy- yre), 6-7 fioar(e, 6-8 flower, 7 floore, 7- floor. [OE .Jlor str. masc. and fern., corresponds toMDu., mod.Du. vloer , MHG. vluor masc. and fern. (mod. Ger. Jlur fern, field, plain, masc. floor), ON. Jlor floor of a cowstallOTeut. *Jloru-s pre-Teut. * plant-s or *p/oru-s. Cf. OIr. Idr, Welsh llawr of same meaning pre-Celtic *pldr-i] I. In a house or other structure. 1 . The layer of boards, brick, stone, etc. in an apartment, on which people tread; the under surface of the interior of a room. Beowulf 725 (Gr.). On fagne flor feond treddode. c888 K. zElfred Boeth. i. He jefeoll niwol of dune on flor. c 1200 Ormin 15566, & all he warrp ut i \>e flor j?e bordess & te sillferr. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 288 pe flor to brae vnder hem. a 1400 Isumbras 653 The knyghtes. .fande the golde right in the flore. 1528 Lyndesay Dremc 13 Sumtyme, playand fairsis on the flure. 1681 R. Knox Hist. Ceylon 116 They dig an hole in the floar of their house. 17x8 Freethinker No. 17 p 8 She .. walks two or three Turns in a Fret over the Floor. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xxiii, He threw his glove upon the floor of the church. x86o Tyn¬ dall Glac. 1. v. 40 The stone floor was dark with moisture. b. In extended sense : The base of any cavity; the bottom of a lake, sea, etc. a 1000 Satan 318 (Gr.) Flor attre weol. c 1586 C’tess Pembroke Ps. lxxviii. vi, Where the deepe did show his sandy flore. 1844 Emerson Led. Neiv Eng. Ref. Wks. (Bohn) I. 268 They would know the worst, and tread the floor of hell. 1866 Tate Brit. Mollusks iii. 48 The tongue forms the floor of the mouth. 1869 Rawlinson Anc. Hist. 2 Found under¬ neath the floors of caves. f c. metonymically. Those who sit on the floor, as opposed to those who occupy elevated seats in token of rank or dignity. Obs. 1655-62 Gurnall Chr. in Arm. (1669) 296/2 We are in their condition and rank, being of the floor and lowest of the people. 1683 R. North in State Trials (1811) IX. 193 Differences between him [the lord mayor] and the aldermen on the one side, and the floor or livery men on the other. 2 . The framework or structure of joists, etc. sup¬ porting the flooring of a room. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 160 Floor, in Carpentry, it is as well taken for the Fram’d work of Timber, as the Board¬ ing over it. 1823 P. Nicholson Prod. Build. 220 Bridging Floors , floors in which bridging joists are used. 1858 Sim- monds Did. Trade, Floor , the timber, bricks &c. of the platform.. on which the planks or flooring is laid. b. Applied to the ceiling of a room, in its rela¬ tion to the apartment above. Also transf. of the sky. 1596 Shaks. Mcrch. V. v. i. 58 Looke how the floore of heauen Is thick inlayed with pattens of bright gold. 1603 Holland Plutarch 's Mor. 931 Sticking up a broch or spit . .to the floore over head. 1887 Bowen Virg. JEncid 1. 287 Then Caesar .. Bounding his throne by Ocean, his fame by the firmament floor. 3 . Naut. a. (see quot. 1867). fb. The deck, c. pi. — floor-timbers. a 1618 Raleigh Invent. Shipping 18 We have given longer Floares to our Ships, then in elder times, and better bearing under Water. 1683 Hacke Colled. Orig. Voy. (1699) L 37 We took up our Water Cask from out of the Main Hatch to the Floor, and cleared the Timbers amid-Ships. 1805 D. Steel Naval Archil. 378 I11 the Royal Navy .. the floors are bolted through the keelson and keel. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk ., Floor , the bottom of a vessel on each side of the kelson; but strictly taken, it is only so much of her bottom as she rests upon when aground. Ibid., Floors or Floor- Timbers. 4 . In legislative assemblies, the part of the house where the members sit, and from which they speak. Flence Jig. The right of speaking; as to get or obtain the Jloor. To take the Jloor \ to get up to address a meeting ; to take part in a debate; said also of taking part in a dance. Chiefly US. 1774 J* Q- Adams in Fain. Lett. (1876) 12 He came upon the floor, and asked a member, ‘What state are you now in?’ 1804 Pitt Speeches (1806) IV. 354 The right honour¬ able gentleman on the floor. 1811 B. Rush in J. Q. Adams' Wks. (1854) IX. 63% note, It blazed forth .. in the year 1776 upon the floor of Congress. 1816 Pickering Voc. s. v., To get the Jloor ; that is, to obtain an opportunity of taking part in a debate. 1851 Mayne Reid Scalp Hunt. I. vii. 99 We returned to our seats again ; and after refreshing .. again ‘took the floor’. 1880 McCarthy Own Times III. xlvi. 391 The Conservatives get what American politicians call ‘the floor'. 1885 Manch. Exam. 15 May 6/1 Saunter¬ ing boldly up the floor of the. House. 1886 Lit. World (U.S.) ir Dec. 469/1 The President took the floor to second the above resolutions. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. I. xii. 157 The senator from Minnesota has the floor. Ibid. I. xiii. 177 The member who first ‘obtains the floor’. b. In Courts of Law (see quot.). 1867 Wiiarton Law Lex. (ed. 4), Floor of the courts the part of the court between the judges and the first row of counsel. Parties who appear in person stand there. 5 . A set of rooms and landings in a house on the same or nearly the same level; a story. See First- floor. 1585 Higins Junius' Nomenclator 181 Trisiega.. an house of three sollers, floores, stories or lofts one ouer another. 1611 B. Jonson Catiline 1. i, He that, building, stayes at one Floore or the second, hath erected none. 175X Johnson Rambler No. 161 p 5 The lodgers on the first floor had stipulated that [etc.]. 1830 Tennyson Mariana vi, Old footsteps trod the upper floors. 1831 Sir J. Sinclair Corr. II. 330 Many buildings, .are let in floors to mechanics. II. A level space or area. 6. An artificial platform, or levelled space, for the carrying on of some industry, esp. threshing. Cf. threshing-Jloor. + Rarely, a structure to walk over. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke iii. 17 He feormacS his bernes flore. c 1300 A’. A Us. 6104 Of hurdles of bruggen they made flores, And so they wente into the mores, c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xviii. 83 pan [mi gader pe fruyt and .. layez it apon a flure til it becom blakk and runkled. 1573 Baret Alv. F 721 A floore where corne is threshed^ area. 1702 in Lond.Gaz. No. 3790/4 Every Cistern .. Kiln ; Floor, Room, or other Place .. made use of for the Wetting or Steeping of Corn. 1775 Romans Hist. Florida 166 One or two platforms., called drying floors. 1884 C. T. Davis Bricks, Tiles, etc. v. (1889) 128 The ‘floors’., the level places where the bricks are moulded. 1888 Lockioood's Did. Mech. Eng in., F'loor, the sand bed of a foundry is termed the floor. Jig. 1782 Cowper Expost. 302 Where flails of oratory thresh the floor. b. transf. The corn, etc. placed on a c floor \ In Malting , A batch or quantity of grain laid at one time for steeping, a ‘ piece \ 1382 Wyclif Ruth iii. 2 In this ny}t he Wynne with the flore of his barli. 1832 W. Champion Maltster's Guide 43 The turning of his floors or pieces, by which alone the proper form of the root can be acquired. 1876 Wyllie in Encycl. Brit. IV. 268 Each steeping is called a ‘floor’ or piece, and must be laid in succession according to age. 7 . A naturally level space or extended surface. Also = the ground {obs. exc. dial.). ‘la 1400 Morte Arth. 3250 With pe drowghte of pe daye alle drye ware pe flores ! 1555 Eden Decades 234 The vpper crust or fioure of the earth. 1637 Milton Lycidas 167 Sunk though he be beneath the watery floor. 1692 Ray Dissol. World iii. v. (1693) 302 Great Banks or Floors of Earth. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. vi. 25 His rosie Wreath was .. Born by the tide of Wine, and floating on the Floor. 1820 Shelley Cloud 47 The moon Glides glimmering o’er my fleece-like floor. 1839 Longf. Celestial Pilot 3 Down in the west upon the ocean floor. 1865 Garland in Jrnl. Roy. Inst. Cornw. Apr. 48 Floor , a grass meadow. 187X L. Stephen Playgr. Eur. ix. (1894) 198 Forests of pine rise steeply from the meadow floor. + 8. An area or region. Ohs.— 1 1626 Bacon Sylva § 255 Both of them [visibles and audibles] spread themselves in Round, and fill a whole Floare or Orbe vnto certaine Limits. f 9 . =BedjAS. Obs. rare. [Cf. MHG. vluor sown field.] 1600 Surflet Count) ie Far me 11. iv. 206 Of the disposing or appointing of the floores of the kitchin garden. III. 10 . A surface on which something rests ; a foundation. ? Obs. 1556 Withals Did. (1566)39^1 A flore, or foundacion, wherevpon buildynge is set. 1768 Smeaton Reports (1797) I. 330 The arches 1 would recommend are of 12 feet wide, and 6 feet from the floor to the springer. 11 . The stratum upon which a seam of coal, etc. immediately lies. 1869 R. B. Smyth Gold/. Victoria 611 Floor , a false bottom, with washdirt lying on it. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. 2 35 Vegetable remains are also met with in rocks beneath the coal, forming what is called the floor. 1883 in Gresley Gloss. Coal Alining s. v. IV. A layer=B ed III. 12 . A layer, a stratum; a horizontal course. 1692 Ray Dissol. World 11. iv. (1732) 127 Many Beds or Floors of all kinds of Sea-Shells. 1778 Pryce Min. Cor nub. 321 A Floor is a bed of Ore in a Lode. 1851 Richardson Geol. i. 7 In the case of tin it occasionally spreads out into a flat mass, technically called a floor. 13 . A unit of measurement used for embankment work (see quots.). 1707 Mortimer Husb. xv. 309 Banks are measured by the . . Floor, which is eighteen Foot square and one deep. 1797 1 rans. Soc. Encourag. Arts XV. 148 A floor of earth is twenty feet square, and one foot deep. 1877 in N. W. Line. Gloss. [ = 400 cubic feet]. V. attrib. and Comb. 14 . Simple attrib., as Jloor area , - joist , level, -tile. 1887 Pall Mall G. 9 Nov. 13/2 The .. *floor area of the large hall having been fully occupied. 1859 Geo. Eliot A. Bede 183 A difficulty about a *floor-joist or a window- frame. 1874 Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 127 The steps and *floor levels. 1894 Antiquary Aug. 41 The ’‘floor- tiles of these hearths, .have been burnt white. 15 . Special comb., as floor-arch (see quot.) ; floor-bank (see quot. 1750) ; floor-board, a board used for flooring, also attrib. ; so floor-boarding ; floor-frame, {a) the framework of the floor in a vessel; {b) U.S. the main frame of the body of a railway-carriage underneath the floor; floor- guide, floor-hanger (see quots.); floor-head, (a) the upper end of one of the floor-timbers in a vessel; (b) (see quot. 1867); floor-hollow (see quot.) ; floor-lamp, one that stands on the floor ; floor-layer, U.S. a workman who lays down floors ; floor-laying, the operation of laying down floors ; floor-light (see quot.) ; floor-pipe, a hot-air pipe laid along the floor of a conservatory; floor-plan, ( a ) Shipbuilding (see quot. 1867) ; {b) Arch, (see quot. 1874); floor-plate, {a) Shipbuild¬ ing {see quot. 1883) ; ( b ) Mech. Engin. ^foot-plate ; floor-riband (see quots.); floor-rider (see quot.); floor-sweep (see quot.); floor-timber(s (see quot. 1867); floor-walker, US. = Shop-walker ; floorward a., directed towards the floor; floor- ward^ adv., towards the floor. 1884 Knight Did. Mech. IV. 349/r * Floor Arch, an arch with a flat extrados. 1750 Ellis Mod. Husbandm. I. i. 93 What we call a * Flower-bank ; that is, some earth that lies next the hedge, thrown over the roots with a spade, .so that with the first Original or first raised Flower-bank, the whole Rise of Earth is not above a foot. 1805 Priest in Young's Ann. Agric. XLIII. 586 The ditches will be filled up, so as to form what are called floor-banks. 1881 Young Every Man his own Mechanic § 146 * Floor boards are, or ought to be, an inch in thickness. 1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 83/2 Parts of a Solid Floor of fire-proof construction, with a floor-board surface. 1807 Hutton Course Math. II. 84 In *Floor-boarding, take the length of the room for one dimension, and the breadth for the other, [etc.]. 1775 Falck Day's Diving Vessel 4 A * Floor frame of six beams athwart ship. 1855 Ogilvie Suppl., * Floor-guide in ship-building, a narrow flexible piece of timber placed be¬ tween the floor-riband and the keel. 1884 Knight Did. Mech. IV. 349/1 * Floor Hanger, a shaft bearing fastened to the floor. 1769 Falconer Did. Marine (1789), Rung-heads . .the upper ends of the floor-timbers, which are. .more pro¬ perly called *floor-heads. 1856 R. H. Dana Seamen's Friend 5 When the ballast is iron, it is stowed up to the floor- heads. 1867 Smyth Sailor’s Word-bk., Floor-head, the third diagonal, terminating the length of the floors near the bilge of the ship, c 1850 R udim. Navig. (Weale) 118 * Floor hollow, the inflected curve that terminates the floor next the keel, and to which the floor-hollow mould is made. 1892 Daily News 21 Nov. 2/6 The home demand for telescope *floor lamps is still growing. 1863 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 10 May 4/6 The newly formed union of ’‘floor-layers. 1884 Health Exhib. C atal.%3/1 Improved method of * Floor-laying with¬ out nails. 1884 Knight Did. Mech. IV. 349/1 * Floor-light, a frame with glass panes in a floor. 1696 Evelyn Kal. Iiort. (ed. 8) 162 The fresh Air .. circulating thorow the Orifice of the *Floor-pipe. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., * Floor-plans, longitudinal sections, whereon are repre¬ sented the water-lines and ribband-lines. 1874 Knight Did. Mech’. I. 889/1 Floor-plan .. (Architecture) a horizontal section, showing the thickness of the walls and partitions, the arrangement of the passages, apartments, and openings at the level of the principal, or receiving floor of the house. 1869 Sir E. J. Reed Shipbuild. xix. 407 The ^floor-plates are now required to extend to a perpendicular height up the bilges of twice the depth of the floors amidships. 1883 W. C. Russell Sailor’s Lang., Floorpla/cs, formerly plates in the bottom of an iron ship corresponding with the floor-timbers in wooden ones. 1888 Lockzuood’s Did. Mech. Engin., Floor plates, foot plates, c 1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 118 *Floor riband, the riband next below the floor-heads which supports the floors. 1867 Smyth Sailor s Word-bk., * Floor-riders, knees brought in from side to side over the floor ceiling and kelson, to sup¬ port the bottom, if bilged or weak, for heavy cargo, c 1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 119 * Floor-sweeps, the radii that sweep the heads of the floors. 1627 Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. ii. 2 They lay the Rungs, called ^floore timbers., thwart the keele. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Floors ox Floor-Timbers, those parts of the ship’s timbers which are placed immediately across the keel. 1884 Milnor (Dakota) Teller 30 July, These Boston merchants stationed their '‘floor-walkers at the place appointed by the Philadel¬ phia agent. 1887 Pall Mall G. 12 Mar. 12/1 A constantly repeated *floor-\vard glance of bashfulness and modesty. 1863 Reader 31 Oct. 502 He is bundled down *floorwards. Floor, sbA colloq. [f. Floor v.] Something that ‘ Hours ’ or discomfits one; also, a fatal blunder (in a calculation, etc.). 1841 R.W. Church Let. 21 Mar. in Life >S- Lett. (1894) 23 The Heads show that they feel it rather a floor for the pre¬ sent. 1846 Ibid. 64 We may be caught out in some * floor \ Floor (floej), v. [f. Floor j^. 1 ] 1 . trans. To cover or furnish with a floor or floors, in various senses of the word ; to pave. Also with over. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 334 Eke pave or floore it wele in somer tyde. c 1520 Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 201 Flowr- FLOORAGE. FLORA. yng the lofte per v dies. 1581 Mulcaster Positions xxxi. (1887) 114 (He) must have his ground flowred so..as in wrastling not hard to fall on. 1660 Pepys “Diary 4 Sept., Looking over the joiners, flooring my dining-room. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. Ind. . Beacons- field in Corr. w. Sister (1886) 50, I was the only man who could floor O’Connell. 1882 Daily Tel. 16 Nov. 3/5 The odds were, nevertheless, floored from an unexpected quarter. 1893 Farmer Slangy Floor (Racing), When a low-priced horse pulls off the event in the face of the betting, it is said to floor the odds. c. To do thoroughly, get through (a piece of work) successfully. To floor a paper ( Univ. slang) : to answer every question in it. 1852 Bristed 5 Years in Eng. Univ. I. 186 Our best classic had not time to floor the paper. 1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Ox/, x. 83 I’ve nearly floored my little-go work. d. To empty, finish (a bottle, etc.). 1836-48 B. D. Walsh Aristoph. Acharnians v. ii, I was the first man that floored his gallon. 1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Ox/, xxiv. (1889) 228, I have a few bottles of old wine left; we may as well floor them. e. intr. ? To commit a fatal blunder. *835 J. II. Newman Lett. (1891) II. 97 We floored so miserably at the Reformation, that [etc.]. + 4 . trans. ‘To bring forward in argument, to table’ (Jam.). Obs.~ 1 <11687 M’Ward Contendings (1723) 177, I know not .. whom your Proposal .. strikes against; save that you floor it, to fall on some, whom you mind to hit right or wrong. 5 . To place upon (something) as a floor. 1871 Tylor Prim. Cult. II. xiii. 68 The doctrine of a Heaven, floored upon a firmament, or placed in the upper air. 6 . Art slang. To hang in the lowest row on the walls of a picture-gallery. 1884 A mencan VIII. 376 One R.A. is ‘skied’ and another ‘ floored ’. Floorage (floored;;). rare —\ ff. us prec. + -age.] Floors collectively, amount of flooring. 1734 tr. Rollin' s Anc. Ilist. (18271II. ill. 147 All this'floor- age was contrived to keep the moisture of the mould from running away. Floor-cloth, floo'rcloth. 1 . A fabric for covering floors; chiefly applied to substitutes for carpeting, as oilcloth, linoleum, etc. 1746 Watson in Phil. Trans. XLIV. 716 A thick Carpet, instead of a I' loor-cloth, is liable to prevent the Success of this Experiment, a 1818 Miss Rose in G. Rose Diaries (i860) II. 75 1 he (loor-cloth in the entrance-hall was taken up. 1836 Dickens Sk. Boz , Our Parish v ii, It was a neat, dull little house .. with new, narrow floorcloth in the passage. 2 . A housemaid’s cloth for washing floors. 1851 [See File si.' 1 ]. (In common use in England.) lienee Floo’r-eloth, floo’rcloth v., to cover with floorcloth. Also, FlooT-clothed ppl. a. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick, xvi, He found himself in a little floor-clothed room. 1844 — Mart. Chuz. ix, It was floor- clothed all over. Floored fflooid),///. a. [f. Floor v. + -ed.] 1 . Provided with a floor. 1552 Huloet, Floored or dressed with bourdes, contain, latns. 1609 Holland Amm. Marcell. 79 They passed over the river upon a floored bridge of ships. 1809 Southey in Q. Rev. II. 56 Till the natives live in floored houses. 342 2 . Brought to the ground, overthrown; also fig. overpowered, done for. 1821 Byron 12 Dec. in Mooi'e Li/c <$• Lett. (1833) III. 301 The usual excuse of floored equestrians. 1857 Dickens Lett. 7 Feb. (1S80) 11 . 11 Wardour was in a floored condition. Floorer (fio°*ro.i). [f. as prec. + -ER 1 .] One who or that which floors. 1 . One who or that which brings down to the floor or ground ; esp. a knock-down blow. 1795 Potter Diet. Cant (ed. 2), Floorers , fellows who throw persons down, after which their companions .. rob them in the act of lifting them up. 1819 Moore Tom Crib’s Mem. (ed. 3) 59 Singling him from all her flash adorers, Shines in his hits, and thunders in his floorers. 1836-48 B. D. Walsh Aristoph., Acharnians 11. ii. 33 Strike, O strike the precious rascal! He shall have a floorer dealt him ! 2 . Something which floors in a figurative sense (see Floor v. 3), e.g. unexpected news of an un¬ pleasant nature, a decisive argument or retort, a ques¬ tion which utterly embarrasses one, a poser. Also in university slang, a question or paper too hard to be mastered. 1837 T. Hook facie Brag xxii, ‘Well’, said Jack, ‘that’s a floorer, and no mistake’. 1867 J. Hatton Tallants o/B. Iviii, This case is a floorer to me. 1870 Brewer Diet. Phrase <5* Fable , Floorer, In the University we say, ‘That paper or question was a floorer’. 1875 Miss Braddon Hostages to Fort . xiv. 227, I didn’t know the news would be such a floorer. Flooring (floo-riij), vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ing L] The action of the vb. Floor. 1 . The action of flooring or laying down a floor. 1632 Sherwood, A flooring with plankes or boords, planch- age. 1703 Moxon Aleck. Exerc. 149 Of Flooring of Rooms. 1866 Law Reports Com. Pleas 163 The plaintiff is .. the patentee of certain buckle plates used for bridge flooring. 2 . concr . The floor of a room, etc. ; also, the materials of which it is made. 1624 Wotton Archit. in Reliq. Wot ton, (1672) 63 Mosaique is., of most use in pavements and floorings. 1697 Dryden Vi?g. Gco?g. iv. 237 To pitch the waxen Flooring some con¬ trive. 1754 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to C'tess. Bute 23 June, The ceiling and flooring are in good repair. 1861 Hughes Tom Brozvn at Ox/, iv, The Captain, Miller, and Blake who had many notions as to the flooring, lines, and keel of a racing boat. 1875 W. S. Hayward Love agst. World i, The polished oak flooring, b. A natural lloor; a stratum. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 1. 262 To smooth the Surface of th’ unequal Ground; Lest crack’d with Summer Heats the flooring flies. 1804 C. B. Brown tr. Volney's Flew U. S. 47 The flooring of the Miami and Clay Rivers. 1857 Living¬ stone Trav. xxii. 428 Sandstone rock .. forms the flooring of the country. 3 . Malting. The operation of spreading the grain on the malt-floor, and treating it there in the re¬ quired manner. 1839 Uke Diet. Arts.gs Flatting, .the couching, sweating, and flooring. 1885 H. Stobes Malt xix. 344 Flooring, this is also called spireing. 4 . The action of knocking down or throwing to the ground. 1819 Moore Tom Crib's Mem. Pref. (ed. 3) p. xii, Cross- buttocking .. being as indispensable an ingredient, as nobbing, flooring, &c. 5 . attrib. and Comb., as flooring-beam , -board, -stone, -timber : flooring-clamp (see quot.). 1847-8 H. Miller First Impr. v. (1857) 81 ^Flooring beams connect the walls of a skeleton building. 1881 Young Every DIan his own AIcchanic § 173 ^Flooring boards ios. per square. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 889/1 * Flooring-clamp, an implement for closing up the joints of flooring-boards. 1671 J. Webster Fletallogr. vii. 117 Quarries of Stone .. where they get ^flooring-stones for paving of houses. Floorish, obs. form of Flourish. Floorless (fldoules), a. [f. Floor sb. + -less.] Having no floor, without a floor. 1847 in Craig. 1857 Fraser's Mag. LVI. 464 A roofless, floorless house. tFloorth. Obs. In 5-6 florthe. [7. Floor sb. -f -th.] = Floor sb. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 6184 J?ys persone lay and lokede fur}? Vn tyl a cofre yn fie florthe. 1494 Facyan Citron, v. xeix. 73 Y° sayd Goothis, by crafty & false meanes, caused y® florthe of the sayd Chambre to falle. 1502 Will 0/Amyas (Somerset Ho.), A salt cote. .w fc a sake florth. 1530 Palsgr. 609/2 This florthe is well leavelled. Floorwise (flo'j-jwaiz), adv. rare—'. [f. Floor sb. + -WISE.] As on a floor. 1840 Mrs. Browning Drama 0/ Exile Wks. 1889 I. 29 While our feet struck glories. .Which we stood on floorwise, Platformed in mid-air. Flop (flpp), sb. colloq. and dial. [See the vb., and cf. Flap sb.] 1 . The action of the vb. Flop; the heavy dull sound produced by * flopping’. 1823 Moor Suffolk Words s.v., ‘ I’ll gi yeow a flop.’ 1854 L. Lloyd Scandinavian Adv. II. 27t, I was startled by something descending, with a great flop, on to my hat. 1882 Pall Flail G. 11 Oct. 5 The flop of a water-rat or the whirr of the grey-hen. b. A noise resembling this. 1836 T. Hook G. Gurney III. 33 Stuffing his finger into his mouth and pulling it out suddenly, with what he. .called a flop. + 2. =Flap sb. i b. Obs. 1662 Rump Songs 11. 3 To give us a Flop with a Fox-tail. 3 . dial. A mass of thin mud. Also iransf. 1844 W. Barnes Poems Rural Life Gloss. 304. 1852 C. Fox Jrnl. 23 Aug. (1882) 276 The oven where the fiery flop [molten metal] was shut up for six weeks to cool. 4 . U.S. college slang, (see quot.) 1851 B. H. Hall College IFords, s.v., Any ‘cute* perform¬ ance by which a man is sold [deceived] is a good flop. 5 . attrib. and Comb., in various words in which flop is a variant of flap ; as flop-ear, -eared, -mouth. Also flop-damper, flop-wing (see quots.). 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 889/1 * Flop-damper, a stove I or furnace damper which rests by its weight in open or shut j position. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Fduc. IV. 351/1 The old [ English hog with *‘flop* ears. 1880 Miss Braddon fust as I am Hi, A brace of flop-eared setters bounding before him. 1604 Fleeting 0/ Gallants 15, I love to lieare tales when a merrie corpulent Host bandies them out of his *Flop- mouth. 1885 Swainson Prov. Names Birds 184 Lapwing {Fane tins vulgaris). .* Flop wing. Flop (ftyp), a dv. and int. colloq. [The vb. stem so used.] With a flop, with a flopping noise. 1728 Vanbr. & Cib. Prov. Hnsb. 1. i. 14 Dawn came I flop o’ my Feace all along in the Channel. 1863 Kingsley Water Bab. iii, The beetles fell flop into the water. 1883 E. Pennell-Elmhirst Cream Lciccstersh. 177 Reynard dashed out flop against the only hound on that side of the tree. a 1887 Jefferies Field Sp Hedgerow 177 ‘ Dalled if he didn’t fall into the pond, flop ! ’ Flop (ftyp), v ‘ colloq. and dial, [onomatopoeic var. of Flap v., the change of vowel indicating a duller or heavier sound.] 1 . intr. To swing or sway about heavily and loosely; =Flapzl 5. 1602 Marston Ant. <5- Mel. v. Wks. 1856 I. 60 A husband . .with a bush of furs on the ridge of his chinne, readie still to flop into bis foming chaps. 1838 Holloway Provincial¬ isms, s.v., ‘The sail flops against the mast.’ 1883 K. W. Hamilton in Harpers Flag. 845/1 One side [of a wet umbrella] flopped dejectedly. 2 . To move clumsily or heavily; to move with a sudden bump or thud. Of a bird: To llap the wings heavily. Also with away, down, over, etc. 1692 [See Flopping]. 1827 Clare Sheph. Cal. 4 They flop on heavy wings away. 1850 P. Crook War 0/Hats 43 Then Hupping on his seat, .he sinks. 1859 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. III. 13 He flopped over on his side, quite stiff and unconscious. 1870 H. Smart Race for Wife x, She flopped down on her knees, and implored for mercy. 1879 Boddam-Whe i ham Roraima 105 Tortoises Hopped into the water. 1887 Besant The Wotfd went i. 7 Blue water over your head, and the whales flopping around your grave. 1887 Lady Brassey in LastFoy. ix.222 A. .grey sea flopping up on our weather bow. b. fig. To flop over : to make a sudden change in one’s attitude or behaviour. 1892 Nation (N. Y.) 6 Oct. 268/3 His [Sardou’s] characters .. flop over and act in a way quite the reverse of what we had a right to expect. 3 . Irans. To throw suddenly, generally with the additional notion of making a bump or thud. Also with down, in, etc. 1823 Moor Suffolk Words s. v., ‘ A floppt his affections ’ on such a one. 1836 Markyat Midsh. Easy xxxviii, She .. Hopped herself into the standing bed-place. <11845 Hood Agric. Distress iii, In bolts our bacon-hog Atwixt the legs of Master Blogg, And flops him down in all the muck. 1854 Baker Northampton Gloss, s. v., ‘ How you flop it in.’ 1859 Dickens T. Two Cities 11. i, ‘ What do you mean by flopping yourself down and praying agin me V ’ 4 . To move (wings, etc.) heavily and loosely up and down. 1859 Tennent Ceylon II. vii. 254 Cawing and flopping his wings in the sky. 1891 Camb. Rev. 12 Mar. 264/2 One or two of them at least sat. .feebly flopping their hands about. 5 . To strike with a sudden blow. Toflop up (the eyes) : to bung up; —Flap v. i. dial. 1838 Bywater Sheffield (ed. 3) 227 If thah gets drunk, an flops a watchman’s een up. 1888 Sporting Life 15 Dec. 5/5 ’E carnt flop a bloke. 6. U.S. College slang (see quot.). 1851 B. H. Hall College Words, s.v., * A man writes cards during examination to feeze the profs .. and he flops the examination if he gets a good mark by the means.’ One usually flops his marks by feigning sickness. Hence Flopping ppl. a. 1679 Trial of Langhorn 53 He had a gray Coat on, aHd plain Shooes, and a flopping Hat. 1692 R. L’Estrange Fables ccccix. 384 A Huge Flopping Kyte. 1821 Clare Fill. Minstr. I. 24 Jealous watch-dog .. E’en rous’d by quawking of the flopping crows. Floppy (flppi), a. colloq. [f. Flop v. +-yT] Inclined to flop, having a tendency to flop about. 1858 Geo. Eliot Scenes Clerical Life, Amos Barton ii, In those days even fashionable caps were large and floppy. 1890 Pall Mall G. 2 Sept. 7/1 A divided skirt .. is the clumsiest, floppiest, .article that a woman can put on. Hence Flo’ppily adv .; Flo*ppiness. 1884 St. fames's Gaz. 11 Sept. 6/2 A11 aimless feeble old humbug, he sits'floppily on the wrong side of his boat. 1892 Daily News 2 July 6/7 There is now a regrettable tendency to 4 floppiness’ of attire. Flora (flo^ra). PI. florffl ; also floras, [a. L. Flora the goddess of flowers, f. flor-,flos flower.] 1 . In Latin mythology, the goddess of flowers; hence, in modern poetical language, the personifi¬ cation of nature’s power in producing flowers. 1508 Dunbar Goldyn Targe 74 Thare saw I .. The fresch Aurora, and lady Flora schene. 1667 Milton P. L. v. 16 With voice Milde, as when Zephyrus or Flora breathes. 1762 Falconer Shipwr. in. 235 Indulgent Flora breathed FLORAL. 343 FLOREY. perpetual May. 1812 Crabbe Talcs x. 116 Here a grave Flora scarcely deigns to bloom. 1851 Carpenter Man. Tltys. 65 The empire of Flora has no limit. 2 . A descriptive catalogue of the plants of any geographical area, geological period, etc. [From the use of the name Flora in Latin titles of works of this kind. The earliest known example is Simon Paulli's Flora Danica 1647; other early instances are Rupp’s Flora Jenensis 1718, and Linnteus* Flora Succica 1745.] [1665 Ray (title), Flora, seu de Florum Cultura. Or, a complete Florilege.] 1777 Ligiitfoot Flora Scotica Pref. 17 It comprehends by far the greatest part, which is as much as the Flora of any country can pretend to. 1799 J. Hui.i, (title). The British Flora. 18290. Johnston {title), A Flora of Berwick-upon-Tweed. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora Pref. v, I have consulted the usual British and Continental Floras. 3 . The plants or plant life of any particular region or epoch. Cf. Fauna i. 1778 G. White. Let. in Selborne (1877) I. 217 Chalks, clays, sands, .woodlands, and champaign fields, cannot but furnish an ample Flora. 1830 Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 92 The flora of a country is peculiarly influenced by temperature. 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. xii. (1873) 329 The floras of distant continents would not by such means become mingled. Floral (fl6o*ral), a . [ad. L .floral-is of or per¬ taining to Flora : see Flora and -al. In sense 3 it may be regarded as a new formation on L .flor-, flos flower. Cf. Y. floral in all the senses.] 1 . Hist. Pertaining to or in honour of the goddess Flora. Floral shows = L. Flor alia. 1647 Stapylton Juvenal 270 The Florall showes were celebrated in the end of April!, in honour of the Goddesse of Flowers and gardens. 1718 Prior Henry Emma 769 Let One great Day, To.. Floral Play Be set aside. 1727-41 Chambers Cycl., Florales Ludi, Floral Games. 2 . Pertaining to a flora or floras. Floral zone : one of the tracts into which the earth’s surface may be divided with regard to the character of the vegetable life. 1870 Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm, too The floral zones are less irregular than the faunal. 3 . Of or pertaining to a flower or flowers. Floral diagram : a diagram exhibiting the relative position of the parts in the cross-section of a flower. Floral envelope (see Envelope sb. 3). Floral leaf (see quot. 1753). 1753 Chambers Cycl. Supp. s. v. Leaf, Floral Leaf ex¬ presses one found near the flower, and which never appears but with the flower. 1793 Martyn Lang. Bot., Floral bud, containing the flowers. 1829 Loudon Encycl. Plants, Gloss. 1099 Floral envelopes. 1845 Florist's Jrnl. 230 Floral Intelligence. 1861 Bentley Bot. (1870) 133 Floral leaves or bracts. 1876 Hooker Bot. Primer 62 The outermost of the floral whorls, the calyx. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 95/2 Another floral expedition. 1882 Vines Sachs' Bot. 601 The Floral Diagram is constructed differently accord¬ ing to the purpose it is intended to serve. Hence Plo'rally adv., in quot., like a flower. 1820 Examiner No. 631. 317/1 Profound in its depth of chiaroscuro, and florally blooming in its colour. Floralize (floo*rabiz), V. [f. Floral + -ize.] trans. To make floral; to adorn with flowers. 1890 The Voice (N.Y.) 10 Apr., How appropriate that all our cem eteries should be floralized and tree-shaded. t Florameda. Obs. rare. ‘ Probably a flowered or figured stuff’ (Beck). 1640 Charter in YniicV. London II. 178 Stuffs.. Floramedas. I Flo 'ramour. Obs. Forms: 6-7 flo(u)ra- mor(e, flor(e) amour, flower amo(u)r, ?florimer. [a. OF. *fi'or amour (in Cotgr . fieur d’amour) lit. ‘ flower of love Cf. Ger .floramor (16th c.). The suggestion that amour is a perversion of amaranthus seems not impossible, but is not supported by evidence.] A name given to various cultivated species of Amaranthus. •548 Turner Names of Herbes (1881) n The other kynde [of Amarantus] is called here in Englande..flouramore. >597 Gerarde Herbal n. xl. 255 In English flower Gentle, purple Veluet flower, Floramor. 1611 Cotgr., Eleur d'amour, flower-gentle, flower-amour. 1665-76 Ray Flora 178 The great Floramour hath a thick and tall crested stalk, with many reddish large green leaves. 1 i Misused for : Love of flowers. 1873 L. Wallace Fair God i. iv. 18 Ministering to the voluptuous floramour of the locality. Floran (floo-ran). Min. Also Floran Tin. (See quot. 1778.) 1778 Pkyce Min. Comnb. 321 Floran is an exceeding small grained Tin, scarce perceivable in the stone though perhaps very rich. Also any Tin which is stamped ex¬ ceeding fine, and undersize, is called Floran Tin—quasi Flower Tin. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., Florantin , tin ore scarcely visible in the stone, or stamped very small. Floraseope : see Floriscope. Florche, obs. form of Flourish. Flore, obs. form of Floor. Floreal (flo®-nal), a. [f. L. fiore-us, f. /lor-, fids flower + - al.] +a. = Floral i {obs.). b. = Floral 2. 1602 Segar Hon. Mil. Civ. tv. iii. 213 In the Playes Floreall, and in the Pastoral Comedies. 1832 Fraser's Mag. XLV. 501 Ancient and universal has been the floreal homage paid to the floreal queen. II Floreal (flo» - rzal), sb. [Fr. Florfal, f. as prec.] The name adopted for the eighth month of the year in the calendar of the French Republic intro¬ duced in 1793 ; it extended from April 20 to May 19. 1827 Scott Napoleon iv. Wks. 1870 X. 62, 17th Floreal, (8th of May). 1838 Nicolas Chron. Hist. 182 Floreal (Flowery Month). Floredelise, obs. form of Fluur-de-lys. Floree: see Florey. Florence 1 (flp'rens). [The name of the chief city of Tuscany (F. Florence, L. Florentia, early It. Fiorenze, now Firenze) ; used as the name of various things produced or originating there.] ■|- 1 . A gold florin. [In OF .jflorcneei] Obs. a 1400 Octouian 1910 Four outlawes .. chepede me that chyld to sale For syxty florencys. ?a 1475 Vf/r. lowe Deg re 243 Ancl offre there florenccs thre, In tokenyng of the trynyte. 1563 Foxe A. <$• II. (1570) 976/1 What money goeth out of Germany yearely to the Pope, mountyng to the sumine of 3,000,000 Florences. 1598 Stow Surv. vii. (1603) 52 Edward III. .commaunded Florences of gold to be made and coyned. 2 . The name given to certain woven fabrics : + a. of wool. Obs . exc. Hist. 1483 Act 1 Rich. Ill, c. 8. § 18 The making of any Clothes called Florences with Cremyll listes. 1583 Rates Customho. C j b, Florence wullen cloth the yarde. 1658 Phillips, Florenccs , a kind of cloth brought over from Florence. 1721-1800 in Bailey. 1846 in Fairholt Cos¬ tume Gloss. b. of silk (see quot.). [So in Fr.] 1882 Caulfeild & Saward Diet. Needlework, Florence. This dress stuff is also known as Florentine, .a description of Corded Barege or Grenadine .. There is also a thin de¬ scription of Taffeta, .which had its origin at Florence, and thence derived its name. t 3 . A kind of wine brought from Florence. Obs. 1707 Lond. Gaz. No. 4343/7 A Parcel of extraordinary good Red Florence, at 6 s. a Gallon. 1757 H. Walpole Lett, to Mann 20 Nov., The chest of Florence..proves to be Lord Hertford’s drams. 4 . Comb. Florence-flask, a flask of the kind used to contain Florence-oil (see Flask sb 3); Florence iris, ? —Florentine iris; Florence- leaf, a fine yellow leaf-alloy; Florence-oil, a superior kind of olive oil. 1664 Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 202 Florence Iris. 1762 Franklin Wks. (1806) I. 345 Your experiment of the Florence flask, and boiling water is very curious. 1858 Simmonds Diet. _ Trade, Florcnce-leaf Ibid., Florence- oil, olive oil sold in flasks. trio •rence 2 . slang. Obs. [? from the female Christian name.] (See quot.) a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Florence, a Wench that is touz’d and ruffled. 1785 in Grose Diet. Vulg. Tongue. + Flo*rent, a. Obs. [ad. L .Jldrent-em, pr. pple. of flor ere to Flourish.] a. Flourishing, b. Blooming, flowery. 1542 Udall Erasm. Apoph . 68b Sinopa..was a florent citee, and of greate power. 1719 D’Urfey Pills (1872) I. 340 Whose florent Spring now bears delightful bloom. 172X — Two Queens of Brentford 11. in New Opera's 28 Scandal has our florent Glory spoil’d. Florentine (fty-rentain), a. and sb. Also (in sense B. 3) 7 florenden, 8 -ine. [ad. L. Flo- rentTn-us of or pertaining to Florentia Florence.] A. adj. Of or pertaining to Florence, the chief city of Tuscany. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) 292 Francis the Floren¬ tine Cardinall. 1756-7 tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) II. 305 Antonio del Pollajuolo, a Florentine painter, who died in 14^8. 1872 Nicol in Encycl. Brit. VII. 166 The third [diamond] in weight is the Florentine or Grand Duke. b. esp. in f Florentine flower-de-luco = Florentine iris; Florentine fresco (see quot.); Florentine iris, the white or pale-blue iris (/. Florentinei); Florentine lake (see quot. 1854); Florentine marble (see quot.); Florentine mosaic, a kind of mosaic made by inlaying precious stones in marble or the like; Florentine pie = B. 3. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 1. xxxv. 48 The white Flower-de- luce is like vnto the ^Florentine Flower de-luce. 1854 Fairholt Diet. Terms Art, * Florentine Fresco, Like common fresco, the lime is used wet, but in this mode it can he moistened and kept damp, and fit for painting on. 1882 Garden 20 May 353/1 A large table bouquet, .of tall white Florentine Iris. 1822 Imison Yc. <$• Art II. 411 ^Florentine lake. 1854 Fairholt Diet. Terms Art, Florentine Lakc\ a pigment prepared from cochineal. It is now obsolete. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey) ^Florentine or Landskip-Marble, a kind of Marble in which the Figures of Mountains, Rivers, Towers..and even whole Cities are naturally represented. 1854 Fairholt Diet. Terms A rt, * Florentine Mosaic. 1823 Galt Entail III. 65 ‘A jigot o’ mutton, a fine young poney cock, and a *florentine pye.’ B. sb. 1 . A native or inhabitant of Florence. Also a Florentine ship. 1591 Raleigh Last Fight Rev. (Arb.) 16 Their Nauy.. strengthened with Florentines and huge Hulkes of other countries. 1599 Thynne Animadv. (1875)45 The woorke- menne, beinge florentynes. x6ox Shaks. Alt’s Well 1. ii. 1 The Florentines and Senoys are by th’eares. 1849 Macau¬ lay Hist. Eng. I. 353 London was, to the Londoner, .what Florence was to the Florentine of the fifteenth century. 2 . A textile fabric of silk or f wool, used for wearing apparel. Cf. Florence 2. 1545 Rates Customho. D iij b, Florentynes {printed -tyse] for a clothe. 1819 Rkes Cycl., Florentine ..a species of satin or tweeled silk. 1882 Caulfeild & Saward Diet.Needle¬ work, Florentine .. is a twilled silk, thicker than Florence, which latter is, however, sometimes called by the same name. 3 . Cookery. A kind of pie or tart; esp. meat baked in a dish with a cover of paste. i 5.67-79 Hake Ncwcs Powlcs CJiurchyardc iv. (1872) I) iij, With Custardes, Tarts, and Florentines, thebanequet to amende, a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Florentine, a made Dish of Minced Meats, Currans, Spice, Eggs, &c., Bak’d. 1750 E. Smith Compleat Housewife (ed. 14) 41 A Florendine of a kidney of Veal. 1870 Ramsay Rcmin. v. (ed. 18) 126 A florentine (an excellent old Scottish dish composed of veal). 4 . The Florentine dialect of Italian. 1855 Milman Lat. Chr. (1864) IX. xiv. v. 207 That exqui¬ site all-admired Florentine, .has secured its undying fame. Hence Flo’rentine v. trans., to cook or prepaie in the manner of a florentine (B. 3). 1769 Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housckpr. (1778) 137 To floren¬ dine Rabbits. t Flo'rentizing, /a. pple. or///, a. Obs. [f. L. Florentia Florence + -ize.] ? trans. Making like Florence; or intr. Imitating Florence. 1591 Sylvester Du Bartas I. ii. 943 Strife-full Ambition, Florentizing States: Bribes .. swaying Magistrates. II Flores 1 (flocr/z). Obs. [[../lores, pi. of /Ids.] 1 . Old Chem. (See quot. 1706.) 1663 Boyle Usefuln. Nat. Philos. I. ii. 213 The same A nrum fuhninans being calcin’d with .. Flowers of Brim¬ stone, till the Flores be burnt away. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Flores., in Chymistry, the more subtil parts of a substance separated from the grosser by Sublimation. 2 . nonce-use. ‘ Flowers * of speech. a 1734 North Exam. 1. iii. § 94 One may also admire how the Author comes by these Flores of the Canaglia. II Flores - (flares). [Sp.; pi. of flor Flower. Cf. F. indigo fore.] (See quots.) 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, Flores, a commercial classi¬ fication of indigo, the best quality of dye from Nos. 7 to 9. 1885 Balfour Cycl. India (ed. 3)11. 333 South American [indigo]..Its qualities are distinguished as follows:—1st, Flores; 2nd, Sobres; and 3rd, Cortes. Florescence (flore'sens). [ad. mod.L . fiores- centia, f. L. /lorescent-cm : see next and -ence.] The process of producing flowers or bursting into flower; the period or state of flowering. Also concr. Flowers collectively. 1793 Martyn Bang. Bot., Florescent ia, Florescence or the Flowering season. The time when vegetables usually expand their flowers. 1819 H. Busk Banquet 1. 16 The grass. .Fragrant with sweet florescence. 1853 G. John¬ ston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. I. 124 All the Hieracia are erect throughout the process of florescence and semination. Florescent (llore-sent), a. [ad . 'L.flbrcscent-em, pr. pple. of fiorescere to begin to blossom, inceptive of florere : see Flourish.] Bursting into flower, flowering, lit. and fig. iSzi Blackw. Mag. IX. 201 [They] will..remain admired and florescent, when the essays of thy most witty emissary are superseded and forgotten. Floresche, floresshe, obs. forms of Flourish. Floret 1 (fld^'ret). [ad. OF .Jlorcte, F .fleurette, dim. of Jleur flower.] 1 . Bot. One of the little flowers that go to make up a composite flower or the spikelet in grasses. florets of the disk, of the ray (see quot. 1866). 1671 Grew An at. Plants 1. v. § 18 (1682) 38 The outer Part of every Suit, is its Floret, .a Floret is the Epitome of a Flower. 1785 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. vi. 69 The choke..is an assemblage of florets which are beginning to be formed. 1807 J. E. Smith Phys. Bot. 456 Florets of the disk furnished with stamens only. 1866 Treas. Bot., The florets of the disk are those which occupy the centre of the head of a composite; while florets of the ray occupy the circumference. 1877 F. E. Hulme Wild FI. p. viii, Dandelion.—All the florets ligulate. 2 . A small flower, a floweret. X791 E. Darwin Bot. Gard., Loves of Plants 11, He. .Crops the young floret and the bladed herb. 1865 Ruskin Sesame (ed. 2) 192 These feeble florets are lying with all their fresh leaves torn, and their stems broken. fig. 1786 Miss A. Seward Lett. (1811) I. 150, I may one day present you with my poetic florets. 1822 Blackw. Mag. XI. 424 Variegated by the florets of a superficial but ornate adulation. t Flcrret 2 . Obs. [ad. OYr.florele ( Yx.flcurct) floss-silk. Cf. Ferret sb.-~\ = Ferret sbf Only attrib. as floret-silk = floss-silk. 1583 Rates Customho. E iv, Silk called Floret silk the pound contayning xvi. vnees. 1611 Cotgr. Flcuret, course silke ; floret silke. 1640 Scavagc Table in Entick London (1766) II. 169 Ferret or Floret silk. Hence + Floreting-. 1775 Romans Hist. P'lorida 144 This mixture is carded and called flo?'ettitig. Floret, obs. var. of Fleuret2, fencing-foil. Floreted (floo-reted), ppl. a. [f. Floret 1 + -ed -.] Having florets, covered or ornamented with little flowers. 1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. IV. v. xix. § 31 In bulging balconies, and floreted gratings of huge windows. 1 * Flo retry. Obs. rare. In 7 floritry, flowretry. [? f. Floret, Floweret -f -by.] Flowery ornament. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. iii. 161 The walls and arches., garnished with floritry. 1650 Fuller Pisgah 1. 367 The Cedar was. .curiously carved with imagery of flowers. .Nor was all this flowretry. .lost labour. Florett6e, -etty, vars. of Fleurettde. t Flo rey, floree. Obs. Forms: 6 floray, florrey, flurry, 6-7 florio, -y, 6-8 florey, 8 floree. [a. F. floree, var. of fleurje in same sense, FLORIAGE. 344 FLORIN. f. fleur /lower.] A blue pigment consisting of the scum collected from the vat in dyeing with woad or indigo. > 5 2 7 MS.Acc. R. Gibson, Master of Rcvch (Public Record Office), JZoght..iiij //of dry flory, the // iij s. 1573 Art of Rimming 4 Smalte or fiorrey being tempered in a shell with gumme water maketh a blewe. 1640 Parkinson Thcat. Rot. v. Ixiii. 602 Florey .. is the scumme of the dyfat, while the cloth is upon the dying a blew colour with lndico or Woade. 1721-1800 Bailey, /'/ovr, Florey. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, Florce, powder blue or indigo. at/rib. 1606 Peacham Art Drawing 58 Take Florey Blew and grind it with a little fine Reset. I Floriage. Obs. [badly f. \.. jlbr-, Jibs flower, after foliage. Cf. l'r.Jteuragc.] 1 . Bloom, blossom. 1782 J. Scott Odes xx. 26 And where the trees unfold their bloom, And where the banks their floriage bear. 2 . ‘ The leaves of flowers ’ (Webster Suppl. 18S0). Floriate (flo°Ti|< T t), ppl. a. Ill quot. floreate. [f. \.. jldr{i)-Jlbs + -ate -. See -ate 2 .] =next. 1894 Sotheby A Co.'s Ca/al. ji July 124 The first page.. illuminated in floreate scrolls. Floriated f flo-»-ri irc'tdcl), ppl. a. Also floreated. [t. as prec. + -ED b] Decorated or adorned with floral ornaments. 1845 Ecclcsiologist IV. 17 The floriated Cross. 1857 Wood Com. Obj. Seashore 25 A floriated coronet. fig. 1892 Sat. Rev. 13 Aug. 183/2 The late mission to Fez, and the highly ‘ floriated ’ accounts of it. Floriation (flooriifUjan). [f. as prec. + -ation] a. A floral decoration, b. A musical flourish. 1868 Cussans Her. iv. 60 A Cross Moline with its dona¬ tions more expanded. 1895 Cent. Mag. Aug. 575/2 He continued the tune, with his accustomed donations. Floricide (fldi'risaid). nonce-wd. [f. L .fldr[i)-, fibs flower + -cide 1.] One who destroys flowers. 1841 Hor. Smith Moneyed Man II. viii. 263 I cannot like a floricide. Floricomous (florrkifmos), a. rare. [ad. late L . fldricotn-us crowned with flowers, i. for f)-, flos flower + coma hair (see Coma 2) 4 -ous.] f 1 . (See quot.) Obs .— 0 1727 Bailey vol. II, Floricomous, having the Top full of or adorn’d with Flowers. 2 . Zool. The distinctive epithet of certain sponges, the rays of which end in a bunch of curved branches. Floricultural (flp-, floorikzrltiural), a. [f. next + -ALh] Pertaining to floriculture. 1822 Loudon F.ncycl. Card. § 1626 Floricultural Cata¬ logue. 1845 Florist's Jrnl. 250 Royal South London Floricultural Society. Floriculture (flp , -,flo 8 'rik»ltuu). [f.L ,flor{i)-, flos flower + Culture : after horticulture .] The cultivation of flowers or flowering plants. 1822 Loudon F.ncycl. Gard. § 1559 Floriculture is ob¬ viously of limited interest, .compared to horticulture. 1876 J. Grant One of the ‘600’vi. 49 Displaying, .some ignor¬ ance alike of botany and floriculture. Floriculturist (flprikzvltiurist). [f. prec. + -1 st.] One who devotes himself to or is skilled in floriculture. 1869 Athenaeum 6 Nov. 587 If you are a mere floricul¬ turist. .the subject is exhausted. Florid (florid), a. [ad. (directly or through Fr. floride , Cotgr. in sense 6) L. florid-us (related tc f florere to bloom : see -in), f. flor-,flds flower.] + 1 . Blooming with flowers; abounding in or covered with flowers ; flowery. Obs. 1656 Blount Glossogr., Florida garnished with flowers. 1667 Milton P. L. vn. 90 The ambient Aire wide inter¬ fus’d Imbracing round this florid Earth, t b. Consisting of flowers, floral. 1665 Boyle Occas. Rejl. 111. iv. (1675) 151 Those, who are wont to make Fires..have generally displac’d the florid, and the verdent Ornaments of their Chimneys. 1678 Vaughan Thalia Rediv., Da/>hnis 70 Bring here the florid glories of the Spring, a 1682 Sir T. Browne Tracts (1684) 91 Florid and purely ornamental Garlands .. are of more free election. 2 . fig. Profusely adorned as with flowers ; elabo¬ rately or luxuriantly ornate. Often in somewhat disparaging sense ! Excessively ornate. a. Of composition, speech, etc.: Abounding in ornaments or llowers of rhetoric; full of fine words and phrases; flowery. 1656 Cowley Pindar. Odes Notes Whs. (1710) I. 238 Apollo is. .the God of Poetry, and all kind of Florid Learn¬ ing. 1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) IV. 131 He made a very florid speech. 1712 Addison Sped. No. 321 ? 3 The Expressions are more florid and elaborate. 1782 V. Knox Ess. (1819) II. Ixi. 17 Several of the poems..are florid to excess. 1814 Scott Wav. xiv, He possessed that flow of natural, and somewhat florid eloquence, which, [etc.] 1878 Morley Crit. Mi sc ., Vauvenargucs 6 The florid and declamatory style of youth. b. Of a person or his attributes: Addicted to the use of flowery language or rhetorical ornament. 1671 Gum ble Life of Monch Ep. Ded., This Subject re¬ quired a. .more florid Pen than mine. 1691 Wood A th.Oxon. 1 . 164 He took holy orders, .and became a florid Preacher. i 735 Pope Prol.Sat. 317 In florid impotence he speaks. 1759 Robertson Hist. Scot. (1817) 211 A copious and florid writer. c. Of attire, manners, methods of procedure, etc.: Highly ornate; showy, ostentatious. 1816 J. Scott Vis. Paris (ed. 5) 172 Whole years of.. florid and unnatural patronage. 1855 Thackeray New- comes I. 231 A florid apparel becomes some men, as simple raiment suits others. 1876 C. M. Davies Unorth. Land. 89 The ritual is altogether of a more florid character. 3 . spec . in technical use. a. Music. (Seecjuots. 1879, 1888.) 1708 [see Figurate a. 4.]. 1774 Burney Hist. 71/7^.(1789) I. vi. 80 Our florid-song, .is not always sufficiently sub¬ servient to poetry. 1875 Ouseley Mus. Form ix. 49 Vary the accompaniments by introducing more florid figures. 1 ? 79 .C» rove Diet. Mus., Florid. Music in rapid figures, divisions, or passages, the stem of the simple melody bursting forth, as it were, into leaves and flowers. 1888 Stainer & Barrett Diet. Mus. Terms, Florid counter¬ point , a counterpoint not confined to any special species, but in which notes of various lengths are used. b. Arch. Enriched with decorative details. <71704 Evelyn Architects < 5 * Archil., Misc. Writings (1825)422 How oddly would .. the spruce and florid Corinthian Ibecome] a Tuscan entablature. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sc. \ Art I. 151 The next [style] is often called florid, as if it were richer in ornament. 1838 Murray Iland-hk. 1 V. Germ. hi The exterior, in the most elegant florid Gothic. 1886 W iLi.is & Clark Cambridge 11 .526 A florid style of Jacobean architecture. + 4 . Of blooming appearance; strikingly beau¬ tiful or attractive; brilliant. Of colour: Bright, resplendent. Obs. 1642 H. More Song of Soul n. ii. i. v, Slight proofs cannot well fit In so great cause, nor phansies florid wile. 1664 Bultef.l BirintJiea 133 The bewitching appearance of a florid beauty. 1677 Plot Oxfordsh. 58 It gave the skin so florid a whiteness, that, [etc.] 1725 Butler Scrm. vi. 113 Florid and gaudy Prospects and Expectations. 1770 H. Walpole Vert He’s A need. Paint. (1771) IV. 140 The weeping-willow and every florid shrub .. are new tints in the composition of our gardens. 5 . Of the complexion (or the colour of a part of the body) : Rosy or ruddy, flushed with red. 1650 Jer. Taylor Holy Living ii. § 4. 101 When it [our beauty] is most florid and gay, three fits of an ague can change it into yellowness. 1665 Phil. Trans. I. 11S Of a very florid clear Complexion. 1707 Floyer Physic. Pulse-Watch 60 High florid Colour in the Che.eks. 1781 Girron Decline § Fall III. xlviii. 45 His complexion was fair and florid. 1800 Med. Jrnl. IV. 155 The gums., became florid on the third day. 1865 Trollope Belton Estate iii. 26 A decidedly handsome man with a florid face. + b. Of the blood : Bright red (i. e. arterial). 1650 tr. Bacon's Life Death O4 The lively and floride bloud of the small Arteries. 1731 Arbuthnot Aliments 121 The Qualities of Blood in a healthy State are to he florid when let out of the Vessel. 1797 M. Baillie Morb. Anat. (1807) 40 A florid blood must have been always circulating between the lungs and the left side of the heart. 6. Flourishing, lively, vigorous; in the bloom of health. Now rare. 1656 Artif Handsom. 76 Like snow in summer, falling on green and florid trees. 1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 31 The circulation of the blood and humours become thereby more florid. 1713 Steele Guardian No. 2. P 1 1 .. attri¬ bute the florid old age I now enjoy, to my constant morning walks up Hedington-Hill. 1725 Pope Odyss. iv. 1096 With florid joy her heart dilating glows. 1748 Hume Hum. Und. i. 10 Bodies, .endow’d with vigorous and florid Health. 1858 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. II. vi. ix. 128 Wilhelmina, formerly almost too florid, is gone to a shadow. Florida (flp’rida). The name of a State in the extreme south-east of the United States, used atlrib. to designate things connected with it in origin or manufacture : as Florida-water, a perfume similar to eau-de-Cologne, largely used in the United States ; Florida wood, a hard wood obtained from a species of dogwood, having close grain, and much used for inlaying-work by cabinet-makers {Cent. Diet). 1883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal. (ed. 4) 160 Bahama and Florida sponges are about equal in texture and value. 1884 R. Wheatley in Harder's Mag. June 59/1 Merchandise such as Florida water. Florideous (florrdfes), a . Bot. [f. mod.L. Flo ride-m (f. L. floridus Florid) + -ous.] Belong¬ ing to the Floridcx , an order of Algce, or having the characters of that group. 1884 [See Favella]. Floridity (flprrditi). [f. Florid a. + -ity.] *= Floridness. 1713 Steele Guardian No. 42 p 3 The Merit of his Wit was founded upon, .the tossing up of a Pair of Rosie Jowles .. His Reputation, .rose in proportion to his Floridity. 1759 Darwin in Phil. Trans. LI. 527 That these haemorrhages were from the pulmonary artery. .appears from., the flori¬ dity. 1820 Blac lew. Mag. VII. 312 There is nothing of this flutter and floridity in the poems of Mr. Anster. 1831 Howitt Seasons 152 We soon perceive the floridity of nature merging into a verdant monotony. 1883 Century Mag. XXVI. 917/1 They were, .dressed with a certain floridity. Floridly (flp ridli), adv. [f. Florid a. + -ly 2.] In a florid manner; esp. with respect to speech. 1667 H. Stubbe in Phil. Trans. II. 500 Their Spleen is Triangular, .and floridly red. 1667 H. More Div. Dial. ii. xiv. (1713) 131 You have apologized more floridly and rhetorically for me than [etc.]. 1739 Cibber Apol. (1756) I. 40 By endeavouring to be floridly grateful I talk’d non¬ sense. 1881 Macm. Mag. XLIII. 386/2 A floridly sensa¬ tional religious novel. Floridness (flp’ridnes). [f. Florid a. + -ness.] The quality or condition of being florid ; exuberant freshness or liveliness, brightness of ruddy hue; lavishness of ornamentation. 1661 Feltham Resolves 11. lxx. 337 Some of the Ancient Grecians .. deriving it [dancing] from the Amoenity and Floridness of the warm and spirited bloud. 1664 Evelyn Sylva (1776) 631 Allured it is likely by the .. Florid¬ ness of the leaves. 1769 Wesley Jrnl. 2 July, Her language is. .simple, without, .affected floridness. 1776Priestley in Phil. Trans. LXVI. 231 The floridness of the arterial blood. 1830 Fraser’s Mag. I. 8 Refinement..tames down the floridness .. of the imagination. 1842 Ibid. XXVI. 639 A clustering floridness sometimes conceals a flaw in the pillars. 1889 Bruce Plant. Negro 153 The man of ripe years has all the mental floridness of a hoy. Floriferous (flori-feras), a. [f. L. florifer (f. for{{)-, fits + -fer bearing) + -OUS.] Producing flowers. Hence Floriferousness. 1656-81 Blount Glossogr ., Floriferous. 1678 T. Jordan Triumphs Loud. 11, A Verdant Hill, which the Floriferous hand of Nature had Crown’d with [etc.]. 1727 Bailey, vol. II, Floriferousness. 1796 C. Marshall Garden. xix. (1813) 345 The dwarf sort, .is not so floriferous as the large. 1881 Tract. Gardener 35 China Roses, .none are more floriferous than these. 1882 Garden 25 Feb. 134/3 Its extreme flori- ferousness compared with that of any of the others. Jig. 1879 G. Meredith Egoist I. Prel. 5 This laughter of reason refreshed is floriferous. Florification (flooTifikfi’Jan). [a. Fr .florfl- ccition, f. L.flbr(i,-,flbs flower + -fication.] The ac¬ tion of producing flowers; the process of flowering. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) II. 92 Without, .enquiring what might be the particular use of the florification. 1828 in Webster. Floriform (flo°-rifpjm), a. [f. L. flor{i)-, flos flower + -form.] Having the form of a flower. 1805-17 R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed. 3) 38 Floriform. 1835 Kirby Dab. <$• Inst. Anim. II. xiii. 14 The aperture buing round in some [Crinoideans] and floriform in others. tFlori gerous, a. Obs.—° [f. L. floriger flower-bearing {{.flbr{f)-,flbs flower + get bearing) + -ous.] Bearing flowers. 1727 in Bailey, vol. II. 1775 in Ash. Florikan, floriken (flo»’rikan, -ken). Also 9 fioriean, -ikan, -ikin. [Of unknown origin ; cf. the synonym Flanderkin 2.] ‘A name applied in India to two species of small bustard, the Bengal Fioriean {Sypheotides bengalensis, Gmelin) and the Lesser Fioriean (A. auritus, Latham)’ (Vule). 1780 Munro Narrative (1789) 199 The floriken, a most delicious bird of the buzzard kind. 1863 Speke Discov. Nile 58, I shot a new variety of florikan. t Flo*rilege. Obs. [a. Fr. florillge , or ad. mod.L .florilegium'. see next.] =next. a. 1665 Rea {title) Flora..or a Complete Florilege, fur¬ nished with all Requisites belonging to a Florist. b. 1651 Biggs New Disp. r 290 Which..have not bin sucked and elaborated (like the Bee) so much out of, either the poison of somes dotages and uncertain principles, or others Florilege and Analect. 1727-41 in Chambers Cycl. Florilegium (flo^rilrd^i/mi). [mod.L., i.fldri- Icg-us flower-culling, f. flor{i)-, flos flower 4- legere to gather; a literal rendering of Gr. avOoXoyiov Anthology, after the analogy of spicilegiuml\ a. lit. A collection or selection of flowers; used transf. in the title of a book (see quot.). b. A collection of the flowers of literature, an anthology. a. 1711 Lond. Gaz. No. 4901/4 A compleat Florilegium of all the choice Flowers cultivated. b. 1647 C. Harvey Synagogue xxvi. 9 The florilegia of celestial! storyes. 1716 M. Davies A then. Brit. m.Crit. Hist. 4 Antonius Schorus’s Ciceronian Florilegiums. 1815 Southey Let. 15 Aug. (1856) II. 423 Some [of Kirke White’s poems] . .must hold their place in our popular Florilegia as long as the English language endures. 1870 Lowell Study Wind. 373 We have made but a small florilegium from Mr. Hazlitt’s remarkable volumes. J* Also in anglicized form PloriTegy. 1621 Bp. Mountagu Diatribae 29 Glossaries: Florilegies. Florimania (flo’rim^-nia). [f. ~L.flor{i)-,flbs flower + Gr. fxavia madness (see Mania).] A mania or ‘ rage ’ for flowers in general, or for one parti¬ cular sort or species of flower. 1822 Loudon Encycl. Gard. § 54 This florimania seems to have declined and given way to a taste for exotics. So Florimanist [see -ist], one possessed by flori¬ mania. (Cf. Y.florimane.) 1822 Loudon Encycl . Gard. § 44 The number of fiori- manists. .was much more considerable towards the middle of the last century. Florin (florin). Forms: 4-9 floren(e, 4-7 florein, -eyne, 5 (floran), floryne, (floring), 4, 8- florin, [a. Fr. florin = Pr., Sp. florin , It. fiorino , f. fiore L. flor-ctn , flos flower, the coin originally so called having the figure of a lily stamped upon it. Some of the early forms can hardly be distinguished from those of the synonymous Florence; there is no direct etymological connexion between the two words, though the ‘ flower ’ from which the Florentine coin took its name may have been used with allusion to the name of the city.] 1 . The English name of a gold coin weighing about 54 grs., first issued at Florence in 1252. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Syntie 6201 pere J>ey fonde \>e cofre ful. .Of florens, and of goldrynges. a 1400 Octouian 396 A palmer..bad for that chyld so bold Well many floreyne. ^1470 Henry Wallace ix. 252 This blythis me mekill mor, Than off floryng [v. r. floringis] ye gaiff me sexty scor. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon lx viii. 234 They left not in y c abbey the valewof a floren. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. 11. i. § 38 Yet in after-Ages the Arch-Bishop of Canterburie’s Pall was sold for five thousand Florenes. 1765 Blackstone Comm. I. 1. viii. 313 Edward the black FLORIPONDIO. FLOSS. prince, .imposed a tax of a florin upon every hearth, in his French dominions. 1832 tr. Sismondi’s Ital. Rep . iv. 85 The republic of Florence, in the year 1252, coined its golden florin, of 24 carats fine, and of the weight of one drachm. 2 . An English gold coin of the value of six shillings or six and eightpence, issued by Edward III. Obs. exc. Hist . 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxv. 231 The floreyne that was callid the noble pris of vj shillynges viij pens of ster- linges. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 256 The king made a newe coyne of Golde and named it the Floreyn. 1697 Evelyn Numism. i. 4 Our golden Florens in the reign of Edward III. 1866 Crump Banking x. 222 Coinage of England. .Edward III. Gold. Florin, half-florin. 3 . The English name of various coins current at various times on the continent, a. Gold coins. 1611 Cotgr., Florin , a Florin, or Franc : an ancient coine of gold in France, worth ijs. sterl.: not currant at this day. i8n P. Kelly Univ, Cambist I. 177 The gold florins are chiefly current in the countries on the banks of the Rhine, passing generally for 2 Rixdollars current, b. Silver coins. 17x6 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Mrs. Thistlethwayt c 26 Sept., The laws of Austria confine a woman’s portion not to exceed two thousand florins. 1727-41 Chambers Cycl. s. v. Florin , As to silver Florins. .Those of Genoa, &c. were worth about 84 d. sterling. 1831 Sir J. Sinclair Corr. II. 299 He..pays no more than eight or ten florins Polish money, which is four or five shillings in England. 1873 Ouida Pascarll I. 13 We only want a few florins. 4 . An English silver coin of the value of two shillings, first minted in 1849. 1849 Lond. Jrnl. 12 May 149 The new two shilling coin is to be called a florin. Floripo*ndio. Also8 floripendio, floripondy. [a. Sp .floripondio, ad. mod.L .floripondium, app. f. L. fldr(t)-, flos flower + pondus weight.] The Spanish name of two Peruvian species of datura or thorn-apple, D. arborea and D. sanguined. 1604 E. G[rimston] tr. Acosta’s Nat. $ Mor. Hist. Indies iv. xxvii. 283 Flowers .. of excellent scent, as those which growe vpon a tree termed by them Floripondio or carry flower [orig. has only: ‘which some call Floripondio']. 1745 P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 92 The Floripendio is a tree which bears no fruit, but only Flowers like Pells. 1768 J. Byron Narr. Patagonia 218 Their gardens are full of noble orange-trees and llori-pondies. 1815 W. Bowles Missionary vm. 178 Above, The floripondio its rich trellis wove. 1866 Treas. Bot., Floripondio, Datura sanguinca. Florische, florise, fLoris(s)h(e, florisse, obs. forms of Flourish. Floriscope (Ilf) -••riskflup). Less correctly flora- scope. [f. L. Jldr(i)-> flos flower -1- Gr. -t ticotto s- looker.] An optical instrument for inspecting flowers. 1847 Craig, Florascope [and so in later Diets.]. 1889 Catho - lie Housch. 30 Nov. 6 A pocket microscope and Floriscope. Florist (fty*-, flos'rist). [f. L. flor-, flos /lower + -1ST. Cf. Yx. fleuriste, It . florista.] One who cultivates flowers; one skilled in knowledge of dowering plants; also, one who raises flowers for sale, or who deals in dowers. 1623 Sir H. Wotton in Reliq. J Pol ion. 407 It hath given me acquaintance with some excellent Florists (as they are stiled). 1678 Vaughan Thalia Rediv ., To his Books 47 Choice Flow’rs, all set and drest By old, sage florists. 1718 Freethinker No. 11 ? 7 She will watch .. as a Florist does a Bed of Flowers in the Spring. 1808 Pike Sources Mississ. 111. 210 This father was a great naturalist or rather florist: he had large collections of flowers, plants, See. 1871 Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue § 251 They differ as the flowers of the florist differ from those of nature. Floristry (flp-ristri). [f. prec. + -by.] collect. The objects on which a florist exercises his skill; garden-flowers as a whole. In quot. attrib. 1822 Loudon E?icycl . Card. Index, Florists or floristry gardeners 2079. Florisugent (floorisiwdgent),#. [f. \..flbr{i\-, fibs flower + sugent-em, pr. pple. of siigere to suck.] Sucking (honey from) flowers: applied to certain birds and insects. 1889 in Cent. Diet. Floritry: see Floretry. Floroun: see Fleuron. II Floruit (flb "ri«|it). [L., 3rd sing. perf. indie.of flbrere to flourish. Cf. habitat. ] Occasionally used for : The period during which a person ‘flourished’. 1843 I.i ddell & Scott Creek-Fug. Lex. Pref., The date of each Author's ‘floruit’ is added in the margin. 1882 Saintsbury Hist. Fr. Lit. Pief. 9 The Index will .. be found to contain the date of the birth and death, or, if these he not obtainable, the Jloruit of every deceased author of any importance. 1890 H. W. Watkins Bamptoji Lect. ii. 100 Professor de Groot puts his life at a.d. 65-135, and his Jloruit in the reign of Trajan. Florulaf llbori/?la). [as i f L..*florula, dint, of flora (see Flora).] A small flora or collection of plants. 1847 Cray Lett. (18^3) 347 That makes a very homoge¬ neous florula. 1853 Kane Grinnell E.xp. vi. (1856146 My limited florula, gathered as I made a few hasty walks. Florulent tfld^--, flprbflent), a. [ad. L .floru- lent-ns, f. fibr-, fibs flower.] a. Abounding in flowers, flowery, b. In decorative art: Consisting of depicted flowers. a. 1592 R. IT Hypnerotomachia 91 Turning upon the florulent ground. 1670-81 in Blount Glossogr. 1869 A. Steele in W. S. Crockett Minstrelsy Mersc (1893) 160 Nor name those balmy, spicy dells Though florulent they be. Vol. IV. 345 b. 1859 H. S. Cuming in Jrnl. Arckseol. Assoc. XV. 227 Florulent scrolls in relief upon a mat ground. Hence rio rulentness. l?27 j„ Bailey vol. II. + Flory, sb. t Obs. rare. Also flore. [? f. OF. flor,fleur flower ; cf. OF .fiord ppl. adj.] 153° J Pills < 5 * Inv. N. C. (Surtees 1835) 109 A fflorie of golde & a signet of golde. Ibid ., A flore of gold enamekl with blew & j stone in it. Flory (flo^ri), a. and sb . 2 Sc. A. adj. Showy, vain. 1782 Sir J. Sinclair Observ. Sc. Dial. 102 Flory. .showey, vain. 1821 Scott Redgauntlct Let. xii, The words ‘ flory conceited chap \ B. sb. A conceited, frothy fellow. 1757 H. I. Player's Scourge 5 A pedantic foolish flory. Flory, a. Her. : sec Fleury. Flory-boat. (See quot.) 1867 Smyth Sailor's IPord-bk., Flory-boat, a local term for boats employed in carrying passengers to and fro from steamers which cannot get alongside of a quay at low- water. Florys(e)h(e, flor(y)sehyn, floryse, flo- ryss(h)e, obs. forms of Flourish. t Floscampy. [a. med.L .fibs campi lit. 1 flower of the field ’.] ^See quot. 1398.) 1398 T revisa Barth. De P. R. xvii. xciii. (1495) 647 [Flos catnpi is a lytyll floure with a small stalke and the floure is red as blood], c 1430 Two Cookery-bks. 31 Sette on euery pompe a flos campy flour, c 1440 I ‘ork Myst. xli. 366 Haill ! floscampy, and flower vyrgynall. t Flo scle. Obs. [ad. L. flosculus ; see Flos- cule.] A flower. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhoucr's Bk. Physicke 41/2 Infunde theron, of the beste oyle Olive, as much as wille cover the floscles. Ibid, (at end), Expos... wordes .. derived of the Latines, ‘floscles, reade flowers', a 1770 C. Smart Hop Garden 1. 176 The hop..began to hang Its folded floscles from the golden vine. Floscular (fty*skitfla.i), a. [f. L. floscul-us little flower (see Floscule) + -ail] 1 . Composed of floscules or flowerets. 1793 Martyn Lang. Bot., Flosculosus Jlos , a floscular flower. 1845 Lindley Sch. Bot. vi. (1858) 82 Flowers mostly floscular. 2 . ? Flossy, fluffy. 1822 New Monthly Mag. IV. 6 An ample violet-coloured chlahia of floscular cotton. t Floscula’tioil. Obs. rare—'. [ 1 . 1 .. fibscul-us (see Flosculf.) + -ation.] A flower (of speech ; an embellishment or ornament. 1651 Fuller Abel Rediv., Hass 19 That..with rhetoricall flusculations [s/V] I should endevour to adorne his me- moriall. Floscule (flp'skitd). [a. F. fioscttle, ad. L. fibscul-us, dim of fibs flower.] + 1 . Something in the shape of a little (lower. 1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 53 What remained was a bright styriate floscule. + b. An embellishment or ornament (of speech\ Obs. Cf. Ger. floskel. 1669 Sir K. Digby's Closet Open. To Rdr., There needs no Rhetoricating Floscules to set it off. 2 . Bot . A small blossom of a composite flower; a floret. 1785 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. vi. 67 Giving the names of Flo cules or Florets to the little component flowers. 1805 F.din. Rev. VI. 85 Each single anther will constitute a male floscule. 1828 in Webster. t Flo’SClllent, a. Obs. [incorrectly f. as prec. 4- -ulent. (Or is it a misprint for florulent ?)] Of speech or a speaker : Flowery. 1646 J. Hall Hone Pae. 104 But for private friendship, had it not onely allowance, but also praise, the Holy Spirit would not so oft have becne flosculent, when Hee touched here. 1652 — Height Eloquence p. vi, Endea¬ vouring either an exact flosculent or delightfully formed speech. + Flosculet. Obs. rare — [f. as prec. + -et.] A little flower; in i\\\ot.fig. for an infant. 1648 Herrick Hcspcr. (1S69) I 133 Your owne faire print was set Once in a virgin flosculet, Sweet as your selfe. Flosculose (fipsku/luu's), a. [f. L. fibscul-us Floscule + -ose.]. = Flosculous. 1866 Treas. Bot., Floscnli fadj. Flosculose). In mod. Diets. Flosculous (llp'skw/las), a. [f. as prec. + -ous.] ]• 1 . Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of flowers ; having the savour of flowers. Obs. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 11. vi. 97 A dry and flos- culoiiscoat [of the nutmeg], commonly called Mace, a 1682 — Tracts < 1684) 25 Putting the dried Flowers of the Vine into new Wine to give it a. .flosculous race or spirit. 2 . Abounding with flowers, flowery, rare. 1676 in Coles. 1824 Prichard Welsh Minslr. 13 Thou flosculous and fruitful fair one ! 3 . Bot. a. Composed of floscules or florets. 1785 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. vi 68 The Flosculous flowers, or such as are composed of florets. 1845 Lindley Sch. Bot. vi. (1858) 84 Flowers either flosculous or radiant, b. Of a floret: Tubular. 1830 Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 198 Corymbiferx, the florets of which are flosculous in the middle. 1870 Penti.ry Bot. (1887' 594 Corynnbifcree , the plantsof which have either all tubular [flosculous) and perfect florets; or [etc.]. + Flose, v. Obs. rare - 1 . [Cf. Floss 2.] ?To be shaggy. 13 .. E. A Hit. P. B. 1689 Faxc fyltered, & felt flosed hym vinbe. II Flos-ferri (tlp-sfc-rai). Min. [L.; = ‘ flower of iron ’.] A coralloid variety of aragonite, often found with iron ore. 1748 Sir J. Him. Hist. Fossils 344 This species is. .called .. Flos Ferri. 1878 Lawrence tr. Cottas Kochs Class. 51 Fios-ferri is formed in great perfection in the Styrian iron-mines. FloshjflpJ),^. 1 Obs.exc.dial. Also 3-4 flosche. [See Flash sbP ; cf. also Flush sb.-] 1 . A pool; sometimes, a stagnant pool overgrown with reeds, etc.; a swamp. a 1300 E. E. Psalter lxxxvii[i], 5 [4], I am wened, in ilka land To J>as [>at ere in flosche falland. 1789 D. Davidson Th. Seasons 12 When .. powheads spartle in the oosy flosh. 1875 /. anc . Gloss ., Flash, water, or a watery place, b. transf. A pool (of blood). a 1400 50 Alexander 2049 Sike scoures were of blude .. J?at foies ferd in |?e flosches to fie fetelakis. 2 . attrib. (Cf. Flush sb.* 2 c.) 1847 Halliwell, Flosh-hole , a hole which receives the waste water from a mill-pond. 1875 in Sussex Gloss. Flosh (flpj), sb.- (See quot.) 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 889/2 Flosh ( Metallurgy ), a hopper-shaped box in which ore is placed for the action of the stamps. t Floshed, ppl. a. Obs. rare ~ l . [app. f. F. (sole) fiochc (see Floss 2 ) + -ed.] Made to resemble floss-silk. 1548 Hai.l Chron. (1809) 517 Men appareiled like wilde men.. their bodies, .covered with grene Sylke flosshed. Floss 1 (flps). dial. In Oikncy and Shetland: A collective term for reeds, rushes, etc. 1623 in Barry Orkney 1 st. i 1S05 App. 467 That no persone shall..pul! floss .. before the first of Lammas. 1793 Statist. Ace. Scotl. VII. 524 The tenants paid in kind..(loss or reeds. 1866 Edmondston Shell. <$* Orkn. Gloss., Floss, the common rush. Floss 2 (dps). Also 9 dial, floose. [Of doubt¬ ful origin, l’ossibly an adoption of some form of OF. fiosche down, pile of velvet; also as adj. in soye flosche (mod.F. soie fioche) floss-silk ( = It. seta fioscid). Possibly, however, there may have been a native Eng. or Scandinavian word floss cognate with Fleece. Cf. mod.Icel. flos nap of cloth, Da. flos plush (recorded from 17th c.), and Cleveland cYia\.floss-seaz'e the cotton-grass ; also Flose vi] 1 . The rough silk which envelopes the cocoon of the silk-worm ; also see quot. 1835. 1759 Pullein in Phil. Trans. LI. 56 The common silk- pod, with all its floss, weighs usually but three grains. 1835 Ure Philos. Manif. 3 Silk which occurs in entangled tufts, called floss, is spun like cotton, b. transf. (see quot.). 1846 Smart, Floss , a downy substance in some plants. 1847 Longf. Evang. 1. iii, Hair, like the silken floss of the maize, hung over his shoulder. 2 . Silk in fine filaments; = Floss-silk. 1871 B. Taylor Faust ( 1875) II. 1. iii. 22 Silken threads and silken flosses Here must play their parts. 1889 A. N. Carter in Century Mag. Nov. 37/2 Old velvet embroidered with gold and floss. 3 . A flossy surface; also, a quantity of flossy particles; fluff. 1784 Henley in Beckfqrds Vathck (1868) 160 note , The wrong side of tapestry will represent more truly the figures on the right, notwithstanding the floss that blurs them, than [etc.]. 1850 Bamford Tim Bobbin's lPks. Gloss., Floose , the flyings of wool or cotton. 1871 Napheys Prcv. <$• Cure Dis. 1. iv. 121 When woven thick and with a floss, it is warm. 1891 Labour Cotnmission Gloss., Floss, the small particles of fibre in the dust given o/T in the processes of the manufacture of textiles. 4 . attrib. and Comb., as floss line , thread\ wig , yarn. Also Floss-silk. 1894 Daily Ncu>s 7 May 5/1 Men fish with a *floss line, and one, two, six, or more natural flies on a hook. 1872 MacElrath Diet. Commerce (Webster 1879 )* Floss-thread, a kind of soft flaxen yarn or thread, used for embroidery. 1864 J. Brown Horx Snbscc., J. Leech (1882) 28 The coach¬ man’s red face and *floss wig. Floss 3 (flps). Metallurgy, [a. Ger. fiosz in same sense: see Float sb.] 1 . a. (See quot.) b. (See quot.) e. —floss-hole (see below). a. 1839 Ure Diet. Arts 509 Floss of the puddling fur¬ nace is the fluid glass floating upon the iron produced by the vitrification of the oxides and earths which are present. b. 1839 Uric Diet. Arts 711-2 White cast iron..is em¬ ployed..for the manufacture of steel, and is then called steel floss, or lamellar floss. C. 1839 Ure Diet. Arts 702 The floss, or outlet of the slag from the furnace. 2 . Comb. : floss-hole, (a) ‘ a hole at the back of a puddling-furnace, beneath the chimney, at which the slags of the iron pass out of the furnace ; (b) the tap-hole of a melting furnace’ (Knight). 1839 Ure Diet. Arts 708 The excess of slag is allowed to run off by the chio or floss hole. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., Floss-hole, a tap-hole. Floss 1 (lips), rare — '. [Of doubtful genuine¬ ness. Ger . flosz has this sense; peril, the title of The Mill on the /doss (where /loss is a proper name) led Carlyle to think that the word existed in the same form in Eng. Cf. 1' louse ] A stream. 1865 Carlyle Fredh. Gt. V. xix. iv. 472 There is one dirty stream or flo-s (liiinrrjiiess, Hen-Floss) which wan¬ ders dismally through those recesses. 44 FLOSS SILK. 346 FLOUNCE. Flossifica tion, erroneously for Flohification. 1828 Webster cites Med. Repos. Floss silk. Alsoflox-,flosh-silk. [f. Floss 2 , after F. soie flochei] a. The rough silk broken off in the winding of the cocoons, b. This rough silk carded like cotton or wool and used chiefly in the manufacture of common silk fabrics, c. Untwisted fdaments of silk used in embroidery and crewel- work. 1759 Puli-f.in in Phil. Trans. LI. 55 It was covered with some floss-silk. 1820 Scott Ivanhoe xiii, The flox-silk with which the billet was surrounded. 111846 I. a S’dor Jtuag. Conv. Wks. 1846 II. 53 The truckle bed of Valour and Freedom is not wadded with flosh-silk. 1863 Oun ia Held in Pondage (18701 89 Will you be kind enough to hold this skein of floss silk for me ? 1884 J. Payne Talcs fr. A ralic I. 17 He found himself upon a couch, stuffed all with floss- silk. attrib. 1847 Alb. Smith Chr Tadpole v. (1879) 50 A bright blue stock, worked with floss silk sunflowers. Flossy tfty'si), a. [f. Floss sb? + -y U] Re¬ sembling floss or floss-silk; lloss-like. 1839 Bailey Foetus xx. (1848) 266 Flossy, tendrilled locks. 1874 T. Hardy Madding Crowd I. xxviii. 306 A thick flossy carpet of moss. 1884 Daily News 10 Nov. 3/1 Chenille embroideries brightened by.. the flossiest of silks. Flot 1 (Aft). Now only Sc. [repr. OE. *jlot (in Jlotsmeru floating grease), ora. ON .flot (= Sw. fiotC), f. weak grade of root of Fleet v. Cf. Flo¬ tesse.] ‘ The scum of a pot of broth when it is boiling’ (Jamieson). 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 1011 As a fumes ful of flot fat vpon fyr boyles. Flot- (Act). Mining. [? var. of Float sb. (sense 20 a).] (See quot. 1881.) 1747 Hooson Miners Diet. Ij, Some of these Flots carry good Ore where never Vein was yet Discovered. 1881 Dakyns in Nature No. 620. 473 The word ‘flot* is a miner’s term for ore lying between the beds, or at certain definite horizons in the strata. In text-books flots are generally called ‘ flats ’ or ‘ flattings ’. Flot, obs. form of Float. Flota (fl. Jlota, Pg. frota pop. L. type *flotta , prob. f.Teut. *Jlot- weak grade of the root of *Jleutan Fleet v. in the sense 4 to flow \ # The Sp. and Pg. words also mean * fleet of vessels and in this meaning are prob. adoptions of the Teut. word ap¬ pearing as ON. Jlote, OF,.^ flota wk. masc., f. the same root in the sense * to float ’. The mod. sense of F. Jlotte , fleet, is believed to have been adopted from Sp. in the 16th c.; the older sense is still current in certain phrases, but is popularly regarded as a transferred use. It. has fioita , frot/a, Jlotta in both senses, but their relation to the F. word is doubtful.] A company, troop; also, a herd (of cattle), a shoal (of fish). a 1300 Cursor M. 2444 (Cott.l, O fee J>ai had a selly flot. c 1300 Havelok 738 pere he made a litel cote To him and toliise flote. a 1375 Joseph of A rim. 28 Joseph ferde bi- f «ren and J>e flote folewede. a 1400-50 Alexander 770 Aithire with a firs flote in pe fild metis. 1513 Douglas FEneis xii. v. 191 Italians hurlis on him in a flote. 1603 Hollanh Plutarch’s Alor. 343 A great flote of dolphins. 1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Coot. Eng. 1. v. 17 The Goths, Vandals .. and other Antes of people that about these times ..were weary of their own dwellings. f Flote, w. 1 Ohs. Also 7 float. [Of doubtful formation: either f. Flot sb . 1 or back formation from Jloten, Flotten.] trans. To skim; = Fleet v? 1. 1573 Tusser Hush. xlix. (1878) 108 Gehezie his sicknes was whitish and drie, Such cheeses, good Cisley, ye floted too nie. 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agric. 270 Floating of a Cheese, is the separating the Whey from the Curd. + Flote, v? Sc. Obs. Also 5 floyt(e, flot. [Conjectured to be a variant of Flute zl] trans. 1 To trim with 1 fluting Hence Floting vbl. sb. (used concr. and all rib.). 1473 in Ld. Trcas. Ace. Scotl. I. 16 To the sammyn ij. dowblatis ijj elne of braid clath to flote thaim. 1474 Ibid. 23 To by stufe and floting for the Kingis doublat. 1491 ibid. 188 Quhyt fustiane to floyt a dowblat of dvvn sattin. Flote, Flote-grass, obs. ff. Float, Float- crass. Floter, obs. form of Flutter. f Flotesse. Obs. Also 5 flotyce, -yse, 6 flotes, flattesse, flats. [Perh. the pi. of Flot sbO, taken as sing. It may however represent an un¬ recorded F. derivative of Jlotcr to float.] Scum or grease floating on the surface of a liquid; csp. skimmed fat, dripping. c 1440 Promp. Pai-v. 168/1 Flotyse or flotyce of a pott or other lyke, spuma. 1531 Tindale Exp. 1 John v. 21 Doest thou make of God..one that had lust to smell to burnt flotesse? 1536 Lett. Papers Hen. VIII, X. 175, 4 stone of flattesse. 1548 Recordk Urin. Physic/c v. 18 Be- syde these is there often tymes [in the urine] as it were a flotes or fattyneson the topp. 1585 2nd Pt. good Hnswifes Iewell 12 Frie them with butter or flats. + Flo'ther. Obs. rare~ x . In 3 pi. flopre. [cf. OE. *Jl;v'dra pi. flakes of snow (cited by Junius).] A flake (of snow). c 1275 XI Pains of Hell 74 in O. E. Misc. (1872) 149 Mo saulen |»olie}> [>er sucche wowe pane be flopre in ]>e snowe. Flotilla (fltfti’la). [a. Sp .flotilla, dim. of jlota a fleet: see Flota.] A small fleet; a fleet of boats or small vessels. 1711 Lond. Gnz. No. 4890/1 The Flotilla, .was sail’d. 1739 Let. in Dcscr. Windward Passage (ed. 2) 3 They commonly dispatch a few Ships into Europe, who. .carry an Account of what is on Board the Galleons and Flota. The Ships are stiled the Flotilla. 1801 P. Somerville in A. Duncan Nelson (1806) 198 The enemy’s flotilla in the bay of Boulogne. 1826 H. N. Coleridge West Indies 125 A flotilla of fishing or passage boats. 1858 Carlyle Eredk. Gt. (1865) II. yi. iii. 155 Sailing..in silken flotillas gayer than Cleopatra’s, down the Elbe. Flotsam (flp tsam). Forms : 7 floatsam, -son, flotsan, -sen, -zan, 7-S flotzam, 7, 9 flotsom(e, 7-9 flotson, 9 flotsum, (dial.) floatsome, 8- flotsam. [ad. Ah'. Jlolesou ( = mod.F. Jloitaison) late L. type *floltatidncm , f. *Jlottdrc, OF. floter to Float.] 1 . Law. Such part of the wreckage of a ship or its cargo as is found floating on the surface of the sea. Usually associated with Jetsam. [Liber Niger Admiralilalis cxxxvi. (1871) I. 82 Pippe de vin flotants, balles de marchandises ou autre chose quel- conque comme floteson.] 1607 Cowell Interpr ., Flotsen alias (Flotzam). a 1688 tr. Blache Bh. Admiralty (1871) I. 83 Pipe of wine floating, bales of goods, or any other thing whatsoever, as ffloatson. 1708 J. Chamberlayne St. Cl. Brit. 1. n. ix. (1743) 81 To the Lord High Admiral belongs . .a Share of all lawful prizes, Lagon, Flotson, and Jetson. 1814 Scott Diary 11 Aug. in Lockhart , The goods and chatties of the inhabitants arc all said to savour of Flotsome and Jetsome. 1853 Act 16-17 Viet. c. 107. § 76 All Goods derelict, jetsam, flotsam, and wreck brought or coming into the United Kingdom. ta. transf. and Jig. Sometimes used jocularly for ‘ odds and ends 1861 Ail V. Round 1 June 235 Turkey buzzards were searching for flotson and jetson in the shape of dead Irish deck hands. 1884 R. Buchanan in Harper s Mag. Sept. 603/1 A mania for buying all sorts of flotsam and jetsam. 2 . dial. (See quot. 1S04). 1804 Dunce mb Herefordsh. I. 213 Floatsome , timber, etc. accidentally carried down a river by a flood. 1890 in Gloucestersh. Gloss. 1894 Daily News 23 Nov.6/7 How far the water has gone down may be gathered from the flotsam caught in the willow boughs. 3 . Newly ejected oyster-spawn, 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 154/1 Floatsome. 1882 Standard 18 Feb. 5/2 The spawn or ‘flotsom’ emitted from the bivalves. t Flotte, ppl. a. Obs. rare. [Cf. Flotten and Flote vf~\ Skimmed. 1557 Tusser ioo Points Hush. Ixxii, Their milk pannes so flotte, that their cheeses be lost. Flotte, obs. form of Float sb. t Flo*tten, ppf a. Obs. Also floten. [pa. pple. of Fleet v . l and -.] 1 . Flooded with water. 1601 Holland Pliny I. xvm. xviii. 577 They were woont to cast their seed-corne upon the floten ground. 2 . Skimmed, f lotten milk : skim milk. 1600 W. Vaughan Direct, for Health (1633)72 Browne- bread crummed into .. flotten milke. 1608 Armin Nest Ninn. (1880) 48 Fed with the flottin milke of nicetic and wantonnesse. 1614 Markham Cheap Hush. 11. i. (1668) 71 Bring them [Calves] up upon the finger, with flotten milk. 1661 K. W. Char. Coxcombs (i860) 30 Flotten cheese. 1721 in Bailey. fig. 1632 Quarles Div. Fancies 11. xxviii. (1660) 60 We Fleet the Mornings for our own Design; Perchance the Flotten Afternoons are thine. Flotter, v. Sc. [?ireq. of Float zl Cf. Flod- der.] trans. To overflow, wet. Hence Flottered, Flottering, ppl. acijs. 1513 Douglas /Ends xi. i. 72 With flottyrit herd of teris all beweip. Ibid. xiii. iv. 14 Chekis wait of flotterand teris greite. 1827 Tennant J'apistry Storm'd 23 The flotter’t table maist was steepit Wi’ claret-dubs. Flotter, obs. f. Flutter. Flouck, Floud(d v e, obs. ff. of Fluke, Flood. t Ficmght, v. Obs. rare~ *. [perh. a dial, word, f. OE. *Jlohta or ON. *f!ohtc (Iccl. Jtotti) flight, f. root of Flee v.] intr. To flee, take refuge. 1556 Abp. Parker Psalter cxxxix. 7 From thee, .how can I fly : or whether shall I flought. Flought, var. form of Flocht. Flouh, obs. pa. t. Flay. Flouke, obs. form of Fluke. Floum, var. form of Flum, river. Flounce (flauns), sbf Also 6 flownse, 7 flownce. [f. Flounce v. ] ] 1 . A sudden fling or jerk of the body or a limb ; a plunging or flopping movement. 1583 Stanyhurst Aeneis 11. (Arb.) 50 They [two serpents] doe frisk with flownse to the shoareward. 1802 M. Moore Lascelles III. 36 The instrument was lodged in the shark's body, which, after several dreadful flounces, sunk. 1810 T. Jefferson Writ. (1830) IV. 144 A gripe of the paw, or flounce of the tail, maybe our fortune. 1863 Barnes Dorset Gloss., Flounce, a flying stroke, b. A splash. 1622 Mabbe tr. Aleman’s Guzman (T Alf. 11. 103 The Mariner .. as soone as he heard the flownce of the fall, presently cryde out Hombre a la Jtiar. 2 . A quick movement of the body, expressing impatience or disdain. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 182 P12 He sometimes pre¬ sumed to mention Marriage ; but was always answered with a Hoot, and a Flounce. 1878 Mrs. Stowe Poganuc P. i. 5 Nabby turned her batch of dough over with a final flounce, as if to emphasize the statement. Flounce (flauns), sbf [Alteration of earlier Frounce, prob. due lo the influence of Flounce vf (The alleged AF. flounce , quoted in Skeat’s Etym. Diet. (Suppl.), is a misprint for founce bottom (of a basin).] 1 . 4 An ornamental appendage to the skirt of a lady’s dress, consisting of a strip gathered and sewed on by its upper edge around the skirt, and left hanging and waving.’ (W.) 1713 Swift Cadenusly Vanessa45 From Fans,and Flounces, and Brocades. 1795 S. Rogers Words Mrs. Siddons 59 The grey Dowager, in ancient flounces. 1862 Miss Braddon Lady Audley iii. 27 She was shaking out the flounces of the silk dresses. transf. 1799 J. Robertson Agric. Perth 220 The tramp- ricks should also be .. well drawn all round close to the bottom, .not leaving the hay in a flounce at the skirts. 1891 Baring-Gould In Troubadour Land's.. 130 Two limestone blocks fallen from the precipices above, lying on the flounce of rubble near the bottom of the promontory. 2 . Mil. The leather flap closing the holster-pipe. x 833 Re. gul. Instr. Cavalry 1. 106 Take off the right-hand glove, unbutton the flounce, and push forward the cloak [etc.]. Flounce (flauns), vf Also6floimse, 7 flownce. [Agrees in sense and form with Norw. Jlunsa to hurry, work briskly, Sw. dial. Jlunsa to fall with a splash; but as the Scand. words are not known earlier than the iSth c., and the Eng. word not till the 16th c., historical connexion cannot be proved.] 1 . intr. To go with agitated, clumsy, or violent motion; to dash, flop, plunge, rush. Also with away , out, etc. 1542 Udall Erasm . Apophih. 183 b, Alexander, .flounced me l ethic dative ] into the floudde. 1639 Fuller Holy lVar 11. xxviii. (1647) 80 He commanded them all at once to flownce into the river. 1736 7 Mrs. A. Gran¬ ville in Mrs. Delany’s Life # Corr. 588 We flounced into great holes of ice and snow, enough to swallow up coach and horses. 1761 Mrs. Sheridan Sidney Bidulph II. 128 She flounced off the chair to the other end of the room. 1784 tr. Bedford's Vathek (1868) 94 lie flounced from the water like a carp. 1843 Paget Ward. Berkingholt 233 So saying, Mrs. Carraway flounced olT in a passion. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. IX. xx. ix. 163 Upon which My Lady flounces out in a huff. 1876 T. Hardy Ethclberta xxxi, Picotee flounced away from him in indignation. Jig. a 1734 North Lives II. 365 He thereupon resolved to flounce through. 1760 Foote Minor 11. Wks. 1799 1 . 260 One flower [of speech] flounced involuntarily from me that day. b. To Jlounce down ; to flop down. To Jlounce over ; to turn over abruptly. 1786 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 25 Dec., I .. escape by mere miracle from flouncing down plump in all their faces ! 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxxvii, Tom flounced over, . .disarranging everything. 1855 Thackeray Neweomes 11 . 299 Rosey’s Mamma flouncing down on a chair. 2 . intr. To make abrupt and jerky movements with the limbs or body; to throw the body about; to plunge, flounder, struggle. Also with about, up. Usually said of bulls, horses, or aquatic animals. To Jlouncc it, said of a woman dancing. 1609 Holland A mm. Marcell. xvi. xii. 77 After his horse had flounced & floundered with his heeles in the soft and clammiemud. 1641 J. Shute Sarah «$• /Ai^wr( 1649) 109When one hath struck a great fish, he plungeth and flounceth. 1704 J. Trapp A bra-Mult in. i. 1292 Whales.. Now FLOUR. FLOUNCE. flounc’d and panted on the slimy Beach, c 1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 217 Giving him a good strap he ffiounc’d up againe. 1728 Morgan Algiers II. iii. 252 Laughing .. to behold them [infants] flounce about and struggle for Life in the Water. 1779 Wesley Wkt. (1872) IV. 163 One of them [his post-horsesTbegan to kick and flounce, without any visible cause. 1841 Catlin N. Atner. I fid. (1844) I. xvii. 120 Trinkets, and ribbons, in which they flounce and flirt about. 1851 Maynk Reid Scalp Hunt. vii. 53 Some of them [women] flounced it in polka jackets. transf. and Jig. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. xi. viii. § 14 Waters long dammed up, oft-times flownce, and flie out too violently, when their sluces are pulled up. 1688 Bunyan Jems. Sifiner Saved (1886) 60 Wood that is green will rather smother .. and crack, and flounce, than cast a brave light and a pleasant heat. Ibid. 90 It [despair] will make a man . .flounce and fling like a wild bull in a net. 3 . +To express displeasure or ill-temper by agitated movements. Obs . Also To flounce into a temper. 1702 Steele Funeral 11. ii, 'Tis in vain to flounce, and discompose your self. 1756 Foote Eng. fr. Paris 11. Wks. 1799 h 1*8 If you flounce, I fly. 1883 Longm. Mag. July 294 The little German gentleman flounced into a temper. 14 . trans. To dash or drive with violence; to Iling with a flop or splash. Obs. 1583 Stanyhukst Aeneis 1. (Arb.) 38 What seas thee ter- ribil hither Haue tlounst? 1714 Hearne Duct. Hist. (ed. 3) I. 1S4 At last it broke, and by the fall of large Pieces of it into the Abyss, flounc’d up the Water. 1719 A. Smith Lives 0/ Highway men II. 321 He is flounc’d thence into the Sea. 1794 Mrs. Bennett Ellen III. 107 She flounced the door in his face. Flounce (flauns), vi 1 [Alteration of Frounce v .: cf. Flounce sb .' 1 ] + 1 . trans. To curl, frizz, trim. Obs. 1672 Wycherley Love in Wood in. iii, Let me Prune, and Flounce my Perruque a little. 2 . To adorn or trim with a flounce or with flounces; also transf. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 129 ? 5 She was flounced and furbelowed from Head to Foot. 1737 Pope Let. in Style Lady Wks. 1824 VIII. 406 They have got into the. .fashion . .of flouncing the petticoat so very deep, that it looks like an entire coat of lutestring. 1749 H. Walpole Lett. (1857) II. 170 He has .. flounced himself with flowering shrubs. 1814 Miss Mitford in L’Estrange Life (1870) I. 274 Striped muslin to flounce my gowns. 1818 Blackw. Mag. III. 403 It must take scores and scores of yards to flounce her. 1841 D’Israeli A men. Lit. (1867) 523 The tarnished piece was drawn out of the theatrical wardrobe .. [and] flounced with new scenes. 1862 H. Marry at Year in Sweden II. 308 Its basement flounced round with trees. absol. 1784 Bage Barham Downs 1 .171 They could trim, flounce, and furbelow to admiration. Flounce (flanns), adv. [The vb. stem so used.] With a flounce ; with a sudden jerk or flop. 1583 Stanyhurst Aeneis in. (Arb.) 89 Flounce to the stars towring thee fire, lyke a pellet, is hurled. 1604 Meeting 0/ Gallants 21 He fell flounce into the saddle. 1707 Farquhar Beaux’ Stratagem 11.1 Wks. 1892 II. 260 He comes flounce into bed. Flounced (flaunst), ppl. a. [f. Flounce v. 4-ed 1 .] Adorned or trimmed with a flounce or with flounces. 1727 Swift Baucis 4- Philemon Wks. 1755 III. 11. 36 Her petticoat .. Became black sattin flounc’d with lace. 1862 Miss Yonge Countess Kate ii. (1880) 13 They will do nothing all day long but try on flounced gowns. Flouncing (flairnsiq), vbl. sbf [f. Flounce v . 1 + -ing b] The action of the vb. Flounce. 1601 Deacon & Walker Answ. to Darel 190 The gallant keepes a flouncing and frisking about. 1679-80 Sir C. Lyttelton in Hatton Corr. (1878)213 What w th y ,J flounsing of y* 1 hors and my own endeavors I soone was free. 1727 A. Hamilton Ncvj Ace. E. I?id. II. xliv. 133 He turned Tail on us, and with great Flouncings, made towards the Shore. 1774 Goldsm. A r at. Hist. (1776) VI. 245 To prevent his flouncing, they cut off the tail with an axe. 1874 Black IE Self-Cult. 10 A little floundering and flouncing in deep bottomless seas of speculation. Flouncing (flairnsiij), vbl. sb . 2 [f. Flounce Z /.2 + -ING 1 .] a. The action of putting a flounce to a garment, b. cotter. A flounce; also, the material of which flounces are made. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. iv, I do not know whether such flouncing and shredding is becoming even in the rich. 1865 Mrs. Whitney Gayworthys II. 53 The pink muslin was .. too dressy, perhaps, with its four little flouncings. 1873 — Other Girls v. 97 She tossed a long flouncing over her sewing-table. Jig. 1891 Month LXXIII. 247 Those who merely dabble in good works may find time .. to deck themselves out in such flouncings of vanity. Flouncing (flairnsiij), ppl. a. [f. Flounce v. + -ing -.] That flounces : said chiefly of animals, esp. aquatic animals; plunging, tossing. 1700 Black more Job 179 Canst thou stand angling on the banks of Nile .. And thro the flood the flouncing monster draw? 1708 Prior Epil. to Smith’s Phaedra 4- Hippol. 15 Six flouncing Flanders mares. 1806-7 J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826] vi, Hearing the roof of a crazy coach groan .. beneath the flouncing weights of a dozen pon¬ derous passengers. 1837 Wheelwright tr. Aristophanes I. 330 Why beatest thou the sea with flouncing oars? Jig. 1830 Examiner 790/1 The heroine of this flouncing trumpery, yclept a tragedy. Flounder (flairndai), sb . 1 Also 5 floundre, flownder, -dre, flondyre, 7 flunder. [The phonology seems to show that the immediate source is AF. floundre (14th c., Black Bk. Admir. II. 102) — OF. flondre (still current in Normandy); 347 app. of Scandinavian origin : cf. ON. fly bra (:— yiunprjon-), MSw., Sw., Norw . flundra. Da. flyn- dcr\ mod.Ger. has flunder, but this is given by Gcs- ncr in 16th c. as only an English name (Kluge). The MHG. vluoder of the same meaning is related by ablaut to Flathe, and cannot be directly connected with flounder ; but the latter may possibly be from a nasalized form of the same root.] 1 . A small flat-fish, Pleuronectes Flesus. In the U.S. applied to various other species of flat-fish. Prov. As flat as a flounder. a 1450 Fysshyugc wyth an angle (1883) 30 The flounder is an holsom fisshe. 1513 Bk. Keruynge in Babccs Bk. 282 Base, flounders, sole. 1622 Peacham Compl. Genii, v. xxi. (1634) 254 The Eele and Flounder are two greedy Fish and bite at the redde worme. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VI. 174 Fish .. that continually crawl at the bottom; such as the eel and the flounder, a 1845 Hood To Tom Woodgate vi, Or are you where the flounders keep, Some dozen briny fathoms deep. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. II. vii. 77 You came in upon four of us down as flat as flounders. 2 . Something resembling this fish. a. dial. = Fluke 2. b. See quot. 1874. a. 1853 Cooper Sussex Gloss., Flounders , animals found in the livers of rotten sheep, called in Somerset, Jlooks. S. 1883 in Hampsh. Gloss. b. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 889/2 Flounder , a slicking* tool whose edge is used to stretch leather for a boot front in a blocking or crimping board. 1875 lire’s Did. Arts III. 100 After this, the fronts are regularly placed on a block, being forced into position by an instrument called the flounder, and tacked to their place. 3 . attrib. and Comb., asflounder-flshery,flounder¬ like adj. Also flounder-lantern, a dial, name of the common flounder ; flounder-man, a hawker of flounders; flounder - mouth, a mouth like a flounder’s, alargemouth; whence flounder-mouthed adj.; flounder s-head (whale), a bottled-nosed whale. 1884 Pall Mall G . 20 Sept. 2/1 The *flounder fishery is looking up again. 1630 Massinger Rcnegado iii. i, To firke your belly vp ^flounder like. 1700 Congreve Way of World v. 77 Hawkers, with Voices more Licentious than the loud ^Flounder-man’s. 1672 95 Brickmaker's Lament. in Roxb. Ball. II. 40 The cryer he bawl’d, And there with his *flounder-inouth loudly he yaul’d. 1663 Cowley Cutter of Colman St. iv. vi, She .. rails at me like a *Flounder- mouth’d Fish-woman. 1724 Mrs. M. Davys Reform'd Coquet ( 1752) no You great Flounder-mouth’d Sea-calf. 1717 in S. Dale Hist. Harwich Tab. xiv, The Bottle-Head or *Flounders-Head-Whale. Flounder (flairndai), sbA [f. next vb.] The action of the vb. Flounder. 1867 F. Francis Angling xiv. (1880) 486 The fish gave one flounder. 1871 L. Stephen Playgr. Eur. iv. (1894) 105 With a graceful flounder I was presently landed in safety upon a .. ledge. 1887 Sir R. H. Roberts In the Shires ii. 33 His horse .. after a severe flounder, regained his legs. Flounder (flairndai), v. Also 6-7 flunder. [Of obscure etymology. Perh. an onomatopoeic blending of the sound and sense of various earlier words; cf. Founder v . (OF. fondrer ), Blunder, and the many vbs. with initial jl- expressing impetuous and clumsy movements. Wedgwood and Skeat compare Du . fodderen, to flounder in mire, to flop about: see the dialectal Flooder v., which may have affected the development of the present word.] 1 . inlr. In early use, to stumble (cf. Founder v.). Subsequently, to struggle violently and clumsily; to plunge, roll and tumble about in or as in mire; also (with on, along , etc.), to move on with clumsy or rolling gait, to struggle along with difficulty. Of a horse: To rear, plunge; +to ‘shy’ (at an object). 1592 Wyrley Armorie ioi My foot did slide and.. Flundring, almost flat on earth I go. a 1625 Fletcher Woman’s Prize n. iii, If she flownder with you, Clap spurs on. 1687 Dryden Hind 4- P. iii. 301 He champs the bit .. And starts a side, and flounders at the cross. 1735 Somer¬ ville Chase in. 135 Another in the treach’rous Bog Lies flound’ring. 1834 Medvvin Angler in Wales I. 291 He lost his balance, and man and fish lay floundering together in the rapid. 1840 Thackeray Paris Sk.-bk. (1872) 184 ‘You flounder in mud at every step.’ 1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. ii. (1889) 17 The four-oar floundered on ahead. quasi -trans. 1694 Congreve Double-Dealer iv. v, You will but flounder yourself a-weary. 1816 Chalmers Let. in Life II. 66 With the risk of floundering its uncertain way through [etc.], b. transf. and fig. 1684 H. More Answer 299 The Remarker, in the very entrance, shuffles and flunders. 1728 Pope Dune. 1. 120 The Hero, .wrote and flounder’d on in mere despair. 1807 W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 202 He dashed off to a ball, time enough to flounder through a Cotillion. 1822 Hazlitt Table - t. Ser. 11. v. (1869) 123 They flounder about between fustian in expression, and bathos in sentiment. 1865 Carlyle Frcdk. Gt. VII. xvm. v. 178 The poor Prince’s mind did flounder a good deal. + 2 . trans. To cause to flounder: to confound, embarrass. Obs. 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes iii. ii. 74 He. fell into Cocytus . .where floundred extreamly and uncouthly accoutred, yet he resolv'd to call for no helpe. 1685 H. More Paralip. Proph. 154 Those Interpreters, .flunder and confound all. f 3 . To flounder up : to choke up (a water¬ course). Obs. [Cf. Flodder vi] 1576 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 385 The streame behinde Oseney ys so floundred up that the water cannot passe .. The dyches .. ar« so floundred up wth flaggs and fylth. + 4 . inlr. Of soil: To fall in. [Cf. OF .fondrer in same sense.] Obs. 1774 G. White Selbome xx. (1789) 177 A soil .. much too loose and mouldering, liable to flounder, and threatening to overwhelm them [Sand-martins] and their labours. Hence riou nderer, one who flounders. 1836 Hor. Smith Tin Trump. (1876) 345 Learn this ye flounderers in the traps Of insulated lines and scraps. Flou*nder-flat, v. nonce-wd. trans. To make ‘as flat as a flounder\ 1819 Coleridge in Lit. Rem. (1836) II. 119 Warburton could never have wooed by kisses and won, or he would not have flounder-flatted so just and humorous .. an image into so profound a nihility. Floundering (flairndariij), vbl. sb. [f. Flounder v. + -ing 1 .] The action of the veil) Flounder; a plunging, struggling, or stumbling; also fig. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 351, I was .. in danger of., having my Brains dash’d out with his Hoofs in his Floundering. 1868 Less. Mid. Age 202 A little floundering for words .. might add to the impression made by this speaker. 1883 19 fh Cent. Sept. 513 A floundering that may only plunge us deeper into the mire. Floundering (flatund3rii)\ ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing-.] That flounders; plunging and tossing; stumbling. Also fig. 1592 Nash Pierce Penilesse Eijb, Report (which our moderners clippe flundring Fame). 1642 H. More Song of Soul 1. 1. xvii, Th’ unruly flundring steeds wrought his confusion. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. viii, The swollen current and floundering masses of ice. 1887 T. A. Trollope What / remember 1 . xvii. 346 The postboys.. dismounted from their floundering horses. 1887 Saintseury Hist. Elizab. Lit. i. (1890) 12 There is nothing here of Wyatt’s floundering prosody. + Flon nderkin. Obs. [Comic perversion of Flandehkin, after Flounder sb.' or v.] A con¬ temptuous designation for a Dutchman. it 1668 Davenant News fro>n Plymouth in. Wks. (1673) 13/1 On our allegiance We must not suffer it, by your leave, Flounderkin. Ibid. v. 29/1. Flour (Hanoi), sb. Forms : 3 flure, 5-6 floure, 3-7 flowre, 5-8 flower, 4- flour. [A specific use of Flower; cf. F. fleur de farine the ‘flower’ or finest part of the meal. Johnson 1755 does not separate the words, nor does he recognize the spelling four. But Cruden’s Concordance 1738 recognizes the modern distinction.] 1 . Originally, the ‘ flower 9 or finest quality of meal; hence, the finer portion of meal (whether from wheat or other grain) which is separated by bolting. Also, in modern use, the ordinary name for the meal or farina of wheat as opposed to that obtained from other grain. £1250 Gen. 4* Ex. 1013 Kalues fleis, and flures bred, And buttere. 1340 Aycnb. 210 Zuych difference ase per is., be-tuene bren and flour of huete. c 1400 Lai franc’s Cirurg. 46 Take mel roset .. smal flour of barly & medle hem togidere. c 1420 I.ibcr Cocorum (1862) 14 Floure of ryce fiou grynd also, c 1440 Promp. Parv. 168/r Flowre of mele, farina , simila. 1533 Elyot Cast. Ilelthe 11. xi. <1541) 28 b, Breade of fyne flowre of wheate .. is slowe of digestion. 1691 Tryon Wisd. Dictates 21 Milk, Water, and Flower, seasoned with Salt .. are rare Foods for them [Children). 1769 Mrs. Rafi-ald Eug. Housckpr. (1778) 259 Rub a little of the butter into the flour. 1809 Pinkney Trav. France 8 In a long voyage .. flower will not keep. 1846 in Baxter Libr. Prad. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 3 When perfectly ripe and ground into flour, it [Indian corn] is said [etc.]. 1872 Yeats Techn. Ilist. Comm. 36 The art of obtaining flour from corn .. was known to the Egyptians, b. as type of whiteness. 1375 Barbour Bruce viii. 232 Hawbrekis, that war qubit as flour, a 1440 Sir Eglam. 949 Kepe we thys lady whyte as flowre. f c. In figurative phrase : To bolt all the flour : to investigate a matter thoroughly. Obs. 1590 Spenser F. Q. ii. iv. 24 He now had boulted all the floure. 2 . By extension, a. The fine soft powder ob¬ tained by grinding or triturating seeds, farinaceous roots, or other alimentary substances, b. Any finely-powdered dry substance. a. 1660 F. Brooke Le Blanc's Trav. 399 They make flower also of fish dryed in the Sun. 1836 Macgillivray tr. Humboldt's Trav. xxv. 378 The valuable plant Jatropha, of which the root, .affords the flour of manioc. 1855OGILVIE Supply Flour-of mustardy the seeds of mustard, dried, pow¬ dered, and sifted. 1879 Encycl. Brit. IX. 348/2 Dusting them [artificial flowers] with fine powdered glass or potato flour to represent the bloom. 1889 Cent. Did. s. v. Floury Flour of meat, a fine flour made of dried meat. b. 0 1400 Lanfrancs Cirurg. 99 Flour of bras brent. 1670 W. Clarke Nat. Hist. Nitre 88 If it [gunpowder] should be in flour, or fine powder. 1880 W. H. Wardell in Encycl. Brit. Xi. 323 The crystallized saltpetre, having almost the appearance of snow, and technically called ‘flour,’ is raked into the ‘washing-cistern.’ 1894 Nation (N. Y.) 22 Mar. 209/3 The sulphur found in other parts of Italy .. is .-. sold in * flour,’ in ‘ rolls,’ or in ‘cakes.* 3 . attrib. and Comb., as flour-barrel , -dredge, -dredger, -grinder, -mill, -milling, -packer, -paste, -sack ; flour-like adj. 1809 W. Irving Knickerb. (1850) vi. iii. 194 A cooper hooping a "flour-barrel. 1858 Simmonds Did. 1 rode, * Flour-dredge, a tin for sprinkling flour. 1828 James Richelieu xxxvii, Those dusty jackets, which have been the insignia of flour-grinders from all generations. 1863 A. B. Grosart Small Sins (ed. 2) 84 You inevitably 44-2 FLOUR. brush off its powdery‘flour-like dust. 1809 Kendall Trav. II. lii. 213 Rivers, .upon which are fulling, ‘flower and saw mills. 1825 J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 132 We have given a section of a double ‘flour-mill. 1888 Bryce Amcr, Co/nmw. III. vi. cxiv. 643 Minneapolis .. has become .. the greatest ‘flour-milling centre in America. 1806 Sporting Mag. XXVIII. 212 Luting the interstices of the lid with ‘flour-paste. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, Flour-sack, a coarse bag for flour. 4 . Special comb., as flour-ball, a ball of flour; also a kind of potato which resembles a ball of flour when boiled; flour-beetle, a beetle which feeds on and is very destructive to flour (see quot.); flour-bolt, -bolter, a flour-sieve; flour-box, a tin box for dredging flour; flour-bread, wheaten bread ; flour-cake dial, (see quot.); flour-dresser (see quot.!; flour-emery, emery reduced to a fine powder; Hour-factor (see quot. 1858); flour-gold (see quot.); flour-meat dial., food made with flour; flour-mite, one of several mites or acarids which are found in flour; flour-moth, a moth which feeds on flour, esp. Pyralis farinalis. 1877 W. Jones Finger-ring Lore 438 A wealthy German fanner.. was making ^Hour-balls in 1871 for bis cattle. 1877 N. IV. Line. Gloss., Flour-balls, a kind of potato. 1888 Powles tr. Kick's Flour Mannf. ix. 248 The flour beetle (Tcuebrio molitor) belongs to the family of Melanosomata , [and] is of a pitch black or brown colour. 1874 Knight Diet. Meek. 1 . 889/2 *Llour-bolt. 1888 Powles tr. Kick's Flour Planuf. vi. 177 The *flour bolter in the old mills .. was made of an open woven woollen cloth called bolting cloth. 1721 Bailey Dredger , A * Flower Box. 17.. Rose o' Mai indie O' iv. in Child Ballads 1. No. 20 (1S82) 224/1 Waur ye but mine, I wald feed ye wi *flour-bread an wine. 1840 R. Bremner Excurs. Denmark, fyc. II. 233The many kinds of Hour-bread. 1884 Chcsh. Gloss., * Flour-cakes, a. .cake, .made from a small piece of ordinary bread dough rolled to the size of a plate, and about an inch thick, and then baked on both sides. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade , * Flour-dresser, a cylinder for dressing flour, instead of passing it through bolting cloths. 1888 Powles tr. Kick's J’'lour Manuf. vi. 176 The sieve is stretched on an inclined cylinder furnished with brushes on a spindle revolving inside..This variety is called the 4 flour dresser’, or wire and brush machine. 1884 F. J. Britten IVatch ud), ppl. a. [f. Flour sb. or v. + -ED.] 1 . Sprinkled or covered with flour. 1814 Sir R. Wilson Diary II. 328 We are too old mice to he caught by a floured cat. 1849 Sidonia Sore. I. 225 A miller, .was belabouring him stoutly with his floured fists. 1873 Miss Broughton Nancy III. 184 Looking at me. .from the highest summit of my floured head, to tile point of my buckled shoes. 2 . (See quot.) 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., Floured, the finely granu¬ lated condition of quicksilver, produced to a greater or less extent by its agitation during the amalgamation process.’ t Floure jonett. Obs.-' [ad. OV. flour (Fr. fleur) flower and OF. jaulnettc (Cotgr.), i.jaulnt (Fr. j a tine') yellow.] ? The great St. John’s wort. 1423 Jas. I. Kingis Q. xlvii, The plumys eke like to the floure-Ionettis. t Flouren (flcitD’ren), a. Obs. [f. Flour sl>. + -en 4 .] Made of flour. a 1300 Land Cokay tie 57 in E. E. P. (1862) 157 Fluren cakes bej> }> e scingles alle, Of.. cloister, boure, and halle. Flouret, -ette, obs. ff. Floweret. 348 Flouring (fkiu o, riij), vbl . sb. ff. Flour v. + -ing 1.] 1 . U. S. The action or process of grinding grain into flour: also attrib. in fiouring-mill , ‘ a mill for making flour, usually on a large scale ; dis¬ tinguished from grist-mill* ( Cent. Diet.'). 1855 Clarke Diet., Flouring, flour business. 1859 Bart¬ lett Diet. Amcr. 156 Flour itig-Mill, a grist-mill. 1888 Amcr. Anthropologist Oct. I. No. 4. 307 The way from the mealing-stone to the flouring-mill is long. 2 . (See quot. 1869.) 1869 R. B. Smytii Goldfields Victoria 611 ‘ Flouring’ is the forming of the mercury into small particles by the action of the reducing-machine and the subsequent coating of each particle by some sulphide, whereby the power of the particles to re-unite and to amalgamate with gold is lost. 1882 A. G. Locke Gold 21 The greater part of the flouring or sickening of the mercury used is due to the action of sulphate of iron. Flourish, (flp'rij), sb. Forms: 6 florishe, (Sc. flureise, -ss, fleureis, flurish), 6-7 florish, 7 Boorish, 7-8 flowrish, 6- flourish, [f. next vb.] 1 . The blossom or mass of flowers on a fruit-tree. Also occas. in j>l. Only Sc . and north dial. a 1500 Cokclbie Sow Proem. 42 A fair flureiss fadit in a falty tie. 1548 Compi. Scot. vi. 38 The borial blastis .. lied chaissit the fragrant flureise of euyrie frute tree far athourt the feildis. a 1605 Montgomerie Mi sc. Foetus xvii. 58 Beuties freshest florish. 1635 Rutherford Let. 22 Apr., There shall be fair white flourishes again, with most pleasant fruits. 1868 Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., Flourish , the blossom on fruit-trees. 1892 Boyd 25 Years St. Andrews II. xxi. 139 Finding some very fine ‘ flourish ’ in a dirty back-court. + b. pi. —flowers (see Flower sb. 2 b). 1605 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. iii. Lawe 85 Childe-great Women, or green Maydes (that misse Their Terines appointed for their flourishes). f 2 . The slate or condition of being in blossom, blossoming. Of vegetation: Luxuriant growth, luxuriance, greenness. Obs. 1594 J* Dickenson Arisbas (1878) 75 The roote whose moisture fed their flourish. 1619 Z. Boyd Battcll Soul (1629) 1101 The tree is first seene in the budde and then in the flourish, and after in the frute. 1719 De Foe Crusoe I. 117 A constant Verdure, or Flourish of Spring. 1801 Southey Thai aba vm. xvii, In the flourish of*its [vine’s] outwardness Wasting the sap and strength. 1818 Scott llrt. Midi, xxxi, Fruit-trees, so many of* which were at this time in flourish. b. fig. Prosperity, vigour; the 1 bloom* (of youth). Also, the highest degree of prosperity; perfection, prime. Now rare. 1597 J- Payne Royal Exch. 38 To be liowld.. wycked men to have the fayrest shew and greatest florishe. 1612 Breke- wood Lang. «y Relig. iii. 20 r l he Romans had generally (at least .. in the flourish of the empire) great caie to enlarge their tongue. 1665 Life Earl Essex in Select . Hurl. l\Iisc. (1793) 157 'l’he earl of Essex was then in the flourish of his youth. 1709 Hearne Collect. 27 Aug., The Foundation & Increase & Flourish of [the UniversityJ. 1826 Scott Woodst. xi, I he flourish of his powerful relative’s fortunes had burst forth in the finery of his dress. 1848 Thackeray Bk. Snobs iv, The Court Circular remains in full flourish. f 3 . Ostentatious embellishment; gloss, varnish. 1588 Shaks. Z. L. L. iv. iii. 238 Lend me the flourish of all gentle tongues, c 1600 — Satin, lx, Time doth transfixe the florish set on youth, c 1632 Crashaw Epitaph JTr. Hcrrys , The flourish of his sober youth, Was the pride of naked truth. f 4 . A florid decoration ; a piece of scroll-work, tracery, or the like. Obs. 1695 Phil. Trans. XIX. 154 An Octagonal Tower., beautified on the out-side with Florishes. 1721 Bailey, A flourish [in Architecture] is a Flower Work. 1764 Harmer Observ. iii. iv. 134 Cracknells are full of holes, being formed into a kind of flourish of lattice-work. fig. 1675 Traherne Chr . Ethics xxviii. 443 Mistake not these things for arbitrary flourishes of luxuriant fancy. b. In Penmanship , a decoration about a letter or writing, consisting of flowing curves executed with a sweep of the pen. 1652 H. More Autid. Ath. n. vi. 68 They were intended onley for ludicrous ornaments of Nature, like the flourishes about a great letter that signify nothing. 1758 J. Blake Plan Plar. Syst. 8 In the middle of this sheet, .let a flourish be printed, to that the sheet, may be cut in two, indentwise. 1831 Lamb Let. to Dyer (1888) II. 268 By your flourishes, I should think you never learned to. .flourish the governors’ names in the writing-school. 1861 Sala Dutch Piet. 2 An original Rembrandt (with a flourish to the R). 5 . Literary or rhetorical embellishment; am¬ bitious copiousness or amplification; parade of fine words or phrases ; a florid expression. 1603 Holland Plutarch's Mor. 74 By a flourish of fine words, they devise shifts [and] evasions. 1673 True Wor¬ ship God 56 Those pleasing Varieties and Flourishes in Pulpit Harangues. 1708 Berkeley Commonpl. Bk. Wks. 1871 IV. 492, I abstain from all flourish and powers of words and figures. 1823 Scott Pevcril xlvi, He commenced with a flourish about his sufferings for the Plot. 1867 Freeman Norm. Cotiq. (1876) I. App. 542 These unusual phrases are clearly mere flourishes. + b. A boast, brag. Obs. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 11. (1625) 44 All your., flourish made of your company, their reputation, your civilitie. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Flourish.. a Vaunt, Boast, or Brag. 6. An ostentatious waving about of a weapon or anything else held in the hand; a showy movement of the body or limbs. FLOURISH. 1601 Cornwallyes Ess. xii, Like seeming Fencers wee are meeter for a flourish, then defence. 1713 Steele Guar¬ dian No. 50 f2 Before he applied his weapon to my chin, he gave me a flourish with it. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. U757) II. 167 It would splint him .. if the Rider were to make his Flourishes upon his Back like a Rope-dancer. 1840 F. D. Bennett Whaling 1 'oy. I. 142 A few. .musicians embellish their performance with a flourish of the fingers. 1859 Dickens T. 'two Cities 1. v, The three customers pulled off their hats to Madame Defarge, with three flourishes. fig. 1777 A. Hamilton Wks. (1886) VII. 510 Their flour¬ ishes in the Jerseys, I believe, cannot have cost them less than six or seven hundred men. b. esp. A graceful brandishing of the weapon by way of salute or display at the beginning of a fencing match, f Hence fig. a prolusion, orna¬ mental preamble; a piece of compliment or dis¬ play preliminary to serious business or discussion. (Cf. 7 c.) 1552 Huloet, Florysh , proludium. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. xviii. 44 That was lmt a florish of the sovereintie promised to Christ. 1593 R. Harvey Philad. 2 This is your florish, to no purpose, then to shew reading, a 1626 Bacon Ess., Panic (Arb.) 570 'This is a flourish : There follow excellent Parables. 1826 Scott JVoodst. xxviii. Ere they had done more than salute each other, with the usual courteous flourish of their weapons. 7 . Music, a. A fanfare (of horns, trumpets, etc.\ esp. to announce the approach of a person of dis¬ tinction. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill, iv. iv. 148 A flourish, Trumpets ! strike Alarum, Drummes ! 1609 Heywood Lncrece v. i, A flourish with drums and trumpets. 1712 Philips Dis¬ tressed Mother iv. i, A flourish of trumpets. 1788 Clara Reeve Exiles 11 . 127 Two trumpeters, .blew a flourish, and the herald gave his challenge. 1813 Ann. Reg. 52 The Duke of York gave the toast; it was announced from the head of the table by a flourish of trumpets. 1814 Scott JVav. xlv, When Waverley reached that part of the column which was filled by the clan of Mac-Ivor, they., received him with a triumphant flourish upon the bagpipes. 1868 Regnl. <$• Old. Army p 58 In corps not having a band, the bugles or trumpets will sound the flourish. fig. 1884 J. A. H. Murray 13 thPrcsid. Addr. in Trans. Philol. Soc. 516 Friends, who. .send .. with a flourish of trumpets to Notes and Queries. b. A florid passage; a florid style of com¬ position; a decorative addition introduced by player or singer. Also, ‘ the execution of profuse but unmeaning ornamentation in music * (Stainer and Barrett). 1646 Crashaw Poems , Mnsick's Ducll 137 The Lute’s light Genius now does proudly rise, Heav’d on the surges of swolne Rapsodyes. Whose flourish, (Meteor-like) doth curie the aire With flash of high-borue fancyes. 1724 Ramsay Tea-t. Plisc. (1733) I. p. v, Such are not judges of the fine flowrishes of new musick imported from Italy. 1823 Crabb Techtiol. Diet., Flourish .. the decorative notes which a singer, or instrumental performer, adds sometimes to a passage. c. A short extemporized sequence of notes sounded as a prelude at the beginning of a piece cf music. Cf. 6 b. 1706 A. Bedford Temple Plus. ix. 191 Each Side might begin with a different Flourish. 1876 Stainer & Barrett Diet. Plus. Terms , Flourish .. The preparatory cadenza for ‘tuning the voice’, in which singers formerly indulged just before commencing their song. transf. 1850 W. Irving Knickerb. iv. ii. 117 He preluded his address by a sonorous blast of the nose ; a preliminary flourish much in vogue among public orators. Flourish (flznif), v. Da. t. and pplc. flourish¬ ed. Forms: 3-4 floris(e, (4 floryse, fluris', 4 florisse, 4-5 florysse, floresshe, florische, (4 flurshe, fluri(s)ehe, flors(clhe, 5 floresche, florche), 4-6 florisshe, -yssh(e, 4-7 florish(e, (6 floorish), 5-6 florys(c)h(e, 6 Sc. fluros, -eis, -is, flwreis, 4-6 flourishe, (4 flouresshe), 5-6 flourysshe, (5 flowrysche, 6 flourys(c)h, 7 flowrish), 4- flourish, [a. OF .foriss- lengthened stem of fiorir (mod.F. Jlcurir) = Fr. florir, It. Jiorire vulgar L. type *Jlorire, Lfdr-.flbs, flower. The intr. senses represent those of L .florcrc, which like many other vbs. in -ere passed into the -ire conjugation in Romanic.] I. intr. To blossom, thrive. J 1 . Of a plant or tree: To blossom, flower. Obs. a 1300 Cursor hi. 21701 (Gbtt.) par florist aue [wand] als 30 haue herd, c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. r 43 To smelle the sote savour of the vyne whanne it florissheth. 1483 Caxton Chas. Gt. 36 The crowne began to florysshe & a meruayllous swete odour yssued out of the floures. 1578 Lyte Dodocns 11. xx. 170 It beginneth to fioure at the toppe of the stalke, and so goeth fiorishing downewarde. b. To throw out leaves and shoots; to shoot forth; to grow vigorously and luxuriantly. Now only with mixture of sense 4. 1303 R. Brunne Hand!. Synnc 905 Here vynys florshede feyre and weyl. 1382 Wyclif Ezck . xvii. 24 Y made the drye tree for to florisshe. 1377 B. Googe Hero shack's Husb. 1. (1586) 25 b, In hotte Countreys later, least they shoulde florishe before the Winter, and be .. blasted. 1727 Broome Seat of JVar in Flanders 157 Poems 76 Pallas with her Javelin smote the Ground, And peaceful Olives flourish’d from the Wound. 1784 Cowper Task ill. 571 The spiry myrtle with unwithering leaf Shines there and flourishes. 1877 Huxley Physiogr. xiii. 212 As these trees do not grow in water, it is evident that the land on which they flourished has been depressed. FLOURISH 349 FLOURISHING. C. fig- * 34 o Hampole Pr. Cause. 725 Arely a man passes als pc gres, He floresslie and passes away. 1470-85 Malory Arthur xvm. xxv, Euery lusty herte that is in ony maner a louer spryngeth and floryssheth in lusty dedes. 1526 FUgr. Per/. iW. de W. 1531) 74 Flotirysshe the forenoone neuer so fresshe, at the last commeth the euentyde. a 1586 Satir. Poems Reform, xxxvii. 68 Bakbyttaris. .flwreis sone, but forder fructe pai faill. 1611 Bible Isa. lxvi. 14 Your bones shall flourish like an herbe. 2 . gen. To thrive, a. Of persons: To prosper, do well. a 1340 Hampole Psalter Cant. 518 Whare ere pai now all bicumyn pat florysst in pis warlde? 1572 Forrest Theophilus 697 in Anglia VII, Florishinge more then anye queene heere. *670 R. Coke Disc. Trade 60 We flourish in the French Trade. 1704 Nelson Com fan. Fcstiv. .5- Fasts xxiv. 255 Bad Men as frequently prosper and flourish. *833 Ht. Martineau Brooke Farm iii. 31 Men who were starving on land of their own, are now flourishing on the wages I give them. 1874 L. Stephen Hours in Libr. (1S92) I. vi. 233 Tartufe .. flourishes and thrives. b. Of things (e. g. art, science, an institution) : To attain full development; to be prosperous or successful, be in vogue; to have many followers or patrons. c 1400 Rom Rose 6233 Men may in seculer clothes see Florisshen holy religioun. 1504 Atkynson tr. De Imitatione 1. xviii. 166 The holy sayntes. .in whom florysshed the per- feccyon of all relygyon. 1571 Digges Pantom., Math. Disc. Pref. Tj, Where such sciences firste tooke their originall, and in what languages and countreys they chieflye florished. 1649 Bp. Reynolds Hosea v. 47 The way for the church to prosper and florish. 1754 Sherlock Disc. (1759) I- iv. 144 When Science flourished in the East. 1885 Taw 'Times LXXIX. 130/1 The poor law system.. has flourished for over three centuries. + 3 . To thrive, display vigour z’/z, of with (some¬ thing specified); also, to abound in, overflow with. <1:1300 Cursor M. 21222 (Cott.) Barnabas .. In vertuz florisand sa fele. c 1380 Wycj.if Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 96 Men pat shulden florishe in vertues. 1530 Lyndesay Test. Pa- fyngo 795 Those dayis quhen so thay [the Prelatis] flurisit in fame. 1559 W. Cunningham Cosmogr. Glasse 175 Cam¬ bridge, a Universitie florishing with al kind of good letters. 1628 Hobbes Thucyd. (1822)1 They flourished..in all man¬ ner of provision. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blancs Trav. Ded. A ij, A11 age that flourishes with Pens, and Criticks. 1726 Leoni Alberti's Archil. II. 4/1 Greece .. flourishing in excellent geniusses. 4 . To be at the height of fame or excellence; to be in one’s bloom or prime. Also in weaker sense, used in pa. t. of a person to indicate that his life and activity belong to a specified period (cf. F loruit). 1387 Trevisa Higdcn 'Rolls) IV. 173 In his tyme Plautus LatinuS'. .florischep at Rome. 1550 Veron Godly Sayings A ij, Origene. .did florysshe in the yere of our lorde cc.lxi. 1661 Bramhall Just Find. i. 3 His most renowned Ances¬ tors.. flourished whitest Popery was in its Zenith. 1700 Drydfn Pref. Fables (Globe) 494 Spenser and Fairfax both flourished in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. 1 .189 James flourished nearly about the time of Chaucer and Gower. 1855 Tennyson Brook 11 In our schoolbooks we say, Of those that held their heads above the crowd, They flourish’d then or then. II. To adorn. + 5 . trails. To adorn with flowers or verdure ; to cause to bloom or thrive. a 1300 Cursor M. 16860 (Cott.) pe rode it was wit leif and bare florist ful selcuthli. 1375 Barbour Bruce xvi. 69 Feldis florist ar with flowris. c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 78 God .. Hath florisshed the erthe on every side. .Withe grete habundaunceofvyridite. 1500-20Dunbar Poems xlvi. 21 Fresche Flora hes flurest every spray. 1716 Fenton Ode to Ld. Gower Poems (1717) 219 With shadowy verdure flourish’d high, A sudden youth the Groves enjoy. Jig. 1470-85 Malory Arthur xvm. xxv, Lete euery man of worship florysshe his herte in this world, t'1614 J. Davies Scourge of Folly To Earle Pembrooke, Wks. (Grosart) 52/1 But when the sonne of fauor shines on mee My May may then haue Might to flourish thee. + b. Cookery. To ornament, garnish (a dish). ? c 1390 Form of Cury in Warner Antiq. Cutin. 13 Take brede .. Florish it with white coliandre in confyt. c 1430 Two Cookery-bks. 1. 30 Florche it a-bouyn with Pome- gamed. 1502 Arnolde Citron. (1811) 239 Storke roosted, pecoke florisshed, carpe in soppis. + 6. gen. To adorn, decorate, embellish, orna¬ ment. Also with out, over, up. Obs. c 1325 Coer de L. 1842 Six stages ful of towrelles, Wei flourished with cornelles. 7^1400 Morte Arth. 771 Hys feete ware fioreschede alle in fyne sabylle. 1489-99 Inscrip¬ tion Holloway Chapel, Widcome, nr. Bath in Wood Life (O. H. S.) II. 409 Thys chapill floryschyd with formosyte spectabyll ..prior Cantlow had edyfyd. 1581 Pkttie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. in. (1586) 125 Those which flori.di up themselves by arte. 1590 Greene Never too late Wks. (Grosart) VIII. 194 Her face full of chast colours : such as florish out the fronts of Dianas virgins. 1608 Topsei.l Serpents 738 Their skin seemeth to be flourished with certain pictures. x6n Coryat Crudities 145 Sixe very precious sockets .. flowrished ouer with a triple gilting. <11716 South Serm. 11744) X. 56 This would make him begin to. .try the foundation before he flourished the super¬ structure. fig- *377 Langl. P. PI. B. xiv. 294 pe fierthe [pouerte] is a fortune pat florissheth pe soule Wyth sohrete fram al synne. 1587 Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1323/1 Deceipt [sheweth] finest when he is cunninglie florished. 1603 Shaks. Meas.for M. iv. i. 75 The Iustice of your title to him Doth flourish the deceit. b. To embellish or ornament (a book, writing, etc.) with ‘ flourishes * (see Flourish sb. 4 b). + In early use also : To illuminate; to adorn with colour or decorative designs of any kind. Obs. c 1440 Promp. Pari'. 167/2 Floryschen bokys ,fioro. 1573 Art of Limning 5 With this [turnesoll] you may flourishe redde letters, or vestures. 1679-88 Seer. Serv. Money Chas. II <$■ fas. II (Camden) 55 Gideon Roger, for writing and flourishing, partly in gold, a letter to the Emperor of Fez. absol. 1660 G. Tomlyns Patent No. 128 A way to text and flourish in velams and parchment. f 7 . To embellish (a narration, etc.) with flowers of speech; to ornament or set off with line words or phrases; to express in flowery language. Obs. 13. . Minor P.fr. Vernon MS. Iii. 496 pci} pis tale beo florisshed with faire flour. 1494 Fabyan Chron. 3 So haue I nowe sette out this rude werke . .That the lerned and the studyed clerke May.. Flowrysshe it with Eloquence. 1540 Elyot Image Gov. Pref. (15561 3 Desiryng more to make it playne to all readers, than to flourishe it with over inuche eloquence. 1631 Shirley Love in Maze in. iii, You have.. Wanted no art to flourish your warm passion. 1678 Cud- worth Intel/. Syst. 63 Which Argument is further flourisht and descanted upon in this manner. 1691 G. D’Emilianne J'rauds Rom. Monks 177 The Catechizer flourish’d his Discourse with Circumstances so extravagant [etc.]. b. intr, ‘ To use florid language ; to speak with ambitious copiousness and elegance * (J.) ; to descant floridly on or upon. Also with away. 1700 T. Baker Reflect. Learning iv. (ed. 2) 32/2 Whilst he [Cicero] acts the part of the Rhetorician, he dilates and flourishes, and gives Example instead of Rule. 1725 Watts Logic iv. i. 518 They dilate sometimes, and flourish long upon little Incidents, and they skip over and but lightly touch the drier Part of their Theme. 1824 I . Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) I. 435 They are often misled, by a desire of flourishing on the several properties of a me¬ taphor. 1858 Gen. P. Thompson Audi Ait. II. lxxxi. 41 Another flourishes away upon the assertion that the French Emperor was chosen by the Ballot. + 8. trails, a. To lay (one tint) upon (another) by way of ornament; b. to work up ornamentally. a 1592 Greene Opharion Wks. (Grosart' XII. 70Touching the faultles mixture of Vermillion flourisht vpon Iuory. a 1626 Bacon IVar w. Spain (1629) 3 Bottomes of threed close wound vp, which with a good needle .. may be flourished into large workes. III. To d isplay ostentatiously. 9 . To brandish (a weapon, etc.) ; to wave about by way of show or triumph. Also, to move (the limbs) vigorously. 1382 Wvclif 2 Macc. xi. 8 An horsman apeeride goynge by fore hem .. florishynge a shaft. 1388 — Ps. vii. 13 If ben not conuertid, he schal florische his swerd. 1592 Shaks. Rom. 4* Jut. 1. i. 85 Old Mountague .. flourishes his Blade in spight of me. 1646 Crashaw Sospetto d’Herode xxxiii, All the Powers of Hell in full applause Flourisht their Snakes. 1820 Scott Ivanhoe II. iii. 45 Anon, balancing his expanded palms, he gently flourished them in time to the music. 1831 T. L. Peacock Crotchet Castle viii. 144 He began mechanically to flourish his bamboo. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop xxi, Richard Swiveller .. looking at the dwarf . .as he flourished his arms and legs about. J* b. absol. Obs. 1588 Shaks. Tit. A. 1. i. 311 Goe giue that changing peece, To him that flourisht for her with his sword. 1627-77 Feltham Resolves 1. xxxviii. 63 Whosoever will jest, should be like him that flourishes at a show : he may turn his weapon any way. 1690 W. Walker Idiomat. Anglo-Lat., To flourish is one thing, to fight another. c. intr. Of a weapon (or the like): To be brandished or waved about. 1388 Wyclif fob xxxix. 23 A spere and scheeld schal florische. 1773 H. Luson in Duncombe s Lett. II. App. xlviii. All this while the cane kept flourishing over Jerry’s head. 10 . a. trails. To display, make a display or parade of. b. intr. ‘To boast, brag’ (J.); to talk big; to ‘swagger’, ‘show off’; also with about, off. f c. To exhibit oneself conspicuously, make a flourish or parade. Obs. a. c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 341 Summe florishen oper names & seien pat he [the pope] is moost blissed fader. 1592 Greene Disput. 6 Your sugred words, that you florish rethorically like nettes to catch fooles. 1638 Sir T. Her¬ bert Trav. (ed. 2) 93 He. .florisht his colours in signe of victory, and as a call to Abdulchan to second him. 1755 Scott Diet., To Flourish Colours [in military affairs] is to display them. b. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk 4- Selv. 159 If any man think to come flourishing off with this. 1699 Bentley That. Introd. 22 The Examiner, after he has cited this Scholiast on Aristophanes, thus flourishes. 1729 Swift To Delany Wks. 1755 III. 11. 233 To flourish o’er a cup of gin. 1816 J. Gilchrist Philos. Etym. p. xvii, Mr. Horne Tooke has flourished rather too much about Gothic and Saxon. 1866 Carlyle Inaitg. Addr. 9 He goes flourishing about with them. C. 1563 Foxe A. 4 * M. 1710/1 All the other Ladies of the court florished in their brauerye. 1611 Bible SongSol.W. 9 He looked forth at the window, shewing himself f marg. flourishing] through the lattice. 1750 Warburton Julian Wks. 1811 VIII. 192 A reverend Stole .. came, .into the possession of a notorious prostitute, who flourished with it on the public stage. + 11. a. traits. Of the sun: To shoot out (beams), b. intr. Of light. Obs. 1515 Scot. Field 427 in Chetham Misc. II, Phebus full faire florished out his beames. 1587 Golding De Mornay vi. 64 From thence there flourished a certeine holy brightnesse. + 12. intr. To move with a flourish; to make sweeping movements; ‘ to play in wanton and irregular motions ’ (J.). Obs. 1728 Pofe Dime. 11. 180 Impetuous spread The stream, and, smoaking, flourish’d o’er his head. 1735 Somerville Chase 11. 256 They’re check’d—hold back with speed—on either Hand They flourish round. + 13 . Music and Fencing. To give a short fanciful exhibition by way of exercise before the real per¬ formance. To play, with a flourish. Also quasi- trans. To flourish out (notes). Obs. 1552 Huloet, Florysh, as a maister of fence doth w l weapon, or a musitian in syngyng, prolndo. 1718 Free¬ thinker No. 15 P 1 Musicians, before they begin to play, always flourish out some loose Notes. 1766 Goldsm. l ie JF. X, Instead ..of finishing George’s shills, we now had them ..flourishing upon catgut. 1810 James A/ilit . Diet., To flourish, .is to play some prelude or preparatory air without any settled rule. b. Of trumpets: To sound a flourish or fanfare. 1588 Shaks. Tit. A. iv. ii. 49 Why do the Emperors trum¬ pets flourish thus ? 1706 Addison Rosamond 1. iv, Trumpets flourish. + Flourishable (flmijab’l), a. Obs.-' [f. Flourish v. + -able.] Adapted to flourish or make a display. 1614 T. Adams Dili ells Banket iv. 141 Hee sets the countenance of continuance on them, which indeedeare more fallible in their certaintie than flourishable in their fcrauerie. Flourished (flwrijt), ppl. a. [f. Flourish v. + -ed 1.] 1 . Adorned with ilovvers or verdure; Jig. adorned with charms or virtues. Obs. c 1350 Will. Palerne 2438 pei .. founden pan a fayr forest floriched ful pik. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xxxiii. 148 All pe tymes of pe 3ere er paire gardynes Hurisched and paire myclews grene. c 1470 Harding Chron. xiv. vii, Bothe two dyed in their floreshed youthede. 1508 Dunbar Tua mariit wemen 27 Faceis .. All full of flurist fairheid, as flouris in June, a 1605 Montgomerie Misc. Poems xix. 3 Galhring flours. .Amidst the florisht meid. + b. Of the brow : Adorned with clustering hair. c 1400 Rowland 4- O. 82 With a fioreschede thonwange, Oure noble kynge pat es so strange, His doghety men I-melle. c. Her. = Ft.eury. i486 Bk. St. Albans , Her. E j a, They be calde florishit : for they be made hi y ‘ maner of a flowre deluce. 1830 in Robson Brit. Her. III. Gloss., Flourished, the same as fieury. j- 2 . Of words: Of a flowery character ; rhetori¬ cally arranged. Obs. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 3066 Flourshede wurdys.. Are ful of pryde and trechery. c 1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880' 445.P e Y [false freris] deprauen hem to per parischens hi florizshid wordis pat pey bringen yn. 3 . Decorated with flourishes or ornamental lines and tracery, or with figures in colours, embroidery, etc.; figured. c 1400 Rowland $ O. 281 Men. .That wele kon feghte with floresched swerde [orig. espeeforbie]. 1446-7 Eton Coll. Acc. in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) I. 394 Pro xxiiij pedibus vitri operati picti vocati florisshed glasse. *563 Homilies 11. Agst. Excess Apparel (1850) 315 r Io see his wife in such painted and flourished visages. 1678 Loud. Gaz. No. 1265/4 One Silver Plate, .marked with the Cipher E. G. flourished. 1758 Johnson Idler No. 13 P 8 We have.. three flourished quilts for every bed. 1792 Mrs. C. Smith Desmond II. 268 His wife put on. .a fine flourished shawl. 1885 D. W. Kettle Pens, Ink, <$• Paper 65 The Flourished Printed headings to Deeds. Flourisher (flwrijai). [f. as prec. + -er F] One who or that which flourishes. 1387 Trevisa Higdcn (Rolls) I. 7 Faire florischers and Inheres of wordes and of metre. 1435 Misyn Eire of Love 102 Florischars of pis warld, to qwhome temperall prosperite pou gyfs. 1491 in York Alyst. 1 11 trod. 39 Luminers, turners, and llorisschers. 1598 Flokio, G la fiat ore, a fencer or flourisher with his weapon. 6 1611 Chapman Iliad xxiii. 689 Not our greatest flourisher can equall him in powre Of foote-strife, but ./Eacides. 1617 Wardens' Acc. in Heath Grocers ’ Comp. (1869)429 John Bradshawe. .and 18 fellow florishers with long swordes. 1624 Gataker Transubst. 233 So far is it from that which this flourisher affirmeth, that [etc.]. ^1734 North Life F. North (1742) 332 He was not an Orator, as commonly understood, that is a Flourisher. 1833 Marryat P. Simple xvii, Our.. frigates have names as long as the main-top bowling.. fine flourishes. Flourishing (flzrrijiq), vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ING 1 .] 1 . The action of the vb. Flourish in various senses. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 881 Every }ere at pe florysyngge When pe vynys shulde spryngge. 1387 Trevisa Higdcn (Rolls) I. 15 Nou3t sotilte of sentence, noper faire florischynge of wordes. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. 11.(1586) 83 b, It must be digged before his florishing, or shooting out of his leaves. 1580 Hollyband I'rcas. Fr. Tong., Regratement de vie ill es c hoses, .the flourishing vp of old thinges. 1687 T. W. tr. Hen. Fill’s Assertio Septan Sacram. (1688) 8 These two Chapters .. are .. but the flourishings or first essays of Luther, who now begins to murther and destroy the Sacraments. 1717 Berkeley Tour Italy Wks. 1871IV. 531 Before the flourishing of arts in Rome. i86$TROLLOPEBcltonEst. viii. 83 With some little flourishing at the commencement, Captain Aylmer made his speech. 2 . In various cotter, or qaasi-cottcr, senses. +a. Blossom, also fig. b. A decoration, an embellish¬ ment ; a flower-like design, c. nonce-use. An orna¬ mental covering. a. a 1300 Cursor AT. 10726 (Gbtt.) pis wand suld florisching here. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems lxxxv. 13 Haile, }hyng, benyng, fresche flurising ! [Virgin Mary; but peril. ppl. «.]. b. c 1384 Chaucer H.Fame m. 211 Hit nedeth noght yow for to tellen .. Of this yates florisshinges, Ne of compasses, ne of kervinges. 1611 Cotgr. s.v. Draperic, A flourishing FLOURISHING. 350 FLOW. with lcaues, aiul flowers in wood, or stone, vsed especially on the heads of pillers. 1613 T. Godwin Rowan Antig. (1658) 28 Bestudded with flourishings of purple silk. 1665 Pepys Diary 26 Dec., Some fine writing-work and flourishing. 1847 C. Winston Anc. Glass Paint. I. 125 Many attempts were made to strengthen the shadows, .in re¬ presentations of architecture with a flourishing of thin lines. C. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple I si. 11. xviii, Cover'd .. with silken flourishing, Which as it oft decaies, renews again. 3 . = Fumishing. rare ~ J . 1726 Diet. Rusticum (ed. 31 s.v. If art-hunting , He may ob¬ serve his flourishings, which are in proportion to the Beast. 4 . attrib • and Co tub., as flourishing hand ; flourishing thread (see quot.). 1713 Steele Guardian No. 1 r 1 Mr. Airs,that excellent penman .. instructs the youth of this nation to arrive at a flourishing hand. 1882 Caulfeild & Saward Diet. Needlework, Flourishing Thread, a flat, silky, linen thread specially adapted for mending Damask, Linen, [etc.]. Flourishing (fVriJiij), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG -.] That flourishes. 1 . Budding or blossoming ; hence, that grows vigorously or luxuriantly. Of a landscape: Ver¬ dant. e 1400 Maundev. (1830) v. 54 The Gardyn is alweys grene and florisshing. 1535 Covf.rdale Ecclus. xiv. 18 All flesh shal fade awaye.. like a florishinge leaf in a grene tre. 1647 Cowley Mistress, Tree i, The flourishingst Tree in all the Park. 1783 Cowper Rose ii, The buds it had left..On the flourishing bush where it grew. 1883 R. Zimmkrmann in A theme um 29 Dec. 847/2 Populous towns and flourishing landscapes. 2 . Prosperous, thriving, conspicuous, eminent. a 1340 Hampole Psalter ix. 20 Thorgh him be Jmi put in tyll synn in }>i syght, bof b a i seme florischand bifor men. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 156 Occa .. Wyss into weir ami fluresand in fame. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. 179 This is a flourishing City. 1741 Middleton Cicero I. 1. 18 Hor- tensius, the most florishing young Orator at the bar. 1855 Macaulay Ilist. Eng. 111 . 615 Belfast has become one of the greatest and most flourishing seats of industry in the British isles. 3 . Vigorous ; in the bloom of youth or health. + Flourishing age, years : the prime of life. 1562 WinJet Cert. Tract, iii. Wks. 1888 I. 23 That maist flurissand part of my aige, spent in the teching of the grammar scule. 1564 Bulleyn Dial. agst. Pest. To Rdr. (1888) 3 Some are preuented by death in their flour- ishyng yeres. a 1568 Coverdale Bk. Death 111. x. 296 The thirde [dieth] in his florishynge youth. 1600 W. Vaughan Direct. Health (1633) 23 It [Meath] will cause one to liaue a flourishing colour. 1737 Whiston Josephus' JFars m. ix. § 2 They slew the aged .. but. .those, .in their flourishing age. .they drove them together into the temple. 4 . Of writing: Ornamented with flourishes. 1859 Sai.a Gas-light <§• D. iii. 37 As per flourishing gold letters on his door-jamb, he proposes to lend money. 5 . Of style, etc. : Florid, highly embellished, grandiloquent, high-sounding. Also of a writer: Addicted to floridness. 1538 Leland It in. I. p. xix, Men of Eloquence hath not enterprised to set them forthe yn a florisching style. 1592 G. Harvey Pierce's Super. Wks. (Grosart) II. 252 An irre¬ fragable Confutation of Beza, and our floorishingest New- writers. 1788 Mad. D’Arblay Diary June, He..spoke in flourishing terms of its contrast to former times. 6 . Of persons and their actions: Boasting, swagger¬ ing, ostentatious. 1616 Rich Cabinet 57 All sorts of people thought it the greatest glory to liue in the florishingest showe. 1688 Wood LiJe 8 Dec. (O. H.S.) III. 287 A conceited fiurishing coxcomb. + 7 . Of a spear : Vibrating. Ohs. 1388 Wyclif Job xli. 20 He schal scorne a florischynge [1382 shakende] spere. Flourishingly (fli> rijiijli), adv. [f. prec. + -j.y -.] In a flourishing manner. a. In the shape of a flower ( obs .). b. Vigorously, prosperously. c. In flowery terms, floridly {obs.). fd. Os¬ tentatiously, showily (obs.). e. With a flourish or flourishing movement. a. i486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. Eja, The forsayd letill barris ar othyrwyle made florishyngli. b. 1609 W. M. Man in Moone (1849) 20 (Percy Soc.) Swag¬ gering drunkards or swearing Jackes, which have thus flourishingly sprowted up by service. 1819 Ann. Reg. 36 We were going on flourishingly. 1879 Stevenson Trav. Ccvennes 196 Such as they have are hardy plants and thrive flourishingly. C. 1580 Baret Alv. E 163 To vtter his mind eloquently, flourishingly, & finely. 1647 lr * Malvezzi's Pourtract 3 The Actions of Predecessours. .require no more then to bee flour¬ ishingly related. d. 1550 Bale Image Both Ch. 11. xvii, She. .is florishinglye decked with golde, preciouse stone, and pearles. e. 1825 Blackly. Mag. XVII. 363 Round which the lash • had so flourishingly played its., gambols. 1832 J. Wilson ibid. XXXI. 272, 1 came down waveringly .. flourishingly, just as you have seen a lark from sky to furrow. t Floirrisllly, adv. Obs. In 6 floryschelye. [f. Flourish v. + -ly In a flourishing manner, pre-eminently. 1558 Forrest Grysildc See. (1875) 146 Theis. .sightes. .In Grisild weare seene florische floryschelye. nourishment (florijment). ff. Flourish + -MENT. OF. had florissement .] The state or condition of flourishing; prosperity, thriving. 1724 W elton Chr. Faith .] 1 . The action of the vb. Flout ; an instance of this. 1574 Wiiitgift Def. Aunsw. ii. i. § 6.91 What gybing and flouting would there be. 1621 Molle Camerar. Liv. Libr. v. xv. 382 A desperate impudencie, seconded with bloodie floutings, with terrible despightings,[etc.]. 1691 Ray Creation 11. (1704* 453 Flouting, and Taunting, are to be censured as vicious Abuses of Speech. 1884 Bath Herald 25 Oct. 3/1 The second flouting of the popular will. 2 . Comb, fflouting-stock (a) a butt for flouting, an object of mockery; (b) = Flout sb. (perh. the use is a blunder ascribed to the Welsh speaker). 1592 G. Harvey Pierce's Super. Wks. (Grosart) II. 309 Lesse peraduenture. .thou be .. made a notable flowting- stocke. 1598 Shaks. Merry IF. iv. v. 83 You are wise, and full of gibes, and vlouting-stocks. 1817 W. Godwin Mande- ville I. 263, I was .. a flou ting-stock and a make-game .. created for no other end than to be the scoff of my fellows. Flouting (flatutiq), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing ^.] That flouts. 1581 Pettie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. !. (1586) 30 b, Insinuating therby in flouting manner, that he might be his Fathers bastard sonne. 1597 Fenton Let. 23 May in Harington Nugce Ant. (1779) II. 233 She would, .out with all such un¬ gracious flouting wenches. 1614 N. Breton I would ty yet exxv, Then sure should I.. Be followed with many a flowting- lacke. 1727 De Foe Hist. Appar. xiii. 329 A flouting atheistic man of wit. 1870 Pall MallG. 23 Nov. 12 Less of.. flouting ferocity than is usual in the epic tales of the S cand i 11a vian s. Hence Flou tingly adv. in a flouting manner. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong., Par gaudisscrie, in iest, or floutingly. *633 Bp. Hall Hard Texts, N. T. 55 They floutingly put upon his head a wreath of thornes. 1858 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. (1865) I. 1 it. xiv. 228 * Goody Palsgrave’, as her Mother floutingly called her. Flow (fl on idel thar a-dune. c 1325 Body fy Soul in Map's Poems (Camden) 347 The thndde day shal flowe a flod that al this world shal hylen. a 1400-50 Alexander 2053 For bale to Blissh on blod pat on pe bent flowes. 1554 in Strype Keel. Mem. III. App. xxiv. 67 Yf the water in Egypt called Nilus dyd not accustomably flow over Egypt. 1667 Milton P. L.l. 11 Siloa’s Brook that flow’d Fast by the Oracle of God. 1704 Pope Winter 13 Thames heard the numbers as he flow’d along. 1793 Burns Song, Wandering Willie ii, O still flow between us, thou wide roaring main. i 854 Ronalds & Richardson Chem. Technol. I. 363 The acid.. is allowed to flow consecutively into the lower vessels. 1859 Gullick & Timbs Paint. 204 To admit of being discharged freely from the brush without flowing or spreading on the canvas. b. Opposed to ‘stand’. See Flowing///, a. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 37 With Osier Floats the standing Water strow; Of massy Stones make Bridges, if it flow. c. Of the blood or other animal fluids: To pass along the vessels of the body ; to circulate. 1603 Shaks. Jlteas, for M. 1. iii. 52 Lord Angelo .. scarce confesses That his blood flowes. 1666 1 )ryden A nn. Mirab. ii, Trade, which like blood should circularly flow, Stopped in their channels. 1786 Burns Song, My Highland Lassie O iii, While my crimson currents flow, I’ll love my Highland lassie. 1817 Shelley Rev. Islam vii. xxi. 5 Our pulses [would] calmly flow and beat In response while we slept. 1845 Budd Dis. Liver 276 Gall-stones are formed in numbers in the gall-bladder, only when the bile can flow into it through the cystic duct. d. With advbs. To flow over = to overflow. 1526 Tindale 2 Cor. viii. 2 And howe that their povertie, though yt be depe, yet bath folowed [x/c] over. 1606 Shaks. Ant. fy Cl. v. ii. 24 My Lord Who is so full of Grace, that it flowes ouer On all that neede. e. quasi -trans. Of a river: To carry down (water) in its current. 1885 Century Mag. Sept. 747 It [a river] was flowing muddy water at the time. + 2 . To become liquid; to stream down, melt; lit. an dflg. Obs. c 825 Vesp. Psalter lxvii{ij. 3 Swe flowed wex from onsiene fyres. a 1225 After. R. no His moderes wop & pe oftres Maries, pait fleoweden & melten al of teares. 1382 Wyclif Isa. lxiv. 1 Fro thi face hillis shulden flowe doun. 1477 Norton Ord. Alch. v. in Ashm. (1652) 59 For nothinge maie he more contrary nowe Than to be fixt and unperfectly flowe. 1641 French Distill, iv. (1651) 105 This Oil of Tartar must bee made of salt of Tartar after it hath flowed FLOW. in the fire. 1737 Porn Hor. Epist. 11. i. 148 Yielding Metal flow'd to human form. ■[ b. fig. To be unsteady, waver. Obs. 1434 Misyn Mending Life 112 Se bat bou flow nott with vayn boghtis. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems vi. 47 My hert that neuir wes sicfkjir. .That never mair wald flow nor flickir. C. Ceram. To work or blend freely: said of a glaze. (Cent. Piet.) d. Of a metal: To change its form under impact or tensile or compressive strain. Cf. qnot. 1SS8 s.v. Flowing///, a. j. 3 . a. Of persons: To come or go ‘ in a stream or streams.’ Also with in, together. 1382 Wyci.if fer. xxxi. 12 Thei shul.. togidere flowen to the goodus of the Lord [1388 and thei schulen flowe togidere to the goodis of the Lord]. 1611 Bible fer. Ii. 44 The nations shall not flow together any more vnto him. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage 11. x. (1614) 160 Thence they [Iewes] flowed into other parts. 1742 Pope Dune. iv. 275 In flow’d at once a gay embroider’d race. 1817 Shelley Rev. Islam v. xli. 2 To hear the restless multitudes. .Around the base of that great Altar flow. 1878 Bosw. Smith Carthage 166 Men flowed in so plentifully that [etc.]. b. Of things material and immaterial: To move, pass as a stream. Also with away, down, in, together. 1382 Wyci.if Ecclns. Ii. 9 For the deth flowende doun I louly pre3ede. 1548 Hall Citron ., Hen. VI, 137 Thus the victory flowed some tyme on the one parte, and sometyme on the other. 1560 Bible (Genev.) fob xx. 28 The increase of his house shall go away ; it shall flow away in the day of his wrath. 1607 Hieron Wks. I. 435 The euils of the precedent ages are flowne together into this. 1651 Hobbes Lcviath. 11. xxix. 173 The Treasure of the Common wealth, flowing out of its due course. 1717 Pope Elegy Unfort. Lady 25 As into air the purer spirits flow. 1780 Coxe Russ. Disc. 18S The final success which flowed in upon him. 1816 Shelley Alastor 533 As fast years flow away. 1833 H r. Martineau Berkeley the Banker 1. vii. 141 Gold flowed in. 1878 Jewitt Ceramic Art II. viii. 350 Orders for the new kind of ware flowed in upon him. 4 . Of composition or speech; in early use of a speaker or writer: To glide along smoothly, like a river. 1585 Jas. I Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 59 The first lyne flow is weil, and the vther nathing at all. 1643 Denham Cooper's 11 . 189 Could I flow like thee [Thames], and make thy streame My great example. 1737 PorE Hor. Epist. 11. i. 266 Wit grew polite, and Numbers learn’d to flow. 1859 Kingsley Mi sc. (i860) I. 227 The most unmetrical. .passages flow with a grace, a lightness [etc.]. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf. Skirl. Ill. 252 Conversation flowed freely. 5 . Of a garment, hair, etc.: To ‘stream’; to hang loose and waving ; to lie in undulating curves. Also f of a person : To flow with (hair). 1606 B. Jonson Ilymenan Wks. (Rtldg.) 558 From the top of which [coronet] flow'd a transparent veile. 1608 — Masque Beauty Splendour Wks. (Rtldg.) 549/1 Her bright bayre loose flowing. 1648 Herrick Hcsper. 29 A Cuffe neglectful!, and thereby Ribbands to flow confusedly. 1667 Milton P. L. xi. 241 Over his lucid Amies A militarie Vest of purple flowd. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iii. 146 Grim Saturn .. flow’d with such a Mane. 1712 Congreve Ovid's Art Love in. 376 Swell’d with the wanton wind, they [her coats] loosely flow. 1782 Cowper Gilpin xlvi, A wig that flowed behind. 1810 Scott Lady of L. 11. xvi, Mark the gaudy streamers flow From their loud chanters down, a 1881 Rossetti. House of Life vii, Across my breast the abandoned hair doth flow. 6. Hath. To increase or diminish continuously by infinitesimal quantities: to ‘vary’ (in the New¬ tonian Calculus). See Fluent. 1715 Phil. Trans. XXIX. 204 When the Letter x is put for a Quantity which flows uniformly, the Symbol \ is an Unit. 1758 I. Lyons Fluxions 4, x flows from x — A \ to -r + -i 1828 Hutton Course Math. II. 304 To obtain the second fluxion it will suffice to make x n ~ x flow. + 7 . trans. ( causatively ). a. To make to (low, set flowing in, out. b. To make fluid. Obs. 1413 Pilgr. So7ole (Caxton 1483) v. i. 74 God must nedes contynuelly flowen oute his bounte. 1477 Norton Ord. Alch. v. in Ashm. (1652) 79 Liquors helpeth to flux and to flowe Manie things. 1579 Fulke Heskins 1 Pari. 21 The Church is. .verie wel compared vnto the sea, which floweth out waues from euery porch or entrie. 1635 Brathwait Arcad. Pr. it. (1635) 175, I plenteously flowed in my after- noone’s potation. c. In Founding, to permit (the molten metal) to flow through the mould long enough to carry off all air and foreign matter, in order to insure a casting free from bubbles and similar defects; to run through. (Cent. Diet. ) d. Naut. (See quot.) 1883 W. C. Russell Sailor's Lang., Flow , to let go the sheet of a head-sail. TI. To stream forth, issue in a stream. 8. To gush out, well forth, spring. Also with down, forth, out , over. £825 Vesp. Psalter lxxviifi], 20 Forfton slo;^ stan & fleowun weter. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. John xiv. 34 Hr.cdlice par fleow blod ut & waiter. C1250 Gen. fy Ex. 3875 Do flew t)or water michil and strong, a 1400-50 Alexander 1350 par flowe out of fresh wynne flodez enowe. 1574 Hyll Planting 77 When the humour thereof is somewhat flowen. 1578 Lyte Dodoens iii. xxi. 302 The sappe, when..first flowen out, is white. 1591 Spenser Ruins Time 651 Streams of blood foorth flowed on the grass, c 1724 Swift Fontinella 4 End¬ less tears flow down in streams. 1813 J. Thomson Led. Infiam. 251 The blood will continue to flow . . till the ex¬ hausted animal expires. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xxix, His tears flowed plentifully and bitterly. FLOW. b. To issue or proceed from , + of, out of some¬ thing as a source. c 1200 Ormin 4783 War & vvirrsenn toe anan Vt off hiss lie to flowenn. a 1240 Lofsong in Cott. Horn. 21 1 pet Hod bet fleaw of bine wunden. 1535 Coverdale 2 Fsdras i. 20 Dyd not I hew y e hardstone & caused water ynough to Howe thereout? 1609 J. Davies Holy Rcode (Grosart) 20/1 His Gore, That from his Blood-founts .. flow’d before. 1824 R. Stuart Hist. Steam Engine 62 Cold water is now allowed to flow from the reservoir. irons/, and fig. 1382 Wyclif Song Sol. iv. 16 BI03 thur^ my gardyn, and ther shul flowe swote spices of it. 1545 Joye Exp. Dan. Text vii. 10 Longe fyery beames lyke a floude of fyer flouwing out of him. 1632 Lithgow Trav. 11. 75 1'his City was. .the great Cisterne of Europe, whence flowed so many conduit pipes of learning. 1682 Burnet Rights Princes ii. 40 Some other reason that flowed not from him. 1713 Stf.ele Englishman No. 10. 66 His Be¬ haviour does not flow from an Hardness in his Mind. 1794 Burns A Visum vii, Frae his harp sic strains did flow. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 306 This rule flows, .from the nature of a remainder. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commiv. II. xxxvii. 27 The Authority of the State Constitutions does not flow from Congress. c. Of a person : To pour out one’s feelings. Also with out. 1677 Government Venice Ep. Ded. 3, I perceive I am flown out insensibly in your praises. 1863 Hawthorne Our Old Home , Recoil. Gifted Woman ( 1884)91 The in¬ terview lasted above an hour, during which she flowed out freely. 1864 Tennyson Aylmer’s F. 563 The mother flow’d in shallower acrimonies. + d. tratis. To pour forth in a stream. (Perh. reminiscent of the trans. use in 14 below). 1550 Ckanmer Def. 77 b, The stone that floweth water. 9 . Of the menstrual discharge. Said also of the person. 1754-64 [see Catamenia]. 1894 Duane Diet. Med., Flow , to menstruate ; especially to menstruate profusely. III. To run full; to be in flood. 10 . Of the sea, a tidal river, etc.: To rise and advance; frequent in phrase to ebb and flow: see Ebb v. 1. To flow south, tide and half tide (see quots. 1627 and 1721). Cf. Flood sb. 1. c 1050 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) VIII. 327 Seo sa; symle feower prican o55e fif lator flowS. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 177 Eft son b e se flouwetS. 13 .. E. E. A Hit. P. B. 397 Bi |>at P e flod to her fete flo3ed & waxed. 61430 Lydg. Min. Poems 196 Watir .. Now ebbithe, flowithe. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 441 Thys yere the Thaiuys did flowe three times in one daye. 1624 Heywood Gunaik. iv. 182 The waters, .were flowed eighteene cubites above their woonted compasse. 1626 Capt. Smith Accid. Vug. Seamen 17 It flowes quarter floud. 1627 — Seaman’s Gram. ( 1653) 47 It flowes Tide and halfe Tide, that is, it will be halfe flood by the shore, before it begin to flow in the channell. 1691 Swift Athenian Soc. Wks. 1755 IV. 1. 229 When the deluge first began to fall, That mighty ebb never to flow again. 1721-1800 in Bailey, It Flcnvs South [Sea Phrase] it is high Water when the Sun is at that Point at new or full Moon. 1739 Labelye Short Acc. Piers IVestm. Bridge 34 Before the Tide had flown or risen so high. 1816 Byron Prisoner Chilian vi, The massy waters ebb and flow. 1830 Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 304 In the Thames. .the tide requires about five hours to flow up. 1884 Pae Eustace 7 The tide was flowing. Jig. 1399 Langl. Rich. Redeles in. 206 Verlue wolde fllowe whan vicis were ebbid. 1600 Shaks. A. I'. L. n.vii. 72 Doth it [pride] not flow as hugely as the Sea? 1786 Burns Ded. to G. Hamilton in When ebbing life nae mair shall flow. 1817 Shelley Rev. Islam v. li. 2 The throngs which ever ebbed and flowed. 1820 Sporting Mag. VII. 25 The tide of success that flowed to Vauxhall. + 11 . To rise to a great height and overflow. In fig. phrases. To fow abtmc the hanks, to flow past shore-, to overflow. Ohs. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. cxli. (1495) 945 The ryuer Nylus was flowen and arysen. a 1625 Beaum. & Fl. False One ill. iv, Let Nylus flow, And perpetuall plenty show. fig' * 59 ° Spenser F. Q. ii. ii. 36 In wine and meats she flowd aboue the bancke. 1606 Shaks. TV. «$• Cr. v. ii. 41 You flow to great distraction. 1615 Chapman Odyss. in. 335 Grave Nestor, .flows Past shore in all experience. b. The obs. pa. ppl flown, orig. used of a stream with the sense ‘ swollen ‘ in flood ’ (see quot. c 1510), was used fig. in 17th c. of persons, and survives in allusions to Milton’s phrase. (It is doubtful whether the etymological sense was re¬ membered in the 17th c.) Cf. Highflown. r 1510 Sir R. Guilford''s Pilgrimage (Camden) 31 Cedron ..in wynter. is meruaylously flowen with rage of water y l coinmyth with grete vyolence thrugh the vale of Josophat. ✓z 1656 Usshf.r Aun. vi. (1658) 250 Being somewhat high flowen with wine. 1667 Milton P. L. 1. 501 Then wander forth the Sons Of Belial, flown with insolence and wine. 1725 Pope Odyss. 1. 292 Unseemly flown with insolence and wine. 1879 Butcher & Lang Odyss. 8 In such wise, flown with insolence, do they seem to me to revel. + 12 . Of the eyes: To become overfull, to fill of, with (tears, etc.). Obs. a 1225 Ancr. R. 64 A1 h e leor schal ulowen o teares, he sei3. <11240 Wohunge in Cott. Horn. 283 Nu min herte mai to breke, min ehne flowen al o water, c 1600 Shaks. Souu. xxx, Then can I drowne an eye (vn-vs’d to flow). c 1689 Prior To Ld. Buckhurst 19 Her eyes with tears no more will flow. 17x0 Steele Tatter No. 235 IP 3, 1 have often seen the old Man’s Heart flow at his Eyes with joy. 13 . Of wine, etc.: To be poured out without stint; also fig. + In early use of wealth, etc. (after L. aflhiD’e ): To abound. c 1000 Ags. Ps. lxi[i]. 11 [10] ]>eah |»e eow wealan to wear- mum flowen. 1490 Caxtqn Fneydos xxii. 85 Sorowes and 352 heuynesses dyde flowe at her herte in grete haboundance. 1667 Milton P. L. v. 633 Rubied nectar flows In pearl, in diamond, and massy gold. 1782 Cowper Charity 279 When thought is warm and fancy flows. 1817 Shelley Rex'. Islam ix. xvii. 2 Gold was scattered thro’ the streets, and wine Flowed at a hundred feasts. 14 . To flo 70 with (+ in, + of) : to abound in, to overflow with. Now rare exc. in Biblical phrase to flow ‘with milk and honey (Wyclif and Mande- ville, following a barbarism of the Vulgate, use the vb. in this phrase as transitive). 1382 Wyclif Exod. iii. 8 A loond that flowith [1388 with] mylk and bony. 1388 — Eccl. xi. 25 Who schal .. flowe in delicis as Y dide? 61400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xxx. 137, I sail giffe to 30W land flowande mylke and hony. 1539 Taverner Erasm. Pro?'. (1545) 53 Sucheas flowe in worldly goodes. a 1592 H. Smith Three Serin. (1624) 23 Christ so flowed now with Disciples, that [etc.]. 1678 Cudvvorth Intell. Syst. 877 The Unjust and Ungodly, often flow in all kind of Prosperity. 1781 Gibbon Decl. $ F. III. Iii. 269 A land flowing with milk and honey. 15 . trans. To cover or fill with water ; to flood. 1382 Wyclif Isa. xxviii. 17 The proteccioun watris shul flowe. 1666 Evelyn Mem. 8 May (1819) I. 386 Here I flowed the drie moate. 1712 Mortimer Hush. 11. 232 Watering..is scarce practicable, unless you have a Stream at hand to flow the Ground. 1845 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. VI. 11. 274 Care being taken not to flow the land in summer where sheep are kept. b. To cover with any liquid, as varnish or glaze, by causing it to flow over the surface. Also, To allow (a film) to flow. 1864 J. Towler Silver Sunbeam 144 The glass is filed, cleaned, and flowed with collodion, as before directed. 1889 Anthony's PJiotogr. Bull. II. 257 As if a very attenuated film of milk and water had been flowed over its surface. 10 . Of the tide: To overtake and surround (a person), dial. (See quots.) 1735 Dyche & Pardon, Flo?u, to come upon a Person or Thing greatly or hastily, like the Motion of Water when the Tide is coming in. 1875 Sussex Gloss, s.v., * If you doant mind you’ll be flown in, one of these days/ 1876 Whitby Gloss, s. v., ‘ They got flow’d on/ Hence Flow er (fl^qoi), Metallurgy, a flow-gate (see Flow sbO 9). 1881 Wylie Iron-Founding 50 The use of flo'ers or gates. Ibid. 66 According to the thickness of the part so should the size of the flow’er be. Flowage (fl^eda;). [f. Flow v. + -age.] The act of flowing; the state of being flowed or flooded. In comb . flowage-line. 1846 Worcester cites Wilkins. 1884 J. G. Pyle in Harper s Mag. Sept. 621/1 Flowage line [of a reservoir]. Flowede, obs. form of Flood. Flowe(n, obs. pa. t. and pa. pple. of Fly. Flower (flou^i, flmraj), sb. Forms: 3-4 flur(e, 3-7 flour(e, 4-7 flowr(e, (4 flor, flowur, 6 flore, Sc. flouir, 7 floor), 5- flower, (8, 9 poet, flow’r). See also Flour. [ME. flour, flur, a. OF. flour, flur, flor (Yr. flcur) = Yv. flour, flor, Sp., Pg., and Olt . flor (It. flore) L .flor-em, flos, f. Aryan root *bhlo -: see Blow z/. 2 ] 1 . A complex organ in phenogamous plants, com¬ prising a group of reproductive organs and its envelopes. In the popular use of the word, the characteristic feature of a flower is the *coloured * (not green) envelope, and the term is not applied where this is absent, unless there is obvious resem¬ blance in appearance to what is ordinarily so called. In botanical use, a flower consists normally of one or more stamens or pistils (or both), a corolla, and a calyx; but the two last arc not universally present. a 1225 Ancr. R. 340 pe treou also, opened ham & bringeS for6 misliche flures. 1382 Wyclif Job xiv. 2 As a flour goth out, and is totreden. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems Ixiv. 10 Leif nor flour fynrl could I nane of rew. 1594 Baknfield Affect. Shcpii. 1. xxvi, Thou suckst the flowre till all the sweet be gone. 1672 W. Hughes Flower Garden 31 Daffodils that have several Flowers on one Stalk. 1709 Pope Ess. Crit. 498 Like some fair flow’r the early spring supplies. 1820 Byron Mar. Fal. iii. ii, As faithless leaves drop from the o’erblown flower. 1845 Lindley Sch. Bot. i. (1858) 13 A flower, if complete in all its parts, consists of a calyx, a corolla , stamens , and a pistil. 1878 Browning La Saisiaz 20 Flower that’s full-blown tempts the butterfly. fig. a 1310 in Wright’s Lyric P. 89 Thah thou be whyt ant bryth on ble, falewen shule thy floures. 1380 Wyclif Scl. Wks. III. 30 Cristen men ..Schal no flour schewe of virtu, c 1491 Chast. Goddes Chyld. 9 A foule blindnes whiche. .dystroyeth the floures and the frutes of al goostly vertues. 1592 Shaks. Rom. <$• Jnl. n. ii. 122 This bud of Loue.. May proue a beautious Flower when next we meete. 1759 Rutty Spiritual Diary (ed. 2) 140 An extract of some sweet flowers from the scriptures. 1841 Trench Parables xii. (18771 241 Righteousness, both in its root of faith and its flower of charity. b. In Bryology, extended to denote the growth comprising the reproductive organs in mosses. 2 . transf a. The down or feathery seeds of the dandelion and thistle. ? Obs. 1530 Palsgr. 221/2 Floure of a tasyll that flyeth about all rounde, barbedieu. + b. pi. The menstrual discharge ; the menses ; = Catamenia. Obs. [After Y. flours : but this is regarded by French scholars as a corruption of flueurs : see Fluor.] c 1400 Rel. Ant. I. 190 A woman schal in the harme blede For stoppyng of hure flowrys. 1527 Andrew Brunsnyke's FLOWER. Distyll. Waters A iij, The same water .. causeth women to have her flowres, named menstruum. 1662 R. Mathew Uni. Alch. § 106 It helpeth the stopping of the Flowers. 1741 in Chambers Cycl. 1859 Todd Cycl. Anat. V. 666/2 The French term ‘ fieurs ’ and the English ‘flowers ’ are now fallen into disuse. c. Anc. Chem. (pi., earlier sing, also in form flour)': The pulverulent form of any substance, esp. as the result of condensation after sublimation. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. Ixxx. (1495) 579 Drieng and tempryng wyth vynegre it [leed] torneth in to whyte colour of floure of leed. 1641 French Distill, v. (1651) 164 Which whitenesse is partly the floures of the Nitre. 1730 Swift Death Daphne 25 Flow’r of sulphur powder’d well. 1799 Med. Jrnl. I. 162 The benzoic acid, is sufficiently known by the name of flcnvers of benzoine. 1822 I mison Sc. 4 Art II. 114 These [white flakes] have been called flowers of Zinc. 1834 Griffin Chem. Recreat. (ed. 3) 117 Flowers of benjamin, a substance obtained by sublimation from gum benzoin. 1854 j- Scoffern in Orrs Circ. Sc., Chem. 337 Powdered sulphur is known in Commerce as flowers of sulphur. d. Applied to various fungoid growths; a scum formed on wine, vinegar, etc. in fermentation. Flowers of tan : a fungus (Fuligo) growing on tan 1 leaps. 1548 Thomas Ital. Gram., Fiocchi. .flowers of wine. 1600 W. Vaughan Direct. Health (1633) 128 The Cholericke humour is hot and fiery, bitter, and like unto the flowre of wine. 1668 Phil. Trans. 21 Sept. 772 A somewhat moist and putrid matter . .which .. is called .. the Flower of this Substance [osteocolla]. 1675 Charleton Myst. Vintners 151 Reserving the Froth or Flower of it, and putting the same into small Casks. 1882 Vines Sachs' Bot. 263 The yellow plasmodia inside a tan-heap .. come to the surface, and then coalesce into the large bodies which are known as * flowers of tan 3 . A blossom considered independently of the plant, and esp. in regard to its beauty or perfume. 61275 Luue Ron 151 in O. E. Misc. 97 pu art swetture pane eny flur. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 214/491 A fair Medwe he sai3 with swete floures. a 1300 Floriz 4 Bl. 434 Flures To strawen in pe maidenes bures. 1477 Earl Rivers (C axton) Dictes 86 As the bees loue the swetest of the floures. 1508 Dunbar Gold. Targe 59 Als fresch as flouris that in May vp spredis. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII , iv. ii. 169 Strew me ouer With Maiden Flowers. 1656 Cowley Ana - crcontiqnes, A not her Epicure, Beauteous Flowers, why do we spread, Upon the Mon’ments of the Dead? 1732 Pope Ep. Cob/iam 14S We. .justly set the Gem above the Flower, b. fig. (esp. as applied to a person.) a 1225 Ancr. R. 340 Uertus beoft. .swote smellinde flures ine Godes neose. a 1310 in Wright Lyric P. 93 Blessed be thou. .Suete flur of parays. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems Ixxxv. 10 Aue Maria .. Haile, fresche flour femynyne ! 1592 Shaks. Rom. <3- Jul. 1. iii. 77 Nay hee’s a flower, in faith a very flower. 1741 Richardson Pamela (1824) I. 217 My wife told me a good deal of the beauties of your person ; but I did not think we had such a flower in our country. 1847 Tennyson Princess v. 86 And they will beat my girl Re¬ membering her mother: O my flower ! C. //. The bloom of certain plants used in Medi¬ cine (formerly also in Cookery). c 1430 T?vo Cookcry-bks. 29 Take Flourys of Vyolet, boyle hem. 1586 W. Bailey 2 Treat. Eye-sight (1633) 11 An ounce of the water of Rosemarie flowers. 1600 W. Vaughan Direct. Health (1633) 76 Halfe a handfull of the flowers of Camomill. 1652 Chamomel flowers [see Camomile 2]. 4 . A [lowering plant; a plant cultivated or esteemed for the sake of its blossoms. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems x. 41 Now spring vp flouris fra the rute .. Layout 3our levis lustely. 1593 Shaks. Liter. 870 Unwholesome weeds take root with precious flowers. 1667 Milton P. L. xi. 273 O flours That never will in other climate grow. 1725 Watts Logic 1. vi. § 3 (1822) 99 If the blossom be of most importance we call it [the plant] a flower. 1796 C. Marshall Garden, xviii. (1813) 289 Flowers .. are classed into annuals, biennials and perennials. b. In the names of various plants, as + flower of Bristol, + flower (of) Constantinople, the nonsuch, Lychnis chalccdonica; flower of Jove (see quot.); flower of the night (see quot. 1665); flower of the sun = Sunflower. 1578 Lyte Dodocns n.viii. 157 Flos Constantinopolitanus, that is to say Floure Constantinople. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 11. cxix. § 5. 380 It is called, .in English .. of some Flower of Bristowe, and Nonesuch. Ibid, ccxlvii. 612 Of the flower of the Sunne, or the Marigolde of Peru. 1665 Ray Flora 11. xvii. 195 The Mervail of Peru. .These flowers, .are to be seen late in evenings, or early in mornings, and therefore have been called the flowers of the night. 1672 W. Hughes Plainer Garden 33 Flowers of the Sun, do commonly flower about August. Ibid., Flower of Bristol, Champion or Non¬ such. 1840 Paxton Bot. Diet. 134 Flower of Jove, Lychnis flos. for is. 5 . The representation of a flower: a. in draw- ing, painting, and weaving. 61230 Hali Meid. 23 pe fiurs fiat beo 5 idrahe pron [on a gerlaundesche]. a 1300 Body 6* Soul 14 in Map’s Poems 334 Thi riche halles? 1 -peynted with so riche floures? 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 1413 Some were .. feyr peyntede wyth frute and floures. <1400 Rom. Rose 891 Nought clad in silk was he But allc in floures. <*1400-50 Alexander 1539 A vestoure to vise on of violet floures.. 1830 Tennyson Recoil. Arab. Nts. xiv, Engarlanded and diaper’d With in- wrought flowers, a cloth of gold. b. Arch. 1730-6 Bailey (folio), Flowers [in Architecture], represen¬ tations of some imaginary flowers, by way of crowning or finishing on the top of a dome. 1741 Chambers Cycl., Flower of the capital, is an ornament, .in form of a rose, in the middle of the sweep of the Corinthian abacus. c. Fruiting. (See quot. 1871.) 1771 Luckombe Hist. «$* Art Print. 287 Flowers were the FLOWER. 353 FLOWER. first Ornaments which were used at the Head of., pages. 1779 Franklin Lett. Wks. 1889 VI. 427 Did they take all the letters, (lowers, etc., etc., except the five cases of money types which you say the Congress have? 1838 Timperlf.y LVinters' Alan. 62 Flowers are used for borders. 1871 Ringwalt A mer. Encycl. Printing 172 Ftoioers, ornaments for embellishing chapter-headings, or forming tail-pieces to books. 1888 in Jacobi Printers' Poe. d. = Fleur-de-lis 2 and 3. Flower of the winds : see quot. 1S67. c 1314 Guy H’arw. (A.U18871462 He. .hit him on pe lielme so bri^t, That al he fioures fel doun ri^t. 1352 Minot Poems tx. i, The flowres that faire war Er fallen in Fraunce. 1559 W. Cunningham Cosmogr. Glassc 162 If the flower of the nedle be righte Northe from it. 1849 Rock Ch. of Pothers I. viii. 393 The favourite Anglo-Saxon kind of ornament, called the ‘ flower ’. 1867 Smyth Sailors' Word-bit., Flower of the I Finds, the mariner’s compass on maps and charts. e. + A flower-shaped branch or bowl of a candle¬ stick. Also, a piece of iron shaped like a fleur- de-lis. 1321 Test. Ebor. (Surtees} V. 128, I will that there be maid for every flowre of the candlestike a tapur of wod. 1888 Sheffield Gloss., Flower , the piece of iron which fastens a vice to a table or bench. f. An artificial flower (as an ornament). 1881 Illustr. Househ. Jml. Sept. 121/3 The most popular flowers just now for bonnet trimmings, .are made of velvet. 6. An adornment or ornament ; a precious possession, a ‘jewel’. >542-5 Brinklow Lament. 9 London beyng one of the flowers of the worlde as touchinge worldlye riches. 1606 Shaks. Tr. ft Cr. 1. ii. 203 That's AHneas. .hee’s one of the flowers of Troy. 1647 AIav Hist. Pari. 11. iii. 40 The nomination of any persons to those places, he will reserve to himself, it being a principal and inseparable flower of his Crown. 1677 Yarranton Eng. Imfrov. 63 The Dutch robbed of one of their greatest Flowers. 1783-94 Blake Songs Innoc., Holy Thursday 5 O what a multitude they seem'd, these flowers of London town. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 219 The power of pardoning .. a precious prerogative which .. even the Whigs allowed to be a flower properly belonging to the Crown. t b. phr. To bear, fang, have the flower (of ): to gain the victory, to have preeminence (among). c 1310 Pol. Songs (Camden) 248 Is Edward ded ? Of Christendome he her the flour! a 1400-50 A lexander 500 And bar be floure in be Aide I fangid (mi'3e himselfe. Ibid. 2603 For he [>at folows hase be floure ■ & he flees neuer. CI 435 Torr. Portugal 2595 Torent the floure away bare. t c. Virginity. Ohs. a 1300 Fall Sf Passion 52 in E. E. P. (1862) 14 Maid here heuen king, .ber for sso ne les no3t hir flu re. 1393 Cower Con/. II. 334 O Pallas noble quene .. Help, that I lese nought my flour. d. An embellishment or ornament (of speech) ; a choice phrase, rare in sing. 1508 Dunbar Gold. Targe 117 Thare was Mercurius, wise and eloquent, Of rethorike that fand the flouris faire. 1533 Udall ( title) Flovres for Latyne Spekynge, selected and gathered oute of Terence. 1665 Boyle Occas. Refl. v. i. (1845) 298 Discourses not tricked up with Flowers of Rhe- torick. 1779 Sheridan Critic 1. i, Your occasional tropes and flowers suit the general coarseness of your style, as tambour sprigs would a ground of linsey-woolsey. 1819 Moore Tom Crib's Mem. (ed. 3) 41 Bob's harangue, 'Twas deuced fine .. All full of flowers. 1873 Dixon Ti vo Queens III. xv. iii. 145 Ulrich von Hutten heard Italian orators smother them * in flowers of speech 7 . The choicest individual or individuals among a number of persons or things; ‘ the pick \ Floiver of Chivalry , etc., may belong to this sense or to 9, according as the accompanying sb. is taken as abstr. or concr. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 257 Moder milde flur of alle. 1297 R. Gi.ouc. (1724) 433 pe noble tour, pat of all be tours of Engeiond ys yholde flour. ? 1370 Root, Cicyle 50 He was of chevalrye the floure. 1508 Dunbar Poems iv. 50 The noble Chaucer, ofmakaris flouir. 1548 Hall Chron.,Hen.IV (an. 1) 17 b, There wer slain the flower of all Loughdean. 1579 Tomson Calvin s Semi. Tim. 1017/2 They were the flowre .. of the Elect. 1581 Mulcaster Positions xxxix. (1887) 197 Noblemen, which be the flowre of gentilitie. 1649 Bp. Hall Cases Consc. 443 S. Ambrose, and S. Augustine (the flower of the Latine fathers).. doe bitterly oppose it. 1764 Mem. G. PSalmanazar 74 Yet I was always singled out as the flower of the flock. 1783 Watson Philip III 1. (1839) 49 They had consented to his selecting the flower of the English forces. 1800-24 Campbell Brave Roland vi, Roland, the flower of chivalry. 1847 Tennyson Princess v. 277, I take her for the flower of womankind. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 348 The London clergy, then universally acknowledged to be the flower of their profes¬ sion, held a meeting. 8. The best, choicest, most attractive or desirable part or product of anything, material or imma¬ terial ; the essence, quintessence; also c the gist * (of a matter). The earliest appearance of this sense in English is in the specific application now differentiated as Flour sb., q.v. 1568 Tilney Disc. Mariage A viij, Matromonie .. con¬ tained the felicity of man’s life, the Flower of Friendship. 1599 H. Buttes Dyets drie Dinner N v, Creame .. Flos lactis. Rightly so tearmed by the Latines, for it is the very flower of milke, as also butter is the flower of Creame. 1630 R. Johnsons Kingd. $ Commw. 351 The flower of gaine and emolument to this State. 1685 Baxter Paraph. N. T., Phil. iv. 4 That holy joy in the Lord is that Flower of Religion which all Christians should desire, a 1732 Gay Fables, Man , Cat , Dog «$• Fly 124, I sip the tea's delicious flower. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. III. iii. v. The flower of the matter is, that they are but nine; that they sit in secret. 1842 Tennyson E. Morris 69 Thrice-happy days ! The flower of each, those moments when we met. 1871 Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (1879) II. ii. 27 Here we have the flower and outcome of Newton’s induction. VOL. IV. 9 . The brightest and fairest example or embodi¬ ment of any quality. Cf. Pink. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 213 Syre Wawein ys neueu, flour of corteysye. ^1386 Chaucer Monk's T. to 7 In his tyme of strengthe he [Hercules] was the flour, c 1450 Crt. of Love 3.The floure of porte in womanhede. 1508 Dunbar Poems vii. 81 Prynce of fredom, and flour of gentilnes. 1581 Sidney Astr. <$• Stella xeix, Moines messenger .. Cals each wight to salute the floure of blisse. 1592 Shaks. Rom. <$• Jul. 11. v. 44 He is not the flower of curtesie. 1611 Coryat Crudities 353 Cicero, Hortensius, Caesar, and those other selected flowers of eloquence. 1859 Tennyson Elaine 113 Lancelot, the flower of bravery. 10 . The state or condition of being in bloom or blossom ; in phrases in J.lower , + in {their) flowers. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 209 His Limes were first in Flow’rs.. 1701 Lond. Gaz. No. 3697/4 Ranunculos's, and Tulips, in their Flowers. 1712 Addison Sped. No. 414 p 5 An Orchard in Flower looks .. more delightful than .. the most finished Parterre. + b. transf of birds. Ohs. 1607 Serpents (i6$8) 654 Young birds, .are in their full flowre ere one be a ware. 1655 Stanley Hist. Philos . 1. (1701) 29/2 Cocks, Pheasants, and Peacocks .. are much more beautiful in their natural flower. 11 . Of persons ; The period or state of 1 bloom ', vigour, or prosperity, a. The prime (of life), the bloom (of youth); esp. in phrases, f in youth's flowers, in the flower of one's age . 1508 Dunbar Twa mariit women 170 A 3oung man ryght 3aip, bot nought in ^outhfis] flouris. 1548 Hall Chroti., Hen. IV (an. 13) 32 Taken prisoner and so remained in Englande .. till the flower of his age was passed or sore blemyshed. 1577 Northbrooke Dicing (1843) 41 Let not the floure of life passe by us. 1647-8 Cotterell Davilas Hist. Fr. (1678) 4 In the first flower of his age. 1733 Pope Hor. Sat. if. i. 102 In flow’r of age you perish for a song ! 1827 Scott Jml. 4 Aug., He is a man in the flower of life, about thirty. 1830 Tennyson Lady Clara ii, A simple maiden in her flower Is worth a hundred coats-of-arms. 1863 Mary Howitt F. Bremer's G?‘eece I. viii. 257 They were in the flower of youth and beauty. + b. The state or condition of greatest eminence, fame, prosperity, etc. Chiefly phr. in one's flower(s. c 1380 Wyclif Serin. Sel. Wks. I. 316 pe Emperour of Rome was panne in his flouris. ^1386 Chaucer Knt's T. 2190 A man hath most honour To dyen in his excellence and flour. ? a 1500 Chester PI. (E. E. T. S.) 434 Alas ! now fallen is my flower ! 1547-64 Bauldwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) 2 In which time iEsopus the orator was in his flower. 1550 Coverdale Bk. Death 1. xl. 158 Whyle a man is in his floures of health. 1665 J. Webb Stone-Heng (1725) 207 Jeffery Monmouth was in his Flower Anno 1156. + c. Bloom or beauty. Obs. 1608 Shaks. Per. hi. ii. 96 See how she gins to blow Into life’s flower again ! 12 . Simple attrib., as flower-bed, -bell, -border, -court, -garden, -garland, -plat, -plot, -root, -sheath , -show, -spike, -stand, -stick, -time, -tree. 1873 Longf. Wayside Inn , Landlord's T., Sir Christopher 41 A modest ^flower-bed thickly sown with sweet alyssum. 1830 Tennyson Isabel iii, The stem, which else had fallen quite With cluster’d *flower-bells. 1712 J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 36 A *Flower-Border. 1824 Miss Mit- ford Village Ser. 1. (1863)234 She was. .delving and digging in her flower-border. 1828 Ibid. Ser. iii. (1863) 25 Behind the house is an ample kitchen-garden, and before, a neat *flower-court. 1672 W. Hughes {titled, The *Flower-Garden. 1841 Lane Arab. Nts. I. 96 The court resembled a flower- garden. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synnegg/ 5 y^P ou euer.. Dedyst *floure gerlande or coroune To make wommen to gadyr. 1796 Plain Sense II. 49 The little *flower plat put forth its beauties. 1854 Hawthorne Eng. Note-bks. (1870) II. 307 Suburban villas..with fancifully ornamented flower- plats before them. 1644 J. Sergeant in Dighy Nat. Bodies (1645) *2 a, Yours is a *Flower-plot pav'd by Truth’s rich Gold. 1838 Thiri.wall Greece III. xx. 140 A little flower- plot, the superfluous ornament of a rich man’s estate. 1664 Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 208 Such Plants and * Flower- Roots as endure not well out of the Ground. 1824 Miss Mitford Village Ser. 1. (1863) 241 Flower-roots, sundry boxes of books, a piano-forte. 1859 Tennyson Enid 365 A blossom vermeil-white, That lightly breaks a faded *flower-sheath. 1845 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. I. 316, I went, .to a *flower-show in the Botanical Gardens. 1845 F lorist's Jml. 35 * Flower- spike from 2 to 3 feet long. 1838 Lytton Alice 125 [She] busied herself with a ^flower-stand in the recess. 1881 Young Ev. Man his own Mechanic § 708 *Flower-sticks may be square or round, according to the fancy of the maker. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets v. 127 This was the ^flower-time of the Aeolians, their brief and brilliant spring. 4:1710 c. Fiennes Diary (1888) 142 All sort of Greens and ^flower trees. b. objective, as flower-gatherer, -maker, -painter, -vendor ; flower-making, -painting, vbl. sbs. ; flower-bearing, -breeding, -infolding, -sucking adjs. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 422 Gramineae .. normally *flower-bearing (but sometimes also empty) glumes. 1891 Daily News ^ Feb. 5/7 Behind the hearse there was a body of flower-bearing mutes. 1767 G. S. Carf.y Hills of Hybla 1 O’er. .*flower-breeding vales. 1611 Speed TJieat. Gt. Brit. xliv. 87/1 So the *flower gatherer of Westminster recordeth. 1821 Shelley Prometh. Unb. 11. i, The ^flower-infolding buds Burst on yon lightning-blasted almond-tree. 1809 Han. More Ccelebs (ed. 3) I. 145 The street where the poor *flower-maker lived. 1884 Beck Draper's Did. 130 Dyed feathers when used in *flower-making are .. apt to fade. 1711 Shaftesb. Charac. (1737) III. 349 The mere *flower- painter is .. oblig’d to study the form of festons. 1854 Fairhoi.t Diet. Terms Art , * Flower-painting .. may be said to have asserted its proper place as an Art sui generis in the seventeenth century. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. xv. (1626) 313 *Flowre-sucking Bees. 1861 Crt. Life at Naples I. 207 The beggars and ^flower-vendors sought shady nooks. c. instrumental,as flower-bespangled,-besprinkled, -crowned, -decked, - embroidered, -enamelled, -in- woven, -sprinkled, -strewn, -teeming adjs. 1883 Stevenson Silverado St/. (1886) 20 Thicket, still fragrant and still ^flower-bespangled. 1851 Longf. Gold. Leg. iii. So. in front Cathedra /, It looks like a * flower- besprinkled meadow. 1606 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. iv. Magnif. 808 The *flowr-crown’d People, swarming on the Green. 1870 Bryant Iliad I. viii. 248 Bowls of wine flower-crowned. 1805 Wordsw. Prelude iv. (1888) 262/1, I had left a * flower-decked room. 1747 Ld. G. Lyttelton Monody v. 58 Sequester'd dales And fiower-embroider’d vales. 1603 Drayton Bar. JVarsv. xviii. Along the *flow'r enamell’d vales The silver Trent, .doth slide. 1629 Milton Nativity 187 With ^flower-inwoven tresses torn The nymphs in twilight shade of tangled thickets mourn. 1859 Geo. Eliot A. Bede 13 The scythe being whetted makes us cast more lingering looks at the ^flower-sprinkled tresses of the meadows. 1847 Mary Howitt Ballads etc. 363 The *flower- strewn earth is wondrous fair. 1838 Miss Pardoe River <$• Desert II. 43 A *flower-teeming land. d. parasynthetic and similalive, as flower-faced, -like, -shaped, -soft, -wise adjs.; flower-like, -wise advs. 1881 Rita ATy Laity Coquette I. iii, He glances down at the slim, 'flower-faced maiden. 1604 Rowlands Looke to it 47 *Flower-like they wither and decay 1846 Ellis Elgin Atari. I. 28 Surmounted by a flower-like ornament. 1836-7 Todd Cycl. Anat. II. 414/1 Tubes, ending in ^flower- shaped capsules. 1606 Shaks. Ant. ,y Cl. n. ii. 21s The Silken Tackle, Swell with the touches of those *Flower-soft hands. 1865 Swinburne Atalanta 213 [Grief shall come] *Flower-wise upon the old root of tears brought forth. 13 . Special comb.: flower-animals, a book- name for the Anthozoa; flower-book, a book in which (a) drawings of flowers are made; ( b ) col¬ lected flowers are preserved; flower-bug, U.S., the popular name of various small hemipterous insects which frequent the blossoms of flowering plants, as the species of Anthocoris {Cent. Diet .); flower-cup, ( a) the calyx; {b) the cup-shaped receptacle formed by a flower ; flower-fence, the plant Poinciana pulchcrrima ; flower-girl, a girl who sells flowers; flower-head, an inflorescence consisting of a close cluster of sessile florets; flower-honey (see quot.) ; flower-knot, a small flower-bed arranged in a pattern ; flower-leaf, a petal; flower-pecker, (a) a name for birds of the family Dicxidx ; (b) ‘ an American honey-creeper or guitguit of the family Ccerebidx' {Cent. Diet.) ; flower-piece, (a) a picture with flowers for its subject; {b) an arrangement of flowers; flower- stalk, the peduncle supporting the flower or flower- head; flower-water, distilled water containing the essential oil of flowers; flower-work, a represen¬ tation of flowers in weaving, carving, etc. 1840 F. D. Bennett Whaling Voy. I. 177 The elegant *flower-animal, Diazonta , is found on the barrier-reef. 1846 Dana Zooph. i. (1848) 7 The forms of life under consideration ..are appropriately styled flower-animals. 1753-4 Shen- stone Poet. Wks. (1854) T 37 ( 'title ) Written in a *flower book of my own colouring. 1857 Thoreau Maine IV. (1894) 277, I used some thin and delicate sheets of this hark ..in my flower-hook. 1756 P. Browne Jamaica 140 The *flower-cups are cut into four deep segments at the margin. i860 Tyas Wild FI. 41 The flower cup consists of two obtuse lips. 1786 Rees Cycl ., Barbadoes *Jlower-fence , poinciana .. is planted in hedges, to divide the lands in Barbadoes, from whence it had the title of flower-fence. 1882 J. Smith Did. Econ. Plants , Floiver fence, a name in India for Cxsalpinia (Poinciana) pulcherrima. 1789 Mrs. Piozzi Journ. France I. 236 * Flower-girls with baskets. 1889 Tablet 3 Aug. 167 There are two classes of flower-girl—the day-sellers and the night-sellers. 1845 Lindley Sch. Bot. i. (1858) 12 The * flower-head\ when all the flowers are sessile upon a broad plate .. as in the Daisy. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb . iv. 184 There is three soi tes of Hony, the best kinde is that which is called . .*flowre Hony, made in the springtime. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 316 Floure-honey. 1770 Armstrong Misc . II. 142 The sweet green, .is the predominant colour; while the gaudy flowers, .are carelessly interspersed. This is infinitely more pleasing and beautiful than .. a *flower- knot. 1893 S. E. Wore. Gloss ., Flower-knot, a small flower bed. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Dipetalous Flower.. is that which has two *Flower Leaves, i860 Oliver Less. Bot. (1873) 4 Whether it be green, as are foliage-leaves, or coloured, as are flower-leaves. 1885 H. O. Forbes Nat. Wand. E. Archip . vi. 212 Little flocks of the small green -Flower-pecker (Zosterops). a 1784 Johnson Wks. (1816) I. 334 A room hung with ^flower-pieces of her own painting. 1789 Pilkington View Derbysh. I. 415 Three inches of its "flowerstalk may he seen above the surface. 1886 U. S. Consular Rep. No. lxviii. 581 *Flower waters are produced by <$hiinary distillation, in which the flowers are boiled with water in large alembics. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 228 Rohes .. wrought thick with *floure-worke, resembling poppies. 1848 Rickman Archil. 211 The benches, .present in their ends and fronts, combinations of panelling and flower-work. 1865 E. Burritt Walk to Land’s End 193 It is a pity, .such flower-work [lace] should he so poorly paid. Flower (flaivsj), v. Forms: 4-7 flour(e, 5-7 fiowr, (5 flore), 6- flower, [f. prec. sb. Ct. OY.florir (mod.F .fleurir), L.flbrere.] 1 . intr. To bloom or blossom; to come into bloom, produce flowers. Of a flower : To expand, open. 13.. K. Alis. 2904 pe medes flourep, )>e foules syngcp 13 .. E. E. A Hit. P. A. 270 A rose, pat flowred and fayled as kynd hit gef. 1393 Gower Conf. II. 266 A drie 45 FLOWERAGE. % 354 FLOWERY. braunche.. which anon gan floure and here, c 1440 Prom/. Pam>. 168/1 Flowryn. 1578 Lyte Dodoens v. lxxx. 651 The vine flowreth in high and base Germanie. .about the beginning of June. 1672 Grew Anat. Plants, Idea Philos. Hist. (1682) § 14 Plants, which flower all the Year. 1712 Addison Sheet. No. 418 P 8 His Rose-trees, Wood-bines and Jessamines may flower together. 1842 N. B. Ward Closed Cases PI. iii. (1852) 51 All these [plants] flowered well. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets v. 128 Olive-groves., where the cyclamen and violet flowered with feathery maiden-hair. b. fig. Also with out. f To flower off: (of reflexions) to arise spontaneously in the treatment of a subject. <71225 After. R. 340 Mi vlesch is iflured & bicumen al neowe. c 1374. Chaucer A net. <$• Arc. 306 Your chere floureth, but hit wol not sede. 1642 More Song of Soul nr. hi. xxxviii. 1 Whose drooping phansie never flowred out. 1644 Milton Edtic. Whs. (1738) I. 135 If you can accept of these few Observations which have flowr’d oft*. 1846 Landor Imag. Conv. Wks. II. 34 The thorny and bitter aloe of dissension required less than a century to flower on the steps of your temple. 1859 Hawthorne Marb. Faun xxxiv. (1883) 358 The medieval front of the cathedral, where the imagination of a Gothic architect had long ago flowered out indestructibly. 1885 Ci.odd Myths <$• Dr. 11. i. 146 The germs of those capacities which .. have flowered in the noblest and wisest of our race. c. trans. (causatively). To cause (a plant) to bloom ; to bring into blossom or flower. 1850 Florist Mar. 66 They winter better in the pots they were flowered in. 1887 Baring-Gould Gold. Feather xii, Azaleas which were, .put under glass and flowered. 12 . transf. Of beer and wine : a. To froth, mantle. Obs. 1382 Wyclif Prov. xxiii. 31 Ne beholde .. the win, whan it floureth. 1530 Palsgr. 552/2 This ale floureth better in a good drinkers eye. a 1592 Greene & Lodge Looking Glasse Wks. (Rtldg.) 127/2 All Nineveh hath not such a cup of ale, it flowers in the cup. 1694 Westmacott Script. Herb. 22 It makes beer to mantle, flower, and smile at you. 1750 W. Ellis Country Housewife's Fam. Comp. 187 If a little wheat-bran is boiled in our ordinary beer, it will cause it to mantle or flower in the cup, when it is poured out. fb. To become turbid. Obs. 1682 A rt Myst. Vintners iv. § 17 Rack [sack] into another Cask, and it will not then flower nor be ill-conclitioned. t c. trans. To spice (wine). Obs. 1682 Art <5- Myst. Vintners 1. § 28 To flower a Butt of Muskadine. f 3 . intr. To be in or attain the 1 flower’ or height of one’s beauty, fame, or prosperity (also with up ); to prosper, be distinguished; to thrive or be distinguished in, of or with (a specified thing); to abound; = Flourish v. 3, 4. Obs, 1340 Ayenb. 28 Ase ine yere j? et wel floure^ ine guode. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth . v. pr. v. 131 Forto dwellen in hys Citee and flouren of rychesses. c 1430 Lydg. Bochas 1. viii. (1544) 12 b, While he floured in his worthines He toke a wyfe of excellent fayrenes. Ibid. 1. iv. (1544) 8 Flouryng up in her tender age This sayd Isis so pleasaunt was and mete. 1494 Fabyan Chron. v. cxl. § 125 In this tyme flowryd H ermafreditus. 1513 Bradshaw St. Werburge I. 327 This Redwalde had ,ii. sones flourynge in chyualrye. 1531 Elyot Gov. i. xi, That noble clerke of Almaine, which late floured, called Agricola. f 4 . trans. To adorn or cover with or as with flowers or a flower; to decorate; to serve as a decoration for. Also with over. Obs, 1577-8 Holinshed Chron. (1808) IV. 870 He. .floured the top of the castell of Dublin with the archrebels head. 1630 R. Johnsons Kingd. and Commw. 290 The Chambers are flowerd with coloured Marbles, and garnished. 1645 Rutherford Tryal # Tri. Faith (1845) 11 Christ, who perfumeth and flovvereth heaven with his royal presence. c 1650 Robin Hood <$• Three Squires 66 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 18 Thou shalt be the first man shall flower this gallow tree. 1791 W. Bartram Carolina 161 Its thick foliage .. is flowered over with large milk-white fragrant blossoms. 5 . To embellish with figures of flowers or a floral design ; to work flowers upon. 16 .. Young Tam Lane iii. in Child Ballads 11. (1884) 352/1 I’ll away to Carterhaugh, And flower mysell the gown. 1699 Dampier Voy II. 1. 61 The Pelongs and Gaws, are., either plain or flower’d. 1741 Richardson Pafftela (1824) I. xix. 30 Mrs. Jervis shewed my master the waistcoat I am flowering for him. 1838 Miss Mitford in Tail's Mag. V. 165 The form of a heather sprig suggested an apron that she was flowering. 1857 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 377 Ann flowered me a most lovely collar. transf. and fig-. 1853 M. Arnold Poems, Sohrab at suld o rote o iesse spring. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 313 The Spirits, .become Dull, and the Drinkedead, which ought to haue a little Flouring. 1634 T. Johnson Parry's Chirurg. 111. iii. 88 A certaine drie flouring, or production of the true skinne. 1864 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. (1865) IV. xii. vii. 171 His dressing-gown, a grand yellow silky article with silver flowerings. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., Flowering , j the phenomenon observed usually in connection with the ; spawning of fish, at the distance of four leagues from shore. The water appears to be saturated with a thick jelly, filled with the ova of fish. 3 . attrib. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xvi. 31 pe flesshe is a fel wynde, and in flourynge-tyme porw lykyng and lustes so loude he I gynneth blowe. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 300 Primula scotica. .has three flowering seasons. 1879 O. W. Holmes Motley i. 5 The. .* flowering time of Authorship Flowering (flciu^riij), ///. a. [f. as prec. + -ing 2 .] That flowers, in various senses. 1 . a. That is in bloom; b. that bears flowers or blossoms. a. 1592 Wyrley A rmorie 143 Worldly triumphs are like to flowering gras. 1697 Drydf.n Virg. Georg. 1. 272 Mark well the flowring Almonds in the Wood. b. 1745 Bp. Pococke Descr. East (1889) II. 141 Clumps of evergreen and flowering plants. 1818 Miss Mitford in L’Estrange Life II. xi. 30 The luxury of that fresh, growing, perfume, a flowering shrub in full bloom. 1872 Oliver Elem.Bot. 1. v. 53 Each flower [of Wheat] is enclosed be¬ tween a flowering-glume and a pale. 1884 Rita Vivienne 1. i, A broad white road..bordered..by flowering chestnuts. c. Often in plant-names; as Flowering ash, box, cwTantyfem, etc. (see the sbs.). f 2 . Flourishing, vigorous ; that is in one’s bloom or prime. Floiuering age , life , youth : the bloom or prime of age, life, or youth. Obs. c 1400 Rom. Rose 6259 The gode thought and the worching, That maketh religioun flowring, a 1450 Fysshynge with Angle {1 883) 1 A glad spirit maket a flowryng age. 1558 Phaer AEneid vii. V ij b, The bodies twayne Of Almon, flouring lad, and good Galesus fouly slayne. 1586 Warner Alb. Eng. 11. x. 41 The one was in her flowring age, the other too too old. 1591 Siiaks. i Hen. VI, 11. v. 56 That cause .. that..hath detayn’d nie all my flowring Youth, Within a loathsome Dungeon. 1621 Burton Anat. Met. 11. iii. iii. (1651) 327 ’Tis no dishonour ..for a flouring man, City, or State to come to ruine. 3 . Covered with or abounding in flowers or figures of flowers ; = Flowery. Also, pertaining to or issuing from flowers. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, iii. i. 228 The Snake, roll’d in a flowring Banke. 1642 H. More Song of Soul 1.1. lvii, This floting flouring changeable array. 1667 Milton P. L.\. 293 Groves of Myrrhe, And flouring Odours. 1871 R. Ellis Catullus lxi. 91 A flowering Garden, trimm’d for a lord’s delight. j Flowerist. Obs. [f. Flower sb. + -ist.] = Florist. 1694 Westmacott Script. Herb. 181 Saffron, .hath many kindred ..which are propagated in the Gardens of curious Flowerists. 1708 Lofui. Gaz. No. 4479/8 Charles Blackwell, Seedsman and Flow’rist. 1713 J. Petiver in Phil. Trans. XXVIII. 206 A French Flowerist first communicated this to Cornutus. Flowerless (flam>*.iles), a. [f. as prec. 4- -less.] Without flower or bloom; spec, in Bot., flower less plant — Cryptogam. <11500 Chaucer's Dremc i860 An herbe he brought, fiourelesse, all greene. 1806 J. Grahame Birds Scot. 99 Lays his silvered head upon the flowerless bank. 1835 Lindley Jntrod. Bot. (1848) II. 88 The Antherids of Flowerless plants. b. Unadorned with flowers. 1892 M. Field Sight Song 86 Three virgins, flower¬ less, slow of step. 1895 Pall Mall Mag. Mar. 403 The room had a bleak flowerless look. Hence riowerlessness, the condition or quality of being flowerless. 1855 in Ogilvie Su/p. 1895 A. Austin in Blackw. Mag. Nov., 641/2 Another apologist for the flowerlessness of Irish peasant dwellings. Plower-pot, flowerpot (flcuwip^t). 1 . A vessel, most commonly of red earthenware and slightly tapering downwards, to contain soil in which flowers may be planted. 1598 Florio s. v. Grasta , Flowerpots or lillypots. 1692-3 Queen's Coll. Acc. in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) III. 385 A Blew flower-pott for the Parlour. 1780 Coxe Russ. Disc. 223 An open gallery, adorned on both sides with flower¬ pots. 1856 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 288, I brought two live plants in flower-pots. 2 . (See quot.) 1842 Francis Did. Arts, Flovucr Pot, a particular kind of fire-work, that when ignited throws out a fountain of vivid spur-shaped sparks. Flowery (fluu°Ti), a. [f. Flower sb. + -y 1 .] 1 . Abounding in or covered with flowers; pro¬ ducing flowers. 13.. E. E. Allii. P. A. 57, I felle vpon )>at floury fla^t. C1374 Chaucer Bocth. jv. metr. vi. iii (Cambr. MS.) The FLOWING. 355 FLUCTUANT. floury }er [prig. florifcr annus], c 1586 C’tess Pembroke Ps. xcii. iii, The wicked grow Like frailc, though flowry grasse. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. iv. i. 1 Come, sit thee downe vpon this flowry bed. 1630 Milton Song May Morn ., The flowery May, who from her green lap throws The yellow cowslip. <1x751 Doddridge Hymns (1758) 38 The flow’ry Spring at thy Command Embalms the Air. 1781 CowrER Retirement 179 The fruits that hang on pleasure’s flowery stem. 1808 J. 1 »arlow Coin mb. 1. 91 No more thy flowery vales I travel o’er. b. In plant-names, f Flowery Cole = Cauli¬ flower. 1578 Lyte Dodoensiv. vi. 554 The thirde kinde is called ..in English, Flowrie Cole, or Cypres Colewurtes. 1853 G. Johnston Dot. E. Borders 171 Che nop odium bonus IIcurious, F 1 owery- Docken. + 2 . Flourishing, vigorous. Obs.— 1 a 1420 Hoccleve Dc Reg. Princ. 877 Now age unorne away puttethe favour, That floury youthe in his cesoun conquerde. 3 . Composed of flowers; having the nature of flowers; proceeding from or characteristic of flowers. x 635~56 Cowley Davideis 1. 236 Neighbring Hermon sweated flowry dew. 1648 Jos. Beaumont Psyche xix. ccxl, Herby and floury Gallantry combine Their fairest powers to make her [Earth's] mantle fine. 1712 Pope Ep. Miss Blount 65 As flow’ry bands in wantonness are worn. 1727-46 Thomson Summer 212 The flowery race .. their new-flushed bloom resign. 1791 Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest i, She viewed the flowery luxuriance of the turf. 1856 Kane A ret. Expl. I. xxi. 266 The first warm snows.. enshrine the flowery growths. 4 . dial. (See quot.) 1674-91 Ray N. C. I Fords, Flowry, florid, handsom, fair, of a good complexion. 1787-90 in Grose Provinc. Gloss. 1838 in Holloway Diet.Provinc. 5 . Ornamented with figures of ilowers or floral designs. 1667 Milton P. L. xi. 881 As a flourie verge, to binde The. .skirts of that same watrie Cloud. 1725 Pope Odyss. in. 596 O’er his fair limbs a flowery vest he threw. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. v, There was a flowery carpet on the floor. 6. Abounding in Ilowers of speech; full of fine words and showy expressions, florid. 1603 Shaks. Meas. for M. in. i. 83 Thinke you I can a resolution fetch From flowrie tendernesse? 1737 Pope Hor. Ep. 11. i. 146 And every flowery courtier writ romance. 1767 Sir W. Jonf.s Seven Fount. Poems (1777) 43 Bowers which oft in flowery lays. .Arabian poets praise. 1784 Bage Barham Downs I. 275 Certain flowery gentlemen, who told us, in very pretty language .. that [etc.]. 1824 Syd. Smith Whs. (1867) IF 1 9 I The answer, .was plain and practical; not flowery. 1879 Dixon Windsor II. xvi. 176 A man of flowery tongue. 7 . Afcr. = Fleury. 1681 T. Jordan London's Joy 9 A Double Treasure flowry Counter flowry Mars. 1771 Kimber & Johnson Baronetage Eng. III. 387 Flowery. This word signifies flowered, or adorned with the French lily. 8. Co nib., as flowery-kirtied, -mantled. 1621 G. Sandys Ovids Met. 11. (1626) 32 She. .makes The flowry-mantled Earth her happy bed. 1634 Milton Cornu s 254 Amidst the flowery-kirtled Naiades. 1810 Associate Minstr. 75 The flowery-mantled Spring. Hence Flow erily adv., in a flowery manner. Flow eriness, the quality of being flowery. 1730-6 in Bailey (folio), Floweriness. 1783 Blair Led. I. xx. 422 That agreeable floweriness of fancy and style. 1821 New Monthly Mag. II. 176 The flowery ness and green over¬ growth of the past season. 1886 Pall Mall G. 31 Dec. 4/2 The critical judgment so flowerily expressed. 1890 Temple Bar Mag. July 440 All the neighbourhood, he remarked, flowerily, was talking, .about Miss Arden’s tulip-beds. Plowing vbl. sb. [f. Flow v. + -ing F] 1. The action of the vb. Flow in various senses. 6950 Lindisf. Gosp . Matt. ix. 20 Wif Siu blodes flouing £e'oolade tuelf uinter. c 1440 Promp. Par:'. 168/1 Flowynge of fie watur, fluxus. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Ay won xxviii. 589 Soogrete a flowynge and gaderynge of the people. 1585 Jas. I. Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 54 They obseruit not Flow¬ ing, nor eschewit not Ryming in termes. 1642 Howell For. Trav. 42 We must have perpetuall ebbings and flow¬ ings of mirth and melancholy. 1704 Swift T. Tub v. (1709) 77 The happy turns and flowings of the author’s wit. 1705 Addison Italy 513 The.. Flo wings in of the Holy Spirit. 1807 J. E. Smith Phys. Bot. 63 This great motion, called the flowing, of the sap. 1853 Sir H. Douglas Milit. Bridges 2 The flowing of water in a river. 2 . concr. a. That which Hows, that which streams forth, a stream, a wave; also transf. a ‘ stream ’ or herd of animals. Now rare. 1382 Wyclif Ps. xcii[i], 3 Flodis rereden vp ther flowingis. — Isa. lx. 6 The flowyng of camailes shal couere thee. 1388 — Josh. v. 1 The Lord hadden dried the flowyngis of Jordan bifor the sones of Israel. a 1679 T. Goodwin IVk. Holy Ghost 1. ix. Wks. 1704 V. 57 The Sun .. whose Emanations and flowings forth they are. 1844 Upton Physioglyphics ii. 81 These rivers, were what I may term flowings, which may refer to any other fluid as well as water, fb. An overflowing; a flood. Obs. <11340 Hampole Psalter xxviii. 9 Lord fie flowynge makis into wone. 1382 Wyclif Isa. xliv. 3, I shal heelden out .. flowingus vp on the drie. 1661 Sir E. Turner Sp. to King in Pari. Hist. (i8o8> IV. 244 Your return into this nation .. resembles the flowing of the river Nilus. 1663 in Picton IT pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 328 For preserving of y° same from y' stormes and flowings of y e sea. 3 . Naut. (See quot.). Cf. Flow v. 6 b. 1769-76 Falconer Diet. Marine, Flmving, the position of the sheets, or lower corners of the principal sails, when they are loosened to the wind. 4 . attrib., as flowing-capacity. 1895 Wes tin. Gaz. 4 June 3/3 The new aqueduct has a flowing capacity of 300,000,000 gallons a day. Flowing (flJwMij), ppl. a. [f. as prcc. t -inc 2 .] 1 . That flows, in various senses of the vb. Flowing metal : see quot. 18S8. a 1000 Byrhtnoth 65 (Gr.) pan - com flowende flod a:fter ebban. a 1300 Cursor M. 20882 (Gott.) Apon fie flouand see he 3ode. 1388 Wyclif Isa. lxvi. 12 A flowynge streem. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas, xxxiv. xxii, After an ebbe there commcth a flowyng tyde. 1698 Froger Voy. 76 Where the Shallops ride at flowing Water. 1700 Blackmore Job 2 To pass the flowing hours in soft delight. 1825 A. Cun¬ ningham Song, A wet sheet and a flowing sea. 1841-4 Emerson Ess., Poet Wks. (Bohn) I. 166 Plato defines a line to be a flowing point. 1867 Ore's Diet. Arts (ed. 6) III. 404 s. v. Petroleum, The first great flowing well at Ennis¬ killen. 1888 Lockwoods Diet. Mcch. Eng in., Flowing Metals , metals of the ductile class which. .change their form, under impact, or tensile or compressive strain. +b. Math. Continuously varying by infinitesimal quantities. (See Fluxion.) Obs. 1704 Hayes Fluxions i. 4 The respective flowing Quanti¬ ties AP, PM, AM. 1758 J. Lyons Fluxions 4 If two flowing quantities x and y are to each other in a given ratio. 1807 Hutton Course Math. II. 278 Variable or flowing quantities. 1842 Francis Diet. Arts, Fluent , or Flowing Quantity. + 2 . Fluctuating, unstable, inconstant. Obs. 1504 Atkynson tr. De Imitatione 1. xxv. 176 His flowynge and vnstedfast mynde. 1536 Bellenden tr. Bocce xvi. xv, For the mynd of commoun pepyll are euir flowand inair in¬ constant than wynd. 3 . Of language, etc. Gliding easily and smoothly, fluent. Of a person: Having a flowing style {arch.'). 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 206 The flowyng stile. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 495 Resolute Hierome, or flowing Chrysostome. 1624 B. Jonson Fortunate Isles, In rime! fine tinckling rime ! and flowand verse. 1627 Hakewill Apol. 1. v. (1635) 62 A great wit, and flowing eloquence. 17x8 Prior Charity 1 Did sweeter Sounds adorn my flowing Tongue, Than ever Man pronounc’d. 1782 CowrER Table T. 741 Flowing numbers and a flowery style. 1827 Carlyle Misc. (1857) I. 20 Undoubtedly he has a flowing pen. 1832 L. Hunt Sonnets Poems 212 Flowing Garth. quasi-rtK/z/. 1706 PorE Let. Walsh 22 Oct., In describing a gliding Stream, the Numbers shou’d run easy and flowing. b. Of personal carriage and demeanour: Easy, graceful, smooth. a 1611 Beaum. & Fl. Maid's Trag. iv. i, Thou art..A lady of. .such a flowing carriage, that it cannot Chuse but inflame a kingdom. 1766 Fordyce Scrm. Yng. Worn. (1767) I. i. 23 A certain flowing urbanity is acquired. 1868 Digby's Voy. Mcdit. Pref. 20 A flowing courtesy and civility. 1870 Dickens E. Drood iv, A certain gravely flowing action with his hands. 4 . Of lines or curves, also of objects with reference to their contour: Smoothly continuous and free from rigidity or stiffness. Flowing tracery (in Arch.: see quot. 1815). 1709 Prior Ode to Howard, Each flowing Line confirm’d his first Surprize. 1812-6 J. Smith Panorama Sc. < 5 * Art I. 132 Tracery is. .flowing, where the lines branch out into leaves, arches, &c. 1816 L. Hunt Rimini 1. 203 The flowing back, firm chest, and fetlocks clean. 1853 Turner Dom. Archit. III. 11. vii. 315 The Chapel is Early English, with flowing windows inserted at the East and North. 1864 Tennyson Aylmer's F. 654 Princely halls, and farms, and flowing lawns. 5 . Of hair, garments, etc.: Swaying loosely and gracefully; waving, unconfined, streaming. 1606 B. Jonson Hymensei Wks. (Rtldg.)558 Beneath that, another flowing garment, of watchet cloth of silver. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. vii. 88 With Hazle Phyllis crowns her flowing Hair. 1782 Cowper Gilpin 46 John.. Seized fast the flowing mane. 1869 Boutell Arms <$- Arm.x. 193 The long and flowing surcoat. b. Naut. Flowing sail, sheet. (See quots. 1769, 1841, and cf. Flowing vbl. sb. 3.) 1748 A nson's Voy. 11. ii. 130 We were pleasingly surprized ..to see her open the N.W. point of the bay with a flowing sail. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1776) s. v., A ship is therefore said to have a flowing sheet when the wind crosses the line of her course nearly at right angles. 1825 H. B. Gascoigne Nav. Fame 91 With flowing sails. .They seek their station on the western seas. 1841 Dana Seaman's Man. 105 Flowing Sheet when a vessel lias the wind free, and the lee clews eased off. fig. 1833 Marry at P. Simple xxxii, Didn’t you say. .that the captain had paid it [a bill] with a flowing sheet ? 1861 Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. III. clxi. 174 To wait till the folly could be put down with a flowing sail. 6. Rising like the tide; full to overflowing, brimming, abundant, copious. 1526 Pilgr. Pcrf. (W. de W. 1531) 121 Sensualite with all her flowynge voluptuous desyres. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII, II. iii. 62 The Kings Maiesty.. Doe’s purpose honour no lesse flowing Then Marchionesse of Pembrooke. 1644 Milton Educ. (1738) 136 Fat contentions and flowing fees. 1702 Addison Dial. Medals ii. Wks. 1721 I. 474 Horace., speaks of the moderation to be used in a flowing fortune. 1786 Burns Brigs Ayr 221 All-cheering Plenty, with her flowing horn. 1871 Smiles Charac. ii. (1876)49 She was full of joyous flowing mother-wit. H 7 . Flowing hope : mispron. of forlorn hope. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Wordbk., Flowing-hope '. see Forlorn Hope. 1889 in Barr£re & Leland Slang. Hence Flowingly adv., in a flowing manner; Flowingness, the quality or state of being flowing. a 1603 T. Cartwright Confut. Rhein N. T. (1618 1 432 Not..so flowingly by some, as by all the pipes of the Churches exercises, a I’jiz W. Nichols Def. Doct. Ch. Eng. Introd. (1715) 118 The. .flowingness of his easie Eloquence. 1804 Southey in Robberds Mem. W. Taylor I. 495 It more flowingly fills the sentence. 1852 H. Spencer Gracefulness Ess. 1891 II. 384 A leading trait of grace is continuity, flowingness. 1880 G. Meredith Trag. Com. xi. (1892) 158 When the letters were unimportant, she wrote flowingly. Flowk, obs. Sc. form of Fluke. Flown (Ibran),///. n.i [pa. pple. of Fly zl 1 ] Used adjectivcly in senses of the vb. Also with out, and with defining word prefixed, as far-flown , new-flown. 1608 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. iv. Troplteis 1049 Their far- flow’n wings. 1691 Taylor Behmen’s Theos. Phil., Three¬ fold Life xiii. 309 The flown out Will hates that whence it sprung. 1813 1 ’. Busby Lucretius i. 300 Hence new-flown birds the woods with music fill. 1865 Swinburne A talauta 6 Swifter than dreams [follow] the white flown feet of sleep. 1877 Bryant Odyssey v. 551 When he breathed again, And his flown senses had returned. t Flown (fl Obs.~ ° [ad. L . flucluos-us : see next and -ose.] = Fluctuous b. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. Fluctuous (fltf*kti//9s), a. Obs. exc. arch. [ad. L. fluctudsus full of waves f. fluctus wave; see -ous.] fa. Watery (obs.). b. Full of, or resembling waves, lit. and fig. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhoucr's Bk. Physicke 61/2 An Excel¬ lent collyrion for tenebrous and fluctuous Eyes [orig. fur dunckele undJliissige Augeu]. 1599 Nashe Lenten Stuffe Wks. (Grosart) V. 212 All the fenme Lema betwixt . .being, .fluctuous demeans or fee simple. 1627-77 Feltham Resolves 1. xlviii. 76 How fluctuous are the salted waves. 1839 Bailey Festus (1854) 133 The base of the world's fluctuous lore. Hence Fluctuo sity. 1850 L. Hunt Autobiog. II. xvii. 278 Waves might be classed..We ought to have waves, wavelets, billows, fluc- tuosities, etc., a marble sea, a sea weltering. t Fludder 'fltf'Jm), v. Sc. Obs. Also fluther. intr. ‘To exhibit the appearance of great regard for any one, to cajole’ (Jam.). c 1525 Priests of Peebles (1603) Dij, Than mony folk wil cum and with me fludder. j Fludgs tint. Obs. rare. [?cf. Ger. flags int., quick!] 1611 Chapman May Day Plays 1873 II. 352 What, hee that sings, Maids in your smocks, hold open your locks, fludgs. Fludy, obs. form of Floody. Flue, flew (fl /7 , sbP Also 4 flowe, 5 flw(e, 6 flewe. [cf. MDu. vluzve fishing-net flouiv snipe-net), F. flu fine nappe iVun tramail (Boiste 1840: not in Littre), also jlucq some kind of fishing apparatus (16th c. in Godef.); the mutual relation of the words is unknown.] A kind of fishing-net; a., a drag-net, b. a fixed net. Also fluc-nct. 1388 -9 A cels. Abingdon A bbey (Camden) 57, J rete vocatum wade et j flowe. 1391 R. de Ryllynton in Test . Ebor. 1 . 157 Willo Broune servienti meo.. j flew, cum warrap et flot. c 1440 Promp. Pars’. 168/1 Flwe, nette .. iragum. 1465 Mann. <$• Housch. Exp. 509 My master paid to Chelone fore knyttynge of a flew, xvj .d. 1569 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 329 Nor laye any flewe or other nett in any of the same waters. 1611 Bible II ab. i. 15 They .. gather them in their dragge [marg. flue-net]. 1630 in Dcscr. Thames (1758) 66 No Fisherman .. shall .. use or exercise any Flue, Trammel .. or hooped Net whatsoever. 1787 Best Angling (e d. 2)5 Fishing with trammels, or flews in March or April. 1851 Newland Erne 75 It is generally caught by a flue, set between the openings of the weeds. 1882 Three in Norway vi. 44 Seven boats .. were out with a huge flue net. Flue sb.% Also 6 floow, 7-9 flew, [of unknown origin; cf. mod.Flem. vluwe of same meaning (Franck s.v.flmueel) which, like the Du. flitweel and med.L. fluetutn velvet, is believed to be derived from Fr. vein hairy, downy. But see Fluff jA 1 ] f 1 . A woolly or downy substance; down, nap. Also pi. bits of down. Obs. 1589 Fleming Georg. Virg. iv. 69 Towels with nap shorne off (The floow or roughnes shorne away for feare to hurt his handes). 1607 Topsell Fourf Beasts (1658) 213 A bed filled with flew or wool of Hares. 1743 Loud. <$■ County B?‘cw. n. (ed. 2) 100 They will be as big as Lice with Rags or Flews about them. 1823 in Crabb Tcchnol. Diet., Flue, 'Phe soft down from feathers, and the skins from rabbits, etc. 2 . esp . The light flocculent substance formed by floating particles of cotton, down, etc. ; fluff. 1796 Mrs. Glasse Cookery xxvii. 387 That will gather up all the flew and dust. 1814 Ware in Trans. Med. Chirurg. Soc. 256 The flue that is swept from bedrooms. 1837 Howitt Rur. Life in. iii. (1862) 242 Amid heat and dust and flue from the cotton, i860 Dickens Uncomm. Traif. vi, Its old-established flue under its old-established four-post bedsteads. 1886 E. Hodder Earl Shaftesbury I. iii. 139 Parched and suffocated by the dust and flue. b. transf. Any light floating particle. Cf. Flow sbf> 01825 Beddoes Poems, Torrismond 1. iii, It would not weigh a flue of melting snow In my opinion. Flue (fl u), sbf [of unknown origin. The exact primary sense is uncertain ; assuming that it meant‘channel, passage’, some have compared early mod.Du. vloegh flutings of a column (Kilian), and others would connect it with Flow v. or Flue v. 1 It is possible that the primary reference may be to the fining (see Flue v. 2 ) of the sides of the chimney in houses of the 16th c. This view derives some support from sense 5.] 1 . In early use = Chimney ; subsequently a smoke- duct in a chimney. Hence extended to denote a channel of various kinds for conveying heat, etc., esp. a hot-air passage in a wall; a pipe or tube for conveying heat to water in certain kinds of steam-boilers. 1582 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 424 All flewes and chymneys. .made of earth ..shalbe taken downe. 1654 Evelyn Diary 9 Aug., Y° chimney flues like so many smiths forges. 1715 Desagulieks Fires Impr. 12 Builders have .. carried the Flue or Funnel bending. 1757 W. Thompson R. N. Advoc. 33 Another notable Iron Inven¬ tion, called a Flew, running through the Warehouses, fed with constant Fires to keep their dry Stores from being mouldy. 1811 A. T. Thomson Loud. Disp. (1818) 312 Stoves heated by means of flues. 1839 R. S. Robinson Naut. Steam Eng. 115 Each fire place has a flue, or gigantic pipe, which circulates from end to end of the boiler, making as many turns as the boiler will hold. 1863 Kingsley Water-Bab.( 1878)4 He had to climb the dark flues rubbing his poor knees and elbows raw. U The following passage is usually quoted as the earliest example of the word, which is supposed to mean here the spiral cavity of a shell. But flue is prob. a misprint for flute. 1562 Phaer AEneid x. Ggj b, W fc whelkid shell Whose wrinckly wreathed flue, did fearful shril in seas outyell. f 2 . Coal-mining. A sloping trough for conveying coal into a receptacle ; a shoot. ? Obs. 1774 Pennant Tour Scott, in 1772, 48 Galleries .. termi¬ nating in flues or hurries, placed sloping over the quay, and thro' these the coal is discharged.. into the holds of the ships. 3 . Organ-building. The fissure or ‘ wind-way ’ characteristic of * mouth-pipes * (hence also called due-pipes: see 6) as opposed to ‘reed-pipes’. 1879 Hopkins in Grove Diet. Mus. I. 535 All organ-stops in which the sound is produced by the wind passing through a fissure, Jluc, or wind-way. .belong to the Flue-work. 4 . slang . The Spout in a pawnbroker’s shop. Influe : in pawn. Up theflue : (a) pawned,(A) dead, collapsed. 1821 Egan Real Life in London I. 566 note. Up the spout or up the flue are synonimous in their import. 1851 May- hew Loud. Labour 11 . 250 I’ve had. .to leave half my stock in flue with a deputy for a night’s rest. 5 . dial. (See quot.) [Peril, a distinct word.] 1787 W. Marshall Norfolk (1795) II. 379 Flue , the coping of a gable or end-wall of a house. 6. attrib . and Comb., as flue-cleaner, -scraper, file. Also flue-boiler (see quot.); flue-bridge, a wall of fire-brick in a reverberatory furnace, between the hearth and the flue; flue-brush (see quot.); flue-cinder (^see quot.) ; flue-faker slang, (a) a chimney sweep; ( If ) (see quot. 1S60); flue- full a., full to the flue, brimful; flue-pipe, an organ-pipe with a ‘flue’ (see 3), a mouth-pipe, as FLUE. 357 FLUENTIAL opposed to a reed-pipe; flue-plate (see quot.); flue-register, a register in an organ comprising a series of flue-pipes; flue-salt (see quot.) ; flue- stop, an organ stop controlling a flue-register; flue-work, the flue-stops of an organ collectively, as distinguished from the reed-stops. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 891/1 * Flue-boiler, a steam- boiler whose water space is traversed by flues. 1881 Ray¬ mond Mining Gloss., * Flue-bridge. 1874 Knight Diet. Meek. I. 891/1 * Flue-brush , a cylindrical brush of wire or steel strips used to clean the scale and soot from the interior of a flue. 1873 IVcale's Did. Terms Archit. etc. (ed. 4', *Flue cinder, the cinder from an iron reheating furnace. 1874 Knight Did. Mech. 1 .891/1 * Flue-clcaner. 1812 J. Ii. Vaux Flash Diet., * Flue-faker, i860 Slang Did. (ed. 2), Flue fakers ..low sporting characters, who are so termed from their chiefly betting on the Great Sweeps. 1703 Thoresby Let. to Ray 27 Apr., * Flue-full, brim-full, flowing full. 1852 Seidel Organ 27 The intonation of the "^flue- pipes. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 891/1 * Flue-plate, a plate into which the ends of the flue are set. 1852 Seidel Organ 27 Kaufmann, of Dresden .. made experiments with ^flue- registers. 1884 Chester Gloss., *Flue salt .. the waste salt formed on the flues where the lumps are dried. 1855 Hopkins 8: Rimbault Organ xxi. 109 A *Flue-stop [is] a similar series of lip pipes. 1859 Archaeol. Cant. II. p. xli, A very remarkable example of a Roman *flue-tile. 1876 Hiles Catech . Organ ix. (1878) 57 All lip-stops belong to the * Flue-work. Flue (fl«), sbA Also flew, [of obscure ety¬ mology ; Sw. has Jly in sense 2. It is not certain that senses 1 and 2 are of identical origin.] + 1 . ‘ The tip of a deer’s [?] horn ’ (Halliwell s. v. Flewed). Ohs. IS3* 3 [app. implied in Flued ppl. a. 7 ]. 2 . Naut. The Fluke of an anchor; also that of a harpoon. c i860 H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 57 The fish-tackle is., hooked to the inner flue. 1882 Naees Seamanship (ed. 6) 175 Ships which allow of the inner flues being got inboard. Flue sb/' colloq. Short for Influenza. 1839 Southey Lett. (1856) IV. 574, I have had a pretty fair share of the Flue. 1893 Mod. Let., I’ve a bad attack of the flu. Flue (flw), sbf> Ohs. exc. dial. Also flew, [app. a corruption of Jleumc , obs. form of Fleam.] A farrier’s lancet, a fleam. 1790 W. Marshall Midi. Counties II. 437 Fleius, phlemes, for bleeding cattle, etc. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. I Vord -bk., Flues , farriers’ lancets. Flue, flew (fl«), aA Obs. exc. dial. Also 6 flewe. [of obscure origin; possibly related to Flow v. ; cf. the relation of Fleet a. ( = shallovv) to Fleet v .] 1 . Shallow. C1440 Prontp. Paw. 167/1 Flew, or scholde, as vessell, bassus. 1552 Huloet, Flewe or not deape, but as one may wade, breuia. 1651 H. More Enthus. Triumph. (1656) 171, I hope you do not think, that I meant your skull was so flue and shallow that [etc.]. Ibid. 318. a 1825 Forby Voc. E. A nglia. Flue, shallow. 2 . =Flan a. (See quots., and Fluez>. 2 .) 1676 H. More Remarks 142 And the like experiment he makes .. of a heated Beer-glass with a more flew mouth. 1881 Leicester Gloss., Flew, open, wide, expanded. 4 Your bonnet is too flew’; 4 a flew dish’, i.e. one with wide spreading sides. Flue, flew a. 2 Obs. exc. dial. [of un¬ certain origin ; it corresponds in sense to OF. Jlo, jlou (whence mod.F .Jlon in a specific sense relating to painting) and to JX\. flauw, LG.,mod.FIG.y/a«; but the mutual relation of the words is disputed. See also Fluey, a. The initial f instead of v in Du. word is usually an indica¬ tion of foreign origin (exc. in the case of onomatopoeias); hence Kluge and Franck regard flauw as adopted, like the Eng. word, from Fr.; the ultimate source being OTeut. *hliwo- (Ger. lau , Eng. Lew) lukewarm. This is not very satisfactory. If Du. flauw were a native word, it might correspond to an OE. *flecnue (:—* flaw jo-) related to OHG .Jlewen to rinse, wash; for the sense cf. washy.\ Weak, tender, sickly, delicate. 1613-16 W. Browne Brit. Past. 111. i. Wks.(Hazlitt) II. 149 She is flewe, and never will be fatter. 1679 Lend. Gas. No. 1416/4 A flew Horse, and a star very remarkable in his fore¬ head. 1736 Pegge Kenticisms (E. D. S.), Flue, tender, weak ; of a horse or person. 1836 Cooper Provincialisms Sussex s. v., 4 That horse is very flue ’. 1889 in Hurst Hors¬ ham Sussex Gloss, s.v., 4 My Fanny is ill again, poor dear, she is so flue ’. t Flue, vA Obs. rare. [ad. OF .jlite-r, h.flu-cre to flow.] intr. To flow. Of parchment: To allow the ink to 1 run \ 71483 Caxton Vocab. 22 b, Josse the parchemyn maker Solde me a skyn of parchemyn. That all fluede [Fr. qui toutflua]. 1483 Cat It. Angl. 136/2 To Flu z,Jlucre. Flue (fl«), v.~ [App. f. Flue a . 1 (sense 2). Cf. Flan v. f. Flan «.] intr. To expand; to splay. Hence Fliring vbl. sb., the divergent lines of a splayed opening; Flued, Fhring ppl. a. 1778 W. Pain Carpenters Repos. Plate 51 A circular Soffit in a circular Wall, which is flewing on the Jambs. Ibid., Draw the Flewing of the Jambs c. d. and e. f. to meet at the Point a. Ibid., Figure A. is a circular Soffit on flewing Jambs. 1853 Archit. Publ. Soc. Did., Flued, this word is applied instead of Splayed to a circular or semi¬ circular splayed opening. 1893 S. E. IVorc. Gloss., Flewed (of a hoop) to be made larger on one side than on the other so that it may fit the taper shape of a cask. Flue, obs. pa. t. of Fly v . 1 Flued, ppl. aP [f. Flue sb/ -f.d 2 .] Having a flue or duct. Only in comb., as double-flucd adj. 1895 Daily News 9 Jail. 10/2 Wanted Two.. Lancashire Double-flued Boilers. Flued, ppl. a. 2 [f. Flue sb . 1 + -ed 2 .] + 1 . Of a horn : Tipped. Obs. I 53 z ~3 sld 24 Hen. VIII, c. 13 It shall be lefull for him to weare. .a home tipped or flewed with sillier. 2 . Of an anchor, etc. Having a flue; fluked, barbed. Only in comb., as one-JlucdIwo-Jilted, adjs. Flue’-hammer. [f. Flue v.~] A hammer used in flaring one edge of an iron hoop to make it fit the bulge of the cask. 1874 in Knight Did. Mech. I. 891/1. t Fluellin (flwiedin). Obs. Also 6 fluellyn(g, 6-7 fluellen. [corruption of the Welsh name, llysiau Llewelyn, lit. ‘ Llewelyn’s herbs ’. Cf. the proper name Fluellen ( = Llewelyn) in Shaks.] 1 . A name given to several species of Veronica or Speedwell, esp. V. officinalis. 1548 Turner Names of Herbs (E. D. S.) 88 Veronica .. is called in englishe Fluellyng. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 11. cxcvii. (1633) 629 In welch it is called Fluellen. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. n. vi. 101 Betonica Pauli, or Pauls Betony..or Fluellen. 1756 Watson in Phil. Trans. XLIX. 807 Male Speedwell, or Fluellin, or True Paul’s Betony. 2 . Misapplied to Linaria elatine and L. spuria. 1756 Sir J. Hill Brit. Herbal 113 Fluellin. Elatine. The flower is small; it consists of a single petal. 1816-20 Green Univ. Herbal I. 108 Antirrhinum Elatine, Sharp-pointed Toad-flax, or Fluellin. .. Antirrhinum Spurium , Round¬ leaved Toad-flax or Fluellin. 1866 in Treas. Bot., Fluellite (fl/ 7 -ebit). Min. [badly f. Fluorine after wavellite.~\ A rare fluoride of aluminium, found in minute white crystals. 1824 Ann. Phil. VIII. 243 He [Wollaston] is. .of opinion that these crystals belong to a distinct species [i.e. distinct from wavellite], for which he proposes the name of Fluellite. 1864 Watts Did. Chan. II. 669. + Flu ‘ence. Obs. [a. Y.fluence t ad. Y.jhienlia, i. fluentem : see Fluent.] 1 . A flowing, a stream. ci6xi Chapman Iliad xx -i. 224 That he first did cleanse With sulphur, then with lluences of sweetest water rense. 2 . = Fluency 2, 3. 1607 Heywood Fayre Mayde Exch. Wks. 1874 II. 56 The naturall fluence of my owne wit. 1691 Wood AtJi. Oxon. II. 547 He was esteemed a person., of a ready fluence in discourse. Fluency (fb?ensi). [ad. L .Jluentia\ see prec. and -ENCY.J The quality or state of flowing or being fluent. + 1 . Affluence, copiousness, abundance. Obs. a. 1623 Massinger Bondman 11. iii, Thou, Gracculo, Hast fluency of courage. 1638 G. Sandys Paraphr. Job xii. 16 Those who grow old in fluency and ease. 1657 Hawke Killing is M. 20 Fluency in teares. 1658 Osborn Jcis. I Wks. (1673) 511 The Indies themselves would in time want fluency to feed so immense a prodigality. 1726 Brad¬ ley Gardening App. 23 This last operation [grafting] may be done when the sap is in its highest Fluencies. 2 . a. A smooth and easy flow; readiness, smooth¬ ness ; esp. with regard to speech, b. Absence of rigidity; ease. 1636 Massinger Gt. Dk. Florence v. ii, You are pleased to show, sir, The fluency of your language. 1727 Pope TJi. Var.Subj. in Sivifi's IVks. { 1755) II. 1. 227 The common fluency of speech in many men. 1849 Lytton Caxlons 1. v, I had learned to write with some fluency. 1852 Ld. Cockbukn Jeffrey I. 363 All his fluency of thought. 1878 J. W. Ebs- worth in Braithwait*s Strappado Introd. 27 The genuine sweetness and musical fluency of his best lyrics. 3 . Readiness of utterance, flow of words. 1654 Evelyn Diary 31 Aug., Dr. Collins, so .. celebrated for his fluency in the Latin tongue. 1814 D’Israeli Quawcls Auth. (1867)364 He indulged his satirical fluency on the scientific collectors. 1834 Macaulay Pitt Ess. (1854) 293/1 The fluency and the personal advantages of the young orator. Fluent (flu ent), a. and sb. Also 6-7 fluant. [ad. L .fluent-em^ pr. pple. o ijlucre to flow.] A. adj. 1 . That flows, flowing. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts 304 Whatsoeuer [water] is moueably fluent, is lesse subiect to poyson then that which standeth still. 1684 tr. Bond's Merc. Compit. vm. 272 Liga¬ tures..seem to..impell the fluent bloud. 1719 D’Ukfey /7/A(i 872) III. 97 Into a fluent stream she leapt. 1854 jlrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XV. 11. 415 Streams which are permanent or fluent all the year. 1893 Harper's Mag. LXXXVI. 815/2 The metal, .came fluent from the crucible. b. transf. and Jig .; esp. of things compared to a stream or to the tide. 1642 H. More Song of Soul 11. ii. hi. xxvi, Things that be fluent, As flitting time, by her be straight retent Unto one point. 1649 G. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. V , ccxxviii, Yet Crouded Strength stifles the fluent Course Of many Glories. 1729 Savage IVanderer in. 6 The sloping Sun To Ocean’s Verge, his fluent Course has run. 1842 De Quincey Cicero Wks. VI. 227 The fluent intercourse with this island. 1854 J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) II. xxvii. 502 Masses of cavalry, in fluent and refluent surges, trampled into the bloody mire the dying and the dead. f c. Flowing readily as a consequence or in¬ ference. Obs. 1619 W. Sclater Expos. 1 Thcss. 244 In ancient Diuinitie the inference was fluent. Ibid. 567 See if from the fact of God, mentioned by the Apostle, it runnes not as fluent. 2 . Having the property or capacity of flowing easily ; ready to flow; fluid, liquid. Of a painter : Producing a fluid or liquid effect. i6ox R. Johnson Kingd. 4- Commw. (1611) 5 The people of the South haue their bloud thinne and fluent, a 1626 Bacon Physiol. Rem. Wks. 1857 III. 814 When it is not malleable, but yet is not fluent, but stupified. 1686 W. Harris tr. Lemerys Course Chym. 11. xiii. (ed. 3) 523 This fermentation subtilizes .. the viscous parts .. turns tnein into a thin fluent liquid. 1822 Examiner 347/2 Backhuysen is often heavy in his shadows, but admir¬ ably fluent in the representation of water and air. 1844 Mrs. Browning Drama of Exile Poems 1850 I. 77 The broad, fluent strata of pure air. 1877 Dixon Diana, Leuly Lyle I. iii. iii. 190 A fairy pool of water lies, fluent and opalesque, under an amber slab. b. fig. and of non-material things: Fluid, liable to change; not stable, fixed, or rigid. 1648 W. Mountague Devout Ess. vi. § 2. 57 While the matter of worldly goods remainetli fluent and transitory. 1691 Ray Creation 33 Motion being a fluent thing. 1814 Wordsw. Excursion iv. 733 His quick hand bestowed On fluent operations a fixed shape. 1851 Helps Comp. Solit. x. 188 The general body of opinion is Avery fluent. 1872 M. Collins Two Plunges for Pearl I. 196 English society is curiously fluent. 3 . transf. a. Of hair : Growing in abundant quantity and falling in graceful curves; flowing. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts 566 Any one whose haires are too fluent and abundant. 1866 G. Meredith Vittoria i, A fluent black moustache ran with the curve of the upper lip. 1872 Tennyson Gareth $ Lynette 454 Broad brows and fair, a fluent hair and fine. b. Moving easily or gracefully; not stiff or rigid. 1869 Blackmore Lorua D. x, I never had dreamed of such delicate motion, fluent and graceful. f 4 . Flowingfreely or abundantly. Also, abound¬ ing in. Obs. 1590 Greene Orl. Fur. Wks. (Rtldg.) 98/1 Those fluent springs of your lamenting tears. 1611 Steed Hist. Gt. Brit. vii. xii. § 10. 222 Destitute of vertue and fluent in vice. 1639 Daniel Ecclus. xliii. 53 A Cloud, swolne w th a fluent raine. c 1682 J. Collins Making of Salt in Eng. 2 At Namptwich they have one Pit within the Town, and two without, sufficient to serve the Fourth part of the Nation, the Bryne being so fluent. b. Giving freely, generous. Obs. exc. dial. 1603 Breton Packet Mad Lett. (Grosart.) 6/1 A sonne .. bound, .through the fluent bounty of a Father’s loue. 1639 Saltmarshe Policy 237 If you bee fluent in one kinde, bee sparing in another. 1887 S. Chcsh. Gloss., Fluent , liberal . .as 4 fluent i’ givin*. 5 . Of speech, style, etc.: Flowing easily and readily from the tongue or pen. 1625 Bacon Ess., Youth Sf Age (Arb.) 263 Such as is a fluent and Luxuriant Speech. 1660 Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 360 Their fluent praying and preaching. X670-1 Narborough Jrnl. in Ace. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1711) 70 Their Language is much in the Throat, and not very fluent, but uttered with good deliberation. 1728 Pope Dune. iii. 197 How fluent nonsense trickles from his tongue ! 1828 D’Israeli Chas. I, I. ii. 21 The pain which conversation occasions him whose speech is not fluent. 1866 Geo. Eliot F. Holt (1868) 63 A soft voice with a clear fluent utterance. b. Of a speaker, etc.: Ready in the use of words, able to express oneself readily and easily in speech or writing. 1589 Warner Alb. Eng. v. xxvii. 119 Rhetoricall I am not with a fluant tongue to ster. 1610 Heywood Gold. Age 1. i. Wks. (1874) III. 5 Fluent Mercury Speakes from my tongue. 1737 Pope Hot. Epist. 11. i. 279 Fluent Shakespear scarce effac’d a line. 1784 Cowter Task iv. 19 His fluent quill. 1832 Ht. Martineau Ireland i. 6 Fluent story-tellers. 1882 Farrar in Contemp. Rez>. 807 As a speaker.. Dean Stanley was by no means fluent. 6 . Math. In the doctrine of fluxions: Continuously increasing or decreasing by an infinitesimal quantity. 1734 Berkeley Analyst § 45 Wks. 1871 III. 287 Each foregoing is a fluent quantity having the following one for its fluxion. 1807 Hutton Course Math. II. 276 Suppose the right line mn to move, .continually parallel to itself..so as to generate the fluent or flowing rectangle abqp. transf. 1844 Gladstone Glean. (1874) V. ii. 83 The Church, .might be eliminated like a constant quantity from among those fluent materials with which history is conversant. B. sb. + 1 . A stream, a current of water. Obs. [In the first two quots. strictly a distinct word ad. L. fluent-umi] 1598 Yong Diana 308 The fertill fields, which the great riuer Duerus with his cristalline fluents doth water. x6i6 Chapman Homer s Hymn to Venus 378 At the fluents of the Ocean Nere Earths extreame bounds. 1705 J. Philips Blenheim 239 Their hands, that sed’lous strive To cut the outrageous fluent. 2 . Math. The variable quantity in fluxions which is continually increasing or decreasing. 1706 W. Jones Syn. Palmar. Mathescos 226 Hence the Celerity of the Motion is. .called Fluxion, and the Quantity generated Fluent. 18x9 G. Peacock View Eluxional Cal¬ culus 2^ Where the fluent or integral is expressed by an algebraic function. 1878 W. K. Clifford Dynamic ii. 62. 3 . nonce-use. Something fluent or liable to change. 1836 Coleridge Lit. Rem. II. 309 The guardian, as a fluent, is less than the permanent which he is to guard. He is the temporary and mutable mean. t Flue'ntial, a. Math. Obs. [f. prec. + -(i)al. Cf. exponential.] Of or pertaining to fluents. 1784 Waring in Phil. Trans. LXXIV. 401 Whose sum p is either an algebraical, exponential, or fluential fluxion of x. 1807 Hutton Course Math. II. 302 Being written for c in the general fluential equation. FLUENTLY. 358 FLUIDIC. Fluently (fl«entli), adv. [f. Fluent a. + -ly -.J In a fluent manner; esp. with easy and ready flow of words. 1613 Tourneur P. Henry 147 His aptnesse fluentlyappeares In ev’rie souldier’s grief. 1621 W. Sclater Tythcs 11623) 169 Conclusions fluently deduced there from. 1648 W. Mounta- gue Devout Ess. xi. § 2 133 When this humour of Medisance springeth in the head of the company, it runnes fluently into the lesse noble parts, a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 205 He fluently could speak many..modern tongues. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. 1. § 2 Perceiving that Euphranor heard him with respect, he proceeded very fluently. 1839 Eraser's Mag. XX. 663 She [a ship] swims along calmly and fluently. 1874 Green Short Hist. vi. § 4. 304 Elizabeth, .spoke French and Italian as fluently as English. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 221 Thrasymachus made all these admissions, not fluently..but with extreme reluctance. t Flu'entness. Obs. rare . [f. as prec. -1- -ness.] The quality of being fluent; fluency. 1652 Cotterell Cassandra 1. v. (1676) 469 The usual fluentnesse of his expression. 1654 W. Mountague Devout Ess. v. § 3. 96 The fluentness and consistencie of time has not this inconvenience, to deny us the taking a dimension of it. 1706 in Phillips (ed. Kersey). 1721 in Bailey. Fluey (fl/ 7 i), a . 1 Obs. exc. dial. [prob. f. Flue a . 2 (which however is later in our quots.) + -y 1 .] = Flue a . 2 1552 Raynaldk Birth Mankynde 1. viii. 13 a, The sede and sparine [of women is] weake, fluy, cold, and moyste, and of no greate fyrmytie. 1876 Surrey Provincialisms (E.D.S.), Fluey , of a weak delicate constitution..! have never heard the word applied except to animals. Fluey (fl/H), a' 2, [f- Flue sb. 2 + -y *.] Covered with flue. 1861 Dickens Cl. Expect, xxii, I went upon ’Change, and I saw fluey men sitting there under the bills about shipping. 1862 — Somebody's Luggage 4/2, 1 had the Luggage out within a day or two .. It was all very dusty and iiuey. Fluff (fl» 0 , sb . 1 [app. connected with Flue sb . 2 ; perh. an onomatopoeic modification of that word, imitating the action of puffing away some light substance ; cf. Fluff sb . 2 and v 2 An OE. *//«£, fiuh y f. root of Fly z/. 1 , would, however, if it existed, account for both words ; cf. LG. flug, flog flue. Not in Johnson or Todd.] 1 . Light, feathery, fl occulent stuff, such as the downy particles that separate from dressed wool. 1790 Grose Prov, Gloss, (ed. 2), Fluffy down. The fluff of a peach. Kent. 1818 J. Brown Psyche 171 Some fluff upon his cousin’s cape. 1*1825 Forby Voc. E. Anglia, l'luffy any light, flying, downy, gossamer-like stuff. 1880 Howells Undisc. Country xii. 173 A little fluff under the bed or a spot on the floor would have been a comfort to her. b. The soft fur of a rabbit or other animal. 1883 F. C. Gould in Leisure Hour 613/2 They sneaked back.. with rabbits' fluff in their jaws. c. ?Soft feathery material for dress. 1875 Tennyson Q. Mary 1. iv, If this Prince of fluff and feather come To woo you. 2 . a. A soft, downy mass or bunch. 1862 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. (1883) III. 127 Larks come with feathers all in a fluff. 1885 E. Garrett At any Cost xv. 277 A young woman, .with a fluff of golden hair about her face. 1891 T. Hardy Less II. 27 All this fluff of muslin about you. b. Something downy and feathery. 1870 Lowell Study Wind. (18^6) 46 Tiny fluffs of feathered life. 1888 T. Gray in Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 129 Sometimes lie [Edison] used what he describes as a fluff, that is, a little brush of silk fibre. 3 . slang, a. On railways (see quots.) ; b. Thealr. ‘ “Lines ” half learned and imperfectly delivered’ (Farmer). 1874 Slang Diet., Fluff, railway ticket clerks’ slang for short change given by them. The profits thus accruing are called ‘fluffings’, and the practice is known as ‘fluffing’. 1890 Star 27 Jan. 2/4 Many porters on this line are but getting 15 s. per week, and with regard to ‘tips’, or, as we say ‘fluft’—well [etc.]. 1891 World 3 June 28/1 Even as seen through a veil of ‘fluff’, the burlesque is irresistibly amusing. Fluff (fizrf), sb . 2 Sc. and north, dial, [see Fluff v. 2 ] A puff; a quick, short^blast, a whiff; a slight explosion, lit. and jig. 1819 Rennie St. Patrick III. i. 31 I’m sure an ye warna a fish or something war, ye could never a’ keepit ae fluff o’ breath in the body o’ ye in aneath the loch. 1871 C. Gibbon Lack of Gold x, You’ll see how cozily we’ll blaze together to a white ash, and go off at the same minute with a fluff of affection. Ibid, xviii, The nuts leapt off with a * fluff’. b. Comb., as fluff-gib, a squib, 1 explosion of gunpowder ’ (Jam.). 1818 Scott Rob Roy xxxi, Wi’ fighting, and flashes, and fluff-gibs. Fluff (fltff), v . 1 [f. Fluff sbJ] 1 . trans. Lcathcr-manuf (See quot.) Cf. Buffz^. 1882 Baton in Encycl. Brit. XIV. 387/1 The flesh side is whitened or fluffed. 2 . To make into fluff, pick into oakum. 1892 Pall Mall G . 14 Mar. 2/2 Looking up from the rope 1 was fluffing. 3 . To shake out or up into a soft mass like fluff'. Also refi. (of a bird): To shake or puff out its feathers. 1885 Lady Brassey The Trades 137 The ‘JohnnyCrows* .. fluff and plume and dust themselves without cessation. 1885 O. T. Miller in Haipcr's Mag. Mar. 599 He [a bird] flufls himself out into a ball. 1887 Poor Nellie 1,1888.) 265 The young ladies showed off the silky satins, .then fluffed them up into a kind of pyramid. 1893 S. Grand Heavenly Twins (1894) 279 She..fluffed her hair out till her head seemed preposterously large. 4 . intr. a. To move or float softly like fluff, b. To settle down like a ball or mass of fluff. 1872 O. W. Holmes Poet Breakft. iii. (1885) 60 She gave the music-stool a twirl or two and fluffed down on to it like a whirl of soapsuds in a hand-basin. 1888 \V. C. Russell Death Ship III. 221 ’Twas a. .fog. .fluffing thick and soft as feathers about the ship. 5 . Slang, a. Fluff it', (see quot. 1859). b. (of railway booking-clerks) To give short change. C. To disconcert, ‘ floor ’ (a public speaker) ; (cf. Fluff vf i a), d. {Thealr.) To blunder one’s part. 1859 Slang. Did., Fluff it, a term of disapprobation implying ‘take it away, f don’t want it’. 1884 G. Moore Mummer's Wife xx. 286 Mortimer was drunk, did not know bis words, and went ‘fluffing’ all over the shop. Fluff (IM), v . 2 Sc. [belongs to Fluff sb . 2 ; of onomatopoeic origin.] 1 . a. trans. To knock out of breath ; to cause to pant. Only in pass. b. intr. To puff, pant. c. To make a fuss. 1790 Shirrefs Poems 21 But yet, nae ferly gin I’m fluff’d. 1813 Hogg Queens Wake 72 We borit the breiste of the bursting swale, Or fluffit i’ the flotyng faem. 1889 Mrs. Lynn Linton Thro ’ the Long Night I. 11. i. 310 She had often fluffed and fumed to Anne over that provision of her father’s will. 2 . trans. To make (gunpowder) ignite and go off. Also to fluff in the pan. Cf. Flash v. 5 c. 1825 Jamieson, To fluff powder, to burn gunpowder; to make it fly off, S. 1855 Ogilvie Sufpl., Fluffed r the patiy burned priming without firing the barrel of the gun or pistol [Scotch]. Fluffiness. [f. Fluffy a. + -ness.] The quality of being fluffy, in various senses. 1860 Dickens Unconim. Tra7’. vi, An air of mingled fluffiness and heeltaps. 1879 Sala Paris herself again (1880) II. x. 1^5 The old beaver hat, remarkable .. for .. its fluffiness of texture. 1886 Fun 4 Aug. 44/2 A .. clerical¬ looking young man, charged with fluffiness in a public conveyance, said he was sober as a judge when taken into custody. 1893 Farmer Slangy Fluffincss 2 (theatrical.', the trick, or habit, of forgetting words. Fluffing (fl^ fuj), vbl, sb. [f. Fluff v J -1- -ing 1 .] The action of the vb. Fluff ; attrib. in fluffing machine , wheel (see Fluff v . 1 i). 1885 C. T. Davis Manuf. Leather 550 Leather Fluffing and Grounding Machines. 1886 Harris Techn. Diet. Fire Insurance, Huffing Wheels .. fine skins have all roughnesses removed by being stretched against fine emery-cloth wheels, revolving at a high speed. Fluffy (fl^'fi), a. [f. Fluff j 3 .i + -Y. 1 ] 1 . Consisting of or resembling fluff; of soft, downy texture. 1825 Jamieson, Fluffy, applied to any powdery substance that can be easily put in motion or blown away ; as to ashes, hair-powder, meal, &c. i860 Thackeray Lovel ii, A great hulking Bluecoat boy, with fluffy whiskers. 1863 Miss Braddon Eleanor's Viet. I. v. 106 The fluffy worsted curtains were drawn. 1887 R. N. Carey Uncle Max xiii. i°3 [She] buried her face in a very fluffy little muff. b. Of timber : (see quot.). 1888 Lockwood’s Diet. Mech. Engin., Timber is said to be fluffy when the sawdust is stringy, and moist and greasy instead of granular and sharp. 2 . Of persons: Covered with fluff. Of plants and animals: Covered with down, soft hairs, feathers, or fur ; downy. 1848 Dickens Dornbey lix, Fluffy and snuffy strangers. 1856 F. E. Paget Owlet Owlst ., 110, That dreary-looking man, with a fluffy effect about his head, as though it were sprinkled with the contents of a pillow. 1862 H. Marryat Year in Sweden I. 75 The road.-side bright with the fluffy blue anemone. 1863 Fr. A. Kemble Rcsid. in Georgia 259 These poor little fluffy things [rabbits]. 1879 Hesba Stretton Needle's Eye I. 145 The fluffy yellow chickens. 3 . Slang, a. Drunk and incapable (see quot. 1886 s. v. Fluffiness), b. Thcatr. Liable to forget one’s ‘ lines \ 1885 Referee 26 July 3/2 One or two others were .. what actors call fluffy in their lines. 1893 Pall Mall G. 17 Jan. 7/2 After the chorus is perfect, the principals are ‘fluffy’, especially when the principals are fashionable amateurs. 4 . quasi- sb. A fluffy animal. 1889 Daily News 23 Oct. 7/1 Strictly smooth haired creatures are at a disadvantage among the fluffies. Flugelman, Flught : see Fugleman, Flucht. Fluht, obs. form of Flight. t Flu’ible, a. Obs. [ad. L. type *fluibil-is , f. fluerc to flow.] Capable of flowing, fluid. 1576 T. Newton tr. Lonnie's Touchstone 1. iv. 26 b, Seede . .is. .moyste, fluible and liquide. 1605 Timme Qucrsit. 1. xv. 70 The spiritual and fluible parts [of the body]. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage v. xiii. 510 The sea being a liquid fluible bodie. 1683 Pettus Eleta Min. 1. 11. xxxvii. 199 This Fluss or fluible Composition maketh the scoria’s deft. Fluid (fl/^id), a. and sb. Also 7 fluide. [a. Fr. fluide , ad. 'L.fluid-us, f. flucre to flow; see -id.] A. cutj. 1. Having the property of flowing; consisting of particles that move freely among themselves, so as to give way before the slightest pressure. (A general term including both gaseous and liquid substances.) 1603 Holland Plutarch's Mor. 1361 To. .presse together that which of the owne nature is fluid and runneth out. 1638 Wilkins New World 1. xii. (1640) 178 The appearance of the milky way dos not arise from some fluider parts of the heaven (as he supposes). 1667 Milton P. L. vi. 349 Spirits..Cannot..mortal wound Receive, no more then can 1 the fluid air. 1711 Porn Temp. Fame 447 Thro’ undulating ! air the sounds are sent, And spread o’er all the fluid element. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters III. 315 The salt fuses readily, 1 and runs very fluid. •845 Darwin Voy. Nat. xxi. (1852) 493 Masses of lava have been shot through the air whilst ' fluid. b. fig. and of non-physical things : Flowing or moving readily; not solid or rigid; not fixed, firm, or stable. 1642 H. More Song of Soul 1. 11. iv, So fluid chance is set its certain bound. 1672 Cave Prim. CJir. 11. ii. (1673) 31 The fluid and transitory condition of man’s life. 1719 I)e Foe Crusoe II. i. 290 The French, whose Temper is allowed to be more volatile .. and their Spirits more fluid than in other Nations. 1873 M. Arnold Lit. ty Dogma (1876) p. xv, The language of the Bible is fluid, passing, and literary, not rigid, fixed, and scientific. 1885 Academy 6 June 400/1 A time when the Evangelical tradition was still fluid. 2 . Of speech, etc.: Flowing easily and clearly, f Of a speaker : Fluent. 1691 Wood Ath. Oxon. (1815) II. 219 He [Edmund Bunney] was the most fluid preacher in the reign of qu. Elizabeth, for he seldom or never studied for what he was to deliver, but would preach and pray extempore, e 1789 Gibbon Mem. Misc. Wks. 1796 I. 159 Monsignor Stonor .. discovers much venom in the fluid and nervous style of Gibbon. B. sb. 1 . A substance whose particles move freely among themselves, so as to give way before the slightest pressure. Fluids are divided into liquids, which are incompletely elastic, and gases, which are completely so. 1661 Boyle Spring of Air 1. iv. (1682) 10 The air being a fluid. *11721 Keill MauperInis' 1 Diss. iii. (1734) 19 Descartes to account for the Revolutions of the Planets around the Sun, supposes tfiein imerged in a Fluid, which [etc.]. 1807 Med. frill. XVII. 275 From the first he swallowed fluids with difficulty. 1813 Sir FI Davy Agric. Chem. i. (1814) 13 Mr. Cavendish made the grand discovery that it [water] was composed of two elastic fluids or gases. 1882 M inchin Unipl. Kinemat. vi. heading, Kinematics of Fluids. b. spec. Any liquid constituent or secretion of the body (or of a plant). 1704 F. Fuller Med. Gymn. Pref., Moderate exercise will enrich the Fluids. 1732 Arbuthnot Rules of Diet 259 They . .act strongly both on the Fluids and Solids. 1804 Knight in Phil. Trans. 186 Gravitation will act on the fluid descending from the leaves. 1831 R. Knox Cloquet's Anal. 3 The fluids constitute the greater part of the organs. 1844 Hoblyn Diet. Med., Fluid of Cotnnnius, a thin gelatinous fluid, found in the bony cavities of the labyrinth of the ear. 1878 L. P. Meredith Teeth 49 They decay on account of the bad condition of the fluids of the mouth. 2 . One of several subtle, imponderable, all-per¬ vading substances, whose existence has been assumed to account for the phenomena of heat, magnetism, and electricity. 1750 Franklin Lett. Wks. 1840 V. 246 The particles of the electrical fluid. 1832 Nat. Philos., Magnetism iv. § 152. 36 (Useful Knowl. Soc.) The supposition, that its phenomena are occasioned by the agency of two magnetic fluids, residing in the particles of iron .. They have been de¬ nominated respectively the Austral and Boreal fluids. 1881 Maxwell Electr. <$• Magn. I. 39 In most expositions of this theory the two electricities are called ‘ Fluids’. 3 . Comb, as fluid-containing adj.; also fluid" compass, lens (see quots.). 1753 N. Torriano Non-Naturals 50 The Fluid-containing Vessels. 1867 Smvtii Sailor s Word-bk., Fluid compass, that in which the card revolves in its bowl floated by alcohol. 1874 K night Diet. Mech. I. 891/1 Fluid-lens, one in which a liquid is imprisoned between circular glass disks of the required curvatures. Fluid, obs. Sc. form of Flood. Fluidal (fi /7 idal), a. Gcol. [f. Fluid sb. + -al.] Of or resembling a fluid : (see quots.). 1879 Dana Man. Gcol. (ed. 3) 65 Igneous rocks sometimes exhibit under the microscope a fluidal texture; that is, the material. .shows wavy lines or bands, which are evidence of a former fluid state, and of movement or flowing when in that state. 1893 c eikie Gcol. (ed. 3) 100 Streaked [structure] ..conspicuously shown by the lines of flow in vitreous rocks (flow-structure, fluxion-structure, fluidal-structure). Fluidic (fl«|i’tlik), a. ff. as prec. + -ic. Cf. F .fluidique (sense 2).] 1 . Of the nature of a fluid. 1883 Winchell World-life 11. ii. § 6. 242 The .. older fluidic condition .. impresses more important results on the life-history of satellites. 2 . Spiritualism. Of or belonging to a supposed supersensible ‘ double * (of ‘ fluid * or ethereal con¬ sistence) possessed by every being. 1877 Blavatsky Isis Unveiled I. i. 12 The Astral Soul, or the inner, fluidic body. 1882 Mabel Collins Colnvebs II. 179 The fluidic atmosphere which passes from one human being to another. 1887 H. S. Olcott tr. A. D’Assiers Posth. Humanity iv. 103 Besides its exterior and organic form, the human body possesses an interior and fluidic form, moulded after the former. So Plxii diform a. \fl. fluidiforme .] 1887 H. S. Olcott tr. A. D'Assier's Posth. Humanity ii. 68 The existence of a plexus of fluidiforin capillaries con¬ necting the phantom with the body from which it emanates. FLUIDIFY. 359 FLUME. Fluidify (fl«i i'difaT, v. ff. as prec. + -(i)fy.] trails. To make fluid. 18S1-9 D a rwin in Man. Sci. Enq. 283 Granite rocks which have been fluidified. 1859 Todd Cycl. Anat. V. 280/2 This fluid condense*, fluidifies the respiratory gases in transitu. Hence Fluidified ppl. a. ; also Fluidifica tion, the action of making fluid; Flui difier, an agent that fluidifies. 1837 S. Smith Philos. Health II. x. 161 It., needs no apparatus for the .. fluidification of its food. 1842 Darwin Geol. Observ. 11. xiv. 118761 500 The fluidified granite. 1876 Bartholow Mat. Med. (1879) 2 35 The alvine dejections., consist at first of fluidified faeces. 1876 Garrod Treat. Gout (ed. 3)407 Bicarbonate of soda..causes a species of solution of the blood, and hence medicines of this class have been called fluidifiers. Fluidism (fl/^idiz’m). ff. as prec. + -ism.] 1 . The theory which refers all diseases to the state of the fluids in the body. 1835-6 Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 416/1 The less shall we feel inclined to admit the exclusive claims either of fluidism or solidism. i860 Worcester, Fluidism , the doctrine of those who refer all diseases to alterations of the fluids of the body. 2 . Spiritualism. The hypothesis of the existence of supersensible 1 fluidic’ bodies (see Fluidic 2). So Flaridist [see -ist], one who supports the hypothesis of fluidism (in either sense). 1888 Amer. Jml. Psychol. I. 500 All such facts favor the fluidists. Fluidity (fl«|i*diti). [f. Fluids. + -ity. Cf. Y .Jluidile.] 1 . The quality or condition of being fluid. 1605T1MME Qnersit. 1. iv. D b, Sulphur, .with his humidity, softnesse, and fluidity or passablenes. 1667 Phil. 'Trans . 11 . 491 A too great fluidity of the bloud. .may cause death. 1744 Berkeley Sir is § 60 Being good against too great fluidity as a balsamic. 1827 Faraday Chem. Manip. xv. 359 The cement should be heated to fluidity. 1858 Greener Gunnery 261 The immense resistance which the fluidity of the air offered to projectiles. 1869 Phillips Vesuv. iv. 107 A stream of lava of remarkable fluidity. b. fig. and of non-physical things. 1824 Galt Rothelan II. iv. iii. 116 If Ralph Hanslap had any fluidity of mind. 1873 Cotite-mp. Rev. XXII. 794 The remarkable diffusion and fluidity of these distinctively Semitic names of God. 1886 Mrs. Lynn Linton Paston Carew iii, He. .ridiculed the fossilization of Toryism equally with the fluidity of Radicalism. 1^92 Speaker 3 Sept. 294/2 The fluidity and informality of the Church’s prime. 2 . Of speech, literary composition, etc.: The cjuality of flowing easily and clearly. 1603 Florio Montaigne I. xxxvi. 115 First a blithe and ingenious fluiditie [F. Jluidite ], then a quaint-wittie and loftie conceit. 1822 Ne7u Monthly Mag". VI. 441 Singing with .. sweetness and fluidity. 1880 Swinburne Study Shahs, ii. (ed. 2) 91 There is the same comparative tenuity and fluidity of verse. 1883 Nation (N. Y.) 29 Nov. 446/3 The letters [of Mme. de Remusat].. have much grace, much fluidity of thought, and of expression. Fluidize (fl/Hdoiz), v. [f. Fluid + -ize.] Ivans. To convert into a fluid ; to fluidify. 1855 in Clarke Diet. Fhridly, adv. rare. [see-LY 2 .] In a fluid manner. 1678 Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 419 If they see a man talk seriously they talk fluidly nonsense. 1690 tr. Plutarch's Mor. III. viii. 15 This being fluidly disposed did run into those places which were hollow. + Flu'idness. Obs. [see -ness.] The state or quality of being fluid; fluidity, lit. and Jig. 1626 Donne Sertn. lxxx. 817 The fluidnesse, the transitori- nesse of all such temporall things. 1547 H. More Song of Soul Notes 388 The fluidnesse of the Planetary heavens is acknowledged. 1670 W. Simpson Hydrol. Ess. 137 The eucrasy & fluidness, .of this balsamick ferment. f Finish, a. Obs. In 5 flewische. [f. Flue a. + -ish.] Somewhat weak or drooping. Of the countenance; Haggard, melancholy. ^1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 777 With a flewische countenaunce. 1674 Ray N. C. I Fords, Finish, fluid, wa[s]hy, tender, weak. Fluit, obs. form of Flute. Fluitant (fl/ 7 *itant), a. rare. [ad. L. Jluitant- etn, pr. pple. of Jhiitdre freq. of Jluere to flow.] Floating. 1676 H. More Remarks 54 That the fluitant parts of the Air in this more subtle fluid may yield to motion every way. 1889 Cent. Diet., Fluitant, in dot., floating. Fluke (fbrk), sb . 1 Forms: 1-2 floe, flooc, 5-6 floke, (5 fiewke,) 6-9 flook (e, 6-7 flouk(e, (6 Sc. fluike), 8-9 fleuk, flowk, (8 dial, fleak, fluck, 9 dial, fluik), 4- fluke. [OE.flbc str. (of uncertain gender), cognate with ON .flohe wk. masc. ; related by ablaut to Ger .flack flat.] 1 . A flat fish, esp. the common flounder, Pleuro- 7 iectes Flesus. a 700 Epinal Gloss. 1602 Platisa , flooc. a 1000 Cleric Colloq. in Wr.-Wiilcker 94 Fage and floe and lopystran and fela swylces. 14.. Nom. ibid. 705 Hie pelafiius , a fiewke. 1478 Botoner I tin. (Nasmith 1778) 291 Homines possunt piscare .. de flolces. 1523 Fitzherb. Hush. § 55 And thou cut the lyuer [of a rotten shepe] therin wylbe lytell quicknes lyke flokes. 1602 Carew Cornwall 106 b, Wry-mouthed Flooke. 1744 Preston in Phil. Trans. XLIII, 61/2 In the Sea they catch.. Flukes, Trouts, &c. 1790 Mrs. A.Wheeler Westmld. Dial. 28 I’ll gie the a Fleak an a Pot-ful a Saur Milk. 1819 Scott Antiq. xi, I’ll bid you a shilling for the fluke and the cock-padle. b. as a type of flatness. ?a 1400 Morte Arth. 1088 Flatt ipowthede as a fluke. a 1605 Montgomerie Flyting 70. Pelwart m I’s fell thee like a fluike, flatlings on the flure. 1804 R. Anderson Cnmberld. Ball. 106 Her feet flat and braid, as big fluiks. c. slang. ■= Flat sbj 13. 1804 Sporting Mag. XXIII. 201 The unguarded flukes, whom they can inveigle to play. 2 . A parasitic trematoid worm, of several species, found esp . in the livers of sheep, so called from its resemblance to a fluke or flounder. [Cf. quot. 1523 in sense 1.] 1668 Wilkins Real Char. 11. v. § 2. 123 Insects, .whose shape doth somewhat resemble a Flounder, found, .in. .the liver of several of the Ruminant kind.. Fluke. 1755 Nicholls in Phil. Trans. XLIX. 247 A small flat worm, resembling a sole..is found in the gall- duct, by the butchers term’d flooks. 1845 Budd Dis. Liver 399 Fourteen flukes were found .. in the duodenum of a Lascar. 1884 in Chamb. Jml. 3 May 278/2. 3 . A variety of kidney potato, perh. so called from its shape. 1868 N. «$• Q. Ser. iv. I. 100. 1874 E. H. Ruddock Text¬ ile. Mod. Med. (1893} 38 The best sorts [of potatoes] are .. the Forty-fold, and the Fluke. 1884 in Ches/i. Gloss. 4 . attrib. and Comb. a. simple attrib. (sense 2), as fluke-disease , -wotmi ; b. instrumental (sense 2), as fluhe-infesied adj. ; c. similative (sense 1), as fluhe-inouthed adj. Also fluke-rake, a rake with triangular prongs used for taking flukes ; fluke- wort (see quot. 1S61). 1884 Chamb. Jrnl. 3 May 278/1 This disease—Liver-fluke, * Fluke Disease, Liver-rot, as it is variously termed. Ibid. 278/2 The bodies of *fluke-infested sheep. 7^1400 Morte Arth. 2780 Thow wenes for to flay us, *ffloke-mouthed schrewe. 1766 Brookes Art Angling 85 In the hot Months, there are great Quantities caught with the*Fluke- Rake. 1794-6 E. Darwin Zoon. (1801) IV. 250 When the - fleuk-worm is preying on the substance of their livers. 1802 Bingley Anim. Biog. (1813) III. 395 Fluke-worms are oftentimes very numerous in the viscera of quadrupeds. 1597 Gerarde Herbal. 11. cxliii. § 3. 424 In Northfolke it [Water Pennywoort] is called *Flowkwoort. 1861 Mrs. Lankester Wild Flowers 61 Marsh Pennywort, .is also known as.. Fluke-wort, and Sheep’s-bane. These..names it has obtained on account of its being supposed to produce the rot. .in animals that feed upon it. Fluke (fh 7 k), sbA Forms: 6-8 flook(e, 6 Sc. fluik, 7 flouke, (flouck), 8- fluke, [of un¬ certain origin ; possibly a transferred use of Fluke sb.l, from resemblance of shape; cf. the inadmissible suggestion in the following quot. 1886 R. C. Leslie Sea-painter s Log x. 200 The name 4 fluke ’ or ‘ flowk * well expresses the shape of the flounder, which is that of the fluke of an old-fashioned anchor. See also Flue sb.«* 2.] 1 . One of ‘ the broad triangular plates of iron on each arm of the anchor, inside the bills or extreme points, which, having entered the ground, hold the ship ’ (Admiral Smyth). 1561 Eden Arte Naitig. A iij b, The Thirreni founde the vse of the anker of one graspe or flooke. 1600 Holland Livy xxxvii. xxx. 962 Her owne anker, which by one of the floukes tooke fast hold. 1743 Bulkeley & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 115 All Hands haul’d .. which weigh’d the Grapenel, but streighten’d one of the Flukes. 1864 Tenny¬ son En. Ard. 18 Among the waste and lumber of the shore. .Anchors of rusty fluke. b. The barbed head of a lance, arrow, etc. Cf. Fluked 1629. Also US. ‘one of the barbs of a harpoon or toggle-iron; a flue’ {Cent. Piet.). a 1605 Montgomerie Misc. Poems xxviii. 58 And eviry shaft.. To haif als mony heeds, And evirie head als mony huikis, And evirie huik als mony fluiks. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage v. xvii. (1614) 544 A great launce couered with gold and the fluke set with stones. 1841 Catlin N. Amer. hut. (1844) b v * 33 The one [arrow] with long flukes or barbs. c. A name for various instruments resembling the prec. in shape : see quots. 1841 Hartshorne Salop. Ant. Gloss., Fluke, a lancet used for letting blood from horses. 1849 Weale Diet. Terms, Fluke , in mining, the head of a charger ; an instru¬ ment used for cleansing the hole previous to blasting. 1878 Cumbld. Gloss. Supp., Fleukk, the web of the plough sock. 2 .pi. 1 The two parts which constitute the large triangular tail of the whale’ (Adm. Smyth). To turn or peak the flukes : of a whale, to go under (see qifot. 1839); hence transf. (Naut. slang) to go to bed, ‘ turn in \ 1725 Dudley in Phil. Trans. XXXIII v 256 While young, and carried by the Dam on the Flukes of their Tails. 1839 T. Beale Nat. Hist. SperniWhale 44 The flukes are then lifted high into the air, and the animal, .descends perpendicu¬ larly., this act..is called by whalers‘peaking the flukes’. 1851 H. Melville Whale iii. 21 It’s getting dreadful late, you had better be turning flukes..it’s a nice bed. i860 Hartwig Sea *$• Wond. vi. 79 The tail-fin, or 4 flukes ’. 3 . attrib. and Comb., as {light)fluke plough ; fluke- chain, -rope, a chain or rope which is passed round the flukes of a whale to secure it when caught. 1851 H. Melville Whale lxxxii. 399 The whale..was secured there by the stiffest ^fluke-chains. 1775 G. Wash¬ ington Writ. (1889) II. 461 Get 2 light *fluke Plows. Hence Fluked a., having flukes. 1629 Z. Boyd Last Battell I. 14 Death..with its sting, like a flooked Dart, for to pierce thorow the heart of men. 1831 J. Holland Manuf. Metal I. 96 Three or four fluked anchors are to be constructed. Fluke (fl/ 7 k), sbA colloq. [of unknown ety¬ mology. Possibly of Eng. dialectal origin ; cf. '■fluke, a guess’ (Whitby Gloss. 1876).] In Billiard- playing, A successful stroke made by accident or chance. Hence gen. a lucky stroke, an unexpected success; a piece of good luck, esp. in phrase by a fluke. A Jluke of wind : a chance breeze. 1857 N. <$■ Q. Ser. 11. IV. 208/1 In playing at billiards.. Another term is, 4 He made a flook (or fluke)’. 1861 H. Kingsley Ravenshoe v, That was rather a fluke, was it not? 1868 Yates Rock Ahead 1. vi, The most unexpected fluke at trente et quarante. 1882 Bain J. S. Mill 194 The transfer of power has gone on. .by flukes and leaps in the dark. 1889 H. F. Wood Eng. of Rue Cain x, Whose run¬ away horse he had stopped, .by the merest fluke. Hence Flu keless a , without a fluke. 1895 Wes/m. Gaz. 5 Jan. 7/2 It was a faultless, flukeless performance on a standard table. Fluke (flwk), sbA. dial. [app. a. ON .floke of same meaning: see Flock j/». 2] (See quots.) 16.. T. More in Ray's N. C. Words (E. D. S.) note s. v. Flukes, locks of hair. Salop. 1847 Halliwell, Fluke , waste cotton. Lane. Fluke (fldk), w. 1 [f- Fluke j/;. 2 ] 1 . intr. Of a whale : To use the flukes, to 'peak the flukes ’: see Fluke sbA 2. 1840 F. D. Bennett Whaling Voy. 6 note, There she blow-o-s ! Th-e-r-e again ! Flukes ! 1892 R. Kipling Barraek-r. Ballads 206 Where the scared whale flukes in flame ! b. transf. in phrase {To go) fluking ox all fa-) fluking (see quot. 1867). 1840 R. H. Dana Bef Mast xxviii, We arrived on the following day, having gone 4 all fluking ’. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s. v. Flukes , From the power of these [flukes of a whale] the phrase obtained among whalers of fluking ox all-a-JJuking, when running with a fresh free wind. 2 . trans. In IVhaling ,. a. To disable the flukes of (a whale) by spading, b. To fasten (a whale) by means of a chain or rope. {Cent. Did.) Fluke (fl/ 7 k), vfl Also flook. [f. Fluke j^. 3 ] 1 . trans. Billiai'd-playing: To hit or pocket (a ball) by a fluke; to make (a stroke) by a fluke. 1881 Times 14 Jan. 8/2 Bennett..tried for a cannon, but fluked the white, and..ran out the winner by 90 points. 1888 Sportsm. 20 Dec. 4/4 Fortune once more assisted Mitchell, who, in trying to make a red loser, fluked a cannon. 2 . transf. To get (in) or obtain by a fluke. 1885 Pall Mall. G. 18 June 2 On the chance of crowding or fluking in one [picture] he will send the whole eight. 1889 Ibid . 2 May 7/3 It is very questionable whether the artist is really any better off for fluking ^500 or £ 1000 now and again for a picture which is worth ^50. 1892 Ibid. 25 Aug. 1/3 He wanted to fluke a last success. Hence Flu king* vbl. sb Flu king* ppl.a., charac¬ terized by a fluke or flukes. Flukist, one who succeeds rather by chance than by skill. 1865 Daily Tel. 21 Aug. 4 The sensation which was created last year by the Miner’s fluking victory over Blair Athol. 1881 Society 23 July 24/1 Time, .willshow whether Mr. Beck is a lucky flukist or a really good shot. 1882 Miss Braddon Ml. Royallll. viii. 155 She would play that fluking game which she most affected at billiards. 1893 G. D. Leslie Lett. Marco xxi. 142 There is a lot of fluking in the art..when we once begin to try and make a good picture it is all up with it. Fluky (fk 7 *ki), a . 1 Also 9 flukey, [f. Fluke sbd + -Y 1 .] Infested with flukes; pertaining to an animal infested with flukes. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss., Fluked or Fluky , worm- eaten, or rather when the worm holes channel or flow into each other. 1874 ‘ C. King’ Ion Duan (Melbourne) lxv. 25 Regardless-of flukey meat and damper. Flu*ky, afl rare— 1 . In 8 flooky. [f. Fluke sbfl 4- -Y L] Of an anchor : Having flukes. 1718 Rowe tr. Lucan 81 No loud-mouth’d Voices call.. To heave the flooky Anchors from the Sand. Fluky (fl? 7 *ki), a A Also flukey, [f. Fluke sb. 3 + -y 1 .] 1 . Of the nature of a fluke or lucky chance ; obtained by chance rather than by skill. 1879 Sal. Rev. 5 July 21 There was some flukey hitting off Mr. Steele. 1881 Standard 8 July 6/1 Lascelles scored a fluky two in the slips. 1886 G. B. Smith Prime Minis- ie?-s 310 The ministry .. sustained an actual but fluky defeat. 1893 Pall Mall G. 21 June 5/2 The result..is a capital example of the flukey nature of the game. 2 . Uncertain ; favouring unexpected results. 1880 Daily Tel. 7 Sept., There are the fluky days, when the best of the breeze brings all the stern boats up to you. 1882 Sat. Rev. LIV. 706 A very fluky etymology. 1894 Times 16 Apr. 10/3 The Britannia .. beating Oretta and Valkyrie I. hull down in very fluky winds. Hence Flukily adv. Flukiness. 1881 Daily News 22 June 2/7 He had played very flukily. 1888 Ibid. 7 July 6/5 When all has been said..as to the flukiness of cricket on wet wickets. Flumatic, see Phlegmatic. t Flumbarding. Obs. rare. [app. f. OF .flam- bard torch.] ‘A fiery character’ (Weber). c 1300 K. A/is. 1788 Hit is an hardy flumbardyng. Flume (fl? 7 m), sb. Forms: 2-6 ftum, 3 O11/1. fiumm, (3 flun), 3-4 flym, 3-5 flumme, 3-6 flom(e, 4-5 flomme, 5 floum, 8-9 doom, 4- flume. See also Fleam, [a. OF . flum, flun — Vs. flam, It. flume L. fliimen river, f .Jluere to flow.] f 1 . A stream, a river; also, water. Obs. CII75 Lamb. Horn. 141 Ine flum iordan. a 1300 Cursor At. 1035 pis flumraes four pat par biginnes, thoru out all oper centres ritines. a 1300 Magdalena 427 in Horstmann A tteng. FLUME. 360 FLUNKEYDOM. Leg. 158 To |>e flym Jordan, c 1330 R. Brui^ne Chron. (1810) 186 At hat ilk flom Richard gaf bataile. c 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 1406 There bene baptismes thre OfT filvmme, of flavine, of blode. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 450 All into that flume Tha drownit ilkone becaus tha culd not swym. 1652 Gaule Magastrom. 247 A deep flume, which was called the water of Juno. 2 . A mill-tail. Cf. Fleam sb. 2 2. 1855 in Clarke Diet. 3 . U . S., etc. An artificial channel for a stream of water to be applied to some industrial use. 1784 J. Belknap Tour to White A its. (1876) 17 One [stream] is so narrow as exactly to resemble a flume, and goes by that name. 1798 Root Amer. Law Rep. I. 359 Laid the bottom of the floom to the grist mill..about four feet lower than the saw mill. 1862 B. Taylor Home # Abroad Ser. 11. ii. § 6. 126 Wooden flumes, raised on tall tressels, brought water from some reservoir above to the diggings. 1882 Harper's Mag. Nov. 865 A curious V shaped wooden aqueduct or flume. b. A deep narrow channel or ravine with a stream running through it. 1792 J. Belknap Hist. New Hampsh. III. 52 Two streams, .one of which descends in a trench two feet wide, and is called the flume, from the near resemblance which it bears to an artificial flume. 1841 C. T. Jackson Geol. Ne7u Hampsh. 97 It is not practicable to walk in the bed of the flume. 1889 J. D. Whitney United States 222 Flume..as applied in the United States, and chiefly in the White Moun¬ tains, means a narrow passage or defile between nearly perpendicular rocks, through which runs a stream. c. U.S. slang. To go or be up the flume : to 1 come to grief', 1 be done for *; to die. 1882 Mark Twain [Clemens] Stolen White Eleph. etc. 97 Well, then, that idea’s up the flume. 1888 Longm. Mag. XIII. 48 It’s no good wishing—he’s gone up the flume. 4 . Comb., as flume-car (see quot.). 1884 Knight Diet. Mech. IV. 350/1 Flume car , a car to travel in a flume; wheels rest on the sides of the flume and the water runs a paddle wheel. Flume (fl/ 7 m), v. [f. prec. sb.] 1 . intr. To build a flume or artificial channel for a water-course. 1855 in Clarke Diet. 1883 Burton & Cameron Gold Coast II. xvi. 116 The hydraulic system of sluicing and fluming. 2 . trans. To convey (or bring in) down a flume. 1875 Miss Bird Sandwich I si. (1880) 76 The cane is being flumed in with great rapidity. 3 . (See quot.) 1876 Whitney in Encycl. Brit. IV. 701 The rivers..were ‘ flumed ’—that is, the water was taken out of the natural channel by means of wooden flumes. Hence Flu*ming vbl. sb. ; in quot. concr. = material composing a flume. 1879 Atcherley Bocrland 173 The unsightly fluming and other erections which continually meet the eye. t Flu minal, a. obs.— 1 [ad. L. fluminal-is f. jhimen river.] Of or pertaining to a river. 1633 T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter ii. 8 Fluminall baptisme is a cold proofe of a mans Christendom, except this flaminall baptisme of fire, .approve it. (Cf. £1450 s. v. Flume sb. 1.) + FluminO'Se, ci. Obs.— ° [as if ad. L. *flu- minos-us , f. Jhimen: see prec. and -ose.] ‘ Full of rivers * (Bailey vol. II. 1727). t Flu 'minous, a. obs .— 0 [f. as prec.: see -ous.] Full of rivers; of or pertaining to rivers. 1656 in Blount Glossogr. 1721-1800 in Bailey. Hence in mod. Diets. Flummadiddle (flcmadid’l). U.S. Also flumme-. [prob. arbitrarily f. Flummery.] 1 . (See quot.) 1872 S. De Vere Americanisms 338 Flummadiddle. .con¬ sists of stale bread, pork-fat, molasses, cinnamon, allspice, [etc.]; by the aid of these materials a kind of mush is made, which is baked in the oven and brought to the table hot and brown. 1884 Sala in Illustr. Lond. News 19 July 51/2. 2 . slang. Nonsense, humbug; also, something trivial or ridiculous. 1882 E. Cummings in Chicago Advance 21 Sept., Direc¬ tions for. .crocheting all sorts of flummediddles. t Flummer (fl^mai), v. Obs. [prob. two words: in sense 1 app. onomatopoeic; in sense 2 back-formation from Flummery.] 1 . trans. To repeat indistinctly, mumble. 1533 Latimer in Foxe A. «$• M. (1563) 1310/2 As though the very worke & labour of flummering the Aue Marie is very acceptable to our Lady. 2 . To deceive by flattery, to humbug. 1764 Foote Mayor of G. 11. i. 37 No flummering me. I tell you, Matthew, ’twont do. 1777 F. Burney Evelina xvi, Do they spend all their time in flummering old women? Flummery (ftomari). Also 7 flommeri, flumery, thlummery, 7-8 flamery. [a. Welsh llymru, of unknown etymology; the Jl- and Herbert’s till- are attempts to render the sound of Welsh //-; cf. Fluellin.] 1. ‘A kind of food made by coagulation of wheat- flour or oatmeal 9 (J.). Cf. Sowens. 1623 Markham Eng. Houseiv. vi. 222 From this small Oat-meale, by oft steeping it in water and clensing it, and then boyling it to a thicke and stifle Ielly, is made that ex¬ cellent dish of meat which is so esteemed in the West parts of this Kingdome, which they call Wash-brew, and in Chesheire and Lankasheire they call it Flamerie or Flumerie. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 150 The poore eat Rice some¬ times, but most commonly Roots..and Fraize like to our Thlummery. 1760 Goldsm. Cit. W. lviii, A farmer..who Used to sup upon wild ducks and flummery. 1821 Blackw. Mag. VIII. 541 Let Leigh Hunt sing of cabbages and flummery. 1839-73 Bywatf.r Sheffield Dial. (1877) 257 Whoile he’s had his throit scalded we heitin flummera. b. Modern Cookery. A name given to various sweet dishes made’with milk, flour, eggs, etc. 1747 Mrs. Glasse Cookery xvi. 146 To make Hartshorn Flummery. Ibid. 147 To make French Flummery. 1769 Mrs. Raffald Eng. Househpr. (1778) 187 When you make a hen’s or bird’s nest, let part of your jelly be set in your howl before you put on your flummery. 1877 Cassells Diet. Cookery , Flummery —Boil two ounces of gelatine [etc.]. c. (See quot.) 1876 Crace-Cai.vert Dyeing ‘ri), sb. [? onomatopoeic, suggested by flaw , hurry etc. ; cf. also Flurr v.~\ 1 . A sudden agitation of the air, a gust or squall. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India $ P. 128 marg ., Flurries from the Hills carry Men and Oxen down the Precipice. 1726-7 Swift Gulliver 1. i. 22 The boat was overset by a sudden flurry from the north. 1831 Scott Jrul. 18 Nov., Wind .. dies away in the morning, and blows in flurries rather con¬ trary. 1890 Pall Mall G. 3 Dec. 1/3 You may watch ‘ catspaws ' and ‘ flurries ’ on their rapid way. fig. 1820 J. Q. Adams Mem. 2 June (1875) V. 137 His flurries of temper pass off as quickly as they rise. b. Chiefly U.S. A sharp and sudden shower; a sudden rush (of birds'). 1828 in Webster. 1836 W. Irving Astoria III. 91 Occa¬ sional flurries of snow. 1868 Lowell First Snowfall 15 The sudden flurries of snow-birds, Like brown leaves whirl¬ ing by. 1892 Stevenson Across the Plains 223 Spat upon by flurries of rain. 2 . A sudden commotion or excitement; perturba¬ tion, nervous agitation, flutter, hurry. 1710 Palmer Proverbs 82 A man is never more expos’d to temptation than in the flurry of his passions. 1768-74 I Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 485 If we exert our endeavours, not in a fright and a flurry, but with a calm, steady deter¬ mination, we [etc.]. 1836 W. Irving Life *5* Lett. (1866) III. 94 ,1 cannot tell you how happy I was to. .leave behind me the hurry and worry and flurry of the city. 1882 Mrs. Ravens Tempt. II. 190 ‘ That’s sure to be the upshot of flurries and hurries and frights.’ transf. 1878 Browning Poets Croisic cxxxviii, Flurry of ruffles, flounce of wTg-ties. b. The death-throes of a dying whale. 1823 J. F. Cooper Pilot xvii, He’s going into his flurry. 1882 lllusir. Sport. S Dram. News 18 Mar. 7/3 Unless you should be struck by the tail of a frantic cetacean during the ‘ flurry ’ or slaughter. 3 . Comb, as flurry-scuny. 1888 Pall Mall G. 28 May 1/2 So utterly and hopelessly incomprehensible does your recent flurry-scurry appear to the enlightened foreigner. Flurry (fl*rri), v. [f. prec. sb.] 1 . trans. To bewilder or confuse as by haste or noise; to agitate, 1 put out \ a 1757 E. Moore Envy Fort. 71 ‘ Well may you wonder To see me thus flurry’d.’ 1771 Mad. ~D'Arm.ay Diary July, This flurried me violently, insomuch that my inemory failed me. 1832 Ht. Martineau Hill # Valley i. 11 How you flurry yourself for nothing. 1886 G. R. Sims Ring o' Bells xvi. 283 He .. flurried the other performers, and seemed only in a hurry to. .quit the stage. 2 . intr . To flutter down in sudden or gusty showers. 1 U. S. 1883 H. H. Kane in Harper's Mag. Nov. 947/2 The music seemed, .to flurry, like snow*flakes, from the ceiling. 1884 Roe Nat. Ser. Story vii, The petals of the cherry were | flurrying down like snow in every passing breeze. 46 FLURTED. Hence Flu rried ///. a .; Flurriedly ndv., in a flurried manner. 1775 Mad. D Arblay Diary May, She was so much flurried, that [etc.]. 1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Dam. III. 235 To calm her flurried spirits. 1834 Blackw, Mil". XXXV. 137 Running flurriedly out. 1844 Alb. Smith Adv. Mr. Ledbury xxiv. (1886) 75 Titus immediately re¬ turned the salute with flurried courtesy. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 208 What are you saying? he asked flurriedly. Flurshe, Flurt, obs. ff. Flourish, Flirt. Flurt(e, var. form of Fleurettke. tFlu'rted, tpl- a. Obs .- 1 [anglicized form of Yx.Jlenrett, Fleurettee.] Flowered, figured. 13 .. E. E. Allit. P. A. 208 Wyth flurted flowrez perfet vpon. Flush (floj), sbO [f. Flush zl 1 ] A flight of birds suddenly started up. Also transf. 1596 Spenser F. Q. v. ii. 54 When a Falcon hath. .Flowne at a flush of ducks. 1668 H. More Div. Dial. 11. x. (1713) 118 When one shoots at a flock of Pigeons or a flush of Ducks. 1868 Kinglake Crimea (1877) III. i. 146 A body which might almost he called a mere flush of skirmishers. Flush (fl»J), sb . 2 [f. F LUSH Z/. 2 ] f 1 . A pool or puddle. Obs. 1375 Barbour Bruce xih. 20 The battale thair so felloune was And sua richt gret spilling of blud, That on the erd the fiuss it stud. 1513 Douglas fEneis vn. Prol. 54 Every hie way Full of fluschis, doubbis, myre and clay. 2 . A sudden increase in the volume of a stream ; a rush of water coming down suddenly, or let down for a specific purpose. 1529 More Dyaloge in. Wks. 245/2 It woulde happely be thought not a thyng metely to be aduentured to set all on a flushe at ones, and dashe rashelye out holye scryp- ture in euerye lewde felowes teeth. 1677 Yarranton Engl. Improv. 189 By making three Holds for water in the River .. to be let down as flushes in dry times. 1691 Ray Crca- tion 11. (1704) 316 The pulsation of the heart, driving the blood through them in manner of a wave or flush. 1850 Netherway Suggest. Drainage Lond. 18 By a small reser¬ voir, and letting it off by sluices .. a sufficient flush would be obtained. 1854 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XV. 1. 13 Cattle driven by a flush of water to some isolated spot of ground. 1870 Illustr. Lond. News 24 Sept. 319 Owing to. .the want of a good flush of water, few of them [trout] were taken. b. A sudden plentiful increase or abundance of anything. Also, rarely, T the mass, great majority. 1592 G. Harvey Four Lett. Ep. Ded. Wks. (Grosart) 1 .156 In such a flush of notable good fellowes. 1617 Crt . Times Jas. /(1849) II. 7 When upon such a flush we are already come to so low an ebb. a 1626 Bacon Certificate 0/Mint Wks. 1740 I. App. 63 The great flush of gold that is come into the Mint since the proclamation, a 1679 T. Goodwin Wks. II. hi. 112 The shoal and the flush of Mankind. 1738 [G. Smith] Curious Relat. II. 311 When they had given their Folly a sudden Flush. 1823 Blackw. Mag. XIV. 507 The last flush of passengers is seen in the streets. c. The stream from a mill-wheel. a 1825 in Forby Voc. E. Anglia. 1892 Lottgm. Mag. Nov. 87 Nets so placed as to intercept them as they pass through mill flushes. d. Coal-mining. (See quot.) 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining , Flush , a small quantity of ignited fire-damp. 3 . A rush of emotion or passion; elation or excitement arising from this, or from success, vic¬ tory, etc. Phr. in the {first, ftill) flush. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World 111. 17 Unreasonable flushes of proud and vaine joy. 1692 R. L’Estrangf. Fables ccccxliii, Never had any Man such a Loss, .cries a Widdowcr, in the Flush of his Extravagancies for a Dead Wife. 1829 Lytton Devereux 11. vii, In the full flush of his .. restless schemes. 1843 Lever J. Hinton xxii, A momentary flush of passionate indignation. 1850 Merivale Rom. Einp. (1865) 1 . i. 40 The plunder of all Italy, .was too tempting to be relinquished in the first flush of victory. 1867 Parkman Jesuits N.Amer. xvii. (1875) 241 The Confederates at this time were in a flush of unparalleled audacity. 4 . A sudden shooting up; a fresh growth (of grass, leaves, or flowers). Also in full flush. 1773 Steevens in Shaks. Wks. Note on A ear iv. vi. 124 A horse .. turned out in the spring to take the first flush of grass. 1803 Trans. Soc. Encourag. Arts XXI. 120 The showers in July, .bringing up a new flush of annuals. 1844 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. V. 1. 49 The general flush of grass.. comes on generally late in April. 1882 Garden 11 Mar. 169/2 Avoid producing a too vigorous flush of vine. 1893 Cornh. Mag. Nov. 534 Brown coolies are picking the young shoots, now in full ‘ flush’ after a heavy shower. 5 . The act of cleansing (a drain) by flushing. 1883 Pall Mall G. 21 Nov. 4/2 The quantity for a flush is two gallons. 6 . A glow of light or colour, esp. the reddening in the face caused by a rush of blood; also, the rush of blood itself. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Praise Cleane Linncn Wks. 11. 1691 When bright Phoebus .. roabes the welkin with a purple flush. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Flush , a Red Colour in the Face. 1803 Med. Jrnl. X. 552 Periodical hectic flushes. 1832 Ht. Martineau Hill 4- Valley iv. 55 I see a fiery flush, .which I suppose comes from some iron¬ work near, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xviii. 131 A warm flush ran through me. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. iv. xvi. 299 ‘ It belongs to me ’, returned the little creature, with a quick flush of her face and neck. 1873 Black Pr. Thule xxiv. 405 Along the west, .lay a great flush of gold. fig. 1851 Carlyle Sterling 1. iii. (1872) 13 Sudden flights to Dublin, to London, whithersoever any flush of bright outlook, .allured him. b. A hot fit in a fever. 1858 O. W. Holmes Aut. Break/, t. x. 99 The throbbing flushes of the poetical intermittent. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Flush, the hot stage of a fever. 362 7 . Glow, freshness, vigour (of beauty, health, life). 1735 Somerville Chase iii. 449 The Flush of Beauty in their Cheeks. 1826 Disraeli Viv. Grey v. x, Meeting death in the very flush of life. 1856 Masson Ess. v. 166 Swift.. in the full flush of his new popularity .. visited England. 1874 Miss Braddon Taken at Flood ii, It was in the very flush of summer. 8. Comb., as flush-box, -pot, -tank, -vent; flush- wheel (see quot. 1874). 1884 Knight Diet. Mech. IV. 350/2 * Flush Box , a cistern for especial use in dwellings where the supply of water is intermittent. 1884 G. E. Waring in Century Mag. Dec. 264/2 The outlet of the *flush-pot is closed with a plug. Ibid. 255/1 House drainage, .begins at the sewer, or ^flush-tank. 1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 60/2 Owen’s Patent Single *Flushvent. 1874 Knight^ Diet. Mech. I. 892/1 * Flush- wheel ', a wheel used in raising water for draining. Flush (fl^J), sb .3 Cards, [proximate source uncertain; F. has flux, flus from 15th c., Sp .flux (prob. from F., as the native form would be fluxo, mod. flujo), Flem. (16th c.)fluys (from Fr.); Florio 1611 gives It. flusso in the same sense (now obs.). The F. and It. words appear to be merely special uses of the words in those langs. repr. L .fiuxus flow, Flux (for the sense in cardplaying cf. run). The Eng. word prob. owes its form to association with Flush sb. 2 ] 1 . A hand consisting of cards all of one suit, or including a prescribed number all of one suit. a 1529 Skelton Sp. Parrot 424 He facithe owte at a fflusshe, with, shewe, take all ! 1599 Minsheu Span. Dial. 38/2 The Queene of Diamonds with which I made the last flush, a 1618 J. Davies Wittes Pilgr. Wks. (Grosart) 31/1 Your Prim’s far inferior to their Flush. 1785 in Archaeo- logia VIII. 132 If they [cards] are all of the same colour, he wins the flush. 1836-9 Dickens Sk. Boz (1850) 187/1 A flush !—that’s good for four. 1891 Punch 26 Dec. 305/1, I guess there’s a straight flush against me. + 2 . A certain game at cards. Obs .~ 0 1598 Florio, Flussata, a play at cardes called Flush. Flush (floj), aO [?f. Flush v. 2 ] 1 . Abundantly full. In later use chiefly of a stream, etc.: Full to overflowing, swollen, in flood. 1607 Shaks. Timon v. iv. 8 Now the time is flush. 1647 H. More Poems 333 Her [the Moon's] hollow horns fill’d up with flusher light. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. 393 Small Brooks of fresh Water, that run flush into the Sea for 10 months in the year. 1826 Disraeli Viv. Grey iii. vi, In the flush moment of joy. 1841 Hartshorne Salop. Antiq. Gloss, s.v., ‘ The Sivirn’s pretty flush 1^2 Browning Fifine lxxxviii, Unchoked, the channel's flush. f b. ? ‘ Up to the mark ’, perfect, faultless. Obs. C1550 Wever Lusty Juventus ciij, I could so beare the busshe That al shuld be flusshe. That euer I dyd. 2 . Full of life or spirit, lively, lusty, vigorous. Flence, Self-confident, self-conceited. Now rare. 1604 Shaks. Ham. (Qo. 2) in. iii. 81 A tooke my father .. With all his crimes broad blowne, as flush [Ff. fresh] as May. 1606 — Ant. <$• Cl. 1. iv. 52 Many hot inrodes They make in Italy, the Borders Maritime Lacke blood to thinke 011’t, and flush youth reuolt. 1611 Coryat's Crudities Panegyricke Verses Civb, He had a kind of simple blush That kept him still from being flush, When Ladies did him woe. a 1680 Charnock Attrib. God (1834) II. 569 Not as flush and gay ..as others, a 1690 E. HorKiNs Exp. Lord's Prayer , etc. (1692) 297 The practice of some flush Notionists. 1767 FI. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1792) I. iv. 143 Both appeared quite flush and con¬ fident of victory. 1826 J. Wilson Nod. Ambr. Wks. I. 5 The flush maiden, the rosy elf. 1894 Hardy Life's Little Ironies , Trag. Two Ambitions 84 Her bright eyes, brown hair, .and flush beauty. 3 . Plentifully supplied {esp. with money). Const. of, (f in, + with!) Of money: Abundant, plenti¬ ful. 1603 Dekker Batch. Bang. viii. Gija, Some dames..are more flush in crownes then her good man. 1637 Heywood King Sp Loyal Subject \\\. Wks. 1874VI. 45 So flush of money, 1 and so bare in clothes. 1662 Dryden Wild Gallant 11. i, Since j you are so flush, Sir, you shall give me a Locket of Diamonds. 1667 Waterhouse Fire Lond. 28 Monies being not so flush with them. 1712 Arbuthnot John Bull 1. iii, He was not flush in ready, either to go to law, or clear old debts. 1727 Philip Quay'll 81 Ill Language, of which they generally are flush, when Money is scant. 1767 S. Paterson Another Trav. I. 235 While they were flush with money. 1793 T. Jefferson Writ. (1830) IV. 482 Money being so flush, the six per cents run up to twenty-one, and twenty-two shillings. 1838 Dickens Nick. Nick. xiv. The first floor lodgers, being flush of furniture, kept an old mahogany table, .on the landing place outside. 1871 M. Collins Mrq. <$• Merch. II. ix. 269 Tom. .is always very flush or very hard up. b. dial. Lavish, profuse. 1703 Thoresby Let. to Ray (E.D.S.), Flush , full-handed, prodigal, wasteful. 1859 Geo* Eliot A. Bede 6 ‘When y’are six-an’-forty .. ye wonna be so flush o’ working for nought.’ 1884 Chesh. Gloss., Flush, lavish. c. Of times: Prosperous. 1840 W. Irving Life $ Lett. (1866) III. 153 If times ever again come smooth and flush with me. 1847 Disraeli Tancred iii. vi, Everything being thus in a state of flush and affluent prosperity. 1888 Daily Nerus 17 Dec. 2/8 The output probably is greater now than it was during the best of the ‘ flush' times which preceded the long depression. 4 . Of a high colour; blushing, ruddy; flushed. 1594 Drayton Idea 107 Thy Cheeke, now flush with Roses. 1817 Keats Let. Nov., Wks. 1889 III. 97 Jane looked very flush when I first looked in, but was much better when I left. 1821 — Isabel xxvii, Sick and wan The brothers’ faces .. did seem, Lorenzo's flush with love. FLUSH. 5 . Even, level, in the same plane (whether hori¬ zontal or vertical) with (dial. by). [?Orig. of a river or stream running full (cf. sense 1), and so level with its banks: see quot. 1877. Cf. Float.] 1791 Bentham Panopt. 1. 172 Why..place it [the build¬ ing] in a recess, rather than close to the road, and flush with the surrounding wall? 1831 Brewster Nat. Magic xi. (1833) 285 He observed the edge of a pin flush with the edge of the receptacle. 1874 Moggridge A fits $ Spiders 11. 91 The entire door does not shut flush with the surface. 1877 N. W. Line. Gloss, s.v., * Watter was flush by th’ bank top.' b. Even or level with the adjacent surface. Bead andflush work , etc. (see quot. 1846). Flush work : (a) Jewellery : work in which the stones are level or nearly level with the setting, {b) Bookbinding : work in which the edges of the binding and leaves are cut level. 1823 P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 160 The parallel faces of both are made flush, and. .appear almost like one single piece. 1846 Buchanan Techn. Did., Bead and flush work, a piece of framed work with beads run on each edge of the inclined panel. Bead, flush, and square work, framing with bead and flush on one side, and square on the other. 1850 Chubb's Locks 4 * Keys 32 The bellies of the tumblers in Mr. Chubb’s lock were always flush, or in the same plane. 1869 Sir E. J. Reed Shipbuild. x. 180 The edges of the strakes of plating were fitted against one another, and the flush-joints thus formed were covered by internal edge-strips. 1883 W. C. Russell Sailors ’ Lang., Flush-up , said of a cargo that comes up to a level with the hatches. 1884 B'ham Daily Post 23 Feb. 3/4 Jeweller’s Setter.—Wanted, a good Hand, used to flush work. 1885 J. Grant Royal Highlanders iii. 32 The original castle .. starts flush from the edge of the rock. 1892 Pall Mall G. 13 Jan. 2/3 Flush work, which is the elementary work of our trade [book¬ binding]. C. Of a vessel’s deck : Continued on one level from stem to stern. Also flush fore and aft. 1626 Cai*t. Smith Acrid. Vng. Sea-men 11 A flush decke. 1772-84 Cook Voy. (1790) VI. 2216 The decks, fore and aft, being finished flush, had no covering for men or officers. 1840 R. H. Dana Bcf. Mast. xxii. 66 Her decks were, .flush fore and aft. d. Of a vessel: Having no erection above the flush deck. 1800 Naval Chron. III. 294 The Danae is a flush vessel; the Captain’s cabin is therefore below. 1833 Marryat P. Simple (1863) 261, I recollect faring harder than this through one cruise, in a flush vessel. 6. Pugilism. Of a blow: Direct, full on the mark, ‘straight from the shoulder*. 1812 Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 18 He planted some dex¬ trous flush hits. 1826 IF. N. Coleridge West Indies 161 Audain. .knocked him down with a flush hit on the nose. 7 . Comb., in parasynthetic adjs. as (sense 1 b), flush-colotired ; (sense 4 c), flush-decked, -jointed, -plated. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (i8it) VI. xlii. 159 Lying upon a couch, .bloated and *flush-coloured. 1883 J. D. J. Kelly in Harper s Mag. Aug. 450/2 The *flush-decked .. well- ventilated deep boat. 1869 Sir E. J. Reed Shipbuild. x. 180 In all succeeding arrangements, the butts of the plates were *flush-jointed. Ibid., x. 185 The unprotected parts of the later iron-clads above the armour-belts are *flush-plated. Flush (flpj), af Cards, [f. Flush sbA] 1 . fa. Of a player: Holding a flush, i. e. cards all of the same colour or suit {obs.). b. Of a hand or sequence: Forming or including a flush. a. 1591 Florio Sec. Fmites 71, I was neither flush nor flue and fiftie yet. a 1612 Harington Epigr. 11. 99 Crassus stopt a Club and so was flush. b. 1883 Longm. Mag. Sept. 499 A flush sequence..a sequence of high cards all of the same suit. 2 . traiisf. {nonce-use). Of corresponding quality throughout. a 1658 Cleveland Young Man to Old Woman 33, I love to wear Clothes that are flush, Not prefacing old Rags with Plush. Flush (flz>J), 0* 3 Obs. exc. dial. [Of obscure etymology ; peril, an altered form of *fludge, a possible dialectal representative of OE. flyege Fledge a. (cf. cudgel from OE. cycgel\ the form may be due to the influence of next vb.] = Fledge a. 1561 Hoby tr. Castiglionc's Courtycr (1577) Xviijb, Such as come to this loue are like yong Birdes almost flushe. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhoucr's Bk. Physicke 80/2 When as they [swollowes] at*e fetherede, and allmost flushe. 1622 Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman D'Alf. 1. iii. ii. 196 Then are they..like birds that are flush, to forsake the nest. 1825 Britton Beaut. Wiltsh. III. 373 Flush, fledged. Flush (fitfj), v . 1 [perh. onomatopoeic; with initial fl- suggested by fly, flutter, etc., and an ending imitative of the sound of a swift sudden flight; cf. rush. (Some dialects have flush : see Flusker v.)] 1 . intr. To fly up quickly and suddenly; to start up and fly away, j* Also, to flutter, to fly with fluttering wings, transf. Of a door: To fly open. a 1300 K. Horn 1080 Horn the wyket puste, That hit open fluste. a 1300 Floriz <5- Bl. 473 per fliste ut a buterfli^e. 1399 Langl. Rich. Redcles 11. 166 pe blernyed boynard.. Made pe ffawcon to ffloter and ffiussh (For anger. 1558 Phaer /Efieid. v. M iv, Flushing loud she flappesher winges. 1583 Stanyhurst A ends 1. (Arb.) 30 Se wel yoonder swans twelue in coompany flusshing. 1626 B. Jonson Masque of Owls, I make ’em to flush Each owl out of his bush. x 773 Poetry in Ann. Reg. 233 Another bird, just flushing at the sound, Scarce tops the fence. 1876 Forest \ Stream 13 July 376/1 The spot from which the first [a woodcock] had flushed. FLUSH. FLUSHNESS f b. trans . To flutter (the wings). Obs. 1558 Phakr AEncid. v. N iv, Of the stroke the bird afraied. Did flickring flush her vvinges. 2. trans. To cause to fly or take wing; to put up, start; also with up. 1450 Bk. Hawkyng in Ret. Ant. I. 297 Lete the spanyell flusch up the covey. ? 1645 C. Morton Enquiry in Hurl. Misc. (1810) V. 503 When they are flushed, or raised to the wing. 1772 Barrington in Phil. Trans. LX 11. 309 When¬ ever a woodcock..is flushed, he is roused from his sleep by the spaniel or sportsman. 1872 C. Innes Led. Sc. Legal Antiq. ii. 65 A mirror for flushing larks as still used in Italy. absol. 1888 Times 15 Nov. 11/3 Pat Regan’s hay and oats were thrown down because his sons flushed for Sir H. Burke. + 3. intr. Of persons : To rush like birds on the wing ; to flock, swarm ; also with in, out. Obs. c 1450 Merlin xx. 330 All the x wardes of the kynge leodogan were flusshed to the standerd. 1581 J. Bell Haddon ?s A nsw. Osor. 32 After them whole flockes of interpretours flusht in. 1 bid. 292 b, Neyther had .. so many swarmes of Heretickes flushtabroad. 1642 H. More Song of Soul n. ii. I. ii. They straight flush out and her drad voice obey : Each shape, each life doth leapen out full light. Hence Flirshing vbl. sb ., a fluttering of the wings ; a rustling rushing noise. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvm. i. (1495) 741 Fisshe hereth.. for they fle and voyde flusshynge and noyse. c 1420 Pullout on Hiisb. 1. 628 A shuddering, a flusshing and affray He maketh thenne. 1583 Stanyhurst Aeneis in. (Arb.) 77 With a suddeyn flushing thee gulligut harpeys From moun- tayns flitter. Flush. (fl*?/), vA [Of uncertain etymology. Perh. orig. identical with prec., the notion of ‘sudden movement ’ being common to the two vbs. But the develop¬ ment of meaning appears to have been influenced by phonetic association with Flash z/. 2 (nearly all the senses of which have passed over to this vb., either unchanged or with modifications traceable to the echoism of the differing vowel), while the senses relating to colour have been affected by association with blush. It is doubtful whether there has been any influence from F. flux (see Flvx) or fiuiss-,fiuir to flow (whence the Du .fluissen to flow violently).] I. Expressing sudden movement, esp. of a liquid. 1. intr. To rush out suddenly or copiously, to spurt; to flow with force or violence; also with forth, out, over, up. Said esp. of liquids, a river, etc., but also of immaterial things and fig. 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. IV (an. 1) 18b, A..furious storme sodainely flusshed and drowned . xii. of his great shippes. 1567 Drant Horace's Epist. xv. E vj, Wine, .that will flushe into my mynde, and vaines. 1581 J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 221 From hence flush out all _ these fluddes of complaints. 1624 H. Mason Art of Lying ii. 35 The .. Well-head, whence first flushed forth this muddy Nylus. <21625 Fletcher Nice Valour in. ii, O your crush’d nostrils slakes your opilation And makes your pent powers flush to wholsome sneezes. 1678 Bp. Nicholson Exp. Catech. Ep. Ded. 5 More will flush over and be lost, than poured into the Vessel. 1691 Ray Creation (1714) 45 Milk. .being heated to such a degree doth suddenly .. flush up and run over the vessel. 1707 Mortimer Husb. 574 It [Beer] flushes violently out of the Cock for about a Quart. 1855 Singleton Virgil I. 237 It flushes through nine mouths, a broken sea. 2. To cause (water) to flow; to draw off; to draw off water from (a pond). 1594 Nashf. Vnfort. Trav. 57 If those ponds were so full they need to be flust or let out. 1815 Pocklington Canal Act 35 If any person shall.. cause to be flushed or drawn off any water. + b. To burst out with, pour out suddenly. 1601 Dent PatJiw. Heaven 142 Hee will flush out some of these [oathes] in his ordinarie speech. 1642 R. Baker tr. MaIvezzVsDisc. Tacitus 166 He after makes his greedinesse of blood'appeare the more,by flushing it out all at once. 3. To cleanse (a drain, etc.) ; to drive away (an obstacle) by means of a rush of water. 1789 Trans. Soc. Encourag. Arts VII. 59 Paddles .. are drawn up by screws, to flush away any obstacle. 1862 M. Hopkins Hawaii 32 Rains..play their part in flushing streets. 1871 Napheys Prev. $ Cure Dis. 1. v. 141 Sewer pipes should be flushed from time to time. absol. 1850 Netherway Suggest. Drainage Loud. 4 This would entirely dispense with the necessity of flushing. transf. and fig. 1861 Wynter Soc. Bees 277 The hot-air bath flushes the external sewers of the body.. 1880 Beale Slight Ailin. 173 The alimentary canal is thoroughly flushed in every part. 1884 Henley & Stevenson A dm. Guinea 1. viii, Flush out your sins with tears, b. To inundate (a meadow). 1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf xxxvi, Another con¬ siderable body of water, .had been carried off. .to flush the water-meadows. 4. intr. Of a plant: To send out shoots; to shoot. Also trans. in causative sense. 1810 [see Flushing vbl. sb. 1 c]. 1877 N. JV. Line. Gloss., Flush , to make to grow. * This sup o’ rain hes flush’t th’ gress nistly.’ 1893 Cornh. Mag. Nov. 543 The frequent showers .. ‘ flush ’ the tea about every fortnight. 1893 Chamb. Jml. 7 Oct. 629/2 The [tea] plants flush, or throw out fresh shoots, all the year round. 5. intr. ‘ To become fluxed or fluid ’ (Cent. Diet.). 1885 Farrow Milit.Encycl.s.v. Brazing The solder flushes or becomes liquid enough to permeate the joint or crevice. II. With reference to light or colour. 6 . intr. + a. To emit light or sparks suddenly, b. To glow with sudden brilliance. Cf. Flash vfi 5 and 7 . 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 11. v. goCamphire though it flame well, yet will not flush so lively. Ibid. Thus in the 363 preparation of Crocus Metallorum, the matter kindleth and llusheth like Gunpowder. b. 1809 Campbell Gertr. JVyom. 11. xxv, Here and there, a solitary star Flush’d in the darkening firmament of J une. 1842 Tennyson Lockslcy Ilall 26 A colour and a light, As 1 have seen the rosy red flushing in the northern night. 1868 Farrar Silence <$• V. 11. (1875) 46 The sunrise of its first day flushed over the manger. 7. Of the blood, etc. : To come with a rush, pro¬ ducing a heightened colour. Cf. sense 2 and Flash v , 2 9 . 1667 Milton P. L. ix. 886 In her Cheek distemper flushing glowd. 1677 Dkyden State Innoc. v. i. 30 What means. .That blood, which flushes guilty in your face ? 1708 Rowe Royal Convert iv. i, A burning Purple flushes o’er my Face. 1813 Byron Br. Abydos 1. xiii, What fever in thy veins is flushing? 1845 Clough Early Poems xvii. 15 The mantling blood to her cheek Flushed up. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xiii, The blood flushed in Eliza’s pale face. 8 . Of the face, etc. : To become suffused with warm colour ; to become suddenly red or hot; to ‘ colour up ’, redden, blush. Also with up or with adj. as complement. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 33 r 7 My Lord passes by; I flushed in a flame. 1789 W. Buchan Dom. Med. (1790) 177 The face generally flushes after eating. 1851 D. Jerrold St. Giles x. 102 His face flushed red as flame. 1869 Dixon Tower I. x. 96 Henry flushed into rage. 1890 Besant Demoniac\w. 45 George flushed up; but he restrained himself. quasi-trans. 1730-46 Thomson Autumn 262 Her rising beauties flush’d a higher bloom. 9. trans. To make red or ruddy; to cause to blush or glow. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. x. 33 Thy own Apollo came. Flush’d were his Cheeks. 1731 A. Hill Adv. Poets i, The Low Muse who lends Her feeble Fire, To flush pale Spleen. 1784 Cowper Tiroc. 833 Flushed with drunkenness. 1834 Medwin Angler in Wales I. 138 I had left my home young ..flushed with health. 1873 Black Pr. Thule xvii. 277 A face flushed with shame. b. In wider sense: To suffuse or adorn with glowing colour. I 74^-7 Hervey Reft. Floiuer-Garden 62 They [tulips] flush the Parterre with one of the gayest Dresses that blooming Nature wears. 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. II. 69 Straying beams .. In copper-coloured patches flush the sky. 1889 Lowell Latest Lit. Ess. (1892) 83 A meadow flushed with primroses. 10. To inflame with pride or passion ; to animate, encourage ; also with up ; rarely , f to initiate in. Cf. Flesh v. 1 , which has influenced the sense. 1633 T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter ii. 6 This so flesheth and flusheth her, that she thinks no more of God. 1667 Dryden Maiden Queen 1. i, But once or twice only, 'till I am a little flush’d in my Acquaintance with other Ladies, and have learn’d to prey for my self, a 1716 South Serm. (1737) IV. 141 This [success] flushes him up. 1713 Addison Cato 1. ii, Armies flush’d with conquest. 1742 Johnson Debates in Pari. II. 94 They, .who have flushed their new authority by a motion which [etc.]. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 276 Flushed with the insolence of their first inglorious victories. 1867 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) I. iv. 183 Flushed with success they entered the Norman duchy. Flush v - 3 [ f - Flush a. 1 5.] 1. trans. To make flush or level; to fill in (a joint) level with the surface; to ‘ point ’. 1842 Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss., Flush., to leave no vacant space where the stones or bricks do not nicely fit in their places. 1883 H. S. Drinker Tunnelling in Eissler Mod. High Explosives (1884) 238 In driving a heading, particular care should be taken that unnecessary cost in flushing the clear profile does not arise. 2. IVeavmg. a. trans. To throw (a thread) on the surface over several threads without intersecting, b. intr. To float over several threads without in¬ tersection. (See quots.). 1878 A. Barlow Weaving 173 The threads [in tissue¬ weaving]. .float or flush upon the surface of the cloth rather than form a component part of its substance. Ibid. 176 Two.methods .. for flushing or throwing the thread to form the tissue figure. Hence Flushing vbl. sb., the action of the vb. (sense 1 ); also concr. (sense 2 ), see quot. 1853 Archit. Publ. Soc. Did., Flushing, .the operation of filling in the joints of brickwork or masonry with mortar. 1878 A. Barlow Weaving Index, Flushing, threads not required in the body of the cloth, and left loose on the surface. Flush (fl*/f), vA [?var. of Frusii.] trans. and intr. (See quots.) Hence Flirshing vbl. sb. 1739 La be lye Short Acc. Piers Westm. Bridge 77 Cham¬ fering the Joints hinders the flushing or breaking of the Edges of the Stones. 1853 Archit. Publ. Soc. Did. s.v., Masons, .say that a stone has flushed, where more or less of its arrised edge has broken away in consequence of that edge being more loaded than the rest of the bed. Flush (fl^J), adv. [f. Flush a. 1 ] fa. Directly, straight, b. Pugilism. With direct force or with full effect. 1700 Farquhak Constant Couple v. i, This girl is just come flush from reading the Rival Queens ! i%iz Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 139 Thorn, .hitting his antagonist flush on the head right and left. 1888 Sporting Leader 15 Dec., Wilson, .leading off, and getting the left flush on the face. Flushed ppl. a. ff. Flush v 2 + -ed k] 1. Suffused with red or ruddy colour. 1690 Lond. Gaz. No. 2576/4 A Maid-Servant, .extremely red and flushed, round her Mouth. 1793 Beddoes Lett, to Danuin 53 A medical friend .. was much struck with the flushed appearance of my countenance. 1849 Ruskin Scv. Lamps iv. § 39. 129 Flushed and melting spaces of colour. 1882 Miss Braddon Mt. Royal i, I knew what the flushed cheek, .and the short cough meant. 2. Heated, excited. 1749 Smollett Regicide in. viii, Their flush’d intemper¬ ance will yield Occasion undisturbed. 1893 Critic (1 ’oston) 25 Mar. 184/1 The solitary caprice of a flushed fantasy. Flusher 1 (flzrjai). [f. as prec. + -EH k] One who is employed to flush sewers. 1882 Pall Mall G. 12 June 1/2 Superintendent of flushers. Hence Plu'sherman, a sewer-11 usher. 1851 Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 28 The policeman on duty there wears huge, .flushermen’s boots. Ibid. II. 151. Flusher 2 (flwjai). dial. Also flasher, [of un¬ certain origin ; by some regarded as a corruption of Flesher (cf. the synonym butcher-bird ) ; by others referred to Flush v. 2 , the name being sup¬ posed to refer to the red colour. Cf. also Flush v. •] The Red-backed Shrike, Lanius collurio. 1674 Ray Eng. Words 83 The lesser Butcher-bird, called in Yorkshire, B’lusher, Lanius tertius. 1885 Swainson Prov. Names Brit. Birds 48 Red-backed Shrike ( Lanius collurio'). . Flasher or Flusher (Cornwall). + Flush-flash, v. Obs. rare- 1 . [Cf. Flish- flash.] intr. To flash repeatedly. 1583 Stanyhurst Aeneis 1. (Arb.) 20 Thee lightnings riflye doe flush flash. Flushing ( fir>Jli]), sb. [f. Flushing (Du. Vlis- singen) a port in Holland.] A kind of rough and thick woollen cloth, so called from the place where it was first manufactured. 1833 Marryat P. Simple x, Pea jackets .. made of.. Flushing. 1879 Unif. Reg. in Navy List July (1882) 496/2 To be of flushing, with seven buttons, .on each side. attrib. 1832 Darwin in Life Lett. (1887) I. 242 A., flushing jacket. 1837 Marryat Dog-fiend iii, Wrapped up in Flushing garments [he] looked, .like a bear. Flu'sliing, vld. sb. [f. Flush v 2 + -ino k] 1. The action of the verb Flush in various senses. fa. A rushing or splashing (of water). Obs. 1573 Twynne AEneid. x. Ddivb, His monstrous saluage lims through froth, through fome with flushing launch. b. The cleansing (of a sewer, etc.) by a rush of water. 1853 Archit. Publ. Soc. Did., Flushing. 1884 Times (weekly ed.) 14 Nov. 12/2 The flushing of sewers is. .a most important part, of'the rapid removal of refuse. c. Of a plant: The sending out of new shoots. 1810 Scott Lady of Lake in. xvi, Our flower was in flushing, When blighting was nearest. 1894 Times 6 Apr. 4/6 [Tea] plants exhibiting great difference in form and luxuriance of growth and flushing. 2. A sudden flowing (of blood to the face); a wave (of heat) ; hence, reddening, redness. 1589 R. Harvey Pl. Perc. 22 Walke about, and coole this flushing in the face. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 1. ii. 155. 1677 Lond. Gaz. No. 1180/4 A tall slender Man, with a great flushing in his face. 1731 Arbuthnot Aliments i. § 2. 9 The Signs of the Functions of the Stomach being deprav’d, are..a Flushing in the Countenance [etc.]. 1803 Med. frill. X. 11 Its approaches are marked by head-ach .. flushings of heat. 1875 H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 348 Local flushings caused by small doses of the poison. 3. A flush or wave (of emotion, success, etc.). a 1679 T. Goodwin Wks. V. 11. 163 It was not properly a Passion, which is a subitaneous flushing. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 351 IT 15 The transient Flushings of Guilt and Joy, which the Poet represents in our first Parents upon their eating the forbidden Fruit. 1775 S. J. Pratt Liberal Opiii. (1783) IV. 78 This strange mortal..was so truly elevated by the present flushings of his prosperity, that he said and did [etc.]. 4. attrib . and Comb .: as flushing cistern , gate, machine ; also flusliing-rim (. House-plumbing ), * a hollow rim pierced with holes surrounding a basin, through which water can be turned into the basin to flush it out’ ( Cent . Did.) ; flushing- wheel = flush-wheel. 1894 Daily News 9 Oct. 5/2 To raise the capacity of ^flushing cisterns from two to three gallons. 1856 Proc. Inst. Civ . Eng. XVI. 43 *Flushing Machines, for cleansing house drains and sewers. 1884 G. E. Waring in Century Mag. Dec. 263/1 The closet is supplied with water through an ordinary * flushing-rim. 1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 98/2 Automatic ^Flushing Wheel for utilizing waste water from Baths. Flushing (fl»'Jiq\ ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing 2 .] 1. That flows quickly ; rushing. 1550 Bale Image both Ch. in. xix. Cciij b, It sounded .. as it hadde bene the flushynge noyse of manye waters. 1596 Sbenser F. Q. iv. vi. 29 The swift recourse of flushing blood. 2. Exhibiting or producing a sudden glow. 1728-46 Thomson Spring 95 Array’d In all the colours of the flushing year. 1793 Southey Tri. Woman 307.No flushing fear that cheek o’erspread. 1820 Shelley Sensitive PI. 11. 14 Her tremulous breath and her flushing face. Flushinger (flwjiqaj). [f. Flushing (name of a Dutch port) + -EU k] A Flushing vessel or sailor. 1689 Lond. Gaz. No. 2553/2 The English Vessel, .was the next day retaken by a Flushinger. 1865 Athenaeum No. 1967. 43/1 Boarded by the Flushingers. Flu shingize, v. nonce-wd. [f. as prec. + -ize.] trans. To make like an inhabitant of Flushing. 1602 J. Davies Minim in rnoduni Wks. (Grosart) 10/2 Since our English (ah) were Fiusheniz’d, Against good manners, and good men they kicke, As Beasts they were. Flu'shness. [f. Flush afi] The quality or condition of being flush in various senses. 1661 Gauden Life Hooker 37 Those .. whose interest it is, like Hernshaws, to hide the meagerness of their bodies, by the flushness of their feathers. t868 Seyd Bullion 52 An 46-2 FLUSHY. 364 FLUTE. over-issue of Paper Money in a country may apparently create a momentary flushness. 1878 Sir G. G. Scott Led. Arc/tit. I. 279 Windows in which the glass was flush with the exterior, and all the splay put inside.. This excessive flushness is less frequent as the style advances. Flusliy (llo ji), a. [f. Flush sb. orv. + -Y 1 .] Somewhat flushed, or inclined to flush ; reddish. 1706 in 14 th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. in. 28 Aug., A middle- sized man, of a flushy complexion. 1850 Browning Christmas Eve in Another rainbow'rose—a mightier, Fainter, flushier, and flightier. 1876 I lid. Yorksh. Class., Flushy is com¬ monly applied to any red colour. Flusker (fltfsko.i), v. Obs. exc. dial. [freq. of flush ‘to fly at, as two cocks’ (‘Tim Bobbin’ Lane. Dial.), ‘to startle*a bird out of a bush’ ( Almond - bury Gloss., E.D.S.). Cf. Flush v. 1 , Flasker v .] 1. a. inir. To flutter or fly irregularly. 1660-1794 [see Fluskering vbl . sb. and ppl. a.]. 1820 Clare Rural Life (ed. 3' 150 A blackbird, or thrush, That, started from sleep, flusker’d out of the bush. 1821 — Fill. Minstr. 1. 94 The crowing pheasant . . fluskers up. 1877 Leigh Chesn. Gloss., Flusker .. to fly irregularly, as nestlings taking their first purposeless flight. 2. Ira ns. To fluster, confuse. Only in pass. 1841 Hartshorne Salop. Autiq. 429 ‘ Meetily flusker’d 1854 Baker Northamptonsh. Gloss. I. 248, ‘ 1 was so fluskered, I could not tell what to do’. Hence Flu skering* vbl. sb. and fpl. a. 1660 FI. More Myst. Godl. vi. vi. 228 The offers and fluskerings, as I may so say, of the Faculties of the Soul of man. . 1668 — Div. Dial. II. 48 What strange .. fluskering conceits flie up into the youthful imagination of Hylobares. x 794 Gisborne Walks Forest (1796) 69 Then with fluskering wings Broke forth. 1821 Clare Fill. Minstr. I. 72 The fluskering pheasant took to wing. + Fluss. Ohs. rare. [a. Ger. Jlusz, f. root of flieszen to flow, Fleet.] ^-Flux sb. 11 . 1683 Pettus Fleta hi in. 1. 199 Fluss is made by taking Litharge, Glass-gall,and melted Salt, .and filed Iron, and.. graind Lead. 1 bid. 11. s.v., FI us .. sometimes .. is called Lead-Glass, which being put into dissolvible metal, it gives expedition to their Dissolutions. Fluss, obs. (Sc.) f. Flush sb 2 . + Fluste. Obs. rare. 1570 Levins Manip. 194 A Fluste, Jlustrum. Fluster (fltf*sUi), sb. [see next vb.] 1. fa. Excitement proceeding from intoxication (obs.). b. A confused or agitated state of mind; a flurry, flutter. 1710 Tatler No. 252 ? 4 When Caska adds to his natural Impudence the Fluster of a Bottle. 1728 Vanbr. & Cib. Prov. Husb. 111. i, He has been in such a Fluster here. 1848 Lowell Biglcnv P. Poems 1890 II. 85 In the Tower Victory sets, all of a fluster. 1863 Mrs. C. Clarke Shaks. Char. viii. 209 All this fluster may have arisen from a horror of the steward. + 2. ?Pomp, splendour. Cf. Fluster v. 3 c, d. Obs. 1676 Marvell Mr. Smirke Wks. (Grosart) IV. 12 His wit consisting wholly in his dresse. he would, .have it all about him; as to the end that being huff'd up in all his ecclesias¬ tical fluster, he might appear more formidable, a 1716 South Serm. (1737) VI. vi. 233 Let no present fluster of fortune .. transport the man himself with confidence. Fluster (fitfstej), V. Also ?5 flostre, 9 dial. flowster. [This and the related sb. closely resemble in sense the mo&.\ce\. flan sir hurry, bustle, flaustra to bustle. Cf. Bluster v .] + 1. ? trails. ? To excite, stimulate. Obs. 1422 [see Flustering vbl. jA]. 2. trans. To flush or excite with drink, make half-tipsy. 1604 Shaks. Oth. 11. iii. 60 Three else of Cyprus .. Haue I to night fluster’d with flowing Cups. 1731 Fielding Ldt. Writers 11. v, My nephew .. hath taken me to the Tavern, and. .almost flustered me. 185. T iiackeray Eng. Hum.' iii. (1876) 233 His head is flustered with burgundy. 3. nitr. To be excited or eager; to move with agitation or confusion ; to bustle. 1613 K Robarts Re7'. Gospel 136 Who will not fluster to be one? 1636 Div. Trag. lately Acted 27 A blacke ball flew into the bell free .. then it flustered about the Church. 1808 Jamieson, Fluster, to be in a state of bustle. 1865 G. Meredith R. Fleming xliii. (1890) 369 He broke out upon Mrs. Sumfit..which caused her to fluster guiltily. 1879 ( ortih. Mag. June 699 They flustered out, abashed like poultry who have been played upon with garden hose. *893 1 C Kipling hiany Invent. 16 The Dutch gunboat came flustering up. I k,\ Of seed : To shoot up quickly; to push. 1650 I. Bayly 11 erba Panetis 123 Both were exceeding glad to see the come so fluster upon the ground that was sown by their hands. c. To bluster, swagger, d. dial. See quot. 1661 [see Flustering///, a.]. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Flowster ox fluster, to flourish or flutter in showy colours. 4. trans. To flurry, confuse. 1724 R. Falconer Voy.{ 1769)267 My scattered Thoughts, that were flustered upon that Occasion. 1760 A. Mukiiiy Way to Keep Him 1. ii, Madam, if I was as you, 1 would not fluster myself about it. 1816 Scott Autiq. xxxiv, The aged housekeeper was no less flustered and hurried in obeying the numerous .. commands of her mistress. 1870 Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. Iii. 9 Men must not too much fluster us. Hence Flu stering vbl. sb. and ppl. a. Also Flu’sternient, the state of being flustered. 1422 tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. (E. E. T. S.) 129 The flostyrynge of the loscngers that the[e] Plesyn, thou sholdyst gretly drede. 1661 98 South Serm. III. 263 The Flustring Vain-glorious Greeks. 1804 Bewick Brit. Birds 11. 135 When it is very closely pursued, and compelled to rise, it [the coot] does this with much flustering and apparent difficulty. 1895 Expositor Apr. 296 Palpitations, fluster- ments, hesitancies seem to turn our message into farce. + Fltrster-blirster. nonce-ivd. [comic re¬ duplication of Bluster.] A ‘ blustering ’ wind. So Fluster-blusterer, a blusterer. 1696 hloiithly Mercury VII. 85 The French. .are. .seeking an early Atonement of the French Fluster Blusterer. 1708 Motteux Rabelais v. vi, Unless you are resolv’d to en¬ counter. .iEolus and his Flusterblusters. Flustered (fto-staid), ppl. a. [f. Fluster v.] 1. Half-drunk, fuddled. 1615 Sir E. Hoby Curry-combei. 11 Yet as flustred as hee was. .hee could text her with Labia Sacerdotis custodiunt sapientiam. 1710 Steele Tatler No. 3 p 1 A Young Nobleman who came flustered into the Box last Night. 1824 Lamb Elia Ser. ir. Capt. Jackson, You got flustered without knowing whence; tipsy upon words. 1824 Scott Red- gauntlet xiii, Becoming early what bon vivants term flustered. 1889 Barr^re & Leland Slang, Flustered (common) intoxicated. 2. Confused, disconcerted, flurried. 1743 Fielding J. Wild 11. v, Heartfree .. was. .too much flustered to examine the woman with sufficient art. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xxx. (1824) 699 My lord .. seemed very much flustered. 1863 Mrs. C. Clarke Shaks. Char. xv. 377 A vivid picture of a flustered man. 3. dial. (See quot.) 1876 Whitby Gloss., Fluster'd, reddened or irritated, .said of the feet. Flusterer (fl^'stsraj). U.S. [f. Fluster v. + -er 1 (see quot. 1808 ).] The common American cool, Fulica americana. 1709 Lawson Carolina 149 Black Flusterers .. Some call these the great bald Coot. 1808-14 A. Wilson Amer. Ornith. ix. 62 note. In Carolina they are called flusterers from the noise they make in flying over the surface of the water. Flustery (fltrsteri), a. [f. Fluster sb. orz>. + -y 1. Cf. Blustery.] Full of fluster; confused. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. (1873) V. xiv. iv. 188 A flustery singed condition. Flustra (flustra). PI. flustrse, -as. [a. mod. L. Jlustra .] The typical genus of polyzoa or bryozoa of the family Flustridx ,; the sea-mat. The name was first used by Linnaeus (Fauna Suec. ed. 2. 1761), who says that he has substituted it for the older name Eschara, because the latter was ‘homonymous with the name of a disease ’; but he does not give the etymology. 1825 Hamilton Handbk. Terms , Flustra, the sea-mat. 1855 Kingsley Glaucus (1878) 73 Here are Flustrae, or sea- mats. i860 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea xiii. § 560 The leaf¬ like flustras and escharas. Frustrate (fl-ystratia xxii, A single flute within the curtain began to send forth luscious strains. 1879 Stainer Music of Bible 80 A quartet was played by four flutes, treble, alto, tenor, and bass. fb. phr. To (go and) blow one's flute \ to ‘ whistle ’ for something. Obs. a 1529 Skelton Vox Populi vii. 9 When thei have any sute, Thei maye goo blowe theire flute. C. A flute-player. 1542 Privy Purse Exps. P’cess hlary (1831) 104 The Welshe mynstrels iijj. ixd. The Flutes xs. 1630 J. Taylor (W ater P.) Trav. Twelvcpcnce Wks. 1. 71/1 To Church¬ wardens, Cryers, To Fluits, Horse coursers, Sellers, and to Buyers. 1765 Meretriciad 48 Then, solus, hops., a dull Orcliestran flute. 1837 Dickens Sk. Boz, Tales ix, Two flutes and a violoncello had pleaded severe colds. 2. An organ-stop having a ilute-like tone. Also flute-stop (see 7 ). There are various kinds of flute-stops known by special designations, as the clear, harmonic, oboe, snake flute. 1613 Organ Specif. Worcester Cathedral , 1 flute of wood. 1776 Sir J. Hawkins Hist. Musick IV. 1. x. 147 The simple stops are the .. Flute .. and some others. 1855 HorKiNs Organ xxii. 118 As a Pedal stop, the Flute has not yet been much used in this country. 3. Applied to objects resembling a flute in shape, f a. A tall, slender wine-glass, used especially for sparkling wines. Called also flute-glass. Obs. 1649 Lovelace Lucasta 99 Elies of Beere, Flutes of Canary, That well did washe downe pasties-mary. b. A shuttle used in tapestry-weaving. 1727-41 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Tapestry, The flute does the office of the weaver’s shuttle. c. Cookery, etc. (See quots.) Perh. only Fr. 1855 Clarke Did., Flute, .gaufer. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, Flute, .a long thin French roll eaten at breakfast. 4. Arch. A channel or furrow in a pillar, resem¬ bling the half of a flute split longitudinally, with the concave side outwards. 1660 Bloome Air hit. A/i Stria, the flat lying between the Flutes. 1728 R. Morris Ess. Anc. Archil. 81 The Column is divided into twenty-four Flutes, and. .each Side contains three Flutes. 1879 Sir G. G. Scott Led. Archil. II. 126 Vast round columns, .having their shafts decorated with spiral, zig-zag, intersecting, and vertical flutes. 5. A similar groove or channel in any material. In Botany\ see quot. 1727 - 41 . 1727-41 Chambers Cycl., Flutes or Flutings are also used in botany, to denote the stems and fruits of certain plants, which have furrows analogous to those of columns. 1776 Withering Brit . Plants (1796) 111 . 98 The style., has 5 grooves or flutes to receive the 5 seeds with their ap¬ pendages. 1842 Bischoff Woollen Manuf. II. 393 These, instead of being wound round a roller, fall into the flutes of a fluted cylinder. 1855 Ogilvie Suppl., Flute, a channel in the muslin of a lady’s ruffle, similar to that in a column or pillar. 1865 Mrs. Palliser Lace xvi. 208 A cap of fine linen plaited in small flutes. 1878 Garnett in Encycl. Brit. VIII. 728 When it lies within the mean, or spheroidal, surface so as to form a ‘ flute ’, less surface is exposed by it. 6 . slang, a. (See quot. 1700 .) b. A pistol. a 1700 B. E. Diet, Cant. Crew, Flute , the Recorder of London, or of any other Town. 1842 S. Lover Handy Andy iii, ‘I’ll give it him in the pistol-arm or so’. ‘Very well, Ned. Where are the flutes?* 7. attrib. and Comb., as Jiute-girl, -maker, -music, -note ; flute-playing vbl. sb.; flute-like adj. Also llute-bird ( Australia ), the piping crow ( Gym no- rhina tibicen ) ; flute-bit (see quot.) ; flute-glass, see 3 above; flute-mouth, a fish of the family Fistulariidx ; flute-organ (see quot. 1 S 28 ); flute- player, ( a ) one who plays the flute; (b) a South American wren of the genus Cyphorinus ; flute- stop = sense 2 above ; flute-tool (cf. flute-bit) ; flute-work (see quot. 1 S 79 ). 1862 Kendall Poems 53 The * flute-bird’s mellow tone. 1874 Knight Did. hlech. I, 893/2 * Flute-bit, a wood-boring tool, .used in boring, .hard woods. 1853 Hickie tr. Aristoph. (1887) I. 22 Chaplets, sprats, ^flute-girls and black eyes. 1667 Bryden Sir hi. Mar-all v. i, Bring two * Flute-glasses and some Stools. 1729 Savage Wanderer v, The bullfinch whistles soft his ^flute-like notes. 1849 Marryat Valerie xi, Some ^flute-music. 1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 548 *Flute Mouths {Fistulariidx). 1833 Tennyson Blackbird 18 Now thy *flute-notes are changed to coarse. 1828 Busby Music. Mail., * Flute Organ , a little barrel-or^an, the compass and tone of the notes of which render it imitative of the German flute. 1633 Prynne Ilistrio-Mastix 1. mi. iii. 652 A * flute-player, a fidler, a harper. 1875 Longf. Pandora vi, Hear how sweetly overhead the feathered flute-players pipe their songs of love. 1831 Macaulay in Life $ Lett. (1880) I. 211 We had *flute-playing by the first flute-player in England. 1819 Rees Cycl., * Flute-stop on an Organ, 1887 Pall Mall G. 1 July 5/2 Chisels, modelling tools, files, *llute tools [etc.]. 1879 Hopkins in Grove Did. Mus. 1 . 538 * Flute-work, under this head are grouped all the flue- stops of whatever kind, shape, or tone, that are not classed as Principal-work, or Gedact-work. Flute (fl«t), sb. 2 Natit. Also 6 Suite, 7 fluyt(e. [a. Fx. flute, a. Du. fluit (whence the Fug. forms fluyt(e,fluit), perh. a transferred use of fluit— prec.] 1. (See quots.) 1567 Mapi.kt Gr. Forest 91 The best., are those that he called Fluta:, in Greke Plootai, good saylersor fluites. 1698 Froger Voy. 107 A Portuguese Flute, that carried Negros to All-Saints Bay. 1727-41 Chambers Cycl., Flute ox Fluyi, a kind of long vessel, with flat ribs or floor timbers; round behind, and swelled in the middle. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Flute or Fluyt , a pink-rigged fly-boat, the after¬ part of which is round-ribbed. 2. A vessel of war, carrying only part of her armament, to serve as a transport. 1666 Lond. Gaz. No. 77/2 Two Men of War .. with three Flutes of 18 or 20 Guns. 1799 Sir Sid. Smith 6 Feb. in FLUTE. 365 FLUTTER. Nicolas Nelson's Disp. III. 281 note, Captain Hood's list reported them to be eight in addition to two Flutes. 1876 J. Grant Hist. India I. xlvi. 231/2 Twenty-six sail, in¬ cluding eleven linc-of-battle ships..six flutes and transports. b. Hence Armed at flute (Fr. amid en flute) said of such a vessel. 1799 Naval Chron. I. 258 The Sceptre, 64 guns, armed en flute. 1832 Marryat N. Forster xxxv i. ‘ Flute (f\ut),v. [f.F lute sb . 1 , or ad. OF .fleiiter, mod. F .flitter.'] 1. intr. To play upon a flute or pipe. c 1386 Chaucer Frol. 91 Syngynge he was or flowtynge al the day. 1485 Caxton Paris £ V. 89 Thys is he that so sw'etely songe and Hoy ted. 1775 Sheridan Duenna 1. i, Fiddling, fluting, rhyming, ranting. 1842 Tennyson To E. L. on Trav. vi, To him who sat upon the rocks, And fluted to the morning sea. 1875 Miss Braddon Strange World i, Corydon fluting sweetly on his tuneful pipe. <4uasi-/ra«s. 1867 M. Arnold Poems , Thyrsis ix, And flute his friend, like Orpheus from the dead. b. To •whistle or sing in flute-like tones. 1800 Hurdis Fav. Village 206 And ouzle fluting with melodious pipe. 1848 Kingsley Saint's Trag. iv. iv, Fluting like woodlarks, tender and low. 1859 G. Mere¬ dith RFeverel xiv, The blackbird fluted, calling to her with thrice mellow note. 2. trans. To play (an air, etc.) on a flute; to sing in flute-like notes. 1842 Tennyson Morte D'Arth. 269 Some. .swan, .fluting a wild carol ere her death. 1847 — Princess iv. hi Men that lute and flute fantastic tenderness. 1847 Emerson Poems , May Day 59 The redwing flutes his o-ka-lee. 3. To form flutes (Flute j ?. 1 4, 5) in; to furnish with flutings; to arrange a dress, etc. in flutes. 1578 Lyte Dodoens iv. xiv. 468 Bockwheate hath round stalkes chanellured and fluted (or forowed and crested). 1665 Hooke Microgr. 148 The whole outward Superficies.. is curiously adorned or fluted with little channels. 1723 Chambers tr. Le Clore's Treat. Arcliit . I. 79 It had been better, .to have fluted the upper part. 1853 Lindley Vcg. Kingd. 601 The trunk appears as if fluted. 1862 M. T. Morrall Hist. Needle Making 37 He also took out a patent for grooving or fluting the sides of sail needles. 1862 Tyn¬ dall Mountaineer . ii. 12 Planing and fluting and scoring the rocks. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 11. x, A hatband of wholesale capacity—which was fluted behind. Fluted (fl/7 - ted), ppl. a. [f. Flute sb. 1 and v. + -ED.] 1. Having, furnished, or ornamented with flutes, channels, or grooves. Fluted-scale (Entomoli) — cushion-scale. Fluted spectrum, one in which the spectrum lines appear to be grouped in flutes. 1611 Cotgr. , CanelS, channelled, fluted, furrowed, straked. 1717 Berkeley Tour in Italy Wks. 1871 IV. 531 Four noble fluted pillars. 1801 Southey Thalaba vi. xx, And fluted cypresses rear’d up Their living obelisks. 1835 Ure Philos. Matiuf 121 United on one fluted portion of the rollers.* 1881 N. Lockyer in Nature No. 614. 318 Iodine •vapour .. gives us this fluted spectrum. 1882 Caulfeild & S award Diet. Needlework, Fluted Ruche, .is composed of single Box-pleats stitched to a certain depth inwards so as to leave the edges of the pleats loose. 2. Music . (See quot. 1828.) 1787 Beckford Italy II. 240 All the nauseous sweetness of a fluted falsetto. 1828 Busby Music. Man. s.v., When the upper notes of a soprano voice are of a thin and flute- fike tone,.they are said to be Fluted. 1879 E. Arnold Lt. Asia vi. xxvi, The koil’s fluted song, the bulbul’s hymn. II Flute-douce (fl«t,d;«s). Also 7 errou. -doux. [Fr. flute douce lit. ‘sweet flute’.] 11. The highest-pitched variety of the old flute with a mouthpiece. 1676 Etheredge Man of Mode 11. i, Nothing But Flute doux, and French Hoboys. 1679 Evelyn Diary 20 Nov., There was also a flute douce, now in much request for ac¬ companying the voice. 1747 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to C’tcss Bute 24 July, They are all violins, lutes, mandolins, and flutes doux. 2. An organ-stop so named. 1876 Stainer & Barrett Diet . Mus. Terms. f Flu’tenist. Obs. [f. Flute sbA ; cf. Ger. flotenist, Eng. lutenist.'] A flute-player, a flutist. 1647 R* Stapylton Juvenal hi. 42 These sometimes Flutenistes, Beare office now. 1687 tr. Heliodorus 1. 24 You have heard of Arsinoe, the Flutenist. 1718 Free-thinker No. 37 T 6 An excellent Flutenist. Fluter (fl/Ptoj). [f. Flute v. + -er 1 . Cf. OF. fleuteur .] 1. One who plays on the flute; a flute-player. Now rare ; replaced by Flutist or Flautist. CX400 Rom. Rose 763 These floutours, Minstrales and eek Iogelours. 1570 Levins Manip. 73 A Fluter, aulcedus. 1666 Pepys Diary 21 June, I saw .. a picture of a fluter playing on his flute. 1796 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. XXI. 499 Not a single fluter was to be found in the temple. 1856 Masson Ess., Th. of Poetry 440 You, fluter, with your silver flute! 2. One who makes flutings or grooves. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade , Fluter, one who grooves or channels metals .a person who goffers or plaits. Hence + Flu teress a female flute-player. 1611 Cotgr., Flcuteusc, a fluteresse ; a woman that playes on a flute. Flutina (fl«trna). [f. Flute sb . 1 with fern, ending -ina : cf. Conceutina.] A kind of accor¬ dion resembling the concertina. 1859 Sala Gas-light < 5 * D. xxiv. 274 Accordions, concer¬ tinas, and flutinas. Fluting (fl/7*tiij), vbl. sb. ff. Flute v. + -ing *.] The action of the vb. Flute in various senses. 1 . The action of playing on the flute or singing in flute-like tones; an instance of this. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) no Thou losest thyflateryng and swete floytyng. 1858 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. II. vi. vii. 108 Fritz’s love of music, especially of fluting. 1874 L. Morris Poems, To a Lost Love i, The earliest flutings of the lark. 1882 Gosse in Grosart's Spenser III. p. xxxix, The delicious flutings of Herrick. 2 . The action of making flutes in columns, or in frills, ruffles, etc. ; ornamentation with flutes; the result of this action, fluted work. Also attrib. in names of appliances for fluting, as fluting-cylinder , - iron , - lathe , - machine , - plane , etc. 1728 R. Morris Ess. Anc. Archit. 81, I must just explain .. the foregoing Plate concerning Fluting or Grooving. i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xix. 99 Granite, on which the flutings and groovings are magnificently preserved. 1864 Webster, I 1 'luting-plane (Carp.), a plane with curved face, used in grooving flutes. 1878 Bell Gegcnbaur's Comp. Anat. 104 Provided with various sculpturings, flutings, spines, ridges, and so on. 1879 Sir G. G. Scott Led. Archit. I. 87 Singular ornamentation, .by means of fluting. 3 . =Flute sb. 1 4, 5. Also collect. 1611 Cotgr., Caneleure, a fluting, channelling, straking, furrowing. 1613-1639 I. Jones in Leoni Palladio's Archit. (1742) II. 50 The fluting in front are deep half Circles. 1723 Chambers tr. Le Clerc’s Treat. Archit. I. 31 The Flutings of this Column ought not to exceed twenty. 1725 Bradley Earn. Did., s.v. Mushroom , A .. Cap or Head, garnished sometimes underneath with several Flutings. 1823P. Nichol¬ son Prad. Build. 308 Sometimes flutings ©f the semi-ellipsis shape, with fillets, were adopted. 1851 Richardson Geol. (1855) 445 The trees .. now appear completely decorticated, and present various flutings. 1869 Boutell Arms $ Arm. v. 76 The corslet and cuirass .. sometimes show no other decoration than the bold flutings at their base. 1872 C. King Mountain. Sierra Nev. iii. 70 Every fluting of the great valley was in itself a considerable canon. 1880 Baring-Gould Mehalah II. vi. 105 She ran her fingers through the flutings of her frills. Fluting (fbrtiq), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing -.] That flutes, in senses of the vb. 1794 D’Israeli Cur. Lit. (1848) I. 85 The genius which thus could form a clock in time formed a fluting automaton. 1852 Seidel Organ 78 The tone of the organ is at one time full and round, at another, .fluting and whispering. Flutist (fhrtist). [f. Flute sb. 1 + -1ST. Cf. Fr. Jliltiste .] A player on the flute. 1603 Florio Montaigne 1. xxxix. 125 When some com¬ mended him to be an excellent Flutist. 1775 J. Collier Musical Trav. 45 That great flutist and warrior the King of Prussia._ 1862 Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) VII. Iv. 37 He drove in pomp through the city .. with the flutist Diodorus by his side. Flut(t)e, obs. form of Flit v. Flutter (flzrtai), sb. [f. next vb.] 1 . A fluttering ; the action or condition of flutter¬ ing (whether in a trans. or intr. sense). 1641 Milton Animadv. 19 Lest their various and jangling opinions put their leavs into a flutter. 1711 Addison Spect. No. 102 ip 10 There is an infinite Variety of Motions to be made use of in the flutter of a Fan. 1794 Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho iii, The drowsy murmur of the breeze, .and its light flutter as it blew freshly into the carriage. 1848 Dickens Dombey (C. D. ed.) v. 32 The flutter of her beating heart. 1875 McLaren Semi. Ser. 11. viii. 138 Nor any least flutter of trembling love towards Him. b. A ‘run 7 , a * burst \ colloq. 1857 C. Keene Let. in G. S. Layard Life iii. (1892) 62, I had a brief flutter down to the coast of Devon. 1883 E. Pennell-Elmhirst Cream Leiccstersh. 376 The same fox. .had given us a first flutter across the country. 2 . An agitated condition, a state of tremulous excitement. Esp. in phrases, to be in,fall,put , etc. into a flutter. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) I. xvi. 107 No emotions, child! no flutters! 1780 Mad. D’Arblay Diary May, A strain of delight .. that put her into a flutter of spirits. 1818 J. W. Croker in Croker Papers (1884) Sept., The flutter of her nerves .. makes her very miserable. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop xxi, He immediately .. fell into a great flutter. 1887 Poor Nellie (1888) 99 No wonder poor Adela’s pulse was all in a flutter. b. A disordered or untidy state. c 1825 Mrs. Sherwood Houlston Tracts II. xxxi. 9 Let me never see this room in a flutter. f 3 . Ostentatious display, fuss, sensation, show, stir. Esp. in phr. To make a (or their) flutter'. to make a noise in the world. Obs. 1667 Pepys Diary 30 Aug., I never knew people in my life that make their flutter, that do things so meanly. 1692 Bentley Boyle Led. 58 They would .. make a mighty flutter and triumph, c 1700 Pope Artemisia 24 A stately, worthless animal .. All flutter, pride, and talk. 1812 Examiner 12 Oct. 652/2 The fanfarronade and flutter of the favourite Hussars. 1822 Hazlitt Table-t. Ser. 11. xviii. (1869) 369 Why then all this flutter. 4 . slang. An attempt or * shy * at anything; an exciting venture at betting or cards. 1874 Slang Did. s.v., ‘ I’ll have a flutter for it * means I’ll have a good try for it. 1880 Payn Conjid. Agent I. 134, 1 am not funky of you at any game, and I want a ‘ flutter’. 1883 Echo 26 Feb. 4/2 (Farmer), I fancy the animal named will at any rate afford backers a flutter for their money. 5 . attrib. and Comb., as fluttcr-heculed adj. ; flutter-pate, a flighty or light-headed person; flutter-wheel (see quot. 1874). 1892 Ld. Lytton King Poppy Prol. 248 The snowy-vested * flutter-headed flower. 1894 Yellow Bk. Apr. 65 Only fools and *flutterpates do not seek reverently for what is charming in their own day. 1858 Simmonds Did. Trade, * Flutter-wheel. 1874 Knight Did. Mech. I. 894 Flutter wheel , a water-wheel of moderate diameter placed at the bottom of a chute so as to receive the impact of the head of water in the chute and penstock. Flutter (fl^'t^a), v. Forms: i flot(e)orian, 3-4 flot(t)eren, -in, -yn, (4 flooter,) 4-6 floter, -tre, 4-7, 9 Sc. hotter, 6- flutter. [OE.flolorian , a frequentative formation on Jlot- weak-grade of root of fldotan Fleet v .] + 1 . intr. To be borne or lie tossing on the waves; to float to and fro. Obs. a 1000 Gloss. Prndentius (Record) 150 Flotorode,_/t’n'tt>' Jludibus. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 304/153 And so to floteri in J?e grete se ! c 1400 Destr. Troy 12524 All the freikesin the flode floterand aboue. c 1470 Henry Wallace vii. 1210 Vij thousand large at anys flottryt in Forth. 1506 Guyl- forde Pilgr. (Camden) 67 We .. laye and flotred in the see right werely by reason of the sayd tedyous calme. a 1800 Sir P. Spence xv. in Jamieson Ballads (1806) I. 160 Mony was the feather bed That flotter’d on the faem. fig. c 1000 TElfric Horn, II. 392 Din heorte floteraft on Sissere worulde sytsunge. <71374 Chaucer Boeth. in. pr. xi. (Camb. MS.) 78 Either alle thinges ben referred and browht to nowht and floteiyn with owte gouernour. .or [etc.]. 1513 Douglas AEneis iv. Prol. 164 Thow aid hasart lychour .. That flotteris furth euermair in sluggardry. 2 . Of birds, etc.: To move or flap the wings rapidly without dying or with short flights; to move up and down or to and fro in quick irregular motions, or hang upon wing in the air. a 1000 Gloss. Prudent ins (Record) 150 Flotorodon, Pr&vo- lant. C1340 Cursor M. 1781 (Trin.) J>e foules flotered po on he3e. 1535 Coverdale Isa. xxxi. 5 Like as byrdes flotre aboute their nestes. 1602 Marston Ant. 71 let. iv. Wks. 1856 I. 45 Troopes of pide butterflies, that flutter still In greatnesse summer. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) I. xv. 252 The parrot, .had fluttered a good way off. 1824 Byron Juan xv. xxvii, March, my Muse ! If you cannot fly, yet flutter. 1850 McCoshZ>/7\ Govt. iii. ii. (1874) 345_Like the moth fluttering about the light which is to consume it. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. III. iv. 204 The belfry.. Fluttered about. .By chatter¬ ing daws. transf. and fig. c 1449 Pecock Rcpr. 1. xvi. 91 He flotereth not so ofte aboute the eeris of the lay peple. 1591 Sidney Astr. <$• Stella cviii, My yong soule flutters to thee his nest, a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) II. 80 He flutters up and down like a Butterfly in a Garden. 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. IV. lxi. 212 Hans’s talk naturally fluttered towards mischief. b. To move with a light quivering motion through the air. 1853 C. Bronte Villdte iii, An etching, .happened to flutter to the floor. 1866 Geo. Eliot A'. Holt (1868) 10 Here and there a leaf fluttered down. 1873 Ouida Pascarel I. 19 Paper money fluttered to her feet. C. qaasi-trans. with adv. or prep., expressing the result of a ‘ fluttering’ movement. 1600 F. Walker Sp. Mandeville 152 a, They choppe downe into the Snovve, fluttering the same ouer them with theyr winges. 1789 Wolcot (P. Pindar) Ep. to falling Minis. Wks. 1812 II. 125 So they, like Moths, may flutter life away. 1793 Cowper Beau*sReply 15 When your linnet .. Had fluttered all his strength away. 1844 Alb. Smith Adv. Mr. Ledbury I. xiv. 103 Seeds, which the bird had fluttered from his cage. 3 . iraus/. To move about aimlessly, restlessly, sportively, or ostentatiously; to flit, hover. 1694 tr. Milton's Lett. State (1851) 372 Now he resides at Paris, or rather flutters unpunish’d about the City. 1734 Pope Ess. Man iv. 196 One flaunts in rags, one flutters in brocade. 1779 Johnson Let. to Mrs. Tkralc 25 Oct., I hope Mr. Thrale. .at night flutters about the rooms. 1877 Black Green Past. xliv. (1878) 354 She had kept fluttering about the hall, bothering the patient clerks with inquiries. 4 . To move about or to and fro with quick vibra¬ tions or undulations; to quiver. Of the heart or pulse : To beat rapidly and irregularly. 1561 Becon Sicke Mamies Salve Wks. 1564 II. 220 My toung flottereth in my mouth, my hands tremble & shake for payne. a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 513 The weight [of a cloak] is diffused in several parts, and, fluttering above, all of them are supported by the clouds. 1712-4 Pope Rape Lock 1. 90 Teach .. little hearts to flutter at a Beau. 1815 Shelley A lastor 659 T he pulse yet lingered in his heart. It paused—it fluttered. i8zo Keats Eve St. Agues xl, The arras .. Flutter'd in the besieging wind’s uproar. 1859 Kingsley Misc. (1S60) II. 289 A few rags of sail fluttered from her main and mizen. to. Of wind or flame : To blow or flicker lightly and intermittently. Of water: To ripple. 1638 N. Rowe in Lismore Papers Ser. 11. (1888) IV. 3 Once the winde fluttered a little, whereuppon wee went to sea. 1811 Pinkerton Petral. II. 554 A light, accompanied by a flame, fluttering from time to time on the surface. 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 46 Down the rock the shallow water falls, Wild fluttering through the stones in_ feeble whimpering brawls. 1878 Browning Poets Croisiev i, Any¬ how.there they [tongues of flame] flutter. fig. 1844 Mrs. Browning Drama of Exile Poems 1850 I. 32 Its meaning flutters in me like a flame, fc. Music. (See quot. 1819.) Obs. 1759 R. Smith Harmonics (ed. 2) 97 They do not beat at all, like imperfect consonances, hut only flutter, at a slower or quicker rate according to the pitch of the sounds. 1819 Rees Cycl., Flutter in Music, is a term applied by Dr. Robert Smith, .to the fluttering roughness in the sound of two notes which are discords to each other. 5 . To tremble with excitement; to be excited with hope, apprehension, or pleasure, etc. 1668 H. Moke Div. Dial. hi. xxxiv. (1713) 273 O how do I flutter to be acquainted with this kind of People. 1754 Richardson Grandison (1781) II. v. 73, I fluttered^ like a fool. 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair lv, Fluttering with her own audacity. 1865 Merivale Rom. Emp. VIII. lxv. 162 FLUTTERABLE. 366 FLUX. All the tribes of the far East were fluttering with the anti¬ cipation of his descent upon them. 6 . trans . ( causatively ). a. To cause to flutter; to move (a thing) in quick irregular motions; to agitate, ruffle. Also + to flutter (a thing) into rags, to pieces, etc. To flutter out : to wear out by i fluttering \ To flutter the ribbands of (a coach) (slang): to drive. 1621 Markham Fowling 32 If they [wild fowl] be flutterd or fleikt into any Riuer. 1644 Manwayring Sea-man's Diet. s.v. Floane , The gust hath fluttred all the saile to peeces. 1667 Milton 1 \ L. ii. 933 All unawares, Fluttering his pen¬ nons vain. 1746-7 Hervey Mcdit. (1S18) 168 The gay butter¬ fly flutters her painted wings. 1771 Hui.LvSVV IP. Harrington 1. 216, I have already fluttered out all the cloaths I made up for first mourning, and must buy more. 1845 Pof. Raven Poems (1859) 48 Not a feather then he fluttered. 1864 Eton Sch. Days i. 11, I used to flutter the ribbands of the London Croydon and South Coast coach. 1893 McCarthy Red Diamonds II. 20 Shining spaces of water fluttered by the passing oar. b. fig . To throw (a person) into confusion, agi¬ tation, or tremulous excitement. 1664 Shakspcre's Cor. (F. 3) v. vi. 116 Like an Eagle in a Dove-coat, I Flutter’d your Volcians in Coriolus. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) III. 39 You flutter one so! 1784 E. Hazard in Belknap Papers (1877) I. 382, I am so fatigued and fluttered with my walk. 1864 Froude Short Stud., Sc. Hist. (1867) 2 A work which, .fluttered the dove¬ cotes of the Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) II. 45 If I thought that your nerves could be fluttered at a small party of friends. 7 . intr. (slang). To 1 toss ’ for anything. 1874 in Slang Diet. 1895 IVestm. Gaz. 31 July 3/1 The three American girls.. were seen.. ‘ fluttering ’ for the upper berth in their cabin. Flutterable (flwtarab’l), a. [f. Flutter v. + -able.] That may be fluttered. 1891 Sat. Rev. 5 Sept. 264/2 The matter has fluttered the always rather easily flutterable dovecotes of Vienna. t Fluttera'tioil. Obs. [see -ation.] The action of fluttering ; the state of being fluttered. 1754 Richardson Grandison III. vii. 50 Such a Love as.. she had in her days of flutteration, as she whimsically calls them. 1771 Hull Sir IV. Harrington IV. 172 Even I, who am so much less concerned, am in a violent Jlaltera¬ tion about it. 1805 in Spirit Public Jrnls. (1806) IX. 265 The names of Colonel, Major, and Captain scarce occasion the smallest flutteration. Fluttered JJl. a. [f. Flutter v. + -ed 1.] In senses of the vb. both trans. and intr. (In quot. 1589 perh. used for Jittered.) 1589 Nashe Anat. Absurd. Wks. (Grosart) I. 29 That those .. shoulde preferre their fluttered sutes before other mens glittering gorgious array. 1773 Graves Euphrosyne (1776) I. 18 The emblem of a flutter’d mind. 1813 Scott Rokeby iv. xxix, A fluttered hope his accents shook, A fluttered joy was in his look. 1878 Browning Pods Croisic 33 His fluttered faculties came back to roost. Flutterer (flzrtarai). [f. as prec. + -er *.] 11. ? A vagrant. Obs. rare. c 1450 Myrc 845 Of scoler, of flotterer, or of passyngere. 2. One who or that which flutters, lit. and fig .; i*a flirt. Rarely in trans. sense. c 1726 Mrs. Delany in Lifefy Corr. I. 133, I looked upon him as a flutterer, and was at a loss to know what his inten¬ tions were. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) I. iii. 13 A man of morals, was worth a thousand of such gay flatterers. 1838 Dickens Nick. Nick, xiv, Dingy, ill-plumed drowsy flutterers. 1882 Harper sMag. LXV. 588 She watched the boat until the handkerchief flutterer was no longer seen. Fluttering (fl^’torig), vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ing 1 .] The action of the vb. Flutter in various senses; an instance of the same. 1382 Wyclif Ps. liv [lv]. 23 [22] He shal not 3iue in to with oute ende flotering [Vulg. /luctuationcm) to the ri}t- wise. 14 .. Prose Legends in Anglia VIII. 185 Drowned in he floteryngis of Jus lyfe. 1627-61 Feltham Resolves 1. xi. 200 The Bates and Flutlerings of a Conscience within. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) I. xix. 341 It is impossible to express the flutterings of my .. heart. 1759 R. Smith Harmonics (ed. 2) 97 The flutterings and the beats of a tempered consonance. 1830 Tennyson Millers Dan. 153, I watch’d the little flutterings, The doubt my mother would not see. 1832 Lytton Eugene A. 11. iv, No fluttering of manner be¬ trayed that he [etc.]. Fluttering (fltf-toriq), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing 2 .] That flutters, in various senses of the vb. C1374 Chaucer Bocth. m. metr. ix. 68 (Camb. MS.) To compowne werk of floterynge matere. 1590 Spenser F. Q. 11. iii. 10 Vain-glorious man, when fluttering wind does blow In his light winges, is lifted up to skie. 1625 Gill Sacr. Philos, iv. 43 That fluttering distinction, .will not helpe. 1762 Falconer Shipwr. 11. 198 The fluttering sails expand. 1834 Medwin Angler in lVales II. 315 The thick-heaved breath And .. fluttering pulse of death. 1863 Geo. Eliot Romola 11. i, A large, .mulberry-tree, .was now sending its last fluttering leaves in at the open doorways. b. Untidy. (Cf. Flutter sb. 2 b.) <1830 Mrs. Sherwood Houlston Tracts III. lx vii. 8 She would idle, .and was very fluttering with her things. Hence Flivtteringly adv ., in a fluttering manner. 1819 Wiffen Aonian Hours (1820) 33 O’er her young more flutteringly to brood. 1859 Masson Brit. Novelists iv. 278 Of old it came flutteringly through prophets. 1861 G. Meredith E. Harrington II. xi. 197 Mrs. Hawkshaw began flutteringly to apologise. Flutterless a. [f. Flutter sb. + -less.] Nol making a flutter, drooping. 1873 Daily Minus 21 Aug., The clinging, flutterles^ pennons of the lances. Flutter mouse, dial, form of Flittermouse. Fluttersome (fhrtojsftn), a. [f. Flutter v. + -some.] Inclined to flutter. 1895 Century Mag. Feb. 540 Beribboned, belaced, and very fluttersome. Fluttery (fl^-tcri),In4flotery. [f. Flutter v. + -y.] Apt to flutter, fluttering. Alsoyf^r. C1386 Chaucer Knt.'s T. 2025 With flotery herd, and ruggy asshy heres. 1823 New Monthly Mag. VII. 569 His patchy, fluttery, and undecided mode of handling. 1855 J. Hewitt Anc. Armour I. 341 A light fluttery material. 1875 Browning Aristoph. Apol. 337 The fluttery tree-top. Fluty (fl«-ti), a. [f. Flute sb . 1 + -Y 1 .] Resem¬ bling a flute in tone, flute-like; soft and clear. 1823 Nciu Monthly Mftg. VIII. 39 As on the wind its fluty music floats. 1845 Alb. Smith Fort. Scatterg. Earn. xxiii, A delicate fluty voice. Fluvial (fl/rvial). [a. F .fluvial , adL. fluvial- is, f. fluvius liver.] Of or pertaining to a liver or rivers; found or living in a river. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. lxv. (1495) 901 Yf fluuyall stones ben hette fyry hote and thenne quenchyd tlierin. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabclhouers Bk. Physicke 33/2, lij pintes of fluvial water. 1775 Romans Florida 316 This fluvial expedition. 1867 J. B. Rose tr. Virgil’s sEneid 190 The fluvial nymphs. 1875 IVond. Phys. World I. i. 39 The descent of fluvial ice frequently causes great disasters. Fluvialist (fluvialist). [f. prec. + -1ST.] One who explains certain phenomena in geology or physical geography by the action of existing streams. 1829 Proc. Geol. Soc. I. 145 He [W. D. Conybeare] first offers some introductory remarks 011 the opposite theories of the fluvialist and diluvialist. Fhrviated, a, [f. ’L.fluvidt-us soaked in a river, if.fluvius river) +-ED 1 .] Overflowed by a river, marshy. 1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia I. 1. iv. 129 A bank over¬ looking the low lluviated ground of the river. Fluviatic (flwvi|Se*tik), a. [ad. L. fluvidtic-us, f. fluvius river.] Growing or living in streams. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Eluviat/ck. 1828 in Webster. Fluviatile (fl/ 7 ’viatil), a. [a. F .fluviatile, ad. L .fluvidtilis, f. fluvius river.] Of or pertaining to a river or livers; found, growing, or living in rivers; formed or produced by the action of rivers. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouers Bk. Physicke 48/1 Madefye a little linnen cloth in Fluviatile water. 1681 Chetham Anglers Vade-m. xi. § 1(1689) 110 Fishes, whether Marine Fluviatile or Lakish. 1774 Strange in Phil. Trans. LXV. 45 It [buccinum] is of the fluviatile kind. 1823 W. Buck- land Relit/. Diluv. 164 The mud..is evidently fluviatile and not diluvian. 1878 Huxley Physiog. 134 The river is, itself, a powerful agent of direct denudation—fluviatile denudation as it is sometimes termed. t Fluvia tioil. Obs. rare— 1 . [as if ad. L. *Jtuviatidn-em , LJluvidtus, P'luviated.] The pro¬ cess of steeping (flax) in water. a 1682 Sir T. Browne Tracts 54 This was the first pre¬ paration of Flax, and before fluviatioil or rotting. Fluvicoline (fl«vi - k(Jlin, -ain), a. [f. mod. L. Jltivicol-a (f. Jluvius river + colere to inhabit) + -ink.] = Fluvial, Fluviatile. In some mod. Diets. Fluvio- (flu'vio), used as combining form of L. fluvius river, as in flu*vio-marine a., an epithet applied to deposits formed by river-currents at the bottom of the sea; also quasi-jA; fluviometer, an instrument for measuring the rise and fall of rivers; fluvio-terrestrial a., pertaining to the land-sur¬ face of the globe and its rivers. 1848 Craig, Fluvio-marine. 1852 E. Forbes in Wilson & Geikie Mem. xiv. (1861) 505 The fluvio-marine portion of them [the Eocenes]. Ibid. 509 The whole series of fluvio- marines. 1863 Lyell Antiq. Man xi. (ed. 3) 204 The fluvio-marine bed of Abbeville. 1865 Livingstone Zambesi iii. 70 The only fluviometer at Tette..was set up at our suggestion. 1885 Gill in Proc. Biol. Soc. II. 30 (Cent.) The marine realms, .are entirely independent of the fluvio- terrestrial. + Fluvio'Se, a. Obs.—° [as if ad. L. *Jluvid 5 - us, {. fluvius river: see -ose.] (See quot.) 1727 Bailey vol. II, Fluviose, flowing much. t Flu vious, a. Obs.—° [f. as prec.: see -ous.] (See quot.) 1656 Blount Glossogr., Pluvious , flowing much. Flux H»ks), sb. Forms: a. (sense 1 only) 4-7 Ilix(e, flyx(e, (6 flyckes); 5-7 fluxe, (5 flokes), 4- flux. [a. Yr.flux, — Yr.flux, Sp .fluxo (now flujo in senses 1 and 4, flux from Fr.), It. flusso L. fluxus (ti stem), f. fluere (Lat. root *flugv- ) to flow. The early form flix proceeds from the Fr. pronunciation with iii] A flowing, flow. I. spec, in physiological sense. 1 . An abnormally copious flowing of blood, excre¬ ment, etc. from the bowels or other organs; a morbid or excessive discharge, spec. An early name for dysentery; also + red flux, ^ flux of blood, bloody flux (cf. Bloody C. 2). a. 1382 Wyclif Matt. ix. 20 A wornman that suffride the [1388 blodi] flix, or rennynge, of blood twelue 3eer. 1447 Bokenham Scyntys (Roxb.) 32 The reed flyx. .Sodeynly dede Austyn so sore oppresse. 1577 B. Googe Hcresbach’s Husb. iv. (1586) 187 They [Bees] feed so greedilie, as they fall into a Flix. 1600 Holland Livy iii. xiii. (1609) 1367 note, Hee [Trajan]. .died. .of a flixe of blood. 1665 Manley Grot ins* Lo7u C. IVarres 317 Both of them bred a sad Disease among them, with a great Flix. ft. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xx. 80 Kynd conscience, .sent forth his foreioures, feures & fluxes, c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 3548 He was lange seke in |?e flokes. 1597 Gerarde Herbal (1636) 713 Agrimony boiled in wine and drunke helpes ..hepaticke fluxes in old people. 1708 Swift Predictions 1708 Wks. 1755 II. 1. 133 It [his death] seems to be an effect of the gout in his stomach, followed by a flux. 1777 Watson Philip II. (1839) io 3 Rendered unfit for action by a bloody flux. 1807 Vancouver Agric. Devon (1813) 337 A flux or scowering is the complaint to which these animals are by far the most liable. 1854 Jones & Siev. Pathol. Anat. (1874) 65 Fluxes will be active or passive, according to the kind of hyperamiia which occasions them. b. transf. A ‘ running’ from the eyes or mouth. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. v. 179 Whan I drynke wyn at eue, I haue a fluxe of a foule mouthe, wel fyue dayes after. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 95 f 3 This Flux of the Eyes, this Faculty of Weeping. 2 . A flowing out, issue, discharge (of humours,etc.) 1447 Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.) 9 The margaryte, if of blood descende Gret flux, is good it to amende. 1563 T. Gale Antidot. 1. i. 2 Compoundes.. wliiche doe..staye the fluxe of humours. 1650 Bulwer Anthropomet. Pref., Here Females .. do by Art that inonethly Flux prevent. 1754-64 Smellie Midwif. I. 106 Several ingenious theories have been erected to account for the flux of the Menses. 1877 F. Roberts Ilandbk. Med. I. 27 The same condition leads to a watery flux. + b. That which flows or is discharged. Obs. 1382 Wyclif Ezek. xxiii. 20 As fluxis, or rennyngis, of horsis[ben] the fluxis of hem. 1600 Shaks. A. V. L. iii. ii. 70 Ciuet is of a baser birth than Tarre, the verie vncleanly fluxe of a Cat. 1654 Trapp Comm. Job v. io Raine is the flux of a moist cloud. II. gen. 3 . The action of flowing. Now rare in lit. sense. c 1600 Norden Spec. Brit., Cornw. (1728) 64 At the heade of this baye .. is a poole of fresh water, notwithstanding the often fluxe of the sea into it. 1638 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 68 The river Ravee..after a stately flux of three thousand English miles, .flowes into Indus. 1748 AVAi/. Earthq. Lima 93 Fire to subsist requires a Flux of Air. 1862 Tyndall Mountaineer, iii. 24 If one portion of the universe be hotter than another, a flux instantly sets in to equalise the temperature. transf. and pig. 1650-3 tr. Hales* Dissert, de Pace in Phenix (1708) II. 379 Which Consequence doth also flow by a fatal and inevitable Flux from that Doctrine of Fate. a 1711 Ken Div. Love Wks. (1838) 230, I love, and admire .. the perpetual flux of thy goodness on every creature. 1865 6 H. Phillips Amer. Paper Curr. II. 174 A flux of specie took place into the United States. 4 . The flowing in of the tide. Often in phrase flux and reflux. 1612 in Law Times* Rep. LXV. 567/2 Lands within the flux and reflux of the sea. 1771 Act 11 Geo. Ill, c. 45 § 35 Any Barge..that shall not be navigated beyond the Flux of the Tide, c 1800 K. White Lett. (1837) 265 With¬ out any means of getting ashore till the flux or flood. 1854 Tomlinson Arago's Astron. 157 The sea. .undergoes ■ a flux and reflux as often as the moon passes the meridian. transf. and fig* 1722 De Foe Moll Flanders (1840) 321 A. .flux and reflux of fears and hopes. 1799 Vince Elem. Astron. m ii. (1810) 159 The alternate flux and reflux of the liquid igneous matter. 1835 Thirlwall Greece I. iii. 71 '[’he flux and reflux of the nations which fought and wandered in the countries adjacent. 5 . A flowing stream, a flood. 1637 Heywood Dialogues, Jupiter <§• Io Wks. 1874 VI. 258 Their waters keep a smooth and gentle course Not mov’d to fury. .When loud fluxes fall to swell their bounds. 1769 De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. III. 40 The Syfer Spring is the most noted, having now four Fluxeswof Water. fig. 1855 Thackeray Newcomes II. 264 The mouth from which issued that cool and limpid flux. b. transf. A continuous stream (of people). 1600 Shaks. A. Y. L. 11. i. 52 Thus miserie doth part The Fluxe of companie. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 327 At the keeping of this Feast we beheld, .such a flux of Men, Women, Boyes and Girls. c. fig. A copious flow, flood ( esp. of talk, etc.). 1678 R. VEstrange Seneca's Afor. (1702)376 No Man takes Satisfaction in a Flux of Words, without Choice. 1722 De Foe Plague (1754) 22 The Court brought with them a great Flux of Pride, and new Fashions. 1817 Southey Lett. (1856) III. 60 If I had my old flux of the Muse. 1855 M. Arnold New Sirens 195 This flux of guesses. 1875 F. Hall in Lippincott’s Mag. XV. 338/1 Neglecting the flux of ver¬ biage that engulfed it. 6. The passing away (of life, time or a portion of time). Also, a passing period. Obs. 1612 J. Davies Muses Sacrifice Wks. (Grosart) II. 47/2 Age to Death is but the Gally-slaue, that on a moments fluxe, whafts life to death. 1641 Smectymnuus Vind. Answ. vi. 78 That which Hierome speakes in the present tense, as true in all the moments and fluxes of time. 1727 46 Thom¬ son Summer 35 Thus to remain, Amid the flux of many thousand years. 1759 Johnson Rasselas iv, The moon by more than twenty changes admonished me of the flux of life. 7 . A continuous succession of changes of con¬ dition, composition or substance. 1625 Bacon Ess., Viciss. of Things (Arb.) 569 The Matter is in a Perpetuall Flux. 1691 Locke Lowering Interest Wks. 1714 II. 31 What the stated rate of Interest should be, in the constant change of Affairs, and flux of Money, is hard to determine. 1726-7 Swift Gulliver ill. x, The lan¬ guage of this country being always upon the flux. 1736 Butler Anal. 1. i. 27 The bodies of all animals are in a constant flux. 1862 Merivale/w?w. Emp. (1865) II I. xx vii. 240 The perpetual flux of property from hand to hand. 1878 Sully in Encycl. Brit. VIII. 755 Heraclitus conceives of the incessant process of flux in which all things are involved as consisting of two sides or moments—generation and decay. FLUX. 367 FLUXION. 1885 Cr.onn Myths Dr. 1. iii. 23 The languages of savages are in a constant state of flux. 8. Math. A continued motion (of a point). [1597 Hookf.r F.ccl. Pol. v. lxix. § 2 Time considered in it selfe, is but the flux of that very instant, wherein the Motion of the Heauen began.] 1656 tr. Hobbes' Elem. Philos. (1839' 508 Rough and smooth, .are not perceived but by the flux of a point, that is to say, we have no sense of them without time, a 1696 Scarburgh Euclid (1705) 3 Not that hereby a Line is A Flux of a Point, as some define It. 1796 Hutton Math. Did. 1 . 484 s. v. Fluxion , A line considered as generated by the flux or motion of a point, or a surface generated by the flux of a line. b. = Fluxion 5. 1878 Clifford Dynamics ii. 63 This rate of change of a fluent quantity is called its fluxion, or sometimes, more shortly, its flux. 9 . Physics. The rate of flow of any fluid across a given area; the amount which crosses an area in a given time; it is thus a vector referred to unit area. Line of flux , see quot. 1881. Flux of force , see quot. 1885. 1863 Tyndall Heat vii. § 268 The line of flux..was parallel to the fibre. 1881 Maxwell Elcctr. $ Magn. (1892) I. 11 The flux of heat in any direction at any point of a solid body may be defined as the quantity of heat which crosses a small area drawn perpendicular to that direction divided by that area and by the time. Ibid. 13 If two of these surfaces intersect, their line of intersection is a line of flux. 1882 Minch in Unipl. Kinemat. 159 The flux across each end of the tube would be zero. 1885 Watson & Burbury Math. T/t. Elcctr. <$• Magn. I. 102 Flux of Force..This product, from its analogy to the flux of a fluid flowing through a small tube with velocity u = F, is called the flux of force across dS. III. A state or means of fusion. + 10 . Liquefaction or fusion. In phr. in {/he)Jinx. 1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. vi. 199 The morbifick matter .. while it is in flux, is most destructive. 1799 G. Smith Laborat. I. 107 Let it stand a little in the flux. 11 . Metall. Any substance that is mixed with a metal etc. to facilitate its fusion; also a substance used to render colours fusible in enamelling and in the colouring of porcelain and glass. Cf. Fluss sb.% For black , crude, white Jlux : see quots. 1704 W. Nicholson Diet. CJiem., Crude flux is a mixture of nitre and tartar. 1763 W. Lewjs Philos. Commerce Arts 68 Borax..is one of the best fluxes for gold. 1826 Henry Elem. Chem. II. xiv. 586 The black flux is formed, by setting fire to a mixture of one part of nitrate of potassa, and two of bi-tartrate of potassa. .White flux is obtained by projecting into a red-hot crucible equal parts of the same salts. 1832 G. R. Porter Porcelain <5- Gl. 76 Fluxes which are ne¬ cessary to render these [colours] fusible. 1875 Fortnum Ma¬ jolica i. 8 Lead has been found in some of the blue coloured glazes of Babylonia, and. .probably employed as a flux. b. collect. Substances used as fluxes. 1890 Kapunda Herald 26 July 2/6 The Trade in Flux. The following are the quantities of flux dispatched from the Kapunda Railway-station. IV. 12 . =Flush sbA [So F.flux.~] 1798 Sporting Mag. XII. 142 The flux [in game of Am- bigu] is four cards in the same suit. V. 13 . attrib. and Comb., as flux ale, ale likely to cause diarrhoea; flux-powder (see quot. 1704) ; flux root, 4 the Asclepias tuberosa from its use in dysentery and catarrhs* ( Syd'. Soc. Lex., 1884); flux-spoon (see quot. 1874); flux- or flix-weed, the plant Sisymbrium Sophia, formerly a supposed remedy for the flux or dysentery. 1742 Loud. <$- Country Brew. I. (ed. 4) 53 Brewers Ser¬ vants, who formerly scorned what they then called *Flux Ale. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn., * Flux-powders .. are Powders prepared to facilitate the Fusion of the harder Metals. 1874 Knight Did. Mech. I. 894/2 * Flux-spoon , a small ladle for dipping out a sample of molten metal to be tested. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. lxxix. 117 The seede of *Flixeweede or Sophia, .stoppeth the bloudy flixe. 1878 Britten & Holland Plant-71., Flixweed or Flixwort. t Flux (fltfks), a. Obs . [ad, b.fluxus, ppl. adj. f. fluere to flow.] That is in a state of flux; ever- changing, fluctuating, inconstant, variable. a 1677 Barrow Serm. Wks. 1716 III. 61 Considering, .the flux nature of all things here, a 1735 Pope & Arbuthnot Mart. Scribl. 1. xiii. (1741) 44 A Corporation, .is. .a flux body. 1768 Blackstone Comm. III. xxi. 318 The record.. was more serviceable, .in a dead and immutable language than in any flux or living one. 1797 Sir G. Staunton Acc. Ld. Macartney sE)nbassy (1798) III. 420 The form of those characters has not been so flux as the sound of words. Flux (flpks), v. [f. Fl ux sbi] I. In medicine. fl. trans. To treat medically by subjecting to a flux; esp. to salivate. Also, of food or drink: To produce a flux in (a person) ; to purge. Obs. 1666 W. Boghurst Lob?iographia (1894) 40 Many people being fluxed with quicksilver for the Pox. 1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. xvii. 592 The Bone must be taken out .. the Ulcer cleansed and the Body fluxed. 1711 Swift Jmil. to Stella 15 Feb., She’ll be fluxed in two months. 1756 Nugent Gr. Tour IV. 21 Their small wines..will certainly flux you, if you drink too plentifully of them. 1768 Foote Devil 2 Sticks in. Wks. 1799 II. 275 Full power .. to pill.. flux..and poultice all persons. 1785 Grose Did. Vulg. Tongue , Flux , to salivate. + b. fig .; also to clear of. Obs. 1651 R. Waring To IV. Cartwright 38 iq Cartwright's Comedies * 6 b, To cure the Itch, or flux the Pen. 1660 CJtarac. Italy 12 Praying for the Dead, which doth so flux the pocket. 1664 Butler Hud. 11.1.362 Twas he that gave our Senate purges, And fluxt the House of many a Burgess. a 1688 Villiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Foetus (1775) 140 E’en gentle George (flux’d both in tongue and purse) Shunning one snare, yet fell into a worse. + c. jocosely. (See quots.) Obs. <71763 Byrom Black Bob JVig xli, But what can Saliva¬ tion do? It [a wig] has been fluxt and refluxt too. 1785 Grose Did. Vulg. Tongue s, v., To flux a wig, to put it up in curl, and bake it. + d. intr. To submit to treatment by fluxing. Obs, 1693 Siiadwell Volunteers iv. i, Would not flux because times were unsettled. 1707 J. Stevens tr. Qucvcdo's Com. JVks. (1709) 326 A young Wench fluxing for the Falling¬ sickness. 1755 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to C'tess Bute 22 Sept., His natural spirits gave him. .cheerfulness when he was fluxing in a garret. Jig. 1733 Revolution Politicks v. 3 This place [Purgatory] of late Years Priests have found, For sinning Souls to flux in till they’re sound. 2 . dial, and slang (obs.). (See quots.) 1785 Grose Diet. Vulg, Tongue , Flux , to cheat, cozen, or overreach. 1875 Sussex Gloss., Flux, to snatch at anything. II. In etymological sense. 3 . intr. + a. Of a person: To bleed copiously. (obs.— *) b. To issue in a flux, flow copiously. 1838 A. Read Chirurg. xxvi. 192 The wounded party doth flux to death most commonly before any Chirurgeon can come to stay the bleeding. 1823 Lamb Let. B. Barton 21 Nov., Once fix the seat of your disorder, and your fancies flux into it like so many bad humours. 1869 Blackmore Lorna D. i, The invading waters, .fluxing along the wall. III. In ancient Chemistry and Metallurgy. 4 . trans. To make fluid, fuse, melt. 1477 Norton Ord. Alch. v. in Ashm. (1652) 79 Liquors helpeth to flux and to flowe Manie things. 1666 Boyle Orig. Formesfy Qual. 260 Sea salt, .ifit be distill’cl alone., is apt to be fluxt by the heat of the fire. 1762 Gentl. Mag. 102 An intense equal heat, .fluxes the oar. 1883 Nasmyth Antobiog. vi. 105 The walls under the intense heat, were fluxed and melted into a sort of glass. fig' x 754 Shebbeare Matrimony (1766) I. 79 The Alloy, which was fluxed out of him, left so little of the Original remaining, that [etc.], i860 Emerson Cot/d. Life i. (1861) 29 Every solid in the universe is ready to become fluid on the approach of the mind, and the power to flux it is the measure of the mind. 5 . To treat with a flux (see Fldx sb. ii); to heat in combination with a flux. 1781 Did. Chem. in J. T. Dillon Trciv. Spain 233 note. If. .cobalt, .be fluxed like other metallic calxes, it will be reduced to a semi-metal, c 1790 Imison Sell. Art. II. 151 To melt the copper as fluid as possible, and flux it with the black flux. 1802 Ann. Reg. 780 The highest finished ware . .is. .returned to the enamel kiln, where the colours are fluxed six or seven times. absol. 1872 W. S. Symonds Rec. Rocks ix. 306 These lower limestone beds are used for fluxing. 6. intr. To become fluid; to melt. 1669 W. Simfson Hydrol. Cliym. 14 Firing [it] strongly in a crusible until it flux. 1789 G. White Selborne iv. (1853) 21 The sand, .fluxes and runs by the intense heat. Hence Fltrxing*///. a. 1702 De Foe Reform. Mantiers 1. 190 From the fluxing Bagnio just dismist. 1711 E. Ward Quix. 1 . 71 As Fluxing Patients. .Suck Broaths and Cordials thro’ a Quill. t Fluxa’tion. Obs. [f. Flux v. +-ation.] 1 . Treatment by fluxing : see Flux v. i. 1656 S. Holland Zara (1719) 140 A drawl'd Prostitute, fitting her self for Fluxation. 2 . Flowing or passing on. 1710 Leslie Vind. Short Meth. with Deists Wks. 1721 I. 121 They [the Siamese] believe no God, but a continual fluxation and transmigration of Souls from eternity. f Fluxed, ppl. a. Obs. [f. as prec. + -ed 1 .] 1 . Caused to flow; flowing, weeping. 1627-77 Feltham Resolves 1. lxxxix. 137 That God is merciful, that will admit offences to be expiated by the sigh, and fluxed eyes. 2 . Salivated. a 1679 Earl Orrery tr. Guzman i, I spit Verses faster than a flux’d Wencher does his Rheum. 1730 Swift Death Daplme xxxvii, No new-fluxt Rake shew’d fairer Skin. Fluxible (fl® •ksib’l). Obs. or arch. Also 5 fluxyble, 7 fluxable. [a. OF. fluxible, ad. late fluxibilis, {.flux- ppl. stem of fluere to flow.] 1 . Apt to flow; fluid. 1551 Records Cast. Knoiul. (1556) 141 The water beynge a lyquide and fluxible bodye, can not be stayed by his owne partes. 1605 Timme Quersit. 11. i. 105 Salt, by the vehemencie of the heat of fire, is to be dissolued, moulten, and made fluxible. 1726 Leoni tr. Alberti’s Archit. I. 45/2 Stones .. are created by Nature, .of a liquid and fluxible substance. fig. 1660 Milton Free Commw. 437 Good Education., ought to correct the fluxible fault, .of our watry situation. b. Of a watery consistence; hence, pliable, supple. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 408 Not a fluxible or loose fat like the fat of Lambs, but a solid fat, like the fat of Hogs. 1618 M. Baret Horsemanship 1. 9 The ends of the flint was rather to be hard and firme then soft and fluxable. ^ 1684 tr. Bond's Merc. Compit. x. 366/2 At that Age all things are fluxible.. especially the Bones and Nerves. 2 . Capable of being melted ; fusible; liquefiable. 1471 Ripley Comp. Alch. 1. vi. in Ashm. (1652) 130 We make Calxes unctious both Whyte and Red .. Fluxyble as Wex. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 289 In them doth abound fluxible moisture, apt to be dissolved with every little heat. 1750 tr. Leonardus' Mirr. Stones 17 Minerals are of two sorts, some fluxible or liquifiable and others not. quasi-sA 1750 tr. Leonardus' Mirr. Stones 17 Dismissing the first Fluxibles, such as Gold. 3 . Liable to flux or change; fluctuating, not permanent, variable. 1561 Eden Arte Nauig. in. ii. 56 This is fluxible, wauering, and moueable. 1610 Guilllm Heraldry m. v. (1660) 120 Meteors .. be of nature fluxible, and nothing permanent. 1677 Gale Crt. Gentiles iv. 517 Is there not a natural leuitie and vanitie in every creature which renders it fluxible, variable, and inconstant? Hence Fluxibly adv. Fluxibility, Flirxible- ness, the quality of being fluxible. 1471 Ripley Comp. Alch. vi. ix. in Ashm. (1652) 163 Every parte all fyre for to endure, Fluxybly fyxe and stabull in tyncture. 1574 Newton Health Mag. 38 It. .stoppeth over much thinnesse and fluxibilitie of bloude. 1651 Hammond A 7 isw. L,d. Falkland vii. Wks. 1684 II. 693 The Fluxibility of humane Nature is so great, that it is no wonder if errours should have crept in. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Fluxibleness. 1750 tr .Leonardus' Mirr. Stones 20 Such humidity is dis- proportioned by the fluxibility. .and therefore it resides more in one part than in another. Fluxile (flzrksil), a. Obs. or arch . [ad. late L. fluxil-is, f. flux -: see prec. and -ile.] 1. = Fluxible i. 1605 Timme Quersit. 11. iii. 115 The which water, albeit it alwayes remaineth fluxile and liquid. 1641 French Distill. v. (1651) 161, I extracted a good quantity of nitrous salt, which was almost fluxile. 1702 R. Mead Poisons 114 The Mercurial Globules, .dissolve the Preter-natural Cohesions of all the Liquors .. making them more Fluxile and Thin. 2. = Fluxible 3 . <71654 Selden Engl. Ephi. x. § 16 The fluxile nature of this deceitful prince [King John]. 1858 Bushnell Serm. New Life 212 Opinions, .are in a fluxile shifting state. Hence Fluxi lity [see -ity], the quality or con¬ dition of being fluxile. 1660 Boyle New. Exp. Phys. Mech. xxxiii. 249 The Weight and Fluidity, or, at least, Fluxility of the Bodies here below. 1707 Floyer Physic. Pulse- Watch 37 The Fluxility, or thin consistence of the Blood. 1721 N. Hodges Hist. Acc. Plague 115 Salt adds to the Fluxility of Fluids. Fluxing (fto-ksiq), vbl. sb, [f. Flux v. -f -ingL] 1. The action of the vb. Flux in various senses. 1659 Heylin Animadv. in Fuller's App. Inj. Innoc. (1840) 313 An ordinary purge being sufficient for the one, whereas the foul body of the other doth require a fluxing. a 1734 North Lives{ 1826)353 A certain cure [for the mange] .. was fluxing with mercury. 1777 Watson in Phil . Tra?is. LXVIII. 875 The roasting or fluxing of an ore. b. concr. = Flux sb. 11 . 1880 Lomas Alkali Trade 127 The amount of ‘fluxings’ should be kept as small as possible. 2 . attrib. as fluxing-inaterial\ fluxing-bed, in the manufacture of soda, one of the two parts into which the sole of the furnace is divided. 1832 G. R. Porter Porcelam <5- Gl. 264 Other descriptions .. do not contain an equal abundance of fluxing materials. Fluxion (flzrkjon). Also, 6 fluxione, -yon. [a. Fr .fluxion, ad. L.fluxidn-em, f. flux - ppl. stem of fluere to flow ; see -ion.] 1. The action of flowing; a flowing or issuing forth (of water, vapour, etc.). Also, continuous or progressive motion; continual change. Now rare. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 11. 333 Whirlepooles, and fluxions are caused .. in the middest of the sea. 1603 Holland Plutarch's Mor. 962 The fluxion of the odour comming from the beast. 1606 J. Davies Set. Sec. LIusb. e smale ule^e |>et makej> (>et bony. 1563 Hyll Art. Garden. (1593) 36 Flies (with the long hinder legges). 1599 ' 1 '. Moufet {title) Silkewormes and their flies. 1608 Topsell Serpents (1658) 653 The black Flies called Beetles. 1649 Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. 1. viii. 113 Eating Flyes and wilde honey. 1694 Ace. Sev. J.atc Voy. 11. (1711) 207 Here are divers sorts of Flies, as Butter-flies, Butchers-flies, Horse¬ flies. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1796) VIII. 149 The cold weather frequently comes on before the worm is transformed into a fly. b. A dipterous or two-winged insect, esp. of the family Muscidse. c 1000 tElfric Fxod. viii. 29 ForSe ic £ebidde and #eos fleoge ferfi fram 5 e. c 1200 Vices 4* Virtues (1888) 89 Al dai Sar cumeft to [>ohtes, al swo do 5 A^en to sare. c 1220 Bestiaiy 473 Til Sat Ser fle3es faren and fallen Ser-inne. a 1300 Cursor M. 5990 (Cott.) To-morn )>e fleies sal be you fra. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. xxiii. (1495) 130 Bees and flyes haue no voys, but make a voys in fleenge. 1477 Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 72 The flye that setteth her vpon corrupt thinges. 1513 Douglas sEneis xii. Prol. 172 To knit hyr nettis .. Tharwith to caucht the inyghe and littill fie. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. 203 The infinite swarmes of flies that do shine like glow-wormes. 1841-4 Emerson Ess ., Prudence Wks. (Bohn) I. 94 Do what we can, summer will have its flies. c. fig. a 1225 Ancr. R. 290 [pes] dogge of helle. .mid his blodie vlien of stinkinde pouhtes. C1325 Coer de L. 2917 In whyt schetys they gunne hem wryen For the bytyng of his flyen. 1607 Dekker Hist. Sir T. Wyatt 1. Wks. 1873 III. 84 The Fly is angrie, but hee wants a sting. d. A type of something insignificant. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 428 Wat was J>y strengke wor]>? .. ywys no3t work a flye. c 1386 Chaucer Reeve’s T. 272 Aleyn ansvvevde I count hym nat a flye. 1529 More Com/, agst. Trib. 1. ii. Wks. 1123/1 Without which.. all the spiritual coumfort that any man maye speake of can neuer auaile a flye. 1794 Burns 1 O Philly , happy be that day' x, I care nae wealth a single flie. a 1830 Ha2litt Convcrs. Authors , He would not hurt a fly. e. Phr.: Fly in amber-, see Amber 5. Fly on the {coach-) -wheel (see quot. 1S70). To semi away with afly in one's ear: cf. Flea 4. To break, crush, a fly upon the wheel {fig.) : to spend a great deal of energy and labour upon something not worth it. Let that fly stick in (or to) the wall {Sc.) : say nothing more on that subject. Don't let flies stick to your heels : be quick. 1606 Pel. Proc. agst. late Traitors Zz 4 b, The princes .. sent awaj' your second Mercury with a flie in his eare. 1695 Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth 11. (1723) 82 Flyes. .that I have yet seen inclos’d in Amber. 1814 Scott Wav. lxxi, ‘O whist, Colonel, for the love o’ God ! let that flee stick i’ the waV 1836 Going to Service iv. 44 Don’t let flies stick to your heels, and don’t let ten minutes get the start of you. 1840 Lytton Money v. iii, I have the greatest respect..for the worthy and intelligent flies upon both sides the wheel, a 1859 Be Quincey Incognito Wks. XI. 2 To apply anymore elaborate criticism to them, would be * to break a fly upon the wheel 1870 Brewer Diet. Phrase 4- Fable, Fly on the coach wheel, one who fancies himself of mighty importance, but who is in reality of none at all. f. Proverbs. a 1420 Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. no A flye folowethe the hony. a 1529 Skelton Replyc. 752 The blynde eteth many a flye. 1546 J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 75 Hungry flies byte sore. 2 . With defining word as blow-, flesh-, horse-, house-, sheep fly, etc.; see those words. Black fly, U.S. (see quot.). Hessian fly ( Cecidomyia Destructor), an insect that infests wheat, said to have been introduced into America with the Hessian troops, during the War of Independence. Spanish fly = Cantiiarides. Tsetse-fly ( Glossina mor- silans'), a South-African fly which attacks cattle. a 1605 Montgomerie Fly ting w. Polwart 314 The feavers, the fearcie, with the spein^ie flees. 1661 Lovell Hist. Anim. 4- Min. Pref., The pilularie beetle and Spanish flies. 1799 G. Washington Let. Writ. 1893 XIV. 196 Letter relative to the loss of his crop, by the Hessian fly. 1812 J. Smyth Pract. Customs (1821) 59 Cantharides, commonly called Spanish Flies. 1877 T. Baines Gold Regions S. E. Africa 109 A considerable portion of this step is infested with the Tsetse fly. 1889 Century Diet. s. v. Fly, Black Lly, any one of the species of the genus Simulium, some of which are extraordinarily abundant in the northern woods of America, and cause great suffering by their bites. 3 . In farmers* and gardeners’ language, often used without defining prefix for the insect parasite chiefly injurious to the particular crop or animal indicated by the context; the hop-fly, potato-fiy, turnip-fly, sheep-fly, etc. Chiefly colled . in sing, as the name of the disease consisting in or caused by the ravages of these insects. <1:1704 Locke Wks. (1714) ifl. 436 Before they come to think of the Fly in their Sheep, or the Tares in their Corn. 1707 Mortimer 1 /usb. 122 To prevent the Fly [in turnips] some propose to sow Ashes with the Seed. 1799 Trans. Soc. Encourag. Arts XVII. 47 An easy and efficacious method of destroying the Fly on Hops. 1819 Rees Cycl., Fly. .a disease incident to sheep, in consequence of their being stricken by a fly, which produces a sort of maggot, that eats into, and remains in the flesh. 1842 Johnson Farmer's Encycl., Fly in Turnips (Attica 7 tcmorum) the vulgar name of a species of flea-beetle, which attacks the turnip-crop in the cotyledon or seed leaf, as soon as it appears. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 281 The marks left on the skin by the blows of the fly. 1888 Times 26 June 12/1 In some (hop) gardens a good deal of fly exists. 4 . Angling, a. An insect attached to a hook as a lure in the mode of angling called fly-fishing, b. An artificial fly, i. e. a fish-hook dressed with feathers, silk, etc., so as to imitate some insect. Often collect, in the phrase to fish with fly. 1589 Pappe w. Hatchet 3, I doo but yet angle with a silken flye, to see whether Martins will nibble. 1653 Walton Angler iv. 9^ Or with a Flie, either a natural or an artificial Flie. Ibid. iv. iii Your gold, or what materials soever you make your Fly of. <11740 Tickell Ep. to Lady bef. Marriage 39 Here let me., lure the trout with well- dissembled flies. 1881 C. Gibbon Heart's P?-oblem x. 154 He. .tossed it [fish] into his basket, and cast his fly again. fig. 1624 Fletcher Rule a Wife 1. i, Sit close Don Perez, or your Worship’s caught. I fear a Flye. + 5 . a. A familiar demon (from the notion that devils were accustomed to assume the form of flies), b. transf. y and with allusion to the insect’s finding its way into the most private places: A spy (cf. F. mouche ). c. A parasite, flatterer (cf. L. mused). 1584 R. Scot Discov. Witcher. 111. xv. 51 A flie, otherwise called a divell or familiar. 1610 B. Jonson Alch. 1. ii, A riflng flye: none o’ your great familiars. 1622 Bacon Hen. VII 241 There was this .. Good in his employing of these Flies and Familiars; that.. the .. Suspition of them kept .. many Conspiracies from beeing attempted, a 1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary ir. iv, He hath a Fly only to win good cloaths. 1649 Bp. Hall Cases Consc. 179 These mercenary Flies, whether of State, or of Religion, are justly hatefull. 6. Printing, a. A 1 printer’s devil’ (cf. 5 a). b. The person who lakes the sheets from the press, the ‘ taker-off ’; also, that part of a printing machine which usually performs that office now. (Cf. Flyer.) a. 1683 Moxon Printing 373 Devil.. the Workmen do Jocosely call them Devils; and sometimes Spirits, and sometimes Flies. 1841 Savage Diet. Printing, s. v., These boys are not now called devils, as in the time of Moxon, but Flies, or Fly Boys. b- 1732 in Hone Every-day Bk. (1825-7) II. 1240 The inferior order among us, called flies, emplo3 r ed in taking newspapers off the press. 1838 Timperlf.y Printer's Man. 113 Fly, the person that takes off the sheet from the press in cases of expedition. 1871 Anier.Encycl. Printing , Fly, an invention for taking off or delivering the sheets from a power-press. + 7 . a. A ‘ patch ’ for the face. [tr. F. mouche .] 1658 White tr. A late Discourse 102 The patches and flies which she put upon her face. f b. Some kind of head-dress. Cf. fly-cap (in 11 below). Obs. 1773 History of Lord Ainsworth I. 139 Her beautiful tresses were..fasten’d behind with a diamond comb ; over which was plac’d a small French fly, ornamented with large sprigs set with brilliants. 1774 Westm. Mag. II. 259 Ladies .. still wear their hair low before .. Small flys, the wings very wide apart at the top, and very small and short lappets. j- 8. With reference to a festival formerly observed by the Oxford cooks. Obs. On Whit-Tuesday the cooks ‘ marched in silken doublets on horseback to Bartholomews or Bullingdon Green to fetch the fly ’, and ‘ on Michaelmas Day they rode thither again to carry the fly aivay'. See Aubrey Rem. Gentilisme (1881) 202 (written in 1686); Aubrey supposed the sense to be that of 5 a above. C1602 in Narcissus (ed. M. L. Lee 1893) App. ii. 32 They [the cooks] have sett a little porch before so great an house, and have called their show the flye. 1654 Gay- ton Pleas. Notes ill. v. 99 The man that preaches the Cooks Sermon at Oxford, when that plump Society rides upon their Governours Horses to fetch in the Enemie, the Flie. 1661-6 Wood Antiq. Oxford (O. H. S.) II. 515 note. Many people resorted here [St. Bartholomew’s Hos¬ pital] ; as the cooks bringing in of the fly. 9 . slang. A policeman. Cf. Blue-bottle 2. 1857 R. L. Snowden Magistr. Assist, (ed. 3) 446 A police¬ man, a fly. 10. attrib. and Comb. a. simple attributive, as fly-blight , - kind , -maggot , -screen, state , - wing ; (sense 2) (tsetse-) fly-belt, -country ; (sense 4) as fly-tackle ; (sense 6 b) as fly-pulley. 1894 Westm. Gas. 17 Nov. 5/1 The Beira line had now completely spanned the *‘fly’ belt. 1887 Daily News 28 June 2/5 The plantations in thesedistricts being most affected by the x ‘fly blight’. 1891 Pall Mall G. 8 Dec. 1/3 When the railway.. has crossed the *fly country. 1691 Ray Creation 6 The “Fly-kind, if under that name we comprehend all FLY. 369 FLY other flying insects. 1692 Ibid. ir. 123 The *fly maggots. 1875 Southward Diet. Typogr. s. v. Setting the Fly, Let it run down the fly so that it is barely held by the *fly pulleys. 1791 W. Bartram Carolina 83 When they appear in the * fly state. 1834 Medwin Angler in Wales II. 113, I was half sorry that I had no *fly-tackle, and soon tired, c 1460 Towneley Myst. 192 He settes not a *fle wyng bi Sir Cesar fulle even. b. objective, (sense I b) as fly-breeder, -fancier, -hunter, -killer, -scarcr, f- way-driver, -whipper ; fly-catching vbl. sb. and ppl. adj fly-hunting vbl. sb. ; (sense 4) as fly-caster, -maker, - taker ; fly- - dressing, -making vbl. sbs.; fly-taking ppl. adj. 1751 Smollett Per. Pic. (1779) IV. xciv. 144 ‘ I never dispute . .with the son of a cucumber,’ said the ^fly-breeder. 1702 C. Mather Magn. Chr. iv. (1853) II. 105 A certain soaring and serious greatness of soul, which rendered *fiy-catching too low a business for him. 1890 Webster, Fly-catching (Zook), having the habit of catching insects on the wing. 1886 J. H. Keene Fish. Tackle 202 There is no royal road to *fly-dressing however. 1751 Smollett Per. Pic. (1779) IV. xciv. 145 The *fly-fancier. .accused the mathematician. 1895 C. C. Abbott Birds about ns iv. 113 They are fly¬ catchers, not *fly-hunters. 1838 Dickens Mem. Grimaldi ii, He had been *fiy-hunting with his friend. 1658 Rowland Moufcfs TJieat. Ins. 951 He was afterwards called by the name of Muscarius or * Fly-killer. 1787 Best Angling (ed. 2) 77 Every man his own *fly-maker. 1653 Walton Angler iv. 113 The Art of *flie-making. 1801-3 Daniel Rural Sports II. 296 Hackles are a very important article in Fly-making. 1638 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 68 On the left hand, Rajea Bousing *fly-skarer. 1889 Century Did., * Fly-taker, in angling, any fish that will take the fly. 1840 Tickell in Jrnl. Asiat. Soc. Bengal IX. 705 The little *fly-taking Cyprinus, miscalled ‘ trout ’ in Upper India. 1658 Rowland Moufet's The at. Ins. 951 Jupiter, called unofxvios, or the * Fly-way-driver. 1872 Baker Nile Tribut. viii. 134 The long tails of the giraffes are admirable *fly- whippers. e. instrumental, as fly -angling, \ -biting \ bl. sbs., fly-bit, -stuck, -swarmed adjs. 1653 Walton Angler iv. no These and the May-fly are the ground of all *fly-Angling. 1821 Clare Vill Minstr. I. 203 Their *fly-bit hides. 1659 D. Pell Impr. Sea 417 It is comparatively but a..meer *fly-biting to what they undergo. 1877 T. Baines Gold Regions S. E. Africa 151 A *fly-stuck ox. 1879 E. Arnold Lt. Asia 69 The "fly- swarmed sweetmeat shops. 11 . Special comb.: fly-bat, a species of fly found in Barbadoes; fly-bird, a humming-bird (cf. F. oiscaii-mouche ); fly-blister, a plaster made of Canlharides ; fly-book, a case in the form of a book, in which anglers keep artificial flies; fly¬ brush, a brush for driving away flies; fly-cage, a contrivance for catching flies ; f fly-cap, a kind of head-dress (see quot. 1762); fly-case, the covering of an insect; spec . the anterior wing of beetles, elytron ; fly-duster = fly-brush ; + fly- fringe (see quot.) ; fly-hook, a hook baited with a fly; fly-line, a line for fly-fishing; fly-nut (see quot.) ; fly-paper, a sheet of paper prepared to catch or poison flies; fly-powder, a powder used to kill flies ; fly-rod, a rod for fly-fishing; fly- slicer, slang (see quot.) ; fly-snapper, US., a name of certain fly-catching birds, ( a ) the genus Myiagra ; (b) Phainopepla nitens ; fly-speck, -spot, a stain produced by the excrement of an insect; fly-specked, -speckled a., marked with fly-specks; fly-tier, -tyer, a maker of artificial flies; so fly-tying vbl. sb.; fly-time, the time when flies are to be met with or are troublesome; fly-tip, -top, a top-joint used for fly-fishing; fly- water, ( a) an infusion or decoction of flies ; (b) (see quot. 1855); fly-weevil, U.S., the common grain- moth (Gelechiaccrealelld) ( Cent.Diet .); fly-whisk, an instrument for driving away flies. Also Fly-bane, -BITTEN, -BLOW, -BLOWN, -CATCHER, -FISH, etc. 1750 G. Hughes Barbadoes 211 The *Fly-bats come from their lurking holes. 1782-3 W. F. Martyn Geog. Flag. II. 468 The *fiy-bird is esteemed one of the most beautiful. 1842 Hood Elm Tree ni. xxiii, The Fly-bird flutters up and down, To catch its tiny prey. 1848 Kingsley Yeast xi, I put it in the squire’s *fly-book. 1888 J. L. Ai.len in Century Mag. Apr. 946 The abandoned fly-brush lay full across his face. 1838 Dickens O. Twist xxxvii, A paper *fly-cage dangled from the ceiling. 1753. Gentl. Mag. XXIII. 123/2 The ladies, .should not sacrifice the vigor of health .. to a - fly cap. 1762 Loud. Chronicle 16-18 Feb. 167/3 The Fly Cap .. is fixed upon the forehead, forming the figure of an over-grown butterfly .. with out¬ stretched wings 1826 Miss Miteord Village Ser. 11. (1863) 353 With powdered hair and fly-caps and lappets. i860 Merc. Marine Mag. VII. 270 The kahili is made of black feathers, fastened on a pole, much resembling a * fly-duster. i860 Fairholt Costume, * Fly-fringe, a peculiar edging for ladies’ sleeves and dresses ; much worn in the early part of the reign of George III. 1706 R. H[o\vlett] Anglers Sure Guide 88 A middle-siz’d *Flie-Hook. Ibid, 97 The *Flie- Line should be made very taper. 1854 Badham Ilalieut. ii. 19 Neither fly-rods, fly-lines, reels .. nor landing-net. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 896 * Fly-nut, a nut with wings, to be twisted by the hand. 1851 Mayhew Loud. Labour I. 435 *Fly-papers came, .into street-traffic, .in the summer of 1848. 1839 U re Did. A rts, * Flypowder, . the black coloured powder obtained by the spontaneous oxidizement of metallic arsenic in the air. 1684 R. H. School Recreat. 149 The Line..for the *Fly-Rod .. must be stronger than the first. 1843 Atkinson in Zoologist I. 294, I tapped it with the end of my fly-rod. 1785 Grose Did. Vulg. Tongue, * Fly slicers, life guard men, from their sitting on horse- Vol. IV. back, under an arch, where they are frequently observed to drive away flies with their swords. 1895 C. C. Abbott Birds about us ii. 75 Well .. did the x flysnapper only make believe to launch out after insects? 1855 Ogilvie, * Fly- speck. 1883 Harper's Mag. Mar. 528/1 A *fly-specked old engraving. 1881 Miss Laffan in Macm. Mag. XLIV. 388 Pictures, yellowed by turf smoke and well * fly-speckled. 1851 D. Jerrold St. Giles v. 47 There are a thousand cracks and flaws and *fly-spots upon everything about us. 1881 Echo 11 Apr. 3/6 The. .cleverest *fly-tier in England. 1706 R. H[o\vj.ett] Angleds Sure Guide 86 This is their [Fishes’) constant Course all *Flie-time. 1757 Dyer Fleece 1. 366 In teizing fly-time. 1706 R. H[owi.ett] Auglers Sure Guide 79 The Stock [of the Rod] bored no wider than to carry a Ground-top therein, or a *Flie-top. 1887 H. Cholmondei.ey-Pennell Mod. Impr. Fish. Tackle 23 This branch of *fly-tying. 1815 Kirby & Sr. Entomol. I.306, I should have recommended .. *fly-water for disorders in the eyes. 1855 Ogilvie Suppl., Fly-water, a solution of arsenic, or decoction of quassia-bark, for killing flies. 1789 L. Carter in Trans. Amer. Soc. I. 274 (title), Observations concerning the *Fly-weevil that destroys the Wheat. 1841 Lane Arab. Nls. I. 132 A kind of *fly-whisk made of palm- leaves. b. In various plant-names, as fly-agaric, Aga- ricus muscarius— Fly-bane i c ; fly-dod, ragwort (Senccio Jacobcea) ; fly-flower (see quot. 1878) ; fly-honeysuckle, (a) a variety of honeysuckle ( Lonicera Xylosteum) ; ( b ) a species of Halleria; fly-orchid, -orchis, a name for Ophrys muscifera; fly-poison, fly-wort (see quots.). 1866 Treas. Bot., * Fly-agaric. 1826 Wilbraham Chesh. Gloss., * Fly-dod .. is usually covered with a dusky yellow fly. 1640 Parkinson Theat. Bot. 1351 Orchis Myodes minor, the lesser *Flye flower. 1878 Britten & Holland Plant-71,, Fly Flowers, (1) All species of Orchis except O. mascnlct — Glou. .. (2 )Prunella vulgaris — Glou. 1819 Rees Cycl., * Fly-honeysuckle. 1861 Mrs. Lankf.ster Wild Flozuers 71 Lonicera Xylosteum, the Fly or Upright Honey-suckle. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 11. lvi. 222 We may call it in English properly x flie Orchis, bycause al the kindes of Serapias Orchis, haue in all their floures the .. likenesse of one kinde of flie or other. 1841 Maunder Sci. 4 ' Lit. Treas., Fly-orchis, in botany, the Orchis muscifera. 1866 Treas. Zh?/.,* Fly-poison, Amianthium muscaetoxicum. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Suppl. App., * Fly-wort, in botany, a name by which some call the lychnis of authors. ^ 1866 Treas. Bot., Fly-wort, a name applied to those species of Catasetum formerly called Myanthus. Fly (flsi), sb.'t PI. flies; in sense 3 b usually flys. [f. Fly v . 1 ; many of the senses have no mutual connexion, being separate formations on the vb. OE. had flyge str. masc., action of flying = OHG. flug (MHG. vine, mod.Ger. flag), ON. flugr (mod.Icel. plug neut.)OTeut. *flugi-z, f. weak grade of *fleitgan to Fly ; but it is doubtful whether this survived the OE. period.] I. The action of flying. 1 . f The action or manner of flying, flight ( obs .). In recent use, an act of flying. a 1000 Crist 645 (Gr.) Se faela fujel fly^es cunnode. a 1000 Satan 112 (Gr.) Ic sceal on flyj;e .. earda neosan. c 1425 Fest. Ch. xxx. in Leg. Rood (1871) 221 t>e Egle is frikest fowle in flye. c 1650 Had Westmorland in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 300 On Bramaball more shee caused my 11 ye. 1786 Nelson in Nicolas Vis/. (1845) I. 178 Indignity offered under the fly of his Flag. 1828 Disraeli Infernal Marriage hi. iii. Novels (1881) 345 ’Twas an easy fly ; the chariot [a car borne by owls] soon descended upon the crest of a hill. 1887 Sporting Life 22 June 2/6 A two miles pigeon fly. b. A flying visit, rare. 1833 Mrs. Carlyle Let. 28 July, We have had..no other visitors except, .my mother, .for a fly. c. slang. A trick, dodge. 1861 [F. W. Robinson] No Church I. ix. 192 Who’s put you up to that fly? 2 . On the fly: orig. on the wing, flying; hence, in motion, moving up and down. a. gen. Also sla 7 ig = ( on the spree \ 1851 Mayhew Lond. Labour II. 51 Taking them on the fly; which means meeting the gentry on their walks, and beseeching or at times menacing them till something is given. 1855 [Burn] Autobiog. Beggar Boy 6 My father had been on the fly in that town for nine or ten days. 1868 Temple Bar Mag. XXIV. 538, I prigged an old woman’s poke on the fly. 1892 Nation (N. Y.) 4 Aug. 91/3 To borrow the language of the sportsman, he may be said to have caught the Melanesian people ‘on the fly’. b. Baseball and (U.S. only) Cricket : The course of a ball that has been struck, until it touches the ground. Foul fly (see quot. 1874). 1872 O. W. Holmes Poet Breakf-t. v. (1885) 119 Catching a ball on the fly. 1874 Chadwick Base Ball Man. 41 Ketchum. .was caught on the fly. Ibid. 58 Any high foul ball, held on the fly, is called a foul fly. 1882 Philad. Press 12 Aug. 8 That usually reliable fielder muffed the fly. II. Something that flies, in various senses. 3 . A quick-travelling carriage. t a. 4 A stage-coach, distinguished by this name, in order to impress a belief of its extraordinary quickness in travelling’ (J.). Obs. exc. Hist. 1708 in Mem. J. Hall 21 Fly, a Waggon, i.e. Country Cart. 1759 Gray Lett. Wks. 1884 III. 21 The parcel will come by one of the flies. 1774 Burke Corn (1844) I. 449 A letter, .sent on Tuesday night by the Grantham fly. 1816 Scott Antiq. i, The Queensferry Diligence or Hawes Fly. 1888 Burgon Lives 12 Gd. Men I. iv. 3S6 He had travelled up from Northamptonshire in a fly. b. The name of a light vehicle, introduced at Brighton in 1816, and originally drawn or pushed by men ; but a horse being soon employed, the name was gradually extended to any one-horse covered carriage, as a cab or hansom, let out on hire. Perh. short for Fly-by-night, q.v. Local usage of the word varies; in some places fly is confined to a ‘ four-wheeler *; but it is generally applied to a vehicle hired from a livery-stable, and not plying for hire. 1818 C. Wright Brighton Ambulator 170 A nouvelle kind of four-wheel vehicles, drawn by a man and an assistant, are very accommodating to visitors .. They are denominated Flys. 1828 Scott Jrnl. (1890) II. 185 We then took a fly, as they call the light carriages, and drove as far as the Devil’s Ditch. 1830 T. Hook Maxwell II. ii. 53 One of the Brighton boatmen .. bid him [a boy] go and get a fly .. he heard an additional direc¬ tion .. not to bring a horse-fly. 1839 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. I. 114 A fly (a little chaise with one horse), furnished us from a livery-stable hard by. 1844 Disraeli Coningsby iv. ii, Get a fly at the station. 1881 Lady Herbert Edith 118 Soon after breakfast a fly at the door, to catch the 10.50 train. 4 . Something attached by the edge. Cf. Flap sbf a. A strip or lap on a garment, to contain or cover the button-holes; hence something used to cover or connect (see quot. 1884). 1844 Regul. 4* Ord. Army 154 [Trousers) Open in front, with a Fly and Five Buttons. 1884 Knight Diet. Mech. IV. 351/1 Fly, the fore flap of a bootee. A strip of leather which overwraps the front vamp and receives the strings or other fastening. b. In a tent: f The sloping or roof part of the canvas’ (Yule); also, the flap at the entrance, forming a door. 1810 Williamson E. India Vade M. II. 452 The main part of the operation of pitching the tent, consisting of raising the flies. 1840 E. E. Napier Scenes 4* Sports Foreign Lands II. iii. 55 The fly and white walls of our tent. (Note. The roof or top part of the tent). 1882 Century Mag. XXV. 195 Two or three Indians, .peered through the fly, and then came in. e. Of a flag : (a) The breadth from the staff to the end ; ( 6 ) the part farthest from the staff. 1841 R. H. Dana Seaman’s Man. 105 Fly, that part of a flag which extends from the Union to the extreme end. 1864 Boutell Heraldry Hist. 4- Pop. xviii. 286 The Pennon was small in size, pointed or swallow-tailed at the Fly. cl. Theat. in pi. The space over the proscenium, including the upper mechanism and the galleries on each side from which it is worked. 1805 European Mag. XLVII. 447 A large portion of scenery from the top (called the flies) fell upon the stage. 1859 Smiles Self-Help v. (i860) 126 First working under the stage, then behind the flies, then upon the stage itself. 1887 Daily Tel . 27 May 3 Sparks fell from the flies upon the stage. 5 . In various technical uses. a. Naut . A compass card : see quot. 1610 and Card sbS 4. Hence, on a terrestrial globe : The set of rhumbs drawn from a selected point on the surface (lobs.). Also, on a vane: see quot. 1 773 - ... 1571 Digges Pantom. 1. xxix. I ij b, It is also requisite, that within Theodelitus you haue a needle or fly so rectified, that [etc.]. 1610 W. Folkingham Art of Survey 11. vi. 56 The Flie is a Card diuided into eight, sixteene, thirty two equall parts in the Limbe with competent extention to shew the Meridian and Coastages of the Plot. 1690 Leybourn Curs. Math. 611 Upon the top of the Box wherein the Fly and Needle is fastned. 1773 Johnson (ed. 4), Fly 3, that part of a vane which points how the wind blows. 1789-96 J. Morse Am. Un. Geog. I. 49 Observe .. what rhumb of the nearest fly runs mostly parallel to the edge of the quad¬ rant. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., Fly or Compass-Card. b. A speed-regulating device, usually consisting of vanes upon a rotating shaft, chiefly used in musical boxes and the striking parts of clock- machinery. 1599 T. M[oufet] Silkwormes 35 Thy Springs, thy Scrues, thy rowells, and thy flie. 1812-6 J. Smith Pano?-ama Sc. Sf Art I. 380 This fly strikes the air with so large a sur- face, that the resistance it experiences prevents the train of wheels from going too fast. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch 4 * Clockm. 105 When the striking train is discharged it would run with increasing speed but for the fly. c. A fly wheel, a pair of weighted arms, or other device involving the same principle, used to regulate the speed of machinery. 1648 Wilkins Math. Magick 1. xiii. 87 A single hair fastned unto the fly or ballance of the Jack. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 49 The Fly is made sometimes with two, sometimes with four Arms from the Center. 1825 J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 51 A fly is sometimes ., employed as a collector of power. 1874 Knight Did. Mech. I. 895/1 Fly 11, the swinging weighted arm of some kinds of presses. d. =Fanner 2. 1807 Vancouver Agric. Devon ( 1813) 127 Few winnowing- machines, saving a common whisk or fly, are used in this county. 1836 Penny Cycl. V. 307 A winnowing machine with a fly and sieves is the only additional instrument. e. One of the cylinders of a carding machine. 1842 Encycl. Brit. (ed. 7) XXL 932/1 The worker next the doflers is called the fly, from its great velocity. 1888 R. Beaumont Woollen Mannf. ii. 56 The doffer removes the fibres brought on to the surface of the swift by the fly. f. In Knitting (machine), Spinning, Weaving (see quots.). Also in Hand-spinning', the spindle. 1851 L. D. B. Gordon Art Jrnl. Illust. Catal. i**/2 Drawing out the fibre from the rock, and supplying it regularly to the fly, which is caused to turn rapidly and twist it into a thread or yarn. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I 47 FLY. 370 FLY. 895/1 Fly 3 (Knitting-machine), another name for the Latch. Ibid., Fly 4 (Spinning!, the arms which revolve around the bobbin in a spinning-frame, to twist the roving or yarn which is wound on the bobbin. Ibid ., Fly 6 (Weaving), a shuttle driven through the shed by a blow or jerk. g. In the pianoforte (see quots.). 1876 Stainer & Barrett Diet. bins. Terms, Fly, a hinged board which covers the keys of the pianoforte or organ when not in use. 1879 A. J. Hipkins in Grove Diet. Mus. 1 . 619/2 A screw perforating the jack, tongue, or fly as it is variously called, of the grasshopper (in a pianoforte]. h. In a screw-log (see quot.). 1882 CArT. Moriarty in Ettcycl. Brit. XIV. 770/2 The 4 fly * [of a screw-log] consists of a hollow copper cylinder about 9 or 10 inches long with four fins or blades placed at a given angle, causing it to rotate once in a certain distance. i. Metal-working. An apparatus worked by the horizontal swinging of a weighted lever, for cutting out with a die pieces of metal of a required shape from a bar or sheet. 1831 J. Holland Manuf. Metal I. 211 With a fly .. nails of almost any size or shape might.. be cut out of rolled metal. 6. Waste cotton. Cf. Flue sb , 2 , Fluff. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 274/1 Fly or short staple cotton, which has gathered below the machine. 1893 Labour Commission Gloss., Fly , loose down. III. attrib. and Comb. (In many of these the first element may be really the verb-stem.) 7 . a. Simple attributive, as (sense 3 b) fly-horse, -proprietor, (sense 4 a) fly-front, (sense 4 d) fly- gallery, (sense 5 b) fly-pinion, (sense 5 c) fly- piston, -screw. 1893 Times 8 July 12/2This coat has a “fly front buttoning underneath. 1888 Kobbe in Scribner's Mag. IV. 437 The “'fly-galleries on either side, from the lowest of which the drop-scenes and borders are worked. 1891 C. T. C. James Korn. Rigmarole 134 That moribund *fly-horse._ 1884 F. J. Britten Watch 4 Clockm. 106 [The] *Fly Pinion .. [is] the pinion in a clock which carries the fly. 1831 J. Hol¬ land Mann/. Metal I. 48 In which [cylinder] works a weighted, or what is called a “fly-piston. 1845 P. O. Directory 6 Home Counties 631/r Box John, “fly proprietor. 1831 J. Holland Manuf. Metal II. 152 In the production of boxes for “fly-screws and others having several worms, b. objective, as (sense 3 b) fly-driver, (sense 5 g) fly-finisher ; fly-finishing vbl. sb. ' 1847 Alb. Smith Chr. Tadpole v. (1879) 59 Prejudices, which..had somewhat operated against the “fly-drivers on the part of the family coachmen. 8. Special Comb., as fly-ball ( Base-ball ), a ball that may be caught ‘on the fly ’; fly-bill, a hand¬ bill to be scattered broadcast, also attrib .; fly- bloek ( Nan/.), ‘ the block spliced into the topsail- tye ’ (Adm. Smyth); fly-bridge =-- Flying Bridge ; fly-catch {Base-ball), a catch ‘on the fly’; fly- clock, a clock regulated by a fly, before the intro¬ duction of pendulums ; fly-coach = Fly sb . 2 3 a ; fly-cutter, a cutting tool driven at a high rate of speed; fly-door {Mining), a door opening either way; fly-drill (see quot.); fly-governor (see quot.) = Fly sb . 2 5 c; fly-line, the line of flight taken by a bird in its regular migrations; fly- page, the side of a fly-leaf (see Fly-leaf) ; fly- penning (see quot.); fly-piston (see quot.) ; fly- pole, = giant-stride ; fly-press, a screw press worked by a fly (see 5 c); fly-pulley, a pulley that may be shifted along the length of a shaft; fly-punching press, fly-rail (see quots.); fly- reed {Weaving), the reed of a fly-shuttle loom; fly-rope (see quot.); fly-sail {Naut.), ? = flying Jin; fly-shuttle {Weaving) (see quot. 1874); fly-spring (see quot.) ; fly-table, a table with flaps that may be let down; fly-tail, U.S., a small gill-net without sinkers formerly used for catching perch, etc. {Cent. Diet.); fly-tent, ?a tent having a fly (sense 4 b); fly-tip, fly-title, fly-tool, fly-up {Naut.) (see quots.) ; fly-wagon = Fly sb . 2 3 a. 1874 Chadwick Base Ball Man. 29 They should be .. ex¬ cellent judges of “fly-balls. 1891 Daily News 28 Sept. 7/1 A “fly-bill poster. 1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 46 Then, .reeve the other end through the “fly-block for a fall. 1614 Sylvester Bethulia's Rescue lit. no Th’ Engineer .. Brings here his “Fly-Bridge, there his batt’ring Crow. 1874 Chadwick Base Ball Man. 30 Chances for “fly-catches from short, high balls. 1830 Herschel Stud. Nat. Phil. 11. vi. (1851) 178 By clocks he [Lord Bacon] could not have meant pendulum clocks, which were not then known.. but “fly-clocks. 1818 Scott Hrt. Midi, i, The slow and safe motion of the ancient “Fly-coaches. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch Sf Clockm. 105 Latterly “fly cutters are often made double. 1851 Greenwell Coal-trade Terms Northutnb. ■V Dark., *Fly doors or swing doors. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech, I. 895 “ Fly-drill, one having a reciprocating fly¬ wheel which gives it a steady momentum. Ibid., *Fly- governor, one which regulates speed by the impact of vanes upon the air. 1884 H. Seebohm Brit. Birds II. 506 One of the “‘fly-lines’ of this species crosses the Bermuda Islands. 1892 J. Cave-Browne Hist. Boxley, A parish-register .. often contains on its “fly-pages chance notes and memoranda. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, “ Fly- penning, a mode of manuring land practised in England and in the colonies by folding cattle or sheep in rotation over different parts of it. 1884 J. J. Pope Number One iv. 101 A “‘ fly-pole ’ and a swing should be in every playground. 1819 Rees Cycl., The coining press or “fly-press. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. 1 . 896/2 Fly-press , a screw-press in which the power is derived from a weighted arm, swinging in a horizontal plane, as in embossing and die presses. 1884 Health Exhib. Catal. p. lvii/i Crank-shaft which carries “fly-pulley for transmitting the power by means of a strap. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 896 * Fly-punching press, a press for cutting teeth on saws and for other purposes. 1855 Ogilvie Suppl., *Fly-rail, that part of a table which turns out to support the leaf. 1863 J. Watson Art Weaving 126 When Mr. Bullough introduced his Loom with the “Fly Reed. 1892 Lockwood's Diet. Mech. Engin. App., *Ply Rope, a term often used to denote a rope of cotton or hemp used for telodynamic transmission of power. 1819 J. H. Vaux Mem. I. 65 With only a storm jib, and “fly-sail set. 1795 J. Aikin Manchester 300 With the use of the “fly shuttle. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 896 Fly-shuttle, a shuttle driven by a picker in contradistinction to one thrown by hand. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch 4 Clockm. 106 [The] “Fly Spring, .causes the outer cover of a watch case to fly open. 1785 Cowper Let. to J. Newton 19 Mar., The “fly- table was too slight and too small. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) II. 8 Three “fly-tents, with mattresses laid on the ground, accommodate six Europeans. 1874 Chadwick Base Ball Man. 58 *Fly Tip. This is a foul ball held by the catcher, sharp from the bat. 1888 Jacobi Printer's Voc., * Fly-title, the half-title in front of the general title, or which divides sections of a work. 1819 Rees Cycl., * Fly-tool is a very light narrow wooden spade shod with iron, which the navigators of a canal use for cutting or throwing out any soft clay .. or the like. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., * Fly-up, a sudden deviation upwards from a sheer line. 1827 Hood in Hone Every-day Bk. II. 1547 The ponderous “fly-waggon passed me. Fly (flai), a. slang, [prob. f. Fly zi. 1 , though the etymological nolion is doubtful.] 1 . Knowing, wide-awake, sharp. Fly to (any¬ thing) : ‘up’ to, well acquainted with, clever at. 1811 Lexicon Balatronicum s.v. Fly .. The rattling cove is fly; the coachman knows what we are about. 1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy II. 5 You are fly to cant. 1851 Mayhew Loud. Labour II. 109 We’re rather 4 fly to a dodge’. 1852 Dickens Bleak House xvi, 4 1 am fly’, says Jo. 2 . Of the fingers : Dexterous, nimble, skilful. 1834 H. Ainsworth Rookwood in. v, No dummy hunter had forks so fly. 1839 Reynolds Pic/eiu. abroad 224 We ll knap a fogle with fingers fly. 3 . Comb, as fly-flat (see quot.). 1889 Barr£re & Leland Slang, Fly-flat (Turf), one who really knows little or nothing about racing, but fancies him¬ self thoroughly initiated in all its mysteries. Fly (flai), v . 1 Pa. t. flew (fl? 7 ) ; pa. pple. flown (flyun). Forms: Infin. 1 fleo3-an {Mercian flds-an, north, fldsa, Kent, flfosan), 2-3 fleo(n, flon, (3 fleoin, south, vleoin), fli(en, 3 fle}(h.)en, Orm. fle3henn, 3-4 flei(e, fli}e(n, flihen, flyhen, south, vli}en, vlien, 4-6 fley(e, (4 flee}, fleighe, flei}, 5 flegh), 3-5 fleen, 3-6 fle, (4 south, vie), 4 7 flie, flye, (4 south, vlie, vly, 5 flyyn), 4- (now only Sc.) flee, 5- fly. Pa. t. a. sing. 1 Adas, Adah, fldx, 2-3 fleh, 3 fleah, fleeh, 3-4 flagh(e, fla3e, 4-6 flaw(e, 3-5 flegh(e, fle}(e, flei(g)h, fleyghe, flei}, fligh, fly. P. pi. 1 flu3on, 2-3 flo}e(n, flu}en, 3fluwen, 3-4 flow(e)n. 7. sing. 3-5 flough(e, 4-5 flou, flow, 5 flo}e, floy. 5 . sing, and pi. 5-6 flewe, (6 flue), 5- flew. Pa. pple. 1 flo3en, 3 flo^en, 4-6 flowe(n, (5 flone, floon, 6 fleen, flighen), 6-7 fline, flyen, flowne, (7-8 flew), 6- flown. Also weak pa. t. (rare and chiefly for rime): 4 flyghed, 5, 7 flyde, 7 Aide, flied, flyed. [A com. Teut. str. vb. • OE .fleogan, fllogin = OFris. fliaga, OS. *fliogan (MDu. vlie- ghen, Du. vliegen) = OPIG. fliogan (MHG. z die- gen, Ger. fliegen), ON. fljuga (Sw. flyga, Da. flyve), Goth. *fliugan (inferred from {us)flaugjan to lead forth in flight) OTeut. *fleugan {flaug, flugum, flogono-) pre-Teut. *pleugh-, plough-, p/ugh-. Not etymologically cognate with Flee v. The a. forms of pa.t. normally represent, according to period and dialect, the OE. Jleag, Jliah, and the forms the OE. pi . flugon. The y forms are transferred to the sing, from the pi. and the pa.pple. The origin of the 8 form flew(e, which now alone survives, is more difficult to account for; possibly it arose from a confusion with Flow (OE. p:i.t. /.Vi.vt'), with which this vb. had in the 15th c. come to coincide in the pa.pple; cf. however the somewhat similar phenomenon in the vb. slay, pa. t. slew, for which no parallel explanation can be given. With regard to the confusion between the verbs fly and flee, see Flee.] I. 1 . inir. To move through the air with wings. Also with adverbs, as about , away , forth , off, out , etc. As the crow flies : see Crow sb . 1 3 c. Beowulf 2273 (Gr.) Nacod ni 5 -draca, nihtes fleo^eS fyre befangen. a 1000 Judith 209 (Gr.) Ac him fleah on laste earn astes £eorn. £1175 Lamb. Horn. 129 Alle )>e fu3elas [>e flu3en bi ]>am lufte. c 1200 Ormin 5991 Forr aern ma}3 he3he fle3henn. c 1205 Lay. 3901 Her comen blake flejen and Au^en in mone e3ene. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 29 Beter hym hadde ybe Haue bi leued ther doune, than ylerned for to fle. a 1300 Cursor M. 13449 (Gott.) Nane j?at mai fii sua hei [als \>e am). £1330 R. Brunne Citron. (1810) 305 Alsfleihes doun ]>ei fleih, ten Jxmsand at ones. 1382 Wyclif Isa. vi. 6 Ther flei} to me oon of the serafyn. c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems 186 From their lyme-twygges I will flee fer asyde. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 11. lii. (1869) 95, I fly aboue \>e skyes heyere [>an ey)?er heroun or egret, c 1440 Gesta Rom . xix. 335 (Add. MS.) The bridde .. flew [Camb. MS. fly] forthe. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xxii. 105 O gentle egill! ..That of all fowlis dois heest fle. 1533 Antic Boleyn’s Coronat. in Furniv. Ballads from MSS. I. 380 She hathe fleen long, Vncertain where to light, a 1649 Drumm. of Hawth. Poems Wks. (1711) 13 The feathered troops that flee, and sweetly sing. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 159 P 8, I wished for the Wings of an Eagle, that I might fly away to those happy seats. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) J- 580 O11 my approach¬ ing him, he [a butterflyl flew off. 1822 Shelley Calderon 1. 46 Would that my feet were wings, So would I fly to Livia. b. fig. ; esp. of fame, a report, etc. To fly high (or a high pitch) : to aim at or reach a high pitch of action, feeling, etc. (cf. Flight sb. 3). Also To fly lenv : to avoid notoriety. To fly short of : to fail in mounting to the level of. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 165 Alse ]>e fugeles. .swo docS ]>is mannisse flieS fram iuele to werse. *11225 Ancr. R. 152 Bi nihte beo fleoinde ant sechinde ouwer soule heouenliche node, c 1384 Chaucf.r //. Fame hi. 1028 Wenged wondres faste fleen. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon i. 39 The renomme therof floughe vnto the duke. 1548 U dall, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke iv. 55 The fame which had to fore ..flighen abrode. 1571 Hanmer Chron. Irel. (1633) 125 The prosperous successes of Earle Richard, were no sooner effected, but fame flyed abroad, a 1592 H. Smith Serm. (1866) II. 14 Try every piece of gold, when many Flemish angels fly abroad. 1608 Topsell Serpents (1658) 706 A Dragon, whereof their flyeth this tale. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. in. v. 61 Wing’d with feruour of her loue, she’s flowne To her desir’d Posthumus. 1611 Bible Ps. xc. 10 Their strength..is soone cut off, and we flie away. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. x. 40 How short they flew of that spirit, .their vveaknesse sufficiently declared. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. ix. vii. § 9 Matters flying thus high, the Arch- Bishop .. conceived it the safest way to [etc.]. 1705 Hiciceringill Pricst-cr. 11. iv. 41 They fly High in their high-flown Divinity. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 194 P 2 When the Fame, says he, of this celebrated Beauty first flew Abroad. 1716 Bp. of Bristol Charge 19 Where a Mean is commendable. He must neither fly too High, nor creep too Low. 1827 Southey Penins. War II. 752 Those brethren whose piety flies the highest pitch. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rez>. III. 11. iv. 117 As for the elder Egalite he flies low at this time. 1847 Tennyson Princ. v. 271 She flies too high. 1859— Elaine 1188 When did not rumours fly? C. quasi -trails. with cognate object. 1605 Shaks. Macb. hi. ii. 40 Ere the Bat hath flowne His Cloyster'd flight. 1609 A. Craig Poet. Recreat. 7 Want., makes my Muse so lowe a course to flee. d. In a few expressions, as The bird is or has flown (chiefly fig.), To let (a bird ) fly, the simple vb. is used = 4 fly away \ 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. xcv. 75 They, .bonde it to the sparwes fete, and afterward lete hem flee. 1847 Tennyson Princess iv. 90 O tell her, Swallow, that thy brood is flown. 1855 — Maud 1. xxii. 2 The black bat, night, has flown. a 1881 Rossetti House of Life viii, Thank his wings to-day that he is flown. e. Of birds: To migrate or issue forth in a body. Cf. Flight sb . 1 1 e. 1766 Pennant Zool. (176S) II. 330 The wild birds fly (as the bird-catchers term it) during the month of October. f. Of fish : To spring from the water. Also in more literal sense said of Flying-fish. 1579 T. Stevens Lett, from Goa in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 160 There is another kind of fish as big almost as a herring, which hath wings and fiieth. 1734 Mortimer in Phil. Trans. XXXVIII. 316 The Wings with which it flies in the Air are only a Pair of very large Finns. 1867 F. Francis Angling ix. (1880) 336 Seeing the small fry flying from the water as though a pike were after them. 2 . traits. ( causatively ). To set (birds) flying one against the other. Const, with. Also with away : To send flying away; to let fly. 1607 Hey wood Woman killed w. Kindn. 11. Wks. (1874) II. 96 Meet me to morrow At Cheuy-chase, lie flie my Hawke with yours. 1845 Carlyle Cromwell (1871) V. 58 (Sp. xiii) Ordered to fly-away their game-cocks. 1883 C. J. Wills Mod. Persia 94 The pigeons are flown twice a day. 3 . Hazvking. a. Of the hawk : To gain by flying a position of attack. Const, at . To fly on head , to fly gross : see quots. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. 11. (1677) 164 Fly on head is missing her Quarry and betaking her self to the next Check, as Crows [etc.]. Ibid. 203 It is less difficult to teach a Hawk to fly at Fowl than. .to. .love the Lure. 1677 Coles, Fly gross when hawks fly at great Birds, as Cranes. 1684 R. H. School Recreat. 78 Gerfaulcon will fly at the Hern. Saker, at the Crane or Bittern. 1774G0LDSM. Nat. Hist . (1776) V. 131 They have been indeed taught to fly at game. 1826 Sir J. S. Sebright Observ. Hawking (1828) 57, I will suppose that hawks are to fly three days in the week. fig. 1830 Sir J. Barrington Pers. Sketches (ed. 2) II. 186 He had occasionally flown at higher game in the regions of poesy. 1847 Marryat Childr. N. Forest vii, Deerstalking is all very well, but I fly at higher game. b. causatively. Of the falconer: To cause (a hawk) to attack by flying. Also absol. and to fly with (a hawk). Const, at. 1591 Florio Sec. Fruites^, I loue to flie at the Partridge and at the Fesant. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hoi. VI, n. i. 1 For flying at the Brooke, I saw not better sport these seuen yeeres day. 1638 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 233 Their best Falcons are out of Russia, .they fly them at choise game. 1674 N. Cox Genii. Recreat. (1677) 187 At first fly with her at young Pheasant or Partridge. Ibid. 213 They are flown at Field or Brook, a 1711 Ken Edmund Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 66 His Hawks he oft at Game Aerial flew. 1865 Kingsley Herew. xxi, He flew his hawks at a covey of partridges. 1879 Radcliffe in Encycl. Brit. IX. 9/1 Falcons or long¬ winged hawks are either 4 flown out of the hood’ i.e. un¬ hooded and slipped when the quarry is in sight, or [etc.]. fig. 1643 Digby Observ. Sir T. Browne’s Relig. Med\ 10 Much lesse can it be expected that an excellent Physi- tian. .should, .flye his thoughts at so towring a Game. FLY. 371 FLY. c. To chase with a hawk. Also of the hawk: To attack by flying. 7 b fly the river ■ to chase water- fowl. To fly to the mark : see quot. 1891. c 1590 Greene Fr. Bacon xii, We’ll fly the partridge, or go rouse the deer, a 1654 Selden Table-t. (Arb.) 80 A Hawk that flyes a covey of Partridges. 1674 N. Cox Gcntl. Recrcat. n. (1677) 209 These Hawks do not fly the River. Ibid, 225 When she hath flown a Partridge to the Mark, she will not away until [etc.]. 1710 Apparition 30 So wary Hawks do fearful Pidgeons fly. 1879 Radcliffe in Encycl . Brit, IX. 9/2 Rooks are flown in the same manner as herons. 189, Hakting Biblioth. Accipitrarici Gloss. 226 Mark, to fly at, v. generally said of a Goshawk, when, having ‘ put in' a covey of partridges, she takes stand, marking the spot where they disappeared from view until the falconer arrives to put them out to her. fig- 1633 B. Jonson Magn. Lady Induct., Fly every¬ thing you see to the mark, and censure it freely. 1691 Drypen K. Arthur m. ii, Oh, still thou think’st to fly a fool to mark. 4 . intr. To pass or rise quickly in or through the air. Also with about, away, forth, off, out, up, etc. To fly compass : see Compass C. 3 b.' a 1000 lilcne 140 (Gr.) DaroS-sesc flugon, hildenaedran. CI175 Lamb, Horn. 85 pet sinal chef pet Aid ford mid he winde. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 45/377 Ore leuedi made pe soule a-non to pe bodi a3en fleo. c 1340 Cursor M. 6381 (Fairf.) Hit [rc. the manna] flagh til ham als hit ware flour. 1551 T. Wilson Logike (1580) 43 Bullettes of Leade..flie not into the Aire by their owne power. 1601 Shaks. Alt’s IVell m. ii. 113 You leaden messengers.. Fly with false ayme. 1633 Shirley Vug. Admiral 1. i, Arrows that fly compass Arrive with, .happiness to the mark. 1665 Hooke Microgr . 203 The spirit of Wine would immediately fly away. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 11. 464 Golden Stars flew up to Light the Skies. 1733 Berkeley Alciphr. vi. § 14 That the volatile salt or spirit may fly off. J779-8 1 Johnson Life Drake Wks. IV. 448 They., let the smoak fly out at the door. 1785 Burns To IV. Simpson xiii, Blinding drifts wild-furious flee Dark’ning the day. 1807 Hutton Course Math. II. 264 Sound flies, .at the rate of about 1142 feet in 1 second. 1819 Byron Juan 11. xi, The dashing spray Flies in one’s face. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. I. 106 Fragments of ice flying in all directions. i860 Tyndall Glac, 1. xv. 100 Fleecy clouds flew over the heavens. b. To leap or spring lightly, or vault over. To fly the garter-, see Fly-the-gakiee. 1719 De Foe Crusoe l. 273 Friday..flew over my outer Wall or Fence. 1791 G. Gambado Ann. Horsem. vi. (1S09) 94 When your horse has flown over a gate or stile. 1837 Dickf.ns Pickw. xxxviii, Who. .will ever employ a profes¬ sional man, when they see his boy. .flying the garter in the horse-road t Mod. He flew over two backs at once. c. Of stairs : To descend or ascend without change of direction. Cf. Flight sbP 7. 1685 Temple Gardening Wks. 1731 I. 187 Many Steps flying on each Side of a Grotto. 1703 T. N. City A- C. Purchaser 248 Straight Stairs, .are such as always fly, and never Wind. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 145 The stairs sometimes wind, and sometimes fly off from that winding. 5. Irons. ( causatively ). a. To cause (a kite) to rise and maintain its position in the air. Also colloq. or slang, To fly a kite : to raise money by an accommodation bill; hence to fly a bill. 1739 Chester!-. Lett. (1792) I. xxxi. 108 If you were to fly your kite. 1808 Sporting Mag. XXXII. 381 In Ire¬ land flying the kite is used as a cant phrase for raising money on accommodation bills. 1833 Marryat P. Simple II. ii. 23 One of the amusements of the prisoners was flying kites. 1848 Punch 27 May 226/1 He never does ‘ a little discounting’ nor lends his hand to ‘flying a kite’, i860 Trollope Framlcy P. xxvii, Fly a bill, and let Tozer have it to get cash on it in the city 1 1875 Tennyson Q. Mary 1. v, O Madam, You fly your thoughts like kites. b. To convey through the air. 1864 Sala in Daily Tel. 23 Dec., The first wires were flown across by means of a kite. c. slang. To fly the mags : see quots. To fly a tile, to knock off a man’s hat. 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Diet., Fly the mags, to gamble, by tossing up halfpence. 1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy II. 158 Another point of amusement is plying a tile, or slating a man, as the phrases of the Stock Exchange describe it. 1838 H. Ainsworth Rookivood irt. xiii, ‘Fly the mags ’,. .replied Rust; ‘ if heads, we scrag him.' d. colloq. To send (a letter) hastily. 1846 Darwin in Life ty Lett. (1887) I. 351 Immediately that I hear I will fly you a line. 1859 Ibid. (1887) II. 160. 6 . intr. Of something attached by one edge or end, esp. of a flag, hair, a garment, etc.: To float loosely; to flutter, wave. Cf. Flying colours. 1659 D. Pell Impr. Sea 271 The Antient-staff, about which the ships-colours do fly. 1659 B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 309 To.. march with drums beating and colours flying. 1725 Pope Odyss. xiii. 273 Around her shoulders flew the waving vest. 1782 Cowper Gilpin 101 The wind did blow, the cloak did fly. 1794 Rigging A Seamanship I. 214 Royals are set flying. 1797 Nelson 28 Nov. in Nicolas Disp. II. 455 A Captain was appointed to the Ship in which my Pendant flew. 18x0 Scott Lady of L. it. xxi, Loose on the breeze their tresses flew. 1880 Tennyson Def. Lucknosu i, Banner of England. .Flying at top of the roofs in the ghastly siege of Lucknow. b. trans. To set (a flag) flying; to carry at the mast-head; to hoist; occas. with out. Also, To set (a sail) loosely: see quots. 1655 M. Carter Hon. Rediv. (1660) 187 From which time ever since they flye that Crosse in their Banners. 1794 Rigging ff Seamanship I. 166 Flying of Sails, setting them in a loose manner; as royal sails without lifts. 1863 Lotid. Rev. 10 Ian. 37 To sink, burn, and destroy every¬ thing that flew the ensign of the so-called United States of America. 1885 Law Times 23 May 63/1 The steamship . .flying signals of distress. 1887 Kingi.akk Crimea VIII. 300 She flew out the signal—‘Farewell!* 1887 Besant World went i, If they do fly the black flag, it is only l" 1 • -1- 7 . intr. To move or travel swiftly, pass rapidly, rush along. Also with about, along, away, back, etc. a 1300 Cursor M. 21280 (Cott.) And [pe quil] fleis wit-vten blin. 1513 Douglas /Ends m. ii. no We. .with swift cours flaw throw the salt see. 1563 W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 33 b, A whirlewind. .breaking forth, flyeth round like a great cart-wheele. *11575 Gascoigne Pr. Pleas . Kenilw. Avj, The fierie flames, which through the waues so flue. £7 1611 Chapman Iliad xviu. 191 So fear’d The fair man’d horses that they flew back, a 1667 Jer. Taylor Contempt. State Man. I. v.(i 699) 54 A corrupt Humour. .which flies into the Heart. 1703 Rowe Ulyss. 11. i. 582 A Troop of Nymphs Flew lightly by us. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters I. 187 The pains . .wander, shoot, and fly about, sometimes with astonishing swiftness. 1782 Cowper Gilpin 234 Six Gentlemen upon the road, Thus seeing Gilpin fly. 1842 Tennyson Day¬ dream , Arrival iii, The colour flies into his cheeks. 1849 Macaulay Hist . Eng. I. 386 We fly from York, .to London by the light of a single winter’s day. i860 Tyndall Glac. II. i. 223 The velocity with which the earth flies through space. 1883 E. Pennell-Elmhirst Cream Lcicestersh. 132 He had never seen hounds fly along as they did now. b. esp. of time. [With mixture of senses 1 and 11; cf. fugit invida xlas.~] 1597 Shaks. Lovers Compl. 60 That..had let go by The swiftest hours, observed as they flew. 1712 Pope Messiah 21 Swift fly the years, and rise th’ expected morn ! 1800-24 Campbell Poems, Song ii, Time .. Flies like a courser nigh the goal. 1847 L. Hunt Jar Honey xii. (1848) 154 Time flies, and friends must part. f c. Of a stage-coach: To ‘ run’. Obs . 1748 St. James’s Even. Post No. 6039 Dover, and Deal Stage-Coaches, will continue Flying till the First Day of October. + d. quasi-//-#/**. To run over hurriedly. Obs .~ 1 1589 Hay any Work 41 Your, .purciuantes flye citie & countrie to seeke for Waldegraue. + e. Fly (a)round ( U.S. colloq.): to bustle about, bestir oneself. 1851 Hooper Night at Ugly Matts in Wdw. Rugby's Hitsb. 44 Old ’ooman, fly around, git somethin* for the Squire and Dick to eat. 1871 Mrs. Stowe Oldtown Fires. Stories 63 He flew round like a parched pea on a shovel. 8. Of persons and animals: To move with a start or rush ; to spring, start, hasten, rush. To Jly to arms: to take up arms on a sudden. To jly in the face of: see Face sb. 4 b. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. ii. 17 The Sarazin .. Snatcheth his sword, and fiercely to him flies. 1768 Sterne Sent. Journ. (1778) I. 118 The bidet flew from one side of the road to the other. 1782 Cowper Gilpin 163 The calender, .flew to the gate. 1824 Scott Redgauntlet let. xi, The nag began to spring, and flee, and stend. 1826 Disraeli Viv. G?ey 11. vi, In this dilemma he flew to his father. 1847 Mrs. A. Kerr Hist. Servia 185 In a violent commotion, they had flown to arms. 1854 Miss Manning Old Chelsea Bun-ho. vii. (1855) 116 She flew up-stairs, without at all regarding the trouble. 1881 Gardiner & Mullinger Study Eng. Hist. 1. ii. 37 Danes and English were especially ready to fly apart. b. To fly at, on, upon : to spring with violence upon, attack with fury, rush upon ; lit . and fig. Also ( rarely ) transf. of inanimate objects. 1549 Coverdale etc. Erasm. Par. 1 John iii. 15 He hath not thrust his sword in him. .he hath not fiowen upon him. 1583 Rich Phylotus <$- Emelia (1835) 17 He seemed, as though he would haue fline vpon her in the streate. 1586 Warner Alb. Eng. 1. vi, Whom Cerberus forsaking then at Hercules he Aide. 1611 Bible i Sam. xv. 19 Wherefore then didst thou .. flie vpon the spoile. 1692 South Serm., 1 John iii. 21 (1737) II. xii. 464 When an en¬ raged conscience shall fly at him, and take him by the throat. 1748 Anson’s Voy. iii. ix. 393 One of them flew on the fellow who had the sword. 1782 Miss Burney Cecilia vi. xi, You..never fly at your servants. 1807-8 Syd. Smith Plymlcy’s Lett. Wks. 1859 II. 160/1 If you have.. worried a mastiff dog for years.. he flies at you whenever he sees you. 1834 Darwin in Life $ Lett. (1887) I. 250 My ham¬ mer has flown with redoubled force on the devoted blocks, c i860 Miss Yonge Strayed Falcon in Hist . Dramas No. 3 (Groombridge) 46 People came out of the dining-room, and Katie flew upon them. 1861 Dickens Gt. Expect, ix, My sister with an exclamation of impatience was going to fly at me. c. To fly in or into (a passion, rapture, etc.) : to pass suddenly into (such a state). 1683 Hacke Collect. Voy. 1. (1699) 32 Which made the other fly into a Passion with him. 1797 Scott Let. to Mrs. Scott in Lockhart Life viii, Without flying into raptures.. I may safely assure you, that [etc.]. 1819 Byron Juan 1. liv, She flew in a rage. 1887 R* N. Carey Uncle Max xxii. 176, I only flew into a passion, and asked her how [etc.]. d. To fly off: lit. to start away; To revolt’ (J.); fig . to take another course; to break away (from an agreement or engagement). 1667 Milton P. L. vi. 614 Strait they changd thir minds, Flew off and into strange vagaries fell. 1713 Addison Cato iv. 54 The tray tor Syphax. .Flew off at once with his Nu- midian Horse. 1785 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 16 Dec., I was .. ready to fly off if any one knocked at the street-door. 1816 Sporting Mag. XLV 1 II. 173 From this agreement he flew off. 1864 H. Ainsworth John Lmv iii. ii. Were I to ask for time, [Nicomede] would inevitably fly off, and the affair would come to an end. e. To Jly out: (a) to spring out, come out sud¬ denly; to rush out; ( b ) to ‘explode* or burst out into extravagance in conduct, language, or temper. Const, against, at, upon (an object); into (action, language, feeling, etc.). (a) 01400 Maundev. (1839) 2 7 There fleigh out an Eddere right hidous to see. 1607 Shaks. Cor. 1. x. 19 My valor, .for him Shall flye out of it selfe. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xiv. 43 Eighty Mahometans came flying out from under their hatches. 1726 Shf.lvocke Voy. round World (1757) 163 Without flying out of the bounds they had prescribed to themselves. 0 b ) 1638 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 84 Upon his., oath never more to fly out, is pardoned. 1649 Bp. Hall Cases Consc. 498 Impatient. .of their conjugall disappoint¬ ments, fly out into open contestations. 1667 Pepys Diary (1877) V. 394, I was troubled..to hear my Lord fly out against their great pretence of merit from the King. 1681 W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 616 To fly out or squander his estate. 1779 Mad. D’Arblay Diary Nov., He constrained himself from flying out as long as he was able. 1865 Comh. Mag. Oct. 390, I beg your pardon for flying out upon you so. 1868 G. Duff Pol. Sum.’. 130 Another friend, .has flown out to me at the action of the Radicals. 1884 Church Bacon iii. 62 She thought of the possibility of his flying out unexpectedly, .and attempting to serve her interests, not in her way, but in his own. 9 . Of things: To be forced or driven off suddenly or with a jerk; to start. Of a limb : To be parted suddenly from the body. Const, from, out of. Also to sendflying . c 1340 Gaw. $ Gr. Knt. 459 pat pe fyr of pe flynt fla^e fro foie houes. 1375 Barbour Bruce iii. 115 He raucht till him sic a dynt, That arme and schuldyr flaw him fra. c 1440 Generydes 2670 Mi swerd out of myn hond fligh. 1533 Ld. Berners Ituon xlvi. 153 His hede flewe fro hys sholders. 1593 Shaks. Lucr. 177 From the could stone sparkes of fire doe flie. 1659 D. Pell Impr. Sea 427 Then flyes in his face all his whoring, swearing, lying. 1683 Waller Invas. Turks 23 He Bassas’ heads, to save his own, made fly. 1796 Mrs. Glasse Cookery xxi. 321 Let it stand an hour before you open it, lest it fly in your face. 1847 Porter Big Bear etc. 132 Thar, they r ve got him agin, and now the fur flies. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom’s C. xx, ‘Oughter see how old Mas’r made the flesh fly.’ 1879 F. Pollok Sport Brit. Burmah II. 149 Up would go the elephant's hind leg, sending the pig flying. 1885 Spectator 30 May 698/2 The engine minder who goes to the parish doctor because a spark has flown in his eye. b. fig. Of money : To be rapidly spent. 1632 Rowley Woman never vext 11, Marry her, and let her estate fly. 1635 N. R. Camden's Hist. Eliz. an. 5.1. 48 Edward Earle of Oxford (who set his Patrimony flying). 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 97 In this resolve she lets her Treasure fly. 1840 Lady C. Bury Hist. Flirt iv, I shall certainly make his money fly. c. With various advbs., about , back , off, out, up, etc. + To Jly off: (of cannon) to be fired. £71340 Cursor M. 1769 (Fairf.) pe fire flaghe out with ponder and raine. c 1430 Syr. Gener. (Roxb.) 5934 Of his she Id floy of a grete cantel. £71460 Lannfal 473 The erl of Chestere. .smot hym the helm on hegh That the crest adoun flegh. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. v. 7 From their shields forth flyethfirie light. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII, v.i. iii My Chaffe and Come shall flye asunder. 1650 Howell Giraffi's Rev. Naples 1. (1664) 117 The Vice-roy .. caus’d all the ordnance to flie off. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto’s Trav. xvi. 55 The dog struck her over the head with his hatchet till her brains flew out. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 15 They., cannot agree together, but fly back from each other. 1684 R. H. School Recrcat. 41 Which ..by spouting out, will make the Water fly about. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 169 The Tool will, .fly off where a Knot .. comes to the Tool. 1712 W. Rogers Voy. 107 Lowering her Main-Yard: the Tack flew up. 1713 Berkeley Guardian No. 126 F 2 The earth, .without flying off in a tangent line, constantly rolls about the sun. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 349 The ice shivering with the violence of the strain..the anchor flew out. d. causative and quasi-/*-#//*. 1676 Worlidge Cyder { 1601) 146 The Liquor were better fly the Cork than break tne Bottle. 1876 G. Meredith Beauch. Career II. vi. 108 The ship in the Arabian tale coming within the zone of the magnetic mountain, flies all its bolts and bars and becomes sheer timbers. e. intr. Of a door or window: To be thrown suddenly open, to, up, etc. Rarely trans. (slang) To throw up (a window). 1625 Massinger New Way 11. iii, I..To whom great countesses’ doors have oft flew open. 1782 Cowper Gilpin no Up flew the windows all. 1847 Emerson Poems (1857) 116 At unawares, Self-moved, fly-to the doors. 1857 R. L. Snowden Magistr. Assist, (ed. 3) 447 To lift a window, to fly a window. 1870 Thornbury Tour Eng. I. ii. 36 The dark prison doors flew open at the first chink of the gold. 1885 Stevenson Dynamiter ii. 10 The door flew back emitting clouds of smoke. * f. To fly in pieces, or simply to fly : to break up suddenly, shiver, split up. f To fly on fire : to burst into flames. £7 1470 Henry Wallace 11. 50 Bayn and brayn he gert in peces fle. 1624 Massinger Renegade 11. iii, This pure metal . .rather Than hold one drop that’s venomous, of itself It flies in pieces. 1692 Ray Dissol. World iii. iv. (1732) 327 All the moisture will at length be drawn out and the world fly on fire. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 1. 262 Lest crack’d with Summer Heats the flooring flies. 1726 Shelvocke Vby. round World (1757) 245 It rent and split, and flew like glass. 1766 Goldsm. Hermit xiv, The crackling faggot flies. 1881 Young AV. Man his oivn Mechanic § 1461 If., the first time of using the heat is raised rapidly, they are certain to crack or ‘ fly ’. g. Naut. Of the wind: To shift or veer suddenly. Also with about, off. Of a ship, her head : To fly to, up in, into the wind (see quots.). 1699 Dahpikr Voy. II. in. 25 The Winds fly in a moment quite round the Compass. Ibid. 27 About Mid-day they fly off 2, 3 or 4 Points further from the Land. 1853 Ogilvie Suppl., Ely, To fly about. Among seamen, the wind is said to fly about, when it changes frequently during a short 47-^ FLY. 372 FLY-BY-NIGHT. space of time. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s. v. Fly-up , ToJly up in the wind , is when a ship’s head comes suddenly to windward, by carelessness of the helmsman. Ibid., Flying-to is when a vessel, .is coming to the wind rapidly, the warning is given to the helmsman, ‘ Look out, she is flying-to’. 1882 Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 232 The ship is sure to fly up into the wind. 10 . To let fly. a. To discharge (missiles). a 1000 Judith 220 (Gr.) Hie ]>a fromlice leton for 5 fleojan flana scuras. c 1250 Gen. <$- Ex. 479 An lamech dro}e is arwe tier, And letet fle^en ofSe streng. 1664 Butler Hud. 11. ii. 815 At that an egg let fly, Hit him directly o’er the eye. 1832 Hr. Martineau Life in Wilds v. 58 He let fly one of his precious arrows. b. absol. To fire, shoot; also said occas. of a gun. Also, to make an attack (with any weapon). 1611 Cotgr. s. v. Pied, Jouer a quattre pieds contre , to kicke, winse, or let fly at with all foure. 1624 Capt. Smith Virginia in. vi. 62 We let fly amongst them so that they fled. 1686 J. Sergeant Monast . Conventions 185 Then. .the Cannon of the Castle let fly. a 1735 Granville Ess. Unnat. Flights in Poetry 55 The noisy culverin, o'ercharg’d, lets fly. 1879 F. Pollok Sport Brit. Burmak II. 41, 1 let fly again, and this time killed it. c. fig. ( trans . and absol.). 1590 Spenser F. Q. hi. ix. 52 Many fair belgardes let fly. 1654 H. L’Estrange Chas. I (1655) 24 A Member of the House of Commons let fly this reply. 1678 Trans. Crt. Spam 180 And to take all pretext from those who by ignorance or malice let flye against me. 1859 Punch 6 Aug. 54/1 Lord Lyndhurst, at whom it pleased Mr. Bright to scoff, .let fly at that respected Quaker. 1887 Besant The World went xvi. 135 He let fly a round dozen or so of sailors’ oaths. d. Naut. To allow (a sail or sheet) to fly loose; rarely to set (a sail), to carry, hoist (colours). 1627 Capt. Smith Seamans Gram. ix. 39 When we say, let fly the sheats, then they let go amaine, which commonly is in some gust. 1659 D. Pell Impr. Sea 297 If they finde them unwilling to bee spoke with all, Frigots let flye all the sails that ever they can make. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 1. 48 It is the custom of our Countrymen abroad, to let fly their Colours on Sundays. 1805 Sir E. Berry in Nicolas Nelson's Disp. VII. 118, I then let fly the top-gallant sheets. II. In senses of Flee. (Now in pres.-stem only: see the remarks under Flee v.) 11 . a. =Flee 1, 1 b, and id. Also quasi-/^;^. a 1000 Byrhtnoth 275 (Gr.) paet he nolde fleogan fotmsel landes. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccxxxvi. 334 For to dye in the place they wyll nat flye one fote. 1548 Hall Chron., Edw. IV, (an. 8) 204 b, Syr Robert was exhortyng .. hys men .. which were .. redy to flye. 1594 H. Willobie in Shahs. C. Praise 10 Nor flye the field though she deny, a 1625 B. Jonson, etc. Widow I. i, I’ll make him fly the land. 1662 Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 462 Flying the realme at the king’s returne. 1678 Butler Hud. m. iii. 243 Those that fly may fight again. a 1703 Burkitt On N. T. Mark ii. 2 Honour flies from them that pursue it. 1715-20 Pope Iliad 1. 35 Hence on thy Life, and fly these hostile Plains. 1839 Thirlwall Greece VI. 1 . 224 Sisygambis refused to fly. 1855 Thackeray Rose Ring xi, You must fly the country for a while. b. = Flee 2 and 2 c. Const, into, to, f unto. a 1300 Cursor M. 6675 (Gott.) If he to min auter fly. 1584 Powel Lloyd's Cambria 5 Being in the Battle, .and Flieng to the wood. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Treat, xxi. 76 Unless upon .. the new Moons, one fly into the Ports for shelter. <1x7x1 Ken Anodynes Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 409 When Pangs . .disturb my Sleep, To various Anodynes I fly. 1818 Jas. Mill Brit. India III. v. viii. 641 It was to the English he must have flown for protection. c. =Flee 3 and 4. 1581 Pettie tr. Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 4 Delightes, from which a great manie men flie. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 48 All Hr. the inhabitants] .. flie away in Summer to avoid the intolerable heat. 1725 Pope Odyss. v. 60 He [Hermes] grasps the wand that causes sleep to fly. 1817 Shelley Rev. Islam, xi. vii. 6, I cannot reach thee ! whither dost thou fly? 1875 Jowett Plato fed. 2) V. 73 He grows like evil men, and is compelled to fly from, the company of the good. d. =Flee 5. (Said of a shadow, colour, etc.) *535 Covbrdale Job xiv. 2 He [man] flyeth as it were a shadowe. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. 11. ii. 215 Loue like a shadow flies, when substance Loue pursues. 1821 Shelley Adonais lii, Heaven’s light for ever shines, Earth’s shadows fly. a 1861 Mrs. Browning My Heart I ii, As if such colors could not fly. e. trans. = Flee 7 and 8. + To fiy the heels (see quot. 1727). 1552 Latimer Ser/n. Third Sond. Epiph. Fruitful Serin. C 1 584) 312 b, Haue an earnest desire to leaue sinne, and to flye the same. 1583 Babington Commandm. ix. (1637)87 Flye to heare as thou wouldest flye to speake what tendeth vnto slaunder. 1635 A. Stafford Fern. Glory (1869) 54 Though lie be ambitious of Dignities .. he seems to flie them. 1727 Bailey vol. II. s.v., To Fly the Heels .. a Term used of a Horse, when he obeys the Spur. 1754 Chatham Lett. Nephew iv. 27 FJy with abhorrence and contempt supersti¬ tion and enthusiasm, a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) II. 241 True pity, .flies the rich, it flies the vain. t f. To escape the notice of. Cf. Flee 9. Obs .~ 1 c 1611 Chapman Iliad xvi. Comm., It flies all his translators and interpreters. Fly (nai), v . 2 Pa. t. and pa. pple. flied, flyed. [f. Fly sb. 1 and 2 .] 1 . a. intr. To travel by a fly. b. trans. To convey in a fly. 1836 Southey Let. to Miss. K. Southey 25 Nov. (1856) IV. 476 Wzjlied. .over Quantock to Stowey. Ibid. 478 Poole flied us all the way to Sir T. Acland’s Somersetshire seat. 2. Printing-. To do the office of a fly (see Fly sb . 1 6) or ily-boy to. To Jiy the Jrishet (see quot. 1871). To Jly the sheet : to lift it, by holding it at one end, into the printing machine ; as opposed to stroking it in. Also, in U.S. (see quot. 1871). 1871 Amcr. Encycl. Print., Fly the Frisket , to turn down the frisket and tympan by the same motion. Ibid. s.v. Fly- boy, When, .it is requisite that boys should assist in taking the printed sheets, one by one, from the form or the press, this operation is called flying the sheets. 3 . In the Hardware trades : To stamp or cut out by means of a fly (Fly sb . 2 5 i). Also with out. Fly, obs. form of Flay, Fley. Flyable (flaiab’l), a. Hunting colloq. [f. F'ly v . 1 + -able.] That can be flown or leapt over. i8 93 Field 11 Feb. 188/3 An Irish bank is not ‘flyable’. Fly-about, a. nonce-wd. Given to ‘ flying about.’ 1799 Mrs. J. West Tale of Times I. 298 Your good sense will keep you from running wild, as many of our young fly-about travellers do. Fly -away, a. and sb. ff. vbl. phr. see Fly vP] A. adj. Ready or apt to fly away. a. Of articles of dress: Streaming, loose, neglige, b. Of persons: Flighty, extravagant, volatile. Fly-a7uay grass ( U.S.), the Agrostis scaba, a common grass of North America, with a very loose light panicle. Also called hair-grass (Cent. Diet.). 1775 S. J. Pratt Liberal Opin. (1783)11. 230 His reducing the fly-away farmer’s daughters to a proper sense of their condition. 1844 Dickens Mart. Chuz. v, Drest in such a free and fly-away fashion, that the long ends of his loose red neckcloth were streaming out behind him. 1848 — Donibey xl, It was not easy to put her into a fly-away bonnet now. 1871 M. Collins Mrq. <5- Merck. III. v. 136 Servant-girls with flyaway caps on their heads. 1891 Pall Mall G. 21 May 2/2 They have brought it home to the most flyaway supporter of the A.P.S. B. sb. One that flies away. Cf. runaway. 1838 Emerson Nat., Lit. Ethics Wks. (Bohn) II. 212 Truth is such a flyaway, such a slyboots. b. Naut. A delusive appearance, of land, a mirage. Also <7?/*m-proper name, Cafe Flyaway. 1867 in Smyth Sailors Word-bk. 1883 in W. C. Russell Sailor's Lang. Fly-bane. [f. Fly sbP + Bane.] 1 . The popular name of various plants: (a) = Catchfly ; ( b ) the ploughman’s spikenard (Inula Conyza) ; (c) (see quot. 1863). 1597 Gerarde Herbal Table Eng. names, Fliebane and his kinds, see catch Flie. 1819 Rees Cycl., Fly-bane, in Botany, see Silcne. 1861 Miss Pratt Flozucr. PI. III. 300 Inula Conyza (Ploughman’s Spikenard), .possesses .. a valuable oil .. which is said to destroy insects ; hence the plant is sometimes called I'ly-bane. 1863 Prior Plant-n., F'lybane, from being used mixed with milk to kill flies. Agaricus musearins L. 2 . Poison for flies ; in quot. the venom of spiders. 1704 Swift Balt. Bks. 247 An over-weening Pride [in the Spider], .turns all into Excrement and Venom; producing nothing at last, but Fly-bane and a Cobweb. Fly - -bi:tten, ppl- a. [f. as prec. + Bitten.] 1 . Bitten by flies; loosely used for: •)• a. Fly- specked; ’|’ b. Fly-blown; c. Stung by flies. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, 11. i. 159 These Fly-bitten 'Papistries. 1598 Florio, Alida .. flie-bitten meate. 1884 A. Gregory in Fortn. Rev. Mar. 378 Their [Baggara Arabs’] wealth consists of herds of lean fly-bitten cattle. + 2 . = Flea-bitten 2. Obs. 1639 De Gray Compl. Horsem. 22. Fly-blow, sb. [f. Fly sb. 1 + Blow sb.*] 1 . The egg deposited by a fly in the flesh of an animal, or the maggot proceeding therefrom. Also colled. Rarely the action of depositing the egg. 1556 J. Heywood Spider 4- F. xliv. 229 This flie hath blown fliblowe in mine eare a pecke. 1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. 467/1 Little long eggs called Fly blowes. 1713 Warder True Amazons (ed. 2) 18 The Eggs., are .. something bigger than the common Fly-blow. 1757 Dyer Fleece 1. 579 Lest touch of busy fly-blows wound their skin. 1825 On Bull Bailing 1. Houlston Tracts I. xxvii. 8 Its poor wounds were all full of fly-blows. fig. a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) I. 425 He is..produced out of. .the Flyblows of the Rabble. attrib. 1606 [see Fly-blown i. fig. 1602]. 1856 Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh ix. 378 No fly-blow gossip ever specked my life. . 2 . = By-blow 3. 1875 Ouida Signa I. viii. 140. Fly-blow, v. [f. Fly sJP + Blow vP ; after next.] 1 . trans. Of the fly: To deposit eggs in (meat, etc.); hence, to corrupt secretly, taint. Chiefly Jig. 1603 B. Jonson Sejanus v. x, Is not he blest That.. Can claw his subtle elbow, or with a buzze FJy-blow his eares. 1610 Rowlands Martin Mark-all 13 If it were not for us, much good meate would be in danger of Fly-blowing. 1678 B. R. Let. Pop. Friends 7 If vve cannot wound the Government mortally, lets Fly-blow it with Scandals and Suspicions. 1795 Southey Joan of Arc x. 77 Court vermin that, .fly-blow the king’s ear, and make him waste.. his people’s wealth. 1813 T. Moore Let. in Mem. (1853) I. 349 A whole swarm of imitators .. will completely fly-blow all the novelty of my subject. 2 . intr. (or absol.) Of flies : To deposit their eggs. 1735 Pope Ep. I.ady 28 So morning Insects. .Shine, buzz, and fly-blow in the setting-sun. Fly-blown (floi-blJun), ppl. a. [f. Fly sbP + Blown ppl. a.] 1 . Full of fly-blows; tainted, putrid, impure. X S73 G. Harvey Lctter-bk. (Camden) 138 Flyblowen fleshe comm not in my messe. 1612 Webster White Devil v. iii, A dead fty-blown dog. 1692 Bentley Boyle Led. iv. 137 The Manna was fly-blown. 1781 Couter Convers. 676 Fly-blown flesh, whereon the maggot feeds. fig. a 1529 Skelton Replyc. Wks. 1862 II. 234 Agaynst whiche. .flyblowen opynions. .1 purpose for to reply. 1602 2 ndPt.Rcturnfr. Pemass. iii. iv. 1412Hisfliblowne[ed. 1606 (Arb. p. 46) fliblow] sonnettes. 1692 E. Walker Epictetus' Mor. (1737) xxxi, By each Fly-blown Fool cares’d. i860 Thackeray Lovcl i, Wherever fly-blown reputations were assembled. 2 . slang, a. Intoxicated, drunk, b. Australian. ‘ Cleaned-out without a penny. 1877 Judy 18 May 236 (Farmer) The officer.. hinted that he was slightly ‘ flyblown ’. 1889 Star 3 Jan. (Farmer), Our diggers, .get on the spree and come back fly-blown. Fly-boat (floi beut). Forms: 6 flie-bote, flee- boate, flibote, 7 fly(e)boat(e, 7- fly-boat. [app. ad. Du. •vlieboot, originally denoting one of the small boats used on the Vlie or channel leading out of the Zuydcr Zee, afterwards applied in ridicule to the small vessels used against the Spaniards by the Gueux de mer (1572); the word has passed into several European langs.: F .Jlibot, Sp. Jlibote, Ger. Jiieboot. But in Eng. it was very early asso¬ ciated with Ely vP, and this is prob. the source of sense 4. Sense 3, belonging esp. to Shetland, may be a distinct word, representing ON. Jley; cf. ONorthumb.yfi^fi?, perh. adopted from ON.] f 1 . A fast-sailing vessel used chiefly in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries: a. for rapid transport of goods, etc., esp. in the coasting trade ; Obs. exc. spec, a Dutch flat-bottomed boat; = Flight 12 a. 1577 Dee Relat. Spir. 1. (1659) 33 Our Fisher-boat his sayl-yard and sayl was entangled on the Maynyard of the Fly-boat. 1588 Wills Inv. N. C. (Surtees i860) II. 1S2 Paid to the fliebote, for freight of exxx last of rye. 1698 Froger Voy. 140 A small Fly-boat of forty Tunu .. laden with Tobacco, Bacon, and Meal for Barbadoes. 1733 P. Lindsay Interest Scot. 133 Our merchants might build..large Hag- boats and Fly-boats from 3 to 600 Tons, for the bulky trade. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1776) Fly-boat , or Flight, a large flat-bottom’d Dutch vessel, whose burthen is generally from four to six hundred tons. fig. 1602 Marston Ant. y Mel. 1. v, Here’s such a com- panie of flibotes, hulling about this galleasse of greatnesse, that there’s no boarding him. 1664 [. Wilson Cheats iv. iv. Dram. Wks. (1874) 79 She’s [landlady] a pretty fly-hoat; two men won’t sink her ! -| b. for warlike purposes, voyages of discovery, etc.; a kind of frigate. Obs. exc. Hist. 1590 Nashe Pasquil's Apol. n He was built but for a Flie-boate, to take and leaue, when the skyrmish is too bote for him to tarrie. 1673 Loud. Gaz. No. 758/4 This Caper is a Flyboat of two tire of Guns, carrying in all, as we suppose, 32. 1752 Carte Hist. Eng. III. 539 The Flushingers ..put a number of Fly-boats to sea and seized all ships coming from Spain. 1868 St. John Life Raleigh I. 257. f 2 . A small boat, esp. a ship’s boat. Obs. 1598 Florio, Fusta, a pinace or Fliebote. 1688 Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) I. 473 Some of our ships, since the passing by the Dutch fleet, have pickt up a small fly boat or two belonging to them. 1820 Scott Monast. xxix, While the humble fly-hoat carries to shore those friends. t 3 . A fishing boat used in Shetland, a buss. Obs. 1614 T. Gentleman Eng. Way to Wealth in Ilarl. Misc. (Malh.) III. 239 Fly-boats, .ride at anchor all the season at Shetland. 1622 Malynes Anc. Law-Merch. 24 Another fleete of Fisher-men (called Flyboats). 1794 Rigging <$• Sea¬ manship I. 242 plate. Herring Buss or F'ly Boat. 4 . a. A swift passage boat used on canals, b. See quot. 1S93. 1841 S. C. Hall Ireland (1843) HI* 275 Voyaging part of the way in one of the 4 Fly-boats ’. 1841-56 S. C. Brees Gloss. Civ. Engin. s. v. Canal, Slow boats 2 $ miles per hour .. Fly boats 4 miles. 1893 Labour Commission Gloss, s. v. Boats , F'ly-Boats. .barges of unusual length and of a narrow construction, drawing a very small amount of water. 5 . Comb., as Jly-boat-biiilt adj. 1688 Clayton Virginia i. in Phil. Trans. XVII. 782 We Sail’d in the Ship Judith, .’twas Fly-boat built, about 200 or 250 Tuns. Fly-boy. [f. Fly sbP and 2 + Boy.] 1 . Printing— Ely sb . 1 6 b. 1841 [see Flys/'. 1 6b[. 1871 Anter. Encyel. Print., Fly- Boy, a hoy who takes off the sheet from the tympan as the pressman turns it up. 2 . A boy who sells fly-papers. 1851 Mayhew Loud. Labour (1861) III. 28 I’m the only reg’lar fly-boy. Fly-by-night, [f. the vbl. phrase.] 1 . One who flies by night; one addicted to noc¬ turnal excursions. Also slang , One who defrauds his landlord or creditors by decamping in the night. 1796 Grose Did. Vulg. Tongue (ed. 3) s.v. You old fly-by-night; an ancient term of reproach to an old woman, signifying that she was a witch. 1822 T. L. Peacock Maid Marian iii. 191 Would you have her married to a wild fly-by-night that accident made an earl and nature a deer-stealer? 1823 ‘Jon Bee* Slang, F'ly-by-night, run¬ aways who leave empty houses. 1894 Daily News 23 Oct. 4/7 The majority of the race [of moths] are fly-by-nights. attrib. 1810 W. Combe Devil upon Two Sticks (1817) VI. 73 ‘The Fly by Night Club’, whose symbol is an owl. 2 . = FLYj£. 2 3b. b. Naut. (See quot.) 1818 Sporting Mag. II. 6 A species of carriage, which in Gloucestershire, goes by the name of ‘ Fly-hy-Night ’. 1867 Smytii Sailors Word-bk., Fly-by-night, a sort of square-sail, like a studding-sail, used in sloops when running before the wind. FLY-CATCHER. 373 FLYING. Fly-catcher, [f. Fly sb . 1 + Catcher.] 1 . a. One who catches flies, b. A contrivance for catching flies. a. 1600 Cornwallyes JSss. xix, To be of Domitians sect, a Fly catcher. 1692 R. I/Estrange Fables cclviii. 225 The Swallow was a Fly-Catcher as well as the Spider. 1887 Fall Mall G. 5 Nov. 2/2 ‘ The fly-catcher’, as he [Darwin] was known to the crew, was a prime favourite. fig. 1708 Motteux Rabelais v. xv. (1737) 61 Ye scurvy Fly-catcners you ! [/.cer waes eallgylden fleohnet. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 896 Ely-net 1. .. a net of meshes or a fringe of leather strips, to protect a horse from flies. 2. A net in an open window to prevent entrance of flies. 12 . = butterfly-net. Obs. 1737 F* Collinson in Darlington Mem. (1849) 9 ° Pray take one or two, with the fly-nets, in a bag by thy side. Flyre, dial, form of Fleer. Flysch (flij). Geol. [Swiss dial.] A series of tertiary strata occurring in the Alps, consisting of slates, marls, and fucoidal sandstones. [1827 B. Studer in Leonhard's Ztschr. f. Mineral. I. 39 (translated) The prevailing slaty alterations are in the country called Flysch, a name which we may suitably extend to the entire formation.] 1853 Lykll Princ. Geol. (ed. 9) 124 The nummulitic limestone, together with the overlying fucoidal grit and shale, called 4 Flysch ’, in the Alps, belongs to the..Eocene group. 1875 Croll Climate and Time xvii. 280. Fly-sheet, [fi Fly v/]= flying-sheet : see Flying ppl. a. 5 a. 1875 Southward Diet. Typogr., Fly-sheet, a description of handbill or two or four-page tract. 1889 Worcester Suppl., Ely-sheet, an advance sheet announcing a newspaper; a prospectus. Fly-slow, a. rare~ A . That flies slowly. 1632 Shahs. Rich. II, 1. iii. 150 (2nd folio), The flye-slovv homes. [A plausible but doubtful conjecture; the other folios and the quartos read site (or slyc) slow.] Flyte: see Flite. Fly-tlie-ga'rter. [f. the vbl. phrase to fly the garter.] A game in which the players leap from one side of a ‘garter’ or line of stones over the back of one of their number. 1818 Keats Lett. Wks. (1889) III. 153, I must .. make Wordsworth and Coleman play at leap-frog, or keep one of them down a whole half-holiday at fly-the-garler. 1862 Miss Braddon Ralph Bailiff, Happy Xmas 161 Prisoner’s base and fly-the-garter in the great bare playground. Fly-trap. [f. Fly sb. t + Trap.] 1 . A trap to catch flies. 1855 in Ogilvie Suppl. 1859 Lang Wand. India 382 A fly-trap which he had that morning invented. 2 . A fly-catching plant, esp. Apocynum androsx- mifolium. Venus’s fly-trap = Dionxa muscipula. 1774 Goldsm. Hist. Earth VIII. v. viii. 162 The flower, which goes by the name of the fly-trap. 1776 Lee Bot. 276 Dionxa, Venus's flytrap. 1841 in Maunder Sci. Lit. Treasury. 3 . slang. The mouth. C1795 M. G. Lewis in Spirit Pub. jfrnls. (15198) I. 323 The bride shuts her fly trap; the stranger complies. Fly-up-tke-creek. U.S. [f. vbl. phrase.] 1 . A popular name of the small green heron, Butorides vircscens. Hence used as a nickname for an inhabitant of Florida. , 1857 Buchmann in Henig's Arehiv. XXI. 166 Fly-up-the- creek 1) Ein in Florida haufiger Sumpfvogel. 2) Spitz- name der Einwohner von Florida. 1869 Turnbull Birds E. Pennsylv. 37 Green Heron..Fly-up-the-Creek. 2 . A giddy, capricious person (colloi/._ (Cent. Diet.). Fly-wheel, [f. Fly sb . 2 + Wheel.] Awheel with a heavy rim, attached to a revolving shaft, in order either to regulate the motion of the machinery, or to accumulate power. (Cf. Fly sb . 2 5 c.) [1782 Watt Patent m Muirhead Mech. Invent. tVatt III. 71 The heavy fly xx is put in motion by means of a pinion or smaller wheel y fixed upon its axis.] 1784 Ibid. 105 The rod E.. turns the flywheel MM. 1809 Edin. Rev.. Jan. 321 This engine had no fly-wheel, and went sluggishly and irregularly. 186a Smiles Engineers III. 89 The engine FNAST. 375 FOAM. was provided with, a flywheel working at one side to carry the crank over the dead points. fig. 1876 T. Hardy Hand Ethclb. (1890) 106 A steadying power, .a flywheel, in short, to the concern. t Fnast, sb. Obs. [OE .fnxst str. masc., f. root of ON. fitasa , fnasa to snort, breathe hard.] Breath. c 1000 Sax. Leechd. 111 , ioo Hyt bring[ 5 j ford }>ane finest. a 1*50 (hvl n Night. h Wei ne? hire fnast at-schet. f Fnast, v. Ohs. rare. [OE. *fnxslian, f. prec.; cf. OllG./iti'is/on]. intr. To breathe hard, pant; also qrmd-trans. to breathe out (fire 1 ). c 1000 Sax. Leechd&ms IF. 242 FnaestiaS s\vi 5 e. c 1300 Havelok 548 He [ne] mouthe speke, ne fnaste, Hwere he wolde him here or lede. c 1340 Gaw. X Gr. Knt. 1702 His fila-jcs fallen hym to, (>at fnasted ful [’ike. c 1400 Destr. Troy 878 pe orible oxin. .pat fyre out fnast. Hence Fna - sting vhl. sh., breathing, snorting. 1382 Wyclif Jer. viii. 16 Fro Dan is herd the fnesting of his hors, c 1400 Destr. Troy 171 These balfull bestes were . .ffull fiaumond of fyre with fnastyng of logh. + Fnese, v. Ohs. [OE. *fniosan (whence fnlo~ sung ‘ sternutatio 1 (Wr.-Wiilck. 162), fnora ‘ster- nutatio’ ( Corp. Gloss.), ge-fnisan to sneeze (see below), cognate with Ttw.fniezen, ON .fnysa (Da. fnysc, Sw. fnysa to snort). The wk.-grade of the root */neus-(l cogn. with Gr. irve-eiv, root *pneu- to breathe) is represented in OE .fnora sneezing (Corp. Gloss.). Closely parallel in sound and sense, though belonging to a different ablaut series, are ON. fnasa (see Fnast sb.) and fndsa (:— *fnds-jd) to snort.] intr. To sneeze; also, to puff, snort. Hence Fne'sing vhl. sb. c 1000 /!'.li kic Gloss, in Wr.-Wiilcker 162 Sternutatio .. snytingc, net fneosung. c 1386 Chaucer Manciple's Prol. 62 He speketh in his nose And fneseth faste. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vii. xi. (1495) 230 Constantyne sayth that fnesynge is a vyolent meuynge of y» brayne to putte out superfluytees of fumositees therof. c 1400 Beryn 42 And pere-with she gan to fnese. Fo, obs. form of Few a., Foe, Fon bit. Foa, foan, obs. forms of Foe sing, and pi. Foad, var. of Fode v. Obs., to beguile. Foal (fd“l), sb. Forms: 1-2 fola, 3-7 foie, (4 fol, fowle), 4-6 foil(e, foole, (5 fool, folle, foyl(l)e, 6 foule,) 5-7 foale, (7 phoale,) 6- foal. [Com. Tent., OE .fola wk. masc. = OFris. folia (for *fola ) (MDu. volen, veiclen, Du. veulen), OHG. folo (MHG. vol, vole, Ger.fohlen neut.), ON. foie (Da. foie, Sw. file), Goth, fula OTeut. *folon-, cognate with Gr. iruXos, L. fullus. ] 1 . The young of the equine genus of quadrupeds; properly, one of the male sex, a colt; but also used where the sex is not specified, a colt or filly. ^950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark xi. 4 And foerdon onfundon fola jebunden. 971 Blickl. Horn. 69 J?onne gemete £yt |>cer eoselan ^esaelede & hire folan. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 89 Hie funden an asse mid foie. 1382 Wyclif Zech. ix. 9 A foie, sone of the she asse. 1484 Caxton Fables of AEsop v. x, He sawe a mare and her yong foole with her. 1535 Act 'Z’j Hen. Fill, c. 6. § 2 Two mares .. apte and able to beare fobs. 1697 Dryden AEneid iv. 746 The Priestess .. cuts the Forehead of a new-born Foie. 1794 Coleridge To Y ng. Ass 1 Poor little foal of an oppressed race ! 1859 Dar¬ win Orig. Spec. v. (1873) 128 The spinal stripe is much com¬ moner in the foal than in the full-grown animal. Proverb. 1546 J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 27 How can the foie amble, if the hors and mare trot ? b. Phrases, hi foal , with foal , (of a mare): pregnant. + Tattered as a {fettered or tattered') foal, of a person : ragged ; also, rough, shaggy. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 1537 Som gas tatird als tatird foies. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xi. 335 Bothe horse and houndes and alle other bestes Medled nou3te wyth here makes |?at with foie were, a 1400 [see Bagged], c 1460 Tenvneley Myst. (Surtees) 4 Now ar we. .tatyrd as a foylle. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 68 They [mares] maye not be rydden ..whan they be with foole. 1727 Swift Modest Proposal Wks. 1755 II. n. 66 Their mears in foal. 1835 W. Irving Tour Prairies 226 A fine black mare far gone with foal. c. Applied to the young of the elephant or camel. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvm. xlii. (1495) 803 Ely- phauntes goo wyth foole two yeres. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts (1658) 163 An Indian, who had brought up from a foal a white Elephant. + 2 . A horse. Obs. a 1300 K. Horn 589 Horne }ede to stable : par he tok his gode foie. £1340 Gaw. <$• Gr. Knt. 173 pe foie pat he ferkkes on. a 1400-50 Alexander 5588 Fare wele, my faire foole [?ou failid me neuire. 1513 Douglas AEneis x. xiv. 89 O .moist forcy steyd, my lovyt foill. o. Coal-mining. (See quots.) 1770-4 A. Hunter Georg . Ess. (1804) II. 158 What are termed lads or foals ; supplying the inferior place at a machine called a tram. 1835 S. Oliver Ramb. Northumb. i. 41 Where a youth is too weak to put the tram by him¬ self, he engages a junior assistant, who is called the foal. 4 . atlrih. and Comb., as foal fair, (objective) -getter ; also foal-bit (see quots.); foal-teeth, the first teeth of a horse. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), *Fole-bit and Foie foot, two sorts of Herbs. 1755 Johnson, Eoalbit, Foalfoot , plants. 1880 Daily News 18 Sept. 6/6 A public dinner held after the Holbeach *foal fair. 1809 Spirit Publ. Jmls. (1810) XIII. 61 He is a sure * foal-getter. 1696 Sir W. Hope tr. Sol leysel's Compl. Hor son. v. 19 A little before a Horse hath attained to the Age of thirty Months, .he hath twelve * Foal-teeth in the fore part of his mouth. 1855 Farmer's Dici. (Wilson) I. 21 The foal’s nippers .. technically called • .foal teeth—are easily distinguished. Foal (fat grunde his tuskes ant feng on to femin. a 1350 Life Jesus 223 Bete and bite it wolde..And grenny with is teth and feme. 1430 Lydg. FOAMING. 376 FOCAL. Citron. Troy n. xii, Mine hors..Fomyng full whyte vpon euery syde. <71440 Jacob's Well 99 pe man .. fomyd out at his mowth. a 1529 Skelton Elynour Kummyng 341 Her mouth fomyd. 1601 Shaks. Jul. C. 1. ii. 255 He [Caesar] .. foam'd at mouth, and was speechlesse. 1735 Somerville Chase 111. 113 He snorts, he foams. 1807 8 W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 349, I expected every moment to see them fall down in convulsions [and] foam at the mouth. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Toni's C. xl, Legree, foaming with rage, smote his victim to the ground. Jig. 1817 D’Israeli Cur. Lit . III. 303 A tedious invec¬ tive, foaming at the mouth of its text with quotations and authorities. 1870 Swinburne Ess. <$■ Stud. (1875) 248 He [Byron]. .foams at things and creatures not worth a glance, b. Const, ’f of, F on, with (blood). c 1400 Desir . Troy 7261 The fas in the fell hast femyt on blode. c 1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 959 Hys mouthe famed of Mode. 1573 Baret Alv. F 821 He fometh with bloud at the mouth. + 2 . To come forth in foam. Ohs. r 1340 Gaiu. <$• Gr. Knt. 1572 \>e Trope femed at his mouth vnfayre. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vii. xxx. (1495) 244 The blood fomith wyth cough and traueyle and ache. 3 . Of water or other liquid: To froth, gather foam. Also, to run foaming along, down , over, etc. Also fig. To foam off, foam itself away : to pass away in foam. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xiit. xxv. (1495) 456 For lightnesse of ayre that is closid water fomyth. c 1440 Promp . Para. 169/2 Fomyn, spume . 1535 Coverdale Isa. lvii. 20 The raginge see. .whose water fometh with y a myre. 1576 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 386 In wynter the water fomyth over. 1606 Shaks. Ant. <$• Cl. 11. vi. 21 My Nauie. At whose burthen, The anger'd Ocean fomes. 1728 Young Odes to King Wks. (1757) I. 173 The torrent roar’d, and foam'd along. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 76 A mountain stream was now foaming down it. 1826 Scott IVoodst. x, Enthusiasm is a stream that may foam off in its own time. 1852 Tennyson Death Dk. Wellington 126 Their surging charges foam’d themselves away. b. Of a steam-boiler: To become filled with foam (Webster 1S64). 4 . a. inti\ Of a drinking vessel: To be filled with foaming liquor, b. trans. To fill or brim with foaming liquor. 1725 Pope Odyss. xv. 341 Few can with me. .contend. .To .. foam the goblet with a purple stream. 1822 Shelley Hellas 939 The cup is foaming with a nation’s blood. 1855 M. Arnold Mycerinus 97 Flush’d guests, and golden gob¬ lets foam’d with wine. 5 . trans . To send forth or emit in or like foam; to pour out with rage and violence. Chiefly fig. 1388 Wyclif Jude 13 These ben.. wawis of the woode see, fomynge [1382 frothinge] out her confusiouns. a 1535 More Wks. (1557) 579/1 Tindall, .fometh oute hys hyghe spirituall sentence in thys fashion. 1601 Weever Mirr. Mart. E viij b, Two fyrie coursers foming clottred blood. 1784 Cowper Task vi. 898 They roam the earth, .foaming out their own disgrace. 1864 Tennyson Aylmer's E. 342 Leolin . .foam’d away his heart at Averill’s ear. f 6. To cover with or as with foam. Ohs. rare, c 1400 Destr. Troy 10219 With paire fawchons fell, femyt of blode. 1556 J. Hey wood Spider <$• F. lx. 5 The head spider (with wheat tuskes fomde like a bore'. 7 . nonce-use. To draw (a chariot) along with the accompaniment of foam. 1820 Keats llypci'ion 11. 234 Have ye beheld the young God of the Seas ?.. Have ye beheld his chariot, foam’d along By noble winged creatures he hath made? Hence Foa med///, a., covered with foam : only in far-foamed. Poa mer, one who foams. 1607 Topsell Four-/. Beasts (1658) 577 [Epithets applied to wolves]., bloud-sucker, foamer. 1820 Keats Hyperion 11. 172 The far-foamed sands. Foaming (fff«*miq), vbl. sh. [f. prec. +-ing 1 .] The action of the vb. Foam. 1382 Wyclif Num. xi. 20 To the tyme that it [flesh] .. be turnyd into fomynge. 1573 Baret Alv. F 821 A foming, spumatus. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 141 p 11 He will fall into Ravings and Foamings, ill-becoming the Meekness of his Office. 1772 Priestley Inst. Relig. (1782) I. 367 The heathen diviners had. .foamings at the mouth. Foaming (fiJ'i'miq),///. a. [f. as prec.,+ -ing 2.] That foams. ? <71400 Morte Arth. 780 A Make bustous bere .. wyth fomaunde lyppez. a 1400-50 Alexander 1 133 With pat [>e feinand flode flasshed in hys eghen. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. i. 1 His angry steede did chide his foming bitt. 1604 Shaks. Oth. 11. i. 11 Do but stand vpon the Foaming Shore. 1667 Milton P. L. x. 301 Over the foaming deep. 1717 Berke¬ ley Tour Italy Wks. 1871 IV. 580 Like the foaming priestesses .. among the ancients. 1725 Pope Odyss. in. 506 To Pallas high the foaming howl he crown’d. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. cxxxi. 92 The foaming grape of eastern France. 1868 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) II. viii. 253 William was still urging on his foaming horse. Hence Foamingly adv. 1611 Cotgr., Baveusement , foamingly. 1801 Southey 'Thalaba hi. xix, The winter torrent rolls Down the deep- channell’d rain-course, foamingly. 1885 S. Tromholt A nr. Bor. II. 223 The river rushing foamingly downwards. Foamless (fiJu-mles), a. [f. Foam sb. + -less.] Without foam ; free from foam. 1821 Shelley Epipsych. 412 The halcyons brood around the foamless isles, a 1881 Rossetti House Life xii. The blue line of a foamless sea. Foamy (foil-mi), a. Forms: i fdmis, faemi3, 4-7 fomy, -ie, 6 foomy, Sc. famy, 7- foamy. [OE . fdmig, fietnig, f. /am, Foam.] 1 . Covered with foam, full of foam, frothy. a 1000 Riddles iv. 19 (Gr.) Fami^ winneS wae& wi <5 wealle. c 1385 Chaucer L. G. IF. 1208 Dido, The fomy brydil with the hit of gold Governyth he. 1513 Douglas /Eneis xii. vi. 151 The fomy mowthis of the haisty stedis. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 589 The slipp’ry God. .With foamy Tusks will seem a bristly Boar. 1748 Warton Enthusiast 30 Whence a foamy stream, Like Anio, tumbling roars. 1816 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. XLI. 331 They drain the foamy mug. 1821 Mom in Blackw. Mag. X. 642 The wild waves curl their bleak and foamy heads. 2 . Consisting of, or of the nature of, foam; of, pertaining to, or resembling foam. 1398 Trevisa Barth. Dc R. iv. vi. (1495) 89 By medlynge of colera blood semyth redde .. by flewme it semyth watry and fomy. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 397 The foamie moisture that shebsnails yeeld. 1784 Cowper Task vi. 155 The foamy surf That the wind severs from the broken wave. 1878 Gildf.r Poet 3* Master 14 The foamy whitening Of the water below the mill. 1881 Mallock Rom. 19th Cent. II. 196 A cloud of foamy lilac-blossom. Hence Foaminess. 1887 Fenn Devon Boys xviii. 184 The waves lost their fierce foaminess. Foangen, Foard, obs. ff. Fang v. and Ford. Fob (fpb), shy Of obscure origin. [Cf. Fob v d Can it be a corruption of OF. forbe (mod. fourbe) masc. rogue, fern, cunning trick ? But this suggestion does not explain the apparent connexion of fob sb. and v. with fop sb. and v., and Ger .foppen.] f 1 . A cheat, impostor. Ohs. rare~ l . The association with faitour seems to require this active sense rather than the passive one of‘dupe, fool'(= 15th c. sense of fop). Cf. Ger. slan gfopper, in 16th c. a malingerer esp. one who counterfeits madness (see Kluge Etym. Wb. ed. 5), which is much the sense of faitour. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. hi. 193 Make[> of Iyer a lang cart to lede alle |>ese opere, As fobbes and faitours. 2 . A trick, an artifice. Now only slang, To come the fob on (U.S.): to impose upon, cheat, trick. 1622 Mabbe tr. A lemans Guzman d'A If 11. 243 Many men would deale more honestly..if these fobs and giggs were not put into their heads by others. 1654 tr. Scudery s Curia Pol. 49 Such fobbs and cheats are more tollerable .. in persons of mean fortunes, a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Fob , a cheat, trick. 1852 Judson Myst. N. York 1. vii. 62 ‘ He come ze fob on some of ze nobilitie. 3 . Comb .: f fob-action, a sham action (at law). 1673 F. Kir km an Unlucky Cit. 203 They should then arrest you in a Fobb-action at his Suit. 1697 Luttrell Brief. Rel. (1857) IV. 257 Endeavouring to steal a young lady .. by the help of bailifs, who arrested her .. in a fob action. 1730-6 Bailey (folio) s. v., A Fob (or sham) action. Fob (fpb), sb .2 Also 7, 9 Sc. fab, 8 fobb. [of unknown origin; cf. IiG. dial .fuppe pocket,/)///^;/, einfuppen to pocket stealthily; a Ger. word fupsack is cited by Skinner. If the word meant originally a secret pocket, it may be connected with Fob?'.>] 1 . A small pocket formerly made in the waistband of the breeches and used for carrying a watch, money, or other valuables. 1653 Brome Crt. Beggar 11. i.Wks. 1873 I. i. 212 My Fob has been fubd to day of six pieces. 1667 St. Papers , Dorn. CXCI. No. 63. 11, The right side pockett..and the small pockett or fobb. 1711 Addison Spectator No. 77 f 1, I saw him. .squirt away his watch, .into the Thames, and put up the Pebble, he had before found, in his Fob. 1751 Smollett Per. Pic. (1779) in. lxxxiii. 294 The. .young gentleman, with an hand in each fob, stood whistling an opera-tune. 1819 Moore Tom Crib's Mem. 6 Whether diddling your sub¬ jects, and gutting their fobs. 1838 Dickens Nic/i. Nick . iii, Mr. Nickleby replaced his watch in his fob. b. nonce-use. The contents of the fob, 'cash’. ? c 1680 Royal Resolutions in Marvells Wks. (Grosart) I. 431 When plate was at pawn, and fob at an ebb. 2 . U.S .—fob-chain. 1889 M' Hatton-Ripley Front Flag to Flag xxiv. 211 The tempting fob that hung from his pocket. 1893 Farmer Slang , Fob. .a watch chain or ribbon, with buckle and seals, worn hanging from the fob. 3 . A trimming resembling a fob-chain. 1894 Daily News 22 June 6/6 Skirt trimmed on the hips with fobs of bright rose-pink velvet, two on either side. 4 . attrib., as fob-pocket, -watch ; fob-chain, the chain attached to a watch carried in the fob. 1885 H. C. McCook Tenants Old Farm 121 Beneath it (his waistcoat] a goodly *fobchain protrudes. 1837 Dickens Fickw. xxviii, With, .a gold watch in his *fob pocket. 1884 Dowell Tax. in Eng. Ill. in. iii. § 11 (1888) 273 A *fob watch is in existence that belonged to Oliver Cromwell. Fob (fpb), sb.z dial. a. Froth, foam; b. (See quot. 1890.) 1838 in Holloway Provinc. 1886 in Elwortiiy W. Somerset Word-bk. 1890 Gloitcestersh . Gloss., Fob, a little hunch or tuft, as of wool, etc. Hence Fob v., to froth or foam. 1838 Holloway Provinc., Fob, to froth as beer does when poured out quickly. £. Sussex. 1883 Hampsh. Gloss., Fob, to froth as beer. Fob (fpb), v . 1 Also 6-7 fub, 6-7 fobb(e. See also Fop v. [First recorded late in 16th c.; cogn. with or f. Fob sb . 1 1. Cf. Ger . foppen to deceive, befool.] 1 . trans. To cheat, deceive, delude, trick, impose upon, ‘ take in also with up, 1583 Greene Mamillia Wks. (Grosart) II. 102, 1 will not.. fobbe you with fayre wordes, and foule deedes. 1593 Tell- Troth's N. V. Gift 25 He .. would fobbe him vppe with a thousand vntruthes. 1647 Cartwright Ordinary iv. iv, I won’t be fubb’d, ensure your self. 1731 Fielding Grub St. Op. 1. v, While everyone else he is fobbing, He still may be honest to me. 1861 Standard 4 Nov., They think themselves fobbed by our dextrous policy. 2 . To bring or put into , or bestow upon, by job¬ bery or trickery ; to palm or pass off 'Upon. Also, to get up, procure, or promote by trickery; also with tip. To fob in : to introduce in an underhand way. ? Obs, 1653 A. Wilson Jas. I. 68 Another young Gentlewoman, that had lesse offended, was fobbed into the place. 1 bid, 241 These things were fohb’d in by several Popes, .to serve their own turns. 1678 R. L’Estrange Seneca's Mor. (1702) 522 Here’s .. the same Thing Fobb’d upon the World over again. 1704 J. Logan in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. IX. 311 Which place was .. fobbed upon him. 1715 M. Davies A then. Brit. I. 280 That Legendary Triumvirate found ways..to fob into Tinmouth’s Gold-finding Legendary their own production of Winefred’s Life. 1741 Richardson Pamela (1824) I. xxxiii. 330 Don’t fob upon us your girl with the Pagan name for Lady Jenny. 1792 Wolcott (P. Pindar) Ep. to Ld. Macartney Wks. 1812 III. 126 No Janus he, with selfish views to fob. 1805 Morning Chron. 31 Aug. in Spirit Pub. Jrtils. (1806) IX. 208 So now it was time. .To fob up an excuse for my sudden retreat. 1825 Westm. Rc7‘. IV. 401 We find him with much point, pleasantry, and earnestness, fobbing an ale licence. 3. Fob off. a. To put off deceitfully; to attempt to satisfy with an excuse or pretence; to baffle, cajole; to put off (a person) with (something of inferior quality or something less than he has been led to expect). 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, 11. i. 37 ,1 haue. .bin fuh’d off, and fub’d-off, from this day to that day. 1602 Rowlands Greene's Ghost 8 Fubbing them off with these slender wasted hlacke pots. 1650 Cowley Guardian v. vii, I must not he fob’d off thus about my daughter. 1767 B. Thornton tr. Plautus I. 318 The butchers. .Will, .fob you off With ram for weather mutton. 1842 Barham Ingot. Leg. Ser. 11. Row in Omnibus, To exact such a sum Forestalls and pit, And then fob us off with a Fal-de-ral-tit. 1892 Daily News 21 Jan. 5/5 Able-bodied paupers have been fobbed off with ..broth ‘no better than hot water’. fb. To put or shift off (a thing) by deceit or pretence; to get rid of, or set aside by a trick. 1607 Shaks. Cor. 1. i. 97 You must not thinke To fobbe off our disgrace with a tale. 1641 Milton Reform. 1. (1851) 16 It was not of old that a Conspiracie of Bishops could frustrate and fob off the right of the people. C. To palm off upon (a person); cf. 2. 1894 Times 25 July 10/1 If a. .novel cannot be fobbed off upon the. .people of London. .it is rusticated. Hence Fobbing vbl, sb. a 1619 Beaum. & Fl. Wit atSev. Weapons iv. i, Now you talk of fobbing, I wonder the Lady sends not for me according to promise? Fob (fpb), vl 1 [f. Fob sbf] trans. To put into one’s fob, to pocket; also with up. 1818 Moore Fudge Earn. Paris vi. 160 The rogue but counts how many guineas He’s fobbed. 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 35 The sailor .. styles them ‘gentlemen’, And fobs his money up. 1840 Hood Up Rhine 4 When the qualm is over [he] quietly fobs the Timepiece. 1842 S. Lover Handy Andy iv, The gentlemen in black silk stockings., have been fobbing fees for three weeks. Fobbery. no7ice-wd. [f. Fob shy 4- -ery.] Something of the nature of a pretence ; a sham. 1688 R. Holme Armoury iii. 177/1 These [rules] with a 100 more Fobberies and Foollaries are further set down. Fobby, a. Obs. exc. dial. ? = Foggy. a 1535 More Wks. 99 Glotony .. maketh .. the body fat & fobby. 1895 Rye E. Angl. Gloss., Fobby, soft, no sub¬ stance. t Fo’Cage. Obs. [ad. mod.L .focagium, f. L. focus, F .feu : see Feuage.] ^Feuage. 1706 in Phillips (ed. Kersey). 1721-82 in Bailey. Focal (ft^'kal), a. [ad. mod.L. focdlis, f. Focus: see -al. Cf. F. focal.] 1 . Of or pertaining to a focus; collected or situated at a focus. Focal point = Focus 2. 1713 Derham Phys. Theol. iv. iii. 126 note. Whether the Convexity or Concavity of the Drum collects those Rays into a focal Point, or scatters them. 1794 G. Adams Nat. <$• Exp. Philos. II. xv. 174 You may, by means of the focal rays from this glass, char or burn a piece of wood. 1808 J. Webster Nat. Phil. 185 The rays., will, .converge to the focal point. 1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) I. hi. viii. 357 Perfect vision implies a focal adjustment of the eyes. 1862 G. P. Scrope Volcanos 264 The residuum of . .lava, .in what may he called its focal reservoir. fig. 1755 Young Centaur v. Wks. 1757 IV. 239 Human thought, whose scattered rays must he collected, as it were, to a focal point, in order duly to warm our devotion. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 175 Titus, in order to he near the focal point of political intrigue and faction, had taken a house within the precinct of Whitehall. 2 . Math. Focal axis (in a conic) : the axis which passes through the real foci. Focal conic (i. e. ellipse or hyperbola) : in the modular method of generating quadrics, a locus of the modular foci. Focal curve: the locus of foci of a surface. Focal distance (a ) of the parabola : The distance between the focus and the vertex; (/) of the ellipse and hyperbola: The distance between the foci and the centre. Focal lines : in a quadric cone, the de¬ generate focal hyperbola. Focal property', any property of a geometrical locus involving the inter¬ sections of the locus with the absolute. + Focal tangent : a tangent from which the position of the foci of a central conic may be determined. Um¬ bilicalfocal conic , in the umbilical method of gener¬ ating quadrics, the locus of the focus. FOCALIZE. 377 FOCUS. 1706 W. Jones Syn. Palmar. Mathcscos 250 If clt meet the Focal Tangent in r. 1807 Hutton Course Math. II. 118 A F the focal distance. 1885 Leudesdorf Cremona *s P rop. Geom. 255 The point in which a directrix cuts the focal axis. 1886 P. Frost Solid Geom. (ed. 3) 147 The fixed point is called an umbilical focus.. and the locus of the focus the umbilical focal conic. 3 . Optics. Focal distance or length (of a lens or mirror): the distance between the centre and the focus. Focal flaite : the locus of the foci of different systems of parallel rays refracted through a lens. Focal point : the intersection of a focal plane with the axis of the lens. 1693 E. Halley in Phil. Trans. No. 205. 960 The focal distance sought. 1753 Phil. Trans. XLV 1 II. 170 An object- lens whose focal length is a little less. 1879 Harlan Eye¬ sight vi. 81 A double concave glass of twelve inches focal distance. 1895 R. S. Heath Geom. Optics (ed. 2)82 An incident system of parallel rays will then converge to a point on the common focal plane. Ibid. 83 It is clear that /''is the first focal point of the combined system. fig. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men , Swedenborg Whs. (Bohn) I. 315 A colossal soul, he lies vast abroad on his times., requires a long focal distance to be seen, i860 Patmore Faithf. for Ever 214 Love requires the focal space Of recollection or of hope, Ere it can measure its own scope. 4 . Path. Localized or centrally localized, as focal disease, haemorrhage, etc. 1890 in Gould Med. Diet. Hence Fo’cally adv . 9 at a focus. 1839 De Quincey War Wks. 1863 IV. 280 The force of European opinion, focally converged upon the subject. Focalize (fou'kabiz), v. [f. Focal a. + -ize.] 1 . trails. To bring (rays of light, heat, etc.) to a focal point (or focus); to focus. 1845 De Quincey Nat. Temp. Mon>em. Wks. 1863 XI. 170 Light is focalised in the eye, sound in the ear. c 1865 J. Wylde in Circ. Sc. I. 29/2 The rays of heat may be collected and focalised. fig. i860 T. Martin Horace Introd. 26 The mirror which focalizes for their old age the gathered wisdom of a lifetime. 1865 Land. Rev. 9 Dec. 609/1 At the various central offices, the information, .can be focalized. 2 . To adjust or arrange the focus of (the eye); also absol. and refl. (of the eye). 1878 tr. Ziemssens Cycl. Tract. Med. XVII. 668 The supposed amaurosis of many observers, .is the result of the loss of the power of focalizing. 1886 W. F. Warren in Homilet. Rev. (U.S.) Jan. 54 Gradually focalizing our eyes for remoter objects. Ibid., Your eye, even if rightly directed, is focalizing itself upon the wrong object. Hence ro'calizing' vbl. sb. and ppl. a. Also Pocaliza*tion, the action of focalizing. 1871 Morley Voltaire iii. (1872) 119 Voltaire does not use these focalising words and turns 01 composition. 1883 J. Millington Are we to read backwards ? 71 Spectacles.. restoring to the eye its former focalizing power. 1887 Set. Amer. 23 Apr. 261/2 Focalization in the eye was accom¬ plished by a most wonderful condition, that of flexibility in the crystalline lens. 1893 Chicago Advance 24 Aug., Such a focalization of all-around information on any one subject has rarely ever been witnessed. Focaloid (fihckaloid). Math. [f. as prec. + -oiD.] A shell, in general indefinitely thin, bounded by two confocal ellipsoidal surfaces. 1879 Thomson & Tait Nat. Phil. § 494 The attraction of a homogeneous solid ellipsoid is the same through all external space as the attraction of a homogeneous focaloid of equal mass coinciding with its surface. + Fo'cary. Ohs.—'- [ad. L. focari-us, f. focus : see Focus sb. and -ary.] One who tends the hearth or fire. ‘ic 1500 in Myrr. Our Lady (1873) Introd. xxi. note , In the order & degre of a lay brother or ffocary. Foe(c)he, obs. form of Fetch v. Focer, var. Forcer, Obs ., a chest or coffer. Fochesave, obs. form of Vouchsafe. Fochtyn, Sc. form of fought , p. p. of Fight v. + Fo'cile. Anat. Ohs. Forms: 5 fosile, 6 fau- cyllo, focyll, focil, 6-8 foeile. [ad. med.Lat. focile. Cf. Yx. focil, Yx. focile, Pg. and It .focilc. The med.Lat. word was a transferred use of foeile steel for striking fire (see Fusil). The Arabian anatomists applied the word zand, one of a pair of sticks for producing fire by friction (dual zanddn to these bones on account of their shape; the Lat. translators rendered this by foeile as being the word most nearly equivalent in literal sense.] One of the bones of the fore-arm or of the leg. Greater focilc, the ulna or tibia. Lesser (or over) focilc, the radius or fibula. <•1400 Lanfratio's Cimrg. 157 ]>e ]>ombe. .conteynejr his firste boon wi|> )>e extremite of fe ouer fosile. 1541 R. Cop¬ land Guydon’s Quest. Chirurg. 1 J ij b. The faucylles or forke bones. 1543 Trahf.ron Vigo's. Chirurg. (1586) 281 The great focile is that which susteineth the arme. 1638 A. Read Treat. Chirurg. ii. 13 [A] Taylor, .fractured both the focils of the legge, a little below the knee. 1721 Naish in Phil. Trans. XXXI. 228 The Ligament that ties the Fociles together. attrib. 1541 R. Copland Guydon’s Quest. Chirurg. Kivb, Of what shape are y e two focyl bones? 1548-77 Vicary Anat. vii. (1888) 49 Of the two Focel hones..the lesse goeth from the Elbowe to the Thombe. 1706 Phillips ( ed. Kersey), Focil-bonc. tFocillate, v. Obs .- 0 [f. L. focilldt- ppl. stem of focilld-re to revive or refresh, f. Focus : see Focus sb. and -ate.] (See quots.) 1676 in Coles. 1681 Blount Glossogr., Focillatc .. to nourish, comfort, or refresh. 1721-90 in Bailey. Vol. IV. Hence + Focillated ppl. a. Also + Pocilla tion. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Focillatcd. 1658 Phillips, Focilla - lion. 1721-90 Bailey, Focillation. Focimeter (fosi-m/te.t). Photogr. Also foco- meter. [f. Foc-us + -meter.] A 11 instrument for finding the chemical focus of a lens which has not been properly achromatized. 1853 R. Hunt Man. Photogr. 11. iv. 159 M. Claudet has also devised a very ingenious instrument for focusing, which he calls his Focimeter. 1891 S. P. Thompson in Proc. R. Soc. XLIX. 227 These principles are embodied in an instrument described in the paper, and called a focometer. Focillietry (fosrmetri). Also focometry. [f. as prec. + (Jr. -fierpla measurement.] Measure¬ ment of focal distance. 1881 G. R. Piggott in Nature No. 622. 515 If now an over-corrected lens were substituted, the diffraction rings . .and the nebulosity..exactly changed positions as regards focimetry. 1891 S. P. Thompson in Proc. R. Soc. XLIX. 225 The accepted methods of focometry. Focke, obs. Sc. form of Folk. Focoid (fsab’l), a. [f. prec. + -able.] That may be focused. 1889 H. Bland Fab. Ess. Socialism fed. Shaw) 21S Thus far the outlook has been clear and focusable enough. Focused (fJu*k#st), ppl. a. [f. Focus v. and Sb. + -ED.] 1 . In senses of the vb.; brought to or into a focus. 1864 Daily Tel. 12 Apr., Photographers alone has he shunned..and if ever he runs away from anything, it will be from a focussed lens. 1890 Woodbury Encycl. Photogr. 294 Make the focussed image fall on one of these lines. 2 . Having a focus (of a specified length); used only in comb., as short-focused. 1858 L. Price Man. Photogr. Manip. ii. 69‘Short-focused’ lenses are employed for children. Focuser (f^-k^sDi). [f. Focus v. + -er 1 .] A focusing-glass. 1890 Woodbury Encycl. Photogr. s. v. Focussing Glass. Foxusing vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ing L] 1 . The action of the vb. Focus (gerundially). 1851 Ruskin Mod. Paint. II. in. i. v. § 18 The right gradation or focusing of light and colour. 1881 Mivart Cat 295 The focussing of rays coming from points varying in remoteness. 1883 A. Barratt Phys. Aletempiric 217 Thought is the focussing of phenomena into a universe. 2 . attrib . and Comb., chiefly in names of appli¬ ances used by photographers, as focusing screen , tube ; focusing cloth (seequot. 1890); focusing- glass (see quot. 1S58). 1853 in Jrnl. Photogr. Soc. I. No. 3. 39/2 A ^focusing cloth. 1890 Woodbury Encycl. Photogr ., Focussing Cloth, a black cloth used for covering over the head and back portion of the camera to exclude all extraneous light. 1853 in Jrnl. Photogr. Soc. I. No. 3. 39/2 The ^Focusing glass. 1858 T. Sutton Diet. Photogr., Focussing Glass, .a magnifier used for the purpose of magnifying the image on the ground glass, and enabling the operator to get it into better focus. Ibid. 56 The real image formed by a convex lens is received on a *focussing scree.n. Focusless a. [f. Focus sb. + -less.] Without focus. 1879 G. Macdonald Sir Gibbie III. xv. 241 Something like a flash of cold moonlight on wintred water gleamed over, .his poor focusless eyes. Focyll, Fodar, obs. forms of Focile, Fotheii. Fodden, v. Obs. f? repr. OE. *fidnian } f. fodan- Food.] ? intr. To be produced. In 1400 Morte Arih. 3247 Alle froytez foddenid was hut floreschede in erthe. Fodder (fy'dar), sb. Forms: 1 fod(d)or, fod- (d)er, foddur, 2 fodre, 3 south, vodder, 4foddxe, 4-7 foder, 5 foddur, south, voddur, fo(o)dyr, 6 footer, 6-8 fother, 3- fodder. [OF., fodor str. ncut. = MDu. and Du. voeder, OHG. fuotar (MIIG. vuoter, Ger. flitter), ON. fotSr (Sw., Da. foder ) OTeut. *fd. The homophonous word in all Teut. langs., with the sense of * sheath, case,’ is distinct both in root and suffix, as it represents OAryan *pd-trdm.\ + 1 . Food in general. Obs. c 1000 Canons Kdgar § 15 in Thorpe Anc. Laws II. 283 Gif. . pam pe pses bepurfe. .fyr & foddor. c 1205 Lay. 27031 Heo weoren ifaren into pan londe, fodder to biwinnen. c 1374 Chaucer Booth, iv. metr. vii. 115 (Camb. MS.) He.. hath put an vnmeke lorde foddre to his crwel hors. 1634 J. Taylor (Water P.) Gt. Eater Kent 12 Let any come in the shape of fodder or eating-stuffe, it is welcome. 2 . Food for cattle. Now in a more restricted sense: Dried food, as hay, straw, etc., for stall- feeding. c 1000 /Elfric Gen. xlii. 27 pa undyde hira an his sacc & wolde syllan his assan foddur. cnoo Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 501 Sagina , fodre. a 1225 A tier. R. 416 peonne mot heo penchen of pe kues foddre. a 1300 Cursor M. 3317 (Cott.) Fodder and hai pou sal find bun. c 1386 Chaucer Reeve's Prol. 14 Gras-tyme is doon, my fodder is now forage. c 1440 Promp. Pan>. 168/2 Foddur, bestys mete, or forage. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 74 Som nationes make fother for Cattel of Dates. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, in. 331 The youthful Bull must, .in the Stall, .his Fodder find. 1765 T. Hutchinson Hist. Mass. I. 207 The hay.. serves for fodder for their cattle. 1816 J. Smith Panorama Sc.% Art II. 634 Bean-straw makes good fodder, when cut to chaff. 1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect II. 323 There was fodder running 1 to waste on the slopes of every’ mountain. transf. 1890 A. J. Wauters Stanley's Emin Pasha Exped. j ix. 167 For fodder all they [locomotives] want is wood. + 3 . Child, offspring. Obs. rare— l . Cf.F ood sb.6. 13.. K. Alis. 645 Kyng Phelip saide to the modur, ‘ Thou hast born a sori foder ! ’ 4 . attrib . and Comb., as fodder grass, house, passage, plant ; fodder-cheese (see quot. 1884); fodder-corn, a supply of fodder for the horses of a feudal lord, or an equivalent in money; also the right of exacting this. 1784 Twamley Dairying 25 As the quantity of .. *Fodder Cheese sent to London Markets clearly shews. 1884 Chesh. Gloss., Fodder cheese, cheese made .. when they [cows] are being foddered on hay. 1655 Dugdale Monast . Angl. 1. 297 a, Redditusqui dicuntur Hidagium & *Foddercorn. 1830 Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 304 The best *fodder-Grasses of Europe are usually dwarf species. 1807 P. Gass Jrnl. 209 This lodge is built much after the form of the Virginia ^fodder houses. 1882 Ogii.vie, * Fodder passage, the passage in a cattle-shed along which the food is carried for cattle. 1894 Daily Nevus 25 June 6/6 A new *fodder plant, known as the Siberian knot-grass. Fodder (fp’doi), v. Forms : 3 foper, 4 foddre, 5-6 foder, 7-8 fother, 6- fodder, [f. prec. sb.; cf. MDu. and Du. voederen , OHG. fuotiren (MHG. vuotern, viietern , Ger .fiittern), O N.fotira.] trans . To give fodder to (cattle); to feed with (some¬ thing) as fodder. + In early use gen. To feed. *11300 E. E. Psalter xxx[i]. 3 For pi name me lede and foper [printed froper: Vul g. enutries] pou sal. 1382 [see Foddered ppl. a.], c 1460 Towneley Myst . (Surtees) 89 Let us go foder our mompyns. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 70 Horses and shepe, maye not be fodered together in wynter. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 73 Yow are neaver to., fother sheepe soe longe as they can gette any thing on the grownde. 1707 Mortimer Husb. 172 Straw will do well enough to Fodder them with. 1773 Barker in Phil. Trans. LX 111 . 222 There was so little grass. .that many were forced to fodder their cattle. 1832 Miss Mitford Village Ser. v. (r863) 328 A lad..had gone thither for hay to fodder his cattle. 1876 Whitby Gloss, s.v. Fodder, ‘ Fodder’d up ’, fed and bedded, as the stalled animals. transf. and fig. 1659 H. More Immort. Soul hi. xviii. § 12 This notion of foddering the Stars with the thick foggs of the Earth. 1742 Young Nt. Th. vii. 42 This foreign field, Where nature fodders him [man] with other food. 1891 Daily News 26 Jan. 6/3 They' .. fodder their souls on all kinds of stale and withered doctrinal herbage. J* b. To give cattle fodder upon (ground). Also To fodder on (ground), in indirect passive. Obs. 1655 [see Foddering i]. 1664 Evelyn Kal. Hort. May 56 A place that has been well fother’d on. 1693 [see Fod- 9 df.red ppl. a.]. Hence Fo ddered ppl. a. 1382 Wyclif 1 Sam. xxviii. 24 A foddred [1388 fat] calf. 1692 Dryden Cleomcnes m. ii, Accursed be thou, grass-eating foddered god ! 1693 Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. Gloss., FotherdGrounds , ground upon which Cattel are fed in Winter, with Hay, &c., to better it. 17x3 Young Last Day 11. 256 The fodder’d beast. Fodder, obs. form of Fother. Fodderer (fp’daroi). [f. Fodder v. + -er 1 .] One who fodders or feeds (cattle). 1623 Minsheu, Crucro, a fodderer of cattle. 1691 T. P. Quakers Unmasked 16 Cattle .. that kick against their Fodderers. 1755 in Johnson ; and in mod. Diets. Fo'ddering, vbl. sb. [f. Fodder v. + -ing T] 1 . The action of the vb. Fodder. c 1570 Pride Lowl. (1841) 54 Farthest, .from skil, But yf it be in fodderyng of a beast. 1655 Harti.ib Legacy (ed. 3) 249 This way of pasturing of Clover will be a kind of fod¬ dering of the land, and rather improve then impair it. 1727 Bradley Earn. Diet. s.v. Barn, Barns, .for. .the more con¬ venient Foddering of Cattle with the Straw. 2 . concr . An allowance of fodder. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 401 Ten pound of it is a sufficient foddering for an horse. 1808 Curwkn Econ. Feeding Stock 55 A foddering of straw from six to eight pounds. fig. 1622 Mabbe tr. Aleman’s Guzman if A If. 11. 46 Then did she reduce vntoher remembrance..what drie fodderings he did giue her. 1662 Rump Songs (1874 : I. 161 A foddering of Prayer four hours by the Clock. 1843 Carlyle Misc. (1857) IV. 267 Heavy fodderings of Jesuit theology. 3 . attrib. and Comb., as foddering band, boy , cord, ground, herb, place , rack , + stead , time. 1837 Boston Advert. 17 Jan. 2/2 One fork and one *fod- dering band. 1827 Clare SJieph. Cal. 21 Nor ling’ring wait the *foddering-boy\ 1890 Gloucestrrsh. Gloss., * Fod¬ dering cord, a hair and hemp cord used for binding up hay to take out to beasts. 1789 W. Marshall Gloucester I. 230 A small dry grass inclosure, (near the homestall)—pro- vincially a *‘ foddering ground ’—where they have their fill of hay. 1816 F. Vanderstraf.ten Impr. Agric. 8 Roots and - foddering herbs for cattle. 1587 Mascai.l Govt. Cattle (1627) 203 The Shepheard. .shall often cleanse the ^fodder¬ ing places of his sheepe. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, in. 606 Salt Herbage for the *fodd’ring Rack provide. 1619 N. Riding Rec. IV. 153 A messuage and land with one *folheringe stead. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 10 As soon as *fotheringe time is past . .reinoove them. Fodderless (I^dailes), a. [f. Fodder sb. + -less.] Without fodder. 1852 T11 it's JlTug. XIX. 760 Fodderless cattle. t Fo dding. Obs.— 1 f* {are he solde fren be. a 1225 A tier. R. 274 pauh |n foa hurte ke oSe vet. a 1250 Owl <$- Night. 1714 Moni man .. Thurh belde worde ..Deth his ivo for arehwe swete. a 1300 Cursor M. 1593 (Cott.) Hijs faas to bring al o lijf. 1340 Ayenb. 255 He ualk li3tliche ine ke honden of his uon. 1375 Barbour Bruce 11. 208 Robert the bruce, that wes his fa. c 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees' 223 And freyndes fynde I foyn. 1526 Tindale Matt. x. 36 A mannes fooes shalbe they of his owne housholde. 1625 Milton On Death fair Infant 66 To slake his wrath whom sin hath made our foe. 1728 Pope Dune. hi. 177 Embrace, embrace, my sons! be foes no more ! 1787 Burns Tam Samson's Elegy vii, Your mortal fae is now avva’, Tam Samson’s dead ! 1823 Byron Juan vm. Ixx, He. .could crack His jest alike in face of friend or foe. 1859 Tennyson Elaine 1083 He makes no friend who never made a foe. b. Our foe, the arch foe : the Devil ; = Enemy i b. a 1225 Ancr. R. 62 Vre vo, ke weorreur of helle. c 1366 Chaucer A B C84 Lat not our alder foo make his bobance. 1667 Milton P. L. vi. 259 The arch foe subdu’d Or Captive drag’d in Chains. c. In a weaker sense : An adversary, antagonist, opponent. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 11. 776 The Groom .. watches with a Trip his Foe to foil. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. I. 133 Made happy that the foe the prize hath won. d. transf and fig. ( a ) One who feels unfriendly or acts in opposition or prejudicially to (some thing), an ill-wisher; ( b ) Anything that harms or - is likely to injure. (a) 1607 Shaks. Cor. in. i. 176 A Foe to* th’ publike Weale. 1742 Pope Dune. iv. 460 A gloomy Clerk, Sworn foe to Myst’ry, yet divinely dark. 1813 Shelley Q. Mab ix. 176 Death is no foe to virtue. 1859 Tennyson Guinevere 508, I hold that man the worst of public foes Who [etc.]. (b) c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 33 Crist him hadde warned togenes k re fon, synne .. sor and dea< 5 . 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iv. xx. 65 Myrthe is to me become a very foo. 1607 Shaks. Timon 11. ii. 241 That thought is Bounties Foe. 1807 Crabbe Village 11. 192 Grief is a foe, expel him then thy soul. 2 . One belonging to a hostile army or nation, an enemy in battle or war. c 1205 Lay. 215 Inne k ane fehte his feon heo.him bi¬ nomen. 1375 Barbour Bruce xvm. 228 Deliuerit of sic felloune a faa. c 1470 Henry Wallace 1. 54 Foly it was ..Succour to sek of thar aide mortale fa. 1591 Spenser Vis. Bellay 66 A barbarous troupe of clownish fone. 1667 Milton P. L. i. 437 Before the Spear Of despicable foes. 1704 Addison Poems, Campaign , Give thy brave foes their due. 1838 Thirlwall Greece III. 251 Abundant oppor¬ tunities of annoying their hereditary foes in the land of their fathers. 1887 Bowen Virg. AEneid 11. 71 Trojans eye me in wrath, and demand my life as a foe ! 3 . collect. A hostile force; = Enemy 3. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, 1. iv. 3 All my followers, to the eager foe Turne back, and flye. 1633 Massinger Guardian 1. i, For a flying foe, Discreet and provident conquerors build up A bridge of gold. 1794 Burns On the Seas Far Aiuay , He’s on the seas to meet the foe^ 1816 Byron Ch. Har. 111. xxv, Whispering with white lips—‘ The foe ! they come ! they come !* 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 47 Long after London had ceased to fear a foreign foe. 4 . attrib. and Comb., as foe-god; foe-reaped, -subduing adjs.; foe-like, adj. and adv.; also + foe- hearted a., having the heart of a foe, hostile; t foe-Troy a. (iwnce-wdl), hostile to Troy. 1870 Rossetti Eden-Bower 53 Is not the *foe-God weak as the foeman When love grows hate in the heart of a woman? 1598 Rowlands Betraying Christ 6 Now *foe- harted, trecherous of intent. 1556 J. Heywood Spider $ E\ lxiii. 57 These *folike freendes. 1638 G. Sandys Paraphr. Lament, ii. 13 He.. Foe-like hath bent his Bow. 1812 Byron Curse Minerva 301 The rifled mansion, and the *foe-reap’d field. 1590 1 '. Watson Eclog. Death Sir F. Walsinghatn 300 Poems (Arb.) 169 Where arms are vsd by *foe-subdtiing powers. 1615 Chapman Odyss. xiv. 332 Till the Thunderer drew Our Forces out in his *foe-Troy decrees. + Foe, v. Obs. [f. prcc. sb.] trails, a. To set at enmity, b. To make or treat as a foe or enemy. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 209 pe deuel. .fode ke forme man wi 5 god. 1596 Spenser E\ Q. vi. xi. 6 Sith in his powre she was to foe or frend. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. x. Iv. (1612) 245 So far was she from fooing her that sought her life and Rayne. Fo(e, obs. form of Few. + Foede, a. Obs .— 1 [ad. L. foedus foul ] Foul. 1657 Tomlinson Rcnou's Disp. 319 No King .. was ever correpted with such a foede disease. Foederal, Foederally, Foedity: see Fed-. t Foehood. Obs. [f. Foe + -iiood ; app. an alteration of food, earlier form of Feud sb . 2 ] En¬ mity, hatred ; a state of mutual hostility. 1575 Laneham Let. (1871) 17 At vtter deadly fohod. 1606 Warner Alb. Eng. xv. xevi. (1612) 382 And faith with vs not to be held, but foehood euermore. 1625 Jackson Christ's Answ. § 57. Wks. 1844 VI. 417 These strange reconciliations and composals of these inbred fohoods. + Foe ish, a. Obs. rare. [f. Foe sb. + -ish.] Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a foe. 1566 Dr ant Wail. Hierem. K j b, Fell into foyshe hande. Ibid. K iij b, He bent his bowe in foyshe guyse. FoeTess, a. [f. Foe sb.+ -LESS.] Having no foe. 1865 S. Evans Bro. Fabian 102 Nickar the soulless. .Sits . .Friendless and foeless. Foeman (f.J The etymologically preferable spelling with e in this word and its cognates is adopted as the standard form in some recent Diets., but in actual use is almost unknown. The young of viviparous animals in the womb, and of oviparous animals in the egg, when fully developed. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. xlix. (1495) 167 The chylde that is conceiued in the moder hyglit Fetus in latyn. 1594 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 11.397 At this time the burthen is called Foetus of the Latines, and Embryon of the Greekes. 1660 Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. Digress. ^73 The Foetus respires in the Womb. 1796 De Serra in Phil. Trans. LXXXVI. 500 The gems as correspondent to living born foetuses. 1847-71 T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 867 We have yet to learn how the foetus is matured after the exhaustion of this supply. transf 1692 Bentley Boyle Lect. 142 The soil, pregnant and big with foetus’s of all imaginable .. structures of body. Tog (fpg), sb . 1 Also 4, 6-7, 9 fogg(e, 6 Sc. foge, 7, 9 feg, 8 Af. fouge, fug. [of unknown origin ; the Welsh ffwg ‘ dry grass ’ (O. Fughe), often given as the source, is from Fng.] 1 . a. The grass which springs up immediately after the hay-crop has been taken off, aftermath, b. The long grass left standing in the fields during winter; rank grass. ( To leave) tinder fog : with the long grass standing. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 1683 He fares forth on alle faure, fogge watz his mete, c 1400 Sosodone Bab. 2S65 And fille oure somers withe fog and haj’e. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems Ixi. 34 Great court horss puttis me fra the staw, To fang the fog be firthe and fald. 1570 Levins Maui/. 157 Fogge, /ostfa’nium. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 130 I haue knowne the fogge of this close letten from Michael- masse till Lady-day for 33V. 4 d. 1674 N. Cox Genii. Recreat. in. (1677) 40 These Partridges .. do lodge in the dead Grass or Fog under Hedges. 1789 Trans. Soc. Encourag. Arts VII. 39 The fog, or after-grass, was ploughed in. 1807 Vancouver Agric. Devon (1813) 226 The last year's fog is pared down as close and even as possible. 1834 Brit. Husb. I. 484 The precaution, -of leaving a portion under fog forms a sure resource against a scarcity of summer feed. 1876 World'S. No. 115. 13 Io be let, the eatage of fog on thirteen acres of old grass¬ land. j- c. ? A growth of this grass. Obs .— 1 1681 Lovell Hist. Anim. <5- Min. 158 They .. make their nests in foggs. d. ? A tangled mass. 1869 Blackmore Lor)ia D. x, Where a fog was of rushes, and floodwood, and wild celery-haulm. 2 . Sc. and north. =Moss. c 1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. 9 It was a sober wane, Of foge and fame full febillie way made. 1494 in Ed. Trcas. Acc. Scott. I. 249 Item gyffyne for fog to the barge iijf. 1724 Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) I- 66 Between hands., we’ll, .sport upon the velvet fog. 17S0 in Ramsay Sc. Prov. 12 A rowing stane gathers nae fog. 1788 E. Picken Elegy on You Place Poems 181 Green fug, mantlan’ owre the sclates, Held out the air. 1805 Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 458 Lime is the mortal enemy of all sorts of fog or moss. 1853 G. Johnston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. 261 1 he term * fog 1 comprehends many species of Hypna. 3 . attrib. and Comb., as fog grass, -harrow, -land, - moss. Also, fog-cheese =* eddish-cheese; fog-earth, peat; fog-fruit (see quot.); fog- house (see quot.). 1822 Nares, * Fog-cheeses in Yorkshire, are such as are made from this latter grass. 1886 Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk., * Fog-earth, peat, bog-earth. 1866 7 reas. Bot., *E'ogfruit, an American name for Lippia nodi fora. 1886 Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk.,*Fog-grass, coarse sedgy grass, such as grows in wet places. 1880 Antrim $ Down Gloss., *Fog-harrcnv, a harrow to clear moss away. 1842 C. W. Johnson Farmer's Encycl , 494 A *fog-house means a house built or lined with moss. 1829 J. Hodgson in J. Raine Mem. (1858) II. 158 The corn and *foglands. 1805 Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 257 Yellowish, or *fogg-moss, is much less compact than [black moss]. 48-2 FOG. 380 FOGGINESS. Fog (fyg), sb . 1 Also 6-7 fogge. [prob. a back- formation from Fogg v a.] + 1 . 1 . Flabby substance (in the body), un¬ wholesome fat; ‘ waste flesh ’ (cf. quot. from Pals¬ grave s.v. Foggy 3). Obs. [Cf. Foggy a. 3.] 1586 Bright Mclanch. xxi. 124 In stead of firme substance the bodie is ouercharged with a counterfette kind of fatte, and hydropical fogge, which beareth she we of good habitc. II. [Cf. Foggy a. 4.] 2 . Thick mist or watery vapour suspended in the atmosphere at or near the earth’s surface; an obscured condition of the atmosphere due to the presence of dense vapour. 1544 Late Expcd. Scotl. C iij a, The sonne brake out, the fogge went awaye. 1578 T. Ellis in Hakluyt Voy. III. 41 A hidious fogge and mist, that continued till the nineteenth. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. in. ii. 357 The starrie Welkin couer thou anon With drooping fogge as blacke as Acheron. 1634 Milton Counts 433 No evil thing that walks by night, In fog, or fire. 1670 Evelyn Diary 15 Dec., The thickest and darkest fogg on the Thames that was ever known. 1758 John¬ son Idler No. 49 P 8 Hills obscured by fogs. 1833 Ht. M artineau Loom <$• Lugger 1. iii. 28 A dense fog hung so low that there was no use in keeping watch, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. x. 66 His guides had lost their way in the fog. 1887 Ashby-Sterry Lazy Minstr . (1892) 141 ’Tis sometimes yellow, sometimes brown, A London Fog! b. fig. In a fog : at a loss to know what to do. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. in. i. Wks. 1856 I. 105 Stoop and beat downe this rising fog of shame. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. To Rdr., The thicke fogges and mists of ignorance. 1792 Wolcott (P. Pindar) Ode to Ld. Lonsdale Wks. 1812 III. 45 The people’s brains are losing their old fogs. 1874 Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 326 Our sculptors are still blinded by the pseudo-Greek fog. 1888 M. Robertson Lombard St. Myst. xxii, I confess that, until it came to light, I was in a fog. 3 . transf. a. Any abnormal darkened state of the atmosphere. b. Any substance diffused through the atmosphere, so as to cause darkness; a dark mass (of smoke). Also s/aug= Smoke. 1601 Shaks. Twel. N. iv. ii. 48 Ignorance, in which thou art more puzel’d then the ./Egyptians in their fogge. 1699 Garth DisJ>cns. in. 30 Smouldrmg Fogs of smoke benight the Fire. <1700 Street Robberies Consider'd, Fog, smoke. 1854 Kelly & Tomlinson tr. A rag o’s Astron. (ed. 5) 133 The fog of 1783 .. extended from the north of Africa to Sweden. .It rose above the loftiest mountains. 4 . Photogr. A cloud or coating obscuring a developed plate. 1858 Sutton Diet. Photogr. s. v., A frequent cause of fog is [etc.l. 1873 Spon Workshop Rec. 1. 254 A deposit of red fog will take place. 5 . Short for Fog-signal 2. 1883 F. S. Williams Our Iron Roads ix. (ed. 4) 295 As long as the distance-signal stands at ‘ danger ’ he is to keep two ‘ fogs’ on the rail. 6. altrib. and Comb. a. atlrib., as fog-cloud , - land, -smoke. 1846 Whittier Exiles lii. No *fog-cloud veiled the deep. 1886 Genii. Mag. Apr. 411 We. .step into the luminous Tog- land of poetry. 1808 Scott Martu. 11. Introd. ix. Rises the Tog-smoke white as snow. b. esp. in the names of instruments used for giving warning in foggy weather, as fog-alarm, -belly -detonatory -gong, -gun, -horn , -trumpet, -whistle. Also Fog-signal. 1841 Longf. Wreck Ilesp., ’Tis a Tog-bell on a rock- bound coast. 1892 Pall Mall G. 17 Oct. 4/3 The cap of a Tog-detpnator. 1883 Fisheries Exhib. Cat at. 32 A. . Bell Metal Chinese *Fog Gong. 1858 in Merc. Marine Mag. V. 363 A gong and fog-horn is. .sounded in foggy weather. c. instrumental and originative, as fog-born, -bound, -bred, -hidden , - ridden , adjs. 1818 Keats Etidymioti 11. 278 The -fog-born elf. 1855 Clarke Diet., * Fog-bound, detained by fog. 1848 Kingsley Saint’s Trag. 1. iii, This Tog-bred mushroom-spawn of brain¬ sick wits. 1893 Catholic News 21 Jan. 5/1 That fog-hidden day. 1887 All Year Round 26 Feb. 135 Our chilly Tog- ridden towns. cl. Special comb.: fog-bow, a phenomenon similar to the rainbow, produced by the action of 1 ight on the particles of fog; fog-circle = prec.; fog- dog (see Dog sb. 10) ; fog-drift, a drifting mass of fog; fog-eater (see quot.); fog-logged a., stopped by fog; fog-man = Fogger ^ f fog-pate, a stu¬ pid muddle-headed person ; . fog-ring (see quot.). 1831 Brewster Optics xxxii. 268 A Tog-bow, which re¬ sembled a nebulous arch, in which the colours were invisible. 1890 E. Gosse Life P. II. Gosse 62 The rare Arctic appear¬ ance known as the fog-bow, or Tog-circle. 1853 Ecclesiolegist XIV. 39o*Fog-drifts drove rapidly overthe bleak crags. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., * Fog-eater, a synonym of Tog- dog and fog-bow. _ 1846 P. Parley's A nn. V 11 . 5 The Prince Regent, .proceeding towards Hatfield got fog-logged ’, as it was called, and could not proceed. 1883 F. S. Williams Our Iron Roads ix. (ed. 4) 294 In that cottage lives a fog- man ’ and he was wanted for his duties. 1732 Hyp-Doctor 2 May 1/1 Reasoning with these eternal * Fog-pates. 1852 Brande Suppl., * Fog-rings, banks of fog arranged in a circular or ring form. t Fog, a. Obs. rare. [Shortened from Foggy a.] Gross, bloated. Cf. Foggy a .3 1583 Stanyhurst Aeticis in. (Arb.)92Polyphem. .Afovvle fog monster. Fog (f?g), vA [f. Fog slO] 1 . intr. To become overgrown with moss. Sc. 1715 Pennecuik Tweed dale About this town [Peebles] ..fruit and forest trees, .are seldom seen cither to fog or be bark-bound. 1805 Forsyth Beauties Scotl. I. 525 The hedges fog at the stem. 1810 G. Chalmers Caledonia II. iii. 204 St. Bothan’s well, .neither fogs nor freezes. 2 . Agric. ( [trans.) a. To leave land ‘ under fog’: see Fog sbA 1 and Fogging vbl. sb. b. To feed (cattle) on fog. 1814 Davies Agric. S. Wales I. 545 We saw a piece that had been fogged successively during sixteen years, and. .was improving annually. 1828 Carr Craven Gloss, s. v.. When farmers take the cattle out of their pastures in autumn; they say ‘they are boun to fog them’. 1855 Ogilvie Suppl., Fog, in agriculture, to feed off the fog or pasture in winter, as cattle. 1893 Wilts Gloss., Fog , to give fodder to cattle. Fog (fpg), v . 2 [f. Fog sbA Cf. befog.} 1 . trans. To envelope with or as with fog; to stifle with fog. Also fig. 1599 Soliman <$- P. 1. C ij, Fog not thy glory with so fowle eclipse. 1601 Bp. Barlow Defence 19 Somtimes by clouds it [the sun] is enueloped, and by mists fogged, a 1684 Leighton Comm. 1st Pet. i. 10-12 That the light of divine truth may..net be fogged and misted with filthy vapours. 1811 Byron Let. to Mrs. Byron 14 Jan., I might have stayed, smoked in your towns, or fogged in your country, a century. 1881 W. C. Russell Ocean Free Lance I. vi. 296 The hurricanes which, .fogged her decks with flying spume. 2 . fig. To put (a person) in a 1 fog’; to bewilder utterly, mystify, perplex; to render (ideas, etc.) misty or confused. 1818 Keats Lett. Wks. 1889 III. 124, I must fog your memories about them \viz. books he had borrowed]. 1888 Illustr. Loud. News Xmas No. 11/1 These folks fog me.. I can’t talk their lingo. 1890 B. Sharpe in Nature 30 Oct. 634 To merge many species under the genus Picus tends to fog and confuse the ideas of geographical distribution. 3 . intr. a. To become covered or filled with fog. (In mod. Diets.) b. To fog off-, to perish from damp, to damp off. 1849 Florist Aug. 221 Watch carefully that decayed leaves do not cause the cuttings to fog off. 1880 N. <$• Q. 20 Nov. 406 A gardener speaks of his cuttings from bedding plants which have not taken root as having ‘fogged off’. 4 . Photogr. {trans.) To cloud or cover with an obscuring coating. Also to fog over. 1854 7 ml. Photogr. Soc. 21 Jan. 163/2 The relative values of acid or alkaline baths with respect to ‘ fogging over ’ the impressions taken on collodion. 1865 Reader No. 116. 320/1 The negative was slightly fogged. 1893 Sir R. Ball Story of Sun 210 The flash of sunlight fogged the plate. 5 . Railway slang, (intr.) To place fog-signals on the line in foggy weather. 1886 Lloyd's Weekly 26 Dec. 1/5 Engaged in the duty of ‘ fogging ’. 1891 Star 21 Feb. 3/1 While he was fogging on the south side of Charing-cross-bridge. Hence Fogged ppl. a .; Fo’gging ppl. a. 1617 Hieron Wks. (1619-20) II. 191 In some sicknesses, you shall see a man forget himselfe a little by some fogging sleepe. 1661 Feltham Resolves 11. Lusoria xxviii, The Sun, before man’s damning Fall Threw afogg’d guilt upon this All. 1849 Florist Dec. 321 To remove any fogged foliage. 1886 Stevenson Dr. Jckyll 20 Under the face of the fogged city moon. 1890 Woodbury Encycl . Photogr. 300 Fogged plates will be produced if [etc.]. t Fog, v .3 Obs. rare. [? Back formation from Fogger 1 .] intr. Toactina ‘pettifogging’ manner; to adopt underhand or unworthy means to secure gain. Hence Fo’gging ppl. a. 1588 M. Kyffin Terence's Andria v. iv, Hah fogging knaue. 1628 R. S. Counter Scuffle lxix, Wert not for vs, thou Svvad, quoth hee, Where would’st thou fog to get a fee ? 164-1 Mil- ton Reform. 11. (1851) 65 The fogging proctorage of money. Fogage, obs. form of Fogg age. Fogan (fo’gan). dial. Also foggin, fogon. [? cf. OE. foca loaf baked under the ashes (/Eliric Gen. xviii. 6).] (See quots.) 1810 Monthly Mag. June 436 Fogan, fogon .. In some parts of Cornwall .. a cake made of the fat of pork and barley-meal. 1848 C. A. Johns Week at Lizard 228 The latter, which they called ‘ foggin consisting of cakes made of wheaten flour and currants. Fog-bank. [f. Fog sb .' 1 + Bank jA 1 ] (See quot. 1867.) Also /?,§•. 1659 D. Pell Impr. Sea 499 7 iofc, Quoth the Ship-master, It is but a fog-bank, there is no danger. 1769 Hirst in Phil. Trans. LIX. 230 A dark cloud, or rather fog-bank. 1819 Byron Juan 11. xevi, The frequent fog-banks gave them cause to doubt. 1865 Merivalk Rom. Emp. VI II. lxviii. 366 The clouds and fogbanks of Plotinus .. were replaced by the enduring fabric of the doctrine of the Christian Trinity. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Fog-bank ,a dense haze, pre¬ senting the appearance of a thick cloud resting upon the horizon. Fogdom (fjrgdam). nonce-rad. [f. Fog sb . 1 + -DOM.] The state of fog, foggy condition. 1890 Longm. Mag. Mar. 488 The fogdom dun and brown Of thy streets, O London Town. i'Foge. 1 Obs. [? cf. Feauges.] ? Some ailment. 1483 Cath. Angl. 137 Foge, reuma, vnemia [sic MS.; ? read anemia ]. Foge- (fo'id^). Min. [Of obscure origin : perh. local pronunciation of Fokge.] (See quot. 1778.) 1778 W. Pryce Min. Cornub. 321 Foge (Cornish), a forge or blowing-house for smelting of Tin. 1808 Polwhele Cornish - Eng. Foe., Foge, a blowing house. Fogey: see Fogy. Foggage (frgeds). Sc. Also 7-8 fogage, (7 foggadge). [ad. Sc. Law-Lat. (14th c . fogagium) prob. f. Fog jA 1 ] 1 . Lazo. The pasturing of cattle on * fog ’; the privilege of doing this. 'la 1500 tr. Leges Forestarum xv. in Sc. Acts (1844I I. 690 Gif [>e king will set gers be be tym of fogage be quhilk is fra }>e fest of all hallowys quhil be fest of Sanct Patrik in lentryn ilk beest sal pay viij d. for fogage [Orig. per tempus fogagii . .fro fogagio\. 1593 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1597) § 161 That the saidis glebes be designed with freedomeof foggage, pastour- age, fewall, faill, diffat, loning, frie ischue and entrie. 1872 C. Innes Lect. Scot. Legal A ntiq. vi. 252 The foggage of the Bishop’s forest of Birss. 2 . Moss ; = Fog sbX 2. 1786 Burns To a Mouse iv, An’ naething, now, to big a new ane O’ foggage green ! Fogged (f^gd), ppl. a. [f. Fog v . 1 + -ed L] 1 . Sc. Covered with moss; hence fig. (well) furnished or provided. 1743 Maxwell Set. T?‘ans. Soc. Improv. Agric. Scot. 100 The grass..is become very sour, full of sprets, and in many places fogged. 1790 Siiirrefs Poems 332 In case auld lucky be well fogget. a 1800 Jamieson Pop. Ball. 1 . 293 For noucht but a house-wife was wantin’ To plenish his weel-foggit byke. 2 . Left ‘ under fog 9 : see Fog sb . 1 1. 1834 Brit. Husb. I. 484 The practice of putting cattle from fogged-fields into the straw yard at night. Fogger 1 (fr'g 31 )’ [Of somewhat obscure history; but prob. derived from lugger, the sur¬ name of a renowned family of merchants and financiers of Augsburg in the 15th and 16th c. The name passed as an appellative into several European langs. In German fugger, fucker, focker (see Grimm) has had the senses ‘monopolist, engrosser’,/usurer’, ‘man of great wealth’, ‘great merchant’, and, in certain dialects (doubtless originally through ironical use), ‘huckster, pedlar.’ Kilian 1598 has Flem. focker ‘ monopolist, uni¬ versal dealer' (monopola, pantopola giving fugger us and fuccardus as popular mod. L. equivalents ; and in mod. Du. rijke fokker is an avaricious rich man. Walloon foukeur and Sp.fttcar are contemptuous designations fora man of great wealth. A ‘petty Fugger’ would mean one who on a small scale practises the dishonourable devices for gain popularly attributed to great financiers; it seems possible that the phrase ‘petty fogger of the law’, applied in this sense to some notorious person, may have caught the popular fancy, and so have given rise to the specialized use in sense 1. Sense 2 was already developed in Ger. dialects (see Grimm), though the channel by which it came to England is unknown. Cf. Fooker.] + 1 . A person given to underhand practices for the sake of gain ; chiefly, a contemptuous designa¬ tion for a lawyer of a low class. Usually preceded by petty (see Pettifogger). Obs. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 320 As for this pettiefogger, this false fellowe that is in no credite or countenance. 1577 Harrison England 11. ix. (1877) 1. 206 Brokers betweene the pettie foggers of the lawe and the common people. 1588 M. Kyffin Terence's A ndria iv. v, I should be exclaimed vpon to bee a beggerly fogger, greedily hunting after heritage, c 1600 Norden Spec. Brit., Cornw. (1728) 27 The baser sorte of people [are], .verie litigious, .by meanes wherof the Fogers and Petie Lawiers .. gett vnto themselues. .great advauntage. 2 . dial. ‘ A huckster; a petty chapman carrying small wares from village to village* (Forby Voc. E. A nglia, a 1825). 1800 Larwood Norf Dialogue in Skeat Nine Spec. Eng. Dialects (E. D. S.) 119 The fogger [in the ‘translation* rendered ‘ the man at the chandler’s shop *]. 1805 W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. III. 60 All hawkers, foggers, and pedlars. 3 . A middleman in the nail and chain trade. 1868 Morn. Star 10 Mar., Down with the ‘ foggers says I. 1871 Gd. Words 610 Where, as is often the case, the ‘fogger’ keeps a public-house, the truck system is so worked as to foster drunkenness. 1888 Times 29 Nov. 9/5 The nailers..are at the mercy of ‘foggers’ or factors. Fogger 2 (f^'g^-t). dial. [perh. f. Fog v . 1 + -er J ; the word has a curious resemblance to Du. fokker breeder of cattle, f. fokken vb.] An agricultural labourer chiefly engaged in feeding and attending to cattle. 1851 in Berksh. Gloss. 1858 Hughes Scouring While Horse 7 5 ,1 found Joe with his fogger. .looking at some calves. 1879 I efferies A mateur Poacher (1889) 223 A fogger going to fodder his cattle came across a pheasant lying dead on the path. Fogger 3 (fjrgai). [f. Fog v. 1 + -er 1 .] One who ‘ logs ’ on a railway, a fog-signalman. 1881 Echo 5 Nov. 1/5 The ‘foggers’ place their signals on the line at some little distance from the signal-post. Foggie (f^gi)- Sc. Also fogie. [prob. a use of Foggy a., cither because the insect inhabits mossy places (Jam.), or because it is clothed with a moss-like covering.] A kind of humble-bee ; = Carder i b. Also foggie-bee. 1819 Blackw. Mag. Sept. 677 Humble bees, of that brown irritable sort called foggies. 1853 R $ Q\ 1st Ser. VIIL 64/1 Its name among the Scotch peasantry is the fogie-bee. 1856 T. Aird Poet. Wks. 130 The mower in the meadow ruffles up The foggie’s nest. Foggily (fy'gili), [f. Foggy a. + -ly 2 .] In a foggy manner. 1599 Minsheu, Grossamente, grossely, rudely, foggily, bungarly. 1730-6 Bailey (folio), Foggily, heavily. 1755 Johnson Foggily, mistily, darkly, cloudily. 1891 C. Dun- stan Quita II. 11. v. 115 It was damply, foggily cold. Fogginess (fjrgines). [f. Foggy a. +-ness.] + 1 . Flabbiness, grossness. Obs. 1547 Boorde Brev. Health cclxxx. 93 In Englyshe it is named fatnes or fogyenes or such lyke. 1609 W. M. Man in Moone (1857) 125 Keeping them from fogginesse, gros- nesse, and fiery faces. 1720 W. Gibson Diet Horses xi. FOGGING. FOIBLE. fed. 3) 170 All fogginess, .proceeds from an over great Re¬ laxation of the Canals and Vessels. 2 . A foggy or misty condition. 1660 Ingelo Bcntiv. «$• Urania. (1682) I. 75 By reason of thfe natural fogginess of the air. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk Sclv . 128 Whence new moisture or fogginess presses in. 1764 Reid Inquiry vi. § 22. 451 The clearness or fogginess of the air. 1859 Photogr . Nezvs 9 Sept. 7 The pictures . .are likely to be affected with fogginess. fig. 1893 Ch. Times 3 Mar. 221/1 There would be much less fogginess, .and much more common sense. Fogging vbl.shy [f. Fog + -ing 1 .] The action of the vb.: spec, (see quot. 1804). 1804 A. Young Farmer’s Calendar 325 Fogging . .consists in keeping the whole growth of grass in upland meadows .. free from either scythe or stock..and eating it in the following winter. 1834 Brit. Husb. I. 484 There is an ancient practice respecting grass lands in some of the Welch counties, —called fogging,—or keeping the land without stock from May or June to December. 1883 N. 4 Q. 10 Nov. 377 . Cattle turned out in the winter season to find a pre¬ carious subsistence in the fields are said to * go a-fogging ’. Fogging (fjrgig), vbl. sb . 2 [f. Fog v.~ + -ingB] 1 . The action of the vb. in various senses. 1854 7 ’ nl. Photogr. Soc. 21 Jan. 163/2 Another secondary cause of * fogging * .. is the diffused light reflected from the top, bottom and sides of the camera. 1878 Besant & Rice Celia'sArb. vii. (1887) 56 Some strange fogging of his enthusiastic brain. 1883 Gd. Words Nov. 722/1 Without dust ‘ fogging ’ is impossible. 1889 Acwokth Raihvays Eng. vii. 320 Again, ‘fogging’ is never resorted to merely to protect goods trains. 2 . Theatr. (see quot. ). 1889 Barrere & Leland Slang, Fogging , getting through one’s part anyhow, like a man lost in a fog. Fogging (ffgig), vbl. sbfi [Cf. Foggeii sb . 1 3.] Nail trade (see quot.). 1892 Labour Commission Gloss., Fogging , the system by which small employers in the nail and chain trade..make their profits by paying their workpeople less than the recognised price, and by selling their work..to the larger employers. + Fo'ggish, a . 1 Obs. rare. [f. Fog a. + -ish.] Somewhat bloated or fat. 1570 Levins Man ip. 145 Foggish, pinguis. 1573 Baret Alv. F 766 Foggishe or fatte bodie. t Fo'ggish, a . 2 Obs. [f. Fog sb . 2 + -1st:.] Somewhat foggy or misty. 1686 Goad Cclest. Bodies 11. x. 294 Foggish and misling. Foggy (fc'gi)* a • Also (in sense i feggy) Sc. fuggie. [f. Fog sb . 1 + -y 1 . The identity of the word in its various senses is somewhat doubtful, but the development of meaning suggested below seems plausible.] 1 . a. Resembling, consisting of, or covered with ‘ fog ’ or coarse grass, b. Sc. Covered with moss, mossy. 163^ Tom a Lincolne 11. in Thoms Prose Rom. (1858) II. 332 Toads croaking in foggy grasse. 1747 R. Maxwell Sel. Trans. Soc. Improv. Agric. Scot. 18 It may be laid down with Grass seeds .. so to ly, unless it turn sour or foggy. 1790 A. Wilson Disconsolate Wren Poet. Wks. (1846)96, 1 spied a bonny wee bit Wren, Lone on a fuggy stane. 1806 A. Douglas Poems 87 Yonder foggy mountain. a 1810 Tannaiiill Poems (1846) 75 He liked to stray, By fuggie rocks, or castle gray. 1875 ‘Stonehenge’ Brit . Sports 1. 1. v. § 5. 92 A field of good feggy grass. + 2 . Boggy, marshy. Ohs. a 1568 Coverdale Bk. Death 1. xl. 160 He that is fallen into a depe foggy wel and sticketh fast in it. 1577 B. Googe HeresbacJCs Husb. (1586) 78 In the loainie and leane ground, as in the fatte and foggie. [Cf. sense 3.] 1651 R. Child in Hart lib's Legacy (1655) 11 Low, moist, foggy ground. a 1661 Fuller l Fort hies, Bedfordsh. 1.(1662) 114 The foggy fens in the next County. + 3 . Of flesh, etc.: F'labby or spongy in con¬ sistency ; not solid; = Boggy a. b. Hence of persons or animals: Unwholesomely bloated, swollen with flabby and unhealthy corpulence, puffy. Also quasi-difw. in foggy fat. Obs. a 1529 .Skelton Elynour Rummy ng 483 All foggy fat she was. 1530 Palsgr. 313/1 Foggy to full of waste flesshe. 1562 Bulleyn Dial. Soarnes Chir. 29 b, In case the fleshe appere foggie and fattishe. 1565 Golding Ovid's Met. xv. (1567) 189 b, Then greene, and voyd of strength, and lush, and foggye, is the blade. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 530 Which [horses] being foggie fat, and delicately brought up. 1618 Chapman Hesiod 11. 24 And with a leane hand, stroke a foggie foot. 1657 S. Purchas Pot. Flying-Ins. 40 They return to feed, and that alwayes of the purest honey, whereby they may become so foggy, that [etc.], a 1704 T. Brown Praise Poverty Wks. 1730 I. 100 Drowned in foggy quagmires of fat and dropsy. 1741 Compl. Fam. Piece 11. i. 300 Being very fat and foggy by means of their gross Food. 1817 Sporting Mag. L. 26 How foggy, unwieldly. .and helpless are such crazy mortals. 1828 Carr Craven Gloss., Foggy , fat, gross. f b. Of food : Apt to puff up the body. Obs. 1657 S. Purchas Pol. Flying-Ins. 1. xv. 93 Woad, which affords a foggy food that over-lades the Bees. 1761 Earl Pembroke Milit. Equit. (1778) 123 All sorts of grains are foggy feeding, and though they plump up the body, they do not give a wholesome and sound fat. f c. Of ale, etc.: Full of floating particles, thick. Obs. Cf. Fat a. 7 a. 1619 Pasquil's Palin. (1877) 155 The Draymans Beere is not so cleere, and foggy Ale is thicker. 1764 Low Life 67 In search of. .thick foggy Beer and Ale. 4 . Of air, mist, cloud, etc.: Thick, murky. Hence (through Fog sb. 2, which appears to be a back-formation from this sense) : Of the nature of, 381 or resembling, fog or thick mist; full of, or abound¬ ing in, fog. [For the development of this sense from 3, cf. Fat a. 7 c, and Lat. pinguis aer, pingue aelum. But some of the quotations suggest allusion to sense 2.] 1544 Late Exped. Scott. C ij b, That mornynge being very mystie and foggie. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke xviii. 34 With muche foggie derkenesse. 1570 Turberv. Penitent Loner Epitaphes, etc. 112 With errors foggie mist at first, that Reason gaue no light. 1600 Shaks. A. Y. L. hi. v. 50 Like foggy South, puffing with winde and raine. 1624 Wotton A rchit. 3 That it [the Aire] be not. .subiect to any foggy noysomenesse from Fen ns or Marshes neere adioyning. 1627 May Lucan v. (1635) Iij b, The thicke aire was .. clogg’d with foggy stormes. 1733 4 Berkeley Let. to Prior 22 Jan. Wks. 1871 IV. 212, 1 myself have gotten a cold this sharp foggy weather. 1797 Nelson in A. Duncan Life (1806) 44 The action happening on a foggy day. 1812 Col. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 63 The. .foggy asthmatic town of Glasgow. 1859 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. III. 15 On a foggy October morning. 1877 M. M. Grant Sun-Maid i, He pointed across the foggy valley. 1885 L'pool. Daily Post 1 May 4/9 Days of foggy drizzle. b. fig. Obscure, dull, bemuddled, confused. In some of the earlier quots. the sense may be 3, which in fig. use coincides nearly with this sense. 1603 Hayward Answ. to Doleman ii. 33 Your course, foggie, drowsie conceite, that there are few or none simple monarchies in the world. 1637 Pocklincton A Hare Chr. xxiv. 172 A dull device of a foggie braine and willing blunderer. 1737 Ozell Rabelais I. 365 His Understanding must be very foggy. 1771 Foote Maid of B. 1. Wks. 1799 II. 214 Your rival is a fusty, foggy, lumbering log! 1888 Burgon Lives 12 Gd. Men I. 111. 358 Making merry over some extremely foggy production. 5 . a. Of the eye: Beclouded, dim. b. Not clear to one’s mind, etc., dim, indistinct. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge (1849) 9 °/ 2 A dull and foggy sort of idea that Mrs. Varden wasn’t fond of him. 1847 Alb. Smith Chr. Tadpole xix. (1879) 177 The cold foggy grey eyes of the old lady looked after him. 1883 F. M. Crawford Dr. Claudius i. 7 All this uncertain saturation of foggy visions and contradictory speculations. 6. Photogr . Fogged, indistinct. Cf. Fog sb .' 2 4. 1859 Photogr. News 9 Sept. 7 A greater tendency to give foggy pictures. 1873 Spon Workshop Rec. 1. 292/2 Many weak thin foggy negatives. 7 . slang. Not quite sober. 1823 Moor Suffolk Words, Foggy, a quaint term for one ‘ somewhat bemused in beer ’; not very clear-headed. 1867 in Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 8 . Comb. , as foggy-brained. 1594 Nashe. Terrors Nt. Wks. (Grosart) III. 232 Feeding on foggie-braind melancholly. Fogh, obs. var. of Faugii int. 1681 Otway Soldiers Fort. 1. i. Wks. 1728 I. 340 Fogh ! let’s leave the nasty Sows to Fools and Diseases. Fogh, Foghil, obs. ff. Faw a. and Fowl. Fogle (fCAAoi'), and OF. foille, fueille fem. (mod.F. fcuille, = Pr. folha,foilla, Sp. hoja, It. foglia L. folia, pi. of folium ). The fem. sb., originally collective, has superseded the masc. in all mod.Rom. langs., except that It. foglio remains in the sense ‘ leaf of a book ’.] f 1 . A leaf (of a plant). Obs. 14 .1 vYdg. Balade of our Ladie vi, Fructified oliue of foiles faire and thicke. C1420 Ballad, on Ifusb. v. 144 Take Of violette, not but oonly the foil, c 1450 Two Cookery dies. 11. 102 Wete faire foiles of parcely in vinegre. t b. With allusion to the annual fall of the leaf: A year. Cf. Fr. vin de deux, trois fcuilles. Obs . -1 1481 Caxton^ Tally's Friendsh . iv, For the more foylles that the wyne is of the more plesaunt it is in drynkyng. 2 . The representation of a leaf. a. Her . 1562 Leigh Armorie (1597) 95 This though it be termed a foyle, yet is it a flower by the name of the primrose. b. Arch. One of the small arcs or spaces between the cusps of a window. Foil arch (see quot. 1891). *835. R* Willis Archit. Mid. Ages 195 Multifoils, with the foils alternately round and angular. 1849 Freeman Archit. 344 Foil arches are doubtless one of the Arabian features of the style. 1891 Adeline's Art DietFoil Arch . .is an arch made of our several smaller arches or foils. + 3 . By analogy : Anything flat and thin. Obs. a. A thin layer (of any material), a leaf, paring. ?c 1390 Form of Cury in Warner A nth/. Culiu. (1791) 18 Take a thynne foyle of dowh, and Kerve it in pieces. e 1450 Two Cookery-bks. 11. 96 Cast there-on. .foyles of tried ginger pared. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 493 The mast- Holme also may be cut into fine thin foile or leaues like plates. b. A leaf (of paper). 1528 Will of y. Parke (Somerset Ho.), Paper conteynyng vj foyles or leves. C. A counterfoil. a 1483 Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. (1790) 69 To recorde the foylles of provision weekely. 1511-2 Act 3 Hen. VIII, c. 23 § 3 The same Barons..[shallJ cause the Chamberleyu ..to joyne the said tailes..to their foile or foiles. 1601 F. 1 ate Househ. Ord. Edw. II § 40 (1S76) 23 He shal receve and write the foilles of the tallies. 1738 Hist. Crt. Excheq. v. 9 They shewed him their 1 allies of Payment below, the Foils of which were likewise entred. 4 . As a substance (without pi.) : Metal hammered or rolled into a thin sheet; often with the name of a metal prefixed; as,gold-, silver-, tinfoil. 1398 Trevisa Barth, de F. R. xvi. iv. (Tollem. MS.) Golde. .bitwene pe anfelde and fie hamoure with oule breakynge. .strecchek in to golde foyle. c 1430 Tivo Cookery- Ifs. 1. 27 When hou dressyst forth, plante it with foyle of Syluer. 15*9 Horman l ulg. 236 b, Makers and leyers of golde foyle occupie a boris tothe. 1598 Stow Surv. vii. (1603) 53 Fine siluer, such as was then made into foyle. 1685 Cole Let. to Ray in Kay s Lett. (17181 197 Some, .covered with a superficies as thin, and exactly of the Colour of silver Foil. 1794 N. E. Kindersley Hindoo Lit., Hist. Nella- Rajah 117 The wings, generally of a mixed green and yellow, have the appearance of foil. 1838 T. Thomson Client. Org. Bodies 373 When heated on platinum foil it gives a beautiful purple smoke. 1871 Tyndall Fragm. Sc. I. ii. 47 Blackened zinc foil, .is instantly caused to blaze. fig. 1610 G. Fletcher Christ's Viet., On Earth 18 That aged Syre could tip his tongue With golden foyle of eloquence. b. A sheet of the same (in modern use an amal¬ gam of tin and quicksilver) placed behind the glass of a mirror, to produce a reflexion. a *583 W. Bourne Prop . Glasses i. in Rara Math. O838) 35 Lookinge Glasses..are those sortes of Glasses, that have a ffoyle, layde on the backe syde thereof. 1625 B. Jonson Staple of N. v. i, I now begin to see my vanity, Shine in this Glasse, reflected by the foile! 1662 J. Bargrave Pope Alex. VII (1867) 131 The isinglass having a foyle of quicksilver and pewter put behind it, like a look- ingglass. 1832 G. R. Porter Porcelain <$• Gl. 210 The art of properly effecting this deposit of the glass upon the foil. c. In wider sense : A backing. 1684 R. Waller Nat. Eaper. 42 The Air .. serving as a Foile to the lower Superficies of a Lens of Glass. 1859 Gullick & Timbs Paint. 13 Silver, .served as a foil over which yellow and other colours ground with oil were glazed. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 403/1 The foundation colour should form a foil for that which is inlaid on it. 5 . A thin leaf of some metal placed under a precious stone to increase its brilliancy or under some transparent substance to give it the appear¬ ance of a precious stone. c 1592 Marlowe few of Malta 11. ii. What sparkle does it [the diamond] give without a foil? a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1840) I. 300 They [Cornish diamonds], .set with a good foil..may at the first sight deceive no unskilful lapidary. 1767 Gray Let. to Mason 19 July, In gems that want colour and perfection, a foil is put under them to add to tlieir lustre. In others, as in diamonds, the foil is black ; and in this sense, when a pretty woman chooses to appear in public with a homely one, we say she uses her as a foil. 1875 in lire's Diet. Arts II. 465. t b. The setting (of a jewel). Obs. 1587 Turberv. Trag. T. (1837) ig, I frame the foyle, I graue the golde, I fashion up the ring. 1611 Bible Song Sol. v. 12 marg. Set as a precious stone in the foile of a ring. fig. *593 Shaks. Rich. II, 1. iii. 266 A foyle wherein thou art to set The precious Iewell of thy home returne. 1650 W. Brough Sacr. Princ. (1659) 5°6 O Bright Diamond of Heaven. .Set in the Foil of Flesh, for a Time. 6. Anything that serves by contrast of colour or quality to adorn another thing or set it off to ad¬ vantage. 1581 J. Bell tr. Iladdon's Answ. Osor. 145 b, He prac- tizeth to make his defence carry a certeine shewe of truth, paintyng it out with a deceavable foyle. 1639 Mayne City Match 11. ii, I need no foile, nor shall I think Fine white only between two Moores. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 112 P 4 His Friends observe these little Singularities as Foils that rather set off than blemish his good Qualities. 1791 Wolcott (P. Pindar) Ode to my Ass Wks. 1812 II. 466 Lady Mount her Majesty’s fine foil. 1822 Hazlitt Table-t. I. xvi. 378 Real excellence does not seek for a foil in inferiority. 1871 Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (1879) I. vi. 202 They formed a bright foil to the sombre mass. 7 . attrib. and Comb., as foil-ground, -paper, -spangle ; also foil-alum, alum in foils or laminae; foil-stone (see quot. 1858). 1453 in Pleath Grocers' Comp. (1829) 322 Alum, * foyle or rooch, y y bale, .iiijzf. 1859 Gullick & Timbs Paint. 13 Gold and silver, glazed or lacquered Toil-grounds. 1859 Sala Gas-light $ D. ii. 20 *Foil-paper, spangles and Dutch Metal. 1851 R. F. Burton Goa 133 A pair of slippers adorned with "Foil spangles. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, *Foil stone , an imitation jewel. Foil (foil), sbd Forms: 5-7 foyle, 6-7 foile, 7 Sc. foillie, 6- foil. [f. Foil v . 1 4.] f 1 . Wrestling. The fact of being almost thrown ; a throw not resulting in a flat fall; also in phrase to give (a person) the foil. Obs. Cf. Fall sb. 13. 1553 t see FalljA 13]. 1567 Trial Treasure Bij, In wrestling with me he gaue me the foyle. 1622 Breton Strange Newes (Grosart) 6/1 Chiefly wrestling, when they haue more foiles then faire falls. 1687 A nsw. to Representor s 2 >th Ch. 4 Two Foils makes a Fall. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Foil, a Fall in Wrestling, that is not clearly given. 1721-90 in Bailey. 2 . A repulse, defeat in an onset or enterprise; a baffling check, arch . + In early use often in phrases: to give a or the foil ; to have, receive , take a ( the, one's ) foil ; to pul to (a, the) foil. c 1478 in Eng. Gilds 304 Myndynge not to take the foyle, stande to defende theyre cause. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasrn. Par. Pref. 11 Could neuer yet fynde how to geue him any foile. 1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden' 13 Consider¬ ing what a foul shame and foil it had alreddi bene unto me. 1603 Holland Plutarch' s Mor. 427 Chabrias. .having put to foile and defaited some few Thebans. 1609 Hume Admon. in Wodr. Soc. Misc. (1844) 582 And receaved the foillie. 1645 G. Sandys Trav. m. 145 The alternate changes of foiles and victories. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. lxiv. (1739) 132 The Lords received the first blow, and gave the first foil, a 1716 South Semi. (1744) XI. 24 It may give a man many a. .foil and many a disheartening blow. 1738 tr. Johnson scul Urbanum in Gentl. Mag. May, Whom no base calumny can put to foil. 1814 Southey Roderick xvnt. 358 When Africa received her final foil. 1821 Joanna Baillie Met. Keg., Wallace lv. Ashamed and wroth at such unseemly foil. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. III. iv. 232 He thinks No more of yesterday’s disgrace and foil. + b. With mixture of the sense of Foil vA 6 : A disgrace, stigma. Obs. 1599 Porter Angry Worn. Abingd. (Percy Soc.) 26 It hath set a foyle upon thy fame. 1616 Breton Good <$• Badde 5/2 He [an Vn worthy kingl is the foyle of a crowne. + 3 . The cause of (one’s) defeat or failure. Obs. a 1683 Oldham Ode to Vice Poet. Wks. (1686) 106 Thou.. Whom baffled Hell esteems its greatest Foyl. a\ 704 T. Brown Sat. agst. Woman Wks. 1730 I. 55 Oh ! gawdy source of all mens hopes and fears, Foil of their youth. tFoil, sbA Obs. In 6 foill. Also Sc. Fulyie. [f. Foil v. ] ~\ What is trampled under foot; hence, Manure, dung. 1565 Wills <$• Inv. N. C. (Surtees 1855) 244 Raffe Vasye of lumlye castell oweth me for all my foill or muke that I left I at my fermhold at crook. Foil (foil), sbA Forms: 6 //. ?foyelles (perh. mispr. for foylles ), 6-7 foyl^e, 7-foil. [f. Poil v . 1 (sense 2) ; cf. OF. foulis, Cotgr. foulde, foule- ment in same sense, f. fouler Foil vd] The track of a hunted animal. 1576 Turberv. Venerie 77 Marking all his tokens as well by the slot as by the entries, foyelles, and such like. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. 1. (1677'72The Dew will be beaten off, the Foil fresh, or the ground broken, a 1734 North Lives II. 353 F.llows .. have lain down upon the foil to prove whether the dogs followed the track or not. 1810 Sporting Mag. XXXV. 206 Having rounded the hill he crossed the foil. 1894 Scotsman 27 Aug. 11/2 Mr. Davidson decided to lay the hounds on the foil of the otter first found. fig. 1682 Otway Venice Preserved in, What, hunt A wife on the dull foil ! 1684 Southerne Disappointment 1, Fleeting pleasure leaves me on the foyle. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones vn. iv, Here’s another b-follows me upon the foil. 1790 Wolcot (P. Pindar) Ode to Bruce iii, O Bruce, thou treadest Abyssinian grounds; Nor can our British noses hunt thy foil. b. Phrases. To run (or + take) the foil , to run upon the foil : to run over the same track a second time (with the effect of baffling the hounds). To break her foil : to run out of the track after having doubled. 1601 in Farr S. P. Eliz. (1845) IP 43 1 The chafed deare doth take the foyle. 1650 Fuller Pisgah iv. iii. 44 No Hare, when hardly put to it..and running foile, makes moe doublings. 1781 P. Beckford Hunting xi. 151 You must .. try to hit her off where she breaks her foil. 1798 Sporting Mag. XI. 87 The ground so stained by run¬ ning the foil that the scent lay with no certainty. 1828 Carr Craven Gloss, s.v., To run the foil. transf. and fig. 1658 J. Harrington Prerog. Pop. Govt. I. x. (1700) 289 To affirm that, .is to run upon the foil. 1666 J. Smith Old Age 233 From whence it [the blood] is recom¬ mitted into the right ventricle of the Heart, to be chased the Foyl. 1878 Cumbld. Gloss. Suppl. s.v., 1 Runnin’ oald foils ’, following former courses. Foil (foil), sb . 5 Forms : 6-7 foile, foyle, S file, 7- foil. [Of obscure origin. Usually regarded as f. Foil vi, and as denoting etymologi¬ cally ‘a sword with the point foiled or blunted.' But the vb. does not appear to have meant ‘ to blunt ’: the reading of the quarto in Oth. i. iii. 270, even if genuine, does not admit of this interpretation. Another suggestion is that the phrase at foils originally belonged to Foil sb? in the sense of parrying, and that the name of the instrument was evolved from the phrase. It is noteworthy that Foin sb. occurs in 17 th c. in the sense of foil', possibly (in spite of the want of evidence) this goes back to the 16th c , so that foil might be an etymologizing alteration of foin , after Foil v. 1 . That the word is, by some far-fetched associa¬ tion, a transferred use of Foilj^. 1 a leaf (cf. F. fleurct fencing foil, lit. ‘ floweret ’, the button being compared to a bud) is a possibility for which at present there is no evidence.] 1 . A light weapon used in fencing; a kind of small-sword with a blunt edge and a button at the point. 1594Nashe Unfort. Trav. 21 Iacke Leiden, .had. .apeece of a rustie sword. .by his side., it was but a foyle neither, and he wore it, to shewe that he should haue the foyle of his Enemies. 1606 Drumm. of Hawth. Let. 6 Aug. Wks. (1711) 233 They would have most willingly taken the buttons off the foils. 1703 Mrs. Centlivre Beau's Duel iii. i, I hope to see it as much a fashion to fight with files, as ’tis to fence with them. 1729 A rt of Fencing 3 The Sword (or File, in imitation of the Sword'. 1852 Thackeray Esmond 1. xiv, I can use the foils, .indifferently well. 2 . pi. The exercise of fencing with foils, esp. in phrase at foils . 1600 Nashe Summers Last Will (Grosart) 130 It makes him .. fight.. as though hee were but at foyles amongst his fellows, a 1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary 11. v, Credulous. Where’s your cloak? Andrew. Going to foiles ev’n now, I put it off. 1841-44 Emerson Ess., Prudence Wks. (Bohn) I. 100 Entire self-possession may make a battle very little more dangerous to life than a match at foils. 3 . attrib ., as foil-button. 1599 Marston Sco. Villanie 111. xi. 226 This bumbast foile-button. .For want of talke-stuffe, fals to foinery, Out goes his Rapier. Foil (foil), v . 1 Forms: 4-6 foile, foyle, 7 foyl, 6- foil. See also Foul v. and Sc. Fulyie v. [irreg. repr. of OF. filler , foler , fouler (mod.F. fouler), to full cloth, to tread, trample down, press hard upon, crush, oppress; corresponding to IT. folar , Sp. hollar, It. follare in similar senses popular Lat. *fulldre originally to full cloth, i.fulld a fuller: cf. Full v. The Eng. forms foyle, foil, and Sc. fulje, fulyie, would normally represent not OF. foler, fouler , but fouillier (mod. F. fouillcr), which has the quite different senses ‘ to dig, grub up, root (as a swine), search *. The cause of the irregularity has not been discovered: a suggestion is that the sb. foulis, folei'z = Foil sb? may have been confused with fouillis the ‘rooting’ of a swine, a mass of dirt and rubbish, and that this led to a confusion in the verb; but it is doubtful whether this would account for the facts ] I. In sense of Yx. fouler. + 1 . trails. To tread under foot, trample down. 13.. K. A Us. 2712 Mony gentil cors, Was y-foiled undur fet of hors. r 1330 Arth. Merl. 9440 Pinogras he feld of hors, And foiled al his cursed cors. 1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) v. ii. 363 They shall foyle and threste all the dampned togyder. 1577-87 Holinshed Citron. (1808) IV. 877 The more they contended to suppresse him, the more (like the camomill being foiled and troden) his vertues rose vp. 1596 Danett tr. Comines iv. iii. 124 But the third [man] the Beare tooke and ouerthrew, and foiled FOIL. FOIN. vnder hir feete. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 69 King Richard .. caused the ensignes of Leopold .. to be puld downe, and foiled vnder foot. Jig. c 1400 Apol. Loll. 44 In veyn Jw foilist flesch wi|> abstinens. ^1440 Gesta Rom. xxxvii. 151 (Harl. MS.) A synner. .ententhe in to holy chirche, and foylithe the comaundementes of god. 1470-85 Malory Arthur xvm. xxv, Worshyp in armes may neuer be foyled. 2 . Of animals: To trample or tread down ; to tread into mud; esp. in Hunting , to run over or cross (the ground, scent, or track) with the effect of baffling the hounds. Also absol . of a deer (see quot. 1SS6); + rejl . of a hound : To spoil his own scent. 1649 Blithe Eng. Improv. Impr. (1653) 25 Soak not thy Land too much, that Cattell treading, or Grazing upon it, foyl it not. 1651 Davenant Gondibert if. xlv, Their [Hoggs’] scent no North-east winde could e’re deceave. .nor Flocks that foylethe Ground. 1672-3 Marvell Reh. Transp. 72 A .. dog having foil’d himself.. with everything he meets.. 1735 Somerville Chase 11. 174 In the same Round Persisting still, she’ll foil the beaten Track. 1781 P. Beck- ford Hunting (1802) 279 If you suffer all your hounds to hunt on the line of him, they will foil the ground. 1828 Carr Craven Gloss., Foil, to trample, as meadow grass is said to be foiled when trampled or trodden down by hares. 1886 Elworthy IV. Somerset Word-bk ., Foil.. the scent, or the ground, are said to be foiled when other deer than the hunted one have crossed the scent. Ibid., Foil.. a deer is said to foil when he retraces his steps over the same track. Jig. a 1719 Addison (J.), I. .put up such a variety of odd creatures, .that they foil the scent of one another. 1 3 . To press hard upon, oppress. Obs. rare~\ This sense, common in OF., appears to be required by the context, though the other texts read fylus,fylen. a 1300 Cursor M. 10104 (Cott.) pis world, my flesh, the fend als pat folus [Laud MS. foylyn] me wip fondyng fals to make me falle in fylthis fele. II. To overthrow, defeat, baffle. 4 . To overthrow, defeat (an antagonist) ; to beat off, repulse, discomfit (an assailant or an attack). + In Wrestling : To throw, to inflict a ‘foil’ upon : see Foil sb 2 1. Also fig. 1548 Hall Chro)i ., Edw. IV. (an. 23) If they lacke actiuitie, euery creature be he neuer so base of birthe, shall foyle and ouerthrowe them. 1600 Shaks. A. V. L. 11. ii. 14 The Wrastler That did but lately foile the synowie Charles. 1610 Guillim Heraldry in. ii. (1660) 102 To chase away and foil all passionate perturbations of the mind. 1648 Bp. Hall Breathings Devout Soul (1851) 175, I strive ..but, sometimes, I am foiled; and go halting out of the field. 1667 Milton P. L. i. 273 Leader of those Armies bright. Which but th’ Omnipotent none could have foyld. 1697 Dryden Virg. Geoi'g. 11. 776 The Groom, .watches with a Trip his Foe to foil. 1725 Pope Odyss. xx. 25 Not fiercer woes thy fortitude could foil. 1736 West Let. in Grays Poems (1775) 10 You have foiled him..at his own weapon. 1737 Burke Abridgm. Eng. Hist. Wks. 1842 II. 572 Suits, .in every one of which he was sure to be foiled. 1808 J. Barlow Columb. iv. 247 Howard, .foils the force of Spain. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 344 Meletus, who is easily foiled and mastered in the hands of the great dialectician. b. To outdo, surpass. a 1687 Waller Of a tree cut in paper 7 Fair hand!.. Strange, that your fingers should the pencil foil. 1786 Burns Lass o' Ballochmyle iii, Woman, Nature’s darling child !.. Ev’n there her other works are foil’d. 1812 H. & J. Smith Rej. Addr. No. 10 Not chusing her charms should be foil’d By Lady Elizabeth Mugg. Tc. intr. To suffer discomfiture. Obs. 1591 Greene Maiden's Dreame xlix, His toil He took, lest that the English state might foil. 1639 Verger tr. Camus' Admir. Events To Rdr. avj, There be mindes which foyle in reading a history of great length, humane patience being not of any great extent. 5 . To frustrate, render nugatory (an attempt or purpose); to parry (a blow) ; to baulk, disappoint (hopes, etc.); to baffle, frustrate the efforts of (a person). App. developed from sense 4 with some influence of the notion of ‘ foiling a scent *: see 2. a 1564 Becon Jewel of Joy in Catechism , S>c. (1844) 426 Paul .. had so many years been foiled with the..elvish expositions of certain doting doctors. 1600 Hakluyt Voy. III. 160 Lest his credite, foyled in his first attempt, in a second should be vtterly disgraced. 1612 ' 1 '. Taylor Comm. Titus i. 2 Faith shall be easily shaken, hope quickly foyled. 1621 Marq. Buckingham in Fortcsc. Papers 172 That whole businesse will be foyled. 1676 Wiseman Surgery v. v. 363 He had been foiled in the Cure, and had left it to Nature. 1784 Cowper Task in. 4 Having long in miry ways been foiled. 1823 Scott Peveril xxxi, To be foiled in a gallant intrigue was to subject himself to the ridicule of his gay court. 1841 Borrow Zincali I. iv. 11. 301 He foiled the stroke of Chaleco. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxviii. (1856) 227 The project, .was foiled for a time. 1871 Dixon Tower III. xii. 123 But here their wits were foiled. 1871 R. H. Hutton Ess. (1877)1.19 The narrow anxiety, .is apt to foil its own end. III. Influenced by Foul a. and v .; cf. defoil, Defoul v. and Filf, v. 6. To foul, defile, pollute. In material or im¬ material sense. Obs. exc. dial. (In some mod. dialects perh. a pronunciation of File.) Quot. T440 may belong to sense 3 or 4. <-1380 Wyclif Serin. Sel. Wks. II. 86 ]>ei preche not to profit of folk but..to foile [v. r. foulen] hem wij> many synnes. C1440 Hylton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 1. xxxiv, A man that hath be moche foyled wyth worldly or flesshely synnes. a 1553 Udall Royster D. v. vi. (Arb.) 85 A man hath no honour to foile his handes on a woman. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple I si. xi. 33 Ranc’rous enemies, that hourely toil Thy humble votarie with loathsome spot to foil. 1878 Cumbld. Gloss., Foil, to defile. 383 + 7 . To dishonour; esp. to deflower (a woman;, to violate (chastity). C1440 Gesta Rom. xxxvi. 143 (Harl. MS.) Hast thowe foylid my dowter. #1577 Gascoigne Wks. (1587) 300 Rather chose to die..Than filthie men should foile their chastitie. a 1592 Greene Mamillia Wks. (Grosart) II. 153 Hast, thou. .no more regard to thy solemne othe than to foile it with periurie? + 8. To cause filth, drop excrement ; = File v . 2 i d. 1599 Hayward is? Pt. Hen. IV, 77 They did nothing but feede and foyle in the summer of her sweete sun shine. 1616 — Sand. Troub. Soul 1. § 13 (1620) 285 Swine .. doe nothing else but feede and foile. Hence Foiled ppl. a ., in senses of the vb.; also of a horse: Injured. Also FoiTer, one who foils. 1607 Topsell Four f. Beasts 425 If he [a horse] be foiled on his forefeet by foundering or otherwise. 1700 Parker . 9 /Ur Philosoph. Ess. 2 O thou..divine Burnet ! thou foiler of all Philosophers. 1810 Scott Lady of L. 11. xxx, Till the foiled King..Shall bootless turn him home agen. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Foiled-girse, grass much trodden. Foil (foil), vA [fi F oil sb. 6] intr. To make a thrust at with a foil. In quot. transf. 1600 Rowlands Let. Humours Blood ix, In single cum- bat, being hurt .. As he was closely foyling at a Wench. + Foil, v . 3 Obs. [perh. ad. F. fonillcr to grub up ; cf. F. fouillense (Boiste), fouilleur (Littre), a kind of light plough.] trans. To subject (land) to the third of the series of ploughing^ formerly prescribed for preparing it for sowing. Hence Foi ling' vbl. sb. 1616 Surfl. & Markham Country Farme 555 At August you shall giue it the third ardor or earing, which is called foyling. .this ardor is..one of the best, especially for the destroying of weeds. 1620 Markham Farew. Flush. Pref. to Rdr., Sixe seuerall .plowings, as fallowing in Ianuary and February, Stirring in April! and May, Foiling in Iuly and August [etc.]. 1669 Worlidce Syst. Ayric. (1681) 326 To Foyl, that is, to fallow Land in the summer or autumn. Foil (foil), vA [f. Foil sbA] 1 . trans. To apply foil or a foil to. fa. To spread over with a thin sheet of metal or other substance. See Foil sb . 1 4. In quot.yfg. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. v. iii. § 16 Foiling them [tales] ouer with a new colour of the Latine tongue. t b. To apply an amalgam of tinfoil and mer¬ cury to (glass, a mirror). See Foil sb. t 4 b. Obs. 1714 Fr. Bk. of Rates 83 Tin .. to Foile Looking-Glasses. 1787 Gt •inti. Mag. Suppl. 1166/2 He could..foil mirrors. C1790 Imison Sch. Art 11. 6 When this amalgam is used for foiling or silvering, let it first be strained through a linen rag. 1818 Blackw. Mag. III. 615/2 The difficulty of foiling glass to the various forms necessary. c. To back (a crystal) with a foil. (Foil sbP 5). 1887 Archseologia L. no A crystal (?) foiled to resemble sapphire. 2 . To set off by contrast. See Foil sb . 1 6 . 1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. III. iv. iii. § 14 Beauty .. must be foiled by inferiority before its own power can be developed. 3 . Arch. To ornament with foils. 1835 R. Willis Archit. Mid. Ages v. 41 At the same time there came in the practice of Foiling arches ; that is, of unit¬ ing a series of three or more by their bases, so as to form one. 1849 [-see Foiling vbl. sb. a b.] Hence FoiTer, one who foils. 1612 Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 171 Foilers of looking-glasses. Foil, obs. form of Foal. Foilable (forlab’l), a. [f. Foil v} + -able.] That may be foiled or defeated. 1611 Cotgr., Rebutable, reiectable, refusable; foylable. 1848 in Craig; and in mod. Diets. Foil age, obs. form of Foliage. Foile, obs. form of File sbp Foiled (foild), ppl. a. [f. Foil vA + -ed 1 and Foil sb . 1 -1- -ed 2 .] 1 . fa. Coated on one side, or backed with foil (obs.). b. Produced by a coating of foil. 1662 J. Bargrave Pope Alex. VII (1867) 131 Two cylinders .. the one of steel .. the other of foyled isinglass. 1703 T. N. City foyns, or wij? fitchewes. 1399 Langl. Rich. Redcles iii. 150 Ffurris of ffoyne and o}?er ffelle-ware. 1493 * n Halyburton's Ledger (1867)30 Item ioorygisof fown3es. 1562 in Heath Grocers' Comp. (1869) 426 note, Anye kind of furs in their gownes, but onlye foynes and budge. 1641 Triumph Chas. I in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) V. 96 About eighty comely and grave citizens, in foins and liveries. 1718 Ozell Tournefort's Voy. II. 376 The French Foines are much in esteem there. 3 . attrib. and Comb., as foin{s-back, - skin, -tail, etc.; foins-bachelor, one of a company dressed in gowns trimmed with foins, who took part in London civic processions (see Bachelor 2) foins- gown, one trimmed with foins. 1561 in Vicary's Anal. (1888) App. vi. 189 My gowne.. faced with *foyne backes. 1612 Sc. Bk. Customs in Halyburton's Ledger (1867) 306 Furres called .. Foynes— backes .. tailes .. powtes. 1681 T. Jordan Loud. Joy 1 A youthful number of * Foyns Batchellors. 1692 Land. Gas. No. 2812/4 Also *Foins Gowns, and Scarlet Hoods for Rich Batchelors. 1718 Ozell Tournefort's Voy. II. 376 These *Foine-Skins. Foin (foin), sb . 2 Forms : see vb. [f. Foin v.~\ 1 . A thrust or push with a pointed weapon. To cast a foin at: to make a thrust at. Obs. or arch. C1450 Fencing 70. tivo handed S 7 tat knyf. 1520 Ca.xtoris Chro7i. Fng. vit. 118/2 They, .foyned theym with theyr swerdes and speres thrugh theyr bodyes. 1548 Patten Fxped. Scot. I iiij b, Lashe at )?e legges of )>e horse, or foyne him in [>e belly. trails/, c 1340 Gaw. # Gr. Knt. 428 pat fele hit [a head] foyned wyth her fete. Hence Forning vbl. sb. and ppl. a.; Forningly adv. c 1400 Destr. Troy 10287 Fell was the fight foynyng of speires. 1523 Ld. Bf.rners Eroiss. I. ccclxxiii. 617 With their foyninge the Englyssheman was ouerthrowen to the erthe. 1558 Phaer sEucid vn, Borespeares longe they whirle, or foynyng forks. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado v. i. 84 Sir boy, ile whip you from your foyning fence. 1618 Fletcher Loyal Subj. 1. iv, Are you afraid of foining? 1620 Thomas Lai. Did., Punctim.. foiningly, pointingly. 1628 Wither Brit. Rcmcmb. in. 945 The capring Dancer, and the foining Fencer. 1 Foi’liery. Ohs. rare. [f. Foin v. + -ert.J Thrusting with the foil, fencing with the point. 1599 Marston Sco. Villanie hi. xi. 22 [He] fals to foinery, Out goes his Rapier. Foir-: see Fore-. Fois, obs. pi. of Foe. Foison (foi'z’n), sb. Forms : 3 fouss-, fusun, 3-4 fuisum,-un, 4-6 fusiou(n)n(e, -on, fuysion, -on, 7 fouson, fuzzen, 4-7 foyson, 5 -nn, 6 -en, 4 fosoun, 4-5 foi-, foysoun(e, 6-7 foi-, foyzou(e, 7 -zen, -eson, 5 fysoun, 7-8 fizon, 9 fizzen, 4- foison. [a. OF. foison, foyson, ftiison, fuson = Pr. foison popular I.. *fitsidn-em, for L. fusion-em a pouring, n. of action i.fund ere to pour.] 1 . Plenty, abundance, a plentiful supply; a great quantity on number (of persons or things), arch. 13.. A'. Atis. 1030 Alle the innes of the town Haddyn litel foisoun. 1303 R. Brunne Hatidl. Synne 5808 Code shal 3yue pe hys blessyng And foysyn yn alle pyng. 1375 Barbour Bruce xix. 482 Fyres in gret foysoune thai maid. 1489 Caxton Faytcs of A. 11. xxxix. 163 They muste haue grete foyson of arowes with brode hedes. 1545 Raynold Byrth Manky tide 1. ii. (1634) 20 The greater foyson of fat that there is betweene the two skinnes, the lesse be the vaines. 1652 Ash mole Theatr. Chon. Brit. 217 Of al tleyntes plente and foyson. 1810 Lamb Farew. to Tobacco, Africa, that brags her foison, Breeds no such prodigious >oison. 1848 Lowell Fable for Critics Poet. Wks. 1S90 11 . 70 He has a perennial foison of sappiness. b. Plentiful crop or harvest. 1587 Golding De Mornay xxxiv. 549 Tf it [the grayne] spring not vp, it yeldeth no foyson. 1610 Shaks. Temp. iv. i. no Earths increase, foyzon plentie, Barnes and Garners neuer empty. 1845 R. W. Hamilton Fop. Educ. x. 330 We anticipate the foison of an unknown husbandry. c. quasi -adv. In abundance. So OF .foison. 13.. K. Alt's. 1012 Heo. .was deliverid liversoon, Skarsch- liche and nought foisoun [MS. Laud 622 nou^th a foyson]. 2 . Inherent vigour or vitality; power, strength, capacity, pi. Resources. Now chiefly Sc. a 1300 Cursor M. 8516 (Cott.) Gains him his fas had na fusun. Ibid. 13499 (Gdtt.) He bliscid si}>en h e fusses tuine, And sett his fuisum paim widine. la 1400 Arthur 476 He, for alle hys grete Renoun, A3enst Arthour hadde no fusoun. c 1550 Bale A'. Johan (Camden) 77, I wyll gyve Kynge Iohan thys poyson, So makynge hym sure that he shall never have foyson. *71592 H. Smith Serin. (1866) II. 114 Such a foison hath your alms that.. it increases, like the widows meal. 1605 Shaks. Mach. iv. iii. 88 Scotland hath Foysons to fill vp your will Of your meere Owne. 1808 Jamieson, Foison 2, Pith, ability; used to express .. bodily strength. 1825 Ibid., ‘He has nae foison in him'; he has no under¬ standing, or mental energy. Loth. b. Nourishing power; hence, nourishment, lit. and fig. Now dial, and Sc. c 1430 Lydg. in Lay Folks Mass-bk. (1879) Notes 368 Quat man here messe or he dyne.. Hys mete xal han h e more fysoun. 1607WALKINGTON Opt. Glasse i. B 3 b, Them two are poyson to men though foison tobirdes. Ibid., v. F 1 a, Like the foieson or oile of the lampe, wherewith it continewes burn¬ ing. Ibid. xii. K4 a, The foison of our best phantasies. 1624 Gee Foot out of Snare v. 41 The Liturgie. .is but dry meat, and hath no foison in it. 1674 Ray S. E. C. Words 66 Foison or Fizon, the natural juice or moisture of the Grass or other herbs. 1787 Grose Frov. Gloss. Suppl., Foison or Fizon. a 1825 Forby Voc. E. Anglia, s.v., There is no foison in this hay. 1825 Jamieson s.v.,‘Ye’ll tak a’ the fizzen out o t [meat].' Foison (foi-z’n), v. Obs. exc. arch. [ad. OFr. foisonner , f. foison : see prec.] trans. a. To supply plentifully, b. To nourish. *393 Gower Cotif III. 341 Where all good him was foisoned. c 1485 Digby Myst. 11. 513 Yt fedyth and foy- sonnes. 1891 E. Arnold Lt. World 190 Earth To fill and foisor. with His Father’s will. t Foisonable, a. Obs. [f. Foison sb. or v.] Capable of yielding a crop, productive. 1613 F. Rob arts A 'ev. Gospel 91 A ground which .. was vtterly vnprolitable, nor could be made foysonable without great expence. 1627 [see Battlesome a.’*). Foisonless (foi-z’nles), a. Chiefly Sc. Also fison-, fishion-, fissen-, fiz(z)en-, fusion-, fush- ionless. [f. Foison sb. + -less.] Wanting sub¬ stance, strength, or ‘ sap 9 ; weak, ineffective, both in a material and immaterial sense. Of grass; Wanting in succulence or nourishing properties. 1721 Kelly Sc. Frov. 104 Fair Folk is ay Fisonless. a 1796 Burns ‘ The Detik's dang o'er my Daddie An’ he is hut a fusionless carlie. c 1817 Hogg Tales <$• Sk. I. 328 Old rusty and fizenless sword. 1824 Scott St. Ronan's xxxii, And puir thin fusionless skink it was/ 1837 Carlyle Misc. (18*57) IV. 3 Our very Biographies, how stiff-starched, foison¬ less, hollow. 1864 Atheneenvi No. 1921. 234/2 The fusion¬ less bog hay. 1870 Pall Mall G. 27 Sept. 11 These fusion less idlers who never derange themselves for anything. 1888 R. F. D. Palgrave in Eng. Hist. Rev. Oct. 745 The * wild¬ fire ’ proved a very fizzenless mixture. t Foi 'SOnoilS, a. Obs. rare. [f. as prec. + -ous.] Full of energy; fruitful. 1570 Levins Manip. 226 Foysonouse, foecundus. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. xm. lxxviii. (1612) 324 Union, in breefe, is foysonous, and discorde works decay. t Foist, fust, sb . 1 Obs. Forms: 5-7 fuste, (6 fuyst\ 6-7 foiste, foyst'e, 6-8, 9 Hist, foist, (7 foise). [a. OF .fuste, ad. It .fusta fern, origin¬ ally log, piece of timber, f. L .fustis cudgel.] 1 . A light galley; a vessel propelled both by sails and oars. Cf. Felucca. 1485 Caxton Raids V. 80 By adventure they fonde a fuste. 1558 80 Warde tr. Alexis' Seer. 1. 1. 17 b, Wee were set vpon by fine foystes of Pirates. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 430 Pecces of great ordinance placed in fusts and gallies. 1777 Hoole Contemns* Vis. World (ed. 12) hi A ship furnished with oars is a barge, or a foyst. fig. 1569 Shifpe of Safegarde (N.) Nor taking heede his fleshly foyst to guide, a 1625 Fletcher Woman's Prize 11. vi, This Pinck, this painted Foyst, this Cockle-boat. 2 . A barge, a small boat used on the river. *533 Wriothesley Chrott. (1875) I. 18 A barge .. rytehlie behanged with cloath of golde and a foyste to wayte on her. 1616 B. Jonson Epigr cxxxiii. Voy. 100 That is when it is the Lord Maiors foist. Foist, sb . 2 [a. OF. fust (mod.F. fit/) cask, primarily log, tree-trunk L .fustem cudgel.] •|- 1 . A cask for wine ; in phrase to savour of the foist : to be‘fusty’. Obs. a 1533 Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurcl. (1546) Q b, Good wyne sometyme sauoureth of the foyst. 2 . Hence, Fusliness. [b'.fust (Cotgr.).] 1819 Rees Cycl., Foist , used to signify a musty sort of smell among hay, straw, grain, and other farm products. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Foist, the mildew’d scent of a cellar. Foist, sb/ Obs. exc. dial. [dial. var. of Fist sb/] a. =Fist sb/ 1. b. dial. =Fist sb/ 2. c. Comb.=fist-ball. *593 Nashe Lett. Confut. Wks. (Grosart) II. 204 A fatall foyst. 1640 [see Fist sb .- 4]. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Foyst. .a close strong Stink, without Noise or Report. 1847 Halliwell, Foist, a toad-stool, Suffolk. t Foist, sbJ Obs. [f. Foist vd] 1 . A cheat, a rogue ; a pick-pocket. 1591 Greene Disc. Coosnage Pref. 3 The Foist, the picke- pockets (sir reuerence, I meane). 1611 Middleton & Dek- ker Roaring Girle v. M.'s Wks. (Bullen) IV. 134 Mol. This braue fellow is no better then a foyst. Of tines. Foyst, what’s that? Mol. A. .picke-pocket. 1659 Lady Alimony v. iii, You shall play no more the sharking foist with me. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Foyst, a Cheat or Rogue. 2 . A piece of roguery, trick. 1605 B. Jonson Volpotie iii. ix, Put not your foist’s vpon me, 1 shall sent ’hem. 1641 ‘ Smectymnuus’ Vind. Atisw. vi. 83 Which if you call a foyst, all your owne side are as guilty as our selves. 1654 R. Vilvain Theorem. J'heol. iii. 115 What fine foists and brazen bolts are thes to bolster a bad caus ? 1677 in Coles Eng.-Lat. Diet. 3 . Something foisted in. a 1734 North Exam. iii. vi. § 101 (1740) 495 The Author gives the following Speech of May 28, by Way of Foist in the Place of that before of the 23 d of May. Foist, sb/ rare. [f. next.] A fogy. 1820 Blacku'ood's Mag. VIII. 105 The reins were continu¬ ally slipping out of the fingers of the ancient foists [‘the old drivers of the periodical Heavies ’]. Foist (foist), a. dial. [? f. Foist j/>. 2 ] Fusty. 1691 Ray N. C. Words, Foist, Fusty. 1721-92 in Bailey. 1842 Johnson Farmers Encycl., Foist or Foust, a pro¬ vincial word signifying mouldy or rusty. 1868 Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., Foist, foisty. Foist (foist), v. ] [prob. ad. D11. dial, vuisten to take in the hand, f. vuist fist; cf. Ger.dial .fdnsten. The Du. word now means to play at a game in which one player holds some coins in his hand, and the others guess at their number (Prof. Gallee) ] + 1 . trans. (Dicing). To palm (a ‘flat’ or false die) so as to be able to introduce it when required. Also intr. to cheat by this means (in quot. 1545 app. used loosely). To foist in : to introduce (the flat) surreptitiously when palmed. Obs. 1545 Ascham Toxoph . (Arb.) 54 If they be trew dise, what shyfte wil they make to set the one of them with slyding, with cogging, with foysting, with coytinge, as they call it. c 1550 Dice-Play Cjb, R. What shift haue they to bring the flat in 8c out ? M. A ioly fine shifte, y fc properly is called foysting, & it is .. a sleight to cary easely within the hand as often as the foister list. So y l when either he or his partener shall cast y° dice, the flat comes not abrod til he haue made a great hande, and won as much as him list. Ibid. C ij, If. .thisyoung scholler haue not so redy ; .an eye, to deserne the flat at euery time that hee is foysted in. 1565 Harding in Jewel Def Apol. (1611) 127 Through Foisting and Cogging their Die, and other false play. + 2 . intr. To practise roguery, to cheat. Obs. Cf. Cog v .3 1584 R. Wilson Three Ladies Lond. i. Aiij b, Thou doest nothing but cog, lie, and foist with hypocrisie. 1611 Middle- ton & Dekker Rout ing Girl v. i. M/s Wks. (Bullen) IV. 134 A pickpocket; all his train study the figging law, that's to say, cutting of purses and foisting. t b. trans. To cheat (a person) out of. Obs. Cf. Cog z /.3 3 b. 1622 Fletcher Sea Voy. 1. iii, If I be foysted and jeer’d out of my goods ! FOISTER. 13 . To put forth or allege fraudulently. Obs. Cf. Cog v. 6. a 1640 W. Fenner Sacrif. FaitJif (1648) 35 Men must take heed that they foyst not the name of Christ; that they foyst not a ticket to say that Christ sent them. 1678 Marvell Growth Popery Wks. I. 450 Some .. by foisting a counterfeit donation of Constantine, .advanced themselves. b. To introduce surreptitiously or unwarrant¬ ably into ; also with in adv. 1563-87 Foxe A. # M. (1596) 776/2 Unlesse .. by some fraudulent misdealing of mine enemies, there be any thing foysted into them. 1570 T. Norton tr. Nowels Catcch. (1853) 173 They .. desire to shift and foist in the Bishop of Rome to be head of the church in earth, in the stead of Christ. 1641 Si-hjte Sarah <$• 11 agar (1649) 76 A rude .. familiarity., with the name of God (foisting it up and down in common communication and oathes). 1676 W. Row Contin. Blair s Auiobiog. xii. (1848) 372 A general and am¬ biguous clause was foisted into the Oath of Allegiance. 1704 Swift T. 'Pub xi. (1709) 127 A passage, .(whether foisted in by the Transcriber is not known). 1836 Lytton Athens I. 275 The..interpolations ..supposed to be foisted into the Odyssey. 1861 Beresf. Hope Eng. Cathedr. 19 th C. 73 The zeal of San Carlo Borromeo has foisted in subsidiary altars, to the detriment of the grand simplicity of its first plan. 1889 Jf.ssopp Coming of Friars iii. 156 [He] was eventually foisted into the see of Durham. c. To palm or put off; to fasten or fix stealthily or unwarrantably on or upon ; occas. to father (a composition) upon : rarely with off. 1599 Marston Sco. Villanie 1. iii. 182 When Tegeran Brags that hee foysts his rotten Curtezan Vpon bis heire. 1633 Massinger Guardian in. vi, Am I grown So weak .. that these gross tricks May he foisted on me? 1641 Milton Prel. Episc. (1851) 79 The unskilfull fraud of him that foisted this Epistle upon Ignatius. 1772 84 Cook Voy. (1790) VI. 1971 The ignorant assertions foisted on the public by editors. 1841 S. Warren Ten Thous. a Year III. i. 18 To attempt to foist himself upon a borough with which he had no connexion. 1849 c. Bronte Shirley I. vii. 157 Each lady-contributor takes it in her turn, .to foist off its contents on a shrinking male public. 1879 Sala Paris herself again (1S80) II. iii. 34 You have inferior articles foisted on you while being charged for the best. t d. To remove surreptitiously out of Obs.~ l 1658 Bramhall Consecr. Bps. 163 There is rather some¬ thing foisted out of the former Edition, then foisted in. J* 4 . To put (a person) off with something inferior. 1602 Life T. Cromwell 1. iii. 85 Where he had wont to give a thousand crowns Doth he now foist me with a portague ? f 5 . intr. (or rcfl. To intrude oneself into. With away : To slip off, vanish. Obs. 1603 H. Crosse Verities Comnnu. (1878) 66 These beg no place, nor foist into office, but if it come, they vnwillingly hold it. 1664 Cotton Scarron. 1. (1776) 34 But she was gone for when she list. She foist away could in a Mist. 6. intr. slang. (See quot.). 1585 Fleetwood in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. II. 303 Note that ffoysle is to cutt a pockett, nyppe is to cutt a purse, lyft is to robbe a shoppe. 1785 Grose Diet. Vulg. Tongue, Foyst, to pick a pocket. Hence Foi sted ppl. a .; Forsfcing vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 1586 Newton tr. Dancaus Diccplay vi, As many foysting coseners .. use to do. *1587 Golding De Mornay xxiv. 364 If it be possible for a booke to bee preserued from falsi¬ fying and foisting what booke shal yt be but the Byble? 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xv. § 21 This foisted and falsely termed fundamentall law Salique. 1628 R. S. Counter Scuffle lviii, Thou cogging Base foysting Lawyer. 1631 Celestina ix. 105 You well enough perceive herfoystings and her flatteries. 1641 Vind. Smeclymnuus v. 70 The bold foysting in of a Parenthesis, a 1687 Cotton Poet. Wks. (1765) 18 Make no more such Foisting here. Foist (foist), v~ Obs. exc. dial. See also Fost v. [f. Foist j^.-] intr. To smell or grow musty. 1583 Golding Calvin on Dent. cxix. 735 And what be¬ comes of the Corne in the meanewhyle? It foysteth and rotteth. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 103 Corne .. will foyst with lyinge long in the garner. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Foist, to smell fusty. Hence Forsted ppl. a., musty. 1688 R. Holme Armoury iii. 317/1 Musty, Fusty, Foisted, Puft Corn. 1720 Strype Stcnu s Surv. (1754) II. v. xi. 289/2 They brewed foisted Beer and corrupt Beer again. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Foisted, .musty, as a mouldy cask. tFoist, vfi Obs. [var. of Fist v.~] intr. To break wind silently. 1594 Nashe Unfort. Trav. 18 If at anie time hee should foyst. 1604 Dekker Honest Whore 1. ix. Wks. 1873 II. 52 Spurne your hounds when they foiste. 1694 Urquhart's Rabelais 11. xv. 102 [ed. 1653 h as fst]. Hence Foi sting* ppl. a ., usually in foisting cur , hound , etc.; cf. Fisting ppl. a. \ also Foi-ster, one who foists. c 1611 Chapman Iliad Pref. (1857) 65 The harkings of puppies, or foisting hounds. 1656 Davenant Siege Rhodes in. Dram. Wks. 1873 IV. 395 D’ye snarl, ye foisting mon¬ grels? 1674 N. Cox Genii. Recreat. 1. (1677) 24. 1677 Miege, Vesseur, a foister, or a fizzler. t Foister (foi-stoi). Obs. [f. Foist v J + -er k] One who foists, in senses of the vb. a. One who ‘ foists ’ dice. b. One who interpolates spurious words or passages, etc. c. A cheat, sharper, d. A pickpocket. £•1550 [see Foist v. 1 i], 1566 T. Stapleton Ret. Untr. Jewel yt. 36 A Forger, a Foyster or a Cogger. 1585 Fleet- wood in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. II. 298 A publique ffoyster .. Nota that a ffoister is a Pick pockett. 1610 Holland Camden's Brit. 1. 10 Some craftie foister and jugling de¬ ceiver. 1823 Leigh's New Piet. Lond. 104 His proficiency was rewarded by styling him a nypper and a foyster. FOISTY. FOLD. Foisty (foi'sti), a. Sec also Fusty, [f. Foist sb% + -Y. 1 ] Fusty, musty, mouldy, lit. and^>. 15x9 Horman Vulg. 151 b, Lest suche placis waxe filthy and foysty. 1566 Drant Horace's Sat. iv. H, As if., thou shouldst .. sauce thy ineate with foystie oyles. 1619 Favour Antiq. TrL over Novelty xiii. 334 The foisty and fenowed Festiuall. 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 285 Thrash not Wheat to keep untill March, lest it prove foisty. c 1750 J. Collier (Tim Bobbin) Misc. IVks. (1812) 19 Well boh we’n had enough o this foisty matter; lets tawk o’ summot elze. 1859 H. T. Ellis Hong Kong to Manilla 219 Pure Indians, and pure Chinese (if such a term can be applied to so ‘ foisty' a race as the latter). 1876 Whitby Gloss, s. v., ‘As foisty as an old York church.’ Hence Foisty v. intr ., to become foisty or musty; implied in Porstied ppl. a. Foi stiness, the quality or condition of being foisty, 1572 Huloet, Foistied, mustied or vinoed, mucidus. 1576 Baker Jezvell of Health 38 Least .. there may remayne some smatch of rottennesse or foystynes in the fycour dys- tilled. 1595 Lupton Thous. Notable Th. 11. 36 So the Wyne wyll be preserued from foystines and euyll sauor. + Forterer. 06 s. [erron. f. faitcrer, Faitour.] [1528 Roy Rede me (Arb.) 55 Thou makest hym then a trayter? I recken hyrrt a falce fayterer.] 1616 Bullokar, Foiterers, vagabonds. 1623 Cockeram ii, A Vagabond, foyterer. 1677 in Coles. 1848 in Wharton Law Lex. Fok, Fok(k)e, obs. forms of Folk. t Fo - kel, a. Obs. rare. [? altered form of foketi , Fa ken; or perh. miswritten for fekel, Fickle.] Treacherous. (In quots. absol. and quasi-aefo.) a 1275 Prov. AElfred 255 in O. E. Misc. 119 Ofte mon on faire fokel chesed. Ibid. 349 in O. E. Misc. 123 Seiet him faire bi-foren, fokel at henden. + Fo ken, v. [f. foken, Faken sb .; cf. OHG. feihndn.~\ intr. To play false. a 1275 Pros'. Allfred 485 in O. E. Misc. 132 For ofte sibbie men foken hem bitwenen. Fol, obs. form of Fool, Full. tFolability. Obs. rare- 1 , [i.fol Focr,; see -able and -ITY.] Folly. a 1529 Skelton Agst. veil. Tongues viii. 10 Ye are so full of vertibilite, And of frenetyke folabilite. Folargesse, var. of Fool-largesse, Obs. Folc(k, obs. form of Folk. t Fold, sb . 1 Obs. Forms: 1 folde, 3-5 folde, (3 south, volde, 4 foulde), 4- fold. [OE. folde wk.fem. = OLG. folda, ON .fold OTeut. *foldon-, *foldd, prob. related to *felpu Field sb.~\ 1 . a. The surface of the earth; the ground, b. Dry land; the earth, as the dwelling-place of man. In, on , upon fold: on the earth ; often as a mere expletive. Becnuulf 1137 (Gr.) pa waes winter scacen, Fse^er foldan bearm. c xooo Judith 281 (Gr.) He .. sefeoll .. to foldan. £1205 Lay. 1922 AI pe feond to-barst air he to folde come. Ibid. 15730 Nat ic on folde What his fader weoren. £1320 Sir Tristr. 643 Formest J>o in fold He Iete him in pring. c 1340 Gaw. <$• Gr. Knt. 422 pe kay fote on \>e folde he be-fore sette. c 1350 Will. Paleme 5382 A kastel ful nobul, pe fairest vpon fold, ci 400 Rowland O. 418 Then sayde thies Damesels fre one folde. a 1400-50 Alexander 2087 Fey falne to pe fold many fers erlis. c 1440 Bone Flor. 342 Many other waturs come thorow the town, That fresche are upon folde. £1450 Henryson Poems (1865) 24, I was.. Ane freik on fold, as fair..as ye. £1470 Henry Wallace hi. 385 Felle frekis on fold war fallyt wndyr feit. 2 . A country, district, land. a 1000 Caedmons Gen. 1969 (Gr.) pa waes guShergum be Jordane wera edelland wide fceondsended, folde feondum. £ 1340 Gaw. $ Gr. Knt. 25 Mo ferlyes on pis folde han fallen here oft pen in any oper pat I wot. 3 . Comb., as foldsitter, of the hare: one who sits on the ground. a 1525 Names Hare in Rel. Ant. I. 133 The fitelfot, the foldsittere. Fold (fflhld), sb . 2 Forms: 1 falsed, falod, falud, 1-2 fald, 3-5 fald(e, (3 south, void), 4-6 fo(u)ld(e, (5 foolde), 5-6 Sc. fald, 5-9 Sc. fauld, 9 dial, faud, fowd, fowt. [OE. faided, falod, falud, fald, str. masc., app. corresp. to MLG. valt, mod.LG. fait , Du. vaalt, EFris. folt en¬ closed space, dunghill.] 1 . A pen or enclosure for domestic animals, esp. sheep. a 700 Epinal Gloss. 959 Stabulum , falaed. a 800 Corpus Gloss. 310 Bofellum, falud. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. John x. 1 Se pe ne gae <5 aet pam gete into sceapa falde .. he is peof. a 1100 Gerefa in Anglia (1886) IX. 260 Ge on felda, ge on falde. £X2oo Ormin 3339 Till hirdess paer paer pe^} pat nihht Biwokenn pe33re faldess. a 1300 Cursor M. 3671 (Cott.) Jacob went vn to pe fald And broght pe bestes. 1382 Wyclif John x. 1 In to the fold of the scheep. c 1470 Henry Wallace v. 177 Twascheipe thai tuk besid thaim of a fauld. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 6 To be set in a folde all nyghte without meate. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, in. 530 Oft the Flocks .. Nor Folds, nor hospitable Harbour know. 1788 Burns My Hoggie ii. The lee-lang night we watch’d the fauld, Me and my faithfu’ doggie. 1800 Wordsw. Pet Lamb 48 Our house shall be thy fold. b. fig., esp. in a spiritual sense. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 4640 In haly kirkes falde. 1541 Barnes Whs. (1573) 247 You come into the fold of Christ without him. 1548 Hall Citron., Edw. IP (an. 14) 232 To kepe the wolfe from the folde, that is the Frenche kynge from your Castels and dominions. 1821 Shelley Death Napoleon 5 The last of the flock of the starry fold. 1868 G. Duff Pol. Suru. 182 Although South America is nominally Vol. IV. . 385 Catholic, there are few parts of the fold which give more anxiety at Rome. c. The sheep contained in a fold. Also + the movable fold, and the sheep penned in it. 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 219 To run the Fold over it, and well settle it. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. vn. 73 The bleating Fold. 1742 Collins Eclog. in. 14 Till late at silent eve she penn’d the fold. d. transf. An enclosure of any kind ; a dwelling, t In fere and fold : in prison together. £1435 Torr. Portugal 309 In a dongon .. Fovvyre good erylles sonnys .. Ys fet in fere and fold. 1513 Douglas ASneis ix. x. 18 Inclositt amyd ane fald of stakis. 1552 Huloet, Folde, or packe, or pownde to pinne distress, caula. 1847 Tennyson Princ. v. 380 Far off from men I built a fold for them. 2 . An enclosed piece of ground forming part of a farm, as a farm-yard. £1450 Henryson Poems (1865) 6 Be firth, forrest, or fauld. 1500-20 Dunbar Thistle <$• Rose 68 That no schouris . .Effray suld flouris or fowlis on the fold. 1802 R. Ander¬ son Cumberld. Ball. 49 Auld Marget in the fauld she sits. b. transf. The ‘ yard * belonging to a mill, etc.; a cluster of houses standing in such a yard. 1863 Lancash. Fents, Nezo Shirt 3 A pretty weaver lass . .had taken her sewing up the ‘fowt ’. 1882 Lane. Gloss., Fold, Fcnvd, or Fozvt, a cluster of houses. 1889 Baring- Gould Pennycomequicks (1890) 58 The houses in the ‘ folds * were deserted. 3 . attrib. and Conib., as fold-manure, -stake, - stead; also fold-garth, -yard, farm-yard ; fold-mucked a., (ground) manured by folding sheep upon it; fold-pitcher, an iron crowbar used in pitching or setting up hurdles; fold-shore (see quot. 1813) > fold-tread v.= Fold vd 2; foldwards adv., to¬ wards the fold. 1788 W. Marshall E. Yorksh. Gloss., *Foldgarth, farm¬ yard. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Faud-garth, the fold-yard. 1829 Bone Manure, Rep. Doncast. Commission 5 Forty or fifty cart loads of *fold manure. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 17 Wee can neaver gette above one Demaine-flatte *fold- mucked in a whole summer. 1832 Q. Jrnl. Agric. III. 648 Setting hurdles is most expeditiously done by the aid of a.. Told pitcher. 1813 T. Davis Agric. Wilts 63 Fossels, or * Fold-shores, the stakes to which the hurdles are fastened with a loose twig-wreath at the top. 1878 Jackson in Wilts A rcheeol. Mag. XVII. 304 The fold-shores, c 1475 Piet. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 814 Hie palus, a *foldstake. 1663 MS. Indenture (Barlby, Yorks.), 2 gardens and 2 -fold- steads. 1854 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XV. 11. 420 [He] also *fold-treads his turnip-land before the seed is drilled. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. I. 11. 462 Who stood awhile .. Then slowly gat him *foldwards. 1800 Genii. Mag. II. 1291 He ..had been feeding him in the Told yard. 1839 Selby in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club I. No. 7. 192 The .. Finch tribe .. found, .food, .in the stack and fold-yards. Fold (b‘ u ld), sb .3 Forms: 4-5 falde, 4-6 folde, 4 felde, (6 folte), 6-7 foulde, 3- fold. [ME. fald, f. fald-en, Fold z\l ; cf. MDu. voude (Du. vouw), OHG. fait masc. (MHG. valte, mod.Ger. falte fern.), ON .fald-r mz&o,., falda fem. (Sw. fall, Yt^.fold). OE. had fyld, * field \ —WGer. *faldi-z of equivalent for¬ mation, but it did not survive into ME.] 1 . A bend or ply, such as is produced when any more or less flexible object is folded; one of the parts, or both of them together, which are brought together in folding; spec, (see quot. 1882). +In early poetic use, in fold, of rich fold, is a formula often introduced with little meaning in descriptions of costly garments. a 1300 Cursor M. 23452 (Cott.) In clething cled o riche fald. £1325 Metr. Horn. 113 Uestement of riche fold. 01400 Sir Perc. 32 He gaffe his sister hym tille..With robes in folde. ?£ 1475 Sqr. Lowe Degre 835 Your curtaines of camaca, all in folde. 1513 Douglas AZneis viii. viii. 94 Thai byd display thair banaris out of faldis. 1689 Loud. Gaz. No. 2470/4 Several Pieces of Guilix and Gentish Hollands in the Long Fold. 1741 Chambers Cycl. s. v. Drapery, The folds .. should be so managed that you may easily perceive what it is that they cover. 1814 Scott Ld. of Isles iv. xxvi, The monarch’s mantle too he bore, And drew the fold his visage o’er. 1852 Seidel Organ 36 When blown, these bellows form two, three, or more folds. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 105/1 s.v. Angle-joint, g has a fold to each plate; these lock upon each other. 1882 Caulfeild & S a ward Diet. Needlework, Folds, the draping produced by Pleating or Gathering at the waist of a skirt; or the flat plaits on any part of a skirt, bodice or sleeve, secured at each end to the dress to keep them in place. fig. 1605 Shaks. Lear 1. i. 221 A thing so monstrous, to dismantle So many folds of fauour ! 1683 Dryden Life Plutarch 113 The folds and doubles of Sylla’s disposition. 1742 Young Nt. Th. iv. 733 My heart is thine ; Deep in its inmost folds. Live thou. 1820 Shelley Sensit. Plant 1. 31 Till, fold after fold, to the fainting air The soul of her beauty and love lay bare. 1873 Max Muller Sc. Relig. 1 The flowing folds of language. b. A similar configuration in animal and veget¬ able structures. a 1250 Owl <$• Night. 602 A mong pe folde of harde rinde. 1562 Bulleyn Bk. Sicke Men 50a, Masticke .. will, .not suffre Scamonie, to cliue to the foltes [1579 foldes] of the stomacke. 1651 Life Fattier Sarpi 30 Those inward shuts or folds that are within the veines. 1731 Arbuthnot Ali¬ ments vi. viii. 217 The inward Coat of a Lion’s Stomach has stronger Folds than a Human. 1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. 522 A fold of the alimentary canal. 1854 Owen Teeth in Orr’s Circ. Sc., Organ. Nat. I. 283 The folds of enamel that penetrate the substance of the tooth. C. A winding or sinuosity. a 1250 Owl Sf Night. 606 )if he ne con his wit atholde Ne fint he red in one folde. 1555 Eden Decades 178 The fouldes or indented places of the mountaynes. 1601 Hol¬ land Pliny II. 113 That towne. .stood as it were in a fold, or plait, or nouke thereof [#. e. of the gulf]. 1832 W. Irving Alhambra II. 231 The folds of the mountains. 1887 Bowen Virg. AZncid 11. 748 The winding folds of the glen. d. A layer or Thickness' (of cloth, etc.); a coat (of an onion). + With numerals, sing, in pi. sense. 1527 Andrew Brunszuyke’s Distyll. Waters D j b, Two or iii folde of clowte wet in the same water. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 771 The Ancient ./Egyptian Mummies were shrowded in a Number of Folds of Linnen. 1675 Hobbes Odyssey (1677) 232 The fold of a dry onion. 1697 Dryden ALncid, v. 538 With sev’n distinguish’d folds Of tough Bull Hides. 1804 Med. Jrnl. XII. 64 Wrapping up the part in several folds of flannel. 1838 T. Thomson ( hem. Org. Bodies 116 It must be.. dried between folds of blotting paper. e. In a serpent’s body : A coil. 1592 Shaks. Ven. Sf Ad. 879 An adder Wreath’d vp in fatall folds. 1667 Milton P. L. ix. 498-9 Circular base of rising foulds, that tour’d Fould above fould a surging Maze. 1697 Creech Manilius 1. 14 Secure from meeting they’re distinctly roll’d, Nor leave their Seats, and pass the dreadfull fold [of the constellation Draco\ 1884 W. C. Smith Kil- drostan 93 Serpents.. clasp you in their folds. f. A length (of string) between two bends. 1839 G. Bird Nat. Philos. 69 Each fold of string sustains a share of the weight g. Building. (See quot.) 1842 Gwilt Encycl. Arch. § 2172 Floors, .which are folded, that is when the boards are laid in divisions, whose side vertical joints are not continuous, but in bays of three, four, five, or more boards in a bay or fold. 2 . Something that is or may be folded; a leaf of a book, a sheet of paper, one of the leaves of a folding-door. . £1315 Shoreham 91 Ase hyt hys in holye boke I-wryten ine many a felde [‘tread fealde; the rimes are y-halde, tealde, ealde]. 1624 Massinger Pari. Love in. ii, As I, in this fold—this—receive her favours. 1667 Milton P. L. i. 724 The dores Op'ning thir brazen foulds. 1808 J. Barlow Coluntb. iii. 683 The wide gates receive their rapid flight. The folds are barr’d. + 3 . ? A wrapping, covering. Obs. 1497 Will of Sympson (Somerset Ho.), A folde and a standard of Mayle. 1633 Ford Broken Heart iii. v, That remedy Must be a winding-sheet, a fold of lead, And some untrod-on corner in the earth. 4 . The action of folding; + a clasp or embrace. 1606 Shaks. Tr. Sf Cr. iii. iii. 223 Weake wanton Cupid Shall from your necke vnloose his amorous fould. 1885 Crane Bookbinding iv. 33 Still another fold gives a ‘ 32mo ’. 5 . The line or mark made by folding. 1840 Lardner Geom. 18 Both coincide with the fold of the paper. 6. The words manifold, threefold, etc. (see -fold suffix ) have occasionally been viewed (erroneously) as syntactical combinations of the adjs. with the present sb. Hence the following uses: t a. Many a fold — many times, with many repe¬ titions. Obs. c 1400 Melayne 445 Thay caste one it full many a folde. £1420 Citron. Vilod. 306 And honkede berfore God mony a ffolde. 1503 Hawes Examp. Virt. lxxxii. (Arb.) 22 Set with dyamondes many a fold. + b. By many a fold: in manifold proportion, many times over. So by foldes seven. Obs. c 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4300 Clerere than is the sonne shalle be, be faldes seven, c 1460 Tozvneley Myst. (Sur¬ tees) 20 More bi foldes seven then I can welle expres. 1577 Harrison England 11. iii. (1877) 1. 73 The towne of Cambridge, .exceedeth that of Oxford, .by manie a fold. c. One portion of a 1 manifold * thing. 1826 E. Irving Babylon I. ii. 77 Which fourfold chain of evidence, upon any single fold of which I am willing [etc.]. 1839 R. Philip Life W. Milne I. 22 It stopped his basket¬ making before he got through two folds of the ‘ Fourfould State ’. f Fold, sbA Obs. rare. Also foold(e. 1 The mountain-ash (app. rendering L. omits'). c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 1021 Ook, fold, and birche. Ibid. iii. 770 Foolde, ashes, quynce. Fold (fi? l, ld), vd Pa. t. and pa. pple. folded (fju-lded). Forms: Infill. 1 fealdan, Northumb. (Se)falda, 3-5 fald(e(n, 3-6 folden, (5 -yn), 4 felde, south, viealde, 4-6 south, volde, 5-7 fould, 6-9 Sc. fald, fauld, 9 dial, faud, 5- fold. Pa. t. str. 1 f6old, 4-5 feld(e, 6 fald. wk. 4-5 foldid. (5 -et, -it), 6- folded. Pa. pple., str. 1 fealden, 3-7 fold(e(n, (4-6 -in, -un, -yn, 7 foulden), 3 south, volden, 3-4 fald(e(n, (6 fauden), 5 y-falt, folte, (6 fait), fould. wk. 4 foldid, 6-7 foldit, (6 folted), 7 foulded, 4- folded. [Com.Teut. reduplicating strong vb.: OE. fealdan = MDu. vouden (Du. vouwen), OHG. faldan, faltan (MHG. valten, Ger. fallen), ON. falda (pa. t. ftlt), Goth. fafyan (pa. t .faifalp) OTeut. *falpan, f. *falp pre-Teut. *plt-, found in Lith. pleta I plait, Gr. 5 t- Tra\Tos, also bi-irXaoios (:-*-pltiyos) double ; ac¬ cording to Brugmann an extended form of the root pi - (in Gr. a-ir\6-os, simple, lit. ‘ one-fold ’) of which another extension appears in Gr. ir\e/c-€tv, L. plic- are to plait, fold. In OE. and early ME. the forms are those of a strong vb.; from 15th c. on¬ wards weak forms were developed, and the vb. is now conjugated entirely as weak ; cf. Da .folde.} FOLD. 386 FOLDAGE. 1 . traits. To arrange (a piece of cloth, a surface, etc.), so that one portion lies reversed over or alongside another; to double or bend over upon itself. Also with in, over, together . Often con¬ textually implying repeated action of this kind. To fold up : to close or bring into a more compact form by repeated folding. c 888 K. Alfred Boeth. xli. § 3 God scipstyra ongit mi- celne wind hreose aer aer hit weor|?e, and haet fealdan \>x.t sejl. a iooo Riddles xxvii. 7 (Gr.) Mec [a parchment] fingras feoldon. a 1250 Ozol Night. 1324 On ape mai a hoc bi-halde, An leves wenden, and eft folde. 13.. Coer de L. 3497 Whenne they hadde eeten, the cloth was folde. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxi. 213 He opened the letter that he had folden afore to geder. 1535 Coverdale Ezek. xli. 23 Euery dore had two litle wickettes which were folden in one vpon another on euery syde two. 1621 Ainsworth Annot. Rental. Exod. xiii. 9 These foure sections, .written on parchment, folden up they.. tyed to the forehead. 1707 Curios, in Husb. Gard. 87 During, .the Night, they join and fold in their Leaves. 1712 Addison Sped. No. 305 iP 9 To open a Letter, to fold it up again. 1840 Lardner Geom. 44 If the triangle be conceived to be folded over. 1878 Browning Poets Croisic 41 Our Rene folds his paper. transf. and pig 1633 Earl Manch. A l Alondo (1636) 122 When death hath foulded up thydayes, all opportunity is past. 1642 Fuller Holy 4* Prof St. 11. x. 26 So hand¬ somely folding up her discourse, that his virtues are shown outwards, and his vices wrapped up in silence. 1677 Crowne Destr. Jerusalem 1. iv. i, Every night their Bodies were not worn, But gently lapt and folded up till morn. 1820 Shelley Let. Gisborne 245 Let his page.. Fold itself up for the serener clime Of years to come. Prov. 1622 Malynes Anc. Lazu-Mercli. 90 Hee that buyeth Lawne before he can fold it, will repent before he hath sold it. b. Geol. To double up (strata). Also intr. for reft. To become doubled up. 1857 Livingstone Trav. xxviii. 570 Making the strata fold over them on each side. 1872 C. King Mountain. Sierra Nev. ix. 185 When the Sierra Nevada and Wahsatch mountains were folded. 1885 Becker in Amer. Jrnl. Sc. Ser. hi. xxx. 208 The result of a tendency to fold carried beyond the limit of elasticity of the rock. C. To bend or turn back or down (a portion of something). + To fold off : to bend back and break off. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 111. 774 Or me sette him [a graft] in the tree The tendron and the leves of thou folde. d. Building. (See quot. s.v. Fold sbfi 1 g.) e. intr. To yield to pressure, so as to become folded; to be capable of being folded. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvn. xxvii. (1495) 620 That cassia is best that brekyth not soone but bendyth and foldeth. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. 194 Having a joint in the middle, it folds. + f. traits. To roll up, as a scroll. Obs. 1382 Wyclif Luke iv. 20 Whanne he hadde closid [v.r. folded, or closed] the book. C1400 St. Alexius (Laud 622) 932 A book in his honde he halt Swi)?e fast, & nareweyfalt. 1561 Daus tr. Bullinger on Apoc. (1573) 283 Heauen fled backe, and was folden vp lyke a scrolle. 2 . trans. To place in a spiral or sinuous form; to coil, wind. Now only with const, about, round , or the like. Also intr. for refl. 1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 346/2 The deceiuers double and folde in themselues like serpents, c 1650 Mer- line 1465 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 467 Beneathe the stones under the Mold tow dragons Lyen there fould. 1816 J. Wilson City of Plague 11. iv, Thus I fold one arm Round thy blest neck. 1833 Tennyson Poems 6, I dare not fold My arms about thee. 1842 — Talking Oak 148 When I feel about my feet The berried briony fold. 1842 — Day-dream, Departure i, On her lover’s arm she leant, And round her waist she felt it fold. + b. intr. Of a stream: To take a winding course. £-1420 Pallad. on Husb. in. 557 So that the towne water doune folde Streght hem amonge. + 3 . trans. To cause to bend; hence, to throw down, overthrow; also, to overcome. (Cf. mod. double up.) fig. To prevail upon by entreaty. c 1205 Lay. 20077 Feollen \>a uaeie uolden to grunde. c 1330 King of Tars 1118 The feendes strengthe to folde. £1430 Syr Try am. 326 Fourti Syr Roger downe can folde. + 4 . To bend, bow (oneself, the body, or limbs). a 1300 Cursor M. 8965 (Cott.) To \>e tre sco can hir fald. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 841 Is bodi a-side he felde. 1571 Hanmer Chron. Irel. (1633) 17 A red Lyon Rampant, with his taile folden towards his backe. a 1605 Montgomerie Misc. Poems li. 35 Befoir Europe, .he his feit did fauld. fig- *578 Ps. lxxvii. in Scot. Poems 16th C. II. 109 They .. hes vs left all foldit into cair. + b. intr. for refl. Of the body or limbs: To bend, crook, double up, yield. Also, of a person : To bow, bend down, crouch, drop down. Obs. 13. .Maximon iv. in Rel. Ant. I. 120 Care and kunde of elde Maketh mi body felde, That y ne mai stonde upright. 1382 Wyclif Matt. xvii. 14 A man cam to hym, foldid on knees byfore hym, seyinge. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xx. 120 The fyngres J>at freo beo to folden and to clycchen. c 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 98 My legys thay fold, my fyngers ar chappyd. t 5 . intr. To give way, collapse; to fail, falter. a 1250 07 ul <$* Night. 37 And fait mi tonge. a 1300 Cursor M. 24348 (Cott.) In suime al falden dun i fell, c 1325 Song of Mercy 136 in E. E. P. (1862) 122 Vr feij> is frele to flecche and folde. c 1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 73 My lymes foulden J?at weren fast. 1596 Spenser Hymn Heavenly Beautie 7, I. .feele my wits to faile, and tongue to fold. + b. To succumb, yield ground. Obs. c 1400 Rowland 4* O. 1250 Charlies me thynke that thou scholdeste folde. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 84 Thir harbour bodeis.. Docht nocht of force than for to gar ws fald. a 1625 A. Garden Theat. Scot. Kings (Abbotsf. Club.) 14 Thou forced for to fald Such as deboir’d from thy Obedience darre. f c. To swerve or turn aside (from truth, etc.). £1380 Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 126 He shulde teche |?es worldly men. .to drede to folde fro treuj>e as Pilat dide. 1450 Henryson A/or. Fab. 42 For prayer or price trow yee that they wald fald. 6. trans. To lay (the arms, etc.) together, so as to overlap; to clasp (one’s hands) together. Also intr. for refl. c 1000 jElfric Gen. xlix. 32 He feold his fet [Vulg. col- legit pedes suos] uppan his bedd. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus iv. 331 (359) With his armes folden. 1535 Coverdale Prov. vi. 10 Yee. .folde thine handes together yet a litle, that thou mayest slepe. 1632 Lithgovv Trav. v. 205 They..sit downe on the ground, folding their feete vnder them. 1697 Collier Ess. Alor.Subj. 11.(1703)114 Envy, .folds its arms in despair. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. 1. § 5 Alciphron stood..with his arms folded across. 1821 Shelley Prometh. Unb. 1. 222 My wings are folded o’er mine ears. 1849 C. Bronte Shirleys. 142 Her head drooped, her hands folded. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. ii, She folds her hands in the manner of a supplicating child. b. 1 absol. = To fold the hands (app. given as an uneducated use). 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 11. xiv, ‘ I’d far sooner be. .tiring of myself out, than a-sitting folding and folding by the fire.’ t 7 . To plait; to mat (hair). Obs. 1382 Wyclif A/att. xxvii. 29 Thei foldynge a crowne of thornis. 1535 Coverdale Song Sol. vii. 5 The hayreof thy heade is like the kynges purple folden vp in plates. 1555 Eden Decades 43 Images of gossampine cotton foulded or wrethed. 1563-87 Foxe A. <$• M. (1596) 936/2 He remained so long manicled that his haire was folded togither. fb. fig. To attach, plight (faith). Obs. c 1340 Gaw. <$■ Gr. Knt. 1783 Bot if 3e haf a leinman, a leuer, }?at yow lyke better, & folden fayth to \>at fre, festned so harde \>at you lausen ne lyst. + c. intr. To be suitable or accordant. Obs. c 1340 Gaw. <§• Gr. Knt. 359 Sy)>en }>is note is so nys, \>a.t no}t hit yow falles, & I haue frayned hit at yow fyrst, foldez hit to me. Ibid. 499 pe forme to \>e fynisment foldez ful selden. 8. To enclose in or as in a fold or folds ; to cover or wrap up; to swathe, envelop. Now only const. in ; formerly const, with , and simply. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. A 434 Knelande to grounde [ho] folde vp hyr face, c 1394 P. PI. Crede 126 Seynt Fraunces him-self schall folden the in his cope, c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 168 per ben manye maner causis whi pat guttis ben folde with nerves. 1530 Comedy Beauties Women C j, I thynk he be xxiiii. yeres of age, I saw hym born and holpe for to fold hym. 1594 Marlowe & Nashe Dido 1. ii, The rest, we fear, are folded in the floods. 1697 Dryden Alneid vii. 496 With his circling volumes folds her hairs. 1707 Curios, in Husb. Gard. 333 The Seed is the Plant folded and wrapt up. 1854 B. Taylor Poems Orient , On the Sea (1866) 162 The mountain isles.. Folded in shadows gray. fig- X S9° Greene Orl. Fur. Wks. (Rtldg.) 92/1 Folding their wraths in cinders of fair Troy. 1593 Shaks. Lucr. 1073,1 will not.. fold my fault in cleanly coin’d excuses. 1649 W. Bradford Plymouth Plant. 11. (1856) 276 These busi¬ nesses were not .. well understood of a longe time, but foulded up in obscuritie. 1878 Gilder Poet <$• A/aster 36 Then must I.. In myself fold me. b. Of the surrounding medium: To serve as a wrapping for. poet. 1592 Shaks. Ven. <$• Ad. 822 So did the..night, Fold in the obiect that did feed her sight. 1793 Southey Tri. Woman 389 The purple robe of state thy form shall fold. 1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 15 Paper, .purchas’d, brown sugar to fold. 1830 Tennyson Dirge i, Shadows of the silver birk Sweep the green that folds thy grave. + c. Of a hostile army : To surround, beleaguer. £1400 Destr. Troy 11263 3our cite is set all aboute With 3our fomen fuerse foldyn with in. + d. To wrap or entangle in a snare. Obs. a 1592 Greene Fr. Bacon (1630) 2 In her tresses she doth fold the lookes Of such as gaze vpon her golden haire. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World 11. § 3. 418 Those perills : within which they were so speedily folded vp. 9 . To clasp (in one's arms, to ones breast ); to embrace. a 1300 Cursor M. 24491 (Cott.) Quen i him had in armes fald. £ 1400 Ywavie <5- Gazu. 1425 He hir in armes hent, And ful fair he gan hir falde. 1593 Shaks. Rich. II, 1. iii. 54 We will descend and fold him in our armes. 1621 Lady M. Wroth Urania 353 [They] together fold in each others armes, sate downe. 1794 Burns Lassie wi the lint-white locks iv, I’ll fauld thee to my faithfu' breast. 1821 Shelley Death Napoleon 21 To my bosom I fold All my sons when their knell is knolled. 1859 T ennyson Idylls, Geraint 99 Not to be folded more in these dear arms. 10 . Comb .: the vb. stem in comb, with a sb., in sense i that can or will fold ’; as fold-net, -skirt. Also fold-up a., adapted to be folded-up. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Fold-net, a sort of Net with which small Birds are taken in the Night. 1855 Browning Men <$• Worn., Saul 21 The tent was unlooped.. I groped my way on Till I felt where the foldskirts fly open. 1894 Wilkins & Vivian Green Bay-tree I. 23 The famous Harrow fold-up bed. Fold (fyuld), z>.2 Also 5 fooldyn, 6 folde, 8 Sc. fauld, 9 dial. faud. [f. Fold sb.-~\ 1 . trans. To shut up (sheep, etc.) in a fold, to pen ; occas. with up ; also absol. Of hurdles: To serve for penning. (In OE. once intr. to make or set up sheepfolds.) a noo Gerefa in Auglia(i%86) IX. 261 Faldian, fisewerand mylne macian. c 1440 Promp. Parz'. 168/2 Fooldyn, or put beestys in a folde, caulo. 1565 Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Clando, To folde with hurdels. 1590 Nashe Pasquil's Apol. 1. D iv, God commaunded his people to be folded vp, and to stand within the barres. 1600 Surflet Countrie Farme 1. xxvi. 165 By folding them [goats] vpon. .fallowes in the summer time. 1634 Milton Comns 93 The star that bids the shep¬ herd fold Now the top of Heav’n doth hold. 1661 Webster & Rowley Thracian Wonder 1. B iij, Let’s make haste to fold up our flocks. 1765 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. in. (ed. 2) 380 It is a custom, in some places, to fold sheep and cattle, for the sake of their dung. 1822 Rogers Italy , Alonte Cassino 32 Counts, as he folds, five hundred of his sheep. 1842 Johnson Farmer s Encycl s.v. Hurdle, A dozen and a half hurdles will fold 30 sheep. 1842 Bischoff Woollen Manuf. II. 137 We never fold our merino or other sheep, the land is too wet. 1894 Times 6 Mar. 4/1 Flock masters are folding on it [rye] early. b. fig .; esp. in spiritual sense. Cf. Feed v. 2. 1826 Macaulay Dies Irx 51 Fold me with the sheep that stand..at thy right hand. 1871 Macduff Mem. Patmos xiv. 192 The Lamb, .shall, .guide them, fold them. 1887 Pall Mall G. 18 Oct. 1/2 These hitherto wandering sheep are in process of being folded into the comprehensive pastures of the national religion. 2 . To place sheep in a fold or folds upon (a piece of ground), for the purpose of manuring it. To fold off ; to use (a crop) as pasture for folded sheep. 1671 St. Foine Improved 3 The Men of the Vale might.. desire that those of the Hill-country might not Fold, or Dung their Ground, or Sow any Corn. 1759 tr. Duhamel's Husb. 11. i. (1762) 127 Two contiguous pieces of ground., had been folded. 1794 J. Boys Agric. Kent 37 The clover being again folded off. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. II. 61 When his grass fields have been partially folded with sheep. Hence Folded ppl. a. Also Polder, one who folds sheep; a shepherd. 1571 W. Elderton Epit. on Jewel in Farr 6*. P. Eliz. (1845) II. 512 Alas ! is Juell dead, the folder of the flocke ? 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. Epil., From the falsers fraud his folded flocke to keepe. 1607 Tofsell Four-f Beasts 74 Among folded beasts. 1725 Pope Odyss. ix. 257 The folded flocks. 1801 J. Bree Derzuent Water iii, What time the folder hears the mandrake's moan. Fold, var. form of Foud. -fold, suffix (OE. -feald, Northumb. fald , ME. -fald, -fold), corresponds to OFris., OS. fald (Du. - voud ), OHG. fait (MHG. -valt, mod.Ger. fait), ON. -faldr (Sw. fald , Da. fold), Goth, falfis; cognate with Fold v. 1 , and with the equivalent Gr. -ttclXtos, --nXaaios, also, more remotely, with Gr. - 7 t\o- in air\6s single, 8in\6s double ( = L. duplus ), and probably with the L. (sim-, du -, tri-) plex. Like the Gr. and L. equivalents, the Teut. suffix is appended to cardinal numerals (and adjs. meaning i many’), forming adjs. of which the primary sense is ‘ folded in two, three, four, etc.,’ or ‘ plaited of two, three, four, etc. strands’ (cf. ‘a threefold cord’), but which serve also and chiefly as arith¬ metical multiplicatives. The OE. forms, twi - 9 twio-, twiefeald, tirifeald, fytieffeald, which retain the combining form of the cardinal inherited from OTeut., were superseded in early ME. by new formations on the analogy of fivefold, etc., where the cardinal has the normal form. The adjs. were already in OE. used absol. in the neut. (e.g. Arifeald threefold, three times as much) and as advbs. ( = doubly, triply, etc.), and these uses still continue. In OE. the adverbial notion was also expressed by phrases like be fiffealdum, be manigfealduni, in later Eng. f by fivefold, by manifold. The introduction of the Romanic synonyms double and treble or triple , to which were after¬ wards added the adapted Latin quadruple, quintgiple, etc., has considerably narrowed the use of the derivatives in fold ; indeed the latter seem to be (in many dialects) no longer current among illiterate people. In educated use the strictly multiplicative sense survives chiefly in the adv. and quasi-sb., and with reference to somewhat large numbers (‘ He has repaid me tenfold *; 1 that is a thousandfold worse’); the adjs. express rather a plurality of things more or less different, than mere quantitative multiplication: cf. * a double charm ’ with ‘ a two-fold charm ’. In ME. a few new and unanalogical compounds were formed with the suffix, as thick-fold ( = frequent, -ly), double-fold ; but these did not survive into the modern period. Of the nonce-combinations, formed by attaching -fold to indefinite numerals, interrogatives, and the like, the following quots. afford examples. 1695 Alingham Geom. Epit. 63 The quantitie of propor¬ tion is more generally defined by hozu much fold rather than by how many times the consequent is contained in the antecedent. 1833 N. Arnott Physics (ed. 5) II. 78 The effect was found to be several fold greater than of steam from the same quantity of fuel. 1879 H. George Progr. <$■ Pov. 11. iii. (1881) 115 All of the things which furnish man's subsistence have the power to multiply many fold. Foldable (fo« ldab’l), a. [f. Fold v. 1 + -able.] That may be folded. 1893 Nat. Observ. 13 May 645/2 All foldable tissues, .will own their sway. t Foldage 1 (f^lded^). Obs. [f. Fold sb . 2 + -age. Cf. Faldage.] a. = Faldage. b. The practice of feeding sheep in movable folds. I 533”4 Act 25 Hen. VIII. c. 13 § 7 Euerie personne.. which, .shal haue. .libertie of foldage. 1628 Coke On Liti. 11. x. § 170 To haue .. Franke foldage. .a man may make a Title by vsage. 1657 Sir H. Grimstone in Croke’sRep. 1 .475 Land which was.. made good by foldage,or other industrious means. FOLDAGE. 387 FOLIACEOUS. Foldage 1 (ft. Venice 316 The Parasol, the * Folding-Chair, the Cushions. 1884 F. M. Crawford Rom. Singer I. 24 They bring strange little fold¬ ing chairs. 1875 Southward Diet. Typogr., *Folding chases, two or more chases, constructed in such a manner that when laid together they form one large chase. 1842 Gvvilt Encycl. Arch. Gloss., * Folding Joint, a joint made like a rule-joint or the joint of a hinge. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 900 * Folding-net, a bird-net shutting upon its prey. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, * Folding-screen, an upright portable screen, in several leaves or parts, which shuts up. 1480 Will Don (Somerset Ho. 1 , A ^folding spone of siluer. I 34 ° Ayenb. 239 Ane *uyealdinde stole. 1705 Hickeringill Priest-cr. 11. iii. 29 One of them, .flung a little folding Stool, whereon she sat, at the Dean’s Head. 1502 Bury Wills (Camden) 93 The beste *faldyng table. 1532 Inv. in Noakes Wore. Mon. Cathedr.{ 1866) 157 A voldyng table with two leves. Podding doo'r. [f. Folding ppl. a. + Door.] A door consisting of two parts hung on opposite jambs, so that their edges come into contact when the door is closed. Now usually pi. in same sense. In the mod. sense of the adj. the name is more appropriate when, as is often the case, each of the parts of the door con¬ sists of two or more leaves, hinged so as to fold up when the door is open. ‘ Folding doors ’ are often used to form a removable partition between two adjacent rooms ; hence the term is sometimes loosely applied to a partition used for the same purpose, but opened by lateral sliding of its parts. 1611 Cotgr. s.v. Bat ant , A foulding, or two leaued doore. 1723 Chambers tr. Le Clerc’s Treat. Archit. I. 102 In one of the Folding-doors is usually a Wicket. 1794 Mrs. Rad- cliffe Myst. Udolpho xix, Through a folding-door she passed from the great hall to the ramparts. 1829 Univer¬ sity Instr. in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) III. 103 The four Schools, .are. .to communicate with each other .. by large double folding doors. 1838 Lytton Calderon i, The folding-doors were thrown open. 1882 Ouida Maremma I. 125 A double or, as it is commonly termed, folding-door. So Folding 1 gates. 1824 Scott Redgaunt let Let. xi, ‘ They rode, .through the muckle faulding yetts.’ 1870 Bryant Ilicul I. xii. 397 The beams that strengthened the tall folding-gates. Foldless (fWldles), a. i [f. F old sb 2 + -less.] Having no fold or pen. 1822 Milman Martyr of Antioch 38 Who shall lead The foldless sheep to life’s eternal pastures When their good shepherd’s gone ? 1895 W. Watson Purple East vi, Christ’s foldless flock, shorn of their fleece. Foldless (f^h‘Idles), a 2 [f. Fold sb. 3 + -less.] Without a fold or crease. 1845 Mrs. Norton Child Isi. (1846) 131 One foldless mantle. 1850 Browning Xmas Eve <5* Easter Day 217 To have it [a curtain] go Foldless and flat along the wall. Foldure (fiMdiiu). rare — 1 , [f. Fold v . 1 -4- -ure.] The action or process of folding. 1823 Lamb Lett. (1888) II. 72 My letters are generally charged as double at the Post Office, from their inveterate clumsiness of foldure. Foldy (ftfu ldi), a. [f. Fold sb. 3 + -yL] Full of folds, hanging in folds. a 1851 Joanna Baillie (Ogilv.), Those limbs beneath their foldy vestments moving. Foie, obs. form of Foal, Foil, Fool. t Foleant, pple. Obs.— 1 [ad. OF. foliant, foleiant, pr. pple. of folier, foleier, to Fool.] Playing the fool. 1340 Ayenb. 244 Huet y-zyxt J?ou foleant uor to zeche diuerse guodes to bine zaule and to bine bodye. tFolebayrie. Obs .— 1 [a. OF. foie baerie {foie, fem. of fol foolish + baerie lit. ‘ gaping ’, whence eagerness, f. baer to gape.)] 1340 Ayenb. 17 Folebayrie bet we clepieb ambicion. Folet: see Folt. Obs. + Foleye*, v. Obs. [ad. OF. foleier, folier, foloier, f. fol foolish.] intr. To act foolishly, play the fool. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. iii. pr. ii. 67 And foleyen swyche folk panne, b at wenen b at [etc.]. c 1420 Hoccleve To Richard Dk. of York xlv, If that I in my wrytynge foleye, As I do oft. ? a 1500 Ragman Roll 60 in Hazl. E. P. P. I. 72 That with your bode foleyed han ye. Folghthe, var. f. Fullought Obs., baptism. II Folia 1 (f^ u ‘lia), sb.pl. [pi. of Y. folium leaf.] 1 . Bot. In Latin sense: Leaves (of a plant). 1730-6 Bailey (folio), Folia [in Botany], the leaves of plants and flowers, but more properly of plants. 1861 J. R. Greene Man. Anim. Kingd., Cedent. 191 Many species spread out in broad leaves or folia. 2 . Laminae or thin layers. 1796 Kirwan Elem. Min. I. 155 Fracture, undulatingly foliated, or the folia exceedingly thin. 1854 Hooker Himal. Jrnls. I. xvii. 408 Zigzag folia of quartz. 1882 Geikie Text-bk. Geol. 11. 11. § 3. 88 Wavy layers or folia. II Folia- (falra). [Sp.; lit. ‘folly’, a. F. folie.] A Spanish dance similar to the fandango. Also, music for such a dance. 1772-84 Cook Voy. (1790) II. 413 The dances practised here are sarabands and folias. Foliaceous (f^lii^’Jbs), a. Also 7 folea- ceous, 8-9 foliacious. [f. L. folidee-us leafy, f. folium leaf: see -aceous. Cf. Yv.foliace.] 1 . a. Having the appearance or nature of a leaf; leaf-like. Of certain cryptogamous plants: Having organs resembling leaves, f Of a flower: Having petals. 1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus iii. 134 Seeds themselves in their rudimentall discoveries, appear in foliaceous surcles. 1668 Wilkins Real Char. 70 Herbs.. Not flowring; (i.) not having any foliaceous flower. 1756 P* Browne Jamaica (1789) 128 The largest foliaceous Cyperus. 1806 J. Galpine Brit. Bot. 335 Teeth of the calyx foliaceous. 1861 H. Mac¬ millan Footn. Page Nat. 23 Mosses belong to the foliaceous . .division of flowerless plants. 1877 Darwin Forms of FI. iii. 116 The foliaceous stigma is more expanded. 49-2 388 FOLIE. FOLIAGE. b. Bearing leaves, leafy; having an abundance | of foliage, rare. 1677 Coles, Foliaceous, leavy. 1800 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. X. 318 Some withering words would drop from the foliaceous tree of our language. c. Of or pertaining to a leaf or leaves, consisting of leaves. 1816 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. xii. 378 A foliaceous or fari¬ naceous diet. 1870 H. Macmillan Bible Teach, vii. 134 The study of plants in which it [the stem] departs from the normal form, will clearly indicate its foliaceous origin. 2. Consisting of, or having the character of, thin leaf-like plates or laminae. 1728 Woodward Fossils I. 1. 163 A blue talky foliaceous spar. 1766 Phil. Trans. LVI. 37 The metal is. .found, .in a foliaceous manner issuing out of the quartz. 1770-4 A. Hunter Georg. Ess. (1803) I. 231 Flakes of foliaceous talc. 1861 Hulme tr. Mo quin- Tandon 11. in. ii. 86 The shell [of the Oyster] is attached, .foliaceous, rough. 3. Zool. & Ent. Shaped or arranged like leaves. 1828 Stark Elent. Nat. Hist. II. 170 A foliaceous appen¬ dage at the origin of the feet which surround the mouth. 1854 Woodward Mollusca (1856) 276 Valves foliaceous, the upper smallest. 1879 Wright Aniitt. Life 59 The bats of this family have .. foliaceous cutaneous appendages sur¬ rounding the nasal apertures. Hence Foliaceousness, the condition or quality of being foliaceous. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. Foliage (fiMiied^), sb. Forms : 6-7 foillage, 7 folliage, fuellage, (9 dial, foilage), 7 - foliage. [An altered form (after L .folium leaf, or its Eng. derivatives) of foillage , a. F. feuillage (earlier fueillage , foillage) i.feuille leaf: see Foil sb . 1 and -AGE.] 1. The leaves (of a plant or tree) collectively; leafage. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 25 There is not an hearbe .. that taketh vp greater compasse with fuellage than doth the Beet. 1708 Philips Cyder 1. 384 Swelling Buds their od’rous Foliage shed. 1784 Cowper Task vi. 144 These naked shoots ..Shall put their graceful foliage on again. 1858 Glenny Card. Every-day Bk. 175/1 Bulbs are too frequently attacked by vermin when allowed to remain in the ground after the foliage has died down. 1867 Miss Braddon Aur. Floyd i. 5 Labouring men’s cottages, gleaming white from the surrounding foliage. transf. and fig. 1747 Gould Eng. Ants 53 You will, .ob¬ serve on each Side of its Breast a small white Foliage of Wings. 1850 Hawthorne Scarlet L. xiii. (1883) 197 The light and graceful foliage of her character. 2. In Art\ The representation of leaves, etc. used for decoration or ornament. 1598 Florio, Fogliami. .foillage, or branched worke. 1664 Evelyn tr . Freart's Archit. xxxiv. 80 The foliage which domineers in the Freeze. 1762-71 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) III. 150 The simplicity of the carver’s foliage at once sets off.. the glare of Verrio’s paintings. 1874 Parker Goth. Archit. 1. iv. 119 Foliage is by no means an essential feature of the^ Early English style. 1879 Sir G. G. Scott Lect. Archit. I. 80 Foliage, .most beautifully carved. b. A representation of a cluster of leaves, sprays, or branches. ? Obs. 1699 Garth Dis/ens. 66 A Foliage of dissembl’d Senna leaves Grav’d round its Brim. 1730 A. Gordon Maffeis Amphith. 371 Foliages, or Branch-work. 1801 Coxe Tour Monmouthsh. I. 74 A semicircular arch, ornamented with a foliage of twisted branches. 3. attrib . and Comb., as foliage-border , -stem, -trimming ; foliage-bound adj. Also, foliage crop (see quot. 1831 ); foliage leaf, a leaf in the re¬ stricted sense of the word, excluding petals and other modified leaves; foliage plant, one culti¬ vated for its foliage and not for its blossom. 1891 Daily News 2 July 6/1 A Louis XVI octagonal gold box, *foliage borders and ^amber-coloured panels. 1805 Scott Last Minstr.vi. xxiii, Shone every pillar ^foliage- bound. 1831 Loudon Encycl. Agric. 1243/2 * Foliage crops , plants cultivated for their leaves to be used green, and which will not make into hay, as the cabbage tribe. 1872 Oliver Elem. Bot. 1. i. 4, I use the term *foliage-leaves at present simply in order to avoid confusion with the leaves of which flowers are composed. 1882 Vines Sachs' Bot. 634 Ihe cotyledons remain thin like shortly stalked foliage- leaves. 1862 Times 10 Apr., * Foliage plants.. produce the effect required of them throughout the whole period of their growth. 1884 Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 122 The rhizome and *foliage-stem may be similar or dissimilar. 1818 La Belle A ssemblee XVII. 36/6 A ^foliage trimming of pale blue satin. Foliage (fou liiedg), k. [f. prec. sb.] tram. To adorn with foliage or with a representation of leaves and flowers. 1836 in Smart. 1846 P. Parley's Ann. VII. 64 The tombs.. are inlaid with wreaths of flowers, and foliaged in their natural colours. Foliaged (fo"-li|ed^d), ppl. a. [f. Foliage sb. and v. + -ED.] 1. Decorated or ornamented with the representa¬ tion of foliage. 1754 A. Drummond Trav. ii. 58 An huge composite foliaged column, a 1763 Shenstone Economy III. 40 Replete with dust The foliag a velvet. 1831 Fraser's Mag. IV. 282 The foliaged frieze re-echoing., the idea of the capital. 2. Covered or furnished with (natural) foliage. 1815 Shelley A taster 464 Some inconstant star Between one foliaged lattice twinkling fair. 1859 Cornwallis New World I. 175 The trunks were charred, but their foliaged tops had escaped the fiery element. Foliageous (OHi? i- dg 3 s), a. [f. Foliage sb. + -ous.] Containing representations of foliage. 1882 Athenaeum 3 June 704/1 The scroll-work upon them [Northumbrian stone crosses] is foliageous. c 1890 J. R. Allen Notes Monum. Wilts 2 Foliageous terminations are introduced. Folial (filial), a . [f. L. foli-um leaf + -al.] = next. 1878 G. D. Boardman Creative Week 314 (Cent. Diet.), Wolff in 1759..asserted the community of structure in the folial and the floral leaves. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex., Folial Cycle , the mode of arrangement of leaves on an axis. Foliar (filial), a. [ad. mod.L. folidris, f. L. folium leaf. Cf. Fr. foliaircl\ Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a leaf. 1875 Darwin Insectiv. PI. xv. 358 In innumerable instances foliar organs move when excited. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. iii. § 3. 54 Whatever subtends a lateral axis or branch may be taken for a leaf or foliar production. 1884 Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 284 In many Ferns the original axile bundle widens out..into a tube, which, .has. .a rela¬ tively small slit or foliar gap .. from the margin of which one or several bundles pass into the leaf. Foliate (f. Mag. III. 614 The lens, .a peculiar part of which he intended to foliate. 3. intr. To put forth leaves. 1775 Romans Nat. Ifist. Florida 7 This tardy tree budded, foliated, blossomed. 1893 Q. [Couch] Delect. Duchy 162 The ash was foliating on the 29th of April. 4. trans. To decorate with foils (see Foil sb. 1 2 b). 1812-6 J. Smith Panorama Sc. <$* Art I. 136 There seems to have been little if any attempt at feathering or foliating the heads of Norman doors. 1835 Willis Arch. Mid. Ages 45 There is a. manifest distinction between foiling an arch and foliating it. [He explains that a‘foiled arch’ is one indented^ into a number of small arches ; a ‘ foliated arch ’ is a plain arch with a foiled arch placed below it. But his distinction is seldom recognised.] 1851 Ruskin Stones Ven. (1874) I. i. 13 The Arabs pointed and foliated the arch. 5. trans. To mark the folios or leaves of (a volume, etc.) with consecutive numbers. 1846-7 Maskell Mon. Rit. I. p. cxix, It is regularly foliated to the end, from i. to c. iiij. 1848 Halliwell Acc. Vernon MS. 3 It numbers ff. 412 and 8 ab init.; ff. 311-318, 403-412, not foliated. Hence Fo liating ppl. a. 1835 Willis Arch. Mid. Ages 45 This foliating arch con¬ tinued. .to be treated as an independent order. Foliated (foa li|gited), ppl. a. [f. prec. + -ed b] + 1. = Foliate a. i. Obs. 1666 Boyle Orig. Formes <$• Qual. 11. v. 334 Spirit of Salt .. being heated .. would readily enough dissolve foliated Gold. b. Covered with foil, silvered. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 214 A convex Looking-glass, or foliated Glass-ball. 2. Composed of thin leaf-like layers or laminae. Chiefly Geol. and Min. Foliated earth of tartar, an old name of potassium acetate. 1650 Ashmole Arcanum 205 This Earth is white and foliated, wherein Philosophers doe sow their gold. 1794 Sullivan View Nat. II. 332 Crystals and gems are found to be of a foliated structure. 1833 Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 11 Crystalline precipitates .. with a foliated and stratified structure. 1854 Thomson Cycl. Chem., Foliated Tellurium, Red Telluride of Lead. 1866-7 Livingstone Last Jrnls. (1873) L iv. 85 Near the Lake., mica schist and gneiss foliated. 3. Chiefly Zool. and Cone hoi. Shaped like a leaf or leaves ; in leaf-like forms. See also quot. 1859 . 1846 Patterson Zool. 28 Some of these [‘sea-mats’] .. present a foliated appearance. 1846 Dana Zooph. iv. 83 By growth laterally, the explanate or oblique foli¬ ated species originate. 1854 Woodward Mollusca (1856) 91 Sutures angulated, or lobed and foliated. 1859 Page Handbk. Geol. Terms s. v. Foliated , Certain shells are said to be foliated, when their surfaces are covered with leaf-like projections, as the rose-bush murex. 4. Arch., etc. a. Ornamented with foils. Foliated arch (see quot. 1840 ). b. Consisting of or orna¬ mented with leaf-work or foliage. 1840 Parker Gloss. Archit. (ed. 3), Foliated Arch, an arch with a trefoil, cinquefoil, or multifoil under it. 1849 Brandon Goth. Archit. I. 25 Small shafts with delicately carved foliated caps. 1851 E. Sharpe Seven Periods 25 The earlier Windows exhibit tracery which consists almost exclusively of plain foliated circles. 1886 Ruskin Praeterita I. v. 163 Our parlour table loaded with foliated silver. 5. Furnished with or consisting of leaves, spec. in Her. 1721-90 Bailey, Foliated , Leaved or having Leaves. 1756 P. Browne Jamaica (1789) 128 This plant, .bears a large fo¬ liated top. 1828-40 Berry Encycl. Her. I, Foliated, leaved. 6 . Mus. (See quot.) 1876 Stainer & Barrett Diet. Mus. Terms, Foliated, a melody or portion of plain-song is said to be foliated when slurred notes have been added above or below those of which it originally consisted. 7. Carpentry . Rabbeted. 1874 Knight Diet. MecJu I. 900/2 Foliated-joint (Car¬ pentry), a rabbeted joint, where one part overlies another. Foliation (foulv’jbn). Also 7 -acion. [f. Foliate a .: see -ation and cf. Fr .foliation.] 1. The leafing (of a plant) ; the process of burst¬ ing into leaf; the state of being in leaf. 1623 Cockeram, Foliacion, budding of the leaues. 1779 Mason Eng. Gard. hi. 221 Plants .. rul’d by Foliation’s different law. 1795 Gentl. Mag. 540/1 Between total denuda¬ tion and perfect foliation the rind, .of various trees exhibits various tints. 1864 in Webster. b. concr. +(#) Something resembling a leaf; ( b ) a leaf-like process. 1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus iii. 48 Thus are also disposed the triangular foliations, in the conicall fruit of the firre tree. 1875 Blake Zool. 55 Variously shaped and grotesque membranous foliations. 2. Bot. f a. The assemblage of leaves or petals forming the corolla of a flower. Obs. 1671 [see Attire sb. 8]. 1746-7 Hervey Mcdit. (1818^ 116 Thou wilt not find a rival in the feathers of a peacock, or the foliation of a tulip. b. The formation or arrangement of leaves in the bud ; = Vernation. 1794 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxxi. 485 The foliation, or different folding of the leaves, before they are expanded. 1835 in Lindley Introd. Bot. (1848) I. 176. 1845 — Sell. Bot. iv. (1858) 25 Flowers regular, with, .gyrate foliation. 3. The action or process of beating (metal) into foil. *755 Johnson, Foliation, the act of beating into thin leaves. 1828 in Webster; and in mod. Diets. 4. Geol. The process and the property of splitting up into leaf-like layers; also the laminse or plates into which crystalline rocks are divided. 1851-9 Darwin in Man. Sci. Enq. 283 The foliation of the metamorphic schists .. is intimately connected with the cleavage of homogeneous slaty rocks. 1876 Page Advd. Text-Bk. Geol. viii. 159 Contortions and foliations among the gneiss and mica-schists. 5. Arch. Ornamentation with foils ; tracery con¬ sisting chiefly of small arcs or foils. 1816 [see Feathering vbl. sb. 2 bj. 1849 Freeman A rchit. 280 Foliations hanging free like lace-work. 1853 Ruskin Stones Ven. II. vi, Foliation, .is. .the easiest method of decoration which Gothic architecture possesses. b. An arrangement of foliage. 1875 Pollen Anc. $ Mod. Furn. 85 Figured sculpture, .in the form of. .acanthus foliations. 6 . The consecutive numbering of the folios (or leaves) of a book or MS. 1846-7 Maskell Mon. Rit. II. p. xxiii, These..beginning with fresh signatures, and foliation, may be mistaken for perfect books. 1885 C. Plummer Introd. to Fortescue's Abs. <§• Lim. Mon. 88 Monarchia occupies ff. 172-194 according to the old foliation. 7. The action or process of applying foil to glass. 1828 in Webster ; and in mod. Diets. Folia to-, combining form of L . folidtus Foli¬ ate, in sense * formed like a leaf \ 1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 497 Foliato-explanate at base. Foliator (ftfWii^toi). [f. Foliate v . + -or.] One who foliates or numbers the leaves of a book. 1848 Halliwell Acc. Vernon MS. 3 Ff. 337-60, 369-72 interchanged by the foliator, but rightly bound. Foliature (fa:t folc oferswiS ]rxX ojier folc. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 3 Brytones were he firste folc hat to Engelond come. 1388 Wyclif John xi. 48 Romayns schulencome, andschulen take our place and oure folk. 1535 Coverdalf. 2 Esdras v. 26 Amonge all y« multitudes of folkes thou hast gotten the one people. 1850 Neale Med. Hymns (1867) 24 Met Thee with Palms in their hands that day the folk of the Hebrews. b. transf of animals. (After the Vnlg. and Heb.) FOLK. 390 FOLLICULOSE. 1382 Wyclif Prov. xxx. 26 A litil hare, a folc vnmy3ti. 1535 Coverdale ibid., The conyes are but a feble folke [so 1611 and 1885 (R.V.)J. 2. An aggregation of people in relation to a superior, e.g. God, a king or priest; the great mass as opposed to an individual; the people; the vulgar. Obs. exc. arch. c 888 K. Alfred Bocth. xxx. § 1 Forj?aem is Sacs folces hlisa aelcum men for nauht to habbenne. 971 Blickl. Horn. 35 Swa swa geara beboden waes Codes folce. c 1250 Gen. $ Ex. 2785 Ic haue min foikes pine so^en. a 1300 Cursor M. 12838 (Cott.) Ion..said hat all paa fok moght here, his es [etc.], c 1375 Lay Folks Mass Bk. (MS. B) 43 Til alle ho folk he [preste] shryues him hare of alle his synnes. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour E vii b, The said hoost of the Hebreux. .were al folke of god. 1549-62 Sternhold & H. Ps. c. 247 We are his folke, he doth vs feede. 1863 Longf. Wayside Inn, Olaf vii, Choose ye between two things, my folk. 1886 Academy 7 Aug. 85/2 It. .did not hold back the Bible from the folk. f b. (also pi.) Retainers, followers ; servants, workpeople. Obs. c 1205 Lay. 433 pa lettehe riden vnirimed folc. a 1400-50 Alexander 3053 Dary. .se3is his foke faile. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 377 He founde it kept by the Erie of Darbyes foikes. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. (1586) ir. 71b, Least my foikes labouring in some of them should come into the rest, contrarie to my pleasure. 1581 G. Pettie tr. Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 11586) m. 170 The maister of the house . .ought, .to shewe himselfe more seuere towards his owne folke, then towards others. 1632 J. Hayward tr. Biondis Eromena 68 Wherein (wanting so many of your folke) you could not have defended your selfe. 3. Men, people indefinitely. Also, people of a particular class, which is indicated by an adj. or some attributive phrase. From 14th c. onward the pi. has been used in the same sense, and since 17th c. is the ordinary form, the sing, being arch, or dial. The word is now chiefly colloq ., being superseded in more formal use by people. O. E. Chron. an. 999 pa elkede man fram daege to dasge, & swencte paet earme folc pe on 3 am scipon lagon. a 1225 After. R. 156 Vor te biweopen isleien uolc—pet is, mest al pe world. 1340 Ayenb. 139 pe benes and pe oreysons of guode uolke. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xv. 360 Now failleth pe folke of pe flode And of pe londe bothe. c 1386 Chaucer Knt.'s T. 2035 Upon the steedes, that weren grete and white, Ther seeten folk. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) ir. xlv. (1859) 5 1 Now beholde, and see with goode auyse- ment vpon these foikes. c 1430 Diatorie in Babees Bk. 58 With .iij. maner of folk be not at debate: First with pi bettir. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 311 The masse crede is to be sayd when folcke lye a dyenge. a 1500 Gregory's Chron. (Camd. Soc.) 155 Summys of v c men of armys or of folke of schotte [orig. gens de trait , i.e. archers]. 1565 T. Stapleton Fortr. Faith. 126 Howseling of Christen folcke before deathe. 1619 Crt. <$■ Times Jos. I ( 1849) H. 186 They played three pieces glick, as ordinary folks use to play twopenny glick. 1710 Swift Lett. (1767) III. 71, I have heard wise folks say, An ill tongue may do much. X727 A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. I. xxiv. 297 There were Folks killed in 1723. 1756 Mrs. Calderwood Jrnl. (1884) 83, I could not speak to the folks and ask questions. 1774 A. Adams in J. Q. Adams' Fatn. Lett. (1876) 49 Some folks say I grow very fat. 1774 Franklin Wks. 1887 V. 414 It was the ton with the ministerial folks to abuse them. 1775 Johnson Let. to Mrs. Thrale n June, Folks want me to go to Italy. 1845 S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. II. 29 He is unkind to the poor folk. 1870 Rossetti Poems 100 A decree. .Whereby all banished folk might win Free pardon. 1871 Smiles Charac. i. (1876) 25 The charac¬ ter of a nation is not to be learnt from its fine folks. 1879 Browning Martin Relph 119 It was hard to get at the folks in power. 1882 Ouida Maremma I. 23 The hearts of the folk in Grosseto were sad for his fate. b. Individual persons; individuals. c 1450 Bk. Curtasye 546 in Babees Bk., Thes thre folke and no mo. 1504 Bury Wills (Camden) 97 Substancyall folkys of the seid parych. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 35 Three foikes, viz. two men and a wooman. 1833 Ht. Martineau Berkeley the Banker 1. ii. 31 To think it prudent for these young folks to settle. 4. pi. (exc. dial.) The people of one’s family, parents, children, relatives. 1715 Pattern to true love in Halliwell Yorksh. Anthol. (1851) 414 Our folks will angry be I fear. 1776 J. Q. Adams in Fam. Lett. (1876) 203 All that I could learn of you and my little folks. 1828 Carr Craven Gloss., (ed. 2) Folk, family. ‘ How’s yower folk ’. 1833 Ht. Martineau Loom <$• Lugger 1. i. 15 Your young folks are flourishing, I hope, b. dial. Friends, intimates. 1854 Baker Northampt. Words, s. v., ‘ We’re not folks now.’ 1881 Leicestcrsh. Gloss., s.v., ‘ They’d use to be such folks.’ 5. attrib. and Comb., as \folk-king, \-need. Bcozuulf 2873 (Gr.) Nealies *folc-cyning fyrdgesteallum gylpan porfte. c 1205 Lay. 9501 FareS swide age, to pan folc-kinge. c 1000 Ags. Ps. lxxvii[i], 14 Him ealle niht, oSer beacen, fyres leoma, *folc nede heold. b. esp. in numerous mod. Combs, (formed after Ger. precedent) with the sense ‘ of, pertaining to, current or existing among, the people 5 ; as folk - belief -custom, - literature, -name,-song, -speech, etc. 1850 N. ff Q. 1st Ser. II. 99/2, I believe that one item of folk-faith is that farm-yard odours are healthy. 1864 Reader 1 Oct. 407 The minute notices concerning medicine [etc.], .that are scattered through the pages of our mediaeval biographers will increase our knowledge of the folk-life of the past. 1870 W. E. A. Axon {title) Folk- Song & Folk- Speech of Lancashire. 1880 J. Geikie Prehist. Europe 9 One of those great folk-waves which have successively swept over Europe. 1884 Academy 23 Feb. 126/1 Folk-law is astonishingly conservative. 1891 Athenaeum 10 Oct. 486/3 Those who believe in the origin of folk-tales from the cultured. 6. Special comb.: folk-etymology, usually, the ! popular perversion of the form of words in order to render it apparently significant; folk-free a., having the rights of a freeman ; folk-leasing (OE. Law), public lying, slander; folk-stead (see quot. 1876). 1883 G. Stephens S. Bugge's Stud, on N. Mythol. 28 It does not mend the matter, if, when we have no better argument, we call it *folk-etymology. a 1000 Lazvs Wiht - reed § 8 Gif man his maen an wiofode freols gefe, se sie *folc- fry. 1820 Scott Ivanhoe xxxii, Folkfree and Sacless art thou in town and from town, a 1000 Laws /Elf. § 32 Gif mon *folc-leasunge gewyrce..him mon aceorfe pa tungan. 1771 Burke Powers of Juries in Prosecutions Wks. X. 114 An offence of this species, called Folk-leasing, a 1000 Bcoivulf 76 pa. ic wide gefraegn .. manigre msegpe . .*folc- stede frsetwian. 1876 Mid-Yorks. Gloss., Folks lead, an out-door place of assembly for general purposes. ‘The chapel wouldn’t hold them all, so they made a folkstead of the garth.’ + Folkland. Obs. exc. Hist. A term of OE. law, designating land held by a certain kind of tenure; opposed to Bookland. As to the nature of the antithesis between folkland and bookland there have been many conjectures. Since the publication of Allen's Inquiry into the Growth of the Royal Prerogative, 1830, the prevailing view has been that folkland was land belonging to the state, which the king or the witan might grant to a person for his life, but which did not descend to heirs, while bookland was land held by charter or deed. But in the Eng. Hist. Rev. VIII. | (1893) Prof. Vinogradoff has forcibly argued that folkland was simply land heritable by folkright or common law, while the estate in bookland was conferred by charter or deed, and could be alienated freely. a 1000 Laws Edgar § 2 Oppe on boc-lande oppe on folc- lande. 1641 Termcs de la Ley 54 This land was held with more easie and commodious conditions than Folkeland. 1767 Blackstone Comm. II. 91 Folk-land, .was held by no assurance in writing, but distributed among the common folk or people at the pleasure of the lord. 1830 J. Allen R. Prerog. (1849) I 3 S Folcland, as the word imports, was the land of the folk or people. It was the property of the community. It might be occupied in common, or possessed in severalty; and, in the latter case, it was probably parcelled out to individuals in the folcgemot. But while it continued to be folcland, it could not be alienated in per¬ petuity ; and therefore, on the expiration of the term for which it had been granted, it reverted to the community, and was again distributed by the same authority. 1871 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xvii. 24 The folkland, the common land of the nation, was now [1066-7] changed, fully and for ever, into terra Regis, the land of the King. Folk-lore (f^ u ’k,l6oi). [f. Folk + Lore.] The traditional beliefs, legends, and customs, current among the common people; the study of these. 1846 Ambrose Merton [W. J. Thoms] in Athenaeum 22 Aug. 862/3 What we in England designate as Popular Antiquities, or Popular Literature (though, .it.. would be most aptly described by a good Saxon compound, Folk-Lore, —the Lore of the People). 1862 Ecclesiologist XXIII. 279 Mr. Lee gives us a piece of folks-lore. 1863 Max Muller Chips (1880) II. xxi. 206 A healing virtue is ascribed in German folk-lore to the mistletoe. 1884 A. Lang Custom Myth 11 Properly speaking, folklore is only concerned with the legends, customs, beliefs, of the folk—of the people. Hence Folklorism, a piece of folk-lore; Folk- lo rist, a student of folk-lore. Folkloristic a. 1876 N. <$• Q. 5th Ser. VI. 12/2 Success to the Folk-Lore Society! An Old Folk-Lorist. 1886 Sat. Rev. 28 Aug. 306 The Revue, .contains divers ‘folklorisms’. 1888 Bullen Peele's Wks. I. Introd. 11 The Ghost of Jack ought to be an object of interest to folklorists. 1888 Science XII. 132 Some interesting philological and folk-loristic informa¬ tion. t Fcrlkmoot, folkmote. Obs. exc. Hist. Forms : i folemot, -semot, 5 folkesmot, 6 folck- mote, 6-7 folkemote, (7 erron. falkmoth, 9 folk- muth), 9 folkemote, folcmoot, 6-9 folkmote, 5-9 folkmoot. [OE. folc-m 6 t, -gemot, f. folc , Folk + mit, gemot meeting.] A general assembly of the people of a town, city, or shire. a 1000 Lazos Atheist. (Thorpe) § 12 On para, gerefena gewitnesse on folcgemote [v. r. on folcmote]. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vii. 340 He anone sent Johnne Mancell, one of his iustycys, vnto London ; and there, .callyd at Pawlys crosse a folkmoot. 1529 Rastell Pastyme , Hist. Brit. (1811) 184 Place of sittyng .. appoynted at the Folkmote at Poules crosse. 1596 Spenser F. Q. iv. iv. 6 To which folke-mote they all with one consent .. Agreed to travell, and their fortunes try. 1642 Antid. toprei’ent Civ. Wars 9 Commanders of the Militia in every County were elected, .in a full Falkmoth. 1750 Carte Hist. Eng. II. 112 note. He..directed a folk¬ mote or common hall to be held on Sunday the 27th of that month. 1848 Lytton Harold \\. v, I will ask the King’s leave to go to my East Anglians, and hold a folk- muth. 1892 Tennyson Foresters 1. iii, How should we cope with John? The London folkmote Has made him all but king. Hence + Fo lk-mooter, ? a parochial politician. 1645 Milton Colast. Wks. (1847) 228/1 These matters are not for pragmatics and folkmooters to babble in. t Folkright. Obs. exc. Hist. [OE. folcriht i. folc Folk + riht Right.] 1 Common law, public right, the understood compact by which every free¬ man enjoys his rights as a freeman 9 (Bosw.). a 1000 Lazos Cnut § 1 Heonan-forS laete manna gehwylcne, ; ge earmne ge eadigne, folc-rihtes wyrSe. 1849 Kemble Saxons II. vi. 205 New laws which were to be added to the existing folcriht. [1876 Whitby Gloss., Fooakreeght, public right.] I Folle, Follery, obs. ff. of Foal, Fooleuy. t Fo llial, a. Obs.~ l [f. Folly+ -al; cf. OF. folial (perh. the source).] Foolish. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. x. Iv. 245 Whereto these folliall Traytors did themselues and Senses fit. Follicle (fjrlik’l). Also 7-8 folliacle, S -9 Follicule. [ad. L. folliculus little bag, dim. of follis bellows.] 1. Anat. A small sac. Chiefly, 1 a simple lym¬ phatic gland, consisting of lymphoid tissue arranged in the form of a sac’. (Syd. Soc. Lex.). 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. in. ii. 108 Although there be no eminent and circular follicle, no round bagge or vesicle which long containeth this humor. 1748 Hartley Observ. Man 1. ii. 117 Gall-bladder, Follicles, and Ducts of the Glands. 1830 R. Knox Beclard's Anat. 38 The membranous stomach, furnished with numerous secreting follicles. 1842 Prichard Nat. Hist. Man 95 The hair issues from follicles, by a club-shaped root or bulb. b. =CoDjA A 4b. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. in. iv. 113 These cods or follicles are found in both sexes. [1812 J. Smyth Tract. Customs (1821) 64 Castor.—This is a substance secreted in a follicle situated near the anus of the beaver, perhaps the inguinal gland.] 2. Bot. ‘ A kind of fruit, consisting of a single carpel, dehiscing by the ventral suture only 1 (Lind- ley); formerly used for any kind of capsular fruit. ^1706 Evelyn Sylva xi. (1729) 65 They [the Maples] are all produced of Seeds contained in the Folliacles and Keys, or Birds-Tongues. 1785 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xvi. 219 In most of the genera these fruits are follicles. 1877 Hulme Wild FI. p. x, Fruit a follicle of two elongated capsules. b. A small bag or vesicle distended with air. 1793 Martyn Lang. Bot. s. v. Folliculus, Follicles .. are vessels distended with air: as at the root in Utricularia, and on the leaves in Aldrovanda. 1816-20 Green Herbal II. 784 Two-celled follicles in whorls, in order to support the scape in the water. 1863 Berkeley Brit. Mosses Gloss. 312 Follicle, a little bladder on the leaves, as in Pottia cavifolia. 3. Entom. A cocoon; the covering made by a larva for its protection during the pupa state. 1856-8 W. Ci.abk Van dcr Hoeven's Zool. I. 397 Pupa inclosed in a thin follicle. Follicular (fplrkiz/lai), a. [ad. L .folliculdr-is, f. folliculus : see Follicle and -ar h] 1. Of the nature of, or resembling, a follicle; composed or consisting of follicles; also, provided with follicles. 1677 Plot Oxfordsh. 305 Many other strong scented Animals, .have follicular Repositories or Bags. 1750 Phil. Trans. XLVII. 99 Vascular and follicular minute mem¬ branes. 1830 Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 6 Fruit, .follicular with one or two valves. 1835-6 Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 23 The follicular structure of the glands. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora p. xiii, Crassulaceae.. Fruit follicular. 2. Of or pertaining to a follicle or follicles. 1877 Coues FicrAnim. i. 14 An enormous reservoir, .con¬ taining a considerable quantity of the follicular product. b. Path. Of a disease; Affecting the follicles of a particular organ. *859 J. Tomes Dental Surg. 508 Follicular stomatitis. 1877 Roberts Hatidbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 299 Follicular pharyngitis is often associated with stomach-disorders. 3. In etymol. sense : Of or pertaining to bellows; performed by means of bellows, nonce-tise. 1676 Shadwell Virtuoso 11. Wks. 1720 I. 343 An animal may be preserved without respiration .. by follicular im¬ pulsion of air. Folliculated (fplrkizzteHed), ppl. a. Also folliculate {Cent. Diet.), [as if f. *~folliculatc vb. (f. Follicule + -ate) + -ei> h] 1. Anat. and Bot. Provided with a follicle or follicles. 1775 Ash, Folliculated (adj. in botany) having seed vessels. 1787 Hunter in Phil. Trans. LXXVII. 418 Ending below the thyroid, which is folliculated on its inner surface. 1839 47 Todd Cycl. Anat. III. 572/1 The integu¬ ments. .are. .highly folliculated. 2. Entom. Contained in a follicle or cocoon. 1856-8 W. Clark Van der Hoeven's Zool. I. 404 Pupa smooth, in some folliculated. Follicule (fjrlikizd). Variant of Follicle. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. II. ii. 37 The follicules, or the membrane covering the eggs contained in the ovary. 1848 Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 4) II. 19 The fruit of these plants j is better understood to be a union of several follicules I within a single flower. + Folliculrferous, a. Obs.- 1 [f. L .follicul- ' us + -(i)ferous.] Bearing a follicle or follicles. 1693 Phil. Trans. XVII. 621 Two sorts of Folliculiferous | Willows from Barbados. Folliculitis (fplhkitflai’tis). Path. [f. L .folli- cul-us Follicle + -itis.] Inflammation of a follicle or follicles. i860 Fowler Med. Voc ., Folliculitis, follicular inflamma¬ tion. 1874 Van Buren Dis. Genit. Org. 77 Folliculitis sometimes appears along the urethra. Folliculose (fpli : kiz/le sorfuller sal be pat losen folili has J>at le. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xvii. 234 To teche..how pat folke folyliehe here fif wittes myspenden. c 1449 Pecock Rcpr. h. vi. 171 Thei wolen seie sturdili and folili. 153S Stewart Crou. Scot. I. 600 To quhome the Britis follilie gaif feild. 1598 Stow Surv. xxviii. (1603) 243 From loosing of time follilie in lust, b. Lewdly, unchastely. 13.. [see Felter v. 3 b], C1386 Chaucer Merch. T. 159, I have my body folily dispended. Follow (fp’lriu), sb. [f. next verb.] 1. The action of the verb Follow. 1870 Hardy & Ware Mod. Hoyle , Dominoes 93 It is sometimes an advantage to hold heavy dominoes, as they not unfrequently enable you to obtain what is called a good ‘ follow ’. 1889 Spectator 9 Nov. 635/1 And hark 1 the view- hollo 1 ’Tis Mack in full follow. 2 . Billiards. A stroke which causes the player’s ball to roll on after the object-ball which it has set in motion. Called also follow-stroke, and following stroke. Also, the impulse given to the ball by such a stroke. 1873 Bennett & Cavendish Billiards 371 The reason for playing with side is, that, when the balls are so close, sufficient ‘ follow’cannot be got on. 1881 H. W. Collender Mod. Billiards 38 The Follow-Stroke. Ibid. 39 The ‘ follow ’ can also be executed with the cue delivered as far as one-fourth below centre. 3 . Follow on. Cricket. The act of ‘following on ’ (see Follow v . 19 d); also applied to the innings itself. Also simply follow. i88t Standard 14 June 3/8 A ‘ follow on ' was necessary. 1884 Lillywhite's Cricket Ann. 60 With the follow saved there was no chance of completion of the game. 1892 Sat. Rev. 9 July 33/1 In the follow on things altered very much. Follow (fp'lon), v. Forms: a. 1-2 folgian, 2-3 fol:jie(n, (fol^hi), fole}e(n, (foleli), 3 folien, folhen, 2-4 fol3e(n, (3 Orm. folljhenn, 4 south. uol3e(n, uol^y), 3-5 folew(en, (3 south, uolewen, 4 follew(e), folwe(n, (4 follwe(n), folu(n, folu- w(en, (3 sottth. uoluwen), 4-6 folow(e, foloe, (5 folaw(e, folowe, foloyn, 4-6 fowlow(e, 6 foolow(e), 6 fallow, 4-7 followe, 4- follow. fi. 1-2 fyljan, fyli3an, fyl3ian, fylian, 2-3 fulien, (3 south, pa. t. vnlede), 3-4 fulu(n, fil- 3e(n, flli3(en, filyh(en, filiyh(en, felu(n, 4-5 Slow, fylow, felow, 5 filoe. [The two OE. types, folgian ( 0 - stem) and fylpan {-jo- stem), are, as is usual in similar pairs of conjugational variants, representatives of an OTeut. vb. of the -ejan class ; cf. OFris. folgia, folia , fulia, OS. folgon (D11. volgen), OHG. folgen (MHG. volgen, mod.Ger. folgen ), ON. fylgja (Da. fblge, Sw. folja) ; not recorded in Goth. Beside these forms, several of the Teut. langs. have synonymous and phonetically resembling words which are compounds of Gang and Go vbs. ; OE. has fulgangan, pa. t. ful-pode (from t ’ode, serving as pa. t. of gdii) = OS. fulgau- gan, OHG. folle gdn. The most natural explana¬ tion of these parallel forms is that the apparently simple vb. was originally a compound or a phrasal combination. The first element occurs in OE. fylstan, fullkstan, OYlQ.folleisteti to help, succour, minister to (cf. Goth, laistjan to follow), OHG. follaziohan to assist, support (= OE. *fulteon, whence fultiam, fultum assistance), Goth, fulla- fahjan to worship, serve, minister to the needs of. In these cases the prefix seems to add to the sense of the simple vbs. the notion of doing something by way of service to another (so that sense 3 of the present vb. is probably nearest to the original meaning). It is on formal grounds probable that the prefix is identical with Full ; its function in the above-cited instances is perh. due to the cir¬ cumstance that in some vbs. compounded with it the primary sense of ‘ satisfying ’ developed into the cognate sense of ‘ ministering to 1 serving ’.] I. trans. [In OE. and early ME. the object is usually in the dative case.] 1 . To go or come after (a person or other object in motion); to move behind in the same direction. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. John x. 27 Mine sceap sehyraj? mine stefne, and hi3 folgiah me. c 1200 Ormin 12768 He fand ta Filippe & se33de (mss till himm ; follh me. c 1220 Bestiary 757 Ilk der oe him here 3 .. folejeS him up one 3 e wold, a 1300 Cursor M. 15193 (Cott.) Folus forth bat ilk man Right in to fie bi. c 1386 Chaucer Miller's T. 74 As any kyde or calf folwynge his dame, a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon xlvii. 159 They went all together and foolowed Huon as preuely as they coude. 1598 Shaks. Merry IV. in. ii. 6, I had rather (forsooth) go before you like a man, then follow him like a dwarfe. 1667 Milton P. L. i. 238 Him followed his next Mate. 1850 Prescott Peru II. 200 The remainder of his forces when mustered were to follow him. 1863 Geo. Eliot Romo la in. xxi, It was plain that he had followed her, and had been waiting for her. b. To go forward along (a path), to keep in (a track) as one goes. lit. and fig. a 1300 Cursor II. 4575 (CottJ, I folud si)?en, me-thoght, a sti Vntil a feild. 13.. E, E. Allit. P. A. 127 pe fyrre I fo^ed pose floty valez. c 1385 Chaucer L. G. IV. 2018 Arindue , That .. The same weye he may returne anon, Folwynge alwey the thred as he hath come. 1548 Hall Chron ., Rich. Ill (an. 3) 50 Pleiyng the parte of a good blood hounde, [he] foloed the tract of ye flier, .by y e sent. 1667 Milton P.L. ii. 1025 Sin and Death amain Following his track. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 79 P3, I am Young, and very much inclined to follow the Paths of Innocence. 1825 in Cobbett Rur. Rides (1885) II. 25, I was resolved., not to follow the turnpike road one single inch further. 1874 E. D. Smith tr. Oehler's O. T. Theol. I. § 43. 151 Old Testa¬ ment angelology follows the opposite path. c. phr. To follow the drum : to be a soldier. To follow the hounds : to keep up behind them in the chase; to hunt with hounds. Follow ??iy leader: a game in which each player must do what the leader does, or pay forfeit; also fig. To follow one's nose: to go straight on (without reflexion or preconceived plan). To follow the plough : said of the ploughman. 1650 B. Discolliminium 19 I’le follow Providence, or my Nose, as well as I can. 1674 N. Cox Geiitl. Recreat. v. (1686) 2 Without its Assistance in Dieting and Exercise, no Horse can follow the Hounds .. without hazarding. 1692 Bentley Boyle Led. ii. 34 The main Maxim of his Philosophy was, To trust to his Senses, and follow his Nose. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. 1. § 1 While he..follows the plough, or looks after his flocks. 1785 Burns Jolly Beggars, ‘1 am a son of Mars ’, As when I us’d in scarlet to follow the drum. 1832 Wordsvv. Resol. 4* Independence vii, Following [ed. 1 (1807) behind] his plough, along the mountain-side. 1835 Marryatt Jac. Faithf. xxxviii. One amusement, .was a favourite one of the captain's as it made the men smart. It is called ‘Follow my leader’. 1858 Thackeray Virgin, xvi, It was time to follow the hounds. 1895 Tablet 14 Sept. 408 Englishmen are the last people in the world to play a blind game of follow-my-leader. 2 . fig. To come after in sequence or series, in order of time, etc,; to succeed. a 1300 Cursor M. 4599 (Gott.) Seuen 3ere hunger grett pat oper neist sal be foluand pat neuer was suilk bifor in land. 1659 B. Harris Parivals Iron Age 241 One mis¬ fortune followes another. 1667 Milton P. L. xii. 335 Such follow him, as shall be registerd, Part good, part bad, of bad the longer scrowle. 1728 Pope Dune. in. 321 Signs fol¬ lowing signs lead on the mighty year ! 1802 Ld. Eldon in Vesey’s Rep. VII. 81 This case was followed by The Att.- Gen. v. Doyley. £1817 Hogg Tales 4* Sk. V. 350 Punish¬ ment must follow conviction, not antecede it. i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. vii. 51 Transverse ridges which follow each other in succession. + b. To be second or inferior to. Obs. 1632 Massinger & Field Fatal Dowiy 11. ii, Her educa¬ tion Follows not any. c. To come after or succeed as a consequence or effect; to result from. (Cf. sense 4.) I 593 Shaks. Liter. 357 Misty night Covers the shame that follows sweet delight, a 1616 Beaum. & Fl. Thierry 4* Theod. 1. ii, A duty well discharg’d is never follow’d By sad repentance. 1842 Tennyson Morte d’Arth. 92 What good should follow this, if this were done ? What harm, undone ? 3 . To go after or along with (a person) as an attendant or companion ; to accompany, serve, or attend upon. O. E. Chron. an. 755 pa cuasdon hie past.. hie naefre his banan foljian noldon. C950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark v. 37 Ne leort senigne monno to fylgenne hine. ci 175 Lamb. Horn. 151 Monie kunnes men fole3eden ure drihten ine pisse liue. c 1205 Lay. 95 Of kunne & of folke pe fulede pan duke, a 1300 Cursor M. 15339 (Cott.) Yee haf me folud hider-to. C1385 Chaucer L. G. IV. 894 Thisbe , I wol the folwen ded and I wol be Felaw and cause eke of thy deth, quod she. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6338 A seruand folowand his lorde. 1591 Shaks. Two Gentl. 1. i. 94 Thou for wages fol- lowest thy master. 1611 Bible i Sam. xvii. 13 And the three eldest sonnes of Iesse went, and followed Saul to the battell. 1845 S. C. Hall Whiteboy vi. 51 The rheumatic.. creature who had ‘followed ’ the family for more than forty years. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 37 You may depend on my following and not deserting him. b. To go after as an admirer, auditor, or the like. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 11. ii. 349 Do they hold the same esti¬ mation they did when I was in the city? Are they so followed? 1756 Mrs. F. Brooke Old Maid No. 22 P3 ,1 went ..with a friend, to hear one of the most followed and admired of them all [preachers]. Ibid. O ! he is. .a charming man !. .thank God I have followed him these twenty years. 4 . fig. To accompany, attend upon, ‘go with’; to be a (necessary) concomitant or accompaniment to ; to be consequent upon. c 1000 Ags. Ps. lv[i]. 4 ©set minre sprsece sped folgie. c 1205 Lay. 1002 Waelde heom seal fulien. a 1300 E. E. Psalter xxii[i]. 6 And filigh me sal pi mercy, c 1450 tr. De Imitatione 11. vi. 46 Sorwe foluip euer pe glory of pe worlde. 1526 Tindale 1 Cor. x. 13 There hath no temptacion taken you but soche as foloweth the nature of man. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V , v. ii. 297 The liberty that follows our places. i6ix Bible Ps. xxiii. 6 Surely goodnes and mercie shall followe me all the daies of my life. 1667 Milton P. L. ii. 25 The happier state In Heav’n, which follows dignity. 1859 Jephson Brittany vi. 74 Under the feudal system, the title follows the land. 1868 Morris Earthly Par. I. 610 (. Pygma¬ lion ) Seest thou how tears still follow earthly bliss? 1885 Law Rep. 29 Ch. Div. 283 The right to a grant of ad¬ ministration follows the right to the property. 5 . To go in pursuit of, try to overtake or come up with ; to pursue, chase. Beowulf 2933 (Gr.) [He] folxode feorhseniSlan. a 1300 E. E. Psalter xvii[i], 38 ,1 sal filghe mi faas, and urn-lap pa. a 1340 Hampole Psalter vii. 1 Make me safe of all folouand me. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) iv. 12 pe dragoun folowed and tuke pe knyght. 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. VI (an. 6) 105 The Englishemen folowed theim so faste, in killyng and takyng of their enemies. 1690 Dryden Don Sebast. I. i, 'Twas indeed the place To seek Sebastian : through a track of Death I follow’d him. 1783 Cowper Epitaph on Hare 2 Here lies, whom hound did ne’er pursue, Nor swifter greyhound follow. b. fig. To pursue like an enemy. Also, + to visit (a person) with (affliction, etc.). a 1310 in Wright's Lyric P. xv. 48 Evel ant elde, ant other wo, foleweth me so faste. c 1350 Will. Palerne 436 A fers feintise folwes me oft, & takes me so tenefully. 1606 Shaks. Ant. 4- Cl. v. i. 36 O Antony ! I haue followd thee to this. 1607 — Cor. iv. v. 104 Since I haue euer followed thee with hate. 1671 Lady M. Bertie in 12 th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 22 Wee play sometimes at trante a courante where my old ill lucke follows mee to loose my money. 1688 Bunyan Jems. Sinn. Saved (1689) 155 Art thou fol¬ lowed with affliction. c. Sc. ‘To pursue at law’ (Jam.), prosecute. Also absol. 1425 Sc. Acts Jas. I (1814) 9 The party scathit sail folowe, and the party trespassande sail defende, eftir the cours of the auld lavvis of the realme. 1466 Ad. Audit. (1839) 5 / 2 [He] comperit nouther be himself nor his procuraturis to folow thaim. + d. To visit (an offence, an offender) with punishment. Obs. 1579-80 North Plutarch 19 ( Theseus ) There was no man at that time that dyd followe or pursue his death. 1593 Bilson Govt. Christ's Ch. 295 Were you but once or twise well followed for other mens faultes, you woulde soone waxe weary of this generall and confused execution. 6 . fig. To pursue (an object of desire); to en¬ deavour to reach or attain to; to strive after, try to gain or compass, aim at. a 1300 Cursor M. 23868 (Gott.) In eldrin men vr merrur [we] mai se quat forto fulv, quat forto fle. C1400 Apol. Loll. 33 Dekunis to be chast, not. .fowlowing fowle wynn- ing. 1539 Bible (Great) Heb. xii. 14 Folowe peace wyth all men. 1549 Latimer 3 rdSerm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 97 He folowed gyftes, as fast as he that folowed the puddynge. x 754 Chatham Lett. Nephew iv. 24 To follow what they are pleased to call pleasure. 1842 Tennyson Ulysses 31 Yearning in desire To follow knowledge like a sinking star. 1859 — Vivien 474, I follow fame. f b. To pursue (an affair) to its conclusion or accomplishment; to follow up, prosecute; to enforce (law). Also const, on, upon , against (a person). Obs . a 1547 Surrey Aeneid 11. 118 Ne could I fool refrein my tong from thretes. .to folowe my reuenge. c 1585 R. Browne Answ. Cartwright 55 We shoulde first followe the Lawe on them, to thrust them out of the sheepefolde. 1595 Daniel Civ. Wars iv. lxxxiii, Whereas the matter is so followed That he conuented is ere he could tell He was in danger. x 597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, 1. i. 21 O, such a day, So fought, so followed and so fairly won. 1608 D. T. Ess. Pol. 4* Mor. 28 For that he did egerly follow the extreamitie of law against a certaine friende of his. 1653 Holcroft Procopius, Vandal Wars 11. xi. 43 Belisarius followed no execution, thinking it enough with so small an Army to beat the enemy, and send him going. 1693 Hum. Town 1.30 Giving his Lawyer double Fees, that his Cause may be well followed. 7 . fig. (Cf. sense 3). To treat or take (a person) as a guide, leader, or master; to accept the authority or example of, obey the dictates or guidance of; to adhere to, espouse the opinions, side, or cause of. Also, to follow a persons steps. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xvi. 13 He anum fol^a)? and o 3 erne forhoga]?. c 1200 Vices <$• Virtues (1888) 27 Dat tu ne fobih none dwelmenn, 5 e muchel misleueS. c 1230 Hali Meid. 15 He secS f»e folhen hire treoden. c 1374 Chaucer Anel. 4* Arc. 21 First followe I Stace, and after him Corinne. c 1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 381 pat }e filow }?e steppis of hym [>at did no synne. c 1449 Pecock Repr. 248 The sympler partie of hem folewiden the worthier and the more wijs partie. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 1 b, Which doctours I folowe most communly in this poore treatyse. 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. VI{ an. 34)169 Favoryngand folowyngthe part of kyng Henry.. 1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Corn. PrayerCoW^zt 18th Sund. after Trinity, With pure harte and mynde to folowe thee the onelye God. 1666 Dryden Ld. to Sir R. Hovuard 10 Nov. Wks. (Globe) 41 Virgil, .has been my master in this poem : I have followed him everywhere. 1706 Atterbury Semi. 1 Cor. xv. 19(1723) II. 7 They [Beasts] follow Nature, in their Desires and Fruitions, carrying them no farther than she directs. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. iv. § 16 We profess to follow reason wherever it leads. 1851 Ruskin Mod. Paint. II. hi. 11. v. § 15 The sacred painters must not be followed in their frankness of unshadowed colour, unless we can also follow them in its clearness. 8. To conform to, comply with, obey, act upon or in accordance with (advice, command, teaching, example, fashion, etc.); to take as a rule or model, act up to, * walk after a 1000 Elene 929 (Gr.) He forketeS lare |>ine & manj>eawum minum folgaj?. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 185 Wule nu }?anne fole3 seinte andreues faire forbisne. a 1340 Hamfole FOLLOW. 392 FOLLOWER. Psalter xxi. 16 As hundes folus }?er custom in berkyng & bitynge. *11450 Cov. Myst. (1841) 268 3e wole folwe myn intent. 1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer Collect Sunday bef. Easter, That all mankynde shoulde folowe the example of his greate humilitie. 1611 Bible 2 Sam. xvii. 23 His counsell was not followed. 1671 Milton P. K. i. 483 Most men admire Virtue, who follow not her lore. 1692 Locke Educ. § 89 (1699) 141 Ill Patterns are sure to be follow’d more than good Rules. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) II. xi. 23c) Our men .. followed their orders. 1771 Junius Lett, xlviii. 252, I .. think that the precedent ought to be followed immediately. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 446 Had his advice been followed, the laws would have been strictly observed. 1871 Morley Voltaire( 1886) 5 Voltaire.. did not always refuse to follow an adversary’s bad example. H intr. const, to. rare — 1 (peril, an involuntary anacoluthon). 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccccxli. 777 To the whiche counsayle they were gladde to folowe. f b. To conform to in likeness, resemble, take after; to imitate or copy. Obs. c 1386 Chaucer Clerk's T. 1133 Folweth Ekko, that holdeth no silence, c 1400 Destr. Troy 8723 The body of this bold, hat barely is ded, Most follow by fourrne the freeltie of man : Hit may not long vpon loft ly vneoruppit. 1483 Cath. Angl. zyj/i To Folowe y 6 fader in maners, patrissare. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xxviii. § 1 We had rather follow the perfections of them whom we like not, than in defects resemble them whom we love. 1615 T. Adams Spirit. Navig. 41 Glasse among stones is as a foole amongst men : for it followes precious stones in colour, not in virtue. 1674 Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 281 Mrs. Betty her daughter follows her. 9. To walk in, pursue, practise (a way of life, habit, method of acting); to engage in, occupy oneself with, addict or apply oneself to; esp. to practise (a calling or profession) for a livelihood. To follow the sea : to practise the calling of a sailor. 971 Blickl. Horn. 25 pa men J>e pyssum uncystum fylgap. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 119 Monie pewas. .Ieda 5 to de 5 e on ende pa pe heom duseliche fol^iaS. c 1400 Cato's Morals 63 in Cursor M. 1670 Quat werk pou folow salle. 1601 Shaks. Twel. N. 1. iii. 99 O, had I but followed the arts ! 1618 Rolfe in Capt. Smith's Whs. (1819) II. 37 Euery man followed his building and planting. 1651 Lilly Chas. I (1774) 177 While he was young, he followed his book seriously. 1709 Steele & Swift Tatler No. 68 ip 4 When I was young enough to follow the Sports of the Field. 1800 Colquhoun Comm. ThamesYxzi., Those, .whofollow Nautical Pursuits. 1864 D. G. Mitchell Sev. Stor. 269 He followed the pro¬ fession of an artist. 1883 Stevenson Treas. Isi. 11. x, Mr.Tre- lawney had followed the seas. 2885 U. S. Grant Personal Mem. I. xxi. 288 Whose occupation had been following the river in various capacities, from captain down to deck hand. 10. To watch the progress or course of (an object in motion). 1697 Dryden YEneid vi. 643 [He] follow’d with his Eyes the flitting Shade. 1819 Byron Juan 1. clx, With prying snub-nose and small eyes he stood Following Antonia’s motions here and there. 11. To trace or attend to the course or sequence of; to keep up with (an argument, train of thought, etc.) so as to grasp its sequence and meaning; also, to keep up with and understand (a person) as he reasons or recounts. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 408 An ancient Legend I prepare to sing, And upward follow Fame’s immortal Spring. 1866 L. Carroll Alice in Wonderld. ix, I think I should understand that better .. if I had it written down : but I can’t quite follow it as you say it. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 64, I do not quite follow you, he said. Ibid. V. 12 The argument is too difficult for them to follow. 12. Mech. a. To go over the contour of (a piece of turned work with a tool), b. Of a piece of machinery: To receive its motion from, be a * follower' to (another piece). 1703 Moxon Mech. Ex ere. 213 They smoothen the work with the Edge, .of a broken Knife, .by following the Work with it: That is, holding the basil’d Edge of the Knife close against the Work while it comes about. 1851 L. D. B. Gordon in Art Jrnl. Illust. Mag. n. **/i The act of giving motion to a piece is termed driving it, and that of receiving motion from a piece is termed following it. 13 . To follow suit : see Suit sb. II. Intransitive uses. 14. To go or come after a person or thing in motion ; to move behind some object; also, to go as a person’s attendant or companion. Const., after , + on, + to. Also fig. Cf. 1. c 1250 Gen. ^ Ex. 3272 Egipcienes woren in twired wen queoer he sulden fol3en or flen. *'1340 Cursor M. 11435 (Irin.) pei follewed on pe^ sterre beme Til J>ei coom to Ierusalem.. Ibid. 19374 (Trin.) As bifore hem wrou}t he pe wey So aftir him faste foie wed J?ey. c 1400 Rom. Rose 6342 And with me folwith my loteby, To done me solas and company, c 1475 Rauf Coil^ear 421 He folio wit to him haistely .. For to bring him to the king. 1513 More Rich. Ill (1641) 219 After whom folowed the King with his Crowne and Scepter, c 1600 Shaks. Sonn. xli. 4 For still temptation follows where thou art. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 700 He first, and close behind him follow'd she. 1848 R. I. Wilberforce Incamat. Our Lord xiv. (1852) 401 The Philosopher of Konigsberg following in a measure in Plato’s steps. 1874 Green Short Hist. ii. § 6. 89 Gilbert was one of the Norman strangers who followed in the wake of the Conqueror. 15 . To come (next) after something else in order or sequence. As follows ; a prefatory formula used to introduce a statement, enumeration, or the like. Cf. 2. The const, in as follows is impers ., and the verb should always be used in the sing.; for the incorrect pi. see quots. 1776, 1797. c 1300 Cursor M. 19135 (Edin.) pe toper dai pat folwid' neste. c 1380 Wyclif Sel. IVks. III. 107 pe secunde part.. folwep in pese wordes. *1426 in Surtees Misc. (1890) 9 Was done afterwarde als her fast folowys. i486 Bk. St. Albans D iij, Now foloys the naamys of all maner of hawkys. 1548 Hall Chron., Edw. IV (an. 23) 247 He openly sayde as foloweth. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts (1658) 229 Vegetius having commended the Persian Horses saith, that the Armenians and Sapharens do follow next. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 58 p 6 The Subject of it (as in the rest of the Poems which follow). 1776 G. Campbell Rhetoric I. 11. iv. 495 Analogy as well as usage favour this mode of expres¬ sion : ‘ The conditions of the agreement as follo 7 us,' and not as follo 7 u. A few late writers have inconsiderately adopted this last form through a mistake of the construction. 1797 Godwin Enquirer 11. xii. § 1. 374 The reasons that dissuade us .. are as follow. 1806-7 J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) 11. iv, Beat what follows if you can. 1843 Mill Logic 1. iii. § 7 There are philosophers who have argued as follows. b. To happen or occur after something else; to come next as an event; to ensue. c 2400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 120 If pe crampe folowe it is deedly. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon lxxxii. 254 It shall not folow after thy counsell. 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. VI (an. 5) 103 b, The Castle was almoste undermined, so that yeldyng must folowe. 1611 Bible Exod. xxi. 22 If men striue, and hurt a woman with child, so that her fruit depart from her, and yet no mischiefe follow. 1667 Milton P. L. ii. 206 When those who at the Spear are bold And vent’rous, if that fail them, shrink and fear What yet they know must follow. 1688 J. Smith Baroscope 6s If Fair Weather follows immediately upon the Mercury’s Rising. 1839 Yeovvell A nc. Brit. Ch. iii. (1847) 28 That the martyrdom of this blessed apostle followed very shortly after the writing of this Epistle. 16. To result (as an effect from a cause, an infer¬ ence from premisses); to be, or occur as, a conse¬ quent. Const, from (+ of). Often impers. with a clause, it follows {that) ... Cf. 2 c. a 1300 Cursor M. (Gott.) 2892 Fleis Ipz .t sine ouer al f is erde, pe wreche pat foluis haue 3e herd. *: 1386 Chaucer Melib. p no And though that Salomon seith, That he ne fond never womman good, it folweth nat therfore that alle wommen ben wikke. c 1449 Pecock Re/r. 11. i. 132 If this be trewe, thanne..it muste nedis folewe that [etc.]. 1624 W. Simons in Capt. Smith's Wks. (1819) I. 166 In a short time it followed, that could not be had for a pound of Copper, which before was sould vs for an ounce. 1678 Dryden Limberham 1. Wks. 1883 VI. 27 But what followed of this dumb interview? 1698 Keill Exam. Th. Earth ( I 734 ) 55 These are the effects which .. Would necessarily follow from the position of the Earths axis. 1751 Jortin Serm. (1771) II. iii. 44 Though we have received a com¬ mand to pray for our enemies, it follows not thence we may not wage war with them. 1843 Mill Logic 11. i. § 1 We say of a fact or statement, that it is proved, when we believe its truth by reason of some other fact or statement from which it is said to follow. 17 . To go in chase or pursuit. Const, after , + on, + upon. Also fig. of things. Cf. 5. c 1250 Gen. <5- Ex. 1751 He toe and wente and folwede on, And oho3t in mod Iacob to slon. c 1400 Destr. Troy 10459 Theire fos on horn folowet. c 1420 A nturs of A rtlu v, The king blue a rechase, Folut fast on the trase. 1535 Cover- dale Prov. xiii. 21 Myschefe foloweth vpon synners. 1611 Bible Gen. xliv. 4 Vp, follow after the men. 1623 Bingham Xenophon 115 They dare and will be readie to follow vpon vs, if we retire. b. To follow after: to strive to reach, gain, or compass. Cf. 6. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. x. 189 pau3 pei don hem to don- mowe. .To folewen aftur pe Flucchen, fecche pei hit neuere. 1611 Bible Ps. cxix. 150 They draw nigh that follow after mischiefe. 1881 Bible (R.V.) Heb. xii. 14 Follow after peace with all men. + c. ? To tend to. Obs. c 1475 Rauf Coilzcar 508 Thow fand me fechand nathing that followit to feia. + 18. Of a person : To proceed with, or continue doing, something begun. Cf. 6 b. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 12197 (Cott.) Ihesus pan folud on his speke. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 182 Having thus described the parts of a Common Lathe, I shall now follow with their other Tools also. III. In combination with adverbs. Follow home. See Home adv. 19. Follow on. a. intr. To go on in the same direction as an object which is moving in front; to continue following. c 1250 [see 17]. 1884 W. Cook Billiards 9 A following stroke is when you cause your ball to follow on after the ball it strikes. + b. To go on or continue perseveringly {to do something). Obs. 1611 Bible Hos. vi. 3 Then shal we know, if we follow on to know the Lord. c. trans. = follow up b. 1652 Wadsworth tr. Sandoval's Civ. IVars Spain 363 If, after the taking of Torrelobaton, hee had followed on his victorie. d. intr. Of a side at Cricket : To go in again at once after completing the first innings, in con¬ sequence of having made a prescribed number of runs less than their opponents in the first innings. 2882 Standard 9 Aug. 3/6 They consequently had to ‘follow on’. 1891 Leeds Mercury 2 May 6/4 Being left in a minority of 93 they had to follow on. 20 . Follow out. irans. To pursue to a con¬ clusion ; to bring to a completion or final issue. 1762 Ld. Kames Elem. Crit. I. i. 36 Avarice having got possession of his mind, he follows out that theme to the end. 1884 Church Bacon 22 While he was following out the great ideas which were to be the basis of his philosophy. 21. Follow up. trans. a. To go after or pursue closely; to keep steadily in the track or pursuit of. 1847 Tennyson Princ. 1. 203 We follow’d up the river as we rode. Ibid. iv. 446 It becomes no man to nurse despair, But..To follow up the worthiest till he die. 1888 Times 16 Oct. 10/5 The Forest bylaws .. make no provision for wounded deer being followed up. b. To prosecute with energy (an affair already in progress); to reinforce by further vigorous action or fresh support. 1794 Paley Evid. 11. ix. (1817) 216 It comes next to be considered how far these accounts are confirmed or followed up by other evidence. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 354 The blow was speedily followed up. 1867 Smiles Huguenots Eng. ix. (1880) 143 Louis was not slow to follow up this intimation with measures of a more positive kind. 1878 Bosw. Smith Carthage 98 The Romans followed up their success by an attack on Olbia. absol. 1854 Dickens Hard T. 1. ii, He would go in and damage any subject whatever with his right, follow up with his left [etc.]. Follow, obs. form of Fellow. Followable (ffto'qab’l), a. [f. prec. + -able.] That may or can be followed. 1548 Gest Pr. Masse 136 We ought to .. embrace hys doyinges as followable and beleveable. 1611 Cotgr., Im it able, imitable, followable. ^ 1830 N. S. Wheaton Jrnl. 199 A mistake which is followable by instant degradation. 1888 Dublin Rev. Jan. 219 The Church has .. declared .. his system of morals .. to be void of error, and followable as a sure guide by any priest. Follower (fp lfl'V- 1 ). [0E. folgere , f. as prec. + -ER 1 .] 1. One who follows (in the literal sense). 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iii. 174 Clouds of Sand arise; Spurn’d, and cast backward on the Follower’s Eyes. 1807 Hutton Course Math. II. 57 All the 10 arrows are taken by one of them, who goes foremost, and is called the leader ; the other being called the follower, for distinction’s sake. b. Something that comes after or succeeds some¬ thing else. c 1450 Pecock {title) The Folewer to the Donet. 1581 Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 50 One word so as it were begetting another, as .. by the former a man shall haue a neere gesse to the follower. 1879 Furnivall Rep. E. E. T. S. 17 When the Catholicon is finisht, what its follower shall be can be discusst. c. One who follows in order to catch or come up with another; a pursuer. *593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI 1. iv. 22 Ah, hark! the fatal followers do pursue. 1598 Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. iii. x. (1622) 105 Stealing by dangerous by-wayes [he] beguiled his followers. 2. a. One who follows another as his attendant, servant, retainer, or the like. c 888 K. ^Elfred BoetJi. xxix. § 1 Be 5 am cyninge and be his fol^erum. c 1000 Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 189/30 Assecla, fol^ere. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. v. 549, I haue ben his folwar al his fifty wyntre. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 169/2 Folware, or serwante folowynge hys mastyr or souereyne, pedissequus. 1548 Hall Chron., Ed7v. IV (an. 2) 190 b. Certain of his henxmen or folowers wer taken. 1697 Dryden YEneidx. 1039 And forc'd ^Eneas .. To leave his Foll’wers on a Foreign Coast. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge viii, The Captain eyed his follower over. 1844 Regul. fy Ord. Army 275 All Followers and Retainers of the Camp. b. One who follows another in regard to his teaching or opinions; an adherent or disciple; also one who follows an example, model, rule of conduct, etc. c 1200 Vices Sf Virtues (1888) 41 5 e niodi menn, Ses dieules fol3eres. a 1225 Ancr. R. 364 Sikerliche his feoleware mot mid pine of his flesche uoluwen his pinen. 1388 Wyclif 1 Cor. xi. 1 Be 3e my foleweris, as Y am of Crist, c 1440 Promp. Parv. 169/2 Folware, yn manerys, or condycions, imitator, c 1532 Dewes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 894 Arte is folower of nature. 1611 Bible i Pet. iii. 13 If ye bee followers of that which is good. 2710 Berkeley Princ. Hum. Knorvl. § 11 Aristotle and his followers. 1781 Burke Corr. (1844) II. 437 We, who ought to have taken the lead in so noble a work, are but ill followers even of the examples which are set to us. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 13 It soon became clear that Halifax would have many followers. 1891 Spealcer 2 May 526/2 To vindicate Horace Walpole from the aspersions of Macaulay and his followers. c. colloq. A man who courts a maidservant; esp. one who calls at the house to see her. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick, xvi, Five servants kept. No man. No followers. 1858 R. S. Surtees Ask Mamma xlv. 202 . She granted [the servants] .. every indulgence .. in having their followers. + 3. Sc. A prosecutor (at law). Cf. Follow v . 5 c. a 1300 Cursor M. 28416 (Cott.) Wittnes foluar. 1449 Sc. Ads Jas. II (1814) II. 37 He salbe condampnit be the Juge in the expensis of the folowar. 4. Sc. and north, dial. The young of cattle. 1584 Wills <$- Inv. (Surtees i860) II. 105 The beste cowe I haue .. with her follower, c 1686 Depredations on Clan Campbell (1816) 61, 1 bull, 2 mares and followers. 1829 Scott Doom of De7’orgoil 1. i, Three cows, with each her follower. 1885 Times (weekly ed.) 16 Oct. 2/3 The crofter paying ^10 should be able to keep four cows with their followers. 5. Mech. a. In various kinds of presses: The plate or block by which the pressure is applied. 1676 Worlidge Cyder (1691) 117 The lower end of the Toothed Bar must be fixed into a Follower of Wood, i860 All Year Round No. 51. 19 A proper ‘ vat' and ‘ follower ’ FOLLOWING. 393 FOLTRON made of solid mahogany [for making cheese]. 1882 South¬ ward Prod. Printing 587 The piece [in a screw press] an¬ swering to the platen of a printing press is called the ‘ fol¬ lower b. In a pile-driving machine: A ' dolly’ or block of timber placed between the ram and the head of the pile. Also, formerly, +the movable block and ‘ tongs 9 by which the ram is lifted and let fall. 1776 G. Semple . Building in Water 36 Fig. 2 is the Follower playing in its Grooves .. Fig. 3 .. the Follower and Ram, seemingly just ready to engage one another. 1868 Min. Proc. Inst. Civ. Engineers XXVII. 277 The piles, .had to be driven with a follower, which was made of very tough oak, and well banded at both ends. c. In wheel-work : (see quot. 1805 ). 1805 Brewster in Fergitsons Lect. 1 .82 note , In a combina¬ tion of wheels that which is acted upon by the power.. is called a leader; and the other wheel on the same axis is called a follower. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch «$• Clockm. 291 Lantern pjnions work very smoothly as followers though they are unsuitable as drivers. d. (See quot.) 1874 Knight Diet. Meek., Follower (Steam-engine), the cover or plug of a stuffing-box, which rests upon and com¬ presses the packing ; a gland. 6 . Stationery. (See quots.) 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade , Follower . .a sheet of parch¬ ment, which is added to the first or indenture, etc. sheet. 1888 Jacobi Printer s Foe., Follozuers, the following sheets after a heading—such as the ordinary plain-ruled paper used after the title-head of a long invoice. Following (fjrlo.'ig), vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ING !.] 1. The action of the verb Follow, in its various uses. Also with advs., as following up. a 1300 Cursor M. •2'j^yz (Cott.) O couaitise .. cums .. fals foluing, fals wittnesing. 143s Misyn Fire of Love 66 In filoing of vertew. 1562 39 Articles No. 9 Originall sinne standeth not in the following of Adam. 1649 Drumm. of Hawth. Hist. fas. V. Wks. (1711) 107 That the chace and following of hereticks is more necessary than that of infidels. 1801 Strutt Sports 4 Past. 1. i. 13 Queen Elizabeth .. frequently indulged herself in following of the hounds. 1875 Whitney Life Lang. viii. 143 The following-up of a series of acts. 2. concr. A body of followers, attendants, re¬ tainers or adherents; followers collectively. c 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 1865 Abraham and his fylowing discomfit thaym be gods grace. 1695 Blair in Blackmore s Hist. Conspir. (1723) 117 He was a Man of great following and Interest in his Country. 1715 Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 88 He reckons Mar’s following must decrease. 1816 Scott Old Mort. xxvi. 191 The unfortunate Duke of Mon¬ mouth, who had. .a numerous following, as it was called, in the southern parts of that kingdom, a 1859 Macaulay Hist. Eng. V. no Such a man, with a great name in the country and a strong following in Parliament. 1889 Jessopp Coining of Friars i. 39 [They] started lectures and secured a large following. Fo llowing, ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -tng 2 .] 1. That follows or moves after another. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 844 By the more Equall spreading of the Tangible Parts, which thereby are more Sliding and Following. 1715-20 Pope Iliad xiv. 489 His following shield the fallen chief o’erspread. 1796-7 Instr. Sf Reg. Cavalry (1813) 125 The three’s wheel from the pivot flank, which then becomes the following one. 2. That comes after or next in order or in time; succeeding, subsequent, ensuing. In most collocations placed indifferently before or after the sb.; as, in the following year, in the year following. 221300 Cursor M. T1378 (Cott.) pe nest yeire foluand, C1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 87 In pe }ere folowand. 2-1430 Maundev. (Roxb.) xxiv. no On pe nyght next folowand. 1535 Coverdalf. 2 Mace. xii. 39 Vpon the daye folowinge. 1667 Milton P. L. x. 278 Living Carcasses design'd For death, the following day, in bloodie fight. 1742 Johnson L. P., Sydenham , To continue the same office upon all following occasions. 1829 Marry at F. Mildmay xxii, They were asked in church the Sunday following. i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. viii. 57 Early on the following day. 1875 Whitney Life Lang. iv. 46 A sibilant with following palatal mute. b. In introducing a statement, enumeration, etc.: That now follows; that is immediately to be set forth, mentioned, recounted, or the like. Also absol. (the following). 1340 Ayenb. 1 pis byep pe capiteles of pe boc uo^inde. 1545-8 Yorksh. Chantry Surv. 11. (Surtees) 461 In thandes of the personnes foloing. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 846 They are all but the effects of some of these causes following. 1653 Walton Angler To Rdr., I think fit to tell thee these following truths. 1711 Steele Spect. No. 152 ? 2 My Friend answered what I said in the following manner. 1794 Sullivan View Nat. I. 225 The following, .may not, as an example, be unworthy of notice. 1807 T. Thomson Chem. II. 148 The following bodies have the property of converting nitric oxide into nitrous oxide. 1841 Lane Arab. Nts. I. 123 Among the common dishes are the following. c. Ensuing as an effect or consequence, resulting. 1593 Shaks. Luer. 166 In his inward mind he doth debate, What following sorrow may on this arise. 1687 Shadwell Juvenal x. 46 The Conquerors used to put the following spoyls upon the stumps of Trees, which were call’d Trophies. 13. Conformable, correspondent, answerable. CX340 Gazo. <$• Gr. Knt. 145 His wombe & his wast were worthily smale, & alle his fetures fol^ande. I bid. 859 Tapytez ty3t to pe wo3e, of tuly & tars, & vnder fete, on pe flet, of fo^ande sute. 4. Of wind or tide: ?Moving in the direction of the ship’s course. (Cf. L. ventus secundus.) 1807 J. Boone in Naval Chron. XXIII. 406 She was assisted by a high following sea. 1839 Marryat Pliant. VOL. IV. Ship viii, You may sail for weeks with a cloudless sky and a following breeze, without starting tack or sheet. 1858 MV. Cook in Mere. Marine Mag. V. 42 We had a following sea previous to falling in with this mist, but the sea then changed to a kind of boil, or topping sea. 5. Billiards and Croquet. Following sirolce — Follow sb. 2 . 1867 Dufton Tract. Billiards iii. 45. 1868 W. J. Whit¬ more Croquet Tac. 15 In making a following stroke, the player must follow with the mallet head, as a person follows with the cue at billiards. 1884 [See Follow v. 19 a]. + Followingly, adv. Obs. [f. prec. + -LY 2.] 1. a. Afterwards in order or sequence, subse¬ quently, ensuingly. b. As a result or consequence, consequently. 1382 Wyclif 2 Chron. xxxii. 15 3 >f forsothe no God of alle Gentilis. .my^te delyueren his puple. .folowyngly ne 3our God schal mown delyuer 30U. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xiii. xxii. (1495) 454 Thenne folowingly is the coste that hyght Ligusticus. c 1449 Pecock Repr. 11. ix. 191 Into suche. .remembrauncis. .and folewingli therbiintofuldeuout preiers. 1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) in. iii. 145 Unto hymself fyrste and folowyngly unto them [etc.]. 1559 Homilies 1. (1859) 56 That consequently (or followingly) God should be the better honoured by them. 2. In what now follows; in the following words. c 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4085 Howe crist his woundes to his ffadere shewes is to here fylowingly. 1494 Fabyan Chron. \ 11. ccxix. 241 As folowyngly shalbe shewed. 1521 Fisher Wks. (1876) 307 In thende of this gospel folowingly is made by our sauyour a stronge argument. t FoTly, a. and adv. Obs . Also 3-4 foli(e, folliche, (folik), 4-5 foly(e, 5 fooly, 6 follie, folyche. [ME. follich, f. fol, Fool a. and sb. + -lick -ly *.] A. adj. Foolish; also, lewd, unchaste. a 1300 Cursor M. 4361 (Cott.) ‘Bilete*, he said, ‘pi foli will’. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 233 A nyce folie couenant schulde nou3t be i-holde. C1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 267 Ther ben manie foli lechis. a 1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 52 No body shulde. .make countenaunce nor lokes of foly loue there inne [the chirche], but yef it were of loue of mariage. 1577-87 Holinshed Chron. III.305/1 Bankettings, dansings and other follie pastimes. 1604 Breton 6”/^///. (Grosart) 9/2 A Gowne of Veluet. .Shall now bewitche mine eyes with folly gazes. B. adv. Foolishly; also, lewdly, unchastely. c 1230 Halt Meid. 17 }if 3e prafter penne speken togedere folliche. a 1300 Cursor M. 27890 (Cott.) Drunkenhede dos .. man folik be traist and glad, quare he wit resun suld be radd. 1340 Ayenb. 43 pet uolk pet ne byep na3t ine spoushod, louiep ham togidere folliche. £1369 Chaucer Bk. Duchesse 874 Hyr lokynge nas not foly sprad. Hence + Folliness, foolishness. C1340 Cursor M. 1278 (Trin.), I was dryuen fro paradis And lost hit bi my folynys. c 1449 Pecock Repr. 11. iv. 155 The dotage or. .folynes .. of the persoones. c 1450 Burgh Secrees 2579 The rede [heerys] also be signe of ffoolynesse. Folly (fp'li), sb . 1 PI. follies. Forms: 3-5 foli(e, 3-6 foly(e, (4 foie, folie, fowlye), 5 fooly, 6-7 follie, 9 south, volly, 5 - folly, [a. OF. and Fr. folie, f. fol, fou foolish, mad (see Fool); corresponding to Pr . folia, follia, folhia, OSp. folia, It .follia.~\ 1. The quality or state of being foolish or deficient in understanding; want of good sense, weakness or derangement of mind; also, unwise conduct. + To do folly : to act foolishly. {Fond, etc.) to a folly, to an absurd degree. a 1223 A ncr. R. 52 Ant te wise ouh to uolewen wisdom, & nout folie. c 1330 Amis <$* Amil. 1982 ‘ What folyhe seyd, ‘ can he sain ? Is he madde of mode? ’ 1375 Barbour Bruce 1. 344 To fenyhe foly quhile is wyt. c 1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 212 pan it is folie for to lete him blood. 1477 Earl Rivers (C axton) Dictes T27 To loue sapience, and to hate fooly. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon lxvi. 228 We haue done grete foly to departe. 1651 Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camden) 248 Sir Thomas Gardner will be ruined by his daughter’s folly. 1742 Gray Ode Prospect Eton Coll. 100 Where ignorance is bliss, ’Tis folly to be wise. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. xxiv. When lovely woman stoops to folly. 1778 Franklin Lett. Wks. 1889 VI. 206, I was fond to a folly of our British connections. 1784 Laura 4 Augustus I. 81 The people are hospitable to a folly. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 98 The folly of. .nurses believes that the left hand is by nature different from the right. b. personified. 1594 Willobie in Shaks. C. Praise 9 And folly feedes where fury fretes. 1632 Milton Penseroso 2 Deluding joys, The brood of folly without father bred. 1728 Pope Dune. 11. 418 All was hush’d, as Folly’s self lay dead. c. With a and pi. An example of foolishness ; a foolish action, error, idea, practice, etc.; a ridi¬ culous thing, an absurdity. a 1300 Cursor M. 4124 (Cott.) To stint wald he, if he moght, pe foly pat his breper thoght. 13.. Coer de L. 4761 We schole be wrothe, Swylke folyes yiff thou haunte. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon i. 21 Your father hath enterprised a great foly. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon xcv. 308 They knew well it was but a folye to folow me. 1648 Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 255 The celebrated follies of Bartholomew Fair. 1725 Watts Logic 11. v. § 4 The mistakes, imprudences, and follies, which ourselves or others have been guilty of. 1773 Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. 1. i. 49 In my time, the follies of the town crept slowly among us. 1832 Ht. Martineau Life in Wilds vi. 72 'Tis a folly to expect it. 12. Wickedness, evil, mischief, harm. Obs. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 30/36 He heold him faste in his folie. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 4119 He dede no man folye. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 357 Purgatory Whar saules er clensed of alle foly. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon iii. 80 Ye shall haue no leiser for to repente you of the folie that ye doo. 1535 Coverdale Josh. vii. 15 Because he hath, .committed folye in Israel. + b. With a and pi. A wrong-doing, sin, crime. c 1250 Meid. Maregrcte 1 Olde ant yonge i prei ou oure folies for to lete. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xvii. 135 Hit [Pouerte] defendep pe flessh fro folyes ful menye. 1535 Coverdale Judg. xx. 6 They haue done an abhominacion and folye in Israel. + 3 . Lewdness, wantonness. Cf. Yv. folie. Obs . 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 2961 3 yf pou to foly wuldest here wynne. £1400 Maundev. (1839) iv. 24 A comoun woman that dwelled there to resceyve men to folye. 121450 Knt. de la Tour( 1868) 76 The queue, .beganne to desire to haue hym to foly with her. 1567 Fenton Trag. Disc. Aavij, Neyther had age so altered her complexion but there appered follie in all partes of her face. 1604 Shaks. Oth. v. ii. 132 Oth. She turn’d to folly; and she was a whore. 1634 Canne Nccess. Separ. (1849) 2 9 x One which calls a woman, ‘ Whore'. .and commits folly with her. b. With a and pi. A lewd action or desire. c 1305 Miracle St. James 3 in E. E. P. (1862) 57 He dude ane folie pat menie to helle bringep: pe sinne of lecherie. c 1320 Sir Tristr. 2181 Her folies vsen pai ay. 1603 Shaks. Meas.for ill. iii. i. 91 Whose, .deliberate word Nips youth i’th head, and follies doth emmew. + 4 . Madness, insanity, mania ( = Y. folie ); hence, rage, anger. Obs. c 1400 Destr. Troy 1957 He frothet for folie, and his face chaunget. 1670 Lassels Voy. Italy 11. 212, I went to the Pazzorella, where, they keep madmen and fooles, and saw there strange variety of humours in folly. 5 . A popular name for any costly structure con¬ sidered to have shown folly in the builder. R. Wendover says that when (in 1228) a castle which Hubert de Burgh had begun to build, near the Welsh border, had to be razed to the ground on account of a treaty concluded with the Welsh, much amusement was excited by the recollection that Hubert had given to the building on its foundation the name of ; Hubert’s Folly' (Stultitiam Huberti). It was remarked that he had shown himself a true prophet. Probably the word used by Hubert was F. folie ; the original meaning seems to have been not stultitia , but ‘delight’, ‘favourite abode*. Many houses in France still bear the name I^a Folie , and there is some evidence that ‘ the Folly* was as late as the present century used in some parts of England for a public pleasure-garden or the like. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 502 [He] buryeth it [his wealth] . .in Buildings needlesse, vain, or ill contrived, that stay but the finishing, and being called by his kind Gossip-neighbours his Folly. 1772 R. Graves Spirit. Quixote III. ix. vii, An object, amidst the woods, on the edge of the hill; which, upon enquiry, they were told was called Shenstone’s folly. 1796 Monthly Mag. Feb. 20, I built a great many mounds in the form of sugar-loaves, very broad at bottom and pointed at top. .Travellers call them my folly. 1801 Coxe TourMon- mouthsh. I. 121 Hence it was called Kemeys Folly. 1885 W. H. Russell in Harper's Mag. Apr. 752/1 ‘ The Heights'. on which the Folly is built. 6. Comb., as folly-blind , - dreriched, f -fallen, - painting, -stricken adjs. 1597 Middleton Paraphr. Wisd. Sol. ix. 6 My raigne would be like fortunes, follie-blinde. 1601 Shaks. Twel. N. iii. i. 75 For folly that he wisely shewes is fit; But wisemens folly falne, quite taint their wit. 1638-48 G. Daniel Eclog. iii, 307 Thy follie-drenched Soule. 1726-46 Thomson Winter 615 Lively wit. .Or folly-painting humour. 1807 Syd. Smith Wks. (1859) L 80/2 The mournful and folly-stricken blockhead. Hence Fo lly v. intr ., to commit folly, to act foolishly. Follying* vbl. sb. also attrib. 1818 Keats Endymiou 1. 612 Let me shun Such follying before thee. 1822 B. Cornwall Ludovico Sforza i. 95 What! shall I in My age be follying? — A. Wentworth ii. 27, In my follying days. Folly, sb.' A dial. A clump of fir-trees on the crest of a hill. 1880 K. J efferies Gr. Feme F. vi, ‘ Every hill seems to have a Folly ’..‘ I mean a clump of trees on the top.’ 1888 Berks. Gloss., There are three such ‘ vollys ’ at Hampstead Norreys on the ‘ Volly Hill ’. Folmard(e, obs. form of Foumart. + Folt, sb. Obs. Forms : 4 folet, folt, 4-6 folte, 5 folett, 6 foult. [a. O folet, f. fol mad, foolish: see Fool jA 1 ] A fool. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 8300 A kaynarde and an olde folte. e 1330 — Chron. Wace (Rolls) 4527 A folet coupe he wel adaunte. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 168/2 Folett.. stolulus. 2-1440 Hylton Scuta Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 1. xxxiv, In pe day of pentecost. .thei were made neyther foies ne foltis, but .. wonder wyse. 1566 Drant Horace's Sat. 1. i. Aiv, The foolishe frantycke foultes. Hence + FoTthead, f FoTtry [see -RY], folly. 1399 Langl. Rich. Redeles 11. 7 Non .. ^oure name wolde nempne In ffersnesse ne in ffoltheed. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 169/1 Foltry e,fatuitas, stoliditas. t Folt, v. Obs. [f. Folt sb.'] intr. To act like a fool. Hence + Fo lted ppl. a., foolish. a 1300 Cw-sor M. 2239 (Gdtt.) pir fobs foltid gadrid paim pan. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 5839 Shrewes. .helde hym foltede or wode For he was so mylde of mode. 13.. Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. xxxvii. 605 pe wikked gost . .seide pat he was a folted mon. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 169/1 Foltyn, or doon as a foole. t FoTtish, a. Obs . Also 4 foltishe, foltisch, 5 foltysch, 6 foultish. [f. Folt sb. + -ish.] Foolish, besotted, silly. c 1380 Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 309 Foltish chaffering. c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 166 A foltissh face. 1566 Drant Horace's Sat. 11. iii. Givb, No reason is this foultishe flocke from madnes to exile. f Foltron. Obs. rare. 1748 Wesley Wks. (1872) XI. 509 Try foltron, a mixture of herbs to be had at many grocers', far healthier, as well as cheaper, than tea. 50 FOMALHAUT. 394 FOND. Foly(e, obs. form of Folly. || Fomalliaut (fou'mal|hg:t). Astron. Also 6, 8 fomahant. [Arab. ^ fum n 'l-haut mouth of the fish, Sp. fomahant .] A star of the first magnitude in the constellation Southern Fish (a Piscis Australis). 1594 Blundevil Exerc. in. i. xxvi. (ed. 7) 334 One. .star of the first bignesse in his mouth called Fomahant. 1704 J. Harris Lex. TechnFomahant, a Star of the first Magni¬ tude in..Aquarius. 1884 Browning Ferishtah 137 Should I overlook Fomalhaut and declare some fen-fire King. Foman, obs. form of Foeman. j- Fcrmblitude. nonce-wd. [?f. Fumble, parody¬ ing similitude .] ‘ A weak comparison ’ (Halliw.). 1583 Fulke Defence iii. 112 As for your fomblitudes of Manlius and Iudas, two proper names, compared with image, and idoll..which be common names, I will not vouchsafe to answer them. Fome, obs. form of Foam sb. and v. Fo'ment, sb. Now rare. In 7 foement. [ad. L .fomentum, contraction for *fovimentwn,{.fovere to cherish, warm.] 1. = Fomentation 1 b. 1540 Hyrde tr. Fives' Instr. Chr. Worn. i. ix. I iv, Those superfluous sauors & fomentes of the body. 1643 J. Steer tr. Exp. Chymrg. xii. 47 Apply this following Foment. 1892 Pall Mall G. 21 Jan. 1/3 Ameliorating the symptoms by hot foments, mustard applications, and wet-sheet packings. + 2 . fig. Fomentation, encouragement. Obs. 1642 Quarles Observ. Princes ff St. iv, Long-settled humors give foment to the distemper when it breakes forth. f b. Some thing that foments or encourages; stimulus. Obs. 1604 T. Wright Passions 1. iv. 15 They rather serve them for instruments of vertue, than foments of vice. 1658 R. Creshald Legacy 10 Which by the distemper gave Foment and force to the approaching Maladie. 1660 More Myst. Godl. To Rdr. 14 The foments of strife and palliations of Hypocrisy. 1704 Expedient for Innocence in Harl. Misc. (1746) VIII. 13/1 What more seasonable Charity, than to abstract the Foment from these accursed Divisions, by prohibiting those Oaths, that, .perpetuate our Janglings? H 3 . ? Confused with Ferment 3. 1793 T. Jefferson Writ. (1859) 111 . 527 Should the present foment in Europe not produce republics everywhere. Foment (foment), v. [ad. Fr. foment-er, ad. late L .fomentare, f. fomentum Foment t/i.] 1. Irans. To bathe with warm or medicated lotions ; to apply fomentations to. Also, + to lubricate. i6n Cotgr., Bassiner, to warme, foment. 1643 J. Steer tr. Exp. Chymrg. xii. 47 Foment the place affected with the following foment. 1656 Ridgley Pract. Physick 131 Foment it with white wax. 1748 tr. Vegetins' Distemp. Horses 144 You shall foment it for the Space of four Days. 1802 Med. Jrnl. VIII. 516 The breasts were frequently fomented. 1894 Fitzwygram Horses <5- Stables § 255 The leg. .may be conveniently fomented by putting it in a deep bucket of warm water. absol. 1612 Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 3°3 Foment not too long at any one time. + 2 . ‘To cherish with heat, to warm’ (J.). Always in conjunction with another verb, as chafe, heat, warm. Obs. 1648 Jos. Beaumont Psyche i. civ, Creeps chillness on him? She foments and heats His flesh. 1667 Milton P. L. iv. 669 All things, .these soft fires, .foment and warme. + 3 . To rouse or stir up (a person or his energies) ; to excite, irritate. Obs. 1642 R. Carpenter Experience v. xix. 326, I was active .. fomented with your envenomed suggestions. 1680 Otway Orphan iv. v. 1506 Still Chaft and fomented let my heart swell on. 1704 Swift Batt. Bks. (1711) 226 By its Bitter¬ ness and Venom, .to foment the Genius of the Combatants. 1724 De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 127 The old general, not to foment him, with a great deal of mildness stood up. + b. intr. for rejl.: To become excited or heated. 1665 J. Webb Stone-Hcng 16 In like manner, this Doctor fomenteth, saying; The one stumbles upon an Altar-stone . .over which the other leaped clearly. 1680 Otway Orphan v. ii. 1851 To think Of Women were enough to taint my Brains, Till they foment to madness. 4 . a. To promote the growth,development, effect, or spread of (something material or physical). 1644 Quarles Barnabas «$- B. 150 That humour which foments thy malady. 1661 Burning 0/ Lond. in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 463 A violent easterly wind fomented it, and kept it burning all that day. 1667 Milton/’. L. x. 1071 How we his gather’d beams Reflected, may with matter sere foment. 1707 Curios. Husb. Sp Gard. 180 Plants re¬ ceive from their Roots this Nitre, which feeds, foments and preserves them. 1725 Pope Odyss. xix. 77 While those with unctuous fir foment the flame. b. To cherish, cultivate, foster; to stimulate, encourage, instigate (a sentiment, belief, pursuit, course of conduct, etc.). Esp. in a bad sense. 1622 Bacon Hen. VIl, 12 Which bruite was cunningly fomented by such as desired innouation. 1664 Marvell Corr. Wks. 1872-5 II. 164 His Majesty, .offers himself as a third to foment so amiable a controversy. 1725 Pope Odyss. xi. 226 Thy sire in solitude foments his care. 1726-7 Swift Gulliver 1. iv, These civil commotions were con¬ stantly fomented by the monarchs of Blefuscu. 1774 Flejcher Equal Check Wks. 1795 IV. p. v, Is not the Antinomianism of hearers fomented by that of preachers ? 1868 M. Pattison Academ. Org. iv. 75 To encourage in¬ dolence or foment extravagance. 1873 H. Rogers Orig. Bible ii. (1875) 59 Persecutions which the Jews always fomented. Hence Fomenting vbl. sb. Also attrib . 1611 Cotgr., Bassinement , warming, a fomentation or fomenting. 1894 Fitzwygram Horses tip Stables § 255 During the fomentation a thick rug should be thrown over the fomenting cloth. t Fome'ntary. Obs. rare, [as if ad. L. *fd- mentari-us, f. fomentum : see Foment sb. and -ary.] One who or that which foments ; a fomenter. 1657 Hawke Killing is M. Pref. i The disparagement of Princes are the fomentaries. .of Sedition. t Fomentate, v. Obs. rare. [f. L . fomental- ppl. stem of fomentare to foment.] =Foment v. i. 1569 R. Androse tr. Alexis' Seer. iv. 1. 23 Therwith washe the eyes, or else fomentate them with the water. Ibid. iv. 1. 31 You must fomentate them with a peece of a milstone burned and quenched in vineger. 1613 Sherley Trav. Persia 85 The one a kingdome fomentated as a bar between you and the Portugals. Fomentation (f^ment^-Jan). [ad. late L. fo mentation-em, n. of action f. fomentare to Foment. Cf. Y . fomentation^ 1. Med. The application to the surface of the body either of flannels, etc. soaked in hot water, whether simple or medicated, or of any other warm, soft, medicinal substance. Dry fomentation (see quot. 1882 ). c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 252 per upon J?ou schalt make a fomentacioun wi|? hoot water. 1541 R. Copland Guydons Formul. Xjb, Fomentacyon with oyle and terebentyne medled & warmed. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. xxxiv. 50 In manner of a fomentation or a warme bathe. 1661 Lovell Hist. Anvil. <$• Min. 289 Fomentation with sponges in vineger. 1702 J. Purcell Cholick (1714) 133 Flannel, or a Thin Woollen Cloth worn next to the Skin .. is a lesser kind of perpetual Fomentation. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. s.v., A Dry Fomentation. 1801 Med. Jrnl. V. 578 Fomentations with water. 1882 M. Beck in Quain's Diet. Med. s.v., The term ‘ dry fomentation' is sometimes applied to bags of salt, hot bran, or chamomile flowers; or pieces of flannel toasted before a fire and applied hot. b. concr. The remedial means so applied. 1546 Phaer Bk. Childr. (1553) Rj a i Ye may make a fomentacion of hoate and moist herbes. 1643 J. Steer tr. Exp. Chyrurg. xv. 58 Boyle them in the Broth .. for a Fomentation, c 1720 W. Gibson Farrier's Dispcns. xi. (1734) 249 Fomentations are made only with aqueous Men- struums whereas Embrocations consist of [etc.]. 1789 W. Buchan Dom. Med. (1790) 311 Flannels wrung out of warm spirituous fomentations should likewise be applied. 1894 Fitzwygram Horses Sp Stables § 314 Hot water makes the best fomentation. Jig. 1593 Q. Eliz. Boeth. (E. E. T. S.) 30 Because the fomentations of my reason haue entred in the. + 2. The action or process of cherishing with heat or warming. Obs. 1669 Gale Crt. Gentiles 1. in. Hi. 42 In this discription. .we have the Spirit’s Motion, Fomentation, and Formation of althings out of this Chaos. Ibid., The Fomentation of an Hen, that sets abrood. 3. fig. The action or process of fomenting, foster¬ ing or stimulating; encouragement, instigation. a 1612 Donne Bi aQaiuiTos (1644) 39 Denying to it lawfull refreshings, and fomentations. 1670-1 Marvell Corr. Wks. 1872-5 IL 373, I am..well pleased to find him and Mr. Whittington jealous of one another, which shall not want fomentation. 1742 Young Nt. Th. v. 743 Dishonest fo¬ mentation of your pride. 1861 Times 29 Aug., The foment¬ ation of Hungarian discontent by foreign intrigues. b. A means of fomentation, an influence that foments, a stimulus. a 1631 Donne Serm. viii. 79 They [our works] cleave to us ; whether as Fomentations to nourish us or as Corrosives to gnaw upon us. 1659 C. N oble Inexpediency of Exped. 5 Unless the. .slie Redarguings. .be a rise and fomentation to such a Dispute. Fomenter (fat, als his fader, was a fon. c 1330 R. Brunne Citron. IVace (Rolls) 4051 After Eldolf, J?ys folted fon, Cam his sone hight Redyon. c 1450 Cov. Myst. 367 A! }e ffonnys and slought of herte ffor to beleve in holy Scrypture l c 1450 St. Cnthbert (Surtees) 5386 God some tyme chastys a fonn And he is made mare wyse. 1526 Skelton Magnyf. i2ooWenyst thou that I cannot make the play the fon? 1595 Spenser Col. Clout 292 Ah ! Cuddy, (then quoth Colin) thous a fon. B. adj. Foolish, silly. c 1440 Gesta Rom. lx. 248 (Harl. MS.) The lion stode be- syde him, as he hadde be a ffonne shepe. 1538 Starkey England 1. i. 24 Yf wyse men. .wold have bent themselfe to that purpos, levyng such fon respecte of tyme and of place. Hence Ponly adv., foolishly, fondly; Ponnish a., somewhat foolish. c 1449 Pecock Repr. 11. iv. 156 Thilk fonnysch opinioun may soone bi wise men be schewed .. to be vntrewe. 1481 Tiptoft tr. Cicero's De Antic. (1530) B viij, What may be a more fonnysh thyng than whan [etc.]. 1526 Skelton Magnyf 659 Tusshe, fonnysshe Fansy, thou arte frantyke. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. May 58, I. .had rather be envied, All were it of my foe, than fonly pitied. t Fon, v. Obs. Also 5 fonne, 6 fone. [see prec. The later Fun v. (whence Fun sb.) is prob. etymologically identical.] 1. intr. To lose savour, become insipid or sickly in flavour. Only in pa. pple.: see Fond a. 2. To be foolish or infatuated; to act the fool; to become foolish. C1440 York Myst. ix. 89 Now Noye, in faythe \>z fonnes full faste. C1450 Cov. Myst. 36 Thou fonnyst as a best I gesse. 1508 Dunbar Tua Mariit IVemen 274 With kissing, et with clapping, I gert the carill fon. 1570 Buchanan Ane Admonitioun Wks. (1892) 30 Y° Dukis sone. .causit y e rest of y L- hamiltonis to fon for faynnes. 3. trans. To befool, make a fool of. c 1440 Lydg. Secrees 570 The fals Erryng hath fonnyd many Oon. c 1449 Pecock Repr. 11. ii. 145 Salomon, .fonned and bidotid with hise wifis, made ydolis. c 1460 Tawnelcy Myst. (Surtees) 199 Soyn shalle we fon hym. 4. Sc. To toy with ; to fondle. 1430 Peblis to Play vii. in Pinkerton Scot. Ball. (1783) I. 4 The fairest fallis me; Tak ye the laif and fone thame. Hence Fomning vbl. sb ., foolishness, foolish be¬ haviour. c 1400 Destr. Troy 4880 Our werkes [shuld] all wisely [be] wroght by discrecioun, [>at we fare with no foly ne fonnyng of pride, c 1450 Cov. Myst. 304 Be his meraclys and fals prechyng He bryngyth the pepyl in gret fonnyng. Fon, obs. form of Find ; Sc. pi. of Foe. Fond, sb. Also 7 , 9 fonds, 8 fonde. Now only as an alien word, pronounced (fon). [a. F. fond, fonds :—OF .fonz, fons (see Founce). The word became fully naturalized in the 17th c. In the 18th c. it was superseded in ordinary use by Fund, which is a refashioned form after L .fundus. Subsequently, how¬ ever, the F. word frequently appears (usually in italics) in Eng. writers. In F., the forms fond and fonds , formerly used indiscriminately, are now differentiated in sense; but Eng. writers often use the wrong form.] 1. Foundation, ground, groundwork (in various applications). (In Fr. now written fond.) 1664 Evelyn tr. Freart's Archit. 141 All sorts of pre¬ cious Marbles .. cut and lay’d into a fonds or ground of black-Marble. 1665 Sir P. Warwick in Evelyn's Mem. (1819) II. 162 The present Prizes .. being a better fond of credit. 1704 Swift T. Tub iv. 93 This Grandeur., could not be maintained without a better Fonde than what he was born to. 1825 Jeffrey in Edin. Rev. Aug. 429 But the fonds of the character is the same. 1844 Thackeray in Fraseds Mag. Feb. 155/2 The spirits are for the most part artificial, the fond is sadness. 1867 Lowell Lett. (1894) I. 394 There is no early French literature of any value in which the Teutonic blood did not supply the fond. b. Lace-making. (See quots.) 1882 Caulfeild & Saward Diet. Needlework , Fond , Identical with Champ, Entoilage, and Treille, terms by which the groundwork of lace .. is distinguished from the Toile, or pattern, which it surrounds and supports. These grounds are divided into Fonds Claire, Brides Claire, and Brides Ornees. The Fonds Claire include the Reseau or net patterned grounds and varieties of the same. 2. A source of supply, stock, store or stores. Obs. in material sense. (In Fr. now fonds.) 1685 Dryden Albion Sp Albanus Pref., Here, therefore, if they will Criticise, they shall do it out of their own Fond. 1704 Swift T. Tubv ii. 142 Some new Fonde of Wit should, if possible, be provided. 1707 Curios, in Husb. Sp Gard. 92 The Juices of Plants are one of the richest Fonds of Physick. 1872 Mrs. Oliphant Ornbra I. ii, Kate herself was not indifferent to the fond of appreciation thus secured to her. FOND. 395 FONDLING. f 3 . A stock or sum of money, esp. one set apart for a particular purpose; pecuniary means, re¬ venues. (In Fr. now fonds.) Obs. 1673 Temple Observ. United Prov. Wks. 1731 I. 38 This Fond being not sufficient in Times of War, is supplied by the States with whatever more is necessary from other Fonds. 1690 Will. III. Sp. Pari, 25 Nov. in Lond. Gaz. No. 2613/1 The Civil Government, which has no Fonds for its Support. 1691 T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent, p. cxi. The want of any Fonds to support the Charge of such Office, t 4 . A sum of money, a stock of goods, or amount of revenues, serving as a security for specified pay¬ ments. (In Fr. now fonds.) Obs. 1677 Chas. II. in Marvell Growth Popery 39 Without the sum Six hundred thousand pounds, or Credit for such a sum, upon new Fonds. a 1687 Petty Pol. Arith. x. (1691) 114 Making a Fond of such value, to be security for all Commodities. 1693 Mem. Ct. Teckely 1. 47 The Princess .. had seized the fonds whereupon the Pension of their Ministers was assigned. 1714 Lo>id. Gaz. No. 5260/4 Debts ..secur’d by Judgment, Statute, Recognizance, Fond, or Specialty. + 5 . Printing = Fount. Obs. 1678 Phillips, Fond or Fund .. Among Letter-founders, a parcel of Printing Letters, as many as are Printed at a time. Fond (f^nd), a. and sb . 2 Forms: 4 formed, -yd, 5 fonnet, 5-fond, 5-7 fonde, 9 Sc. and dial. font. [ME. fanned) f. Fon v. + -edL] A. adj. (orig. ppl. a.). f 1 . That has lost its savour; insipid; sickly- flavoured. Obs. exc. dial. c 1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 57 }if salt be fonnyd it is not worj?i. 1388 — Prol. x.31 He is seid fonned salt, not prophit- able toeny thing. 1784 Cullum Hist. Hawsted 171 Fond , faint or fulsome ; applied to smell or taste, a 1825 Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Fond, luscious; fulsome; disagreeably sweet, in taste or in smell. 2 . Infatuated, foolish, silly. Since 16th c. the sense in literary use has been chiefly: Foolishly credulous or sanguine. In dialects the wider sense is still current. Cf. Fonned///. a. a 1340 Hampole Psalter Cant. 523 Sho ioyed not .. in vanytes of \>is lyfe as our fonnyd maydyns dos now. 1388 Wyclif Exod. xviii. 18 Thou art wastid with a fonned trauel. <71400-50 Alexander 5513 A fonned fantasy f?an fell in his hert. c 1460 Towneley Myst . 199 This fond foylle. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 63 b, And suche communly be as dotrelles, whiche is a fonde byrde. 1580 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 241 He yat is young thinketh the olde man fond. 1650 Fuller Pisgah 11. xii. 250 Never more to fright Children with fond tales of Bug-bears. 1681 Glanvill Sadducismus Ded., I am not fond enough to phancy any Art .. to recommend it. <11703 Burkitt On N. T. Heb. xi. 22 To dig mens’ bones out of their graves, to enshrine them..is fond and ridiculous, a 1748 Watts Improv. Mind 11. iii. § 8, I am not so fond as to think I have [etc.]. 1798 W. Hutton Aittobiog. 36 Seized with a fond fit of farming, I took the place into my own hands. 1831 Carlyle Sart. Res. 11. ii. (1872) 65 Writing from the abundance of his own fond ineptitude. 1832 Hare in Philol. Mus. I. 247 An attempt to settle its age cannot with any justice be censured as a fond waste of time in mere literary trifling. 1847-8 H. Miller First Impr. viii. (1857) 129 Evangelistic Dissent was fond enough to believe the cause a common one. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss., Fond , foolish, weakminded. quasi -adv. 1601 Shaks. A IPs Well 1. iii. 76 Fond done, done fond, was this King Priams ioy. 3 . In stronger sense : Idiotic, imbecile, mad; also, dazed. + With to : Mad for. Obs. exc. dial. c 1400 Destr. Troy 6182 The pepull of Poyem. .were fond to the fight. 1483 Cath. Angl. 137/1 Fonde, arepticius , astrosus. 1640 Durh. VestryBks. (Surtees) 303 For puttinge fond Allye’s child to nursinge. .is. 4d. 1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves Gloss., Fond, silly, stupid like an ideot. 1876 Mid- Yorksh. Gloss., Fond, silly. ‘ I’d a dizziness in my head that turned me fair fond.’ + 4 . Of things: Valued only by fools, trifling, trivial. Obs. 1603 Shaks. Meas./or M. 11. ii. 149 lie bribe you .. Not with fond Sickles of the tested gold. 1645 Ussher Body Div. (1647) 2 39 When we sweare by .. bread, salt, fire, and many fond trashes. 5 . a. Of persons, their actions and attributes : Foolishly tender; over-affectionate, doting. In later use without reproachful sense: Affectionate, loving, tender. 1579 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 106 A cooling Carde for Philau- tus and all fond louers. 1641 Hinde J. Bruen x. 34 Fond affection without moderation. 1749 Wesley Wks. (1872) XIII. 162 A loving husband is a very amiable character. A fond one I think is not so. 1759 Robertson Hist. Scot. I. 10 A hero to whom the fond admiration of his country¬ men hath ascribed many fabulous acts of prowess. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. xxii, I called up the many fond things I had to say. 1816 J. Wilson City of Plague 1. iii. 60 She .. in the light Of her fond parents’ love was fostered. 1854 Mrs. Oliphant Magd. Hepburn III. 285 Ritchie is fond, and loves to see me fair arrayed. b. Of opinions, sentiments, etc.: Cherished or entertained with strong or unreasoning affection. 1635 N. R. Camden's Hist. Eliz. (an. 21) 11. 200 Don John .. resigned his fond ambition. 1683 Soame & Dryden tr. Boileau's A rt of Poetry iv. 63 In vain their fond Opinions you deride, With their lov’d Follies they are satisfy’d. 1750 Carte Hist. Eng. II. 337 Edward’s .. fond opinion of his own capacity. 1842 Abdy Water Cure ( 1843) 212 A practice which..holds out a hope of giving an enduring reality to his fondest wishes. 1871 Macduff Mem. Patinos ix. 112 To defraud His servant of his fond expectation. 1872 Ruskin Eagle's N. § 121 Children..Bred, .by their parents, in the fond poverty of learning. 6 . Const, of (formerly \on)\ Having strong affection or liking for (a person or thing, a pursuit, etc.). 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. 11. i. 266 He may proue More fond on her, then she vpon her loue. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 231 The she Apes, .are wonderous fond of their little ones. 1615 Latham Falconiy (1633) 32 Many Hawks .. grow fond on them or him that doe. .bring them vp. 1665 Boyle Occas. Ref. iv. ii. (1845) 175 So fond of the Sun. 1754 Richard¬ son Grandison I. xii. 68, I am fond of talking to this young Lady. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) V. 294 They feed upon all sorts of grain, but are fondest of millet-seed. 1801 Strutt Sports 4 Past. 1. i. 4 ./Edgar .. was extremely fond of the sports of the field. 1833 Ht. Martineau Berkeley the Banker 1. ix. 169 Lewis has made his uncle and aunt very fond of him already. + b. With of : Possessed with admiration for, proud of. Obs. 1702 Rowe Tamerl. Ded., There is no part in your Lord¬ ship’s Character but what the World would be fond of. 1754 Richardson Grandison I. i. 3 He is a vain creature you know, and seemed fond of what he had written. 17. Eager for (some object), desirous of, or strongly inclined to (an action). Const, of Obs. 1552 Huloet, Fonde or desierous. 1594 Shaks. Liter. 134 Those that much couet are with gaine so fond. 1666 Marvell C^rnWks. 1872-5 II. Hv.i9iThe redemption of the chimney-money at eight years purchase we are very fond of. 1689 Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) I. 604 Many persons have blamed duke Schonberg for not fighting the Irish army, which our men seem’d so fond of. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) I. xx, They would be fond of buying it. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) I. 16 The man was not fond of marrying at all. 1760 Goldsm. Cit. World cxi, People are naturally fond of going to paradise at as small expense as possible. 1772 Foote Nabob iii. (1778) 63, I fancy he will not be very fond of prolonging his visit.. 1779 Burke Corr. (1844) II. 256 Sentiments which no being in human form could.. be fond of owning. b. With to and inf. (rarely with that ): Having a liking, eager, glad to (do something). Now rare. All the examples in 19th c. and nearly all those in late 18th c. are from Scottish writers. 1546 J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 3 Both these, for loue to wed with me fond are. 1587 Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1582/2, I find no great cause I should be fond to Hue. 1695 Blackmore Pr. Arth. 1. 738 They all seem fond to wear the Martyr’s Crown. 1734 Watts Reliq. Juv. (1789) 106 We are so fond to appear always in the right. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) V. 376 Nor could I be fond that they should see you. 1766 Goldsm. Double Trans¬ form. 53 Fond to be seen, she kept a bevy Of powdered coxcombs at her levy. 1769 Robertson Chas. V , VI. vi. 59 They are fond to interpret it as an omen of the bloody war that followed. 1826 Literary Souvenir 198 The bravest of the two is fond to whistle, that he may keep up the courage of his comrade. 1883 Blackie in 19 th Cent. Apr. 607 ‘ The year of Charlie as the Highlanders are fond to call it. 8 . Comb., as fond-blind, -conceited , - hardy , - like, -. sparkling, adjs.; fond plough — fool-plough : see Fool sb. 6. 1594 Barnfield Affect. Sheph. 11. xxiv. (Arb.) 16 Be thou *fond-blinde. .Thou are my Loue. 1590 Greene Orl. Fur. Wks. (Rtldg.) 109/1 Follower of * fond-conceited Phaeton. 1659 Torriano, Corrivo .. *fond - hardie. 1632 Brome Northern Lass 11. ii, Mine Vncle and he fell on other talke, of Lords and Ladies, and many *fond-like things.. 1889 Barrie Window in Thrums xix, But she saw ’at he laid it on the fire fell fond-like. 1788 W. Marshall Yorksh. Gloss., * Fond-plufe. 1831 Howitt Seasons (1854) 43 The custom of the.. Fond Plough. 1786 Burns Yon wild mossy Mountains vi, But. kindness .. in the *fond-sparkling e'e, Has lustre outshining the diamond to me. + B. absol. and sb. A foolish person, a fool. 1519 Horman Vulg. 19 It is vnlucky with fondis to do on the lyft sho first. 1575 Churchyard Chippes (1817) 45 The fond will read awhile, but cares for nought. + Fond, v. Obs. Also 6 fonde. [f. Fond a.] 1. intr. To play the fool ; to become foolish. ?i53o Exam. W. Thorpe in Foxe A. fy M. (1563) 164/2 And the clarke sayde. I fonded, and that I sayde not truthe. Ibid. Thou wouldest make vs to fonde with the. a 1541 Wyatt 7 Penit. Ps. Poet. Wks. (1861) 208 The sword shall pierce the heart of such that fonds. 2. Const, on, over, upon. To entertain a fond or foolish affection for ; to dote upon. Also simply, to display fondness. 1530 Palsgr. 555/2 ,1 fonde, or dote upon a thyng for in- ordynate love. 1567 Turberv. Ovid's Epist. 154 Whilst thou..did fonde on Phyllis. 1590 Fenne Frutes 1. 53 Immoderately fonding over wife, sonne, daughter. 1601 Shaks. Twel. N. 11. ii. 35 My master loues her deerely, And I (poore monster) fond asmuch on him. 3. trans. To make a fool of; to befool. 1540 Hyrde tr. Vives ’ Instr. Chr. Worn. 1. xvi. S i b, They dote and fonde [L. dement ant] good yonge men. a 1547 Surrey /Eneid iv. 489 Did I not him .. fonded [ demens ] eke invest Of halfe my realme ? 1566 Drant Horace's Sat. iv. B viij, Love of goods, or love of rule doth fonde him now and then. 1567 — Horace's Epist. i. C iij, Such follye fondes a man and fondly makes him roue. 4. To show fondness for ; to caress, fondle. 1676 Dryden A urengz. iv. i, Howe'r unjust your jealousie appear.. I’ll fond it, as the froward Child of Love. 1697 — /Eneid 1. 962 The Tyrian hugs, and fonds thee on her breast. b. To beguile; also to beguile to (disaster). 1627-77 Feltham Resolves 1. xxvi. 45 The Meretricious world claps our cheeks, and fonds us to a cozening fail. 1682 Southerne Loyal Brother 11, My poor heart Would fain be fonded with the hopes of rest. Hence Fcrnded ppl. a., a. deluded, foolish; b. fondly loved. Founding vbl. sb., fondness. 1566 Drant Horace's Sat. ii. B b, They, the sillye fonded fooles, Do feaste him. 1665 R- B. Comment on 2 Tales 99 Put on a smooth Brow, and feign a kind of Fonding. 1701 Steele Chr. Hero iii. 52 A brighter diadem than ever Fortune bestowed on the most fonded. .of her favourites. Fond : see Fand v. Obs., to attempt, try, etc. Fond, obs. pa. t. Find : obs. form of Found v. 1 II Fonda (fjrnda). [Sp.fonda from Arab.: see Fonduk.] Ahotel,an inn(inSpain orSp. countries). 1826 Capt. Head Pampas 127 They then came into the yard of the Fonda (inn). 1877 B. Harte Story of a Mine iii, He plunged into the first Fonda at the wayside. II Fondaco (fp’ndaktf). Also 6 fondego, 7 fundaeo. [It., ad. Arab.; see Fonduk.] An inn; also, in North Africa, + a building containing a merchant’s residence and sale rooms. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 183 At the death of one of their marchants ill Alexandria, .the French Consul Vento sealing up his fondego and chamber tooke under his seal his goods. 1632 Lithgow Trnv. ix. 385 A Fundaeo or Inne. 1833 J. H. Newman Lett. (1891) I. 397 The landlady of the fondaco asked me if I was going to Paris. Fondak : see Fonduk. Fondant (fondant), [a. Fr. fondant sb. and pr. pple. of fondre to melt.] A sweetmeat made chiefly in France : (see quots.). Also atlrib. 1877 Encycl. Brit. VI. 257 Fondants.. are made from solutions boiled to the point of crystallization, properly coloured and flavoured, and cast into moulds made of starch. 1892-4 Encycl. Cookery (Garrett) I. 602/1 Fondants. This term has become familiar to us for kinds of soft sweets that ‘melt’ in the mouth. Ibid. 602/2 Divide the Fondant-paste into two portions. Fondary : see Foundry. Fondement, obs. form of Fundament. Fonding : see Fanding, Founding vbl. sbs. Fondish (fp-ndij), a. [f. Fond a. + -ish.] Somewhat fond. b. dial. (See quot. 1876 .) 1834 J. Wilson in Blackzv. Mag. XXXV. 860 An old man..fondish of literature. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Fondish, shallow in point of intellect; whimsical. Fondle (fjrndl), V. [frequentative of Fond v. Cf. Dandle, Faddle.] + 1. trans. To treat with fond indulgence; to cocker, pamper. Also, to bring to (a state or condition) by indulgence. Also with up. Obs. 1694 Dryden Love Triumphant 11. i, Ximena, you have fondled him to this. 1721 Amhurst Terrae-Filins No. 8 p 11 Where one would stand it out. .twenty chose rather to be fondled up, and call’d mother’s nown boys at any expence. 1732 Bolingbroke in Swift's Lett. (1766) II. 157 You shall be nursed, fondled, and humoured. 1757 Johnson Rambler No. 175 p 5 Every day sends out, in quest of pleasure .. some heir fondled in ignorance. 1789 Mad. D’Arblay Lett. Apr., I knew you would, .fondle them [poultry] like your children. 2. To handle or treat with fondness; to caress. Also, to press fondly to (the heart). 1796 H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) H. 52 The sheep, which he fondled when a lamb.. 1832 W. Irving Alhambra II. 36 The prince fondled it to his heart. ‘ Happy bird ’, said he. 1859 Kingsley Misc. (i860) I. 282 To fondle the reptile is to be bitten by it. 1874 Green Short Hist. vii. § 3. (1876) 363 Elizabeth, .fondled her‘sweet Kobin’, Lord Leicester, in the face of the court. Jig. 1818 Keats Endym. 1. 311 Zephyr.. Fondles the flower amid the sobbing rain. 3. intr. To behave, play or speak fondly; to toy ; also to bestow caresses on. 1726 Gay Work for a. Cooper 78 He. .fondled on her like his child. 1727 Pope, &c., Art oj Sinking 102 He fondles like a mere stammerer. 1773 Goldsm. Stoops. to Conq. iv. (Globe) 667/2 Fondling together, as I’m alive. 1840 Dickens OldC. Shop i, ‘Foolish Nell’, said the old man fondling with her hair. 1880 G. Meredith Trag. Com. 74 Unable to take such services without rewarding him, she fondled. Jig. 1836 Landor Pericles Aspasia liii, Sighs full often fondle with reproofs. 1874 Lowell Agassiz 11. lvii, Per¬ suasion fondled in his look and tone. Hence Fondled ppl. a. Also Fo'ndle sb., an act of fondling. Fo'ndler, one who fondles. >755 Johnson, Fondler. 1788 C. Reeve Exiles III. 169 Those fondled and spoiled children, who are disagreeable to all others. 1833 Lamb Elia (i860) 419 It was a stranger to the patient fondle, the hushing caress. 1876 Miss Yonge Womankind xviii. 135 Whether the elder brother starts as .. the champion and fondler. Fondlesome (ffvnd’k&n), a. [f. Fondle v. + -some.] Addicted to fondling. 183s Beckford Recoil. 36 Turtle doves were never more fondlesome. Fondling' (ffndliri), vbl. sb. [f. Fondle v. + -ing 1 .] The action of the vb. Fondle ; an affec¬ tionate handling ; a fond gesture. 1714 Mandeville Fab. Bees (i733)_ IL 211 The various expressions of their fondness for their infants, which fon¬ dling of them ever increases. 1781 Mickle Siege of Mar¬ seilles 11. iv, Cyrus made no. .amorous fondling lo fan her pride. 1886 Hall Caine Son of Hagar 1. i, Embraced each other with the quiet fondling of lambs. Fondling (fp-ndlir)). [f. Fond a. + -ling.] +1. A ‘ fond ’ or foolish person. Also transf. of animals. Obs. £•1440 York Myst. xix. 157 pan schall pat fandelyng felle Be-lyue his bliss schall Wynne. 1547-64 Bauldwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) 56 The vicious & rich faulty fondling..by 50-2 FONDLING. 396 FONTANELLE. whom common-weales are destroyed. 1589 Nashe Ana/. Absurd. 29 How farre are these fondlings from imitating Crates the Philosopher. 1594 Chapman Shadow of Night Eja, Thou and thy Nimphs shall .. mocke the fondling, for his mad aspire. 1613-16 W. Browne Brit. Past. 11. i, See how yonder fondlings teare Their fleeces in the brakes. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk Sclv. To Rdr., I should lacken it.. by making such a Fondling the Penman of it. 1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves Gloss., Fondling, an ideot. 2. One who is fondly loved; one who is much fondled or caressed ; a pet. Also fig. Now rare. 1640 H. Mill Nights Search 128 When this Spark is from his Fondling gone. 1692 L’Estrange Fables No. 248 Partiality in a Parent is commonly Unlucky, .for Fondlings are in danger to be made Fools. 1699 Locke Hum. Utul. (ed. 4) iv. xix. § 16 That may shew it [an opinion] to be a Fondling of our own. 1702 Rowf. Tavierl. hi. i. 1059 The Fondling once of her dear Father’s Arms. 1788 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 5 Jan.. Frogs, .kept in glasses for fondlings and favourites. 1834 Southey Doctor ix, He became his father’s companion imperceptibly as he ceased to be his fondling. Fondling (f^ndlig), ppl. a. [f. Fondle v. + -ing 2 .] That fondles ; caressing, endearing. 1676 Glanvill Seasonable Refl. 207 What can the fondling flesh and the world do for thee? £1704 Prior Henry Emma 65 He call’d her. .his Nut-brown Maid, The friends and tenants took the fondling word. 1768 Goldsm. Good-n. Man iv. i, I will discard the fondling hope from my bosom. 1798 Mad. D’Arblay Let. Mar., He. .called out in a fondling manner. 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. II. 27 His chuff cheeks dimpling in a fondling smile. 1824 Miss Mitford Village Ser. 1.(1863)211 By that fondling nursery name she best liked to be called. 1850 Kingsley Alt. Locke i. (1879) I 3 And spoke to my mother in a fondling, patronizing way. Hence ro*ndlingly adv. 1835 New Monthly Mag. XLV. 80 She clings fearingly and fondlingly to Lablache. Fondling, obs. form of Foundling. Fo'ndly, adj. rare, [f. Fond a. + -ly h] Fond; f foolish. Hence Fondliness, fondness. 1587 M. Grove Pelops <$• Hipp. (1878) 77 Leaue such fondly toyes. 1852 J. B. Owen in Talbot Meliora Ser. 1. 135 The fond old man. .squeezed [her hand] with a fondlier emotion than usual. 1821 New Monthly Mag. I. 646 Bright partners of the sky, each other’s gloom Cheering with smile of mutual fondliness. Fondly (fencin'), adv. [f. Fond a. + -ly 2 .] + 1. Foolishly. Obs. c 1340 Cursor M. 16461 (Laud) Iudas beheld & sie how fondly they with hym dalt. [Doubtful; MS. is 15th c.] X40X Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 97 Thou fejmest fonnedli that oure Lord we sclaundre. 1483 Cath. Angl. 1^7 Fondely, stulte. 1551 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. ix. 23 Suche other thynges as menne be wont to doe verye fondly. 1634 Ford P. IVarbeck iv. iv, He fondly angles who will hurl his bait Into the water, ’cause the fish.. dares not bite. 1648 Jos. Beaumont Psyche xix. xxx, Still thy Adventure’s manage¬ ment debases The fondly-founded credit of thy Bliss. 2. With self-pleasing or affectionate credulity. 1762 Goldsm. Cit. IV. xlvii. (1837) 189 You would fondly persuade me that my former lessons still influence your con¬ duct. 1805 Wordsw. Prelude 111. 482 That they needs Must keep to all, as fondly all believe, Their highest promise. 1824 W. Irving T. Trav. II. 12, I will henceforth., endeavour to be all that she fondly imagined me. 1851 Gladstone Glean. VI. lxix. 45, I..am fondly perhaps but yet firmly assured [etc.]. 1862 Lord Brougham Brit. Const. x. 131 [The English] have fondly traced the origin of our free institutions to the most remote ages. 1885 Law Times LXXIX. 159/1 Legal learning is not, we fondly hope, a thing of the past. 3. Affectionately, lovingly, tenderly. Also, with show of affection, caressingly. *593 Shaks.. Rich. II, in. ii. 9 As a long parted Mother with her Child, Playes fondly with her teares. 1737-8 Savage Volunteer Laureat vi. 9 To be or fondly or severely kind. .Parents shall learn from Her. 1757 Foote Author 1. Wks. 1799 I. 131 You loved her, Sir .. Fondly.—Nay, foolishly. 1797-1800 Coleridge Chilstabel Poems (1862) 287 Fondly in his arms he took Fair Geraldine. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. III. 95 He never looked on her so fondly as now. Fondness (fondnes). [f. Fond a. + -ness.] 1. Foolishness, folly; ‘weakness; want of sense or judgement ’ (J.); an instance of this. Obs. exc. dial. C1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 266 pei seyn pat pe speche of holy writt is fals pat reuersip here owene fonnydnesse. 1434 Misyn Mending of Life 116 Slike lufe truly in pe begyn- nyng is labyr & fondnes. 1460 Capgrave Chron ., 6 Hen. Ill (Rolls) 151 In his fonnednesse he wold sey that he was so arayed for savacion of the world. 1533 Frith Answ. More G j, It were fondnes to fayne that the soule did other wise eate then do the Angellys in heauen. 1609 C. Butler Fern. Mon. iv. (1623) Hj, Others seeing the fondnesse of this opinion haue..taught that the Drone is a different species., a 1797 H. Walpole Mem. Geo. //(1847) F iv. 85 Lord Lincoln, .was the mimic of his fulsome fondnesses and follies. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss., Fondness , foolishness. 2. Foolish affection ; unreasoning tenderness. *579 - 8o North Plutarch (1676) 76 Persons, .which suffer themselves to be overcome with such passions and fondness in their mourning. 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 889 Neither his goodness being Fondness, nor his Justice Cruelty. 1702 Eng. Theophrast. 4 The players, .like their parts to a Fondness. 1727 Gay Fables 1. iii. 31 By partial fondness shown, Like you, we doat upon our own. a 1859 Macaulay Hist. Eng. V. 236 The object of her fondness was Spencer Cowper, who was already married. 3. Affectionateness, tenderness. X603 Shaks. Meas.for M. 11. iv. 28 The generall subiect to a wel-wisht king, .in obsequious fondnesse Crowd to his presence. 1703 Rules of Civility 25 It is not discreet for a man to express too much Fondness of his Wife before Company. 1727 Swift To veryyng. Lady Wks. 1755 II. 11. 41, I must likewise warn you..against the least degree of fondness to your husband before any witness whatsoever. 1782 Han. More Moses 1. 5 A mother’s fondness reigns Without a rival. 1838 Lytton Alice 1. iii, The curate, .was not insensible to the fondness of his beautiful pupil. 1868 Helps Realmah xv. (1876) 400 The fondness of her words did not console him. 4. Instinctive or unreasoning liking or par¬ tiality ; strong inclination, propensity or desire. Const, for, + of, \to, also f to with inf. 1654 Hammond Fundamaitals xviii, Through indulgence to others, or fondness to any sinne in themselves. 1665 Boyle Occas. Refl. x. (1845) 335 So conspicuous is this Creatures fondness of Light. 1713 Steele Guardian No. i F 1 They have a restless fondness for satisfying the world in the Mistakes [etc.]. 1735 Mrs. Whiteway Swift's Lett. (1768) IV. 141 Mr.-’s great fondness to get his wife home, was to stop a prosecution she had begun against him. 1754 Richardson Grandison I. viii. 40 Will he not attribute all I shall repeat of this sort, .to that fondness of admiration. 1841 Elphinstone Hist. Ind. II. 314 He showed no fond¬ ness for war. 1885 Clodd Myths ain fante. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 241 yElc cristen man anon se stepcS up of \>c funte wer he ifulled is. a 1225 St. Marher. 1 Euch ifulhet in font o)?e almihti federes nome. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 548 Y-vollid on )>e haly fant. 1447 Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.) iii Crystnyd I was in a funt of stoon. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccccii. 698 They .. brake downe the fownte wherin the erle was christned. i6ix Coryat Crudities 35 A Font of baptisme, made of porphyrie stone, a 1658 Cleveland To T. C. 14 A gray Bark That stood at Font for Noah’s Ark. 1756-7 Keyslers Trav. (1760) 490 The large marble font is divided by four parti¬ tions. 1865 Kingsley Herew. Prel. 6 The curse which Dunstan had pronounced against him at the baptismal font. b. pi. (with singular sense), rare. (Cf. Fr .fonts, Eccl. Lat. fontes a font.) The pi. has been explained as referring to the compound fonts of several basins found in some early baptisteries. But prob .fontes baptismi , originally meant only ‘the fountains (i. e. the waters) of baptism ’, the application as the name of the vessel being secondary. 1877 J- I>. Chambers Div. Worship 186 The Fonts at the West end of the Nave. 2. transf. a. A receptacle for holy water, b. The reservoir for oil in a lamp. 1 54 2- 5 Brinklow Lament. (1874) 100 The wyne wyll waxe sower and stincke, as doth their holy water in the founte by longe kepinge. 1644 Ord. Parlt. in Vestry Bks. (Surtees) 322-3 Noe C^pes, Surplices, .or Holy water Fonts, to be any more used. 1872 O. Shipley Gloss. Eccl. Terms, Holy Water Font. 1891 Sale Catal. Glass Wks., Stour¬ bridge, Two hundred and fifty-five lamp fonts. 3. = Fount. Now only poet. 1611 Coryat Crudities 26 Delicate fonts and springes. 1658 J. Jones Ovufs Ibis 2nd Ded., On Parnasse hill rose the Nectarian Font. 1735 Somerville Chase iii. 342 Adown His tortur’d Sides the Crimson Torrents roll From many a gaping Font, c 1750 Shenstone Elegies i. 46 Near font or stream, in meditation, rove. 1878 B. Taylor Deukalion iv. ii, The font Bubbling and brightening with an inward life, Spins up in silver, tinkling as it falls. 4. att rib. and Comb., as font-cloth , - cover , - taper , - vat ; also font-name, (one’s) baptismal name; + font-wife, ? a woman appointed to collect donations at baptisms. 1553 Inv. in Trans. Essex Archaeol. Soc. (1884) 10 Itm. a *ffownte clothe. 1885 R. W. Dixon Hist. Ch. Eng. III. 450 Font-cloths with altar-cloths, a 1661 Fuller Worthies, Hartfordshire 11. (1662) 20 Seeing his own ^font-name was a Papall one. 1679 Burnet Hist. Ref (1865) I. 150 note. It seems unlikely that he [Bonner] alone in the grace should be written by his font name when all the others were by their surname. 1519 in W. L. Nash Chnrchw. Acc. St. Giles, Reading (Camden) 5, Ij standerds and the *ffont taper, c 1000 in Thorpe Ags. Horn. II. 268 HaeSen cild .. biS jebroht synfull .. to cam *fant-fiete. c 1220 Bestiary 108 Naked [he] failed in Se funt-fat, and cumeS ut al newe. 1569 Chnrchw. Acc. Stanford in Antiquary Apr. (1888) 169 Eliza Yat. .and Elenor Sauere were chossen *fount wyeffs this yer, but the gathered nothing this yer. Pont (f^nt), sbP Also 7 fonte. [ad. Fr. fonte , {. fondre to melt, cast.] 1. a. The action or process of casting or founding. | lit. and fig. rare. b. concr. Cast iron. 1578 Inventories (1815)249 Ane moyane of fonte markit with the sallamandre having ane new stok without yron werk. 1676 Marvell Mr. Smirke 34 A Sermon, .that was preached before His Majesty, and by his special command to be Printed, is it seems making over again, there having been sure some error in the Fonte. 1883 C. C. Perkins Ital. Sculpt. 273 When the figure was ready to be cast in bronze, Michelangelo seems suddenly to have remembered j that, as he knew nothing of the processes of the font, he could not [etc.]. 2. Printing. (In England usually Fount, q.v.) tFont, v. Obs. [f. prec. sb.] trans. To * christen ’, name. 1652 Persuasive to Compliance 17 Flattery, rather then Truth, fonted them Fathers of their Country. a 1659 Osborn Queries Wks. (1673) 593 It being likelier to have been the voice of Custom than Reason that fonted a bare Knowledge in Tongues wilh the title of Learning. Fontal vfy'ntal), a. and sb. [ad. med.L .fontdlis, {.font-,fons Fount, Font.] A. adj. 1. Of or pertaining to a fountain or spring ; coming as from a spring, rare. 1656-81 in Blount Glossogr. a 1711 Ken Hymn. Evang. Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 69 O Jesu. .Stream from thy fontal Fulness a small Rill, My soul to purify..and fill. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Suppl. s.v. Alga, The alga’s are some ; marine, .others fontal, growing in springs. 1822 T. Taylor I Apuleius iii. 58 She made a libation, .with fontal water. 1855 Bailey Mystic 85 Within whose veins condensed the essential dew Flows fontal. 2. Pertaining to the source of anything; that is the source of other things ; original, primary. 1677 Gale Crt. Gentiles I. iv. 272 The fontall Unitie and infinite Abyss of his own Essence, a 171X Ken Hymn.Evang. Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 135 When Godhead Fontal and Deriv’d, co-breath. 1793 T. Taylor Orat. Julian 30 The fontal sun, then, subsists in Jupiter the perfect artificer of the world. 1817 Coleridge Biog. Lit . 95 The fontal truths of natural religion. 1858 E. Caswall Masque of Mary 16 Hail, Mother of all ages! fontal source of humankind. 1883 A. Roberts O. T. Revisioti vii. 139 Whence was that fontal text derived? 3. Pertaining to the font, baptismal. ? 1797 Coleridge Poems, Christen. FrictuVs Child i, This ! day among the faithful placed, And fed with fontal manna. X846 Keble Lyra Innoc. (ed. 3) 6 The fontal wave To each ■ apart the glory gave, Washing us clean. B. sb. +1. Source, ‘well-spring’ {fig-)- Obs. a 171X Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 379 Love’s I the propensive Fontal of our Wills. 2. Her. (see quot. 1828 - 40 ). 1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. xvi. 365 A Sea Nymph., resting her Arm upon a Water-pot or Fontall, from whence issues water all proper. 1828-40 Berry Encycl. Her. I. s. v., The gods of fountains and rivers and water nymphs are generally depicted with a water-pot from which flows the river they represent, which is termed a fontal. Hence Po ntally adv. a 1617 Bayne Diocesans Try all (1621) 69 It presupposeth the power of jurisdiction to be given originally and fontally to one person of the Church. Fontanelle, fontanel (fontane l). Forms: 6-8 fontenel(l(e, 6 fontynelle, 7 funtanel, 7-9 fontanel(l(e, fontinel(l(e. [a. Fr. fontanelle (OF. fontanele, fontcnele little fountain, also in fhe senses below), dim. of fontaine Fountain. Cf. It. fontanella little fountain, also hollow of the neck.] 1. Anat. fa. The hollow between two muscles. Mentioned as the appropriate place for the application of I a seton or a cautery: cf. sense 2. FONTANGE. 397 FOODY. 1541 R. Copland Guy don's Quest. Chirurg. iv. Pj, For that cause be the cetons & canteres [«V] done behinde the necke, and in the fontenelles of the lacertes where as one is deuyded from the other. Ibid. Pij, On the homoplate vnder the font[en]elles of the armes. Ibid., On the fontynelles vnder the knee. b. One of several membranous spaces in the head of an infant which lie at the adjacent angles of the parietal bones. (Syd. Soc. Lex) In some animals it is permanent. 1741 Monro Aunt. Bones (ed. 3) 71 That Part of the parietal and frontal Bones, where the Foutanelle is in Children. 1752 Smellie Midwif. I. 292 No perceiveable pulsation at the Foutanelle. a 1823 M. Baillie Wks. (1825) I. 187, I opened the head at the anterior fontinel. 1872 Mivart Elem. Anat. 127 The transitory fontanelle of man is permanent in some animals, as in Sharks. 1875 Huxley in Encycl. Brit. I. 755/1. A large space (fontanelle) covered in by membrane, which lies in the interorbital region [of the "ti Med. An artificial ulcer or a natural issue for the discharge of humours from the body. Obs . 1612. Woodall Surgeon's Mate Wks. (1639) 7 The cauterizing Irons .. are good to make a funtanell or Issue in the hinder part of the head. 1676 Phil. Trans. XI. 742 Fontinels or Issues naturally arising in the Arms and Feet. 1779 Johnson Let. to Dr. Taylor 3 Aug., He has a fontanel in his back. b. In extended sense: An outlet for the dis¬ charge of secretions, etc. Often with mixture of the etymological sense * fount ’. Also transf. and fig. 1649 Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. Disc. i. § 9 Why hath nature given to.Women two exuberant fontineles? 1650 — Holy Living ii. § 3 (1727) 75 The fontinel of whose desires hath been opened. 1660 Waterhouse Arms <$• Arm. 126 Whose fontenel sends forth matter with words. 1701 C. Wolley Jrnl. in New York (i860) 25 Nature.. purgeth it by Fontanels and Issues of running waters in its irriguous Valleys. 1848 R. E. Landor Fountain of Arethusa in. ii. § 1 Through this narrow fontanel of perforated rock. II Fontange (fontang). Also 7 fountange. [Fr .fontange, f. Fontanges the territorial title of a mistress of Louis XIV.] A tall head-dress worn in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. 1689 Shadwell Bury F. ii, What d’ye lack, Ladies? fine mazarine Hoods, Fontanges, Girdles. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 98 F 1 These old-fashioned Fontanges rose an Ell above the Head. 1883 F. G Stephens Catal. Prints Brit. Mus. IV. 282 An ugly old one-eyed woman in a fontange. + Fontanier, Obs. [ad. Fr. fontainier, f. fontaine Fountain.] One in charge of a fountain or fountains. 1641 Evelyn Diary ( 1871) 36 The hedge of water .. which the fontanier caused to ascend out of the earth. 1702 W. J. Bmyiis Voy. Levant xxxiv. 135 He lives at present at Loo . .in the Quality of chief Fontanier. Fontful (fjrirtful). [f. Font sbO + -ful.] As much as a font will hold. C1386 Chaucer Man of Laids T. 259 Thogh she a font¬ ful water with hir lede. 1866 Blackmore Cradock Noiuell iii, Labourers moistened their semi-regenerate clay with many a fontful of good ale. Fontlet (fontlet). [f. Font sbO +-let.] a. A little fountain, b. A little font (for baptism). X831 Lamb Elia Ser. 11. Newspapers 35 Y. Ago, The tracing of some mighty waters up to their shallow fontlet. 1894 T. J. Ball Diet. Elem. Ritual vi. 52 In privately baptizing the officiant should pour water on the child, .not sprinkle it out of a toy called a ‘ fontlet ’. + Fo’nt-stone, Obs. [f. Font sb . 1 + Stone.] The stone font used in baptism. c H75 Lamb. Horn. 149 pet 3e habbeS et pe fonstan under- fonge. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 247 Of holy vantston. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 548 Had he beo in crist be-leued, & fulled in holi fanston. 1426 Audelay Poems 11 This foreward furst we mad at the fonsston. 1594? Greene Selimus Wks. 1881-3 XIV. 267 They shal swear it vpon the font-stone. 1682 R. Burton Admirable Curiosities (1684) 121 As clean from my Sins as I was at the Font-stone. 1830 Scott Demonol. v. 147 If she would but deny .. the faith she took at the font-stone. + Fo'nt-water. Obs. [f. Font sbA + Wateu.] Water used in baptism. ciooo Sax. Leechd. II. 350 Wyrc f>onne drenc font waiter rudan saluian [etc.]. 1610 Bp. Hall Apol. Brownists Ded., One of them hath washt off thy font-water as vneleane. 1656 J. Trapp Comm. John vi. 49 A man may go to hell with font-water on his face. Fonje, var. of Foin sb . 1 Obs. Foo, obs. form of Foe. Food (f? 7 d), sb. Forms: 1 foda, 2-6 fode, 3 south, vode, (4 fod), 3-6 fud(e, (4 Sc. fute, 5 fotte, foyde, fudde, Sc. fwde, 6 fooade, Sc. fuid, fuode), 4-6 foode, 6- food. [OE .foda wk. masc.; the exact equivalent (:—OTeut. type *fd(fon -) does not occur elsewhere ; the synonymous ON .fade str. neut .yfirtici wk. fern. (Sw .foda fern., D&.fdde}, and Goth . fodcins str. fern., are derivatives of the cognate vb. OTeut. *fdtfjan to Feed. The Teut. root *fad-, fdet (whence also Fodder and the cognates there mentioned) represents OAryan *pat-, whence Gr. ttcltUoOcu , to feed.] 1 . What is taken into the system to maintain life and growth, and to supply the waste of tissue; aliment, nourishment, provisions, victuals. c iooo /Elfric Sigeio. Intcrr. in Anglia VII. 34 On be re oSre fleringe waes heora nytena foda gelo&od. a 1225 Auer. It. 260 He hefde uode ase ueol to him. a 1300 Cursor M. 23084 (Cott.), I was hungre.yee gaf me fode. 1375 Barbour Bruce x. 189 Syndri cornys that thai bair Woxe rype to wyn to mannys fude. a 1400-50 Alexander 1174 Him moneste.. to send.. fode for his oste. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xii. § 5 Men at their owne home take common foode. a 1687 Waller Upon Roscommon's Hor. 57 They [Bees] give us food, which may with nectar vie. 1789 G. White Selboriie Let. xv, Worms are their usual food. 1798 Malthus Popul. (1890) 288 Want of food .. the most efficient cause of the three immediate checks to population. 1860-1 Flo. Nightingale Nursing 46 A tea-cupful of some article of food, b. What is edible, as opposed to ‘ drink.’ 1610 Shaks. Temp. 1. ii. 160 Some food we had and some fresh water. 1697 Dryden VtYg. Georg, in. 790 Simple his Bev’rage, homely was his Food. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 516 The crews had better food and drink than they had ever had before. 1859 Tennyson Enid 1138 And wine and food were brought. t c. Sustenance, 1 livelihood Obs. a 1066 Charter of Eadward {MS. 14th c.) in Cod. Dipl. IV. 214 Ic wille Sat 5 aet cotlif .. Se Leofcild .. bequaS Crist and sainte Peter into Westminstre ligge unSder into 5 are munece fodan ellswa he hit geuSe. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xvm. 19 Peter fysshed for hus fode and hus fere Andreu. 1548 Forrest Pleas. Poesye 287 Which such may compell to earn their Fooade. a 1605 Montgomerie Sonn . xlvii, He that .. to mak faggots for his fuid is fane. d. Phrases: To be food for (an animal , worms ): to be a prey to, to be devoured by. To be food for fishes : to be drowned. Foodfor powder', fit only to be shot at or to die in battle. a 1225 A ncr. R. 276 Ne schalt tu beon wurmes fode ? 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, iv. ii. 71 Good enough to tosse : foode for Powder, foode for Powder: they’le fill a Pit, as well as better. Ibid. v. iv. 86 Hot. No Percy, thou art dust And food for— Prin. For Wormes, braue Percy. 1601 — A. Y. L. 11. vi. 7. 1894 Rider Haggard Mr. Meesoiis Will xxii, He was food for fishes now, poor fellow. e. An article of food; a kind of food. 1393 Gower Conf. 111 . 26 ,1 you shall reherce, How that my fodes ben diverse, c 1449 Pecock Repr. hi. v. 303 Hauyng foodis .. be we content. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 5 b God sent from heuen a swete fode for theyr brede called manna. 1617 Markham Caval. 1. 56 In England .. we have so many choyces of good foodes. 1674 N. Cox Genii. Recreat. iv. (1677) 45 The larger the Pike the courser the food. 1754 Diet. Arts <5- Sc. II. 1288 Foods proper for preserving health. 1887 Cassells Fam. Physician 911 What are the proper fuels, or foods, with which to supply it [the human machine]. 2 . With reference to plants : That which they absorb from the earth and air; nutriment. 1759 tr. DuhamePs Husb . 1. i. (1762) 3 The proper food of the plant. 1765 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. iii. (ed. 2) 5 The vegetation of plants is promoted by communicating to the earth their food. 1869 Roscof. Elem. Chem. (1878) 372 Plants possess the peculiar power of selection, by the roots, of the mineral constituents of food. 3 . fg. (In early use applied more widely than is now admissible.) c 1000 in Thorpe Ags. Horn. II. 396 Gif he hi forlastbuton 5 am godspellican fodan on heora andgite. £1175 Lainb. Horn. 63 Swa bi-houe 5 J?e saule fode, mid godes woraes mid gode mode, a 1300 Cursor M. 29058 (Cott.) pat pi fast to saul fode mai falle. a 1340 Hampole Psalter exxvii. 2 Trauels.. are now fode til soul. £1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 14 God, J>ou be my strengist fode. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems lxxii. 54 His face, the fude of angellis fre. 1538 Starkey England 55 Nuryschyd wyth the spiritual fode of hys celestyal word. 1595 Shaks. John iii. iv. 104 My faire sonne, My life, my ioy, my food, my all the world. 1600 — A. Y. L. iv. iii. 102 Orlando.. Chewing the food of sweet and bitter fancie. 1713 Steele Englishm. No. 10. 67 Praise is the Food of a great Soul. 1784 Covvper Tiroc. 620 Such is all the mental food purveyed By public hackneys in the schooling trade. 1801 Wordsw. Sonn. to Liberty 1. iv, What food Fed his first hopes? 1891 Edin. Rev. July 132 Fiction is the only intellectual food of thousands. b. In sense of: Matter to discuss or dwell upon. 1780 Burke Corr. (1844) II. 347 Our own manners afford food enough for poetry. 1825 Southey Tale of Paraguay iii. 19 A lively tale, and fraught With..food for thought. 1834 L. Ritchie Wand. by Seine 83 There the reflective will find food for their meditations. 4 . Iransf. + Material for keeping up a fire. *11050 Lib. Scintill. x. (1889'' 56 Foda fyres holt. *11225 Auer. R. 150 Bowes, .to none pinge betere pen to furesfode. b. = Shoddy: (see quot.) 1857 C. B. Robinson in Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) Gloss, s.v., The entire substance that falls on the floor being called * shoddy ’ or ‘ food ’, and being sold at a high rate for top dressing grass land. + 5 . The act of eating. In food : while eating or feeding. Obs. c 1250 Gen. § Ex. 894 Wi 5 bredes fode and wines drinc. a 1400-50 Alexander 2 Fayn wald pai here Sum farand ping efter fode to fayn pare her[t]. 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. v. i. 83 In food, in sport. .To be disturb’d, would mad or man, or beast. + 6. That which is fed ; a child, offspring. Also in wider sense : A creature, person, man. Obs . In early use also collect ., a brood, race. Cf. OF. norri- ture , nourriture , med. Lat. nutriment uni, a young animal. a 1250 Owl <5- Night. 94 pu fedest on heom a wel ful fode. a 1300 Cursor M. 682 (Cott.) Fouxl o flight, and fisson sand ..com and *ode, Als he war fader o pair fode. *11300 K. Horn 1384 Apulf he gode, Min o^ene child, mi le\e fode. 1375 Barbour Bruce iii. 578 Men mycht se mony frely fute About the costis thar lukand. c 1400 Ywaine Gaw. 1621 So fals a fode, Was never cumen of Kynges blode. ?£i475 Sqr. loiuc Degre 364 in Hazl. E. P. P. II. 37, I may not beleue. .My doughter dere he wyll betraye.. That fode to long with no foly. e 1485 Digby Myst . in. 942, I have a favorows fode, and fresse as the fakown. 7 . allrib. and Comb. a. simple attrib., as food- pan, - truck ; in sense of 1 fit or used for food as food-bird , -fish , - grain , - plant, -stuff, - substance. 1879 H. George Progr. # Pov. 11. iii. u88i) 116 If he but shoot hawks, *food-birds will increase. 1884 S. E. Dawson Handbk. Canada 334 Herring, haddock and other ^food- fishes are abundant. 1880 C. R. Markham Peruv. Bark 486 This remarkable *food grain might doubtless be usefully cultivated in the Himalayas. 1871 Alabaster Wheel oj Law 149 He .. took his ^food-pan, and went and sat unde* the shade of the great banyan tree. 1872 Yeats Techti. Hist. Comm. 208 Novel and valuable ^food-plants. 1872 Huxley PJtys. vi. 138 *Food-stuffs have been divided into heat-producers and tissue-formers. 1886 Longnt. Mag. VII. 329-The *food-truck which has now for two years been supported by the readers of Longman's Magazine. b. objective, as foo cl-gatherer, -grower', food- producing ppl. adj. 1865 Gosse Land Sea 153 The pseudopodia are ^food- gatherers as well as instruments of locomotion. 1841 S. Smith in Mem. (1855) II. 457 Neither butcher, nor baker, nor ^food-grower. 1870 Bryant Iliad II. xiv. 59 Lay one hand Upon the *food-producing earth. 8 . Special comb.: food-chemist, one occupied in the analysis of foods ; + food-fit a., fit to be used as food; food-rent (see quot.); f food-sick a., sick for want of food; food-yolk, the non- germinative part of the yolk of an egg, which nourishes the embryo. 1885 A. W. Blyth in Leisure Hour Jan. 24/2 A *food- chemist.. laying down the principles of diet. £1611 Syl¬ vester Du Bartas 11. iv. iv. Decay 423 As one same ground indifferently doth breed Both *food-fit Wheat and dizzie Darnell seed. 1875 Maine Hist. Inst. vi. 160 The rent in kind, or *food-rent. 1587 Mirr. Mag., Sir N. Burdet xxxii, When facing foysters fit for Tiburne frayes Are *foode-sicke faynt. 1851 Carpenter Man. Phys. (ed. 2) 474 Animals which are provided with afood-yolk’, t Food, v. Obs . [f. prec. sb.] trans. To supply food to ; to feed, nourish, support. 1399 Langl. Rich. Redeles 11. 135 3 e ffostrid and ffodid a ffewe of pe best. Ibid. in. 52 And with hir corps keuereth him. .And ffostrith and ffodith till ffedris schewe. U For the supposed fig. sense 1 to beguile,’ see Fode v. + Foo'der. Obs. [a. Qzx.fuder see Fother.] A measure of wine (see quot. 1679); a cask holding this quantity. 1679-88 Seer . Sent. Money Chas. $ Jos. (Camden) 118 5 fooder of Rhenish wine, containing 37 -, and 40^ gallons, a 1767 Sir A Idingar xli. in Child Ballads iii. lix. (1885) 46 Thou seemust as bigge as a ffooder. Foodful (f/ 7 'dful). Chiefly[f. Food sb. + -ful.] Abounding with or supplying food. Also, rich in nutriment, nutritious. 1638 G. Sandys Paraphr. fob. 55 When I made The food- full Earth. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 1. 204 From furrow’d Fields to reap the foodful Store. 1735 Somerville Chase iii. 248 The bleating Innocent, that claims in vain ..The foodful Teat. 1808 J. Baklow Columb. 1. 796 The sturdy fig..And foodful cocoa fan the sultry plain. 1868 Browning Ring Bk. ix. 246 No more frisk mgs o'er the foodful glebe. fig. 1791 Burke Afp. Whigs Wks. 1842 I. 522 The democratick commonwealth is the foodful nurse of ambition. + Foo'ding*. Obs. [f. Food v. +-ING 1 .] a. A feeding, b. Food. £ 1440 Promp. Paiv. 168/2 Fodynge, or norschynge,y*w/£/*- tum. 1650 Witt’s Recreations Epigr. No. 232 Thou might’st have thought. .(As Joan her fooding bought) som good, som bad. Foodless (fzr.dles), a. [f. Food sb. + -less.] 1 . Without food. a. Of persons or animals: Having no food. *11400-50 Alexander 2155 Lo, oure folez bene in fere for fodeles to dye. *11541 Wyatt Poems, Ps. xxxvii. 70 Nor yet [shall] his seed foodless seen for to be. 1725 Pope Odyss. xviii. 413 Both constrained to wield, Foodless, the scythe. 1821 Shelley Prometh. Unb. 1. 170 Foodless toads Within voluptuous chambers panting crawled. 1880 Earl Dunraven in 19 th Cent. Sept. 454 Our entirely foodless stomachs, .indicated that it was past noon. fig. 1887 Swinburne Locrine iv. i. 105 So shall fear, mistrust, and jealous hate Lie foodless. b. Of a country, place, etc. Devoid of food; not yielding food ; barren. 1636 G. Sandys Paraphr. Ps. evii. (1638) 131 He in foodless Deserts fed The Hungry. 1726-46 Thomson Winter 256 The foodless wilds Pour forth their brown inhabitants. 1842 R. Oastler Fleet Papers II. 359 Their home, .was foodless. 1861 Wynter Soc. Bees 199 Vast foodless tracts have to be traversed by her ships, the camels of the ocean. 2 . Without the properties of food ; innutritious. 1891 Independent (N. Y.) 13 Aug., Alcohol is shown to be foodless. Hence Poo'dlessness. 1852 Mcanderings of Mem. I. 10 Galls them no more their foodlessness or fag. Foody (fr?di), a. [f. as prec. + -Y 1 .] 1 . Full of, or supplying, food. (Only in Chap¬ man.) ci6n Chapman Iliad xi. 104 Who brought them to the sable fleet from Ida’s foody leas. Ibid. xv. 638 Jove’s great queen of birds .. Beholds where cranes, swans, cormorants, have made their foody fall. 1615 — Odyss. 11. 558 She., into well-sew’d sacks pour’d foody meal. 2 . Of wool (expressing superior quality). _ 1805 Luccock Nat. Wool 123 Wool of this discription is distinguished by the epithets foody and flowery. Foodyr, obs. form of Fodder. FOOKER. 398 FOOL. t Fooker. 0 />s. rare — 1 . [? var. of Fogger sb . 1 ; cf. Ger .fucker.] ? A capitalist, financier. 1607 Middleton Five Gallants 11. iii, Pist! a supply, cary't closely my little fooker,—how much. Fool (f« 1 ) sl>. 1 and a. Forms: 3-4 fol, (3 folle), 3-6 foie, (4 foyl), 4-6 foul(e, (4 fowle , 4-7 foole, (6 footle', 4-9 Sc. fule, 5-6 full(e, 5-7 Sc. fuil(l, -yll, (5 fwle), 4- fool. [ME. fol sb. and adj., ad. OF. fol sb. and adj. (mod.F. fou sb., insane person, madman, foil adj. masc., before vowel fol, fem. folle'), corresponding to Vi. fol, folk, It. folle :—L . follem, follis, lit. ‘bellows,’ but in late popular Lat. employed in the sense of ‘ wind¬ bag,’ empty-headed person, fool] A. sb. 1. 1 . One deficient in judgement or sense, one who acts or behaves stupidly, a silly person, a simpleton. (In Biblical use applied to vicious or impious persons.) The word has in mod. Enjp a much stronger sense than it had at an earlier period; it has now an implication of insulting contempt which does not in the same degree belong to any of its synonyms, or to the derivative foolish. Cf. F. sot. c 1275 Lay. 1442 CniJ>t pou art mochel fol. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 126 Elies es he a foie and noght wise. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vi. xvii. (1495) 203 Telle a foie his defawte, and he shall hate the. 1481 Caxton Godfrey xxv. 57 There ben more fooles than wysemen. ^1550 Christis Kirke Gr. xxii, For faintness tha forfochtin fulis Fell doun lyk flauchtir fails. 1612 Dekker If it be not good, Prol., Fooles by lucky Throwing, oft win the Game. 1709 Pope Ess. Crit. 625 For Fools rush in where Angels fear to tread. 1773 Mrs. Chapone Improv. Mind (1774) II. 111 Unless you improve your mind, .you will be an insignificant fool in old age. 1816 Scott Antiq. xliii, ‘ Mony a wise man sits in a fule’s seat, and mony a fule in a wise man’s, especially in families o' distinction.’ 1881 Besant & Rice Chapl. Fleet I. 144 No doubt, there have been fools before. b. Phrase. To be a fool to : to be every way inferior to, to be as nothing compared to. 1596 Shaks. Tam. SJir. in. ii. 159 Tut, she’s a Lambe, a Doue, a foole to him. 1791 ‘G. Gambado’ Ann. Horsem. xvii. (1809) 137 Childers would have been a fool to him. 1885 Rider Haggard K. Solomon's Mines 79 The Black Hole of Calcutta must have been a fool to it. t c. Used as a term of endearment or pity. Obs. C1530 Beaut. Women in Hazl. Dodsley I. 71 How say ye now by this, little young fool? *11586 Sidney Astrophel # Stella lxxiii, O heau’nly foole, thy most kisse-worthy face [etc.]. 1611 Shaks. Wint. T. 11. i. 118 Doe not weepe (goode Fooles) There is no cause. d. In various proverbial expressions. c 1400 Rom. Rose 5266 A fooles belle is soone runge. 1539 Taverner Erasm. Prov. (1552) 4 A foies bolt is soone shotte. 1546 J. Hey wood Prov. (1867) 46 There is no foole to the olde foole. 1563 B. Googe Epit. N. Grimaold Eglogs, etc. (Arb.) 74 But Fortune fa[u]ours Fooles as old men saye. 1606 Holland Sueton. Annot. 16 A foole or a physition. C1645 Howell Lett. I. v. xxxix, A fool and his money is soon parted. 1670 Ray Prov. 91 Fools build houses, and wise men buy them. 1721 Kelly Sc. Prov. 101 Every Man at thirty is a Fool or a Physician. 2 . One who professionally counterfeits folly for the entertainment of others, a jester, clown. The * fool ’ in great households was often actually a harm¬ less lunatic or a person of weak intellect, so that this sense and sense 4 are often hard to distinguish. ?i37o Robert Cicyle in Nugoe Poet. (1844) 54 Lyke a foie and a foie to bee, Thy babulle schalle be thy dygnyte ! c 1440 ipomydon 1643 He semyd a foie..Bothe by hede and by atyre. 1532 Privy Purse Exp. Hen. VIII, 205 For making of gere for the kinges foie xxx s. 1609 Dekker Gulls Horne-bk. Proem, Wks. (Grosart) II. 205 He may be . .his crafty foole, or his bawdy Jester. 1651 Brome Joviall Crew v. Wks. 1873 I. 451 To beg the next Fool-Royal’s place that falls. 1691 Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) II. 311 Mr. Graham, the fool in King Janies time. 1847 L. Hunt Jar Honey vi. (1848) 75 He had all the humiliations..of the cap and bells, and was the dullest fool ever heard of. b. To play the fool : to act the part of a fool or jester; hence gen. to act like a fool (sense i). c 1532 Devves Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 939 To plee the foie, baguenauder. 1579 Fulke Heskins' Pari. 295 He playeth the foole with that bable. 1659-60 Pkpys Diary 28 Feb., I staid up a little while, playing the fool with the lass of the house. 1722 De Foe Relig. Courtsh. 1. i, I advise you not to play the fool with me any longer. 1847 James J. Marston Hall viii, The parliament was playing the fool in Paris. c. Feast of Fools [ = med.L .festitm stultorum ] : properly the burlesque festival which in the Middle Ages was sometimes celebrated in churches on New Year’s Day; hence in various allusive uses. c 1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 2748 Sire, hastou owt herde the geste, Whi men made folen feste? 1609 Dekker Gulls Horne-bk. Proem. Wks. (Grosart) II. 209 To the intent I may aptly furnish this feast of Fooles. 3 . One who is made to appear a fool; one who is imposed on by others; a dupe. Now somewhat arch., exc. in phrases to make a fool ^(formerly also f to put the fool on), to dupe, befool; to be a fool for one s pains, to have one’s labour for nothing. c 1440 Jacob's Well 8r A nunne, pat. .made here as a fool, and obeyid here to alle here sustren as here fool. 1579 Lyly Eupliues (Arb.) 89 Bicause I was content to be his Friend, thought he me meete to be made his Foole. 1592 Shaks. Rom. fy Jul. in. i. 141, I am Fortunes foole. 1625 Cooke Pope Joan in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) IV. 28 The dean made a fool of the alderman, a 1684 Leighton Comm. 1 Peter i. 3 Worldly hopes., put the fool upon a man. 1715 De Foe Fam. Instruct. 1. iv, I won’t be made a fool of. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. iv, Thou shalt not be the fool of loss. Mod. He is the fool of circumstances. + 4 . One who is deficient in, or destitute of reason or intellect; a weak-minded or idiotic person. Obs. exc. in natural or born fool , a born idiot (now rare exc. as a mere term of abuse). To beg (a person ) for a fool ; see Beg 5 a. 1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 46 Ideottes and fooles natural]. 1566 Nashe Saffron Walden Civb, Fooles. .(especiallie if they bee naturall fooles) are suted in long coates. 1601 Shaks. All's Well iv. iii. 213 He was whipt for getting the Shrieues fool with childe, a dumbe innocent that could not say him nay. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 37 The warde and custodie of lands and tenements perteining to naturall fuilis, be the law sould perteine to the King. 1670 Lassels Voy. Italy 11. 212 The Pazzorella, where they keep madmen and fooles. 1708 Ockley Saracens (Bohn 1848) 326 Towards the latter end of his days, he did really turn fool. 1824 R. Crabb Tales 142 He became well in his health; but he remained quite a fool for the rest of his life ! II. In combinations. 5 . General combinations; a. simple attributive, as fool-cunningness, - trap , -work. a 1834 Coleridge Lit. Rem. III. 198 This conceit.. was just suited to James’s “fool-cunningness. 1691 Dryden K. Arthur Prol. 27 Bets at the first were “fool-traps. 1883 W. Rein Life Luther kx. ii. 178 Hoods and tonsure, eating and drinking, and similar '“fool-work. b. appositive, as fool-dancer, f ury, -gallant. 1887 D. C. Murray & Herman One Trav. Returns vii. 100 A *fool-dancer, in his ochre-smeared kilt and head¬ dress.. sprang and contorted for a reward. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. exxv, Ev’n tho’ thrice again The red “fool-fury of the Seine Should pile her barricades with dead. 1714 Pope Wife Bath 95 Or else her wit some “fool-gallant procures. c. objective, as fool-catcher , - doctor , -taker ; fool-frighting adj. 1594 Nashe Vnfort. Trav. Wks. (Grosart) V. 39 They., in fine left mee and my fellowes (their “foole-catchers) Lords of the field, a 1624 Breton Figure Foure (Grosart) 5/2 A Foole-catcher, and a Cony-catcher. 1760 Jortin Erasm. II. 170 None are greater Fools than they, who set up for “Fool-Doctors. a 1720 Sheffield (Dk. Buckhm.) Wks. (1753) 1 .177 Fiery meteors, and “fool-frighting ghosts. c 1600 Nashe (Grosart), “Foole-taker. d. instrumental and originative, as fool-born, - frequented, -renowned adjs. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, v. v. 59 Reply not to me, with a “Foole-borne lest. _ 1780 Cowper Table-t. 756 The “fool- frequented fair of vanity. 1742 Pope Dune. iv. 371 Mummius “Fool-renown’d. e. similative, as fool-bold, -fat, -fine, -heady, -holy adjs. ; fool-like, fool-wisely advs. (Some of these imitate Foolhardy, and may perhaps better be referred to the adj.) 1549 Leland I tin. F iij b, Some in corners hath bene “folebolde. 1613 Chapman Revenge Bussy D'A mbois Plays 1873 II. 113 Men thither come to laugh and feede “fool-fat. I 593"4 Sylvester Profit Imprisonm. 638 Depending oft on his foole-fat-feeding word. 1603 H. Crosse Vertues Commw. (1878) 64 To know the price of Sattin and Veluet, and toies to make him “foole-fine. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vi. i. § 5. 184 Begging pardon for his “foole-heady forwardnesse. 1592 Greene Groatsw. Wit B iij, So “foole holy as to make scruple of conscience where profit presents itselfe. 1842 Whitehead R. Savage (1845' II. viii. 286 “Fool¬ like, I forgot myself. 1605 Camden Rem. (1637) 84 But “foole- wisely have some Peters, called themselves Pierius. 1611 W. Sclater Key (1629) iii Some of them resoluing, foole wisely, that images are to be worshipped. 6. Special comb., as fool-bane, poison for fools ; fool-begged a., ? foolish, idiotic (cf. Beg 5 a) ; fool-duck ( U.S .), the ruddy duck, Erismatura rubida ; + fool-fangle, a silly trifle; + fool-finder, slang (see quot.); fool-fish ( U.S.), a popular name for certain fishes (see quots.) ; + fool-happy a., lucky without judgement or contrivance ; fool- hen ( U.S .), see quot.; fool-plough (see quot. 1777); ffool- or fool’s-rack, ^..pernicious spirit, in which . . the stinging sea-blubber was mixed 5 (Yule); + fool-taken a., ‘taken in* like fools; + fool-taking vbl. sb., a method of cozening. 1679 Dryden Troilus ty Cr. Epil. 10 ’Twere worth our cost to scatter “fool-bane here. 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. 11. i. 41 This “foole-beg’d patience in thee will be left. 1647 Ward Simpl. Cobler 30 Ape-headed pullets, which invent Antique “foole-fangles, meerly for fashion .. sake. 1796 Grose Diet. Vulg. Tongue (ed. 3), * Fool finder, a bailiff. 1842 De Kay Nat. Hist. New York iv. 335 Our fishermen apply to it [Monocanthus broccus ] the whimsical name of “Fool-fish, in allusion to .. its absurd mode of swimming. 1888 Riverside Nat. Hist. III. 279 The Pleuronectesglaber, which is called fool-fish at Salem, because they are easily decoyed. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. vi. 1 His “foolhappie over¬ sight. 1885 T. Roosevelt Hunting Trips iii. 90 In the early part of the season the young [grouse], and indeed their parents also, are tame and unsuspicious to the very verge of stupidity, and.. are often known by the name of “‘ fool-hens ’. 1777 Brand Pop. Antiq. xiv. 175 The “Fool Plough goes about, a Pageant that consists of a Number of Sword Dancers, dragging a Plough with Music [etc.]. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. Ind. ($• P. i. 68 “Fool Rack, Brandy made of Blubber or Carvil, by the Portugals. 1608 Dekker Belman Lond. H iv b, “Foole-taking .. is done seuerall wayes [described at length]. Ibid., “Foole-taken. 7 . Comb, with genitive foots: a. obvious com¬ binations (sense 2), as foots ba(ii)blc , -colours, -staff. Also in phr. + to come home by Foots acre. 1603 H. Crosse Vertues Commw. (187S) 63 They., come home by Need-ham crosse, and “fooles acre. 1578 Lyte Dodoens m. lxxix. 428 Fashioned like a “fooles bable. 1728 Pope Dune. 1. 84 And with her own “fools-colours gilds them all. 1692 Washington tr. Milton's Def. Pop. Pref. (1851) 17 You .. deserve to have your Bones well- thrash’d with a “Fool’s staff.. b. Special comb., as fool’s crochet (see quot.) ; fool’s errand: see Errand 2 c; t fool’s fire, a will-o’-the-wisp, Ignis fatuus; fool’s gold, iron pyrites; fool’s haste, foolish precipitation ; fool’s- head, a head void of sense or intelligence; also, a foolish person; (cf. sheep's-head) ; fool’s hood, the hood worn by a fool or jester; also, a hood resembling this, worn in the seventeenth century; fool’s mate (Chess) : see Mate. Also Foolscap, Fool’s-coat, Fool’s paradise. 1882 Caulfeild & Saward Diet. Needlework, *Fool's Crochet , a name sometimes given to Tricot. 1631 Widdowes Nat. Philos. ied. 2) 16 Fiery Dragons, darke streames, “fooles fire, and such like fiery Meteors. 1882 Boston Jml. Chem. Feb. 16/3 Fool’s gold \ 1827 Scott Jrul. 12 Jan., I wish it may not prove “fool’s haste, yet I take as much pains too as is in my nature. 1577 Breton Floorish vpon Fancie, etc. (Grosart) 24/2 In the ende..Shee makes him see a “Fooles head of his owne. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. 1. iii. 134. 1650 R. Stapylton Strada’s LowC. Warres iv. 78 The Low- countrey Lords were not fools-heads. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 1. xeix. 159 In shape like to a “fooles hood or cocks-combe wide open. 1647 R. Stapylton Juvenal viii. 191 When nightly, thy adulterous blood Conceales it’s blushes in a French fooles-hood. c. esp. in plant-names, as + fool’s ballocks, an old name for Orchis Mo Ho; fool’s cicely = foots parsley, fool’s (water) cress (see quot. 1878); fool’s parsley, a poisonous weed, the Lesser Hem¬ lock (aE thusa Cynapium) ; hence, a book-name of the genus fEthusa ; + fool’s stones, an old name for Orchis Morio and O. mascula. 1578 Lyte Dodoe7is 11. lvi. 222 This second kinde [of Orchis] is called .. in English .. “Fooles Balloxe. 1796 Withering Brit. Plants led. 3) II. 305 /Ethusa Cyna¬ pium ..“Fool’s Cicely, Lesser Hemlock. 1861 Mrs. Lankester Wild F'lowcrs 31 The “Fool’s-Cress, as it is called ( Slum nodifloruni). 1878 Britten & Holland Plant-n., Fool’s Water Cress, Helosciadium nodiflorum.. Because those who are ignorant or unobservant may mis¬ take it for water cress. 1755 Gentl. Mag. XXV. 69 The lesser Hemlock, or “Fool’s Parsley. 1816-20 Green Univ. Herbal I. 64 /Ethusa Fatua , Fine-leaved Fool’s Parsley. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 1. xeix. § 5. 159 The male “Foole stones hath fiue .. long, broad and smooth leaues. Ibid. The female Fooles stones hath also smooth narrow leaues. B. adj. Foolish, silly. Obs. exc. Sc. and dial. and vulgar (the recent vulgar use being prob. a new formation from the sb.). a 1225 Ancr. R. 54 pe holi Gost lette writen one boc uor to warnie wuinmen of hore fol eien. *11240 Ureisun in Cott. Horn. 200 Me nis he fol chepmon, 'Set buS deore a woe ping? 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 568 pis lokinge was ri^t fol in such destresse iwis. £13x4 Guy Warw. (A.) 380. 10 Ich wene pou art a foie musard ! C1400 Destr. Troy 13841 Hit fell hym by fortune of a foole end. c 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 271 The wise virgines y l oele vnto the foie maydens denyed. 1481 Caxton Tulle of Old Age, Olde age is grevous.. to the foie old man. 1541 R. Copland Galycn's Terap. 2 Dj, O foole and imprudent Thessalus. 1580 R. Harvey Pl. Perc. (1590) 22 Let the wisest be the forwardest, and the most foole the frowardest. x68i Colvil Whigs Supplic. (1751) 130 Fighting is a fool thing. a 1776 Song in Herd’s Collect. II. 192 The fool-thing is oblig’d to fast Or eat what they’ve refus’d. 1815 Scott Guy M. xxxix, ‘They couldna hae sell’d the auld inherit¬ ance for that fool-body’s debts.’ 1823 Galt Entail II. iii. 22 A fool posture, .and no very commodious at this time. Fool (f«l) sb . 2 [prob. a use of prec., suggested by the synonym trifle , mentioned in quot. 1598. (So Skeat in Phil. Soc. Trans. 1885-7). Mahn’s derivation from Y. fouler to crush, is not only base¬ less, but inconsistent with the early use of the word.] 11 - (See quots.). Obs. 1598 Florio, Mantiglia, a kinde of clouted creame called a foole or a trifle in English, c 1600 Day Begg. Bednall Gr. v. (Bullen) 114 My Mother..could have taught thee how to a made, .fritters, pancakes, I and the rarest fools. 1637 B. Jonson Sad Sheph. 1. vi, Your cheese-cakes, curdes, and clowted creame, Your fooles,, your flaunes. 1688 R. Holme Armoury iii. iii. 82 Foole is a kind of Custard, but more crudelly; being made of Cream, Yolks of Eggs, Cinamon, Mace boiled: and served on Sippets with sliced Dates, Sugar, and white and red Comfits, strawed thereon. 2 . A dish composed of fruit stewed, crushed, and mixed with milk, cream, or custard. Often gooseberry fool. 1747 Mrs. Glasse Art of Cookery ix. 79 A Gooseberry- Fool. **1845 Hood Hymen Retrospect. 1. ii, Just like gooseberries boil’d for a fool ! Fool (f/ 71 ), Forms : see the sb. [f. Fool a. or sb . 1 Cf. OF. folicr, folciier : see Foleye.] + 1 . intr. To be or become foolish or insane. 13.. E. E. Allit.P. B. 1422 So faste }>:iy wesed to hym wyne, wel ne3e he foies. 1489 Barbour's Bruce (Edin. MS.) iv. 222 Bot he fulyt [the better text has was fule], forowtyn weir That gaiff throuth till that creatur. 2 . To act like a fool. a. To act as a foolish or weak-minded person ; to play the fool, trifle, idle. Also to fool about, or on, and to fool it. To fool into : to be brought into by one’s folly. To fool around ( US.) : to ‘hang about’ aimlessly. To fool •with-, to play or meddle with foolishly; also in indirect passive. *593 Shaks. Rich. II, v. v. 60 While I stand fooling heere. 1608 — Cor. 11. iii. 128 Rather then foole it so, Let FOOLAGE. FOOLISH. the high Office and the Honor go. a 1621 Beaum. & Fl. Cust. Country v. v, Must I needs fool into mine own de¬ struction? 1676 Wycherley PL Dealer iv. i, My heart is too much in earnest to be fooled with. 1685 J. Scott Chr. Life 11. 134 [He] So fools and fleers on till he hath toyed and laughed himself out of all sense of Religion. 1754 Richardson Graiuiison IV. xxxiii. 228 How you., fooled on with us, before you came to confession ! 1810 Sporting Mag. XXXVI. 269, I do not think this man was taken to the watch-house because he was fooling. 1826 Scott Woodst . v, Zoons, Mark Everard, I can fool it no longer. 1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Ox/, xii. (1889) 112 You and I, perhaps, go fooling about with him, and get rusticated. 1884 Manch. Exam. 28 June 4/6 The accused ..began fooling with a loaded gun. 1885 Century Mag. XXIX. 545/1 They [the pursuers] seemed to stop and fool around awhile. + b. To act as a fool or jester; to play the buffoon. Also with up. Obs . 1617 Fletcher Mad Lover v. iv, Foole up, sirra, You may chance get a dinner. 1633 Fletcher & Shirley Night Walker v. iii, I’le foole vp and provoke ye [to be merry]. 1641 Denham Sophy iv. (1667) 50 If you have the luck to be Court-fools, those that have Either wit or honesty, you may fool withal, and spare not. c. quasi-/ra//i“. with compl. phrase. 1601 Shaks. Twel. N. v. i. 44 You can foole no more money out of mee at this throw. 3 . trails. To make a fool of; to impose upon, dupe, trifle with. Also, to balk, frustrate. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV^ 1. iii. 178 That you are fool’d, dis¬ carded, and shook off By him, for whom these shames ye underwent. 1606 — Ant. Cl. v. ii. 225 Why that’s the way to foole their preparation. 1663 Cowley Occas. Verses , Ode on Ld. BroghilTs Cerses 2 Be gon..Ingrateful Muse, and see What others thou can’st fool as well as me. 1706 Estcourt Fair Examp. iv. i, This Gentleman, .that has fool’d your Faith, wou’d betray your Honour. 1784 Burns Epit. Henpeckd Sq ., As father Adam first was fool’d. 1818 Byron Ch. Har. iv. clviii, This Outshining and o’er whelming edifice Fools our fond gaze. 1867 Trollope Chron. Barset xxxviii, [He] ought not to have been fooled by such a woman. b. To cheat of or deluded a/ - (something) ; to entice, lure into or to ; to put or fob off by trickery. 1650 Trapp Comm. Gen. xxi. i He fools them not off with fair promises. 1663 J. Spencer Vulg. Prophecies (1665) 28 An impatience of the ignorance of things to come, fooled the Jews, .out of their Reason. 1664 H. More Myst. I?iiq % 456 But so manifest Eviction .. will not be fooled off for ever. 1678 Marvell Growth Popery 28 The Additional Excise, .which the Tripple League had fooled them into. c 1680 J. Haines Epil. in Collect. Poems 34 They all fool Cit of his Wife, a 1716 South Serm. (1737) IV. iv. 140 Such as come to be thus happily frighted into their wits, are not so easily fooled out of them again. 1833 H- Blunt Led. Hist. St. Paul II. 200 It fools you into the belief that [etc.]. 1841-4 Emerson Ess., Politics Wks. (Bohn) I. 237 Nature .. will not be fooled or abated of any jot of her authority. 1863 Mrs. C. Clarke Shaks. Char. vi. 144 The English have never yet been fooled to their ruin. + 4 . To make foolish; to infatuate. Obs. X605 Shaks. Lear 11. iv. 278 Foole me not so much To beare it tamely; touch me with noble anger. 1641 Denham Sophy iii. (1667) 43 He’s so fool’d with down-right honesty, He’l ne're believe it. 5 . To fool away , foul (also simply) : to throw away or part with foolishly; to spend (money, time) foolishly. 1548 Detect. Unskilf Physic. in Recorde Urin. Physick (1651) 4, I scarce beleeve any wise man would fool out a groat on your judgment. 1628 Wither Brit. Rememb. 111-406 Foole thy life away By tempting Heav’n. 1641 Sir E. Dering Sp. on Relig. 22 Nov. xv. (1642) 69 Let no Am¬ monite perswade the Gileadite to foole out his right eye. 1660 Pepys Diary 1 June, Where I..fooled away all the afternoon. 1711 Swift Jml. to Stella 9 July, I have fooled away too much money that way already. 1728 Young Love Fame 11.(1757) 9 1 What crime In such a paradise to fool their time ? a 176X Law Behmen’s Myst. Magnum lvi. (17651 329 We see here how Adam has fooled away, and lost the Blessing. 1863 Mrs. C. Clarke Shaks. Char. xx. 507 He fools away his time, his money, and his health. Hence Fooled///, a. X715 tr. C'tess D'Annoy s Whs. 391 This impious Grognon, by the fool’d Support Of a fond Prince, made Cruelty her Sport. 1742 Young Nt. Tit. v. 35 The fool’d mind. + Foolage, a. and sb. Obs . Also 6 Sc. fulage, -ege. [a. OF. folage adj. and sb. (repr. popular L. types *folldlicus, - um ), f. fol Fool. The 17th c. sb. may be a new formation on Fool + -age.] A. adj. Sc. Foolish. Hence Foolageness. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus 11. 70 }e haif preuit fulage For to offend that Souerane. 1563 W1N3ET Four Scoir Thre Quest. To Rdr., Wks. 1888 I. 55 Sik proud fulege phan- taseis. Ibid. 62 Insipientia eorum .. that is, the fulegenes of thame. B. sb. Foolish condition. 1676 Cal. St. Papers, A mer. W. Ind. (1893) No. 937. 398 [Old Governor Berkeley altered, by marrying a young wife, from his wonted public good to a] covetous foolage. + Foolane, Foola’rum, Foolatum. hu¬ morous. Obs. [arbitrarily f. Fool.] =Fool. 1684 J. Lacy Sir H. Buffoon 11. v. Dram. Wks. (1875) 248 [Said to a servant] Prethee, good Foolane, tell Alderman Buffoon that he may come in. 1741 Richardson Pamela I. xix. 47 And what..have I said to her, Foolatum; but that she was pretty? X799 S. J. Pratt Tri. Beiievolence 11. 267 What’s the foolarum at now? t Foola’tion. Obs. [f. Fool v . + -ation.] The action of fooling; also concr. a foolish thing. 1628 Sir J. Bingley in Miss Hickson Irel. iqth C. (1884) !• 399 Introd. 89 Altars adorned with images and other foolations, 1638 [see -ation]. Fooldom (f/rldam). [f. Fool sb .1 + -DOM.] The realm of fools ; fools collectively. 1886 Ruskin Prceterita I. vi. 191 A sort of triumphant shriek, .has gone up from the Fooldom of Europe. Fool(e, obs. form of Foal. Foolery (f /7 leri). Also 7 follery. [f. Fool Sb.' + -EUY.] 1 . The habit or practice of fooling or acting foolishly. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. Feb. 211 But sikefansies weren foolerie. 1604 Parsons 3 rd Pt. Three Convers. Eng. 271 Whether Fox may not beare away the bell for follery. 1694 Wood Life 23 June(Oxf. Hist. Soc.), An implacable enmity to immorality and foolery. 1725 Watts Logic iv. ii. Rule 3 It is mere foolery to multiply distinct particulars in treating of things. 1813 Sporting Mag. XLI. 227 The oddities and simple foolery of this man. 1858 Doran Crt. Fools 38 An immoderate amount of foolery. 2 . A piece of fooling; a foolish or ridiculous action, performance, or thing. 1552 Latimer Serm. Eph. vi. in Fruit/. Serm. (1584) 198 It is not that [ringing of belles] that will serue against y° deuill: yet we haue beleued such fooleries in tymes past. 1589 Warner Alb. Eng.v 1. xxxi. (1612) 156 With.. Fooleries more than few I courted her. 1657 North's Plu¬ tarch Add. Lives (1676) 80 When they have turmoild themselves about such fooleries [Horoscopes] a long time, they gain nothing thereby. 1662 Evelyn Diary 1 Jan., I went to London, invited to the solemn foolerie of the Prince de la Grange at Lincoln’s Inn. 1772 Town <$• C. Mag. 125 The pleasing levities, and agreeable fooleries of a girl. 1830 Athenaeum 16 Oct., Sevres china, buhl cabinets, Indian fans, and other fooleries. 1859 Tennyson Vivien 263 Your pretty tricks and fooleries. 3 . Fools as a class, nonce-use. 1843 Sydney Smith Let. 19 Aug. in Mem. (1855^ II. 494 He knows how to disguise liberal ideas, and to make them less terrible to the Foolery of a country. Foo*less. jocular . A female fool. 1852 Smedley L. Arundel xxxvi, When the mind of a fool (or fool-/?^, as the case may be) exalts it to an undue pre-eminence. 1884 G. P. Hawley Wit t etc., Richter 155 The fools and foolesses of the subsequent centuries. + Foolhardice. Obs. Forms: 5 fool hardi- esse, 6 fool(e)hardise, -ize, 7 foole-hardice. [Ini $thc.falehardiesse,f. Foolhardy, after II ardi- esse ; subsequently assimilated in form to Coward¬ ice.] = Foolhardiness. 1475 Bk. Noblesse (i860) 63 Whiche by theire fole- hardiesse. .causid the patrimonie of Lelius and Scipion to be lost. 1591 Spenser Ruins Rome xiv, With vaine fool- hardise Daring the foe. 1600 Fairfax Tasso v. xxiii. 79 Foole-hardice, rashnes, madnes. + Foo lha rdiment. Obs. [OF. fol hardie- jnent foolish daring.] = Foolhardiness. [Le Manuel des Pechiez 1336 in R. Brunne Handl. Synnc (1862) 23 Home qe par fol hardiement lure par deu horriblement.] 1375 Barbour Bruce vi. 337 Vorschip Extremyteis has twa ; Fule-hardyment the formast is, And the tothir is cowardiss. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. xxvi (1869) *7 Michel is he of foolhardiment. 1533 Bellen- den Livy 11. (1822) 204 The consul reprochit thaim. .of thair ful hardiment. Foo lha rdiness, [f. Foolhardy + -ness.] The quality of being foolhardy. 41x340 Hampole Psalter xxiv. 7 My iolifte & fole- hardynes. 140X Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 55 By woodnesse and foolhardinesse for heresie to dien. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. 11 . 440 F ull hardines.. Cumis al way of ill considderance. a 1677 Barrow Wks. (1686) III. xxxiv. 377 The fear of men . .doth involve the wildest boldness, and most rash fool¬ hardiness in the world. 1874 Morley Compromise (1886) *229 To be willing to make such changes too frequently .. is foolhardiness. Foolhardy (fz/Ahaiidi), a. [a. OF .fol hardi , comb, of fol foolish, Fool a. with hardi bold, Hardy a.] Daring without judgement, foolishly adventurous or bold, rashly venturesome. a 1225 Ancr. R. 62 Nis heo to muche cang, o<$er to fol- herdi. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 667 pou were euer so foie hardy. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iv. xxx. 8 How dar ther ony man ben so foie hardy for to dampnen ym seluen. 1508 Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. Wks. 104 Theyr fole- hardy Iugement. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. 11. 153 A rasche, ferce, and fulehardie 3oung man. a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) II. 302 He runs on boldly like a foolhardy Wit. 1796 Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1845) II. 244 If they really are so fool-hardy as to go to war to please the French, i860 Holland Miss Gilbert xxiv. 418 Do not be guilty of this foolhardy business again. Hence Foo lha rdily adv. Also Foolha-rdi- hood, + Foolhardiship = Foolhardiness. a 1225 Ancr. R. 182 Vor moni makeS hire sec tmruh hire fol herdischipe. 1382 Wyclif 2 Sam. xviii. 13 If I hadde doon a^ens my. soul foolhardili. 1609 Holland Amm. Marcell. xix. iv. 127 Who..used foole-hardily to sallie forth and fight most courageously. 1837 Southey in Q. Rev. LIX. 306 Two brothers had the foolhardihood to wait till midnight in the church-porch. 1879 G. Mac¬ donald Sir Gibbie xix. 102, I would not foolhardily add to my many risks of blundering. t Fool-haste. Obs. [a. OF. foie haste, f. foie fern, of fol Fool a. + haste Haste.] Foolish precipitation, unseemly or reckless haste. 1393 Gower Con/. I. 316 Contek .. Foolhast hath to his chamberlain. 1597 Montgomerie Cherrie 4 Slae 417 Fuil-haist ay almaist ay Ouirsylis the sicht of sum. + Fool-hasty, a. Obs. Forms: 4 foolhastif, 7 foolhastie [a. OF. fol hastif, comb, of fol Fool a. and hastif Hasty ; cf. prec. and Fool¬ hardy.] Foolishly hasty, precipitate. 1393 Gower Con/. 1 . 334 The man whiche is malicious Ann foolhastif, full ofte he falieth. 1600 Holland Livy xxii. xli. 458 The audaciousnesse of the foolhastie Consult. Hence f Tool-hastiness. 13 ..Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. xxxii. 617 Fool- hastines. 1393 Gower Con/. III. 99 Fool hastifnesse. + FooThead. Obs. rare. In 4 folehede, foul- hed. [f. Fool sb . 1 + -head.] Folly. a 1340 Hampole Psalter xlviii. 21 He rehercys pe foulhed [foly] of man. c 1340 Cursor M. 3116 (Fairf.) Foie hede ys giuen al men to pay. t Fooliaminy. Obs. [burlesque formation on Fool sb . 1 ; cf. F. brouillamini .] A fool; fools collectively. 1607 Middleton Trick to Catch 1. iv. Wks. (Bullen) II. 266 My clients come about me, the fooliaminy and coxcombry of the country. Ibid. iv. v. 339 Now, good man fooliaminy, what say you to me now? 1622 Massinger Virg. Mart.iu. iii, Worse; all tottering, all out of frame, thou fooliamini! t Foo’lify, v. Obs. [f. Fool sb . 1 + »(i)fy.] trans. To make a fool of, render foolish. 1581 M. Hanmer Jesuites Banner Aiijb, They are fooli¬ fied in themselues. 411641 Bp. Mountagu^c 7 j<$* Mon/ 1642) 80 God in Justice doth so foolifie their malice, that [etc.]. Hence FooTified ///. a. ; FooTifying vbl. sb., the action of the vb. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholays Voy. Ep. Ded. piij b. Talking fondly of a thing wherein I have no practise, as somtimes did foolified Phormio. 1618 Breton Court «5* Country (Grosart) 8/2 Is not the Clownifying of wit the Foolifying of vnderstanding? 1632 Vicars tr. FEneid xi. 972 Circling, with policie, Her foolified foe. Fooling (fw'lii)), vbl. sl>. [f. Fool v. +■ -ing 1 ] The action of the vb., in various senses. 1609 Dekker Gulls Horne-blc. Proem, Wks. (Grosart) II. 205 The excellency of his fooling. 1681 Colvil Whigs Supplic. (1695) 99 Knipper-dolings, Who troubled Munster with their foolings. 1746 Wesley Princ. Methodist 46, I am glad you give this fooling up. 1891 Baring-Gould In Troubadour Land ix, 125 It is quite possible that this was all solemn fooling. b. Preceded by an adj. = Condition or humour for fooling. i6ox Shaks. Twel. N. 1. v. 36 Put me into good fooling. Ibid. 11. iii. 23 and 86. 1827 Scott /ml. 3 Apr., I was in good fooling. 1830 Ibid. 21 June, Sir Adam was in high fooling, and we had an amazing deal of laughing. Foolish (fzrlij), a. Forms: 4 foies, foolis, 4-7 folisch, -is(s)he, -ys(s)h(e, (5 foolich, foul- ishe, -ysse), 5-6 fulich, -ische, 6- foolish, [f. Fool sb. + -ish.] 1 . Fool-like, wanting in sense or judgement. a 1300 Cursor M. 14802 (Cott.) pe folk es foies, pat es wel sene. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus. xv. 7 Men foolis shul not take it. £1449 Pecock Repr. 11. iii. 151 Thou woldist seie y were..vnwijs and folisch. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iii. 201 The foolishest sorte amonge the lawyers. 1692 Locke Educ. § 94 Wks. 1727 III. 38 Think no man. .wiser or foolisher, than he really is. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. iv, Women are so very foolish, Mr. Squeers. 1866 Geo. Eliot F. Holt (1868) 19, I was foolish to expect anything else. absol. C1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 11. xc. (1869) 108 The maymed, the foolich, the founded, the froren. 1526 Tin- dale Luke x. 21 Thou hast hyd these thynges from the wyse. .and opened them to the folisshe. 1741 Richardson Pamela I. 163 Well, well, Lambkin (which the Foolish often calls me). 2 . Befitting a fool; proceeding from, or indicative of folly. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus 1. 793 Thyn ire, and folish wilful- nesse. c 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xliii. 170 The rewarde of his folyshe loue. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 7 b, Here perauenture the carnall and beestly man wyll moue a folysshe questyon. 1628 Earle MicrocosmPlausible Man (Arb.) 60 He can listen to a foolish discourse with an ap¬ plausive attention. 165X Hobbes Leviath. 111. xxxii. 196 Selfe-conceit, and foolish arrogance.. 1735 Pope Prol. Sat. 212 Where Wits, .wonder with a foolish face of praise. 1784 Cowper Tiroc. 255 To follow foolish precedents .. is easier than to think. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth v, Her foolish notions of a convent. 1859 Tennyson Enid 433 Nor speak I now from foolish flattery. 3 . Ridiculous, + amusing. 1514 Barclay Cyt. <$• Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 21 Nought is more folysshe than suche wretches be. 169X Southerne Sir A. Love iv. Wks. (1721) 222 ’Twill be foolish enough to observe him, when he discovers me; pray stay and laugh with me. 1717 Prior A Ima 1.115 A foolish figure He must make. 4 . Humble, insignificant, paltry, poor, mean, trifling, arch, or dial. 1592 Shaks. Rom. % Jut. 1. v. 124 We haue a trifling foolish Banquet towards. 1596 — Merch. V. 1. ii. 130 Hee of all the men that euer my foolish eyes look’d vpon, was the best deseruing a faire Lady. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 11. xxxii. § 9. 235 Stalkes; whereupon do grow foolish idle flowers. 1625 Jackson Creed v. iv. § 5 Base Licinus hath a pompous Tombe .. Wise Cato but a foolish one. 1833 Carlyle Misc. (1857) HI. 218 Owes favour, .to the foolishest accident. 1862 Mrs. Browning Last Poems , PartvigLoziers ii. 5 Thou hast not seen a hand push, through A foolish flower or two. 1890 Boldrewood Colonial Reformer (1891) 420 A hundred miles is..no foolish ride. 5 . Comb., as foolish-bold, -compounded, -looking, -wise, -witty. Also, + foolish fire, Ignis fatuus ; foolish guillemot, an aquatic bird, Lomvia troile. 1613 T. Milles Treas. Anc. 4 Mod. Times vni. xii. 769/2 Phlegyas became (in the end) so ouer-weening and ‘foolish- hold that [etc.]. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, 1. ii. 8 The braine FOOLISH-HARDY. 400 FOOT. of this *foolish compounded Clay-man. 1605 Verstegan Rest .. Dec. Intell. 217 Dwas-licht. That which wee other¬ wise call the *Foolish-Fyre. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., * Foolish Guillemot, the web-footed diving-bird Uria troile, common on our coasts. 1851 Mayne Reid Scalp Hunt, vii, Gaudy and ^foolish-looking uniforms. 1590 Greene Orl. Fur. (1594) D i b, The heauen of loue is but a pleasant hell, Where none but *foolish wise imprisned dwell. 1592 Shaks. Ven. Sf Ad. 838 How loue is wise in follie, *foolish wittie. 1 Foolish-liardy, a. Obs. = Foolhardy. 1533 Frith Answ. to More Lvij b, I can not be so folishe hardy as to condempne suche an infinite nombre for oure pre¬ lates pleasures, a 1632 T. Taylor God’s Judgem. 1.1. vii. (1642) 15 So. .foolish hardy as to take up armour. absol. 1561 Daus tr. Bullbigeron Apoc . (1573) 15 The Lord Christ, .restreyneth the foolishhardy. Hence + Foolish-hardiness, foolhardiness. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. ccxvii. (1812) 670 Their valyauntnesse turneth to folyssh hardynes. 1578 Rich Allarme to Eng. lib (marg.), Not valiaunce, but foolish hardinesse. Foolishly (fw'lifli), adv. [f. as prec. + -ly 2 .] In a foolish manner. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon ix. 243 ‘Alas', sayd Reynawde, 4 ye speke folysly’. 1561 W1N3F.T E.xhortatio?i Marie Q. Scottis Wks. 1888 I. 21 Quha fuleschlie assentit to thair prydefull arrogance. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 83 Gif ane Burges wife, .answeres fulishlie in Court. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 98 r 5 We. .foolishly contrive to call off the Eye from great and real Beauties, to childish Gewgaws. 1795 Burke Corr. IV. 327 The Catholics have foolishly .. disarmed themselves. 1874 Morley Compromise^ 1886) 148 Opinions, .foolishly and unreasonably associated with pain. Foolishness (fw’lijnes). [f. as prec. + -ness.] 1 . The quality or condition of being foolish. c 1470 Henry Wallace v. 631 Quhat is this luff? no thing bot folychnes. 1611 Bible Ps. xxxviii. 5 My wounds stinke .. because of my foolishness. 1628 Wither Brit. Rememb. vi. 442 Converts their wisedome into foolishnesse. 1718 Prior Solomon 11. 900, 1 . .shape my Foolishness to their Desire. 1858 Doran Crt. Fools 95 Listening to the pre¬ tended foolishness of a jester. 2 . A foolish practice, act, or thing; an absurdity. *535 Coverdale Wisd. xix. 3 They deuysed another foolishnes. 1553 Udall Flowers Latinc (1560) 88 b. It is a foolishnesse to suffer that ill to bee dooen, that a man maye auoyde. 1843 J. B. Robertson tr. Moehler's Sym¬ bolism I. 40 Those opinions, which make the doctrine of the fall a foolishness. t Fool-large, a- and sb. Obs. Forms : 3 fol- large, 4-5 foie-, foollarge, 6-7 foole-large [a. OV.follarge, f. fol Fool a. + large liberal, munifi¬ cent, prodigal: see Larqe a. Cf. Foolhardy.] A. adj. Foolishly liberal, prodigal, wasteful. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 389 In spenynge he was fol large. c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. e 740 Certes he that is fool large, ne yeueth nat his catel but he lesethhis catel. 1474 Caxton CJiesse in. viii, Foie large and waystours of theyr goodes. 1603 H. Crosse Vertues Commw. (1878) 69 Foole-large in distributing his goods, to waste his patrimonie. B. sb. 1 . A prodigal, spendthrift. a 1420 Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 4628 And syn fool large on gold settij> his herte No more }?an j?e liberal. 2 . = Fool-largesse. 1474 Caxton Chesse in. viii. (i860) I iij, And ye shall vnderstonde that foie large is a ryght euyl vyce. + Foo l-la rgess. Obs. Forms: 4f00l-larges.se, 4-5 foly-larges(se, 5 folargesse. [f. prec. after Largesse.] Foolish lavishness, prodigality. c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. ? 740. 813 Men oughten eschue fool-largesse, that men clepen wast. 1422 tr. Secreta Secret ., Priv. Priv. (E. E. 1 ’. S.) 134 The exspensis of folargesse. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. xxvi. 72 He neuer loued folly, outrage, nor foly-larges. t Foolmonger. Obs. [f.FooL sb . 1 + -monger.] One who ‘ trades on ’ the credulity of fools. 1592 G. Harvey Pierce’s Super. Wks. (Grosart) II. 91 An.. arrant foolemunger. 1681 Otway Soldier’s Fort. 1. Wks. (1735) 12 Of all the rogues I would not be a foolmonger. Foolocracy (f/ 7 l^-krasi). humorous, [f. Fool sbd- + -(o)cracy.] a. Government by fools, b. A governing class or clique consisting of fools. 1832 Syd. Smith Let. 21 Nov. in Mem. (1855) II. 341 The foolocracy under which it has so long laboured. 1861 Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. III. cxliv. 127 The management of affairs has been .. given up to, what may for conciseness be called a 4 foolocracy ’. Foolometer (fr/l^-m/tai). humorous . ff. as prec. + -(o)meter.] That which serves as a standard for the measurement of fools or of folly. 1837 Syd. Smith 2nd. Let. Singleton Wks. 1859 II. 285/1, I am astonished that these Ministers neglect the common precaution of a foolometer .. I mean, the acquaintance and society of three or four regular British fools as a test of public opinion. 1851 Fraser's Mag. XLIII. 633 The weakest intellect was the foolometer by which all brains were to be tried at lessons. Foolosopher (fr/l^-s^fo-i). humorous. Also 6 foolelosopher, 7 fooleosopher. [perversion of Philosopher, after Fool sbd, imitating Gr. fxojpuoo(pos used by Erasmus.] A foolish pretender to philosophy. 1549 Chaloner Erasm. Morice Enc. A iij, Suche men.. that in deede are archdoltes, and woulde be taken yet for sages and philosophers, maie I not aptely calle theim foole- losophers. c 1600 Timon v. v. (1842) 94 What, stand yee idle, my fooleosophers [printed foolc-] ? 1694 Echard Plau¬ tus 197 A fine foolosopher ! So Foolo sophy, foolish pretence of philosophy. 159a Greene Dcf. Conny Catch. To Rdr. Wks. (Grosart i XI. 43 That quaint and mysticall forme of Foolosophie. 1617 S. Collins Def. Bp. Ely u. vi. § 23. 241 Fine phoolosophyes. + Fool sage, Obs. [a-. OF. *fol sage ( = saige fol, Palsgr.), lit. ‘wise fool’.] A fool or jester. 1377 Langl. P. PI. 15 . xin. 423 5 e lordes .. pat fedeth foies sages [1393 C. vm. 83 fool sages], flatereresand lyeres. c 1400 Ipomedon (Kolbing) 351 He. .made him a foie sage. Foo l’s-cap, foo lscap. 1 . A cap ol fantastic shape, usually garnished with bells, formerly worn by fools or jesters. 1632 Massinger City Madam iv. iv, A French hood too.. A fool’s cap would show better. 1680 R. Mansel Narr. Popish Plot Addr. C ij, Some or other will take the Fools¬ cap off from their heads, and put it upon ours. 1789 Wol¬ cott (P. Pindar) Ode xiv. Wks. 1812 II. 247 The Muse shall place a Fool’s-cap on their sculls. 1839 Longf. Beware v, It is a fool’s-cap for thee to wear, b. A dunce’s cap. 1831 Blackw. Mag. Feb. 409 Mr. Sadler crowns our prodigy on the spot., with a paper fool’s cap. 1876 Grant Burgh. Sch. Scotl. 11. v. 207 Smart castigation is, in our opinion, much preferable to fool’s cap, imprisonment [etc.]. Comb. 1831 Blackw. Mag. Feb. 410/1 Our fool’s-cap- crowned Reviewer. 1823 Byron Juan xi. lxxxii, A huge, dun cupola, like a foolscap crown On a fool’s head. 2 . The device of a 4 fool’s cap ’ used as a water¬ mark for paper. It has been asserted that the fool’s cap mark was introduced by Sir John Spielmann or Spilman, a German who built a paper-mill at Dartford in 1580; but we have failed to find any trustworthy authority for this statement. The Brit. Mus. copy of Rushworth’s Hist. Coll. (1659) ls marked with this device. The watermark called by Sotheby {Princ. III.) a ‘ fool’s cap and said by him to occur in some copies of Caxton’s Golden Legend , seems not to be correctly so called. The catalogue of the Caxton Exhibition (1877) states that examples of the fool’s cap, dating from 1479, are found in a German collection there exhibited. There is no foundation for the often-repeated story that the Rump Parliament ordered a fool’s cap to be substituted for the royal arms in the watermark of the paper used for the journals of the House. 1795 Denne in Archseologia XII. 121 The Fool’s cap is not in either the Paston Letters or Mr. Ord’s Plates. The date of that device in Mr. Fisher’s is as late as 1661. 3 . A long folio writing- or printing-paper, vary¬ ing in size (see quots. 1871, 1888). A document of 1714, shown to us by Mr. R. B. Prosser, is written on paper bearing the fool s cap watermark, and measuring 165X13 in. In 1795 the mark was obsolete: see quot. in b. a 1700 B. E. Did. Cant. Crew, Fool’s-Cap, a sort of Paper so called. 1711 Act 10 Anne c. 18 § 37 For all Paper called . .Fine Fools Cap. 1843 Lefevre Life Trav. Phys. I. 1. ii. 28 One side of a sheet of foolscap. 1871 A mer. Encycl. P7 m int., Foolscap, a folded writing-paper, usually 12 by 15 inches, or 12J by 16. 1888 Jacobi Printers Voc., Foolscap , a size of printing paper 17 X13$ inches; writing paper i6ij x 13^ inches. b. attrib. as foolscap paper, sheet, etc .; also, foolscap folio, octavo, quarto, said of a volume consisting of sheets of foolscap size folded in the manner specified. 1795 Denne in Archseologia XII. 121 The Fool’s cap paper has for its mark Britannia. 1818 Byron Beppo Ixxv, Fellows I11 foolscap uniforms turn’d up with ink. 1820 Southey Lett. (1856) III. 177 Verses which I used to send you by the foolscapsheetful. 1886 Ruskin Prseterita I. 409 An essay nine foolscap pages long. 1887 Times 27 Aug. 11/4 In a foolscap volume of 260 pages. Fool’s coat. 1 . The motley coat of a fool or buffoon. 1589 Nashe Martins Mojiths minde To Rdr. Wks. (Grosart) I. 166 When they shall put off their fooles coat. 1599 B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. 111. i, Of as many colours, as ere you saw any fooles coat in your life. transf. and fig. 1709 H. Chandler Effort agst. Bigotry 17 Non-Conformists, Church-men. .or whatever Fool’s Coat of Distinction their uncharitable envious Neighbours put upon them. 1718 Warder True Amazons (ed. 2) 54 Their [the Wasps’] Fools Coat, and hoarse Voice, doth soon discover them. 1735 Pope Donne Sat. iv. 221 Our Court.. helps it [the stage] both to fools-coats and to fools. 2 . (See quot.) a 1700 B. E. Did. Cant. Creiv, A FooVs-Coat , a Tulip so called, striped with Red and Yellow. 3 . A name for the goldfinch. a 1682 Sir T. Browne Birds No7-folk Wks. 1852 III. 322. 4 . A bivalve mollusc, Isocardia cor , better known as heart-shell {Cent. Diet.). Foolship (f/ 7 -lJip). [f. Fool sbA + -ship.] 1 . The quality or state of being a fool or jester. 1630 J. Taylor (Water Y.) Laugh <$• be fat Wks. 11. 70/2 Rather then for fooleship we will brawle, You shall be foole at Court, on Thames, and all. 2 . A mock title for a fool. 1643 Owen Puritan turned Jesuit 29 Let thy great foole¬ ship know that [etc.]. 1663 Cowley Cutter Colema7i St. iv. vi, The Law will allow her honourable Alimony out o’ your Foolship’s Fortune. 1746 W. Horsley Fw/No. 24 r 4 My Foolship cannot talk like other People’s. Fool’s Paradise. Also 9 fool-paradise. 1 . A state of illusory happiness or good fortune ; enjoyment based on false hopes or anticipations. 1462 W. Paston in Paston Lett. No. 457 II. 109 ,1 wold not be in a folis paradyce. 1477 Norton Prd. Alch. ii. in Ashm. (1652) 28 For lewde hope is fooles Paradice. 1528 Roy Rede Me ( Arb.) 86 Thus my lady, not very wyse, Is brought in-to foies paradyse. 1687 Bp. Cartwright in Magd. Coll, y Jas. II (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 189 Populacy .. is the Fool’s Paradise. 1709 E. W. Life of Donna Rosina 148 Thus was an old experienc’d villain brought into a Fool’s Paradice. 1806-7 J- Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (18261 xii. xxxii, You have been revelling in a fool’s paradise of leisure. 1856 Mrs. Browning Anr. Leigh iv. 341 Love’s fool-paradise Is out of date, like Adam’s. + 2 . (See quot.) Obs. 1644 Digby Nat. Bodies 1. xxix. 257 Those triangular glasses or prismes which some do call fooles Paradises. Foolyie, Sc. var. of Foil sb . 1 Foomart, -murt, var. forms of Foumart. Foome, obs. form of Foam. Foon(e, obs. pi. of Foe. Foord, obs. form of Ford. Foore, var. of Fore sb. Obs., a track. Foorth, obs. and Sc. form of Forth. Foos e. dial. Also fews, fooz, fouse. The House-leek, Setnpervivum tectorum. 17.. It. Robertson's School of Arts I. 57 (Jam.) Take a quantity of house-leek commonly called foose. Fooster (fw'stai). Anglo-Irish. Bustle. Hence Foo ster v. iiltr., to bustle off. 1847 Le F anu T. O'Brien 25 Where is it you’re going, my colleen Beg, in all this foosther? 1850 N. Q. 1st Ser. II. 153 Full of fun and fooster, like Mooney’s goose. 1892 Jane Barlow Irish Idylls III. 56 The hen that had foosthered off with herself down the bog. Foot (fut), sb. PL feet (fft). Forms: Sing. 1-2 fot, 3-4 fot, south, vot, 3-6 fote, fut, (3 fhote, fott, 5 fowte, foyte), 5-6 fotte, 5-7 foote, (7 foott), 8-9 dial, fit, 3- foot. Sc. 4-7 fute, (4 fut, 6 fuit), 6- fit. PL 1-2 fdt, ftiet, fotas, 2 fiet, (genii. 1 fota, 3 fote ; dat. 1 fdtum, 3 foten), 3-5 fet, (3 fett, fite, 4 fyte), 4-5 fete, (4 Sc. feyt, 5 feytt), 5-8 feete, (6 fette, fiete, 7 feeten), 5-6 fotes, (6 footes), 7 (9 in sense 22) foots, 4-feet. [Com. Teut.: OE . fot str. masc. (dat. sing. nom. and acc. pi. fet), corresponds to OFris. fot, OS. fdt, fuot, (Du. voet), OHG. fuo%, (MHG. vnoz>, mod.Ger. fuss), ON ./Str, (Sw. fot, Da. fod), Goth. fdtus. The OTeut. *fbt (a con¬ sonant-stem) represents OAryan *pdd-, which with the ablaut-variants *ped-, ptid-, is found with cog¬ nate senses in most of the Aryan langs.: cf. Skr. pad (gen. padds) foot, pad to go to, padd neut. footstep ; Lith. pedd footstep; Gr. 7 rovs (Dor. JEol. irws), gen. 7 to5os foot, (j.—pedyds) on foot; Lat. pes , accus. ped-em foot; ON. fet str. neut., step, foot as a measure, feta to make one’s way, OE. fuet str. neut., step, OHG .fezgan to go ; see also Fetter sb. Possibly Fet v., Fetch v ., Fetlock may belong to the same root.] 1 . The lowest part of the leg beyond the ankle- joint. Beowulf 745 (Gr.) Sona haffde unlifigendes eal gefeormod fet and folma. £950 Lindisf. Gosp. John xi. 2 Maria., gedrygde his foet mid herum fzex hire, a 1000 Phcc 7 iix 311 (Gr.) pses fugles, .fealwe fotas. c 1200 Triti. Coll. H0771 . 21 And nailed j?arto his fet, and his honden. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 490 He vel of is palefrey, & brec is fot. C1350 Will. Pale 7 vie 1766 William & ]>e mayde |?at were white beres, gon forh--Fersly on here foure fet. 1375 Barbour Bruce 11. 359 Knychtis..Wndyr horss feyt defoulyt. 1434 Misyn Metiavig Life x. 121 Sayntis feet ar to be waschyd for J>ai draw duste of erth. 1538 Starkey Engla 7 id 1. ii. 48 The fote to go, and hand to hold and rech. 1601 Shaks. Tzuel. N. hi. ii. 66 So much blood, .as will clog the foote of a flea. 1674 N. Cox Gcntl. Recreat. 11. (1677) 228 Having flown with a Goshawk .. till March, give her some good Quarry in her Foot. 1845 Ford Ha 7 idbk. Spam 1. 52 No Spaniard, .ever took a regular walk on his own feet—a walk for the sake of mere health. 1851 Ruskin Stoiics Ve 7 i. (1874) I. vii. 74 A foot has two offices, to bear up and to hold firm. 1881 R. M’Lachlan in Eticycl. Brit. XIII. 144/1 Plantulse (much marked in the feet of Diptera , which climb polished surfaces, &c., by means of them). Jig. 1570-6 Lambarde Pera 77 ib. Ke?it (1826) 191 It wanteth not the feete of sound reason to stand upon. In the oath or exclamation, Christ's foot , later 9 s foot or simply foot. Cf. Blood i e. Obs. c 1386 Chaucer Miller's T. 596 Ey, Cristes fote! what wil ye do therwith? c 1600 Distr. E 77 ipcror in. i. in Bullen O. Pi. (1884) III. 212 Foote, man, let him be ten thousand preists and a will styll want somethynge. 1662 T. W. Thorny Abbey 13, ’S foot, doe you think we gave him warning. f c. By some anatomists used for: The whole limb from the hip-joint to the toes. Also, great foot . (Cf. great hand for the whole upper limb.) Obs. 1541 R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chiricrg. Kiij b, The great fote lasteth fro the ioynt of the hukcle .. vnto the ferdest parte of the toes. 1661 Lovell Hist. A 7 ii 77 i. fyMin. 302 The foot is divided into feemur .. the tibia .. and the foot extreme. 2 . Viewed with regard to its function, as the organ of locomotion. In rhetorical and poetical use often (in sing, or pi.) qualified by adjs. denoting the kind of movement (as swift, slow, stealthy, etc.), or employed as the subject of verbs of motion. ciooo Ags. Ps. xxxv[i]. 12 [11], (Spelm.) Ne cume me fot ofermodignysse. a 1340 Hampole Psalter xviii. 4 ]>e fame of a good man gas ferrere f>an his fote may. 1603 Shaks. Mens, for M. v. i. 400 Death, Which I did thinke, with slower foot came on. 1667 Milton P. L. xi. 848 Tripping ebbe, that §tple With soft foot towards the deep, a 1774 FERGUSsoN^&f;;/^ (1789) II. 107 Eild wi’ wyly fit, Is wearing nearer bit by bit. 1813 Scott THer 77 i. iiL.xxiv, Foot of man .. hath ne’er Dared to cross the Hall of Fear. 1847 Marryat Childr. N. Forest xxi, I was not aware of your presence. Your foot is so light. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 28 Dogs..swift of foot. 1878 Browning La FOOT. FOOT. Saisiaz 18 Useful as is Nature, to attract the tourist’s foot. Proverb, c 1300 Cursor M. 28939 (Cott. Galbal Gangand fote ay getes fode. 1670 Ray Prov. 262 A walking foot is ay getting. Jig, 1607 Shaks. Cor. tv. vii. 7 Unless by using means 1 lame the foot Of our design. 1633 Bp. Hah. Hard Texts , N. T. 103 No man can come to me by the foot of a true faith except my Father, .inlighten his understanding. b. Hence, a person as walking. Obs. exc. dial. in first foot (see First C. 2) ; similarly f evil foot , one whom it is unlucky to meet. + Also ( rarely ) used simply for 1 person ’. c 1200 Vices A- Virtues 29 Danne Se numb eft sum euel .. ne Relief Su naht al swa sume. .seggeS Jmt hie imetten euel fot, priest oSer munec. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 2273 He het hetterliche, anan wiSuten J>e burh, bihefden ham, euch fot. 1592 Shaks. Rom. <5- Jut. v. iii. 19 What cursed foot wanders this wayes to night ? 1609 Skenk Reg. MajBur¬ row Lawes cxxxiv. He. .offers his awin fute for his pledge. 13 . Power of walking or running. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 20885 (Cott.) Petre. .to )>e cripels he gaf ham.fote. 01400-50 Alexander 1236 Alle }> e folke of his affinite .. hat outhire fote had or foie to he fli3t foundid. c 1450 Henryson Pari. Beistis 32 Ay rinnis the Foxe, als lang as he fute has. [Similarly 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xlix. 48]. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1757) II. 123 Horses may alter as to their Speed or Foot (as 'tis called). 4. cllipt. Foot-soldiers; in early use \ men of foot. Cf. Footman i. Often immediately follow¬ ing an ordinal, ‘ regiment of’ being omitted. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 245 Men of armes, and ix thousand Archers, beside men of foote. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV. 11. i. 186 Fifteene hundred Foot, flue hundred Horse. 1633 T. Stafford Pac. Hib. x. (1821) 120 The President was a Captaine of Foot. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 17 P 3 Their Foot repulsed the same Body of Horse in three successive Charges. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 296 At the close of the reign of Charles the Second, most of his foot were musketeers. 1878 Trimen Reg. Brit. Army 89 Forty-Fourth Foot, .captured the Eagle of the 62nd French Infantry at Salamanca. 5 . a. The end of a bed, a grave, etc., towards which the feet are placed. Formerly often pi., now sing. (cf. sense 19). a 1300 Cursor M. 17288 + 218 (Cott.) pat one at fote of ]be graf, J>at other at the hede. £1386 Chaucer Reeves T. 293 He..bare it soft unto his beddes fete. £-1442 Hoc- cleve Min. Poems (1892) 238 In a cofre at my beddes feet yee Shul fynde hem. <71710 C. Fiennes Diary { i888> 239 There was such another screen or raile at y° ffeete of the bed. 1821 Keats Isabel xxxv, At her couch’s foot Lorenzo stood. 1891 Law Rep. Weekly Notes 201/1 His trousers .. were hanging over the foot of the bed. b. The part of a stocking, etc. which covers the foot. 1577 Harrison England 11. ix. (1877) 1. 206 He will carrie his hosen. .to save their feet from wearing. 1726 Shelvocke Voy. (1757) 112 A sort of knit buskins without feet to them. 1882 Caulfeild & Saward Diet. Needlework 463/1 Silk [hose] with cotton feet. II. 6. Prosody, [transl. of L. pes. Gr. novs; the term is commonly taken to refer to the move¬ ment of the foot in beating time.] A division of a verse, consisting of a number of syllables one of which has the ictus or principal stress. c 1050 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia. (1885) VIII. 313 past pentimemeris byS |?e todael 5 J>aet vers on f>am oSrum fet & by 5 gemet healf fot to lafe. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 147 Iuvencius pe preost wroot f>e gospelles to J?e chirche of Rome in vers of sixe feet, c 1560 B. Googe Epit. T. Phayre Poems (Arb.) 72 Virgils verse hath greater grace in forrayne foote obtaynde, Than in his own. 1600 Shaks. A. Y. L. in. ii. 173 Some of them had in them more feete then the Verses would beare. 1700 Dryden Pref. Fables (Globe) 499 Some thousands of his verses, .are lame for want of half a foot. 1803 Coleridge Metrical Feet 3 Spondee, .strong foot! yea ill able Ever to come up with Dactyl trisyllable. 1846 Wright Ess. Mid. Ages I. i. 14 The Saxons did not measure their verse by feet. III. As a unit of measurement. 7 . A lineal measure originally based on the length of a man’s foot. (The English foot consists of 12 inches, and is \ of a Yard.) Hence, a measure of surface and of solid space (explicitly square or superficial , cubic or solid foot) equal to the content respectively of a square and a cube the side of which measures one foot. Often in sing, when preceded by numerals. aiooo'Laws YEthelstau iv. 5 in Thorpe I. 224, .ix. fota & .ix. scasfta munda & .ix. bere-corna. c 1205 Lay. 21996 He is imeten a braede, fif & tvventi foten ; fif fote he is deop. 1325 Chron. Eng. 83 in Ritson Metr. Rom. II. 273 Fourti fet..Into the see he made him lepe. 1459 Contract in Willis & Clark Cajnbridge (1886) I. 309 A doore in brede iiij foote standard. 1523 Fitzherb. Surv. 35 Howe many footes euery one of them be in length. 1624 Massinger Pari. Love v. i, I’ll build A room of eight feet square. 1712 tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 89 The Indigo Plant grows about two Foot high. 1722 De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 192 Our privateer .. outsailed her, running two feet for her one. 1816 Keatingk Trav. (1817) I. 87 Every foot of this tract is argillaceous wheat-land. 1833 Ht. Martineau Loom «$■ Lugger 1. vii. 115 Who stood about five feet in their shoes. 1862 Ansted Channel I si. iv. App. A (ed. 2) 565 The linear Jersey foot is equivalent to only eleven English inches. b. Used to express 1 the least distance or space,* with a , one or a negative. + Each foot : all the way. <11300 Cursor M. 7526 (Cott.) Forth a fote ne moght he ga. Ibid. 15391 (Cott.) Fra J>an he ran him ilk fote, ne yode he noght k e pas. x 3 -* Coer de L. 2361 He shal not have VOL. IV. 401 a fote of lond. £1435 Torr. Portugal 239 He durst go no fote Lest they wold hyme sle. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IY, 11. ii. 23 Ilestarue ere I rob a foote further, a 1800 Lizie Lindsay in Child Ballads vm. (1892) 265 Bonnie Lizie.. a fit furder couldna win. + c. Hence Every foot {and anon ): incessantly. 1561 P. Morwyng tr. Compend. Josephus' Hist. Jews 56 b, Antipater made feastes euery foote [L. singulis diebus ] for thy brother Pheroras and him selfe. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 243 Such a worke they made sometime in chafing and frying their bodies against a good fire, but euery foot in bringing them abroad into the hot Sunne. 1639 Gentilis Semnla's Inquis. (1676) 855 The Inquisitors do every foot write to Rome. 1692 R. L’Estrange Fables cccclviii. 434 This Man’s Son would every foot and anon be taking some of his Companions into the Orchard. 1784 Cullum Hist. Ha7usted 171 Eveiy Foot anon every now and then. 8. A measure in tin-mining: (see quot. 1778). 1602 Carevv Cornwall 13 b, They measure their black Tynne by. .the Foote. 1778 Pryce Min. CornubFoot , an ancient measure for black Tin, two gallons ; now a nominal measure, but in weight 60 lb. 9 . A measure in sizing grindstones (see quot.). 1844 M' Culloch Diet. Commerce 615 They [grindstones] are classed in eight different sizes, called foots, according to their dimensions .. A grindstone foot is 8 inches : the size is found by adding the diameter and thickness together. Thus, a stone 56 inches diameter by 8 thick..is an 8-foot stone. IV. Something resembling a foot in function or position. 10 . The lower (usually projecting) part of an object, which serves to support it; the base. 1382 Wyclif Exod. xxvii. 10 Twenti pilers, with so feele brasun feet. C1400 Maundev. (1839) ii. 10 Therfore made thei the Foot of the Cros of Cedre. 1509 Fisher Fun. Serin. Hen. VII. Wks. (1876)274 He. .kyssed. .the lowest parte, the fote of the monstraunt. 1571 Digges Pantom. iii. xv. S iij b, Admit BCD a piller .. my desire is to knowe the waight of the fote. 1611 Bible Exod. xxx. 18 A Lauer of brasse, and his foote also of brasse. 1802 Mar. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. 214 You have seen this vase .. and ..the lines inscribed on the foot of it. 1875 Fortnum Majolica iii. 31 Dishes .. with .. a projecting circular ‘ giretto' behind, forming a foot or base. b. (See quot. 1892). 1869 Sir E. Reed Shipbuild. vii. 121 The frames behind armour in this part of the ship terminate in a foot at the lower deck. 1892 Lockwood's Diet. Mech. Engin ., Foot, a base or flange which sustains a casting or structure. 11 . a. Zool. Applied to various organs of loco¬ motion or attachment belonging to certain inverte¬ brate animals; in more precise technical language distinguished by special names, as ambulacrum , podium , pseudopodium, etc. 1835 Kirby Hab. <$• Inst. Anim. I. v. 177 The foot, or base by which the common coral is attached to the rocks. 1835-6 Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 701/2 In..the Conchiferous mollusks. .the foot constitutes a principal part of the body. 1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 551 The little animal, .is. .possessed of a ‘foot,’ often very long and moveable, by the aid of which it can crawl upon a solid surface. 1852 Dana Crust. 1. 10 Feet ambulatory or prehensile. b. Bot. In various uses. The part (of a petal) by which it is attached ; the part (of a hair) below the epidermis; also, in ferns, mosses, etc. (see quot. 1882). 1671 Grew Anat. Plants 1. v. (1682) 35 The Foot of each Leaf being very long and slender. 1882 Vines Sachs' Bot. 427 The foot js an organ by which the embryo attaches itself to the tissue of the prothallium, in order to draw nourishment from it. 1891 A. Johnstone Bot. 44 The part within the epidermal surface developing into the foot, and the protruded portion into the body of the hair. 12 . Printing. (See quots.) 1683 Moxon Mech. Exerc. II. 376 Foot of the Letter, the Break-end of the Shanck of a Letter. 1888 Southward in Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 698 The groovedivides the bottom of the type into two parts called the feet. 13 . The extremity of the leg (of a pair of compasses, a chair, etc.). 1551 Recorde Pathw. Knowl. 1. iii, Set one foote of the compasse in the verye point of the angle. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 206 Describe a Circle..by placing one Foot in the prick-mark, and turning about the other Foot. 1831 Brewster Optics iii. 25 Place one foot of the compasses in the quadrant NE. 14 . Of a plough : (See quots. and Plough-foot). X 5 2 3 Fitzherb. Husb. § 4 A man maye temper for one thynge in two or thre places, as for depnes. The fote is one. 1688 R. Holme Armoury iii. viii. 333/2 The Foot, is the piece of Hooked or Bended Wood, at the end of the Plow, under the Suck. 1846 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. VII. 72 If the foot was not wide, it would cut into the soil. 15 . Of an organ pipe (see quots.). 1852 Seidel Organ 78 The foot upon which the whole pipe rests. 1876 Hiles Catech. Organ iv. (1878) 25 The foot [of a wooden organ pipe] is a tube introduced at the bottom of the pipe; it serves as a support, and also as a conductor of the wind. 16 . In a sewing-machine: The small plate which is pressed on the cloth to hold it steady. 1877 Knight Diet. Mech., Presserfoot. 188. Direct. Singer's * Medium ’ Sewing Mach., Adjust the corder-foot to the presser-bar.. In placing each succeeding cord, guide the fabric with the last cord sewed in the second groove of the foot. 17 . One of the marginal pieces forming a serrated edge round the carapace of the Hawkbill turtle; otherwise called ‘ hoofs ’ or ( claws ’; in pi. the commercial name for the smaH plates of tortoise¬ shell which line the carapace. V. The lowest part, bottom. 18 . The lowest part or bottom of an eminence, or any object in an erect or sloping position, as a wall, ladder, staircase, etc. Chiefly governed by preps. C1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 89 On \>e fot of }>e dune \>e men clepen munt oliuete. <11300 Cursor M. 2481 (Cott.) Vnder }>e fote of mont mambre, par he ches to seit his fee. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 65 At J? e foot of [>e hille mount Olympus. 1497 Bp. Alcock Mohs Perfect. C iij. The fote [of the ladder] stode by hym. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. hid. ii. 6b, A man. .who was going to gather honny at the foote of a bush. 1667 Milton P. L. iii. 485 And now at foot Of Heav’ns ascent they lift thir Feet. 1678 Trial of Coleman 44 At the Foot of the Stair¬ case. 1717 Berkeley Let. Wks. 1871 IV. 80 Torre del Greco, a town situate at the foot of Vesuvius. 1779 J. Bur- goyne Lett, to Constit. (ed. 3) 15 Even the feet of the gallows, were resorted to for other recruits. 1815 Falconer's Diet. Marine, The Foot of a Mast, is the lower end, or that which goes into the step, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. ii. 68 A forest of dark pines .. gathered like a cloud at the foot of the mountain. b. The beginning or end of the slope (of a bridge). C1450 Merlin 227 Here be-fore the yates at the brigge foote. 1548 Hall Chi'on ., Hen. VI (an. 28) 160b, Y° rebelles drave the citezens from the stoulpes at the bridge foote. 1739 Labelye Short Acc. Piers Wes tin. Bridge p. vi, Westminster-Bridge Foot, c 1850 Arab. Nts. (Rtldg.) 597 They passed this bridge, at the foot of which they met with an old blind man. c. Geom. Foot of theperpendicular: (see quot.). 1840 Lardner Geom. xii. 147 The point .. where the perpendicular meets the plane, is called the foot of the perpendicular. d. Naut. (See quot. 1776.) 1697 Dampier Voy. I. xviii. 495 We rolled up the foot of our Sail on a pole fastned to it. 1776 Falconer Diet. Marine , Foot of a sail, lower edge or bottom. 1882 Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 127 Carry up the foot. 19 . The lower end, bottom (of a page or docu¬ ment, a class or list, a table, etc.). At fool : at the bottom (of a page). 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. iv. 142 Look in the Foot of the Table for the fifth Rhomb. 1-683 Moxon Mech. Exerc. II. 377 He claps the Fingers of his Left Hand about the Foot of the Page. 1722 Wollaston Relig. Nat. ix. 218 At the foot of the page. 1855 Thorpe Pref. to Beowulf (1875) 8 Placing the proposed correction at foot. 1884 G. Moore Mummer s Wife (1887) 223 He was invited to take the foot of the table and help the cold salmon. 20 . Law. Foot of afine (AF .pee, Anglo-Lat./^): that one of the 1 parts ’ of a tripartite indenture recording the particulars of a fine (see Fine sb . 1 6 b), which remafhed with the court, the other two being retained by the parties. When the undivided sheet was placed so that this counterfoil could be read, it was actually at the ‘ foot ’ of the parchment (the extant ‘feet of fines’ have therefore their indentation at the top); in the other two counterparts the direction of the writing was at right angles to that of the ‘ foot ’. The expression pes indenturae * foot of the indenture’ also occurs. Horwood’s suggestion, that the term (L. pes) arose from a misinterpretation of AF pes, pais, ‘ peace ’ is baseless. [1293 in Year Bits. 21 & 22 Edw. / (Rolls) 221 E ke cele fin se leva tel an coram &c. nus vochum le pee de la fin a garrantye.] 1581 Act 23 Eliz. c. 3. § 1 The Concorde, Note and Fote of everyesuche Fyne. 1876 Digby Real Prop. ii. § 8. 93 A document was drawn up, called in later times the foot, chirograph, or indenture of the fine. 1895 Pollock & Maitland Hist. Eng. Law I. 198 This ‘final concord ’ or ‘ fine', will be drawn up by the royal clerks and one copy of it, the so-called ‘ Foot of the Fine ’, will remain with the Court. 21 . What is written at the foot. t a. The sum or total (of an account). Obs. 1480 Wardr. Acc. Edw. IV ( 1830) 154 note, ‘The foote of the deliveree of stuff’. 1520 Churchw. Acc. St. Giles, Reading 8 In the ffote of the same accompte xj M xiiij s vijA 1623 Bp. Andrewes Serin. Nativ. xvi. (1629) 148 So, it signifies to make the foot of an account. We call it the foot, because we write it below at the foot. 1692 Dryden Cleomen. iv. i, A trifling sum of Misery, New added to the foot of thy Account. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 346 f 1 The generous man .. will soon find upon the foot of his account that he has sacrificed to fools. t b. The refrain or ‘ chorus ’ (of a song). To bear a foot : to sing a refrain. Obs. 1552 Huloet, Dittye synger, or he that beareth y ‘ fote of the songe, prsesentor [sic], c 1568 in Laneham's Let. (1871) Pref. 127 Here entreth Moros .. Synging the foote of many Songes, as fooles were wont. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turkes 777 A souldior. .sung a dolefull dittie whereunto his fellows sighing bare a foot. 1621 Molle Camerar. Liv. Libr . v. ii. 322 In praise of him certaine jygges were made which the yong lads vsed to sing..the foot of them was this; A thousand, thousand, thousand, we. .[etc.]. 22 . (Plural foots). That which sinks to and lies upon the bottom ; bottoms, dregs ; the refuse in re¬ fining oil, etc.; coarse sugar, d. foot grease, sugar. 1560 Lei. in Hakluyt Voy. I. 306 Much of this Waxe had a great foote..You must cause the foote to bee taken off before you doe weigh it. 1644 Nye Gunnery V. (1647) 11 Fill up the Barrel with earth .. afterwards pour_.. clean water upon the earth, .then pull out the Taps or Spiggots.. and let the water drop out of that vessel into another, .this water when it hath dropped twice, is called water of Foot. 1687 B. Randolph Arclupelago 91 They raise the foot of the oyl, so that thick and thin goes together. 1770-4 A. Hunter Georg. Ess. (1803) I. 318 The bottoms or foots of oil. 1871 Daily News 5 Jan., Lump sugar is 131/. a pound, foots moist 9 d. 1886 Elworthy IV. Somerset Word-bk., 51 FOOT. 402 FOOT. Foots, dregs, sediment. This here cyder 'ont suit me, there’s to much voots in it. VI. Footing, standing, basis. + 23 . Foothold, standing-ground. Obs. 1579 Tomson Calvins Semi. Tim. 148/1 Their getting foote may be to their owne destruction 1652 F. Kirkman Cleris <$• Lozia 113 Hinder new love from getting foot in her heart. 1662 More Philos. Writ. Pref. Gen. (1712) 19 Considering also how far that Philosophy has already got foot in Christendom. + 24 . The footing, basis, understanding, totality of conditions or arrangements, on which a matter is established ; the agreed or understood position or status which a person or thing occupies in rela¬ tion to another. = Footing vbl. sb. 8 . Obs. 1559 Jewel Let. to Bullingcr in Strype Ann. Fey. I. x. 131 Religion was restored on that foot on which it stood in King Edwards time. 1686 Loud. Gaz. No. 2116/1 The Salaries of all Officers .. are likewise retrenched. The Counoils .. are to be reduced to the foot they were upon in the Year 1621. 1707 Freind Peterborow’s Cond. S/>. 7 Matters were set upon a new Foot. 1735 Berkeley Def Free-think. in Math. Wks. 1871 III. 325 If you defend Sir Isaac’s notions, .it must be on the rigorous foot of rejecting nothing. 1745 P. Thomas Voy. S. Seas 305The Viceroy., found he expected to be received on the same Foot with himself. 1762-71 H. Walpole Vertue’s A need. Paint. (1786) III. 278 Boit .. was upon so low a foot, that he went into the country, and taught children to draw. 1767 Franklin Lett. Wks. 1887 IV. 9, I wish all correspondence was on the foot of writing and answering when one can. 1827 Pollok Course T. ix. 727 When he should stand on equal foot beside The man he wronged. f b. On the foot of: on the ground of. Obs. 1679 Penn Addr. Prot. 11. 84 He laid the Sin of the Jews upon this Foot, viz., That they rejected him, after he had made proof of his Divine Mission, a 1797 H. Walpole Mem. Geo. II (1847) II. viii. 259 The Prince excused his own inapplication on the foot of idleness. f 25 . Standard rate of calculation or valuation. Under foot : below standard value. Obs. 1588 J. Mellis Briefe Instr. F viij b, Vse one Foote or Standerd of money in your accompt in your Leager. 1594 Death of Usurie 12 The man beeing driuen to distresse, sels his corne farre vnder foote. 1645 Quarles Sol. Recant. 1. 44 Not deem’d a pen’worth under foot. 1691 Locke LoT-ver. Interest Wks. 1727 II. 80 He must pay twenty per Cent, more for all the Commodities he buys with the Money of the new Foot. 1726 Berkeley in Fraser Life iv. (1871) 137, I know money is at present on a very high foot of exchange. 1734 tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. (1827) I. 1. iv. 195 The disparity between the ancient and modern measures which it is hard to estimate on a fixed and certain foot. VII. Phrases. 26 . a. f To catch ox have by the foot', to catch as in a trap; to hold fast, keep from flying. + To give (a person) a foot: to trip (him) up. To have one foot in the s;rave : to be near death. 1550 Latimer Serm. Fruitf. Serm. (1571) 90b, In answer¬ ing him to this they would haue caught him by the foote. 1632 Massinger & Field Fatal Denary 1. ii, When one foot’s in the grave. 1643 Prynne Sea. Power Part. 1. (ed. 2) 52 The English Armies disband themselves, as dreaming they had now good fortune by the foote. 1767 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. V. 15 Harry, giving him a slight foot, laid him on the broad of his back. 1886 J. Payn Luck Darrells xv, He has twenty thousand a year. .And one foot in his grave. b. In adv. phr.: f Feet against (or to) feet , said with reference to the Antipodes. Foot to foot', with one’s foot against an opponent’s ; in close combat. f (To come hi) foot and hand-, stepping forward and dealing a blow at the same time. Feet first: see First a. 3 b. (With one’s) feet foremost', lit., hence also ‘ as a corpse’. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) xvii. 182 Thei that dwellyn under us, ben feet a3enst feet. 1553 Eden Decades viii, The Antipodes (that is) such as go fiete to fiete ageynst us. 1596 Shaks. 1 Hen. IV, 11. iv. 241 [These] Began to giue me ground: but I followed me close, came in foot and hand. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks 879 They encountred one another, not with their missive weapons onely..but with their drawne swords foot to foot. 1606 Shaks. Ant. 4- Cl. 111. vii. 67 Fighting foot to foot. 1737 Ozell Rabelais II. 27 They never enter St. Denys but with their Feet foremost. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. xxix. 384 Hans, Morton and myself crawled feet-foremost into our buffalo- bag. i860 All Year Round No. 65. 350 It [the disease] . .had carried him out with his feet foremost. c. To find or know the length of (a person’s) foot : to discover or know his weaknesses, so as to be able to manage him. To measure another man’s foot by one's own last : to measure others by one’s own standard, to judge others by oneself. 1580 Lyly F.ufhues (Arb.) 290 You shal not know the length of my foote, vntill by your cunning you get commenda¬ tion. 159® K- Bernard tr. Terence 70 He measures an other mans foote by his owne last, a 1617 Bayne On Eph. i. 15 (1643) 156 Persons who can humour them, and finde the length of their foote. 1861 Trollope Barchester T. xxxv, Farmer Greenacre's eldest son. .had from his earliest years taken the exact measure of Miss Thorne’s foot. 27 . With reference to standing. (To be, jump up) upon or (to raise) to one's feet : in, into or to a standing position. To be on one's feet : to be able to stand ; hence, in health. To set (a person) on his feet, to make his position or means of living secure. To carry (a person) off his feet: [fig.) to ‘carry away’ with enthusiasm, or the like. To drop or fall on one's feet', see Fall v. 64 h. To keep one's feet', to stand or walk upright or without falling. + To stand upon one's own feet or its own foot: to rely on one’s own resources; (of a thing) to be judged on its merits. c 1440 Generydes 44 Vppc vppon his fete he was a non. c 1500 Melusinc xxiii. 156 Make here by fore me the feste as that I were now on my feet. 1657 Burton's Diary (1828) II. 67 I move, .that you would leave Serjeant Dendy's right to stand upon its own foot. 1801 Gabrielli Myst. Husb. iv. 146 A sixth [hundred pounds] would set her once more upon her feet. 1845 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 26 The bishops.. hastened to raise the king to his feet. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 301 He could not keep his feet in a breeze. 1889 Repent. P. Wentworth III. 145 He positively carried me off my feet for a few minutes that evening. 28 . With reference to placing the feet. To put onesfoot doivn : to take up a firm position. To put {set) ones foot {down) tipon : to have nothing to do with ; to repress firmly. To put a foot upon : ? to get an unfair advantage of, to wrong. To put one's foot in or into it: to get into difficulties or trouble ; to blunder (1 colloq .). f To set one's foot by or to (another or another’s) : to engage in combat with. 1536 St. Papers Hen. VIII , I. 506 No man can or dare set his fote by ours in proving of the contrary, c 1609 Hieron Wks. (1624) I. 7 Saint Paul, .would not haue feared for pro¬ fession of Religion, to set his foot to him that was holiest. 1663 Pepys Diary 23 May, I had a fray with Sir J. Minnes in defence of my Will in a business where the old Coxcomb would have put a foot upon him. 1798 Gent. Mag. in Spirit Pub. Jrnls. (1799) II. 57 The General had put his foot into it again. 1823 ‘ Bee ’ Slang s. v. ‘ To put one’s foot in it, 1 to make a blunder on the wrong side; to get into a scrape by speaking. 1833 Marryat P. Simple xii, I put my foot into it (as we say), for I was nearly killed. 1868 J. H. Blunt Ref. Ch. Eng. I. 65 Wolsey set his foot upon this plan. 1886 J. Payn Luck Darrells xxvi, She..put her foot down .. upon the least symptoms of an unpleasantry. b. To set or put (one's) foot at, in, into, + off, on, + out of (a place). c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon ix. 222 I shall never sette foote there. 1542 Udall Erasm. Apoph. 46 It was a foule shame for a phylosophier to sette his foote into any hous where bawderie wer kepte. 1548 Hall Chron., Edw. IV. (an 15) 237 b, Whom if you permitte once to set but one foote, out of your power, .there is no mortall creature able, .to deliver hym from death. 1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 251/2 Sins which haue set in foote. 1596 Spenser State Irel. 81 In some places of the same they have put foote. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, hi. ii. 95 When I from France set foot at Rauenspurgh. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 11. vi, I was never to set my foot off this island. 1838 Lyttoh Leila i. v, Since first thou didst set foot within the city. 1875 T. W. Higginson U. S. Hist. v. 38 Columbus was not the first to set foot on the mainland. 29 . With reference to walking or running, a. ( To go) on one's own feet or f foot: walking. To pull foot (colloq.) : to run away, be off. + On the foot of: ready to start upon. + To setfoot fonvard: to advance ; also to quicken one’s pace. + To set on o?ie's foot: to start on the way ; depart. + To show the feet: to depart. + Give me your foot: let me see you go. To take one's foot in one's hand : to depart; also, to make a journey. To take to one's feet (or + foot) : to use the feet, go on foot, to walk as opposed to ‘ride.’ {Mr.) Foot's hofse (jocularly): one’s feet. a 1400-50 Alexander 3246 Quen fortune foundis him fra and him pe fete schewis. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xxi. 12 Oft falsett rydis with ane rowt, Quhen trewth gois on his fute abowt. 1508 Kennedy Fly ting w. Dunbar 473 Throu Ingland thef, and tak the to thy fute. 1548 Hall Chron., Hen . IV. (an. 1) 18 He. .never set fote forward duryng the first .ij. monethes, for the reisyng of the siege. 1575 J. Still Gammer Gurton iv. ii, Go softly, make no noyse, giue me your foote sir John, Here will I waite vpon you, tyl you come out anone. 1600 Holland Livy 111. xxvii. (1609) 106 Willing them to set foot forward, to mend their pace and make speed. 1601 Shaks. Jill. C. 11. i. 332 Set on your foote, And. .1 follow you. 1605— Macb. 11. iii. 131 Donal. Let’s away, Our Teares are not yet brew’d. Mai. Nor our strong Sorrow Vpon the foot of Motion. 1755 Smollett Don Quix. iv. iv. I. 232 Andrew, .made his bows, and as the saying is, took his foot in his hand. 1779 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 19 June, I took to my feet and ran away. 1818 M. G. Lewis Jrnl. W. Ind. (1834) 109 One of my ladies chose to pull foot, and did not return, .till this morning. 1864 Burton Cairn¬ gorm 5 The kind of scenes he may alight on if he ‘ take his feet in his hands ’. 1883 Harper's Mag. 946/1 The privilege of taking this trip on ‘ foot’s horse \ b. With reference to ‘ pace *. To have leaden feet: to move very slowly. To have the foot of : to be more speedy than. ( To move) at a foot's pace: at walking pace. To run a good, tic. foot (of a horse) : to run at a good pace, run at his best pace. To put (or set) the (or one's) best foot first, foremost or ; fonvard: see Best a. 5. t The better foot before: at one’s best pace. + To put the wrong foot before : to make a blunder. 1588 Shaks. Tit. A. 11. iii. 192 Come on my Lords, the better foote before. 1589 R. Harvey PI. Perc. 4 Thou 1 putst the wrong foote before. 1601 Dent Pathw. Heaven 141 Though God haue leaden feet, and commeth slowly to execute wrath, a 1613 Overbury A Wife (1638) 164 Hee is still setting the best foot forward. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1757) II. 123 A large, nimble, strong, well-moving | Horse, that would run a pretty good Foot. 1785 Burns To Davie xi, And then he’ll hilch, and stilt, an’ jimp, And rin an unco fit. 1818 M. G. Lewis Jrnl. W. Ind. (1834) | 362 Thus we proceeded crawling along at a foot’s pace. ! 1849 E. E. Napier Excurs. S. Africa II. 373 We had to put our best foot foremost. 1856 Lever Martin's of Cro' M. 133 I threw out a ‘tenpenny* in the midst. The ‘blind* fellow saw it first, but the ‘ lame cripple ’ had the foot of him, and got the money ! c. With the sense of ‘ step \ To miss one's foot: to take a wrong step. + Foot by {for, with) foot; step by step, gradually; keeping step together; also fig. To change foot or feet: see Change v. 9. I To have a good foot on the floor (Sc.) : ‘ to dance well’(Jam.). c 1290 V. Eng. Leg. I. 143/1300 Send with us fot with fot ane legat. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iv. lxi. (1869) 2 °5 pe olde also, foot bi foot, comen pider. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 378 Fit for fit to Forfar all tha fuir. 1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 347/2 Hee that walketh with a straight foote..will not fetch many windlesses to drawne neere to God. 1626 A. Cook in Abp. Usher's Lett. (1686) 373 Your Lordship had need now to do something; for few go with a right foot, and the Enemies are many. 1631 Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 216 Anselme. .followed his predecessors steps almost foot by foot. 1785 Burns Halloween xxvi, She jumpet, But mist a fit, an’ in the pool Out-owre the lugs she plumpet. 30 . Expressing position relatively to the feet, a. At (a person’s) feet or f foot: low on the ground close to him; also,^*., in the attitude of supplication, homage, subjection or discipleship; similarly to come, etc. to a person's feet\ before, beside one's feet, etc. See Fall v. 20. C950 Lindisf. Gosp. Luke vii. 38 And stod bihianda set fotum his miS taeherum. c 1x75 Lamb. Horn. 101 Da ileaffullen brohton heore gersum and leiden heo et pere apostlan fotan. a 1300 Cursor M. 9599 (Cott.) Be-for pe king fote sco stode. 1382 Wyclif Acts xxii. 3 A man Jew .. norischid forsoth in this citie bisydis the feet of Gama¬ liel. £1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxvi. 550 He cast hymself to the fete of hym. 1596 Shaks. Merch. V. 111. i. 92, I would my daughter were dead at my foot. 17x0 Berkeley Princ. Hum. Knowl. Ded. Wks. 1871 I. 133 To lay this treatise at your lordship’s feet. 1715-20 Pope lliaii xxiii. 28 The bloody Hector stretch’d before thy feet. 1814 Scott Drama (1874) 203 The royal bear-ward .. lodged a formal complaint at the feet of her majesty. 1861 Trollope Barchester T. xxvii, It was all very well to have Mr. Slope at her feet. 1895 Bookman Oct. 23/1 The lessons that he had learnt at the feet of Mazarin. b. j (To follow) at or to foot : closely. + To foot and hand', in close attendance, ready to render service (cf. ‘ to wait upon one hand and foot ’). With a foal at (her) foot: said of a mare. a 1300 Cursor M. 24031 (Cott.) We folud |)am to fote. Ibid. 6394 (Gott.) par had pai watir in wildernes land, Plente for men, to fhote and hand, ci 420 Sir Amadace (Camden) lviii, I 30 cummawunde To serue him wele to fote and honde. 1602 Shaks. Ham. iv. iii. 56 Follow him at foote. 1612 Sir R. Boyle in Lismorc Papers (1886) I. 10, 5 of them [mares] had horse colte at their feet. 1884 West. Morn. News 30 Aug. 1/6 Two excellent brood mares, with foals at foot. c. Under or beneath a person's foot or feet : fig. in subjection to him, at his mercy or at his absolute disposal. Cf. 33. £825 Vesp. Ps. viii. 8 [6] All Su underdeodes under fotum his. £ 1175 Lamb . Horn. 129 A 1 eorSlic pinguredrihten dude under his fotan. a 1225 Juliana 60 pu.. wurpe under hare fet hare fan alle. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, iii. i. 63 Who.. layd his Loue and Life vnder my foot. 1867 Trollope Chron. Barset III. vii. Mr. Crawley was now but a broken reed, and was beneath his feet. 31 . {To sell corn) on the foot: ‘to sell it along with the straw before it is thrashed off’ (Jam.). 1780 A. Young Tour Irel. I. 330 The value sold on the foot is in general 8/. 1812 Agric. Surv. Stirling iv. 104 The tenant, shall not sell his victual upon the foot, as it is called, or with the straw. 32 . On foot. (See also Afoot.) a. On one’s own feet, walking or running, in opposition to on horseback, etc. + Also, of, upon foot. a 1300 Cursor M. 6267 (Cott.) He folud wit ost on hors and fote. a X310 in Wright Lyric P. 90 The is bettere on fote gon, then wycked hors to ryde. c 1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 2397 When Gii seye the douke of fot. c 1400 Destr. Troy 356 So faire freikes vppon fote was ferly to se. 1568 Grafton Chron . II. 238 The Englishmen, .made three battayles on foote. 1667 Milton P. L. ii. 941 Treading the crude consistence, half on foot, Half flying, i860 Dickens Uncomm. Trav. iv, I drove up. .(fearful of being late, or I should have come on foot). b. In motion, stirring, astir (in opposition to sitting still, or the like). 1592 Shaks. Ven. «$• Ad. 679 When thou hast on foot the purblind hare, Mark.. How he outruns the wind. 1607 — Cor. iv. iii. 49 The Centurions, and their charges, .to be on foot at an houres warning. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. 1. (1677) 99 When the Hare is started and on foot. 1818 M. G. Lewis Jrnl. W. Did. (1834) 161 Every body in Jamaica is on foot by six in the morning. 1885 T. Roosevelt Hunt¬ ing Trips 280 Though I got very close up to my game, they were on foot before I saw them. c. In active existence, employment, or opera¬ tion. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. v. ii. 757 Since loues argument was first on foote, Let not the cloud of sorrow justle it. 1651 W. G. tr. Cowers Inst. 190 Unlesse the lease which is on foot., be within three yeares of expiring. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 262 ?6 Those Gentlemen who set on Foot the Royal Society. 1779 Burke Corr. (1844) II. 283 Nothing seems to me more wild, .than the subscriptions now on foot. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) V. 212 Terms for years, which are kept on foot by purchasers .. are not barred by fine. 1862 Ld. Brougham Brit. Const, xvii. 264 If, then, a King FOOT. 403 FOOT. were to retain the troops on foot without a Mutiny Bill. 1867 Trollope Chrott. Barset xlvii,The bishop had decided to put on foot another investigation. 33 . Under foot. (Sometimes written as one word.) a. Beneath one’s feet; often to trample or tread under foot (also f feet), in lit. sense, also fig. to oppress, outrage, contemn, f To bring , have under foot : to bring into, hold in subjection, t To cast under foot : to ruin. r 1205 Lay. 11693 pis lond. .he. .hsefde al vnderfot. **1305 Pilate 49 in E. E. P. (1862) 112 If he pat lond chastep wel: and bringep vnder fote. c 1420 Hoccleve Covipl. 13 Deathe vnder fote shall hym thrist adowne. 1551 Robinson tr. More's UtoP . (Arb.) 161 Dissention .. hathe caste under foote. .the. .riches of many cities. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, v. i. 209 From thy Burgonet lie rend thy Beare, And tread it vnder foot with all contempt. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Red. 11. § 12 He never deserted it till both it and he were over-run and trod under foot. 1652 Wright tr. Camus' Nature's Paradox 260 They trampled under feet all private considerations. 1700 S. L. tr. Fry he's Two Voy. 308 They [elephants] would have trampl'd us under foot. Mod. colloq. It is not raining, but it is very wet under foot. b. Naut. i Under the ship’s bottom; said of an anchor which is dropped while she has headway * (Smyth Sailor s IVd.-bk.) ; also of the movement of the tide, etc. Also, + to have a good etc. ship under foot (i. e. to be sailing in such a ship). 1633 T. James Voy. 79 This Cable had laine slacke vnder- foot. 1670 Wood in Hacke Coll. Voy. hi. (1699) 61 It must .. be a bad Port in Winter, when .. a Storm blows at West . .and a Tide of Ebb under Foot. 1719 De Foe Crusoe x. (1840) 166 Running cheerfully before the wind, and with a strong tide or eddy under foot. 1726 Shelvocke Voy. (1757) 3 2I » I bad a pretty good ship under foot, though she made but a poor figure. 1804 Capt. Duff in Naval Chron. XV. 281 We have a good comfortable ship under foot, i860 Merc. Marine Mag. VII. 180 The Pilot..dropped the port anchor under foot. VIII. attrib. and Comb. 34 . a. simple attrib., as foot-clamper , - gear, - muscle , - part , - shackle , - wear, -wound. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. xxii. 273 Pointed staves, *foot- clampers, and other apparatus for climbing ice. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. in. 1. viii, Their *foot-gear testified no higher than the ankle to the muddy pilgrimage. 1854 Woodward Mollusca (1856) 250 The *foot-muscles. 1644 Evelyn Diary 19 Nov., The nave..is in form of a cross, whereof the *foot-part is the longest. 1848 Craig, * Foot- shackles, fetters, shackles for fixing the feet. 1881 Chicago Times 11 June, If yalues were based upon present quotations of leather, an advance would be necessary upon several descriptions of *foot-wear. a 1225 After. R. 194 Vlesches fondunge mei beon iefned to *uot wunde. b. In the sense of ‘ on foot *, 1 going on foot as t foot-chapman , -comer, -excursion , fiarer, + fight, -hawker, \ -messenger, - party, -passenger, -people , - robber , -servant, - tour , -traveller, -walker, -wandering ; foot-faring, -naming adjs. 1584 Burgh Rec. Aberdeen (Spald. Club) II. 54 That no extranear *fut chopmane copair resort to this toun fra this furtht. 1811 Coleridge in Southey's Life Bell (1844)11. 645 The entrance .. is disagreeable even to *foot-comers. 1796 T. Twining Trav. Amer. (1894) 148 He was absent with some friends on a *foot excursion. 1861 G. Mere¬ dith E. Harrington I. vi. 95 Dividing his attention between the *footfarer and moon. 1868 G. Macdonald R. Falconer I. 190 Half a dozen *footfaring students from Aberdeen. 1580 Sidney Arcadia (1622) 171 So began our * foot-fight. 1884 S. Dowell Taxes in Eng. III. 38 The revenue from the ^foot-hawkers’ licences. 1688 R. Holme Armoury 111. 60/1 *Foot Messengers of Arms, are such *Foot Servants, as are imployed by the Heralds of Arms. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. xx. 252 The ice had baffled three organized *foot-parties. 1832 Babbage Econ. Matiuf. iv. (ed. 3) 34 When "foot-passengers are knocked down by carriages. 1807 Pike Sources Mississ. 11. (1810) 114 My Indians and *foot people were yet in the rear. 1754 Scoundrels Diet . 29 The Low-Pad, or * Foot-robber. 1865 Kingsley Herew. I. i. 62 A *foot-running slave. 1883 F. M. Crawford Dr. Claudius iii, He was going away on his customary *foot tour. 1805 Wordsw. Prelude (1850) 152 *Foot-travellers side by side..we pursued Our journey. 1751 Hume Princ. Morals iv. 71 note. Amongst *Foot- walkers, the Right-hand entitles a Man to the Wall. 1839 Bailey Festusv. (1852) 62 The fastings, the *footwanderings, and the preachings of Christ. C. esp. in sense ‘ of or pertaining to infantry as + foot-arms, + -band, -barracks, -company, -drill, t -officer,--soldiery-troop. Also Foot-folk,-guards. 1662 Protests Lords I. 26 For assessing all persons men¬ tioned therein for horse, arms, and *foot-arms. 1598 Bar¬ ret Theor. IVarres it. i. 26 A Captaine of Infanterie, or ’foot-band. 183s D. Booth Analyt. Diet. 157 Artillery- barracks, Horse-barracks, and *Foot-barracks. 1633 Bar- riffe Mil. Discip. lxvii. 11643) *78 The severall motions and grounds, for the disciplining of a "foot company. 1833 Regul. Instr. Cavalry I. 43 The position of the man as in * Foot-drill, a 1674 Clarendon Hist. Reb. xvi. § 96 [Monk] had the reputation of a very good *Foot-Officer. 1622 Drayton Poly-olb. xxix. 155 Seauen Earles, nine hundred ■ Horse, and of *Foot-souldiers more. 1874 Boutell A rms 4 Arm. viii. 133 The treatment.. shown to the foot-soldier of England by the nobles. 1579 Fenton Guicciard. (1618) 271 The French.. discouered the *foot-troopes of the Genoways. d. In sense ‘ for the use of persons going on foot \ ‘ serving for foot-traffic ’, as foot-passage, -pavement, -road, -track, -walk ; also, foot-boat, -bridge in 35 below, and Foot-path, -way. 1789 Brand - Newcastle I. 15 Convenient *foot-passages have lately been opened out on each side of this gate. 1791 Boswell Johnson II. 528 When he had got down on the ^foot-pavement, he called out ‘ fare you well’. 1863 [ Kinglake Crimea (1876) I. xiv. 276 Numbers of spectators .. crowded the foot-pavement. 1784 1 !age Barham D. I. 220 [He] saw a well dressed young woman, .take the ’ foot road down to the river side. 1891 C. T. C. James Rom. Rigmarole 125, I thought I would, .quit the beaten ’foot- track, and strike boldly across country. 1837 Hawthorne Twice-Told T. (1851) I. ix. 166 Leaving him to sidle along the ’footwalk. e. In the names of various appliances worked by the foot, as foot-bellows, blower, -drill, -hammer, -lathe, -lever, -press, -vise. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 901/2 * Foot-bellows. 1884 W. A. Ross Blowpipe 1 A *foot-blower. 1892 Lockwood's Diet. Mech. Engin. (ed. 2), * Foot-drill, a light drilling machine driven by a treadle. 1812-6 J. Smith Panorama Sc. z f ut ball vnder +e payne of iiij d. 1531 Elyot Gov. 1. xxvii, Foote balle, wherin is nothinge but beastly furie and exstreme violence. 1663 Flagellum or O. Crom¬ well (ed. 2) 8 Players at Foot-ball, Cudgels, or any other boysterous sport or game. 1791 W. Bartram Carolina 509 The foot-ball is likewise a favorite, manly diversion with them [the Indians]. 1880 Times 12 Nov. 4/4 Not 15 years back, few men played football after they left school. 3 . fig. {esp. a person or thing that is kicked or tossed about like a football). 1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 416/1 For so he maye translate the worlde in to a footeball yf he ioyne therewith certayn circumstaunces, and saye this rounde rollyng foote¬ ball that men walke vpon [etc.]. ?c 1600 Distr. Emperor 11. i. in Bullen O. PI. III. 186, I am the verye foote-ball of the starres. 1711 Let. to Sacheverel 14 England must always have a National Football, and you, at present, are That. 1879 Froude Cxsarxv. 231 The .. institutions of the mistress of the world had become the football of ruffians. 4 . attrib. and Comb., as football-club, -day, -match, -play, -player, - playing , + -sport, + -swain, -union, -war. 1815 in Hone Every-Day Bk. I. 245 The coachman ex¬ claimed. .‘ It’s *Foot-ball day ’. 1887 Shearman Athletics $ Football 247 Shrove Tuesday .. was .. the great 4 football day ’ in England for centuries. 1711 Budgell Sped. No. 161 f 3, I was diverted from a farther Observation of these combatants, by a * Foot-ball Match. 1589 Cogan Haven Health i. (1612) 2 Some are vehement, as dauncing, leaping, *foote ball play. 1805 Scott Last Minstr. v. vi, Some, with many a merry shout. .Pursued the foot-ball play. 1605 Shaks. Lear 1. iv. 95 Ste. lie not be strucken, my Lord. Kent. Nor tript neither, you base *Foot-bal) plaier. 1583 Stubbf.s Anat. Abus. 1. (1879) 137 Some spend the Sabaoth day .. in .. *foot-ball playing, and such other deuilish pastimes. 1589 Greene Menaphon Wks. (Grosart) VI. 137 At *foote ball sport, thou shalt my champion be. 1653 kvxoti Angler i. 35 Where, for some sturdy *foot-ball Swain, Jone strokes a Sillibub or twaine. 1714 Gay Trivia 11. 226 Lo ! from far, I spy the Furies of the *Foot-ball War. Football (firtbpl), v. [f. prec. sb.] trans. To kick like a football; to kick about with the feet; also fig. Hence Foo-tballing ppl. a. 1599 Nashe Lenten Stuffe Wks. (Grosart) V. 268 They footebald their heades togither. 1627-47 Feltham Resolves II. lxxxiii. 427 To see how well meaning simplicity is foot- ball’d. i860 All Year Round No. 42. 363, I knew he longed..to football my unshorn head up and down the knubbly street. 1885 G. Meredith Dia?ia I. v. 129 She became the Mrs. Warwick of our footballing world. Footballer (fu-tbgtai). [f. prec. sb. or vb. + -er. 1 ] One who plays football. 1880 Melbourne Bulletin 29 Oct. 5/1 The Champion Footballers race for a quarter mile. Foo'tballist. [f. as prec. + -1 st.] = prec. 1882 Society 28 Oct. 18/1 When a Rugby Union footballist is running with a football, .the practice is to collar, .him. Footboard futbooid). [f. Foot sb. + Board.] 1 . A board to support the foot or feet; a board to stand on ; e.g. a small platform at the back of a carriage on which the footman stands; a board upon which to step when entering or alighting from a carriage ; the foot-rest of a driving-box; in U.S. the foot-plate (see Foot sb. 35) of a loco¬ motive engine. 1766 Smollett Trav. 11 , xxv. 5 [They] may be carried in a common chair, provided with a foot-board, on men’s shoulders. Ibid. II. xxvii. 54 The ladies sit within, and the cicisbei stand on the foot-boards, on each side of the coach. 1815 Sporting Mag. XLV. 184 A foot-board behind for the accommodation of a servant. 1825 J. Neal 'Jonathan II. xv. 58 His feet rested on a foot-hoard, which. .was attached .. to the rough axle-tree. 1874 Knight Diet. Meclt. I. 902/1 Foot-board , the platform on which the driver and stoker of a locomotive stand. A foot-plate. 1885 Miss Braddon W’yllard's IVeird I. ii. 49 She was standing on the foot¬ board. .with her face to the [railway-Jcoach. b. A treadle. 1874 in Knight Diet. Mtch. 1888 Lockwood's Diet. IIcch. Engin., Treadle or Foot Board , a strip of wood actuated by the foot and connected to the crank of a lathe, grindstone, .or other small machine. 2. An upright board set across the foot of a bed¬ stead. 1843 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. I. 232 Groping, with my hand, I felt the footboard at my head 1 Footboy. f a. A boy-attendant (obs. b. A boy (in livery) employed in the place of or to assist a foot¬ man ; a page-boy. 1590 Greene Mourn. Garm. Wks. (Grosart) IX. 139 On he paceth with his men and his foot-boyes towardes Assyria. 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI, iii. ii. 69 Like Peasant foot-Boyes doe they keepe the Walls. 1644 Prynne & Walker Fiennes' Trial 5 On Friday night late I received a Note from your Foot-boy. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 96 f 1 From my being first a Footboy at fourteen, to my present Station of a Nobleman’s Porter. 1837 Hawthorne Twice- Told T. (1851) I. ix. 163 The smart maid-servant, and the dirty little footboy. Foot-breadth, t-brede. [See Breadth and Brede j/.-] The breadth of a foot (as a measure). 1375 Barbour Bruce xi. 365 He gert men mony pottis ma Of a fut breid round. C1384 Chaucer H. Fame 111. 952 That wel vnneth in that place Hadde I a fote brede of space. 1535 Coverdale Dcut. ii. 5, I wyl not geue you one fote bredth of their londe. [Also in 1611.] 1768 Ross Helenore iii. 371 Charge them to halt, nor move on foot bred more. 1857 H. Miller Test. Rocks iii. 125 Luxuriant herbage cumbered every foot breadth of the dank. .soil. Foot-cloth. 11. A large richly-ornamented cloth laid over the back of a horse and hanging down to the ground on each side. It was considered as a mark of dignity and state. Obs. 1480 Wardr. Acc. Edw. IV (1830) 154 An herneys in russet velvet cloth of gold for an hakeney, and a footeclothe maade of russet velvet lyned with blac bokeram. 1589 Alar i Martine 6 Plucke but the foote cloth from his backe, The ' Asse will soone be seene. 1612 W. Parkes Curtaine-Dr. (1876) 24 Sometimes he that robbes both Church and Common-wealth is seene to ride on his foot-cloth. 1702 Lond. Gaz. No. 3842/1 The Town-Clerk with a Gold Chain, and his Footman and Footcloth. 1805 Scott Last Minstr. v. xvii, Fair Margaret on her palfrey came, Whose footcloth swept the ground. fg. x 594 Nashe Vnfort. Trav. Wks. (Grosart)V. 70 The 1 scolasticall squitter bookes clout you vp cannopies & foot- clothes of verses. 2. A cloth to set the feet upon, a carpet. 1639 Fuller Holy War iv. i. (1640) 165 Milain, and many other cities in Italy, .danced at this musick, made a foot¬ cloth of their Master’s livery. 1726-7 Swift Gulliver 1. ii. 38 A foot-cloth for your majesty’s chief room of state. 1824 Macaulay Ivry vi, Then on the ground.. Fling the red shreds, a footcloth meet for Henry of Navarre. 1847 Tennyson Princ. iv. 267 On the. .footcloth, lay The. .child. + 3. attrib. and Comb . (sense 1 ), as foot-cloth horse, mule, nag, -page, -servant, -sUdder. 1571 Sadler, Smith & Wilson Let. 7 Sept, in Murdin Coll. State Pap. (1759) 149 So havyng prepared a Fotecloth Nag for him..he was..quietly brought into the tower. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, iv. i. 54 Hast thou not..Bare¬ headed plodded by my foot-cloth Mule. 1594 — Rich. Ill , in. iv. 86 Three times to day my Foot-Cloth-Horse did stumble. 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 1. vii. 26 The Mule, and glorious Foot-cloath-pages, and Harbingers, are all too little for these Patriarchs, a 1658 Ford, etc. Witch Ed¬ monton v. i, I’ll. .Serve some Briarean footcloth-strider. Footed (fu‘ted), ppU a. [f. Foot sb. ancl v. + -ed.] Furnished with or having feet {rarely a foot). 1. a. Of a man or animal: Furnished with feet; having feet like (a dog, goose, etc.). a 1529 Skelton Elynour Rumming 49 Foted lyke a plane. 1608 Armin Nest Ninn. Aiva, Footed broad and long, In Motly cotes, goes Jacke Oates. 1661 J. Childrey Brit. Baconica 18 The Seal-fish is..footed like a Moldwarp. 1727 Philip Quarll (1816) 18 An animal, .faced and footed like a goat. 1854 H. H. Wilson Rig-veda II. 91 The footless dawn is the precursor of footed beings, i860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. ix. iii. § 5. 220 Thighed and shouldered like the billows;—footed like their stealing foam. b. in parasynthetic derivatives, q.v. under their first element (as brazen-, cat-, clawfooted, etc.), or as main words (e.g. Bake-, Fourfooted). c. fig. Footed as or with the wind : having feet as swift as the wind. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. xiii. 216 Each followes as his horse were footed with the wind. 1865 Swinburne A talanta 46 Fair as the snow and footed as the wind. 2. Of a shoe, stocking, piece of furniture, etc. : Having, or provided with, a foot or feet; also, mended with a (new) foot. 1453 Test. Ebor. (Surtees) II. 191, ij salers broken, of siluer gilted and footed. 1463 Bury Wills (Camden) 23 A chayer, iij. footyd stoolys. C1530 in Gutch Coll. Cur. II. 301 Item oone pleyne Pece footid and with a Cover. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage 1. xvi. 85 Then .. 80. women were carried in chaires footed with gold. 1639 Bury Wills (Camden) 182, I giue and bequeath. .my stone pott .. footed and tipt. a 1652 Brome City Wit iv. ii. Wks. 1873 I. 348 A fellow FOOTER. 406 FOOTING. that wore worsted stockings footed. 1844 Alb. Smith Adv. Mr. Ledbury I. xiv. 181 Various new-footed boots and shoes .. ranged in pairs. 1856 Kane A ret. Expl. II. x. 99 A large pair of footed trowsers. + 3 . Having a length of (a specified number of) feet: in parasynthetic comb., as twelve footed. Obs. 1616 Sheldon Miracles Antichr. 303 The twelue-footed man, as he is measured by Petrus de Natalibus ! + 4 . Composed in metrical feet. Obs. 1567 Maplet Gr. Forest 103 In footed verse. ^1595 Southwell St. Peters Compl. Ded., This measured and footed stile. 1601 Chester Love's Mart. (1878) 123 The . .swanne In footed verse sings out his deep annoy. 5 . Archery. Of an arrow : (See quot.). 1856 H. A. Ford Archery v. 29 Arrows are either scl/s or footed ; the former are made of a single piece of wood ; the latter .. have a different and harder wood dovetailed on to them at the pile end. Footer (firtai), sb. 1 [f. Foot sb. or v. + -Eid.] 1 . One who goes on foot, a pedestrian, rare. 1608 Topsell Serpents (1658) 780 Being none of the best footers she could hardly keep way with the Spider. 1890 Baring-Gould Old Co. Life 327 The tor is covered with horses, traps, carriages, footers. b. One who walks in a place, a frequenter. 1890 Univ. Rev. 15 July 317 This shy footer of solitudes. 2 . Falconry. Of the hawk : (see Foot v. 6). 1879 [see Foot v. 6]. 1879 Radcliefe in Encycl. Bril. IX. 10/2 They..are most deadly ‘footers’. 1881 Macm. Mag. Nov. 40 A better ‘ footer ’—more clever at seizing the quarry in his talons. 3 . Football, a. A kick at a football. ? Obs. b. slang. The game itself. 1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves , etc. (ed. 2) 89 Footer, a stroke at a foot-ball. Mod. colloq. Are you playing footer to-day ? 4 . Bowls. (See quot. 1876.) 1863 FeltJuim's Guide to Archery, etc. 57 If a gentleman play a bowl without his foot being upon the footer. 1876 Wilkinson in Encycl. Brit. IV. 180/2 The ‘footer’is the small piece of material—cocoa-nut matting is the best— whereon each player stands in delivering the ball. 5 . With a numeral prefixed : A person or thing whose height or length is of that number of feet ; as six-footer, twenty-onefooter, etc. 1844 J. T. Hewlett Parsons $ IV. xxxiii, I. .inquired of a second six-footer. 1892 Daily News 21 July 3/6 The club also sailed a match for 21-footers on Tuesday. Footer (f/ 7 *tai), sb’ 1 . dial, or slang. [? var. of Foutre.] (See quots.). ? Hence Foo ter v., to trifle, ‘potter about’. Foo’tering///. a. x 753 A. Murphy Gray's-Inn Jrnl. No. 36 True IrJcllig., A Thief, a low Fellow, a Footer. 1825 Jennings Somerset Gloss., Footer, .a scurvy fellow ; a term of contempt. 1847 Halliwell, Footer , to idle. 1893 Stevenson Vailima Lett. (1895) xxx. 273 Fussy footering German barons. Foo'tfall, foo t-fall. The fall of the foot on the ground in walking; a footstep, tread. 1610 Shaks. Temp. n. ii. 12 Like Hedg-hogs, which .. mount Their pricks at my foot-fall. 1826 Scott Jrnl. 18 May, For weeks you could have heard a foot.fall. 1873 Black Pr. Thule xxvi, He did not hear her approach, her footfall was so light. Foot-fell. Sc. Forms: 5 fut(e)fell, 6 futfaill, -vale, fytwale, 7, 9 fitfeal. [app. f. Foot sb. + Fell.] The fell or skin of a lamb that has died soon after it was dropped(Jam.). Also footfellskin. 1452 Jas. II Let. in Chart. A tent. (1890) 25 Skorlings, skaldings, futefell [etc.]. 1495 in Halyburton's Ledger (1867) 90 Item out of the samyn sek 125 futfell. 1535 A herd. Reg. V. 15 (Jam.) Ane dossund of futfaill sufficient stuf. Ibid. ,Vij. dossund of futfaill skynnis. 1592 Sc. Acts Jas. VI , §80 Skynnis. .callit in the vulgar toungScorlingis, scaldingis, futefaillis. 1670 Rates (Jam.), Fitfeals and scadlings. + Foo't-folk. Obs. [ME., f. Foot sb. + Folk. Cf. MHG. vuozpiolc, Ger. fuszvolk, Du. voelvolk, etc.] Foot-soldiers, infantry. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 398 Fot vole wythoute nombre. 13.. Coer de L. 4529 The foote folk and sympyl knaves, In hande they hente ful good staves. 1859 Thackeray Virgin. II. xv, Old George Frundsberg of Mindelheim, a colonel of foot-folk in the Imperial service. Footful (firtful). [f. Foot sb. + -ful.] As much as can be held with the foot. (Cf. handful.) 1850 Frasers Mag. XLII. 35 When the bird had grasped a footful it threw the sand behind it. Foo"fc-guards,foo'tg"uards. (Formerlyalso in sing.) A body of picked foot-soldiers for special service as a guard. Now the proper name of three infantry regiments, the Coldstream, Grenadier, and Scots Fusilier Guards. 1675 tr. MachiavcllVs Prince (Rtldg. 1883) 289 His German foot-guards consisted formerly of 300 men. 1678 tr. Gaya’s Art 0/ lVar 1. 75 When the Princes of blood .. and the Generals of an Army pass through any Town, the Gover- nours furnish them with a Foot-guard. 1703 Stef.le Tend. Hush. 11. i, The joiner of the Foot-guards has made his Fortune by it. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 588 A strong body of infantry, the English footguards leading the way, stormed, .the outworks. Foothold (ftrtihduld). [See Hold j-/l] 1 . A hold or support for the feet: a surface (secure or otherwise) for standing or walking on ; firm or stable position of the feet. 1625 F. Markham Bk, Hon. v. ii. 166 The onely readie and perfit scale (where is neither slipperie foot-holde, nor tottering ascent). 1692 R. L’Estkange Fables vi, He has nothing above him to Aspire to, nor any Foot-Hold left him to come down by. 1837 W. Irving Capt. Bonneville II. 222 The horses had no foothold, but kept plunging forward. 1871 L. Stephen Playgr. Fur. iv. (1894) 102 It was im¬ possible to cut steps in it [ice] deep enough to afford secure foothold. b. transf. 1692 R. L’Estrange Fables cccxxxiii. 291 All fell to Work at the Roots of the Tree, and left it so little Foot-hold, that the first Blast of Wind laid it Flat upon the Ground. 1880 Coutemp. Rev. Mar. 418 The hyssop finds firm foot-hold in the wall. 1890 Home $ Ch. St. Gregory the Great 10 The insertion of new foundations under the pillars, which were supported w'hile workmen removed their footholds. c. fig. 1660 H. More Myst. Godl. 1. v. 15 Those parts of the World where their Philosophy had taken foot-hold. 1855 H. Reed Lect. Eng. Lit. iv. (1878) 150 The Saracen was driven slowly from his last foothold in the west of Europe. 1864 Theolog. Rev. Mar. 19 As one foothold of belief after another is taken away. 2 ? US. ‘ A kind of light india-rubber overshoe, leaving the heel unprotected ; a sandal. Sometimes called a tip'. {Cent. Diet.) Foot-hook: see Futtock. Foo-t-ho*t, adv. ? Obs. [f. Foot sb. + Hot a. or adv. ; the sb. seems to be locative as in footsore ; cf. the differently-formed synonym hotfoot.’] a. In hot haste, without pause or slackening of speed, b. In the phrase to folloiv foot-hot , the adv. was sometimes taken to mean ‘ closely ’; hence it was used in other collocations to express mere proximity of situation. c 1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 843 Als quik he dede his schon of dravve, And karf his vaumpes, fot-hot. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Paul us 1164 Paule..Is cumine till hyme now fut- hat. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 11. 228 So that thair apples riped with foothoote The semynaire be sette in. c 1460 Towneley Myst. (.Surtees) iso Lett us ryn fote hote. 1470- 85 Malory Arthur ix. xxviii, They chalengyd sire launcelot foote hote. 1513 Douglas Aincis 1. Prol. 287, I knaw quhat payne is to follow him fute haite. I bid. xi. xvi. 37 Vnder the montane law thar stude fute hoit A byng of erth. 1576 Turberv. Vencrie 138 Those cruell curres.. Which vowe foot hote to followe me. 1579-80 North Plutarch { 1676)415 Following him foot-hot, as we commonly say, before the barbarous People could take breath. Footing (ftrtiq), vbl. sb. ff. Foot v. +-ing h] 1. The act of walking, pacing, or stepping; a step or tread. Now rare. + To set footing : to set foot {in, 071 a place), to enter. (Also fig.) 1583 Stanyhurst VEneis in. (Arb.) 89 He stutted, apaled And fixt his footing. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, in. ii. 87 Seeke not a Scorpions Nest Nor set a footing on this vnkinde Shore. 1606 — Tr. # Cr. 11. ii. 155 Can it be, That so degenerate a straine as this, Should once set footing in your generous bosomes? 1604 E. G. Acosta's Hist. Indies 111. xv. 163 For that man hath not so long a sight, nor so nimble and swift footing as were needeful. c 1611 Chapman Iliad x. 294 This man makes footing towards thee, Out of the tents. 1637 G. Daniel Genius of Isle 431 Recall thy footings thence, Wander not in Darke waies. 1642 Rcmonst. cone. Ch. Kingd. Ircl. 7 They will, with the assistance of Spaine and France, set footing in England. 1820 Keats Isabella xxiii, Towards him they bent their footing through the dews. + b. The action of setting foot upon land. 1604 Shaks. Oth. 11. i. 76 The bold Iago, Whose footing lieere anticipates our thoughts, A Senights speed. c. M oving with measured tread, dancing; + also, a dance. 1561 Hoby tr. Castiglione's Courtyer (1577) Yvb, To daunce well without ouer nimble footings or to busy trickes. 1596 Davies Orchestra xiv, My feet.. Did neuer yet the Art of footing know. 1652 Peyton Catastr. Ho. Stuarts (1731) 14 Queen Anne, who had trod so many stately Footings in Masks at Court. 1760 Goldsm. Cit. World lii. P 6 A squire from the country, .desirous of learning the new manner of footing. 2 . A mark or impression left by the foot; a foot¬ print, or footprints collectively; a trace, track, trail. Also fig. (cf. footstep'). Now rare. 1572 tr. Buchanan's Detect. Mary Q. Scots Mj, I will nat here precisely trace out all the footynges of the wickit doynges. 1576 Turberv. Venerie 64 Let him firste marke what manner of Slotte or footing it is. 1579 E. K. Ep. Ded. to Sfenser's Sheph. Cal. § 4 Poetes, whose foting this Author every where followeth. 1624 Sanderson 12 Scrtn. (1637) 420 God hath imprinted .. some steps and footings of his goodnesse in the Creatures. 1727 Bradley Fain. Diet., s. v. Hart, The Tracts or Footing of divers sorts of Beasts. 1841 D’Israeli Amen. Lit.'( 1867) 69 In Normandy we trace the first footings of our national power. 1847 Marryat Childr. N. Forest v, See, here is her footing. + 3. Recovery (of a woman after confinement) ? Obs. exc. in footing-time (see 17 ). Cf. on foot. 1566 Painter Pal. Pleas. I. 46 a, He asked the wife how she did, and praied the Goddes to send her good footyng, and then inquired of her trauell, and painful panges. 4. The action of placing the feet so as not to slip or stumble ; stable position of the feet, foothold. 1398 TREyisA Barth. De P. R. v. liv. (1495) 170 The sole of the fote is flesshly and playne forwarde and bakwarde to haue fotynge. 4:1500 Melusinc lv. 332 But footyng faylled hym, & [he] fell doun deed to the grounde. a 1529 Skelton Col. Cloute 1074 Stande sure and take good fotyng. 1670 Dryden Conq. Granada 1. iv. ii, Fear makes men look aside, and then their footing miss. 1708 Prior Turtle Sparro7o 366 Her footing chanc’d to fail And down she fell.. 1810 Scott Lady of L. 1. xiv. Unless he climb with footing nice, A far projecting precipice. 1869 C. Gibbon | R. Gray iv, ‘Come awa, Dawnie, and mind your futting.’ b. The action or manner of placing the feet for standing in a given position. 1545 Ascham Toxoph. (Arb.) 147 The fyrste poynte is when a man shoulde shote, to take suche footyng and standyng as shal be both cumlye to the eye and profytable to his vse. 1856 H. A. Ford Archery ix. 62 The footing must be firm, yet at the same time easy and springy. 5 . Support for the foot; surface (favourable or the contrary) for walking or standing upon. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, 1. iii. 193 To o’rewalk a Current, roaring loud, On the vnstedfast footing of a Speare. 1627 May Lucan in. 602 The Roman ships slow keel’d would firmely stand, And lend sure footing like a fight by land. 1789 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 8 July, I am delighted with the soft air and soft footing upon the sands. 1810 Scott Lady of L. iv. xxi, Where scarce was footing for the goat. 1824 Heber Jrnl. (1828) II. 44 It was probable we should find safe footing. + b. A notch or ledge for the foot, a * step ’. Obs. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 266 We, by foot¬ ings made in the rocks, descended, as we might say, down a pair of stairs. t>. fig. Firm or secure position; established place; foothold, establishment. 1586 Walsingham Let. 4 Mar. in Spottiswood Hist. Ch. Scot. (1655) 361 In former times, when England had a foot¬ ing in France. 1642 Fuller Holy Prof. St. v. xii. 407 A lie cursorily told takes little footing .. in the tellers memory. 1710 Berkeley Princ. Hunt. Knowl. § 55 Those notions have gained but a very inconsiderable foot¬ ing in the world. 1815 W. H. Ireland Scribblcomama 120 This clerical baronet has vainly endeavoured to gain a footing upon the theatrical boards. 1869 Trollope He knew xxii, She had made good her footing in her aunt’s house. •f 7 . The foundation, ground, or basis on which anything rests or from which it springs. Obs. 1581 J. Bell Haddon ?s Answ. Osor. 407 All which do come altogether to utter ruine, if Purgatory decay once: but if Purgatory hold fast, then are they all of good footing. a 1617 Hieron Wks. 1619 II. 441 A thing for which we find no footing in the scripture. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk <$• Selv. 46 This way of speaking has so good footing, that [etc.]. 8. The conditions and arrangements, the under¬ stood state of things, on which an institution, etc. is established; the position or status due or assigned to a person, etc. in estimation or treatment. On the same, on one or a footing {with ): on an equality. *657 Cromwell Sf. 21 Apr., I think we are now to con¬ sider, not what we are in regard to our Footing and that of the Government which called this Parliament. 1657-8 Burtons Diary (1828) II. 440 It is not long since they got the title of Lords. Anciently, all were upon one footing of account. 1741 tr. D'A rgens Chinese Lett. XX. 136 They resolved to put the Chinese on the same Footing as the Dutch. 1769 Junius Lett. No. 2 (1804) I. 24 n. 2 The army . .was never upon a more respectable footing with regard to discipline. 1807-8 Syd. Smith Plymley s Lett. Wks. 1859 II. 177/1 What the Catholics ask for is to be put on a footing with the Protestant Dissenters. 1818 Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. iv. 424 Mahomed AH was. .placed upon the footing of an ally of the King of Great Britain. 1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. i. (1889) 3 The eldest sons of baronets.. were scarcely admitted on any other footing [than as gentlemen- commoners]. 1894 Times (weekly ed.) 9 Feb. 115/2 The Khedive .. stands upon an altogether different footing from the Sultan. b. The ‘ terms 9 on which a person stands in inter¬ course with another; degree of intimacy or favour; relative status (as an equal, superior, or inferior). 1742 Fielding J. Andrews 11. iv, Horatio and Leonora were what they call on a good footing _ together. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. xx, I was admitted to his table upon the footing of half friend, half underling. 1796 Jane Austen Pride # Prej. v. 188 You see on what a footing we are. 9 . Entrance on a new position, etc. (in phr. to pay for ones footing) ; hence, a fee demanded of a person on doing something for the first time or on being admitted to any trade, society, etc. 1710 Brit. Apollo III. No. 12. 2/2 Young. .Sinners .. not yet of Age to pay for their Footing in St. James’s Park. 1777 [see Chummage 2]. 1833 Marryat P. Simple vii, ‘ Hand out my footing ! What does he mean ? ’ ‘ He means that you must fork out a seven-shilling bit.’ 1862 Trollope Small Ho. at Allington ii, Mr. Crosbie. .had to pay half a crown for his footing to the haymakers. 10 . The action of putting a foot to anything. 1805 W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. III. 65 Weaving, footing, and grafting silk stockings, .aremostly performed by women. 1882 Caulfeild & Saward Diet. Needlework, Footing, a term employed in the knitting of stockings. 11 . concr. That with which something is ‘ footed a. Material used to ‘ foot ’ boots, stockings, etc. 1591 Percivall Sp. Diet., Cabc^ado, new footings of bootes. 1707 J. Stevens Qicevedo s Com. Wks. (1709) 222 It waits to be converted into Footing for Stockings. + b. =Foot sb. 10. 1659 Torriano, Fusto, the shank, the supporter, the stalk or footing of any thing. c. Lace . (See quot. 1882.) 1692 Loud. Gaz. No. 2733/4 One .. Petticoat, having 3 black Fringes, with Footings. 1697 Ibid. No. 3250/4, 3 yards of Silver Lace and Footing. 1869 Mrs. Palliser Lace xix. 215 Chateau-Renaud and Mezieres were chiefly employed in the manufacture of footings. 1882 Caulfeild & Saward Diet. Needlework, Footing .. is used, .to distin¬ guish the edge of the Lace that is sewn to the dress from the scalloped and unattached edge. The Footing is sometimes worked with the rest of the design, and at others as a separate narrow lace, being then sewn on to the main part. d. A piece of hard wood dovetailed on to the pile-end of an arrow. 1856 H. A. Ford Archery v. 30 For footing, any hard wood will do : and if this be solid for one inch below the FOOTINGLY. 407 FOOT-PACE. pile, it will be amply sufficient. 1887 W. Butt Ford's Archery iii. 37 Great care should be taken .. that the foot¬ ing exactly fits the pile, so as to fill entirely the inside of it. e. Printing , etc. (See quots.) 1676 Moxon Print. Lett. 7 The Footing is the small Arches the Letter stands on, as the Arches upon the feet of Letter A is the Footing of that Letter. 1683 — Meek. Exerc. 11 . 126 The Footing, is the straight fine Stroak or Stroaks that lie in the Foot-Line of Letters. 12 . Arch. A projecting course or courses at the base or foundation of a wall or other erection to give it security. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 255 All Walls ought to have a Basis, or Footing, at least 4 Inches on a side broader than the thickness of the Wall. 1838 Simms Pub. Whs. Gt. Brit. 25 The footings of the abutments will be 18 inches below the level. 1881 Young Every man his own mechanic § 23 He should get a bricklayer to show him..how to put in the footings of his wall. 13 . A place hollowed out or otherwise prepared for receiving the foot of a timber or the like. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 88 In the center of the house a slight footing was cut for the mast, suitable to a square of 18 inches. 14 . The action of adding up a column of figures, etc.; the result thus obtained, sum total. 1855 H. Clarke Diet., Footing. .reckoning..sum total. 1881 Chicago Times 4 June, The final footings of the debt of all cities .. of the United States .. were made last week. 1884 Haider's Mag. July 296/2 We could easily add twenty per cent, to the gross footings of the entire list. 15 . The action of collecting turf; also, the heaps so formed. Sc. and Irish dial. 1802 Findlater Agric. Peebles 209 The peats.. are placed on end three or four together, and leaning against each other; this is called footing the peats. 1825 Jamieson, Fittings, turfs set on edge. 1841 S. C. Hall Ireland ( 1842) II. 263 note, 1 Footing', which means collecting the turf into parcels of about six each. 1880 Antrim <$• Down Gloss., Footins , small heaps of cut peat. 16 . IVhale-fishing. (See quot. 1858.) 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arct. Reg. IT. 402 The greasy animal matter called footje or footing. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, Footing , the finer detached fragments of the fenks, or refuse whale blubber, not wholly deprived of oil. 17 . attrib. and Comb., as footing-place ; footing- ale (see quots.) ; footing beam, f. dormant, the tie-beam of a roof; footing-time {dial.), the time when a woman rises from childbed. 1824 Craveti Dialect 75 * Footing-ale, liquor or money given by a person on entering a new employment. 1825 Jamieson, Fit tin-ale , an entertainment given by parents when they have a child that taks the fit or foot, i.e., begins to walk. 1842 Gwilt Encycl. Ay chit. Gloss., * Footing Beam, the name given, in some of the provinces, to the tie- beam of a roof. 1846 Buchanan Techn. Diet., * Footing Dor7nant in carpentry, a name for the tie-beam of a roof. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xii. § 74 The possession of the Citie of Vannes .. the English-men still kept, that .. they might haue some holde and certaine ^footing-place. 1674 Ray Y. <5- E. C. Words 66 * Footing time, Norf. is the same with upsetting time in Yorksh. when the Puerpera gets up. + Foo'tillgly, adv. Obs. rare ~ [f. footing ppl. adj. (f. Foot v.) + -ly -.] With (proper) use of the feet in dancing, trippingly. 1566 Dr ant Horace's Sat. 1. ix. 24 Or who can daunce so footinglye, Obseruing tune and time ? Footle fzi't’l), v. slang. [Of obscure origin: Cf. Footer sb.-'] intr. To talk or act foolishly, to trifle or ‘ potter’. Hence Footling ppl. a. Also Footle sb., twaddle, ‘rot’. Footle a., paltry, trifling. 1892 F. Anstey Voces Populi Ser. n. iii Now, really, Settee, do try not to footle like this ! 1894 Du Maurier Trilby I. 163 His palette in one hand, and his twiddling little footle pig’s-hair brush in the other. 1895 F. Anstey Lyre tuo j?ousend hors y wrye. 13 .. Coer de L. 5105 Off a footman a bowe he took, c 1450 Merlvi 113 [Thei]. .were well viij ml knyhtes. .and fotemen grete plente. 1598 Barret Theor. Warres iii. i. 40 Those battels, .being verie aduan- tagious for footmen against footmen. 1630 tr. Ca/pidc/i's Hist. Eliz. 1. 105 He put his footmen aboord the small vessels he had. 1798 Craig in Owen Wellesley's Desp. 601 A force of 10,000 horse, and as many footmen. 1864 Kingsley R0771. Teut. iii. (1875) 72 The knights., left the foot-men to finish the work. 1896 Times 22 Apr. 7/3 They were suddenly attacked by a body of 200 horsemen, supported by a large body of footmen. 13 . An attendant or foot-servant. In early use, a runner in attendance upon a rider of rank ; and, later, a servant who ran before his master’s carriage, called more fully a running-footman. Obs. c 1450 Bk. Curtasye 621 in Babees Bk. (1868) 320 Fote-men pat rennen by \>q brydels of ladys shene. 1552 Huloet, Fotemen for princes, or noble persons, circumpedes. 1612 W. Parices Curtanie-Dr. (1876) 27 He needs must ride, That had my Foot-man lackying by his side. 1718 Prior Abna 1. 58 Like Footmen running before Coaches, To tell the Inn what Lord approaches. 1791 Bee 13 July IV. 11 Coaches, .were [c. 1760] generally accompanied by running footmen, .whose assistance was often wanted to support the coach on each side, to prevent it from being overturned. 1818 Scott Br. La 7 ti 77 i. xxii, Two running footmen, dressed in white, with black jockey-caps, and long staffs in their hands, headed the train. 1856 N. s). [See Pace sbi] I . A walking pace. Chiefly in advb. phr. a foot¬ pace, at (or J* in) a foot-pace — at a walking pace. 1538 Eliot, Pedepressi77i, a foote pase, softly. 1562 J. Hey wood Prov. # Epigr. (1867) 149 The best lacketh feete, foote pace with vs to holde. 1607 Topsell Fourf Beasts { 1658) 315 Cause him every day to be led up and down a foot pace a quarter of an hour. 1637 Breton Poste w. packet Wks. (Grosart) 41/1 For your foot-pace, I thinke you haue sore heeles, you walke so nicely, as vpon egge- shels. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. v. (1686) 5 Being oblig’d . .to toil their Horses all day, over deep Fallows, in a foot¬ pace only, ifrio Sportbig Mag. XXXVI. 90 The child was FOOTPAD. 408 FOOTY. riding only a foot pace. 1859 Dickens T. Two Cities 1. ii. ‘ Come on at a footpace, d'ye mind me ? ' 2 . Something on which to tread or set the feet. + a. A carpet or mat. Obs. 1585 Nomenclator 249/2 Slorea. .a mat: a footepase of sedges. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xl. 160 A Chair of State .. and at the foot of it a Cushion of the same, all upon an exceeding large foot-pace of tapestry. 1706 in Phillips (ed. Kersey). b. A raised portion of a floor; a dais or plat¬ form ; e.g. the step or raised floor on which an altar stands. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Marche-pied, a foote- pace, a threshold, a groundsill. 1598 * n Mem. Stepney Parish 11890-1) 34 Item, that there be made about the communion table a raile w th a foote pace and mattes thereon to kneele vpon. 1612 Bacon Ess., Judicature (Arb.) 456 The place of Justice is an hallowed place ; and therefore not onely the bench, but the footepace and precincts and purprise thereof ought to bee preserued with¬ out scandall and corruption, a 1676 Whitelocke Mem. (1682) 609 At the upper end upon a Foot pace and Carpet, stood the Protector with a Chair of State behind him. a 1697 Aubrey Nat. Hist. Surrey (1719) V. i93 The Communion Table..[is] placed on a fine black and white Footpace. 1845 Ecclesiologist IV. 102 The footpace, or altar-platform. 1872 1 Shipley Gloss. Eccl. Terms , Footpace, .a raised flooring in a bay window. c. A hearth-stone. 1652 Gaule Magastrom. 181 The crickets chirping behind 1 the chimney stock; or creeping upon the foot-pace. 1703 | T. N. City «$• C. Purchaser 220 Some Pavements, (as in Foot- ; paces before Chimneys). 1840 Parker Gloss. Arcliit ., Foot¬ pace. This term is also sometimes used for the hearth¬ stone. d. A half landing on a staircase or flight of steps; also called half-pace. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 160 Foot-pace , is a part of a pair of Stairs .. where you make two or three paces before you ascend another step. 1842 Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss., Foot Pace or Half Pace. Footpad (firtpeed). Obs. exc. Hist. [See Pad.] A highwayman who robs on foot. 1683 Dryden & Lee Duke of Guise Ded., Though they assault us like footpads in the dark. 1789 Wolcott (P. Pindar) Subj. for Paint. Wks. 1812 II. 179 I’m no High¬ wayman. No, there you are right. A Footpad only. 1840 Dickens Barn. Fudge ii, Roads in the neighbourhood of the metropolis were infested by footpads or highwaymen. Hence Foo tpad v. y to play the footpad; Foot- padding vbl. sb. a.n&ppl. a\ Also Foo tpaddery, -padry (nonce-wd.) y the occupation of a foot-pad. 1735 in W. C. Sydney Eng. 18 th C. (1891) II. 282 Five condemned malefactors were executed at Tyburn, viz. Kifife and Wilson for footpadding [etc.]. 1790 Burns Let. to Cunningham 13 Feb., A glass of whisky-toddy with a ruby-nosed yoke-fellow of a foot-padding exciseman, i860 Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. Ill.ciii. 7 From foot-padding upwards, it is always desirable to get at the principle. 1861 Ibid. III. clxxviii. 215 High way manhood and foot-padry. 1874 W. C. Smith Borland Hall 152 I’d sooner footpad it, and steal and rob. 1889 Doyle Micah Clarke xxiii, They did not, as a rule, descend to footpaddery or robbery. Foot-path, footpath (fu tpo». 1 . A path for foot-passengers only. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 141 Lyke as the fote path or waye ledeth to the cite. 1605 Shaks. Lear iv. i. 58 Glon. Know’st thou the way to Douer? Edg. Both style, and gate ; Horseway, and foot-path. 1786 Burns Brigs of Ayr 100 Your poor, narrow foot-path of a street. 1842 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. I. 156 A foot-path about half-a-yard wide .. cuts across the bit of green field. fig. 1535 Coverdale Ps. cxviii. [cxix.] 15, I wil .. haue respecte vnto thy fotepathes. f 2 . ? A pedestal. Obs. 3580 Eccl. Proc.Bp . Barnes (Surtees) 128 There remaneth in the quere certayne corbile stones which were some time fotte pathes for images. 3 . attrib. 1611 Shaks. Wint. T. iv. iii. 132 Jog-on, Jog-on, the foot¬ path way, And merrily hent the Stile-a. 1892 Daily Neius 15 Feb. 5/1 The National Footpath Preservation Society. Hence Foo tpath, v. trails. , to make a footpath or footpaths across. 1844 Mrs. Browning Drama of Exile Poet. Wks. 1889 I. 81 This shall.. Turn back your rivers, footpath all your seas. Footprint (ftrtprint). The print or impression left by the foot; spec, in Geol. a fossilized one. 1552 Huloet, Fote prynte, or the printe of the fot z,peda. 1623 Cockerami, Traces, the feet-print of rauening beasts. 1850 Lyell 2 nd Visit 17 .S. II. 304 Certain fossil foot-prints of a reptile said to have been found in strata of the ancient coal-formation. 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Man. 115 The typical case is the sacred footprint of Ceylon. 1888 Burgon Lives 12 Gd. Men II. v. 25 Their footprints in yesterday’s snow were all still there. fig. 1674 Playford Skill Mus. 1. xi. 38 Of which I do intend in this my Discourse to leave some foot prints. 1839 Longf. Psalm of Life vii, Leave behind us Foot-prints on the sands of time. Hence Foo t-print v. trans ., to mark with foot¬ prints. 1850 Mrs. Browning Poems I. 201 Pavement fair, The antique wood-nymphs scarce would dare To footprint o’er. + Foot-rid. Obs. [Of doubtful origin ; perh. f. Foot sb. + rid f. Rid v . Cf. Footrill.] (See quot.) 1665 Dudley Mctallum Martis (1854) 27 Where the Coles is deep and but little Earth upon the measures of Coles, there the Colliers rid off the Earth, and dig the Coles under their feet; these Works are called Foot-rids. 1686 [see Foot¬ rill]. Footrill (fu-tril). Coal-mining. Also footrail, futteril. [Of unknown etymology: cf. prec.] (See quots.) 1686 Plot Staffiordsh. iii. 129 The open works .. where the Workmen rid off the earth, and dig the coal under their feet .. there being no need for these, of windless, roap, or carf, whence these sort of Coale-works are commonly call’d Foot-ridds or Footrills. 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining , Footrill, Futteril, and Footrail, the entrance to a mine by means of a level driven into a hill-side, or a dip road, up which coal is brought. 1885 Sheffield Daily Tel. 30 June, Four Shafts and a Footrill have been sunk to the Coal. + Foot-saunt. Obs. [f. Foot* sb. + sannt, Cent 2 .] App . = cent-foot (see Cent 2 ). The quots. for cent-foot seem to show that there was something about ‘ loving’ in the language used in the game, whence prob. the allusion below. 1579 Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 35 In our assemblies, at playes in London, you shall see suche heauing, and shoouing . .suche playing at foote Saunt without Cardes. Foo t-sole. The sole of the foot. 1612 Ainsworth Annot. Ps. lxxxix. 52 The oracle, Gen. 3. 15, that the serpent should bruise the footsole of the womans seed. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Taylor's Goose Wks. 105/2 The name of them [Soland geese] may well pro- ceede From the Dams foot-sole, whence they all do breede. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. II. iii. 16 A dreary road the weary foot-sole wears. Foot-sore (fivtsoai), a. and sb. A. adj. Sore as to the feet, having sore feet. 1719 De Foe Crusoe (L.), The heat of the ground made me footsore. 1814 Sfbrting Mag. XLIII. 83 He was extremely foot-sore. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. xix. 238 The dogs were, .no longer foot-sore, but well rested. B. sb. A complaint of the foot, nonce-use. 1874 Freeman in Stephens Life { 1895) II. 84 Some kind of foot-sore, rheumatic gout, I believe they call it. Hence Foo tsoreness. 1849 Southey Common-pl. Bk. Ser. 11. 646 Cure for Foot¬ soreness. 1884 Besant Childr. Gibcon xvii, Weariness I complain not of, and footsoreness is my righteous punish¬ ment. Footstalk (ftrtstpk). [f. Foot sb. + Stalk.] A slender stem or support fitted into a foot or base. a. Bot. The stalk or petiole of a leaf; the peduncle of a flower. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 41 A footlyng or footstalcke such as chyries grow on. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 11. xl. § 3 The flowers do growe betweene the footestalkes of those leaues. 1640 Parkinson Theat. Bot. 1114 The flowers come forth at the joynts upon long footstalkes. 1775 Romans Hist. Florida 27 Laurel, with .. blue berries sitting on long foot¬ stalks. 1849 Dana Geol. App. i. 716 The footstalk into which the frond tapers is very long. b. Zool. A process resembling the petiole of a plant; e.g. the muscular attachment of a barnacle, the stalk of a crinoid, etc. 1826 Kirby & Sp. Enfomol. IV. xliv. 214 Each egg is furnished with a footstalk terminating in a bulb. 1849 H. Miller Footpr. Creat. iii. 30 The scale-like shagreen of the dog-fish is elevated over it on an osseous pedicle or foot¬ stalk. 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. v. (1878) no In some of the crabs the footstalk for the eye remains, though the eye is gone. c. gen. 1831 Brewster Nat. Magic viii. (1833) 194 A tumbler- glass with a footstalk. 1871 L. Stephen Playgr. Eur. v. 122 Huge blocks [of ice] balanced on narrow footstalks. Hence Foot-stalked a. y attached by a footstalk. 1849-52 Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 1185/1 [Tunicata] sessile or foot-stalked on the rock. Footstall (fu*t|Stpl). [f. Foot sb. + Stall jA] 1 . The base or pedestal of a pillar, statue, etc. 1585 Higgins Nomenclator 203 Stylobata. .The foote stal of a piller. 1626 Ainsworth Annot. Pentat. Lev. i. 15 The Priest went up on the footstall (of the Altar). 1635 J. Hay¬ ward tr. BiondPs Ban. Virgin 19 His shield, .rested on the footestall of the statue. 1886 Willis & Clark Cambridge II. 140 The bases and footstalls shewed that the whole of the piers stood on this lower level. 2 . ‘A woman’s stirrup* (J.). Footstep (firtstep). [See Step.] 1 . A step or tread of the foot; a foot-fall. I 535 Coverdale Ps. xvi[i]. 5 Ordre thou my goynges in thy pathes, that my fote steppes slippe not. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. xi, What marks were there of any other footsteps? 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italia7i ix, Wherever I go I hear only the echoes of my own footsteps. 1816 J. Wilson City of Plague 1. iii, Methought I heard a footstep in the church. b. The distance traversed by the foot in stepping, taken as a measure of length or area. 1796 Stedman Surinam I. vii. 142 Not a foot-step of land could we find, where we might cook our salt provisions in safety. 1855 F. Locker Loud. Lyrics , Old Cradle vi, At most ’tis a footstep from cradle to coffin. 2 . The mark or print made by a foot. c 1220 Bestiary 7 Alle hise fet steppes After him he filled. £■1440 Promp. Parv. 174/2 Foote steppe, of a mann only, peda. 1611 Bible Bel # Dr. 20, I see the footsteps of men, women and children. 1735 Somerville Chase iii. 229 Trembling he views His Footsteps in the sand, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xvi. iii, I marched without hesitation or anxiety in the footsteps of my guide. b. fig., as to follow or walk in a person's foot- steps — to follow his example or guidance. 3549 Co7npl. Scot. xvii. 148 5 e ar obleist to follou the futsteppis of 3our predecessours in vertu. 1668 Denham Prudence Poems 147 Clear-sighted Reason Wisdoms Judg¬ ment leads, And Sense, her Vassal, in her footsteps treads. 1878 J. P. Hopps Jesus x. 37 To call upon his sorrowing disciples to be prepared to follow in his footsteps. + 3 . fig. A vestige or trace; a mark, token, or indication left by anything whether material or immaterial. Obs. 1587 Golding De Mo?way v. 59 All these are traces, foot¬ steps, and images. .of that high misterie. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. 2 As touching their cruelty, I find no footsteps in story. 1650 Bui.wer Anthropomet. 141 In the part of the Tooth cut off, there appeared the footsteps of a Nerve. 1662 J. Chandler Van Helmont's Oriat. 80 There is no foot-step, for the most part, of mooved Air to be perceived. 1670 Milton Hist. Eng. 1. 3 Relations .. accounted fabulous have bin after found to contain in them many foot-steps and reliques of something true. 1699 Bentley Phal. 211 There are plain and visible footsteps, that he has stole it. 1756 J. Warton Ess. Pope (1806) I. 21 Those who have examined the New Forest can discover no mark or footstep of any other place of habitation, .than what at present remains. 1785 Paley Mor. Philos. (1818) II. 86 We find no footsteps of any distinction of days which [etc.]. + 4. A foot-path, footway. Obs. 1620 J. Wilkinson CourtLeet 119 High-waies or foot steps stopped up. 5. A step or raised structure on which to set the foot in order to ascend or descend, f In Fortif — fool-bank (see Foot sb. 35). 1549 Latimer 6 th Serm. bcf. Edw. VI (Arb.) 166 It is the fotesteppes of the ladder of heauen. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iv. x. 205 At the footestep of the Altar. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Foot-bank or Foot-step (in Fortif.). 1806 Wordsw. (1st line of Sonnet), Methought I saw the foot¬ steps of a throne. 1815 Jane Austen Emma I. 184 She crossed the low hedge, and tottering footstep which ended the narrow slippery path. + b. A treadle for working a machine (obs.). c. Printing (see quot. 1SS8). d. A bearing to sustain the foot of a vertical shaft or spindle. 1678 Phil. Trans. XII. 1007 The Footsteps or Treddles differ in nothing from those which are usually made use of. 1683 Moxon Mech. Exerc. II. 72 [Printing] The Foot Step is an Inch-Board about a Foot broad, and sixteen Inches long. 1855 Ogilvie Suppl., Footstep , In mech., the pillow in which the foot-of an upright or vertical shaft works. 1888 Jacobi Printer s Voc., Footstep , the inclined footstool the pressman puts his foot on when pulling the bar over. Hence + Foo-tstepping vbl. sb. = Footstep 3 . 1622 Cooke Pope Joan in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) IV. 56 You must bring better proof than this, that you find no foot-stepping of it in the answers made unto them. Footstool (fu*tstz7l). 1. A stool upon which to rest the foot or feet. I 53° Palsgr. 222/2 Fote stole, marchepicd. C161X Chap¬ man Iliad xiv. 201 A footstool for the ease Of thy soft feet. 1725 Pope Odyss. xvii. 271 With many a footstool thund’ring at thy head. 1849 James Woodman ii, There she sat with her feet on a footstool. b. fig. 1535 Coverdale Ps. cix. [cx.] i Syt thou on my right hande, vntill I make thine enemies thy fotestole. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, v. vii. 14. 1668 H. More Div. Dial. iv. xxvi. (1713) 363 The Popes have as well made Foot-balls of the Crowns of Emperours as Foot-stools of their Necks. i860 Farrar Orig. Lang. iv. 86 A nobler destiny than to become the footstool of a few families. c. US. colloq. The earth. (Cf. Isaiah lxvi. 1 .) 1891 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 12 Sept. 5/1, I found Mauchline to be the most God-forsaken place on the footstool. + 2. A stool to step upon, in order to climb to a higher position. Also fig. b. (See quot. 1611 .) 3599 Minsheu, A Foot-stoole to lift a woman to horse, vide Andilla. 1611 Cotgr., Suppied d'orgues , the foot- stoole, or pedalls to a paire of Organs. 3642 Fuller Holy He Prof. St. v. xv. 418 He..by making a foot-stool of his friends head, climbs up the higher into the Princes favour. 1702 Rowe Tamerl. 11. ii. 697, I would have taught thy neck to know my Weight And mounted from that Footstool to my Saddle. Hence Foo’tstooled ppl. a. y provided with a foot¬ stool. 1791 Cowper Odyss. 1. 163 Leading her toward a foot- stool’d throne. 3856 Dobell Eng. in Tbne War, Grass fr. Battlefield, My shoe, soft footstooled on this hearth. Footway (fu*tw£t). [f. Foot sb. + Way.] 1. A way or path for foot-passengers only. 3526 [See Foot-path i]. 1532-3 Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 5 Any common high way, cartway, horseway, or foteway. 1712 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 474 In the Foot Way from South Hinksey to Foxcomb. 3776 G. Semple Buildmg in Water 17 Each of the Foot-ways is. .raised about a Foot above the Carriage-way. 1879 C. Geikie Christ li. 600 A footway ran from Gethsemane over the top of Olivet. 2. Mining. (See quots.) 3778 Pryce Min. Comub., Footway, .in deep Mines they have old Shafts with ladders in them .. by means of which they descend into the Mines; whence this is stiled the Foot¬ way; and those Shafts, when applicable to no other use, Footway Shafts. 3869 R. B. Smyth Goldfi Victoria 611. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., Foot-way, the series of ladders and sollars by which men enter or leave a mine. Footy (f«'ti), a. 1 dial, and colloq. [var. of Foughty.] Paltry, poor, mean, worthless; little and insignificant. 1752 W. Dodd Beauties Shaks. I. Pref. 7 Many a critic . .has. .foisted in some footy emendation of his own. 1833 Marry at P. Simple xxxiii, It would be a very pretty bit of practice to the ship’s company to take her out from under that footy battery. 1873 Miss Braddon Sir. S Pilgr. m. iv. 260 You could not possibly be married from that footy little house in the Boroughbridge-road. 1890 R. Kipling Phant. 'Rickshaw 85 They fires a footy little arrow at us. Footy (fu-ti), a.'± [f. Foot sb. + V 1 .] Having foots or dregs (see Foot sb. 22). 1864 in Webster. FOOZLE. 409 FOR. Foozle (f«-z*l), sb. [Connected with next vb.; the exact relation of the two words is uncertain.] 1 . One who is ‘behind the times’, a fogy. (See also quot. 1889.) i860 Thackeray Round. Papers, Chalk-mark 115 Have we not almost all learnt these expressions of old foozles ? 1889 Barr^re & Lkland Slang, Foozle (American), a man who is easily humbugged, a fool. 2 . Coif, [from the vb.] A ‘foozling’ stroke. 1890 Hutchinson Golf (Badm. Libr.) 124 On the very rare occasions on which he made a foozle. 1891 A. Lang in Longm. Mag. Apr. 688 A ‘carry’ of a quarter of a mile would be a mere ‘ foozle ’ to him. Foozle (f/ 7 'z’l), v. [Cf. Ger. dial, fnseln, variously meaning ‘ to work hurriedly and badly ‘to work slowly’ (Grimm 1 ).] 1 . inlr. To waste one’s time, to fool. 1857 [see Foozling ppl. a.]. 1893 in Stand. Diet. 2 . trails. To do clumsily, ‘ make a mess of’; to bungle (a stroke, etc.). Golf and slang. Also absol. 1892 Daily News 14 Jan. 5/1 You ‘ will' your opponent to foozle his tee shot. 1894 Ibid. 18 Oct. 5/1 Had he taken to golf, he .. might be living and foozling yet. 1894 Field 9 June 816/1, I have seen a man, a practised shot, foozle all his overhead rocketers with 30 in. barrels. Hence Foo zling - ppl. a., in quot. foolish, ‘ fool¬ ing ’. Also Foo'zler, one who foozles, a bungler. 1857 Hughes Tom Brown it. iii. (1871) 264 Let’s .. have no more of his foozling bird's nesting. 1896 Clarion 1 Feb. 40/5 A person who ‘ mulls ’ his stroke is said to be a ‘ foozler ’. Fop (f/?p\ sb. Also 5 -7 fopp(e. [Connected with next. For the development of sense cf. F .fat, orig. ‘ fool’ (L .fatuus), now ‘fop, coxcomb’.] + 1- A foolish person, a fool. Obs. c 1440 Promp. Pan’. 170 b Foppe, supra, idem quod folet. c 1450 Cov. Myst. 295 Spek man, spek 1 spek, thon fop ! c 159° Greene Fr. Bacon vii. no To bring us such a fop for Henry’s son. a 1716 South Serm. Prov. xxii. 6 (i737>V. 10 A blessed improvement doubtless, and such as the fops our an¬ cestors (as some use to call themjwere never acquaintedwith. + b. Applied to a girl. Obs. 1714 C. Johnson Country Lasses 1. i, Cousin, thou art a very wild fop. + 2 . A conceited person, a pretender to wit, wisdom, or accomplishments; a coxcomb, 1 prig ’. Obs. 1755 Young Centaur vi. Wks. 1757 IV. 253 These moral fops, ridiculously good. 1805 Med. Jml. XIV. 440 This serious charge, brought by the excellent physician of Per- gamos against The medical fops of his age. 3 . One who is foolishly attentive to and vain of his appearance, dress, or manners; a dandy, an ex¬ quisite. 1672-6 [see 4]. 1681 Otway Soldier s Fort. n. i. Wks. 1728 I. 353 Some taudry fluttering fop or another. 1710 Palmer Proverbs 193 A multitude of fops who love to have their persons admir’d. 1826 Disraeli Viv. Grey v. vi. His tightened waist, his stiff stock [etc.], .denoted the mili¬ tary fop. 1876 Miss Braddon J. Haggard's Dan. II. 71 The days of Charles II, when poets were fops and courtiers. 4 . attrib. and Comb., chiefly attributive, as fop- call, -gravity, -maker, -neighbour,-picture ; flops’ alley, ‘ a passage up the centre of the pit in the old Opera House where dandies congregated ’ (Davies); +fop-eorner, a resort of fops; + fop- road, the habits and practices of a fop. 1782 Miss Burney Cecilia n. iv, Sir Robert Floyer .. sauntering down "fop’s alley, stationed himself by her side. 1820 Byron Let. to Murray 12 Nov., He. .took his station in Fops’ Alley. 1676 Etheredge Man of Mode iv. i. Wks. (18S8) 329 A fiddle in this town is a kind of "fop-call. 1673 Dryden Marr. a la Mode Prol. 3 "Fop-corner now is free from civil war. 1672 — Assignation iv. iii, Now do I even long to abuse that "fop-gravity again. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones 1. xi, The captain owed nothing to any of these “fop- makers in his dress. 1793 Wolcott(P. Pindar) Pindariana Wks. 1812 IV. 183 Our "fop-neighbours see things with strange eyes. 1698 Def. Dram. Poetry 82 In all the Stage "Fop- pictures, the Play-house bids so fair for mending that Fool too, that [etc.]. 1677 Mrs. Behn Town Fop v. 66 And so put you quite out of *Fopp Road. t Pop, v. Obs. Also 7 phop. [Of uncertain origin; sense 2 agrees with Ger. foppen to hoax (see Fob v.). The precise relation between the vb. and sb. is uncertain ; the sb. appears earlier.] t 1 . intr. To act like a fool; to play the fool. a 1 529 Skelton Replyc. 120 Whan ye .. in the pulpete hopped And folysshly there topped. 2 . trans. =FoB£'. 1 a. To make a fool of, cheat, dupe. Also to cheat into , out of. b. To fop off : = 4 to fob off\ 1602 Hering tr. Oberndorjf's Anat. True Physit. 41 When he expected his present payment, he phopped him thus. 1604 Shaks. Oth. iv. ii. 197, I. begin to finde my selfe fopt in it. 1605 Lond. Prodigal 1. i, Doth hee thinke to fop of his posteritie with Paradoxes. 1690 Crowne Eng. Friar v. Dram. Wks. 1874 IV. 107 I’ll comfort myself by fopping Ranter into marriage. 1694 — Regulus v. ibid. 211 We are all topp’d here, topp’d out of our lives. tFopdoodle. Obs. [f. Fop sb. + Doodle.] A fop, fool, or simpleton. 16..in Ashru. MS. xxxviii. 145 b, Bee blith jFopdoudells. 1664 Butler Hud. 11. iii. 998 Where sturdy Butchers broke your Noddle, And handl’d you like a Fop-doodle. t Fo'pical, a. Obs.—° [f. Fop sb. + -ic + -al.] Befitting a fop. Hence t Fo picalness. 1660 Fisher Rusticks Alarm Wks. (1679) 373 To see and feel the fopptcalness thereof. VOL. IV. Fopling (fc-plir)). Also 7-8 foplin, foppling. [dim. of Fop sb.: see -ling.] A petty fop. *684 J. Lacy Sir II. Buffoon n. ii, A fop is the fruit of a foplin, as a Wit is the kernel of a witlin. 1726 Amherst Terrs Fit. xlvi. 247 Many of these transitory foplings .. came to the university, .in linsey-wolsey coats. 1807-8 W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 215 When the foplings of fashion bedazzle my sight. 1885 Miss Braddon Wy llards Weird II. 204 The race of languid foplings. attrib. 1714 Philips in Steele's Poet. Misc. 36 Some Love¬ sick Foplin Rhyme. + Foppasty. Obs. rare. ?= Foppotee. 1611 Chapman May Day iv. 70 True, and how the foppasty his Lieftenant, stept in to perswade with her. t Fo’pper. Obs. [?f. Fop v. + -erI ; cf. Ger. fopper, hoaxer, quizzer.] 1. =Fop sb. 1 . 1598 Florio, Tentennone .. a fopper, a fool. 2. ? A hoaxer, a buffoon. 1659 Torriano, Fiappatore , a flapper, a fopper. 1719 D’Urfey Pills V. 349 Kept Foppers. .Pit-Plyers be still. So Fopperislmess, foolishness; fFopperly a., silly, foolish. 1599 Nashe Lenten Stuffe 41 Their fopperly god is not so good as a red herring. 1683 Tryon Way to Health Pref., The fopperishness of those things I speak against. Foppery (fp-peri). [f. Fop sb. and v. + -ery ; cf. Ger. fopperci, Du. fopperij', hoaxing.] + 1. Foolishness, imbecility, stupidity, folly. Obs. 1592 Greene Dispnt. 25 He. .was fauoured by the foolish sect for his foppery. 1681 R. Knox Hist. Ceylon Pref., The Foppery of their Priests Religious Opinions and Practices. 1711 E. Ward Vulg. Brit. 11. 136 They're fix'd Enemies to Pop’ry, As well as to Fanatick Fop’ry. t b. A foolish action, practice, idea, statement, etc.; a folly, an absurdity; concr. something fool¬ ishly esteemed or venerated. Obs. 1546 Bale Eng. Votaries 1. Pref. 7 With hys myters and mastryes, wyth his fannoms and fopperyes. 1563-87 Foxe A. <5- M. (1684) III. 375 He foresook his former studying of the School Doctors, and other such fopperies. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vi. xxiii. (1632) 139 Holding it a foppery to write of those, of whose fauour or wrath the Inditers stood in hope or feare. 1718 Rowe tr. Lucan Notes 47 Thank God, the Foppery of Pilgrimages is out of Fashion in England. 1758 Jortin Erasm. I. 170/1 Colet was out of patience to see those silly fopperies [reliques]. 2. The behaviour or manner characteristic of a fop; silly affectation of elegance; coxcombry, dandyism; an instance of this. 1697 Potter Antiq. Greece 1. xxvi. (1715) 181 Soldiers shall not observe the punctilios of Spruceness and Foppery. 1753 Hume Ess. <$* Treat. (1777) 1 .135 Modern politeness., runs often into affectation and foppery. 1808 Syd. Smith Wks. (1867) I. 106 The abominable military foppery of our own people. 1822 Lamb Elia Ser. 11. Detached Th. on Bks., A Shakespeare, or a Milton (unless the first editions'*, it were mere foppery to trick out in gay apparel. 1851 Helps Comp. Solit. vi. (1874) 101 Too intent upon the fopperies of religion. b. concr. in pi. or collect, sing. Foppish finery. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 45 IP 1 An act..for prohibiting the importation of French Fopperies, a 1763 Shenstone Progr. Taste 1. 116 And, as my satire bursts amain, See, feather’d foppery strew the plain. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge x, His riding-gear, though free from such fopperies as were then in vogue, was. .well-chosen. + Po’ppet. Obs .— 1 [dim. of Fop sb.: see -et.] A petty fop ; in quot. applied to a woman. 1605 King Leir in Six old Plays (1779) 402 These foppets ..know not whether to love a man or no. Foppish (fc-pij), a - V- Fop sb - + " ISH -] +1. Resembling or befitting a 4 fop ’ or fool; foolish, silly. Obs. 1605 Shaks. Lean. iv. 184 Wisemen are growne foppish, And know not how their wits to weare. 1657 G. Starkey Helmonls Vind. Ep. to Rdr., I..oppose your Diaeticall prescriptions as foppish, a 1720 Sheffield (Dk. Buckhm.) Wks. (1753) I. 25 Your tale .. Of patient hopes, and dull delay, Love’s foppish part. 2. Resembling or befitting a fop or dandy. 1699 Evelyn Mem. (1857) H. 366 He was a vain, foppish young man. 1734 Fielding Intrig. Chambermaid 1. iv, Dotingly fond of everything that is fine and foppish. 1752 Hume Ess. «$• Treat. (1777) I. 137 We must, .condemn such instances .. as foppish and affected. 1836 Random Recoil. Ho. Lords xv. 366 There is nothing foppish in his dress. 1872 Baker Nile Tribu/.xvn.^o’j Bowing ina most foppish manner. Comb. 1863 Miss Braddon Eleanor's Viet. II. xix. 279 He was. .foppish-looking even in his travelling costume. Hence Fo'ppishly adv. ; Foppishness. 1611 CoTGR.,xW/.y£..absurditie, follie, foppishnesse. 1651 Biggs New Disp. P252 Whatever the schools foppishly prattle. 1742 Richardson Pamela IV. 338 That Foppish¬ ness of Dress and Appearance, which distinguishes the Petits- maitres. 1876 Saunders Lion in Path xvi, A young man foppishly dressed. 1886 J. K. Jerome Idle Thoughts 153 A little foppishness in a young man is good. I Fo pple, v. Obs. rare- 1 . 1756 J. Q. Adams Diary 15 Mar., Wks. 1850 II. 9 At one table sits Mr. Insipid, foppling and fluttering. t Foppotee. Obs. rare— 1 , [arbitrarily f. Fop sb. Cf. F oppasty.] A simpleton. 1663 Cowley Cutter Colman St. 11. v, Why does this little Foppotee laugh always? Fo-ppy, a. rare. [f. Fop sb. + -Y V] = Foppish. 1878 Masque Poets 188 And of all fops the foppiest was Saturn. Fopship (fy’pjip). [f. Fop sb. + -ship.] The personality of a fop or fool; in qnots. a mock title. 1680 Hickerincill Meroz 13, I give your fop-ship to understand. 1708 Motteux Rabelais v. xii. (1737) 50 We will innocentise your Fopship with a Wannion. t Fo pster. Obs. [? alteration of Fopper : see -STER.] App. a fool, simpleton. (Halliwell has ‘ popster, a cutpurse' with reference to Dekker ; prob. a misreading of /oyster, Foister.) 1607 W. S .Puritan 1. iv, Why, do but try the fopster, and break it to him bluntly. For (fj£i, fyi, f3i), prep, and conj. Also 2 fer, 3 south, vor, Orm. forr. [OE. for prep. = OFris., OS. for, QxO\f\.faur\ probably an apocopated form of OTeut. *fora Fore adv. and prep ., arising inde¬ pendently in the various langs. (cf. the origin of MITG. and mod. Ger. vor from OHG. ford ); it may however represent a parallel formation on the same stem with some other suffix. Another forma¬ tion on this stem appears in OS. fur , furi , OHG. furi (MHG. vur, mod.Ger. fur) prep., for, ON. fyre(r (Da. for, Sw .for) adv. and prep., before, for. The use of for as a conj. has not been found earlier than the I2thc. The older lang. supplied the place of the conj. by locutions in which for prep, governed a neuter demonstrative pronoun followed by a relative particle: for don de,for dy de, etc. (see For-thon, For-thy). The conjunc¬ tional use of for = for don de may be explained either as an extension of the functions of the prep, to govern a noun-sentence, or as an ellipsis. In OE. for and fore seem to have been used indiscrimi¬ nately as preps.; in ME. they were gradually differen¬ tiated.] A. prep. + I. = Before in various uses. Obs. (see Fore.) 1 . Of place, a. In front of; = Before 2, 2 b. Beowulf 358 (Gr.) He for eaxlum gestod Deniga frean. a 1000 Cerdmon's Gen. 2108 (Gr.) For j?£eseagum, J?e J>e sesca tir set gu|?e forgeaf! a 1300 Curso?‘ M. 10497 (Cott.) Sco sagh J?at angel for hir stand. 1601 Shaks. All's Well iv. iv. 3 For whose throne 'tis needfull. .to kneele. b. In the presence or sight of; = Before 3, 4. Beowulf 1649 (Gr.)pa wses. .on flet boren Grendles heafod . .egeslic for eorlum. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 113 Moni mon.. is erm for worlde and uniseli for gode. c. In asseveration; = Before 5. (Cf.Gr.7rp0?.) In later use replaced by Fore. £1230 Hali Meid. 25 For gode hit is wlateful J>ing for te J?enke f?ron. c 1380 Sir Femmb. 2564 My prayer ys now ido. For gode..so ys myn al-so. c.1420 Chron. Vilod. 838 }eysse for God, quod |?e kny3t, dede he was. d. Into the presence of. a 1000 Caedmon's Gen. 871 (Gr.) Ne dear nu forS gan for f>e andweardne. a 1300 Cursor M. 23933 (Gott.) Leuedi.. lede me wid \>e for ]>i sun. 2 . Of time ; = Before 7, 8 , 9. Tor lang : long ago. (Cf. ON .fyrer.) a 1000 Leg. Fnrsceus in Rel. Ant. I. 276 Ic wat }>one man on Criste, }?e waes ge-gripen nu for feowertyne gearum. c 1200 Ormin 3076 Itt vvass forr mani] da33 iEr ewidded Jmrrh pro¬ phetess. Ibid. 6996 Forrlange. a 122$ Auer. R. 22 Bute 3if hit beo holiniht vor )?e feste. a 1300 Cursor M. 10716 (Cott.) pe propheci Was said for lang of ysai. 3 . In preference to, above ; = Before ii. c 1000 Rood 93 (Gr.) He his modor .. for ealle menn geweorSode ofer eall wifa cynn. C1205 Lay. 13919 Ah for alle ure goden deore. .Woden hehde hsehste la^e. c 1300 Beket 721 The statutz of Clarendone ech bischop holde scholde ; And nameliche theo for alle other. 14.. Sir Beues 160 (MS. M.) Sir, blessud be ye for alle men ! 1486-1504 Let. in Denton Eng. in 15th Cent. (1888) Note D. 318 It is mor meritory to support.. yowre tenants rathere then a stronge man, the pore.. for a gentylman or a gentylmans man. II. Of representation, substitution or exchange. 4 . Representing, as representative of. * The member for — shire ’ now belongs rather to 13 c. a 1000 Guthlac 171 (Gr.) Sefor ealle spraec feonda mengu. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 952 An, for ham alle, Onswerede ant seide. 1414 Rolls of Parlt. IV. 22/2 Youre humble and trewe lieges that ben come for the Co[mmun]e of youre lond. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda s Conq. E. Ind. v. 14b, Their Xeque. .which was there for the king. 1842 Macaulay Ess. (1848) II. 187 The members for many coun¬ ties and large towns. 1843 Fraser s Mag. XXVIII. 334 Walker returned thanks for his lady. 1891 Law Times XCII. 124/2 Lord Palmerston and the Earl of Mayo, both Irish Peers, sat for English constituencies. b. In elliptical expressions, once for all, t for all. Cf. Ger. ein fur alleinal. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. 11. iii. iii Learne now, for all, That I [etc.]. 1820 J. S. Knowles Virginius 11. ii, Now, once for all, farewell! 1881 Bible (Revised) Hebr. vii. 27 For this he did once for all [1611: once], when he offered up himself. 5 . In place of, instead of. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. ii. 22 He gehyrde J?aet archelaus rixode on iudea-]?eode for Saene herodem. a 1300 Cursor M. 9972 (Cott.) Maria, .stondes vs for sceild and targe, Agains all ure wij?erwyns. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) vi. 19 He died.. and his broker regned for him. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 223 Some.. will saye.. Blacke Vellet, for blacke Veluet. 1611 Bible L uke xi. 11 Will he for a fish giue him a serpent? 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 1. 10 Bacchus and .. Ceres .. gave us Corn for Mast, for Water Wine. 1742 Young Nt. Th. 1. 14 ’Tis only change of pain .. Severer for severe. 1802 Mar. Edgeworth Moral T. (1S16) I. 248 She could not. .write.. the count had written all that was wanting for her. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 208 For the old test, .was substi¬ tuted a new test. 1895 Lake in Law Times XCIX. 468/2 They will employ somebody to do the business for them. 6. Of payment, purchase, sale, etc. = In exchange for: see Exchange sb. 1 g. 52 FOR. 410 a. Introducing the thing bought or sold, etc. : As the price of, or the penalty on account of. Also after verbs, e.g. Pay, q.v. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. v. 38 Eage for eage and toS for toc$. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 9 Nou^er gold ne seoluer ne moste gan for [?e. c 1200 Ormin Ded. 143, I shall hafenn forr min swinnc God laen. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1725) 1 .174 Men gaf fiueten schillynges for a goos or a heen. 1542 MS. Acc. Si. John's Hasp., Canterb., To Nycholes for the byllet for the schyr and hys costis xv s. 1789 Durnford & East Reports III. 467 The right of a seller to his goods, where he cannot receive payment for them. 1895 Bookman Oct. 17/2 The Due d’Aumale’s great work..for which some of us would gladly give all the novels ever written. b. In requital of. c. 1000 Ags. Ps. xxxiv. [xxxv]. 14 (Spelman) Aguldon me yfelu for godum. 1583 Holiband Campodi Fiorioj That she giue vs something for our paines. 1677 Plot Oxfordsh. 151 Being found to yield considerably better than most other wheat, viz. somtimes twenty for one. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 221 Describe we next the Nature of the Bees, Bestow’d by Jove for secret Services. 1818 M. G. Lewis Jrnl. IV. Ind. (1834) 209 A full punishment for all his mis¬ deeds. 1885 Bowen in Law Rep. 14 Q. Bench Div. 869 Counsel, .who should take nothing for their services. 1895 A. I. Shand Life Sir E. B. Hamley I. ii. 21 He was very soundly thrashed for his pains. III. 7 . In defence or support of; in favour of, on the side of. Opposed to against. Often pre- dicatively : see Be v. 23 c. c 1000 /Elfric Exod. xiv. 14 And Drihten fiht for eow. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 7 Heo sculen..bidden for heom. c 1380 Wyclif Set. Wks. III. 363 How shulde men f^te for a persone )?at f>ei witen not [etc.]? 1550 Crowley Epigr. 204 Where euerye man is for him selfe, And no manne for all. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado 11. i. 386 My Lord, I am for you, though it cost mee ten nights watchings. 1676 Hobbes Iliad Pref. (1686) 9 Homer indeed maketh some Gods for the Greeks and some for the Trojans. 1690 Locke Govt . 11. vi, Blinded contenders for monarchy. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 118 F 3 Take my Word for it she is no Fool. 1743 Bulkeley & Cummins Voy. S. Seas Ded. 8 The Right Honourable Persons who will one Day determine for or against us. 1795 Hist, in Ann. Reg. 82 Fortune declared at last for the convention. 1847-9 Helps Friends in C. Ser. 1. (1851) I. 177 You argue for it in vain. 1885 Cotton in Law Rep. 30 Ch. Div. 13,1 do not think that the cases.. carry out the proposition for which he has cited them. b. In exclamations, indicating the person, etc. favoured. 1664 Butler Hud. 11. ii. 604 Did ride .. Crying, hey, for our town through the burrough. 1835 Lytton Rienzi in. i, ‘ Hurrah for the knight of St. John ’ cried the mercenaries; * and hurrah for fair France and bold Germany !’ c. In honour of. Also To name a child for ( = after) a person (now only US.). 1800 H. Wells Const. Neville I. 7 Louisa .. had been named for the mother of Mr. Hayman. 1820 J. S. Knowles Virginius 1. i, Cheer for him, if you are Romans. 1826 W. P. Scargill Truth I. ii. 7 ‘What is the name to be? I think your mother’s was Matilda.’—‘ Yes, she was named for a great worthy, lady Matilda.’ 1863 Hawthorne Our Old Home (1864) 20 He had named his two children, one for Her Majesty and the other for Prince Albert. d. quasi-jA Fors and againsts: 1 pros and cons \ C1815 Jane Austen Pcrsuas. II. 185, I was privy to all the fors and againsts, I was the friend to whom he confided his hopes. 1892 Temple Bar Mag. Nov. 424 The fors and againsts. .so inextricably mixed. IV. Of purpose or destination. 8. With a view to; with the object or purpose of: as preparatory to. For company : see Com¬ pany 1 b. Beowulf 458 (Gr.) pu .. for arstafum usic sohtest. ciooo Ags. Gosp. John xi. 4 Nys peos untrumnys na for deaSe ac for godes wuldre. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 2889 For warnyng of frendes |?at lyefes. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Ay mon xxiv. 505,1 byleve that god hathe sente theym to vs for our savy nge. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. exxx. 159 The Englyshmen neuer departed fro their batayls for chasynge of any man. a 1654 Selden Table-T. (Arb.) 82 The individual person set apart for the service of such a Church. 1719 De Foe Crusoe i.vi, I left the iron crow in the wreck for next day. 1838THIRL- wall Greece III. xix. 95 [He] set sail., for the relief of Epi- damnus. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 615 A considerable number of prisoners were immediately selected for execution. 1887 L. Carroll Game of Logic ii. § 6. 50, I have been out for a walk. 1891 La7v Times XC. 283/1 An order was made . .for the payment of the balance to the plaintiff. b. For the purpose of being or becoming. C1489 Caxton Sonnes of Ay mon ix. 210 Berynge in theyr handes flowres and roses for a token. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, hi. 253 Whom to reserve for Husband of the Herd. 1741 tr. Fortunate Country Maid I. 13 He shall hear Reason; or, \Vaunds, I’ll go fora Soldier. 1852 Dickens Bleak Ho. vii, [Hel went for a soldier, and never came back. 1885 G. Allen Babylon xiv, I’m going to leave my place.. and go for a pupil-teacher. c. Conducive to. <*1553 Udall Royster D. 1. i. (Arb.) 12 To keepe the Queenes peace is more for his behoofe. 1664 Tillotson Wisd. being Relig. 31 It is for the general good of humane society, c 1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 128 The Bishop does not care to stay long in this place not being for his health. 1791 Boswell Johnson Advt., Such remarks as were greatly for the advantage of the work. 1843 Frasers Mag. XXVIII. 565 It is all for her good. d. For sale : to be sold. For rent (U.S.) = To let. 1884 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 6 Sept. Advt., Baltimore Ware¬ house for Rent. 1889 Century Mag. Aug. 590/2 The last time I saw it, it was for rent. 9 . In order to obtain. Also after verbs like ask, search , etc., or verbs implying motion, e.g. To go, send, etc .for : see the verbs. So, with mixture of 21 or 6, in(/ would not) for anything, for a great deal, for all the world, etc. c 1230 Halt Meid. 9 pat si 5 pat tu eauer dides te into swuch peowdom for worldliche wunne. c 1300 Havelok 788 Hauelok was war pat Grim swank sore For his mete, and he lay at hom. c 1450 Chester PI. (Shaks. Soc.) 11 Naye, Lorde, that will we not indeede Fornothinge treasspass unto thee. 1611 Bible Prov. xxviii. 21 For a piece of bread that man will transgresse. 1657 W. Rand tr. Gassendi's Life Peiresc 1. 25 He would not for any thing but be present at the Solemnity to behold the same. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 620 Weary Proteus .. Retir’d for Shelter to his wonted Caves. 1728 Young Love Fame 1. 50 What will not men attempt forsacred praise? 1806-7 J. Miseries Hum. Life (1826) v. xix, After having fee’d very high for places at Mrs. Siddons’s benefit. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 84 To bring a suit for this sum in the Court of King’s Bench. 1864 Holme Lee In Silver Age (1866) 403, I would not for the world hurt his feelings. 1883 Manch. Exam. 27 Nov. 5/5 The drawers.. struck work for an advance of wages. 1891 Newcastle Even. Chron. 29 Jan. 3/1 For two pins I'll throw the lamp at you. b. Of an amount staked or an object risked, e.g. to play for {a certain stake): see Play v. Also in a wager, in asseverations, and in a narrow escape for one's life, to try a man for his life. a 1225 Juliana 16 For mi lif quoS hire feder pe schal laSin his luue for pu schalt beon ibeaten [etc.]. <71553 Udall Royster D. 1. i. (Arb.) 12, I haue yond espied hym sadly comming, And in loue for twentie pounde, by hys glom- myng. * 59 ^ Shaks. Tam. Shr. in. i. 49 Now for my life the knaue doth court my loue. 1602 — Ham. in. iv. 24 Dead fora Ducate, dead. 1836 Southey in Q.Rey. LVII. 10 Major Beltran .. had a narrow escape for his life. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 223 Rose well, .had been tried for his life by Jeffreys. c. For {one’s) life : in order to save one’s life; also in hyperbolical use, as if one’s life depended on it, with one’s utmost efforts. Also in phrases like I cannot do it for the life of me, for my heart, soul, etc., where the sense is sometimes ‘ if it were to save my life \ etc., and sometimes 1 if I were to give my life *, etc. a 1250 Owl 4 ' Night. 1078 He ne mihte for his live Iseo pat man wip hire speke. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 52 He had never had the audacitie and boldnesse for his hart, to set one foote forward into Syria. 1596 Shaks. Tam. Shr. I. ii. 38, I. .could not get him for my heart to do it. 1603 — Meas. for M. iv. iii. 160, I dare not for my head fill my belly. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 85 r 1, I cannot for my Heart leave a Room, before I have studied [etc.]. 1786 Mackenzie Lounger No. 56. 197 A great many other things, .which I can’t do for the heart of me. a 1806 H. K. White in Life 4 ‘ Rem. (1825) 176 You can’t for the^ soul of you, learn how to frown. 1813 Byron Giaour 250 Away, away, for life he rides. 1831 L. E. Landon Romance 4- Reality (1848) 354 We must row for our lives. 1843 Blackw. Mag. LIV. 742, I could not resist a smile for the life of me. 1848 Dickens Dombey xix, Walter, for his life, would have hardly called her by her name. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 131 Charles fled for his life. 1887 Times 15 Apr. 9/6 Back ! for your lives ! d. To run, etc. for it: see It. 10 . Indicating the object to which the activity of the faculties or feelings is directed : frequent after vbs., as care, long, search, etc., sbs., as an eye, genius, talent, taste, desire, love, etc., or adjs., as eager, watchful , etc. (see those words); also in exclama¬ tions expressing expectancy or desire, Now for, Oh for. 1592 Shaks. Rom. 4- Jul. 11. ii. 159O fora Falknersvoice, To lure this Tassell gentle back againe. 1602 Marston Antonio’s Rev. v. i. Wks. 1856 I. 133 O for a fat leg of ewe mutton ! 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 300 Such a Zeal they have for flow’ry Sweets. 1709 Steele Tatlei• No. 30. IP 5 Now for Colonel Constant’s Epistle. 1834 Medwin Angler in IVales I. 37 Now fora cigar and Charters. 1842 Macaulay Lays, Virginia 102 Oh for the tents which in old time whitened the Sacred Hill ! 11 . Before an inf, usually for to, (Sc. till), indi¬ cating the object of an action; = ‘ in order (to) Now arch, or vulgar. Cf. Fr. pour, Ger. um zu. For for to in other connexions see Forto prep, and conj. a 1175 Cott. Hom. 221 Forte don him understonden. a 1200 Moral Ode 180 Ne brekep ne ure drihte hellegate for lesen hi of bende. c 1200 Ormin 1006 All pe33re lac wass swillc & swillc, Forr operr ping to tacnenn. c 1205 Lay. 13307 Ich am icumen pe pus nseh for muchelere neode for suggen pe tiSende. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 25 He bi gan to schake ys axe, for to smyte anon, c 1400 Lanfranc s Cirurg. 53 For to dense pe wounde use pe medicyn of mel roset. c 1485 Digby Myst. iv. 528 What can pou saye, Thy-self for till excuse? 1535 Coverdale Prov. xxviii. 20 He..maketh to moch haist for to be riche. 1578-1600 Scot. Poems 16th C. II. 162 For till obscure thy light. 1688 R. Holme Armoury II. 86/1 A Billet is a piece of Cleft Wood for to Burn. 1748 G. Washington Jrnl. 8 Apr., Writ. 1889 I. 6 You must ride round y° back of y° Mountain for to get below them. 1774 A. Adams in J. Q. Adams’ Fam. Lett. (1876) 41 Having only put off its present glory for to rise finally to a more happy state. b. Hence for to often occurs merely for to before an inf. Obs. in educated use. a 1225 Ancr. R. 54 pe eppel pact ich loke on is forbode me to etene, & nout forto biholden. c 1305 St. Swithin 14 in E. E. P. (1862] 43 Seint swythin .. swipe aung bigan Forto seruie ihesu crist. c 1340 Cursor M. 717 (Fairf.) Satanas.. po3t pat ioy for-til stynt. 1397 Rolls of Par It. III. 379/2 It was my menyng and my wenyng for to haue do the best for his persone and for his estate. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. exxvi. 152 The kyng of Englande.. wyst nat where for to passe the ryuer of Some, the which was large and depe. 1659 D. Pell Impr. Sea 328 note, Blustring winds, make the Seas for to rage and roar. 1674 tr. Scheffer’s Lapland FOR. 84 Birds, Beasts, Fishes, which it was unlawfull for to bring in at the foredoor. 12 . Indicating destination. Cf. Fr. pour. a. In order to arrive at; with the purpose of going to (a place). Formerly sometimes after go, journey, travel, etc. Now chiefly after verbs denoting the commencement of a journey, as to depart, start, sail, leave, or the act of directing movement, as to steer, make ; also after the pple. bound. Also predicatively : see Be 23 b. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon i. 36 She asked whi they were departed for the kynges courte. 1595 Shaks. John in. iii. 71 For England Cosen, goe. 1595 Drake Will in Wills Doctor’s Com. (Camden) 77 Her Majesties fleete nowe in service for the west Indyes. 1646 Markham Let. in 12 ih Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 2 [I am] most certainly informed that hee is at Newcastle and intends for France. 1660-1 Marvell Corr. Wks. 1872-5 II. 43 Mr. Mabbot is, shortly to goe for Ireland. 1704 Addison Italy Wks. 1804 V. 149 We sailed from hence directly for Genoa. 1706-7 Farquhar Beaux Strat. 11. i. Wks. (1742) 17 Are you for church this morning? 1719 De Foe Capt. Singleton xviii, We steered directly for the gulf. 1724 — Mem. Cavalier (1840) 285 We resolved for Newark. 1763 Wesley Jrnl. 20 Aug. (1827) III. 138 We concluded to try for Lam, though we knew not the way. 1791 ‘ G. Gambado’ Ann. Horsem. ix. (1809) 106 The curb broke, and he [a horse] ran straight on for the cliffs. 1820 Keats St. Agnes i, His frosted breath, .seem’d taking flight for heaven without a death. 1838 T hirlwall Greece II. 296 The Persian army was in full march for Athens. 1865 Kingsley Herew. (1S84) 251 They rowed away for Crowland. 1879 Church Spenser i. 9 Spenser was sixteen or seventeen when he left school for the University. 1883 Law Times Rep. XLIX. 332/2 The Clan Sinclair, .headed for the Margaret. 1885 Manch. Exam. 12 Mar. 4/6 Lord Reay left London yesterday for India. b. transf. of time. 1885 Truth 2 July 3/1 It was getting on for two before supper was served. c. Introducing the intended recipient, or the thing to which something is intended to belong, or in connexion with which it is to be used. 1411 Rolls of Parlt. III. 650/1 Certein Commune of Pas¬ ture .. whiche the said Lord .. claymes for hymself and his tenantz. 1551 Turner Herbal 1. F vb, Byrche. .is good to make .. twygges for baskettes. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1. xxi. 27 Were set up 2 faire pavillions, the one for him.. the other for the Ambassador. 1591 Shaks. Two Gent. 11. i. 131 Val. Madam, they are for you. 1636 Massinger Bashf. Lover v. i, Your bottles too, that I carry For your own tooth ? 1660 Act 12 Chas. II c. 4 Sched. s.v. Boxes, French boxes for Marmelade or Geliy. 1759 John¬ son Idler No. 42 r 2 The Idler holds the shield for virtue, as well as the glass for folly. 1835-6 Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 518/1 For this group of animals M. D’Haan has proposed the name of Asiphonoidia. 1839 Cath. Sinclair Holiday House xii. 281 He bought gowns for all the maids. _ 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 20 He had. .secured for himself a place in history. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 45 A fireproof chamber for the muniments. Ibid. A stone-vaulted kitchen, where dinner could be dressed for an army of guests. 13 . Of appointment, appropriation, or fitness, a. Following a vb., adj., or noun of quality, de¬ noting appointment, appropriation, fitness, etc. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) Prol. 2 Dethe withouten ende, the whiche was ordeyned for us. Ibid. v. 56 A manere of Wode . .the whiche is goode for manye dyverse Medicynes. c 1450 Cov. Myst. 318 We xal asay Yf the cros for the be mete. 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. IV, Introd. 9 Henry duke of Lan- castre. .a prince apt for a kyndom. 1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Communion Rubric, The vesture appoyncted for that ministracion. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda’s Conq. E. Did. ii. 5 To put himselfe in a readinesse for that voiage. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. iii. (1677) 62 Fitter for a large Inne than a Lady’s Chamber. 1722 De Foe Plague (1754) 9 Loaded with Baggage and fitted out for travelling. 1764 Foote Patron 11. Wks. 1799 I. 349 Robinson Crusoe is advertis’d for this evening. 1789 Blake Songs Innoc., Echoing Green iii, Many sisters and brothers. Like birds in their nest, Are ready for rest. 1815 Jane Austen Emma (1849) 3 1 Very fit for a wife, but not at all for a governess. 1838 Thirlwall Greece III. xxii. 247 Quite sufficient for his purpose. 1840 Ibid. VII. 283 Se- leucus, reflecting on Pithon's fate, augured that which was designed for himself. 1840 P. Parley's Ann. 54 What is a clock good for ? b. After adjs. or advs. qualified by too, enough, etc., the prep, is often equivalent to the infinitive combinations, ‘to admit of’, ‘to require, call for’, or the like. 1803-6 Wordsworth Ode , Int. Immortality, Thoughts that do often lie too deep for tears. 1832 Westm. Rev. XVII. 82 The passages, .are too frequent for quotation. Mod. The subject is quite important enough for separate treatment. c. Following a sb., or predicatively: = Ap¬ pointed or adapted for, proper or suitable for. \There is) nothing for it but: (there is) no way of meeting the case, no course open, but. c 1350 Will. Palerne 294 Clothed in comly closing for any kinges sone. i486 Bk. St. Albans D iij b, That hauke is for a Baron. 1583 Holiband Campo diFior 55, I will rather have him. He is for me. 1663 Pepys Diary 27 Apr., He is not for my family, he is grown so out of order and not to be ruled. 1669 Sturmy Mariner’s Mag. v. 64 Sea-Carriages are made less, as the Block-maker that makes them hath Rules for. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 297 p 6 By no means a match for his enemies. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) III. 198, I have nothing for it .. but matrimony. 1818 M. G. Lewis Jrnl. W. I?id. (1834) 250 The sheets, a term for various ropes. 1840 P. Parley's Ann. 55 Do you know it is time for school? 1845 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 4 The momen¬ tous questions which have interest only for noble minds. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 223 Lauderdale .. still con¬ tinued to be minister for Scotch affairs. 1850 Carlyle FOR. 411 FOR Lattcr-d. Pamph. i. 37, I fear she is not long for this world ! | 1874 Dasent Half a Life I. 196 There was nothing for it ! but to grin and bear it. 1885 Manch. Exam. 22 Sept. 5/3 The old law making hanging the inevitable penalty for murder. 1886 Ibid. 3 Nov. 3/1 The Quarterly for October. d. {It is) for a pa-son) to do something-, be¬ coming or permissible to, the duty or concern of. i6xx Bible Prov. xxxi. 4 It is not for kings to drinke wine. 1819 Cobbett Eng. Gram. xvii. § 193 It is for the guilty to live in fear. 1885 Bowen in Law Rep. 14 Q. B. Div. 872 It will be for the Rule Committee to alter the rule if [etc.]. 14 . Of result or effect; used after words like cause, ground, motive, reason , etc. (See the sbs.) 15 . Designating an amount to be received or paid; cf. 6. Also in Cricket scoring: With the result of (so many runs'), at the cost of (so many wickets). 1776 Trial of Nundocomar 23/2 Bollakey Doss drew a draught on Benares, .fora lack of rupees. 1857 Hughes Tom Brown n. viii., The Lord’s men were out by half-past twelve o’clock for ninety-eight runs. 1885 L'pool Daily Post 1 June 5/4 The University men were all out for 44. 1886 Stevenson Dr. Jckyll i. (ed. 2) 8 The signature was good for more than that. X887 A. Birrell Obiter Dicta Ser. n. 159 [ He] sent the author a bank-bill for^ 100. Mod. Put my name down for two guineas. {Comm) We have this day drawn on you for £ 100. {Cricket) The score stood at 150 for 6 wickets. V. Of advantage or disadvantage. 10 . With the purpose or result of benefiting or gratifying; as a service to. a 1000 Cynew. CVA/(Gollancz) 1423 lepaetfor worulde ^epo- lade. c XZ05 Lay. 62 past he peos someste word segge.. for his fader saule. a 1225 A ncr. R. 22 pe uormest viue [Psalmes] uor ou sulf & for alle pet ou god doS. 1340 Ayenb. 1 pin holy blod bet pou sseddest ane pe rod uor me and uor mankende. 1605 Shaks. Macb. in. i. 65 If’t be so For Banquo’s Issue haue I fil’d my Minde. 61630 Milton Passion 12 Dangers . .Which he for us did freely undergo. 1631 Gouge Gods Arrows v. Ded. 406 Leave me not to shift for my selfe. X674 tr. Scheffer's Lapland 118 If he sees convenient he may set up for himself. 1816 Byron Parisina iii, They only for each other breathe, b. ironically . 1740 Xmas Entertainm. ii. (1883-4) 12, I will swinge his Jacket for him. 1855 Smedley //. Coverdale liii, It would have been a mercy if I hadn’t broken some of his bones for him. 17 . As affecting the interests or condition of (a person or thing), whether for good or evil. Chiefly after adjs., sbs. of quality, or advbs. In early Eng. the dative was used in this sense without prep. Cf. Gr. and Lat. uses. x 537 Bible (Matthew) Ps. cxviii. [cxix]. 71 It is good for me that I haue bene iu trouble. 1632 J. Lee Short Sum. 7 Grain, butter, cheese, and such other commodities usefull for the life of man. 1883 Daily News 22 Sept. 4/6 This . .bodes ill for the peace of Europe. 1891 Sir A. Wills in Law Times XCI. 233/2 Things had .. begun to look badly for all concerned. 18 . Governing a sb. or pers. pron. followed by an infinitive, forming a construction equivalent to 1 that he, etc. may , might , should', etc. Originally, the prep, had the sense 13 or 16, the inf. being either the subject of the sentence or expressive of purpose ; but the use was early extended to include cases to which this analysis is inapplicable. In the is-i6th c. the L. use of the accus. and inf. was often imitated in Eng. : e. g. ‘ Be¬ hold how good .. it is, brethren to dwell together in unity ’ {Ps. cxxxiii. 1, Prayer-bk. version). 1508 Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. xxxii. Wks. (1876) 41 It is better for a synner to suffre trybulacyon. .in this lyfe..than to be eternally tourmented in hell. 1548 Hall Citron., Hen. V, (an. 7) 65 b, A tent of purple velvet for the counsailers to mete in. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanhedd's Conq. E. Ind. vi. 16 It was verye needefull and necessarye for him to take a Pilot. x6zi Brathwait Nat. Emboss. Ded. (1641) A ij, It is high time for the Satyrist to pen somthing which may [etc.]. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 219, I must forsake This Task; for others afterwards to take. X777 Watson Philip II (1839) 85 The [island] lay at so great a distance from Europe, as had made it almost impossible for the Christians to send assistance to the besieged. 1818 M. G. Lewis Jrnl. W. Ind. (1834) 220 For a man who had such good blood to part with it so wantonly was a shame. 1843 Frasers Mag. XXVIII. 713 What a condition for me to come to ! 1883 Law Times 20 Oct. 408/1 The new rules .. render it more difficult for a defence to be kept up. 1896 M. Field Attila 1. 19 When a girl becomes A woman, it is usual for her mother To speak to her of life, b. in exclamatory use. 1757 Foote Author 11. Wks. 1799 I. 156 For this low, lousy son of a shoemaker, to talk of families. VI. Of attributed or assumed character ; = as. 19 . In the character of, in the light of, as equi¬ valent to; esp. to introduce the complement after verbs of incomplete predication, e.g. to have, hold, etc. (see those verbs), where as or as being may generally be substituted. To beg {a person ) for a fool : see Beg v. 5 a. Beowulf 1175 (Gr.) pact pu for sunu wolde hererinc habban. c 1000 ^Elfric Dent. xxxi. 20 And tellap min wedd for naht. c 1200 Ormin 387 patt mann hemm hallt forr gode menn. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 142 pis word was for dom yholde. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B xv. 578 }it knewe pei cryst.. For a parfit prophete. c 1400 Laufranc's Cirurg. no per ben but .vj. boonys whanne pat pou rekenest os coronale for oon boon. a 1533 Ld. Berners IInon lxxxiv. 265 Know for trouth that . .god loueth fayth. a X553 Udall Royster D. in. iii. (Arb.) 44 He vaunteth him selfe for a man of prowesse greate. 1568 Grafton Citron., Hen. V, (an. 2) II. 446 The Englishe Ambassadours receyving this for aunswere, tooke their leave. 1644 Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 78 Celebrated in France for the best in the kingdom. 171X Addison Sped. No. 169 r 11 Ill-nature among ordinary Observers passes for Wit. 17x9 De Foe Crusoe 11. xi, You will be hanged for a pirate. X725 Watts Logic if. iii. § 1 We mistake his Blunders for Beauties. 1760 Foote Minor 1. Wks. 1799 I. 239, I wou’d engage to elude your penetration, when I am beau’d out for the baron. 1813 Byron Giaour 37 A grotto..That holds the pirate for a ^uest. 1818 M. G. Lewis Jrnl. IV. Ind. (1834) 40 That distance went for nothing. 1843 Fraser's Mag. XXVIII. 702, I know for a fact that a courier was waiting. 1845 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 5 Mere chrono¬ logy .. is often mistaken for history. 1883 Stevenson Silveratio Sq. (1886) 34 The pines look down upon the rest for underwood. b. So with an adjective, as in to take for granted, to leave for dead , etc. For certain, sure , + wiss, see those adjs. Also, with mixture of sense 8, as in the formula of the Marriage Service (quot. 1549) where the sense is ‘whether she prove better or worse ’, etc. c 1460 Fortescue Abs. *5- Lim. Mon. xi. (1885) 136, I holde it for vndouted, pat [etc.]. 1549 &k. Com. Prayer Matri¬ mony, I .. take thee .. to my wedded wife .. for better for worse. 1651 Baxter Inf. Bapt. 49 In the mean time I take it for granted. i68x Cotton Wond. Peak 69 At the bottom he was left for dead. X700 Dryden Pal. <5- Arc. iii. 704 He quivered with his feet, and lay for dead. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. vi. § 30 Admitted for morally certain. 1802 Mar. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. 208 L’s friends .. gave the man up for lost. 1854 Patmore Angel in Ho. 1. ix, I .. blamed the print for old. c. What is he, etc. for (a man, etc.) : what is (he) considered as (a man), i.e. what sort of a (man, etc.) is he ? (Cf. Ger. Was fiir ein ?) Obs. or dial. 1580 Spenser Sltcp. Cal. iv. 17 What is he for a Ladde you so lament ? 1623 Bingham Xenophon 136 When the Lacedemonians enquired, what Xenophon was for a man, he answered, that [etc.]. X657 W. Rand tr. Gassendi's Life Pciresc 11. 265 Consider, .how many, and what for Epistles he sent to this very City. 1708 Brit. Apollo No. 63. 3/2 What are you for a Lover, a 1757 Cibber Comical Lovers 1, What is she for a Woman? 1827 Scott Surg. Dan. x, ‘ What is that for a Zenobia?’ said Hartley. d. (/, etc.) for one : as one, as a unit in an aggre¬ gate. For one thing : used parenthetically when one out of several reasons, instances, etc., is mentioned. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 11. ix, Will you go.. ? I will go for one. 18.. Keble Lett. Spirit. Counsel { 1870) 176, I could say, for one thing, make your account beforehand with this trouble coming upon you. 1880 Scribner s Mag. XX. 356/1, I for one shall never do so. e. f or the first, second, etc. time : as a first, second, etc., instance. Cf. Fr. pour la premiere fois. 1730 A. Gordon Maffei's Amphith. 68 TheRomans were for the first time forbid such Games. 1788 Gibbon Decl. F Ixvi. VI. 431 note, He [Aldus] printed above sixty considerable works of Greek literature, almost all for the first time. 1818 M. G. Lewis Jrnl. IV. Ind. (1834) 177 There was a shower of rain for the first time since my arrival. 1863 Trafford World in Clt. III. 253 Is he a man likely to fall in love for a second time? 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 399 That they may converse with Socrates for the last time. f. For good {and all) : see Good. VII. Of the cause or reason. 20 . By reason of, under the influence of (a feel¬ ing or subjective condition). Beowulf 338 (Gr.) Wen ic, pact &e for wlenco, nalles for wraecsiSum ac for hige-prymmum HroSgar sohton. 611123 0 . E. Citron, an. 1101 For heoran agenan mycelan un- getryvvpan. £1175 Lamb. Horn. 17 He..3ef us seodSan ane muchele }ef for his* muchele eadmodnesse. 1297 R* l Glouc. (1724) 58 He by gan hym by penche, And hys wrappe toward pe kyng, for drede of pe erl, quenche. c 1380 1 Antecrist in Todd 3 Treat. Wyclif 152 How may pei seie for shame pat pei folowen Crist truly? c 1440 Jacob's Well 72 Boldere to synne for trust of pe mercy of god. 1580 Sidney Arcadia 11. xvi. 172 Like the poore childe, whose father, while he beates him, will make him beleeue it is for loue. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 305 Our men raised a shout for joy. 1802 Noble Wanderers II. 32 Arsaces, panting for rage, had already grasped his poniard. 1827 Southey Hist. Penins. War II. 776 They had, for pure wantonness, set fire to some of the houses. b. For fear of, that , etc.: see Fear sb. 3 b. 1847 Marryai Childr. N. Forest v, Take your guns too, for fear of accident. 21 . Because of, on account of: a. a person or persons. c 1000 /Elfric Gen. xx. 3 pu scealt sweltan nu Abimeleh for pam wife pe pu name, c 1205 Lay. 14458 pin hired pe hate 5 for me & ich aem iuasid for pe. 13.. K.Alis. 2318 Al Pierce for him sorwith, y-wis. 1382 Wyclif Ps. xxvi. 11 Dresse me in a ri^t path for myn enemys. 1549 Citron. Gr. Friars{ Camden) 62 Thecause was for them that rose in Essex. 1605 Shaks. Lear 11. iv. 55 Thou shalt have as many dolours for thy daughters. 1819 Cobbett Eng. Gram. xvii. § 196 When I see many its in a page, I always tremble for the writer. b. a thing. Also in for cause (see Cause sb. 6) and after such sbs. as charge, reputation, etc., and adjs. as sorry (see those words). Some adjs. for¬ merly construed with this prep, now take others; e. g. glad of c iooo/Elfric Exod. xviii. 9 pa waes Iethro blipe for ealluin pam godum pe Drihten dyde Israhela folce. r 1175 Lamb. Horn. 17 pine frond pu luuest for pam goddede pe he pe de< 5 . 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 113 Ac for 3oure coming ich am glad. 6:1380 Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 25 pei shulden not be aferd for perillis. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour D iij, The one is prowde for his scyence. 1631 Gouge God's A rrcnvs iv. xii. 390 Faith herein will make us thankfull for all manner of prosperity. 1704 Addison Italy Wks. 1804 V. 149 The gulf.. is. .remarkable for tempests. 1802 Mar. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. 225 A mother respected., for her feminine virtues. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 308 Notorious both for covetousness and for parsimony. IT In OE .for with the instrumental case of the neuter demonst. pron. formed advb. phrases = * therefore ’, which, with the addition or ellipsis of the relative de became conjunctional phrases = ‘because*. (For these phrases and their later representatives see For-thon, For-thy; cf, also For-why). Similarly, For that appears from I3thc. as a conjunction; and in the i6thc. there are a few examples of for this in the senses * therefore * and ‘ because ’. a 1553 Philpot Exam.fy Writ.{ 1842)352 If that he demand the reason why we do so, I will gladly satisfy his mind.. For this [orig. quia] we know surely those things, as they have written, to have come unto us uncorrupt. . Ibid. 396 For this [orig. igitur ], Florebell, thou hast a high bishop and ruler of the church such a one peradventure as thou soughtest not after. c. On account of one’s regard for. So in For the sake of (see Sake), used synonymously with for in this sense and in senses 7 and 8. a 1000 Caedmon's Gen. 2472 (Gr.)pa ic for god wille gemund* byrdan. ciooo Rood 113 (Gr.) Se pe for dryhtnes naman deacSes wolde. .onbyrigan. a 1200 Moral Ode 23 pe him solue for3et for wiue ne for childe. 6:1205 Lay. 13223 Ich bad hine for gode don pat child of hade. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. iii. 170 To be maried for monye mede hath a-sented. a 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 981, I leeue pe proloug for shortnes. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. x. 35 Lycoris. .for thy Rival tempts the raging Sea. 1697 Ken Evg. Hymn ii, Forgive me, Lord, for Thy dear Son. d. In adjurations = for the sake of. Also in exclamations, chiefly of pain or sorrow. a 1000 Boet/i. Metr. i. 128 He. .hi for Drihtne baed. .paet hi [etc.]. 6:1205 Lay. 57 Nu bidded La3amon alcne aeoele mon for pene almiten godd.. pet he [etc.], c 1325 Coer de L . 1782 Mercy, Richard, for Mary maid l 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. 11. 54 Ich fraynede hure faire po, for hym pat hure made. c 1460 Towtteley Myst. (Surtees) 210 Alas ! for my master.. That yester even.. Before Caiphas was broght. 1593 Shaks. Rich. II, v. ii. 75 Heauen for his mercy: what treachery is heere ? 1609 Bible (Douay) Joel i. 15 Crie ye to our Lord: A a a, for the day. 1741 Richardson Pamela I. 81 But I have not found it so, Alas for me. 1820 Byron Blues 11. 64 Lady Blueb. Oh fie ! Miss Lil. And for shame ! 1820 Keats Lamia 271 For pity do not melt ! 1844 Dickens Christmas Carol iii. 90 Alas for Tiny Tim. + e. For because', see Because A. i, B. i. Obs . 22 . Of an efficient or operative cause: In conse¬ quence of, by reason of, as the effect of. (Now chiefly after comparatives; otherwise usu. replaced by from, of, through .) Also in for want of : see Want. c 1205 Lay. 27818 pa eorSe gon beouien for pan vnimete blase. Ic 1370 Robt. K. Cicyle 55 Bettur he were..So to do then for hunger dye. c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 349 Scarioth was pe worse for beyng in pis holi cumpanye. c 1400 LanJrands Cirurg. 101 & pou fyndest a man havynge pe crampe for a wounde. 1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. xl. A a, For the grete hete of the sonne She hadde the febres or axes. 1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII, c. 11 For defaute of such issue to remaigne to oure Soveraigne Lorde. 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. IV, (an. 1), To die for thirst standyng in the river. 1578 Cooper Thesaurus s. v. Vetustas, He lacketh teeth for age. 1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. 11. 121 For the abundance of milk she [the cow] did give, the owner might eate butter. 1718 Bp. Hutchinson Witchcraft Ded. (1720) 11 Her chin and her knees meeting for Age. 1766 Goldsm. Vic . W. xxviii, In this very room a debtor of his..died for want. 1850 Lynch Tlteo. Triit. v. 84 Shall we be the brighter spirits for being the duller men ? 1887 A. Birrell Obiter Dicta Ser. 11. 103 They breathed the easier for the news. Mod. He is worse for liquor. This coat is worse for wear. 23 . Of a preventive cause or obstacle, a. In spite of, notwithstanding. Rare exc. in for all, any, with a sb.; also absol .for all that , etc. O.E. Chron. an. 1006 Ac for eallum pissum se here ferde swa he sylf wolde. 6:1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 1135 For al that heuer he mighte do, His menesoun might nowt staunche tho. 6*1386 Chaucer Doctors T. 129 This mayde shal be myn, for any man. c 1430 Syr Getter. 8058 Loue him she wold for ony drede. 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. V, (an. 4) 53 But for all that he could do, he lost almoste ccc of his fote- men. 1681 H. More Exp. Dan. iii. 68 This Alexander the Great for all his greatness died. 1794 Burns Fora* that i, The rank is but the guinea stamp; The man’s the gowd for a’ that. 1820 Keats St. Agnes i, The owl, for all his feathers, was a-cold. 1871 Rossetti Poems, Last Confess., I was a moody comrade to her then, For all the love I bore her. 1873 F. Hall Mod. English?, xv, For all that, I have contrived.. to give some thought to my mother-tongue. b. in conjunctional phrases: For all that, for all — notwithstanding (that), although. Now rare in literary use. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. clvi. 189 For all that the frenche kynge sende to hym to delyuer the same castels, yet he refused so to do. 1588 Marprel. Epist. (Arb.) 21, I tell you D. Stannop (for all you are so proude). 1682 Bunyan Holy War 24 [Conscience], .(for all he was now so debauched), did terrifie. .them sore. 1786 Mackenzie in Lounger No. 90 p 7 For all her feelings are so fine. 1841 L. Hunt Seer (1864) 40, I am not a very bad play-fellow.. for all I am so much bigger, a 1866 Keble Lett. Spirit. Counsel (187o) 185 For all she seemed so calm, she had often to bear up against the same kind of feelings. c. Indicating the presence or operation of an obstacle or hindrance. (Cf. ON. fyrer , Ger. fiir , vor.) In negative sentences; also after if it were not, were it not ; occas. = for fear of. + For to die for it = if I die for it. But for : see But C. 29. Beoiuulf 2549 (Gr.) Ne meahte horde neah unbyrnende amixe hwile deop gedygan for dracan lege, c 1000 Hllfric 52-2 FOR. FOR. Gen . xvi. io pset man hit ^erirnan ne mass for psere meniu. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 177 Hii mowe no}t vvel fie Vor feblesse of her brode. 1377 Langl. P. PL B. xv. 282 pat no man mi3te hym se for mosse and for leues. a 1430 Octouian 682 That wyf therst not say nay, For wordes ylle. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xii. 296, I shall never doo that, for to deye for it. a 1592 Greene AipJionsus (1861) 231 That you dare Not use your sword for staining of your hands. 1691 Ray Creationn^ Unhabitable for heat. 1744 Berkeley Let. to T. Prior 19 June Wks. 1871 IV. 298 Last night being unable to sleep for the heat. 1751 Affect. Narr. Wager 92 This was like, not seeing the Wood for Trees. 1810 Scott Lady of L.v. 858 Spare not for spoiling of thy steed. 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. vi. xliii, At times she could not stand for the beating of her heart. f d. As a precaution against, or simply, against: (to beware) of; (to hinder, keep, prevent) from. c 1330 R. Brunne Citron. (1810) 122 Sone after mydnyght . .In j?e snowe for syght scho 3ede out in hir smok. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. 11. 230 Freres..for knowyng of comeres coped hym as a frere. a 1400-50 Alexander 285 pat wald for hurte or for harme any hathill kepe. 1523 Fitzherb. Hush. § 51 Se that they .. holde his heed hye ynoughe for drownynge. 1561 Hollybush Horn. Apoth. 40 b, He must also beware for taking cold. 1590 Greene Poems Wks. (1861) 294 A hat of straw, like a swain, Shelter for the sun and rain. 1611 Barrey Rain. Alley 1. ii, Ah, how light he treads, For dirting his silk stockings ! 1703 Moxon Meek. Exerc. 205 That may hinder the Corner of the edge of the Chissel for coming at the Work. 1728 in Picton L’pool Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 88 To prevent..the constitution of it for being entirely subverted. VIII. Of correspondence or correlation. 24 . Prefixed to the designation of a number or quantity to which another is stated to correspond in some different relation. (Cf. similar use of to.) 1399 Langl. Rich. Redeles n. 42 For on hat 3e merkyd ;e missed ten schore Of homeliche hertis. 1583 T. Watson Centurie of Lone xcvii. (Arb.) 133 For eu’ry pleasure that in Loue is found, A thousand woes and more therein abound. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. v. (1686) 6, I will undertake to shew any man Twenty other Horses lame .. for one Hunter. 1724 De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 255 They were . .twice our number in the whole ; and their foot three for one. 1806-7 J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) vi. xxxvii, It contains, .for one inch of lean four or five of stringy fat. 1887 L. Carroll Game of Logic i. § 3. 32 For one workable Pair of Premisses, .you will probably find five that lead to no Conclusion at all. 25 . Preceded and followed by the same sb. (with¬ out article or defining word), in idiomatic expres¬ sions indicating equality in number or quantity between objects compared or contrasted. Bulk for bulk : taking an equal bulk of each. Word for word : with exact identity of expression, ver¬ batim ; similarly point for point. + Day for day : on one day as on every other, hence = 1 day by day’. + To fight hand for hand: ■— ‘ hand to hand To turn (something) endfor end : to reverse. 13.. K. A lis. 2922 Word for word thus they spake, c 1386 Chaucer Clerk's T. 521 Of Grisildis wordes. .He tolde him point for point, c 1450 Chester PI. (E.E.T.S.) 256 Such marvayels. .he ne dyd day for day. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 118 Dongard. .curage had for to fecht hand for hand With Constantyne. 1606 Shaks. Ant. <$• Cl. iv. viii. 22 A Braine that..can Get gole for gole of youth. 1692 Bentley Boyle Led. iv. 116 Bulk for bulk heavier than a Fluid. 1759 Johnson Idler No. 69 r 6 May, Sandys and Holiday, confined themselves to the toil of rendering line for line, a 1769 Regul.Sea-Serv. in Falconer Did. Marine (1789) Kk ivb, If a foreign admiral .. salutes them, he shall receive gun for gun. 1877 Daily News 10 Oct. 6/2 We turned the rope end for end. 1881 Jowett Thucyd. I. 168 The prisoners, .were exchanged man for man. 1885 Manch. Exam. 15 May 5/3 They will not be slow to return him like for like. IX. Of reference. 26 . As regards, with regard or respect to, con¬ cerning. Also in idiomatic expressions: \for the general , in general ; f for so far , in so far; +for my mind , to my thinking ; for my , his, etc. fart (see Part) ; for the rest (= F. du reste : see Rest sb.). + What for — ; = 4 what with —■’ (see What). As for: see As 33. The parenthetic use, as in for me= as for me, for my part ( = Fr. pour iHoi), is now obsolete. x 479 J* Paston in Poston Lett. No. 849 III. 267, I have myche to pay her in London, what for the funerall costes, dettes, and legattes that [etc.]. 1551 T. Wilson Logike ( i 58o) 75 He is. delivered from the lawe, for so muche as pertaineth to his condemnation, but he is not free, for so muche as belongeth to the due obedience, whiche he oweth unto God. 159° Marlowe md Pt. I'amburl. iv. i, For person like to prove a second Mars. 1628 Hobbes Thucyd. (1822) 99 This year, .was of all other for other diseases most free. 1634 W. Wood New Eng. Prosp. 1. iv, The Soyle is for the generall a warme kinde of earth. 1658 W. Burton Comm. I tin. Antoninus 176 For old Marinus, I know not how to excuse him. 1664-5 Pepys Diary 7 Apr., Sir Philip did shew me nakedly the king’s condition for money. 1710 Berkeley Princ . Hum. Knowl. § hi For the rest, this celebrated author holds there is an absolute Space. 1740 Xmas Entertainm. iii. (1883-4) 21 All the Witches for my blind are young Women. . 1765 Blackstone Comm. I. 466 Thus much..for the privileges and disabilities of infants. 1818 M. G. Lewis Jml. W. Did. (1834)250 How he managed for water I could not learn. 1843 Frasers Mag. XXVIII. 570 So much for our housemaid. 1852 R. S. Surtees Sponge’s Sp. Tour (1893) 361 Get married and trust to Providence for the rest. b. So far as concerns (a person or thing). Used with a limiting or restrictive force (cf. 23). For all or aught I know, I know nothing to the contrary. 412 {He may do it) for me , i. e. with no opposition from me. a 1300 Cursor M. 3206 (Cott.) ‘ Fader ’, he said, * be J>ou ful bald, For me sal it neuer be tald ’. 1578 Timme Calvin on Gen. x. 1. 238 Let them..for all me, inioy the fruite.. of their labours. 1655 Hartlib Legacy 160 This Art, for what I can perceive, is no way demonstrable a priori. 1731 Pope Ep. to Burlington 138 Some are Vellum, and the rest as good For all his Lordship knows. 1767 S. Paterson Another Trav. I. 321 They shall have it untouched for me. 1809 J. Moser Don Quixote in Barcelona 11. v, [He] shall carry all the limbs he has got to heaven for me. 1837 Landor Pcntani. Wks. 1846 II. 314/2 The banks of the Hebrus may be level or rocky, for what I know about them. 1890 Besant Demoniac vi, After the first month you ought to have come home again, for all the good it has done. 1893 Law Times XCIV. 559/2 The consideration was left blank, and for all I know it is blank still. C. with words signifying privation or want. 1653 tr. Carmcni s NisseJia 75 He wanted for no care nor possible assistance. 1791 Cowper Retired Cat 73 With hunger pinched, and pinched for room. 1802 Mar. Edge- worth Moral T. (1816) I. ix. 71 In..distress for money. 1804 J. Marshall Washington II. i. 38 The people..were in great distress for provisions, arms, and ammunition. 1855 Thackeray Rose <$• Ring i, He need want for nothing. d. For all the world: used to emphasize asser¬ tions of likeness. (The lit. sense and proper place of this phrase are uncertain.) £1385 Chaucer L. G. W. 218 For al the world ryght as a daysye Ycorouned ys with white leues lyte. 1602 Marston Ant. <$• Mel. 1. Wks. 1856 1 .13 He. .lookes For all the world like an ore-roasted pigge. 1753 Foote Eng. in Paris 1. Wks. 1799 I. 38 Their water-gruel jaws, sunk in a thicket of curls, appear, for all the world, like a lark in a soup-dish ! 27 . In proportion to, considering; considering the nature or capacity of; considering what he, she, or it is, or that he, etc. is so and so. [1594 Marlowe & Nashe Dido iv. iv, Aeneas, for his parentage, deserves As large a kingdom as is Lybia.] 1631 Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 536 This Lawier was a very honest man for those times. 1697 Dryden Vug. Georg. 111. 782 His Bulk too Weighty for his Thighs is grown. 1754 Richardson Grandison I. ii. 6 A man of an excellent character for a Lawyer. 1787 Gambado’s Acad. Horse¬ men (1809) 29 Should your horse prove, what is properly termed too many for you. 1861 Miss Yonge Stokcsley Secret ii. (1862) 42 As poor a man for an esquire as her father was for a surgeon. 1886 Manch. Exam. 15 Mar. 5/4 The weather..phenomenally severe for the season. X. Of duration and extension. 28 . a. Marking actual duration. During, through¬ out. Phr .for long , for a or the tune. c 1450 Co7>. Myst. 129 Who seyth oure ladyes sawtere dayly for a 3er thus. 1506 Guylforde Pilgr. (Camden) 39 We .. restyd vs for that nyght. 1564-78 Bulleyn Dial, agst. Pest. (1888) 10 His stewarde. .applied the poore menne with the purse with muche deuotion for the tyme. 1602 Shaks. Ham. in. i. 91 How does your Honor for this many a day? 1626 T. Ailesbury Passion-sermon 15 The Jewes for long were..the favourites of heaven. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 86 P2 ,1 have seen an Eye curse for half an Hour together, a 1792 Bp. Horne Serin. (1799) III. 68 Reflect for a moment, on these two pictures of virtue and vice. 1843 Fraser's Mag. XXVIII. 334 The Brigand's Bride ran for many nights. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 166 The two great parties..had fora moment concurred. 1872 Liddon Elan. Relig. i. 34 Would he even be interested for long in a philosophy which he believed to be only relatively true? 1885 Law Rep. 15 Q. Bench Div. 316 The catch, .was worn away, and probably had been so for months. b. Marking intended duration, e.g.for life ; also in the phrases ,the or + this present, +for a while. For ay, ever : see Ay 3 a, Ever 5 b. 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. V (an. 4) 55 A peace was con¬ cluded .. for a certain space. 1559 W. Cunningham Cosmogr. Glasse 8 Have you then for this present, your whole desire ? 1632 J. Lee Short Surv. 53 For the present I let passe. 1636 N. Riding Rec. IV. 52 He shall enter bond for his good abeareing for a year. 1642 Protests Lords I. 11 Whether we shall adjourn for six months. 1692 E. Walker tr. Epictetus’ Mor. (1737) xv, What bounteous God did for awhile afford. 1706 Acc. Soc. Propag. Gosp. 33 The Society . .ordered fifty Pounds per annum to be ascertained to him for Three Years. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. viii, I resolved to sit down for all night. 1750 Johnson Rambler No. 59 IP 6 Fie is always provided with a curacy for life. 1764 Sterne in Traill Life 87 About Christmas I..fix my head-quarters at London for the winter. 1847-9 Helps Friends in C. Ser. 1. (1851) I. 101 If there were Peers for life..it would., meet most of your objections. 1849 Macaulay Hist . Eng. II. 156 Four thousand pounds a year for two lives. 1870 Miss Bridgman R. Lynne II. v. 117, I sha’n’t get up for another hour. 1885 Law Rep. 14 Q. Bench Div. 892 The driver, .was practically placed at the disposal of the defend¬ ants for the day. 29 . For once, for the notice: see Once, Nonce. 30 . Marking an amount of extension, esp. in space, lineal or superficial: Over, over the space of, to the extent of, through. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 36' The River of Trent in the moneth of June flowed not for the space of a mile. 1605 Shaks. Lear 11. iv. 304 For many Miles about There’s scarce a Bush. 1818 M. G. Lewis Jrnl. JV.Ind. (1834)159 After travelling for five and twenty miles. 1863 Kingsley Water Bab. 9 Not only did he own all the land about for miles. 1885 Manch. Exam. 28 Sept. 5/3 When a. .man has walked briskly even for a mile. + XI. 31 . Misused ioxfro, From. c 1340 Cursor M. 13554 (Trin.) Anoon he had his si^t For j?enne was he no more led. c 1440 Partonope 2260 Sorno- goure swerde for the arson reft, c 1440 York Myst. xxx. 222 He bese hurled for highnes he haunted. 1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 42 § 1 All personnes of the said company . .shalbe exempt for bearing of armure. B. conj. + 1 . Introducing the cause of a fact, the statement of which precedes or follows : Because. Cf. A. 21 b. Obs. exc. arch. a 1200 tr. Alenin's Virt. <$• V. 115 in Anglia XI. 376 We sculen fleon ]>a un 5 eawes, na maenn sylfe .. for heo synd godes gesceafte. c 1205 Lay. 148 Eneam he. .biheyte. .al his drihliche lond for he nefdenenne sune. 1340 Hampole/V. Consc. 6807 pus forpai did ay ogayns Goddes lawe, Vermyn and wode bestes sal |?am ay gnawe. c 1435 Torr. Portugal 1333 For sir Toren t the fend did fall, Gret lordys honoured hym all. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 11 And for god made all thinges in syx dayes. .therfore, etc. 1600 Fairfax Tasso 11. xix, Nor for he sweld with ire was she affraid. 1604 Shaks. Otli. in. iv. 161 They are. .iealious for they’re iealious. 1691 Dryden K. A rthur 1. ii. Wks. 1884 VIII. 148 Why comes not he?.. For he's a puling sprite. 1799 Anna SEWARDSonu. xlix, In balance true Weigh it, but smile at the objections vain Of sickly Spirits, hating for they do. 1872 Tennyson Gareth Sf Lynette 386 And, for himself was of the greater state, .he trusted his liege-lord Would yield him this large honour all the more. 2 . Introducing the ground or reason for some¬ thing previously said : Seeing that, since. Cf. Gr. yap, L. nam or enim, Fr. car, Ger. denn. CX150 Serin, in Kluge Ags. Lesebuch 71 Hwu sceal piss gewurSen, for ic necann naht of weres £emane. 1154 O. E . Chron. an. 1135 On pis kinges time wesal unfriS. .for agenes him risen sone pa rice men. c 1200 Ormin i 19 And te33 waerenn ..Rihhtwise menn..Forr e33perr here 3ede..Rihht affter Godess lare. *la 1400 Morte Arth. 219 Ffore he was demyde pe doughtyeste pat duellyde in erthe. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. eexliv. (1482) 298 Nowe is good tyme For al Englond praith for vs. 1559 W. Cunningham Cosmogr. Glasse 25 For xij. tymes 30. maketh 360. a 1613 Overbury A Wife (1638) 202 A churchman she dare not venture upon ; for she hath heard widowes complain of dilapidations. 1664 Tillotson Wisd. being Relig. 59 Just such is he who for fear of any thing in this world ventures to grieve God ; for in so doing he runs away from men and falls into the hands of the living God. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. iii, Near a fortnight had passed before [etc.].. for premature consolation is but the remem¬ brancer of sorrow. 1838 T. Thomson Chcm. Org. Bodies 806 This oil or resinous-like body contains phosphorus; for. .we find phosphoric acid in the residue. 1883 Manch. Guard. 22 Oct. 5/3 This is no party question, for it touches us not as Liberals or Conservatives, but as citizens. b. Introducing a detailed proof. 1570 Billingsley Euclid 1. xi, For forasmuch as DC is equal to CE, and [etc.] therefore [etc.]. 1812-16 J. Smith Panorama Sc. <$• Art I. 588 For, let there be three bodies at H, O, and D; if [etc.]. 1840 Lardner Geom. 106 For from the point B draw B D perpendicular to [etc.]. 3. = Whether in an obj. sentence. Obs . rare. c 1250 Gen. 4 * Ex. 2651 We sulen nu witen for it dede 6k witterlike, or in child-hede. c 1394 P. PI. Crede 350 Woldest pou me tellen For pei ben..syker on to trosten, y wolde quyten pe pi mede. + 4 . In order that. Cf. A. 8. Obs. c 1305 St. Katherine 171 in E. E. P. (1862) 94 Noman ne 3af hire mete ne drinke : for heo scholde for hunger deye. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 907 pay .. byndep per-wip is e^ene about; for he ne schold no3t sene, c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4753 For pair trauail sulde no3t be waste. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, iii. i. 9 And for the time shall notseeme tedious lie tell thee what [etc.]. y 5 . For and : = * and moreover Obs. a 1529 Skelton Agst. Garnesche 22 Syr Gawen, Syr Cayus, for and Syr Olyuere. 1605 Shaks. Ham. v. i. 103 A Pickhaxe and a Spade, a Spade for and a shrowding- Sheete. 1617 Middleton Fair Quarrel v.i.Wks. (Dyce)III. 544 Chough [sings] A hippocrene, a tweak, for and a fucus. For-, pref± Also 1 feer-, 3 Orm. forr-, 3-4 south . vor-, ver-, 4 fur-, 6-7 fore-. [OE. for-, fser - = OFris. for-, far-, OS. for-, far- (Du. ver-), OHG. far-, fir-, for- (MHG. and mod. G. ver-), ON. for- (Sw. for-, Da. for-) ; the ON .fyrer- (see Fore- prefi) though formally dis¬ tinct, often corresponds in use with this prefix. The OE. form (like the other forms quoted) seems to represent (with obscured vowel due to absence of stress) the three OTeut. prefixes *fer-, fra-, fur - (Goth. fair-,j7'a-,faiir-), which correspond form¬ ally to Gr. 7 T€pi-, 7 rpo-, 7 rapa-, representing various ablaut-grades of the Aryan root *pr-: see For and Fore. Functionally, the three prefixes do not seem to be clearly distinguished even in Gothic; but in most cases when a vb. with OE. for- or Ger. ver - has a Goth, equivalent, the prefix appears as fra-, which seems to have been orig. its stressed form : cf. the two OE. forms fra'cod and fore lift (see For- couth), which are believed to be accentual vari¬ ants of the representative of pre-Teut. *prognto-, despicable. From the predominant meaning of the root, it may be in¬ ferred that the primary notion expressed by the prefix is that of ‘forward, forth’. The various uses in the Teut. langs. may be plausibly explained as originating from this, though the exact process oT their development is in many points uncertain: see Grimm’s Deutsches Wb. s.v.. ver-. The vbs. formed with this prefix often correspond in signifi¬ cation to Gr. vbs. formed with one or other of the cognate prefixes irepi-, 7rpo-, napa-, and to Lat. vbs. with per- or pro-.] A prefix used to form verbs and adjs., primarily occurring in OE. words of Com. Teut. or WGer. origin, but employed in the formation of new words down to the beginning of the mod.Eng. period; it is now entirely obsolete. Its various functions are enumerated below. The words here explained FOR. 413 FOR. and illustrated are all obsolete ; the surviving words formed with the prefix, and those obsolete ones which require extended treatment, are given as main words in their alphabetical place. I. Forming verbs. 1. Prefixed to verbs, giving the additional sense of 'away’, ‘ off’, as in Forcast ; for shake, to shake off; forshoot, to cast off, reject; forthrow, to throw off. a 1300 E. E. Psalter cviii. [cix.] 23 *For-schaken [Vulg. ex- cussus] als gressop. a 1300 Cursor M. 13663 iCott.) Quen iesus wist him J>us *for-scotten. 1340 Ay end. 86 Zuo bet he ne may hit "uorbrawe to his wylle [mistranslation of si que it ne sen peult pas jetter dehors a sa vouleutc}. 2. With the sense of prohibition, exclusion, or warding off, as in Forbid ; forrun, to bar by run¬ ning ; forsay, to renounce, exclude by command. Also with the sense of concealing from view : for- cover, For wrap. In this use the sense closely approaches that of For- 2 , Fore-; cf. For(e)fend, For(e)shield. 1382 Wyclif Gen. xxvii. 16 She *forcoueride the nakid of the nak. c 12 05 Lay. 12861 Costantin. .bad ba waei-witere *for-a:rnen ba wateres. 1579 Spenser S/teph. Cal. May 82 Sike worldly sovenance he..must *for-say. Ibid. July 79 Shepherds been foresayd From places of delight. 3. With the notion of passing by, abstaining from, or neglecting, as in Forbear, Forgo, Forhowe; forheed, to disregard. Also with the sense of missing or forfeiting something through what is expressed by the simple vb.: forgreme, to forfeit by displeasing (God); forslip, to let slip ; forslug, to neglect through sluggishness. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 35 He com. .to giuende pe mihtes be adam Tor-gremede us alle. c 1275 Lay. 2579 Wimmen he*forhedde. c 1315Shoreham ii Hy ..That cristneth twyes enne, Other.. For-hedeth Wanne chiide ari3t cristnynge heth. 1610 Holland Camden's Brit. 11. 115 (127) He shifted off and dallied with them still, untill they had Torslipt the oppor¬ tunity of pursuing him. c 1315 Shoreham 114 Wanne man leteth adrylle That he god }elde schel, And Tor-sluggyth {printed slaggyth] by wylle That scholde men to stel. c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. p 611 Accidie .. forsluggeth, and destroyeth alle goodes temporeles by reccheleesnesse. 4. With the sense of 4 wrongly ’, 4 mis- *, as for- raught, perverted; forworship, to worship wrongly. c i2oo Ormin 14540 All mankinn.. Wass. .all Torrraht gaen Godd. c 1380 Antecrist in Todd 3 Treat. Wyclif 141 pei seyn we Torwirship. 5. Implying destructive, painful, or prejudicial effect, as in Fordeem, Fordo ; forgab, to de¬ fame, publish the misdeeds of; forglut, to waste in gluttony, devour ; forhang, -head, to put to death by hanging, by beheading; forpierce, for- prick; forscald, to scald, scorch ; forseethe, to scald; forsench, to submerge, drown; forsink, to be submerged; forswithe, to torture or destroy by burning; forwall, to torture with boiling. Also in pa. pples.: forfaded; forfrorn, frozen up, stuck fast in the ice; forroasted, tortured by roasting; forstived, stifled, choked ; forswarted, blackened; fortossed; forwithered, withered or dried up. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iv. xxviii. 73 Sone as the heye is drye the floure is Torfaded. 1481 Caxton Reynard xxxiii. (Arb.)95 She .. wente in to the yse wherein she was *forfrorn. c 1394 P. PI. Crede 631 Whoso Torgabbed a frere yfounden at pe stues.. Hym were as god greuen a greit lorde of rentes. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xii. 66 These wrecches.. in glotonye *For-glotten here goodes. c 1300 Havelok 2724 Ich shall slo pe, and hire Tor-henge heye. 13.. K. Alt's. 1366 He that the treson dude, Was Torhedid in that steode. 1413 Pilgr. So 7 ule (Caxton 1483) iv. xx. 68 Seeth how he is.. al *forpercid sore. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7490 pre stedes he slou vnder him .. *Vorpriked and uor arnd aboute. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) hi. viii. 55 So moche haue they woun- dyd and forprycked other folk about them, that [etc.]. c 1440 Jacob's Well 10 He was al *for-rostyd, fryed & scaldyd. a 1225 Juliana 70 [The pitch] leop wallinde hat up. .ant Tor scaldede of ham seoluen fifti ant tene. a 1225 Ancr. A*. 246 pu hauest forschalded pe drake heaued mid wallinde watere. a 1450 tr. Higden (Harl. MS.) VII. 528 Li^tnyng forscalded [L. ustulavit\ cornes. 221225 Ancr. R. 312 Lete we teares, leste ure owune teares *uorseo 3 en us in helle ! c 1315 Shoreham 165 For death scholde his meystryes kethe, and for-sopil and for-sethe In deathes bende. a 1225 Juliana 60 His [Adam’s] team .. sune3ede swa swiSe pat tu hit Torsenchtest al in noes flode. c 1250 Gen. fy Ex. 1114 So *for-sanc and brente Sat steden. 1563 Sackville Induct. Mirr. Mag. xx, Here in sorrowe art for- sonke so depe. 13.. Cast. Loi>e } 7?9 in Minor Poetns fr. Vernon, MS. (1892) App. xxxviii. 405, I am Tor-styfyd among, Thi synne stynketh on me so strong ! c 1305 Pilate 227 in E. E. P. (1862) 117 And ise3 his bodie al *forswarted. a 1225 Ancr. R. 306 Ure inwit, uor- kuliinde [v. r. TorswiSande] hire suluen mid pe fure of sunne. c 1250 Gen. <$- Ex. 1140 Do meidenes herden quilum seien, Dat her sulde al Sis werlde forsweSen. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. xxii. 2. 78 We shall be in deede *foretossed, howbeit our faith shall alwayes scape shipwrecke. a 1240 Sawles Warde in Cott. Horn. 251 pat pich ham TorwalleS aSet ha beon for mealte. 1563 Sackville Induct. Mirr. Mag. xii, Her body small, Torwithered, and forespent. b. With the sense of ‘asunder, in pieces’, as in Forbdrst, Forgnaw ; forcleave ; forhale, fig. to distract; forrend. Also in pa. pples.: forbrit- tened, broken in pieces; forcrazed, fallen to pieces; forfrushed, shattered to pieces; for- pinched, forscattered, fortattered, fortorn. ?a 1400 Morte Arth. 2273 Braynes .. With brandez for- brittenede one brede in pe laundez. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 231/418 He Tor-clef is foule bouk in pre partyes at pe laste. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 543 Atweyne i wol forcleue pyn hed. £71320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 724 Chaumbers, and. .hegghe halle, Of old werk, Tor-erased alle. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 1180 Of grete roches pey fulle al doun, & al Tur- frusched bak & croun. c 1477 Caxton Jason 58 b, Our ship is alle to broken and forfrusshid. 1568 C. Watson Polyb. 63 The whole navie was in greate perill, and many of them sore forfrushed. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. Sept. 243 Nought easeth the care, that doth me Torhaile. 1614 Davies Eclogue, Willie Wernock 26 Who [l = whorn] whilom no encheson could fore-haile. c 1325 Poem Times Edw. II 303 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 337 Hit shal be so Tor-pinched, to-toilled, and to-twiht. c 1440 Jacob's Well 118 panne schal pat soule. .ben all *for-rent wyth helle-ratchys. 1496 Dives # Paup. (W. de W.) v. viii. 206/1 Woo be to the shepherdes that .. forrende the flocke of my lesue. 1430 Lydg. Citron. Troy 1. ix, That like to shepe were Tor- skatered wide, c 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 239, I am leverd a lap is lyke to no lede, *For-tatyrd and tome. 1496 Dives Kf Paup. (W. de W.) vi. xv. 258/2 That blyssful bodye. .was for-rent and Tor tourne. c. Prefixed to sbs., forming vbs. used only in pa. pple. with the sense 4 overpowered or troubled by’ (what is expressed by the sb.), as forstormed, tempest-tossed; forwintered, reduced to straits by winter. 1393 Gower Conf. I. 160 The schip which, .is Torstormed and forblowe. 1481 Caxton Reynard iii. (Arb.) 6 In the harde froste he had ben sore *forwynterd. 6. Expressing the notion of something done in excess or so as to overwhelm or overpower ; in pa. pples.: forbeft, baffled; forbolned, puffed up; forchafed, overheated; forfastened; forfiitten, scolded above measure; forfried, too much fried; forfrighted, greatly terrified; forglopned, over¬ whelmed with astonishment; forladen, -lode, overloaded, overpowered; forpained; forpam- pered, pampered to excess; forswollen; for- swong, harassed; fortaxed, overburdened with taxation ; fortired, excessively wearied. 1375 Barbour Bruce xvil 793 Voundit, and wery, and Torbeft. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle in. ii. 50 A grete bely ful of wynd Torbolned and forblowen. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccxxvi, Ther came to them Sir Olyuer of Clysson, Tor- chafed [printed forchased, F. cschauffe] and enflamed. 1488 Caxton Cfiast. Goddes City Idem 32 We ben Torfestned wyth a dart of his ferdnes. 1603 Philotus ci, I haue bene threatnit and Torflittin, Sa oft that I am with it bittin. c 1440 Psalmi Pettit. 36 My bonus beth drie and forsoke, As scrachenis that beth Torfryed. £1250 Gen. $ Ex. 3519 Dis Tor-fritted folc fi^eren stod. C1200 Ormin 670 To beldenn and to frofrenn pe, 3iff he pe sep Torrgloppnedd. £•1300 Cursor M. 19634 (Edin.) Saul him quoke sua was he rad, forglopnid in his mode als mad. 1565 Golding Ovid's Met. 11. U593) 28 Winter .. *Forladen with the isykles that dangled up and downe. Ibid. in. (1593) 75 As one forlode with wine. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. A. 246 Pensyf, payred, I am Tor-payned. c 1440 Jacob's Well to Allas, pat euere J was baptysed..to be pus forpeyned ! £'1374 Chaucer Bocth. 11. metr. v. 36 (Camb. MS.) They ne weere nat Tor- pampred with ovvtrage. 1593 Golding Ovid's Metam. 1.15 The serpent Python so Torswolne. a 1400 Leg. Rood (1871) 194 When pow were so Tor-swong, Among the iues pey did pe hong, c 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 98 We ar so hamyd, *For-taxed, and ramyd. a 1400-50 Alexander 1009 All pe 3eres of owr youth bene 3are syne passyd. And we for-traveld & Tor-tyred. 1423 Jas. I Kingis Q. xxx, For- tirit of my tho3t and wo begone. 1598 E. Gilpin Skial. (1878) 12 Perhaps fore-tyrde he gets him to a play. b. Prefixed to intransitive verbs, forming com¬ pounds chiefly intr. with sense 4 to weary or exhaust (oneself) by’ doing what the vb. denotes, as in Forwalk, Forwander, Forweep. Also in pa. pples. and ppl. adjs.: forcried, fordreamed, for- fast(ed, exhausted with fasting ; forlaboured ; forlapped, sated with lapping or drinking; for- plaint, wearied with complaining; forraked, overdone with walking ; forrun for anted ); for- sung (-songen) ; forswunk, exhausted with labour; fortoiled ,* forwake, -waked, wearied with waking or watching; forwallowed, wearied with tossing about; forwatched. a 1600 Freirs of Berzuy/e in Maitland Poems (1786) I. 73 For-knokit and Tor-cryit, About he went, onto the tother syd. ?£21400 Morte Arth. 3393 Than wakkenyde I i-wys, alle wery Tor-dremyde. £21300 Cursor M. 12940 (Cott.) pe warlau..sagh him hungri and Tor-fast, c 1450 Mirr. Saluacioun 1535 (1888) 51 He hoped crist was for- fastid. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 395 b/2 A grete teinpeste .. in which they were .. sore Tor-laboured, c 1510 More Picus Wks. 11/2 Forlabored in the waie of sinne. c 1307 Pol. Songs (Camden) 238 When he is al Tor-laped. 1423 Jas. I Kingis Q. lxxiii, For lak of myght and mynd, For-wepit and Tor-pleynit pitously. c 1440 Towneley Myst. (E. E. T. S.) 124, I am wery Tor-rakyd and run in the myre. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7490 pre stedes .. Vorpriked & *uor arnd aboute. £71470 Henry Wallace x. 704 Feill Scottis hors was .. Forrown that day. ’la 1366 Chaucer Rom. Rose 664 Chalaundres fele saw I there, That wery, nigh Torsongen were, a 1250 Prov. /Elfred in O. E. Misc ., If heo ofte a swote Tor swunke [<£1275 for-swu[n]ken] were. 1589 Mar Martine 5 Sith swaines forswonke, and so forswat, moght, sayen what them list. 1567 Drant Horace's Efist. 11. ii. H ij, Snorting like a very hogge the Toretoylede did groyne, a 1310 in Wright’s Lyric P. vi. 28 Ycham for wowyng al Tor-wake. £1386 Chaucer Man of Law's T. 498 * For- waked in here orisoun, Slepeth Constaunce. 2*1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 104 So forwakyd is none in thy shyre. 1827 Tennant Papistry Storm'd 163 Upo’ the death-bed o’ the floor, For- wakit and for-drunken. 1423 Jas. I Kingis Q. xi, For- wakit and Tor-walowit. .Wery, forlyin, I lestnyt sodaynlye. £21483 Liber Niger in Tate Houselt. Ord. Edw. //(1876) 65 If any Squier for the. body be .. Torewatchid he shall haue sike liuerey with Knightes. 1557 Tottell's Misc. (Arb.) 139 His eyes were red and all fore watched. 7. With the sense 4 all over ‘through and through’; prefixed to transitive vbs. as in For- bkuise, or rendering intrans. vbs. transitive, as in Forgrow. So forcratch,to scratch all over ; for- din, to fill with noise, resound through; forseek, to search thoroughly; forspread, to overspread; also fordewed pa. pple., soaked with dew. ? a 1366 Chaucer Rom. Rose 323 Nor she hadde no-thing slowe be For to Torcracchen al hir face. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Troy 1. vi, All Tordewed were her wedes blake. 1501 Douglas Pal. Hon. Prol. iii, Quhais schill noitis Tordinned all the skyis. 1563 Sackville Induct. Mirr. Mag. lxxii, Foredinning the ayer with his horrible yel. £21300 E. E% Psalter xxxv. 11 *For-sprede pi merci thorgh pe land. 8. Prefixed to transitive vbs. with intensive force, or, in many cases, without perceptibly modifying the sense, as in Fordread ; forrue, to rue, regret. Also in pa. pples., forbroiden, wrought with em¬ broidery; forchanged, forcrooked; fordreved, perturbed; forpossed (/amt? = push), pushed vio¬ lently, tossed about; forshend, severely injured; forwrithen, wreathed in many coils ; forwrinked, made tortuous. £2 1300 Cursor M. 28016 (Cott.) Biletts Tor-broiden. £71460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 224 Alas ...Alle Tor-changid is thy chere. £71305 Edmund Conf. 336 in E. E. P. (1862) 80 f >e hond was ek Torcroked. c 1200 Ormin 2194 3 iff ure aflfdi^ Mar}e wass Forrshamedd & Torrdrefedd. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Troy iii. xxiv, Their tentes. .*Forpossid were. £71430 Compleynt 530 in Lydg. Temple Glas( 1891) App. i. 66 Thus forpossid be-twene tweye .. Now I cheuere, & now I swete. £71425 Wyntoun Cron, vn.3295 The Kyng ofTNorway ..And hys men Ter revyd sare That evyre thai arrywyd thare. c 1475 Rauf Coilgear 540 Bot gif I fand the, forrow now to keip my cunnand. c 1475 Partenay 3306 The monkes all betrapped and Torshend, That neuer on soule scaped out¬ wardly. 1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 45 Al Tor-writhen serpent, thi wyles ben aspied. 14.. Lydg. Temple Glas. 84 pe hous, That was Tor-wrynkked bi craft of Dedalus. 9. Forming factitive vbs. from adjs. or sbs. of quality, or prefixed to factitive vbs. so derived : forbliss, to make happy; fordeave, to deafen; forlength, to prolong ; formeagre, to make lean. Also in pa. pples. and ppl. adjs., forderked, darkened; formatted, fattened; forfeebled, en¬ feebled ; forhoared, become hoary; foridled, given up to idleness. 221300 Cursor M. 13108 (Cott.) pat man sal Tor-blisced be pe quilk him sclanders noght for me. 1501 Douglas Pal. Hon. 1. iii, Thair 3elpis wilde my heiring all Tordeifit. 1430 Lydg. Citron. Troy Prol. (1513), Of thinges passed *fordyrked of theyr hewe. 1586 Ferne Bias. Gentrie 143 Through epicurisme and misdiet .. Torefatted. 1513 Douglas AEttets vii. Prol. 10 *Forfeblit wolx his [Phebusj lemand giltly lewyne. 1587 Turberv. Trag. T. (1837) 37 Forfeebled as she was .. she fell upon the grasse.. 1591 Harington Orl. Fur. xxiv. Ixvii. (1634) 194 Inforcing his forefeebled voice, c 1450 Guy Wai'w. (C.) 11089 Thou olde and Torhoryd man. £21225 Ancr. R. 116 Ase peo pet beoS Toridled. 221300 E. E. Psalter cxxviii[i]. 3 pair wickednesse Tor-lenghped pai. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. xxxix. 7 They *for-meygre themselves .. bycause they imagin that all is too little for them. II. In adjs. [Cf. the cognate ~L.per-, Gr. 7rfpi-.] 10. Giving to an adj. the sense of an absolute superlative, ‘very’, ‘extremely’; as for-black,-cold, -dry, -dull, -faint, -great, -hoar, -old, -weary; fordead, utterly speechless and still. [OE. had for-wel, very well, very, for-caHc, very easily, for-oft , very often; a stressed variant of the prefix is free -, as frxmicel ‘ eximius ’, friefdtt 4 prsepinguis ’, frxofestlice * propere ’. Cf. ON. for-Utill\ very little, for-mikill, very great, etc.; also the use of Sw. for , Da. for , in the sense of ‘ too ’. It is remarkable that nearly all Chaucer’s exam¬ ples of these compounds admit of _ being explained as instances of for prep, governing an adj.; thus in the quots. below, for-blak' may be taken as = ‘for black (that it was) ’, ‘ for blackness ’; 'fordrye , as whyt as chalk ’ may be read, omitting the comma, ‘ as white as chalk for dry (that it was)’, ‘on account of being so dry.’ It is possible that Chaucer himself may have apprehended the combinations in this manner.] £71386 Ciiaucer Knt.'s T. 1286 As any ravenes fether it shoon Tor-blak. £7 1320 Seuyn Sag. [W ) 2623 He was Tor- cold, and lokede aboute. 1592 G. Harvey Pierce's Sltper. 66 Who would haue thought, .to haue found. .the elocution of the Divels oratour. .soTordead. Ibid. 133 There is. .no such libbard for a lively ape as fordead silence. 221386 Chaucer Sqr.'s T. 401 Amidde a tree Tordrye, as whyt as chalk .. Ther sat a faucon. £71430 Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 191 To teche a rude Tor-dull asse. £71570 Marr. Wit $ Science iv. iii. in Hazl. Dodsley II. 368 Ye sprites, for- dull with toil. £71440 Psalmi Pettit. (1894) 2 My soule hath. .*Forgret mester to make mouns. ?a 1366 Chaucer Rom. Rose 356 Hir heed for-hoor was, whyt as flour. £• 1340 Gaw. Sy Gr. Knt. 1440 On pe sellokest swyn swenged out pere Long sythen for pe sounder pat wi}t Torolde [?or is this a vb.]. £1386 Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1284 He hadde a beres skin, col-blak, for-old. c 135° ill. Palerne 2443 Wei out from alle weyes Tor-wery pei hem rested. c 1400 Rom. Rose 3336 Forwery, for-wandred as a fool. FOR. 414 FORAMIN OSE. For-, przfZ, OE. for is identical with Foil prep., and in OE. and ME. it occurs frequently as a variant of Fore-, with the senses ' before’, 'in front’, 'on behalf of’, etc.; cf. OE. for-, fore- cnman to come before, ME . forganger and Fore¬ ganger. Where a word occurs with both forms of the prefix, it is in this Dictionary placed under Fore-. For-, pref ?>, occurring only in words adopted from Fr., as Forcatch, Forfeit, Forprise, repre¬ sents OF. for-, fors-, identical with fors adv. (mod. F. hors) outside, out forts^ fords. Foracan, obs. f. Hurricane. Forage (fpTedg), sb. Forms: 5-6 fourage (6 fourr-), 5-8 forrage, 6-7 forradge, 4- forage, [a. F .fourrage, f. OF .feurre fodderCom. Rom. *fodro, of Teut. origin: see Fodder and -age.] 1 . Food for horses and cattle; fodder, provender; in early use esp . dry winter food, as opposed to grass. Now chiefly provender for horses in an army. c 1315 Shoreham 122 The oxe and asse. .Tho that hy se3en hare creature [ = Creator] Lyggynde ine hare forage. <71386 Chaucer Reeve’s Prol. 14 Gras-tyme is doon, my fodder is now forage, c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 177 No comparisoun twen good greyn and forage. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xviii. 8b/2 They had nother ootes nor forage for them [horses]. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. xxxviii. 56 Spurry is good fourage or fodder for Oxen and kyen. 1610 Markham Masterp. 1. xciii. 182 Next vnto grasse is forrage, which is onely the blades of greene corne. 1683 Loiid. Gaz. No. 1868/3 The Cavalry made hard shift to get Forage, many Horses dying for want thereof. 1720 De Foe Capt. Single - loti vi. 106 A herb like a broad flat thistle supplied the buffa¬ loes for drink as well as forage. 1770 Junius Lett, xxxvi. 175 tiote, This gentleman, .was contractor for forage. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. VII. xviii. viii. 254 Our Inns were now almost quite exhausted of forage in corn or hay. b. transf and fig. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 233 Some [Bees] o’re the Publick Magazines preside, And some are sent new Forrage to provide. 1767 Fawkes Horace's Sat. 11. vi, Those Heaps of Forage he [a mouse] had glean’d with Care. 1792 Mad. D’Arblay Let. 2 Oct., Sarah, .seems perfectly satisfied with foreign forage. 1836 Johnsoniana 1. 86 The minds of men who acquire no solid learning, and only exist on the daily forage they pick up by running about. 2 . The action of foraging or providing forage ; hence, a roving search for provisions of any kind ; sometimes, a raid for ravaging the ground from which the enemy draws his supplies. + In forage : in search of forage. 1481 Caxton Godfrey xxxviii. 76 The Captayns .. were ordeyned for to lede the peple in fourage. c 1500 Melusinc lix. 351 Sayeng that they were frendes and that they had be all that nyght in fourrage. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage vi. vi. 492 And thence made forrages into the Countrey. 1777 W. Dalrymple Trav. Sp. # Port, iv, I went upon the forage to get something to eat. a 1873 Lytton Pausanias 51 My own brother, .headed a detachment for forage. + b. transf. A raging or ravening. Obs. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. iv. i. 93 And he [the lion] from forrage will incline to play. 1667 Waterhouse Fire Lond. 91 The Inhabitants, .fled before the Fire, leaving it to its forradge. + 3 . In pi. Foragers. Obs. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xlix. 70 Their forages rode forthe, but they met nat, bycause the ryuer was euer by- twene them. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks 18 Sallying out to haue cut off the forrages of the Christians. 4 . attrib. and Comb., attributive as forage-crop, -plant, -store ; also forage-boat, a boat used for conveying forage; forage-cap (see quot. 1876); forage-guard, a guard detailed to cover a forag¬ ing party; + forage-master, an officer who at¬ tended to the forage, etc. of an army. 1848 Blackiv. Mag. Aug. 210 By means of the *forage-boat. 1844 Regal, fy Ord. Army 157 The *Forage Caps of the Non-commissioned Officers and Men. 1876 Voyle Milit. Diet. (ed. 3), Forage cap, the undress cap worn by infantry soldiers and known as the Glengarry forage cap. 1875 in Ettcycl. Brit. I. 370/2 Herbage and *forage crops. 1819 Rees Cycl.., * For rage-guard. 1579 Digges Stratiot. 109 He ought also to assigne a sufficient number of Horse to attende on the ^Forrage maister. 1823 Crabb Technol. Diet. s. v. Forage, Forage-Master-General, formerly an officer under the marshall, who saw to the forage for the army, which duty is now performed by the Quarter-Master- General. 1831 Loudon Encycl. Agric. (ed. 2) Gloss. Index, Herbage plants, *forage plants, such as clover and other plants cultivated chiefly for the herb. 1868 Regal. <5* Ord. Army 7 584 Sentries over *forage stores. Forage (f^red^), v. Forms: 5-8 forrage, 6 forur(r)age, 6- forage, [ad. F. fourrager, f. four- rage : see prec.] 1. trans . 1 o collect forage from; to overrun (a country) for the purpose of obtaining or destroying supplies; to lay under contribution for forage. Also in wider sense, to plunder, pillage, ravage. 1417 in Ellis Orig.Lett. Ser. 11. 1 . 56 Burninge, forrageing, Sc destroyinge all his contry. 1569 Stocker tr. Diod. Sic. I. xv. 24 They .. spoyled and fouraged their territories. 1618 Bolton Floras ( 1636)319 They, having first foraged their next neighbours, retired themselves within their de¬ fences. 1650 Fuller Pisgak 1. 357 Those fond entertainers .. having forraged the elements of aire, earth and water for provision for their guests. 1700 Astry tr. Saavedra Faxardo II. 247 To raise a great number of Soldiers, suf¬ fering them to Forage whole Countries. 1852 Miss Yonge Cameos I. xxxiii. 280 After which he foraged the lands of the Earl of Chester. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. IX. xxi. ii. 262 Noble and Peasant had been pillaged, ransomed, for¬ aged, eaten-out by so many different Armies. transf and fig. 1641 Sir E. Dering in Rushw. Hist. Coll. 111. (1692) I. 295 Who neglecting the best part of his office in God’s Vineyard, .forrageth the Vines. 1667 South Serm. Ps. lxxxvii. 2 The captivated ark, which foraged their country more than a conquering army. 2. intr. To rove in search of forage or provi¬ sions ; spec, of soldiers in the field. 1530 in Palsgr. 553/2. 1531 Elyot Gov. iii. x, Oxen and bulls, whiche..his men had taken in foraginge. 1608 Topsell Serpents ( 1658)610 When the Parents were gone abroad to forrage for them. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 283 Nor dare they [Bees] stray .. Nor Forrage far, but short Excursions make. 1702 Lond. Gaz. No. 3828/2 The Left Wing of the Army foraged near the Villages. 1824 W. Irving T. Trav. I. 286 A detachment, .travelled slowly on, foraging among the villages. b. To make an inroad on , upon; to raid. Also transf and fig. 1642 Chas. I Message to Both Houses 11 July, He per- mitteth his Souldiers to. .forrage upon the Countrey. 1680 Morden Geog. Red. (1685)43 Under their King Cochliariua foraging upon the Seacoast of Gaul. 1857 H. Reed Led. Eng. Poets II. xv. 208 A boyish enterprise of foraging upon the hazel trees. 1886 Lowell Lett. (1894) II. 323 The con¬ sciousness that I had it to do would be so constantly forag¬ ing on my equanimity. 3. To rove or hunt about as in search of supplies; to make a roving search for ; to rummage. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 122 We may sally out boldly to forage for new discoveries in the field of contem¬ plation. 1822 W. Irving Braceb. Hall ii. 92 He passed many an hour foraging among the old manuscripts. 1845 Ford Handbk. Spain 1. 24 He must forage abroad for anything he may want. 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. iv. xxxiii, Sir Hugo .. wanted Deronda to forage for him on the legal part of the question. 1893 Q. [Couch] Delect. Duchy 217 He foraged in the pockets of his. .coat. + 4. To glut oneself, as a wild, beast; to raven. lit. and fig. Also, To batten or revel in. 1592 Shaks. Ven. <$• Ad. 554 With blind fold furie she begins to forrage. 1599 — Hen. V , 1. ii. no Whiles his .. Father. .Stood smiling, to behold his Lyons Whelpe Forrage in blood of French Nobilitie. 1670 Stucley Gosp. Glass xxxiv. 362 The Plague..forraged in London, and the parts adjacent. 1698 Crowne Calig. v. 48 Go and prepare for this design to-night, And we’ll to-morrow forrage in delight. 5. trans. To supply with forage or food. 1552 Huloet, Foraged to b z..pabulor. 1698 J. Fryer E. India Persia 125 They .. are now out of distrust the Moguls should Forrage their Army here. 1715-20 Pope Iliad viii. 627 Our steeds to forage and refresh our pow’r. 1810 in Mem. Vise. Combermcre I. 139 We have been very well foraged since we have been here. 1880 Disraeli Endym. xiii, He foraged their pony .. and supplied them from his dairy. 6 . To obtain by foraging or rummaging. Also with out. 1656 Bp. Hall Occas. Medit. (1851) 74 This fowl .. is ravenous: all is too little, that he can forage for himself. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. 111. 1. ii. (1872) 12 Two-thousand stand of arms., are foraged in this way. 1849 Thackeray Pendennis xxxvi, His valet .. went out and foraged know¬ ledge for him. 1856 Kane A ret. Expl. II. i. 19 Pie has foraged out some raw cabbage. Hence Fo raged ppl. a. ; Fo raging ppl. a. 1624 Capt. Smith Virginia in. iv. 54 Two of ourforraging disorderly souldiers. 1649 G. Daniel TrinarcJi., Hen. V cclxvi, Forraging Bees, a 1848 Whittier Yorktoivn v, With stolen beeves, and foraged corn. 1863 Bates Nat. Amazon II. v. 351 The Ecitons, or foraging ants. 1873 Holland A. Bonnie, xix. 306 A foraging squirrel picked up his dinner almost at my feet. t Fo'ragement. Obs. [a. OF. fourragement: see Forage v. and -ment.] The act of foraging. 1596 Edw. Ill, 11. i. Djb, The Lyon doth become his bloody iawes, And grace his forragement by being milde, When vassell feare lies trembling at his feete. Forager(fp'redjar). Forms: a. 4-7 forager(e, 5 - 6 fourrager,( 6 forageour, forragiour,foriger), 6 - 7 forrager, 6 -forager. P. 6 foranger,-enger, -inger. fad. OF . forragier, f. forrage Forage sb .; also a. OF. fourrageour, agent-n.f. fourragier For¬ age v. With the 0. forms cf. messenger, passenger.'] •f 1. A harbinger, messenger. Obs. Cf. Forayer 2 . 1377 Langl. P.Pl. B. xx. 84 Frenesyes & foule yueles forageres of kynde. 1616 J. Lane Sqr.'s T. (1888) 122 note, Much praisinge love (of peace the harbinger), mild truithes, sterne mstices kind foragere. 2. One of a party sent out to gather forage, etc. for an army. + Also a spoiler, ravager. 1489 Caxton Faytes of A. 1. xiv. 36 Not trust onely vpon that that his fourragers shall bringe. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. xxxiii. 39 b/2 If the Spanish forangers were stronger, than they wold take theyr forag fro them. 1552 Huloet, Forager or waster of a countrey, populator. 1581 Styvvard Mart. Discipl. 1. 16 Horse .. to gard and defend the foringers. 1624 Heywood Gunaik. iv. 173 Certaine forragers and robbers that made sundry incursions into the countrie. 1799 Wellington 7 Apr. in Gurw. Desp. I. 27 The foragers are coming in fast well loaded with forage. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. X. xxi. vi. 119 The continual skirmishing with the Prussian foragers, b. A foraging ant ( Eciton ). [1834 Medwin Angler in IVales II. 47 They [ants] keep a party of foragers constantly on the lookout.] 1863 Bates Nat. Amazon II. v. 352 One of the foragers, Eciton rapax.. hunts in single file through the forest. 3. One who goes foraging for himself. Also_/?^. 162X G. Sandys Ovids Met. 11. (1626) 34 The Wood’s wild foragers espy’d. 1742 Young Nt. Th. v. 253 This forager on others wisdom. 1777 Mason Eng. Garden 11. 278 Down so smooth a slope, The fleecy foragers will gladly browse. 1890 Century Mag. May 48/1 A nervous restless disposi¬ tion, which makes them [poultry], .excellent foragers. 4. = forage-cap. 1891 Daily Nei.vs 14 Feb. 3/6 It is expected that the new folding cap., will be shortly condemned in favour of the all¬ round forager, which it was intended to supersede. Foraging (ffred^iq), vbl. sb. [see -ing T] 1 . The action of the vb. Forage in various senses. 1481 Caxton Godfrey xxxv. 72 The noble men..sente out on fouragyng ouer alle the countrey. 1651-3 Jer. Tay¬ lor Serm. for Year 1. xvii. 216 A Libian Tiger drawn from his wilder forragings. 1832 W. Irving Alhambra I. 20 They .. had been signally enriched by the foraging of the previous evening. 1861 Holland Less. Life xxiii. 327 His Childe Harold is nothing but the record of his tire¬ less foraging. 2. Comb., as foraging-expedition, -party, -ship ; foraging-cap = forage-cap. 1830 Moore Mem. (1854) VI. 144 Dressed in a neat blue frock and a *foraging cap. 1863 Rates Nat. Amazon II. v. 363 This ant goes on * foraging-expeditions like the rest of its tribe. 1780 D. Brodhead in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev. (1853) m. 10 Unless I send out * foraging parties, and impress cattle. 1809 Naval Chron. XXI. 394 note, The Conqueror, .was a ^foraging ship. Forain(e(r, obs. form of Foreign, -er. Foralite (fd>»Talait). Ceol. [mod. f. 'L.. ford-re to bore + -LITE.] (See quot.) 1859 Page Handbk. Geol. Terms, Foralitcs, applied to certain tube-like markings which occur in sandstones [etc.] and which seem to have been the burrows of annelids. II Foramen (foremen). PI. foramina (force*- mina). [L .foramen, f. forare to bore.] An opening or orifice, a hole or short passage, for the protru¬ sion of an organ, or for the performance of organic functions. In various applications in Anat., Zool., etc. In Bot. esp. the foramen of an ovule (see quot. 1866). 1671 Grew Anat. Veg. (1672) i. 3 At the thicker end of the Bean, in the outer Coat, a very small Foramen presents it¬ self. 1682 T. Gibson Anat. (1697) 20 Above, where it adheres to the Midriff, it has three foramina or holes. 1819 Rees Cycl., Foramen, .a term applied to the apertures observable in some specimens of echini , distinct from the mouth and vent. 1826 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1828) III. xxx. 256 In many conical pupse is the appearance of a vertical foramen. 1828 Quain Elem. Anat. (1837) 150 Round the optic foramen. 1831 R. Knox Cloquet's Anat. 185 The intervertebral foramina. 1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 210 I nnumerable foramina.. give passage to as many tubular feet or protrusible suckers. 1866 Treas. Bot. s. v., The foramen of an ovule is an aperture through the integuments, allow¬ ing the passage of the pollen tubes to the nucleus. Foraminate (forse-minA), a. [ad. L. fora- minatus bored, i.fordmin- Foramen.] = Fora- MINATED. Foraminate (fone'minidt), v. [f. L .foramin-. Foramen +-ate 3 .] trans. To bore, pierce, per¬ forate. 1599 [see next]. 1668 Wilkins Real Char. 11. ix. §4. 246 Perforate, foraminate, pierce. 1830 Maunder Diet ., Fora¬ minate , to bore full of holes. Foraminated (forse-minc’ted), ppl. a. [f. L. fordmindt-us (see Foraminate a.) +- -edT] Bored, pierced, perforated: see also quot. 1839. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouers Bk. Physickc 28/1 Fine totalle and not foraminated pearles. 1728 R. North Mem. Mus. (1846) 37 Pipes .. foraminated for changing the tone when there was occasion. 1839 Roberts Did. Geol., Foraminated . .Applied to a shell, the chambers of which are united by a small perforation or foramen. 1854 Woodward Mollusca 11. 229 Orthidae : Shell transversely oblong, depressed, rarely foraminated. Foraminifer (foramfnifbr). [mod. f. L .ford- min-, Foramen + -fer bearing; in F .foramintferei] A rhizopod of the order Foraminifera. 1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 11 The young Foraminifers. 1842 Brande Did. Sc. etc., Foraminifcrs . .a tribe of minute shells. II Foraminifera (forxuninrfcra), sb. pi. Zool. [mod.L. neut. pi. of prec.] A11 order o i Rhizopoda, furnished with a shell or test, usually perforated by pores ( foramina ). 1835-6 Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 518/1 note, But M.D’Orbigny .. has substituted the positive term Foraminifera. 1882 Geikie Text-bk. Geol. vi. iv. § 1. 838 In some places it [nummulitic limestone] is composed mainly of foramini¬ fera. Foramilliferal (foroe:minrferal), a. [f. as prec. + -AL.] a. Pertaining to the Foraminifera. b. Consisting of or containing foraminifera 1865 Carpenter in Intell. Obscrv. No. 40. 278 Referable to the foraminiferal type. 1876 Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. xix. 363 Foraminiferal strata. 1882 Geikie Text-bk. Geol. 11. ii. § 6. 167 Calcareous (Foraminiferal) Ooze. Foraminiferous (foreemninrferas), a. [f. as prec.+ -ous.] lit. Furnished with foramina; said of the Foraminifera or their shells. Also (less correctly) = Foraminiferal b. 1835-6 T odd Cycl. Anat. I. 114/2 The lowest foramini¬ ferous cephalopods. 1859 J* R* Greene Man. Anim. Kingd. Protozoa 15 Many Foraminiferous shells. 1872 Nicholson Palseont. 65 Its Foraminiferous fauna. 1884 Science III. 591 Foraminiferous ooze. + Foramiino'se, a. Obs. [ad. L .fordminos-us, i.fordmin- Foramen.] ‘ Full of holes ’. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. FOR AMIN OUS. 415 FORBEAR. t Fora'minous, a. Obs. [f. L .foramin- Fora¬ men + -ous.] Full of holes, perforated, porous. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 215 Soft and Foraminous Bodies. 1658 Sir T. Brownf. Gard. Cyrus iii. 51 The.. foraminous roumlles upon the leaf. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 8 Be- speck’d here and there with black spots .. all foraminous. 1816 Faber Orig. Pagan Idol. III. 137 The rocky foramin- ous grotto. Foraminulate (forami-nirflA), a. [f. next + -ATE -.] = FORAMINULOUS. 1884 in Syd. Soc.Lex. Foraminule (forwminiwl). [as if ad. L. *fordmintil-um, dim. of Foramen.] 1866 in 7 yeas.. Bot. 1884 Syd. Soc. Lex.. Foraminule. the niinute opening or ostiolum of the perithecium of some Fungi and Lichens, through which the spores escape. Foraminulose (foramimiwlou's), a. [f. as prec. + -OSE.] = next. 1884 in Syd. Soc. Lex. Foraminulous (forami'ni/rlas), a. [f. as prec. + -ous.] Pierced with fine holes or pores. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 3 The eye of a Bee .. black and ail foraminulous. 1721 in Bailey. 1884 \nSyd. Soc. Lex. Foran, Foranent: see Forne, Fornent. t Fora'neous, a. Obs.~° [f. med.L .fordne-us (Du Cange), {.forum market-place, court of justice + -ous.] Belonging to a market or court. 1656 in Blount Glossogr. 1721 in Bailey. Foranger, foringer : see Forager. Foranize : see Foreignize. Foramen : see Forrun in For -prefy 2 and 6 b. Forasmuch (fprazms-tj), adv. [The phrase for as much ; now written as one word.] Only in the conjunctional phrase Forasmuch as : a. In consideration that, seeing that, inasmuch as. Now somewhat formal or arch. In early use occasion¬ ally with ellipsis of the second as ; rarely with substitution of that. +b. Occasionally used in the etymologically prior sense: So far as, with regard to so much as. a. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 454 Vor as muche as we mowe fie in none manere. <-1400 Maundkv. (Roxb.) Pref. 2 For as mykill as it es lang tyme passed. 1411 Rolls of Parlt. III. 650/2 For as myche I am a Justice. 1450- 1530 Myrr. our Ladye 2 But for as moche as many of you .. can not se what the meanynge therof ys : therefore, etc. 1606 G. W. tr. Hist. Ivstine 119 b, Forasmuch that this prouision made greatly for his furtherance. 1651 tr. De las Caver as' Hist. Don Fenise 89 Forasmuch an honest wife ought to have no other will but that of her husband. 1732 Lediard Sethos II. vii. 17 Forasmuch as of all the countries included under the torrid zone .. those .. are the most expos'd. 1818 Cruise Digest {ed. 2) IV. 489 Forasmuch as then the lease would never be at an end. 1879 Butcher & Lang Odyss. 227 My friend, forasmuch as thou utterly beliest me. b. 1639 Ld. G. Digby Lett. cone. Relig. (1651) 37 For as much as belongs to that eating, we are neither defrauded of any good by not eating, nor enricht with any good by the eating of the sanctified bread, which, for as much as it hath of materials, goes into the belly. 1654 Ld. Orrery Parthen. (1676) 557 The latter, forasmuch as concerned his bringing off, was not difficult. t Fo'rastery. Obs. rare. In 7 forastiery. [ad. It. forestieria of same meaning, f. forestiere stranger, = Med.L. forastcri-us, f. foras out of doors.] The guest-house (of a monastery). 1604 R. Parsons 3 rd Pt. Three Convers. Eng. 246 A more learned Doctor..that came sometymes as a ghest to the forastiery of the said Monastery of Bury. + Fo'rate, v. Obs. [f. L. forat- ppl. stem of forare to bore, pierce.] trails. To perforate. 1657 Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 105 Well covered with a paper not forated. Foray (fjrrc 1 ), sb. Forms : a. 4-5 forray, (5 ferray), 5 forra, 5-7 forrey,(5 forey), 6 - 7 forreie, 9 foray. 0. 6 forrow. [See next vb.] 1. A hostile or predatory incursion or inroad, a raid. \ In, of foray, on a foray. Revived in the 19th c. by Sir Walter Scott. 1375 Barbour Bruce 11. 281 Sum sail wend to the forray. c 1400-20 Judicium (Roxb.l 7 Some at ayll howse I fande : and som of ferray. c 1470 Henry Wallace ix. 463 Thir four hundreth .. A forray kest and sessit mekill gud. c 1540 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camd. No. 29) 16 The forrow was., mainteyned every waye, without resistance. 1633 T. Staf¬ ford Pac. Hib. 1. xiii. 82 Had not our Horse been over¬ wearied with their long forrey. 1813 Scott Trierjn. 1. ii, The foray was long, and the skirmish hot. 1865 Livingstone Zambesi xxiii. 471 The continual forays of Mariano had spread ruin and desolation on our south-east. transf. and fig. 1822 W. Irving Braceb. Hall xxv, They [the rooks] are apt now and then to issue forth from their castles on a foray. 1850 D. G. M itchell Rever. of Bachelor (1852)258 Forbid those earnest forays over the borders of Now, and on what spoils would the soul live? + 2 . Booty taken in a foray ; prey. Also pi. c 1400 Destr. Troy 6 426 pat neuer of forray art full, c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vm. xl. 264 pai na gret Forrais made. 1598 Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. 11. vii. (1622) 148 Desirous to hunt after pillage and forreies. + 3. The advance-guard of an army. 0142$ Wyntoun Cron. vm. xl. 136 Willame of Dowglas, pat pan was Ordanyd in Forray for to pas. c 1470 Henry Wallace ix. 468 The forray tuk the pray, and past the playn, Towart the park. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 339 Neirby in sicht the forrow to reskew. 1577-87 Holinshkd Chron. III. 1216/2 The forreie was a little troubled with a fortie or fiftie Scots horssemen. Foray (fp're 1 ), v. Forms: 4-7forray, (4forra, 5 forr v e)y, 6 fory, forrow, 7 furrow), 9 foray. Pa. t. 6-7 forrai(e)d. [ultimately from Rom. *fodro (see Forage sb.) ; the precise formation and the mutual relation of the vb. and sb. are somewhat obscure. The supposition most free from difficulties is perh. that the sb. is f. the vb., and that the vb. is a back-formation from Forayer (the forms forrcrw,fu7-row, may come from the form furrour of the sb.). The alternative is to regard Foray so. as a derivative of OF. forrer to forage (see Forage sb.), and as having given rise to the Eng. vb.] 1 . trans. To scour or ravage (a country) in search of forage or booty ; to pillage; to seize and carry off (goods); to plunder the property of (a person). Revived in the 19th c. by Sir Walter Scott. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 1200 Stoken so strayt, pat pay ne stray my3t A fote fro pat forselet to forray no goudes. 1375 Barbour Britce xv. 511 Than gert he forray all the land. 1513 Douglas AEneis xr. x. 62 Enee ..A certane horsmen, lycht armyt for the nanis, Hes send befor for to forray the planis. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. xii. 3 Dead now was their foe, which them forrayed late. 1644 D. Hume Hist. Ho. Douglas 167 Hee was scarce retired, when Creighton., furrowed the lands of Corstorphin. 1810 Scott Lady of L. iv. xxiii, When Roderick foray'd Devanside. 1852 Miss Yonge Cameos I. xxxix. 333 Bruce forayed Cumberland. 2 . intr. To make a raid ; to forage; to pillage. 1375 Barbour Bruce xix. 643 Na we may forra for to get met. c 1450 Merlin 179 He herde telle that thei [the saisnes] come to forrey. c 1540 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camd. No. 29) 37 Certaine companies .. hearing, as they forrowed abroad, spoyling the countrey, that [etc.]. 1593 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1597) § 174 Sum quha nightlie and dailie rieuis, forrayis, and committis open thieft. 1813 Hogg Queen's Wake 196 To drive the deer of Otterdale, Or foray on the Border side. 1838 Prescott Ferd. Is. 1. xv. II. 162 The people of Granada, .foraying into the Christian territories. Hence Fo raying vbl. sb., the action of the vb. C1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xxx. 135 Withouten certayne scales pat er ordaynd for forraying. 1470-85 Malory A rthur v. ix. 175, I wyl that thou make the redy and goo thyder in foreyeng. 1591 Percivall Sp. Did., Tala , foraying, spoil¬ ing, Depopulatio. Forayer (fp'xehi). Forms: 4 forrier, for- reyer, ferrour, 4-5 forrayour, forrour, 4-6 -eour, 5 -ear, ferriour, -your, foreyour, 7 for- reiar, 9 forayer. [from two different sources: ME .forrier is a. OF. forrier: —med.L. type *fodra - Hus, f. *fodro fodder (see Forage sb.) ; ME. forrour, forreour , is a. OF. forreor, agent-n. f. forrer to forage. The two words coalesced, the trisyllabic forms alone surviving, and were re¬ garded as the agent-n. belonging to Foray v.] 1 . One who forays ; a forager, a raider. C1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 13228 He was cheftayn of fforreyers [orig. foriers]. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vm. xl. 144 De Forryowris pare hard ware sete. 1600 Holland Livy 11. xxxix. (1609) 69 Sending with forreiars certaine guides. 1805 Scott Last Minstr. iv. xvii, Light forayers, first, to view the ground, Spurr’d their fleet coursers loosely round. + 2 . A fore-goer, harbinger, messenger, or courier. 1340 Ayenb. 195 pe guode forriers pet nimep and agraypep pet hous of paradys to pe riche manne. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xx. 80 Kynd..sent forth his foreioures [v.rr. forreyours, forreouris, forreores] feures & fluxes [etc.]. 1549 Compl. Scot. xi. 99 Thai var re[n]contrit be the forreours and exploratours of the romanis. t Forba’n, v. obs.— 1 In 3 forbonne. [a. OF. forbannir: see next.] trans. To banish. a 1250 Owl «$• Night. 1093 He let forbonne pene cniht pat hadde idon so muchel unriht. + Forba'Xlish, v. Obs. [ad. OF. forbanniss- lengthened stem of forbannir, f. for-, For- pref. 3 + bannir to Banish.] trans. To banish; occas. with second obj. of place whence. Also, to dis¬ possess, disinherit. Hence Forbanished ppl. a. c 1320 SirBcucs 4309 (MS. A) pis for-banniiste man Is come to pe land a3an. c 1440 Jacob's Well 62 pei ben outelawyd, or for-banysched pe kynges lond. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon iii. 79 Yf ye haue forbanysshed vs, well we know it. + Forba'r, sb. Coal-mining. Obs. [f. For- (? pref. 2 ) + Bar sbi] = Barrier i g. ? 15.. in N. i$- Q. Ser. v. X. 307 [In Durham records (34th Rep. Dep. Keeper P. R. 207) is a reference to offences committed by miners in cutting through the ‘ forbarres ’ when working the mines of coal and iron ore.] t Forba'r, foreba'r, v. Obs. [ad. AF. for- barrer, {.for-, For- pref. 2 + barrer to bar.] 1 . trans. To hinder, obstruct, prevent, prohibit (an action, event, etc.); to withhold (a thing). a 1300 Cursor M. 8213 (Cott.) It es na thing pat mai for-barr his will. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 106 Handyl py synnes .. Elies forbarre pey pe blys of heune. 13.. Coer de L. 3514 Though he forbarre our vytayle.. Off us non schal dye for hungyr. c 1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 66 Anticrist hap forbarrid pe fredom of goddis lawe. C1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4547 Alle on strenthe pair thrist was sett, Oure batelle to forbarre. b. To bar, barricade, confine (a person); to ob¬ struct (a way). £1350 Will. Paleme 3333 Whi lete 3c foulli 3our fon for¬ barre 3011 her-inne. 1435 Misyn Fire of Love 11. v. 78 pe wast wildernes the way forbarris. 2 . To shut out; to bar, deprive, or exclude (a person); esp. in Law (see quot. 1607). Const, of, from, and with double object. [1292 Britton iv. ii § 11 Si homage ne le forbarre.] CX330 | I R. Brunnf. Chron. (1810) A4 Tille ilk a lordyng suld ward I & relefe falle, Bot tille pe kyng no ping, he was forbarred alle. I 1340 Ham bole Pr. Consc. 957 A man at pe last forbard may I be Of pe blisful world, c 1430 Lydg. Bochas vi. i. (1554) 146 b, 1 He was forbarred.. of vittayle. 1574 tr. Littleton's Tenures 40 b, The Lords nor none other shalbee forbarred of theire villaines. 1586 Ferne Blaz. Genirie 103 It was prouidentlye foreseene to forbarre euery person from the wearing of that coller except the Knight. 1671 F. Phillips Reg. Necess. 387 The Commons did Petition the King, That none of his Sub¬ jects be fore-barred of their due debts. absol. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 8284 Aftir Cnud regned Edwarde, Edeldrede sonn, naman forbarde. Hence Forbarring vbl. sb., the action of the vb. c 1449 Pecock Repr. iv. iii. 432 Myche forbarringof synnes, which ellis wolde come forth. 1502 Arnolds Chron. (1811) 287 My Lorde of Winchester, .in forbarring of the Kyngis hyghwaye lete drawe the chayne of the stulpis there. t Forbate, a. Obs. rare-'. [? f. OF. forb-er to counterfeit + -ate.] ? Counterfeit, imitation. 1558 Treasurer's Acc. in Lauder's Tractate (1864) Pref. 7, xxiiii ellis of forbate taffeteis of syndrie sortes of hewis. t Forba'the, v. Obs. [f. For- pref . 1 + Bathe zl] trans. To bathe deeply, imbrue. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Troy iii. xxvi, He on foote stode All forbathed in the grekes bloude. a 1547 Surrey VEneid 11. 765 Troye town.. VVhose shore hath been so oft for-bath'd in blood. 1563 Sackville Induct. Mirr. Mag. lxi., Con- querours hands forbathde in their owne blood. Forbear, forebear (foibe->-i, f6o\ibe°j), sb. (Originally Sc.) Forms: 6foirbear, 6-7 for(e)- beer, (6 forebeerar), 5- forbear, 6- forebear, [f. You-pref . 2 or Fore- pref. + Beer sb. 2 , lit. one who is or exists before.] An ancestor, forefather, progenitor (usually more remote than a grandfather). £1470 Henry Wallace i. 21 His forbearis. .Of hale lynage, and trew lyne of Scotland. 1578-1600 Scot. Poems 16th C. II. 159 For in thisseiknes I was borne And my forebeerars me beforne. 1623 Lisle VElfric on O. $ N. Test. Pref. P 17 Looke back a little to this outworne dialect of our forebeers. 1782 Burns Death Malie 39 So may they [sheep] like their great Forbears, For monie a year come thro the sheers. 1816 Scott Antiq. xl, This Roland Cheyne .. was my forbear. 1883 D. C. Murray Hearts I. 53 A yeoman whose forbears had once owned the land. Forbear (fpube->u), v. Pa. t. -bore (-b 5 »u), pa. pple.-borne (-bofjn). Forms: see For pref . 1 and Bear v.; in pa. t. also rarely 5 forbored, 6-beared. [OE. forberan ( = OHG. far-, -fer-, forberan, MHG. verbern to restrain, abstain, Goth .frabairan to endure, support) see For- prefO- and Bear v.] 41 . trans. To bear, endure, submit to. Obs. c 1000 /Elfric Horn, in Grein-Wflicker Prosa III. 72 Se mildheorta haelend pe swa inicel forbaer for us synfullum. c 1386 Chaucer Merch. T. 938, I may not .. Forbere to ben out of your compagnie. 1570 E. Elviden Newyeres Gift 304 His bounden duetie is For to forbeare the payne. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iv. i. 114 b, Hunting .. being an. .occasion to use men. .to forbeare heate and cold. f 2 . To bear with, have patience with, put up with, tolerate. Obs. (but cf. sense 8). C897 K. jElfred Gregory's Past. xxi. 150 Deah hit mon cu 51 ice wiete, hit is to forberanne. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt, xvii. 17 Hu lange for-bere ic eow. C1175 Lamb. Horn. 95 He..forbere monna hufelnesse purh his liSnesse. a 1225 Ancr. R. 218 UnSeawes, pet he er uorber ase he ham nout nuste. 1340 Ayenb. 148 panne pe guode man .. berep and uorberep alneway pe foies. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iii. vi. 54 The plente of his grace that hath the forborne. 1526-34 Tindale Rev. ii. 2 Thou cannest not forbeare them which are evyll. 1624 Capt. Smith Virginia iii. ix. 79, I haue forborne your insolencies. 1742 Young Nt. Th. 11. 607, I then had wrote What friends might flatter : pru¬ dent foes forbear. + 3 . To bear up against, control (emotion or de¬ sire). Also refl. to control one’s feelings. Obs. Beowulf 1877 (Gr.) paet he bone breostwylm forberan ne mehte. a 1000 Guthlac 775 (Gr.) [Hi] firenlustas forberaS in breostum. ^1230 Hali Meid. 17 Onont ti fleschliche wil & ti licomes lust pat tu forberes her. a 1300 Cursor M. 24427 (Cott.) Quen i sagh pus all thinges skurn, vn-feland for pair lauerd murn, moght i me noght for-ber. c 1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 5005 His sorow might not be forborn. + b. absol. or intr. for ref. c 888 K. iELFRED Booth, xxxfr. § 1 Hwa maeg forbaeran paet he pact ne siofige. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 15 Ne beo pu nefre ene wra 5 per fore, ah forber for drihtenes luue. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 526 The king ne mi3te tho uorbere, that he ne wep atte laste. C1300 Beket 72 Hi ne mi3te forbere nomore; And wope also pitousliche. f 4 . To endure the absence or privation of; to dispense with, do without, spare (a person or thing). Obs. C900 tr. BaedcCs Hist. 1. xvi. [xxvii.] (1890) 70 Forpon seo asftere cneoris.. alle ^emete is to forbeorenne & to forlaetenne. £•1330 Assump. Virg.{ BM. MS.) 60 peo pat in pe temple were Ne mi3teno3t hire forbere. 1469 Past071 Lett. No. 607 II. 348 Y fc lytyll [money] yt I myght forbere.. I haue delyu r yd to Dawbeney. 1477 Ibid. No. 787 III. 175 Jf Syme myght be forborn it wer well done that he [etc.]. 1562 Bulleyn Bk. Simples 30 a, He is the beste bonde slave in the common wealthe, and least can be forborne. 1667 Milton P.L. ix. 747 Fruits. .Whose taste,too long forborn, at first assay Gave elocution to the mute. + b. To give up, part with or from, lose. Obs. 13.. Coer de L. 419 Hys styropes he forbare. c 1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 146 Sith I haue this hert lorn, And my goode men forborn. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Troy 1. vi, She hath for¬ bore Her maydenhead. 1590 Spenser F. Q. ii. i. 53 Whenas my wombe her burdein would forbeare. f c. To avoid, shun ; to keep away from or keep from interfering with; to leave alone. Obs. FORBEAR. 416 FORBID. n 1300 Cursor M. 14560 (Cott.) pe land o Iude he has for- born. c 1386 Chaucer Knt's T. 27, I vvolde yovvhaue toold .. Hut al that thyng I moot as now forbere. c 1470 Henry Wallace 1. 259 Scho. . Forbure the gate for wachis that war thar. _ 1581 Savile Tacitus Hist. 1. ii, Offices of honour likewise either to beare them, or forbeare them [was a capitall crime]. 1598 Yong Diana 220 Forbeare us a little, .for I will not have you beare witnes to the love that I have to impart. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts 755 The beast it selfe liueth euermore in shadowy places, forbearing the sun. 1628 Ford Loi’crs Mel . 111. ii, Forbear the room. 1673 Temple Observ. United Prov. Wks. 1731 I. 17 The People in the Country forbear the Market. 5 . To abstain or refrain from (some action or procedure); to cease, desist from. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 39 Mune3e<5 hem ofte unSewes to forberen and gode }?eawes to fol3en. a 1300 Cursor M. 3454 (Cott.) pat |?ai moght noght pair strif for-bere. c 1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 355 And I myghte forbere speche, Seven dayes and seven nyght. 1552 Abp. Hamilton Catcch. (1884) 30 Forbeare the eting of swynis flesche. 1655 Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camden) II. 223, I forebore pressing them further. 1722 De Foe Plague (1756) 51 All public Assem¬ blies at other Burials are to be forborn during the Con¬ tinuance of this Visitation. 1810 Scott Lady of L. 11. xxxiv, Madman, forbear your frantic jar ! 1867 Whittier Our Master\v , The strife of tongues forbear. 6. absol. and intr. To abstain, refrain. Const. to (also \biif) with inf., also from, ffor, \of c 1375 XI Pains //^//(Vernon) no in O. E. Misc. 226 To heere godus wordus pei han for-born, c 1400 Rom. Rose 4751 It is a slowe ( 7 . e. a moth], may not forbere Ragges, ribaned with gold, to were, c 1449 Pecock Repr. 1. xiv. 78 Y must here therof abstene and forber. 1529 More Dyaloge iv. Wks. 286/1 On the morow forbare I to speake with hym. 1598 Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. in. v. (1622)72 The Dictator .. forbare somtime for making any more [lawes]. 1658 W. Burton Comment. I tin. Antonin. 8, I cannot forbear but transcribe all of it hither. 1676 Hobbes Iliad 1. 402 From War forbear, a 1745 Swift Hen. /. Lett. 1768 IV. 278 He commanded his soldiers to forbear. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 1591*6 Few have repented of having forborne to speak. 1787 A. Hilditch Rosa de Montmorien I. 140 De Beaufort, whom Strickland could not forbear of accusing of unwarrantable caprice. 1841 Elphinstone Hist. Ind. II. 315 He would have incurred more blame .. if he had forborne from attempting to recover them. 1878 B. Taylor Deukalion 1. iv, Forbear ! The knowledge must be mine alone. 1879 M. Arnold Falkland Mixed Ess. 234 The lovers of Hampden cannot forbear to extol him at Falkland’s expense. t b. Naut . (See quots.) Obs. 1627 Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. vi. 27 Forbeare is to hold still any oare you are commanded. 1727-90 Bailey, Forbear [Sea Term], a Word of Command in a Ship’s Boat. 7 . Hans. To refrain from using, uttering, men¬ tioning, etc.; to withhold, keep back. + Formerly const, from , to , or dative. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1355 As J?e truage to rome pat non vorbore nere. a 1300 Cursor M. 693 (Gott.)pe scorpion forbar his tunge Fra bestis pat he layemonge. C1430 Lydg. Ckichev. Bye. in Dodsley O. PI. XII. 334 Meke wyfes.. That neither can at beddeneboordTheyrhusbondes nat forbere oon woord. 1580 Tusser Husb. xiii. (1878) 29 The west [wind] to all flowers may not be forborne. 1590 Marlowe Edw. II, v. v, Stay a while ; forbear thy bloody hand, a 1619 Fotherby Atheom. 1. ii. § 2 (1622) 11 Wee are forced to forbeare the strongest of our Authorities. 1676 Hobbes Iliad 1. 206 Hold then. Your sword forbear. 1709 Hearne Collect. 4 Apr., Charlet could not forbear his Venom. 1725 Pope Odyss. 1. 437 Forbear that dear, disastrous name. 1808 Southey in Lett. (1856) II. 115 You may repent a sarcasm,—you never can repent having forborne one. 1884 Ruskin Pleasures Eng. 16 note. Gibbon.. might have forborne, with grace, his own definition of orthodoxy. b. reft. To restrain oneself, refrain, rare. 1 S 35 Coverdale Esther (Apocr.) xvi. 12 He coude not forbeare him self from his pryde. 1611 Bible 2 Chron. xxxv. 21 Forbeare thee from medling with God. 1852 Miss Yonge Cameos I. vi. 42 If it be so, forbear thyself to fight. 1865 Merivale Rom. Emp. VIII. lxviii. 370, I forbear myself from entering the lists. 8. To abstain from injuring, punishing, or giving way to resentment against (a person or thing) ; to spare, show mercy or indulgence to. Now rare . Cf. sense 2, to which this closely approaches. 1154 O. Em Citron, an. 1137 Ouer sithon ne for-baren hi nouther circe ne cyreeicerd. c 1275 Serm. (Cott.) in O. E. Misc. 188 pes persones ich wene, Ne beopheo no3t for-bore. x 393 Langl. P . PI. C. iv. 430 He .. For-bar hym and hus beste bestes. c 1470 Henry Wallace 1.169 No for the Pape thai wald no kyrkis forber. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 765 His maister gave him in charge not to forbeare his rest, a 1532 Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Q v b, The quyeke fire doth not forbeare the wod be it wette or drye. 1606 Bryskett Civ. Life 27, 1 craue to be forborne in this your request. 1618 Raleigh in Four C. Eng. Lett. 37, I forbare all partes of the Spanish Indies. 1665 Sir T. Roc's Voy. E. Ind. 438 That scruple they make in forbear¬ ing the lives of the Creatures made for men’s use. 1745 De Foe's Eng. Tradesm. (1841) I. xiv. 125 He knows whom he may best push at, and whom best forbear. 1855 Milman Lat. Chr. (1864) V. ix. vii. 357 Those who had so long been forborne in mercy. 1887 Bowen Virg. Eclog. x. 50 Ah, may the splinters icy thy delicate feet forbear ! + b. Const. of {a thing). Obs. c 1275 Passion Our Lord 158 in O. E. Misc. 41 Vader. .if hit may so beo, Of pis ilche calche nv forber pu me. 1529 More Comf. agst. Trib. 11. Wks. 1194/1 He would pray God forbeare him of the remenaunt. c. intr. (or absol.) To be patient or forbearing; to show forbearance. Const, with. 1 he proverbial phrase to bear and forbear, now taken in this sense, was orig. traits.: see quot. 1340 in sense 2. 1591 Shaks. Two Gent. v. iv. 27 Loue, lend me patience to forbeare a while. 1683 Apol. Prot. France v. 66 He for¬ bore beyond all Patience. 1725 Pope Odyss. 11. 247 With patience I forbear. 1782 Cowi-f.r Mnt. Forbearance, The kindest and the happiest pair Will find occasion to forbear. 1826 E. Irving Babylon II. 363 He forbore with Austria. 1842 Tennyson Two Voices 2^8 Some .. Bore and forbore; and did not tire. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C . xv, She . .forebore with his failings. 9 . trans. To refrain from enforcing, pressing, or demanding; not to urge, press, insist on, or exact. Sometimes with double obj. Now rare. Also intr. with of. 1570 Abp. Parker Corr. (1852J374 ,1 am driven to forbear of my ancient rights. 1583 Whitgift Let. in Fuller Ch. Hist. ix. v. § 9 Desiring your Lordships .. to forbear my comming thither. 1633 Ford 'Tis Pity hi. ii, Let me advise you here to forbear your suit. 1643 Prynne Sov. Power Pari. 11. 20 That all the Acts of Oxenford, should from thenceforth be utterly forborne and annulled. 1649 Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 49, I desire you to forbear my reasons, till the next return. 1756 Johnson Life K. of Prussia Wks. IV. 542 The claim was forborn. 1858 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. (1865) I. hi. v. 170 And the Corpus-Christi idolatries were forborne the Margraf and his company this time. b. esp. To abstain from enforcing the payment of (money) after it has become due. Now rare. 1570 Act 13 Eliz. c. 8 § 5 Any Money so to be lent or for¬ born. 1664 W. Haig in J. Russell Haigs x. (1881) 273 ,1 can have a friend here that will .. forbear it [money] a year and a half. 1674 Jeake Arith. (1696) 577 If an Annuity be for¬ born, the Paiments increase as well as the Interest. 1827 Hutton Course Math. I. 129 The money lent, or forborn, is called the Principal. 1845 Stephen Comm . La7us Eng. (1874) II. 161 Such [debts] as were incurred or forborne by means of fraud. absol. 1856 Bouvier Law Diet. s. v., When the creditor agrees to forbear with his debtor. Forbea’rable a. [f. Forbear zj. + -able.] fa. Ready to forbear, patient, indulgent {obs.). b. That may be forborne or dispensed with. 1465 Fasten Lett. No. 518 II. 216 ,1 founde the juges ryght gentell and forberable to me. 1803 W. Taylor in A nn. Rev. I. 362 The commerce of inland towns consists in the manu¬ facture of forbearable articles. Forbearance (f^-ibe^rans). [f.asprec. + -ance. Originally (like abearance) a legal term (sense 3), which accounts for the hybrid formation.] 1 . The aetjon or habit of forbearing, dispensing with, refraining or abstaining from (some action or thing). Const, of, from, to with inf. 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI, 11. iv. 19 Tut, tut, here is a mannerly forbearance. 1593 — Rich. II, iv. i. 120 True Noblenesse would Leame him forbearance from so foule a Wrong. 1627-77 Feltham Resolves 1. xxvi. 45 Bad, both in action, and forbearance ! 1634 Canne Necess. Separ. (1849) 95, I might here instance Daniel’s forbearance of the king’s meats. 1750 Johnson Rambler No. 19 TP 3 Without any .. remarkable forbearance of the common amusements of young men. 1765 H. Walpole Otranto iv. (1798) 65 His forbear¬ ance to obey would be more alarming. 1825 T. Jefferson Autobiog. Wks. 1859 L 3p Laws which rendered criminal.. the forbearance of repairing to church, a 1871 Grote Eth. Fragm. i. (1876) 12 The various acts and forbearances which a man supposes to constitute the sum of his duty. 2 . Forbearing conduct or spirit; patient endur¬ ance under provocation ; indulgence, lenity. 1599 Porter Angry Worn. Abingd. (Percy Soc.) 41 Com- mending the vertue of patience or forbearance. 1645 Bp. Hall Remedy Discontents 43 If their sufferings be just, my forbearances are mercifull. 1741 Middleton Cicero II. x. 412, I have now put an end to my forbearance of him. 1831 Brewster Newton (1855) II. xxiv. 314 The man of the world treats the institutions of religion with more respect and forbearance. 3 . Abstinence from enforcing what is due, esp. the payment of a debt. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 385 You are forced (because of credit and forbearaunce) to give a greater price. 1590 Recorde, etc. Gr. A rts (1640) 495 What is wonne or lost in the 100 pound forbearance for 12 moneths. 1691 Locke Lovjcr. Interest Wks. 1727 II. 31 In Debts and Forbear¬ ances, where Contract has not settled it between the Parties. 1773 Act 13 Geo. Ill, c. 63 § 30 No Subject, .shall, .take .. above the Value of twelve Pounds for the Forbearance of one hundred Pounds for a Year. 1827 Hutton Course Math. I. 129 Interest is the premium or sum allowed for the loan, or forbearance of money. Prov. 1599 Porter Angry Worn. Abingd. (Percy Soc.) 41 Forbearance is no quittance. 1667 Milton P. L. x. 53 He. .soon shall find Forbearance no acquittance. + 4 . Comb.: forbearance money, money paid to a creditor (in addition to the interest) for allow¬ ing the repayment of a loan to be deferred beyond the stipulated time. 1668 Sedley Mulberry Card. ii. ii, Thou and I might live comfortably on the forbearance money, and let the interest run on. 1751 E. Haywood Betsy Thoughtless II. xiv. 155 It must be that she has kept it [the penalty of a bond] off by large interest and forbearance-money. transf. ( allusively ). 1814 Scott Drama{iftj4) 220 Foote.. was only anxious to extort forbearance-money from the timid. Forbearant (ffXibe->'rant), a. [f. as prec. + -ant.] Forbearing, indulgent, patient. 1642 R. Harris Serm. Ps. x. 14,17 p. 32 God is Wisdome it selfe ; and therefore forbearant. 1830 Examiner 419/2 The temper of George IV may have been forbearant. 1859 Smiles Self Help xii. (1860)342 The world at large is not so for¬ bearant. Hence Forbearantly adv. 1855 in Ogilvie Suppl., whence in mod. Diets. Forbearer(f^ibeo*r9i). [f.FouBEAR^. +-erF] One who or that which forbears. 1570 Act 13 Eliz. c. 8 § 5 Contracts .. whereupon is not reserved, .to the Lender, Contracter, Shifter, Forbearer or Deliverer, above the Sum of ten Pound. 1580 Tusser Husb. xiii. (1878] 29 The West [wind] as a father all goodnesse doth bring. The East a forbearer, no manner of thing. 1642 J. Ball Anszv. Canne Pref., Hee lived and dyed a strict forbearer .. of all such corruptions. 1755 Johnson, For¬ bearer, an intermitter ; interceptor of any thing. Forbearing’ (f^-ibeR-rii]), vbl. sb. [f. as prec. 4 -ing b] The action of the vb. Forbear. 13.. K. Alt's. 3826 There was yeve no forberyng; By- tweone favasour and kyng. 13.. Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. xxxii. 780 Worschupe j?ou folly fflesch-fadur. .And )>at in two Maner of hinges : In boxumnesse and for-berynges. c 1440 Hylton Scala Pcrf. (W. de W. 1494) 1. Ixxxi, What is synne but a wanting or a forberyng of good. 1529 Supplic. to King 41 Forbearinge of bodely workes & kep- inge ydle holy dayes. 1533 More Apol. xii. 91b, The leuyng out of felonye, sacrylege, & murder, is rather a token of wylynes then any forbering or fauour. 1570 Act 13 Eliz. c. 8 § 5 The Loan or forbearing of a hundred Pound for one Year. 1641 Hinde J. Brucn v. 16 The for¬ bearing of meats and drinks. 1659 Hammond On Ps. x. 13 Paraphr. 55 Thy longanimity in forbearing of wicked men. Forbearing (fpjbeo rig), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing 2 .] That forbears ; patient under provoca¬ tion, long-suffering; + abstinent. c 1425 Eng. Conquest Irel. xxxvi. (1896) 88 He was .. [of] mete, & of drynke ful meen & for-berynge. 1611 Bible 2 Tim. ii. 24 The seruant of the Lord must not striue : but bee gentle vnto all men .. patient [marg. Or, forbearing]. 1782 Cowper Table T. 401 There is a time .. For long-for¬ bearing clemency to wait. 1853 C. Bronte Villette x. (1876) 85 Madame Beck was. .forbearing with all the world. Hence Forbearingly adv., Forfoearingness. 1831 Examiner 660/2 The fitness of whipping Mr. Muir was .. forbearingly negatived. 1855 Clarke Diet., For- bearingness. 1874 Helps Soc. Press, xxv. (1875) 406 Con¬ siderations of pity, tenderness, and forbearingness. + Forbea’t, V. Obs . For forms see Beat v. [f, For- pref . 1 + Beat vi] a. traits. To beat severely; to cover with bruises or stripes, b. To beat down, overcome, c. pa. pple. only. Of a path; Well- beaten or trodden. 1393 Langl. P. PI. c. xxiii. 198 So elde and hue hit hadde a-feynted and forbete. c 1420 Anturs of Arth. Ii, Alle blake was thayre brees, forbetun with brandis. c 1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 29 Al his fleisch bloodi for-bete. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 11. lxxii. (1869) 103 Thou art not the firste pilgrime .. the wey is al forbeten. c 1470 Harding Chron. xxxiv. v, This king .. Came home agayn .. All for¬ beten. Forbecause *• see Because A. i and B. 1. + Fo'rbed, ppl. a. [f. *forbe, a. OF .forbir (see Furbish z/.) +-ed 1.] ^Furbished. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iv. xxxvi. 84 The honoure of suche persones is clene forbed harneys. + Forbehe’st. Obs .~~ 1 [f. For- pref? + Be¬ hest.] A promise previously given. a 1400 Prymer in Masked Mon. Kit. (1875) II. 75 That we he maad worthi to the forbiheestis of crist. t Forbi'd, sb. Obs. rare. [f. next vb.] A for¬ bidding. (Cf. Forbode sb.) 1602 W. Watson Decacordon 338 For what is more in- nouate preposterous, and beyond all gods forbid, then this new fanglenes in you to prefer [etc.]. 1740 Cheyne Regimen ii. 72 With what an evident Forbid, the Jewish Law directs this permit of animal Food. Forbid (fprbrd), v. Pa. t. forbad, forbade (-bard); pa. pple. forbidden (-bi’d’n). Forms : Infin. 1-2 forbeodan {north, forbeada), 2-4 for- beoden, 3-5 forbede(n, -yn, (4 -bedd, -beed, 5 -bidde, -bide, -byde), 4-6 Sc. forbeid, (7 for- bidd), 4- forbid. Pa. 1 .1 forbead, 2-3 forbead, (3 -beed, -bet(t),3-5 forbed(e, forbode,(4 -baad, -badde, -bed, -beed), 5 -bat (6, 7 -bod(de), 6-8 forbid, 4- forbad, forbade. Pa. pple. 1 for- boden, 3-6forbode(n, (5 -bade,-bed(e), 5-8 for- bod(de(n, 6-9 forbid, 6- forbidden. Also weak pa. t. 4 forbedde, -bedid, pa. pple. 5 forbedd. [OE. forbeodan, pa. t .forbdad, pi. - bndon, pa. pple. forboden, f. For- pref . 1 + biodan to Bid; =OFris. forbiada, Du. verbieden, OHG. far-, forpiotan (MHG. and Ger. verbieten), Goth, fanrbiudan. Cf. ON. fyrirbi&ba .] 1 . trans. To command (a person or persons) not to do, have, use, or indulge in (something), or not to enter (a place); to prohibit. In many diverse constructions. a. with double object, of the person (orig. dative), and of the thing prohibited. Also in pass, with either the person or the thing as subject; in the latter case, the indirect obj., if a sb., is preceded by to. O. E. Chron. an. 1048 And cwae ’5 pet se papa hit him for- hoden hrnfde. xt 1175 Cott. iinm. 223 Hwi for-bead 3eu god J>es trowes westm. c 1250 Gen. <$• Ex. 2984 Anon Sis foie fore he for-bead. a 1300 Cursor ii. 13029 (Cott.) He for¬ bedd him ]>at womman. c 1330 R. Brunnf. Chron. H’acc (Rolls) 9158 He .. pat Jreym ]>e lond furst furbed. c 1386 Chaucer Wife’s Prol. 519 Forbeed us thing, and that desire we. c 1394 P. PI. Crede 769 God wold .. fals freres [were] forboden pe fayre ladis chaumbresl 1450 1530 Myrr. our Ladye 21 "That is forboden vs by holy chirche. 1529 Rastf.ll Pastyme, Hist. Rom. (1811) 29 It was ordeynyd that preestis Grekes myght haue wyfis, which to preestis Latens was forboden. 1597 Shaks. Lovers Compl. 164 To be forbid the sweets that seemes so good. 1609 Douland Ornith. Microl. 20 There he some other Internals, very rare, and forbidden to yong beginners. 1697 Dryden rEncid vi. 760 1 'he chaste and holy Race Are FORBID. 417 FORBLOW. all forbidden this polluted Place. 1710 Lady M. W. Mon¬ tagu Let. Burnet 20 July, My sex is usually forbid studies of this nature.* 1793 Cowper On Spaniel Beau ii, Against my orders, whom you heard Forbidding you the prey. 1838 Lytton Leila 1. ii, When strength and courage are forbid me. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 351 The archbishop., had long been forbidden the court. 1853 J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. (1873) II. 1. iv. 18^ Their [the Turks’] religion forbids them every sort of painting. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. vi, Will you forbid him the house where I know he is safe ? b. with personal object (in OE. either dat. or accus .) and an infinitive (formerly with for to ; rarely without to) as second object. c xooo Ags. Gosp. Matt. xix. 14 Nelle &e hi^ for-beodan cuman to me. c 1200 Ormin 6499 Till Herode king om^asnn He pe3}m forrbaed to turrnenn. a 1225 Ancr. R. 54 pe eppel paet ich loke on is forbode me to etene,.& nout forto biholden. 1382 Wyclif Acts xvi. 6 Thei. .weren forbodyn of the Hooly Gost for to speke the word of God in Asya. c 1450 tr. De Iviitatione 1. xxv, He lackip inwarde comfort, & he is forboden to seke eny outwarde. 1562 Bulleyn Dial. Soatmes <$• Chir. 42 b, We be also forboden to use repercussiues. 1611 Shaks. Wint. T. 1. ii. 427 You may as well Forbid the Sea for to obey the Moone. 1618 J. Davie9 Wits Pilgr. (Grosart) 19/1 But .. I am forbod .. to tell it you. 1817 Ld. Ellenborough in Maule & Selwyn Rep. VI. 316 He distinctly forbids the defendants to accept any more of their drafts. + c. with personal obj. and negative clause. Obs. O. E. Chron. an. 675 Swa ic for beode pe an d ealle pe biscopas pe aefter $e cumon..paet ge nan onsting ne hauen of paet mynstre. a 1225 Ancr. R. 256 Ich forbeode ou pet non of ou ne ileue pes deofles sondesmon. c 1275 Passio7i 581 in O. E. Misc. 53 Iesus .. hire po for-bed, pat heo attryne ne scolde his honde ne his fet. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 85 By pese trees pe grete kyng Alexander was forbode, pat he schulde neuere come in Babylon. 1599 Shaks. Pass. Pilgr. 124 She silly Queene. . Forbad the boy he should not passe those grounds. d. with omission of personal object, and with the thing prohibited expressed (a) by sb. or pron. (+ const, from) ; (b) by an infinitive; ( c) by an obj.-sentence (in early use with a negative, which the later idiom omits); (d) by object and infinitive. (a) c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 115 He seal, .heordom for-beodan. ri2oo Trin. Coll. Horn. 13 pe holie boc hit forbet. 1340 Ayenb. 8 Ine pis heste ys uorbede zenne of hate. 1477 Norton Ord. A Ich. i. in Ashm. (1652) 15 Almighty God From Great Doctours hath this Science forbod. 1533 Elyot Cast. Helthe (1539) 78 b, Wyne is not to be forboden. 1671 Lady M. Bertie in 12 tk Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 23 They say the King hath put out a Proclamation to for¬ bid maskerades. 1730 A. Gordon MaJfeVs Amphith. 67 In the Year 325, Gladiators were expressly forbid. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 21 V. 34, I. .think that the Lacedaemonian law¬ giver was right in forbidding pleasure. ( b ) 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. B. 1147 To defowle hit euer vpon folde fast he forbedes. 1526-34 Tindale Luke xxiii. 2 For- biddynge to paye tribute to Cesar. 1723 State of Russia II. 282 For which reason he had forbidden to carry anybody of his Majesty’s Retinue over the River. (c) c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xxiii. 2 For-beodende paet man am casere gafol ne sealde. 1297 R* Glouc. (1724) 496 The ing. .vorbed that me ne ssolde non of is lond so we. 1340 Ayenb. 8 pis heste uorbyet pet non ne ssel sla3e opren. 1450- 1530 Myrr. our Ladye 71 Yt is forboden vnder payne of cursynge, that no man shulde haue ne drawe eny texte of holy scrypture in to Englysshe. 1619 Brent tr. Sarpi’s Counc. Trent iv. (1629) 355 It was forbid, .that the Patrone . .should not make the presentation to any but the Bishop. 1658 W. Burton Comment. I tin. Antonin. 121 He forbad that not any body should, .use a silver drinking cup. (d) 1382 Wyclif Luke xxiii. 2 Forbedinge tributis to be 3ouun to Cesar. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. 11. xxvi. 137 Another Law, that forbiddeth it to be put in execution. 1763 J. Brown Poetry <$* Mus. v. 75 This [the Swiss] Song . .is forbid to be sung among their Regiments hired in the Service of other Nations. 1865 Knight Sch. Hist. Eng. iv. 115 The governor of the Castle forbad the Church Service to be performed. e. with the personal object only. Const, frotti , f of (a. thing). Now rare. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 27 He pe wule forbeode of his e}ane onsiht. 13 .. Coer de L. 3795 In Godys name I thee for- bede..Ryche ne pore lat non leve. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) viii. 87 Therefore wolde he [David] make the Temple in that place: but oure Lord forbade him. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 8 b, I forbede all syngular persones from the studyenge of this treatyse. 1533 J. Heywood Pardoner F. Bij b, Of all temporall seruice are we forbode. 1596 Spenser F. Q. vi. vi. 18 Whom though he oft forbad, Yet for no bidding .. Would he restrayned be from his attende- ment. 1840 Thirlwall Greece VII. 117 The soldiers wished to take part in it also; and, though forbidden, forced their way into the palace. 1841 Lane Arab. Nts. I. 122 He forbade both men and women from entering them. 1851 Hussey Papal Power ii. 61 He forbad Hilary Bishop of Narbonne from all metropolitan rights. f. absol. or with ellipsis of both objects. 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI, 1. iii. 19 Haue patience Noble Duke, I may not open, The Cardinall of Winchester forbids! 1667 Milton P. L. v. 62 Forbid who will, none shall from me withhold Longer thy offerd good. 2 . In various modified uses, a. fig. To exclude, keep back, hinder, restrain. Now chiefly of circumstances, conditions, etc.: To constitute a prohibition or imperative reason against; to render impossible or undesirable. cxooo Ags. Ps. cxix. 101 (Spelm.) Fram eallum wege yfelu ic forbead fet mine, a 1340 Hampole Psalter xxxiii. 13 For bede pi tonge fra ill. 1388 Wyclif Jer. v. 25 3 oure synnes forbediden good fro 30U. 1573 Barf.t Alv. F 847 To forbidde, to lette, to stoppe, inhibeo. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 596 The way to hasten the Breeding of Salt-Petre, is to forbid the Sunne, and the Growth of Vegetables. 1607 VOL. IV. Dryden Vtrg. Georg . in. 740 Clouds of smouldring Smoke forbad the Sacrifice. 1715-20 Pope Iliad xii. 148 Whose spreading arms.. Forbid the tempest and protect the ground. 1750 Gray Elegy xvii, Th’ Applause of list’ning Senates to command. .Their Lot forbad. 1799 Sheridan Pizarro iv. i, The state I left her in forbids all hope. 1863 Fr. A. Kemble Rcsid. in Georgia 19 A pool, that effectually forbids the foot of the explorer. 1869 J. Martineau Ess. II. 138 His limits forbade him to draw copiously. 1870 Huxley Crit. <$■ Addr. (1890) 51 The Bible .. forbids the veriest hind ..to be ignorant of the existence of other countries and other civilizations. b. In deprecatory phr. God , Heaven , the Lord forbid , usually with a clause or sentence as direct object, rarely with an indirect object; also absol. as an exclamation. a 1225 After. R. 8 pet God forbeode ou. a 1300 Cursor M. 4372 (Cott.) Godd forbedd i suld him suike. 1375 Barbour Bruce xii. 255, I warne 30W of a thing, To happyn thamme (as god forbeid !) c 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. 910 Thisbe , God forbede but a woman can Ben as trewe and lovynge as a man. a 1400-50 Alexander 5590 Nay, dri^tin for-bede l c 1470 Henry Wallace v. 624 Gret God forbede it suld be so with this. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) 11 . 760 Our Lorde forbid that ye love together the worsse for the selfe same cause that ye ought to love together the better, c 1592 Marlowe Massacre Paris 1. iii, The Heavens forbid your highness such mishap ! 1601 Shaks. Twel. N. ir. ii. 19 Fortune forbid my out-side haue not charm’d her. 1606 — Tr.HfCr . 11. iii. 208 This L[ord]goetohim? Jupiter forbid. 1611 Bible i Chron. xi. 10 My God forbid it mee that I should doe this thing. — Gal. ii. 7 God forbid. 1712-4 Pope Rape Lock iv. 105 Gods ! shall the ravisher display your hair, While the Fops envy. .Honour forbid ! 1738 — Epil. Sat. 1. 105 Good Heav'n forbid, that I should blast their glory. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 34 Do you mean a knowledge of shoemaking ? God forbid. + c. with weakened sense: To argue or give one’s opinion against. Obs. c 1205 Lay. 30244 Summe hit gonnen raeden summe to for-beoden. fd. To deny, refuse. Obs. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke vi. 29 Ne for-beod him no pine tunecan. c 1205 Lay. 30226 WhaSer he hit wolde iunne o 5 er him for-beode. 1483 Cath. Atigl. 137/2 To Forbed, abdicare , abnuere. f e. To defy, challenge. 1588 Bp. Andrewes Serm. 1 Tim. vi. 17-19, I forbid them . to shew mee in Rhemes or in Rome .. such a shew as we have seene here these last two daies. + f. To lay under a ban, curse, interdict. 1605 Shaks. Macb. 1. iii. 21 He shall liue a man forbid. 1819 B. Cornwall Dram. Scenes , Werner ii, Oh, I shall pass .. my time in solitude, .a man forbidden, t 3 . To countermand. Obs. rare. 1665 Sir W. Coventry in Pepys ’ Diary VI. 106 Some [ships] were ordered and others forbid. 14 . To put off for a time, to postpone. Obs. [Perh. another word (l ^for-bide), or an erroneous use : Caxton has forborn , which expresses the sense.] 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 339 Iosue .. renewede pe circumsicioun pat was forbode fourty ^ere in wyldernesse. Ibid. III. 51 Olympiades. .was i-holde ones in fyue 3ere, lesth he schulde be for3ete and it were lengere forbode. t Forbi’d,///. a. Obs. = Forbidden. Forbid tree (see quot. 1662). 1592 Davies Immort. Soul Introd. vii, By tasting of that Fruit forbid. 1662 Pepys Diary 14 Aug., Many trees there [Forest of Dean] left at a great fall in Edward the Third's time, by the name of forbid-trees, which at this day are called vorbid trees. + Forbiddable, a. Obs .-' 1 [f. Forbid v. + -able.] That may be forbidden. c 1449 Pecock Repr. 470 In which thei ben forbedable. Forbiddal. nonce-ivd. [f. Forbid v. + -al.] The act of forbidding. 1835 Lytton Rienzi m. ii, Nay, sweet lady mine, no forbiddal! Forbiddance (fpibi-dans). [f. as prec. + -ance.] The action of forbidding, an instance of this; prohibition, interdiction; also, a command or edict against (something). 1608-xi Bp. Hall Epist. v, Forbiddance doth but whet desire. 1739 Cibber Apol. (1756) 1 .180 This absolute forbid¬ dance of what they had more mind to have been entertain’d with. 1855 R. Boyle B. v. Wiseman 26 The act of for¬ biddance to say mass. 1873 Ouida Pascarel I. 98 My father’s forbiddance had taken from me many of my old pleasures. Forbidden (fpibrd’n), ppl. a. [pa. pple. of Forbid &.] In senses of the vb. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 35 pe forbodene appel. ax 300 Cursor M. 19861 (Cott.) Forboden beistes war [sc. pai] in lede. c 1465 Eng. Chron. (Camden 1856) 57 That the said maister Thomas sholde say massis in forboden .. placez. 1513 Douglas VEneis 1. ix. 128 Quhen scho to Troy forbodyn hymeneus socht. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. ii. i. 26 Before we enter his forbidden gates. 1619 Brent tr. Sarpi's Counc. Trent iii. (1629) 293 To eate. .forbidden meates, in Lent. X782 Cowper Retirem. 216 His hours of leisure, .employs In drawing pictures of forbidden joys, a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) II. 109, I entered that forbidden room. b. spec. Forbidden degrees , certain degrees of relationship within which persons are forbidden to marry; forbidden fruit , (a) that forbidden to Adam (Gen. ii. 17), also fig .; {b) hence, a name given to several varieties of Citms, esp. C. decumana ; •\forbiddc71 time (Sc. Law), the close time for fish. 1609 Skene Quon. Attach, lxxxvii. heading , Of forbiddin Tyme in Fishing. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. in. iii. § 5 He required from him the observance of that positive command of not eating of the forbidden fruit. 1663 Flagel¬ lum or 0 . Cromwell (ed. 2) 5 The stealing and tasting of j the forbidden fruit of Soveraignty. 1818 M. G. Lewis j Jrnl. W. Ind. (1834) 212 Some sweet oranges, others bitter ones, others again forbidden fruit. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, Pome Hoes, a name under which forbidden fruit is sometimes sold in this country by fruiterers. 1866 Treas. Bot., Forbidden Fruit Citrus Parodist'.—(of London) a variety of the shaddock C. decumana. 1872 Gloss. Eccl. Terms (ed. Shipley), Forbidden Degrees. Hence Forbi ddenly adv .; Forbi ddenness. 1611 Shaks. Wint. T. 1. ii. 417 He thinkes..that you haue toucht his Queene Forbiddenly. 1647 Boyle Disc, agst. Swearing vii. Wks. 1772 VI. 10 Since the sinfulness of swearing does consist, not in the diversity of our oaths, but in their forbiddenness. 1744 Birch Life Boyle 41 Nothing but the forbiddenness of self-dispatch hindered his acting it. Forbidder (fjXibi'dai). [f. Forbid v. + -er h] One who forbids. C1449 Pecock Repr. v. ii. 92 Forbeders whiche wolden forbede wedding. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 253 A forbydder of the trybute to be payed to Cesar. 1643 Milton Divorce 11. xx. (1851) 118 The Papists..are the strictest forbidders of divorce. 1849 Curzon Visits Monast. i. 10 Another attendant upon public men, who..is called a yassakji, or forbidder. Forbidding (fpibrdig), vbl. sb. [see -ing 1 .] The action of the vb. Forbid ; a prohibition. a 1300 Cursor M. 20527 (Cott.) He ete ogain mi forbidding. C1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 85 pis forbedyng is colourid by holynesse. 1601 Donne Progr. Soul ix. Poems (1633) 5 Her whom the first man did wive, Whom, and her race, only forbiddings drive. X667 Milton P. L. ix. 753 But his forbidding Commends thee more. 1740 Cheyne Regimen 142 It amounts almost to a total Forbidding. Forbidding tf^-tbi-diij), ppl. a. [see -ing 2 .] 1 . That forbids, in senses of the vb. 1573 Baret Alv. F 849 Forbidding, vetans. 1667 Milton P. L. 11. 475 But they Dreaded not more th’ adventure then his voice Forbidding. 2 . esp. That forbids, or disinclines to, a nearer ap¬ proach; repellent, repulsive, uninviting: a. chiefly of a person, his manner, looks, etc. X712 Budgell Sped. No. 301 p 2 That awful Cast of the Eye and forbidding Frown. 1717 Berkeley Tour in Italy 3 June Wks. 1871 IV. 560 Doors and entrances of the houses dirty and forbidding. 1837 M. Donovan Dom. Econ. II. i9£ A forbidding-looking creature. 1840 Dickens OldC. Shop iii, An elderly man of remarkably hard features and forbidding aspect. 1863 Fr. A. Kemble Resid. in Georgia 21, I do not know that I ever saw any winged creature of so forbidding an aspect. b. of a country, sea-coast, the weather, etc. 1726 Shelvocke Voy. round World (1757) 280 Although the land is so desart and forbidding. 1856 Kane A ret. Expl. II. xxvi. 264 We saw the same forbidding wall of belt-ice. i860 Merc. Marine Mag. VII. 262 The coast.. is exceed¬ ingly rocky and forbidding. 1887 T. Hardy Woodlanders II. i. 8 The morning looked forbidding enough. Hence Forbiddingly adv .; Forbiddingness. 1848 Craig, Forbiddingly. 1880 Kinglake Crimea VI vi. 75 The. .Ravine, .[was] forbiddingly hard to crest. 1883 E. P. Roe in Harper's Mag. Dec. 45/1 The Beacon hills., frown forbiddingly. + Forbind, v. Obs. [OE. forbindan, f. For- prefO + bindan to Bind.] trans. To bind up. c 897 K - jElfred Gregory’s Past. xvi. 104 Ne forbinde je no 5 sem < 5 erscendum oxum 5 one mu 5 . a 1200 in Fragm. VE If rids Gloss. (1838) 5 piet wrecche wif .. forbindep paes daedan mup. c 1200 Ormin 4524 Itt forrbindepp all pweorrt ut & blendepj? manness heorrte. tFo'rbirth. Obs. rare. In 4 forbirth(e, -burth(e. [f. For- pref?- + Birth. Cf. Ger. vor- geburt.~\ a. Birthright, b. The first-born. a 1300 Cursor M. 3518 (Cott.) Esau his forbirth said. Ibid. 6091 (Gott.) All pe for-birthis sal i sla. Forbish, obs. form of Furbish. + Forbrte, V. Obs. Pa. t. 3 forbat, -bot. [f. For-/;'*?/'. 1 + Bite v. ; =Du. verbijten , Ger. ver~ beiszen .] trans. To bite. Also tra 7 isf. and fig. c 1205 Lay. 6497 pat deor. .raesde o pene stede and for-bat him pa breste. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) App. 76 pat luper dur op sturte forbot his stedes breste. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xvi. 35 The Flesshe is afel wynde. .forbiteth the blosmes. 1586 J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinshed II. 87/2 When his braines are forebitten with a bottle of nappie ale. Forblack: see For- pref. x 10. + Forblee’d, v. Obs . [f. For- prefix + Bleed. Cf. Ger. verbiuten .] In pa. pple. Forble*d: ex¬ hausted with bleeding; covered with blood. a 1300 Cursor M. 24395 (Cott.) Quen pat mi sun was al for-bled. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 35 He was i- drawe al aboute \>e feeldes .. al forbled. 1470-85 Malory Arthur x. xxx, Sir Tristram waxte faynte and forbledde. 1496 Dives # Panp. (W. de W.) vi. xv. 257/2 He sente home his sharte full of woundes and of holes and all forbleded. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) I. 306 All the laif, rycht bludie and forbled, Tha left the feild. t Forble’nd, vX Obs.~ 1 [f. For- prefX + Blend vX ; =Ger .verblenden^] trans. To blind. f X200 Ormin 2985 Sinne.. Forrblendepp all pin heorrte. + Forble’nd, vP Obs .— 1 [f. For- Prefix + Blend v. 2 ] trans. To confound. a 1300 Cursor M. 18056 (Cott.) Min wicked werkes eke For-blended wer thoru his aun speke. Forbliss: see For- prefX 9. f Forblow*, v. Obs. [OE. forbldwan , f. For- prefX + bldwan to Blow.] trans. a. To blow about or away. b. To blow out, inflate. £893 K. Ailfred Oros. v. iv. § 5 Com an wind, ond for- bleow hie ut on sae. c 1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 240 Gif mon sie forblawen. 1393 Gower Cottf. I. 160 The ship.. is S3 FORBODE. 418 FORCE. forstormed and forblowe. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) in. ii. 50 A grete bely ful of wynd forbolned and forblowen. Hence Forblown, For bio wing///, adjs. 14.. Lydg. Li/eV. M. xviii. (1484) Cvj, With your forblowe blowying vanyte. [MS, Ashm. 39 f. 28 b, has;—youre for- blowynge vanite.] t Forbo’de, sb, Obs. exc. arch. Forms: 1-6 forbod (6 forbodd), 3-7^ 9 forbode, 3, 5 forbot (5 -bote), 5-6 forbott. [OIL. forbod, i. forbdodan to Forbid; = Du. verbod\ MHG., mod. Ger. verbot, ON. forbofi.] A forbidding ; a prohibition, inter¬ diction, prohibitory ordinance. To lay in forbode : to put under prohibition, to prohibit. a 1000 Pol. Laws AElfred xli, Gewitnes pset hit para manna forbod waere. £1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 11 No prest ne mai him chastien, ne mid forbode, ne mid scrifte, ne mid cursinge. a 1300 Cursor M. 765 (Cott.) Our lauerd in forbot has it laid, c 1449 Pecock Repr. in. iii. 291 If eny oon forbode, maad in lewis lawe to preestis, schulde binde also Cristen preestis. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke vi. 73 Why dooe ye this geare whiche it is against all gods forbod to dooe on the Sabboth daies. 1626 Ainsworth Annot. Pent at. Exod. xx. 3 Gods forbode bindeth most strictly and alwayes. b. To pass, be above or beyond, God's forbode : said of anything outrageous or extravagant. 1515 More K. Rich. Ill, in Grafton Chron. II. 826 King Richarde, whome he .. had holpen, susteyned and set for¬ ward above all Gods forbode. a 1529 Skelton Image Hypocr. Wks. II. 425 It passeth Godes forbod That ever it should be. 1596 Nashe Saffron Walden Wks. (Grosart) III 99 He is beyond all reason, or Gods forbod, distract¬ edly enamourd of his own beautie. 1602 W. Watson Decacordon 247 Marry the course that was held by them passeth all Gods forbod : as our phrase is. c. ( Over ) God's forbode = God forbid. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. vii. 176 Lordes forbode ellis ! c 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 12 Over Godes forbot be to the Thank or thew to kun me. 1598 Florio, DiAcene, god forbid, gods forbode. 1820 Scott Ivanhoe x, ‘ Over God’s forbode ! ’ said Prince John. d. A use of this phrase as an asseveration. 1575 Durham Deposit. (Surtees) 303 Who toke upon hir then, with mony oothe and forbotts, that ther was never man that was fawter with hir. t Forbo'de, v. Obs. rare. [f. prec. sb.; cf. ON. forbotSa .] = Forbid. c 1400 Destr. Troy 6428 Forbode the firke pi fode for to wyn. c 1475 Rauf Coil%ear'j\6 The curagiousknichtis bad haue him to hjng .. ‘ God forbot ’ he said, ‘ my thank war sic thing To him that succourit my lyfe ! ’ Forbolned: see For- pref\ 6. + Forbow, v. Obs. [OE. forbiig-an, f. For- pref. 1 + biig-an to Bow.] trans. To pass by or avoid by making a circuit; to shun. a 1000 Byrhtnoth 325 (Gr.) Naes paet na se Godric, \>e pa gu5e forbeah. c 1000 ALlfric Job 164 Se wer waes .. forbu^ende yfel. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 63 Forbue iuel and do god. c 1230 Halt Meid. 17 Fleh alle thinges & forbuh 3eorne pat tus unboteliche lure of mahe arisen. tForbrai’d, v. Obs. Forms: see Braid v. [OE. forbregdan, -bridan, f. For- pref. 1 + bregdan, brddan : see Braid v.] a. trans. To transform, pervert, corrupt, b. intr. for refl. To become corrupt, decay. c888 K. jElfred Boeth. xxxviii. § i paet hio sceolde mid hire drycraeft pa men forbredan. c 1220 Bestiary i24©anne he is forbroken and forbroiden. Ibid. 174 If <3u hauest is broken A1 $u forbreSes [sic] forwurSes and forgelues. a 1250 Owl <$• Night. 1384 The rihte i-kunde swo for-breideth. Hence Forbroi*de(n ppl. a., distorted, monstrous. a 1250 Owl Sf Night. 1379 He is un-fele and for-brode. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 490 Hii founde an vewe geans vor- broide [v.rr. forbreyden, forbredde] men as it were. t Forbrea’k, v. Obs. [O'E. forbrecan, f. For- prefO + brecatt to Break.] trans. a. To break in pieces, crush, b. To interrupt. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. John xix. 31 pact man forbrasce hyra sceancan. c 1250 Gen. «$• Ex. 3049 Trees it for-brac. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 375 RycharcL.vor brec pere hys necke atuo. a 1300 E. E. Psalter cxxiii. 7 pe snare for-broken es in ai. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. iv. pr. 1.108,1. .for-brek pe entencioun of hir |>at entended[e] 3'itte to seyneoperpinges. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 101 Edmond had al forbroken pe Danes. 1413 Pilgr. So'ivle (Caxton) 1. xix. (1859) *9 Al my teethe ben wasted and forbroken. Forbrittened, -broiden : see For- pref T 8. + Forbrui’se, V. Obs. Forms: 4-5forbrose, 5 forbrisse, forbruyse. [f. ¥ on-pref . 1 + Bruise.] trans. Only in pa. pple. a. To bruise severely; to cover with bruises, b. To break to pieces. c 1386 Chaucer Monk's T. 624 In a chare men aboute him bare Al for-brused, bothe bak and syde. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iv. xxxvi. 84 Helme and palet to beten and forbruysed. c 1420 Anturs of Arth. li, Vnnethe :ny3te these sturun men stond vppe ryjte So for-brissutte, and for-bled. c 1450 Merlin 239 Alle for brosed and full wery oftrauayle. t Forbu'rn, v. Obs. For forms see Burn. [a. OE. forb^rnan (trans.) = OHG. ferbrennan (Ger. verbrenneri). 13 . OE. forbeornan, -byman str. (intr.) = OHG . farprinnan.] 1 . trans. To destroy, torture, or injure by burning. O. E. Chron. an. 685 pone [Mul] mon eft on Cent for- baernde. ciooo ALlfric Exod. iii. 3 Ic ga and £eseo..hwi beos pyrne ne si forbaerned. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 27 He mahte iseon ane berninde glede bet hine al for-bernacS purut to cole. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 378 Seyn Poules chyrche of Londone was ek verbarnd po. a 1400 Octouian 216 With ryght sche schall Be all for-brent. c 1440 Jacob's Well 10 pus for-brent, he roryd as a deuyl for peyne. 2 . intr. To burn, be burnt, or consumed. Also, To be on fire. lit. and fig. Beowulf 1667 (Gr.) Forbarn broaden mael. c 893 K. /Elfred Oros. vi. i, Com micel fyrbyrne on Romeburg, past paer- binnan forburnon xv tunas, a 1250 Owl <5* Night. 419 Vor thu forbernest wel ne} for onde. a 1350 Leg. Rood (1871) 23 Euerich stude pat we on stepten for brende al wib vre fete. c 1380 Sir Feriimb. 3286 Sone ous tyd her for-brenne wyb sor3e & deshonour. t Forbu'rst, v. Obs. [f. For- pref. i + Burst.] intr. To burst asunder; to break. a 1000 Laws Ethelred iii. iv. in Thorpe Anc. Laws 1 . 294 Slea man hine paet him forberste se sweora. c 1205 Lay. 1912 [He] breid Geogmagog bat him be rug for-berst. Forbush, obs. form of Furbish. + Forbuy*, v. Obs. For forms see Buy. [f. For- pref. Y + Buy.] trans. To buy off. a. To ransom ; esp. to redeem (from sin, hell, etc.), b. To atone for. c. To gain over; to bribe. a. c 1315 Shoreham 164 Ase man was thor3 trowe by-cou3t, In trowe he scholde be for-bou3t. a 1330 Otuel i7ioTakeb me on Hue & sle me nou}t, Leet mi lif be for-boujt. c 1450 Chester PI. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 192 Christe .. comen [is] man- kinde to forbye From God in mayistie. b. 1340 Ayenb. 78 Hi couben hire zennen uorbegge. £•1450 Chester PI. (Shaks. Soc.) II. 79 MyLorde uppon the roode tree Your synnes hath forboughte. C- a 1300 Cursor M. 17464 (Cott.) pai war for-boght b e soth to hele. 1393 Gower Conf. I. 212 He which hindreth every kinde And for no gold may be forbought. Hence Forbuyer, a redeemer. 1382 Wyclif Isa. liv. 8 The Lord, thi forbiere. C1450 Chester PI. (E. E. T. S.) 400, I am he they call Messy, fore- byar of Israeli. Forby(e (fp-ibai*), prep, and adv. Also 3-5 forbi, (5 for be), 5-6 foreby, (7 forbay, 9 fore- bye). [f. For- adv. or prep. + By. Cf. Du. voorbij , Ger. vorbei ; also (from Ger.) Sw .forbi, Da. forbi.] A. prep. 1 . Of position : Hard by, near. Obs. exc. Sc. 1596 Spenser F. Q. v. ii. 54 As when a Falcon hath with nimble flight Flowne at a flush of ducks, foreby the brooke. 1858 M. Porteous ‘ S outer Johnny * 11 The Smith. .Had.. his snug abode Forbye his smiddy. 2 . Of motion: Past; close by. Obs. exc. arch. In early use following the obj. a 1300 Cursor M. 20884 (Cott.) A ded he quickend wit his schade Quils pat he him for-bi glad. 13.. K. Alis. 5487 Alisaunder cometh upon his mule. .And flyngeth gode skowr hem forby. c 1386 Chaucer Doctor s T. 125 Sche cam forby ther the juge stood, c 1430 Syr Getter. (Roxb.) 5748 The spere. .forbi the visage glode. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cl vii. 191 They passed foreby the frenchmens busshment. 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. i. 15 A goodly Lady did foreby them rush. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. 111. 316 She went on toward the sea, For by the port. 3 . fig. f a. In preference to, before, beyond. Obs. + b. In transgression of. Obs .— 1 a. a 1300 Cursor M. 13314 (Cott.) To petre. .For-bi all his oper fens, Mast priuelege he gaf. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 26 A stone pat Hauelok kast wele forbi euer ilkone. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xxiii. 107 Sutell of witte..forby any oper folk of pe werld. c 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4930 To take ffleshe of thi wombe for be othere wymmen alle. b- £1250 Gen. <$- Ex. 3988 For-bi min red, quaS ftu non del. f 4 . Beside, in comparison with. Also, by way of distinction from. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 27365 (Cott.) Hu soft [it es] her for to mend forbi pat pine wit-vten end. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) vii. 25 pat es pe cause pat pai er so gude chepe pare, forby in oper places. Ibid. xxii. 101 Wymmen..pat er wedded beres crownes. .pat pai may be knawen by forby paim pat er vnweddid. 5 . Besides; not to mention. Only north, or arch. 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. xm. xvi, Forby thir thre erllis and lord foresaid. 1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 108 Twenty-four ministers .. forby elders. 1676 W. Row Contn. Blairs Autobiog. x. (1848)272 The special causes were forby the confession of sins to beg a blessing to the King. 1817 Lady L. Stuart in Scott Fain. Lett. (1894) I. 404 Forbye the young, I have met with an estab¬ lished Blue-stocking who had never heard of Sir William Temple. 1879 Browning NedBratts 18 The regular crowd forbye. 1894 Crockett Raiders 90 No doubt he had many a sin on his soul, forbye murder. f 6. =By 28. 1596 Spenser F. Q. v. xi. 17 He tooke her forby the lilly hand, And her recomforted. B. adv. 1 . Of motion: a. Aside. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 286 He turned not forbi for leue ne for loth, c 1330 Arth. <$• Merl. 3361 A little forbi he smot. a 1800 Brown Adam viii in Scott Minstr. Scot. Bord. (1802) II. 18 When he cam to his ladye’s hour door, He stude a little forebye. b. Along, past. Now rare. Also ,fig. f To go forby : to be passed over or slighted. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) no Right }ede per forby, pe barons did no skille. 1375 Barbour Bruce x. 345 But I will let fele of thame pas forby. 1423 Jas. I. King is Q. xxx, To se the warld and folk that went forby. a 1533 Ld. Berners IInon cxvi. 413 He salutyd them in passynge forby. 1862 W. W. Story Rob a di R. (1864) 78 That time has been long forbye. 2 . Besides, in addition. 1590 J. Burel in Watson Collect. 11. (1709) 14 The other Burgissis forby Wer cled in thair pontificall. 1724 Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) I. 25 Forby, how sweet the numbers chime, a 1810 Tannahill Poet. IFks. (1846) 77 Forby he had a bashfu* spirit. 1886 Stevenson Kidnapped xii, There are the bairns forby. .that must be learned their letters. t Forbyland. Yorksh. dial. Obs. [f. prec. adv. + Land.] ? Extra land. 1510 MS. Grant of Land at Ryton, Yorks., One tenement with forbyland. 1621 N. f Riding Rec. I. 27 A mesuage, a cotage, or forby lands (which I take to be demeisnes). + Porbysen, sb. Obs. [f. For prep. + Bysen.] a. An example, pattern, type. b. An illustration, parable, c. A proverb, d. A token. a. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 81 Her of me mei ane forbisne of twa brondes. c 1220 Bestiary 307 De hert hauetS kindes two and forbisnes oc al so. c 1320 Cast. Love 980 A forbysne of boxumnes. 1393 Langl. P. PL C. xvxii. 277 He is a for- busne to alle busshopes. b. ^1175 Lamb. Horn. 79 God almihti sei5 an forbisne to his folk in pe halie godspel and seid [etc.], c 1308 Song Times in Pol. Songs. (Camden) 197 Of thos a vorbisen ic herd telle. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. ix. 24 ‘ Bi a forebisene * seide the frere, ‘ I sckal the feire schewe.' C. a 1250 Owl $ Night. 99 Thar-bi men segget a vorbisne, Dahet habbe that ilke best, That fuleth his owe nest. 1340 Ayenb. 47 Vor ase zayp pe uorbisne ‘ leuedi of uaire di}tinge is arblast to pe tour.’ d. a 1300 Cursor M. 4593 (Gott.) For poru pis for-bisin here, Witt pu par sal be seuen 3ere of plente. .in pi kingrike. 1485 Caxton Treviso's Higden 11. 1. (1527) 58 Soo some partes of a mannes bodye be forbyson & bodyng of wondres. + Forbysen,®. Obs. Also 4 (erron.) forbyse. [f. prec. sb.] 1 . trans. To furnish (a person) with examples. a 1300 [see Forbysening vbl. $£.] c 1374 Chaucer Troylus II. 1341 (1390) It nedeth me nought thee longe to forbyse. 2 . To give (something) as an example. Hence Forbrsned ///. a. c 1220 Bestiary 589 Dis forbisnede 3i[n]g. + Forbysening, vbl. sb. Obs. [see -ing L] 1 . The action of the vb. Forbysen ; cotter, an example, symbol, type. a 1300 Cursor M. 2682 (Cott.) pe werk of circumcising bers in it-self gret for-bise[n]yng. Ibid. 15327 (Gott.) For a for- biseneng nu 3ur fete [pus] haue I washen all. £1425 Wyn- toun Cron. viii. xli. 69 Syndry. .eald it iwil forbysnyng. 2 . A parable. ^1300 Cursor M. 7916 (Cott.) pan come pe prophet to pe king And said him suilk a forbisening. a 1300 E. E. Psalter lxxviifi]. 2, I sal open mi mouth in forbiseninges. + Forca*rve, v. Obs. For forms see Carve. [OE. forceorfan , f. For- pref, i 1 4- ceorfan to Carve.] trans. To carve or cut asunder, down, in two, out, through; to cut to pieces. O. E. Chron. an. 797 Her Romane Leone paem papan his tungon forcurfon. c 1000 /Elfric Judith 23 pset heo healfne forcearfpone sweoran him. C1230 HaliMeia. 11 Meidenhad is te blosme pat beo ha eanes fulliche forcoruen ne spruteS ha neauer eft. 13.. Coer de L. 1026 Seven chains, with his good swerde Our King for-carf amidward. c 1386 [see Forcut]. 1460 Lybeaus Disc. 1325 He .. smot a strok of mayne. .And forkarf bon and lyre. t Forca*st, v. Obs. [f. For- pref . l + Cast ; = Da. for kast e, Sw. forkastal] trans. To cast away, reject; to fling away, do away with. a 1225 Alter. R. 278 Edmodnesse is forkesting of wur<5- schipe. a 1300 Cursor M. 24550 (Cott.) pat hope for-kest mi care, a 1300 E. E. Psalter xxi[i]. 10 Of maghe for-kast I am in be. 1340 Ayenb. 186 pe wolues dra}ep uorp pe children pet byep uorkest. 1393 Gower Conf II. 167 Where she lay A child for-cast. t Fcrrcat. Sc. Obs . Also foirchet. [ad. OF. fiorcat- for chat forked stick, f. forche Fork sbd\ 1 A rest for a musket* (Jam.). 1598 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1814) IV. 169 Furnist with .. ane muscat with forcat, bedrol, and heid pece. Ibid. 191 Or ellis with ane muscat foirchet bandroll and heidpeice. + Forca’tch, v. Obs.— 1 [ad. ONF ,for-,fors- cachicr ( = Central OF .forchacier), f. for{s )-, For- pref$ + cachier (charier) : see Catch v. and Chase v.] trans. To drive forth. x 393 Gower Conf. Prol. 17 Fro the leese, whiche is pleine, Into the breres they forcacche Here orf. Force (fofjs), sbl Forms : 3-6 fors, forse, (4 foors, forze), 3- force, [a. F .force ( = Vx.forsa , forza y S'p. fuerza , Pg. for$a. It. forza ) .’—popular L. *fortia, n. of quality f. L. fort is strong.] I. Strength, power. f 1 . Physical strength, might, or vigour, as an attribute of living beings (occas. of liquor). Rarely in pi. ( = F .fotres). Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 7244 (Cott.) Thoru his fax his force was tint, c 1350 Will. Palemc 3598 pou}h he hade fors of foure swiche oper. a 1400-50 Alexander 1006 And now vs failis all oure force & oure flesch waykis. 1508 Dunbar Tua viariit wemen 189 He has a forme without force. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 194 Chosen men, hugest in stature, and fullest of force. 1610 Rowlands Martin Mark-all 22 Their Beere is of that force, and so mightie, that it serueth them in steade of meate, drinke, fire, and apparrell. x6n Bible Deut. xxxiv. 7 His eye was not dimme, nor his naturall force abated. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 1. 249 Young Elms with early force in Copses bow. 1715 Pofe Iliad iii. 89 Thy force, like steel, a temper’d hardness shows. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 245 The great hero of anti¬ quity, in the thieving line, was eminent by his physical forces. b. Of force : full of strength, vigorous. Obs. 1577 B. Googe Hcresbach's Hush. (1586) 75 The Willowes must be holpen with often waterings, that the nature of the tree may be of force [ut natura ligni vigent ]. c. j- With (one's) force : with energy, with exer¬ tion of one’s strength. With all one's force : put¬ ting forth all one’s strength. FORCE. 419 FORCE. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 3036 ‘ LeggeJj on, Lordes,’ said he, ' \vi(’ force & smyteb strokes smcrte.’ c 1400 V'lvainc tj Gaw. 2897 With hir force sho hasted so fast That sho over- toke him at the last, c 1430 Syr Tryam. 829 He prekyd to the kyng with fors. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda’s Conq. E. hut. xxxiii. 80 b, And rowing with force tooke two of the Pledges. 1674 N. Cox Gent/. Recreat. 1. (1677) 95 The Hounds .. running with all their force. 1841 Lane Arab. Nis. I. 86 Strike the ball, .with all thy force. t d- To make g)*eat force : to exert oneself. To do ones force : to do one’s utmost. Obs. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6182 Forto vvitt he made grete force. Ibid. 6904 To wirschip it he did his fors. 2 . As an attribute of physical action or move¬ ment : Strength, impetus, violence, or intensity of effect. c 1320 Sir Beues 3405 (MS. A.) With a dent of gret fors A-bar him doun of his hors, c 1400 Ywaine <$• Gaw. 2452 With grete force he lete it fall. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanhedct s Conq. E. Ind. xxix. 73 b, The tackling .. of the Shippes, with the great force of the winde, made such a terrible noyse. 1607 Rowlands Famous Hist. 35 And makes them curse that e’re they felt the force of Christian blows. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. ix. 247 The Sea falls with such force on the shore. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 197 By the force and strength of the Wedge. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) III. 67 They break the force of the fall. 1781 Gibbon Decl. <$• F. III. 80 The force of the strongest and sharpest tools had been tried without effect. 1787 Burns Fragm. Ode iii, The snowy ruin smokes along, With doubling speed and gathering force. 1812-16 J. Smith Panorama Sc. # Art I. 347 The force of a stream. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s.v., Force of wind, now described by numbers, o being calm, 12 the heaviest gale. t b. said of the violent onset of combatants in battle. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 7760 (Cott.) O }>is batail }?at was sa snell, J>e force a-pon J?e king it fell. 1375 Barbour Bruce 11. 429 That war sa few that thai na mycht Endur the forss mar off the fycht. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon lix. 206 The forse of the paynyms was so gret that at length they coude not abyde it. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. lxxix. 162 Heere.. was all the force of the battaile. + c. phr. Within one's force : within the range of his attack or defence. (Cf. Dint sb. 2 d.) 1680 Otway Orphan 1. ii, When on the brink the foaming Boar I met, And in his side thought to have lodg’d my spear, The desperate savage rusht within my Force, And bore me headlong with him down the Rock. + d. Violence or ‘stress’ of weather. In the force of weather : exposed to the brunt of its attack. Obs. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World m. viii. § 4. 90 A creeke, which is a good harbour for ships, the force of weather being borne off by the head-Land and Isle. 6-1630 Risdon Surv. Devon § 215 (1810) 223 A high rock, called Crocken-Torr.. where is a table and seats of moorstone. .lying in the force of all weather, no house or refuge being near it. 3 . Power or might (of a ruler, realm, or the like) ; esp. military strength or power. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 3685 5 yf b ou any man manasse purghe force or power pat pou hasse. c 1330 — Chron. (1810) 191 pe Sarazin force doun his, Jhesu we bank pe. c 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 55 If any were. .That wold my fors down Telle. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems viii. 14 Quhois force all France in fame did niagnifie. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI v. i. 77 And lo, where George of Clarence sweeps along, Of force enough to bid his brother battle. 1756 Burke Vind. Nat. Soc. Wks. I. 20 In the same place where his predecessors had .. wasted the force of so extensive an empire. 1796 — Regie. Peace ii. ibid. VIII. 245 From her aiming through commerce at naval force which she never could attain. 1888 Fortn. Rev. Nov. 564 A navy actually inferior in fighting force to that of France. b. In early use, the strength (of a fortress, de¬ fensive work, etc.). Subsequently, the fighting strength (of a ship), as measured by number of guns or men. f Of (good) force : (well) armed or fortified. 1577-87 Harrison England 1. xii, At this Poulruan is a tower of force. 1578 T. Nicholas Conq. W. India (1596) 102 The estate and force of the said Ships. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nic ho lay's Voy. 1. vii. 7 The foundation, force, and situation of the citie of Alger. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. 210 The wals neither faire nor of force. 1669 Narborough Jml. in Acc. Sez>. Late Voy. 1. (1711) 7 The Castle .. hath but four Guns, and is of no force. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. iii. 46 Sending from Holland Ships of good force. 1779 in L'poolMunic. Rec. (1886) II. 183 Several ships of force, .are now on the coast. 1867 Smyth Sailor s Word- bk., Force .. Also, the force of each ship stated agreeably to the old usage in the navy, according to the number of guns actually carried. + C. With foixe : with, or by the employment of, military strength or numbers. Cf. 5 b. Some¬ times app . — in force (see 17). Obs. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 3366 Wyp fors pey gun wyp hym fyghte. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) xxvii. 279 Thei assembled hem with force, and assayleden his Castelle. c 1435 Torr. Portugal 2209 [He] sent letters on every side, With flforce theder to hye. 1548 Hall Chron ., Hen. VI (an. 6) 106 The Englishemen, whiche with greate force, thei in received and manfully defended. Ibid. Edw. IV (an. 2) 191 Suche Castles..as his enemies there held, and with force defended. [1884 Graphic 21 June 595/2 The numerous private members .. came down with such force that a count out was plainly impossible.] 4 . cotter. A body of armed men, an army. In pi. the troops or soldiers composing the fighting strength of a kingdom or of a commander in the field. *375 Barbour Bruce xix. 632 We may nocht with iuperdiss Our felloune fais forss assale. 1548 Hall Chron., lien. IV (an. 1) 13 b, The duke .. seyng the force of the townes men more and more encreace. 1594 Shaks. Rich. 111 v. iii. 109 Looke on my Forces with a gracious eye. 1611 Bible 1 Macc. xii. 42 When Tryphon saw that Ionathan came with so great a force. 1727 Swift Gulliver 11. vi. 149 The valour and atchievements of our forces by sea and land. 1796 Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 422 A naval force is a very unsure defence. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 575 The only stand¬ ing force should be the militia. 1851 Dixon W. Penn xiv. (1872) 119 One of the leaders of the Parliamentary forces. 1874 Stubbs Const. Hist. (1875) II. xiv. 14 A force of seven thousand men landed in Suffolk. transf. 1841 Macaulay in Trevelyan Life (1876) II. ix. 147 The force which will be arrayed against a Bill. b. A body of police; the whole body of police on service in a town or district; often absol. the force = policemen collectively. 1851 Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 16 One boy .. vowed ven¬ geance against a member of the force. 1861 Miss Braddon Trail Serpent iv. vi. 226, I was nobody in the Gardenford force. 1875 Hamerton Intell. Life vii. vi. 259 She will protect your tranquility better than a force of policemen, t c. ? A fort. Obs. rare— 1 . 1538 Leland I tin. (1711) III. 15 About a Myle by West of Penare is a Force nere the shore. 5 . Physical strength or power exerted upon an object; esp. the use of physical strength to con¬ strain the action of persons; violence or physical coercion, f To make force : to use violence lo. a 1340 Hampole Psalter Comm. Cant. 497 Lord .i. suffire force [vimpatior]. 1382 Wyclif Gen. xix. 9 And foors thei maden [L. vim faciebant ] to Loth moost hidowsly. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iv. xii. 63 Force is nouther ryght ne reson. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. ii. 7 b, Deeming, .that those blacke men meant him no harme, nor would offer anye force. 1667 Milton P. L. 1. 647 To work in close design, by fraud or guile. What force effected not. 1687 Boyle Martyrd. Theodora 1.(1703) 6 Such cruel methods being apt to make the world suspect that our best argument is force. 1789 Bentham Princ. Legist, xiii. § 2 Force can accomplish many things which would be beyond the reach of cunning. 1840 H. Rogers Introd. Burke's Wks. 82 Nothing will justify force while any other means remain untried. 1889 A. Lang Prince Prigio ii. 10 The prince, after having his ears boxed, said that ‘ force was no argument \ b. esp. in phr. by force = by employing violence, by violent means, also + under compulsion. + For¬ merly also through, with , of force ; also, parforce, by perforce , force perforce (see Perforce). Also, t by or with fine force , a force fine: see Fine a. 3 Often implying the use of armed force or strength of numbers : cf. 3 c. c 1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 488 Par force he hadde me forht i nome. 1375 Barbour Bruce xii. 524 Mony worthy men and wicht Throu forss wes fellit in that ficht. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 972 panne |?ay asayllede Scot Gwylmer & toke him a-force fine. 1484 Caxton Fables of VEsop 11. xi, The thynge which is promysed by force & for drede is not to be hold. C1500 Lancelot 2701 Sir gawan thar reskewit he of fors, Magre his fois. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI 1. i. 210 That Maine, which by maine force Warwick did winne. x6ii Bible Johnv i. 15 When Iesus thereforeperceiued that they would come and take him by force, to make him a King. 1701 De Foe True-born Eng. 36 The Bad with Force they eagerly subdue. 1754 Hume Hist. Eng. (1812) I. iii. 163 One of his train, .attempted to make his way by force. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 241 The common people .. can only be made to sing and step in rhythm by sheer force. c. spec, in Law: Unlawful violence offered to persons or things. By force and arms : translation of Law L. vi et armis. A force: a particular act or instance of unlawful violence. C1480 Littleton Tenures 11. xi, II defendera iorsque tort & force [1538 transl. he .. shal defend but the wrong and the force]. Ibid. 11. xii. (end), Le tenaunt .. luy forstalla le voye ouesque force & armys. 1594 West 2nd Pt. Symbol. § 65 Force is either simple or mixt. 1619 Dalton Country Just. 196 Also, women, and children, may commit a force. 1628 Coke On Litt. § 240. 161 b, Force, vis, in the Common Law is most commonly taken in ill part, and taken for unlawful violence. 1768 Blackstone Comm. III. viii. 119 This distinction of private wrongs, into injuries with and without force. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I. 102 Where a person is prevented from barring an estate tail by force and management. 1826 Act 7 Geo. IV, c. 64 § 20 That no Judgment .. shall be stayed or reversed.. for the Omission . .of the Words ‘with Force and Arms ’. 1842 Tennyson E. Morris 131 It seems I broke a close with force and arms. + d. In non-material sense: Constraint or com¬ pulsion exerted upon a person. Also, a force , as to put a force upon : to put compulsion or con¬ straint upon, to constrain ; to strain or wrest the meaning of. To be upon the force : ? to act under self-constraint and against one’s natural impulses. Under a force : under compulsion. Obs. 1387 T revisa Higden (Rolls) VII. T41 Godwyne .. swore pat he didde nevere suche fringes, bot constreyned by pe force of kyng Harold. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 261 The monie which you sent us, uppon the force of our com- maundement. 1662 Sir A. Mervyn Sp. Irish Aff. 4 We come not to criminate, or to force a ball into the Dedan, but if any brick-wall. expressions happen, that cannot be de¬ signed otherwise, it is rather a force upon us. 1667 Milton P. L. ix. 1173 Beyond this had bin force, And force upon free Will hath here no place. 1681 Burnet Hist. Ref. II. 252 In many places .. Men were chosen by Force and Threats .. upon which reasons he concludes that it was no Parliament, since it was under a Force. 1690 Wolsely in Lond. Gaz. No. 2536/2 It was a very unfortunate Force, which the Soldiers, .put upon me, to burn the Town. 1697 Dkyden Virg. Georg, iii. 411 Nor cou'd his Kindred, nor the Kindly Force Of weeping Parents, change his fatal Course. 1707 Norris Treat. Humility v. 203 A Man can’t be always upon the force, the Actor will sometimes tire. 1729 Butler Semi. xiii. Wks. 1874 II. 173 They may all be understood to be implied in these words of our Saviour, without putting any force upon them. 1774 J. Bryant Mythol. 1 .136 1 he whole is effected with a great strain and force upon history. 1805 K. White Let. 19 Dec., I have very little society and that is quite a force upon my friends. 6 . Mental or moral strength. Now only (influ¬ enced by sense 2), power of vigorous and effective action, or of overcoming resistance. In early use also, power of endurance or resistance, fortitude. C1340 Hampole Prose Tr. 10 pey erre with-owtten charyte and vertue and force of sawle to stand agayne all ill styr- rynges. 1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 11. viii. jo 6 Force is an other vertue by the whiche a man under- taketh to do or suffre for the loue of god these thynges stronge and harde. 1534 Whitinton Tullyes Offices 1. ( I 54 °) 3 He can not be acompted a man of force that iudgeth payne and grefe to be inoste mysery. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 26 Bend the powers of your spirite, and the force of your minde, that, [etc.]. 1679 Penn Addr. Prot. 11. iv. (1692) 124 What before we were Unable, this gives us Force to do. 1711 Dennis Ref. Ess. Crit. 1 He., hath rashly undertaken a Task which is infinitely above his Force. 1871 R. H. Hutton Ess. II. 322 Real men of any force have a free sphere of their own. 1876 Trevelyan Macaulay I. i. 9 There was another Son who in force of character stood out among his brothers. 7 . Of things (in non-material or moral relations): Power to influence, affect, or control (esp. men in their actions, sentiments, etc.). To have force (to do) : to avail. 1582 Lyly. in T. Watsons Centurie of Loue (Arb.) 29 Mine appetite of lesse force then mine affection. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. ii. § 4 (1873) 14 It [learning] teacheth men the force of circumstances. 1713 Addison Cato iv. ii, Let not her cries or tears have force to move you. 1751 Jortin Sernt. (1771) IV. vi. 117 Such prejudices arise from the prevailing force of education. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 276 The force of habit is certainly very strong, and prejudices the mind throughout. 1821 Lamb Elia Ser. r. Old Benchers I. T., S. was thought, .a fit person to be con¬ sulted .. from force of manner entirely. 1845 Disraeli Sybil vi. iii, I never heard that moral force won the battle of Waterloo. 1890 F. W. Robinson Very strange Fain. 2 The force of circumstances had thrust me upon him. b. Peculiar power resident in a thing to produce special effects ; virtue, efficacy. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. 11. ii. 69 On whose eyes I might approue This flowers force in stirring loue. 1671 Milton P. R. 1. 347 Think’st thou such force in bread ? 1709 Steele Tatler No. 34 T 4 Beauty loses its force, if not accompanied with modesty. C. esp. Power to convince or persuade the reason or judgement; convincing or appealing power. Often in phr. of (great, etc.) force ; + formerly also of force simply. 1551 T. Wilson Logike (1580) 36 This [argument] that followeth, is of as good force. 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI, iii. i. 157 Those occasions, Vnckle, were of force. 1685 Baxter Paraphr. N. T. Matt. xvi. 28 Nor is Dr. H. his reason against it..of any force. 1729 Butler Serm. Pref. Wks. 1874 II. 13 The force of this conviction is felt by almost every one. 1748 j. Mason Elocut. 31 You can never convey the Force and Fulness of his Ideas to another till you feel them yourself. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 514 The argument of long enjoyment was of no force. 1847 Grote Greece 11. 1 . (1862) IV. 341 In both these two reasons there is force. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 23 They harangued .. with some force on the great superiority of a regular army to a militia. d. Of discourse, style, artistic creations, etc.: Strength or vividness of effect. 1842 H. Rogers Introd. Burke's Wks. 85 The passage already quoted, .is full of force and splendour. 1863 Mrs. C. Clarke Shaks. Char. vi. 152 Slender comes out in this play with extraordinary force. 1879 Cassells Techn. Educ. IV. 24/1 The introduction of a considerable amount of black . .gives great force to the pattern. 8 . Of a law, etc.: Binding power, validity. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1. x. § 8 Hath not his edict the force of a law? 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII, 1. ii. 101 Free pardon to each man that has denied The force of this com¬ mission. 1786 Burke W. Hastings .Wks. 1842 II. 177 A country .. in which the native authority had no force what¬ ever. 1863 H. Cox Inst it. I. v. 25 Proclamations which . .should have the force of statutes. y b. Of force : of binding power, valid. Obs . 1502 Arnolde Chron. (1811) 180 That alle lettres patentes or grauntis by you. .be voyde and of noo fors. 1611 Bible Heb. ix. 17 For a Testament is of force after men are dead. 1679 Penn Addr. Prot. 11. v. (1692) 163 Whatsoever they shall decree, ought to be of Force. C. In force : operative or binding at the time. Also, in full force, + in his force. So to put in force , to enforce; to come into force (also f to take force), to come into operation, take effect. 1491 Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 10 The foreseid statute .. shuld be in his force and virtue fro thens perpetuelly to endure. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 159 By an order realmes stande, and Lawes take force. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks 100 Without respect vnto the league yet in force. 1611 Bible 2 Esdras ix. 37 Notwithstanding the law perisheth not, but remaineth in his force. 1724 Act in Lond. Gaz. No. 6270/7 The Officer .. is .. to limit the Time .. for such Permit, .to continue in Force. 1847 L. Hunt Jar Honey (1848) 190 In the south this ancient custom still remains in full force. 1856 Knight Pop. Hist. Eng. I. xvii. 234 He engaged to put in force the laws of Edward the Confessor. 1891 Matthews in Lazo Times XCII. 96/1 The .. Act . • came into force immediately on its passing. 53-2 FORCE. 420 FORCE. 9 . The real import or significance (of a docu¬ ment, statement, or the like) ; the precise meaning or * value’ (of a word, sentence, etc.) as affecting its context or interpretation ; the power or value of a symbol or character. I 55 S Bonner Profit. Doctr. M iij, Thyrde is to be con¬ sidered, the vertue, force, and effecte of the sayd Sacrament. 1690 Locke Govt. 1. v. § 44 We will. .consider the Force of the Text in hand. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 58 f 2 The Examination of the Force of the Particle For. 1732 Berke¬ ley Alciphr. vii. § 5, I comprehend the force and meaning of this proposition. 1741 Chambers Cycl. s.v., In our language the s between two vowels has the Force or power of a 2.. An unite before a cypher has the Force of ten. 1756 Burke Subl. $ B. hi. § 2 Several who make use of that word [pro¬ portion], do not always seem to understand very clearly the force ot the term. 1767 Blackstone Comm. II. 353 We are next to consider the force and effect of a fine. 10 . fa. (Without article prefixed): A large quantity or number, plenty; const, of, which is omitted in quot. 13 .. (cf. F. force gens and the like). Most force : the greater part {obs.), b. A force : a large number or quantity, a great deal. The force : ? the majority. Obs. exc. dial. 13.. Coer de L . 1383 Two hundred schyppys ben wel vytailid With force hawberks, swerdes and knyvys. 1375 Barbour Bruce vm. n The men mast fors com till his pess. 1461 Liber Pluscard. xi. xi. (1877) 397 Of thi detturis maist force ar lukkin in clay, c 1570 Satir. Poems Reform. xlv. 9 6p The vther having force of freindis. 1722 De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 255 Her maid, with a force of crying.. said her master was dead. 1842 C. Sumner Let. 16 Sept, in S. Longfellow Life of H. IV. Longfellow (1886) I. 414 The force of my acquaintance was among lawyers, judges, and politicians. 1876 Whitby Gloss., ‘There was a foorce o’ folks ’, great numbers were present. 11 . Physics , etc. Used in various senses developed from the older popular uses, and corresponding to mod. scientific uses of L. vis. a. ( = Newton’s vis impressa : cf. sense 5). An influence (measurable with regard to its intensity and determinable with regard to its direction) operating on a body so as to produce an alteration or tendency to alteration of its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line; the intensity of such an influence as a measurable quantity. Recent physicists mostly retain the word merely as the name for a measure of change of motion, not as denoting anything objectively existing as a cause. 1665 Salusbury tr. Galileus'' Mech. 294 It will, .be better, the Force that moveth the Weight upwards perpendicularly .. being given, to seek the Force that moveth it along the Elevated Plane. 1686 Newton Let. 20 June in Brewster Life I. 440 In one of my papers .. above fifteen years ago, the proportion of the forces of the planets from the sun, re¬ ciprocally duplicate of their distances from him, is expressed. 1803 J. Wood Prbic. Mech. i. 15 Whatever changes, or tends to change, the state of rest or uniform rectilinear motion of a body, is called force. 1866 Argyll Reign Law ii. (ed. 4) 72 All the particles of matter exert an attractive force upon each other. 1871 B. Stewart Heat § 21 The force of gravity., is somewhat greater in London than at Paris. 1876 Tait Force in Rec. Adv . Phys. Sc. (1885) 357 Unit force is. .that force which, whatever be its source, produces unit momentum in unit of time. b. (cf. sense 2). Formerly used for what Leib¬ nitz called vis viva, now known as kinetic energy, and often extended to include potential energy: see Energy 6. Conservation of force : see Con¬ servation. . 1841 Penny Cycl. XXL 307/1 The high tide at Chepstow is accounted for on ‘ the principle of the conservation of force’. 1870 Jevons Elem. Logic xxiv. 209 Force cannot be created or destroyed by any of the processes of nature. c. The cause of any one of the classes of physical phenomena, e.g. of motion, heat, electricity, etc., conceived as consisting in principle or power in¬ herent in, or coexisting with, matter; such prin¬ ciples or powers regarded generically. According to the now prevailing view that all physical changes are modes of motion, force in its generic sense comes to denote the one principle of which the separate forces are specific forms. But sense 11 c is no longer recog¬ nized as belonging to the technical language of physics. [1732 Berkeley Alciphr. vii. § 9 Force is that in bodies which produces motion and other sensible effects.] 1842-3 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces (1846) 8, l therefore use the term Force..as meaning that active principle inseparable from matter which induces its various changes. Ibid. 21 If Heat be a force capable of producing motion, and motion be capable of producing the other modes of force. 1851 Carpenter Man. Phys. ied. 2) 10 A large number of pheno¬ mena .. resulting from the agency of forces as distinct from those of Physics and Chemistry, as they are from each other, .the forces from whose operation we assume them to result, are termed vital forces. d. transfi and fig. An agency, influence, or source of power likened to a physical force. 1785 Wilkins BJiagvat lii. 49 He was impelled by some secret force. 1868 Nettleship Browning i. 18 The passion .. whose existence as a force in the world .. he recognises. 1891 Law Times XC. 443/1 The Nisi Prius advocate who has a fair knowledge of law is still a great force in the Profession. II. Senses derived from Force v.l + 12 . The plunger of a force-pump. Obs. 1596 Harington Metam. Ajax (1814) 9 You may with a force of twenty shillings, and a pipe of eighteen pence the yard, force it from the lowest part of your house to the highest. 1659 Leak Watenuks. 34 This manner of force- Pump .. the forces do Rise and Fall Perpendicularly in their Barrels. 1747 Hooson Miner's Diet., Force, a kind of Pump often used in the Mines, that throws the Water a good height, .’tis now worn out of Vse. 13 . The upper die in a metal-stamping machine. 1879 Cassells Techn. Educ. IV. 263/2 The final strokes are given by a * force ’ cast in brass. 1886 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. CXXII. 327 The upper die was the cameo, technically the male die, punch or ‘ force '. 14 . Card-playing. An act of forcing. 1862 ‘ Cavendish * Whist (1879) 111 Y° u may assume that he is strong in trumps, and you should take the force wil¬ lingly. 1886 Academy 10 Apr. 251/2 The young player will naturally be startled by the instruction to lead trumps to an adversary who has just refused a force. 15 . Billiards. A kind of stroke (see quot.); a ‘screw-back*. U.S. 1881 Collender Mod. Billiards 23 Draw, or Force. — Striking the cue-ball one-half or more below its centre, causing it, if played full at the object-ball, to recoil or return toward the player. III. Phrases (see also senses i-io). 16 . By force of: by dint of, by virtue of; by means of (properly with the implication of strength inherent in the means). Also (later), by the force of [F. a force de.] 1411 Rolls of Parlt. III. 650/2 The forsaid Archebisshop, and Chamberleyn.. by force of the submission that the said Robert in hem hath maad, haven ordeyned. c 1450 Merlin 27 Thei can knowe many thinges be force of clergie that we can no skyll on. 1512 Act 4 Hen, VIII , c. 10 Fynes.. levyed .. by reason or force of the same Indentures. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1. ii. 2 The ankers being weied, by force of oares \a force de rames] we went to the yle of If. 1611 Bible 2 Macc. x. 24 Timotheus .. came as though hee would take Iewrie by force of armes. 1633 G. Herbert Temple, Priesthood iii, By cunning hand And force of fire, what curious things are made. 1639 Fuller Holy War iv. xii. (1640) 188 Two hundred and fourty Gentle¬ men of note died by force of the infection. 1697 C'tess D" Annoy s Trav. (1706) 32 Don Lewis was no sooner come to himself, by the force of Remidies. 1756 Burke Subl. B. hi. § 2 It is not by the force of long attention and inquiry that we find any object to be beautiful. 1879 Daily Tel. 17 June, Being by force of genius no less than by virtue of office at the head of the noble profession to which he belongs. 17 . In force : a. (see 8 c). b. Mil. Of a host, enemy, etc.: (Collected) in great military strength and large numbers (cf. sense 3). Also, in great force. [Fr. en force.'] c 1315 Shoreham 156 Ry5t develen for screawedhede Ever ine force scholle brede. 1793 Burke Rent. Pol. Allies Wks. VII. 119 When the army of some sovereign enters into the enemy's country in great force. 1810 C. James Milit. Diet. (ed. 3) s.v. Force , As the enemy were in force behind the mountains. 1836 Alison Europe (1849) V. xxxi. § 12. 306 The Republicans were unable to drive back their opponents from the. .heights, which they had occupied in force. 1885 Times (weekly ed.) 23 Jan. 3/2 The enemy is reported to be in force at Metamneh. c. of persons (usu. in great force) : In full com¬ mand of one’s powers, energies, or abilities; esp . Displaying readiness and vivacity in conversation or oratory ( colloq. ). 1849 R* G. Levinge Cromwell Doolan II. vi. 130 The young ladies, .were in the greatest possible ‘ force ’, as Fila¬ gree termed it, and full of fun. 1851 Carlyle Sterling 11. vii. (1872) 142 Latterly Calvert was better..He was in force again. 1857 A. H. Elton Below Surface vi. (i860) 60 Sir Eliot Prichard, quite at his ease, and in high force. 1857 Ld. Houghton in Life (1891) II. xii. 18 M. Guizot is in great force, and full of political and literary gossip. + 18 . Of force : with inf , strong or powerful enough, a&le to do something. Cf. 1 b, 3 b, 7 c, S b. 1598 Gerarde Herball 11. iv. 182 Lyons Turnep is of force to digest. 1613 Sir J. Hayward Lives 3 Normans 90 After his death, the inhabitants were of force to expell the strangers. 1632 Le Grys tr. Veil. Paterc. Ep. Ded. A 3 b, I did not beleeve there had beene any power..of force to make me [etc.]. 1677 N. Cox Gentlem. Recr. (ed. 2) i. 95 Young Hares are neither of force nor capacity to use such subtleties. + 19 . Of {ox on) force : of necessity, on compul¬ sion, whether one will or no, unavoidably, neces¬ sarily, perforce. (Cf. Perforce, +Afforce.) Also, of fine force (see Fine a. 3), of very force . Obs. c 1400 Rom. Rose 1796 In wele and wo Of force togidre they must go. 1508 Dunbar Poems iv. 95 On forse I man his nyxt pray be. 1587 Turberv. Trag. T. Hist, iv, There laye he close in wayte within the cops whereas Full well he knew that Guardastan of very force must passe. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 11. v. § 2 (1873) 106 Their inquiries must of force have been of a far other kind than they are. ^1645 Heywood & Rowley Fort, by Land 11. Wks. 1874 VI. 381 Since you must hire one on force, as good him as another. 1703 Rowe Ulysses iv. i. 1477 You must of Force delay it. + b. It is {of) force : it is necessary or inevitable. Const, that. ., or ( for a person) to do. Obs. 1483 Caxton Cato Fiv, It was force that he shold retourne into the worlde. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 566 For euirilk fait quhilk force is to fulfill. 1563 Winzet Cert. Tractates. (1890) II. 60 Gif we sal begin to mixt noueltie with antiquitie .. force it is that this maner spring vp vniuersalie. c 1565 LiNDESAY(Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. 104 It was force for the said Sir Patrick Hamilton to light on Foot. 1802 H. Martin Helen of Glenross III. 272 Is it of force you must render yourself contemptible? + 20 . It is force : it is of consequence or impor¬ tance ; usu. neg. it is no force (also, it maketh no force), it does not matter. So (without verb) what force ?, no force = ‘ what matter V, ‘no matter *. Const, though.., if.., whether .., or relative clause; also absol. and parenthetic. [So in OF.] Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 13044 (Cott.) Of hir nam es na force to tell, c 1340 Ibid. 20683 (Trin ), I shal 30U telle for hit is fors where k enne bicome hir cors. c 1369 Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 522 ‘ A ! goode sir, no fors ’ quod I. c 1386 — Merch. T. 591 It is no fors howlonge that we pleye. a 1400- 50 Alexander 471 pofe j>ou haue forfet, na force, so has fele othire. a 1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868 33 He is but a trom- per and a iaper, no fors, late us sende for hym. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 325 Trino or terno , no force whether. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vii. 575 What force, though sathan .. Do hym rewarde? 1540 Sir R. Sadler in St. Papers (1809) I. 25 4 Well’, quoth he, ‘it is no force’. 1551 Recorde Pathw. Knowl. 1. xxvi ? Parte that arche line into two partes, equall other vnequall, it maketh no force. 1581 T. Howell Denises (1879) 210 Imbrace the good, as for the rest, no force how they thee take. 1612 J. Davies Muses Sacrif. etc. (Grosart) 82/2 She neuer yet so much as smiled on me; No force, sith I my selfe the better know. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. 1. 19 They are Dutch Colours : no force, the worst of Enemies. + b. Const, of ox for (a thing) = it does not matter about, no need to care for. Obs. C1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 20 Of his body was no force, non for him wild murne. c 1374 Chaucer Compl. Mars 197 But were she sauf, hit were no fors of me. i486 Bk. St. Albans C j a, Bot therof it is no force iff she be hole. 1529 More Dyaloge 1. Wks. 131/2 It was of lyklyhode the same night, or some other time sone after. .No force for the time quod he. 1578 Whetstone Promos $ Cass. 1. 11. iv, No force for that, each shyft for one. + 21 . To make {do, give, take, have, let, kythe, set) force : to make account (of), attach importance (to), give heed (to), care (for). Const, of (rarely for , at, by, in) ; also with infin. or dependent clause, and absol. Obs. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 10286 Lytel fors of hym pou 3yues. c 1325 Metr. Horn. 43 Elies forze wald he nan mak Quether his clething war quit or blac. 1350 Will. Paler)ie 3651 Of here fon no fors j? e i ne leten. c 1369 Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 542 ‘I do no fors therof’ quod he. c 1430 Lydgate Min. Poems 160 Som yeve no fors for to be forsworn, c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 5392 Monkes hors to gest he had na fors In a hyrne of his Innes. 1470-85 Malory Arthur 11. iii. 79, I take no force though I haue bothe their hedes. 1483 Cron. Englande (1510) R j a, Kynge Edwardes sone set by the Scottes no force. 1509 Barclay Shyp Folys (1874) I. 173 Thou ought to be as- shamyd To set so great fors for sylver or for golde. 1523 Ld. Berners Froissart (1812) I. 770 Sir Hugh Caurell made no force at his wordes. Ibid. I. 419 With the whiche the prince was sore displeased, and set lesse force in y° men of the churche, in whom before he hadde great trust. 1581 J. Bell Haddons Answ. Osorius 512b, I make no force whether any medicine be applied. 1664 Floddan Field iii. 26 And of their lives took little force. + 22 . a. Hunting. To hunt (etc.) at force (also of or by force) : to run ^the game) down with dogs; to hunt in the open with the hounds in full cry. Obs. [Cf. OF. courir les cerfs a force ( 15th c. in Littre ; F. par force remains in Ger. parforcejagd , the ordinary term for a formal ‘ hunt ’ in the English sense.] 1575 Laneham Let. (1871) 13 Too ryde foorth into the Chase too hunt the Hart of fors. 1576 Turberv. Vencrie i. 3 In hunting the Raynedeare at force. 1637 B. JoNSON^SVtf/ Sheph. 1. vi, Rob. And hunted yee at force? Mar. In a full cry. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. 1. (1677) 45 If .. you should run him at force out of a Toil. Ibid. 55 The King of Poland makes use of them in his hunting of great Beasts by force. + b. To make force at, to, upon: to rush vio¬ lently at, attack, assail. Obs. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts 145 The dog .. made force vpon him, and the Lyon likewise at the Dogge. Ibid. 158 Vpon signs giuen them to which of the stragling beastes they ought to make force. . 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. 1. (1677) 62 Their manner is. .to make force at him with their. Horns. IV. 23 . Comb. (? of the sb. or the verb-stem): force-piece (see quot.); force-pipe, the pipe of a force-pump in which the piston works. Also Force-pump. 1842 Gwilt Encycl. Archit. § 2222 When the height of the force pipe is greater or less than the length of the suction pipe. 1882 Ogilvie, Force-piece in mining, a piece of timber placed in a level shaft to keep the ground open. Force (f6 <76V/£j(i865) 169 The foullisfairsaforcelie thay fle. 1508 Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemcn 430. Full oft I blenk by my buke .. To se quhat berne .. forgeit is maist forcely. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 150 In thair de¬ fence thair war tha slane ilk man, Syne forcelie on thame the toun tha wan. Force-meat (fo^usim/t). [f. Force vf + Meat.] Meat chopped fine, spiced, and highly seasoned, chiefly used for stuffing or as a garnish. Also att rib ., as force-meat ball. 1688 R. Holme Armoury iii. iii. 82/2 Force Meat, is Meat with a stuffing of Herbs, or other things made to that purpose. 1747 Mrs. Glasse Cookery 13 To make Force- Meat Balls. Ibid. 44 Stuff the Bellies of the Pigeons with Force Meat made thus. 1853 Soyer Pantroph. 147 Preserve the intestines entire, and .. fill them with force meat. 1892 Encycl. Cookery (Garrett) I. 605 Forcemeat Cutlets. Forcement (foausment). [a. F. forcemeat i.force-r : see Force v? and -ment.] +1. a. Strengthening ; in quot. Jig. encourage¬ ment. b. concr. Something which strengthens; a fortification. Obs. 1382 Wyclif Isa. xxv. 12 And the forsemens, or strengthis [Vulg. muuimenta ] of thin he3e walles shul togidere falle, and be lowid. 1533 Bellenden Livy v. (1822) 314 Thir wourdis gif. .grete audacite and forcement to the Volschis. 1 2. An act of deforcement: see Deforcement 2. 1479 Act. Dom . Cone. (1839) 33 Vnlawis of grenewod, mureburne, forsmentis. + 3. Compulsion; also, a compelling motive. 1524 Pace Let. Hen. VIII. in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. App. xi. 20 Without great forcement to go bolt upright, wee could not avoide to fal down headlyng. 1541 Cranmer in St. Papers (1836) I. 691 A 1 that Derame did unto her was of his importune forcement. 1565 Golding Ovid's Met. xi. (1593) 266 Thine owne renowme, thy grandsire Jove are forcements thereunto. 1607 Dekker Hist. Sir T. Wyatt Wks. 1873 IH. 122 It was impos’d vpon vs by constraint.. And will you count such forcement treacherie? 1634 W. Wood New Eng. Prosp. (1865) 24 They haveseene a Deare leape three score feet at little or no forcement. 4. Gunnery. (See quot.) 1892 Field 10 Dec. 915/2 Neither the diameter of the chamber nor the ‘forcement’ of the projectiles has any primary influence on the recoil, note, This is a French word, for which we have no English equivalent, .it has, however, been Anglicised, and is now generally used in gunnery treatises. Its signification is the excess of diameter of the projectile over that of the bore. + Forcene, v- Obs. Also forsene. [a. F. forcener , forsener, f. fors (see For- pref?) -f OF. sen sense.] intr. To be or become mad or frantic. 1490 Caxton Eneydos xviii. 68 O man of all other the moost forcened oute of thy wyt. Ibid, xxviii. j 08 She all atones forsened as a persone that ys madde. II Forcene (f^'-is’n*?). Her. [a. Y.forcent, pa. pple. of forcener : see prec.] (See quot.) 1725 Coats Diet. Herald.. Forcene, as Cheval Forcene', is a Horse rearing or standing on his hinder Legs. 1889 in Elvin Diet. Her. FORCENERY. 423 + Forcenery. Obs. [a. OF. forcencrie, f. forcetter-. sec Forcene v.] Madness. 1480 Caxton (hud's Met. x. vii, Yf it be of rage or for- cenerye. 1484 — Ryall Bk. C vj, Suche folye is callyd for- senerye or woodnesse. t Fo rceness. Obs. [? f. Force zG + -ness.] Force, strength, violence. 13.. Gaw. Gr. Ant. 646 J?at aile his forsnes he fong at he fyue ioyez [of the Virgin Mary], 1519 Horman Vulg. 268 We may dispoynt and alaye the forcenes of our ennemles by ofte remouynge of the hoste. Forcepped (fjr.isept), a. nottce-wd. [f. For- cep(s + -ed 2 .] Having or provided with forceps. 1845 Hood Winter Nosegay ii, Sour leaf To garden thief, Forcepp’d or winged, was never a temptation. Forceps (fjrjseps). sing, and pi. Also 8 sing. foreep, pi. 7-8 foreipes, 9 forcepses. [a. L .for- \ ceps, pi. foreipes in same sense.] 1. An instrument of the pincers kind, used for seizing and holding objects, csp. in surgical and obstetric operations. sing. 1670 Boyle Wks. (1772) III. 369 Motions .. excited by our rousing her with a forceps. 1759 Sterne TV. Shandy II. xi. 70 Thou hast left thy tire tetc ,—thy new-invented for¬ ceps..behind thee. 1822 Imison Sc. <$• Art I. 279 A for¬ ceps, or pair of pliers, for taking up insects or other objects. 1832 Babbage Econ. Mann/, xix. (ed. 3) 187 The forceps draws the wire on to a distance equal in length to one pin. 1855 Ramsbotham Obstetr. Med. 292 One of the most valu¬ able instruments employed in Obstetric Surgery..is the Long Forceps. pi. 1634 T. Johnson Parey’s Chirurg. xvii. xiii. (1678) 389 Then must the tooth be taken hold of with some of these toothed foreipes. 1685 Loud. Gaz. No. 2054/4 A pair °f Steel Forceps. 1823 H. H. Wilson in Oriental Mag. I. 352 They were, therefore, pincers, nippers, or foreipes. 1875 Buckland Log-bk. 140 By using a long pair of forceps. 2. Anal., Kilt., and Zodl. Some organ or part of the body that has the shape of, or may be used as, a forceps. + Also, one of the two branches of this. sing. 1661 Lovell Hist. Anim. <$• Min. Introd., The Squills have a taile, but no forceps. 1759 Goldsm. Bee No. 4 (Globe) 378/2 Furnished with a forceps above the mouth. 1765 Univ. Mag. XXXVII. 9/1 The eggs at the origin of each forceps, .would contain but one foreep. 1828 Stark Eletn. Nat. Hist. II. 153 P. corrugatus , Bose..for¬ ceps serrated. 1871 Darwin Desc. Man I. ix. 329 One of the two posterior legs, .is converted into a forceps. pi. 1667 E. King in Phil. Trans. II. 425 Never leaving to pinch them on the head with their Forceps or Claws. 1713 Derham Phys. Theol. iv. xi. 190 Which is done by piercing their Prey with their Foreipes. 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. vii. (1873) 191 These forceps can seize firmly hold of any object. Ibid., Tridactyle forcepses. .certainly exist on some star-fishes. 3. attrib. and Comb, (with reference to obstetric practice), as forceps-case , - delivery , - practice . 1879 J. M. Duncan Led. Pis. Women ii. (1889) 6 The result of injury, as by forceps-delivery. Ibid. vi. 26 Simply spoken of as forceps cases. Ibid. 27, I shall here make one remark in judging of the forceps-practice referred to. Fo •rce-pump. [f. Force sb. or v. + PumpjA] 1. A pump employed to force water, etc. beyond the range of atmospheric pressure. 1659 Leak Watcrwks. 34 This manner of force-Pump, which is one of the best Inventions. 1754 W. Emerson Princ. Mech. (1758) 276 Force pump, a pump that dis¬ charges water by pressing it upwards. 1825 J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 281 The fire-engine by Rowntree is a double force-pump. 2. (See quot.) 1858 Simmonds Did. Trade, Force-pump, .the plunger pump for supplying the boiler of a locomotive engine. Fo rce-put. Now dial. Also 7-8 forced put [perh. forced put was a term of some game, = ‘ forced move’; see Forced///, a. 2 b and Put.] An action rendered unavoidable by circumstances; a 4 Hobson’s choice’. 1657 G. Starkey HelmonVs Find. 328 To give poysons to purge, in expectation that Nature being forced to play a desperate game, and reduced to a forc’t put, may [etc.]. 1662 Sir A. Mervyn Speech on Irish Affairs 3 It must be therefore a forc'd Put, that presseth us on to this address. c 1680 Hickeringill Hist. Whiggism Wks. 1716 I. 118 Sometimes the Laws being put in Execution at a force-put, and then again slackning the Reins and following natural inclination. 1748-61S. Richardson ClarissaH. (1811/VII.63 It is, truly, to be ingenuous, a forced put: for my passions are so wound up, that I am obliged either to laugh or cry. 1772 Nugent Hist. Friar Gerund I. 526 He thought that it might pass for a case of necessity, or forced-put. 1876 in N. <5 Q. Ser. v. V. 266 A tradesman [of Torquay] told me.. that he had left his house very early, .‘but not from choice, 'twas a force-put \ 1892 Northumb. Gloss., Force-put. t Fo •rcer L Obs. Forms: 4 fosser, 4-5 for- * cere, (5 foorcere, forcyer), forser, (6 fo(r)sar), 5-6 focer, (6 fostler), 4 - 7 , 9 Hist, forcer, [a. OY. forcer, forcier. Cf. It. forziere.~\ A chest, coffer, or casket. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. A. 263 Her were a forser for J?e in faye, If [>ou were a gentyl Iueler. c 1400 Sorudone Bab. 2303, I have a girdil in my Forcer, c 1460 La Belle Dame sanz Mercy 65 in Pol. Eel. L. Poems (1866) 54 Fortune with strengthe the forcere hath vnshete where-ynne was spradde al my worldly richesse. 1530 Palsgr. 203/1 Casket or fosar, escrain. 1531 in Weaver Wells Wills (1890) 148 My wif shall have her coffer and her fostler to her own use. 1577 Hanmer A tic. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 244 A basket or forsar full of Gold. 1669 Sturm y Mariner s Mag. Suppl. Summ. 2 Any Painted Wares, Forsers,Caskets, .are forfeited if any such be Imported.. Vide Stat. 4 Edw. 4. 1863 Sir G. Scott Glean. Westm. Abb. (ed. 2) 96 A forcer, a receptacle for documents, not unlike a kettledrum in shape. Comb. 1411 Close Roll, 12 Hen. IV, b, Johannes White- berd, forcermaker. Forcer 2 (fo-'Msoi). [f. Force vZ + -er k] 1 . One who or that which forces. *556 Aiirelio <$• I sab. (1608) K iij, They will that she dey the which hathe beane forcede, and the forcer liffe. 1581 Mulcaster Positions xiv. (1887) 67 Where feare is the forcer, and not free will. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 175 The conqueror and great forcer of cities. 1616 Chapman Homer s H ymn Hermes 669, I, in no similitude apper’d Of powre to be the forcer of a Herde. 1659 Milton Civ. Po'wer Wks. 1738 I. 551 How much bloodshed have the forcers of Con¬ science to answer for. a 1749 Chalkley Whs. (1766) 381 Those Forcers know not of what Spirit they are of. 1832 Examiner 258/2 Necessity is a great forcer. 2 . An instrument or means for forcing. + a. Something with which to force (window bars); ? a crowbar. Obs. 1649 Ciias. I. Let. in Kingston Ilcrtfdsh. in Civ. War (1894) 126 If I had a forcer, I would make no question of it, but having nothing but fyles. .my time will be too scant. b. The plunger or piston of a force-pump. 1634 J. B[ate] Myst. Nat. 8 A Forcer is a plug of wood exactly turned and leathered about. 1725 Specif. R. New- sham’s Patent No. 479 The forcers being guided by the arch of a double wheel. 1825 J. Nicholson Ope7-at. Mechanic 267 On the descent of the forcer, the lower valve shuts. 1867 in Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. c. A force-pump. 1731 Beighton in Phil. Trans. XXXVII. 8 Besides these four Forcers, there are four more placed at the other Ends of the Libras, or Levers. 1778 Pryce Min. Cornub. 321 Forcer a small pump worked by hand, used in sinking of small. .Pits. 1883 in Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining. + d. A contrivance for propelling water. Obs. 1598 Stow Surv. iii. (1603) iS 1 'hames water conueyed into mens houses by pipes of leade, from a most artificial forcier. 1610 Holland Camden’s Brit. 1. 435 Maurice..by meanes of a forser or wheele. .brought water, .into a great part of the city. 1730-6 Bailey (folio), Forcier, a water¬ mill ; an engine to convey water from one place to another. fe. An agent for quickening the growth of plants, etc. Obs. ^ a 1722 Lisle Hnsb. (1752) 136 Nitre, blood, soot &c. all have been found great forcers. t Fo*rcer 3 . Obs. rare. [f. Force v . 2 + -er L] One who forces wool. *553 Act 1 Mary Sess. in. c. 7 § 1 Sheer-men and Dyers, Forcers of Wools, Casters of Wools and Sorters of Wools. + Fo*rcet. Obs. Forms: 5-8 forset, (6 for£et, forsset), 6-8 fosset, 6-7 foreet. [? shortened form of Forcelet 2.] A little ‘forcer ’ or chest. 1426 E. E. Wills (1882) 70 f>e forset that Thomas Essexie wot where is. 1548 Thomas Ital. Gram. (1567) N ij b, For - ciere , a forset or a little coafer. 1577-87 Holinshed Chro7t. II. 590 A number of chests, coffers, and forssets. 1656 in Blount Glossogr. 1721-92 in Bailey. t Fo’rcets , sb.pl. Obs. rare. [a. AF. forcetles scissors, dim. of forces', see Force z/. 2 ] Scissors. 1474 Caxton Chesse 77 In his right hand a payr of sheris or forcettis. Forchafed, Forchanged : see Yon-prefi 6,8. + Forcha*se, v. Obs. [ad. OF. forschacier , f. fors-y For- pref .3 + chacier to chase. Cf. For- catch.] trails. a. To chase or drive away; to put to flight, b. To tire with chasing or running. a 1300 Cursor M. 6977 (Cott.) An hundreth moght for- chace, Quils J>ai wit J>am had godds grace, a 1510 Douglas King Hart 1. xxxiii, Radour ran hame full fleyit and for- chaist. 1549 Chaloner Erasni. Morize Enc. P ij a, Manfully forchasyng of hir enemies. t Forclie, sb. Obs. [a. OF .forche : see Fork sb.~\ 1 . In pi. Gallows. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 2881 pan scholtou don pe forchys there.. And to-morwe let pes be par an honge. Ibid. 2970 par pat pe fourchys was. 1584 J. Hooker Descr. Excester (1765) 82 He commanded Forches and Gallows to be set up in sundry Places. 2 . Hunting. (See Fodch.) Forche (fyije), a. Her. [ad. F .fourchZe, fem. of fourchi, f. fourche fork.] (See qnot.) 1889 Elvin Diet. Her., Forche or Fourchee, divided into two parts towards the extremity. Forche: var. of Fodrche. v. Obs. t FoTCher. Obs. rare. [prob. a derivative of OY. forche, fourch (see Fodch).] The hindermost part of a deer’s nombles or entrails. i486 Bk. St. A lba7is E vij b, The hyndermost parte of the nomblis thene That is to say the Forchers. 1595 Markham Gentl. Acad. 35 b, The hindermost part of the vmbles be called the Forchers. Forchet, obs. form of Forgett. + FoTClmre. Obs. rare. [ad. Y. fourchiire (f. fourche fork) in same sense.] The fork of the body. £1380 Sir Ferumb. 551 A man of gret stature .. & long man in forchure. Forcibility (fdousibrliti). [f. next: see ability, -ITY.] The quality of being forcible. 1770 Char, in Ann. Reg. 52/2 The repeated justice of his opinions, and forcibility of his pleadings. 1886 Academy 16 Oct. 253/3 Two people who. .cannot be denied a certain originality of opinion and forcibility in expressing it. Forcible (fo^Msib’l), a. Also 6-8 forceable, 8 forciable. [a. OF. forcible , f. force Force sb. The form foi'ceablc is as if f. Force + -able.] 1 . Done by force; involving the use of force or FORCIBLE. violence ; esp. in Law, Forcible detainer, entry (see I quot. 1769 ). «• _ t 1 39 I Act 15 Rich. II, c. 2 A toutz les foitz que tielx forcibles entrees soient faitz.] c 1422 Hoccleve Learn to die, Joys Heavc 7 i, For the kyngdam of heuene souffrith for¬ cible and mighty assautes of vertu. 1527 Rastell Abridg7)i. Stat. 96 Them that make forcyble entre in beneficis. 1555 Eden Decades 273 They prouided for th[e] indempnitie of theyr owne estate by forcible extenuatinge the gooddes .. of them whom they desired to kepe in subiection. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. 11. xxi. 113 That Liberty of Forcible Entry, was taken away by a Statute made in Parliament. 1667 Mil- ton P. L. 11. 793 In embraces forcible and foule. 1767 Blackstone Comm. II. 390 The stealing, or forcible ab¬ duction, of such property as this, is also felony. 1769 Ibid. IV. xi. 147 A forcible entry or detainer; which is committed by violently taking or keeping possession, with menaces, force, and arms, of lands and tenements, without the. authority of law. 1816 J. Scott Vis. Paris (ed. 5) p. xlvi, A forcible dissolution of it [the Chamber] was intended. 1837 Adolphus & Ellis in Rep. K. Be 7 ich Div. III. 817 A conviction of forcible detainer dated September 3d, 1834. 1844 H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 316 To compel, by for¬ cible means, .submission to the authority which was to be substituted. 1868 Freeman Norm. Co 7 iq. (1876) II. vii. 152 He determined, .on a forcible return to his country. P- 1548 Udall, etc. Eras 7 ii. Par. Luke v. 19 The shame of forceable breakyng into this or that mannes house. 1683 Salmon Do 7 -on Med. 1. 50 Which is a forceable drawing away. 1688 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. I. 236 Praying relief against a forceable Entry and Deteiner. 2. Possessing force, fa. Of persons, material things, natural agencies, etc.: Strong, powerful. a. 1555 Eden Decades 311 Dryuen by forcyble wyndeto an vnknowen lande. 1555 Abp. Parker Ps. cx. 5 Most forcible, He shall great kyngs and Cesars wound, In day of wrath. 1578 Banister Hist. Man in. 42 In the inside of the wrest, is a forcible Ligament. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World v. vi. § 11 He prepared a forcible armie to attend him. 1677 Hale Prim. Orig. Man. 1. i. 29 Those subtil, invisible and forcible Engins which we call the Animal Spirits. 1700 Prior Carmen Sec. 419 Like mingled Streams, more forcible when join’d. 1802 Bingley A 7 iim. Biog. (1813) III. 70 Indeed, so thick and so forcible was the shoal, as to carry before it every other kind of fish. P. 1561 T. Norton Calvin !s hist. 11. 158 Strong forceable defences, whereby it may be safe against outward violence. a 1618 Raleigh Prerog. Pari. (1628) 19 The forceable Lords his enemies. 1634-5 Brereton Trav. (Chetham Soc.) 54 The wind, .was so forceable as it repelled the waters. + b. followed by to with inf. Obs. a. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. iii. x. § 3 That punishment, which hath bene sometimes forcible to bridle sinne. 1601 R. Johnson Kingd. $ Commw. (1603) 167 Cosmus, a kind of charmed-sower-mares milke verie forcible to turne the braine. 1658 Whole Duty Man x. § 8. 80 There being generally nothing more forcible to bring men into any sinful practice, than the seeing it used by others. p. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 34 Which reasons of his, are verie forceable to make him yeald to the foresaide matter in question, a 1641 Bp. Mountagu Acts Sp Mon. iii. 222 Nothing is more forceable to convince all forrainers. 1710 T. Fuller Pha 7 ‘m. Extemp. 349 These [pills] are forceable to bring the necessary Pains in Child-Birth. c. Of actions, words, representations: Producing a powerful effect, telling. Of reasoning: Having logical force, strong, convincing. a. 1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 47 So forcible an antecedent it was most likeli there would follow as effec¬ tual a consequent. 1594 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 11. 527 But that argument of all others is most forcible. 1729 Butler Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 39 We may observe somewhat very forcible and expressive in these words. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 105 Reasons, at least as forcible as those which [etc.]. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. vi, With the natural need of a strong rough man in anger, to do something forcible. 1874 L. Stephen Hours in Library (1892) I. i. 13 One man sees everything in the forcible light and shade of Rembrandt. 1884 Church Bacon ix. 223 His Latin.. is singularly forcible and expressive. p. 1570-6 Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1S26) 483 Against which assertion, that which is saide 10. H. 3.. .is not greatly forceable. 1612 T. Taylor Comm. Titus ii. 14 Another forceable argument. 1738 Warburton Div. Legat. I. 54 In Beasts the Instinct is invincibly forceable. d. Hence of an author, painter, etc. 1787 G. Gregory tr. Lowth's Sacred Poct 7 y Hebrews II. xxi, He is at once elegant and sublime, forcible and ornamented. 1791 Burke Let. Langrishe Wks. 1842 I. 560, I might have been more forcible and more clear, if I had not been interrupted as I have been. 1828 D’Israeli C/ias I, II. xi. 286 The most forcible of portrait-painters. + 3. Necessary, unavoidable, indispensable. Obs . 1622 R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea (1847) 116 Our forcible businesse being ended. 1574 Hellowes Gueuara’s Fa 7 n. Ep. (1577) 70 Their forceable and necessarie perils. + 4. ‘Valid, binding, obligatory’ (J.). Obs. 1584 Fenner Def Ministers (1587) 149 The Lawe was enacted, and stoode forceable. 5 . quasi -adv. = Forcibly. a. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Cofiq. E. Did. iii. 8 b, Sea Woulfes .. so wilde and fierce, that they do forcible set vpon men. 1601 Holland Plhiy II. 621 Neither doth it strike or pierce the sight so forcible, as the Rubies do. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. xi, The wind blew more forcible. p. 1598 Manwood Lawes Forest i. § 3 (1615) 23/2 Y e more forceable to shew y J same, there is used this word. Hence Fcrrcibleness. 1563 Fulke Meteors 24 Either for the smal quantitie 8 c lesse forcibles [?a misprint; or perh. for *forciblesse\ 1581 Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 67 Bewrayed, by that same forciblenes. .of the writer, a 1652 J. Smith Sel. Disc. vi. 229 The forcibleness of its operation upon the heart of the prophet. 1890 Talmage Fro 7 /i Manger to Throne 244 Mark's greater forcibleness of statement. FORCIBLE FEEBLE. 424 FORD. Fo rcible fee'ble. [after Shakspere : see quot. 1597-] A. feeble person who makes great pretence of vigour ; also used atlrib. or as adj. [1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, 111. ii. 179, Shal. Francis Feeble ! Fee. Here, Sir. .Fal. I cannot put him to a priuate souldier, that is the Leader of so many thousands. Let that suffice, most Forcible Feeble.] 1844 Disraeli Coningsby 1. v, Italics, that last resource of the Forcible Feebles. 1850 N. Brit. Rev. XIII. 2 Epithets .. in the bad taste of the forcible- feeble school. 1896 Daily News 15 June 6/6 The forcible Feebles who control the destinies, .of the Party. Forcibly (fo®\isibli), adv. [f. Forcible -f -ly^.] In a forcible manner. 1 . By or with force; also, against one’s will. 1543 tr - Act 15 Rich. II, c. 2 Any that holdeth suche place forcybly after suche entrye made, a 1641 Bp. Mountagu Acts $ Mon. iv. (1642) 283 His father, .intended to take her from him forceably. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 173 Points and islands, which forcibly shift the bed of the river. 1867 Smiles Huguenots Eng. ix. (1880) 147 A Roman Catholic relative, .had the girl forcibly conveyed to the convent. 2 . With powerful effect, energetically, strongly, vigorously; also, convincingly. 1578 T. Wilcocks Serm. Pawles 20 The Spirit of God dothe moste forceably expresse this matter by this word. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay s Voy. 11. xii. 46 b, Work¬ ing so forcibly with ores, that wee entred into the port. 1642 H. More Song of Soul 11. iii. 11. xiii, It shall thy reason forceably convince. 1782 Paine Let. Abbe Raynal(ij$i) 47 Perhaps no two events ever united so forceably to expel pre¬ judice. 1843 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. I. 214 He reminded me forcibly of the Princess Huncamunca. 1874 L. Stephen Hours in Library (1892) II. i. 5 It would be impertinent to say again in feebler language what Carlyle has expressed so forcibly. Forcing (foousig), vbl. sb. [see -ing k] 1 . The action of the vb. Force. 1382 Wyclif 2 Kings v. 16 And whanne forsynge he made, vtturly he assentyde not. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vii. xv. (1495) 234 Leest there be grete dyssolucion of the brayne by a forsynge of voyce. 14.. Tretyce in Walter of Henley’s Husb. (1890) 50 Se welle yo r mowere hold not his ryght honde afore to hyghe be hynde hym so [?at he kyt asonder J? e grasse in }>e mydis and J?is defaute is callid forsyng. 1514 Barclay Cyt. <$• Uplondyshtn. (Percy Soc.) 27 Forsynge of women, murdre and rapyne. 1634 J. B[ate] Myst. Nat. 1. 15 The forcing of water by pressure. 1704 Lond. Gaz. No. 4047/4 A black Mare, with some white Hairs in her forehead by forcing. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 306 The forcing of his [Hough’s] door was every¬ where mentioned with abhorrence. + 2 . cotter. A material used in 1 forcing* wine. 1 731-3 P. Shaw Chem. Led. (1755) 209 Skimmed Milk likewise is a proper Forcing for all white Wines. 1743 Lond. a knyf. 1398 — Barth. De P. R. (1495) xvii. xcii. 660 Letuse. .heelyth synewes that are for- kytte. 1440 J. Shirley Dethe K. James (1818) 19 The Kyng strogild with hem, for to have berevyd thame thare knyvys; by the which labur his handis wer all forkute. t Fo'rcy, a. Obs. Chiefly north, [f. Force sbP + -y 1 .] Full of force, powerful, strong. 1375 Harbour Bruce ti. 242 Othir fele folk, forsye in fycht. c 1470 Henry Wallace v. 291 The forseast ay rudely rabutyt he. 1508 Dunbar Tua mariit Wemen 85 A forky fure, ay furthwart, and forsy in draucht. 1586 Warner A lb. Eng. ill. xiv. 66 An Annie greate Of forcie Gawles. Ford (fb-ud), sb. Forms : 1 ford, 3 south, vord, 4-6fo(o)rde,4-5furd,forth(e,(4fourde,foorth, 5 fuxthe, 6 furde), 6-7 foord, 7 foard, 3- ford. [OE .ford str. masc. = OS. ford (in place-names), OHG. furt (MHG. vurt, mod.Ger. furt) WGer. *furdu z pre-Teut. *prtii-s, found in OWelsh rit, now rhyd ford, L. porlus Tort, harbour, f. Aryan root *pcr-, Teut. *fer-, far-, fur- to go, pass : see Fare v. The ON. fprSr Fiord ( \—*ferfu-z\— *pertus) differs in ablaut grade.] 1 . A shallow place in a river or other water, where a man or beast may cross by wading. C893 K. ./Elfred Oros. v. xii. § 2 Neh psem forda pe mon hset Welengaford. c 1000./Elfric Gen. xxxii. 22 He. .oferfor pone ford. C1205 Lay. 20159 Ar 3 ur. .for-stod heom pene uord. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 187 Passage non he nam, pe forthes wer withsette. 1382 Wyclif Josh. ii. 7 Thei. .folweden hem bi the weye that ledith to the foordis of Jordan, c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. xxvi. 115 Ane met pame in pe Forde, Dat prewaly.. Led pame wp by pe Wattyr syne. 1535 Coverdale Isa. x. 28 At Machmas shal he muster his hooste, and go ouer y° foorde. 1792 Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 27 The fords must have been impassable in those floods. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. vi, Her future Lord Was drown’d in passing thro' the ford. 1875 F. Hall in Lippincott’s Mag. XVi. 749/1 The guide had strayed off* the ford, and I was foundering in a quicksand. Proverb. 1575 Gascoigne Cert. Notes of Instr. (Arb.) 34 Let vs take the forde as we finde it. 1637 Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. ciii. 262, I praise and commend the ford (as we use to speak) as I find it. + 2 . a. A tract of shallow water, b. Used (like L. vaduvi) for : The sea {rare— 1 ), c. pod . A stream, current (primarily with reference to pas¬ sage). Obs. 1563 Fulke Meteors 56 b, Brookes, boornes or fordes, bee small streames of water, that ronne in a channell. Ibid., Ryuers are caused by the meatynge. .of many brookes and fordes. 1565 Golding Ovid's Met. vi. (1593) 143 Their ship from land with ores was haled on the foord. a 1599 Spenser (Webster 1864), With water of the ford Or of the clouds, to moisten their roots dry. 1610 W. Folkingham Art of Sin-vey 1. x. 24 Boggie. .grounds are. .fastened and firmed by frequent ouer-flowing them with Fords or Land- fiouds. C1645 Howell Lett. (1688) IV. 495 A deep Foard wherein an Elephant might swim. 1661 Lovell Hist. Auim. Min. Introd., They live in the deep sea, and when they bring forth, they goe to foords and shores, a 1780 Ball. Johnie Cock iii. in Child Ballads v. cxiv. (1888) 3/1 And for a drop of thy heart’s bluid, They wad ride the fords of hell. 3 . attrib., as ford-way. 1721 in Temple & Sheldon Hist. Northfield , Mass. (1875) 223 Between Deerfield and Northfield. .20 rods west of the fordway. 1858 J. F. Redfield Law Railways (1869) I. 231 Where a ford-way was destroyed, by the erection of a dam across a river. Ford (lonid), v. [f. prec. sb.] 1 . trans. To cross (water) by means of a ford ; to wade through. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World I. iii. § 6 Adam’s shin-bones must haue contayned a thousand fadome.. if he had foorded the Ocean, a 1674Clarendon Hist. Reb. ix. §88 His Horse.. ! should at the same time Ford the Severn.. and so joyn with 1 his Foot. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World( 1840) 340 They found the river so shallow, that they easily forded it. 1849 Grote Greece 11. lxx. (1862) VI. 260 As no mention is made of a bridge, we are to presume that they forded the river. 1884 Sat. Rev. 14 June 780/1 An old woman in a cart is fording the brook. fg. a 1641 Bp. Mountagu Acts <$• Mon. (1642) 299 The truth at last he foorded. 1642 Milton Apol. Smed. (1851) 318 His last Section which is no deepe one, remains only to be foarded. 1701 Rowe A mb. Step-Moth. 1. i, This Ad¬ vantage may at least be made To ford his Shallow Soul, b. causatively. 1726 De Foe Hist. Devil 1. xi, God intended to ford the Israelites over the Sea. 2 . intr. To cross {over) by means of a ford. 1675 Ogilby Brit. 90 You ford over the Owse. 1727 Philip Quarll (1816) 5 In some places too shallow for boats, and in others too deep to ford over. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. III. 93 She durst not venture to put her feet into it for the purpose of fording over. 1823 Southey Hist. Pcnins. War I. 727 Some of their detach¬ ments forded both on the right and left of the Spaniards' position. b. To wade. rare. 1748 Voy. Disc. I. 93 Goslings in the londs, amongst which our People had the greatest Success, as they could ford into the Water, and reach them with Cutlashes. fig. 1817 Coleridge Lay Serm. 408 In the New Testa¬ ment there are shallows where the lamb may ford, and depths where the elephant must swim. FORDABLE. 425 FORDULL. Ford, Ford-: see Forth, Forth-. Fordable (fo®udab’l), a. [f. Ford v. + -able ] That may be forded. 1611 Florio, Vaddsile, foardable, wadable. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World 1. iii § 9 Plinie placeth the Schenite vpon Euphrates, where the same beginneth to be foordable. 1724 De Foe Mem. Cavalier { 1840)142 It was a little brook, ford¬ able with ease. 1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia 1 . 1. ii. 108 The river Clyde, from Douglas upwards, was, in those days, fordable. 1886 Stevenson Kidnapped xiv, It occurred to me that perhaps the creek was fordable. jig. X614 Raleigh Hist. World Pref. Ba, Hee found by Catesby, who sounded him, that he was not fordable. 1646 H. Lawrence Comm. Angells 176 The scriptures, though deepe, are foordable by those who are holy. 1710 Fanatic/e Feast 16 Thou art the shallowest, most fordable Monster in the Universe. Hence ro rdableness. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. Fordage (foaudedg). rare. [f. as prec. + -age.] A fording-place, a ford. 1728 Morgan Algiers II. v. 303 The Spaniards, .found a Fordage, not much above knee-deep. Fordead: see For- pref. 1 10. t Fo a rdeal. Obs. Forms: 5 fordele, -deel, 6 fordaill, 6-9 fordel(l, (7 fortell). [f. For- pref .- + Deal sb., part; =Du. voordeel , Ger. vorteil.] 1 . Advantage. 1470-85 Malory Arthur v. viii, The bataille was grete, and oftsydes that one party was at a fordele and anone at an afterdele. 1481 Caxton Reynard xxx. (Arb.) 78 Preferre the honour, worship, fordul and proffyte of theyr Lord. 1523 St. Papers Hen. VIII , I. 143 Which newes beyngtrue, shalbea mervailory fordell to your intended purposes. 1637 R* Monro Exped. 1. 74 The enemy also, had another fortell, or advant¬ age by reason of a new worke, which was uncomplete. 2 . The first place, precedence, preference. Sc. 1513 Douglas YEneis v. iii. 99 And now hes Pristis the fordaill. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 276 Thair wes.. Ane flatterar and fen^ear for ane fordell, Semdill in the kirk and rich oft in the bordell. a 1651 Calderwood Hist. Kirk (1843) II, So long as men of vertue and honour..sail stand a fordell, to controll their, .wicked proceidings. Fordeave : see For- pref . 1 9. t Fo'rdeed. Obs. In 3-5 fordede. [f. For prep. + Deed.] A deed done on behalf of some one ; a benefit, favour. a 1225 Ancr. R. 394 Neuer uere swuch fordede ne dude uor his owne uere. c 1350 Will. Palerne 5182 King william he king of spayne ponkes Of al he faire fordede hat he hade for hem wrou3t. c 1460 Towneley Myst. 317 When had thou nede of oure fordede ? When did we alle this dede for the? + Fordee m, v. Obs. \OE.fordhnan, f. For- pref} + Deem v. Cf. ON. fordeema, OHG. fur-, fortuomen .] trans. To condemn. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt, xxvii. 3 Da geseah iudas.. (>,-£■ t he fordemed waes, ha orr^ann he hreowsian. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 95 Ac he nalde mid his to-cume sunfullen fordemen. a 1230 Owl *§■ Night. 1098 And him fordeme lif and lime. c 1320 Cast. Loi>e 447 Nout.. hat nis destrued and to-dreued, And dreynt, for-loren, and for-demed. Forder-: see Further-. Forderked, -dewed: see For - pref 0 7, 9. + Fordi’ght, V. Obs. In 3 pa. pple. fordight. [f. For- prefZ + Dight v.] trans. To prepare, predestine. a 1300 Cursor M. 23583 (Cott.) To wirscip hat godd ham had fordight, hai graid ham bath mode and might. + Fordi'lghe, V. Obs. [OE.fordilegian, f. Fou- prefO + dilgiatt = OS. diligbn, OHG. tiligSn (mod. Ger. tilgen) to destroy; cf. Ger. vertilgen.~\ trans. To exterminate, destroy. c 900 tr. BsedcCs Hist. I. xii. [xvi.] (1891) 54 bset heo o <5 forwyrd mxhwaer fordiljode ne wteron. c 1200 Ormin 14541 All mannkinn .. Wass .. forrrahht Jsen Godd, & wurrh To wurrhenn all forrdilljhedd. + Fordill, v. Obs. rare. [f. For- pref. l + Dill v. 2 ] Irans. To soothe. a 1300 Cursor M. 23975 (Cott.) Hir dule ne ma i noght for-dill [c 1340 for-dille] Bot wit hir wepeing wepe i will. t Fordi'm, v. Obs. [OE. fordimmian, f. For- pref . 1 + dimmian to Dim.] trans. To dim, obscure. <21050 Liber Scintill. xxv. (1889) 99 Se he gaderap pset bih fordimmod. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Troy Prol., Fordimmed eke the letters aureat. For din: see For- pref} 7. Fording (fo^udig), vbl. sb. [f. Ford v. + -ing 1 .] a. The action of crossing a ford ; also attrib. b. A fording-place or ford. 1833 M. Scott Torn Cringle xiv. (1859) 327 The hollo .. guided us to the fording which we had crossed on our first arrival. 1854 J- L. Stephens Ccntr. Amer. (1854) 278 We reached the bank ; but here there was no fording-place. 1881 Gentl. Mag. Jan. .68 In two fordings we had narrowly escaped plumping into holes. t Fordi't, v. Obs. [OE. fordyttan (- duttan\ f. For - prefP + dyttan to stop.] trans. To shut or stop up. a 800 Corpus Gloss. 1414 Obslruit, fordytte. <-825 Vcsp. Psalter lvii[i]. 5 Swe nedran deafe & forduttaende earan hire, c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 197 pe neddre secheS a ston and lei 5 hire on eare h er to and hire o 3 er eare pilteS hire tail per inne and swo for-ditted eiSer. 01205 Lay. 17139 Mi gast hine iwarSeS. .& mine wise word for-dut. a 1240 Lofsong in Cott. Horn. 211 pine fif wunden iopened o rode wio neiles uor-driuene and seoruhfulliche fordutte. 13.. Coer de L. 4170 The pytte .. was feld and fordytte, Up to the bank maad al playn. Vol. IV. Fordless (f 5 e\idles), a. [f. Ford sb. or v. + -less.] Without a ford ; that cannot be forded. a 1649 Drumm. of Hawth. Hist. Jas. IV , Wks. (1711) 63 The water of Till running deep and fordless upon the right hand. 1808 J. Barlow Columb. iv. 294 Pierce the known thicket, breast the fordless tide. 1879 Mallock Life Worth Liv. 133 A deep and fordless river. Fordo, foredo (fp.i-, fo«.id/7-), v. Pa. t. -did (-di d). Pa. pple. -done (-drrn). Forms: see Do. [OE. fordon, f. For- pref 0 a din lo Do. Cf. OS. farddn (Du. verdoen), OHG. farttton (MHG. vertnon, Ger. verthun ).] 1 . trans. To put (a living being) out of existence, to kill; to put an end to i^lifc'. Obs. exc. arch. a 1000 Poenit. Ecgberti 11. § 2 in Thorpe Anc. Laws II. 180 Be pain wifmen pe .. hire beam fordeS. c 1250 Gen. <5* Ex. 426 Caym Sat abel for-dede. a 1300 Cursor M. 2867 (Cott.) For if ani fische par-in bigane .. pe lijf it es for-don wit stink, c 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. 2557 Phyllis , She for dispayr fordede hvre self. C1460 How Goode Wif Taught Dotighter 140 in Hazl. E. P. P. 1 .189 Many for folye hem self for-doothe. a 1547 Surrey YEneid iv. 843 Offspring of each race With mortal warr eche other may fordoe. 1602 Shaks. Ham. v. i. 244 This doth betoken The Coarse they follow, did with disperate hand, Fore do it owne life. #1659 Bp. Brownrig Serm. (1674) I. xxi. 274 He trembles, despairs, is ready to foredo him¬ self. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. Il.m. 348 By the sword’s edge his life shall be foredone. + b. To fordo into or to : see Destroy v. 7. Obs. c 950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. x. 28 Ah is rehtrae Sone ondredes se 3 e ma^e & ( 5 a s[a]uel & lic-homa fordoa in tintergo. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 17 Betere hit is pet heo beon ispilled of heore licome penne mid alle fordon to pes deofles hond. a 1200 Moral Ode 274 And al po pe ani wise deuel iquemde po be 5 mid hem in helle fordon and demde. 2 . To destroy, ruin, spoil, wreck (a place or thing); to lay waste (land), arch. c 900 tr. Bzeda’s Hist. 11. x. [xiv.] (1890) 138 Se biscop., towearp & fordyde pa wigbed. 1154 O. E. Chron. an. 1137 pe land was al fordon mid suilce daedes. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 884 A tempest pat tyme began to falle And fordede here vynys alle. 1357 Lay Folks Catech. 489 Sklaundir for to fordo a mannes gode fame. 1375 Bar¬ bour Bruce v. 410 Syne tuk he salt.. And ded horss, and fordid the well. 1399 Langl. Rich. Redeles in. 141 They . .ffor doth the coyne .. And maketh the peple ffor pens-lac in pointe ffor to wepe. c 1460 How Wise Man Taught Son 76 in Ritson Anc. Pop. P. (1791) 86 Were thy complexion neuyr so strong, Wyth surfet thou mayst fordo that. 1581 J. Bell Haddon "'s Answ. Osor. 375 He raysed upp..con¬ sciences that were utterly foredone. 1845 Bailey Festus 388 Throne wrecked on throne, All ruined and foredone. t 3 . To ruin or undo (a person). Also (in late use), To deprive of. Obs. c 1380 Sir Feriimb. 2269 Now helpep 30W silue on pes cas i or ellis }e bup for-done. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. ix. 13 He [God], .keepeth in his bosome, those which (as touch¬ ing the fleshe)seeme vtterly fordoone. 1647 H. More Poems 264 Those bad arts that have fore-done Many a bold wit. 1764 Churchill Poems i Independence II. 12 Lioness of royal whelps foredone. 4 . fa. To abolish (an institution, etc.) ; to annul (a law, etc.). Obs. O. E. Citron, an. 986 Se cyning fordyde (>aet b’rice set Hrofe ceastre. c 1320 R. Brunne Mcdit. 186 A newe testa¬ ment he gan sone, pe olde sacryfyce to fordone. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vn. 320 The enterdyccion was adnullyd & fordoon, in the moneth of Julii. 1508 Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. li. Wks. (1876) 136 Oblacyons and sacrefyces whiche be now vtterly fordone. 1528 More Dyaloge 11. Wks. 198/2 Ye would not I truste that lent were fordone. 1532 in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. App. xli. 109 To cause the said injust exac¬ tions .. to cease & to be foredoen for ever. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 149 All statutes and ordynaunces before made ..were utterly fordone and set at naught. 1833 Whittier Ex. New Eng. Leg. 3 How has New England’s romance fled. .Its rites foredone, its guardians dead. b. To do away with, put away, remove. Chiefly with immaterial obj., esp. sin. Obs. ox arch. a 1300 Cursor M. 10052 (Gott.) Gastly gladnes was hir emydd, pat al ille heuynes it for-didd. 1340 Hampole Pr. Con sc. 3391 Syns pat er veniele .. may be here Fordon on light manere. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvn. cxliv. (1495) 701 The barke and fruyte of the Ellern soden wyth salt water fordooth swellynge of fete. C1430 Syr Gen er. (Roxb.) 2432 The lauender That neuer might for noo wash¬ ing For-doo the spottes of theweping. 1600 Holland Livy xli. iii. (1609) 1098 To. .wipe away and foredoe the shamefull blot. 1894 F. S. Ellis Reynard 146 Now Reynard, to foredo the brand Of sin, will to the Holy Land. + 5 . To undo, bring to nought; to render power¬ less, counteract, neutralise (poison, temptation, etc.). Obs. CX175 Lamb. Horn. 105 penne ma^e we fordon swa pa deofiiche ^itsunge. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 484 Ichulle fordon pe wisdom of peos wise worldmen. a 1250 Owl <5- Night. 822 ponne is pes hundes smel fordo. <21300 Cursor M. 11947 (Cott.) pat i do pou it for-dos. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 87 For soth it was grete skathe, his passage was fordone. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xvm. 152 Venym for-doth venym. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 26 They will fordoe and frustrate the dangers pronounced. + 6. To change, transform. Obs. 1624 Heywood Gunaik. 1. 53 Nisus and Scilla are in shape foredoone, He to a hawke, she to a larke is shifted. 7 . Pa. pple. only : Exhausted, overdone, wearied out, ‘ done up ’. arch. a 1547 Surrey AEncid ii. 785 Go see where thow hast left Anchises thy father fordone with age. 1591 Troub. Raigne K. John 11. (1611) 79 My heart is maz’d, my sences all fore¬ done. 1718 Rowe tr. Luca?i vi. 744 Universal Nature stands foredone. 1796 Coleridge Ode Depart. Year Epode ii, All foredone with toil and wounds Death-like he. .dozes among heaps of dead. 1867 M. Arnold Southern Night vii. With Indian heats at last fordone. Hence Fordo-ing- vbl. sb. Also Fordo-er. c 1440 Jacob's Well (E. E. T. S.) 84 pe secunde fote bredc of wose, in dede of enuye, is a fordoyng ; pat is, whanne, for enuye in pi dede, pou dystroyest him, pat wolde do ry^t. 1631 J. Done Polydoron 129 Desperate Foredoers of them¬ selves denote that they turn’d their backs upon God. Fordone fpiAvn), ppl. a. [pa. pple. of Fordo v.] Exhausted, overcome, tired out. (See Fordo 7.) 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. v. 41 If either salves, or oyles, or herbes, or charmes, A fordonne wight from dore of death mote raise. 1866 Carlyle Remin. 11. 241, I reached home after my evening ride, the most foredone of men. + Fordo’te, V. Obs. rare— 1 , [f. For- prefy + Dote v.] trans. To make quite foolish or doting. c J 533 Articles iniputed to Latimer in Foxe A. «$• M. (1563) 1313 Here, for lacke of helpe, we may. .dishonorgod, fordote oure-selues. t Fordo vered, pple . and ppl. a. Obs. Sc. ff. For- preff + Dover v. + -ed 1 .] Overcome with slumber. 1513 Douglas YEncis 11. vi. 35 That tyme quhen the fyrst quiet Of naturale sleip .. Stelis on fordoverit mortale crea- turis. Ibid. ix. vi. 20 Apon the gyrs .. Fordoveryt, fallyn down als drunk as swyne. t Fordraw*, v. Obs. Pa. t. 4 fordro3. Pa. pple. fordraun, -draw(e)n. [f. For- prefy -1- Draw v.] 1 . trans. ?To stretch on the rack, torture. <21300 Cursor M. 21235 (Cott.) Barnabas, .sufferd paines strang .. Bath for-draun and brint wit feir. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 1796 pe deuel pe for-drawe. 2 . a. To defer, put off. b. To draw on (as a tempter.) <21300 Cursor M. 26135 (Cott.) Him. .for-think his lang delaiance pat he for-draun has his penance. 1382 Wyclif Prov. vii. 21 With flatering of lippis she fordro3 him. + Fordrea*d, v. Obs. [f. For- prefy + Dread v.] intr. To be in dread of. c 1200 Ormin 147 [Zacari^e] warrp drefedd & forrdredd Off patt he sahh patt enngell. c 1250 Gen. $ Ex. 1557 Quan ysaac it under-nam. .Wei selku 5 like he wur 5 for-dred. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2088 Gracian pe emperour .. of him uor dradde ynou. a 1310 in Wright’s Lyric P. 88 Myn herte of dedes wes for-dred. Fordreamed: see For -prefy 6 b. + Fordre*nch, v. Obs. \OY,.fordrenca 7 tf.Ybm- prefy + to Drench ; = MLG. vordrenken.'] trans. a. To make drunk, intoxicate, lit. and fig. b. To drown. Also intr. a. c 1000 ^Elfric Gen. xix. 32 Uton fordrencan urne faeder fasrlice mid wine. C1175 Lamb. Horn. 91 pas men beo <5 mid miste fordrencte. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 2343 pe paet wes fordrenct wi <5 pes deoules puisun. b. a 1225 Juliana 61 pe reade sea..pear as al pharaones forde fordrencte. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Troy 11. xvii, Alterat with Bachus myghty Jous And affered of tournynge of the hous And fordreynt on the drye land. Fordreved: see For -pref} 8. + Fordrift. Obs. rare— 1 . [f. For- 2 , Fore -pref. + Drift.] ? Purpose, preconceived design. 1549 Chaloner tr. Erasm. Morize Enc. Sjb, Thynges smallie sensed, .as which Hue by no arte nor fordrifte [orig. sollicitudine]. t Fordri ve, v. Obs. [OE.^ fordrifan, f. For- pref} + drifan to Drive ; = OHG .far-,fertriban.'] trans. To drive forth, drive about. O. E. Chron. an. 774 Nor 3 hymbra fordrifon heora cining Alhred of Eoferwic. c 1220 Bestiary 527 De sipes Sat am on se fordriuen. a 1300 Cursor M. 22635 (Cott.) pe deuels vte sal be fordriuen. c 1430 Lydg. Bochas vi. (1494) V iij a, With wynde and tempest fordryuen also was he. 1513 Douglas YEneis 1. i. 56 Scho thame fordrivis, and causis oft ga will Frawart Latium. t Fordrim’ken,//^ Obs. [OE. fordmneen, f. For- pref} + Drunken ; = MLG. vordrnnken .] Drunk, overcome with drink. <*897 K. iELFRED Gregory’s Past. xl. 295 Ab[i]gall. .for- suigode Saet dysig hiere fordrunenan hlafordes. c 1x75 Lamb. Horn. 143 pe prude, pe for-drunkene, pe chidinde. c 1386 Chaucer Millers Prol. 12 The Myller that for- drunken was al pale. 1513 Douglas YEneis iii. ix. 81 Sow- pit in sleip, his nek fourth of the cave He straucht, for- drunkin. + Fordry*, v. Obs. [OE. fordntgian (intr.), f. For- 1 + dr 4 gian to Dry. The trans. use is f. For- 1 + Dry a.] intr. To dry up. <2 1000 Boeth. Mctr. xx. 207 Hio waere fordrugod to duste. a 1225 Ancr. R. 148 Ant te grene bowesbeoS al uordruwede. a 1350 Leben Jesu 596 Ase a lupur braunche, and fur druyt. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. ix. vi. (Tollem. MS.) pe sonne .. ripep frutes and flouris .. and fordriep and wastep superfluiteis. Ibid. xvii. xiii. (1495), Pouder therof layed therto fordrieth the bleding. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iii. iii. 51 Some of them were all fordryed and lene. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vii. ccxxvii. 256 The ryuer of Trent was so fordryd .. y i men went ouer drye. Fordry, -dull: see Foe- pref} 10. + ForduTl, v. Obs. Also 4 fordoll. [f. For- pref. 1 + Dull v. ; cf. MLG. vordullen and Fordill v.] trans. To make dull; to stupefy. Only in pa. pple. Hence Fordu lled ppl. a. 13. . Leg. Rood (1871) 141 Alle |>ei seiden J)ei weore sori, For-dolled in a dronknyng dred. 13.. E.E.Allit.P. An, I dewyne for-dolled [printed dolked] of luf daungere. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Troy 1. vi, Fordulled is myne imagynatyfe. 1513 Douglas /Ends iv. Prol. 158 To droup like a fordullit as. 1578 T. Proctor Gorg. Gallery in Heliconia. I. 163 O feeble wit 1 forduld with woe, awake thy wander¬ ing thought. 1592 R. Wilmot Tancred 4 Gism. 11, What FORDWINE 426 FORE-. well of teares may serue To feed the streames of my fore- dulled eies. 1605 Montgomerie Sonnets xi, Quhat mervell than, thoght our fordullit hedes. .be mare amaisd. f Fordwi'ne, v. Obs. [f. Fob -prefP + Dwine ; = MDu. verdwijnen .] inlr. To fade away, decay, wither; to vanish. c 1000 /Elfric Saints' Lives (E. E. T. S.) II. 268 Se deofol J?aer-rihte for-dwan swa swa smic of )>aes halgan ^esihSe. a 1300 Old Age vi. in E. E. P. (1862) 149 When i bi-hold on mi schennen m’in dimmik al for-dwynnen. c 1305 Pilate 215 ibid. 117 His bodi gan al fordwyne. ?«X366 Chaucer Rojh. Rose 366 Bothe hir hondes lorn, fordwyned. t Fo’rdy, a. Obs. rare. In 6 fourdie, -ye. [f. Ford sb. + -Y 1 .] Full of fords. 1570 in Levins Mani/>. 97. 1580 in Baret Alv. F 1050. t Fore, sb. Obs. Forms : 1 for, 3-5 fore, vore, 4foore, 5 fowre. [OE .fSr str. fem. = 01 lG.fuora (MHG. vuore, mod.Ger .fibre) OTeut. *fSrd- y f. *for ablaut-var. of *far- to go : see Fare v.] 1 . A going, journey, expedition. Also, an ex¬ peditionary force. c 900 tr. Baeda's Hist. v. ix. (1891) 412 He his fore ^e^ear- wede. c 1205 Lay. 5568 Brennes .. mid starkere fore ferde toward Rome. Ibid. 5858 pe cnihtes weoren on fore fer ut of Rome. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724)386 Wyllam ysey..bote he adde help of hys men, hys fore nas ry}t no3t. c 1400 in Rel. A tit. I. 160 Sori is the fore Fram bedde to the flore. b. A rush, onset, charge. c 1205 Lay. 1676 In J?era ilke uoreheo faelden of his iueren. 13.. K. Alis. 2355 Theose braken, at one fore, Heore launces on Nycanore. 2 . A track, trace. c 1250 Owl <$• Night. 817 And so forleost f>e hund his fore. c 1386 Chaucer SotnJ>n. T. 227 Who folweth Cristes gospel and his fore. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 153 pere were afterward i-sene foores and steppes of men and of hors. *398 — Barth. De P. R. ix. viii. (1495) 353 The foores and the sygnes of Somer that is goon is all dystroyed. 3 . The course of an affair; a proceeding, adven¬ ture. c 1205 Lay. 15578 For swa wes al pa uore. Ibid. 15810 I whiten pu wult pa uore nu pu hit scalt ihere. c 1320 Cast. Lojie 1156 No tonge may tellen of pat fore. Fore, obs. var. of Forkow. Fore (fo»j), a. Also 6 Sc. foir. [The use of fore as adj. arises out of an analysis of sbs. which are combinations of Fore- pref., e.g. forepart. These being occasionally written as two words, the first member came to be treated as an adj.] I. As adj. in concord. 1 . Situated or appearing in front, or in front of something else; usually with an opposition ex¬ pressed or implied to back, hind-. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xlii. 68 Than Bissines .. Straik doun the top of the foir tour, c 1540 Order in Battayll A vij b, When thou hast invaded thyne enemyes with the fore and hynder warde. a 1639 Spottiswood Hist. Ch. Scot. v. (1655) 271 The Cannon having made great breaches in the fore and back walls. 1655 Gurnall Chr. in Arm. Introd. v. (1669) 171 It comes in at the Back-door, while we are expecting it at the Fore. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 107 In the fore side of this wooden Piece is a square hole. 1715 Cheyne Philos. Princ. Relig. 1. i. (ed. 2) 13 Resistance in Fluids arises from their greater Pressing on the Fore, than Hind part of the Bodies moving in them. 1762 Sterne Tr. Shandy V. xxvi, Susannah had but just time to make her escape down the back-stairs, as my mother came up the fore. 1805 Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 192 In the fore wall of the church, .there has plainly been an aperture. 1880 Huxley Crayfish ii. 61 The alimentary canal may therefore be dis. tinguished into a fore and a hind gut. 12 . Anterior, previous, former. Obs. 1490 Caxton Eneydos xxiv. 90 The fore loue reneweth hym selfe. 1526 R. Whytford Martiloge (1893) 84 The duke dyd the moost.. commun seruyee notwithstandyng his fore estate. 1535 Coverdale 2 Esdras vii. 12 The intraunces of the fore worlde were wyde and sure. 1597 Morley Introd. Mus. 12 The great musicke maisters who excelled in fore time. >21634 Chapman Alphonsus Plays 1873 III. 239 Alexander and Meritz have the fore dance. 'Z. 1 ® Entertainer xxvi. 175 That Place which in a fore Time was Stil'd the Temple of Dagon. II. quasi-jA or elliptically . 3 . The fore part of anything, e.g. the bow of a ship, the fore-quarter of beef, etc. 1888 Pall Mall G. i6Jan. 14/1 The sensation was stronger jn the fore of sailing vessels. 1890 Daily News 11 July 2/8 American refrigerated hind-quarters, .thirds, .fores, b. Nant. {AD the fore: (see quot. 1883). i860 Motley Netherl. II. xix. 475 Medina Sidonia hoisted the royal standard at the fore. 1883 W. C. Russell Sailor's Lang. s.v. Fore, At the fore, means at the fore¬ royal mast-head. 4 . To the fore. (Sc. and Anglo-Irish phrase, introduced into English literary use in the 19th c.) a. Of a person: Present, on the spot, within call. 1637 Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. 363 If Christ had not been to the fore in our sad days, the waters had gone over our soul. 1656 Earl Monm. Advt.fr . Parnass. 416 Some Italian Princes who were yet to the fore, could not be weighed. 1726 R. Erskine Sonnets 11. i. § 6 Yield not .. The Lion strong of Judah’s tribe, Thy Husband, ’s to the fore. 1815 Scott Guy M. xlv, ‘ I wuss auld Sherra Pleydell was to the fore here 1 * 1829 Mrs.. S. C. Hall Sk. Irish Char. (1842) 60 Why didn't you give it me, and I to the fore? 1852 Lever Daltons II. xxxv, If he hasn’t me to the fore to prove what I said, he can do nothing, b. Still surviving, alive. 1695 Earl Cromarty Vindic. Robt. ///, 14 The said Lord John, .being to the fore, and on Life. 1724 Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) I. 22 As lang’s Sandy’s to the fore Ve never shall get Nansy. 1787 Burns Let. IV. Nicol 1 June, Gif the beast be to the fore. 1818 Scott Hrt. Midi, xliii, ‘ While this grey head is to the fore, not a elute o’ them but sail be as weel cared for as if they were the fatted kine of Pharaoh.’ 1888 J. Payn Myst. Mirbridge vi, The steward . .though stricken in years—was still to the fore. f c. To the fore with : in advance of. Obs. 1646 R. Baillie Lett. (1775) II. 221, I am now two to the fore with you, albeit I wrote none the last post. d. Of money, etc.: Ready at or to hand, forth¬ coming ; available. + To go to thefore : to be put to one’s credit. 1636 Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. 181 Therefore my wages are going to the fore up in heaven. 1640 Dumbartoti Burgh Rec. in Irving Hist. Dnmbarto?ish. (i860) 525 Gif thay had common guid to the foir. 1660 Sharp Let. 11 May in Wodrow Hist. I. Introd. 25 Is his broad Sword to the fore? 1639 R. Baillie Lett. (1775) I. 126 He had a good estate, and well to the fore. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth viii, If these are not to the fore, it is the Provost’s fault, and not the town’s. 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair xxv, How many captains in the regiment have two thousand pounds to the fore. e. In recent use sometimes taken to mean 1 in full view, conspicuous \ So to cotjie to thefore occurs for : ‘ to come to the front’, * to come into view \ 1842 Barham Ingol. Leg., Auto-da-Fe, Magnificent struc¬ tures. .As our Irish friends have it, are there 4 to the fore’. 1876 World V. No. 106. 5 These vermin seldom venture to come to the fore themselves. 1880 Manch. Guard. 23 Nov., The vexed question of local taxation reform must come to the fore next session. Fore (fo®j), adv. and prep. [Com. Teut.: OE. fore-GYx\?>.fara, OS .fora (Du. voor), OUG.fora (MHG. vor{e , mod.Ger. vor), Goth, faura. The root is the same as in L. pro, prae, per, Gr. irpo, napa, napaC, nepi, Skr. purd. The precise form in OTeut. is disputed : one opinion is that it was *f ora i—Cjx. napai, with a dative case-ending. From 16th c. the word has often been regarded as an abbreviation of before , and hence written fore.~\ f A. adv . Obs. 1 . Before, at some earlier time, previously. tr 1000 Ags. Ps. (Th.) lxxvii[i]. 14 [12] He on Egypta a^enum lande, worhte fore wundur maere. a 1300 Cursor M. 10938 (Cott.) Elizabeth .. was anna sister, als i for tald. c 1350 Will. Palerne 2076 pe welpe & welfare i haue him wrou^t fore, a 1375 Joseph A rim. 208 Wipouten faute oper faus as \>ti fore seiden. £1600 Shaks. Sonn. vii, The eyes (fore dutious) now. .looke an other way. b. Forward or onward, forth. a 1300 Cursor M. 18267 (Cott.) Fra nu for, vnderstand pou wele Hu fele pines ai sal pou fele. 2 . Beforehand, in advance. a 1225 Juliana 47 Ah wel ich warni pe uore, hit nis nawt pin biheue. c 1500 Melusine xxiv. 184 To see a remedy be had to it rather to fore than to late. B. prep. — For prep, in various uses. + 1 . a. Before, in front of, in the presence of; = For 1 a, b. Obs. Beowulf 1064 (Gr.) paer waes sang and sweg .. fore Healf- denes hildewisan. c 1300 Beket 31 The manere of Enge- londe this Gilbert hire tolde fore, c 1320 Cast. Love 1030 So stille and derne he [Jesus] was pe fend fore. £1550 Northren Mothers Blessing vi. (1597) Ev, What man that shall wed the fore God with a ring. 1608 J. Day Law - Trickes 1. ii. (1881) 18 Y’are..much to rude, To shew this kindnesse fore a multitude. 1611 Shaks. Wint. T. iv. iv. 401 Contract vs fore these Witnesses. b. In asseveration or adjuration ; =For 1 c. £1435 Torr. Portugal 745 Fore Sen Jame ! What ys the gyantes name. 1601 Shaks. All's Well 11. iii. 51 Fore God I thinke so. 1687 Congreve Old Bach, iii.ii, No, foregad ! I’m caught. 1756 Foote Eng. fr. Paris 11. Wks. 1799 I. iii Foregad I believe the Papistes ha’ bewitch’d him. 1840 Barham Ingol. Leg., Ghost, ’Fore George, I’m vastly puzzled what to do. + 2 . Of time: Before; =For2. Obs. a 1000 Crist 1031 (Gr.) Fore Cristes cyme, a 1300 Cursor M. 22429 (Cott.) Fore domes-dai pat sal be sene. 1601 Shaks. Meas.for M. n. ii. 160 At any time ’fore-noone. + 3 . Before, in preference to; = For 3. Obs. 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI j i. iii. 22 Prizest him 'fore me? 1594 Marlowe & Nashe Dido iii. iv, I follow one that loveth fame fore me. 1634 Massinger Very Woman 11. i, You prefer My safety 'fore your own. + 4 . =For6 . Obs. 1463 Bury Wills (Camd.) 17 And alle here costez payd fore, f 5 . In support of, in favour of ; = For 7. Obs. c 900 tr. Bseda's Hist. v. v. (1891) 396 fia:t he .. him fore gebaede. a 1000 Crist 1202 (Gr.) Eal fa earfeSu, fie he fore aeldum adrea£. >11300 Cursor M. 11291 (Cott.) For to do fore him fiat dai, fie settenes of fie aid lai. c 1340 Ibid. 9610 (Trin.) If my sister saue mijt al fiat she wolde fore [ other texts for] crie & cal. t 6. On account of, because of; = For 21 b. Obs. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 27 pu ne derst cumen bi-foren him fore fiine gulte. c 1340 Cursor M. 13756 iTrin.l, I dampne fie nat fii synne fore, c 1440 Jacob’s Weil (E. E. T. S.) 45 pe fals tythere rehersyth ajen in his fals tythyng fie synne, fiat crist was do fore to deth. + 7 . As a precaution against; = For 23 d. Obs. c 14S0 Two Cookery-bks. II. 106 And holde a dissh vnder- neth, fore spilling of the Iicour. 8. Comb. + fore-belly, padded clothing in front of the belly; fore-dawn, the time preceding the dawn (also attrib. or adj.) ; -fi fore-eternal a., t fore-everlasting a., that is or was before the eternal or everlasting; in quots. absol. or quasi-rA ; fore-sabbath, the day that precedes the sabbath; + fore-south a., facing the south. 1638 Jasper Mayne tr. Lucian's Dial. (1664) 363 ,1 forbear to speake of his stuft Brests, and *fore-Be!lyes, which make an adventitious and artificiall corpulency. 1884 J. Payne Tales fr. Arabic II. 33 It was the *fore-dawn hour. 1894 Hall Caine Manxman v. ii. 283 Sometimes he was up in the vague fore-dawn. 1587 Golding De Momay vi. 80 Por- phyrius. .saying,that thereisaneuerlastingoreternall Mynd, and yet. afore the same a *Foreeternail, or former euer- lasting. Ibid. And that betweene the *Foreeuerlasting and the Euerlasting, Eternitie resteth in the middest. 1656 Trait Comm, (i868) 415 The Jews, .before their sabbath [had] their *fore-sabbath. 1686 Plot S/afiordsh. 386 The *fore-South windows, .being cover’d with Matt to preserve the hony. Fore (fo 9 J), int. Golf. [Probably a contraction of Before ] (See quot. 1878.) 1878 Pardon Football, etc., 82 Fore ! a warning cry to people in front of the stroke. Fore, obs. pa. t. of Fare. Fore-, prefix. In OE. the adv. Fore (like its equivalent in various other Teut. langs.) was used as a prefix (1) to verbs, giving the additional sense of ‘ before ’ (either in time, position, order, or rank), and (2) to sbs. either forming designations of objects or parts of objects occupying a front position, or expressing anteriority in time. (Cf. OE.fiorecweSan, Goth, fauraqipan, OHG. foraquedan to predict; OE. foregangan , Goth, fauragaggan to precede; OE. foretbS, Ger. vorzahn front tooth, etc.). The prefix has through all stages of the language con¬ tinued to be a living formative in all its uses. The principal combinations are in this work treated as Main words in their alphabetical place; those which are of merely occasional use, or self-explanatory, are enumerated in this article. I. In verbs, ppl. adjs., agent-nouns and nouns of action. (Stress on the verb.) 1 . With the sense * in front as in foregird, -lie, -lift (all Obs. or arch.). Also in agent-nouns, as \fiorespurrer, Forerunner, Fore walker. 1610 Holland Camden's Brit. 1. 791 Severus *foregirded and fensed Britain with a ditch from sea to sea. 1590 Spenser F. Q. ii. iii. 29 A golden bauldricke, which *forelay Athwart her snowy brest. Ibid. 1. xi. 15 * Fore-lifting up a-loft his speckled brest. 1769 Falconer Shipwr. in. 582 The ship, fore-lifted by the sea. 1596 Shaks. Merck. V, 11. ix. 95 This "fore-spurrer. 2 . = ‘ Beforehand ’, ‘ previously ’, ‘ in advance ’. Formerly, esp. in i6-i7th c., the prefix was used with any vb. to which it was desired to give this additional meaning. The number of recorded combinations of this kind is there¬ fore enormous, and only a selection of them can here be given. Now, however, the use of the prefix, except in established combinations such as foresee, foretell, or in new combinations closely analogous to these, is felt to be some¬ what archaistic or affected ; in ordinary prose usage the meaning is expressed by the addition of an adverb, or (in verbs of obvious Lat. or Rom. derivation) by the prefix pre-. a. in verbs, as fore-accustom, -acquaint, -adapt, -admonish, -advertise, -advise, -allot, -answer, -assign, -balance, -bespeak, -bless, -calculate, -com¬ pose, -comprehend, -conclude, -condemn, -consider, -contrive, -count, -date , -declare, -decree, -design, -dispose, -divine, -engage, -exist, -expect, -express, -fear, -figure, -fit, -fix, -grasp, - haste , -instruct, -learn, -lend, -mean, -order, -paint, -picture, -plan, -poison, -promise, -reckon, -repent, -report, -request, -resemble, - scent, -season, -seize, -send, -shape, -shoe, -sing, -smell, -sound, -steep, -study, -suffer, -sum¬ mon, -suspect, -threaten, -trace, -use, -utter, -vow, -ween, -weep, -weigh. 1640 Bp. Reynolds Passions xxii, * Fore-accustoming the mind to evil. 1624 Gataker Transubst. To Rdr., This is all that.. I was desirous by way of Preface to *fore-acquaint thee withall. 1696 Whiston Th. Earth iv. (1722! 294 He foresaw and *f»readapted the entire Frame. 1633 Bp. Hall Hard Texts , N. T. 396 Who 'fore-admonished me that [etc.]. 1598 Barret Theor. Warres iv. ii. 105 To *fore aduertise the souldiers by the drumme maior. 1664 H. More Myst. Iniq. 206 Fore-advertising them .. of all their affairs of Im¬ portance by the mouths of his Prophets. 1604 Hieron Wks. I. Advt. to Rdr. 671 This short catechisme .. *fore- aduiseth thee of the certainty of diuers afflictions. 1587 Golding De Mornayix. 121 Whatsoeuer he had *foreallotted themofhisgoodnes.se. 1620 Bp. Hall Hon. Mar. Clergy 1. § 1 If all my proofes be..*fore-answered by his Bellarmine. 1713 Bentley Free-thinking 1. xxix. 147 Notwithstanding he had foreanswered. .all that he can say about Different Interpretations. 1675 Brooks Gold. Key Wks. 1867 V. 333 God the Father, who from eternity had *fore-assigned Christ to this office of a mediator. 1612 J. Cotta Dangers Practisers PJiys. 1. v. 43 Where .. the strength of nature hath .. bene carefully *foreballanced betweene hope and hazard. 1682 Bunyan Holy War 67 Thy evil fruit *fore- bespeaks thee not to be a good tree. 1630 Drayton Moses 1. 63 By th’ eternal prouidence *fore-blest. 1864 Spectator 20 Aug. 963/1 Some great crisis not to be definitely *fore- calculated. 1684 Baxter Twelve Argts. § 1. 5 No man knoweth before-hand, whether a Minister hath studied and *fore comp[o]sed his..Sermon. 1652 Gaule Magastrom. vii. 78 Whether it be not quite contradictory to the nature of future contingents to be *fore-comprehended by any created intellect. 1618 Daniel Hist. Eng. 12 They held the same confederation *fore-concluded by Alfred. 164a Milton Apol. Sniect. (1851) 258 To prejudice and *forecon- demne his adversary in the title for slanderous and scurrilous. 1677 Otway Cheats of Scapin 11. i. Wks. 1728 I. 208 These things premis’d, and *fore-consider’d. 1652 Bp. Hall Invis . World 1. §6 Abraham saw an angel *fore-contriving the work. 1642 Fuller Holy Prof St. nu ix. 173 They *forecount their wives fair, fruitfull, and rich. 1859 Ll>. Lyttqn FORE-. 427 FORE-. Wanderer (ed. 2)97 But why should I forecount as yet The ravage of that vulture brood? 1858 H. Bonar Hymns Faith 4 * Hope xo Faith Toredates the joyful day. 1625 K. Long tr. Barclay s Argents 111. iii. 155 His death .. had bin Tore-declared. 1696 Willard Body of Divinity (1726) 359/2 The same which was foredeclared by the angel. 16x8 Daniel Hist. Eng. 162 God had Tore-decreed to make it his owne worke by a cleaner way. 1645 Wither Vox P act /,! 141 Of that, which God himselfe, did *fore-designe. 17x5 Cheyne Philos. Princ. Relig. (J.), All the steps of the growth and vegetation .. have been .. Predesigned by the wise Author of nature, a 1661 Fuller (Webster), King James had by promise ^Predisposed the place on the Bishop of Meath. 1607 Walkington Opt. Glass 142 Which doe *fore-divine, and are, as it were, prophets. 1649 Bp. Hall Cases Consc. 11. vii. (1654) x 3 2 Your former vow or oath hath Tore-ingaged you to a just discovery. 1662 J. Chandler Van Helmont's Oriat. 33 If the disposed matter do Tore-exist. 1864 Pusey Led. Daniel vi. 298 They, then, fore-existing; this, derived from them. 1633 Bp. Hall Hard Texts, N. T. 47 So as no man can Tore-expect the day. 1628 Wither Brit. Rememb. 276 The fourth true token which doth *fore-expresse The ruine of a land for wickednesse. 1586 Whetstone Engl. Mirror 121 Little Torefeared he that God would make him the capitall offender of the Romish superstition. 1534 More Treat. Passion Wks. 1323/2 The old sacrifices. .Tore fygured the.. sacrifice of Christes blessed bodye. 1622 S. Ward Life Faith in Death (1627) 57 Such as. .fore-know their death, yet . .*fore-fit themselues neuer the more carefully. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. xxi. 9 1 The time which the heavenly father hath *fore fixed. 1878 B. Taylor Deukalion 1. iii. 28 They who made us and Prefixed our fate, The Titans. 1880 G. Mac¬ donald Diary of an Old Soul 5 May, A greater thing Than purest imagination can Toregrasp. 1820 Milman Fall Jeru¬ salem 154 Am I in heaven, and thou Torehasted thither To welcome me? 1617 Bp. Hall Quo Vadis ? § 24 Let them care¬ fully *fore-instruct. .themselues with the sound knowledge of the principles of religion. 1855 Singleton Virg. Georg. 1. 344 Hence can we Torelearn The weather in th' uncertain sky. 1596 Spenser F. Q. iv. iii. 6 Carelesse of perill .. As if that life to losse they had *forelent. 1608 B. Jonson Masque Beauty Wks. (Rtldg.) 548/2 As being the place, by Destiny Torement. *11743 Savage Wks. (1775) II. 221 (Jod.) Has he foremeant some distant age to bless? 1870 Lowell AmongBks. Ser. 1.(1873)224 Without foremeaning it, he had [etc.]. 1873 Ibid. Ser. 11. 87 Providence there¬ fore *foreordered two ends to be pursued by man. 1627 S. Ward Christ All in All 11 As if the Scriptures, .had not Torepainted out such an Antichrist. 1634 Jackson Creed vii. Christ's Anszu. § 54 By the fall of Lebanon .. he *forepictures the extirpation of David’s royal race. X796 Jane Austen Sense Sens. iii. 46 What had been already ..^Preplanned in her own mind. 1584 Discov. Throck¬ morton's Treas. 2 Such as are not forestalled, or rather *forepoysoned .. with the lies alreadie spred. 1565 T. Stapleton Fort. Faith 65 The calling of the gentils Tore- promised. a 1656 Bp. Hall Specialties hi his life (1660) 27 It was fore-promised to one of my fellow Chaplains. 1856 Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh iv. 469, I, who should have known, "Forereckoned mischief! X590 Greene Neuer too late (1600) 62 He that Torerepents, forsees many perils. 1642 Fuller Holy 4- Prof. St. iii. xxiii. 218 But Fame falls most short, .chiefly in Tore-reporting the Happinesse in heaven. 1655 — Ch. Hist. 11. iii. § 38 Offa had Tore- requested the granting of these Priviledges from the Pope. 1641 Milton Ch. Govt. v. (1851) 113 He .. argues that Christ..was as well *fore-resembled by the Kings then, as by the high Priest. 1652 Gaule Magastrom. xxvi, Metoposcopy, boasts herself to Toresent all the begin¬ nings, the progresses, and the ends of men. 1598 E. Gilpin Skial. (1878) 45 Hauing so well Tore-season’d thy minds caske. 1682 Tate Abs. 4* A chit. 11. 976 Proceed, illustrious, happy chief. .*Foreseize the garlands for thy brow decreed. 1818 Milman Samor 87 To foreseize from Fate Thy slow existence. ** 1000 /Elfric Gram, xxviii. (Z.) 172 Praemitto, ic Toresende. cx 586 C’tess Pembroke Ps. cv. v, He for them to yEgipt had Present The slave-sold Joseph. 1842 Sir H. Taylor Edzuin m. iii. We shall so Toreshape the minds of men That .. It shall be hailed acceptable. a 1691 Boyle Hist. Air (1692) 174 They begin to travel again in a white sand, being *fore-shod with shoes, whose single soles are made [etc.]. 1563 Mirr. Mag., Hastings liv, Swannelyke I Toresong my death. 1634 Habington Castara (Arb.) 35 He was a Prophet, and fore-sang my love. a 1651 Calderwood Hist. Kirk (1843) II. 343 Manie of his servants *forsmelling danger, left him. 1648 Herrick Hesper. 146 Which Tore-sounds A plentious harvest to your grounds. 1565 Golding Ovids Met. vii. (1593) 155 The ground then soking makes The seed Toresteept in poison strong. 1553 Grimalde Cicero's Offices 11. 81 Lucius Crassus did showe himself in open courte to do that verie- well having *forestudied. 1647 Fuller Good Th. 171 Worse T. (1841) 134 The party praying, .fore-studieth not every expression. 1839 Bailey Festus xxviii. (1848) 335 But I foresee, Tore-suffer. 1597 Daniel Civ. Wars vii. lxii, The Parletnent .. Which his Associates had Tore-summoned. a 1612 Donne Bia0ai/aros (1644) 68 *Fore-suspectingthat hee should not easily remove that desire of dying. 1598 J. Dickenson Greene in Cone. (1878) 103 Which these so many, and so manyfest likelihoodes did Torethreaten. 1656 Trapp Comm. Matt. iii. 10 Edom is forethreatened for not harbouring them when scattered by the Chaldeans. 1833 Wordsw. Warning 133 Paths no human wisdom can *foretrace ! a 1612 Donne Bia 0 avarot. 11. (1851) 148 An abortive and Toredated discovery. 1640 Bp. Hall Episc. 11. iv. 103 The proper and Tore-defined sence. 1604 Hieron Wks. I. To Rdr. 553 Romes long-deserued and Tore-denounced ouerthrow. 1581 Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 28 The *foredescribed name of Poets. 1580 — Arcadia iv. (1598) 416 Their *fore-deserued punishment. 1579 Fenton Guicciard. (1618) 38 It was a deliberation voluntary and Toredeuised. 1889 Sat. Rev. 7 Sept. 262/1 There is a sort of tourists Toredevote to mischance. 1862 F. Hall Hindu Philos. Syst. 125 The fruit of Toredone sacrifices. 1839 Bailey Festus (1848) 38 The statesman makes new laws for growing worlds, Through their ^fore- fated ages. 1767 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. II. viii. 31 No Toreformed evasions or contrivances for escape 1868 Bushnell Sertn. Living Subj. 420 A strange, enigmatic, yet apparently Torehinting utterance. 1642 H. More Song of Soul 11. iii. 11. lx, Swayd By sense, and Tore- imprest Astronomie. 1640 Bp. Hall Episc. 111. ii. 227 A Tore-inclined minde. 1631 Gouge Gods Allows Ded. 5 The Tore-intimated arrowes. 1662 J. Chandler Van Hel- mont's Oriat. 101 Their Tore-led life. 1583 Stanyhurst sEneis Ded. (Arb.) 8 Like as Torelittring bitches whelp blynde puppies. 1642 Fuller Holy Prof. St. iii. xxiii. 217 If such Toremade reports prove true. 1565 Golding Ovids Met. x. (1593) 248 Her *foremisgiving mind did also make her sad. 1583 Stanyhurst VEneis iv. (Arb.) 118 Thee Torenoted offrings. 1568 T. Howell Arb. Amitie (1879) 43 Perpend the grace, the trust and trade, of Toreobteyned wyfe. 1627-77 Feltham Resolves 1. xxviii. 48 Men are Tore-opinion’d of him for a politic man. 1549 Chaloner tr. Erasm. Morise Enc. Aj, Their longe and Tore- penned oracions. 1709 Strype Ann. Ref. I. liv. 587 All .. were but Tore-pretended falsehoods. 1850 Lynch Theo. Trhi. i. 15 *Fore-provided signals. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII, 1. ii. 127 The Tore-recited practises. 1661 J. Stephens Procurations 142 According to the fore-recited Act. 1526 Tindale N. T. Prol., This Torerehearced newe testament. 1577-87 Holinshed Chron. III. 1230/2TheTore-remembred Coniers vicar of saint Martins in Norwich. 1631 Weever A?ic. Fun. Mon. 170 My fore remembred Author. 1534 Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) O viij, The Tore ryped prymetyme prouoked them therto. 1587 Golding De Mor- nay Pref. 10 For .. Tore-setled opinions doo bring in bond¬ age. ^ 1647 Sprigge Anglia Rediv. 1. ii. 12 The Tore- specified commands. 1693 Chauncy Enq. Gosp. New Lazu 34 The great Sacrifice so long Tore-typified. X605 Shaks. Lear 1. i. 223 Your Tore-voucht affection [must] Fall into taint. 1592 Wyrley Armorie, Chandos 98 Had I taken the oportunitie. .The towne had I surprised speedilie And well atchiued Tore-wished pretence. 1647 H. More Song of Soul App. iii. xviii, Even so the ghosts. .Walk in their Torewonted coast. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. viii. § 16.489 To reduce those partes to his Allegiance, .was no hard matter to effect; the greater part of Commaunders there (being "fore-wrought) expecting nothing more, .then these perfidious assaults. c. in vbl. sbs., as fore-aboding, -accounting, -being, -building, -catching, -damning, -enjoying, fearing, -glooming, -living, - misgiving, -placing, -planting, -schooling, -shaping, -understanding, -whipping, -whispering. axqxx Ken Edmund Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 199 Yet from some *Fore-abodings I divine, I David like, the Temple may design. 1580 Sidney Arcadia 1. 85 But Tore- accounting oft makes builders misse. 1561 Daus tr. Bul- linger on Apoc. (1573) 10 For this is it, that he meaneth by ioyning the Torebeyng to the present beyng. 1662 Glan- vill Lux Orie)it. xii. (1682) 92 In the state of our Fore- Beings. 1581 Mulcaster Positio7is v. (1887) 26 That, which must follow their Torebuilding. 1625 Gill Sacr. Philos. 1. 86 Some Tore-catchings of the shadowes of things to come. 1615 Byfield Expos. Coloss. iii. 6 That can but seriously consider. .God’s reprobating or Tore-damning of millions of men. 1640 Bp. Reynolds Passions (1658) 985 Under pretence of devoting themselves to contemplation and a Tore-enjoying of the light of God. X674 N. Fairfax Bulk 4 * Selv. 65 The Torefearing that if emptiness far and wide were not granted, the world would not be bounded. 1880 W. Watson Prhice's Quest, Vanishings (1892) 147 Vague Toregloomings of the Dark to be. X430 Lydg. Chron. Troy v. xxxvi, The Kynge was to her in all his Tore liuinge Louyng and true in all maner thinge. 1565 Golding Ovid's Met. vi. (1593) 143 The Toremisgiving of his mind did make them sore afraid. 1611 Cotgr., Premise , a Tore- placing, a setting before. Ibid., Preplantement, a Tore- planting or former setting. 1886 Lowell Pr. Wks. (1890) VI. 163 Is it so good a Tore-schooling for Life? 1892 Athenaeum 16 Apr. 496/2 Some clear Toreshapings of that new order. 1550 Bale Sel. Wks. (1849) 498 And I (saith St. John) perceived it evidently in my Tore-understanding, that this woman, .was all drunken in the bloody slaughter of saints. 16x3 T. Godwin Rom. A7itie rybbys of j? e Tore quarterys. 1883 Harper's Mag. Feb. 367/2 A fore-quarter of lamb. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V, v. ii. 97 Compris’d Within the Tore-ranke of our Articles. 1863 J- G. Murphy Comm. Gen. xlix. 10 Judah had the forerank among the tribes in the wilderness. x8g$ Daily News 9 Jan. 6/2, 17 Toreribs of beef. 1633 Ford Love's Sacr. hi. i, Shut up your Tore-shop, I’ll be your journeyman no longer. 1613 Shaks. He)i. VIII, 11. iii. 98 Honours traine Is longer than his Tore-skirt. 1665 J. Wilson Projectors 11. i. Dram. Wks. (1874) 218 One doublet with a new pair of foreskirts. 1732 E. Forrest Hogarth's Tour 8 The Tore-tail of his shirt. 1631 Househ. Ord. 349 The To re way for the chappell. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 4 *Forewedge and helewedge. 1728 Vanbr. & Cib. Prov. Husb. 1. Wks. (1730) 222 The two Tore- wheels came crash down at once. 1822 Imison Sc. 4 * Art 1 . 103 In all four-wheeled carriages, the fore-wheels are made of a less size than the hind ones. b. Indicating the front part of something; as fore-brain, -palate, -shaft, -shoulder. 1879 tr. Haeckel's Evol. Man II. xx. 225 The highest acti¬ vities of the animal body, .have their seat in the Tore-brain. 1872 Beames Comp. Gram. Aryan Lang. India I. ix. 326 A larger portion of the tongue’s surface being brought into contact with the Tore-palate. 1883 Im Thurn Indians Guiana xi. 245 The Toreshaft [of arrow] and the blunt head. 1857 Holland Bay Path xvii. 196 Then he’ll let me have it just back o’ the Tore-shoulder. c. Indicating one of the front limbs of an animal; as fore-claw, -Jin, -flipper, -hoof, -knee, -limb, -pad, -paw,~\ -talon. (Stress often on the sb.) 1769 Phil. Traits. LX. 37 On its Tore-claws are five strong long nails. 1779-80 Cook Voy. (1785) II. 457 The dam., holds the young one between her Tore-fins. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xlv. (1856) 417 Behind the * fore-flippers. 1770 G. White Selborne xxviii. 79 The Tore-hoofs were upright and shapely. 1607 Topsell Fourf Beasts 121 And then stayeth his body vpon the -fore-knees. 1794-6 E. Darwin Zoon. (1802) I. 199 Quadrupeds that have collar¬ bones use their Tore-limbs in some measure as we use our hands. 1879 Jefferies Wild Life in S. C. 8 These animals, [rabbits], strike with the Tore-pads as if boxing. 1825 J. Neal Bro. Jonathan I. no Throwing one of the bear’s great Tore-paws at him. a 1682 Sir T. Browne Tracts 113 They opened the vein of the Tore talon. d. Naut . Chiefly in words denoting some 4 part of a ship’s frame and machinery which lies near 54-2 FORE-. 428 FORE AND AFT. the stem, or in that direction, in opposition to aft or after ’ (Adm. Smyth) ; also of parts connected with the foremast (opposed to main-, mizen-); as fore-bitts , - bonnet , - bowline, - brace, - bridge, -cap, -cat-Jiarpings, -chains, -cluegarnct, -course, -downhaul, -hatch, -hatchway, - hood, -keel, -lee, -rake, rigging, -royal, -scuttle, -shrouds, -spoke, -spritsail, -tackle, - truck, -trysail. 1833 Marryat P. Simple (1863) 411 Their first shot went right through the hull of the brig, just abaft the *fore-bits. 1669 Sturmy Mariner s Mag. 1. 17 Unbind all things clear of it, and bring too the * Fore-bonnet. Ibid. 18 Hawl bout *fore Bowline. Ibid. 17 Hawl aft the Sheets, get aft on the Quarter Deck, the *fore Braces. 1833 Marryat P. Simple 11863) 2I 3 The jaws of the fore-brace block. 1893 Adm. Markham in Daily News 3 July 5/7 The Admiral came forward to the ^fore-bridge. 1748 Anson’s Voy. in. i. 297 The Gloucester’s *forecap split. 1867 Smyth Sailor s lVord- bk., *Fore Cat-harpings. 1720 *Fore-chains [see Chain 14 b], 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 193 From the stem to the fore-chains. 1825 H. B. Gascoigne Nav. Fame 51 The *Forecluegarnets are Let-run of all. 1626 Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 96 The fore sayle called sometimes the *fore course. 1707 Lond. Gaz. No. 4380/3 The Firebrand .. forc’d in under a Fore-course for the Light of St. Agnes. 1669 Sturmy Mariner s Mag. 1. 17 Belay the Tore doon hall. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xxxi. 112 A large sheep-pen which had been built upon the *forehatch. 1790 Beatson Nav. Mil. Mem. II. 162 The *fore-hatch-way. 1819 J. H. Vaux Mem. I. 226 Certain parts of the stem, called the *fore-hoods, were loose. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto’s Trav. lxvi. 267 The *Fore-keel of our Poup. a 1802 Young Man v. in Child Ballads vm. ccxlv. (1892) 377/1 She’ll..gae out your -fore- lee. 1627 Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. ii. 4 The Tore Rake is that which giues the ship good way. 1805 in Nicolas Disp. Nelson (1846) VII. 167 note , Employed knott¬ ing and splicing our Tore-rigging. 1882 Daily Tel. 12 Sept. 2/1 He was ordered on to the *foreroyal yard along with another youngster. 1800 Colquhoun Comm. Thames ii. 55 He placed the two trunks close to the Tore-scuttle. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 111. 64 Let us go a little way up the *Fore-shrouds. 1833 Marryat P. Simple (1863) 107 The captain and first lieutenant went aft, and took the Tore- spokes of the wheel, a 1661 Holyday Juvenal 229 A Tore- sprit-saile. 1823 Crabb Technol. Diet. s. v. Fore , * Fore¬ tackle, a tackle on the fore-mast. 1669 Sturmy Mariner s M ag. v. 64 They nail down Quoyners to the *Fore-Trucks of heavy Guns. 1895 Century Mag. Aug. 594/2 The admiral’s flag at the fore-truck. 1857 C. Gribble in Merc. Mar. Mag. (1858) V. 3 *Fore-try-sail. 4 . With reference to time. a. Giving the addi¬ tional sense of precedence or anticipation ; as fore¬ age, -ancestor, -assurance, -care, -consciousness, -counsel, -day, -gleam, -glimpse, -handsel,-hope,-im¬ pression, -king, -light, -luck, -martyr, -messenger, -notice, -notion, -order, -parent, -precedent, -reso¬ lution, -restraint, -scene, -scent, -sense, -sentence, -shift, -sign, -sin, -splendour, -tenant, -thrift, -year . 1581 J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 453 b, Where be these Records .. of auncient Antiquitye, and of all *foreages ? *563-87 Foxe A. <$• M. (1596) 120 Our *fore-ancestors. 1631 Donne BiatJianatos (1644) 74 A *fore-assurance that else they would escape death by death. 1615 P. Smalle Mans May Biija, Prudence, *Fore-care, and Dili¬ gence. .are the flovv’rs of May. 1843 Lowell Glance behind Curtain Poet. Wks. (1879) 49 A Tore-consciousness of their high doom. 1839 Bailey Festus (1848) 32/1 *Forecounsel, wisdom, and experience, a 1300 Cursor M. 19049 (Cott.) A man was criplid m j>e parlesi, And had ben mast all his Tordais. 1857-8 Sears A than. xi. 98 We get even now intimations and * fore-gleams of what it is. 1894 Advance (Chicago) 5 Apr., A Tore-glimpse of the Day of Judgment. 1574 tr. Marlorat's Apocalipsg A Torehansell of the newe lyfe. 1603 Sir C. Heydon Jud. Astrol. x. 233 If therefore through this ^fore- hope .. the excesse of immoderate ioy be abated. 1597 Daniel Civ. Wars vi. xxii, A Tore-impression of the right he has. 1876 Tennyson Harold iv. iii, Thy fierce '’Tore- kings had clench’d their pirate hides To the bleak church doors. 1853 j- Cumming Lect. Miracles (1854) 126 One of the Torelights of the restoration of all things. 1659 Torriano, Buona-mano . .good hanzell or good Tore-luck. 1577 Han- mer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1636) 75 The other Toremartyrs .. hasten themselves unto Martyrdome. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke i. 17 The Toremessagier of the former cumming. 1574 Newton Health Mag. Tjh, A fore- messanger or waymaker to Feuers, Apostumations and Abscesses. 1678 T. Rymer Trag. Last Age 38 Some Tore- notice of it. 1604 Daniel Vision 12 Goddesses Wks. (1717) 239 To the end thou may’st have*Fore-Notion what Powers .. take here this Prospective. 1594 Carew Tasso (1881) 29 And for all wants *foreorder layd. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 41 Our *fore parentes Adam and Eue. 1577-87 Holinshed Citron. III. 1114/1 The said alleaged ^fore- presidents against me. 1629 T. Adams Soules Refuge , Wks. 910 Men that want this Tore-resolution. 1594 Carew Tasso(i88i) 106 How he scornde his rule and Tore-restraint. i857 - 8 Sears A than. 12 If the light of the after-scene were turned full on the Tore-scene. 1834 I. Taylor Sat. Even. 2^1 Not free from an appalling Torescent of his own near discomfiture. 1621 Cade Serin. 3 With too little. .*fore-sence of vengeance, or pricke of conscience. 1840 Clough A mours deVoy. iii. 123 The steady fore-sense of a freer and larger existence. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. ii. Ark 599 This . .old-man .. toucht. with true repentance, W th Prophet- mouth ’gan thus his Son’s *fore-sentence. 1891 Labour Commission Gloss, s.v. Shift , One set or shift go under¬ ground early in the morning .. these are called foreshift men’. The second set go underground about 9 a.m., and are called ‘ backshift men ’. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Mark i. 13 Undoubtedlye he maketh a Toresigne. 1659 Macallo Can. Physick 43 Foresigns of life or death. 1530 Tindale Ans7o. More 11. iii. (1573) 293/2 To make satisfac¬ tion for his *fore-sinnes. 1831 Carlyle Sart. Res. (1858) 115 Fore-shadows, call them rather *fore-splendours, of that Truth. 1814 Southey Roderick 11, The - fore-tenant of that holy place. 1869 R. Lytton Orval 217 The force of Tore- thnft in the fear of want. 1615 Chapman Odyss. vm. 603 The sauing trade, The Reuerend for her wisedome (Circe) had In *foreyeares taught him. b. Indicating the early part of; as fore-night, -summer, -year; foreday — morning. Chiefly Sc. 1818 Hogg Brownie Bodsbeck I. 13 He saw them as weel as it had been *fore-day. 1808-79 Jamieson, * Forenicht, the interval between twilight and bed-time. 1887 American XIV. 234 The terrible winter and Toresummer of 1854-55. 1545 Brunston in Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) III. 372 The said cardinal [Beaton] entendis .. to bring us gret support in the Toir yere. 5. Special combinations, a. With reference to place: fore-action, the movement of a horse’s front legs; + fore-alley, (in a meeting-house) the alley or passage in front of the desk ; f fore-beak, the prow of a vessel; + fore-board, the deck or fore-deck; fore-boot: see Boot sb. 1 4 c ; + fore¬ bowels, the part of a horse’s belly in front of the girths ; + fore-bush (of hair) = Forelock ; + fore¬ buttock (jocular), the breast (of a woman) ; + fore-cloth, the covering of a horse’s shoulders; t fore-cock (of a hat), see quot. and Cock 3; + fore-crag i^see quot.); + fore-crop (see quot.) ; f fore-entry (a) = Fore-court, ( b ) the porch or gate-house ; + fore-fellows, fellow-soldiers in the preceding rank ; fore-flank, (1 a ) the front part of the flank, ( b ) (see quot. 1796); t^ ore "S a ^" lant, the chief performer (in a morrice-dance) ; + fore-gear, ( a ) armour for the front of the body, ( b ) harness for the front horses of a team; fore¬ hanging, fore-hearth (see quots.) ; fore-heater, salt-making (see quot.); + fore-hip, a trick in wrestling ; fore-hooks, Naut. = breast-hooks ; f fore-knight Naut. (see quot.) ; fore-lighter, the first in a 4 gang ’ of lighters; + fore-lines, lines drawn directly forward ; fore-march, a march for¬ ward, in quot. fig- ; fore-mark, ? a conspicuous model for imitation ; fore-page, the first page (in a printed work) ; fore-piece (see quot.) ; fore-pipe, a brass pipe near the muzzle of a musket, etc., to receive the ramrod ; + fore-smock, ? an article of dress worn in front of the smock, an apron ; + fore¬ spar Sc., a swingle-tree for attaching the front horses of a team; fore-starling (see quot.); fore-step, ( a ) a step forward, ( b) pi. steps in front, tracks; + fore-stone, a mass of rock that interrupts a vein of ore; fore-thwart, fore-train (see quots.) ; + fore-tow Sc., a rope for attaching the front horses of a team ; fore-winning (see quot.). 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 159 The Spanish horse carries his head high, and his *fore-action is regulated hereby. 1716 S. Sewall Diary 9 Sept., They stood in the ^Fore-Ally and were admitted, Confessing their Sin of Fornication, a 1656 Ussher Ann. vi. (1658) 551 After they had ran violently upon one another with their Torebeaks. 1591 Harington Orl. Fur. xm. xv, In vaine it was to pull down all our sailes, And on the Toreboord close to couch the mast. 1580 Blundevil Horses Diseases cxi. 51 b, All the shoulder [of the horse] from the maine downward, and betwixt the Torebowels. 1674 N. Cox Genii. Recreat. v. (1688) 65 You shall observe your Horse’s Sweat, under his Saddle, and Forebowels, if it appear White. 1591 Perci- vall Sp. Did., Copete , the Torebush of the haire. 1727 Swift, etc. Sylv ., Misc. IV. 137 Her *Fore Buttocks to the navel bare. 1526 Househ. Ord. (1790) 205 The King’s sadles, bridles, bytts, *forecloathes, and other necessaries. 1627 Crt. T|arm), sb. [f. Fore- pref. + Arm ! sb.~\ The part of the arm between the elbow and j the wrist; sometimes the whole arm below the 1 elbow. Also, the corresponding part in the fore¬ legs of quadrupeds, or in the wings of birds. 1741 Monro Anat. Bones (ed. 3) 2*51 The fore-arm consists of two long Bones, the Ulna and Radius. 1758 J. S. Le Drafts Observ. Surg. (1771) 156 The Swelling upon the .. Fore-Arm increased. 1835-6 Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 294/2 Birds in general possess two flexors, .of the fore-arm. 1843 Bethune Sc. Fireside St or. 128 In such a manner as to leave the whole of the fore-arm bare. 1856 Kane A ret. Expl. I. xxix. 388 She tore down by single efforts of her forearms the barrels of frozen beef. 1880 Haughton PJiys. Geog. vi. 283 The bones of the forearm and leg. Forearm (fo>>ra\im), v. [f. Fore- pref. + Arm v.] trans-. To arm beforehand; lit. an&fg. 1592 Greene Disc. Coosnage n. i Forewarned, forearmed. 1682 Dryden Medal 68 Who helps a pow’rful Friend, fore¬ arms a Foe. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 429 Knowing that forewarned is forearmed. 1862 Goulburn Pers. Relig. in. iv. (1873) 190 We are forearmed against surprises. Fore-axle : see Fore- pref 3. t Fo:re-ba - ckwardly, adv. Obs. rare~ x . [f. Fore adv. + Backward + -ly -.j Beginning at the wrong end, preposterously. 1581 Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 62 Exercise indeede wee doe, but that, very fore-backwardly: for where we should exercise to know, wee exercise as hauing knowne. Fore-balance, -bald: see Fore -pref 2 a. t Fo re-ball. dial. Obs. (See quot.) 1602 Carew Ccrmuall 74a, The Hurlers are bound to the obseruation of many lawes, as .. that he must deale no Fore-ball, viz. he may not throw it to any of his mates standing neerer the goale, then himselfe. Fore-bay (fooub?*). [f. Fore- pref. + Bay sb.-’>] a. Naut. b. Hydraulics, (see quots.) 1867 Smyth Sailods Word-bk., Fore-bay .. the galley or sick-Day. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech., Forebay, a reservoir or conductor between a mill-race and a waterwheel. The discharging end of a head or mill-race. Fore-beak, -beam, -being: see FoRE-/n/. t Fcrre-bell. Obs. [f. Fore- pref. + Bell.] The first of a peal of bells. 1484 Churchw. Acc. Wig toft, nr. Boston (Nichols 1797)79 For shotyng of an irren bolte to the forbell whele. 1529 Churchw. Acc. St. Giles Reading 37 Iron werk for the fore bell. 1546 Ludlow Churchw. Acc. (Camden) 26 Pesynge of the for belle rope. 1801 Strutt Sports § Past. in. v. § 18. 171 These [morris-dancers’] hells were of unequal sizes and differently denominated, as the fore hell, the second bell, the treble, the tenor or great bell. Fore-bemoan, -bespeak, -bias : see Fore-. t Fo’re-bit. Obs. [f. Fore adv. + bit, Bitten.] = Devil’s-bit 1. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 11. ccxxxvii. 587 It is commonly called Morsus Diaboli or Diuels hit, of the root (as it seemeth) that is bitten off. .in French Mors du Diable .. in English Diuels bit, and Fore-hit. 1611 Cotgr., Mors du diable , the hearhe Forehit, or Diuels hit. Forebitten, ppl . a. Obs. [f. Fore- pref. + Bitten.] Bitten in front; only in Forebittcn mo?'C = Forebit. 1597 Gerarde Herbal App., Forebitten More is Diuels hit. Fore-bless,-blind,-board, etc.: see Fore- pref. Forebode (fo*ub< 7 'i*d), v. [f. Fore- pref. + Bode v.] 1 . trans. To announce beforehand, predict, prog¬ nosticate. 1664 Butler Hud. 11. iii. 172 Do not our great Reformers I use This Sidrophel to fore-boad News. 1709 Steele Tatler I No. 30 p 5 To Morrow will be a Day of Battle, and some- I thing forebodes in my Breast that I shall fall in it. 1816 j J. Wilson City of Plague iii. i, Then many heard, .a voice j foreboding woe. 1879 Dixon Windsor I. xxvi. 265 Old men foreboded evil days to come. b. Of things: To betoken, portend. 1656 Cowley Pindaric Odes, Isa. xxxiv. v, Though no new Ills can he foreboded there. 1718 Freethinker No. 62 F 7 Palpitations of the Heart .. foreboded the Infidelity of a Friend. 1780 Covvper Progr. Err. 604 Long flights forebode a fall. 1868 E. Edwards Raleigh I. xiii. 254 The Earl’s administration of Irish affairs foreboded at its outset the issue. 2 . To feel a secret premonition of, have a pre¬ sentiment of (usually evil) ; to anticipate, to appre¬ hend beforehand. Const, simple obj. or subord. cl. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 235 You see the dangers and injuries I indure in this my journy, and my minde for- bodeth greater to ensue. 1677 Horneck Gt. Law Consid. v. (1704) 271 An evil conscience, which foreboded an all- revenging arm. 1725 Pope Odyss. ix. 248 My soul fore¬ boded I should find the bower Of some fell monster. 1793 Ld. Sheffield in Ld. Auckland’s Corr. (1862) III. 118, I foreboded mischief the moment I heard of its division. 1848 Dickens Dombey 341 Stragglers .. foreboding that their misery there would be but as a drop of water in the sea. 1895 M. Corelli Sorrows Satan 321 Neither to regret the past nor forbode the future. b. intr. or absol. To conjecture, forecast. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 7 p 4 One of these Antiquated Sibyls, that forebodes and prophesies from one end of the Year to the other. 1782 Cowper Gilpin 166 And if I well forebode, My hat and wig will soon be here. 1850 Haw¬ thorne Scarlet L. x. (1892) 161 There can be, if I forebode aright, no power short of the Divine mercy, to disclose [etc.]. Hence Forebo ded///, a. Also + Forebode sb ., Forebo-dement, a foreboding. a 1679 T. Goodwin Wks. II. iv. 72 There is upon many forebodes, .one great Fate to come upon the Churches of Christ. 1755 Johnson, Presagement , forebodement, pre- sension. 1853 M. Arnold Poems , World's Triumphs , Thy foreboded homage. i860 Adler Fauriel's Prov. Poetiy xi. 234 He was wont to tremble at every fore¬ bodement. t Forebo’den, ///. a. Obs. rare. [Fore pref. + boden pa. pple. of bede Bid vl\ Presented be¬ forehand. 1602 Carew Cornwall 25 b, It was taken at first for a forboden token. Foreboder (fo^b^-dai). [f. Forebode v. + -er 1 .] One who or that which forebodes ; fa prog¬ nosticator. 1687 R* L’Estrange Ans7u. Diss. 43 These Fore-boders, are..the most Pernicious of Wizzards. 1782 Burns Song, O why the deuce should I repine, And be an ill foreboder. 1805 Wordsw. Waggoner iii. 130 This explanation .. Cured the foreboder like a charm. 1876 Bancroft Hist. U. S. IV. xxxiv. 568 Merchants, .who feared a war as the fore¬ boder of their own bankruptcy. Foreboding (fooibou-dii]), vbl. sb. [f. Fore¬ bode v. + -ing L] 1 . The action of the vb. Forebode ; hence, a pre¬ diction, presage. (Now only of evil.) 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 401 As so as it was by a forbledynge [zi.rr. for bedynge, forbodyng] he hadde f>at name Seneca. 1618 Bolton Flomts iv. xii. 320 Marcus Crassus. .tooke the word as a faire foreboding. 1838 Thirl- wall Greece IV. xxxiv. 357 By which the forebodings of Socrates were realised, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. ii.12 Heed¬ less of the forebodings of many prophets of evil weather, b. A portent, omen. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 351 f>is Remigius semede ny^ a wonder forbeddynge [v.rr. forbodyng, vor- bodyngl. 1692 R. L’Estrangk Fables clxxviii. moral 149 The Fancy of Omens, Forebodings, Old Wives Tales and Visions. 1871 Palgrave Lyr. Poems 28 Great Ossa .. lay Like the foreboding of a coming woe. 2 . A presentiment of something to happen, esp. of approaching or overhanging evil. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 186, I say no more for griefe, and foreboding of euill fortune. 1799 Sheridan Pizarro 11. iii, I.. cannot fly from the foreboding which oppresses me. 1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect II. 149 She had a foreboding of early death. Foreboding (foojbJu’diq), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing 2 .] That forebodes, in senses of the vb. 1679 Everard Popish Plot 7 By a fore-boding guilt they knew perfectly. .1 had grounds enough wherewith to accuse them. 1795 Burke Th. Scarcity Wks. 1842 II. 257, I can never quote France without a foreboding sigh, i860 Pusey Min. Proph. 486 That he by a foreboding name should he called Haggai, i. e. ‘ festive . Hence Forebodingly adv .; Forebo dingness. 1801 Coleridge Let . in Mrs. Sandford T. Poole <$• Friends (1888). II. 48 My gloom and forehodingness respecting pecuniary affairs. 1823 New Monthly Mag. VIII. 284 He gave me a squeeze of the hand, which was forebodingly forcible. 1857 W. Collins Dead Secret in. ii. (1861) 79 Her head shaking forebodingly from time to time. Fore-body (fo->ubp:di). [f. Fore- pref .] + 1 . The front part of a dress. Obs. 1611 Cotgr. s.v. Robert, A Doublet whose forebodie is fine stuffe, and the backe parts course. 1691 Islington Wells 10 The Lady by her Manteaus Forehody, Sure takes a Pride to Dress like no Body. 2 . JVant. (See quots.) 1830 Hedderwick Marine Archil. 113 Fore-body, every part of the hull before .. the dead-flat frame. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Fore-body, an imaginary figure of that part of the ship afore the midships or dead-flat, as seen from ahead. 1883 For tv. Rev. 1 Sept. 324 Thus making the afterbody longer and finer than the forebody. t Fo rebow l . Obs. exc. dial. Also 6 fore¬ bough, 7 -boothe. [f. Fore- pref. + Bough sb. (sense 1), Bow sbF] a. In pi. The shoulders of a quadruped, as seen from the front; the breast, b. The beak or prow of a ship. 1569 Stocker tr. Diod. Sic. iii. viii. 115 It is difficile and harde to laye abord about the beake or forebough of a Callie. 1610 Markham Masterp. 1. Iii. 110 Bathe all his breast and foreboothes with the oyle of Peter. 1614 — Cheap Hush. (1623) 86 His dew-lap extending from his neather lip downe to his fore-boothes. 1714 Lond. Gaz. No. 5253/4 Strayed .. a Black Mare .. a small White Spot between her Forebows. 1828 Craven Dial., Forbows , the breast of an animal. + Fo'rebow 2 . Obs. [f. Fore- pref. + Bow J& 1 ] The arched frame in the front of a saddle. (Cf. Fr. arconl) 1725 Bradley -Font. Did. s.v. Saddle, The Toes or Points of the Saddle’s Fore-bow press too much the Horse’s Side. 1835 Booth Analyt. Did. 296 The Saddle has a round knob on the fore-part or Fore-bow, called the Pommel. Fore-bowels, -bowline, etc.: see Fore -pref. Fo rebreast. [OE. forbriost (rendering L. pnveordia) , f. For- 2 , Fore- pref. + brtost , Breast.] 1 . Sc. The fore part of anything. c 1470 Henry Wallace vii. 1189 At the forbreist thai prewit hardely. 1825-80 Jamieson, Fore-breast, .as the fore-breast o’ the Taft, the front-seat of the gallery in a church. 1871 W. Alexander Johnny Gibb i. (1873) 13 And then, mount¬ ing the ‘ forebreist ’ [of a cart] himself, started again. attrib. 1513 Douglas AEneis xi. xv. 19 The forbreist lappis. 2 . Mining. (See quot.) = Forfield. 1747 Hooson Miner s Did., Forebrest , Forfield or Fore¬ head. Those are all the same hut the most Antient Name amongst the Old Miners is Forfield ; and it is always that Quantity of Wholes which he takes in his compass before him, as he cuts his way be it more or less. 1880 C. C. Adley in Rep. Pioneer Mining Co. 2 Oct. 1 The rock in the forebreast of the level has become very hard. Forebroads (foaubrgdz). Sc. [f. Fore •pref ; cf. Icel. broddr ‘ milk of cows immediately after calving* (Vigf.).] = Beestings. 1811 W. Aiton Agric. Surv. Ayrsh. 443 (Jam.) The young calves are fed on the milk, first drawn, locally termed fore¬ broads. 1842 J. Aiton Clerical Economics iv. 173 The milk first drawn from the cow, locally termed the forebroads. t Forebudding. ? = Forebody 2. 1811 Citron, in Ann. Reg.g6ji She [a fishing smack] drifted down on a boat a-head of her and took the point of her boom into her forebuddings. Foreburden, corrupt var. of Faburden. 1603 Holland Plutarch’s Mor. 476 The foreburthen of their canticle was this. t Forebuy’er. Obs. [f. Fore- pref. + Buyer.] One who buys a-t first hand to sell again, a whole¬ sale buyer. 1558 MercJt. Adv. Newcastle (Surtees) 88 Woll and skynnes, bought of any glovers or forebyers. 1559 Ibyi. 48 An acte concernyng the byeng of woolL.of for-byers.. Men that byes it of other men that growes it, callyde forbyers. 1597 Skene De Verb. Sign. s. v. Regratcris, That they are fore-byars of quheate, beare, aites [etc.]. Fore-bush, -buttock: see Fore- pref. 5. Fo’re-cabin. [f. Fore- pref. + Cabin.] A cabin in the forepart of the vessel; spec, one for second-class passengers in which the accommoda¬ tion is inferior to that in the saloon. 1816 Genii. Mag. LXXXVI. I. 102 The fore-cabin made close, and a hatchway so as to keep out the water. 1833 Marryat P. Simple{iS6p 6 1 The cashier, with his chest of money, .was shown into the fore-cabin. 1877 \V, Thomson Voy. Challenger I. i. 11 The fore-cabin, a handsome room 30 ft. long by 12 wide. ForecaTl, v. [f. Fore- pref. + Call v.] trans. To call or ordain beforehand. (In first quot. perh. for *forcall= Forspeak, to bewitch.) c 1650 Suppl. to Vicary’s Anat. 113 If a man be fore- called, doe this nine dayes, and hee shall be whole. 1667 Waterhouse Fire Lon J. 61 He predisposes and forecalls severalties to their Randezvous. 1880 L. A. Tollemache in Jrnl. Educ. Oct. 225 Cats were his Cardinals made. .Each forecalled by the name of an unborn Cynic apostle. FORE-CARRIAGE. 430 FORECLOSE. Fo**e-carriage. [f. Fore- pref. + Carriage.] + a. Carriage forward or out from home; opp. to back-carriage, b. The front part of the framework of a carriage, esp. the front axle and fore-wheels. 1549 Privy Council Acts (1890) II. 349 Shod wheles for fore cariages. 1677 Yarranton Eng. Improv. 118 All things would be fitted for fore and back carriage. 1892 Melbourne Age 31 Dec. 10/2 Waggonette for Sale, English forecarriage. Forecast (fo^ukast), sb. [f. next vb.] 1 . a. The action, habit, or faculty of forecasting; foresight of consequences and provision against them, forethought, prudence. Now rare. a 1541 Wyatt Poet. Whs. (1861) 183 The wisdom and fore¬ cast, Which woe to realms, when that the King doth lack ! 1644 Quarles Barnabas <$* B. 243 Give me a wise fore¬ cast, that the subtlety of the devil may not entrap me. 1754 Richardson Grandisoti\ 1781) I. vii. 109 He has inven¬ tion, forecast, and contrivance. 1831 Carlyle Sart. Res. (1858) 177 The doctrine, which Swift, with the keen fore¬ cast of genius, dimly anticipated. 1838 Prescott Ferd. e. Fore-denounced, -desk, etc.: see Fore- pref. Forede’stine, v. [f. Fore- pref. + Destine v.] trans. To destine beforehand, predestine. a 1300 Cursor M. 417 (Cott.) He fordestend tuin creature to serue him in ]?at hali ture. Ibid. 25270 (Cott.) All )>at t?ou has fordestind ar, to }?e kingrike of heuen blis. 1880 W. Watson Prince's Quest [fbcyi) 105 Our king foredestined from his mothers womb. Forede’stiny. [f. Fore- pref. + Destiny.] + a. A declaration of what is destined to happen, prediction ( obs .). b. = Destiny 4. 1548 Hooper Declar. io Commandm. iv. Fj, These blind coniectures and foredestenis. 1871 Morley Voltaire { 1886) 2 Invincible forces of grace, election and foredestiny. Foredoom (fonU|d;7m), sb. [f. Fore- pref. + Doom sb.] A doom or judgement pronounced beforehand; destiny. 1563 Sackville Induct. Mirr. Mag. lxiii, loves vn- mooved sentence and foredoome On Priam kyng. 1625 K. Long tr. Barclay's Argents 11. xvii. 125 Kings Councels, and the gods fore-doome.. She knows. 1839 Bailey Festus (1854) 346 An opening scene in Heaven, wherein The fore¬ doom of all things. .Is shewn. Foredoom (foejt|dz7-m), v. [f. Fore- pref. + Doom v.] 1 . trans. To doom beforehand: a. to condemn beforehand {to a destiny, or to do something); b. to foreordain, predestine (a thing). a. 1608 Shaks. Lear v. iii. 291 (Qo. 2) Your eldest daugh¬ ters haue fore-doom’d [Qo. 1 foredoome; Fol. foredone] themselues. 1647 May Hist. Pari. 1. ii. 23 Men .. fore¬ doomed by an Oracle to a bad fortune. 1715-20 Pope Iliad xvi. 545 Sons of gods, foredoom’d to death, Before proud Ilion. 1808 J. Barlow Columb. iv. 20 O hapless prelate !.. Foredoom’d with crimes a fruitless war to wage. 1855 H. Reed Led. Eng. Hist. viii. 270 The ruthless judges, who had foredoomed her. 1878 Bosw. Smith Carthage 150 His efforts were, for the present foredoomed to failure. b. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk <5- Selv. 162 Foredooming that which is to be, and is not, till so foredoom’d. 1712-4 Pope Rape Lock iii. 5 Here Britain’s statesmen oft the fall fore¬ doom Of foreign tyrants. 1814 Southey Roderick xr, A field .. For bloody theatre of famous deeds Foredoom’d. 1844 Mrs. Browning Drama of Exile Poems 1850 I. 62 Had God foredoomed despair, He had not spoken hope. 2 . To determine beforehand as a doom ; to fore¬ cast, foreshadow, presage. a. 1592 Greene George a Gi'eene Wks. (Rtldg.) 261/2 A wizer wizard never met you yet, Nor one that better could foredoom your fall. 1818 Keats Endym. 1. 252 Broad leaved fig trees even now foredoom Their ripen’d fruitage. Hence Foredoo med ppl. a. Also Poredoo mer. 1591 Troub. Raigne K. John 11. (1611) 75 Disturbed thoughts, foredoomers of mine ill. 1700 Dryden Pal. k gret mysdoers Als anticrist lyms and his forgangers. c 1460 TozuneLy Myst. (Surtees) 165, I go before bodword to bere, And as forgangere am I send. 2 . Naut. a. 4 A short piece of rope immediately connecting the line with the shank of the harpoon, when spanned for killing’ (Adm. Smyth). Cf. Foregoer, -runner, b. (See quot. 1867.) [So Du. voorganger .] *794 Rigging «$• Seamanship I. 64 Yarn for foregangers is made of the best dressed long hemp. 1823 Scoresby Jrtil. Whale Fishery 288 The ‘fore-ganger’, or that part of the line immediately connected with the harpoon. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Fore-ganger of the Chain Bower Cables, is a length of 15 fathoms of stouter chain, in consequence of greater wear and tear near the anchor. Foregarth (foeugai))). dial. [a. ON. for- gard-r, f. for-, Fore- + gard-r Garth (= OE. geard Yard).] = Fore-yard 1 . 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 137 The helme in the foregarth will doe somethinge more then shelter three waines. 1684 MS. Indenture (Yorksh.), All that cottage, foregarth and little close. Foregate (f 5 ®'jge foir-gait in oppin and publict tavernis. a 1583 Chaim. A ir in Balfour's Practicks (1754) 588 Gif thair be ony swine cruivis biggit on the fore-gait, stoppand the samin. Foregather : see Forgather. Fore-gear: see Fore- pref. 5. + Foregengl. Obs.— 1 [f. Fore -pref + *gengl = OHG. gengil goer, f. root of Gang v.] A fore¬ goer, predecessor. c 1205 Lay. 25082 peos weoren mine selderen, mine a 8 - 3 ele uore-genglen. Foregift (foougift). [f. Fore- pref. + Gift.] Law. ‘A premium for a lease* (Wharton 1867). 1744 in N. Riding Rec. VIII. 109 A fine or foregift was paid to the late Lady Stapleton. 1845 Stephen Comm. Lazos Eng. (1874) II. 737 That no fine or foregift be taken for the lease. 1881 Lazo Rep. Chancery Div. XVI. 598 There was reserved on every demise .. the best yearly rent without taking any fine, premium or foregift. Fore-gird: see Fore- pref 1. t Fore-grve, v. Obs. [f. Fore- pref. + Give v. Cf. misgive.] intr. To have a foreboding, anti¬ cipate. 1600 Holland Livy xxv. xxxv. (1609) 575 As commonly mens minds use to fore-give and tell aforehand [L. prsesa- gientibus ] when there is some mischiefe and ill toward them. Fore glance (fo®\iglans). [f. Fore- pref. + Glance sb.] The action of glancing forward; also, a view or glance beforehand. 1825 Coleridge Rem. (1836) II. 126 A misprint .. arising from an anticipation by foreglance of the compositor’s eye. i860 Ellicott Life Our Lord ii. 49 With the rapid fore¬ glance of thought she must have seen in the clouded future, scorn, dereliction, .death. 1889 Hissey Tour in Phaeton 131 How intensely interesting it would be to have a fore¬ glance into a science text-book of a century hence. Fore-glass, -gleam, -glimpse : see Fore-. Forego (fo®\ig(?“), sb. rare— l . [f. next.] Some¬ thing that goes or happens before. 1880 Gordon Bh. Chron. Keith 63 The.. * Death-Watch * . .was conjectured to be a forego of a Death or a Flitting. Forego (foe.ig0u-), v. Pa. t. forewent ; pa. pple. foregone. Forms : see Go. \OE.fore-gdn, f. Fore- pref. +gdn to Go.] 1 . trans. To go before or in advance of; to pre¬ cede : either in position or time. C900 tr. Bzeda's Hist. v. xxi. [xxiii.] (1891) 476 OSer [steorra] hiora foreeode pa sunnan on moreen. 1515 T. More Chron. K. fidzv. V, in Grafton II. 757 And the yere fore goyng his death he had obtayned the towne of Barwike. 1548 Gest Pr. Masse 116 That part of the masse that forgoeth consecration. 1577-87 Holinshed Chron. I. Pref., Summarie contents foregoing euerie chapter. 1587 Golding De Mornay xxx. 491 A Christ .. whom being forgone by an Elias, it behoued to preach the Kingdome of God. 121619 Fotherby Atheom. 11. iii. § 2 (1622) 214 The cause doth alwayes his effect fore-goe. 1668 Cul¬ pepper & Cole Barthol. A nat. 11. vii. 109 The constriction of the Earlets does always forego the Diastole of the Ven¬ tricles. 1879 E. Arnold Lt. Asia 3 Over half the earth a lovely light Forewent the morn. 1884 J. Payne Tales fir. Arabic I. 15 His head forewent his feet and he fell to the ground. Ibid. 185 So Abdulmelik went away to his house, whither he found that the money had foregone him. 2 . intr. To go before, precede in place or time. Also quasi- trans. with cognate obj. C825 Vesp. Ps. lxxxviii. 15 Mildheortnis & socSfestnis forega '5 biforan onsiene 3 inre. a 1300 E. E. Psalter xcvi[i]. 3 Fire bi-fore him sal for-gane. c 1555 Harpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII, 45 The wife and the man with their mutual consent adhibited and fore-going enter into religion. 1563 Mirr. Mag., Hastings i. 5 Cleaving my tombe the waye my fame forewent. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. July 117 And now they bene to heauen forewent. 1622 T. Scott Belg. Pismire 30 To purchase honour without some worthy action fore-going .. is not truely to be Noble. 1865 Mrs. Whitney Gayzvorthys 1 .116 A gait, sublimely unaffected by all that had foregone. Forego : see Forgo. Foregoer (foeige said landes. 1500 20 in Dunbar s Poems (1893)315 My foir grandschir,hecht Fyn Mackcowll. C. 1541 Books Counc.fif Sess. B 18. 44 Gam.) Be his fader^ gudschir, grandshir, and forgrandshir, lardis of Fingiltoun. 1633 ^cts Cltas. I (1814) V. 64/2 To the forsaids persones.. thair fathers guidschirs grandschirs foirgrandschirs [etc.]. d. 1549 Compl. Scot. (1873) 3 Your foir grandscheir gode- froid of billon kyng of iherusalem. .deffendit his pepil. fig. 1581 N. Burne Disp. Relig. xviii. 62/2 Frere Martine Lauter your foirgrandschir passed mair cannelie to vorke. Foreground (fo°jgraund). [f. Fore - pref. + Ground.] 1 . That part of a view which is in front and nearest the observer; esp. as represented in a picture. 1695 Dryden Art 0/Paint. 167 White can subsist on the fore-ground of the Picture. 1799 G. Smith Laboratory 1 .353 Such as lie nearer the fore-ground you are to imitate accord¬ ing to nature. 1834 Medwin Angler in Wales II. 19 The desolate crag—a fit foreground to the still more desolate prospect that the land presented. 1841 W. Spalding Italy $ It. 1 st. II. 401 A mother in the foreground, seated beside her two dead infants. b .fig. The most conspicuous or prominentposition. 1816 Bentham Chrestom. 247 The desirable property, — which on this occasion stands as the principal object, and occupies the fore-ground. 1833 Macaulay Ess., Walpole's Lett, to Mann (1854) 264/2 He was content, .to keep in the background and to leave the foreground to the author. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets v. 127 The Aeolians occupied the very foreground of Greek literature. 2 . The ground in front of an object, rare — \ 1858 J. Martineau Stud. Chr. 134 The high priest.. touched with finger dipped in blood, the sacred lid and foreground of the Ark. 3 . attrib. 1827 Steuart Planter's G. (1828) 362 Several groups of fine foreground Trees with extensive tops were already formed. 1887 Ruskin Przeterita II. 165, I made two fore¬ ground studies in colour. f Foregua'rd, v. Obs .— 1 [f. Fore- pref. + Guard v.] trans. To guard beforehand or in front. 1588 Greene Metam. Wks. (Grosart) IX. 23 In that we foregarded all our actions with vertue. Ibid. 89. Foreguess (forge’s), v. [f. Fore- pref. + Guess.] trans. To guess beforehand; to forecast, anticipate, conjecture. Const, with simple obj. or with obj. clause. Also absol. Hence Foregue*ssing vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 1388 Wyclif Wisd. xvii. 10 marg. note Bi forgessing grete yuels to comynge on it silf. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke xii. 54 Obseruing and markyng al lykelyhoodes and foregeassynges of tempestes. 1598 F lorio Presago , a.. fore¬ guessing man. 1640 Bp. Hall Chr. Moder. 28/1 Melancthon could foreguess that the time should come wherein [etc.]. 1895 W. H. Turton Truth of Chr. 88 He may also have foreknown, what we can only foreguess. Fore-guidanee, -hall: see Fore- pref. 2 d, 3. t ForehaTsen, v. Obs. rare. [f. Fore- pref. + Halsenw.] tratis. {absol.) To presage. 1594 Carevv Tasso 1. iv, One day perhaps, my pen fore- halsening Will dare, what now of thee tis purposing. 1602 — Cornwall 124 b, A fore-halsening of this rebellion. Fo’re-ha:mmer. Sc. and north.dial. [f.FoRE- pref. + Hammer. Cf. Du. voorhamer (in Kilian 1598 veurhamer), Da. forhammer.] The large hammer which strikes first; a sledge-hammer. 1543 Richmond. Wills (Surtees) 43 Item iiij fore hamers. 1592 Sc. Act. Jas. VI (1814) III. 538 Breking vp his chalmer durris with foirhammeris. 1785 Burns Scotch Drink xi, The strong forehammer. 1818 Scott Hrt. Midi. v, The unceasing clang of the heavy fore-hammers. 1894 Crockett Raiders 315 From the other side..came the sound of a forehammer thundering on a gate. Forehand (foo*r|hsend), a. and sb. [f. Fore- pref. + Hand.] A. adj. + 1 . Archery. Forehand (shaft) : an arrow for shooting straight before one. Opposed to under¬ hand. Obs. 1545 Ascham Toxoph. (Arb.) 126 The forehande must haue a bigge breste to bere the great myghte of the bowe. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV , iii. ii. 52 Hee would haue. .carryed you a fore-hand Shaft at foureteene and foureteene and a halfe. 2 . Done or given at some earlier time. Of pay¬ ments, etc.: Made in advance. ? Obs. exc. dial. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado iv. i. 51 She did embrace me as a husband, And so extenuate the forehand sinne. 1678 St. Trials, Popish Plot Introd. VI. 1490, I wonder I had no fore-hand notice of it [my trial], a 1679 T. Goodwin Wks. I. iii. 25 This forehand Union hath, .such virtue in it. 1790 W. Marshall Midland Co. I. 20 Covenanting to pay what is called a ‘forehand rent'. 1825-80 Jamieson s.v., Fore-han’-payment is payment in advance, as is generally the rule with school fees. 3 . Foremost, leading. Also , fore-a-hand. Fore¬ hand stone ( Curling ) : see quot. Also ellipt. or quasi-rA : The first or foremost player. 1664 Butler Hud. n. ii. 618 A Nag That might pass for a forehand Stag. 1816 Scott Old Mart, vii, Ourauld fore¬ hand ox. 1825 Jamieson s.v., The forehand stane is the stone first played in curling. Clydes. 1831 Blackw. Mag. Dec. 983 A canny forehan’. 1892 Kerr Curling Gloss, in Skating , etc. (Badm. Libr.) 380 Fore-han', the first player or lead. 4 . ? = Forehanded 2 b. 1784 Bage Barham Downs I. 172 Would any man in his senses that was not a very forehand man indeed, live in the elegant way you do ? B. sb. 1 . The position in front or above. + To have the forehand of, to be to the forehand with (Sc.): to have the upper hand or advantage of. 1557 Phaer sEneid v. M iij b, And yet not formost al, nor al her keele hath forhand wonne. 1588 Parke tr. Men - dozas Hist. China 143 a, Hee determined, .to depart and procure .. to get the forehande of them, .and to ayde and helpe them [etc.]. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V, iv. i. 297 But for Ceremonie, such a Wretch.. Had the fore-hand and vantage of a King. 1646 Jenkyn Remora 28 God keeps on the fore-hand with you, let us follow hard after him. 1825 80 Jamieson, s.v. , ‘ I’m to the forehand wi’ you ’, I have got the start of you. b. That which holds the front position ; the vanguard, hence the mainstay. 1606 Shaks. Tr. $ Cr. 1. iii. 143 The great Achilles.. The sinew and the fore-hand of our Hoste. 2 . That part of a horse which is before the rider. 1617 Markham Caval. 1. 12 They haue most excellent forehandes. 1683 Loud. Gaz. No. 1890/4 A light Grey Mare .. handsome forehand but thin behind. 1816 Scott Antiq. xxxvi, What fine fore-hands !—what capital chargers they would make ! 1884 E. L. Anderson Mod. Horsemansh. 1. i. 2 For our purposes, we shall consider as the Forehand of the horse all that part which is in front of the saddle. Fo’rehanded. [f. as prec. + -ed 2.] + 1 . Having a forehand (see Forehand B. 2); ‘ formed in the foreparts ’ (J.). Usually with a de¬ fining adj. or adv. Said of horses, and transf. Obs. 1591 Greene Far civ. Folly Wks. (Grosart) IX. 327 The Gentleman is well forehanded and well foreheaded. 1614 Markham Cheap Hush. 1. i. (1668) 4 Observe..to have them fore-handed, that is good neck, breast and shoulders. 1680 Lond. Gaz. No. 1489/4 A dark brown Gelding..lofty Forehanded. 2 . Looking to the forehand (see prec. B. 1); care¬ ful as to the future, prudent, thrifty. Now only U.S. 1650 Jer. Taylor Holy Living (1727) 12 An early and forehanded care. 1777 J. Q. Adams Wks. (1854) IX. 454 Here and there a farmer and a tradesman, who is forehanded and frugal enough to make more money than he has occasion to spend. 1870 Lowell Study Wind. 76 They were..a thrifty forehanded race. b. That has made provision for the future ; in easy circumstances, * well-to-do \ Now only U.S. 1658 Gurnall Chr. in Arm. 11. 576 They that are fore¬ handed, are willing to give time and able to forbear long. 1828 Webster, Forehanded . .2 In America, in good cir¬ cumstances as to property. 1837-40 Haliburton Clockm. (1862) 132 A big man, and one that's considerable fore¬ handed, and pretty well to do in the world. 1851 S. Judd Margaret ix. (1871)47 In popular phrase a forehanded man, his house and barns were large, and his grounds indicated thrift. 1883 Mrs. Rollins New EngBygofies 156 The wives of forehanded farmers and professional men were apt to be somewhat exalted. Fore-handsel, -hanging: see Fore-/;-,?/; 4 a, 5. Fore hard (foa’r ( haid). [f. Fore- pref. + Hard.] (See quot.) X853 Ure Dict.ArtsW. 563 The forehard, or proper twist in the strands for all sizes of ropes, is. .attained. Fore-haste, -hatch, etc.: see Fore- pref. Forehead (fp'red). Forms : see Head. [OE. forlUafod, f. For- 2 , Fore- pref. + hiafod Head.] 1 . That part of the face which reaches upward from the eyebrows to the natural line of the hair. Also, the corresponding part in beasts, etc. c iooo iELFRic Gloss, in Wr.-Wiilcker 156 Caluarium , for- heafod. CI175 Lamb. Horn. 127 Ure forheafod. a 1225 Ancr. R. 18 Makie 5 ..a large creoiz mit }>e ]>reo vingres vrom abuue [?e vorheaued dun to \>e breoste. c 1305 Edmund Cofif 65-6 in E. E. P. (1862) 72 In mie foreheuede iwrite mi name Jm schalt iseo. Signe j?erwi}> J>i forheued. c 1380 Sir Ferumb . 3927 Hys hors, .bar a sterre on his for-hed. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon i. 48 He frompeled his forhede. 1513 Douglas VEneis xm. iii. 128 Thy plesand forret schaply and ene cleir. 1582 T. Watson Centurie of Love Ep. Ded. (Arb.) 26 Malicious high foreheads. 1612 Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 363 Applyed cold to the forr-head, or place grieved. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. 11. vi. §8 The placing of the motto .. upon the High Priests fore¬ head. 1726 Leoni Alberti's Archit. III. 34/2 From the Forhead to the Hinder-part of the head. 1842 Tennyson Locksley Hall 25 On her pallid cheek and forehead came a colour and a light. 1886 A. Winchell Walks Talks Geol. Field 256 The dinoceras. .had. .perhaps three pairs of horns, one on the snout, one on the cheeks, and one on the forehead. b. transf. and fig. 1602 Shaks. Ham. iii. iii. 63 Euen to the teeth and fore¬ head of our faults. 1607 — Cor. 11. i. 57 The forhead of the morning. ci6ii Chapman Iliad xvi. 692 Two fierce kings of beasts, oppos’d in strife about a bind Slain on the forehead of a hill. 1642 Milton Apol. Smect. (1851) 258 Tis manifest his purpose was only to rub the forehead of his title with this word modest. 1766 Fordyce Serm. Yng. Worn. (1767) I. iv. 149 Those writings carry on their very forehead the mark of the beast. 1795-1814 Wordsw. Excursion vii. 593 And oak. .on whose forehead inaccessibly The raven lodged in safety. 1839 Longf. Hyperion 1. vi. (1865) 30 High and hoar on the forehead of the Jettenbuhl stands the castle of Heidelberg. c. Phrase. + To take time (or occasion) by the forehead: now usually by the forelock (see Fore¬ lock 2). 1592 Greene Fare7u. Folly Wks. (Grosart) IX. 311 Take time now by the forehead, she is bald behind. i5g|9 Ben. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. iv. i, Let us then take our time by the forehead. 1633 Heywood Eng. Trav. m. Wks. 1874 IV. 47 Take Occasion by the forehead. + 2 . Used (like L. frons) for the countenance as capable of expressing shame, etc. In two opposite 55 FOREHEADED. 434 FOREIGN applications: a. Capacity of blushing; sense of shame or decency; modesty, b. Command of countenance, unblushing front; assurance, impu¬ dence, audacity. Obs. 1560 Becon New Catech. iv. Wks. 1564 I. 384 b, With what forhead.. dare we say in the Lord’s prayer ‘ Forgeue vs our trespasses’. 1631 J. Burges Answ. Rejoined 236 No man can deny it, who hath any forehead left. 1675 Mistaken Husband 11. i. in Dry dens JVks. (1884) VIII. 599 With what forehead Darest thou call me so? 1775 T. Sheridan Art Reading 371 No body but a modern freethinker could have the forehead or folly to turn it into ridicule. 3. The front part, forefront. + a. gen. (Obs. exc. with conscious metaphor: see 1 b.) 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. clvii. [cliii.] 429 She rode on the one syde by the quenes lytter, and it was assysted with the duke of Thourayne, and the duke of Burbone, at the fore heed on bothe sydes. b. Mining, etc. The end, for the time being, of a level. 1747 Hooson Miner's Diet. Ij b, Forebrest, Forfield, or Forehead. 1862 Smiles Engineers III. 130 When I arrived at the forehead of the dip. 1885 Trans. Cumbld. West mid. Antiq. Soc. VIII. 9 From the forehead of the level it was conveyed to the day by means of a wooden railroad. c. Naut. (See quot.) a 1642 Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts in. (1704) 332/2 In the Forehead or Mizon-yard. d. dial. (See quots.) 1798 Ann. Agric. Som. XXX. 354 Foreheads or head¬ lands. 1810 Devon <$• Cornw. Foe. in Monthly Mag. June 436 Forehead about six feet space wide of earth round the hedges of a field, which is ploughed up, mixed with lime and carted or wheeled upon the field for manure. + 4. One holding the place of honour ; a leader. [Not derived from sense 1 ; strictly a new formation.] c 1640 J. Smyth Lives Berkeleys (1883) II. 380 To have rated the forehead of his hounds, then in chase after a wrong bucke. 1641 Sir E. Dering Sp. on Relig. 20 Nov. xiv. (1642) 45 Pretending to be a fore-head of Divinity. 5. attrib. and Cotnb ., as forehead-band , -bone, -wrinkle ; forehead-bald a ., bald as to the fore¬ head; forehead-cloth, a cloth or bandage formerly worn on the forehead by ladies; f forehead-piece (see quot.). 1530 Tindale Lev. xiii. 41 Then he is *foreheadbalde. 1809 A. Henry Trav. 24 A fillet, or *forehead-band. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. in. xiii. 137 It was rather the *forehead bone petrified, then a stone within the crany. 1793 Holcroft tr. Lavaters Physiog. vii. 44 The forehead bones remain unaltered. 1561 Gifts to Queen in Nichols Progr. Q. Eliz. (1823) I. 116 Three *forehed-clothes of cameryk netted with gold. 1677 Lond. Gaz . No. 1245/4 Four laced Forehead Cloaths. 1767 Connoisseur^ d. 5) III. No. 80. 71 A store of clouts, caps, forehead-cloths. 1673 Wycherley Gentl. Dancing-Master iv. i, Every night since he came, I have worn the *forehead-piece of bees’ wax and hogs’ grease. 1572 Huloet (ed. Higins), *Forehead wrinkles, .rugae frontis. Fo’reheaded, ppl. a. [f. prec. + -ed 2 .] Hav¬ ing (a) forehead. 1. With adj. or adv. prefixed, as high, low , well foreheaded, t Tender foreheaded : modest, meek. 1591 [see Forehanded i]. 1659 Gauden Tears of Church 47 The Gnosticks .. were tender-foreheaded .. ..people compared to those high-crested and Seraphick Sophisters. 1670 Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1711)64 These People are..low Fore-headed. 1892 Pall Mall G. 30 Jan. 3/1 High-foreheaded, colourless Madonnas. J* 2. Hardened with effrontery, brazen. Obs. 16.. Pain Let. to Feild in Heylin Hist. Presbyt. (1670) 278 This For-headed Age. Fo'reheadless, a. [f. as prec. + -less.] Hav¬ ing no Forehead (sense 2 ) : ■(■a. having no sense of shame (obs.) ; b. destitute of confidence. a 1603 T. Cartwright Confnt. Rhem. N. T. (1618) 713 They are thus foreheadlesse in forging Scriptures. 1621 S. W ard Serin. Jethro sJ.P. 25 What doe our audacious and fore-headlesse Swaggerers require? 1844 Browning Colombe’s Birthday v. Poems 1849 I- 369 Met...How Behaved our spokesman with the forehead? Berth. Oh, Turned out no better than the foreheadless. Forehear, v. [f. Fore- pref + Hear ».] trans. and intr. To hear beforehand. 1 599 Soliman A Perseda G ij. Hailing forehard of Basiliscoe’s worth. 1623 Webster D’chess Unify in. iv. How that the Pope, forehearing of her looseness Hath seiz’d .. the dukedom which she held as dowager. 1800-24 Campbell Death.boat of Heligoland 4 Brains .. that mad* dening forehear the last trumpet of doom. 1813 Byron Giaour 1076 note , His troublesome faculty of forehearing. t Fo rehearse. Obs. rare-' 1 , [f. Fore- pref. + Hearse, app. in the sense of F. herse portcullis.] ? That which guards the front. 1589 Greene Menaphon (Arh.) 87, I feele him wound the forehearse of my heart. Fore-hearth, -heater : see Fore- pref. 5. + Forehee’d, v. Obs. [f. Fore- pref. + Heed.] trans. To take care against beforehand; to provide against. With simple obj., or that introducing subord. sentence. 1526 Ord. Hen. VIII in Househ. Ord. (1790) 212 Fore- heeding alwayes that none of them depart the court before the expences of their offices be brought to the Masters of the household. 1631 R. Byfield Doctr. Sabb. 68 A., casualty that could not be foreseene or foreheeded. Forehele, var. of Forhele v., to conceal. + Forehe’nt, v. Obs. [f. Fore-/™/. + IIent.] trans. To seize beforehand; a. to cut off (in flight), overtake, b. To take in advance. 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. iv. 49 A fearefull Dove .. Having farre off espyde a Tassell gent. .Doubleth her hast for feare to bee for-hent. 1593 Golding Ovid's Met. xi. 267 [He] toake the pleasure which the sonne of Maia had forehent. Forehew, erron. form (in Diets.) for Forhew. Fore-hill, -hinting, -hip: see Fore- pref Forehold (f 5 o-nhe foreyns alle aboute, To J?e kyng felle on knes. 1429 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 143 Outrayeng foreyns that cam from Babilon. 1509 Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) 197 Of these false forrains renneth so great a bande Vnto our shippes, that [etc.]. 1612 Brerewood Lang. <5* Relig. iii. Ambassages.. or whatsoever other business of the pro¬ vincials, or forraigns. 1643 Decl. Lords < 5 * Com., Reb. Ire - land 50 They took yesterday a Forrain laden with deales. t b. One not a citizen, or more particularly not a member of the guild, a stranger, an outsider. c 1350 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 361 a foreyne empledy pe tepynge. 1487 in Ann. Barber-Surg. Land. (1890) 581 Ye shall not admytt eny foren to be of this misterie. 1540 Hyrde tr. Vives * Instr. Chr. Worn. (1592) N vj, For citicens favour more one another, than they do forrains. + 2. Short for chainbreforeine (see A. 1 ). Obs. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 7436 Ful foule ys pat forreyne pat ys comoun for al certeyne. c 1385 Chaucer L. G. IV, 1062 Ariadne, The tour .. Was ioyning in the walle to a foreyne. 1505 in Gage Thingoe Hundred 140 To be wrought with calion and breke, with foreyns and other necessaries. 1570 Levins Manip. 201/8 A Foray ne,forica. 3. That part of a town which lies outside the borough or the parish proper. Now local. 1668 Plot Stafpordsh. viii. § 82. 314 All the Villages and Hamlets belonging thereunto [Walsall].. which they call the forraigne. 1782 Nash Worcestersh. II. 39 The in¬ habitants of the foreign of Kidderminster, so called to distinguish them from the inhabitants of the borough. 1856 Glew Walsall 3 The parish is in two townships, called the Borough and Foreign. 1875 Sussex Gloss, s. v. Foreigner, At Rye. .that part of the parish which lies out of the boundary of the corporation, is called the Foreign of Rye. b. pi. The outer court of a monastery ; also, the space immediately outside the monastic precincts. Obs., but surviving as proper name in various places where monasteries existed. 1668 Wilkes Plan Canterbury cited in Willis Monast. Canterb. (1869) I 5 2 forrins. 1799 Hasted Kent IV. 575 The space of ground without or foreign to it [the jurisdic¬ tion of the church] called the Foreigns , now vulgarly the Pollings. 1872 Gloss. Eccl. Terms (ed. Shipley), F'oreign Court. .Also called Foreigns. 4 . In foreign : abroad. C1618 Fletcher Q. Corinth hi. i, One that hath As people say in forraigne pleasur’d him. Hence Foreignly adv .; Fo’reiguness. 1611 Cotgr., Peregidnite .. forrainenesse. 1661 Boyle Style of Script. (1675) 249 The forreignness and obscurity of some texts. 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. 1. v. 32 His English had little foreignness except its fluency. 1880 J. Caird Philos. Relig. vi. 169 When a being or object reveals itself to feeling, it, so to speak, loses any vestige of foreignness or estrangement. 1880 G. Meredith Trag. Com. ix. 169 He rose out of his amazement.. foreignly be¬ holding himself. + Forei gn, v. Obs. — 0 [f. prec.] (See quot.) 1598 Florio, Esternare, to alienate, estrange, forraine. ForeigneeT, v. vulgar, [f. Foreign + -eer ( marking contempt). Cf. electioneer vb.] Only in Foreignee'ring vbl. sb. attrib., concerned with foreign matters; also ppl. a. foreign, like a foreigner. 1827 Sporting Mag. XIX. 194 Since I sent you a despatch on foreigneering business. 1841 Blackw. Mag. Apr. 501 There is no teaching these foreigneering fellows the proper usage of their parts of speech. 1890 Hall Caine Bondman I. iv. 65 The sailor was like, .a foreigneering sort of man in a skin cap and long stockings. Foreigner (f^renai). [f. Foreign a . + -er b] 1 . A person born in a foreign country ; one from abroad or of another nation ; an alien. In ordinary use chiefly applied to those who speak a foreign language as their native tongue ; thus in England the term is not commonly understood to include Americans. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) iv. xxxviii. (1859) 64 They were straunge foreyners, nought of his propre peple. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 302 Whome that foreyner & straunger Pylate wolde oftentymes. .haue delyuered. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iv. 138, I am here a foriner and stranger, as all my fathers were. 1637 Decree Star Chamb. § 12 in Miltons Areop. (Arb.) 15 That no. .forreigner. .be suffered to bring in..any booke or bookes printed beyond the seas. 1703 Lond. Gaz. No. 3916/3 Having reviewed all the Horse and Foot under his Command, as well English as Foreigners. 1835 Thirlwall Greece I. vii. 268 Besides the Dorians, there were foreigners of other nations. b. transf. Some thing produced or brought from abroad ; esp, a foreign vessel. 1677 P L0T Oxfordsh. 148 Beside what I have seen amongst forreigners [plants] in Gardens. 1716 Addison Freeholder No. 22 r 3 The lemons, the brandy, the sugar, and the nutmeg, were all foreigners. 1823 Scoresby Jrnl. Whale Fishery 68 Nine or ten ships were assembled, .none of them followed us, excepting a foreigner. Ibid. 410 The black rat and the common mouse are enumerated .. but both these are for¬ eigners imported by the shipping. 1891 Daily News 21 Nov. 5/3 The failure of the English walnut crop has enhanced the price of ‘ foreigners \ 2 . One of another county, parish, etc.; a stranger, outsider. In early use esp . one not a member of any particular guild, a non-freeman. Now dial. 14.. Customs of Malt on in Surtees Misc. (1890)59 Yffe any man .. als wele a foraner as Burges, be sommonyd to any cowrte. c 1460 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 317 Ye shall not.. counsell any forynar to dwell w c yn l>e franschys of this craft. 1565 in Picton L'pool Miotic. Rec. (1883) I. 75 No foreigner, as men of Bolton, Blackburne or any other places. 1676 Degge Parson's Counsellor 11. v. 166 There is no difference between the Case of a Parishioner and a Forrainer, where [etc.]. 1700 Grassmeus * Acc. (Surtees) 96 If any Forraner or Freeborn come. 1855 Mrs. Gaskell North <5- S. xvii, ‘ Yo’re just a foreigner, and nothing more \ said he, contemptuously. * Much yo know about it.' 1875 Sussex Gloss., Foreigner, a stranger, a person who comes from any other county but Sussex. f 3 . fig. A stranger, outsider; a little-known person; rarely, a person other than oneself (cf. Foreign a. 2). Obs. 1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1.(1594)75 He, that would not be a stranger to the universe, an alien to felicity, and a foreiner to himself. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxviii. § 1 Forreiners and strangers from the Church of God. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. iii. iii. 1. i. (1651) 591 Jealousie is .. a fear or doubt, lest any forrainer should participate or share with him in his love. 1641 Denham Sophy v. 52 Joy is such a forrainer, So meere a stranger to my thoughts, I know Not how to entertaine him. Foreignism (fjrreniz’m). [f. as prec. + -ism.] 1 . The imitation of what is foreign. 1879 Sir G. Scott Recollect, v. 202, In my essays.. I do not recollect any tendency to foreignism. 1892 Review of Rev. Aug. 165 Journalists in the German language encourage foreignism. An idiom, phrase, or term of foreign origin. 1877 Congregationalist ( U. S.) 15 Aug. (Cent.\ That he [Miles Coverdale] left in his Bible some few foreignisms .. is not surprising. 1887 L. Swinburne in Scribner s Mag. II. 508 It is astonishing, indeed, how many of these foreignisms have crept into the common speech. Foreignize (f^renaiz), v. [f. as prec. + -ize.] 1 . intr. To grow or become foreign; to take after, or display a resemblance to, foreign types. a 1661 Fuller Worthies, IVarwick (1662* 129 marg.. Our Countryman Pits did foranize with long living beyond the Seas, i860 Ecclesiologist XXI. 179 The style of course foreignizes. 2 . trans. To render foreign ; to refashion after foreign models ; to give a foreign air to. 1832 Irasers Mag. V. 372 Instructors, .have sought .. to foreignise our people. 1861 G. Meredith E. Harrington I. iii. 37 Her sisters said she was ‘ foreignised ’ over¬ much. ^ 1894 Nation (N.Y.) LVIII. 360/3 We needlessly foreignize our tongue by multiplying the single^ /, and v endings. t Fo re-ima-gine, v. Obs. [f. Fore- pref. + Imagine v.] trans. To imagine beforehand. 1602 [see the ppl. a.] 1603 Florio Montaigne 1. xxiii. (1632) 55, I am fully perswaded you fore-imagine what I will charge you with. 1624 Bp. Hall Heaven vpou Earth § 3 To .. fore-imagine the worst in all casuall matters. Hence Pore-imagined///, a. So Pore-imagina¬ tion, something imagined beforehand. 1602 Carew Eng. Tongue (1723) 11 A fore-imagined possi¬ bility. 1625 Donne Serin, lxvi. 667 All that is well done . .is. .done according to Preconceptions, Fore-imaginations. Fore-inclined, -instruct, etc.: see Fore-. Fore-inte’nd, v. [f. Fore- pref.'] trans. To intend beforehand. Hence Fo*re-intended///. a. 1580 Sidney Arcadia (1622) 249 Shee was put from the bias of her fore-intended lesson. 1622 Wither Mistr., Philar. Wks. (1633) 635 What the Fates doe fore-intend, They never change againe. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Sur¬ tees) 90 That hee give him notice what is to bee done or foreintended. 1866 G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. xv. (1878) 325 Whether she foreintended her following conduct. t Fo re-intent. Obs. [f. Fore- pref. + Intent.] A pre-arranged purpose. 1627-77 Feltham Resolves 1. lxxxiii. 127 One may fail me by accident, but the other will do it out of fore-intent. Forejudge (fo^id^^^), v. Also 7 forjudge, [f. Fohe- pref. -f Judge v.] 1 . trans. To judge or determine beforehand or without a fair trial; to prejudge. Also absol. 1561-80 [see the ppl. a. and vbl. $ 3 .]. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. iii. § 195 If his Majesty might take notice what Bills were passing in either House, and declare His Own opinion, it was to forejudge Their Counsels. 1656 in Burtons Diary (1828) I. 215 We ought not to forejudge the petition, i860 Ellicott Life Our Lord iv. 174 Pharisees whom Judaea and Jerusalem .. had sent forth to forejudge and to condemn. + 2 . To form a judgement or opinion of before¬ hand. Also intr. with of Obs. 1603 Sir C. Heydon Jud. Astrol. To Rdr. 7 They rashely foreiudge what I thinke. a 1716 South Serm. (1717) V. 300 Those false Rates and Grounds, by which Men generally fore-judge of the Issue or Event of Actions. 1734 W. Giffard Case Midwif. lvii. 129, I. .prepared to attempt the delivery, forejudging the inconveniencies I might meet with. 1792 G. Washington Lett. Writ. 1891 XII. 177 Some in¬ fallible rule by which we could fore-judge events. 3 . (See quot.) 1611 Cotgr., Prejuger, to..foreiudge; to rule, or direct the opinion of Judges by a former iudgement. Hence Forejudged ppl. a. ; Forejudging vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 1561 T. Norton Calvins Inst. iv. 54 The determination of the Councell may haue his force, and be as a foreiudged sentence, and yet not hinder the aforesaid examination. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. xlii. 8 This proud vaunting rose of., malicious forejudging. 1580 Sidney Arcadia v. (1598) 433 If you will suffer attentiue iudgement and not fore¬ judging passion, to bee the waigher of my wordes. 1633 Ford Broken H. iv. iii, Cleave not my heart .. With your fore-judging fears. Forejudge : see Forjudge. Forejudgement (foojidgo-dgment). Also 6 for-, [f. Fore pref. + Judgement : cf. prec.] 1 . Judgement determined or formed beforehand. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Mark Pref. 3 a, It is not my part to make any ones title either better or worse with my fore-iudgment. 1591 Spenser Muiopotmos 320 All the Gods. .Did surely deeme the victorie his due : But seldome seene, forejudgment proveth true. 1862 Seward in Sat. Rev. (1863) 404 The only foreign nation steadily contributing in every indirect way possible to verify its forejudgment. f 2 . A judgement previously pronounced ; a judi¬ cial precedent. Obs. 1599 Blundevile Art Logic iv. iii. 104 What call you Foreiudgementes or Ruled Cases? They bee iudgementes or sentences heretofore pronounced, whereby Iudges take example to giue like iudgement in like cases. Fore-keel,-king, -knee, -knight: see Fore-. Foreknow (foeinJu-), v. Also 6 forknow. [f. Fore- pref. + Know v.] a. trans. To know beforehand, have previous knowledge of. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 141 Before all tymes, I was forknowen and ordeyned of god to be made. 1680 Allen Peace <5* Unity 16 St. Paul .. fore-knew there would be Heresies among them. 1732 Berkeley Serm. loSoc. Prop. Gosp. Wks. III. 239 Are not the times and seasons fore¬ known only to God? 1817 Shelley To Ollier 11 Dec., You .. foreknew all that these people would say. 1855 Kingsley Westw. Hoi (1889) 5/1 He foreknew it would give her pain. absol. 1754 Edwards Freed. Will 11. xi. (ed. 4) 138 If God does not fore-know, he cannot foretell. b. intr. To have previous knowledge of. 1703 Rowe Ulyss. n. i. 858 Thetis. .Wept for her Son, fore¬ knowing of his Fate. Hence Foreknown ppl. a.; Foreknowing* vbl . sb. and ppl. a. (whence Foreknow in gly adv.). 55 - 2 FOREKNOWLEDGE. 436 FORELOOK. Also + Foreknowable a., that may be foreknown ; + Poreinower, one who foreknows. c 1374 Chaucer Troylusy, 79 This Calkas. .for to departen softely Took purpos ful this forknowinge wyse. 1423 Jas. I. Kingis Q. cxlix, Fortune is .. strangest evermore Quhare leste foreknawing .. Is in the man. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 4 Hauynge her endelesly as presente in the sj'ghte of hys Godly forknovvynge. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. xxv. 34 God the foreknower of al thinges. 1562 J. Heywood Prov. <$■ Epigr. (1867) 115 The fore knowne ill to man, would call Fore felt greefe, of fore knowne vnrest. 1647 J £ R- Taylor Lib. Proph. xiii. 198 He does very im¬ prudently serve his ends who seeingly and fore-knowingly loses his life in the prosecution of them, a 1660 Hammond Third let. Prescience § 75 Wks. 1674. 1 . 598 The foreknower is not cause of all that are foreknown. 1667 Milton P. L. xi. 773 Evil .. Which neither his foreknowing can prevent. 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 712 We cannot but grant such things therefore to be foreknowable. 1849 Grote Greece 11. lxviii. (1862) VI. 143 Foreknowing and consistent agents. i860 Pusey Min. Proph • 259 That regularity itself of God’s creation sets forth those other foreknown operations of God. Foreknowledge (foein^-led^). [f. Fore- pref. -f Knowledge.] Knowledge of an event, etc. be¬ fore it exists or happens; prescience. X 53 S Coverdale Judith ix. 6 Thy iudgmentes are done in thy euerlastinge fore knowlege. 1555 Eden Decades Contents (Arb.) 45 The foreknowleage that the poet Seneca had of the fyndynge of the newe worlde. 1667 Milton P. L. hi. 118 If I foreknew, Foreknowledge had no influence on their fault. 1729 Butler Serm. Wks. 1874 II. Pref. 19 It is not foreknowledge of the punishment which renders us obnoxious to it. 1847 Grote Greece 11. xi. III. 139 Money lent with the foreknowledge that the borrower will be unable to repay it. 1863 Dicey Federal St. II. 210 [An astrologer promises to] give to the public a fore-knowledge of all the general affairs through life. Hence Foreknowledged ppl. a., known before¬ hand as liable to, destined to. Obs .~ 1 1577 tr - Bullinger's Decades (1592) 643 Thou art.. fore¬ knowledged, as they saye, to damnation. Forel, forrel (ffrrel). Forms : 3-6 forel, (5 furel), 5-7 forell(e, 7 forrell, foroll, 9 for(r)el, forrill. [a. OF .forrel, fourrel ( fir.fourreau), dim. i.forre, fuerre case, sheath, etc. (see Fuu ji.).] 1 . t a. A sheath (obs.). j-b. A case or box ( obs .). a 1300 Cursor M. 15791 (Cott.) O J>e forel a suerd he drogh. ? a 1430 Wyclif’s Job xx. 25 Out of his shethe, or out of the furel. 1578 Lyte Dodoensv 1. lxi. 737 The fruit [of Date tree].. lapped in a certayne long and brode forrell or covering. c. A case or covering in which a book or manu¬ script is kept, or into which it is sewn. Now dial . 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xvi. 103 And take his felawe to wittnesse, What he fond in a forel of a freres lyuynge. C1440 Promp. Parv. 171/2 Forelle, to kepe yn a boke, forulus. 1519 Horman Vulg. 84 b, I hadde leuer haue my boke sowed in a forel: than bounde in bourdis. 1523 St. Papers Hen. VIII , VI. 134 His letters shalbe enclosed in a forel directed to the Treasorer. 1825 J. Jennings Observ. Dial. West Eng. 38 Forrel, the cover of a book. 1893 Wiltsh. Gloss., Forel, the. .cover of a book. 2 . A kind of parchment dressed to look like vel¬ lum, used for covering books (now only for account- books). x 549 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer Colophon, No manner of persone shall sell this present book, unbounde, above the price of two shillynges and two-pence ; and bounde in forell for iis. xd. 1824 J. Johnson Typogr. II. 529 The tympans are covered with vellum, forrels, or parchment. attrib. . 1883 Kerry's St. Lazur. Reading 203 Good paper —forel binding. 3 . A selvedge or border. 1691 Lond. Gaz. No. 2653/4 A Crimson Piece of Spanish Cloth 23 yards, long..with a yellow Foroll and a White List. 1697 Hid. No. 3316/4 Three pieces of Super-fine Black Cloath for Men's ware, marked with. .D. Chance in length in the Forell. 1774 Act 14 Geo. Ill, c. 25 Frauds are frequently committed .. by taking off. .the.. Forrel or other Marks, of. .Cloth. 1847 Halliwell, Forrel, the bor¬ der of a handkerchief. West. 1886 Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk., Forrel, the stripe which is woven across the ends of a piece of cloth to show that it is a whole piece. + Fo rel, fcrrel, i>. Obs. [f. prec. sb.] trans. To cover with a ‘ forel Hence Fo-relled ppl. a. *642 Fuller Holy Prof. St. 111. xxiv. 227 The second edition of the Temple .. as it.was new forrelled and filleted with gold by Herod. 1696 E. Budleigh Churchw. Acc. in Trans. Devonsh. Assoc. (,1892) XXIV. 264 P J for a great foreld booke 00. 05. o. Foreland (fcbuland). Forms: 4 forlonde, (farlande), 5-7 forland(e, (7 furland), 6 fore- londe, -lande, 5- foreland, [f. Fore- pref. + Land. Cf. Du. voorland ; also lcz\. forlendi land between hills and the sea.] 1 . A cape, headland or promontory. 13.. Genu. Gr. Knt, 699 Alle J>e iles of Anglesay on lyft half he haldez, & farez ouer J?e fordez by [?e for-londez. ?a 1400 Morte Arth. 880 Seese }onefarlande with }one two fyrez. a 1490 Botoner I tin. (Nasmith 1778) 153 Unum for- land vocat. le Holyhede. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 374 The schippis draif on forland and on craigis. 1551 Recorde Cast. Knowl. (1556) 83 The great forelonde of Affrike, com¬ monly.called the cape of Good hope. 1671 Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1711) 24 At the face of this Foreland lie six rocky Islands. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 117 A cape, which, .he [Frobisher in 1576] called Queen Elizabeth’s Foreland. 1876 L. Morris Epic Hades (1878) 35 To where the wave-worn foreland ends the bay. 2 . A strip of land in front of something, a. (See quots.) 1580-1 Act 23 Eliz. c. 13. § 2 Certeyne Shelves and Fore- landes..lyeng betwene the Walles and Boundes of the said Marshes .. and the River of Thames. 1795 J. Phillips Hist. Inland Navig. Add. 178 The forelands on the north side also are not to be less than thirty feet wide. 1807 Trans. Soc. Arts XXVI. 35 By the erection of a new bank or sea wall they get a foreland to their former estate. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Foreland, .a space left between the base of a canal bank, and an adjacent drainage cut or river, so as to favour the stability of the bank. b. FOrtif. (See quot. 1853.) 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn., Foreland .. the same with Berme. 1717 tr. Frezier's Voy. S. Sea 93 A Berm, or Fore¬ land, being a small space of Ground between the Wall and the Moat. 1853 Stocqueler Milit. Diet., Foreland.. a confined space of ground between the rampart of a town or fortified place and the moat. .Now usually called a berm. 3 . Land or territory lying in front. 1851 Kitto Bible Illustr., Life $ Death Our Lord 29, I looked towards the west, and beheld the forelands of Car¬ mel. 1870 Daily Tel. 22 Sept., Alsace and Lorraine, .will form a German foreland. f 4 . Sc. ‘ A house facing the street, as distin¬ guished from one in a close or alley’ (jam.). Obs. 1489 Acta Audit. 149/2 A foreland of ane tennenment liand in )>e said Cannoungate. 5 . attrib., in + Foreland-men (see quot.). 1666 Lond. Gaz. No. 19/4 The Foreland Men, viz. The Colliers of Sandwich, and the several Ports of Thanet, stay in expectation of Convoy. Forelay (fo^-ilF' - ), v. [f. Fore- pref. + Lay ».] 1 . trans. To lie in wait for, waylay. Obs. exc. dial. 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. IV, Introd. 9 He was forelayed and taken. 1603 Holland Plutarch's Mor. 667 For feare (quoth he) that I be forlaied by the way, and rifled by him. 1700 Dryden Palamon <$• A. 1. 493 An ambush’d thief fore- lays a traveller. 1887 Kentish Gloss., Fore-lay , to waylay, t b. To lie in ambush about or near (a place). 1563 Golding Caesar (1565) 80 b, Hys enemys might, .for- lay the wayes. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vi. lii. (1632) 180 His opposites had forelaid the country, and hemmed him about. 1683 Brit . Spec. 106 They had forelaid the Passages by land. c. fig. To lay obstacles in the way of; to plot or take action against; to embarrass, frustrate, hinder, interfere with. Now rare. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. v. 11 The Lord .. forlayeth their craftynesse. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. iv. 58 Then Ebwith, and with her slides Srowy; which forelay Her pro- gresse. 1612-15 Bp. Hall Contempt., O. T. xx. ix, How cunningly doth he forelay their confidence. 1697 Dryden Virgil xi. 781 With chosen Foot his Passage to forelay, And place an Ambush in the winding way. 1832 John Bree Saint Herbert's Isle 11. v, She would her own sweet peace forelay. 2 . To lay down or plan beforehand; to pre¬ arrange; with both material and immaterial objs. Obs. exc. dial. 1605 Daniel Philotas Wks. (1717) 350 Envy will most cunningly forelay The Ambush of their Ruin, a 1619 F. Davison Poet. Rhapsody (1826) II. 361 Privy snares my foes fore-lay. 1643 [Angier] Lane. Vail. Achor 1 The wise God .. forelaid a double-foundation, of sin in the enemy, and humiliation in his people, a 1716 South Serm . (1744) XI. 252 An excellent artificer, who in all his works of art, has forelaid in his mind a perfect model of his intended fabric. 1815 Mr. John Decastro I. 52 Thus the ground was forelaid for great rejoicing. 1876 in Whitby Gloss. Hence Fo relaid ppl. a .; Forelaying vbl. sb. 1600 Holland Livy v. xxviii. (1609) 199 There was no feare of ambushments and forelayings. 1640 Ld. J. Digby Sp. in Ho. Com. 9 Nov. 8, I levell at no man with a forelayd designe. 1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. 1. § 16 The con¬ stituted and fore-laid principles of his Art. 1815 Mr. John Decastro I. 259 Thus far by way of .. forelaying of the ground. + Foreleader. Obs. Also 4, 6 for-, [f. Fore- pref. + Leader.] One who leads the advance; a chief or principal leader. a 1300 Cursor M. 14410 (Cott.) Moyses was J>air for-leder. 1535 Joye Apol. Tindale 18 Christe is the firste frutis and fore leader of them that sleap. 1576 Gascoigne Diet for Drunkards (1789) 17 Would God that we learned not, by the foreleaders before named, to charge and coniure each other vnto the pledge. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vii. v. § 1 Hengist for valour, policie, and strength, was the fore¬ leader. 1648 Herrick Hesper. (1869) 326 Know, for truth, I meant You a fore-leader in this testament. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Fooreleader, chief captain. Foreleg (fo^uleg; but the stress is variable), [f. Fore- pref. + Leg sb.] One of the front legs of a quadruped ; also, rarely one of the anterior limbs of a biped. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. (1692) 1079 A grete wulfe syttyng and embracyng the heed betwene his forleggys. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas, xxxvii. iii, His forelegges latyn, and of fethers full. 1616 Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 133 When a Horses neere fore-legge, and his neere hinder-legge ..are so fastened together. 1658 Osborn Adv. Son (1673) 83 A Carver at Court.. being laughed at by him [King James] for saying the wing of a Rabbit, maintained it as congruous as the fore-leg of a Capon, a Phrase used in Scotland. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones xi. ii, The beast now unluckily making a false step, fell upon his fore legs. 1862 Huxley Lect. Wrkg. Men 23 The foreleg of the Horse. 1875 W. S. Hay¬ ward Love agst. World 13 Though he got his fore legs well on the bank he was short with his hind ones. Fore-lend, -lie: see Fore-/;-.?/'. 2 a, i. Fore-lift, -lighter, -line, etc.: see Fore- pref. Forelive (fooili- v). v. [f. Fore- pref. + Live vi] trans. To live before another. x 599 Daniel Mnsophilus lxii, All those great worthies of antiquity Which longforelived thee, and shall long survive. c 1645 Howell Lett. (1812) II. 530 They who fore-liv’d and preceded us may be called our Ancestors. 1805 Southey Madoc 11. iii, Then do I forelive the race of men, So that the things that will be, are to me Past, b. intr. (or absol.) 1839 Bailey Festus xix. (1848) 208 Some believed .. that the soul, .had forelived in Heaven. Pore lie [a. Ger .forelle.] A kind of trout. 1881 Blackmore Christoivell, I. xvii. 268, I dare say, he doesn’t know a trout from a Forelle. [1891 G. Meredith One of our Conq. II. iv. 88 Fresh forellen for lunch.] Forelock (fdoul^k), sb .* Also 5-7 forlock. [f. Fore- pref. + Lock j^. 1 ] + 1 . a. ?Some piece of horse-harness, b. (See quot. 1889.) Obs. 1467 Mann. <$* Househ. Exp. (1841) 408 My mastyr paid for mendynge of a forlokke, j.d. 1889 Cent. Diet., Fore¬ lock, in medieval armor, a clasp or catch serving to hold the helm, or in some cases the beaver or the mentonniere, to the gorgerin or breast-plate in front. 2 . A wedge (usually of iron) thrust through a hole in the end of a bolt in order to keep it in its place. Now chiefly Naut. 1514 Wig toft Churchw. Acc. (1797) 209 For y° forlock to y e grete bell, 4 d. 1534 Yatton Churchw. Acc. (Som. Rec. Soc.) 149 For forks, forlocks, pynnes to y e bales [bells]. x 6i3~39 I. Jones in Leoni tr. Palladio's Archit. (1742) I. 103 The Bolts and Forelocks of Fir, that fasten the Timber. 1762 Falconer Shipwr. 11. 273 The forelocks drawn, the frappings they unlace. 1869 Sir E. J. Reed .Shipbuild. xvii. 340 The various parts of the work are .. temporarily secured .. by means of'pins and cotters, or forelocks. 3 . Comb. : forelock-bolt, -hook (see quots.). 1627 Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. ii. 5 Fore locke bolts hath an eye at the end, whereinto a fore locke of iron is driuen to keepe it from starting backe. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789), Cheville a goupilles , a forelock-bolt, or bolt fitted to receive a forelock. 1794 Rigging $ Sea- mansh. 54 Fore-lock-hooks are made of iron, with a long neck and handle. 1874 Knight Diet. Meek. I. 905 Forelock Hook (Rope-making), a winch or whirl in the tackle-block by which a bunch of three yarns is twisted into a strand. Forelock (foeul^k), sb .' 1 [f. Fore- pref. + Lock sb. 2 ] 1 . A lock of hair growing from the fore part of the head, just above the forehead. c 1000 New Aldhelm Gloss, in Anglia (1891) XIII. 37 Foreloccas, antie frontis. 1650 Bulwer Anthropomet. 87 A square forehead, upon which those forelocks of the Hair abide moderately elevated. 1667 Milton P. L. iv. 302 Hyacinthin Locks Round from his parted forelock manly hung Clustring. 1832 Ht. Martineau Each <$• All v. 62 There was plenty of bobbing from the girls and pulling of forelocks from the boys. 1878 Besant & Rice Celia's Arb. xxii, All had a word to say to the Captain, touching their forelocks by way of preface. transf. 1619 Bainbridge Descr . Late Comet (1629) 9 This Comets forelock was a better Ephemeris for the Sunnes place then many in great request. b. Of a horse, etc.: A detached lock above the forehead. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 59 p 4 The Forelock of the Horse. 1781 Cowper Charity 176 Loose fly his forelock and his ample mane. 1791 — Iliad xix. 306 The bristly forelock of the boar. 1870 Bryant Iliad I. in. 94 Clipped away the forelocks of the lambs. 2. fig. ; esp. in phrase to take time, opportunity, etc. by the forelock. (Suggested by the representation described in Phaedrus Fab. v. viii, ‘ Calvus, comosa fronte, nudo occipitio, .. Occasioneni rerum significat brevem.’) x 589 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 65 Thinking to .. take opportunitie by her forelockes. 1594 Spenser Amoretti lxx, The ioyous time wil not be staid, Unlesse she doe him by the forelock take. 1639 Massinger Unnat. Combat v. i, I’ll take occasion by the forelock. 1775 Adair Amer. Ind. 301, I took time by the fore-lock. 1871 B. Taylor Faust (1875) I. 231, I became a philosopher, to catch. .Wisdom by the forelock. 1874 Motley Bartieveld I. vii. 213 The occasion..was bald behind, and must be grasped by the forelock. Forelock (fofjlpk), v. [f. Forelock trans. To fasten with a forelock; also with in. 1769 Falconer Did. Marine (1789) Yiijb, Bolts, which .. are fore-locked or clinched upon rings. 1839 R. S. Robinson Naut. Steam Eng. 89 The paddle arms .. keyed or forelocked there. 1882 Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 86 A bolt is put through the mast, .and forelocked in. Hence Fcrrelocked ppl. a., Fo relocking vbl. sb. 1839 R. S. Robinson Naut. Steam Eng. 85 A crank pin.. secured by a forelocking pin. 1874 Thearle Naval Arch. § 231. 244 The channel rail is secured to the channel by iron straps, fastened by forelocked bolts. Fore-log : see Fore- pref 3. Forelong, obs. form of Furlong. Fore-loofe, obs. Sc. form of Furlough. Forelook (fo^uluk), sb. [f. Fore- pref -f Look sb. ; cf. next.] a. A look forward (obs. exc. Cl.S.) + b. The habit or power of looking forward; Foresight, providence. 1357 Lay Folks Catech. 143 The saule..went untill hell and toke oute thas. .Whilke he in his forloke wold that wer saued. c 1420 Sir Amadas (Weber) ^73 Ther Y had an hondorthe marke of rent; Y spentte hit all in lyghtte atent, Of suche forlok was Y. 1583 Golding Calvin on Dcut. cxc. 1181 It is to be concluded then, that Moses had a further forelook. 1882 E. P. Goodwin Serm. bef. Amer. Bd. Comm. For. Missions 7 The gospel was to be preached ; .with equal, .forelook of triumph to all who would receive it. 1883 Hale Chrislm. in Palace viii. 192 She had a week’s provant in the house; and that was a very long forelook for her. Forelook (fooilu’k), v. Also for-, [f. Fore- pref. + Look v . (In sense 3 perh. f. For- pnf. 1 )] FORELOOPER. 437 FOREMOST 1 . trans. To look at or see ahead or beforehand, foresee; to watch over. Also rcjl. a 1300 Cursor M. 8211 (Cott.) Godd .. pat all for-lokes in his sight, c 1300 Ibid , 28056 (Cott. Galba) Ilk man suld him forloke..pat his conciens be clene. 1340 IIampole Pr. Consc. 1946 Na man. .can pe tyme of pe dede forluke. 2 . intr. To look ahead or forward. 1494 Fabyan Chron . vu. 551 He shall dylygentlye fore- loke and see that Goddys wylle be done. 1603 B. Jonson King’s Entertaiiun. 19 Wks. (Rtldg.) 529/2 Then did I forelook, And saw this day mark’d white in Clotho’s book. 1847 Emerson Poems (1857) The World-soul knows his own affair. Forelooking, when he would prepare For the next ages. + 3 . To bewitch by a look. Cf. overlook, Obs. 1596 Thomas Ital. Diet . (1606), Fascino , to bewitch .. to forelooke. 1611 Cotgr., Ensorceler.. To charme .. fore- looke, eye-bite. Hence Foreloo king’ ppl. a. Also Forelooker, one who forelooks. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus. iii. 34 God is the forlookere [Vulg. prospector ] of hym that ^eldeth grace. Ibid. xi. 32 As the forlookere seende the falling of his ne3hebore. 1870 Emer¬ son Soc. $ Solit. vi. 118 A forelooking tenderness. Forelooper, foreloper (foe Erl. 1580 Baret Alv., A foreman, a guide, auspex. 1592 G. Harvey Pierce's Super. 8 They cannot.. bellow lustely like the foreman of the Heard. 1612 T. Taylor Comm. Titus i. 8 In the practice of this duty, the Apostle requireth that the Minister be the fore¬ man. 1674 tr. Scheffeds Lapland 117 The men are led up by a Laplander, whom they call Automwatze, or foreman, then follows the Bridegroom. + b. pi. The front rank. Obs. 1577 Hanmer Ahc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 387 When .. they had foiled the foremen, they turned themselves hack. 1598 Grenewey Tacitus’ Ann. 1. ii. (1622) 21 The enemy., lightly skirmishing with the flanks and the foremen; set amaine on the hindmost. t c. The man in front (of another). Obs. 1598 Barret Thcor. Warrcs iii. i. 36 Keeping the lower end of his pike on the one side of his foremans legge. 1607 Dekker & Webster Sir T. Wyat D.’s Wks. 1873 III. 113 Euerie face Is lifted vp aboue his foremans head. 2 . The principal juror, who presides at the deli¬ berations of the jury, and communicates their verdict to the court. 1538 Fitzherb. Just. Peas 89 The counterpane of the offyce..to remayne with the forman of the enquest. 1607 Dekker Northw. Hoe 11. i. Wks. 1873 III. 20, I will looke grauely. .like the fore-man of a Jury. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 122 p 3 He .. has been several times Foreman of the Petty-Jury. 1818 Scott Hrt. Midi, xxiv, The foreman, called in Scotland the chancellor of the jury. 1840 Hood Kilmansegg, Her Death xvi, At the Golden Lion the Inquest met, Its foreman a carver and gilder. trans/. 1697 C. Leslie Snake in Grass (ed. 2) 221 It is Subscrib’d by a Bakers Dozen of them; and George Fox the Fore-Man, in the Name of themselves. 3 . One who takes the most prominent part; the chief or leader (of a party); the president (of a de¬ liberative body). Obs. exc. locally in municipal use. 1603 Florio Montaigne 11. xii. 294 Socrates, the foreman of his Dialogues doth ever aske and propose his dispu¬ tation. 1643 P ry nne Sov. Power Pari. 1. (ed. 2) 17 The Kings principall wicked Counsellers ; of whom Winchester being the foreman, appealed. 1702 S. Parker tr. Cicero's De Finibus 280 The Old Peripatetics too, and among them Aristotle, their Foreman. 1790 Porson Lett. Travis 379 The foreman of the Apostles, Peter. 1805 Southey Lett. (1856) I. 307 At length all the inhabitants of the grave arose, St. John at their head for foreman. 1835 Rep. Commiss. Municip. Corp. XXVI. 2287 The Foreman of the commons [of Huntingdon] is appointed by a committee of burgesses. 4 . The principal workman ; spec., one who has charge of a department of work. Foreman of the yard : one who superintends the gangers. Work¬ ing foreman : one who divides his time between labour and supervision. 1574 Life A bp. Canterb. Pref. to Rdr. E v, It was but rough hewen by one of the prentises, and wanted sum polishing by the forman. 1631 T. Powell Tom All Trades 174 Thomas the fore-man of the shop. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 46 The foreman, whose office is to mowe and place the sheaues aright. 1691 Dryden K. Arthur Epil. Wks. 1884 VIII. 200 This precious fop Is foreman of a haberdasher’s shop. 1703 Moxon Mecn. Exerc. 257 The Master-Bricklayer, or his Foreman, must take care to see all the Foundations set truly out. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 164 One of the masons .. offered him¬ self as foreman over the stone-cutters. 1863 P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 79 Mr. Brown is the foreman of all the framework. 1878 Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 38 Foremen plan out the work, and allot it to the artisans. 1893 Labour Commission Gloss., Foremen 0/ the Vards, a class of officers next above the ‘ leading men \. and to whom the leading men are directly responsible, b. ? An overseer or bailiff. 1774 J- Q- Adams Earn. Lett. (1876) 7, I sometimes think I must come to this—to be the foreman upon my own farm. 1856 Kane A ret. Expl. II. xxix. 294 Petersen had been foreman of the settlement. 1894-5 Kelly s Oxford Direct . 342 J. Belcher, foreman to John Birt esq. Wood End farm. f 5 . ? slang. ? A goose. Obs . 1622 Beaum. & Fl. Philaster v. iii, lie soile you euer[y] long vacation a brace of foremen, that at Michaelmas shall come vp fat and kicking. [Differently in 1st ed.] U 6. V Used as ad. Du. voerman , carrier. 1641 Evelyn Diary (1871) 25, I tooke wagon to Rotter¬ dam, where we were hurried in lesse than an hour..so furiously do these Foremen drive. 1699 R* L’Estrangf. Colloq. Erasm. (ed. 3) 260 We wait for the Antwerp Wag¬ gon .. You must rise betimes to find a P'ore-man [L. auri- gam] Sober. Hence Fo'reman v. trans. rare , to direct or oversee as a foreman. Foremanship, the office, post, or position of a foreman. 1859 Smiles Self-Help 17 The foremanship of a large workshop. 1886 T. Wright in 19//* Cent. XX. 534 The all-round workman requires as a rule very little foremaning. Foremarch, -mark, -martyr: see Fore- pref. Foremast (fd^umast). [f. Fore- pref (and Fore prepl) + Mast.] 1 . The forward lower-mast in all vessels. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's E. Did. ix. 25 b, The tacklings of their formast. 1591 Percivall Sp. Diet., Ostay , a cord that goeth from the boltsprit to the saile of the foremast. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. xvi. 452 The fury of the Wind..snapt off the Boltsprit and Fore-mast both at once. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. i, The Mate and Boat¬ swain begg’d the Master of our Ship to let them cut away the Fore-mast. 1848 W. Irving Columbus 1 .240 The latter .. from the weakness of her foremast, could not hold the wind. 2 . ? The station of being ‘ before the mast ’; only attrib., as foremast man, seaman, a sailor below the rank of a petty officer; hence quasi-ao)'., charac¬ teristic of a foremast man. 1626 Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 6 The Younkers are the yong men called Foremast men. 1707 Lond. Gaz. No. 4366/3 Eighty of the Foremast-Men belonging to the Jersey were .. order’d to be discharg’d. 1793 Smeaton Edy stone L. § 163 In the light of a foremast seaman, he appeared to be quite a Genius. 1823 Byron Island 11. xx, His foremast air, and somewhat rolling gait .. spoke his former state. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 303 He was inferior in seamanship to every foremast man on board. Fore-mean: see Fore- pref. 2 a. Foreme ntion v. [f. Fore- pref. + Men¬ tion.] To mention beforehand. 1660 N. Ingelo Bent. $ Urania (1682) II. 12 They found themselves sick of the Diseases which he had forementioned. Ibid. II. 143 For the Reason which I foremention’d. Hence FoTeme*ntioned ppl. a. previously men¬ tioned. Also ellipt. 1587 Golding De Mornay ix. 133 The forementioned Chaos. 1631 Gouge God's Arrows 1. xiv. 19 Yet hath God his wayes and means to deliver the righteous in the fore¬ mentioned cases. 1697 Locke in Fox Bourne Life II. xiii. 383 In the forementioned new law to be enacted. 1750 tr. Leonardus ’ Mirr. Stones 145 There are other species., which with the fore-mentioned, make up the number twelve. Fore-messenger, -misgiving: see Fore-. + Foremrnd, v. Obs. [f. Fore- + Mind vJ\ trans. To contemplate or intend beforehand. 1513 More Rich. Ill , Wks. 38/1 Were it that the duke .. hadde of olde foreminded this conclusion. 1583 Stanyhurst AEneis iv. (Arb.) 103 Neauer I foreminded. .For toe slip in secret by flight. + Foremore, a. rare. [Perversion of Former ( cf. Foremost).] 1801 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. XII. 219 Some of the foremore poems celebrate the return from captivity. 1815 Ibid. XXXVIII. 43 Of Simon’s works, only the two fore¬ more can now merit an importation into English literature. Foremost (f5o\im0ust, -mast), a. and adv. ( superl .) Forms : 1 formest, fyrmest, (firmest), 2-7 formest, 3 south. vormest, (4 furmest, 5 for-, foremest(e, 6 formes), 3-4 firmest, 3-7 formast, (4 formaste), 6-7 formost(e, 6- fore¬ most. See also Forthmost. [ ORL. formest, fyr¬ mest \ — OYrvs>.formest, Goth .frumist-s,i. OTeut. *formo - (Forme a.) with additional superlative suffix (see -est). Afterwards written so as to suggest a derivation from Fore a. + Most advl\ A. adj. 11 . In regard to time : Prior to all others in oc¬ currence, existence, etc.; = First A. 1. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 1525 (Cott.) Noema was pe formest webster pat man Andes o pat mister. Ibid. 1051 pe formast barn pat sco him bare was cairn. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 195 To repayre thoffence of our formest fader adam. 1587 Golding De Mornay v. 56 If they could haue had any beginning, the Sonne had bin formost in that case. + b. absol. or ellipt . Also in advb. phrase at the foremost. Obs. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 219 pe laste man isib pe formeste, was biforn us. 1389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 4 Atte firmast to-fore pe day of pe a compte of pe maistres. a 1400 Hymn Virg. 8 in Min. Poems Vem. MS. (E. E. T. S.) 134 Heil logge that vr lord in lay, The formast that never was founden in fable. t c. After the name of a day of the week : Next following; = First 1 h. Obs. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 308 pe Wednesday formest pe Kyng had fulle grete hy. + 2 . First in serial order; = First A. 2. Obs . c 1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 274 Feower heafod windas synd, se fyrmesta is easterne wind, c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 17 pe formeste word of pe salme. a 1225 Ancr. R. 18 Sigge Se vormeste viue, ‘ Adoramus te, Christe,’ fif siSen kneolinde. a 1300 Cursor M. 26877 (Cott.) pe quilk I talde pe of resun in pe neist formast questiun. 13. . E. E. A Hit. P. B. 494 Monyth pe fyrst pat fallez formast in pe 3er. c 1475 Rauf Coil^ear 288 Is not the morne 3uleday, formest of the 3eir? 1542 Recorde Gr. Artes 135 b, The bowynge of the foremost fynger, and settynge the ende of the thombe between the 2 foremost or hyghest ioyntes of it. + b. absol. or ellipt. Also in advb. phrases, a formest , an alre formest. Obs. a 1225 Ancr. R. 116 As we seiden per uppe a vormest. Ibid. 180 UnderstondeS peonne an alre uormest. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. iii. x. (1495) 55 The formest hyghte Ymaginatiua, the mydle Logica, thethyrde memora- tiua. 1588 A. King tr. Can is ins' Catech. 126 Gif he fallis, the latter pairt is warst nor y ,J formest. 1709 Addison Tatler No. 24 p 13 The Foremost of the whole Rank of Toasts..are Mrs. Gatty and Mrs. Frontlet. 3 . Most forward or advanced in position ; front: = First A. 3. + Also in agreement with sb. to indicate the front part or front of. (Cf. L. summits mons, etc.) c 1205 Lay. 23801 A pen feoremeste flocke feouwerti hundred, c 1350 Will. Paleme 2324 pe prouost wip al pe puplepresed forp formast. a 1400 Odouian 1106 An ax .. That heng on hys formest arsoun. c 1450 Merlin 46 He wolde come. .formeste of his company. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iv. xiii. 126 b, The whole skinne of a great Lion, fastened with the two formost feet before upon the brest. 1658 A. Fox Wurtz' Surg. 11. xxv. 152 The fore¬ most part of the Arms bones are broken. 1667 Milton P. L. ii. 28 Who here Will envy whom the highest.place exposes Formost to stand against the Thunderers, aime Your bul¬ wark? 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. x iii, The giant .. was fore¬ most now ; but the Dwarf was not far behind. 1781 Gibbon Decl. $ F. II. xxvi. 41 The king himself fought and fell in the foremost ranks of the battle. 1875 W. S. Hayward Loveagst. World 14 The foremost hounds are close on him. b. absol. or ellipt. Also in advb. phrase, + a formest. c 1205 Lay. 2461 t Bedeuer a uormest eode mid guldene bolle. <11310 in Wright Lyric P. xii. 41 So the furmest hevede y-don, ase the erst undertoc. c 1400 Song Roland 807 We haue the formest feld to the ground, c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon vi. 137 Reynawde wente out of Bordews, the formest of all his folke. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 67 Good will settyng me forthe with the foremost: I can not chuse hut write. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) III. 17s Those [dogs] which are young, fierce, and unaccustomed to the chace, are generally the foremost. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xxx iv, The Smith of the Wynd. .had been the foremost in the crowd that thronged to see the gallant champions of Clan Quhele. 1872 Black Adv. Phaeton xxiii, She was determined to march with the foremost. c. in proverb denoting continuous action. 1606 Sir G. Goosecappe in. i. in Bullen O. PI. III. 44 Never stir if he fought not with great Seckerson four hours to one, foremost take up hindmost. d. In adverbial phrases head, end, stern, etc. foremost, i.e. with the head, etc. first or in front. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. iii. 49 It flys down head foremost. 1842 C. Whitehead R. Savage (1845) 111. ix. 420 Wigs . .wrong-side foremost. 1856 Terrier Inst, Metaph. Introd. 46 This is a science which naturally comes to us end fore¬ most. 1863 Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. i, The boat drove stern foremost before it [the tide]. 4 . Most notable or prominent, best, chief. Also more emphatically first andforemost-. = First A. 4. c IOOO Ags. Gosp. Matt. xx. 27 Se]>e wyle betweox eoiv beon fyrmest sy he eower h e °w. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tonr E j, And suche one is that weneth to be first and formest that often fyndeth her the last of all. 1546 Bp. Gardiner Declar. Art. Joye 72 b, Christ in his speach trulye affirmed his choise, which was chief, principall, and formest. 1644 Milton Areop. (Arb.) 40 Men ever famous, and formost in the achievements of liberty. 1791 Cowfer Iliad 1. 83 Calchas, an augur foremost in his art. 1851 Dixon W. Penn xvi. (1872) 137 Foremost of these sufferers were the Quakers. . absol. or ellipt. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xix. 20 SoOlice maneja fyrmeste beo 5 ytemeste; & ytemeste fyrmesta. c 1400 Destr. Troy 278 Hit was he formast on flete M flodepast. <11610 Healey Cedes (1636) 136 The fore-most of them, Right knowledge, the rest are her sisters. B. adv. First, before any other or anything else, in position or rank ; + formerly also, in time, serial order, etc.; = First B. i. Also in strengthened phrase, first andforemost. a 1000 Elene 68 (Gr.) pres pe hie feonda *efair fyrmest ftessegon. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 235 Si forme lage pat is si 3ecende lage, pe god sett formest an pes mannes heorte. c 1250 Gen. $ Ex. 1472 Esau was firmest boren And iacob sone after. C1350 Will. Palerne 268 He swor formest pat 3e schuld have no harm. 1551 T. Wilson Logike (1580) 4 The Logician first and formoste, professeth to knowe wordes, before he .. knitte sentences. 1599 • M[oufet] Silfcwormes 66 He formost dies, and yeelds to fatal dart. Ne Hues she long. 1650 Trapp Comm. Dumb. 11. 3 Judah encamped foremost. It was fit the Lion should leade the way. b. In the first place, firstly. See First B. i c. x 39 3 , 1583 [see First B. i. c.]. 1603 Holland Phitarch's Mor. 3 First and formest requisite it is, that the ground be good. FOREMOTHER. 438 FORE-POINT. Hence + Fo'remostly adv. Ohs., in the foremost place, in front. 1607 Dekker & Webster Sir T. IVyat D.’s Wks. 1873 III. 113 Norfolke rides formostly, his crest well knowne. la 1700 Ballad of Jephthah in Percy's Reliq. (1876) I. 184 When he saw his daughter dear Coming on most fore- mostly, He wrung his hands. Foremother (fo^impfoi). [f. Fore- pref. + Mother, after forefather .] A female ancestor. 1582 Bentley Mon. Matrones Pref. B. iij b, Looking in this glasse of the holie Hues of their foremothers. 1655 Songs Costume (Percy Soc.) 145 Where is the decency become Which your fore-mother had ? 1806-7 J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life xx. xxv. (1826) 254 Unheard-of fore¬ fathers and fore-mothers of your host’s family. 1878 H. H. Gibbs Ombre 1 Ombre, the delight of our forefathers and foremothers. Foren: see Forne. Forename (fo^un^m), sb. [f. Fore- pref. + Name.] A person’s first or ‘ Christian ’ name ; in Rom. Ant. = Pr^enomen. 1533 Cath. Parr tr. Erasm. Comm. Crede 74 The name and the forename of Pylate. 1610 Holland Camden's Brit. 320 His sonne, carrying the same fore-name [Bartholomew]. a 1656 Ussher Ann. vi. (1658) 753 It was provided by an Edict, that none of that family should have the forename of Marcus. 1716 M. Davies A then. Brit. III. Crit. Hist. 99 The Ancient Roman Women had a Fore-name, or a Christen-Name besides their Sir Name. 1870 Swinburne Ess. «$• Stud. (1875) 34 The counsellor whose name is Reason, whose forename is Interest. 1883 Academy 15 Dec. 394 Mary Martha Brooke, whose twofold fore-name is intended to symbolise her character. transf. 1610 Holland Camden's Brit. 1. 519 This place [Cole-Ouerton] hath a Cole prefixed for the fore-name. t Fo’rename, v. Obs . [f. Fore- pref. + Name v .] trans. a. To name or mention beforehand, b. To give a name to beforehand. 1610 Healey St. Aug. Citie of God v. xvi. (1620) 209 The vertues of such worthies as we forenamed. a 1633 Austin Medit. (1635) 53 Behold a Virgin shall conceave A Sonne, fore-nam’d Emmanuel. Hence PoTenamed ppl. a., named or mentioned before; fore-cited. 1490 Caxton Eneydosx iii. 47 The two sustres fore named. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 317 This foirnamit king. 1628 T. Spencer Logick 224 The forenamed Axiomes are com¬ pounded of simple axiomes. 1737 Whiston Josephus' Antiq. vm. xi. § 1 The woman, .grieved at the death of the fore-named child. 1823 J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 30 Flour which is mixed with the fore-named adulterations. absol. or ellipt. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. i. 2 Besides the two forenamed there is found a thirdekinde. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. 11. i. § 7 Besides the fore-named, they had Neptune. + Fo reness. nonce-wd. [f. Fore a. + -ness.] Priority. 1587 Golding tr. De Mornay i36Euen according to Aris- totles owne doctrine, forenesse, afternesse, and continuance of tyme do followe forenesse, afternesse, and continuance of mouing. Fo renext, a. Obs. rare— 1 . In 3 fore-neist. [f. Fore adv. -1- Next.] ? Next preceding. a 1300 Cursor M. 8146 (Cott.) pe night fore-neist o paradis Him thoght in sueuen he was h^r-bi. Forenight (foe* inoit). [f. Fore- adv. and prep.'] f 1 . The previous night. Obs. 1583 Stanyhurst AEneis 11. (Arb.) 66, I that in forenight was with no weapon agasted, Now shiuer at shaddows. 2 . Sc. The evening, the interval between twilight and bed-time. 1513 Douglas AEneis ix. vi. 63 Serranus That all the for- nycht in ryot..had spendit. 1810 Cromek's Rem. Niths- dale Song 209 We kent nae but it was drunken fowk riding to the fair, 1 the fore night. 1865 G. Macdonald A. Forbes xvi. 67 There were long forenights to favour the plot. Fore-nook: see Fore- pref. 3. Forenoon (fo®Mn«’n). [f. Fore prep. + Noon.] I . The portion of the day before noon. 1506 Guylforde Pilgr. (Camden) 35 We. .spent that fcfre noone there in prayers and deuocion. 1582 N. Lichf.field tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. iii. 10 At tenne of the Clocke in the fore noone. 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 168 When, .the Nights [are] yet cold, water in the Fore-noons. 1727 A. Hamilton Ne 7 U Acc. E. Ind. II. xxxiii. 12 The Fore-noons being dedicated to Business. 1838 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. I. 107 He sat with me one forenoon, last week. 1872 Black Adv. Phaeton xxvi. 352 He begged us to start for our forenoon’s walk. 2 . attrib. e For- parte of y° hede, cinciput. 1548 Hall Chroti., Rich. Ill (an. 3) 49 b, They of the Castell vexed their enemies on the foreparte. C1611 Chapman Iliadxm. 324 Betwixt his neck, and foreparts. 1714 S. Sewall Diary 12 Nov. (1882) 111.26 The Snow and Rain .. beat on the fore-part of the Calash. 1836 Random Recoil. Ho. Lords xvi. 383 His dark hair.. stands on end on the fore part of his head. b. esp. The bow or prow of a vessel. ? Obs. 1526 Tindale^^ xxvii. 41 And the foore parte stucke fast. 1555 Eden Decades 160 Turnynge the stemmes or forpartes of their shyppes ageynst the streame. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 1.74 The head or fore-part is not altogether so high as the Stern. t 2 . An ornamental covering for the breast worn by women ; a stomacher. Obs. 1600 Q. Eliz. Wardr. in Nichols’ Progresses (1823'' III. 507 Item, one foreparte of clothe of sylver. 1607 Webster Northw. Hoe 1. iii. Wks. (Rtldg.) 256/1,1 confess I took up a petticoat and a raised forepart for her. 1640 Shirley Constant Maid iv. iii, They were a midwife’s Fore part. 3 . The earlier part. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World iii. § 7AII the fore-part of the day. 1633 Earl Manch. AlMondo (1636) 131 He lives twice that bestowes the fore-part of his life well. 1722 Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) I. v. 369 In the fore part of the year 1659. 1727 A. Hamilton Ne 7 u Acc.E. I)id. II. 1. 217 In the Fore¬ part of the seventeenth Century. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xv, In some long-forgotten fore part of the day. t Fo’reparty. Obs. [f. Fore- pref.-\- Party.] = Forepart. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. ii. (1495) 102 In the fore party the heed is somdele comyng narough and hygh. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 67 In J?e fore partye of J>e i?rote. Forepass : see Forpass v. Obs. Fo*re-pa;ssage. Naut. [f. Fore- pref + Passage.] a. A passage leading to the forepeak, b. A passage leading from the hatchway to the forward magazine. {Cent. Diet.) Forepassed, -past (foipcrst), ppl. a. [f. Fore- pref. + Passed, Past.] That has previously passed, or been passed. Now only of time. 1557 Tottell's Misc. (Arb.) 143 O Lord .. for my helpe make haste To pardon the forpassed race that carelesse I haue past. 1596 Raleigh Discov. Gviana 21 Neither could any of the forepassed vndertakers .. discouer the country. 1622 Drayton Poly-olb. xxii. (1748) 353 Those forepassed hours, a 1713 Ellwood Autobiog. (1714) 12 The Actions of my fore-past Life. 1830 Southey Yng. Dragon 1. 36 Forepast times. .With no portent could match it. t b. quasi -adv. On a past occasion. Obs. 1664 Floddan F. iii. 24 What he had said fore-past was nought. Fore-paw, -payment: see Fore- pref. 2 d, 3 c. Fo repeak. Naut. Also 7 forepike. [f. Fore- pref. + Peak.] The extreme end of the forehold in the angle of the bows. 1693 R. Lyde Retaking a Ship 11, I will command three of them down into the Fore-pike. Ibid. 17 A Scuttle..that went down into the Forepeak. 1835 Marryat Three Cutt. i, Luxury, .is not wholly lost, even at the fore-peak. 1890 Times 6 Feb. 5/6 The collision-bulkhead, separating the forepeak from the watertight compartments. Fore-piece (f 5 *up*s). [f. Fore- pref. + Piece.] The foremost, first, or front piece : a. gen. b. Theatr. A c curtain-raiser ’. c. Saddlery (see quot. 1874). 1788 M. Cutler in Life Jrfils. Sf Corr. (1888) I. 401 Broke the forepiece of my sulky, which detained us. 1814 Monthly Mag. XXXVII. 333 Tragedies of the last age .. could be shortened into permanent fore-pieces. 1874 Knight Diet. Meek. I. 905 Fore-piece (Saddlery), the flap attached to the fore-part of a side saddle, to guard the rider’s dress. Fore-pillow: see Fore- pref 3. Forepine: see Forpine. Fore-place, -placing, -plan: see Fore- pref. Fo*re-plane. [f. Fore- pref. + Plane sb.] (See quot. 1S42.) 1703 Moxon Mec/i. Exerc. 65 It is called the Fore Plane because it is used before you come to work either with the Smooth Plane, or with the Joynter. 1842 Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss., Fore Plane in carpentry and joinery the first plane used after the saw or axe. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, Uses Gt. Men Wks. (Bohn) I. 278 Every carpenter who shaves with a fore-plane borrows the genius of a for¬ gotten inventor. Fore-planting, -plate: see Fore -pref. 2 c, 3. f Foreplea d, v. Obs.~ 0 [perh. for *forplead, f. For- pref. 1 (sense as in forswear ) + Plead.] ? trans. To overreach in pleading. Hence Fore- plea - ding vbl. sb., unfair argument. 1624 Bedell Lett. iii. 54 The forepleadings and aduan- tages to bee vsed against Heretikes. t Fo re-plot. Obs. [f. Fore- pref. + Plot.] Premeditation. Similarly Foreplo't v., to con¬ trive beforehand ; Poreplo’tted ppl. a. 1641 Prynne Antip. 10 Which fore-plotted treason was the occasion of this Vision. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt . Eng. 1. xl. (1739) 62 Which last they called Abere Murther, or Murther by foreplot or treachery. 1655 Fuller CJi. Hist. vi. iii. 315 His Wife .. might, .be presumed honest, if such a fore-plotted occasion had not debauched her. t Fore-poi'llt, v. Obs. Also 6 forpoint. [f. Fore- pref. + Point z\] 1 . trans. a. To appoint or determine beforehand ; to predestine to or unto. b. To forebode, c. To mark by points beforehand, a. c 1550 Cheke Matt. xvi. 17 note, Everlastingnes, and FORE-POSSESS. 439 FORE-RUN. happines wheerunto his chosen be forpointed. 1589 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 84 Unfortunate Samela born to mishaps, and forepointed to sinister fortunes. 1593 Lodge Long - beard, etc. (1880) 56 He is the man forpointed to be my husband. b. 1590 Greene Nei>cr too late (1600) 69 As the Marble drops against raine, so their teares fore-poynt mischiefe. C. 1570 Dee Math. PreJ .!, Which point we shall atteyne, by Notyng and forepointyng the angles and lines, by a sure and certain direction and connexion. 2. intr. To point beforehand. 1601 Weever Mirr. Mart. Aivb, He might haue seene how Fate that day fore-pointed. 1613-18 Daniel Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 20 Thus (as fore-pointing to a storme that was gathering on that coast) began the first difference with the French nation. Hence Forepointing 1 ppl. a . Also Porepointer, one who or that which points out beforehand. 1587 Greene Euphues Cens . Wks. (Grosart) VI. 171 The fathers and forepointers of wysedom. 1589 — Menaphon (Arb.) 27 Some further forepoynting fate. 1590 — Mourn. Garm. (1616) 23 Desires aboue Fortunes, are the fore¬ pointers of deep falls. + Fo :re-possess, v. Obs. [f. Fore- pref + Possess.] trans. To possess beforehand with. 1579 Tomson Calvins Serin. Tim. 625/2 Wee are fore- possessed and seised with so many vanities that [etc.]. »635 Sanderson 12 Serm., ad Cler. (1681) 63 Any rational man not extremely fore-possessed with prejudice. Fore-post, -precedent: see Fore- pref. 3, 4 a. t Fore-prepara tion. Obs. [f. Fore- pref. and Fore prep/] Preparation beforehand; also, nonce-use, theday before the (Jewish) ‘preparation’. 1580 Sidney el rcadia (1622) 207 Hauing much aduantage both in number, valure, and fore-preparation. 1656 Trapp Comm. John xix. 31 The Jews, before their preparation, had their fore-preparation. tFo :re-prepa*re, v. Obs. [f. Fore- pref. + Prepare.] trans. To prepare beforehand. Hence Fo reprepa red ppl. a. 1642 Fuller Holy <5- Prof. St. in. xiv. 187 His fore- prepared Sepulchre. 1648 Bp. Hall Select Th. § 24 The evils, which we look for, fall so much the less heavily, by how much we are foreprepared for their entertainment. 1650 Fuller Pisgah 1. in. vi. 372 They were rivetted into holes fore-prepared of purpose. Fore-pretended : see Fore- pref. 2 b. t Porepri se, v. Obs. Also 6 forprise, 7 foreprize, -prizz. [f. Fore- pref. + -prise , after the analogy of apprise, comprise, etc.] trans. To take beforehand : a. To assume, take for granted, b. To deal with, allow for, or men¬ tion beforehand; to provide for or determine beforehand; to forestall, anticipate. C. To take into or include by anticipation. a. 1577 Stanyhurst Descr. Irel. in Holinshed Chron. VI. Ep. Ded., The truth of the matter being forprised. b. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxxi. § 4 God hath fore- prised things of the greatest weight and hath therein pre¬ cisely defined .. that which every man must perform. 1607 Bodleigh Let. 19 Feb. in Abp. Ussher's Lett. (1686) App. 21 As if the thing that they sought had been by prevention fore-priz'd by others, a 1641 Bp. R. Mountagu Acts Mon. (1642) 499 Daniel forepriseth him, as a spirituall and eternall Prince. 1659 T. White Middle State of Souls 28 Those holy Fathers..by their testimonies foreprize our exceptions. 1693 Beverley True St. Gospel Truth 1 To be resolved in some Cases of Doubt, in others Foreprized, or Guarded against. c. 1692 Beverley Disc. Dr. Crisp 5 The Sins to come were Forepriz’d into it. Hence Foreprrsed, Fo:reprrsing///. adjs. 1605 Play Stucley 1961 in Simpson Sch. Sliaks. (1878) I. 236 If in the Basilisks fore-prizzing eye Be safety for the object it beholds Then [etc.]. <2x641 Bp. R. Mountagu Acts <5- Mon. (1642) 552 These fore-prised passages. Foreprise, -prize: see Forprise sb. and v. (Law). t Fore-pro'phesy, v. Obs. [f. Fore- pref. + Prophesy v.\ trans. and intr. To prophesy beforehand. (Frequent in l 6 -i 7 th c.) 1581 J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 379 When as we promise or foreprophecy in the name and person of God, thinges to come to passe. 1654 S. Clarke Eccl. Hist. 1. (ed. 2) 16 Who spake by the Spirit of God: Fore-seeing and fore-prophesying of those things which we now see are come to pass. 1676 W. Row Contn. Blair s Autobiog. xii. (1848) 486 Foreprophesying that they would be employed against themselves. Fore-provided: see Fore- pref. 2 b. Fo re-purpose, sb, [f. Fore- pref -f Pur¬ pose.] A purpose settled beforehand, previous de¬ sign. Similarly Forepivrpose v. trans ., to purpose beforehand ; Forepu’rposed ppl. a. 1551 T. Wilson Logike (1580) 43 A fore purposed choice. 1581 Mar beck Bk. of Notes 128 It is nothing els but his eternall determination fore purposed in his brest. 1587 Golding De Momay ix. 12 1 Vpon new deuise, or vpon euerlasting forepurpose. Ibid. 135 To haue brought to passe and perfected all that euer he had forepurposed, betokeneth an incomparable might and power, c 1611 Chapman Iliad xx. 17 The rest of these fore-purposes. 1829 Southey Sir T. More I. 105 The mystery whereby the free will of the subject is preserved, while it is directed by the fore purpose of the state. t Fore-quo'te, v. Obs. [f. Fore- pref + Quote.] trans. To quote or cite beforehand. Hence Fore-quoted ppl. a. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas n. ii. iv. Colunmes 454 Fore¬ quoting Confusedly th' Events most worthy noting. 1637 Gillespie Eng. Pop. Cerem. in. i. 4 In the forequotted place. 1670 W. Clarke Nat. Hist. Nitre 14 According to the fore-quoted author. Fore-rake, -rank : see Fore- pref. 3, 3 d. t Fore-ranger, corru ption of foranger , F or ager. 1612 Paule Life Whitgift 40 The fore-rangers and har¬ bingers of their further designes. t Fo'rereach, sb. Nant. Obs. [f. next vb] ? The projection of the forepart of a vessel, beyond the end of the keel; = fore-rake. 1626 Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 10 Her rake, the fore reach, plankes. Fo:re-rea*ch, v. Chiefly Naut. [f. Fore- prcf. + Reach v.] 1 . intr. To shoot ahead. Also, to fore-reach on , tipon (see quot. 1644). 1644 Manwayring Sea-mans Diet. 42 When two ships saile together, or after one another, she which sailes best (that is fastest) doth Fore-reach upon the other. 1748 Anson’s Voy. 11. iv. 163 We found that we had both weathered and fore-reached upon her considerably. 1800 C. Sturt in Naval Chron. IV. 394 Mr. Weld's cutter fore- reached, but I gained to windward. 1834 M. Scott Cruise Midge (1859) 2 5 2 She .. had forereached on us so far as to be well before our beam by this time. 1842 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 106 Fore-reach , to shoot ahead, especially when going in stays. 2 . trans. To reach beyond, gain ground upon, pass. Also fig. To get the better of. 1803 Naval Chron. XXIII. 398 To endeavour to fore- reach her. 1845 Napier Conq. Scinde 11. ii. 253 The general, coming back by a different route, had fore-reached them in such a scheme. 1870 Daily News 12 May, At 8.30 the Sappho was rapidly forereaching her opponent. 3 . trans. To seize beforehand, anticipate, rare. 1874 Whittier My Triumph xvii, I. .Fore-reach the good to be And share the victory. Hence Fo re-reaching ppl. a ., pushing, eager. 1864 Skeat Uhland's Poems 102 Every hand and every spirit works Fore-reaching, active, for the general weal. t Fore-rea*d, v. Obs. [f. Fore- pref. + Read.] trans. a. To read beforehand, b. To betoken or signify beforehand, c. To predestine. a. 1620 Bp. Saunderson Twelve Sermons (1637) 3°3 Not onely to foreknow the extraordinary plagues .. but also to fore-read in them Gods fierce wrath and heavie displeasure. b. 1591 Spenser Muiopotmos 29 His young, .yeares .. to him forered, That he .. would .. proue such an one. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. xiii. 219 The first part of whose name, Godiua, doth forereed Th’ first syllable of hers. C. ^1636 Fitzgeoffrey Eleg. hi. Evijb, Had Fate fore¬ read me in a Croude to dye. Hence Fore-rea‘ding* vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 1557 Grimalde in Tottell's Misc. (Arb.) 116 Good luck, certayn forereadyng moothers haue. a 1656 Hales Gold. Rem. (1688) 347 Your fore-reading of Suetonius. Fore-recited, -report, etc.: see Fore -pref Fore-resemble, -rib, etc.: see Fore -pref. + Fore-ri'de, v. Obs. [OY,.for-ridan,i. For- 2 , = Fore- pref. + ridan to Ride.] trans. To ride before or in advance of. O. E. Chron. an. 894 pa for rad sio fierd hie foran. c 1205 Lay. 26931 pat pa Rom-leoden heom for-riden hafueden. 1570 Levins Manip. 117 To Foreryde, prxeurrere. Fore-rider (f69-j,r3idai). [f. Fore- pref + Rider; =Ger. vorreiter. Cf. Forridel.] One who rides in front; esp. + a. one of the vanguard ; + b. a scout; c. an outrider or postillion; + d. a harbinger. c 1470 Henry Wallace in. 76 Thair for rydar was past till Ayr agane. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vi. clxiii. 156 Y° fore rydars y l put themselfe in prese with theyr sharpe launcys to wynne the firste brunte of the feelde. 1513 Douglas YEneis xiii. Pro!. 20 And Esperus .. Vpspringis, as forridar of the nycht. 1548 Hall Chron., Rich. Ill (an. 3) 55 Therle of Richmond knewe by his forriders that the kyng was so nere embattayled. 1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edw. II (1876) § 56. 43 Each [charetter] shal have a fore rider which charetters and fore riders shal drive the charettes and keepe the horses. 1888 Pall Mall G. 8 Oct. 5/2 Then the mounted foreriders ; and then the Emperor’s carriage. Fore-rigging: see Fore- pref. 3 d. Foreright (fdoujroi-t), rarely with advbl.gen. -s forerights, adv., prep., a. and sb. [f. Fore adv. + Right adv. and adj.] + A. adv. Directly forward, in or towards the front, straight ahead. Fore-right against, directly opposite. Obs. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvm. Ixiv. (1495) 819 A yonge Cowe is .. compellyd to folowe euen and foreryght the steppes and fores of oxen. 1548 Elyot, Aduersus .. fore ryght againste. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke xix. 30 The litell toune yt ye see yonder foreright ayenst you. 1608 Armin Nest Ninn. (1842) 1 To looke fore-right I can not, because judgment out-lookes mee. 1659 Leak Water- wks. 30 The difference is that, this here is seen fore-right, and that other upon one side. 1663 Stapylton Slighted Maid 3 Fil. Hey boy! how sits the wind ? Gios. Fore- right, and a brisk Gale. 1715-20 Pope Iliad xxn. 189 No less fore-right the rapid chace they held. 1761 Sterne Tr. Shandy III. xl, Surveying it transversely, .then foreright, — then this way, and then that. 1796 C. Marshall Garden. xii. (1813) 166 Let them [shoots] not advance far foreright. B. prep. i* 1 . Straight along. Obs .~ 1 1650 Fuller Pisgah 11. v. vii. 156 Sailing (not athwart the breadth, .but) almost foreright the length of the lake. 2 . Opposite, over against, dial. 1858 in Hughes Scouring White Horse 140 Vp, vorights the Castle round They did zet I on the ground. C. adj. + 1. a. Of a path, road, etc.: Directly in front of one, straight forward. Obs. 1624 Massinger Pari. Love 111. iii. Plays (1868) 179/2 You did but point me out a fore-right way To lead to certain happiness, a 1669 Somner Roman Ports Forts 50 A direct and foreright continued current and passage. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 145 A straight or Foreright Ascent. 1748 Richardson Clarissa Wks. (1883) VII. 315 You have only had the foreright path you were in overwhelmed. t b. Of a wind: Straight on the line of one’s course, favourable. Obs. 1605 Chapman, etc. Eastw. Hoe in. ii, Ther's a foreright winde continuall wafts vs till we come at Virginia. 1615 — Odyss. 111. 244 Nor ever left the wind his foreright force. 1632 Quarles Div. Fancies 11. xciv. (1660) 05 His sayle Being fill’d and prosper’d with a fore-right Gale. 2. Of a branch, etc. : Shooting straight out. 1741 Compl. Fant. Piece 11. iii. 388 Take off all fore-right or trailing Branches. 1802 W. Forsyth Fruit Trees ii. (1824) 34 They will frequently throw out small dugs, or foreright shoots. 1882 Card. Chron. XVII. 675 Removing . .all foreright shoots. 3. dial. Of persons: a. Going straight ahead without regard of consequences, headstrong, b. Honest, straightforward; also, plain-spoken, blunt. a. 1736 Pegge Ke?iticisjns (E.D. S.) s. v. (given as a * Hants ’ word). 1853 Cooper Sussex Gloss, (ed. 2). b- 1810 Devon <5- Cornw. Voc. in Monthly Mag. June 436 ‘A foreright man 1 , that is, a plain honest man. 1880 Mrs. Parr Adam <$• Eve II. 213 Be foreright in all you do. D. sb. [The adj. used ah sol. ] + a. Something straightforward (obs.). b. A foreright shoot; cf. C. 2 . c. dial, (see quot.). a. 1754 Richardson Grandison VII. xiii. 75 We women sometimes choose to come at a point by the round-abouts, rather than by the fore-rights. b. 1882 Jrnl. Horticulture 6 Apr. 288 The forerights unless strong being treated similarly. C. 1797 R. Polwhele Old Eng. Gentl. 54 Then.. Cut from the buttock a convenient slice, And .. Salute the fore¬ right with as keen a knife. Note, ‘ Foreright 1 is the coarsest sort of wheaten bread, made of the meal, with all the bran. Fore-riped : see Fore- pref. 2 b. Fo*re-room. [f. Fore- pref. + Room.] 1. ? The forecastle of a ship. Obs. c 1565 Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1728) 101 With ..two-handed swords in your fore-rooms. 1589 Greene Sp. Masquerado Wks. (Grosart) V. 272 That woorthy Gentle¬ man, .valiantly standing in the fore roome deliuered with Cannon his Ambassage to the Enemie. 2. The front room or parlour. Now only US. 1728 Vanbr. & Cib. Prov. Husb. 1. i. 32 She has a Couple of clever Girls there a stitching i 1 th 1 Fore-room. 1774 Foote Cozeners 11. Wks. 1799 II. 174 In the fore-room, up one pair of stairs. 1880 E. H. Arr New Eng. Bygones 46 This was the ‘ best-room 1 or as my grandfather called it, the ‘ fore ’ room. 1893 Boston (Mass.) Youth's Comp. 16 Mar. 140/4 So we went into the fore-room. Fore-royal: see Fore -pref. 2 d. Fore-run (fo°.i|rzrn), v. [f. Fore- -f Run.] 1. intr. To run on in front. OE. only. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. John xx. 4 Seo 5 er leorning-cniht for-arn R950 Lindisf. forearn] petrus forne. 2. trans. To outrun, outstrip. Obs. exc .fig. 1513 Douglas sEneis xii. vi. 61 That thai forryn and gois befor alway Zephirus and Nothus. 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 186 Gif the haris had forrun the hundis. 1842 Tennyson 2 Voices 88 Forerun thy peers. 1879 Church Spenser v. 119 Even genius, .cannot forerun the limitations of its day. f 3. To run in front of; hence, to act as harbinger of (a person). Also transfi to precede. Obs. 1570 Levins Manip. 188 To forerunne, preeairrere. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. 173 They often compassing the sepul¬ cher in a ioynt procession, are fore-run and followed by the people. 1621 Quarles Argalus P. (1678) 6 Chris-cross foreruns the Alphabet of love. 1708 Stanhope Paraphr. (1709) IV. 335 And thou, my Child John, shalt fore-tell and immediately fore-run this Saviour. 1750 Coventry Pompey Litt. (1752) 36 Thus our hero, with three footmen fore¬ running his equipage, set out in triumph. absol. a 1643 W. Cartwright Siege v. iii, To forerun And lead the way t’ Elysium [is] but a duty She would not thank me for. 4. To be the precursor of (a future event, etc.). 1590 Greene Never too late (1600) 71 Lightning, that beautifies the heauen for a blaze, but foreruns stormes. and thunder. 1593 Shaks. Rich. II, 11. iv. 15 These signes fore-run the death of Kings. 1652 Cotterell Cassandra v. 11. (1676) 487 This felicity was to fore-run the last I now can hope for. a 1711 Ken Hymns Evang. Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 219 A Star..which Eastern Gentiles guess’d was to forerun The wish’d-for Dawn of the Eternal Sun. 1834 Good Study Med. (ed. 4) II. 359 The symptoms that forerun the chicken-pox. 1859 Tennyson Idylls , Guinevere 131 The Gold wind that foreruns the morn. 5. To anticipate, forestall. 1591 Raleigh Last Fight Rev. 15 By anticipating and forerunning false reports. 1655 H. Vaughan Silex Scint., Rules <5* Lessons (1858) 73 Our Bodies but forerun The Spirit’s duty. 1849 Longf. Mrs. Kemble's Readings Shaks., The great poet who foreruns the ages, Anticipating all that shall be said ! Hence Fo rerunning vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 1565 Harding Let. to Jeyvel in Strype Ann. Ref. I. App. xxx. 72 Your forerunning sermon. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Avantcourement, forerunning. 1660 Milton Free Commw. Wks. (1847) 449 / 2 The diabolical forerunning Libels. 1690 PuNNiv/^4- Progr. Quakers (1834) 50 The consummation of the legal, and fore running of the Gospel times. 1818 S. E. Pierce Bk. Psalms II. 460 Sorrows and griefs, forerunning figures of what would befall FORERUNNEB. 440 FORESHADOW. Messiah.. 1872 Longf. Div. Trag. Introitus53 The sublime fore running of their time. Forerunner (fo^rtrnsi). [f. prec. + -er h] 1 . One who runs before, esp . one sent to prepare the way and herald a great man’s approach, a har¬ binger ; also, a guide. Chiefly transf,\ and fig. First used fig. as rendering of L. precursor, esp. of John the Baptist as ‘ the Forerunner of Christ \ a 1300 Cursor M. 13208 (Cott.) For-pi es he cald his foriner [MS. app. reads former; Gott. forinnier], And cristes aun messenger, c 1440 York Myst. xxi. 16 pus am I comen in message right, And be fore-reyner in certayne. 1541 Coverdale Old Faith ix. (1547) F viij, John the baptist, whych was the fore runner of..Christ. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 292 Foliowyng y® infallible foot¬ steps of thy forerunner Nature. 1634 Heywood Witches Lane. 1. i. Wks. 1874 IV. 175 Farewell Gentlemen, lie be your fore-runner, To give him notice of your visite. a 1711 Ken Preparatives Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 144 Death our Fore-runner is, and guides To Sion. 1725 Pope Odyss. 1. 520 Did he some loan, .require, Or came fore-runner of your scepter’d Sire? i860 Pusey Min. Proph. 594 The Forerunner of our Lord. 1878 Bosw. Smith Carthage 75 When Claudius the. .forerunner of the Roman army, ap¬ peared at Rhegium. b. Applied transf to things. 1579 E. K. Gloss. Spenser's Sheph. Cal. Mar. 11 The swallow..useth to be counted..the forerunner of springe. 1622 Sparrow Bk. Com. Prayer { 1661)115 Advent Sundaies ..are to Christmas Day..forerunners to prepare for it. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk <$• Selv. Contents, Chap. I The Introduction or foreruner. 1751 Chesterf. Lett. (1792) III. eexlii. 109 A sort of panegyric of you. .which will be a very useful fore-runner for you. c . 'pi. The advance-guard of an army. Chiefly transf. and fig. 1535 Coverdale Wisd. xii. 8 Thou. .sendest y 2 forerunners of thyne hoost, euen hornettes. 1645 Pagitt Heresiogr. (1661)276 They..cryed out, that they were the fore-runners of Popery. 1878 Bosw. Smith Carthage 233 Four thousand cavalry..had been sent forward by Servilius as his fore¬ runners. 2 . One whom another follows or comes after, a predecessor ; also, an ancestor. 1595 Shaks. John 11. i. 2 Arthur, that great fore-runner of thy bloud. 1683 D. A. A rt Converse 7 Long descriptions of their own Pedigree, and grandure of their fore-runners. 1768 Sterne Sent. Joum. (1775) I. 13 My .. observations will be altogether of a different cast from any of my fore¬ runners. 1866 J. Martineau Ess. I. 15 Comte claims Hume as his chief forerunner in philosophy. transf. 1663 Gerbif.r Counsel A iv a. The fore-runner of this Discourse was printed and dedicated to the King. 3 . That which foreruns or foreshadows something else; a prognostic or sign of something to follow. 1589 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 39 The wrongs of my youth are the fore-runners of my woes in age. 1612 Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 88 A convulsion often-times is a fore-runner or a messenger of death. 1764 Harmer Observ. xvii. 42 A squall of wind and clouds of dust are the usual forerunners of these first rains. 1878 Bosw. Smith Carthage 112 The famine and the pestilence which are usually the last outcome and not the forerunners of a siege. 4 . Naut. a. A rope fastened to a harpoon. Cf. Fore-ganger, b. A rope rove through a single block on the foremast, c. (See quots.) a. 1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 11.(1711) 158 The first of them is ty'd to the Fore-runner, or small Line. b. 1805 in Nicolas Disp. Nelson (1846) VII. 189 note , Got forerunners and tackles forward to secure foremast. C. 1815 Falconer's Diet. Marine (ed. Burney), Fore - Runner of the Log-line, a small piece of red buntin, laid into that line at a certain distance from the log. 1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 106 Fore-runner, a piece of rag, ter¬ minating the stray-line of the log line. Hence Fo’rerumnersliip, the condition or dig¬ nity of a forerunner. 1881 A. B. Bruce Chief End Revelat. vi. 300 This fore- runnership of Christ. Foresaid (focused), a. [f. Fore- pref. + Said.] = Aforesaid. (In Sc. writings of 16th c., and in legal formulae until 18th c., it occurs with plural ending forsaidis.) Now rare. c 1000 /Elfric Josh. vi. 22 Iosue ewas)? [>a siSSan to pam foressedan aerendracum. a 1300 Cursor M. 6392 (Cott.) Moyses. .smat it wit J>is forsaid wand. 1340 Ayenb. 190 pe uorzede manne. 1413 Pilgr. (Caxton 1483) v. xiv. 105, I sawe a semely persone standyng nyhe the forsaid tree. 1563 Shute Archit. Bjb, The measures of the forsayde Pillours. 1585 Jas. I. Essayes in Poesie (1869) 55 Many of thir foirsaides preceptis. 1679 Dryden Tr. y Cr. in. i. Wks. 1883 VI. 325 All of these foresaid men are fools. 177S Adair Amer. I?id. 321 When the fore-said warriors returned home. 1787 Cowper Let. 17 Nov., ’Foresaid little Bishop and I had much talk about many things, but most about Homer. 1821 Scott Kenilw. xii, An archway surmounted by the foresaid tower. ellipt. 1556 Lauder Tractate 140 Off thir forsaid- 3c sail be sure. 1688 R. Holme Armoury m. 336/2 The foresaid are kind of Bottles which Reapers..use to carry their Drink or Milk in. 1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. a) 120 All Cost, Skaith, Damage and Expences, he or his foresaids [/. e. his ‘ executors, assigns, etc.’] may happen to sustain therethrough. Fore-sail (foo-is^l). [f. Fore- pref. + Sail ; = Ger. vorsegel.] The principal sail set on the fore¬ mast ; in square-rigged vessels, the lowest square sail on the foremast; in fore-and-aft rigged, the triangular sail before the mast. 1481-90 Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 50 A bolte roppe for the foreseile. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind . xxix. 72 b, They brought themselues vnder their foresailes againe. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Urania Wks. 1 His Sprit-saile, Fere-saile, Main-saile, and his Mizzen. 1745 P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 27 The next Day we split the Fore-sail. 1855 O. W. Holmes Poems 165 Many a foresail.. Shall break from yard and stay. attrib. 1549 Compl. Scot . vi. 40 Hail, .the foir sailscheit, hail out the bollene. + Fo ‘resaw. 06s. rare. [f. Fore- pref. + Saw sb. saying.] a. A previous saying, b. A fore-saying, prediction. 1387 Trbvisa Higden II. 177 And now the more world is discreued in oure four sawes in be firste book [L. inpr&cedcn - tibus ]. 1555 Watreman Fardle Facions 11. viii. L iv a, In the beginning of y e yere, assemblying together, thei [the Sages] foreshewe of raine..For aswell the kynge as the people, ones vndrestandyng their foresawes. .shone the euilles. Fore-say (fews** - ), v, [OE. foresyegan, f. Fore- pref. + slogan to Say.] trans. To say beforehand, foretell, predict. Now rare. c 900 tr. Baida's Hist. Contents in. xiii. (1890) 14 Daet se biscop Aidan bam scypfarendum pone storm towardne fore- sse^de. ^1300 Cursor M. 1606 (Cott.) A propheci, bat for¬ said was bi his merci. 1543 Grafton Contn. Harding 549 Kyng Henry y® sixte did foresaye the same, and in like maner prophecy of hym. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iv. 9 He foresayth y fc the people shalbe gathered together agayne. a 1641 Bp. R. Mountagij Acts <$• Mon. (1642) 176 Homer took much out of her verses, which she foresaw and foresaid he should doe. 1886 J. Payne Decameron 1. 12 The pleasance and delight .. which belike, were it not foresaid, might not be looked for from such a beginning. Hence Foresaying vbl. sb. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Mark i. 2 The prophecies and foresayinges of the Prophetes. 1608-11 Bp. Hall Epist. in. iii. Wks. (1627) 319 Whose foresayings verified in all particular issues are more than demonstratiue. Pore-scene, -scent, etc.: see Fore- pref. + F0 ‘re-seat. Obs. [see Fore- pref. 3 .] A seat or position in front. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 133 The fore-seate of the Hollow veine, where it groweth to the Liuer. 1715 S. Sewall Diary 20 Mar. (1882) III. 42 Mr. Pemberton spake to me as he went by the foreseat in the morning. Foresee (foaisz*). Also 4-6 forsee, (6 force, Sc. foirsee). [OE .foreseo?i, f. Fore- pref. + sdo?i to See ; cf. Ger. vorsehen .] 1. trans. To see beforehand, have prescience of. Often with obj. and inf or with clause as obj. c 1000 Ags. Ps. cxxxviii. [cxxxix.] 2 (Th.) pu ealle mine wegas wel fore-sawe. c 1400 Destr. Troy 2247 pat hedis to be first, And for-sees not the fer end, what may falle after. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 781 He that of good heart and courage foresawe no perilles. 1581 Marbeck Bk. Notes 331 God did fore-see and fore-knowe, that they should be dampned. 1611 Bible Prov. xxvii. 12 A prudent man foreseeth the euil, and hideth himselfe. 1630 Prynne Anti-Armin. 116 God from all eternity foresaw them in themselues to be such. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 41, I presently foresaw, that, if I went to the ex¬ tremity, I should spoil the voyage. 1815 Jane Austen Emma iv, Emma had very early foreseen how useful she might find her. 1883 Froude Short Stud. IV. 1. x. 112 The empire might be laid under interdict, with the consequences which everyone foresaw. absol. 1667 Milton P. L. i. 627 What power of mind Foreseeing or presaging, from the Depth Of knowledge past or present, a 1881 Rossetti House of Life x, The shadowed eyes remember and foresee. t b. Sc, To see previously; to have an interview with (a person) beforehand ; to inspect or consider beforehand. Obs. 1592 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1814) III. 627 For dyuerss vtheris weehtie caussis and guid considerationis foirsene be his hienes. 1625 Burgh Rec. Glasgow (1876) 348 That na maner of persoun..pas heirefter to..England without thai first foirsie the prouest and bailleis. 1663 Spalding Troub. Chas. / (1829) 66 Thir articles were foreseen by the tables at Edinburgh, and order given to refuse the samen. + 2. To prepare beforehand or provide; in early use with dat. of person, later with to. Also, to provide of or with (something). Obs, c 900 tr. Bseda's Hist. iv. i. (1891) 256 Paet he him on his biscopscire gerisne stowe foresege and salde. 1513 Douglas YEneis x. xii. 134 Thou sail de fyrst, quhat evyr to me forseyne Or providyt has mychty Jove. 1637 R. Monro E.xped. 11. 133 This Leaguer..at all sorting Ports, being well foreseene with slaught-bomes and triangles. + b. To see to or take care about beforehand; to provide for or against. With simple obj., or obj. clause introduced by that . Obs. c 900 tr. B seda's Hist. 1. xxvii. (1891) 66 Swylce eac be heora ondlifne is to pencenne and to foreseonne paet [etc.]. 1526 Househ. Ord. 139 The sewers., to have semblably charge to forsee that no part of the fruict. .be in any wise purloyned. 1565 Act 8 Eliz. c. 13 § 1 The Master,Wardens and Assistants of the Trinity-house..are bound to foresee the good Increase and Maintenance of Ships. 1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. 251 He supposed it was his bounden duety to foresee lest the .. decrees of that councell should, .be im- payred. 1590 Greene Never too late (1600) 62 He that forerepents forsees many perils. 1604 Nottingham Rec. {1889) IV. 267 The 7 Aldermen, .. be ouerseers for the towne to forsee the daunger of the visitacion. 1622 C allis Stat. Sewers (1647) 5 The King, .was bound to see and foresee the safety of this Realm. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 699 In Horse-Races Men are curious to fore-see, that there be not the least Weight upon the one Horse, more than vpon the other. + 3. intr. To exercise foresight, take care or precaution, make provision. Also, to look to or into beforehand. Obs. 1551 T. Wilson Logike (1580) 84 Fire, nor yet water doe harme of them selves, but..the negligence of man, whiche forseeth not to them. a 1590 Marr. Wit <$■ Wisd. (1846) 8 Well, as for that I shall for-se. 1594 First Pt. Contetition (1843) 33 Well hath your grace foreseen into that Duke. 1624 Quarles Div. Poems , Job (1717) 228 He plots, com- plots, forsees, prevents, directs, a 1626 Bacon (J.), A king against a storm must foresee to a convenient stock of treasure. +4. (A/way) foreseen or foreseeing that : pro¬ vided that. 1434 E. E. Wills (1882) 99 Forseen ahvey, that yf.. my doughtres dye [etc.]. 1533 Elyot Cast. Helthe 11. i. (1541) 16 b, Forseene alwaye that they eate withoute gourmandyse. 1550 Privy Council Acts (1891) III. 79 Forseing that of their waiges they content their hostes for their victailes. 1600 W. Vaughan Direct. Health (1633) 3 2 Foreseene also that they that shall drinke it thus, be not subject to the Chollicke. Hence Foreseeing* vbl. sb. ; Foreseeing*///, a., characterized by foresight. Fore-seeingly adv. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus iv. 961 (989) It were rather an opinyon Uncertein, and no stedfast forseynge. 1536 Latimer 2nd Serm. bef. Convocation Wks. I. 43 Ought we to attribute it to..the forseeing of the kings grace? 1567 Triall Treas. (1850) 18 Be circumspect, therefore, forseing and sapient. 1594 Marlowe & Nashe Dido iv. iii, Follow your fore-seeing stars in all. a 1653 Gouge Comm. Heb. xi. 39 Gods, .fore-seeing of this and that is justly stiled a providing it. 1728 Vanbr. & Cib. Prov. Husb. 1, What prudent care does this deep foreseeing nation take for the support of its worshipful families ! 1802 H. Martin Helen of Glenross I. 105 Your gloomy croaking ominous fore- seeings. 1848 W. H. Kelly tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten Y. II. 567 A wise and foreseeing policy. 1857 Ruskin Elem. Drawing iii. 205 You must go straight through them, knowingly and foreseeingly, all the way. Foreseeable (foeisrab’l), a. [f. prec. + -able.] That may be foreseen. 1804 W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. II. 367 A rise and a fall foreseeable. 1840 Mill Diss. «$• Disc., Bentham (1859) E 387 The morality of aji action depends on its foreseeable consequences. Foreseen (fouj£e:der he see of Athanasius. 1526 Tindale Acts xxvii. 30 As though they wolde have caste ancres out off the forshippe. 1895 Daily News 1 Feb. 7/2 The stem .. is gone above water to the third frame, but there is no water in the foreship. Fore-shoe, -shop : see Fore- pref 2 a and 3. Foreshore (fooujo^i). [f. Fore- pref. + Shore.] 1 . The fore part of the shore; that part which lies between the high- and low-water marks ; occas. the ground lying between the edge of the water and the land which is cultivated or built upon. 1764 Skeffling Inclos. Act 13 Land or ground, as a new fore shore to the said river. 1839 Stonehouse Axholme 56 Stone heaps which are put out for the defence of the fore¬ shores. 1864 J. G. Bertram Notes Trav. 1862-3. 67 The moment the tide runs back the foreshore is at once overrun with a legion of hungry people. 1894 Sala Loud, up to date xxiv. 360 Many grand patrician houses existed on this foreshore [of the Thames] from Essex Street down to Hungerford. transf. 1874 T. Hardy Madding Crowd II. i. 15 The foreshores and promontories of coppery cloud which bounded a green and pellucid expanse in the western sky. 2 . Hydraul. Engin. (See quot. 1874.) 1841 Brees Gloss. Civ. Engin. 34, D, the foreshore. 1873 F. Robertson Engineering Notes 61 A slope, .terminating in a long nearly level berm called a foreshore. 1874 Knight Vol. IV. Diet. Mech. I. 905/1 Fore-shore (Hydraulic Engineering) (**), a bank a little distance from a sea-wall to break the force of the surf; ( b ), the seaward projecting, slightly inclined portion of a breakwater. Foreshorten (fo^iJ^-Jt’n), v. [f. Fore- pref.\ + Shorten v.] 1. trans. Of the effect of visual perspective : To cause (an object) to be apparently shortened in the directions not lying in a plane perpendi¬ cular to the line of sight. Of a draughtsman : To delineate (an object) so as to represent this apparent shortening. 1606 Peach am Art Drawing 28 If I should paint., an horse with his brest and head looking full in my face, I must of necessity foreshorten him behinde. 1650 Bulwer An- thropomet. 261 Much Art being used to make the Foot shew as foreshortned. a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) I. 263 'Tis a greater Mystery in the Art Of painting to foreshorten any Part, Than draw it out. 1784 Sir J. Reynolds Disc. xii. (1876)51 The best of the painters could not even foreshorten the foot. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick, iii, His legs fore¬ shortened to the size of salt-spoons. 1853 Herschel Pop. Lect. Sc. v. § 9 (1873) To fore-shorten its whole length into one joint. transf. and fig. 1768 Spence Parallel 22 After he had taken to this way of fore-shortening his reading, if I may he allowed so odd an expression. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. lxxvii, Lives, that lie Fore-shorten’d in the tract of time. absol. 1841 W. Spalding Italy 11.1 si. II. 356 The master’s mechanical skill, especially in foreshortening on the ceiling. 2. nonce-use . In literal sense: To shorten or curtail in advance. 1839 Bailey Festus xiii. (1848) 122 Youth forestalling and foreshortening age. Hence Foreshcrrtened ppl. a. 1654 Marvell First Anniversary, Foreshortned time its useless course would stay. 1831 Brewster Nat. Magic v. (1833) 122 The fore-shortened figure of a dead body lying horizontally. 1859 Gullick & Timbs Paint. 147 It was by such means that Correggio painted his wonderful fore¬ shortened figures. 1874 Lady Herbert tr. Hiibners Ramble 1. vii. (1878) 88 Placed close together these moun¬ tains all look to us foreshortened. Foreshortening, vbl. sb. [f. prec. + -ing i.] The action of the vb. Foreshorten. 1606 Peacham Art Drawing 27 Of fore-shortning. 1686 Aglionby Painting Illustr. Explan. Terms, Shortning is, when a Figure seems of greater quantity than really it is.. Some call it Fore-Shortning. 1784 Blagden in Phil. Trans. LXXIV. 205 The fore-shortening .. of the tail. 1859 Gullick & Timbs Paint. 39 Correct foreshortening is one of the greatest difficulties in art. i860 Pusey Min. Proph. 494 Prophecy, in its long perspective, uses a continual fore¬ shortening. Foreshot (foaujpt). [f. Fore- pref. + Shot.] 1. A projecting part of a building. 1839 Black Hist. Brechin viii. 189 The Timber Market, formerly so obstructed with foreshots covered with thatch. 2. In distilling : The spirits which first come over. 1893 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 1 Apr. 708/1 The alcohol which had not passed over in the * fore-shots ’ and the ‘ clean spirits \ Fore-shoulder: see Fore- pref. 3 b. + Fo reshow, sb. Obs. [f. Fore- pref. + Show sb.~\ A manifestation beforehand; a previous in¬ dication or token ; a prefiguration. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Mark iii. 35 Here was made a foreshewe of the churche, that should be gathered together. 1584 R. Scot Discov. IVitchcr. xi. vi. 157 Pretend¬ ing that everie bird and beast, &c., should be sent from the gods as foreshewes of somewhat. 1600 Fairfax Tasso xiii. liv. 245 With vermile drops at eau’n his tresses bleed, Fore- showes of future heat. 1603 Florio Montaigne 1. xxv. (1632) 69 The foreshow of their inclination whilest they are young is so uncertaine. Foreshow (foajfffu-), V. [OE. foresdawian, f. Fore- pref. + sdawian to Show.] + 1. trans. To look out for; to provide; to con¬ template in the future. Only OE. and early ME. c 1000 /Elfric Jiuig*. vi. 8 He him foresceawode sumne hereto^an. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 227 Se time com f>e god forescewede. c 1200 Vices $ Virtues ( 1888)17 Dare hierte 8e ne wile forsceawin h(w)ider he seal oanne he henen far 5 . 2. To show or make known beforehand; chiefly, to foretell, prognosticate. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 11. 82 God there fore- sheweth some peculiar thing concerning his electes. 1642-46 in Quincy Hist. Harvard Univ. (1840) I. 517 No scholar shall.. unless foreshowed and allowed by the President .. he absent from his studies, .above an hour. 1651 C. Cart¬ wright Cert. Relig. 1. no He foreshews that many should come in his name. 1711 Pope Temp. Fame 462 Astrologers, that future fates foreshew. 1826 E. Irving Babylon II. 316 He gave Enoch a commission to foreshow the deluge. 1879 Butcher & Lang Odyss. 196 If thou hurtest them, I foreshow ruin for thy ship. b. Of things : To indicate beforehand, give pro¬ mise or warning of; to foreshadow, prefigure. 1601 Chester Love's Mart. cix. (1878) 71 The Sunne did frowne, Fore-shewing to his men a blacke-fac’t day. 1776 G. Horne Psalms xlvii. 3 That great conquest, foreshewed by the victories of Joshua, c 1790 Imison Sch. Art 1 . 132 The falling of the mercury foreshews thunder. 1834 Good Study Med. (ed. 4) II. 245 Aphthas frequently .. foreshow imminent death, i860 Pusey Min. Proph. 40 God had., enjoined sacrifice, to foreshow and plead to Himself the one meritorious Sacrifice of Christ. + 3. To show forth, betoken, display. Obs. 1590 [Tarlton] News Purgat. (1844) 9 1 Glances that fore¬ shewed good will. 1607 H. Arthington Princ. Points 1. v, To view God’s Creatures.. How do they all his loue fore¬ shew. 1608 Shaks. Per. iv. i. 86 Your lookes fore-shew You haue a gentle heart. Hence Foresho’wn ppl. a. Also Foresho’wer, one who or that which foreshows. I S 5 S Watreman Fardle Facions Pref. 13 Demiles, fore- shewers of thinges. 1583 Abp. Sandys Ser/it. (1841) 388 The signs, .which should be the foreshewers of this terrible day. 1658 Bromhall Treat. Specters iv. 258 [They] were fore-shewers of a happy voyage. 1735 Johnson, Foreteller , predicter, foreshower. 1844 Mrs. Browning Drama 0} Exile Poems 1850 I. 68 The voices of foreshown Humanity. 1852 Peacock Wks. (1875) III. 380 To all mankind death is the foreshown doom. Foreshowing (fo»jjou-ii]), vbl. sb. [f. prec. vb. + -ing *.] The action of the vb. Foreshow. *1:1050 Liber Scintil. vi. (1889) 28 Atihtincge his mid eallum stances bigenge on godes foresceawunge [ content - platione ] gefsestnacx a 1300 Cursor M. 5745 (Cott.) pis was a fore-sceuing scene O moder bath and maiden clene. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. 56 b, The vnbeleuers. .do faine that their felicitie or misery doth hang on the decrees and foreshewinges of the starres. 1609 Bible (Douay) Proph. Bks. Comm., A 1 the old Testament is a general prophecie, and forshewing of the New. 1846 Trench Mirac. xv. (1862) 261 Many .. found in these healing influences of the pool of Bethesda a foreshowing of future benefits. Fore-shrouds: see Fore- pref. 3 d. Foreside (fo3*j|S3id). Also 5-7 for-, [f. Fore- pref. -1-Side. Cf. Du. voorzijde, Ger. vorseite.'] 1 . The fore part; the front; also, the upper side (of anything). Now rare exc. techn. c 1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 161 pese .vij. ribbis. .in pe for- side of a man. .have no fastnynge to no boon. 1489 Caxton Faytes of A. \. xxvii. 82 Sharp yrons were dressed to the foresyde of the same engyn. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke vii. 85 b, The tables, .letted hir to. .cast hir self down prostrate on the foresyde, at the fete of Jesus. 1569 Wills 4* Inv. N. C. (Surtees 1835) 311 On lytlye pattlett sett w th pearll on the forsyd. 1642 Relat. Action bef. CyrencesterZ The Colonell perceiving the garden wall .. too high to be entred on the foreside. 1670-98 Lassels Voy. Italy II. 103 The picture .. turns upon a frame, and shews you both the fore-side of those combatants, and their backsides too. 1738 [G. Smith] Curious Relat. I. iv. 470 They have another Skin .. which covers their Back, and a square one to cover their Foreside. 1762 Sterne Tr. Shandy V. xxix, Over¬ turning it upside-down, and fore-side back. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch 4- Clockm. 9 Making the backs of the escape wheel teeth radial and the foresides curved. fig. 1596 Spenser F. Q. v. iii. 39 When these counterfeits were thus uncased Out of the foreside of their forgerie.. All gan to jest and gibe full merilie. a 1655 Vines Lords Supp. {1677) 343 There [at the bottom] lies abundance of self-love, and self-interest, even when there is a good countenance and fore-side. 1685 Renwick Serm., etc. xiii. (1776) 159 Hills and Vallies. .are all written over, backside and fore¬ side with legible characters of the knowledge of God. 2 . The front side or edge. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 164 Raiser, is a Board set on edge under the Fore-side of a step. 3 . attrib. a 1643 W. Cartwright Lady-Errant v. i, This foreside blow Cuts off thrice three, this back-blow thrice three more. Foresight (fo^usait). [f. Fore- pref. -t-S ight. Cf. OH G.forasiht, Ger. vorsicht.'] 1 . The action or faculty of foreseeing what must happen; prevision. 14.. Lydg. Secrees 173 Haue ther with Consyderacyon Be a forsyght and cleer inspeccyon. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. 17 b, Foresight is a gatheryng by conjectures what shall happen. 1656 Bp. Hall Occas. Medit. (1851) 19 Want of foresight makes thee more merry. 1791 Burke TJi. on Fr. Affairs Wks. VII. 83 The effects rather of blind terrour than of enlightened foresight. 1815 Jane Austen Emma iii. iii, On fire with speculation and foresight. 1856 Smyth Roman Family Coins 245 Nor had he foresight enough to see the true interests of his country. 2 . The action of looking forward (lit. and fig.) ; also, a look forward (at some distant object). 159X Spenser Muiopot. 389 The foolish flie without fore- sight. 1636 Bp. Hall Occas. Medit. (1851) 22 My very eye is weary with the foresight of so great a distance. 1667 Milton P. L. xi. 368 Let Eve .. Here sleep below, while thou to foresight wak’st. 1778 Pennant Tour Wales( 1883) I. 20 From the Summit of Garreg .. the traveller may have an august foresight of the lofty tract of Snowdon. 1885 Whyte Melville In Lena Delta iv. 50 Aftersight informed us of much that our foresight had overlooked. b. Perception gained by looking forward; pros¬ pect ; a sight or view into the future. 1422 E. E. Wills (1882) 49 Hauyng gode in forsyght, I haue maad and ordened this ray .. last wylle. c 1422 Hoccleve Learn to Die 527 Forsighte at al ne haan tho wrecches noon Of the harm which ther-of moot folwe neede. 1594 Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits xi. (1596) 169 The thoughts of mortal men are timorous, and their foresights vneertaine. 1649 Bp. Hall Cases Consc.v. (1654) 30 Joseph, out of the fore-sight of a following dearth, bought up the seven yeares graine for Pharaoh, a 1674 Clarendon Sum. Leviath. (16761 176 Upon a fore-sight that the fire may come thither. 1736 Butler Anal. 1. ii. 49 Our foresight of those consequences, is a warning given us. 1876 Mozley Univ. Serm. iii. 62 We are guarded against the naked effect of the perpetual foresight of death. 3 . Care or provision for the future. 1375 Barbour Bruce xx. 314 With sa gude forsicht and sa viss, Or his furth-passyng ordanit he, That [etc.]. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Troy 1. v. If by prudent forsyght, Thou haddest had grace for to record aryht. i 5 J 3 Douglas FEneis viii. ix. 74 Gyf it he sa 3our godhed. .Be prescience provyd hes, and forsichtis. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) in Counsell grounded vpon no wise foresight or approued experience, was more dangerous to him. 1732 Lediard Sethos II. viii. 257 He had had the foresight to order [it]. 1833 Ht. Martineau Manch. Strike viii. 85 Those least disposed to foresight could not help asking .. FORESIGHTED. 442 FOREST what was to be done next time, a 1862 Buckle Misc. Wks. (1872) I. 155 In hot climates, nature being bountiful, man is not obliged to use foresight. + b. {God's, Divine) foresight : = Providence. Also, an instance or effect of Divine Providence. a 1300 Cursor M. 284 (Cott.) pis lauerd pat is so mikil of mi}t puruaid al in his for-sight. 1375 Barbour Bruce 1. 460 God.. Preserwyt thaim in hys forsycht. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Dk. Clarence lvi, Wo wurth the wretch yt strives with gods forsighte. 163^-56 Cowley Davideis n. 827 Shapd in the glass of the divine Foresight. 1664 Marvell Corr. Wks. 1872-5 II. 167, I find now..that my want of language hath been but a foresight of the King my Master, and a fit complement upon His part. 4. Surveying. (See quot.). ?U.S. only. 1855 Davies & Peck Math. Diet. (1857), Foresight , any reading of the leveling-rod, after the first, taken at a given station. The first reading is called a back-sight. 5 . The foremost of the two sights on a gun; the muzzle-sight. 1859 Musketry Instruct. 25 Raise the folding sight and the eye..until the fore-sight is in a line with the bull's-eye. 1880 Times 18 Oct. 4/3 In using the rifle a native rarely avails himself of the foresight. Foresighted (foo-jssited), ppl. a. [f. prec. + -ed 2 .] Gifted with or having foresight; char¬ acterized or controlled by foresight. 1660 tr. A myraldus' Treat, cone. Relig. 1. iv. 54 A fore¬ sighted and rational conduct of things to their end. 1700 Astry tr. Saavedra-Faxardo II. 37 The Thebans did not desire Princes so foresighted. 1775 Adair Amer. Did. 286 The fore-sighted French knew their fickle and treacherous disposition. 1891 Atkinson Last of Gia?it Killers 121 The most foresighted and farsighted of mortals. Foresightful (foe-issitful), a. [f. as prec. + -ful.] Full of or possessed of foresight. 1580 Sidney Arcadia (1622) 104 The foresightfull care he had of his silly successour. Ibid. 205 Giue vs foresightfull mindes. 1668 G. C. in H. More Div. Dial. 2nd Pref. (1713) 27 Foresightful Solicitude in the behalf of the Kingdom of God. 1855 Singleton Virgil II. 75 Thou also, O most holy prophetess Foresightful of futurity. 1889 F. Hall in Natio?i (N. Y.) XLVIII. 3851/1 A. .well-informed, and, for the most part, foresightful writer. Foresightless io-'-jssitles), a. [f. as prec. + -less.] Without foresight. Implied in Fo re- sightlessness, the condition of being without foresight. 1880 G. Macdonald Diary Old Soul 28 Mar., Lost in oblivion and foresightlessness. Fore-sign: see Fore- pref. 4. Foresignification, rare [f. Fore -pref + Signification.] A signification in advance of some future event; a premonition. 1592 tr. Junius on Rev. viii. 1 The seventh seale is the next foresignification. Foresignify (fowsrgnifsi), v. [f. Fore- pref. + Signify zt.] trans. To signify beforehand, a. To betoken beforehand, prefigure, typify. *565 Jewel Repl. Harding { 1611)348 In the Sacrament it selfe there is a thing foresignified. 1613-18 Daniel Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 57 An exceeding great Ecclipse of the Sun..was taken to fore-signifie his death. 1697 Dryden Virgil Life (1721) I. 63 He hardly ever describes the rising of the Sun, but with some Circumstance, which fore-signifies the Fortune of the Day. i860 Pusey Min. Proph. 559 That symbolic Blood, by which, foresignifying the new Covenant, He made them His own people. + b. To intimate beforehand, foretell. With simple obj. or with object sentence. Obs. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxii. § 8 Christ had foresignified, that, .his absence would soone make them apt to fast. 1614 Raleigh Hist. Worldy. vi.§3 His death..was foresignified vnto Perseus, by Calligenes. 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 701 [Spectres] sometimes do fore-signifie unto men future events. 1695 Bp. Patrick Comm. Gen. 271 God hereby fore-signified their Sins should be expiated by Sacrifices. Hence Foresignifying vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 1592 tr. Junius on Rev. vi. 1 The foresignifying .. of all the evils which God powreth out upon this world, i860 Pusey Min. Proph. 285 Jonah .. wore a foresignifying character. Fore-sin, -sing: see Fore- pref. 2 a and 4. Foreskin (fovjskin). [f. Fore- pref. + Skin $i.] The prepuce. 1535 Coverdale Exod. iv. 25 Then toke Zipora a stone, and circumcyded the foreskynne of hir sonne. 1643 Milton Divorce 11. vi. (1851) 77 Not sparing the tender fore-skin of any male infant. 1712 Swift Wonderful Proph. Wks. 1755 111.1.174 The Free-thinkers.. shall be converted to Judaism : and the Sultan shall receive the foreskins of Toland and Collins. 1804 Abernethy Surg. Obs. 167 Sometimes .. the disease shifts its ground and attacks the foreskin. 1868 Chambers' Encycl. III. 50 The cutting off the foreskin, .[is] a rite widely diffused among ancient and modern nations. fig. X535 Coverdale Jer. iv. 4 Be circumcided in the Lorde, and cut awaye the foreskynne of youre hertes. Fore-skirt: see Fore -pref. 3. Foreslack: see Forslack. Foresleeve (fb°u l sl?v). [f. Fore- pref. + Sleeve.] a. The fore part of a sleeve, f b. (See quot. 1538.) ( obs .). f C. A loose ornamental sleeve formerly worn over the ordinary sleeve (obs.). d. That part of a dress-sleeve which covers the fore-arm. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. v. 81 Of a freres frokke were the forsleues. c 1523 htv. Goods Dame Hungerford in A rchgeo- logia (i860) XXXVIII. 372 Item, a doblet of blake satten, the forsleves and the plagarde of tyncell. 1338 Elyot Diet.. C ubitale, a forsleue of a garmente, whiche keuereth the arme from the elbowe dotvnwarde. 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. VIII (an. 12) 83 Ruffed sieves with foresieves pendant. 1649 Bury Wills (1850) 221, I give to my sister Fuller my, .paire of foresleeues. 1892 Daily Nesvs 29 July 3/3 A collar, sash, and foresleeves to match carried out the scheme of colour. Foreslow : see Forslow. Fore-smell, -smock, etc. : see Fore- pref. Foresold (foarso ll 'ld), //A. Comm. [f. Fore- pref. + sold pa. pple. of Sell v.] Of a manufac¬ turer, etc. : That has sold goods not yet produced. 1883 Scotsman 9 May 8 Makers are heavily foresold, and prices are very firm. Forespar : see Fore- pref. 5. Forespeak (fo833 J- Holland ManuJ. Metal II. 208 Supported by the standard or forestay, are two grooved rods. 1888 Jacobi Printers Foe., Forestay of press, the leg which supports the frame or ribs of a hand-press. Forested (forested), ppl. a. [f. Forest sb. or v. + -ed.] a. Converted into forest, rare. b. Fur¬ nished or abounding with forest, covered with large trees, thickly wooded. a. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. ii. 27 Whereby shee. .became first forrested. 1885 Pall Mall G. 11 Mar. 4/2 On forested ground the gillies usually put their feet in a grouse nest, when found. b. 1796 A. Averell Diary in Mem. vii. (1848) 149 The finely forested park of Lord Kenmare. 1859 Cornwallis New World I. 104 The dark forested ridges. 1884 Harper s Flag. May 882/2 The. .district is heavily forested. transf 1863 J. A. Symonds in Biog. (1895) I. 278 The whole descent, forested with spires, was seen naked beneath us. Fore-steep, -step : see Fore -pref. 2 a and 5. Forester (fp’restai). Forms : 4-7 forster(e, (5 Sc. forestar, 6forstar), 7-8 forrester, 3- for¬ ester. Also Foster, [ad. OF. and Fr. forestter, f. OF .forest Forest.] 1. An officer having charge of a forest (see quot. 1598 ); also, one who looks after the growing timber on an estate, *p Forester in or of fee : one who holds his office in fee: see Fee sb.' 2 - 4 a. In poetical and romantic use sometimes a huntsman. 1297 R- Glouc. (1724) 499 Ne that bailif, ne forester. c 1320 Sir Tristr. 496 pe forster for his ri3tes pe left schulder 3af he. 1458 Tomb in Newland Ch. (co. Glouc.), Here lythe Jun Wyrall forester of fee. c 1460 Fortescue^&s. $ Lim. Mon. (1714) 124 Sum Forester of the Kyngs. 1523 Skelton Garl. Laurel 27 Faire fall that forster that so well can bate his hownde. 1598 M anvvood Lawes Forest xxi. § 4 (1615) 200-1 A Forester is an officier of a forest of the King (or of an other man) that is sworne to preserue the Vert and Venison of the same forest, and to attend vpon the wild beasts within his Bailiwick, and to attach offendors there.. and the same to present at the courts of the same forest. 1607 Cowel Interpr. s.v. Forester, Some haue this graunt to them and their heires and thereby are called Foristers or Fosters in fee. 1646 G. Daniel Poems Wks. 1878 I. 67 This wounded Heart. .Who whilome was the fairest Beast impal’d, The fforsters cheife delight. 1735 Somerville Chase iii. 224 The painful Forrester Climbs the high Hills. 1809 Campbell O'Connor s Child viii, Come with thy belted fores- tere. 1843 James Forest Days iv, He rode straight towards the foresters. b. Forester of the King of France-, an early title of the governor of Flanders. . 1387 T revisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 379 Flaundres .. was i-ruled by pe kynges forsters. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vi. clxvi. 161 The ruler there of [Flanders] was callyd the forester of the kynge of Fraunce. t 2. One versed in forest-craft. Obs. c 1645 Howell Lett. (1688) IV. 455 You are cryed up, my Lord, to be an excellent Horseman, Huntsman, Forester. 3. One who lives in a forest. 1513 Douglas /Ends vii. ix. 15 Quhilk thyng..first steryt the wild forstaris fell To move debait, or mak thame for battell. 1664 Evelyn Sylva xxxii. Parsenesis § 3. 112 Foresters and Bordurers, are not generally so civil, and reasonable, as might be wished. 1807 Wordsw. White Doe Rylstone v, Above the loftiest ridge .. Where foresters and shepherds dwell. 1821 Dwight Trav. II. 459 A consider¬ able part of those, who begin the cultivation of the wilder¬ ness, may be denominated foresters, or Pioneers. b. A bird or beast of the forest; spec, one of the rough ponies bred in the New Forest. In Australian use, the great kangaroo ( Macropus giganteus). 1630 Davenant Just Italian v. Dram. Wks. 1872 I. 274 Each feather’d forester roosts in my beard. 1713 J. Warder True Amazons 58 The Queen doth so far surpass her Sub¬ jects in Shape and Beauty, as the finest Horse that ever ran on Banstead Downs, doth the most common Forrester. 1782 Cowper Prog. Err. 362 Without discipline the favourite child, Like a neglected forester, runs wild. 1795 Southey Joan of Arc vm. 281 He loved to see the dappled foresters Browze fearless on their lair. 1826 Disraeli / iv. Grey vi. ii. 294 Vivian took his horse, an old forester, across it with ease. 1832 Bischoff Fan Diemen's Land ii. 27 There are three or four varieties of kangaroos; those most common are denominated the forester and brush kangaroo. 1890 Boldre- wood Miner's Right x ix. 181 A brace of stray ‘foresters’ from the adjacent ranges. c. A popular name of several moths of the family Zygsenidx. 1819 G. Samouelle Entomol. Compcnd. 245 I no Statices (forester). 1867 Stainton Brit. Butterflies $ Moths 33 The Foresters and Burnets frequent dry grassy slopes. d. = forest-tree. X664 Evelyn Kal. Hort . (1729) 224 You may transplant not only any Fruit Trees, but remove also any of the FORESTFUL. 445 FORETHOUGHT. Foresters. 1664 — Sglva (1776) 38 Foresters, which only require diligent weeding and frequent cleansing till they are able to shift for themselves. 1840 Poe Gold Bug Wks. 1864 I. 63 The tulip-tree .. the most magnificent of American foresters. 1893 lllustr. Sport. <5* Dram. News 22 July 751/3 A few fruit trees, and a few more arborescent foresters. 4. A member of the ‘ friendly society ’ known as the * Ancient Order of Foresters \ 1851 Mayhew Loud. Lab. II. 178 There are numerous benefit-clubs made up of working men of every description, such as Old Friends, Odd Fellows, Foresters [etc.]. 1875 Brabrook in Jml. Statist. Soc. June 187 The Ancient Order of Foresters which has now. .276 districts [etc.] 5. Comb. forester oats (see quot.) ; forester sphinx (see quot. 1867). 1794 Hutchinson Hist. Cumberland I. 166 note, The tenants, .pay forester oats, .these oats were a duty paid to the forester [of Inglewood]. 1867 Stainton Brit. Butter¬ flies <$• Moths 123 Procris statices , the Forester Sphinx. Hence Fo restership, the office of forester. a 1634 Coke On Litt. iv. lxxiii. (1648) 310 The Forestership is become void. 1886 Athenaeum 20 Nov. 672/3 It is now announced that he [Chaucer] held the forestership of North Petherton. Forestful (fp'restful). [f. Forest sb, + -ful.] As much or as many as a forest will hold. 1832 Frasers Mag. IV. 745 The roaring of a forest-full of shaggy monarchs. 1886 in Advance (Chicago) 30 Sept., The ladies wear whole forestfuls of birds on their bonnets. Forestial (fj?re-stial), a. [f. as prec. + -ial.] Of or pertaining to the forest. 1696 Brookhouse Temple Opened 55 The Temporal Power is the Forrest, w h encloses the Fruitful Field of the Church .. Christ presides over the Forrestial Kingdoms. 1840 Blackiu. Mag. XLVIII. 320 One of the royal forestial demesnes of merry England. + Fore stic, a. Obs .— 1 [f. as prec. + -ic.] = prec. 1650 R. Gentilis tr. Malvezzis Consid. 181 The people of Rome .. feared he would lose the beauty of his forestick horridnesse, by meanes of manuring. t Fore'stical, a. Obs .— 1 [f. prec. + -al] =prec. 1659 M. James Best Fee-simple 21 A Country, in respect of the Sandy and Forestical part, affording such variety of pleasures. Fore-stick (fo8-j|Stik). U.S. [f. Fore- pnf.\ The front stick lying on the andirons in a wood fire. 1872 O. W. Holmes Poet Breakf.-t. i. (1885) 26 The fore¬ stick and back-log of ancient days. 1878 Mrs. Stowe Pogauuc P. ix. 71 Backlog and forestick were soon piled. Forestine (ff restin, -sin), a. [f. Fobest sb. + -ine.] Of or pertaining to forests. 1881 G. Allen Evolutionist at Large 166 Much more for¬ midable forestine rodents. 1883 — in Longm. Mag. III. 288 We have only to suppose such a reptile to acquire forest¬ ine habits. Forestish (fjrrestif), a. [f. Forest sb. + -ish.] Somewhat resembling a forest. 1815 Simond Jml. Tour Gt. Brit. II. 223 The country., begins to look forestish. Forestless (fp’restles), a. [f. Forest sb. + -less.] Devoid of forests, unwooded. 1884 A mericati IX. 183 A forestless area of grass. 1885 tr. Hehns Wand. Plants <$• Anim. 228 A substitute for fire¬ wood in the forestless south. Fore-stone, -store: see Fore- pref. 5 , 5 b. t Foresto’p, v. Obs. [f. Fore- pref. + Stopz>.] a. trans. To stop up in front. b. intr. or absol. To put in a stay or support for earth in advance of the work. Hence Fore-stopping vbl. sb. ; in quot. cotter. 1566 Drant Wail. Hierem. Kvb, He [God] hath fore- stopde my pathes with stone. 1747 Hooson Miners Diet. I ij, To Forestop with Polings driven down with care. Ibid., It may be put in without disturbing the fore-stoping. + Fo*restress. Obs. [f. Forester + -ess.] A female forester ; a lady fond of hunting. 1513 Douglas /Eneis ix. xi. 23 Alcanor.. Quham Hybera, the wild foresteres knaw. 1647 R. Stapylton Juvenal 272 Diana the fair forrestresse. 1650 — Strada's Low C. Warres 1. 21 The Governess was much delighted in .. Hunting, whereupon they, .called her the Forestress. t Fo re-stroke. Obs. [f. Fore- pref.'] A for¬ ward stroke (in bell-ringing and in sword-play). 1674 N; Fairfax Bulk Selv. 96 If the forestroke give us but a little tick, the backstroke will be sure to give him a knocker. 1684 R. H. School Recreat. 86 So must they successively strike one after another, both Forestroke and Backstroke, in a due Musical Time. 1688 Bunyan Jems. Sinner Saved (1886) 64 God’s word hath two edges; it can cut back-stroke and fore-stroke. 1779 Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 237 He..draws his sword, with which,.fore stroke and back stroke, he cleaves the air. attrib. 1726 Amherst Terrx Fil. xiv. 72 'Tis such fore¬ stroke and back-stroke play. Forestry (fjerrestri). [ad. OF. foresterie, f. forest Forest ; or f. Forest sb. + -RY. In sense 4 f. Forest(e)r+ -Y.] 1. Sc. Law. The privileges of a royal forest, b. An estate to which this privilege is attached. 1693 Visct. Stair Instit. Law Scot. 11. in. § 67. 235 The King having, .granted a Forrestry to the Laird of Fascally. 1751 Ld. Bankton Instit. Laws Scot. I. 11. iii. 573 The lands must be erected into a free forrestry. a 1763 Erskine Inst. Law Scot. 11. vi. § 14 Lands erected by the crown with the right of forestry had all the privileges of a King's forest. 1872 Bells Princ. Law Scot. (ed. Guthrie) § 753 The right of forestry is not conferred by erection into a barony. 2. Wooded country; a vast extent of trees. 1823 Byron Juan x. lxxxii, Lost amidst the forestry Of masts. 1865 .HomingStar 20 May, Let this amphitheatre be filled with a forestry of genealogical trees. 1879 Brown¬ ing Ivan Ivanovitch 19 Through forestry right and left. 3 . The science and art of forming and cultivating forests, management of growing timber. 1859 T ennent Ceylon II. vn. v. 211 A knowledge of., forestry, pharmacy, and toxicology have each been de¬ manded. i88x Horne Fiji 137 A person with a fair know¬ ledge of forestry. attrib. 1881 Atlantic Monthly XLVII. 166 Forestry, fishery, and farm products. 1885 Manch. Exam. 28 Jan. 5/5 Mr. Gladstone, .has been engaged in forestry operations. 4 . The principles and organization of the ‘ An¬ cient Order of Foresters \ 1861 Morning Star 21 Aug. 3 It is. .about 30 years since forestry, in its present development, took its rise. Fore-study, etc.: see Your- pref. 2 a. tFo resty, ct. Obs. [f. Forest + -y*.] Forest¬ like, covered with forests or woods. 1622 Drayton Poly-olb. xxii. (1748) 341 When this whole country’s face was foresty. a 1661 Fuller Worthies 11. (1662) 17 This Forrestie-Ground. Foret, obs. form of Ferret sb .1 and 2 . Fore-tack (fo^uteek). Naut . [f. Fore- pref + Tack sb.] The rope by which the Aveather corner of the fore-sail is kept in place. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. 1. 16 Aboard Main-Tack, aboard Fore-tack, a Lee theHelmne. 1790 Beatson Nav. 4 Mil. Mem. II. 62 His foretack and all his braces being cut at the same time. 1859 M. Scott Toni Cringle's Log xv. 368 He. .got the fore tack on board again. Fore-tackle, -tail: see Fore- pref. 3, 3d. t Foreta ke, v. Obs. [f. Fore- pref + Take v.] trans. To take beforehand : a. to anticipate ; b. to assume beforehand, presuppose. 1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. 11. xvi. 113 Mans wit .. now and then preventeth and foretaketh the conclusion. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk <$■ Selv. 144 The places and bodies mov’d in them, are fore-taken to be altogether without parts. Hence Foreta’ken ppl. a ., previously taken or adopted; Foretaking vbl. sb., the action of the vb. ; also, previous capture. 1563-87 Foxe A. <$• M. (1596) 1090/2, I. .declared what was happened, .of maister Garrets escape. He was glad, for he knewe of his foretaking. 1580 Sidney Arcadia (1622) 407 Yet remained there such footsteps of the foretaken opinion. 1590 Swinburne Testaments 15 There were foure seuerall kindes of legacies .. by challenge, by condemnation, by suffering, by foretaking [perprseceptionem ]. 1618 Latham 2nd Bk. Falconry (1633) 8 Present cold, and foretaken or former heat, a 1627 Hayward Four Y. Eliz. (Camden) 9 De¬ siring them.. that they would lay aside all foretaken conceits. Fo'retalk, sb. rare. [f. Fore- + Talk j/>.] A preliminary talk or speech, introduction, preface. 1565 Jewel Kept. Harding Pref. (1611) 7 Your foretalke, which is before the shewing of your Booke. 1879 Furni- vall Rep. E. E. T.S. 9 Prof. Skeat has written an interest¬ ing foretalk to it. So Foretalking vbl. sb. 1872 Furnivall 3rd Rep. Chaucer Soc. 12, I propose to keep this name of Chaucer’s own [Preamble] for these fore- talkings of his fellows. Fore-talon: see Fore- pref. 3 c. Foretaste (fo®U|t£ist), sb. [f. Fore- pref. + Taste sb.] A taste beforehand; an anticipation, partial enjoyment in advance. 1435 Misyn Fire of Love 11. vii. 86 It is trowde of euerlast- ynge swetnes a fortaste. c 1450 tr. De Imitatione iii. vii, It is. .a maner of fortaste of he heuenly cuntre. 1604 Bilson Sumey Table s.v. Hell, The foretast of iudgement in Hell. a 1716 South Semi. Wks. 1737 I. 37 It is the fore-taste of heaven, and the earnest of eternity. 1838 Thirlwall Greece III. xix. 123 This foretaste of the evils of war did not damp the general ardour. 1880 Dixon Windsor III. xxv. 248 The monster, .trembled with a foretaste of the stake. Foretaste (foa-iit^-st), v. Also 5 fortaste. [f. Fore- pref. + Taste vi\ 1 . trans. To taste beforehand, have a foretaste of. c 1450 tr. De Imitatione iii. xviii, Felicite .. suche as gode true cristen men abidin, & spiritual men fortastih- 1526 [see the vbl. j£.]. a 1711 Kf.n Preparatives Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 92 Saints thus Celestial Joys fore-taste. 1834 Good Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 395 The Epicureans, .fore¬ tasting the spirit of the Lavoisierian system, .contended that it [heatl was a substance sui generis. 2 . ‘To taste before another’ (J.). 1667 [see Foretasted ppl. a.]. Hence Foretasted ppl. a. ; Foretasting vbl. sb. and ppl. a. Also Foretaster. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 280 b, The foretastynges of y 15 glory of heuen. 1632 Sherwood, A foretaster, preguste. 1667 Milton P. L. ix. 929 Foretasted Fruit Profan’d first by the Serpent, a 1711 Ken Hymns Evang. Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 74 Give me. .Of heav’nly Joys a sweet foretasting view. + Foretea ch, V. Obs. rare. [f. Fore- pref. + Teach v.] trans. To teach beforehand. 1591 Greene Farewell to F'olly Wks. (Grosart) IX. 245 Eua. .following nothing but what hir husbande foreshewed and foretaught hir. 1661 Boyle Style of Script. (1675) 126 Those few duties which nature herself hath foretaught us. Hence Foretaught ppl. a., previously taught. 1534 More On the Passion Wks. 1346/2 Theyr foretaught and fro tyme to tyme kept and continued faith. 1563 Mirr. Mag., Blacksmith xxxvi, Whose foretaught wyt of treason knoweth the payne. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. vii. 18 The sacred thinges, and holy heastes foretaught. + Fo'reteam. Obs.~ l [f. Fobe- pref. + Team sb., misused in the sense of L. temoi] The front part of the pole of a chariot. a 1611 Chapman Iliad xvi. 350 Their chariots in their foreteams [ev npwTU) popy] broke. Fore-teeth: see Fore-tooth. Foretell (footed), v. Also 3 fortell, 7-9 fore- tel. [f. Fore- pref. + Tell v.] 1 . trans. To tell of (an event, etc.) beforehand ; to predict, prophesy. a 1300 Cursor M. 9265 (Cott.) Crist was for-tald wit pro- pheci. 1639 A. Wheelocke in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 158 Augustine fore-tould and threatned theire death. 1727 De Foe Syst. Magic 1. ii. (1840) 42 These Magi .. foretold things to come, or, at least, made the people believe so. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. iv. § 15 He foretells to them, that .. in half an Hour they shall meet Men or Cattle. 1837 Whewell Hist. Induct. Sc. (1857) E 22 5 To whom the astrologers had foretold glorious old age. 1869 Lecky Europ. Mor. II. i. 2 The object of the Pagan systems was to foretell the future. b. Of things : To give notice of beforehand, in¬ dicate the approach of, foreshow. >593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, 11. i. 43 Thou, whose heauie Lookes fore-tell Some dreadfull story hanging on thy Tongue. 1672 Sir W. Petty Pol. Anat. (1691) 50 There is the Instrument to measure and foretel Frost and Snow. 1753 J. Warton Virgil (T.), These ills prophetic signs have oft foretold. 1862 Ansted Channel Isl. 1. vii. (ed. 2) 144 A signal station, to foretel storms. f 2 . To tell (i. e. either inform or enjoin) before¬ hand. With sb. or clause as second obj. (See Tell). Obs . a 1300 Cursor M. 14552 (Cott.) J>i s was hi him he J>aim for-tald Thoru quam he wist he suld be said. 1581 Lam- barde Eiren. 11. v. (1602)168 If the maister. .take his vsuall seruants with him, not foretelling them what hee intendeth to doe. 1590 Greene Mourn. Garni. (1616) 58 Had I beleeued what 1 was foretold. 1610 Shaks. Temp. iv. i. 149 These our actors, (As I foretold you) were all Spirits. 1631 Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 209 Ilauing beene prophetically foretold that hee should die in Ierusalem. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 36 Forkers are to be foretolde that they give upp goode forkefulls. a 1679 Hobbes Rhet. iii. xiii. 120 A Man is free to fore-tell, or not, what points he will insist upon, f 3 . intr. To utter prediction of, prophesy of. a 1300 Cursor M. 9858 (Cott.) pis barn pat ysai of fortald. 1557 N. T. (Genev.) Acts iii. 24 Al the Prophetes haue fore tolde of these dayes. 1667 Milton P. L. xii. 242 To in¬ troduce One greater, of whose day he shall foretell. lienee Forete lling vbl. sb., prediction, prophecy. Foretelling ppl. a ., that foretells. Also Fore¬ teller, one who or that which foretells. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasnt. Par. Lukexx ii. 176a, Ofwhome the foretellynges of the prophetes doe make mencion. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Pronostiqueur, a foreteller, a deuine which telleth thing to come._ 41640 W. Fenner Sacr. Faithfull (1648) 201 If a man lie sicke, and they see death in his face, they call it the foretelling signe. 41716 South Semi. (1737) VI. x. 357 Buds and blossoms are the foretellers of fruit. 1826 Miss Mitford Village Ser. 11. (1863) 439 The genuine gipsy tact with which she adapted her foretellings to the age [etc.] .. of her clients. 1879 Farrar St. Paul (1883) 252 There was scarcely a Roman family that did not keep or consult its own foreteller of the future. Fore-tenant: see Fore- pref. 4. Forethink (fo®i]>ri)k). Also for-. [OE .fore- P$nc{e)an, f. Fore- pref. +p%nc{e)an to Think.] + 1 . traits. To consider or think out beforehand, contrive, plan. Obs. c 897 K. Alfred Gregory's Past. xv. § 5. 95 Se lareow sceal..foreSencean. .Saet he nane fenga feet ryht to sui< 5 e.. ne bodige. a 1300 Cursor M.. 845 (Cott.) Our lauerd had ranscond [man] On suilk a wis, als he for-thoght. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 11. civ. (1869) 141 Ther is no time no thing wel doon. .but it be forthouht bi my wit.. i 5 I 3 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 759 He long time in king Edwardes life, forethought to be king. 1587 Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1394/1 If he .. did now forethink the treason. 1715 Rowe Lady Jane Gray iii. My brain fore¬ thought And fashion’d every action of my life. absol. 1634 Ford P. Warbeck iv. iv, You’re men know how to do, not to forethink. 2 . To think of or contemplate beforehand ; to anticipate in the mind, to presage (evil). Now rare. 1547-64 Bauldwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) 106 Humility & gentlenes will rather of a friend hope the best, then fore- thinke the worst. 1627 P. Fletcher Locusts iv. xxxvi, Oh how my dauncing heart leapes in my breast But to fore-thinke that noble tragedie. 1724 R. Welton 28 Disc. 20 It [is] very unaccountable for a man so little to fore¬ think what will shortly befall him. 1890 Illustr. Lond. News 4 Oct. 426/2 Each forethinks, as the full cups circle, how well he may take his next meal in Paradise. + 3 . intr. To think beforehand of. Obs. 1587 Greene Euphues his Censure Wks. (Grosart) VI. 248 Age and time .. men may forethink of, but not preuent. 1657 J. Smith Myst. Rhet. 62 Thou dost not forethink of the difficulty. 1701 J. Norris Ideal World 1. ii. 27 He could not make it without forethinking of it. Hence Forethrnking vbl. sb., forethought; also, f a contrivance, plot. Forethrnking ppl. a. Also Forethi’nker, one who forethinks. 1632 [I. L.] Womens Rights 352 Felonies .. forethinkings, and all that is against the Kings peace. 1709 Strype Ann. Ref. I. xxxi. 360 Concerning which, conscientious and fore¬ thinking Men had very Melancholy Thoughts. 1846 Grote Greece 1. iii. I. 102 Prometheus and Epimetheus the fore¬ thinker and the after-thinker. 1874 M. Collins Frances I. 182 Hope is the fire that the Forethinker stole. Forethought sb. [f. Fore- pref. + Thought •?/>.] 1 . a. A thinking out or contriving beforehand. (Crime, evil, etc.) of forethought, premeditated. <11300 Cursor M. 27661 (Cott.) O nith cums bitternes o thoght.. wit wicked for-thoght And conspiraciun. 169a FORETHOUGHT. 446 FOREVER. R. L’Estrange Fables c cccxcix, He .. is equally Undone, whether it be by a Spitefulness of Forethought, or by the Folly of Oversight. 1788 Burke Sp. agst. IF. Hastings Wks. XIII. 12 We urge no crimes, that were not crimes of forethought. 1853 Whittier My Namesake xix, His good was mainly an intent, His evil not of forethought done. b. Previous thought or consideration ; anticipa¬ tion; also, a thought beforehand. a 1300 Cursor M. zb'jz'j (Cott.) Scrift agh be made wit god for-thoght. c 1440 Jacob's Well (E. E. T. S.) 172 Jif becon- tricyoun for \>i synne haue a forthowjt, & be pryue to god alone. 1539 Taverner Erasm. Prov. (1552) 3 Better is one forethought than two after. 1626 Dk. Buckhm. in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) P 378 The Earl, .nominated the Duke to be his Successor, without the Dukes privity or fore-thought of it. 1650-3 tr. Hales' Dissert, de Pace in Phenix (1708) II. 366 These shall .. be discarded from the Forethought.. of eternal Joy. 1863 Geo. Eliot Romola n. viii, The title which she had never given him before came to her lips with¬ out forethought. t 2 . A pi e-conceived idea or design, an anticipa¬ tion or forecast. Obs. a 1400 in Leg. Rood 145 Alle fe werkes fat I haue wrouht Weore founden in b e ffaderes fore-)?ouht. c 1440 York Myst. ii. 74 pis materis more 3itt will I mertde, so for to fulfill my for-thoght. 1729 Shelvocke Artillery iv. 217 All these things were only so many Forethoughts of our Hand-Grenado’s. 3 . Thought for the future, provident care. 1719 De Foe Crusoe \. 300 True Seamen are, perhaps, the least of all Mankind given to Fore-thought. 1766 Black- stone Comm. II. 11. xi. 172 Formal deeds .. are presumed to be made with great caution, fore-thought, and advice. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 283 Just so much forethought as is necessary to provide for the morrow. Hence Forethoughtedtz., marked by forethought. 1816 L. Hunt Rimini 111. 60 Fore-thoughted chess, and riddle rarely missed. Forethought (foa jfgt), ppl. a. [pa. pple. of Forethink v.] 1 . Thought out or contrived beforehand; pre¬ meditated ; esp. in Law, forethought felony, (of with,upon) malice forethought. Cf. Aforethought. c 1425 Wvn'toun Cron. VII. ix. 502 Quhejnr it wes of reklesnes Or it of forthoucht Felny wes. c 1540 ill Fisher's Wks., Life p. liv, He began, .to speake of his forethought divorse with Queene Catherin. 1628 Coke On Litt. 287 b, Murder is when one is slaine..with malice prepensed or forethought. 1662 Hickeringill Wks. (1716) I. 307 What Rebels shall be hereafter, must needs be so upon malice fore-thought. 1732 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 103 The Pannel. .by Premeditation and forethought Felony .. wounded the deceas'd. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xx, A deed of foul and fore-thought murder. + 2 . Anticipated. Obs. 1666 Spurstowe Spir. Chym. (1668) 108 The stroke of a forethought evil is more gentle and soft than if it were wholly unexpected. Forethoughtful (foufp-tful), a. [f. Fore¬ thought .sA + -ful.] Full of or having forethought; thoughtful for the future, provident. 1809-10 Coleridge Friend (1818) III. 205 The 1 prudens quaestio ’ (the forethoughtful query). 1853 Lytton Harold x. vi. (ed. 3) 240 That it is which, free and fore-thoughtful [ed. 1 (1848) prethoughtful] of every chance, ye should now decide. 1876 G. Meredith Beauch. Career II. iii. 48 Neither of them had a forethoughtful head for the land at large. Hence Poretbou ghtfully adv .; Poretliou’ght- fulness. 1647 J- Trapp Comm. Matt. vi. 34 Let us .. not, by too much fore-thoughtfulnesse, .. suffer fained or future evils before they seize upon us. 1874 Dykes Relat. Kingdom 71 That moral forethoughtfulness by which existence is both sustained and adorned. 1891 G. Meredith One 0/ our Conq. III. v. 84 He made his way forethoughtfully to the glass-sheltered seats. Forethreaten, -thrift, etc.: see Fore- pref. Foretime foo'itaim), sb. and adv. [f. Fore- pref. + Time sbi] Former time; a former time. + a. In advb. phrase, Inforetime(s = Aforetime(s. C1540 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) I. 98 If there were in foretimes enie hatred on their partes towards the Romaines. 1610 Holland Camden's Brit. 1. 507 It was called in foretime Norton Dany. to. The time gone by, the past; also, the early days (of a city or state). 1853 Grote Greece ii. lxxxvii. XI. 380 That conception of Athens in her foretime which he [Thucydides] is perpetually impressing on his countrymen. 1868 Gladstone Juv. Mundi v. (1869) 124 The single great Achaian voyage of the traditionary fore-time, that of the ship Argo to the Euxine. c. attrib. (quasi-atff.) 1894 F. S. Ellis Reynard 116 He who thought the world to win, His foretime poverty was in. 1896 C. Harrison in Doily News 8 Jan. 6/3 For though You now have passed away from us The foretime Dedication still holds good. ■fB. adv. = Aforetime. Obs.— 1 c 159° Greene Fr. Bacon ix. 128 Lest thou dost lose what foretime thou didst gain. Foretimed (fo-utai-md), ppl. a. [f. Foue- pref. + Timed.] Assigned to a too early time or date; antedated. 1832 Southey in Q. Rev. XLVII. 507 As Hampden had not reached that stage of the reformer’s progress, it [this language] appears to have been fore-timed. Foretitle: see Fore- pref. 5 b. Foretoken (foouttfuk’n), sb. Also 6 A. cor¬ ruptly foreta(i)king. [OE. foretden ( = OHG. forazeichan), f. Fore- pref. + tacn, Token.] A pre¬ monitory token; a prognostic. c 888 K. /Elfred Boeth. xl. § 2 Hit sie foretacn ecra goda. c xi75 Lamb. Horn. 87 And wes ise^en godes fortacne uppon ane dune, c 1250 Gen. fy Ex. 2994 Dis fortoken godes gastes is. a 1300 E. E. Psalter lxxvii. 43 He set. .his for-taknes in felde of Than. 1393 Gower Conf. I. 137 To him a fore- tokne [MS. aforetokne] he sende. 1562 WinJet Cert. Tract. Wks. 1888 I. 24 Ane gret portent and foretaiking of ignorance. 1580 Ord. of Prayer in Liturg. Ser7>. Q. Eliz. (1847) 571 We find not that any such foretoken happened against the coming of this earthquake. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 523 There are in Swine many presages and foretokens of foul weather. 1713 R. Nelson Life Bp. Bulllv. (1714) 304 A foretoken of his future Incarnation. 1834 Good Study Med. (ed. 4) III. 340 The foretoken has always been found to be true. 1858 Torrey Neander's C/i. Hist. IX. 11. 568 The foretokens of a thoroughly antichristian tendency. Foretoken (fos-itdu'k’n), v. [f. prec. sb. OE. had foretdenian in same sense.] trans. To be a foretoken of; to indicate or betoken beforehand. 1598 Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. xv. viii. (1622)232 There hapned. .a dolefull chance, but yet. .foretokening good luck. a 1661 Fuller Worthies ( 1840) III. 312 The northern [water¬ fall] sounding clear and loud, fore-tokeneth fair weather. 1817 Coleridge Biog. Lit. 300 The evidence, .foretokening that.. the graces propounded to us in Christ are what he needs. 1867 R. Palmer Life Philip Hoivard 150 Mutter- ings. .which, .foretokened the greatest evils. Hence Foretokening vbl. sb. a 1300 E. E. Psalter lxx[i]. 7 Made am I als for-takeninge [Vulg. tanquam prodigiuni\ Unto mani. 1600 Holland Livy vi. 245 The Dictatour. .hath given a good foretokening and presage of a consull Commoner. 1853 J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. (1876) II. 1. vii. 128 Such general foretokenings are borne out. .in the Vandalic conquest of Africa. Foretold (fooit^-ld), ppl . a. [pa. pple. of Foretell v.] fa. Before mentioned (obs.'). b. Predicted. _ ^1300 Cursor M. 21169 (Cott.) Efter riht-wis fortald iacob O iurselem he was biscop. 1589 Nashe Anat. Absurd. B iv, He thinketh this is the foretold Earthquake. 1661 Boyle Style of Script. (1675) 37 That those .. should know the foretold events, before they do come to pass. Fore-tooth (fo»U|t?? 3 ). [f. Fore- pref. + Tooth.] I . One of the front teeth, rare in sing. c 1000 ./Elfric Gloss, in Wr.-Wiilcker 157 Praecisores , foreteS. la 1400 Morte Arth. 1089 With. .J?e flesche in his fortethe fowly as a here, c 1440 Bone Flor. 1609 Hys for tethe owte he spytt. 1581 Lambarde Eiren. iv. iv. (1588) 425 By .. beating out his foreteeth. 1661 Pepys Diary 8 May, My wife, .had a foretooth drawn out to-day. 1754 Richardson Graiuiison (1781) V. xxi. 121 Our Aunt Nell has lost two more of her upper fore-teeth. 1834 Landor Imag . Conv. Wks. 1846 II. 240 One..had lost..many fore¬ teeth by a cudgel. + 2 . Only in pi. The first or milk-teeth. Obs. 1601 Holland Pliny vii. xvi. 164 Children breed their fore-teeth in the seventh moneth after they are borne. 1651 Wittie tr. Primrose's Pop. Err. in. 187 Nature doth then give unto children their foreteeth, when they have need of solid meat. Foretop (foout^p). Also for-, [f. Fore- + Top.] II . The fore part of the crown of the head; sometimes, loosely, the top of the head. Obs. 1382 Wyclif Deut. xxxiii. 20 As a lioun he restide, & he took arme and fortop [L. vcrticeni\. 1387 Trevisa Higdcn (Rolls) IV. 217 Heer faillede on his moolde and on his fortop. C1430 Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 115 He felle and brake hys fore tope Apon the bare growend. a 1529 Skelton Col. Cloute 533 When the good ale sop Dothe daunce in theyr fore top. 1675 J. Smith Chr. Relig. Appeal Pref. 1 The Abantes. .were wont to shave their foretops and chins, c 1774 T. Erskine in Spirit Pub. Jrnls. (1800) III. 321 Puppies of France, with unrelenting paws That scrape the foretops of our aching heads. 1779-81 Johnson L. P., Milton Wks. II. 139 His hair, .parted at the foretop. fig. 1654 Gataker Disc. Apol. 12 This charge, .appeering with an apparent lie in the foretop. + 2 . The lock of hair which grows upon the fore part of the crown, or is arranged ornamentally on the forehead; the similar part of a wig. Obs. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 317/625 pe Rym-forst .. cleouez on hegges .. I-chot wel, on mi fore-top it hauez wel ofte i-do. ? a 1400 Morte Arth. 1078 His fax and his foretoppe was filterede to-geders. 1599 Marston Sco. Villanie in. xi. 228 Hauing knit the brow, Stroke vp his fore-top. 1603 H. Crosse Vertues Commw. (1878) 76 Poking stickes, perriwigs, embroided fore-tops. 1667 Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 385 Her Majesty in the same habit, her fore-top long and turned aside very strangely. 1703 Mrs. Centlivre Beau's Duel iv. i, I believe you have got the fore-top of some Beau's Wig. 1712 Hearne Collect . (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 331 Henry Prince of Wales in his own short Hair, with his foretop standing up. 1772 Nugent Hist. Friar Gerund II. 3 He was as keen a pair of scissars at trimming a Sermon as adjusting a foretop. 1814 Scott Wav. xi, The foretop of his riding periwig. fg. 1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. 11. i. Wks. 1878 II. 51 Faire trees, those comely fore-tops of the Field. t b. fig. ; esp. in phrase to take occasion , oppor¬ tunity or time by the foretop ( — Forelock). Obs. a 1577 Gascoigne Flo7uers t Hcarbes, etc . Wks. (1587) 255 You hauing occasion fast by the foretop, did dally with him so long. 1602 Marston A ntonio's Rev. v. iii, Opportunity shakes us his foretop. 1624 Hf.ywood Captives iii. iii. in Bullen O. PI. IV, Loose not this advantadge But take tyme by the fore-topp. 1694 Dryden I.ove Triumph, iii. i, Now take the blest occasion by the foretop. + c. One who wears a foretop; hence, a fop. 1597 1 st Pt . Return fr. Parnass. iv. i. 1237 This cringer, this foretopp. Ibid. v. i. 1435. 3 . The tuft of hair hanging between the ears of an animal, esp. of a horse; = Forelock. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts (1658) 222 A fore-top, which is granted to Horses not only for ornament sake, but also | for necessity to defend their eyes. 1689 Loud. Gaz. No. 2467/4 A Nag. .with a thin Mane, without a Foretop. 1725 Bradley Earn. Diet. s.v. Travelling Horse , His Foretop, Mane and Tail should be wetted with a wet Mane-Comb. 1798 Bloomfield Farmer's Boy y Summer 236 He..Seizes the shaggy fore-top of the bull. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) II. 264 note , Wool..the tail..and the fore-top. 4. The Top of a foremast. Military foi‘ctop : an armed foretop of a war vessel. 1509 Barclay ShyP of Folys (1570) 48 His place is best Hye in the foretoppe of our foolishe barge. 1610 Englands Eliza Induct. 84 in Mirr. Mag. 777 Each, .nimblie capring on the purple waue, With loftie foretops did the welkin brave. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. xvi. 453 Three men were in the Fore-top when the Fore-mast broke. 1795 Nelson 8 July in Nicolas Disp. (1845) II. 51 The Alcide. .took fire, by a box of combustibles in her fore-top. 1833 Marry at P. Simple (1863) 29 ‘ Captain of the foretop ’, said he, ‘ up on your horses’. 1895 Century Mag. Aug. 595/1 The sub¬ lieutenant in the military foretop was taking sextant angles. fig. 1641 Milton Reform. 11. (1851) 47 Spanioliz’d Bishops swaggering in the fore-top of the State. b. Short for fore-topgallant-masthead. 1800 Naval Chron. III. 113 Commodore J. W. Payne’s Broad Pendant is flying at the Foretop. 5. U.S. The front seat on the top of a vehicle. 1850 B. Taylor Eldorado xliii. (1862) 430 When one has to face the cold from the foretop of a diligence. 1872 * Mark Twain’ Innoc . Abr. xii. 77 It was worth a lifetime of city toiling .. to perch in the foretop with the driver. 6. Comb, (sense 4), as foretop-head, -shroud = fore-topmast-head , -shroud ; foretopman, one of the men stationed in the foretop. 1710 Loud. Gaz. No. 4752/3 Sir Edward Whitaker hoisted the White Flag on the Foretop-head of her Majesty’s Ship the Monmouth. 1816 ‘ Quiz ’ Grand Master 1. 7 Those fore-top-men I shall flog, i860 Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. III. ci. 3 There is a young man, a fore-topman, sitting now with his Esquimaux wife. Hence Fore-topping = sense 3 . 1683 Loud. Gaz. No. 1807/4 A black Gelding .. a sore place under the Fore-topping. Fore-topgallant (fooJitppgre’lant). a. Kant. [f. Fore- pref. + Topgallant.] Used in Comb. fore-topgallant-mast, the mast above the fore¬ topmast ; hence with sense of 4 of or belonging to the fore-topgallant-mast’, as fore-topgallant-sail (-yard), -stay, -yard (-arm). 1627 Capt. Smith Seaman's Grant, iv. 17 The fore top gallant Mast, the fore top gallant saile yard. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. 1. 16 Take in your Main and Fore-top¬ gallant-sails. 1745 P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson’s Voy. 138 And the next Day got up the Fore-top-gallant-mast and Yard. 1805 Nelson 10 Oct. in Nicolas Disp. (1846) VII. 104 A Union Jack is to be suspended from the fore top-gallant stay. 1825 H. B. Gascoigne Nav. Fame 119 The fore-top gallant yard Is torn away. 1844 Regul. <5- Ord. Army 35 The flag of the Lord High Admiral [shall be hoisted] at the fore-top-gallant-mast-head. Pore-topmast (fooj 1 topmast). Naut. [f.FoRE- pref. + Topmast.] The mast above the fore-mast; also attrib ., as fore-topmast crosstrees , - head , etc. 1626 Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 12 The fore top mast. 1692 Lond. Gaz. No. 2763/1 He spread his Flag at the Fore-top-mast-head. 1858 Merc. Marine Mag. V. 199 Hauled down fore topmast-staysail. 1869 Daily News r 10 Dec., The Monarch will display .. the American ensign abreast of the foretopmast crosstrees. Fore-topsail (foudfpsefi, -s’l). Naut. [f. Fore- pref. + Topsail.] The sail above the fore¬ sail ; also attrib., as fore-topsail yard. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. xxviii. 71 a, In trimming the sayles. .and foretop sayles. 1627 Capt. Smith Seamans Grain, iv. 17 The fore top-saile yard. 1790 Beatson Nav. fy Mil. Mem. 11 .62 As that hung on her fore-top-sail and backed it, he had no command of his ship. 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle ii. (1859) 64 We .. handed the foretopsail and presently she was alongside. + ForetoU'ch, v. Obs. [Fore- pref .] trans. To touch, or touch upon, beforehand ; to blame or censure beforehand. Hence Foretou'ched ppl. a. c 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 3453 This Resurexionne of crist was be a stone fortouchid [X,. prxtaxata\ Whilk was reprovid some tyme of thaym y l the temple beldid. 1710 Norris Chr. Frud. i. 44 All the fortouch’d considerations. Fore-tow, -trace, etc.: see Fore- pref. Foretype (foutaip), sb. [f. Fore- pref. + Type sb .] = Antetype. 1848 Lytton Harold XI. vi, Rough foretype of the coming crusader. 1864 A. Leighton in Reader 23 July 97/2, I have seen their foretypes in the head of J. N. a hundred times. Foretype (fosutarp), v. rare. [f. prec. sb.] trans. To be a foretype of; to prefigure. a 1618 Sylvester Maidens Blush 409 A Day full oft to be fore-typ’t .. by Prophets manifold. 1839 Bailey Festus (1848) 32/2 O Thou .. Whom all the faiths, and creeds, and rites of old. .Foreshadowed and foretyped. Fore-typified, -use, -utter: see Fore -pref. Forever (f(?re'var), adv. Now chiefly U.S. 1. The phrase for ever (see Ever 5 b), written as one word. 1670 Eachard Cont. Clergy Pref., An honest .. wisher, that the best of our clergy might forever continue as they are. 1696 Tate & Brady Ps. cxxviii. 1 Forever blest be God the Lord. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 250 The only true estate forever we can purchase by our care and diligence, lies in the sentiments of the heart. 1825 J. Neal Bro. fonathan III. 322, I will speak of them for¬ ever, to my last breath. 1839 Carlyle Chartism iii. (1858) 14 The whole result is forever unattainable. 1875 T. Hill PORE-VIEW. 447 True Order Studies 91 The children, .are forever question¬ ing concerning the great lumps of pudding stone. 2. quasi-*£. Eternity, perpetuity. 1858 Kingsley Farewell 7 Make life, death, and that vast for-ever One grand sweet song. 188x E. Coxon Basil FI, II. 232 This short for-ever of earth. So Fore’vermore adv .: see Evermore i b. 1837 Carlyle .Fn Rev, III. iv. viii. (1871) 170 Farewell forevermore, ye Girondins. 1872 Longf. Christ us Introitus 46 Forevermore, it shall be as it hath been heretofore. Fore-view (foo\ivi/7), sb, [f. Fore- pref] A view beforehand, prospect, anticipation. 1831 E. Irving Let. 17 Jan. in Mrs. Oliphant Life (1862) II. 170 In the foreview of it I ask your prayers. 1865 C. J. Vaughan Plain Words on Chr. Living 9 It was not the mere foreview of death which thus convulsed and agonized a brave and constant spirit. + Fore-view, v. Obs.— 1 [f. Fore- pref. + View v .] trans. To view or see beforehand. a 1711 Kf.n Edmund Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 260 To die, for both their parting Hour fore-view’d. Fore-vouched, -vow, etc.: see Fore -pref + Fore walker. Obs, [f. Fore- pref. + Walker] = Forerunner. 1529 Sir T. More Dyaloge 126 a/i Antichrist (of whome these folke be y« for walkers). 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Mark i. 9 John the forewalker of Christe. t Fo'rewall. Obs. [Fore prep, or pref] A wall of defence; a wall or outwork raised to defend another. a 1000 Caedmon's Exod. 297 Syndon J>a foreweallas fae^re jestepte .. o 5 wolcna hrof. 1388 Wyclif Isa. xxvi. 1 The wal and the fore wal [Vulg. antemurale]. 1609 Bible (D ouay) Lam. ii. 8 The fore wal [Vulg. antemurale ] hath mourned, and the wal is destroyed together. t Fo*reward, sb. 1 Obs. Forms: 2 foreweard, 3-4 foreward(e, (3 voreward, 4 vorewerde), 3-6 forward(e, (5 forwart). [OE. foreweard str. fem., forewarde wk. fem., f. Fore- pref. + zveard str. fem. security, precaution : see Ward sb. Cf. Du. voorwaarde , ON. forvprdr .] An agree¬ ment, compact, covenant, promise. O. E. Citron, an. 1109 Dasr wurdon J>a fore-wearda full worhte. c 1205 Lay. 1091 A 1 )?at forward was ileft. 1340 Ayenb. 215 pet me maki uorewerdes. c 1450 Chester PI ., Deluge 345 A forwarde now with thie I make. t Fo’reward, sb.% Obs. Also 4-6 forward(e, 5 fowarde. [f. Fore- pref + Ward sb .] 1. The first line of an army, vanguard, front. In foreward : in the van. c 1400 Destr. Troy iv. 1148 Nestor. .Fare shall before the forward to lead, c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon i. 41 Fyrste of allecame the forewarde wyth the Oryflame. 1548 Patten Exped. Scotl. in Arb. Gamer III. 62 Upon the side whereof our Foreward stood. 1631 Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 617 After a short resistance hee discomfited the Foreward of King Richard. 1664 Flodden F. vi. 52 And that in fore ward with his Grace He should him find fit for to fight. fig. 1566 T. Stapleton Ret. Untr. Jewel 111. 90 M. Iuell hath made but a simple brauerye in this forewarde of his doctours. 1589 Puttenham Eng. Poesie in. xii. (Arb.) 176 This one word..placed in the foreward. 2. The command of the van; a position in the van. c 1400 Sowdone Bab. 502 King Lukafer. .shalle have the Fowarde. Ibid. 732. r 1460 Otterbourne 102 in Percy's Reliq.y Thou arte my erne, The forwarde I gyve to the. 1570-6 Lambarde Peramb. Ketit (1826) 7 The forward in all battels belongeth to them. fig' *555 Hooper in Coverdale Lett. Mart. (1564) 122 Doubtles it is a singuler fauour of God .. to geue you this foreward and preeminence. Hence Fore-warder, one of the foreward or vanguard. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vi. v. § 5. 192 Caligula .. lost the defense of his fore-warders, and the straitnesse of the place permitted not his gard to follow. t Foreward, v. Obs .~ 1 [f. Fore -pref + Ward v.] trans. To guard, or fortify in front. 1610 Holland Camden's Brit. i. 817 Which she hath so forewarded againe with a counter-scarfe. Forewarn (fpoiw^-jn), v, [f. Fore- pref + Warn v .] 1. trans. To warn, caution, or admonish before¬ hand ; also, to give previous notice to. Const, of to with inf or that with obj. sentence. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 96 pe bisshop pouht treson, for warned was Henry. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. John xvi. 4, I thought mete to fore-warne you hereof. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI , iv. vii. 17 We were fore-warned of your comming, And shut the Gates. 1667 Milton P. L. vii. 41 The .. Arch-angel had forewarn’d Adam., to beware Apostasie. 1692 Washington tr. Milton's Def. Pop. ii. (1851) 60 As Samuel forewarns the People that theirs would de¬ generate into. .Tyranny. 1741 Middleton Cicero II. vii. 101 That which I have told, and forewarned you of. 1836 H. Coleridge North. Worthies (1852) I. 27 Their .. member forewarns them of the difficulties likely to stand in their way. absol. 1651 C. Cartwright Cert. Relig. 1. no He fore- shews that many should come in his name, .and forewarnes to beware of them. 1667 Milton P. L. xii. 507 But in thir room, as they forewarne, Wolves shall succeed for teachers. i860 Merc. Marine Mag. VII. 360 The progress of a cyclone may be telegraphed, and might secure many a ship from danger by forewarning. Prov. [1592, 1768-74; see Forearm 7'.] a 1688 Bunyan Heart's Ease 148 Forewarned, forearmed. 1855 Kingsley Glaucus (1878) 31 To be forewarned is to be forearmed. 12. To announce beforehand, prophesy. Obs. 1583 Stanyhurst sEucis hi. (Arb.) 82 The Harpye Celaeno For warns much mischiefe too coom. Forewarn: see Forwarn Obs., to prohibit. Forewarner (foojwg'jnsi). [f. Forewarn v, + -er 1.] One who or that which forewarns. c 1425 Found. St. Bartholome7u’s (E. E. T. S.) 43 The forwarners of variaunte tempeste to come. 1626 (title) Sir Walter Raivleig/is Ghost , or England’s Forewarner. 1684 T. Burnet Th. Earth 11. 87 It may indeed be made a ques¬ tion, whether this fiery vengeance .. will not precede the general conflagration, .as a fore-runner and forewarner to the world. 1842 Lytton Zanoni vi. v, There both Mother and Forewarner stood. Forewarning (fooiwpMnii]), vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ing !.] A warning beforehand. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Mark i. 15 To geue them forewarning yt Messias & the kyngdome of God were at hand. 1570 Dee Math. Pref. 1 They had no forwarnyng and information. .whereto his doctrine tended. 1659 Milton Civ. Power Wks. (1851) 323 That wise forewarning of Gamaliel. 1848 Lytton Harold viii. iv, Edward’s sinister forewarnings. Forewa rning, ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing 2 .] That forewarns, in senses of the vb. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 193 My presignificant speach, and forewarning watchwordes, were counted unworthy credite. 1591 Lambarde Archeion (1635)181 These offences might be made exemplary, and forwarning to other men. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xl. 348 Tom heard the message with a forewarning heart. Hence Porewarningly adv. 1839 Bailey Festus (1848) 43/1 As sings the swan with parting breath, So I to thee.. Forewarningly. Fore-way, -wedge, etc.: see Fore- pref. + Fo’re-while. Obs. rare. [f. Fore- pref. + While jA] The space of time or interval before a future event happens. 1615 Chapman Odyss. ii. 256 Let us consult yet, in this long forewhile, How to ourselves we may prevent this ill. + Fo’re-wind. Obs. Also for-, [f. Fore- pref. + Wind sb. Cf. Du. voorwind .] A wind that blows a ship forward on her course, a favourable wind. 1561 Eden Arte Nanig. Aiijb, They founde it to serue with a forewynde. 1603 Drayton Barons' IVars iv. xix, A for-wind now for Harwich fitly blowes. 1676 Hobbes Iliad 1. 461 A good forewind Apollo with them sent. fig. 1682 S. Pordage Medal Rev. 104 All with the fore¬ wind of Religion Saile. Fore-winning : see Fore- pref 5. t Fore-wise. Obs. [f. Fore- pref + Wise.] Wise beforehand, prescient, far-seeing. c 1400 Destr. Troy 3950 Wise of his dedis, In fele thinges forwise, & a fer caster. So Fore-wisdom, prescience, forethought. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 20 What providence and forewisedome did he use. 1882 Beresf. HorE Brandreth I . xvi. 252 The husband who devises this ingenious proof of confidence is well advised in his forewisdom. t Fo’re-wit, sb. Obs. Also 4-6 forwit. [f. Fore- pref + Wit.] 1 . Fore-knowledge, foresight, prudence. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. v. 166 Seynt Gregorie. .had^a gode forwit. 1503 Hawes Ex amp. Virt. v. (Arb.) 16 Thinges.. with a forwytte kepte in store. 1546 J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 15 Yet is one good forewit woorth two after wits. 1631 Gouge God’s Arro7vs hi. lix. 292 Had the fore-wit of the Aramites beene as good as their after-wit. 2 . A leading 'wit’, a leader in matters of taste or literature. 1637 B. Jonson Sad Sheph. Prol. 41 Nor that the Fore¬ wits that would draw the rest Vnto their liking, alwayes like the best. t Fore-wi't, v. Obs. Pres. 1st, 3rd sing. -wot. Also for- [OE. fore-, forzvit an, f. Fore -pref, For- pref? + wilanfiNiTv.] trans. To know beforehand. c 888 K. ^Elfred Boeth. xxxix. § 5 On [>am hean sceop- pende |?e eall forewat hu hit £eweor}>an sceal. C1374 Chaucer Troylus iv. 1043 (1071) Thilke sovereyn purvey- aunce, That forwoot alle, withouten ignoraunce. £1384 — H. Fame (Sk.) 45 If the soule..Be so parfit..That hit forwot that is to come, c 1400 Test. Love in. (1532) 352 God by necessitee forwote al thynges comyng. Hence Fore-witting* vbl. sb., fore-knowledge. Also Fore-wi*tter, one who knows beforehand. C1374 Chaucer Boeth. v. pr. vi. 178 God byholder and forwiter of alle Jfinges dwellij? aboue.^ c 1386 — Nun’s Pr. T. 423 Goddis worthy forwetyng Streigneth me needely for to do a thing. Forewoman (fo^iwuman), pi. -women (-wimen). [f. Fore- pref. + Woman.] A woman who acts as chief of other women : a. in a jury of matrons ; b. in a shop or department. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 84 p 1 The learned Androgyne, that would make a good Fore-woman of the Pannel. 1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 216 If the Forewoman shall say, She is with quick Child .. then [etc.]. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick, x, Miss Knag, the forewoman, shall have directions to try you with some easy work at first. 1869 Mrs. Palliser Lace vii. 109 There were only three forewomen and sixty-three lace-makers. Fore-wonted : see Fore -pref. 2 b. Foreword (foa-iwwd). [f. Fore- pref. + Word. Cf. Ger. vorwort .] A word said before something else ; hence, an introduction, a preface. 1842 Dasent tr. Prose or Younger Edda Pref. 6 The Translator, .has felt no hesitation in placing the ‘ Foreword to the Edda’. .at the end of the volume. 1868 Furnivall (title). The Babees Book, etc...with some Forewords on Education in early England. 1879 19 th Cent. June 1092 After these few forewords I will quote the letter. 1888 Besant Iniier House v, All the dancing, courting, pretty FORFARE. speeches, and tender looks, meant only the fore-words of Love in earnest. t Forework. Obs. [f. Fore- pref. + Work sb.] A ‘work ’ or defensive slructure in the front of a building or fortified place. 1497 in Ld. Treas. Ace. Scotl. (1877) I- 334 The bigging of the fore werk of Dunbar. 1502 Acc. in Lib. Cart. S. Crucis (1840) lvi, To Walter Merlioun, mason, in part payment of his task of the foirwerk and the new hall in Halyrudhous. Fore-world (fdo-ijwwld). [f. Fore- pref + World. Cf. Ger. vorzvelt.] The primeval world. 1796 W. Taylor in Monthly Rcz>. XX. 517 Monuments of the Fore-world. 1801 Southey Thalaba ix. 324 It were as wise to bring from Ararat The fore-world’s wood to build the magic pile. 1849 Reverberations 11. 95 From the Fore¬ world’s chaotic night, Gleaming and streaming into light. Fore-write (fooiirart), v. [f. Fore- pref. + Write.] trans. To write before or beforehand. 1634 Ford P. Warbeck 11. iii, Time alone debates Quar¬ rels forewritten in the book of fates. 1872 Longf. Div. Trag. 1. Marriage hi Cana , What is to be Hath been fore-written in the thought divine From the beginning. Hence Fore-written ( ^of) ppl. a. Also Fo're- writ, something written before, a title; + Fore- wri’ter, one who writes, or has written, before¬ hand. c 1460 J. Russell Bk . Nurture 1243 As for ryme or reson, j?e forewryter was not to blame, For as he founde hit aforne hym, so wrote he [>e same. 1560-78 Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot. (1621) 37 The fore-written Provinces. 1570 Levins Manip. 149/28 Y 0 Forewrit, titulus , prescriptum. 1578 Banister Hist. Man 1. 13 By the probable assertions of the best forewriters. 1599 Nashe Lenten Stuffe Wks. (Grosart) V. 214 The forewritten-of Bishop of Norwich. 1649 ^ p * Hall Cases Cousc. hi. (1654) 207 Such, as must have their grounds from fore-written truths. 1839 Bailey Festus (1848) 47/1 The forewritten hour. Fore-wrought: see Fore -pref. 2 b. Fore-yard 1 (fo^iiyaid). [f. Fore- pref. + Yard 1 .] The yard or court in front of a building. 1388 Wyclif Ezek. x. 4 The halle [v.r. for;erde; L. atrium']. 1420-30 Lay-Folks' Prayer Bk. (E. E. T. S.) 46 In the for3erdis of the hous of oure God. 1699 S. Sewall Diary 21 June (1878) I. 498 A Pack of Cards are found strawed over my fore-yard. 1741 Richardson Pamela II. 288 She would not come in, but sat fretting on a Seat in the Fore-yard, i860 J. White Hist. France (ed. 2) 90 Where gentle lawns sloping downward from the door must be con¬ verted into a foreyard. Fore-yard 2 (,fo°U|ya.id). [f. Fore- pref. + Yard A] 1 . JVant. ‘The lowest yard on the fore¬ mast ’ (W. C. Russell). 1627 Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. iii. 16 The fore Yard [must be] 19 yards long, and 15 inches diameter or thick. 1745 P. Thomas Jml. Anson's Voy. 145 Her Fore-top-mast broke short, and in its Fall, meeting with the Fore-yard broke it in the Slings. 1844 W. H. Maxwell Sports er are, pat coueyten alle men to for-fare,—The deuel, pe flesshe, pe worlde also, a 1605 Polwart Fly ting w. Montgomerie 48 Make obedience In time, for feare leist I forfaire thee. 3 . By Skene associated with F. forfaire , med. lu.forisfacere. (Seequot.) 1597 Skene De Verb. Sign. s. v. Forisfactum, It is taken for fornication committed be ane woman .. to fore-fair, or abuse her bodie. 1609 — Reg. Maj. 39 Wemen .. gif they forfair or abuse their bodies in fornication .. sail be dis- herissed. t Forfa’re, Obs, [f. For- pref ! 2 + Fare vi] trans. To pass along (a way, etc.) before others. O. E. Chron. an. 897 For foron him pone muSan foran on uter mere. £1205 Lay. 27373 What beo5 peos ut-la?en pa pisne wei us habbeo3 for-uaren [c 1275 forfare]. ForfarS (fpufaiz). [f. Forfar the name of the Scotch county in which it is chiefly made.] 1882 Caulfeild & Saward Diet. Needlework, Forfars a coarse, heavy description of linen cloth, made of un¬ bleached flax. Forfast(ed,-fastened,-fatted: see For- pref 1 + Forfaultry, forefaultry. Sc. Obs. [f. forfault , Forfeit sb. + -ry.] — Forfeiture. £ 1565 Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1728) 41 A sufficient cause to tyne his life..and deserving forfaultry. 1676 W. Row Contn. Blairs A utobiog. xi. (1848) 367 The Lord Warriston being summoned under pain of forfaultry. t Forfea*r, v. Obs. [f. For- pref.^ + Fear v.~\ trans. To terrify. Only in pa. pple., which often coincides in sense with the phrase for ferd\ see Feed sbfi Const, with of or subord. cl. c 1200 Ormin 674 3iff he sep patt mann iss ohht Forrfaeredd off hiss sihhpe. c 1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 3078 He slogh him sone that ilk day, Forfered that he sold oght say. c 1386 Chaucer Sqr.'s T. 519 Myn herte.. For-fered of his deeth.. Graunted him loue. c 1400 Vwaine <$• Gaw. 1679 He sperd his yate, and in he ran, For fered of that wode man. For-feebled : see For- pref, i 1 9. Forfeit (fpufit), sb. Forms: a. 4-5forfet(t(e, (4-5 furfatt, -fet, 6 forfect, forefaicte), 4-6 forfaite, -ayt(te, -eite, -ete, -eyte, 6- forfeit. p. Sc. 6 foir-, forfait, -fault, 7 forfaute. [a. OF. forfet , forfait med.L. foris factum tres¬ pass, fine, neut. pa. pple. of foris facere to trans¬ gress, f. foris outside (see For- pref 3 ) 4- fdeere to do. The Sc. forms P are corrupted by assimilation to fault or default .] + 1 . A misdeed, crime, offence, transgression; hence, wilful injury. Also with of*. Transgression against or in respect of, breach or violation of. Obs. In forfault (Sc. Law): under charge of wrong doing, guilty of breaking the law. (Jam.) a. a 1300 Cursor M. 15814 <,Cott.) Petre was in hand nummen for forfait he had don. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 245 That he the forfete of luxure Shall tempre and reule. 1423 Jas. I. Kingis Q. xcii. Thus were thai wrangit that did no forfet. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 53 Ye may frely..ete them wythoute ony forfayte. 1483 — G. de la Tour E v, Men ought wel to kepe hem self fro the forfait of maryage. a 1533 Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) C iij, The Censure .. dayly toke hede to the forfaytes done. 1668 Temple Let. to Ld. Arlington Wks. 1731 II. 90 No.. Corruption of Ministers, can preserve them long from paying what they owe to any Forfeits of their Duty. 0. 14.. tr. Burgh Lawis c. 19 in Sc. Acts (1814) I. 336 Gif ony man or ony woman in the burgh be in forfaute of brede or ale [sit in forisfacto de pane vcl cervisia ] .. gif he faltis twyis he sail be chastyte twyis for his forfaute. 1572 Lament Lady Scot. 373 in Scot. Poems 16th C. (1801) II. 253 Thir foirfalts that I haue done reheirs, That lords, lairds, ladys and lawers dois exerce. 2 . Something to which the right is lost by the commission of a crime or fault; hence, a penal fine, a penalty for breach of contract or neglect of duty. Phr. To take {the) forfeit of to pay {the) forfeit {lit. and fig.). c 1450 Bk. Curtasye 577 in Babees Bk. (1868) 318 Of pe lordes courtes and forfetis. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. exeix. 179 They taken the goodes. .and lete hem calle his forfaytz. 1538 Fitzherb. Just. Peas 38 b, The forfayt therof is al the pewter and brasse so cast and wrought. 1555 Watreman Fardle Facions 1. v. 70 The forfect for non paiment of the lone. 1596 Shaks. Merck. V. iv. i. 207, I craue the Law, The penaltie and forfeite of my bond. 1625 Fletcher & Shirley Nt. Walker iv, Thou hast undone a faithful Gentleman, By taking forfeit of his Land. 1713 Young Force Relig. 11. (1757) 62 Life is a forfeit we must shortly pay. 1843 Lever J. Hinton xviii, To be free of the transaction, I this morning offered to pay half forfeit, 1857 Buckle Civiliz. I. viii. 543 The forfeit incurred by many of those illustrious thinkers who [etc.]. b. transf. of a person. 1603 Shaks. Meas.forM. iv. ii. 167 Claudio, .is no greater forfeit to the law than Angelo. 3 . A trivial mulct or fine imposed, e.g., for breach ©f some rule or by-law in a tavern parlour, a club, etc. Also, in certain games, an article (usually something carried on the person) which a player I gives up by way of penalty for making some mis¬ take, and which he afterwards redeems by perform¬ ing some ludicrous task. 1603 Shaks. Meas. for M. v. 323 The strong Statutes Stand like the forfeites in a Barbers shop, As much in mocke, as marke. 1642 Fuller Holy <$• Prof. St. v. x. 395 No more than the forfeits in a barbers shop, where a Gentle¬ mans pleasure is all the obligation to pay. 1660-1 Pepys Diary 4 Feb., And here I took pleasure to take forfeits of the ladies. 1714 Gay Trivia 11. 175 The . . Wits shall frequent Forfeits pay. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. ii, Walking out, drinking tea, country dances, and forfeits, shortened the rest of the day. 1814 Scott Wav. lxix, We played the game boldly, and the forfeit shall be paid. 1837 Dickens Pickw. xxviii, We..beguile the time with forfeits and old stories. 1865 J. Hatton Bitter Sweets xxxii, In the games of forfeit, he played his part. 4. [from the vb.] The losing of something by way of penalty: = Forfeiture. To set to forfait (Sc. Law): to attaint, outlaw. a. *393 Gower Conf. III. 177 To give, .and to withdrawe The forfet of a mannes life. 1423 Jas. I. Kingis Q. cxxix, Vertu sail be the cause of thy forfet. 1596 Shaks. Merck. V. iv. i. 212, I will be bound to pay it.. On forfeit of my hands, my head, my heart. 1629 Milton Nativity i, That he our deadly forfeit should release. 1644 — Ediic. Wks. (1847) 98/1 You would to the forfeit of your own discerning ability, impose on me [etc.]. 1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Ctess Bristol 22 Aug., Debts .. they could clear no other way but by the forfeit of their honour.. 0 . 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. xm. xv, Eftir his forfait, the constabulary wes geuyn to the Hayis of Arroll. 1570 Buchanan Chamseleon Wks. (1892) 46 Y° parliament set to forfait sic lordis as had fled in Ingland. Forfeit (fpufit),#. Forms: see prec. [ad. OF. forfait , pa. pple. of forfaire late L. forisfacere : see prec. In early use serving as pa. pple. of next.] That has been lost or has to be given up as the penalty of a crime or fault or breach of engagement. Const, f till , to, unto. a . 1393 Gower Conf I. 194 That ye this thing no lenger let, So that your life be nought forfete. 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. viii. 716 Hale he tuk in-til Ethchet As ]>ai had fallyne til hym forfet. 1538 Fitzherb. Just. Peas (1514) 38 b, The value of them is forfayt, halfe to the fyndours or serchers therof. 1594 Plat Jewell-ho. 1. 5 Forfeit and confiscate vnto the crowne. 1601 Shaks. All's Well iv. iii. 216 His braines are forfeite to the next tile that fals. 1608 Markham & Machin Dumb Knight v. i, This monster. .Whose forfait life is witnesse to his shame. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 711 And his long Toils were forfeit for a Look. 1735 Somerville Chase hi. 63 Behold the just Avenger, swift to seize His forfeit Head. 1827 Hallam Const. Hist. (1876) II. ix. no These have half redeemed his forfeit fame. 1847 I Emerson Poems (1857) 43 The wish To tread the forfeit Paradise. 1859 Gladstone Horace's Odes in. ix, My forfeit life I’ll freely give, So she, my better life, may live. 0. 1423 Jas. I. Kingis Q. cxli, All though my lyf suld forfaut be therefore. Forfeit (fjr-ifit), V. Forms : a. Infin. 4-6 for- fet(e(n, -yn, 5-6 -fett(e, (5 foffet), 5-7 forfait(e, 5 - 6 -fayt(te, -feyt, (5 -fite, 6 -fyt, -feet, -feict), 6 Sc. forfat, -fit, 6 - forfeit. Pa. t. and pa. pple. -ed. Also pa. t. 5 forfett(e; pa. pple. 4-5 forfet(e, 6 -feyte (see Forfeit a.), p. Sc. 4-7 forfait, 6 - 9 forfault, 7-9 forefault; pa. pple. 4 forfait, 5 forfaut. [f. prec. sb.] + 1. intr. To do amiss, sin, transgress. Obs. a 1325 Prose Psalter cxviii[i]. 119 Ich told alle the singers of erthe for-fetand [L .prsevaricantes.\ c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. p 199 And al thissuffred Ihesu crist }?at neuere forfeted. 1496 Dives Sf Paup. (W. de W.) 1. Ii. 91 They forfete hyghely ayenst the fyrste commaundement. c 1530 Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 348 Ye saye y l she hath forfeyte with this knight; for he can not forfeyte with her, but y t she must be accorded with him. b. trans. To transgress against, violate (one’s faith or oath), rare. [So OF .forfaire : but there is an admixture of sense 2.] 1654 tr. Scudery's Curia Pol. 28 Having known you so notoriously to forfeit your Faith. 1800 tr. Invisible Man II. 208 You have received my oath; I am incapable of forfeiting it. 2. trans. To lose, lose the right to; to render oneself liable to be deprived of (something); also, to have to pay (a sum of money) in consequence of a crime, offence, breach of duty, or engagement. Const, to (the receiver), a. in a strictly legal sense. a. 1466 Mann. <$• House/t. Exp. 176 They schal kontente me fore my parte of skenes that were foffetede ; iiij. Ii. 1581 Mulcaster Positions xxxvii. (1887) 152 Neither he, ne yet his parentes, can forsake their prince, vpon any colour without forfaiting more than a quarters scholehire. 1663 Marvell Corr. xl. Wks. 1872-5 II. 88 The House adjournd till Wednesday fortnight .. every one absent to forfeit five pounds. 1723 De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 242 My life and effects were all forfeited to the English government. 1827 Jarman PoiueHs Derases II. 261 The Court held the estate not to be forfeited by non-performance. 1833 Ht. Martineau Tale of Tyne i. 15 You forget what you forfeit, if you have you* indentures broke. 0 . x 535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 75 That ather .. suld .. forfait all in the kingis hand. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 13 They sail tine and forfait all their cattell. 1688 Ess. Magis¬ tracy in Harl. Misc. I. 5 Whoever goes about to subvert it. .forefaults his own title. 1717 Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 339 Such .. should for that time forfault their part in the settlement of a parish. b. gen. To lose by misconduct. 13 .. E. E. A llit. P. A. 638 Oure forme-fader hit con for¬ fete pur} an apple. £1400 Destr. Troy 4450 To forfet pat | faire place & offense make. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xxiv. (1632) 1147 Wee had. .forfaited it [Calais] so that wee could enter into no other Article of peace. 1770 Burke Pres. Discont. Wks. 1808 II. 303 The first franchise of an Englishman, .is to be forfeited for some offence which no man knows. 1847 Hamilton Rew. <5- Pun. vi. (1853) 263 The angels forefeited all happiness. .when they sinned. 1865 Trollope Belton Est. xxv. 298 He had done nothing to forfeit her love. c. In wider sense : To lose or give up, as a necessary consequence. ? a 1400 Morte ArtJi. 437 Are I be fechyde wyth force, or forfette my landes. 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI, iv. iii. 27^ So should we save a valiant gentleman, By forfeiting a traitor and a coward. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 197 But shall we therefore forfet our knowledge because some men can¬ not conteine their lewd and inordinate affections? 1802 Med. Jrnl. 389 Nor can any one regulate his professional conduct by it, without forfeiting all claim to consistency. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, Mo7itaigne Wks. (Bohn) I. 350 The moral sentiment, .never forfeits its supremacy. 1871 Napheys Prev. <$• Cure Dis. 1. viii. 231 The liquid forfeits part of its strength on exposure to the air. d. absol. or intr. To incur the penalty of for¬ feiture or {obs.) confiscation. 1727 Pope, etc. Art of Sinking 124 It shall be reckoned a neglect of her business, and she shall forfeit accordingly. 1755 Mem. Capt. P. Drake i. 2 The Family remained in peaceable possession of this Estate, .until the War .. when . .they forfeited, and were driven to shift for themselves. 3. Of the executive power : a. To subject (land, etc.) to forfeiture; to confiscate. Obs. exc. Hist. a. 1382 Wyclif Dan. ii. 5 Your housis shuln be maad commoun, or forfetid [Vulg. publicabuntur], 1611 Bible Ezra x. 8 All his substance should be forfeited. 1700 Dryden Pref. Fables (Globe) 495 Let them be staved or forfeited, like counterbanded goods. 0. 1375 Barbour Bruce xm. 499 All his land was sesit, and forfait to the kyng. a 1834 Surtees Poem in Taylor Life (Surtees) 246 If thou wilt not ride with us, Yet shall thy lands forfaulted be. 1895 Crockett Mosshaggs 163 As for Earlstoun, we heard it was to be forfaulted very soon. b. Chiefly Sc. To subject (a person) to forfeiture or confiscation {of estates, etc.) ; to confiscate the estates of. Obs. exc. Hist. a. *la 1400 Morte Arth. 1155 We mone be forfetede in faith, and flemyde for ever ! 1565 Earl of Bedford in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. II. 209 That the Earles., sholde have byne forfited yf the kinge coulde not be perswaded. 1639 Drumm. of Hawth. Queries of State Wks. (1711) 177 Whether it be lawful to proscribe and forfeit country-men. 1707 Dk. Athol in Vulpone 20 It is the height of Injustice ..to forfeit any Person without a Hainous Crime. 1816 Scott Old Mort. xxix. With the purpose of forfeiting and fining such men of property whom [etc.]. 1862 Ld. Brougham Brit. Const, xv. 236 Seventy individuals, .were forfeited for their adherence to the King. 0. x 535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 637 The Thane of Calder for tressoun and cryme Forfaltit wes. 1567 Satir. Poems Reform, iii. 201 Quha did forfault him of his land and rent. 1582-8 Hist. James VI (1804) 71 The regent .. causit forfait my Lord Fleyming. 1676 W. Row Contn. Blairs Autobiog. xi. (1848) 350 The Parliament did for¬ fault all those that were upon that jury. 1755 Carte Hist. Eng. IV. 284 The Scotch parliament .. forefaulted general Ruthven for refusing to surrender the castle of Edinburgh. + 4 . To exact a forfeit or fine from. Also absol. c 1592 Marlowe Jew of Malta 11. ii, With extorting, cozening, forfeiting, I fill’d the jails with bankrouts. 1736 Fielding Pasquin 1, I dare not go into the Green-room; I shall be forfeited if I go in there, f 5. To cause the forfeiture, loss, or ruin of. Obs. a. a 1611 Beaum. & Fl. Maid's Trag. iv. i, Such another forgetfulness Forfeits your life. 1670DRYDEN Conq. Granada 1. i, Outrage unpunish’d when a Prince is by, Forfeits to Scorn the Rights of Majesty. 1673 Essex Papers (Cam¬ den) I. 62^ Any Practice of this kind would immediately forfeit their commands. 1679 L. Addison Mahumedism 29 This had utterly forfeited him the reputation of a Prophet. 1704-5 Wycherley Let. to Pope 25 Jan. in Pope's Wks. (1737) V. 4 Your good wit never forfeited your good judgment but in your partiality to me and mine. 0. 1639 Chas. I. Declar. Tumults Scot. Wks. 361 Albeit ..yet that doth not..forefault the Kirk's right. Forfeitable (f^Jfitab’l), a. [f. prec. + -ABLE.] Liable to be forfeited; subject to forfeiture. 1467 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 383 Them [goods] that be for- fetable by the lawe. 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII , c. 64. § 6 All Castels. .be not. .forfeitable in eny wise to the Kyng. 1683 Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) I. 247 Neither the charter of the citty of London or of any other corporation is forfeitable by law. 1767 Blackstone Comm. II. 133 A moiety of the husband's lands, .forfeitable by incontinency. 1841 Fraser s Mag. XXIII. 385 The lives of these official Shylocks were forfeitable. 1884 Weekly Notes 9 Feb. 31/2 The interest of the tenant, .becomes forfeitable. Hence Fo rfeitablene ss. x 7 2 7 _ 3 6 in Bailey. Forfeited (fpufited), ppl. &. [f. as prec. + -ed >.] In senses of the verb. a. 1530 Act 22 Hen. VIII, c. 15 Al issues forfaited fines and amerciaments affiered. 1752 Scots Mag. Nov. (1753) 554/2 His family, as. .being, .connected with the forfeited person , would be .. suspected, a 1859 Macaulay Hist. Eng. V. 272 They determined to vest in the trustees of the forfeited lands an estate. 1893 Stevenson Catriona 15 He's a forfeited rebel. 0. 1687 Crim. Lett. agst. Burnet in Burnet Six Papers 54 Forfaulted Traitors. 1708 J. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. 11. 11. v. (1743) 381 His deputy holding in his hand one escutcheon of the arms of the forefaulted person. Forfeiter (f^ufitaj). [f. as prec. + -er >.] One who forfeits : -f a. An evil-doer. b. One who for¬ feits (property, etc.) or incurs forfeiture. a. 1413 Pilgr. Smvle (Caxton 1483) iv. xxxiv. 83 Offycers .. to done execucion of lawe vpon forfetours. 1 1490 Paston FORFEITING. 449 FORGATHER. Lett. III. 365 Mysdoers and forfaytours, as wesellis [etc.]. 16x1 Shaks. Cymb. hi. ii. 38 Though forfeytours you cast in prison. 1642 Rogers Naaman 607 Their forfeit is a double mulct and losse to the forfeiter. 1848 Craig, For- feiier , one who incurs punishment by forfeiting his bond. / 3 . 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 544 Thair freindis als that tyme forget he nocht, Into the tyme that tha forfal- touris inbrocht. 1560 Roi.land Crt. Venus iv. 262 Desper- ance was found ane Forfaltour. Forfeiting (fjr.ifitii]), vbl. sl>. [f. as prec. + -ing l .] The action of the vb. Forfkit. a. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 172/1 Forfetynge. 1545 Brink- low Compl. 2 The forfeiting of the londes. .of tray tours. / 3 . 1570 Satir, Poems Reform, xvi. 56 Als he gat Setoun out of hands, From forfaiting he sauk his lands. 1584 Ld. Hunsdane to Sir F. Walsingham in Calderwood Hist. Kirk (1843) IV. 173 That there may be nothing done, .for the forfaulting of their livings and goods. 1884 Gd. Words Nov. 750/2 The forefaulting of Patrick, Earl of Orkney. Forfeiting (fjrafitig), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing -.] That forfeits, or incurs forfeiture. 1791 Newte Tour Eng. Sr Scot. 277 The heirs of the for¬ feiting families. a 1859 Macaulay Hist. Eng. V. 272 An estate greater than had ever belonged to the forfeiting land- holders. t Fo’rfeitment. Obs. rare — l . In 6 forfait- ment. [f. Forfeit v. + -ment.] Something paid by way of forfeit; a penalty. x S97'8 Bp. Hall Sat. ii. i. 17 Manie a Lollerd would in forfaitment Beare paper-fagots ore the pavement. Forfeiture (fpufiti/ 7 i). Forms : see Forfeit. [a. OF. forfeture, forfaiture, f. forfait Forfeit sb.] 11 . Transgression or violation of a law; crime, sin ; spec, in Law. Obs. c 1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 348 Hereof schulden men not fayle wipouten greet forfeture. 1414 Brampton Penit. Ps. lxxiii. (Percy Soc.) 28 Whan I do ony forfeture, A contrite heart I offere.to the. 1628 Coke On Litt. 59 To do a thing against or without Law or Custome, and that legally is called a forfeiture. t b. In weaker sense : A breach of rules. Obs . 1576 Turberv. Venerie 134 If .. he touch the shoulder .. with any other thing than his knyfe. .it is a forfayture. f c. Forfeiture of marriage', (see quot.) Obs. 1607 Cowell Interpr., Forfeiture of mariage , is a writ lying against him, who houlding by knights seruice, and being vnder age and vnmaried, refuseth her, whome the Lord offereth him. .and marieth another. 2 . The fact of losing or becoming liable to deprivation of (an estate, goods, life, an office, right, etc.) in consequence of a crime, offence, or breach of engagement. Const, of t on. a. 13.. Coer de L. 257 Forfeyture on lyff and londe. 1389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 76 No brother, .shalle discuse pe coun¬ sel of pis fraternite to no straungere, vp pe payne of for¬ feture of pe fraternite. 1467 Ibid. 384 Vppon peyne of forfetor of xl s . 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 58 § 1 Actes of atteyndre and forfeiture made in the seid parliament. 1523 Fitzherb. Surv. 13 b, That there may be made due proues without fauoure. .on payne of forfeyture of his offyce. 1614 Selden Titles Hon. 31 Henrie iv., possessing it by the for¬ feiture of the Lord Scrop. 1741 Chambers Cycl. s.v., Full Forfeiture .. is a forfeiture of life and member, and all else that a man has. 1767 Blackstone Comm. II. 267 Forfeiture is a punishment annexed by law to some illegal act, or negligence, in the owner of lands, tenements, or heredita¬ ments ; whereby he loses all his interest therein. 1864 Bp. of Lincoln Charge 6 The minimum which will satisfy the inspector, and save the forfeiture of the grant. 1868 E. Edwards Raleigh. I. vi. 94 The large forfeitures which followed the suppression of the rebellion of the Desmonds. / 3 . 1542 Sc. Acts Mary (1814) II. 416/2 The said sentence of forfaltoure was gevine vpoune pe fift day of pe samin moneth. 1609 Skene Reg. MajTreatise 132 The paine of treason is tynsell,and forefaltour of life, lands, gudes, and geir. 1755 R. Keith Catal. Scot . Bps. (1824) 178 The same year he is witness to the forefaulture of the Earl of Ross. transf and fig. 1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 539 The undoing of my peace, and foirfalture of my Saluation. 1655 Stanley Hist. Philos. 1. (1701) 27/1 What forfeiture you impose on others, undergo your self. 1713 Swift Cadenns <$• Vanessa Wks. 1755 III. 11. 28 He has a forfeiture in- curr’d. a 1853 Robertson Ser/n. Ser. in. viii. (1863) VI. no A proud remorse does not forgive itself the forfeiture of its own dignity. + b. The penalty of the transgression ; punish¬ ment for an offence. Obs. 1390 Gower Conf. II. 268 This shall be thy forfeiture; With that she both his sones slough Before his eye. 1667 Milton P. L. iii. 221 Much less that durst upon his ofvn head draw The deadly forfeiture, and ransom set. 3 . concr. That which is forfeited; a pecuniary penalty, a fine. ? Obs. a. 1399 Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 412 Alle his ffynys .. ne fforffeyturis (Tele. .my3te not areche to paie the pore peple. 1483 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 336 The same forfetoures to be enployed halfe to the said cite, and the oder halfe to the said ffraternite. 1588 Ld. Burghley in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. III. 27 The forfeycture for every publique offence committed without the College to be collected by the bedells. 1607 Nottingham Rec. IV. 287 The order for v. Ii. forfeyture for refusinge to be Chamberlaynes. 1709 Addison Tatler No. 116 p 7, I pronounced the Petticoat a For¬ feiture. 1781 Gibbon Decl. F. II. 57 One of the finest breeds [of horses] .. was the forfeiture of a rebel. 1818 Cobbett Pol. Reg. XXXIII. 712 A forfeiture, part of which went to the informer. p. c 1610 Sir J. Melvil Mem. (1735) 226 Promising each of his Party a Share of the Forfaulters of the Queen’s Lords. 1661 Lauderdale in L. Papers (1884) I. 93 Fines and for- faultures are wholly at my disposall. transf. and fig. 1602 Narcissus (1893) 611 Helpe mee foorth, els I am the rude woods forfeiture. 1754 Richardson Grandison II. vii. 105 Extraordinary merit has some for- VOL. IV. feitures to pay. 1786 Henley tr. Beckford?s Vathek (1868) 10 The exaction of these forfeitures [their beards], Forfend, forefend (fp-ife-nd, fomfe-nd), v. [f. For- pref\ (see sense a) + Fend v.] + 1 . trans. To forbid, prohibit. With the thing forbidden as object, or with personal object and an infinitive with to as second object. Obs. 1382 Wyclif 2 Kings xii. 8 And the prestis ben forfendid to eny more takyn monee of the puple. c iaoo Apol. Loll. 70 pe wedding of prestis, or of cosynis in pe prid or ferd degre, is not forfendid bi pe autorite of pe oolde lawe. 1493 Dives 4- Paup. (Pynson) 1. i. B j b, Gregory, .prised him for ..he forfendyd them to worshyp ymages. 1530 Palsgr. 555/2 Naye, I forfende that, for that is no playe. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Mark i. 10 That law forfended to were any clothing of linsaye wolsaye. 1635 Pagitt Chris- tiatwgr ., Relig. Britans 29 Anselme. .forefended Priests to have Wives. 1660 Stillingfl. Iren. 11. viii. (1662) 390 Whether it be forefended by Goddes Law. 1823 J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 86 This ingenious veterinarian forefends the practice of mixing clay in the stuffing. 2 . To avert, keep away or off, prevent; esp. in deprecatory phr. God (etc.) forfend\ often with sentence as object; also absol. as an exclama¬ tion. arch. 1382 Wyclif 2 Sant. xxiv. 25 The veniaunce is forfendyd fro Yrael. 1530 Sir T. More Ordin. in Ann. Barber- Surgeons Loiid. (1890) 583 As God forfende. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanhedds Conq. E. Ind. lvii. 120 There stood in the water .. a great number, alwaies forfending our landing. 1591 Shaks. i Heyi. VI, v. iv. 65 Now heauen forfend, the holy Maid with child? 1639 Horn & Rob. Gate Lang. Uni. xcix. § 984 They joyn themselves in company with the godly .. as guardians to forefend mis- chiefes. 1732 Fielding Cove?it Gard. 1. iii, Behold thee carted—oh 1 forefend the sight. 1848 Lytton Harold 11. iii , 1 The fiend forfend ’ said the grim Earl. 1859 I. Taylor Logic in Theol. 226 May we not forfend the successes of our rivals by adopting their principles. 1887 Bowen Virg. VEneid iii. 265 Gods forefend this menace. f b. To check, refrain, withhold. Obs. 1382 Wyclif Gen. viii. 2 And the watris ben lessid .. and reynes fro hevene ben forfendid. — Prov. i. 15 Forfende thi foot fro the sties of hem. 3 . To secure or protect by precautionary measures. Now chiefly 17 .S. 1592 Wilmot Tancred <$• Gismunda Pref. iii, Gismond .. doth humbly pray, Heauens to forefend your loues from like decay. 1875 Hocyoake Co-op. Eng. I. 250 Some men by. .energy, and enterprise are able to forfend themselves against suffering. 1887 in A tner. Missionary Oct. 283 This is forefended by the fact that [etc.]. 1892 Nation (N. Y.) 28 Apr. 327/2 ‘The sacrifice of the Mississippi’..was fore¬ fended against even the treason of Wilkinson. Hence Forfe*nded/yV.#.; Forefe'nding vbl. sb. £•1380 Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 223 Adam and Eve syneden .. by etyng of pe forfendid appul. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 170/1 Forbedynge .. or forefendynge .. prohibicio. 1605 Shaks. Learv. i. 11 Haue youneuer found my Brothers way, To the fore-fended place ? t Porfe*re, v. Obs. [OE. forftran , f. For- prcf? + feran, Fere, v. Cf. Forfare v.] a. intr. To perish, b. traits. To destroy. a. O. E. Chron. an. 1098 For neah aelc til 5 on mersc lande for ferde. ^1225 A?icr. R. 334 ForSi heo uoruerden wiS [uten] hope. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 560 Quen four-ferde alle pe flesch pat he formed hade. b. c 1205 Lay. 7280 Heo for-ferde Rome, c 1340 Gam. <$• Gr. Knt. 1617 pe bores hed watz borne bifore pe burnes seluen pat him for-ferde in pe forpe. t Forfe’rly, v. Obs. Also 4 forfarly. [f. For- prefP + Ferly v.~\ trans. To astonish greatly. (Only in pa. pple.) a 1300 Cursor M. 17361 (Cott.) Ful for-farled pan war pai. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints iii. 950 He wes forferlyt gret- tumly. Forfex (fpufeks). [a. L .forfex pair of scissors.] 1 . Humorously pedantic. A pair of scissors. 1712-4 Pope Rape Lock 111.147 The peer now spreads the glittering forfex wide, To inclose the lock. 1837 E. Howard Old Commod. II. iv. 95 With the glittering forfex in his hand the Doctor gave chase. 2. Ent . (see quot.) 1826 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. III. 391 Forfex (the Forfex'). A pair of anal organs, which open or shut transversely, and cross each other. Forficate (f^ufikrt), a. Ent. [f. L. forfic-, forfex, + -ATE 2 .] Shaped like a pair of scissors. 1816 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1843) IE 106 note , The man¬ dibles are forficate. 1889 Cent. Diet. s.v. Frigate-bird , It has. .a long forficate tail. Forficated : ij/ufiksted), a. Ent. = prec. 1752 Sir J. Hill Hist. Anim. 505 The Loxia with a forfi¬ cated beak, i860 in Worcester. Forfication (fjufikri’Jsn). [f. forfic-, forfex + -ATION.] The condition of being forficate; for¬ ficate portion. 1889 Cent. Diet, s.v., The forfication of the tail is three inches deep. Forficulate (fpifvkiz/Dt), a. Ent. [f. L. for - ficula , dim. of forfex 4- -ate 2 .] Shaped like a pair of small scissors. 1889 Cent. Diet, s.v., The forficulate palpi of certain scorpions. Forficulate (f^fl'k/zl^t),^. nonce-wd. [f.mod. L . forficul-a (see prec.) +-ate 3 .] intr. To have a ‘creeping’ sensation, as if a forficttla or earwig were crawling over one’s skin. 1849 Lytton Caxtons vii. iii, There is not a part of me that has not. .crept, crawled, and forficulated ever since. t Forfrght, v. Sc. Obs~ 1 In 7 foreflght. [back-formation from Forfoughten.] trans. To exhaust or over-fatigue (oneself) with fighting. 1661 Mercur. Caled. (Jam.), These noble gentlemen, .may . .forefight themselves in our excellent fields. tForfrghter. Obs .- 1 [f. For prep. 4- Fighter.] A defender. 1382 Wyclif Isa. xix. 20 He shal sende to them a saueour, and a forfiijtere [Vulg. propugnatorem], that delyuere them. t Forfli*t, v. Obs.— 1 In 5 forflytte. [f. For- prefP + Flit v.] trans. To remove. c 1420 Sir Amadas (Weber) 381 As a foie Y am for-flytte. Forflitten : see For- prefy 6. Forfou ghten, pple . and ppl. a. Obs. exc. Sc. and north, dial. For forms see Fight v. and Foughten ; also 8-9 forfoughen. [f. For- prcfP + Foughten.] Wearied and worn-out with fighting. c 1275 Lay. 26189 On wis cniht com ride to pis kinges ferde pat was al for-fohte. c 1350 Will. Palerne 3686 3 o ur mene ..pat feynt ar for-fouten in feld. C1450 Lonelich Grail xlv. 765, I was so forfowhte That non Jengere stonden I mowhte. 1470-85 Malory Arthur in. vi, We are forfough¬ ten, & moche blood haue we loste. #1550 [see Flaughter a 1775 Hobie Noble xxviii. in Child Ballads vii. (1890) 3/2 l’m but like a forfoughen hound, Has been fight¬ ing in a dirty syke. 1787 Burns Let. to W. Nicol 1 June, As forjesket and forniaw’d as a forfoughten cock. 1818 Scott Rob Roy xxviii, This good little gentleman, that seems sair for-foughen, as I may say, in this tuilzie. b. transf. Wearied, over-fatigued. 1786 Harvest Rig in Chambers Pop : Poems Scotl. (1862) 50 They’re a’ right glad the kemp is done, For they’re forfoughten ilka ane. c 1817 Hogg Tales $ Sk. IV. 253 Both he and his master were alike sore forefoughten. 1832-53 Whistle-Binkie (Sc. Songs) Ser. 1. 39 In case some drift-driven strangers come forfoughten to our bield. + Forfre t, v. Obs. [f. For- pref. x + P'ret trans. To devour, gnaw; to eat up or into, corrode. rt 1225 Ancr. R. 138 Also wicSuten wisdom, fleshs, ase wurm, uoruret hire, & wasteS hire suluen. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 186 pe gret evel. .pat vorfretep menne limes. C1350 Will. Palerne 2376 pe werwolf., ran forp..as he wold pat barn bliue haue for-frete. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xvi. 29 Coueityse. .forfret neigh pe frute porw many faire si3tes. Hence + Forfre*tten ppl. a. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 331 The long endurid, old, forfreton vine Is not to helpe. Forfrorn, -frush, -fry, -gab: see Foe- prefy + Forga'll, v. Obs. Also pa. pple. forgalded. [f. For- prefix Gall w.] To gall thoroughly. 1563 Mirr. Mag., Hen. Dk. Buckhm. lxxxiv, The Bull chased with Dartes, And with dyepe woundes forgald and gored. 1576 Gascoigne Philomene (Arb.) 117 That horse which, .lothes the griefe of his forgalded sides. + Forga r, v. Obs. [f. For- pref?- + OE. gear - wian to make ready. Cf. ON. fyrirggra (Da .for- gibre, Sw. forgorf) to forfeit.] trans. a. To lose, b. To destroy, corrupt. c 1200 Ormin 14584 Mannkinn pattall wass full off sinne & all forrgarrt 3sen Godd. Ibid. 17531 purrh whatt wass heffness whel forrgarrt To dre^henn helle pine? 13. . E. E . Allit. P. A. 321 Hit watz for-garte, at paradys greue. Ibid. B. 240 To lyue per .. & thenne enherite pat home pat aungelez for-gart. #1400 Pol. Poems (1859) I* 344 This fellowship han forgard her grace. Forgather, foregather (f£igre-Sa.i), v. Chiefly Sc. Also 6 -gadder, Sc. -gader. [f. Foe- prefy + Gather. Cf. Du. vergaderen, Flem. 16th c. vergaederen to assemble.] 1 . intr. To gather together, assemble. 1513 Douglas rEneis vn. xiv. 30 Ane ost of futmen. .Thik forgadderis the large feyldis about. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 62 The Scottis all forgadderit in Argyle. a 1774 Fergusson King's Birthday Poems (1845) 1 In London town Whare fouk.. Forgather aft. .To drink and tipple. 1895 H. P. Robinson Men born equal 329 Three or four other men forgathered with them in the wine-room over the coffee and cigars. 2 . To encounter, meet; esp. to meet with. Now commonly used to denote an accidental meeting ’ (Jam.). 1600 R. Logan in Pitcairn Crim. Trials (1833) II. 282 Incase ye and M. A. R. forgader,.. be very var vith his raklese toyis of Padoa. 1676 W. Row Contn. Blair's Autobiog. ix. (1848) 142 They forgathered with a mighty hurricane out of the north-west. 1737 Ramsay Scot. Prov. Ded., Ye fergather wi' your friends at kirk. 1786 Burns Twa Dogs 6 'Twas in that place. .Twa dogs .. Forgather'd ance upon a time. 1873 G. C. Davies Mount. <$• Mere xix. 178,1 foregathered with an ancient fisherman. b. To associate with. To forgather up : to take tip with, become attached to. 1782 Burns Death Poor Mailie x, O, may thou ne’er forgather up Wi’ ony hlastit, moorland toop. 1858 Times 30 Nov. 6/6 For this .. purpose he forgathered with the privates of the regiment, and treated them. 3 . ? To come together in marriage. 1768 Ross Helenore 11. 100 Fouk ay had best begin wi’ dealing fair, Altho’ they sud forgether ne’er so bare. Hence Forgathered ppl. a., assembled. For¬ gathering vbl.sb., the action of gathering together; also, an assembly, gathering, or meeting. 1823 Tennant Cardinal Beaton 11. i. 33 ‘ You’re awing me a pint o’ gin for this forgatherin.’ 1839 Bailey Fest us xix. (1848) 206 There rose a shout From the foregathered multi¬ tudes. 1868 Dickens Let. 21 Mar., We hold all sorts of hearty foregatherings. 1884 St. James's Gaz. 8 Aug. 3/1 The fears and doubts of nations, are laid to rest by the foregathering of the imperial cousins. FORGE. 450 FORGED. Forge (fooid^), sb. Also 5 foorge, 6 fordg. [a. O V. forge (= Pr., Catal. furga , Sp. forja , also fragua , Pg. forja ): —Com. Rom. *faurga Y,. fab¬ ric a \ see Fabric.] + 1 . Manufacture, construction ; style of construc¬ tion, make, workmanship ; = Fabric 5, 6. In late use a new formation on the vb. Ohs. 1390 Gower Conf. I. 78 An horse of brass .. Of suche entaile, of such a forge. 1569 J. Sanford tr. Agrippa's Van. Artes 124 b, If it [Husbandrie] did not teache so many monstruouse forges of plantes. 1690 Dryden Don Scbast. v. Wks. 1883 VII. 464 His soft metal..runs in the mould, And needs not further forge. 1691 Ray Creation 11. (1692) 93 In the greater Bodies the Forge was easie, the Matter being ductile and sequacious. 2 . A smithy. c 1386 Chaucer Miller's T. 576 A smith .. That in his forge smithed plough-harneys. 1484 Caxton Fables of Ailsop iii. xii, A serpent entyrd som tyme within the forge of a smythe. a 1547 Surrey Descr. Fickle Affect. 24 The hammer of the restlesse forge. 1689 Loud. Gaz. No. 2482/1 In the meantime the Enemies Vanguard attack’d the Village Forge. 1712 Pope Statius 309 The o'er-labour’d Cyclop from his task retires, The Aeolian Forge exhausted of its Fires. 1861 Dickens Gt. Expect, v, Joe had got. .his leather apron on, and passed into the forge. transf § fig. a 1536 Beauty <5* Prop. Women C j, Rather than to be made in natures forge An angell thou wouldist iudge him, I make auow. 1658 T. Wall Charact. Enemies C/i. 45 The Forge of their own fancies. 1697 Collier Ess. Mor. Snbj. 11. (1703) 78 The brain, .is the forge in which all the speculations of the understanding .. are hammered-out. 1880 Victoria?i Rev. I. 545 England .. became .. the great forge and factory of the world. 3 . An apparatus consisting of an open hearth or fireplace with a bellows attached, used by black¬ smiths for heating iron to render it malleable; a similar apparatus on wheels for military use. 1481-90 Hmvard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 381 For makenge of the belowes to the forge. 1549 Privy Council Acts II. 349/2 Smithes forges complet, ij. 1667 Milton P. L. xi. 364 At the forge Labouring. 1753 Dodsley Pub. Virtue , Agric. 1. iii. 164 A ponderous lump..to the hammer tam’d. Takes from the forge, in bars, its final form. 1810 C. James Milit. Diet. (ed. 3) s. v., The cavalry have portable forges as well as the artillery. 1839 Longf. Village Blacksmith , They love to see the flaming forge. transf. and fig. 1577 Fenton Gold. Epist. (1582) 106 The hearte being the forge whereon our wicked plottes are wrought. 1598 Shaks. Merry IV. iv. ii. 239 Come to the Forge with it, then shape it: I would not haue things coole. 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes iv. v. 198 They, .out of their own sparkling forges have found delight and pleasance for the whole time of their stay. 1791 Burice Let. Member Nat. Assembly Wks. VI. 14 All black with the smoke and soot of the forge of confiscation and robbery, a 1839 Praed Poems ( 1864) II. 130 In laboured phrase and polished lie Wrought by the forge of flattery. 4 . A hearth or furnace for melting or refining metals. Also, the workshop, etc., where this work is carried on. 1601 Holland Pliny vn. Ivi. r88 The forges and furnaces of brasse. 1674 Martiniere tr. Voy. N. Countries 0 The Forges which are..much of the same nature with the Copper Forges .. some separating, some washing, some melting, others refining, and others coining, for. .his Majesty. 1796 Morse A mer. Geog. I. 591 Forges to refine pig-iron into bars. 1839 Ure Diet. Arts, Forge ■ .the great workshop where iron is made malleable, .a shingling mill. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech., Forge. .3 a place where iron is puddled and shingled. 5 . In market reports, short for forge iron. 1890 Daily Nevis 10 Jan. 3/7 Staffordshire forge ranged from 651. to 70s. 6 . atlrtb. and Comb. a. simple attributive, (of or pertaining to the forge), as forge-bellows, -coal, -furnace, -hammer, -hearth, -house, -iron, -master, -smith, -tongs. 1855 Lardner Hand-bk. Nat. Phil.,Hydrost., etc. 211 The ’’forge-bellows. 1892 Daily Nevjs 5 Sept. 7/1 For good * forge coal from 9 s. to 10s. is asked. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, *Forge Furnace , a blacksmith’s open furnace. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sc. er wark vn-lele haf i oft forged fals sele. 1382 Wyclif Exod. iv. 11 Who forgide the dowmbe and the deef, the seer and the blynde? 1390 Gower Conf III. 67 Of wexe he forged an ymage. a 1450 Le Morte A rth. 967 There myght none feyrer sayle on flode, Ne better forgid as of tree. £1475 Partenay 6103 So by hym was made and furged again Off Maillers the church. 1578 Banister Hist. Man 1. 9 This same bone, .seemeth to be forged with flue sides. 1624 Heywood Gunaik. 1. 17 The image of Victorie most curiouslie forged. 1812 H. & J. Smith Rej. Addr. 3 Forging for this isle a yoke. 2 . To shape by heating in a forge and hammer¬ ing ; to beat into shape; f to coin (money). Also with out. 13.. E. E. At/it. P. B. 343 Hit watz fettled & forged &to J>e fulle gray^ed. c 1477 Caxton Jason 72 b, After thys was ordeyned that ther sholde be forgid moneye in the cite. a 1533 Ed. Berners Huon xliv. 148 Cursyd be he of Mahunde that forgyd thy sword. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 364 They forge in Fraunce newe Floreyns wherewith ye shall be payde. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 28 The Key¬ hole being finished, forge your Key. 1782 Cowpf.r Charity 237 Sin forged, and ignorance made fast, the chain. 1845 James A. Neil ii, Did you ever see a blacksmith forge a horse-shoe? fig. 1601 Bp. W. Barlow Serm. Paules Crosse 39 An opinion forged at the fire of hell. 1682 Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. 11. § 2 If the substantial subject be well forged out, we need not examine the sparks which irregularly fly from it. 1853 C. Bronte Villctte xxxvi, Out of men's afflictions and affections were forged the rivets of their servitude. b. absol. or intr. To work at the forge; to do smith’s work. 1382 Wyclif Ps. cxxviiifix]. 3 Vpon my bac forgeden [fabricaverunt] synneres. c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. r 480 In this forseyde develes fourneys ther forgen three shrewes. 14.. Lydg. & Burgh Sccrees 2135 Hym to Enfoorme .. Why his sone..Sauf oonly to forge wolde take noon in- formacion. 1605 Verstegan Dec. Intell. ix.310 The Smith, that forgeth at the fire. 1770 J. Clubbe Physiogti. 43 They can saw, but not plane; they can forge, but not polish. J* c. To forge and file : to bring into shape, fashion completely, make ready. Obs. c 1381 Chaucer Pari. Foules 212 Besyde a welle I say Cupyde our lord his arwes forge and fyle. 1447 Bokenham Seyutys (Roxb.) 13 If the crafth Of descrypcyoun I cowde.. bothe forge and fyle. 1626 T. H. Caussins Holy Crt. 424 It was in her shop, where all these Councells plotted for his ruine, were forged, and fyled. + 3 . To frame or fashion (something immaterial) ; to contrive, devise, invent. Obs. exc. as in 4. c 1400 Destr. T7‘oy 12551, I will tell how .. fortune, full fell, forget J>ere end. c 1430 Lydg. Bochas vi. i. (1554) 145 b, Like your conceites ye forge me and peint. 1562 W1N3ET Bk. 83 Quest. To Chr. Rdr., Wks. (1887-8) I. 52 Forgeing thair sermonis for the plesuir ofeuery auditour. + b. To invent, ‘ coin * (a word, etc.). Obs. 1549 Coverdale, etc. Erasni. Par. 1 Cor. i. 13 Why then forge ye to your selfes any other name. 1571 Digges Patitom. iii. Introd. Q, To forge newe English wordes. 1605 Camden Rem.(1637) 78 Some thinke it to be no ancient name, but forged by the writer of King Arthurs historic. 1690 Locke Hum. Underst. iii. viii. 230 Those few [names] that the Schools forged, and put into the mouths of their Scholars, could never yet get admittance into common use. 4 . esp. To fabricate, frame, invent (a false or imaginary story, lie, etc.) ; to devise (evil). Also, to pretend (something) to have happened, to fable. c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. ? 536 In which delit they wol forge a long tale, c 1440 Partonope 4459 Anon she forged a fayre lesyng. 1545 Brinklow Compl. 24 b, Then the matter was forged that he hangyd hymselfe. 1547 Homilies 1. Falling fr. God 1. (1859) 82 Let no man forge evil in his heart against his brother. 1648 Jos. Beaumont Psyche xv. cxli, How fine a story they can forge and fashion Of no Materials but Imagination! 1752 Fielding Amelia 11. ii, I .. forged a meeting to have been between me and my imaginary mistress. 1794 Godwin Cal. Williams 289 Who had forged the basest and most atrocious falsehoods. 1859 Kingsley Misc. (i860) I. 77 A charge, .forged by that villain. 1876 E. Mellor Priesth. vii. 334 Ever listening for words which they could forge into accusations. 1887 Stevenson Mem. <$• Portraits vii. no The hope was one of those that childhood forges for a pastime. absol. 1580 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 298 A gentleman .. whose name I will not conceale, least thou shouldest.. thinke me to forge. 1610 A. Cooke Pope Joan in Harl. Misc. IV. 10 They are driven to feign, to forge, to cog. 5 . To make (something) in fraudulent imitation of something else; to make or devise (something spurious) in order to pass it off as genuine. c 1330 R. Brunne Citron. (1810) 155 pat was a fals brefe, & forged wele. 1494 Fabyan Chron. v. cxxiii. 100 He then vsyd gyle .. and deuysed or forged certeyn letters in the name of Brunechieldys. 1552 Huloet, Forge or falsifie a writinge as chartre, dede, or testament. 1605 Bond. Pro¬ digal iii. iii, You forg’d a will. 1635 Pagitt Christiatiogr. iii. (1636)94 Many of these their Reliques were forged. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 264 ? 3 He has carried his Skill in Imitation so far, as to have forged a Letter from my Friend Sir Roger. 1741 Middleton Cicero (1742) III. xi. 241 Nothing was more common, than to have sayings forged for his. 1845 S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. III. ii. 47 Elector Joachim demanded ..that the name of the liar who had forged this treaty should be published. 1891 E. Peacock N. Brendon I. 81 Forge a pedigree if you haven't one. b. To imitate fraudulently; to counterfeit. x 535 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 2 If anie person. .falsely forge and coupterfaite the kinges signe manuel. 1677 Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 392 Frankland .. had forged the Uni¬ versity seal. 1887 R. Buchanan Heir of Linne v, As if I had. .forged the laird’s name. 6. intr. To commit forgery. 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI, iii. i. 12 Thinke not..that I haue forg'd or am not able Verbatim to rehearse the Methode of my Penne. 1738 Pope Epil. Sat. 11. 190 But Pens can forge, my Friend, that cannot write. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 245 He wandered .. about Ireland .. begging, stealing, cheating, personating, forging. 1885 Tennyson Despair xii, One son had forged on his father and fled. Forge (fo^id^), vf [Of unknown origin; it has been conjectured to be a mispronunc. of Force (cf. dispoge for dispose), or a transferred use of Forge with allusion to the effect of repeated blows of a sledge hammer.] 1 . intr. Of a vessel: To make way,‘ shoot ahead * (Adm. Smyth), esp. by mere momentum, or the pressure of tide. Often with ahead ; also with along , off \ on ; and with cognate obj. The first quot. seems, from the elaborate nautical imagery of the context, to be a fig. example of this sense, though so much earlier than any other known instance. [1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xix. 715 For albeit the Barke of his begunne adventures had without perill well passed the straightes .. he feared the gust of euery wind .. His inward study therefore still forged .. to cleave his passage by taking those dangerous lets away.] 1769 Falconer j Diet. Marine (1789), Franchir une roche, to pass over, or forge off from a rock. 1779 Forrest Voy. N. Guinea2T, As she forged on without any sail. 1830 Marry at Kingps Own xvi, The latter [frigate], .continued to forge in-shore. 1833 — P. Simple xxxv, The four-decker forged ahead. 1849 Quincey Eng. Mail-coach , Dream-fugue Wks. IV. 34406“ she forged without a shock. 1886 J. H. McCarthy Doom 20 As the Atlantis slowly forged her way out to sea. transf and fg. 1861 Sat. Rev. 14 Sept. 280 Presently he drops behind, and I take advantage of the lull in the tempest to forge ahead. 1887 Pall Mall G. 2 Feb. 11/1 Canada is ‘forging aheadas they say in the North. 1887 Jessopp A ready viii. 223 The artizan who forges ahead, .is. .in ninety- nine cases out of a hundred a born townsman. 1893 F. Hall in Academy 25 March 266/3 No good reason is obvious why our little Tellus, though ever so crank, should not forge along till the year 2000. 2 . tram. (See quot.) # 1815 F'alconer's Did. Marine (ed. Burney), To Forge over is to force a ship violently over a shoal by the effort of a great quantity of sail. Forge (fooid^), [?From Forge v 2, with ref. to the sound.] intr. Of a horse : = Click v. 1831 [see Clicking vbl. sb. b]. Forgeable (fooud^ab’l), a. [f. Forge v. l + -able.] That may be forged, admitting of forging. 1382 Wyclif Bible Pref. Ep. vi. 67 Forgers treten forge¬ able thingis. 1869 G. Dodd Did. Manuf., etc. s.v. Iron, Ductile, moderately forgeable and weldable. 1878 Ure's Did. Arts IV. 551 At a red heat it was easily forgeable. Hence Forgeability. 1878 Ure's Did. Arts IV. 552 Carbon affects the forge¬ ability of steel more than silicon. Forged (fbeid^d), ppl. a. Also 4 i-forged. [f. Forge v. + -ed h] In senses of the vb. + 1 . a. Fashioned, framed. In quot. 1382 alle forgid trees = all kinds of wooden instruments. Obs. 1382 Wyclif 2 Sam. vi. 5 Dauid and al Yrael pleiden before the Lord, in alle forgid trees, and harpis. 2 . Fashioned at the forge. + Of money: Coined. c 1386 Chaucer Miller's T. 70 Full brighter was the shyn- yng of hir hewe, Than in the tour the noble yforged newe. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. v. 13 Nor shall thy wings, nor Jove in forged gold, Work thy escape. 1679 Essex Papers (Camden) I. 235 Soethat it may be. .wroughtas forged Iron is. a 1839 Praed Poems (1864)1. 259 Whose broken chain Than new forged bonds is far more dear. 1881 Daily News 11 Aug. 1/6 The ‘ Standard ’ Forged Horse Nails. + 3 . Fabricated, ‘ got up’, ‘made up’, invented. 14.. Lydg. Secrees 75 That double of tonge hatyd adula- cyon, ffals Repoort .. fforgyd talys with oute sekirnesse. *583 Greene Mamillia Wks. (Grosart) II. 183 His fained faith and forged flatterie. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. 135 The Priests, .by diuulgingforged miracles, increased the number of her Votaries, a 1639 Spottiswood Hist. Ch. Scot. (1655) 37 Upon a forged quarrell. 1671 J. Webster Metallogr. i. 11 The learning attributed to Hermes Trismegist, is but of late years standing, and both the Author and it but forged and feigned. 4 . Made in fraudulent imitation of something genuine; counterfeit, false, spurious. 1484 Certificate in Surtees Misc. (1890) 42 A forget testi- monyall. 1509 Act 1 Hen. VIII , c. 7 Many .. forged in- formacions. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. 38 This monstrous forged deuise. 1592 Warner A lb. Eng. vii. xxxv. (1612) 168 Lambert the forged Yorkest. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. ix. 75 What hope has thou, a forged Snake, FORGEFUL 451 FORGET. to scape ? 1628 Coke OnLitt. lxxv. 172 This forged release. a 1641 Bp. R. Mountagu Acts Mon. (1642) 169 Many forged and counterfait writings. 1817 Pari. Debates 716 A forged Bank of England note. 1858 Greener Gunnery 246 Any such forged or counterfeit stamp. 1876 Humphreys Coin-Coil. Man. xxvi. 404 Acquainted with the aspect of forged coins. Hence t Forgedly adv. 1579 Lyly Euphucs (Arb.)191 If thou wast minded both falsely, and forgedly to deceive me. 1675 tr. Camden's Ilist. Eliz. in. 355 That her Adversaries might easily .. write many things forgedly and falsly. + IVrgeful, a. 06 s. [f. Forge v. + -ful.] Apt to forge, creative. 1751 Stormont Elegy Frederick Pr. Wales 14 Th’ illusive scenes That forgeful Fancy plan'd. 1814 Cary Dante , Pnrg. xxv. 63 For each limb Is in the heart by forgeful nature plann’d. Forgeless (foa’-idgles^a. [f. Forge sb. + -less.] Without a forge. 1888 R. Dowling Miracle Gold I. x. 196 This house of bankrupt and forgeless Vulcan. + Forge'nder, v. 06 s. (Frequent in Trevisa.) trails. To disregard, neglect, slight. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 221 pe holy places of Godes were forgendred. Ibid. VI. 407 pe Kentisshe men forgendrede J»e kynges heste. Ibid. VI. 239 To forgendre what is detty and rijtfull. Forger 1 (foaudgai). [f. Forge v. + -erT] One who forges, in senses of the vb. 1 . A maker or framer (of something material or immaterial); an author or creator. Now only in bad sense, a fabricator, inventor (of false stories, etc.). c 1380 Wyclif Serrn. Sel. Wks. II. 19 Joseph was a forgere of trees, pat is to seie a wrijte. 1382 — Job xiii. 4 Rathere shewende 30U forgeris of lesingus. — Eccl. xi. 5 God, that is forgere of alle thingus. a 1541 Wyatt Poet. Wks. (1861) 8r Your fault is forger of this note. 1563 W1N3ET Pine. Lirin. Ded. Wks. (1887-8) II. 5 A 1 forgearis and manteaneris of schisme and errour. 1609 Bible (Douay) Deut. xiii. 5 That prophete or forger of dreames. 1747 West Resurrection 347 No Forger of Lies. 1805 Wordsw. Prelude v. 523 Forgers of daring tales. 2 . One who forges (metal) or works at a forge ; a smith ; + a coiner (of money); also, an owner of forges or rolling mills. 1382 Wyclif Bible Pref. Ep. vi. 67 Forgers treten forge¬ able thingis. 1424 Poston Lett. No. 4 I. 13 The forgeers and makers of the seyd billes. 1474 Caxton Chesse in. ii. E vj b, Forgers and makers of money. 1491 — Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 19 Saynt Appellen was a forgeur of yren. a 1605 Montgomerie Misc. Poems xiii. 13 The forger when he feeds his fyre With sparks of water, a 1679 T. Goodwin Justif. Faith L vi. Wks. (1697) IV. 29 Thus God is the immediate Forger of every Linke of that golden Chain. 1827 Hone Every-day Bk. II. 879 The brawny forger. 1858 Greener Gunnery 91 The inventors, forgers, and finishers of this great gun. 1884 Manch. Exam. 13 Sept. 4/7 A file forger. 1891 Daily News 26 Oct. 2/6 Forgers say that they could do much more work if it was forthcoming. 3 . One who makes fraudulent imitations (of docu¬ ments, coins, etc.); a counterfeiter. 1552 Huloet, Forger of dedes or wrytynges, falsarius subiector . 1565-73 Cooper Thesaurus, Adulterator mone¬ tae. .a forgier or false coynar of mony. a 1680 Butler Sat . Plagiaries 12 Rem. 1749 I. 168 Mark them with characters and brands Like other forgers of men’s hands. 1790 Paley Horae Paul. Rom. i. 11 The forger of the epistle .. inserted in it the passage upon which our observations are founded. 1791 Burke Let. Member Nat. Assembly Wks. VI. 18 Forgers of paper currency. 1859 Dickens T. Two Cities 11. i, The forger was put to Death. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 22 Whether we can attribute the worst parts of a work to a forger and the best to a great writer, .depends. t Fo rger 2 , Law. Obs. rare ~ K [a. AF. forger— F orge v. 1 ; see-ER 4 .] The action of forging. (Cowel 1607, and some later writers who quote the statute, have mistaken the word for prec. sb.) 1562 Act 5 Eliz. c. 14 § 4 The Party. .grieved. .shall, .sue his Action of Forger of false Deeds upon this Statute. 1641 Termes de la Ley 164 b, Forger of false Deeds . . is used in our Law for the fraudulent making and publishing of false writings to the prejudice of another mans right. t Fo*rgerer. Obs. [f. Forger 1 or Forgery: see -ER 1 3 ] One who commits forgery, a forger. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts 628 Forgerers and periured persons. 1696 Prideaux Lett. (Camd.) 183 The forgerer was acquitted. 1765 Citron. in A tin. Reg.5%/2 The forgerer .. suffered .. the February following. 1826 Bentham in Westm. Rev. VI. 462 A forgerer is comparatively at his ease. So t For goring ppl. a ., practising forgery. 1618 Barnevelt’s A pot. G iv, If these forgering fellows would manifest and discover themselues. t Porgeress. Obs .— 1 [f. Forger i + -ess.] A female forger, fashioner, or maker. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode II. cxlviii. (1869) 134 Dame justice, the smythiere of vertues, and the forgeresse. Forgery (fo^'id^eri). ff. Forge v. + -ery.] T 1 . The action or craft of forging metal. Obs. 1609 Bible (Douay) Hab. ii. 18 Because the forger therof hath hoped in his forgerie, to make dumme idols. 1671 Milton Samson 131 Useless the forgery Of brazen shield and spear. b. concr. A piece of forged work. rare. 1850 Blackie Alschylus II. 184 On his shield, stout forgery of brass..He shows. .The terrible Sphynx. 2 . Invention, excogitation; fictitious invention, fiction. Now only poet. Formerly also with more reproachful sense : + Deception, lying; a fraudu¬ lent artifice, a deceit. *583 Stanyhurst VEneis 11. (Arb.) 46 Hee fabled sundrye reportes, Mee to trap in matters of state, with forgerye knauish. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI , in. iii. 175 To sooth your Forgery and his. 1599 — Pass. Pilgr. 4 Vnskilful in the worlds false forgeries. 1602 — Ham. iv. vii. 90 So farre he past my thought, That I in forgery of shapes and trickes, Come short of what he did. 1633 P. Fletcher Poet. Misc. 61 My never-slak’t desire Will cast to prove by welcome forgerie, That for my absence I am much the nigher. 1782 Cow per Retirement 323 [Speaking of insanity] x’is not, as heads that never ache suppose, Forgery of fancy, and a dream of woes. 3 . The making of a thing in fraudulent imitation of something; also, esp. the forging, counterfeiting, or falsifying of a document. For the use in Law see quot. 1769. x .593 Shaks. Lucr. 920 Guilty of treason, forgerie, and shift. 1605 Rowlands Hell's Broke Loose 5 Manes .. pub¬ lished a fift Gospell of his owne forgerie. 1696 Prideaux Lett. (Camden) 169 Severall very notorious acts of forgery haveing been proved against Dean. 1741 Middleton Cicero I. i. 40 The .. art .. of raising a kind of enthusiasm, .in his army, by the forgery of auspices and divine admonitions. 1769 Blackstone Comm. IV. 245 Forgery, or the crimen falsi .. ‘ the fraudulent making or alteration of a writing to the prejudice of another man’s right.’ 1853 C. Bronte Villette xxxv, In their eyes .. I write essays; and with deliberate forgery, sign to them my pupils’ names. 1883 Contemp. Rev. Dec. 842 It was natural that literary forgery should thrive. b. The fact of being forged, rare. 1665 J. Spencer Disc. Vulg. Proph. 83 A sign of the forgery of the whole Prophecy. 1845 Graves Rom. Law in Encycl. Metrop. 756/1 The forgery of the Tabula Marliana is now generally admitted. c. concr. Something forged, counterfeited, or fabricated ; a spurious production. 1574 tr. Marlorat's Apocalips 25 Their wicked forgeries. 1641 Milton Ch. Govt. 11. iii. (1851) 157 A pure tyrannical forgery of the Prelats. 1781 Gibbon Dccl. $ F. II. 99 A manifest forgery was attested by a person of the most sacred character. 1833 Ht. Martineau Berkeley the Banker 1. iv. 92 He told several people in confidence that forgeries of their notes were abroad. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 4 That, .one of the most excellent writings bearing the name of Plato should be a forgery .. would be a singular pheno¬ menon in ancient literature. Forget (fpige't), sb. Chiefly colloq . [f. next vb.] An act of forgetting ; a lapse of memory. 1861 Ivatts Handbk. Raihu. Station Managcm. 27 Errors of Judgment and Casual Mistakes, including ‘For¬ gets’. 1880 J. Payn Confid. Agent 1 . iii, I thought you might have made a forget of it. 1885 T. Mozley Remin. Towns, etc. 1 . ix. 44, I was very liable to momentary for¬ gets, transpositions and misplacings of words. Forget (fpiget), v. Pa. t. forgot (-gp‘t), arch. forgat (-gse*t). Pa. pple. forgotten, arch, and poet.y forgot (-gp’t’n, -g^*t). For forms see Get. [OE. forgietan str. vb. (forgeat , -gdatun, - giten ) corresponding to OS. far-getan (Du. vergeteti ), OHG . fargegan (MHG. vergez&en, Ger. verges sett) ; f. OTeut. *getan (see Get v.) in the sense ‘ to hold, grasp ’, the force of the prefix being that illustrated under For- pref i 1 3. The etymological sense is thus ‘ to miss or lose one’s hold *; but the physical application is not recorded in any Teut. lang.] 1 . trans. To lose remembrance of; to cease to retain in one’s memory, f Formerly sometimes with out. Often with clause as obj. c888 K. AElfred Boeth. xiii, Nasfre nauht he ne forgeat. c 1050 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) VIII. 326 pact pu neforgyte paet ic pe nu seege. a X200 Moral Ode 98 NabbeS hie no ping for3ieten of pat hie her iseien. c 1300 Beket 1956 Here names for here schrewede ne beoth no^t for^ute ut [MS. Laud 108 nout forjite 3uyt]. 1375 Barbour Bruce 1. 16 Swa that na lenth of tyme it let Na ger it haly be forget. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. lxii. [lxv.] 210 That I sholde forgete out ony thynge that I have knowen to be done, c 1540 Howers of Blessed Virgin E. & L. 104 They shall Be registred so, they shall not be forgetten. c 1676 Lady Chaworth in 12 th Rep. Hist. MSS. Com. App. v. 34 The D. of Monmouth Mr. Griffin and Mr. Godolphin and a fourth whose name I have forgot. 1757 Wesley Wks. (1872) IX. 279 Have you forgot that every man is now born in as good a state as Adam was made at first ? 1845 S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. I. 387 Frederic, .did not forget his numerous wrongs and affronts. 1874 Green Short Hist. i. § 1. 5 Men forgot how to fight for their Country when they forgot how to govern it. Prov. c 1530 R. Hilles Common-pl. Bk. (1858) 140 Seld sene sone forgotyn. b. To fail to recall to mind; not to recollect. 1787* Gambado’ Acad. Horsemen (1809) 28 He says much the same of rabbits and onions, but I forgot [? read forget] how he brings that to bear. 1847 Marry at Childr. N. Forest xv, I forget the sign [of the inn]. c. const, to a person = as a matter of reproach against him. rare. 1822 T. Moore Diary 31 Jan., The thing has never been forgotten to Etienne since. d. ah sol. (or intr.) 1382 Wyclif Isa. xliv. 18 Thei fo^eeten, lest ther e3en see^en, and lest thei vnderstoden in ther herte. c 1435 Torr. Portugal 824 The kyng wold not foreget. 1592 Shaks. Rom. Sf Jut. 1. i. 243 Farewell thou can’st not teach me to forget. i6ix Bible Ps. x. ii Hee hath said in his heart, God hath forgotten, a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) I. 363 He’ll learn. .To feign and to forget. 18.. Tennyson Flight i, Are you sleeping? have you forgotten? 2 . To omit or neglect through inadvertence. Chiefly with infinitive as obj. In poetry some¬ times Jig . of natural agents, etc. c 950 Liudisf. Gosp. Mark x. 21 An Se is forgeten. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xvi. 5 Hig forgeton ptet hi$ hlafas nainon. a 1300 Cursor M. 1730 (Colt.) pe folk to preche for-gate he noght. c 1386 Chaucer Prioress' T. 59 This widwe hirlitel sone y-taught Our blisful lady..To worshipe ay, and he for¬ gat it naught. <1420 Sir Amadace (Camden) xxvi ii, To sadulle his horse was no^te for3etun. 1548 Hall Chron., Edw. IV (an. 10) 216 God dyd neither forgeve nor forget to punishe the duke. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. xvi. 444, I quite forgot to put it into my Journal. 1710 Pope Windsor For. 353 The winds forget to roar. 1718 Rowe iv. Lucan ix. 1389 Straight His Blood forgot to flow, his Heart to beat. 1842 Tennyson Gardener s Dau. 85 The steer forgot to graze, b. To omit to take, leave behind inadvertently. a 1300 Cursor M. 1690 (Cott.) Fouxul ne worme forget [;ou noght. Ibid. 3163 (Cott.) Suerd and fire forgat he noght. x 535 Coverdale Deut. xxiv. 19 Whan thou hast reaped downe thine haruest in the felde, and hast forgotten a shefe in the felde. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, hi. i. 6 Hotsp. A plague vpon it, I haue forgot the Mappe. Glend. No, here it is. X768 Goldsm. Good-n. Man iv. i, I had almost forgot the wedding ring ! i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xi. 72 We had no candles, they had been forgotten. t c. with complementary adj. or adv. Obs. a 1340 Hampole Psalter vi. 6 pat nane be forgetyn vn- punyst. c 1400 Three Kings Cologne (1886) 127 pes pinges oure lady forgat bihynde hir whan sche 5ede oute of pat plaas in to Egypte. 1513 Douglas VEneis xi. xvi. 69 Hys feris all hes hym for3et allane. d. To omit to mention, leave unnoticed, pass over inadvertently. 1538 Elyot, Praztermitto , to leue vntouched, to forgete, to leue oute. 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. V (an. 3) 49 b, I may not forget how the Frenche men .. sent a herault. 1625 Bacon Ess., Cunning (Arb.) 439 He would passe ouer that, that he intended most, and goe forth, and come backe againe, and speake of it, as of a Thing, that he had almost forgot. 1674 tr. Scheffers Lapland 93, I had almost forgot Tobacco, of which they are very great admirers. 1775 S. J. Pratt Liberal Opin. (1783) III. 187 Pray don’t forget me to your uncle. 1881 Freeman Subj. Venice 166 Not forgetting a gate which has been made out in the long walls. 3 . To cease or omit to think of, let slip out of the mind, leave out of sight, take no note of. c 1000 Ags. Ps. (Th.) xii. 1 Hu lange wilt pu, Drihten, min forgitan. c 1200 Vices Virtues (1888) 7 Hie for^iteS to swide hem seluen wiS-innen. a 1300 Floriz <$• Bl. 497 (Camb. MS.) Ne schal ihc neure for3ete pe. a 1300 Cursor M. 20208 (Cott.) O pat bode forgat scho noght. 1382 Wyclif Ps, cxviii[i]. 176 Thin hestis I haue not for3eten. c 1450 Bk. Curtasye 196 in Babees Bk. 305 pou schalle neuer lose for to bekynde ; That on for^etisanoper hase in mynde. x 593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, iv. vii. 45. x6sx Isaackson in Fuller's Abel Rediv., Andrewes (1867) II. 168 He forgat not his patron, Dr. Watts, at his end. 1717 Pope Eloisa 208 The world forgetting, by the world forgot. 1797 Nelson Aug. in Nicolas Disp. (1845) II. 437, I shall not be surprised to be neglected and forgot, as probably I shall no longer be considered as useful. 1888 Miss Braddon Fatal Three 1. v. Are you forgetting luncheon ? b. used in connexion with Forgive ; also absol. passing into proverb. 111225 Ancr. R. 124 A 1 pet hurt & al pet sore were uor- ^iten & for^iuen uor glednesse. 1421-2 Hoccleve Dialogus 672 Mochil thyng haast thow write, That they nat foryeue haue, ne foryite. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 380 Hee did both forgive and forgett offences committed against his majestie. 1621 Elsing Debates Ho. Lords (Camden) 74, I am sorry for it: I praye forgive and forgett. 1775 Sheridan Rivals iv. ii, Come, come, Mrs. Malaprop, we must forget and forgive. 1841 Trench Parables xxiv. (1877) 411 Though God may forgive, man is not therefore to forget. f c. To drop the practice of (a duty, virtue, etc.) ; to lose the use of (one’s senses). To forget to do — to forget how to do (something). Obs. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. B. 203 He for3et alle his fre pewes, And wex wod to pe wrache. c 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. 1752 Lucrece , Desire That in his herte brent as any fire So wodely that hys witte was foryeten. X390 Gower Conf. II. 20 So clene his wittes he foryete. 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. ill. ii. 1 And may it be that you haue quite forgot A husbands office? 1592 — Veil. Ad. 1061 Her joints forget to bow. X670 Milton Hist. Eng. 11. 36 The terrour of such new and resolute opposition made them forget thir wonted valour. 4 . In stronger sense : To neglect wilfully, take no thought of, disregard, overlook, slight. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 445 He ver^et al pe strong op, pat he adde byuore To emperesse. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 2051 Whiles pai lyf pai have na mynde Of God, bot for^ettes hym. c 1380 Wyclif Serin. Sel. Wks. I. 201 pis lore is for- 3ete and pe fendis lore take. <11400-50 Alexander 3276 The gome pat hys god forgatt. 157X Buchanan Ane Ad¬ monition Wks. (1892) 21 It may seame . . that I .. for3ettis my devoir, a 1703 Burkitt On N. T. Jas. ii. 5 Men wajlow in wealth,and forget God. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe//ou dettes ours, c 1400 Destr. Troy 11581 All hir gilt to forgiff. 1503 Kalenderof Sheph. Pater Noster, Forghewe the fawlys doyeng ageyns them. 1596 Shaks. Merck. V. iv. i. 26 Forgiue a moytie of the principall. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. in. xlii. 274 An Authority to Forgive, or Retain Sins. 1781 Burns Why am I loth ii, Fain would I say, 4 Forgive my foul offence V 1855 Tennyson Maud xii, Should I fear .. to say 4 Forgive the wrong’. 1882 19 th Cent. No. 61. 348 The amount of rent that has been forgiven in the past two years has been very large. b. with the thing in the acc., and the person in the dat., or preceded by f til, to , unto (or as subj. of vb. in pass.). c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. vi. 12 And forgyf us ure gyltas. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 37 Ne mei pe preost for^efen nane men his sunne. a 1300 Cursor M. 10019 (Edin.) Giu sal forgiuin be giur sak. Ibid. 25109 (Cott.) Forgiue pou til us dettes vrs. c 1520 Sir Tristr. 2568 For3euen hem was her wo, No were pai neuer so dere. 1382 Wyclif Matt, xviii. 27 Sothely the lord of that seruant. .forgaue to hym the dette. c 1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 128 Lord your deth forgyffe it me. 1503-4 Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 37 Preamb., It pleased your Hignnesse. .to forgyve unto your seid Subgiect all the seid Mesprisions. 1611 Bible Isa. xxxiii. 24 The people that dwel therein shalbe forgiuen their iniquitie. 1665 Walton Life Hooker H.’s Wks. 1888 I. 39 Forgiving him his first-fruits. 1726-31 Tindal Rapin's Hist. Eng. (1743) II. xvn. 153 She forgave him what she had lent his father. 1782 Cowper Charity 634 Let Charity forgive me a mistake That zeal, not vanity, has chanced to make. 1826 T. Moore Mem. (1854) V. 46 Clonmell never forgave this to Grattan. c. with indirect (personal) obj. only, either in dative (a construction now merged in 4), or + pre¬ ceded by to, till , unto. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt, xviii. 21 Mot ic him forgyfan o 3 seofon sipas. C1175 Lamb. Horn. 39 pu scalt for3euen bon monne pe wio pe agultet. a 1340 Hampole Psalter vi. 1 Forgifynge til him pat synnes in vs. 1382 Wyclif Matt. vi. 12 As we for^eue to oure dettours. 1484 Caxton Foibles of VEsop 1. xviii, The myghte and puyssant must pardonne and forgyue to the lytyll and feble. 4 . To give up resentment against, pardon (an offender). Const, for, \ of\ or dependent clause, rarely + to with inf. Also (now rarely) to abandon one’s claim against (a debtor). [c 1000, c 1175 : see 3 c.] c 1200 Ormin 4960 To forr3ifenn opre menn Wipp word & ec wipp herrte. c 1340 Cursor M. 8396 (Fairf.) ar for-giuen of pat vn-ri^t. c 1450. Mirour Saluacioun 91 How y^ crist forgaf mavdelen marie. 1591 Shaks. Two Gent. 11. iv. 172 Forgiue me that I doe not dreame on thee. 1607 Wilkins Miseries Inforced Mar¬ riage 11. Dj, I do forgiue thee with my hart. 1715 De Foe Fam. Instruct. 1. i, He forgives them for the sake of Jesus Christ. 1742 Richardson Pamela III. 387 An Example so much better—forgive me to. say—before her. 1785 Burns 1st Epist. Lapraik xvii, I like the lasses—Gude forgie me ! 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xxi, Forgive me if I remind you, that [etc.]. 1866 G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. xxii. (1878)403 He asks you to forgive the man who wronged you. 5 . absol. (of 3 and 4, which in this use coincide). c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke vi. 37 Forgyfap & eow by 3 for- gyfen. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vi. v. (1495) 192 Chyldren ben sone playsyd and lyghtly they forgyue. 1611 Bible i Kings viii. 30 And when thou hearest, forgiue. 1709 Pope Ess. Crit. 525 To err is human, to forgive, divine. 1841 Trench Parables xxiv. (1877) 411 Though God may forgive, man is not therefore to forget. 6. To make excuse or apology for, regard indul¬ gently. Now only in imper. as an entreaty. 1667 Milton P. L. x. 956 Thy frailtie and infirmer Sex forgiv’n. 1738 Pope Epil. Sat. 1. 63 Dear Sir, forgive the Prejudice of Youth. 1782 Cowper Truth 582 Forgive their evil, and accept their good. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. Prol. xi, Forgive these wild and wandering cries.. Forgive them where they fail in truth. 17 . = Misgive. (So also Give). Obs. rare. 1600 Holland Livy 754 Anniball, whose mind forgave him that such a thing would fall out, had prepared shipping. 8. dial. (See quots.) 1790 Grose Prov. Gloss, (ed. 2) s.v., Forgive , to thaw. a 1825 Forby Voc. E. Anglia , Forgive , to begin to thaw. Forgive-, stem of prec. used in derivatives; as + Forgi'veful a. [see -ful], full of forgiveness; ready to forgive. Forgiveless a. [see -less], dis¬ inclined to forgive; unforgiving, f For^rvelich a. ME. (OE. forgifenlic) [see -ly 1 ], likely to be for¬ given ; pardonable, venial. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xi. 24 Ic seege eow, Da;t Sodum- wara lande by 3 forgyfenlicre on domes daeg, ponne ge. a 1225 Ancr. R. 346 O sunne uorsiuelich mei beon ful d«adlich. 1563 Man Muse ulus’ Commonpl. 126 a, He is also forgeuefull and mercyfull. 1861 Temple Bar Mag. I. 356 They live their lives, forgotten and dead, Forgiveless and unforgiven. Forgiven (f^igrv’n), ppl. a. [pa. pple. of Foe- give v.~\ In senses of the vb. 1548 Elyot Diet ., Condonatus. .geuen, forgeuen, pardoned. 1607 Shaks. Tirnon v. iv. 79 Faults forgiuen. 1717 Pope Eloisa 255 Soft as the slumbers of a saint forgiv’n. 1859 Tennyson Elaine 1096 A face, bright as for sin forgiven. Forgiveness (fjfagrvnes). Forms: 1 forsi- fe(n)nys, -gyfe(n)nys, forsif(e)nes; for later forms cf. Forgive and -ness. [OE. forgifennys , f. forgifen , Forgiven ppl. a. + -ness. Cf. Du. vergiffenis.] 1 . The action of forgiving; pardon of a fault, re¬ mission of a debt, etc. + In OE. also : Indulgent permission. The etymological sense, * condition or fact of being for¬ given’, is not clearly evidenced even in OE., though in expressions^ like ‘ the forgiveness of sins * the word may admit of being thus interpreted. t'900 tr. Baida’s Hist. 1. xvi. [xxvii]. (1890) 82 Dis ic cwe 5 o* after forgifnesse [secundum indulgentiani\ nales after bebodo. 971 Blickl. Horn. 19 ponne we..us forgifnessa biddap. a 1200 Moral Ode 298 Nis noper inne helle ore no for3iuenesse. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 58 pat bid me for 3efnesse, & to amende hys trespas. 1340 Ayenb. 32 Vor non ne may habbe uoryeuenesse : wyp-oute zope ssrifte. C1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xiii. 59 A man schuld all anely ask him forgifnes wham he trespast to. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxviii. 238 The pope yafe hem. .foryeuenes of al hir sinnes that [etc.]. 1584 Powel Lloyds Cambria 235 All the brethren desired the father forgiuenes. 1729 Butler Serm. Pref. Wks. 1874 II. 21 Forgiveness of injuries is one of the very few moral obligations which has been disputed. 1863 Geo. Eliot Romola 11. xxxi, He would have to en¬ counter much that was unpleasant before he could win her forgiveness. 2 . Disposition or willingness to forgive. c 1200 Ormin 1477, & are & millce & mildherrtle33c & rihht forr3ifenesse. 1535 Coverdale Dan. ix. 9 Vnto the..per- tayneth mercy and Jorgeuenesse. 1678 Sprat Serm. (1710) 99 Meekness, Forgiveness, Bounty and Magnanimity, b. in plural, rare. (A Hebraism.) 1611 Bible Dan. ix. 9 To the Lord our God belong mercies and forgiuenesses. Forgiver (fpjgi’vai). [f. Forgiven. + -er 1 .] One wno forgives. a 1225 Ancr. R. 256 note (MS. Titus), Hire for3eouere. 1388 Wyclif Rom. iii. 25 Whom God ordeynyde forsyuer [1382 an helpere ; Vulg. propitiationem]. c 1449 Pecock Rcpr. iii. v. 306 Ful grete for^euers of dettis. 1557 Primer, Godly Prayers Oij, Not onlye a forgever but also a re¬ venger. 1625 Ussher Answ. Jesuit 102 [He] is the forgiver of sinnes. 1742 Richardson Pamela III. 69, I was thus lifted up to the State of a sovereign Forgiver, and my lordly Master became a Petitioner. 1872 J. G. Murphy Comm. Lev. xvi. ad fin.. The great Forgiver. Forgiving (fjJigi’viq), vbl. sb. Also 5-6 Sc. forgiffine, -yne. [f. Forgive v. + -ing 1.] The action of the verb Forgive. c 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. 1852 Lucrece, Be as be may, quod she, of forgyfynge. a 1460 Let. Jas. II, Chart. Aberd. 62 (Jam.) Not agaynstanding ony relessing, gyft, forgiffyne, or accordyng. c 1526 Frith Disput. Purgat. Wks. (1573) 29 Albeit man repente his forgeuyng and after¬ wards sue for his debt. 1533 Gau Richt Vay{ 1888) 8 Quhair thay sal get grace marcie and forgiffine of thair sinnis. Forgiving (fjngi-vig), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing K J That forgives ; inclined to forgive; indi¬ cating forgiveness. 1690 Norris Beatitudes (1694) I. 188 A mild, meek and forgiving Spirit. 1703 Rowe Fair Penit. iv. i. 1574 One forgiving Glance._ 1820 Keats Isabella xix, Of thee we now should ask forgiving boon. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 458 He was of no gentle or forgiving temper. Hence Forgi vingly adv. ; Forgi vingness. 1667 Flavel Saint Indeed (1754) 84 Never did any carry it more peaceably and forgivingly. 1742 Richardson Pamela III. 82 So much Sweetness, and so much Forgivingness. 1857 W. Collins Dead Secret 249 Remember me forgivingly, Arthur. 1865 J. Grote Moral Ideas viii. (1876) 114 Active forgivingness, the returning of good for evil. Forglopned, -glut: see For- pref?- 5 and 6. + Forgnaw, v. Obs. [OE. forgnagan, f. For- pref. 1 + gnagan to Gnaw.] trans . To gnaw in pieces, eat up ; lit. and fig. riooo /Elfric Horn. (Th.)II. 194 Gserstapan forgnojon swa hwcet swa se hagol belsefde. ai 225 Ancr. .tf.338 Godis god, hwon ich hit do..min vuel hit forgnaweo. £1290 Altenglische Legenden (Horstmann) I. 161 Somme .. hor wreche flesch uor gnowe. c 1325 Body < 5 * Soul 269 in Map’s Poems 343 Wormes for-gnowen heor alre throte. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) 11. xlv. 24 Somme had feete al forgnawen. + Forgnrde, v. Obs. Pa. t. forgnode. [OE. forgnldan , f. For- pref? -vgnidan to crush.] trans. To break, break to pieces ; to destroy. a 1000 Lamb. Ps. civ. [cv.] 16 He forgnad .. treow gemebru heora. a 1300 E. E. Psalter ibid., He. .alle festnes of bred forgnode. Ibid. cvi[i]. 16 He forgnod yhates brased ware. Forgo, forego (fpr, fo-ugJu- >, v . Pa. t. for-, forewent. Pa. pple. for-,foregone. Forms: see Go. [OE. forgan, -gangan, f. Foe- prefP + gan,gangan\ see Go.] •(* 1 . intr. To go away, go past, pass away. Obs. c 950 Lindisf Gosp. Matt. v. 18 Enne pride.. ne forgses from ae wi 5 6a huile alle sie. a 1300 Cursor M. 6264 (Cott.) pe see on aiper side pam stod Als walks tua, quils pai for yod. 1563 Sackville Induct. Mirr. Mag. xlix, And fast by him pale Malady was plac’d: Sore sick in bed, her colour all foregone. + 2 . trajis. To go by, pass over. lit. and fig. Hence, to leave alone or undone, neglect, overlook, slight. Obs. exc. arch. c 1000 ^Elfric Horn. (Th.) 1 .92 Se 5 e pis forgseiS his sawul losa 5 . c 1000 — Exod. xii. 23 He [Drihten] forga;p pas huses duru. a 1300 Cursor M. 25344 (Cott.) Grant vs pi maght..to luue vr euen cristen sua pat we pair lastes ma forga. la 1500 Trevisa sBarth. dcP . R. (1535) vi. xvi, He [the euyll seruant] forgeth [1398 forgendrep] all his Iordes nedes, and leaueth them vndone. 1858 Buckle Civiliz. (1869) II. i. 29 He. .never, .allowed the claims of his profession to make him forego the superior claims of his country. + 3 . To avoid, elude. Obs. rare — 1 . c 1305 Edmund Conf 301 in E. E. P. (1862) 79 per lurnede pis holi man.. pe deueles poer forgon. + b. To overreach, deceive. Obs. rare — 1 . 1382 Wyclif Col. Prol. 429 Thei weren forgon of false apostlis. 4 . To go from, forsake, leave. Obs. exc. arch. a 1300 Cursor M. 17012 (Gott.) Mannes saul. .wold neuer if it might pe bodi self forga. c 1340 Ibid. 13280 (Trin.) Petur and andrew.. wip o word haue pei ship forgone. 1530 Palsgr. 556/1 Shall I forgo your company nowe. 1622 Callis Stat. Sewers( 1647) 191 When D. was Banished, he then forewent his local Habitation. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. iv. 46 When to ripen’d Manhood he shall grow, The greedy Sailer shall the Seas forego. 1725 Pope Odyss. xn. 450 Vengeance, ye Gods ! or I the skies forego. 1821 Wordsw. Sonn., Clerical Integrity , Their altars they forego, their homes they quit. 1844 Mrs. Browning Catarina to Camoens iv, And if they looked up to you, All the light which has forgone them Would be gathered back anew. 5 . To abstain or refrain from (some action or procedure). Rarely with to and inf. as object. a 1000 La7us Cnnt § 85 in Thorpe Anc. Laws I. 424 paet he .. smeage .. hwset him sy to donne & to forganne. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 290 pys god man Seyn Dunston Hatede muche to crouny hym, 5yf he yt my^te ver gon. c 1420 Sir Amadace { Camden) xviii, Vnnethe he my3te forgoe to wepe. 1587 Turberv. Trag. T. (1837)9 The Authour heredeclareth the cause why hee. .forewent tne translation of the learned Poet Lucan. 1768 Beattie Minstr. 11. xlvi, Then jarring appetites forego their strife. 1842 Pusey Crisis Eng. Ch. 72 We forewent much which any of us might have desired to do. i860 Hawthorne Transform, xv, He had foregone to be a Christian reality. 1871 Freeman Hist. Ess. Ser. 1. x. 313 We forego any comparison between the two men. absol. 1810 Scott Lady of L. 11. xxxiv, Chieftains, forego ! I hold the first who strikes my foe. 6 . To abstain from, go without, deny to one¬ self ; to let go or pass, omit to take or use; to give up, part with, relinquish, renounce, resign. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 221 Forgang pu ones treowes westm. a 1225 Ancr. R. 8 Fleschs forgon oper visch. c 1400 Melayne 307 Bid hym hawkes & houndes forgoo, And to dedis of armes hym doo. 1561 T. Norton Calvin '’s Inst. iv. 3 No greate pleasure shoulde be forgone thereby. 1606 Shaks. Tr. $ Cr. v. viii. 9, I am vnarm’d, forgoe this vantage, Greeke. 1653 Milton Hirelings Wks. (1847) 435/1 Though Paul were pleas’d to forgo his due, and not to use his Power .. yet he had a Power. 1714 Gay Trivia 111. 300 Ah hapless Swain.. Canst thou forgo Roast-Beef for nauseous Pills? 1748 Hartley Observ. Matt 11. iii. 343 The Plea¬ sures are to be foregone, and the Pains accepted. 1828 E. Irving Serm. I. p. liv, Whatever He..forewent of infinite glory .. is to be placed to the account of mankind. 1848 Kingsley Saint’s Trag. 11. iv, Wear but one robe the less —forego one meal. 1849 M. Arnold New Sirens, Those slackened arms forgo The delight of death-embraces. + 7 . To go without (compulsorily), to be with¬ out ; to miss, lack. Obs. rare. a 1300 Cursor M. 3443 (Cott.) His wijf pat lang had child for-gane Now sco bredes tua for ane. C1340 Ibid. 23292 (Trin.) Mercy shul pei euer forgoon. <71400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xxxii. 147 Alssone as pai forga pe smell of pam pai dye. #1400-50 Alexander 188 And gett agayn his awyn gronde at he forgais nowe. + b. To let go (involuntarily), lose, forfeit. Obs. c 1205 Lay. 22130 Ale mon pe his lond hafde for-gan. c 1491 C/iast. Goddes CJtyld. 9 Hem thynken oftymes that they maye neuer forgoo the likyng that they haue. 1587 Golding Dc Mornay xxvi. 395 He had sodainly forgone his sight, which was afterv/ard restored againe. absol. c 1450 tr. De Imitations iii. liv, pere shal be plente of all good wipoute drede of lesyng or forgoyng. + 8. 'Only in pa. pple.: Exhausted with going, wearied, faint. Also, faint with emotion. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 3527 (Cott.) Quen he al weri was for¬ gan Ham he tok his wai o-nan. 13.. Coer de L. 5472 Myn [horses] ar wery and forgon. c 1330 Amis Sp A mil. 1054 Than seighe he a weri knight forgon, Vnder a tre slepeand alon. c 1384 Chaucer H. Fame 1. 115 He that wery was for-go On pilgrimage myles two. 1597 T. Beard Theat. Gods Judgem. (1612) 350 The poor slave, all forgone at this . .ouglie sight, looked everie minute to be devoured. Hence Forgo ing' vbl. sb. ; Forgo *ne ppl. a. Also Forgo’er, one who forgoes (something). 1549 Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Col. ii. 12 After suche forgoyng of your bodyes, which were thral to sinne. 1611 Cotgr., Abandonneur.. forgoer. 1627 Sanderson Serm. I. 268 They chuse to be still ignorant, rather than hazard the forgoing of any part of that freedom. 1736 Butler Anal. 1. v. Wks. 1874 I. 93 The voluntary foregoing many things which we desire. 1828 Webster, P'oregoer, one who forbears to enjoy. Ibid., Foregone, forborne to be possessed or enjoyed. Forgotten (ffXigp-t’n), ppl. a. [pa. pple. of Fokget z\] a. Not remembered, that has passed from the mind or out of remembrance, b. Omitted or neglected through inadvertence. 1429 Wills $ Inv. N. C. (Surtees 1835) 78, I gyf to the vicar of Seint Nicholas kyrk for forgetyn tendes c*. 1527 Will in Southwell Visit. (1891) 128 For forgoten tithes vjs. viijd. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, iv. v. 116 Onely compound me with forgotten dust. 1870 L’Estrange Miss Mitford. I. v. 113 Agood deal of forgotten poetry. 1887 Bowen Virg. Hsneid 1. 358 A forgotten treasure that lay Long from the daylight buried. •| - Forgrai th, v. Obs. [f. Yov.-pref.~ + Guaith v. ] trans. To get ready beforehand, prepare. Hence + Forgrai thing vbl. sb., preparation. a 1300 E. E. Psalter ix. 38 [x. 17] For-gra[i]>ynge of hair 454 FOREJUDGE. FORGROW. hert herd ere June. Ibid. xx[i]. 12 In |?aire leuynges for- graij>e lickam of J?a. Forgreat, -greme: see For - pref A 3, 10. + Forgrow*, v. Obs. rare exc. in pa. pple. for- grown. Forms: see Grow. [OE. forgrSwan , f. For- prefy +growan : see Grow v .] 1 . intr. To grow to excess or out of shape. Only in pa. ppl z. for grown, overgrown, misshapen. a 1000 Riming Poem (Gr.) 46 Brondhord geblowen breos- tum in forgrowen. 1399 Sarcastic Verses in Archaeol. XXI. 89 pis is a busch pat is forgrowe. 1543 Grafton Contn. Harding 599 A pylgremes hat. .with a long and for¬ growen bearde. 1565 Golding Ovid's Met. 1. (1593) *4 So foule a Dragon, .somonstrously for-growne. 1576 Newton Lemnie's Complex. (1633) 133 Although the party be fat and forgrowne. 1601 Bp. Andrf.wes Serm. Matt. xxii. 21 (1641) II. 96 The fat and foregrown rammes within our own fold. Jig. 1583 Golding Calvin on Dent, clxxxii. 1129 An euill custome is nothing else than an errour forgrowen. 2 . trans. To overgrow, cover with a growth (usually one that is excessive or unsightly). £1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 129 Forpi is bis westren for- grouwen mid brimbles. 1399 Pol. Poems (Rolls) 1 .363 The long gras that is so grene .. forgrowen hit hath the fellde. 1494 Fabyan Citron, v. cxx. 97 The towne of Westmynster .. that tyme was forgrowen with busshes. a 1535 More IVks. 74 The ground that is al foregrowen with nettels. 1575 Laneham Let. (1871) 14 Hombre Saluagio..forgrone all in moss and Iuy. b. In pa. pple. (of aged persons) : Overgrown or covered (with hair). Hence (lor from sense i), Extremely old. c 1430 Lydg. Boc/ias ix. x. (1554) 201b, With heere for- groiven body and visage, c 1440 Generydes 3667 A man that was right ferr in age.. And all for growe. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vil. 605 In the bordour of this dilicious place .. Stode ii. forgrowen faders, reasemblyng Ennok and Hely. x 5 2 7 Prose Life St. Brandan (Percy) 52 He was olde and for-growen so that no man myght se his body. t Forgui'lt, v. Obs. Forms : 3 Orm. forr- gilltenn. Pa. t. 3 forgilt, -gult. Pa. pple. 2-3 forgilt, -gult, Orm. -gilltedd. [OE. *forgyltan, f. Foe -prefX +gyltan to sin.] 1 . traits. To bring into a state of guilt. Only refl. or in pass. Const. wiS, gsen. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 27 3 ifb u ert swiSe for-gult wi 5 pine eordliche lauerd he [etc.]. £1200 Ormin 2619 pe deofell .. stannddepp .. To don uss to forrgilltenn uss 3aen Godd. a 1225 Ancr. R. 388 Al pet is i 5 e worlde he werp under ure uet bestes ant fueles, ear we weren uorgulte. 2 . To forfeit by guilty conduct. Also, to bring into by guilt. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 19 Er we weren al forgult in to helle. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 211 He forgilt heuene wele, and haueS helle wowe. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 1 Plente me may in Engelond of alle gode y se, Bute folc yt for gulte o(>er 3eres fe worse be. c 1300 Harrow. Hell 166 pou laddest ous to parays, We hit forgulten ase vnwys. la 1350 Arth. y Met/. (Line. Inn MS.) 593 Til Lucifer hit forgult wip pryde. Forhale, -hang : see For- prefX 5. t Forhard, v. Obs .— 1 [jsliL.forhardien (trans.), OE. forheardian (intr.), f. Fob -prefX + heardian to become or make hard.] trans. To harden. c 1250 Gen. 4 Ex. 3338 For it [rr. the manna] malt at Se sunne-sine, OcoSerfir for-hardede [printed forhadede]hine. t Forharden, v. Obs.-'- [f. For- prefX + Harden v.] trans. = prec. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. lxxiii. 15 They become for- hardened, and shaking of the feare of God, do therwithal cast away the hope of salvation. t Forha're, v. Obs. rare — *. [f. For- pref 1 + Hare v.] trans. To affright or harry exceedingly. Bp. Gauden Serm. at Fun. Bp. Brounrig (1660) 55 Elisha’s cry is not. .a bare clamor insignificant, as one scared and forehared. Forhead, -heed: see For - prefX 3, 5. + Forhe'cche, v. Obs. Pa. pple. forhaht. [f. For- pref . 1 : the verbal element is obscure.] trans. To despise. £1230 Hali Me id. 41 He forhohecS [v. r. forheccheS] pe anan. a 1310 in Wright’s Lyric P. x. 37 Thenne mihti .. ben hated ant for-haht. t ForheTe, v. Obs. Pa. pple. forholen. [OE. forhelan, f. For- pref . 1 + helan to hide = OFris., OS. farhelan (Du. verheleti), OHG. farferhelan (MHG. verheln , Ger. verheh!en).~\ trans. To hide, conceal; with personal obj. in dat. or preceded by wip. c888 K. TElfred Boeth. xvii, Hast mine craeftas and anweald ne wurden forsitene and forholene. c 1000 TElfric Gen. xviil 17 Hu mass ic forhelan Abrahante, Se ic don wille. 1154 O. E. Chron. an. 1137 [Hi] wenden Saet it sculde ben forholen. c 1200 Ormin 2468 Itt shollde wunpenn wel Forrholenn wi]>h he defell. 13.. K. Alls. 6967 Thy traitour schal beo forhole. c 1430 How Good Wijf taujle Doujtir in Babees Bk. (1868) 39 Schewe it to hi freendis, & for-hile holt it no}t. t Forhevedness. Obs. [OE. for/isefedness, f. forhxfed (pa. pple. of forhabban to restrain, f. For- prefX + liabban to Have, hold) + -ness.] Restraint, continence, abstinence. £900 tr. Baeda's Hist. iv. xxvi. [xxv]. (1890)352 He .. in micelre forhaefdnesse Drihtne peowade. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 101 To michel forheuednesse on hete and on wete maca <5 pene mon unhalne. t Forhew, v. Obs. Forms : Pa. t. 3 forheow. Pa. pple. 4-5 forhewen. [OE .forhdawan (f. For- pre/J + heawati to Hew) = OS. forhawan , OHG. | furhouwan (MHG. verhouwen, Ger. verhaneii).~\ trans. To hew or cut to pieces. a 1000 Byrhtnoth 115 (Gr.) He mid billum wear '5 .. swi 3 e forheawen. a 1205 Lay. 4593 He for-heow pcenne msest a- two riht amidden. c 1380 Sir Fcrumb. 899 And eke ys noble aketoun was [al] for-hewe & schente. c 1450 Merlin 234 Er thei were alle ynne ther were many slayn and for hewen. 1470-85 Malory Arthur vii. xii, Their sheldes and theyr hauberkes were al forhewen. 1563 Sackville In¬ duct. Mirr. Mag. lvii, His face forhewed with woundes. 1 Forlli'de, v. Obs. [ 0 \i. forJiydan (f. For- 1 + hydan to Hide) ; = \XX.ferhudcu.\ trans. To hide. t iooo Ags. Ps. cxxxix. [cxl.] 5 (Gr.) Forhyddan oferhydje me inwit-gyrene. c 1250 Gen. Ex. 1875 Longe it weren < 5 or forhid. £1340 Cursor M. 5263 (Fairf.) Sone quy squa forhidde pou pe. + Forhi’ght, v. Obs. Forms: i forhatan, 2-3 forhote. Pa. t. 3-4 forhet, 4 Se. forhicht. [OE. forhatan str. vb., f. For -prefX + hdtan to promise, command : see IIight ».] 1 . trans. To promise not to do, enjoy or practise (something) ; to renounce. £ 1000 ^Elfric Past. Ep. § 47 Buton he hit forhaten haebbe. £ 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 199 Danne forsake we ure sinnes mid heorte and for-hote 5 mid mu 5 e. <21225 Ancr. R. 192 }e.. ine blostme of ower 3uwe$e uorheten alle worldes blissen. £ 1305 Edmund Conf. 86 in E. E. P. (1862) 73 He .. forhet bifore hire truliche wommanes mone. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints , Nicolaus 965 pai forhicht mare to steile. 2 . To forbid. £ 1315 Shoreham 162 Thou dedest by thine wyves stevene Thet was for-hote. 3 . To promise. [Cf. Ger. verheiszen .] a 1300 Cursor M. 11334 (Cott.) Godd has .. sent pam pat he lang for-hight. + ForhiTl, v. Obs. [f. For- prefX + Hill zl] trans. To cover ; to protect. a 1300 E. E. Psalter xc[i]. 14 For-hile him I sal, for mi name knewe he. a 1400-50 Alexander 1063 Ane hert with a hoge heued .. Was to behald as a harrow foreheld [forhelid] with tyndez. Hence Forhilling* vbl. sb., in quot. quasi -concr. protection. Also ForhiTler, a protector. a 1300 E. E. Psalter xvii[i]. 18 Made is Laverd mi for- [ hilinge. Ibid. 30 For-hiler es he Of al pat in him hopand be. Forhoai\ed : see For- pref . 1 9, 10. + ForhoTd, v. Obs . \OY. forhealdan (in sense forsake, lose), f. FOR- pref i 1 + healdan to Hold; = MLG. vorholden .] trans. To detain, withhold. Hence ForhoTde(n ppl. a., held over, kept too long. Beowulf 2381 (Gr.) HaTdon hy forhealden helm Scylfinga. £888 K. Alfred Boeth. xxix. § 1 035 e hi beop begen for¬ healden. £ 1250 Gen. <5- Ex. 2026 An time he was at hire t^eld .. she him his mentel for-held, c 1275 xi Pains of Hell 78 in O. E. Misc. 149 A water..pat .. stynkep so for- holde lych. Forhow*, Obs. exc. Sc. Forms: 1 forhojian, 2 -hu^ian, 3 -howien, -ho3ien, -hu^ien, 4-8 forhue, 9 forhoo, forhooy, 8- forhow. [OE. forhogian , f. For- prefl + hogian to think, care.] + 1 . trans. To despise, scorn. Obs. £900 tr. Bxdcis Hist. 11. ii. (1890) 102 Gif he ponne eow eac forho^ie .. sy he ponne from eow forho^ad. £1160 Hatton Gosp. Matt, xxiii. 10 pset 3e ne for-hu^ien mnne of pissen lytlingen. a 1225 Ancr. R. 166 Worldliche pinges to . .forhowien. c 1230 Hali Meid. 25 Forhohe for to don hit pat he punched uuel of. a 1300 Cursor M. 15107 (Cott.) We wend he had for-huud vs all. 2 . To forsake, quit. a 1300 Cursor M. 23047 (Edin.) pe formast raw. .patsinne and sak for him forhuid. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 8258 ar fore saint dunstan he pursued Whils he englande for- ued. 1753 A. Murphy Gray's-Inn Jrnl. No. 39 r 1 It gives me muckle Trouble to see the English forehuing their Neest, and giving it up to the Cheeld of Israel. 1768 Ross Helenore 99 Ye did her so treach’rously forhow. a 1835 Hogg Kilmeny xxiv, And the merl and the mavis forhooyed their young. 1871 W. Alexander Johnny Gibb ii. (1873) 15 The laird wud hae to forhoo’s bit bonny nest. Hence + Torhower, a forsaker. f Forhoght, contempt. a 1300 E. E. Psalter cxviii. [cxix.] 22 Bere fra me vp- braidinge and for-hoghte. 1513 Douglas VEneis xii. i. 36 3 on ilk Troiane forhowar of Asya [desertorem Asia?]. t Forhu'nger, v. Obs. [f. Fob- prefX + Hunger v. ; — Ger. verhungern .] trans. To make very hungry; to cause to die of hunger ; to starve. Only in pa. pple. and ppl. adj. Forhumgered. £ 1200 Ormin 11567 Iesu Crist forrhunngredd wass. c 1275 Lay. 23562 Mid pan wrecche folke pat lai par for-hongered. £ 1350 Will. Palcrtiezsis pei. .eten at here ese, for pei were for-hungred. £1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 964 The knave..was for-ungrid sore. 1481 Caxton Rey?iard (Arb.) 114 They ..eten them lyke as they were forhongred hounds. 1894 F. S. Ellis Reynard 324 They, .rob them like for-hungered hounds. f Forllirsh, V. Obs. Only in pa. t. forhuste. [f. For- preff + ? OE. hyscan to mock.] trans. To deride. c 1205 Lay. 29021 pe king heo for-husten. + Fo ricate, v. nouce-wd. [f. L.forica a privy + -ate 3 .] 1615 Sir E. Hoby Curry-combe title-p., In answer to a lewd Libell lately foricated by Jabal Rachil. Foridled: see You-pref . 1 9. Forinsec (f^ri*nsek), a. Obs. exc. Hist. Also 8 erron. forensic, [ad. L. ( servitium ) forinsecwn i med.L. (adj.) f. L .forinsecus (adv.) out of doors, f. foris + seats, after the analogy of extrinsecns .] Only in forinsec sewice =- 1 foreign service *: see Foreign a. 11. 1741 Chambers Cycl. s .v. Service, Forensic or extrinsic Service .. was a service which did not belong to the chief lord, but to the king. 1855 Brichan Orig. Paroch. Scot. II. 11. 406 Every other service except the forinsec service of the king when required. Forinsec(k, -secal, obs. ff. Forensic, -al. + Fori nsecal, a. Obs. Also 6 forincy-, forynsicall, 6-7 forinsecall. [f. as prec. + -al.] = Foreign a. in various senses; alien, extrinsic; in, pertaining to, or coming from another country. 1539 T. Chapman in Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden Soc.) p. xvi, Not to follow the supersticious tradicions of ony foryncicall potentate or peere. c 1540 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camd. No. 29) I. no While they mayntained forinsecall battayles. 1658 J. Robinson Eudoxa 11. 126 All salts, whether vitriol or allum, whose encrease is by apposition of forinsecall matter. 1659 D. Pell Impr. Sea Proem. B b, Who will say that this Act (under God) is not Englands safety from Forinsical Invasions? 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. in. vi, They disdain all forinsecal motives to it; and love Virtue only for Virtue’s sake. t Fori’rk, v. Obs. [f. For- prefX + Irk.] intr. To grow weary or disgusted. Const, of or to with inf. c 1250 Gen. Ex. 3658 Of manna he ben for-hirked to eten. 1563 Mirr. Mag., Hen. Dk. Buck/un. xlvi. His wife foreyrked [ed. 1587 foreyrking] of his raygne, Sleping in bed this cruel wretche hath slayne. Forisfamiliate (fof ris|fami-li|^t), v. Civil and Sc. Law. Pa. pple. Sc. 7 -at, 9 -ate. [f. ppl. stem of med.L. forisfa miliar e, f. foris outside + familia family.] (See quots.) 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. Table 80 Forisfamiliat the sonne is be the father, quhen the father giues to him ane certaine part of his heretage, and he is content therewith. 1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law 1. (1809) no A child who gets a separate stock .. even though he should continue in the father’s house, may be said to be emancipated or foris¬ familiated. 1879 W. E. Hearn Aryan Househ. 132 A son was said to be foris-familiated if his father assigned to him part of his land and gave him seisin thereof. 1880 J. Skel¬ ton Crookit Meg xiii. 157 The lasses are a’ forisfamiliate. Fo:risfami:lia*tion. The action of forisfami¬ liating (a son); also transf. 1767 A. Campbell Lexiph. (1774) 25 A forisfamiliation out of the universe. 1818 Scott Rob Roy iii, My father could not be serious in the sentence of forisfamiliation. 1837 Hallam Hist. Lit ., III. iv. § 99. 399 That [period] of emanci¬ pation or foris-familiation. Forje'skit, pple. Sc. [Cf. For- prefX and Disjasket.] Jaded, tired out. 1785 Burns 2 nd Ep. to J. Lapraik ii, Forjesket sair, with weary legs. 1826 G. Beattie John o' AmhcC in Life 228 The fiend, forjeskit, tried to 'scape. fForjotrst, v. Obs. [f. For- prefX + Joust zl] trans. To overcome or overthrow in jousting. ?« 1400 Morte Arth. 1398 Syr Marschalle de Mowne es.. ffore-justyde at that journee. a 1440 Sir Degrev. 1897 At Portgaff was he slone, ffor-justyd with a Soudone. c 1470 Harding Chron. cxLvn.xiii, He foriust the duke full manly. 1470-85 Malory A rthur vm. xxxix, He foriusted alle that were there. Forjudge, forejudge (fadifds), v. Also 4-5 forjuge,(5forjugge), 5-7 forjudge, 6-9 fore¬ judge. [In sense 1, ad. OF. for-, fors-,fourjugier, i. foris-. For- prefX + jugier Judge v. In sense 2 the prefix seems to have been taken as For- 1.] 1 . To exclude, oust, or dispossess by a judgement. Const, from, of, or with double obj. Obs. exc. in Law. [1292 Britton i. xiv. § 4 Si soint il forjugez de chescune ley et hors de nostre pes.j c 1470 Harding Chron. cxiv. xix, He was depriued of his estate. .Foriuged hole from [all] his magestee. 1491 Act 7 Hen. VII , c. 16 It was enacted .. that John Duke of Norfolk .. shuld .. be .. forjuged of all honour, a 1577 Sir T. Smith Commw. Eng. (1609) 90 His lands v in all cases of felony are commonly lost from him and his heires, if he be foreiudged, that is, condemned fora felon by the law. 1641 Termes de la Ley 164 If an Attourneyor other officer in any Court bee put out and forbidden to use the same, he is said to be forjudged the Court. 1642 tr. Perkins' Prof. Bk. v. § 432. 186 If. .the tenant bringeth a Writ of Mesne against the Mesne, and forejudgeth him. 1643 Prynne Sov. Pcrzuer Pari. 1. 12 The same Justices were forejudged of their lives. 1765 Blackstone Comm. I. 134 It is enacted by the statute 5 Edw. III. c. 9. that no man shall be forejudged of life or limb, contrary to the great charter. 1883 F. Pollock Land Laws (1887) 25 When a man is forejudged of life and lands for cowardice in battle. J* b. To prohibit (from). Obs. 1 <>7S Camden's Hist. Eliz. iv. 589 The Navigation of the English into those Parts would for the future be forejudged and wholly barred. 1697 View Penal Laws 151 For the fourth shall be forejudged from ever keeping an Inn again. + 2 . To condemn judicially (to a penalty). Obs. I 39 ° Gower Conf. III. 192 Alisaundre .. a worthy knight Of sodein wrath and nat of right Forjuged hath. 1423 Jas. I Kingis Q. iii, From estate, by fortune a quhile Foriugit was to pouert in exile. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vii, 568 [They] were takyn as prysoners in the Towre of London, and soone after foriugyd, hanged, and hedyd. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. xii. 1 The greater part of men forjudge miser¬ able folk to destruction. 1752 Carte Hist. Eng. III. 606 She. .being already condemned and forejudged to die. Hence Forju dging vbl. sb. 1651 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 11. iii. (1739) 20 No. .fore¬ judging of Life, .against the form of the Grand Charter. FORJUDGEMENT. 455 FORK. + Forjudgement. Obs. [a. OF. forjugement, f. forjngicr to Forjudge.] =ncxt. 153X Dial. Laws of Eng. 11. xliii. 89 a, It is comonly holden that if an enfant had nat ben excepted in the statute of foriugement, that the foriugement sholde haue bounde him. 1628 Coke On Litt. 11. vi. § 142. 100 The iudgement in case of foriudgement is [etc.]. Forjudger (f^-id^irdsai). Law. Also 5 for- jugger, 8-9 forejudger. [a. Anglo-Fr. for- jtiger = OF .forjugier pres. inf. (see Forjudge v.) used as sb.; cf. Demurrer.] A judgement or sentence of deprivation, expulsion, or banishment. Applied spec, to the ousting of a mesne lord by a writ of mesne. 1496-7 Act 12 Hen. VII, c. 11 § 1 The seid Acte .. of .. forjugger and forfeiture. 1628 Coke On Litt. n. vi. § 142. 100 Foriudger in that case is not given against his heire. 1641 in Termesde la Ley 164. 1850 in Burrill Law Diet. transf. 17x6 M. Davies A then. Brit. II. To Rdr. 23 The Insatiable Rich..become Drum- and Trumpet-Proof to the sacred Forejudgers, Mat. 25. 41, 42, Luke 14. 13, 21 [etc.]. + Forju're, forejure, v. Obs. [a. OF. for- jure-r — med.L. forisjurare, really two distinct words : (i) f. for For- prefo +jnrer L. jurdre to swear ; (2) f. med.L. foris prep, outside + jura laws, rights.] 1 . brans. To forswear; to abandon, abjure, quit. x6oi F. Tate Househ. Orel. Edw. II, § 90 (1876) 53 No man shalbe avantalour who hath forjured the Court. 2 . To exclude from civil rights. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. Ixix. (1739) 182 Bail shall not be allowed to Outlaws fore-jured. Fork (fjpik), sb. Also 1 forca, {myx-)f orce, 3 pi. furken, 4-6 for eke, 4-7 forke. [OE .forca wk. masc., force wk. fern., ad. L. furca fern., fork (for hay, etc.), forked stake, gallows, yoke. The use of the word in Eng. was doubtless extended by the influence of the ONF. form forque,fourque(Czntxa\ OF. forciie,fourche), from which some of the Eng. senses are de¬ rived. The L. word is found in nearly all the Rom. and Teut. langs.: cf. Pr .forca, Sp. horca , Bg. forca, It. furca, OHG. furcha (mod. Ger. furke ), Du. vork, all chiefly in sense ‘ pitchfork *; also ON .forkr, forked stake.] I. A pronged instrument. 1 . An implement, chiefly agricultural, consisting of a long straight handle, furnished at the end with two or more prongs or tines, and used for carrying, digging, lifting, or throwing ; also with word pre¬ fixed indicating its use, as digging-, dung-, hay-, tic. fork: see those words; also Fire-fork, Pitch- fork, etc. c 1000 Hllfric Horn. (Th.) 1 .430 Da cwelleras.. wiS-ufan mid heora forcum hine 5 ydon. c 1000 — Gloss, in Wr.-Wulcker 154 Furcilla , litel forca. a 1310 in Wright’s Lyric P. no Mon in the mone..on is bot forke is burthen he bereth. 1382 Wvclif 1 Sam. xiii. 21 Eggys .. of diggynge yrens, and of forkis .. weren blunt. 14x3 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) hi. viii. 55 Suche folke .. to bynde in fagottes and cast them with forkes into the fyre. 1523 Fitzherb. Hush. § 24 A good husbande hath his forkes and rakes made redye in the wynter before. 1573 Baret Alv. F 892 A Forke, or trout speare with three points, fuscina. 1573 Tusser Husb. liii. (1878) 120 At Midsommer, downe with the brembles and brakes, and after, abrode with thy forks and thy rakes. X700 Dryden Cock Fox 727 The crew, With forks and staves the felon to pursue. 1719 London & Wise Compl. Gard. viii. 196 We must use an Iron Fork to draw them out of the Nursery-Beds. X784 Cowper Task hi. 479 Lightly, shaking it with agile hand From the full fork, i860 Delamer Kitch. Gard. (1861) 16 A fork for tak¬ ing up potatoes, &c., and spreading dung. fig. in Proverb, a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Creiu, Fork is often Rakes Heir, or after a scraping Father comes a scatter¬ ing Son. 1725 New Cant. Diet., Fork is also used for a Spendthrift, etc. + b. A similar implement used as a weapon. 13.. K. Alis. 1191 Fiftene thousand of fot laddes, That .. hadde, Axes, speres, forkis, and slynges. 1598 Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. 78 Some with poles or forks ouerthrew this sluggish lump : leauing them for halfe dead lying on the ground. 1678 tr. Gaya's A rms of War 29 The Forks are the same with the common Forks, but they have little Hooks. + c. The forked tongue (popularly supposed to be the sting) of a snake. Obs. 1603 Shaks. Meas.for M. in. i. 16 Thou dost feare the soft and tender forke Of a poore worme. 1605 — Macb. iv. i. 16. 2 . An instrument with two, three, or four prongs, used for holding the food while it is being cut, for conveying it to the mouth, and for other purposes at table or in cooking. For carving-, dessert-, fish-, pickle-, table-fork, etc. see those words. 1463 Bury Wills (Camden) 40, I beqwethe to Davn John Kertelynge my silvir forke for grene gyngour. 1554 Ibid. 147, I geve and bequeath my neighbo r .. my spone with a forke in the end. 1589 Pasquils Ret. D iij, At the signe of the siluer forke and the tosted cheese. 1605 B. Jonson Volpotie iv. i, Then must you learn the use And handling of your silver fork at meals. 1724 R. Falconer Voy.(iy6g) 65, I had in my Pocket a Knife and Fork. 1766 Smollett Trav. 35 The poorest tradesman in Boulogne has .. silver forks with four prongs. 1838 Dickens Nick. Nick, vii, He laid down his knife and fork. b. Forks and knives : the name of the club- moss Lycopodium clavatum. 1853 G. Johnston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. I. 257. 3 . Used in pi. for the prongs of a fork. Also transf. Cf. 12. 1674 N. Cox Gcntl. Recreat. iv. (1677) 40 An Eel-spear .. Is made for the most part with three Forks or Teeth. 1702 Addison Dial. Medals Wks. 1721 I. 447 A thunderbolt with three forks. 1767 H. Kelly, etc. Babler I. 280 A couple of tushes that project a surprising way from the mouth, like the forks of an elephant. b. pi. {slang). The fingers. Hence, a pick¬ pocket (B. E. Did. Cant. Crew la 1700). 1812 J. H. Vaux Plash Did., Forks, the two fore-fingers; to put your forks dozuti, is to pick a pocket. 1834 Ains¬ worth Rookivood hi. v, No dummy hunter had forks so fly. 4 . A steel instrument with two prongs which, when set in vibration, gives a musical note; called more fully a tuning-fork. 1799 Young in Phil. Trans. XC. 134 The fork was a comma and a half above the pitch .. of an imaginary C. CX865 J. Wylde in Circ. Sc. I. 275/r If the fork be struck against any hard body, .its prong, .vibrates. II. Applied to various objects having two (or more) branches. f 5 . A gallows. Also pi. Cf. Forche i [So OF. fourchc{s, L. furca ; the Roman gallows was originally of the shape A.] c 1205 Lay. 5720 pe furken [1275 forkes] weoren arcered, heo teuwen up |?a 3isles, and heom f?er hengen. 1399 Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 379 He shulde have hadde hongynge on hie on the fforckis. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I . 121 Lat him end his lyf vpon ane fork, a 1680 Butler Rem. II. 195 They had run through all punishments, and just ’scaped the fork. + b. Rom. Ant. Used to render L. furca , ( a ) the ‘yoke* under which defeated enemies were made to pass as a token of their submission; ( [b ) the forked stake used as a whipping-post. a 1616 Beaum. & Fl. Bonduca 11. iv, The forks Where you shall have two lictors with two whips Hammer your hide. 1618 Bolton Floras 1. xvi. 48 Passing them naked under Forkes, or Gallowses. 1683 Dryden & Lee Duke of Guise iv. v, We passed Like beaten Romans underneath the fork. 6. A stake, staff, or stick with a forked end : a. as a prop for a vine or tree; b. a rest for a musket; cf. Forcat. C. (See quot.). d. Mining (Derby- sh.) : see quot. 1881. e. A divining-rod. a. 1389 Helmingham MS. 21. 17 b, Forkis .. to bere up |?e vyne. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 423 Some have put two little Forks about the bottom of their Trees, to keep them up¬ right. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 43 The boughs .. propped up by forks. b. 1591 Garrard Art Warre 7 To traine hys Forke or Staffe after hym whitest he..doth charge hys Musket. c. 1726 Gentlem. Angler 149 A Fork. Vide Rest [for a fishing rod]. d. 1747 Hooson Mineds Did. G iij b, If.. we think it will let the Forks settle when they come to be weighted, we put a Sill under them. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., Fork .. apiece of wood supporting 4 he side of an excavation in soft ground. e. 1886 A. Winchell Walks $ Talks Geol. Field 137 Some .. even resorted to the witch-hazel fork [in * prospect¬ ing ’ for petroleum], 7 . Building. See quots. 1868, 1883. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. I. 522 Let make an hous for bestis .. Of forkis, & of boord. 1792 Mastin Hist. Antiq. Naseby 9 The most antique architecture, called forked building, which forks are all of oak. 1841 Anc. Laws Wales 351 Thirty pence is the value of every fork that shall support the roof tree. 1868 Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., Forks , the centres, in the timber-work of the roof of a shed, house or other building; commonly, ‘a pair of forks ’. 1883 Seebohm Village Co?nmunity 239 Their [the trees’] extremities bend¬ ing over make a Gothic arch, and crossing one another at the top, each pair makes a fork, upon which the roof-tree is fixed. These trees supporting the roof-tree are called gavaels, forks, or columns. + 8. An at. Fork of the throat or breast ; app. the sternal bone together with the clavicles. Obs. [ = med.L. fiircula, OY.fourcelle ; the words seem to have been used very vaguely, and it is often impossible to deter¬ mine the exact sense.] c 1400 Laufranc's Cirurg. 516 For brekyng of \>e forke of \>e J> rote and °f b e brest. c 1535 Dewes Introd. Fr. in JPalsgr. 900 The forke of the brest .. fourcelle. 1639 De Gray Compl. Horsem. 39 The Forke or Throat hath five [bones]. + 9 . The barbed head of an arrow. Obs. 1605 Shaks. Lear 1. i. 146 Make from the shaft. Kent. Let it fall rather, though the forke inuade The region of my heart. 10 . In various technical uses. a. A piece of steel fitting into the socket or chuck of a lathe, used for carrying round the piece to be turned. 1858 in Simmonds Did. Trade. b. (also forks'): see quot. 1888 Lockwoods Did. Mech. Engin., Belt Fork, or Strap Fork , a pair of prongs standing out from a strap bar and enclosing a space within which the belt or strap of a machine fitted with fast and loose pulleys runs. 1893 Labour Com¬ mission Gloss., Forks. In mill sawing machinery the forks are two upright pieces of iron one on each side of the band moved by a lever to throw the band on or off the driving wheels. c. The front or back projection of a saddle. 1833 Reg. Instr. Cavalry 1. 46 The pummel or fore fork. Ibid. 42 The Blanket, .to be raised well into the fork. 11 . Muting. (See quots.) 1778 Pryce Min. Comub., Forcque, Fork, the bottom of the Sumph. Forking the water, is drawing it all out; and when it is done, they say..‘ the Engine is in Fork ’. 1869 R. B. Smyth Goldf. Victoria 611 When a mine is in fork the bottom of the engine-shaft is clear of water. 12 . [From the verb.] A forking, bifurcation, or division into branches; the point at which any¬ thing forks. Hence, each of the branches into which anything forks, a. gen. *398 Trevisa Barth . De P. R. v. xviii. (1495) 123 The endes of thyse bones ben departed and haue two forkes. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 375 The forked values making certain gaping fissures betweene their forkes. 1674 N. Cox Gcntl. Recreat. iv. (1677) io Those sixty Carps were from Eye to Fork from fifteen Inches to eighteen Inches. 1830 Herschel Stud. Nat. Phil. 84 We cross the two first fingers of one hand, and place a pea in the fork between them. b. In the human body, the part at which the lower limbs proceed from the trunk. Also {sing. and pi.), the lower limbs themselves; the lower half of the body. Cf. Forchure. 1605 Shaks. Lear iv. vi. 121. 1631 [see Chining vbl. *$.]. 1812 Examiner 12 Oct. 652/a, You are not long enough in the fork for the — dragoons. 1872 Baker Nile Tribut. xiv. 234 The thigh, and entire leg from the fork to the ankle. c. The point at which a river divides into two, or the point of junction of two rivers; a branch or tributary. Chiefly U.S. 1753 C. Gist Jrnls. (1893) 80 We. .got to the big fork of said river. 1837 W. Irving Capt. Bonneville (1849) 4 1 The fork of the Nebraska, where it divides itself into two equal and beautiful streams. 1839 Murchison Silur. Syst. 1. xxix. 372 N. and S. forks of the great estuary of Milford Haven. 18.. Scenes Rocky Alts. 50 (Bartlett) Their village, at the Forks of the Platte. 1877 J. A. Allen Amer. Biso?i 515 Great herds on the east fork of the Salmon River. d. of a road. 1839-40 W. Irving Wolfert's R. (1855) 281 A fork in the road, i860 Pusey Min. Proph. 241 Taking the fork where the ways parted, in order to intercept the fugitives. 1883 Howard Roads (ed. 3) 47 Here take the right hand fork. e. of a plant or tree. 1776 Withering Brit. Plants (1796) II. 200 Fruit-stalk., rising from the fork of the stem. 1843 Zoologist I. 228 The raven’s nest was placed in a fork .. of one of these trees. 1871 G. Meredith H. Richmond xv, Torches were struck in clefts of the trees, or in the fork of the branches. f. A flash (of forked lightning); a tongue of flame. 1859 Tennyson Vivien 939 Dazzled by the livid-flickering fork. 1871 Palgrave Lyr. Poems 58 A fork of flame from Vesuvius Through his black cone went on high. + 13 . fg. a. nonce-use. The union of two lines of descent, b. A dilemma, choice of alternatives; also, a dichotomy, distinction. Obs. 1559 Mirr. Flag., Dk. Clarence vi, Of which two houses ioyned in a forke, My father.. was lawful heire beget, a 1616 Beaum. & Fl. Bloody Brother 111. ii, There is a fork, sir, In death. .Man may be two ways killed. 1670 Hobbes Behe- moth{i%4o) 214 Declining the force of true reason by verbal forks, .distinctions that signify nothing. 14 . Caudiite Forks = L. Furcse or Furculse Cau- dinte: proper name of a defile near Caudium, in Samnium, where the Romans were intercepted in the second Samnite war. Hence proverbially used for: A crushing defeat. 1618 Bolton Floras 1. xvi. 48 The most notable and famous foyle .. was received at the Forkes of Caudium. 1781 J. Q. Adams in Fam. Lett. (1876) 403 The Romans never saw but one Caudine Forks in their whole history. Americans have shown the Britons two in one war. III. attrib. and Comb. 15 . a. objective, as fork-grinder, etc.; b. para- synthetic and similative, as fork-like, - shaped, -tongued adjs.; fork-wise adv. 1844-5 Dodd Did. Manuf., s.v. Fork-inaking, The *fork- grinders are too often a reckless body of men. 1889 Daily News 11 Nov. 2/6 With the exception of the fork grinders there is no actual agitation. 1611 Cotgr., Fourcheure, A forkinesse. .a *fork-like diuision. 1889 Daily News 9 Oct. 5/5 They frequently fix the faces of the prisoners with fork¬ like irons towards the burning sun. 1835-6 Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 334/2 The vessel then passes between the clavicle and the *fork-shaped bone. 1636 Massinger Gt. Dk. Florence in. i, They .. Had trod on *fork-tongued adders. 1541 R. Copland Guy don's Quest. Chirurg. D ij, The veynes . .renne *forkewyse in two partyes. 1668 Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. 1. xvi. 40 Divided forkwise into two twigs. 16 . Special comb.; fork-beam Naut. (see quot.); fork-beard, a name given to various fishes of the genus Phycis ; fork-breakfast (see quot.); fork-carving a., that uses a fork in carv¬ ing; fork-chuck {Wood-turning), a chuck with two or more teeth: see quot. 1874 ; fork-fish, ?a kind of thornback; fork-moss, a kind of moss {Dicramtm bryAides') ; fork-ribbed a., having ribs branching off like the prongs of a fork ; fork- shaft, the handle of a fork ; fork-staff-plane, a kind of joiner’s plane used for working convex cylindrical surfaces; fork-way, a point where two roads meet or diverge, a fork; fork-wrench (see quot.). Also Fork-head, Fork-tail. c 1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weal e) 95 * Fork-Beam, a forked piece of timber nearly of the depth of the beam, scarphed, tabled, and bolted, for additional security to the sides of beams athwart large openings in the decks. 1864 Couch Brit. Fishes III. 122 Lesser *Forkbeard. 1812 Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 163 Le dejeuner d la fourchette, or *fork- breakfast, is so called, because in eating meat you have occasion for a fork. 1882 H. C. Merivale Faucit of B. 11. xv, In this country .. the French midday fork- breakfast, is unknown. C1618 Fletcher Q. Corinth iv. i, Your T beard .. doth express the enamour'd courtier, As full as your *fork-carving traveller. 1842 Francis Diet. Arts, *Fork Chuck. 1874 Knight Did. Mech., Fork-chuck (Turning), a piece of steel projecting from the live spindle and carrying the front center and a pair of joints which enter the wood and rotate it. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 261 The Puffen or *Fork-fish. .lieth in await..ready to strike FORK. 456 FORKLESS. the fishes that passe by with a sharpe rod or pricke that he hath. 1706 Phillips, Fork-fishy a kind of Thorn-back, so call’d from its forked Tail, i860 Gosse Rom. Nat. Hist. 192 The sight of the *fork-moss would ever afterwards call up a vivid recollection of that desolate scene. 1858 Carpenter Veg. Phys. § 196 As regards their leaves, the Cryptogamia may be characterised as - fork-ribbed. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 34 Shorte *forke-shaftes made of seasoned ashe. 1848 A. B. Evans Leicester Words, Fork-shaft, handle of a fork, whether pitchfork or any other. 1816 J. Smith Panora)na Sc. «$• Art I. hi A plane . .with a concave sole, is also distinguished by the name of a *fork-staff-plane. 1819 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. XLVII. 308 Hecate, Luna, Diana, who meet in a *fork- way. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech., * Fork-wrench, a spanner with two jaws which embrace a nut or square on a coupling. Fork (fjwk), v. [f. prec.] 1 . intr. To form a fork ; to divide into branches, divaricate. Of lightning: To play fork edly. Also with away, off, or out. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. ii. 1. Noah 243 Adam’s Trunk (of both-our Worlds the Tree) In two faire branches forking fruitfully. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) I- 2 39 Others [trees] ascend vertically, and..fork off in various tiers. 1808 J. Barlow Columb. v. 276 The flames fork round the semivault of heaven. 1840 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. I. iv. 419 The parsnip, .forks away into fingers. 1847 Ansted Anc. World viii. 170 Rays, .forking off towards the end. 1851 Mayne Reid Scalp IDcnt. xli, The lightning forked and flashed. 1853 Phillips Rivers Yorksh. ix. 240 Here the road forked. b. Of corn : To sprout. 1707 Mortimer Husb. 265 Throw the frozen outsides into the middle till the Corn begin to fork and warm in the Couch. 1725 Bradley Fam. Diet. s.v. Malt. + 2 . fig. a. Of witnesses : To disagree in their testimony, b. Of the tongue [after F. fourcher ] : To stumble, trip. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 16074 (Cott.) In ]?air aun sagh j?ai said, oft-sith for-kid bai. Ibid. 17754 (Gott.) pai did paa thre men pan to sunder, And askid seluen ilkan sere, Oo \>a.\r forking fain wald \>ai here. 1652 Urquhart Jewel Wks. (1834) 265 Philoplutaries, my tongue forks it, I have mistaken, .one word for another, I should have said Philosophers. 3 . trans. To make or put into the form of a fork ; to make fork-shaped. + To fork the fingers : to extend them towards a person as a mark of con¬ tempt. 1640 Witts Recreat. Cij, His wife..Behind him forks her fingers. 1668 Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. 1. viii. 315 The Ramus Iliacus is forked out on each side. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VII. 348 The tail, .is forked into two horns. 1816 J. Smith Panorama Sc. <$* Art I. 376 A lever, .which is forked at the lower part to receive the pendulum. 1816 Byron Ch. Har. hi. xcv, The mightiest of the storms .. through these parted hills hath fork’d His lightnings. 1817 Coleridge Biog. Lit. 289 Bertram, .stands .. with his lower limbs forked. fig. 1683 Dryden & Lee Dk. of Guise iv. iii, Angel- traitors. .Forked into ills, and split into deceits. 4 . To raise or move with or as with a fork ; to dig, take, or throw in, out, up, etc., with a fork. 1802 A. Kirkwood Jrnl. in Mem. (1856) 24, I. .forked some hay for Mr. Black. 1829 Rep. Doncaster Commission, Bone Manure 30 Fold manure, .should be forked up to a con¬ siderable height. 1833 M. Scott Tom Ci ingle xv, Bang .. was.gobbling his last plantain, and forking up along with it ..slices of cheese. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. II. 191 The ancient practice of forking out each parsnip from the ground. 1850 Kingsley A It. Locke xi, He .. set to work forking up some weeds on a fallow. 1851 Glenny Handbk . FI. Gard. 24 The border should be prepared .. by forking in some peat. 1858 — Gard. Every-day Bk. 75/1 The beds should now be forked over. 1882 Tennyson Pro - mise of May 11, And you an’ your Sally was forkin’ the haay. fig. 1647 Trapp Mellif. Theolog. in Comm. Epist. 643 He leaves it [his wealth] to a prodigall, that..forks it abroad, as fast as the miser his father raked it together. [Cf. Fork sb. 1 fig.] 1828 Landor I mag. Conv. III. 101 Society is not yet trodden down and forked together by you, into one and the same rotten mass. absol. 1683 J. Erskine Jrnl. 11 Sept. (1893) 16, I was seeing the corn cut in the barnyard and whiles forking. 5 . transf. ( colloq. or slang.) a. To fot‘k out or over : to give up, hand over, pay. 1831 Trelawny Adv. Younger Son. xxxvi, Fork out some¬ thing better than this. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 111. i, Fork out your balance in hand. 1883 Harper's Mag. Aug. 486/1 He forked over the money. absol. 1856 Reade Never too Late Iv, See it for twenty- four hours or I won’t fork out. 1875 A. R. Hope My Schoolboy Fr. 154 I’ll tell Vialls if you do not fork out. b. (US.) See quots. 1839 Marryat Diary Amer. Ser. 1. II. 231, I heard a young man. .in Vermont, say, .. ‘ Well, how he contrived to fork into her young affections, I can’t tell'. 1851 B. H. Hall College Wds ., Fork on. At Hamilton College, to fork on, to appropriate to one’s self. 6. intr. (colloq .) To protrude awkwardly. 1882 Fraser's Mag. XXV. 532, I noted a number of heads forking over the side of the ship. 1890 W. C. Russell Ocean Trag. II. xiv. 20 He caine slowly forking up through the hatch. Ibid. xix. 133 Leathery noses forking up out of a hedge of whisker. 7 . slang, (trans .) 7 o fork a person : to pick his pocket. Cf. Fork sb. 3. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Let's fork him, let us Pick that Man’s Pocket. 1785 in Grose Diet. Vulg. Tongue. 8. intr. (Sc.) To look out, strive for (something). 1681 Colvil Whigs Supplic. (1710) 73 That Pauls Iniqui¬ ties, mystery working, Was men, then for precedency forking. 1825-80 Jamieson s.v. Forking, ‘Forkin’ for siller’; *Forkin’ for a job. 9 . Mining, (trans .) To pump (a mine) dry; to remove (water) by pumping. Cf. Fork sb. 11. 1702 Savery Miner s Fr. 56 What signifies your Engine ..if it be not capable of Sinking or Forking an Old Mine. 1859 Times 27 Apr., He had forked the heaviest waters in the whole country. 1869 West. Daily Mercury 20 Mar., They have resolved on forking the water. 1893 Pall Mall G. 14 Jan. 2/1 The mine has been ‘ forked \ Forkals, pi. jocular, [f. Fork sb. + -al.] Legs. 1828 Sporting Mag. XXIII. 33 The piece of mahogany under which my old forkals had so merrily rested. Forked (f^iikt), ppl. a. [f. Fork sb. + -ed 2.] 1 . Having a fork or fork-like end; shaped like a fork, bifurcate, branching. a 1300 Cursor M. 18843 (Cott.) Forked fair be chin he bare. C1386 Chaucer Prol. 270 A Marchant.. with a forked berd. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xii. xxii. 428 The swalowes .. tayles ben forkyd as a payr of sherys. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 158 pat opere partie of b e veyne passip to b e arm hoolis & b ere be is forkid. 1534 Fitzherb. Husb. §21 He hath a forked stycke a yarde longe. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, iii. ii. 334 Hee was, for all the world, like a forked Radish, with a Head fantastically caru’d vpon it. 1667 Milton P. L. x. 518 Hiss for hiss returnd with forked tongue To forked tongue. 1692 Loud. Gaz. No. 2830/4 Stolen..2 silver Spoons, a Fork, 2 small Spoons forkt. 1729 T. Cooke Tales, etc. 40 Forked Light’nings fright the World below. 1821 Clare Vill. Mifistr. I. 53 On two forked sticks with cordage tied, Their pot o’er pilfer’d fuel boils away. 1861 Miss Pratt Flozuer. PI. I. 3 A stem is termed forked when it divides into two branches of equal, or nearly equal size. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 24 Arabis .. with forked or stellate hairs. 1887 Bowen Virg. YEncid 11. 211 Forked tongues are flickering seen. fig. 1649 G. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. IV, xvii, Thus forked Novelty Spreads. b. Of a road: Making a fork ; having two or more diverging branches. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. 11. xci. [Ixxxvii.] 271 When we had rydden a ii. leages, we came to a forked waye. 1600 Holland Livy xxxvm. xlv. (1609) ion At every forked high way leading on both hands. 1633 Gate of Tongues Uni. 114 A forked way or carfax is deceitfull. 1888 J. Payn Myst. Mirbridge iii, They came to the forked road. c. Of a mountain : Divided at the summit, cleft. 1606 Shaks. Ant. <$• Cl. iv. xiv. 5 Sometime we see..A forked Mountaine, or blew Promontorie. a 1628 Sir J. Beaumont To Muses 2 in Bosworth F. (1629) 9 Sweet Sounds are raised upon the forked Hill Of high Parnassus. 1821 Shelley Prometh. Unb. 1. i, Yon forked and snowy hill. + d. of a mitre. 1509 Barclay Ship of Folys ( 1874) II. 279 No wyse man is desyrous to obtayne The forked cap without he worthy be. 1545 Brinklow Compl. 4 Banysshed mynatyue contry . .by the cruelty of the forkyd cappes of Ingland. 1641 Milton Ch. Govt. vi. (1851) 128 She .. sends her haughty Prelates from all parts with their forked Miters. e. Her. =Forche. (Robson Brit. Her. 1830). i486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. cvj a, A certan forkyd cros.. hit is called forkyd : for as moch as that all thendys of hit ar clouyn and forkyd. f. Having (a specified number of) forks or prongs, as threeforked. 1535 Coverdale i Sam. ii. 13 A three forked fleshoke. 1583 Stanyhurst YEneis 11. (Arb.) 59 With toonge three forcked furth spirts fyre. a 1628 F. Greville Monarchy dclii, To stirre, or calm the ocean’s race, As royalties of his [Neptune’s] three-forked mace. 1887 Bowen Virg. YEneid 11.475 Some viper, .dartinga three-forked flickering tongue, f g. Of an arrow : Barbed. Obs. 1549 Stourton Let. in Wilts. Arch. Mag. (1864) VIII. 296 His crosse bow bent, and forked arrow in the same. 1611 Cotgr., Fer de fleiche a oreilles, a forked or barbed arrowe head. 1673 Dryden Assigyiation iii. i, I am wounded with a forked Arrow, which will not easily be got out. 2 . Having the lower half of the body divided; two-legged. 1605 Shaks. Lear ill. iv. 113 A poore, bare, forked Animall as thou art. 1771 Exmoor Scold. 48 Thee wut come oil a gerred, and oil horry zo vurs tha art a vorked [ = i-forked]. 3 . Of building: Characterized by the use of 1 forks’ (see Fork sb. 7). 1792 J. Mastin Hist. Naseby 9 Some [houses].. of the most antique architecture, called forked building. 4 . Horned; also spec, of deer : see quot. 1674. 1591 Sylvester Du Bartas 1. iv. 476 The more she [the Moon] Fills her Forked Round. 1598 Ibid. 11. i. iii. Furies 600 With Asking train, with forked head, and foot Himselfe, th’ Ayre, th’ Earth, he beateth. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. (1677 ) I * I 3 Heads having doubling Croches, are called Forked Heads, because the Croches are planted on the top of the Beam like Forks. b. ‘ Horned‘ cornuted’, cuckolded. A knight of the forked order-, a cuckold. 1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. 455 Thou puttest thy selfe in great danger, least thy rounde heade become forked. 1592 Greene Disput. Wks. (Grosart) X. 257 Let him dub her husband knight of the forked order. 1639 Mayne City Match in Dodsley O. PI. (1780) IX. 373 And I am fork’d? hum! 1673 F. Kirkman U7ilucky Citizen 95, I should be sure to be dubb'd a knight of the forked order. t 5 . Of an argument, etc.: That points more than one way ; containing a dilemma ; ambiguous, equi¬ vocal. Obs. 1551 Bp. Gardiner Explication 80 b, What hath this auctor wonne nowe by his forked question ? 1604-13 R. Cawdry Table Alph. (ed. 3), Dilemma , a forked kinde of argument. 1605 B. Jonson Volpone 1. i, Giue forked counsel; take pro- uoking gold On eyther hand, and put it vp. 1663 J. Spencer Prodigies (1665) 324 To this forked Objection I return these five considerations. 1681 Crowne Hen. VI, iv. 46 Must j Justice starve because we want a Lawyer’s forked distinc- j tions to feed her neatly with ? + b. Of a fee : Taken from both parties in a suit. 1648 Herrick Hesper. (1869) 216 Ere thy palm shall know A postern-bribe took, or a forked-fee To fetter Justice. 6. Done with a fork, nonce-use. 1611 Coryat Crudities 91 To imitate the Italian fashion by this forked cutting of meate. 7 . ellipt. for forked-headed or -tailed. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. 11.(1677) 161 The Forked Kite and bold Buzzard. 1769 PennantZ.] I. 1 . Of a woman: That has lost her chastity. Also, as a term of abuse for either sex. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. 1 .462/6 A womman .. that was sunful and for-lein. c 1450 Henryson Test. Cres. 140 Now allace ! that seid with froist is slane, And I fra luiflferis left and all forlane. [But this may belong to sense 2.] 1508 Dunbar Tua Mariit Wenien 137 That carybald forlane. II. 2 . App. used for: (? Laid aside), forgotten. c 1320 Sir Tristr. 1586 Tristrem, pis J>ef is he, pat may be nou3t for lain. [<-1450: see under sense 1.] 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus iv. 496 All faltis bygane .. He did or said. .Be quite forjet, ouirsene, and all forlane. t Forla’nce, v. Obs. [? a. OF. *forlancer to throw out (in mod.F. spec, to drive out an animal from his lair), f. for-, For- pref .3 + lancer to throw, Launch.] intr. or absol. To throw out. 13.. Gaw. <$• Gr. Knt. 1334 pen brek pay pe bale, pe balez out token, Lystily forlancyng. Forlapped : see For- pref . 1 6 b. t Forlay’, v. Obs. [f. For- pref . 1 + Lay v.] trans. To lay aside. a 1300 Cursor M. 24328 (Cott.) We stemmed still als stan, pof hjf was vs for-laid. Forlay: see Forelay. t Forlea’d, v . 1 Obs. [OE. forlxdan, f. For- pref 1 + lx dan : see Lead v. ; cf. OS. farledean (Du. verleiden ), OHG. far-, fir-, forleitan (Ger. verleiten).'] trans. To mislead, seduce. Beowulf 4084 (Gr.) Hie forlseddan to pam lindplegan swsese jesiftas. c 1000 ./Elfric Grain, xlvii. (Z.) 277 Seduco, ic bepaece o 5 pe forlaede. c 1275 Lay. 1333 For hire workes beop so swete pat fale men [heo] for-ledep. c 1315 Shore- ham 164 The fendes prive gyle The man for-ledde. t Forlea’d, vf Obs. [f. For- pref 2 + Lead v.] trans. To lead forward, lead before. Hence For- lea*ding vbl. sb. a 1300 E. E. Psalter cxxxi[i]. 17 pethen sal I for-lede [Vulg. producam ] David horn. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 2oBy such forledynge [L. his pr&viis]. tForlea’ve, v. Obs. [f. For- pref . 1 + Leaver.; = OHG .firleibeni\ trans. To leave behind, give up, abandon, forsake, depart from. c 1225 Juliana 33 Ich am wileweme ne forleaf pu me nawt luuiende lauerd. c 1325 Poem Times Edw. II 374 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 340, I drede me that God us hath for-laft out of his hond. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. 1. metr. iii. 5 (Camb. MS.) Dirknesses for-leften me. c 1440 Hylton Scala Per/. (W. de W. 1494) 1. xxxviii, In a lityll I forlefte the. Forlength : see For- pref . 1 9. t Forle re, v. Obs. [OE. forlxran, f. For- pref . 1 + l&ran Lere v. to teach.] trans. To teach wrongly, pervert, seduce. a 1000 Andreas 1364 (Gr.) Du leoda feala forleolce and forlaerdest. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 29 pat is pe flesliche lust pe mankinne forlereS, and al hit is bi pe deuel pat men bus forlerede. a 1250 Owl <$• Night. 924 That thi dweole song heo ne for-lere. VOL. IV. t Forle’se, v. Obs. Forms : Infin. 1 forl^o- san, 2-3 -leosen, 3 -losen, -lesen, 4-5 -lese, (6 Sc. -leir). Pa. t. 1 forldas, Northumb. - 16 os, pi. -luron, 3 forleas, (2nd pers. sing. forlure\ 3-4 forles, 6-7 forlore, Sc. forloir. Pa. pplc. 1-4 forloren, 4 north. forlose(n, -in, 4-8 forlorne, 6-7 forelorn(e, 3-9 forlore, (5 forlo(o)r, 6 Sc. forloir, S forelorej, 3- forlorn. [OE. fortio- san , pa. t. forleas, pi. forluron, pa. pple. forloren ; — OFris .forliasa, -liesa, OS.fai'-,forleosan, -liosan , OlIG. far-, fer-, for-, furleosan, -liosan (MHG. verliesen, Ger. verlieren ), Goth, fraliusan ; f. For- pref. x +-ttosan, ME. lesen : see Lese v. After 15th c. only in pa. pple., and (rarely) in the new forms, inf. (Sc .)/orleir, pa. t. for tore (Sc .forloir).] 1 . trans. To Lose, in various senses. Beowulf 2861 (Gr.) JEt pam geongum. .pam peaer his elne forleas. £1175 Lamb. Horn. 83 Mon hefde uorloren efre stephne bi-uore gode. c 1205 Lay. 213 Creusa .. pe Eneas his fader in Troie for-leas. a 1225 A ncr. R. 246 pe weorreur of helle mei longe asailen ou, & forleosen al his hwule. a 1250 Owl Sf Night. 815 An so for-lost the hund his fore, a 1300 Cursor M. 714 iCott.) To win pe blis he had forlosin. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. iv. pr. iv. 100 (Camb. MS.) Yif pat a man hadde al for-lorn hys syhte. £1430 Hymns Virg. 124 Thy honde warke pat pou hast wrowyth, My dere son, for- lese hem nowhte ! c 1460 To7uneley Myst. (Surtees) 188 My right ere I have forlorne. 1581 J. Bell Haddon's Ansio. Osor. 322 b, It may seeme we have..forlorne all mercy and compassion. 1600 Fairfax Tasso vn. i, Her feeble hand the bridle raines forlore. 1663 Robin Hood $ Curtal Friar xiii. in Child Ballads v. cxxiii. (1888) 124/1 Carry me over the water..Or else thy life’s forlorn. 2 . To destroy, cause to perish, cut off. a 1000 Caedmon's Gen. 1281 (Gr.) He wolde. .forleosan lica fcehwilc. c 1200 Vices Virtues (E. E. T. S.) 73 Gif he [a pot] < 5 ar inne berste <5 and brekS, he is forloren and sone uyeworpen. c 1250 Gen. # Ex. 1143 Do meidenes.. wenden . .Oat man-kinde were al for-loren. 1390 Gower Conf. I. 314 Thus they that comen first to-fore Upon the rockes ben for¬ lore. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus in. 274 Becaus Diomeid wald forleir The fers Troians. 1614 Sylvester Bethulias Rescue vi. 175 For the God of Power Th’ Assyrian Forces hath this Night forlorn. 1664 Flodden F. 1. 2 Worthy Lords by him forlorne. b. intr. for refl. To perish, come to nought. a 1225 St. Marher. 3 Ne ne let tu neauer mi sawle forleosen wiS pe forlorne. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 2254 Nalde nawt godd leoten his martirs licomes liggen to forleosen. c. trans. To bring to ruin, put to shame, con¬ found ; also, to lead astray to one’s ruin. (Usually in passive.) c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 5 ForleteS yure synne. pat }e ne ben ifunden on sunne and swo forlorene. a 1300 E. E. Psalter cxlii[i], 12 And for-lese my faas in merci pine. £1400 Melayne 77 Late never my sawle be forlorne. a 1471 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 241 Unavysyd clerk soone may be forlore Unto that theef [Simony] todonne obeysaunce. 1578 Gnde <5- Godlie Ballates 193 Lowse me or I be forloir And heir my mone. 1591 Spenser Vis. Worlds Vanitie vi, O ! how great vainnesse is it then to scorne The weake, that hath the strong so oft forlorne ! 3 . To leave, abandon, desert, forsake. c 1460 Pol. Rel. § L. Poems (1866) 97 The order of preest- hode he has forlorne. 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. ix. 52 Her frail witt, that now her quite forlore. 1600 Fairfax Tasso iii. lxxvi, The birds their nests forlore. Hence Forle'sing vbl. sb., loss, perdition. 1340 Ayenb. 156 Uor pet me be-uly3t hire folye and hire uorlyezinge. Ibid. 243. + Forle’t, v . 1 Obs. Forms; see Let v . 1 Also pa. pple. 7 erron. forlitt. [OE . forIxtan, f. For- pref . 1 + Ixtaji Let v. 1 ; — OS. forldtan (Du. ver- laten), OHG. firldzgan (MHG. vcrl&zyn, Ger. vcrlassen \, ON.fyrirldta (Sw forlala, F)2L.forlade ).] 1 . trans. To allow, permit. c 900 tr. Beeda's Hist. 1. xxvii, Sum eorplic ae forlaetep, psette [etc.], a 1300 E. E. Psalter exxv. 3 For noght fore- lete sal he Yherde of sinful for to be Over lote of rightwis. 2 . To leave, go away from (a person or place), forsake; to abandon (possessions). 971 Blickl. Horn. 27 Hine pa forlet se costi^end. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 219 To chiesen 3ief[h]y wolden hare sceppinde lufie o 3 er hine ferleten. c 1205 Lay. 30599 pat ufel hine gon for-leten. a 1300 Cursor M. 13295 (Cott.) He for iesu al for-lete. c 1350 Will. Palerne 2311 Alle pe breme bestes pat a-boute vs were, for-lete vs & folwed him forp. 1508 Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 381, I him forleit as a lad. b. To leave (a person) helpless or destitute. a 1000 Andreas 459 (Gr.) Naefre forlaeteS lif^ende god eorl on eorSan, gif his ellen deah ! a 1225 St. Marher. 8 Ne forlet tu me nawt luuende lauerd. 1340-70 Alisaunder 679 Whan Philip in his foule will hathe pee forlete.. Him tides to take pee atjain. 1413 Pilgr. Sovule (Caxton 1483) iv. xx, He is forlete and al forpercid sore and pytously. <*1553* Philpot Exam. $ Writ. (1842) 345 Who may say that God forletteth his church right, so that he may permit those things to. .decay, without the which it may not consist? c. To leave (land) desolate or uncultivated ; to leave (a building, etc.) to decay. a 1300 Leg. Rood (1871) 34 So pat pulke stude was vor-lete mony aday. 1390 Gower Conf III. 104 But yet there ben of londes fele..Which of the people be forlete As londe deserte. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. b 7 b, He yaf hem a contre that was forleten where in they myght duelle. 1528 Will in W. Molyneux Burton-on- Trent (i860) 58 The seyd brygge ys lyke to be decayed and forlett. 1610 Holland Camden’s Brit. 1. 513 The three Channels or draines have a long time beene forlet and neglected. d. To leave off, renounce (a custom, habit, sin). C1175 Lamb. Horn. 19 Nu sculle we forlete pes licome lust, c 1200 Ti'in. Coll. Horn. 103 Hwi luuest pu pine fulc sunnes . forlet hem. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 3779 Wrappe and oper synne forlate [printed foolate]. c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. p 45 In pe drede of god man forleteth his synne. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 64 He thoucht he wald mak peice agane With Scot and Pecht, and all weiris forleit. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 84 Soone after this custome was for-let and cleane giuen ouer. e. To forsake, cease to regard (a law, etc.). c 1250 Gen. < 5 * Ex. 4068 For luue of Sis hore-pla^e Manie for-leten godes la3e. a 1300 Cursor M. 9448 (Cott.i Sua sun als he pat apel ete, pe laghes bath he pan for-lete. 1340 Ayenb. 184 Roboam. .uorlet pane red of pe yealden guode men uor pane red of yonge. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) I. 60 Lautie wes lost, forleit wes all the lawes. II f. Used as a term of Sc. constitutional law. 1689 Earl of Balcarras Let. Jas. II on St. Scot. 61 (MS.) The Committee, .found great difficulty how to declare the Crown vacant. Some were for abdications. .Others were for using an old obsolete word (fforleiting) used for a Birds forsaking her nest. 1689 Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) I. 518 The throne of Scotland is vacant, the late King James the 7th haveing forlitt or forfeited the crown. 3 . To leave out, omit; to let alone, abandon. £1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 71 We shule no ping seien pere pat les beo, and no ping of pe so 5 e forlete. c 1220 Bestiary 230 Finde 3 e 3 e wete corn Sat hire qwemeS. Al 3e forleteS Sis oSer seS. a 1300 Cursor M. 21777 lG6tt.) Eline..wald noght for-lett pe nailes in his hend and fete, .ful gern scho soght Till scho paim fand ne fined noght. c 130 oBeket 1998 All that he i handled hadde the houndes hit forlete. 13.. E. E. A llit. P. B. 101 Be pay fers, be pay feble for-lotez none, b. To cease from ; to cease to do something. £1175 Lamb. Horn. 35 Ne forlete }e for nane scame pat 3e ne seggen pam preoste alle eower sunne. c 1200 Ormin 18875 All folic well neh forrlet To penkenn ohht off heffne. a 1250 Owl <$• Night. 36, I-wis for pine fule lete Wei oft ich mine song forlete. C1374 Chaucer Boeth. iii. pr. xi. 75 (Camb. MS.) Whan it forletip to ben oone it mot nedis dien. 4 . To let go, release or lose from one’s hold or keeping. £ 1150 Departing Soul's Addr. Body 19 Thine godfsederes ihaten ser heo the forleten that [etc.], c 1200 Ormin 3768 He wollde hiss ashenn lif Forr hise shep forrketenn. a 1225 Juliana 47 Forlet me mi leafdi & ich chulle al bileaue pe. a 1225 St. Marher. 6 Weila wummon hwuch wlite pu leosest ant forletest for pin misbeleaue. a 1300 Cursor M. 4006 (Cott.) Formast his lijf he suld for-lete. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. 1. metr. ii. 3 (Camb. MS.) Allas how the thowt of man dulleth and forletith his propre cleernesse. b. To remit (a debt); to forgive. 1340 Ayenb. 262 And uorlet ous oure yeldinges: ase and we uorletep oure yelderes. c. To dismiss from attention. Sc. 1813 Picken Poems I. 121 Sae let’s forleet it—gie’s a sang; To brood on ill unken’d is wrang. Hence rorle*t(en ppl. a. ; Porle’ting vbl. sb. Also Forle'tness, the state of being let alone. a 1300 E. E. Psalter cxxii[i]. 3 For of for-letenesse mikel filled we are. Ibid. 4 Up-braiding To mightand, and to proude for-leting. 13. . K. Alis. 2889 As a stude for-let, Is now Thebes. C1374 Chaucer Boeth. 1. pr. i. 2 (Camb. MS ) A forletyn and a despised elde. c 1440 Jacob's Well (E. E. T. S.) x. ir An old for-latyn cote. 1506 Guylforde Pilgr. (Camden) 33 An olde for leten ruynous churche. 1610 Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) j88 The language of our ancestours. .lay forlet and buried in oblivion. t Forle t, v . 2 Obs. [f. For- pref 1 + Let v. 2 ] trans. To hinder, prevent, stop. Const, inf. ox that with not. Also in deprecatory phr. God forlet it l a 1555 Philpot Exam. Writ. (1842) 351 But God forelet it. that I should not believe the gospel ! 1568 C. Watson Polyb. 95 a, The Romans, .being in league with the Carthaginenses. .forlet him not to aide them. 1575 R. B. Appius Sf Virg. Eij, It is naught in dry sommer, for letting my drinke. t Forlie’, v. Obs. Forms : see Lte v 1 [OE. forliegan (f. For- pref. 1 + liegan Lie z/.l) = OHG. farligan (MHG. verligen). Cf. Gr. aorist napeXeijaro lay with (a woman) secretly, which is etymologically equivalent.] I. 1 . refl. Of a woman : To prostitute herself. £893 K. Allfred Oros. iii. vi. § 2. a 1000Laws Cnut liv. 2 . intr. for refl. (Often conjugated with be). To commit fornication. Const, by or with. £1200 Ormin 3118 Forr pa mann munnde trowwenn wel patt 3ho forrle^enn wsere. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 519 And with him to be forlayne. 1513 Douglas AEneis vi. i. 54 Prevalie with the bull forlane wes sche. Ibid. x. vii. 72 The quhilk Anchemolus. .had forlayn his awin stepmoder by. 3 . trans. Of the man : To lie with, violate. £ 1205 Lay. 15375 Heo for-laei3en pa wif. 13. . Coer de L. 924 Forleyn was his doughter yyng. a 1420 Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. (Roxb.) 191 How many a wyfe & maide hathe be forlayne. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. e iij b, He wolde haue forlayne that maide. II. 4 . To smother by lying upon, to overlie. a 1300 Cursor M. 8623 (Cott.) pat was for-lain Moght neuer couer pe lijf again. ^1340 Ibid. 8602 (Fairf.) An womman had hir childe for-layne. III. 5 . To be fatigued with lying (in bed). 1423 Jas. I. Hingis Q. xi, For-wakit and for-walowit, thus musing Wery forlyin.. I herd the bell to matyns ryng, And vp I rase, no langer wald I lye. t Forli ve, v. Obs. [f. For- pref, I 1 +Live v.] intr. a. To outlive one’s strength, become de¬ crepit. b. To degenerate. Hence Forli’ved, Forlrven ppl. adjs., decrepit, degenerate. a 1300 Cursor M. 5315 (Cott.) Als man of eild, and lang for-liuen [1340 Fairf. forlived]. £*374 Chaucer Boeth. iii. pr. vi. 61 (Camb. MS.) That they ne sholden nat.. for- lyuen fro the vertuus of hyr noble kynrede. Ibid. ill. metr. vi. 79 (Camb. ISIS.) Thanne nis ther no forlyued wyht but %>S FORLOIN. 458 FORM yif he norysse hys corage vn to vyces. 1398 Trevisa Barth. DeP. R. xii. xvi. (Tollein. MS.) A forlyued..cok leyep egges in his laste elde. Forlode: see For -prefix 6. ForlofF, obs. Sc. form of Furlough. t Forloin, sb. Obs. Hunting, [f. next vb.] 1 . The action of forloining. 14.. Le Venery de Tiuety in Rel. Ant. I. 152 Why blowe ye so? For cause that the hert is seen, an ye wot nevere Whedir that myn hundys be become fro myn meyne. And what maner of chase clepe ye that ? We clepe it the chace of the forloyne [orig. la chace de Forloyng]. i486 Bk. St. Albans Fj, What is a forloyng, for that is goode to here. 2 . A note of recall. c 1369 Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 386 Therwith the hunte wonder faste Blew a forloyn at the laste. 1735 in Bailey, Forloyn , a Retreat when the Dogs are called off from a wrong Scent. 0 [ld Word]. + Forloi n, v. Obs. Forms : 4-6 forloyne, 6-7 foreloin, -loyne, 6- forloin. [ad. OF. for-, forsloignier , f. fors (see For- pref'T) + loin L. longe far.] 1 . trans. To leave behind at a distance, forsake. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. A. 368 pa} I forloyne my dere endorde. Ibid. B. 1165 pay forloyne her fayth & foljed oper goddes. b. intr. To stray, err. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. B. 282 He knew och freke forloyned fro pe ry3t wayez. Ibid. B. 750 }if I for-loyne as a fol. 2 . Hunting, trans. To leave (the pack) far be¬ hind. Said of the stag, or of individual hounds. Also absol. i486 Bk. St. Albans Fj, When..the beest is stoll away owt of the fryth Or the houndes that thow hast meten ther¬ with And any other houndes before than may with hem mete Thees oder houndes arn then forloyned.. For the beste and the houndes arn so fer before And the houndes behynde be weere and soore So that they may not at the best cum at ther will The houndes before forloyne hem. 1576TURBERV. Venerie 118 A harte doth foreloyne and breake out before the houndes for divers reasons. 1686 Blome Gentl. Recreat. 11. 79 When a Hound meeteth a Chase, and goeth away with it far before the rest, then say, he Foreloyneth. t Forlo ng, v . 1 Obs. In 3 Orm. forrlangenn. [f. For - pref A + langen to Long; =MHG. ver- langeni\ To be possessed with longing. c 1200 Ormin 1280 ^iff patt tu forrlangedd arrt To cumenn upp till Criste. Hence Forlcrnging vbl. sb. a 1225 Auer. R. 274 Heorte-sor uor worldliche pinge, deori uorlonginge, & 3iscunge of eihte. + Forlo*ng, v . 2 Obs.~ l [f. For- pref} 4- Longa. ; after L. prolongdre.’] trans. To keep or continue longer ; to prolong. 1496 Dives if Panf>. (W. de W.) vn. xxii. 310/1 They liaue leuer to gyue ,xx. shellynges to forlonge the soules in payne all a yere. + Forlo'ppin, a. Sc. Obs. [f. For -prefd + loppin, pa. pple. of loup, Leap z>.] Fugitive, run¬ away, vagabond. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xxxiii. 7 Me thocht a Turk of Tartary Come throw the boundis of Barbary And lay for- loppin in Lumbardy. 157 . Satir. Poems Reform, xlv. 8 Ane fals, forloppen, fenyeit freir. Forlore: see Forlese and next. Forlorn (fjXiljFin), a. and sb. Forms: see For- lese. [pa. pple. of Fori.ese.] A. adj. + 1 . Lost, not to be found. Obs.: see the vb. 1577 Harrison England. 11. ix. (1877) *• 190 To the end they should lie no more in corners as forlorne books and vnknowne. + 2 . Morally lost; abandoned, depraved. Obs. 1154 O. E. Chron. an. 1137 Hi [the lawless barons in Stephen’s time] weron al forcursaed, & forsworen & forloren. c 1250 Gen. 4- Ex. 546 Mi}ti men, and fijti, [and] for-loren. a 1300 Cursor M. 25074 (Cott.) pe quick pe godmen er and chosen, pe ded pe wick pat ar for-losen. 1578 Gude $ Godlie Ballates 30 The Forlorne Sone, as it is writtin in the xv. Chapter of Luk. 1598 Drayton Heroic. Ep. xvi. 53 He that’s in all the Worlds blacke sinnes forlorne. 1683 Apol. Prot. France ii. 20 They hire forlorn Wretches to go to the Sermons of the Protestant Ministers, t 3 . ‘ Lost ruined, doomed to destruction. Obs. c 1386 Chaucer Frankl. T. 3 09 Lord Phebus, cast thy merciable eye On wrecche Aurilie, which that am for-lorne. C1440 Hylton Sc ala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 1 xxxviii, As thou were a forloor man. 1554 Traves in Strype Eccl. Mem. III. App. xxxiii. 88 As though ye were a man forlore. 1696 1 ate & Brady Ps. vi. 1 And spare a Wretch forlorn. * 7 X 9 Young Busins v. i, What urge these forlorn rebels in excuse For choosing ruin? + b. Forlorn boys ( = Fr. enfantsperdus), fellows, etc. : men who perform their duty at the imminent risk of their life. Forlorn fort : one held at ex¬ treme risk. See also Forlorn hope. 1577-87 Holinshed Chron. III. 1137/2 Fortie or fiftie forlorne boies. 1598 Barret Theor. War res ii. i. 17 He shall set abroad certaine forlorne Sentinels without the Word. 1618 Bolton Florus (1636) 137 Some new band of forlorne fellowes appeared. 1700 S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 298 To march to a Forlorn Fort.. six Leagues from [etc.]. c. Desperate, hopeless. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks 591 Everything .. seemed as altogither lost and forlorne. 1710 Berkeley Princ. Hum. Knowl.. Introd. Wks. 1871 I. 137 [We] sit down in a forlorn Scepticism. 1791 Boswell Johnson an. 1732, In the forlorn state of his circumstances. 1836 W. Irving Astoria II. 183 Haying seen these three adventurous bands depart upon their forlorn expeditions. 1874 Morley Compromise (1886) 8 The home of great and forlorn causes. 4 . Of persons or places : Abandoned, forsaken, deserted ; left alone, desolate. 1535 Goodly Primer (1834) 120 An old forlorn house. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Dk. Clarence xvii, To help King Henry vtterly forlorne. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. vm. (1626) 152 Whither fly’st thou? leauing me for-lore. 1667 Milton P. L. 1. 180 Yon dreary Plain, forlorn and wilde. 1704 Pope Autumn 22 To the winds I mourn; Alike unheard, un- pity’d, and forlorn. 1726 Shelvocke Voy. round World (1757) 79 Dreading an accident in so forlorn a place, I .. stood out to sea again. 1814 Cary Dante, Inf. xxx. 16 A wretch forlorn and captive. 1829 Hood Eugene Aram x, Horrid stabs in groves forlorn And murders done in caves. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. lx, The little village looks forlorn. 1863 F. Locker Bond. Lyrics, Reply to Invit. Rome ii, Perhaps you think your Loi>e forlore Should pine unless her slave be with her. b. Const, of, f from : Forsaken by (a person) ; bereft, destitute, or stripped of (a thing). c 1150 Departing Souls Addr. Body v, Eart thu forloren from al that thu lufedest. 1579 Spenser SJieph. Cal. Apr. 4 Or art thou of thy loved lasse forlorne ? 1667 Milton P. L. x. 921 Forlorn of thee Whither shall I betake me. 1697 Dryden Ilicui 1. Fables (1700) 208 The good old Man, forlorn of human Aid, For Vengeance, .pray’d. 1798 Coleridge Anc. Mar. vn. xxv, He went like one that..is of sense forlorn. 1832 Tennyson CEnone 15 Mournful CEnone wan¬ dering forlorn Of Paris once her playmate. 1871 Rossetti Love's Nocturn ii, Dreamland lies forlorn of light. 5 . In pitiful condition, wretched. 1582 T. Watson Centurie of Loue xiii, Such as lay with pestilence forlorne. a 1628 F. Greville Alaham iv. iii, Nothing can come amisse to thoughts forlorne. 1724 R. Welton 18 Disc. 454 They saw so great a man in so forlorne a plight. 1781 Gibbon Decl. % F. II. xli. 549 His forlorn appearance. 1866 Miss Mulock Noble Life s. ii, Ay, be it the forlornest bodily tabernacle in which immortal soul ever dwelt. b. Of a wretched appearance, meagre. 1588 Shaks. Tit. A. 11. iii. 94 The Trees, though Sommer, yet forlorne and leane. 1597 — 2 Hen. IV, iii. ii. 335 Hee was so forlorne, that his Dimensions (to any thicke sight) were inuincible. 1875 F. Hall in Lippincott's Mag. XV. 338/2 Forlorn pullets, certainly from the same farmyard with the lean kine of Egypt. + B. sb. Obs. 1 . A forlorn person. C1506 Dunbar Littill Interlud 165 The Gret Forlore Of Babylon. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, in. iii. 26 Henry..Is., forc’d to Hue in Scotland a Forlorne. 1710 Steele Tatler No. 210 p 6 [An old maid writes] I am surrounded with both, though at present a Forlorn. 1814 Foigery 11. ii, There, poor forlorns, divide the little there. 2 . Short for Forlorn hope ; a body of troops detached to the front, a front line, vanguard. Also pi., the men forming a forlorn hope. 1645 Cromwell Let. to Lenthall 14 Sept., Captain Ireton with a forlorn of Colonel Rich’s regiment. 1677 W. Hubbard Narrative 11. (1865) 181 The Forlorne of our Forces. 1688 J. S. Art of War 54 The General must send his Forlorns to post themselves on the highest places. 1702 C. Mather Magn. Chr. 11. App. (1852) 187 Four companies of these were drawn out as forlorns. 1724 De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 287, I. .rode up to the forlorn. transf. and fg. 1648 Jos. Beaumont Psyche iv. cxliii, Next these, a large Brigade was marshalled, For whose forlorn first march'd the hardy Boar. 1655 Gurnall Chr. in Arm. Introd. i. (1656) 10 The fearful are in the forlorne of those that march for hell. 1666 Lond.Gaz. No. 68/4, i2ori4asthe Vauntguardor Forlorn of their Fleet. 1680 R. L’Estrange Season. Mem. Liberties Press <$• Pulpit 4 There started out a Party upon the Forelorn, to make Discoveries, and try the Temper of the Government. 1681 Crowne Thyestes v. Dram. Wks. 1873 II. 70 Sometimes they'll .. stand A flight of beams from the forlorn of day. 1674 Dryden Epil. Open. New Ho. 10 Criticks..Who. .still charge first, the true for¬ lorn of wit. PorlOTn ho pe. [ad. Du. verloren hoop (in Kilian 1598), lit. ‘lost troop’ (hoop = Heap, Ger. haufeii). Cf. Fr. enfants perdus. (Among sailors mispronounced fioiving hope.)'] 1 . In early use, a picked body of men, detached to the front to begin the attack; a body of skir¬ mishers. Now usually, a storming party. In the 17th c. sometimes applied to the rear guard. 1579 Digges Stratiot. 102 He must also so order the Forlorn hope in y® front of hys Battayle with new supplies. 1581 Styward Mart. Discipl. 11. 136 The which the Ger¬ maine calls, their Forlorne hoope. 1600 Dymmok Ireland (1841) 32 Before the vantguarde marched the forlorn hope. 1642 True State Ireland 5 Likewise for the forlorn hope of the Rear, Captain Pate commanded 40 Dragooners. 1678 tr. Gaya’s Art of War 11. 74 Called the Forlorn Hope, because they, .fall on first, and make a Passage for the rest. 1799 Wellington in Gurw. Desp. I. 31 The forlorn hope ot each attack consisted of a sergeant and twelve Europeans. 1874 L. Stephen Hours Libr. (1892) I. vii. 245 Compelled to lead a forlorn hope up the scaling ladders. b. transf. and fig ., chiefly of persons in a desperate condition. c 1572 Gascoigne Fruits Warre (1831) 211 The forlorne hope which haue set vp their rest By rash expense, and knowe not howe to Hue. 1572 J. Jones Bathes of Bath Pref. 3 A booteless matter to perswade the forlorn hope, suche as have decreed to caste awaye them selves, a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1840 II. 11 [Object of Christ's descent into hell] To preach, useless where his auditory was all the forlorn hope. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India 4- P- 128 The busy apes, the Forlorn hope of these declining Woods, deeming no place safe where they beheld us. c. pi. The men composing such a body; hence, reckless bravos. *539 Tonstall Serm. Palm Sund. (1823) 67 To make this realme a praye to al.. spoylers, all snaphanses, all forlorne- hopes, all cormerauntes. c 1645 T. Tully Siege of Carlisle (1840) 3T Toppam had y° honour of y" forlorn hopes, and gave them a gallant charge. 1867 Smyth Sailor s Word-bk., Forlorn-hopes was a term formerly applied to the videttes of the army. d. A perilous or desperate enterprise. 1768 J. Byron Narr. Wager ( 1778) 89 We saw them a little after, setting out upon their forlorn hope, and helping one another over..rocks. 1771 Junius Lett. lix. 311 The wary .. never went upon a forlorn hope. 2 . slang, a. The losers at a gaming-table, b. (See quot. 1785.) 1608 Dekker Lanthorne <$• Candle-light D ij, They that sit downe to play, are at first called Leaders. They that loose, are the Forlorne Hope, a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Forlorn Hope, losing Gamesters. 1785 Grose Diet. Vulg. Tongue, Forlorn hope , a gamester’s last stake. 3 . With word-play or misapprehension of the etymology: A faint hope, a ‘ hope against hope ’; an enterprise which has little chance of success. 1641 J. Shute Sarah $ Hagar (1649) 108 If we sin, upon a presumption that we shall conceal either our actions or per¬ sons from God, it is a forlorn hope; our iniquities will finde us out. 1806-7 J* Beresford Miseries Hum. LifeiiZ^) ii. xxi, In hopes of making your hearer think that you had been only singing all the while. A forlorn hope indeed. 1885 Harper s Mag. Mar. 594/1 She had had a forlorn hope of a letter, but it had died away. Forlornly fpilgmli), adv. [f. Forlorn a. + -ly 2 .] In a forlorn manner or degree. 1630 Gaule Defance to Death 30 Why are you so desperately and forlornely afraid of death ? 1633 Bp. Hall Hard Texts 566 ,1 will. .goe up and downe heavily and fore- lornely. 1879 E. Garrett House by Wks. I. 170 She found the girl sitting forlornly on her low bed. Forlornness (f£’ilf?un l nes). [f. as prec. + -ness.] The state of being forlorn (see the adj.). £ 825 Vesp. Psalter Ixxxvii. 12 In forlorenisse [Vulg. in Perditione]. a 1225 Ancr. R. no Vor hore uorlorennesse pet drowen him to deaSe. 1579 Tomson Calvin’s Serm. Tim. 160/2 Albeit there be at this day an horrible forlorne- nesse, so that it may well seeme that we are verie miserable creatures. 1668 H. More Div. Dial. 11. xv. (1713) 135 The forlornness and desolateness of that forsaken Habitacle, the Body of a natural Fool. 1791 Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest ii, Adeline felt the forlornness of her condition with energy. 1850 L. Hunt Autobiog. 11. xvii. 265 The beautiful vegeta¬ tion immediately about it. .completes this look of fori or 11- ness. + Forlo*se, z'. Obs. [f. For- pref . 1 + Lose.] trans. To lose. Hence Forlost ppl. a. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus iii. 231 (280) She for-lost, and thou right nought y-wonne. Ibid. iv. 728 (756) She held hire self a forlost creature, c 1440 Partonope 6904 He hath for¬ lost his steede. t Forlot, v. Obs. rare. [f. Fcyv.-pref 2 + Lot v.] trans. ?To allot beforehand. 1566 Drant Horace's Sat. v. C iv, To sterte up in astrologie the casuals of men, To limit and forlote by arte. t Forlyten, v. Obs. In 4 fore-, [f. For- pref.^ + Lyte a. + -en 5 .] trans. To diminish. la 1400 Morte Arlh. 254 We hafe. .forelytenede the loos ]?at we are layttede. Form (fplm), sb. Forms : 3-7 forme, 4- form; also 3-4 furme, 3-7 fourme, 5 foorme. [a. OF. fo(u)rme, furme , ad. L. forma , primarily shape, configuration ; the derived senses below were for the most part developed in class, or post-class. Lat. Some philologists refer the word to the root of ferire to strike ; others compare it with Skr. dharman neut., holding, position, order, f. dhar, dhr, to hold. The word has been adopted, and is in familiar use, in all the Rom. and mod. Teut. langs. : Pr., Sp., Pg., It. forma (Sp. Mech. also horma), Ger., Sw., Da. form, Du. voynn. Todd 1818 assigns to the word in senses 6 b, 17, 2i the pronunciation (f 5 *im), in other senses (fp.im). The distinction, if it was ever recognized, is now obsolete.] I. Shape, arrangement of parts. 1 . The visible aspect of a thing; now usually in narrower sense, shape, configuration, as distin¬ guished from colour ; occasionally, the shape or figure of the body as distinguished from the face. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 3326 pat ychanged hii were Hii pre in pe operes fourme. a 1300 Fragm. Pop. Sc. (Wright) 311 After the ei3te and twenti dayes, forme hit [the seed] gynneth to nyme. c 1325 Metr. Horn. 92 An angel bi wai he mette, In mannes fourm. c 1400 Rom. Rose 2810 Hir shappe, hir fourme, hir goodly chere. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 127 pis schal be pe foorme of a trepane. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 99 The whyte asp diflereth. .from the blak .. in the form of the lefe. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1. viii. 7 b, A great building made in forme of a Citadelle. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 587 The slipp’ry God will. .various Forms assume, to cheat thy sight. 1750 Johnson Rambler No. 82 P2 Stones of remarkable forms. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 257 Her face was expressive : her form wanted no feminine charm. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 571 The world was made in the form of a globe. b. pi. The shape of the different parts of a body. [So Fr. les formes du corps. ] 1837 Lane Mod. Egypt. I. 50 In the Egyptian females the forms of womanhood begin to develop themselves about the ninth or tenth year. 1871 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xviii. 211 The buildings of the city, .presenting forms dear to the antiquary. c. spec, in Crystallogr. (See quots.) 1878 Gurney Crystallogr. 38 This group of faces, which are required to co-exist with a given face by the law of symmetry of the system is called a crystallographic form. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. 60 A set of faces symmetrically FORM 459 FORM. related, such as the six faces of the prism of rock-crystal, is called technically a form. d. Abstractly considered as one of the elements of the plastic arts. 1851 Ruskin Mod. Paint. II. in. 11. iv. § 9 Form we find abstractedly considered by the sculptor. 1879 Rood Chro¬ matics xviii. 314 In painting, .colour is subordinate to form. + e. Beauty, comeliness, [so h. forma.] Obs. 1382 Wyclif IVisd. viii. 2 And loouere I am mad of the foorme of it [wisdom]. 1568 T. Howell Arb. Amitie (1879) 19 Forme is most frayle, a fading flattering showe. 1611 Bible Isa. liii. 2 Hee hath no forme nor comelinesse. 1632 Randolph Jealous Lovers 11. vii, You punish'd The queen of beauty with a mole; but certainly Her perjury hath added to her form. + f. Style of dress, costume. Obs. rare — 1 . 1664 Pepys Diary i£ July, There comes out of the chayre- roome Mrs. Stewart, in a most lovely form. .A lovely crea¬ ture she in this dress seemed to be. + 2 . An image, representation, or likeness (of a body). Also Jig. Obs. a 1225 Ancr. R. 138 Ure deorewurfte goste, Godes owune furme. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 25/43 Ane Croyz of seluer with [>e fourine of god huy leten a-rere. 1340 Ayenb. 87 Oure ri}te uader. . ket .. ssop \>& zaule to his anlycnisse an to his fourme. <1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) viii. 32 In [>e whilk roche es }?e prynte and [?e fourme of his body, c 1600 Shaks. Sonn. ix, That thou no forme of thee hast left behind. 1610 Guillim Heraldry 1. vii. (1611) 29 An esco- cheon is the forme or representation of a shield. 3 . A body considered in respect to its outward shape and appearance; esp. that of a living being, a person. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 4218 King Arthure .. Toward J>is grisliche fourme mid god herte him drou. c 1385 Chaucer L. G. IV. 1768 Lucretia , Right so, thogh that her forme wer absent. The plesaunce of hir forme was present, <1400 Lanfranc s Cirurg. 27 pat pei moun bynde manye pingis in oon foorme, as k e panicle of k e heed byndip sevene boones. 1639 Massinger Unnat. Combat v. ii, Are your aerial forms deprived of language ? 1697 Dryden sEneid vi. 389 Here Toils, and Death, and Death’s half-brother, Sleep, Forms terrible to view, their Centry keep. 1817 Coleridge Lewti 2 To forget the form I loved. 1841 Lane Arab.Nts. I. 77 To his surprise, this very form stood before him. 4 . Philos, a. In the Scholastic philosophy: The essential determinant principle of a thing; that which makes anything (mailer) a determinate species or kind of being; the essential creative quality. This use of form (Aristotle's /uop Palsgrave recorded the form topsy tyrvy. 6 . + a. gen. A grade or degree of rank, quality, excellence, or eminence; one of the classes forming a series arranged in order of merit, official dignity, proficiency in learning, etc. Obs. [So late L. forma prima , secumia , etc., used of the various orders in the clergy, etc.] c 1430 Lydg. Bochas 1. viii. (1544) 12b, Minos..Made statutes. .Of righteousnes they toke the fyrst fourme. 1579 E. K. Gen. Argt. SpenseVs Sheph. Cal. § 3 These. .^Eclogues ..may be..deuided into three formes or ranckes. c 1609 Beaumont Papers (1884) 21, I looke for no ordinarie cocke, hauyng of myne owne of that fourme more then I know what to doe withall. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. 11. ii. § 6 Certainly this kind of Learning deserves the highest form among the difficilcs Nugze. 1687 Burnf.t Reply to Varillas 123 He cannot bear my saying that such matters were above men of his form. 1700 Pepys Let. in Diary VI. 225 Thinking is working, though many forms beneath what my Lady and you are doing. 1702 Steele Funeral 11. (1704) 40 The Tongue is the Instrument of Speech to us of a lower Form. 1710 Acc. Last Distemp. Tom IVhigg 1. 22 The Doctor was a Physician of the first form. b. spec . One of the numbered classes into which the pupils of a school are divided according to their degree of proficiency. In English Schools the sixth form is usually the highest; when a larger number of classes is required, the numbered ‘forms' are divided into ‘upper’ and ‘lower’, etc. The word is usually explained as meaning originally ‘ a number of scholars sitting on the same form ’ (sense 17); but there appears to be no ground for this. 1560 Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 160 b, The maner of teaching the youth, and diuiding them into fourmes. 1655 Heywood Fort, by Land iii. Wks. 1874 VI. 399 We two were bred together, Schoole fellows, Both of one form and like degree in School. 1740 J. Clarke Educ. Youth (ed. 3) no The Master is obliged to divide his Time amongst Boys of different Forms. 1871 M. Collins Mrq. Merck. I. i. 13 He was in the fifth form at Eton. fig. 1774 Fletcher Ess • Truth Wks. 1795 IV. 124 If there are various forms in the School of Truth, t 7 . A model, type, pattern, or example. Obs. 1382 Wyclif i Thess. i. 7 So that3e ben maad fourme, or ensaumple, to alle men bileuynge. c 1425 Wyntoun Cion. vii. vi. 19 Hys Lyf wes fowrme of all meknes, Merowr lie wes of Rychtwysnes. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. iii. iii. (1695) 230 To make abstract general Ideas, and set them up in the Mind, with Names annexed to them, as Patterns, or Forms, (for in that sence the word Form has a very proper signification). 8 . Due shape, proper figure ; orderly arrange¬ ment of parts, regularity, good order; also, mili¬ tary formation. 1595 Shaks. John iii. iv. 101, I will not keepe this forme vpon my head, When there is such disorder in my witte ! *597 — 2 Hen. IV , iv. i. 20 In goodly form comes on the enemy. 1652 Evelyn Diary 22 Mar., His garden, which he was now desirous to put into some forme. 1681 Dryden Abs. A chit. 1. 531 ’Gainst form and order they their power employ, Nothing to build, and all things to destroy. 1697 — Virg. Georg, iv. 606 Where heaps of Billows.. In Form of War, their wat’ry Ranks divide. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 11. x, They came dropping in..not..in form, but all in heaps. 1775 R. King in Life 0^.(1894) I. 9 As soon as one Man was shot down in the front, another from the Rear immediately filled his place, and by that means [they] kept their Body in form. 9 . Style of expressing the thoughts and ideas in literary or musical composition, including the ar¬ rangement and order of the different parts of the whole. Also, method of arranging the ideas in logical reasoning ; good or just order (of ideas, etc.), + logical sequence. 1551 T. Wilson Logike (1580) 84 b, The faulte that is in the forme, or maner of makyng [of a syllogism]. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 81 It reasoneth with itselfe in this forme and order, c 1600 Shaks. Sonn. lxxxv. 8 In polish’d form of well-refined pen. 1602 — Ham. iii. i. 171 Nor what he spake, though it lack’d form a little, Was not like mad¬ ness. 1667 Temple Let. Goumille Wks. 1731 II. 32, I am very little satisfied with the Queen of Spain’s Letter..I think the Form is faulty, as well as the Substance. 1864 Bowen Logic vi. 149 Every correct step of Reasoning, considered simply as such, or in reference to its Form. 1871 Morley Voltaire ( 1886)6 Hardly a page of all these countless leaves is common form. 1876 Stainer & Barrett Did. Mus. TemiSy Fomiy the shape and order in which musical ideas are presented. 1879 Green Read. Eng. H 1st. xxvii. 139 He read the Sonnets of Petrarca, and he learnt what is meant by 4 form ’ in poetry. 1889 Lowell Latest Lit. Ess. (1892) 144 Form .. is the artistic sense of decorum controlling the coordination of parts and ensuring their harmonious subservience to a common end. f 10 . Manner, method, way, fashion (of doing anything). In like form : in like manner. Obs. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 447 }yf byssop..ded were, He grantede, kat koru kyng non destourbance nere, pat me ne chose in ry3te fourme anoker anon, c 1380 Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 177 Crist 3yvep his prechours foorme how pei shal lyue in pis work. 1475 Bk. Noblesse (i860) 24 It is in like fourme knowen of high recorde. 1509 Barclay Shyp of Folys (1874) 1 . 195 In lyke fourme who comyth unto confessyon [etc.]. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay s Voy. iv. viii. 119 Over their shoulders, in the fourme and maner as the picture following doth shew. 1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. 11. 115 He..was crucified..as his master was, but after a diverse forme, with his head downward. 11 . A set, customary, or prescribed way of doing anything ; a set method of procedure according to rule (e.g. at law) ; formal procedure. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 491 & in gode fourme acorded hii were, a 1300 Cursor AT. 19981 (Cott.) 1 ’e form Jrat him bitaght was ar O baptisying, he held it bar. 1596 Spenser State Ire/. (Globe) 622/2 The wrongful! distrayning of any mans goodes. .agaynst the forme of the Common Lawe. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado iv. i. 2 The plaine forme of marriage. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. viii. § 284 Their general; who used, in all dispatches made by himself, to observe all decency in the forms. 1713 Steele Englishm. No. 55. 355 The Lords .. only laid hold of some Forms of Law to have prevented Judgment. 1727 Swift Gulliver in. iv. 205 He was content to go on in the old forms. 1787 T. Jefferson U-'rit. (1859) II. 272 A paper from the admiralty .. sent to me as a matter of form. 1805 T. Lind- lev Voy. Brasil (1808) 77 To make his report, .from whence he came, &c. (a form to which the Portuguese merchantmen are all subject). 1818 Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. ix. 706 The other commissioners being seldom called to deliberate, or so much as assemble for form sake. 1870 Lubbock Orig. Civiliz. i. (1875) 2 The form of capture in weddings. b. In form : according to the rules or prescribed methods (now usually in due or properform) ; also, as a matter of merely formal procedure, formally. [1556 Aurelio Sf Isab. (1608) D vj, It sholde be putte in writmge, and reduitede in fourme of lawe.] 1703 Luttrf.ll Brief Ret. (1857) V. 350 Count de Frize, governor of Landau, writes, that [he] expects to be attackt in form. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 164 f 5 He recovered himself enough to give her the Absolution in Form._ 1736 Lediard Life Alarlborough I. 24 The Art..of besieging a strong Town in Form. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones 1. xi, The citadel was defended in form, and at length, in proper form sur¬ rendered at discretion. 1756-82 J. Warton Ess. Rope II. x. 128 The publisher .. makes a grave apology , in form. 1805 T. Lindley Voy. Brasil xix, The laws, which hereto¬ fore existed only in form, have been thoroughly enforced. + C. In University language : The regular course of exercises, attendance on lectures, etc., prescribed for a particular degree. Only in phrase for his form = L. pro forma. Ohs. c 1470 Harding Chron. cx. heading , At Oxenford, where the clerkes be sworne they shall not rede for theyr fourme at Stamforde. 1523 9 Act 14-15 Hen. VIII, § 3 in O-if. ff Camb. Enactm. 10 A Graduat of Oxforde or Cantebrygge which hath accomplisshed all thyng for his fourme. 1574 M. Stokys in Peacock Stat. Univ. Camb.i 1841) App. A. 19 Iff a Bachelar off Dyvynyte preche for his Frurme. 12 . A set or fixed order of words (e.g. as used in religious ritual) ; the customary or legal method of drawing up a writing or document. 1399 Rolls of Parlt. III. 424/1 Je renounsed and cessed of the State of Kyng. .uppe the fourme that is contened in the same Renunciation and Cession. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. an formed he. 16x4 B. Jonson Barth. Fair iv. vi, Hee’ll go neare to forme to her what a debauch’d Rascall I am. 1675 Brooks Gold. Key Wks. 1867 V. 286, Seven several pleas, that all sincere Christians may form up. c. To give a specified form to; to mould or fashion into a certain shape, or after , by, from, upon a certain pattern or model; to conform to. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 3179 Yfourmed as a dragon ase red ase fur. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 3781 God louyp euery creature bat he formed to hys fygure. c 1330 King of Tars 578 Yif Mahoun and Jovin con Make hit iformed aftur mon, With lyf and lymes ariht. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) vii. 25 pat worme es turned till a fewle perfitely fourmed. c 1440 Gesta Rom. xviii. 332 (Add. MS.) The soule, sette aboute with vertues, whan god fourmed it to his liknesse. <*1533 Ld. Berners Huon Ixxxiii. 263 By y” lorde that fourmyd me to his semblaunce. 1674 tr. Schef¬ fers Lapland 64 Charles .. divided the Countrey into several parts, and formed it into better order. 1683 Salmon Doron Med. 1. 107 Forme it into Lozenges of what Fashion you please. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 172 A state formed after the model of Crete should .. have a character for virtue. d. intr. To shape itself into. Also, +to agree in form, fit with. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 183 In short time wears the outside of that Corner to comply and form with the hollow of the Gouge. 1871 L. Stephen Playgr. Eur. iii. (1894) 72 A ridge of rocky peaks, forming into two ridges about its centre. f e. trails. To express by form, to * body forth ’. 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. i. 1 Sith it [Chastity] is shrined in my Soveraines brest, And form’d so lively in each perfect part, That [etc.]. ff. To agree formally to do something. Obs. c 1400 Dcstr. Troy 10946 There pai fourmyt a fest.. Serten dayes by-dene duly to hold. 2 . To mould by discipline or education ; to train, instruct. Now rare, exc. with the mind, a faculty, etc. as object. Also refl. to shape one’s conduct, style, etc. on or upon (a model). a 1340 Ham pole Psalter xvii. 29 paire maners ere fourmed of samen lifynge. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iii. 305 Thus form’d, for speed he [a horse] challenges the Wind. 1724 A. Collins Gr. Chr. Relig. 140 It seems, .natural for a body of slaves, .to be form’d by their masters. 1746 Col. Records Pennsylv. V. 51 One of Your Royal Blood, form’d upon your Majestie’s Example. 1749 Smollett Gil Bl. v. i, On this hint I formed myself. 1770 LaJighorne Plutarch (1879) D. 715/2 The reward he gave him for forming his son was. .honourable. 1778 Earl Pembroke Equitation 87 There is a great deal of good sense in Xenophon’s method of forming horses for war. 1781 Gibbon Decl. <5- F. III. 2 The most skilful masters .. had laboured to form the mind and body of the young prince. 1812 Sir H. Davy Ckem. Philos. 18 Van Helmont .. was formed in the school of Alchemy. 1847 L. Hunt Men, Women <$• B. II. vii. 96 Formed under their auspices, our parrot soon equalled his instructors. 1889 Jessopp Coming of Friars iv. 197 Rudely scrawled by some one whose hand is not yet formed. absol. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xv. 371 But if gyle be mayster And flaterere his felawe vnder hym to fourmen. b. To inform of; also, to instruct. Obs. 1399 Langl. R. Redeles iv. 58 Somme, .to be kyng wente, And fformed him of foos, bat good ffrendis weren. c 1400 Apol. Loll. 71 What maypey do, but. .abid til peibe formid wip holy writ, how hem is best to do? + c. To instigate, persuade. Obs. 1399 Langl. R. Redeles 1. 107 Pe ffrist pat 30U fformed to pat ffals dede, He shulde have hadde hongynge on hie on pe fforckis. c 1400 Destr. Troy 8027 How pat faire, by his fader, was fourmet to wende To the grekes. 3 . To place in order, arrange. Also, to embody, organize (persons or things) into (a society, system, etc.). Cf. S a. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. viii. 3

to speke but he my^te formen non worde. c 1440 Gesta Rom. xlvii. 204 (Harl. MS.) Adam, the whiche was shapin and formide in the felde of Damaske. 1514 Barclay Cyt. Upiond- yshm. (Percy Soc.) 10 When the worlde was fourmed & create. 1551 Bp. Gardiner Explic. Transubst. 107 Whenne God formed Adam of claye. 1577 Hellowes Gueuara s C hron. 75 He made the Goddesse Venus in Alabaster, .and of waxe did fourme the whole Island Creta. 1611 Bible 2 Esdras vi. 39 The sound of mans voice was not yet formed. 1667 Milton P. L. xi. 570 The liquid Ore he draend Into fit moulds prepar’d ; from which he form’d First his own Tooles. 1800 tr. Lagrange s Client. II. 151 The oxygen of the oxide of the gold seizes on the hydrogen and forms water. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 204 It had recently been formed out of the cavalry who had returned from Tangier, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xxvii. 202 The snow had given way, forming a zigzag fissure across the slope. 1885 Antiquary Sept. 89/1 Henry VIII...was the first Eng¬ lish king to form a gallery of pictures. b. To frame in the mind, conceive (an idea, judgement, opinion, etc.). + Formerly also, to imagine; occas. toform to oneself (— Fr. se figurer ), and with complement. 1595 Shaks. John iv. iii. 45 Could thought, without this obiect, Forme such another? 1667 Decay Chr. Piety xv. 357 The defeat of the secular Design, is commonly the rout¬ ing those Opinions which were formed for the promoting it. 1678 Dryden All for Love 11. Wks. 1883 V. 369, I formed the danger greater than it was, And now ’tis near, 'tis less¬ ened. 1703 Rowe Fair Penit. 11. i. 424 My sad Soul Has form’d a dismal melancholy Scene. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 533 F 2 Form to yourself what a persecution this must needs be to a virtuous and chaste mind. 1779 Burke Corr. (1844) II. 270, I do not form an estimate of the ideas of the churches of Italy and France from the pulpits of Edin¬ burgh. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 44 The reader .. may form to himself some notion of what [etc.]. 1866 J. Martineau Ess. I. 277 We form no judgments till we have got language. c. Parliamentary . = Constitute 6 b. 1825 T. Jefferson Autobiog. Wks. 1859 E 11 Many members being assembled, but the House not yet formed. d. refl. and intr. for refl. 1801 Southey T/talaba 1. xxiv, Three years no cloud had form’d. 1830 Tennyson Sea-Fairies 25 The rainbow forms and flies on the land Over the islands free. 1864 Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. vii. (1875) 113 Very early, .had the belief formed itself that [etc.]. 1880 J. A. Spalding Eliz. Demonol. 128 Stop the butter from forming in the churn. 1893 Lazo Times XCV. 40/1 A sheet of ice had formed in front of Proctor’s house. 5 . To develop in oneself, acquire (habits); to enter into (a junction) ; to contract (an alliance, friendship, etc.). 1736 Butler Anal. 1. v. Wks. 1874 I. 90 Active habits are to be formed by exercise. 1781 Hist. Eur. in Ann. Reg. 2/1 The French .. formed a junction with the Spaniards. 1784 Cowper Task 11.634 We. .form connexions, but acquire no friend. 1828 D'Israeli Chas. I, II. xii. 309 With the Flemings .. our country had from the earliest times formed an uninterrupted intercourse. 1842 Lytton Zanoni 22 He formed no friends. 1891 Speaker 2 May 531/1 Those methodical readers, who have formed the useful habit of keeping commonplace books. 6 . a. To be the components or material of; to go to make up, to compose, b. To serve for, constitute; to make one or part of. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xvii. 169 The fyngres fourmen a ful hande to purtreye or peynten. 1717 tr. Freziers Voy. S. Sea 48 The Continent, with which it [the island] forms two Passages. 1781 Cowper Friendship 14 The requisites that form a friend. 1817 Coleridge Sibyll. Leaves, Fire, Famine <$■ Slaughter , Letters four do form his name. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 294 The Life Guards..now form two regiments. 1873 Ad 36 <$• 37 Vid. c. 77. § 39 The soil forming such butt or target. 1874 Green Short Hist. vi. § 2. 275 Yeomen and tradesmen formed the bulk of the insurgents. 1885 Manch. Exam. 15 July 5/2 A common mould fungus, .forming a kind of black velvety mass. b. 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. II. 35 Every molehill forms a seat. 1841 Brewster Mart. Sc. vi. (1856) 91 His eminent pupil Viviani formed one of his family. 1845 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) 1 . 27 The volume of the canons which had formed the object of his study. 1869 P'reeman Norm. Conq. (1876) III. xi. 59 A realm of which Northumberland con¬ stitutionally formed a part. c. With mixture of sense 2 : To render fit for. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 49 r 3 These are the Men formed for Society. 1777 Robertson Hist. Amer. (1778) I. 11. 84 All these qualities formed him for command. 7 . Gram. a. To construct (a new word) by deri¬ vation, composition, etc. b. Of a word or word- stem : To have (a case, tense, etc.) expressed by a specified inflexion. 1824 L. Murray Gram. I. 348 Dissyllables, formed by prefixing a syllable to the radical word. 1872 Morris Eng. Accid. xiii. 168 The verbs of the strong conjugation form the past tense by a change of the root-vowel. 8 . Milit. and A T aval. a. To draw up (troops, etc.) in order. Also with tip. [C1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1725) 115 Walter Spek ros on hand, [>e folk to forme & taile. c 1400 Destr. Troy 6334 The fourthe batell in feld, he fourmet to leng With Arche- laus], 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817* II. 5 The troops mount, and, the whole being formed, move off the ground. 1833 Regul. Instr. Cavalry 1. 56 The left files to be formed up, and sit at ease. 1838-42 Arnold Hist. Rome III. xliii. 78 Hannibal, .forming his men as fast as they landed, led them instantly to the charge. 1870 Bryant Iliad 1 .11. 69 For 461 there was none to form their ranks for fight. 1893 Forbes- Mitchell Rent in. Gt. Mutiny 41 We weie then formed up and served with some rations. b. refl. and intr. Of troops, ships, etc.: To arrange themselves in or assume some particular disposition or formation, according to prescribed rules. Also with up. To form on (some other body): see quot. 1802. 1722 De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 236 Our army formed immediately. 1736 Ledwru Life Marlborough II. 494 The first Squadrons .. had much ado to form themselves. 1795 Nelson 10 Mar. in Nicolas Disp. II. 11 The Admiral made the signal to form in the Order of Battle. 1796 Instr. Reg. Cavalry (1813) 77 They will at once form up. 1799 Harris in Owen Wellesley’s Desp. 119 The right wing of the army under my command formed on the picquets of the right. 1802 C. James Milit. Did., To Form on, is to ad¬ vance forward, so as to connect yourself with any given object of formation, and to lengthen the line. 1803 Lake in Owen Wellesley's Desp. 405 The infantry formed in two columns. 1832 Ht. Martineau Hill <$• Valley viii. 126 The soldiers formed themselves round the waggon. 1859 Tenny¬ son Riflemen Form! ii, Form, Form, Riflemen Form! Ready, be ready to meet the storm ! 1883 Army Corps Orders in Standard 22 Mar. 3/3 When the ‘assemble’ sounds both Forces will form up by Brigades. c. trans. To arrange themselves in the form of (battalions, a line, etc.). 1772 Simes Mil. Guide (1781) 12 The companies will, .form battalions as they advance to the head of the line, and then halt. 1796 Instr. ^eue to j?e marts ordeyne]> and diuidid euery partie of [?ese spermes. .til )?at he child be born. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 11. iv. § 5. 19 Being as a plant that cometh of the lust of the earth without a formal seed. 1677 Hale Prim, Orig. Man. iii. vi. 277 Although it be admitted that Insects and spoutanee orta do or may arise from a Semen or Principle that is not univocal or formal. c. Pertaining to the outward form, shape, or appearance (of a material object) ; also, in imma¬ terial sense, pertaining to the form, arrangement, external qualities {e.g. of a work of art, a composi¬ tion, etc.). +Also, occas. of knowledge: Theore¬ tical as opposed to practical. 1639 Evelyn Diary (1S27) I. 15 Musick, in which I after¬ wards arriv’d to some formal knowledge, though to small perfection of hand. 1655 G. S. in Hartlib Ref. Comnnu. Bees 27 Honey .. out of which they [the Bees] doe separate a more fat substance, which they also transmute into Wax, with a formal transmutation. 1837 Whewell Hist. Induct. Sc. (1857) I. 273 The distinction of formal and physical Astronomy. #1853 Robertson Senn. Ser. iii. iii. (1872) 39 All living unity is spiritual, not formal, i860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. viii. i. 158 Invention Formal, otherwise and most commonly called technical composition. d. Logic. Concerned with the form, as distin¬ guished from the matter, of reasoning. a 1856 Sir W. Hamilton Led. Logic xxvii. (i860) 11 . 64 The harmony of thought with the form of thought, is .. Formal Truth. Ibid. 231 App. 1. The doctrine which expounds the laws by which our scientific procedure should be governed, in so far as these lie in the forms of thought, or in the conditions of the mind itself, .may be called Formal, or Subjective, or Abstract, or Pure, Logic. 1864 Bowen Logic ii. 42 All this, however, is but the elimination of Formal error. 1870 Jevons Elem. Logic vii. 69 It is no part of formal Logic to teach us how to interpret the meanings of sentences. e. Of or pertaining to customary form or con¬ ventionality. 1712 Pope 1st. Ep.Miss Blount 42 Still in constraint your suturing Sex remains, Or bound in formal, or in real chains. 2 . Characterized by, or regarded according to, its form ; that is (so and so) in respect of form, a. Theol. Formal sin : one which is such in the full sense, as including not merely the outward act which is forbidden, but the circumstances which constitute it as sinful, e.g. evil intention. So formal schism , schismatic, etc. Opposed to material sin , etc. 1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. 11. 92 .Therefore was there a positive Law..not to seeth the Kid in the mothers milke. Not that there was any direct, or formal sin, in that manner of Cookery. ? 1656 Bkamhall Replic. i. 66 Cannot God pardon formall, much more materiall Schism. Ibid. ix. 341 They are not formall, but only materiall Schismaticks. f b. That is such in essence; strictly so called, essential. Obs. FORMAL. 462 FORMALITY. 1691 Ray Creation 11. (1704) 289 The bottom of the Eye where the formal Organ of Vision is situate. + c. That is such merely in outward form or appearance. Obs. 1581 Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 35 Pretty Allegories, stealing vnder the formall tales of Beastes. 1633 Earl Manch. Al Mondo (1636). 155 Formall penitents will easily part with so much of their sinne as may abate nothing of their profit. 1634 Canne Necess. Scpar. (1849) 231 The formal Protestants in England. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr . (1756) I. 286 It is a Kind of formal Leprosy which often begins in the Neck, Mane or Tail. + d. Of quoted statements: Exact with regard to form. Obs. 1563 Foxe A. ff M. 708/1 What were the formall wordes, or at the least-wise in substance that I the sayde Bishop then vttered. 3 . That is according to recognized forms, or to the rules of art or law. Formerly occas. const, f to. 1390 Gower Conf. III. 89 The wise man accompteth After the formal proprete Of algorismes a, be, ce. c 1425 Wyn- toun Cron . ix. Prol. 56 Now Modyr of J?e Makare. .To fair formale Fyne my labouris [>ow lede. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 168 The fourth condicyon of y° prayer of y e clene hert is, that it must be formall: that is to saye, it must be formed and ordred after the order of charite. 1529 More Dial . Touchyng Pest. Sect Luther C ij b, A sylogysme & resonynge, almoste as formall as is the argumente. 1597 Morley Introd. Mus. 74 It followeth to speake of a formal closing without a dis-cord or Cadence. 1602 Daniel Trag Philotas iv. ii, And haue his Tryal formal to our Laws. 1622 Malynes Anc. Law-Merck. 394 You may not say in the Bill, It may please you to pay. .and most men will not vse the words (Make him good Payment) but the fewer words the more formall. 1722 De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 235 No one place, .could have held out a formal siege. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones vi. vii. ( heading ) A picture of formal courtship in miniature,as it always ought to be drawn. t b. Made in proper form, regular, complete. Also in familiar use, ‘ regular’, unmistakable. Obs. 1635 Earl Strafforde Lett. (1739) I. 4 IQ An Indisposi¬ tion which hath hindred me from writing .. a formal Fit of the Gout. 1673 Evelyn Mem. (1857) I* 89 We went, .to see the formal and formidable camp on Blackheath, raised to invade Holland. 1684 Lond. Gaz. No. 1953/1 Though the Lower Town has no other defence than a single Wall, yet his Highness found it convenient to make formal approaches to it. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. 247 As there was a Door or Entrance there into my Cave, I made a formal fram’d Door-case, and a Door to it of Boards. f c. Of a story, etc.: Elaborately constructed, circumstantial. Obs. 1592 Warner Alb. Eng. vii. xxxv. (1612) 168 At full he could his lessons, and a formale lie would tell. 1662 More Philos. Writ. Pref. Gen. (1712) 23 Such was that formal story of his casting incense on the Altar of an Idol. 1663 Butler Hud. 1. ii. 41 And never coyn a formal Lye on’t, To make the Knight o’ercome the Giant. 1708 Swift Sacr. Test Wks. 1755 II. 1.121 When theearl of Pembroke was in Ireland . .a formal story was very gravely carried to his excellency, f 4 . a. Regular, having a definite principle, me¬ thodical. b. Of feature, stature, etc.: Regular, shapely, c. Normal in intellect, sane. Obs. a. 1413 Pilgr. So-wle (Caxton) 1. iii. (1859) 4 The ouer- most of the erthe was moost clere, and alwey the clerenesse amenussing dounward by verray formal processe. 1701 Rowe Amb. Step-moth. v. ii. 2874 Formal Justice that severely strikes, And in an instant is serene and calm. b. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. clxiv. [clx.] 455 Therle of Foiz.. was a goodly prince and of a formall stature. 1548 Hall Chron ., Edw. IV (an. 3) 194 b, She was a woman more of formal countenaunce, then of excellent beautie, but yet of such beautie and favor that [etc.]. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 377 Every joynte and limme..verie formall, and passing hansome. C. 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. v. i. 105 With wholsome sirrups, drugges, and holy prayers To make of him a formall man againe. 5 . Done or made with the forms recognized as ensuring validity; explicit and definite, as opposed to what is matter of tacit understanding. 1547 Boorde Brev. Health Preamble, Let him loke to it, and make a formal wyl or testament. 1560-78 Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot. (1621) 21 It hath power to excommunicate the , obstinate, formall processe being led. 1622 Bacon Holy War Misc. Wks. (1629) 127 As there are Formall and written Leagues, Respective to certaine Enemies; So is there a Naturall and Tacite Confederation, amongst all Men against the common Enemy of Humane Society. 1626 Chas. I in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. III. 249 For Blennill he has yet but made his formale demands concerning the Ships. 1771 Junius Lett. lxii. 321 Nor has there ever been a formal decision against them in any of the superior Courts. 1838 Thirlwall Greece II.. xiv. 228 Cleomenes, without waiting for a formal commission, immediately repaired to Angina. 1856 Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. vii. 129 Both the king and the archbishop had disobeyed a formal inhibition. If Predicatively of a law : Of unmistakable import, decisive. [A Gallicism.] 1701 tr. Le Clerc's Prim. Fathers 260 He could not be transferred to Constantinople without breaking the Fifteenth Canon of the Council of Nice which is formal thereupon. 6 . Connected with or accompanied by form or ceremony; ceremonial, 1 state’. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. xi. lxvi. 283 Scarce Cleopatras Anthony was feasted with more cheere.. than Jenkinson was heere : In formall Hawking, Hunting, Chace not them came Tristram neere. 1841 Elrhinstone Hist. Ind. I. xi. 355 The most general practice on formal occasions is [etc.]. 1875 W. S. Hayward Love agst. World 3 It will save the squire a formal call. + b. Of apparel: Ceremonial, proper to a dignity or office. Cf. Formality io. Obs. x 593 Rites Mon . Ch. Durh . (Surtees) 43 [Pictures of bps. etc.] most largly and sumptuously sett fourth in there formall apparell. 1656 Stanley Hist. Philos, iv. (1701) 136/1, I will not with a formal robe disgrace Myself. 7 . That is merely matter of form: a. Done or adopted for the sake of form or convention; per¬ functory ; having the form without the spirit or substance, b. That is matter of routine only, not of substantial import. a. 1648 Milton Tenure Kings { 1650)45 A formal preach¬ ment huddl’d up at the odd hours of a lazy week. 1676 i Dryden Aurengz . 11. i, Of formal duty, make no more thy boast. 1720 Watts Hymn , Come Holy Spirit, In vain we I tune our formal songs, In vain we strive to rise. b. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IV. 256 This doctrine .. does not extend to mere formal acts. 8. Of persons, their manners and actions: Rigor¬ ously observant of forms ; precise ; prim in attire ; ceremonious. Chiefly in reproachful use : Unduly precise or ceremonious, stiff. 1514 Barclay Cyt. # Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 1 Amyntas was formalle & propre in his gere. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill, iii*. i. 82 Thus like the formall Vice, Iniquitie, I morallizetwo meanings in one word. 1596 — Tam. Shr. iii. i. 61 Are you so formall, sir? 1607-12 Bacon Ess., Ceremonies (Arb.) 26 Especially they [Ceremonies] be not to be omitted to Straungers and formall Natures. 1679 Penn Addr. Prot. I. vii. (1692) 27 He is reported Formal, that will not be Rude to Sacred Things, c 1689 Prior Ode, ‘ While Bloom¬ ing Youth' 25 Forc’d compliments and formal bows. 1693 Hum. Conv. Town 125 The distant Justice of Peace, his formal Spouse, and Daughters. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 119 ? 5 To make Conversation too stiff, formal and precise. 1749 Chesterf. Lett. (1792) II. cxciii. 220 All the evening in formal fine company. 1853 Lytton My Novel 11. vii, More familiar with his master than we formal English permit our domestics to be. 9 . Marked by extreme or excessive regularity or symmetry; stiff or rigid in design ; wanting in ease or freedom of outline or arrangement. 1597 Shaks. Loz’cr's Compl. 29 Her hair, nor loose, nor tied in formal plat. 1753 Hogarth Altai. Beauty vi. 34 When any part of dress has not the excuse of fitness or pro¬ priety for its uniformity of parts, the ladies always call it ; formal. 1807-8 W. Irving Salmag. (1824) t 16 Your plaited shirts, Your formal bag-wigs. 1873 Black Pr. Thule xxi. 353 Small windows with formal red curtains. 1874 L. Stephen Hours in Library (1892) I. iii. 120 Pope .. was one of the first, .to break through the old formal school of gardening. b. In immaterial sense: Having a * set ’ or rigor¬ ously methodical aspect or character. 1726 Shelvocke Voy. round World (1757) 423 It would perhaps be too formal to enter upon a discourse concerning their government. 1846 McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) II. 367 Formal harangues of this sort are about the least efficient of all the modes in which information can be con¬ veyed to the student. 1865 Grote Plato (1875) Pref. 5 The dramatic—as contrasted with the formal and systematising. B. sb. In pi. Things that are formal. 1605 Timme Quersit. 11. iv. 14 Simples may be distinguished into those things which are simple formes, and into those which are simple matters; or into those things which are simply formals, and into those which are simply materials. Those things which are simply formall are astrall and spirituall. 1875 Whitney Life Lang. v. 95 They are etherealized formals. Formal, var. form of Formel. Formalism (fjLimaliz’m). [f. Formal a. + -ism. Not in Johnson, Todd, or Richardson.] 1 . Strict or excessive adherence to prescribed forms; an instance or variety of this. 1840 in Smart. 1850 Kingsley A It. Locke xiii. (1879) 151 Useless formalism! which lets through the reckless, .and only excludes the honest and the conscientious. 1852 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Madotttta Introd. (1857) 2 5 The rigid formal¬ ism of the degenerate Greek school. 1862 Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) III. xxii. 12 Completely enchained by their dogmatic formalisms. 1875 Stubbs Const. Hist. III. xviii. 273 The constitutional formalism of three reigns. 2 . The disposition to exalt what is formal or outward at the expense of what is spiritual ; the practice of using forms of worship and of religious profession without real devotion or conviction. 1856 R. A. Vaughan Mystics ( i860) II. 219 Formalism does not lie in these outward things themselves—it consists in the spirit in which they are used. 1878 Morley Carlyle, Crit. Misc. Ser. 1. 201 The cant and formalism of any other de¬ generate form of active faith. 1883 Froude Short Stud. IV. II. iv. 208 The family devotions were long, but there was no formalism. Formalist (fpumalist). [f. as prec. + -ist.] fl. A formal person, a solemn pretender to wis¬ dom. Obs. 1607-12 Bacon Ess., Of Seeming Wise ( Arb.) 214 There are in pointe of wisedome .. that doe nothing or litle verie solemlye..It is a ridiculous thing, .to see what shiftes theis Formalists have .. to make superficies to seeme body, that hath depth and bulk. + 2 . One who formally adheres to the prevailing system ; a time-server in religion. Obs. 1609 Downam Chr. Liberty 75 Do not many, .thinke them- selues the more religious, for refusing obedience, .to the lawes, and censure others as formalists and time-seruers ? 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. iv. iv. 1. v, New Gods..will have new ceremonies .. to which every wise man as a good for¬ malist should accommodate himself. 1632 D. Lupton Lond. < 5 * Co. Carbonadoed, Exchange (1857) 276 A great Formalist, and an hazardable temporizer. 3 . a. One who is excessively attached to forms; a stickler for fixed rule, etiquette, routine, or cere¬ monial. b. One who has the form of religion without the power. 1637 Gillespie Eng. Pop. Cerent, iii. iv. 47 The Cere¬ monies are Idols to Formalists. 1642 Milton Apol. Smed. (1851)316 Though the formalist will say, what no decency in Gods worship? 1706-7 Re/lex. upon Ridicule 183 Those Formalists who demand Explications of the least ambiguous Word. 1742 Young Nt. Th. iv. 638 Oh ye cold-hearted, frozen, formalists ! On such a theme, ’tis impious to be calm. 1814 Scott Drama (1874)221 The former may be called the formalist of dramatic criticism. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 19 Nobody ..except the solemn formalists at the Spanish embassy, thought his youth an objection to his promotion. 1870 Spurgeon Treas.Dav. Ps. xxviii. 1 Mere formalists may be content without answers to their prayers, but genuine suppliants cannot. 14 . Sc. ? An authority on legal forms. Obs. 1612 Spottiswood Let. in Scot Apol. Narr. (1846) 236 To make choice of my Lord Secretary to be our formalist and adviser of our acts. Formalistic (f£imali*stik), a. [f. prec. + -ic.] Characterized by formalism. 1856 Miss Winkworth Life Tattler (1857) io 7 Partakers of a spiritual in opposition to a formalistic piety. 1875 Poste Gains iv. Comm. (ed. 2) 516 Its shortcoming was not so much its formalism (the following system was equally formalistic). Formality (ffzimee'liti). [ad. L. for mall Ids, f. for mails Formal a. Cf. F. formality (1497 in Hatz.-Darm.).] f 1 . Formal or essential nature; the characteristic or distinctive property by which a thing is defined. Also, the condition of possessing formal existence. 1570 Dee Math. Pref. 3 Creatures .. brought, from Nothing, to the Formalitie of their being and state. 1596 Bell Surv. Popery in. ix. 378 The formalitie of original sin is of two sorts. 1649 Jer. Taylor Gt. Exetnp. iii. xvii. 66 This calamity in its own formality, .is a punishment. 1672 Grew Anat. Plants, Idea Philos. Hist. § 7 Those Formali¬ ties, wherein their [plants’] Essence doth consist. 1686 Goad Celest. Bodies iii. iii. 449 Motion is the Formality of Wind. 1737 Waterland Eucharist 19 Mr. Scandret, distinguishing a Sacrament, according to its precise For¬ mality, from a Sacrifice, observes [etc.]. t b. Formal aspect or category. Obs. 1620 J. Healey Augustine's City of God 1. xiv. 23 The City being nothing but a multitude of men vnited in one formality of religion and estate. 1660 Jer. Taylor Dud. Dttbit. 1. iii, If it be propounded as evil, the will that j chooses it under that formality is criminal. 1668 Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. 1. xxviii. 70 The womb is sensible of j Odours, not under the formality of Odours, but is only I affected by the. .subtile vaporous matter conjoyned. | f 2 . That which pertains to outward form ; also, an outward appearance or semblance {of some¬ thing). Obs. 1615 J. Stephens Ess. <$• Char., Impudent Censurer(iZsp 134 The walking Apes; which on the Mountaines seeme carefull Inhabitants, but at your approach, the formality of man only. 1640 Bp. Hall Episc. 11. xxii. 215 There maybe some appendances and formalities of government alterable by the wisdome of the Church ; yet for the main substance, it is now utterly indispensable. 1645 Milton Tetrach. (1851) 191 Sacred things not perform'd sincerely, .are noway acceptable to God in their outward formality. 1649 — Eikon. xxvii, To root up all true virtue and honour, or to be contented only with some leaves and withering formali¬ ties of them, without any real fruits. 13 . Method, regularity. Also, uniform proce- | dure. Obs. 1603 Holland Plutarclis Mor. 423 Who greatly com¬ mended the Eliens for observing such good order and for¬ mality at the Olympick games. 1628 Le Grys tr. Barclay's Argent’s 101 Meleander .. had .. escaped [poison] by the carefulnesse of his seruants, who did looke to his meate and his clothes with a curious formality. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. iii. § 182 Such Judges (whose formality was first to Imprison, and after, at their leisure, to Examine), a 1650 May Satir. Puppy (1657 1 15 A strange dejected humour possest him three months, his actions were quite void of for¬ mality, his domestick affaires by himselfe neglected. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. iv. ii. § 5 The Archbishop .. was very punctual and ceremonious in his proceedings., the formality of his exemplary justice [etc.]. 4 . Accordance with legal form. 1660 Trial Regie. 51 When a man would plead any thing, because he would Plead it in Formality, Councel is allowed. *693 Creech Juvenal xiii. 179 If Men forswear the Deeds and Bonds they draw, Tho’ Sign’d with all formality of Law. f 5 . Literary or artistic form; agreement with the laws of form. Obs. 1531 Elyot Gov. 1. xiv. "(1883) 149 Than appoynte they howe many plees maye be made for euery parte, and in what formalitie they shulde be sette, whiche is the seconde parte of Rhetorike, called disposition. 1597 M orley Introd. Mus. 76 In descanting you must not onelie seeke true cordes, but formalitie also: that is, to make your descant carrie some forme of relation to the plaine song. 1674 Playford Skill Mus. iii. 14 If in the first Rule the Notes follow not in expected formality. 1677 Phil. Trans. XII. 838 Formality [in music] requires, that the succeeding Notes be agreable to the former. 6. Conformity to established rule; customary propriety. Often in depreciative sense, rigid or merely conventional observance of forms. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xxix. § 1 The attyre .. being a matter of meere formalitie. a 1625 Chas. I Let. in Athcnaetim 24 Feb. (1872) 241/3 Which I wryt not for formalities sake, but doe indede fynd myselfe ingaged both in honnorand affection. 1706 Atterbury Serm. Fune¬ ral Mr. Bennet 13 Nor was his Attendance on DivineOffices a matter of Formality and Custom, but of Conscience.. 1874 Morley Compromise (1886) 179 If the religious spirit is only a fine name for .. mere social formality. 1881 Tylor in Nature No. 623. 529 To give an idea of the state of for¬ mality into which life has come among these supposed free- and-easy savages. FORMALIZATION. 463 FORMAT. 7. Ceremony, elaborate procedure. 1666 Pepys Diary 11 Apr., To Gresham College ; where a great deal of do and formality in choosing of the Council and officers. 1705 Stanhope Paraphr. II. 329 Our Enemy makes his Approaches toward us with less Formality, .than He. .could do against the Holy Jesus. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 96 Prodigious state and formality. 1865 Maffei Brigand Life I. 240 Without a moment’s delay, and with scarcely any formality, the sentence was carried into effect. 8. A ceremony; a formal act or observance; a legal, authorized, or customary procedure. 1674 Martinif.re tr. Voy. N. Countries 52 The pleasant Funeral formalities among the Muscovian Laplanders. 1741 Middleton Cicero I. vi. 530 After the election, he was installed, with all the usual formalities, by Hortensius. 1749 Fielding Tom Jofhcs xvi. iv, I insist on the formality of its being delivered me, with a full ratification of all the conces¬ sions stipulated. 1862 Trollope Or ley F. i, A codicil to his will, executed with due legal formalities. 9. Something required to be done for form’s sake; a requirement of etiquette, custom, etc. (Often de- preciatively , implying mere attention to externals.) 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. 1. § 20 It would put an end.. to all those Formalities, which .. might yet retard the In¬ fanta's voyage into England. 1664 H. More Myst. Iniq . 453 Antichrist and his adherents .. boasting of works and dead formalities. 1685 Gracian's Courtiers Orac. 169 He shall never gain the esteem of an able man, who sticks too much upon Formalities. 1840 Carlyle Heroes (1858) 282 How, by fasts, vigils, formalities and mass-work, a man’s soul could be saved. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. viii. 90 Many a warm shake of the hand showed me that our good¬ bye was not a mere formality. 1874 Green Short Hist . iv. § 2. 174 Their presence .. became so pure a formality that [etc.]. f b. Ceremonious attention (paid to a person). 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) 96 The Emperour.. became his host, entertaining him with all the formalities that feigned friendship could deuise. 1692 Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) II. 564 The mayor and aldermen attended on the prince and princesse daily ; but had received notice, .to desist paying those formalities. 1726 Shelvocke Voy. round World (1757) 407 Those .. they guessed .. to be above the common sort. These they always received with such formality as could not be expected in such a place. 10. fl. or collect. sing. Robes or insignia of office or dignity. Obs. exc. Hist . + Also ( rarely ) in sing., an armorial bearing. 1575 R. Laneham Letter (1871) 41 Appeerez then a fresh, in hiz ful formalitee with a louely loock. 1614 Selden Titles Hon. 196 Neither haue they now the Crown as a part of their habit, but a formalitie only on their Armorie. 1614 T. Lorkin Let. in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) III. 35 Doctors in their formalityes and vpon their foots- cloths. 1696 Lond. Gaz. No. 3176/1 In the morning the Magistrates went to Church in a Body, and in their Formality. 17s* Johnson Rambler No. 173 P 8 Divest themselves with too much haste of their academical for¬ mality. 1753 in Lond. Even. Post 9 Aug., The corporation of Scarborough waited upon the Rt. Hon. Henry Pelham, Esq., in their formalities. 1894 Boase Exeter Coll. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) p. xlvii, The picture of a man kneeling, with his gown and formalities upon him. + b. In wider sense: Ceremonial or significant garments of any kind. Obs. 1672 Cave Prim. Chr. iil v. (1673) 367 They appeared in all the Formalities of Sorrow and Mourning. 1717 Mrs. Centlivre Bold Str. for Wife v, I hoped to have been quiet, when once I had put on your odious formality here [i. e. a Quaker dress], 11. The attribute of being formal; precision, rigid decorum of manners; excessive regularity or stiff¬ ness (of style, outline, etc.). 1599 Nashe Lenten Stuffe (1871) 33 A universal mer- chantly formality, in habit, speech, and gestures. ^1674 Clarendon Hist. Reb. vi. § 396 That which look’d like Formality, was a Punctuality in preserving his dignity. 1789 Belsham Ess. I. iii. 66 The frozen formality, .of Charles occa¬ sioned extreme disgust. 1830 Hood Haunted H. I. xxv, The very yew Formality had train’d To such a rigid pyramidal stature. 1834 Macaulay Pitt, Ess. (1889) 301 His heart was a little cold, .his manners decorous even to formality. 1849 Florist 285 On our left the lake, the formality of its smooth banks elegantly broken by those willows. Formalization (f^imalaiz^jan). [f. Forma¬ lize : see -ation.] The action of the vb. Forma¬ lize ; also, f an expression of offended dignity. 1656 Finett For. Ambciss. 68 His Majesty, .stormed much at it, till (Sir Thomas Edmonds .. being sent .. from his Majestie with some formalization to that purpose) The Ambassador was said the next day to have made his excuse. 1682 Burthogge Argument (1684) 114 The Holy Scripture nowhere intimates, .anysuch Formalization, Incorporation, or Distinguishing Association of Righteous good men. 1875 M c Cosh Scot. Philos, lvii. 417 He attempts too much by logical differentiation and formalisation. Formalize (fp’-imaloiz), v. [f. Formal a. + -ize. Cf. F .formaliseri] f 1. traits. To give formal being to; to impart or constitute the form, essence, or characteristic attribute of; to * inform as the soul the body. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lvi. § n The same Spirit., doth.. formalize, vnite, and actuate his whole race. 1627 Hakewill Apol. 1. iv. § 1. 39 Quickned and formaliz’d, as the body of man is by its reasonable Soule. 1678 Gale Crt. Gentiles iv. iil 68 The malice and vitiositie which formalised the action as theirs, is no way imputable to Gods act. 12. To adorn, give a specious appearance to. 1597 Daniel Civ. Wars 11. lviii, To formalize his deed, He kneeles him downe. 1604 Edmonds Observ. Caesars Comm. 4, I graunt that it is not altogether wealth that doth grace and formalize the actions of men : for in some cases penurie .. makes men more valorous. 3. To give formal or definite shape to. 1646 Bp. Maxwell Bnrd. Issach. in Phenix (1708) II. 298 They establish’d and formaliz’d the Judicatory, by consti¬ tuting a Moderator, a Clerk, and other essential Members of the Court. 1647 Answ. to Let. to Dr. Turner 19 The Apostles, .did in their latter dayes formalize and bound out that power which still we do call Episcopacy. 1844 Ld. Houghton Palm Leaves 89 You can fix and formalize The Power on which you raise your eyes. 1877 Mrs.. Oliphant Makers Flor. ii. 50 The gates..shut against him, did no more than formalize that sentence of banishment. + 4. To cause to take sides definitely ; rejl. to range oneself, or pronounce, for or against. [So formerly Fr. se fonnaliser.~\ Obs. 1599 Sandys Europce Spec. (1632) 206 Whereby both parts are formalized and settled.in their oppositions. 1656 Finett For. Ambass. 219 For his Majesty to establish an order, and after to break it .. could not but be to him of so hard a digistion .. yet he must [.if offered) .. formalize himself against it. 5. To render formal : a. To give legal formality to (a document), b. To render ceremonious, pre¬ cise, or rigid, c. To imbue with formalism. 1855 Fraser's Mag. LI. 628 Its seal..frequently formalizes legal documents. 1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. III. iv. xiii. § 28 It sought eminently for orderliness .. formalized what¬ ever decoration it put into its minor architectural mould¬ ings. 1866 J. H. Newman Let. Pusey 85 When it is formal¬ ized into meditations or exercises, it is as repulsive as love- letters in a police report. 1870 Goulburn Cathedr. Syst. iii. 42 Having a tendency to familiarise them with holy things, and to lower their standard of reverence, or, at best to formalize them. 6 . intr. To act with formality; to be formal or ceremonious ; to show the spirit of a formalist. a 1656 Hales Ser. Duels Rem. (1673) 84 Many times indeed our Gallants can formalize in other words, but ever¬ more the substance, and usually the very words are no other but these of Cain, Let us go out into the Feild. 1697 [see Formalizing vbl. sb.\ 1721 Bailey , Formalize, to play the Formalist. 1830 [see Formalizing ppl. a.]. t 7. a. traits. To cavil at, raise scrupulous ob¬ jections to. b. intr. To cavil, raise scruples; to take umbrage; also, to affect scruples. To forma¬ lize upon : to scruple at, demur to, haggle over. [Cf. F. seformaliser , to take umbrage.] a. 1599 Sandys Europe Spec. (1632)95 By culling out the errours .. by formalizing the contrarieties ; mis-interpreting the ambiguitie, intangling more the obscurities .. in the most renowmed authors. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 1195 His resolution was to take part with the Christian emperour, if the great Bassaes. .should seeke. .to formalize his actions.. in this maner of the obtaining of his government. 1668 R. L’Estrange Vis. Quev. (1708) 236 That is to say, whether in Reason of State, it ought to be done ; and we are formalizing the Matter, whether in point of Equity and Justice it may be done. b. 1597 Lowe Chirurg. (1634) 57 But, because such as delight in this pastime, will formalize .. I will not al¬ together condemne it. 1641 Nicholas Papers (Camden) I. 41 Y c kings answer to y e parlement. .is now to noe purpose. Y e house haveing formalized uppon it, y® king hath recalled it. 1655 Ibid. II. 216 Some of the townes suspecting the in¬ tention began to formalise, a 1674 Clarendon Life (1761) I. iii. 148 Particulars .. which the Officers on the King’s Side, (who had no Mind to a Cessation) formalized much upon. 1692 R. L’Estrange Josephus' Antiq. xvn. xi. (1733) 471 It seems a strange thing, .that Archelaus should be now formalizing about his Title to a Kingdom after so absolute an Exercise of sovereign Power over it already. a 1734 North Lives II. 301 He went not only willingly, but am¬ bitiously, and formalized upon nothing that led towards the end he most earnestly desired, a 1797 H. Walpole Mem. Geo. //, (1847) I. xii. 418 He .. told him that they had formalized at his professions. Hence Fo rmalized ppl. a .; Fo rmalizing* vbl. sb., and ppl. a. Also Fo rmalizer, one who for¬ malizes. 111656 Hales St. Peter's Fall Rem. (1673) iii They turned .. their true Fasting into Formalizing and partial abstinence. 1697 Collier Immor. Stage iv. § 3 (1730) 145 Vanity and Formalizing is Lord Foplington’s Part, a 1734 North Lives II. 65 The ministers turned formalisers; and the court mysterious. — Exam. iii. viii. § 26 He found no formalising Scruples on the Lord Keeper’s Part. 1830 Croly Geo. IV, 364 The spirit of the juntas was timid, frivolous, and formalizing. 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lainps vi. § 3. 165 Those gloomy rows of formalised minuteness. 1875 Whitney Life Lang. v. 90 A complete formalizing of what was before solid, positive, substantial. t Po'rmall. Obs. rare. [? f. Foe- Fore- pref. + Mall. Cf. Forehammer.] (See quot.) 1572 Bossewell Armorie 11. 123/b, A Sledge or an Hammer, of some called a formall. Formally (fpMmali), adv. [f. Formal a. + -ly 2. (Cf. Formly.)] 1. In formal respects; as regards form. a. Metaph. (see Form sb. 4 a, Formal A. 1 a) : With regard to, or by virtue of, the form or distinctive essence. Also in Logic : With regard to the form, as opposed to the matter of reasoning. 1570 Dee Math. Pref. 13 But formally, Number, is the Vnion, and Vnitie of Vnits. 1581 E. Campion in Confer, iv. (1584) B bj. When. .the Iewes were commanded to steale from the Egyptians, it was in the act theft, but not formally theft. 1678 Gale Crt. Gentiles iii. 32 Neither ..that God doth properly move to sin simply and formally taken, or sin as sin. 1685 Baxter Paraphr. N. T. 1 Cor. xi. 23-4 The same thing which is materially Gold and Silver, may formally be the King’s Coyn. .or a badge of Honour..[etc.]. 1697 tr * Bur- gersdicius' Logic 1. xxvi. 106 Words .. are said to be taken materially when for themselves; formally, when for the things by them signified. 1713 Smallridge Sernt. (1724) 331 The heathen and the Christian may agree in the material acts of charity; but that which formally makes this a Christian grace, is the spring from which it flows. 1864 Bowen Logic ii. 24 Hence what is formally correct may be materially false. 1877 E. Caird Philos. Kant 11. vi. 295 A judgment is formally right when its predicate is contained in the conception of the subject; formally wrong when it is not. b. With regard to form or outline. 1868 Swinburne Ess. Stud. (1875) 360 His .. painting is . .the faultless, .expression of an exclusive worship of things formally beautiful. t c. In outward appearance, seemingly. Obs. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. xii. lxxiv. (1612) 305 The gentle¬ woman (formally then modest) blushing, said. 1608 Middle- ton Mad World iv. iv, The very devil assum’d thee formally; That face, that voice. 1649 Ball Pozver of Kings 7 Even so there is.. an Act, or Being Really just, and seemingly or formally just, .which may be in itself unjust. f 2. In good form: a. In good order, style, or method, b. Handsomely. Obs. c 1400 Beryn 3457 He reportid the tale rijjt formally. 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. IV (an. 14) 32 b, This kyng was of a mean stature wel proporcioned and formally compact. 13. According to the principles of art or science. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas, v. xi, All the eyght partes. .Are Laten wordes, annexed properly To every speche, for to speke formally. 1597 Morley Introd. Mus. Pref., Any of but meane capacitie. .may. .perfectly learn to sing, make discant, and set partes well and formally togither. b. According to logical form; hence, + logic¬ ally, convincingly. c 1526 Frith Disput. Purgat. (1829) 112 Therefore this argument holdeth not formally. 1548 Gest Pr. Masse 89 If thys be formal lye argued, .then it argueth etc. f 4. Regularly : a. In the ordinary or proper way. b. ‘Asa rule under normal circumstances, c. With exact correspondence. Obs. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts (1658) 237 When they [horses] came to hand to lay upon their backs a little boy flat on his belly; and afterward to make him sit upon him formally, holding him by the head. 1627 Capt. Smith Seaman s G ram. ii. 9 The entering Ladder is in the Waist, made formally of wood. 1674 Playford Skill Mus. in. 13 What Cords have held good in this ascending and descending of the Bass, answer in the contrary by the very same rule, though not so formally as the other. 5. Explicitly, expressly. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 19 b, Though the gyftes of the holy goost speketh not formally all these wordes before sayd. a 1600 Hooker (J.), You and your followers do stand formally divided against the authorised guides of the church, and the rest of the people. 1682 Norris Hierocles Pref. 28 Though this be not formally intended by the Agent. 1765 Blackstone Comm. (1793) 48 Though perhaps in no instance it has ever been formally expressed at the first in¬ stitution of a state. 1841 Myers Cath. Th. iii. xx. 3 A book of Maxims and of Precepts everywhere formally didactic. 1853 C. Bronte Villette xxxvii, I cannot say that Paulina., formally proposed to herself the task of winning him to reflec¬ tion. + b. In identical form. Obs. 1682 Case Prot. Eng. 8 All the Profits, .are to be refunded if they be extant and found among their Goods, formally, or but so much as equivalently. 6 . In prescribed or customary form; with the formalities required to give validity or definiteness to the action ; in set form, statedly. 1564 Child Marriages (E. E. T. S.) 135 This deponent made a certen note of her Will..and after she was dede, this examinant made it formallie. 1597 Warner A lb. Eng. viii. xii. 200 At length at full and formally he courted her for grace. 1634-5 Brereton Trav. (Chetham Soc.) 9 They . .the wife and husband, .conclude formally in writing, .that the longest liver take all. 1688 Lond. Gaz. No. 2319/3 The place was not to be formally besieged, but by a numerous Army. 1741-2 H. Walpole Lett. H. (1834) I. xxi. 86 Waller was to have been the other but has formally refused. 1838 Thirlwall Greece V. xxxviii. 63 He was now formally accused by Iphicrates. i860 Tyndall Glac . 1. v. 40 ,1 formally took up my position there. 7. With formality of manner, ceremoniously. c 1611 Chapman Iliad 111. 239 He stood a little still. .His sceptre moving neither way, but held it formally, Like one that vainly doth affect. 1697 Collier Ess. Alor. Subj ., Pride (1703) 26 To be stiff and formally reserved, as if the Company did not deserve our Familiarity. 1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam. IV. 66 Courtesying formally, she abruptly left her. 8 . As a matter of form. 1870 Rogers Hist. Gleanvigs Ser. 11. 235 Convocation .. never met, except formally, for near a century. Formalness (f^umalnes). [f.asprec. + -NESS.] The quality of being formal. 1684 H. More Answer 24 To awaken them out of their remisness and litherly formalness. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Formalness , ceremony, affectation. 1890 Pall Mall G. 4 Oct. 2/3 An altogether unnecessary formalness of design in his studies for scratched plaster work. + Fo'rmament. obs — ° [f. L. formament- tt/itj i.formare to form. Cf. OF. formementi] 1727 Bailey vol. II, Formament, a Mould, Form or Shape. + Forma*nging, vbl. sb. Obs. rare. [f. ME. *formang-en to barter (f. For- pref. 1 + maitgen , whence Monger + -ing *).] Barter, exchange. a 1300 E. E. Psalter liv. 20 [lv. 19] Noght es to J? am for-manging [mistransl. Lat. commutation. || Format (forma). [F. format, (according to Littre ad. L. {liber) formdtus, (a book) formed in such or such a way).] Shape and size of a book e.g. octavo, quarto, etc. 1840 Moore Mem. (1856) VII. 272 To bring out the ‘ History’..in a better shape than that vile Lardnerian format. 1883 Sat. Rev. 5 May LV. 580 The book .. is FORMATE. 464 FORME L. not undeserving of the pretty square format in which it appears. Mod. Prospectus, Format and paper of present Prospectus. Formate (fjfim#), sb. Chem. Also less ana¬ logically formiate. [f. Formic) +-ate.] A salt of formic acid. 1807 T. Thomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 316 Formic acid may be obtained from formate of lead. Ibid. 521 Salts. .Formiates. 1825 Hamilton Handbk. Perms, Formates. 1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 153 A formiate. 1876 Harley Mat. Med. 105 Formiate of potash. t FO'rmate, V. Obs. [f. L. format - ppl. stem of formdre to Form.] 1 . trans. To form, mould. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer’s Bk. Physicke 50/1 Intermixe it with whyte waxe, and formate therof little Candles. 2 . ? To state in a precise form ; to formulate. 1656-7 Burtons Diary (1828) I. 361 Unless you will have me to say nothing, but what you shall formate to me. Formation (fpim^'Jan). [ad. L. formation - em , n. of action f. form-are to Form : see -ation.] 1 . The action or process of forming; a putting or coming into form ; creation, production. c 1450 Chester PL (Shaks. Soc.) I. 10 The worlde.. I forme in the formacion With a dongion of darcknes. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. cclvii, Aboute this tyme there was a great formation of monasteries. 1530 Palsgr. 12 The rules that I shall gyve for the formation of tenses. 1656 Cowley Davideis iv. note xxvi, The Formation of the Body in the Womb. 1707 Curios, in Husb. <$■ Gard. 315 The Formation of Barnacles is exactly the same. 1830 D’Israeli Chas. /, III. iv. 43 The complete formation of this administration was interrupted by the death of the Earl. 1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 52 The escape of hydrogen and the formation of a neutral salt. 1863 Geo. Eliot Romola 1. xi, His mind had really reached a new stage in its formation of a purpose. 2 . concr. The thing formed. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 111. vi. 117 The Chorion, a thick.. membrane obscuring the formation, and which the Dam doth teare asunder. 1800 Med. Jrnl. III. 501 Produc¬ tive of some disgusting formation in their children. 1872 Morris Eng. Accid. xviii. 234 Modern formations are numerous, as acquittal [etc.]. 3 . The manner in which a thing is formed with respect to the disposition of its parts; formal struc¬ ture, conformation. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) II. 324 These holes are dug with so much art, that there seems the design of an architect in the formation. 1808 Med. Jrnl. XIX. 325 Remarks, .as to the formation of clouds. 1845 Budd Dis. Liver 253 The liver.. varies much in size, in different persons, .from mere peculiarities of formation. 1867 Smyth Sailor s Word • bk., Formation, .the particulars of a ship’s build. 4 . Alii. An arrangement or disposition of troops. 1796-7 Instr. 4 * Reg. Cavalry (1813) 98 The formation be¬ comes the same as to the front. 1802 in C. James Milit. Diet. 1832 Regul. Instr. Cavalry 11. 20 The .. Formations must be executed as often by the left as by the right. 1879 Froude Caesar xxii. 388 The usual Roman formation in battle was in triple line. 5 . Geol. (See quots.) 1815 W. Phillips Outl. Min. $ Geol. (1818) 88 The term formation is not always used to express a deposite consisting only of a single stratum, .it is also commonly used to desig¬ nate a series of .. strata, which being intimately associated, and containing the same description of organic remains, are thence, .considered to be of contemporaneous formation. 1833 Lyell Elem. Geol. i. (1874) 4 The term ‘ formation ’.. expresses .. any assemblage of rocks which have some character in common, whether of origin, age, or composition. 1881 Nature XXIV. 14 The formation, by which, adopting a terminology now in much favour on the Continent, we mean the lithological character and origin of the rock. 0. attrib., as fo'rmation-stage ; formation-level (see quot.). 1888 Lockwoods Diet. Mech. Engin., Formation Level, the level of the tops of the embankments and bottoms of the cuttings of a railway upon which the ballast is laid. 1892 Gladstone in Daily News 8 Sept. 3/1 In the formation stage of its existence. U = Information. C1470 Henry Wallace v. 977 Pardown he ast off the repreiff befor; and said, he suld no mor Formacioune [ed. 1570 Information] mak off him that was so gud. Hence rorma’tional a. [see -al], of or pertaining to formation or formations. 1886 Amer. Jrnl. Sc. Ser. 111. XXXII. 244 Formational and historical geology. Formative (fp-imativ), a. {sb.) [a. OF. for - motif ‘, -ive (12th c.), as if ad. L. *formdtiv-us, i. for mare to form : see -ive.] A. adj . 1 . Having the faculty of forming or fashioning. 1490 Caxton Eneydos xvi. 64 The arteres formatyue of speche were stopped wythin hym. 1614 Selden Titles Hon. Pref. Biv, The formatiue power of the Parents. 1653 Gauden Hierasp. 74 All other creatures rising up, as bubbles, .so soon as the formative Word of God .. fell .. on the face of the great deep. 1824 Examiner 451/2 Associa- tions formative of lasting mind and character. 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. ix. (1873) 235 The formative organs themselves are perfect in structure. 2 . Of or pertaining to formation or moulding. 1850 Leitch Mailer's Anc. Art § 346. 417 The formative art. 1867 J. Hogg Microsc. 11. i. 256 The formative processes of plant-life. 1875 Whitney Life Lang. iv. 46 The early formative period of the Christian church. 3 . Biol, and Path. (See quots.) 1877 Bennett tr. Thom£s Bot. 41 A special tissue to which the names of formative or generating tissue and meristem have been given. 1894 Duane Diet. Med., Formative, pro¬ ducing, or attended with the production of, new tissue. 4 . Gram. Serving to form words: said chiefly of flexional and derivative suffixes or prefixes. 1711 J. Greenwood Eng. Gram. 186 The formative Ter¬ minations. 1797 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. III. 338 The I use of formative syllables. 1872 Morris Eng. Accid. xviii. 211 To get at the root of a word we must remove all the formative elements. B. sb. Gram. a. A formative element (see A. 4). b. 1 A word formed in accordance with some rule 1 or usage, as from a root’ (W.). (Cf. derivative.) 1816 Q. Rev. XV. 363 The element or formative, he seems I to think, is employed to express the thing which modifies or | connects itself with the idea suggested by the primitive. 1865 J. Davies Temporal Augment 31 In this language prefixed particles or augments are used as verbal formatives. Hence Formatively adv. ; Fo rmativeness. 1654 tr - Bellmen's Myst. Magnum xxxvii. 254 That which he introduced out of the deity into the humanity, that is, neither nature, nor creature, yet in our humanity forma- tively. 1849 Fraser's Mag. XXXIX. 664 These are the pure links of nature, wholly innocent of human formativeness. 1874 Pusf.y Lent. Serin. 318 ' Having or holding ’, S. Paul says, a ‘ formativeness of godliness ’ [2 Tim. iii. 5 tiop^nuau']. t Formator. Obs. rare. [a. L .formator, agent- 11. f. formdre to form.] A person or thing that forms ; a creator, maker. 1656-81 Blount Glossogr., Formator (Lat.) he that in¬ structed, maketh or formeth. 1794 Sullivan View Nat. IV. 247 If fire was its spring or formator. Fo rmatory, a. nonce-wd. [f. Form v. after the analogy of Reformatory a .] Tending to form. 1868 Ruskin Arroius of Chace (1881) II. 199 The real and noblest function of labour is..not to be Reformatory but Formatory. t Formatrix. Obs. Also S formatrice. [a. late L. formatrix, fem. agent-n. f. formdre to form.] Formative faculty. Also vertue formatrix. a 1648 Ld. Herbert Life (1886) 35 Since in my mother’s womb this piastica, or formatrix, which formed my eyes, ears, and other senses, did not intend them for that noisome place. 1650 Bulwer Anthropomet. 82 The natural heat which is the instrument of the vertue formatrix. 1678 Cud- worth Intell. Syst. 1. iii. 180 The soul endued with a plastick power [is] the chief Formatrix of its own body. Formature (f^imatifu). [ad. L. formatiir- am, f. formare to Foem.] The action of forming. 1659 Hammond On Ps. cxxxiii. 3 Annot. 659 That first for- mature of rain. 18.. Churchman LIV. 498 (Cent.) These infant communities were easily susceptible of formature by leading men. tFormay, v. Obs. rare. [f. For- pref 0 ) + - may in Amay, Dismay, etc.] trans. — Dismay. c 1470 Harding Chron. ectx. xi, He went into Burgoyne all formayed. t Fo •rme, a. Obs. Forms: 1 forma, -e, 2-6 forme, 3 Orm. forrme, 3 firme, furme, vorme, 3-5 form, 5 ferme. [OE. forma = OYns. forma, OS. fonno-.— OTeut. *formon-, a superlative (with -in- suffix as in L. primus) from the root of Fore adv. A variant is OE .fruma (early ME. Frume, beginning) = Goth .frinnai] 1 . Earliest in time or serial order, first; also, the first of two, former. Beowulf (Gr.) Frea sceawode fyra fyrnjeweorc forman side, c 888 K. Alfred Boeth. xv, Hu sescelis seo forme eld was pises middangeardes. a 1250 Owl 4- Night. 818 The vox kan. .turne ut from his forme weie. a 1330 Otuel 1572 King karnifees .. slou3 him ate forme dunt. c 1425 Seven Sages [ P.) 373 Yf I speke loude or stille, With the forme word I sal deye. c 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4006 Oure forme fadere and modere. absol. and ellipt. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. x. 2 Se forma ys Simon, a 1175 Cott. Horn. 243 Of the for men seied sanctus paulus. Non est [etc.], r 1205 Lay. 25151 peuorme wes Belin. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. C. 38 Hit am fettled in on forme, pe forme & pe laste. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 11. 447 As iij is nyne, as ij is ten, the forme Thelleuth is with. b. Previous to the present; former, early. a 1300 Cursor M. 22229 (Cott.) In form tide. £71340 Ibid. 8583 (Trin.) pe forme dawes. c. quaskfA The beginning. 13.. Gaw. 4- Gr. Knt. 499 pe forme to pe fynisment foldez ful selden. 2 . Foremost in position, rank, etc. 14.. Rom. Alexander in Roland 4- V. (1836) p. xx, Antio- gus hadde the form gard, Tholomeu the rereward. 1523 Skelton Garl. Laurel 595 And with his forme foot he shoke forth this wrytyng. 3 . quasi- Comb. f in forme-fader (a) (our) first father, Adam; (£) —Forefather ; forme-moder, (our) first mother, Eve; forme-mete, early meat, breakfast; forme-ward, vanguard. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 231 Me .. sceolde. .^iefe him his forme- mete pat him to lang ne puhte to abiden oS se laford to pe none inn come, a 1200 Moral Ode 195 Ure forme fader gult, we abu3ecS alle. 13.. K. Alis. 5733 Of the forme-ward he herd grete cry For hy weren assailed of olifauntz. a 1340 Hampole Psalter cxviii. 21 Oure form-fadirs pat god blamyd. £71394 P. Pl. Crede 808 He . .descended a-doune to pe derke hejle, And fet oute our formfaderes. c 1440 York Myst. xxiii. 81 Oure fforme-ffadyrs full fayne Wold see this solempne sight. £7 1450 Lonelich Grail xxx. 404 The grete wronge That oure form Modir dyde. Forme {Printing)-, see Form sb. 20 . Forme, -ee (fp'ime), a. Her. Also anglicized Formy. [a. F. formi, formde, pa. pple. of former to Form.] Of a cross: Narrow in the centre and broad at the extremities: = Pattee. 1610 Guillim Heraldry n. vii. (1660) 80 Gules, a Cheuvron between ten Crosses, Formee, Argent. 1661 Morgan Sph. Gentry n. 9 Crosse Forme or Patee. 1828-40 Berry Encycl. Her. I, Forme or Formy, the same as pattee. 1864 Boutell Heraldry Hist, 4- Pop. xxi. § 1 (ed. 3) 356 Four crosses formees fitchees. Formeagre: see For- pref I 1 9 . Formed (f^imd), ppl. a. [f. Form v. + -ed h] 1 . In senses of the vb. £1440 Promp. Paiv. 172/1 Foormyd, formatus. 1611 Bible Wisd. x. 1 The first formed father of the world. 1669 Woodhead St. Teresa 1. Pref. 24 Without any formed words, Exterior or Interior. 1692 Ray Dissol. World 11. iii. (1732) 123 Petrified shells now passing under the name of formed stones. 1717 tr. Frezier's Voy . 6’. Sea 119 Form’d Apples, half green, and quite ripe, all together. 1796-7 Instr. <$• Reg. Cavalry (1813) 187 The formed part of the regiments. 1871 Freeman Hist. Ess. Ser. 1. vii. 173 A I tongue which is as.. a formed and polished speech. 2 . esp . +a. Drawn up according to rule; formal, set. b. That has obtained distinct development or formulation; decided, definite, settled, c. Perfected by training or discipline; matured. a. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. iii. § 3 A long, form’d dis¬ course. 1725 tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist. iithC. I. v. 68 In the First he treats of the canonical or form’d Epistles. Ibid. 69 Gerard Rodolphus. .whose Book of Canonical, Form’d, .and Dimissory Letters were printed at Cologne in 1582. b. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. iv. § 12. 23 Besides the which there are some other rather peccant humours, then fourmed diseasses. 1676-7 Marvell Corr. cclxxvii. Wks. 1872-5 II. 506 It tooke not so much place as to come to a formed question. 1681-6 J. Scott Chr. Life (1747) III. 386 Government is essential to formed and regular Societies. 1771 Mackenzie Man of Feeling xl. (1803) 90 Though he had no formed complaint, his health was manifestly on the de¬ cline. 1818 Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. viii. 659 Without any formed intention of mendacity. C. 1833 Regul. Instr. Cavalry 1. 83 A formed horse must be rode on the bit entirely. 1834 J. H. Newman Par. Semi. (1837) I. xv. 276 The spontaneous acts of the formed Chris¬ tian temper. 1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. viii. (1875) 326 An effect not only upon the young and enthusiastic .. but upon formed and important personages. t d. Formed bachelor { = med.L. baccalaitreus formatus ), a bachelor who has performed the whole of his * forma *: see Form sb. 11 c. This was the highest stage in the degree of B.D. in mediaeval universities, the earlier stages being those of cursor or biblicus, and sententiarius. 1727-41 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Bachelor, At present, formed bachelor denotes a person who has taken the degree regularly, after the due course of study., by way of opposition to a currant bachelor who is admitted in the way of grace, or by diploma. 3. Her. = Forme, -ee, Pattee. 1592 Wyrley Armorie iii Ten formed croslets. t Formedon (fp’-imed^n). Law. Also 5 fourme doon, 5-6 form(e)downe, 6-7 formdon(e. [AF., f. Law Lat. phr. forma doni form of gift.] A writ of right formerly used for claiming entailed property (see quot. 1628). [1485, 1523, 1598, 1768: see Descender 1 .] 1495 Act n Hen. VII , c. 60. § 1 The seid Hugh . .[may] pursue for the recovere of the same londes by fourme doon or otherwise. 1523 Fitzherb. Sum. xi. (1539) 17 The Kynges writte of Formdone. 1628 Coke On Litt. fz 6 b, There be three kinde of Writs of Formedon, viz. The first in the Discender to be brought by the issue in taile, which claime by discent Per formam doni. The second is in the Reuerter, which lieth for him in the reuersion or his heiresor Assignes after the state taile be spent. The third is [in] the Remainder, which the Law giueth to him in the remainder, his Heires or Assignes after the determination of the estate taile. \ 6 %o¥\LMERPatriarcha iii. § 17(1884)71 Who brought a formedon against a poor man. 1741 T. Robinson Gavelkind vi. 106 The Writ of Formedon brought by Daughters. 1876 Digby Real Prop. iv. § 3. 193 This was called the writ of ‘ formedon in the descender + Fo’rmel, formal, sb. Obs. Also 4-5 for- maylle, 7 formale, fore-male. [a. F.formel adj. (see Formal), which occurs in faucon formel , and latinized as formelus in a letter of Magnus of Norway to Edw. I, as an epithet applied to hawks. As the female hawk was greatly superior for pur¬ poses of sport, the sense of formel in this applica¬ tion may be ‘ regular ’, ‘ proper ’ (see Formal a.). Cf. F. forme, ‘a term of Hawking, the female of a bird of prey that gives its name to the species ’ (Littrd).] The female of the eagle or the hawk. Also attrib . c 1381 Chaucer Pari. Foules 371 To chese or for to take. By hir acord, his formel or his make. Ibid. 373 Nature held on hir honde A formel egle. la 1400 Morte Arth. 4003, I salle neuer .. ffawkone neformaylle appone fiste handille. a 1605 Montgomerie Misc. Poems xviii. 38 Quhilks vhen they sau they wroght in vane, The formels fair auay they fure. 1616 Surfl. Markh. Country Farme 712 Of Mer¬ lins there are both males and females, .the female is called the formale. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. n. (1677) 215 If you will fly with a Merlin at a Partridge, chuse the Formal, which is the Female. The Jack is not worth the training. 1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. 239/1 Fore-Male, the term given to all Females of Hawks. FormeT, V. dial. [a. ON .formula to appoint, f. for-, For- pref 1 , Fore- + meal a to speak. The pa. t. and pa. ppl q. formelt in Cursor Mundi may belong to *formeld, f. For- pref' 2 + Meld.] trans. fa. To mention beforehand; also intr. to speak beforehand of b. dial. To bespeak. £11300 Cursor M. 10181 pe toper part, als was for-melt, It was bi-tuix pe prestes delt. Ibid. 10387 (Gott.) pe hundrid schepe pat i for-melt To all he comune war pai delt. 1674 Ray N. C. Words 18 To Format [sic ; read Formal] or Formel: to bespeak anything. 1869 in Lonsdale Gloss. FORMELL. 465 FORMICANT. 1878 Cumbld. Gloss, s.v., ‘ He formelt a par o’ shun wi* stee cokers and girt heedit nails at t’ boddam + Formell. Obs. [ad. Anglo- Lat. formella (sub¬ stituted, perh. by mistake, for Fotmal in one ver¬ sion of the Assisa de Fonderibus), a dim. of forma Form, in the sense of • mould ’; cf. formclla a cheese (Du Cange).] = Fotmal. 1674 Jeake Arith. (1696) 80 Lead .. By the Ordinance abovesaid, 1 Load 30 FormeUs .. So was the Formel 70 Pounds, a Weight now grown obsolete. t Formelt, v. Obs. [f. For- prefy + Melt v. (str. and weak).] inlr. (strong) and Irons, (weak). To melt, melt away. *-893 K. TElfrkd Oros. v. iv, Ealle J>a sdpu formulton. c 1200 Trill. Coll. Horn. 151 pe sunne hete pe snow, pat he hit for-melted to watere. <1230 Hall Meid. 13 pat ha ne nierren ne formealten purh licomliche lustes a iz\o Sawles Warde in Colt. Horn. 251 pat pich ham forwalleo aSet ha been for mealte. Hence Forme lting///. a. m 1606 Chapman Gentl. Usherw , I vow.. By the. .imaginarie ioyes Ofvntride nuptialls ; by loues vshering lire Fore-melt¬ ing beautie and loues flame itselfe. Formene (ff-imw). [f. Form(ic) + -ene.] Methane or marsh-gas (CII 4 ). Hence Forme •- nophone [Gr. .l 2). 1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 42 Iak Uplond. .thour3 form- yng of his formere thus freyneth a frere. Ibid. 43 Jak, thi formur is a foie, that thus thee hath yfourmed, to make so lewid an argument. 3 . Applied to various instruments or tools used in forming articles (see quots.). 1847 Halliwell, Former, .also an instrument for holding different pieces of a table together. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech.,Former, a templet, pattern, or gage by which an article is shaped, as pottery or an object in the lathe. A cutter by which patterns, blanks, wads or pieces are cut from sheets for various purposes. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch <$• Clockm. 129 For polishing, formers of brass to begin.. For soft stones the formers are of lead. 1888 Lockwood's Diet. Mech. Eng in.. Former or Copy , the templet used for the cutting of wheel teeth, and other works in copying machines. b. Gunnery , etc. (See quot. 1867.) 1644 Manwayring Sea-mans Diet., A F'ormer is a peece of wood, turned round, somewhat lesse then the bore of the Peece for which it is made .. The use whereof, is to make upon it Paper Carthrages or Linnen Carthrages. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. 86 Dip an Inch of the Case in Water, the Formor in him. 1794 Nelson 9 July in Nicolas Disp. (1845) I. 430 The Victory has a Former for twenty-six pounders. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk ., Former , a small cylindrical piece of wood on which musket or pistol cartridge-cases are rolled and formed. The name is also applied to the flat piece of wood with a hole in the centre used for making wads, but which is properly form. 1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts Ser. 1. 124 To roll up the cases [of rockets] you must have a smooth round ruler, or, as it is called, a former. c. (See quot.) 1802 C. James Milit. Diet., Formers were likewise used among officers and soldiers to reduce their clubs [Club sb. 6] to a uniform shape, before the general introduction of tails. t Fo rmer, sbA Obs. Also 6 formour. [ad. OF. formoir chisel, f. form-er to Form ; subse¬ quently altered into fermoir : see Firmer.] A kind of chisel or gouge, used by carpenters and masons (see quot. 1688; the description may have been influenced by false etymology). 1530 Palsgr. 222/1 Formour or grublyng yron. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. 83 The mason [hath] his former, and his plaine. 1688 R. Holme Armoury in. viii. § 135 The second is termed a Former, it is a Chissel used before the Paring Chissel in all works. Ibid. ix. § 142 The denser, or Former, is a broad ended Iron Plate, or Old [?Cold] Chessel, with a broad bottom, set in an Handle; with which Tool they smooth and make even the Stone after it is cut into that form and Order, as the Work-man will have it. 1727-51 Cham¬ bers Cycl. s.v. Chissel, The chissels used in carpentry and joinery are, 1. The former, which is used first of all before the paring-chissel, and just after the work is scribed. Former (fjrimoi), a. Also 2-4 formere, 6 formar(e, (Sc. formair), 7 formore. [First re- Vol. IV. corded in the 12th century; a comparative formed on the analogy of formest , Foremost. In 16-1 7th c. the ending was sometimes assimilated to More. 1 . Earlier in time. Now chiefly in the more specific sense : Pertaining to the past, or to a period or occasion anterior to that in question. The sense * the earlier of two ’ (in strictly temporal appli¬ cation) is obs. or arch. exc. with reference to the halves of a period of time. rn6o Hatton Gosp. Matt. xxi. 36 Da sende he eft o 3 re J>eovvas selre }>anne ]>a formere \earlier text kaanran] wajron. c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. HI. 363 pe pope may. .revoke his former errour. 1545 Joye Exp. Dan. viii. 126 As the later waues thruste forthe the former sourges. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 104 In my former letters. 1611 Bible Hos. vi. 3 He shall come vnto vs .. as the latter and former raine. 1632 J. Lee Short Sun>. 73 Having, .the next yeare gathered together a farre greater army then the former. 1642 Perkins Prof. Bk. vii. § 479. 210 The testament .. shall stand, notwithstanding that it hath the former date and was written before the other testament. 1676 Dryden Aurengz. iv. i. 1589 Trust on, and think to Morrow will repay : To Morrow's falser than the former Day. 1699 Dampier Voy. \ I. 1. 177 The former part of the night we had much Rain. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 94 p 8 With many melancholy Reflexions upon his former and his pre¬ sent State of Life. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxvi, Eva appeared more like her former self than ever she had done since her sickness. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 176 The admission of that, he replied, would belie our former admissions. f b. followed by than. Obs. rare. 1382 Wyclif John i. 30 He was the formere than I. 1611 Speed Theat. Gt. Brit. (1614) 138/1 All which shew a former interest for Ireland then that which by conquest under Henry the second was made. + c. In ME. it sometimes took the place of the earlier Forme, first, primeval, as in former father, days; with similar sense the former age (Chaucer\ a 1300 Cursor M. 5464 (Gdtt.) Jacob, .to his former fadris ferd. Ibid. 9156 (Gott.) He was \>e first .. pat ded men raysed in former dais [Cott. in form dais], c 1374 Chaucer Former Age 2 A Blysful lyf .. Ledden the peoples in the former age. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) Prol. 2 The Synne of oure formere Fader Adam. 1529 Sir T. More Dyaloge 126 a/2 From oure formar father Adam to y e laste day. d. Formerly possessed, occupied, frequented, etc. 1388 Wyclif Judg. xvi. 28 3 elde thou now to me the for¬ mere strengthe, that Y venge me of myn enemyes. 1607 Shaks. Cor. v. iii. 202 Out of that lie worke My selfe a former Fortune. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, in. 153 In 1 Peace t’ enjoy his former Palms and Pains. Ibid. iv. 790 This finish’d, to the former Woods repair. 2 . With reference to order. The former (often absol., with ellipsis of sb.) : a. The first of two. t Also, the (immediately) preceding; and occas. in connexion with a cardinal numeral =Fikst a. 2 e. 1588 A. King tr. Canisius' Catech. H iij, In y }ere besydes y® 52 owkes yair is ane day ode, quhilk makis y u dominical lettre to be changeit euerie 3ere in the formair. 1609 Bible (Douay) 2 Kings Comm., In the seventene former chapters, are recorded [etc.]. .The other eight chapters conteineother thinges donne in Juda. a 1703 Burkitt On N. T. Mark iii. 4 The former part of this chapter reports to us a miraculous cure. 1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) I. 348 Of dis¬ syllables, formed by affixing a termination, the former syllable is commonly accented. b. The first mentioned of two; opposed to latter. A use app. of late introduction, but now so prominent that the other uses have become restricted to contexts in which the word could not be misinterpreted in this sense. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. iv. § 3 Of the former kinde are all manner vertuous duties. 1606 Shaks. Ant. <$• Cl. iii. xiii. 80 Wisedome and Fortune combatting together, If that the former dare but what it can, No chance may shake it. 1674 tr. Scheffer's Lapland 84 Two doors, one, a foredoor, and the other, a backward ; the former bigger and more ordinarily used, the latter less. 1717 Pope Wks. Pref., A bad Author deserves better usage than a bad Critic ; a man may be the former merely thro’ the misfortune of an ill judgment, but [etc.].. 1789 Bentham Princ. Legist xvii. § 6 The latter mode is not less certain than the former. 1841 Lane Arab. Nts. I. 76 Therefore, in this work, I call the former ‘ a piece of gold ’, and the latter ‘ a piece of silver ’. 1886 A. Winchell Walks Talks Geol. F'ield 180 The former locality, .has for many years been a favourite collecting-ground of geologists. + c. Spoken of before, aforesaid. Obs. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts ( 1658) 14 She presently threw herself from the former rock, and so she ended. + 3 . Situated more forward ; front, fore. Obs. 1382 Wyclif 2 Macc. iii. 25 He with fersnesse. .rushidethe former feet to Heliodore. a 1400 Octouian 1040 Two bole- axys.. In hys former arsun were y-honge. 1544 Phaer Reg bn. Life (1560) S vb, Apply it to the former part of y° heade. 1558 Will of R. F'etlawe\ Somerset Ho.), Rynge that I weare upon my former fynger. 1593 Sites of Durham (Surtees) 17 In the former part of the Quire. 1601 Shaks. Jul. C. v. i. 80 Comming from Sardis, on our former Ensigne Two mighty Eagles fell, and there they peareh’d. 1668 Culpep¬ per & Cole Bart hot. Anat. 1. iv. 7 In the former part of a Mans Neck. 1678 tr. Gaya's Art of War 11. 66 To fire in . gaining of ground, the Battalion is commanded to advance as fast as the former Ranks discharge. 4 . In the absol. or elliptical use, sometimes in¬ flected as a sb. + a. With plural suffix (obs. rare). b. With genitive suffix. a. 1548 W. Patten Exped. Scot. Pref. A iij a, We mfust be content in commune speche to vse the termes of our formers deuised. 1606 Warner Alb. Eng. xv. xciii. 374 Pictish Britons did Brittish Reuolts inuaid, Because those Lattres (basely thought those Formers) Rome obaid. b. 1613 T. Jackson Comm. Apost. Creede 1. 380 The manner, .of the formers dissolution. 1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) I. 102 The former’s phlegm was a check upon the latter’s vivacity. Pormeret (f^Jmeret). Arch. [a. F.formeret ; according to Hatzf.-Darm. f. forme Foitll sb.] 1872 Gloss. Eccl. Terms (Shipley), For mare t, rib moulding placed at the junction of a vault with the vertical wall. Formerly (fpumsjli), aJv. [f. Former a. + -LY*.] + 1 . Before another or something else; first, be- forehand. Obs. 1596 Spenser F. Q. vi. i. 38 Calidore .. Nimbler handed Preuested him before his stroke could light And on the helmet smote him formerlye. c 1645 Howell Lett. (1655) IV. xi. 29 If I had not formerly read the Barons Wars in England, I had more admir’d that of the Liguers in France. 2 . In former days, at some past time. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 181 Requiring for the visiting no more then formerly they were accustomed to pay at their first comming. 1607 Shaks. Cor. iv. i. 53 You shall Heare from me still, and neuer of me ought But what is like me formerly. 1674 Martikiere Voy. N. Countries 58 After supper we went to our lodging, which as formerly was upon Bear-skin spread upon the floor. 1709 Steele & Addison Tatler No. 114 p 1, I had formerly conversed with him at this House. 1856 Sir B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. I. i. 5 We were sensible that we were not what we had been formerly. 1857 Buckle Civiliz. I. xi. 626 The superstitious reverence with which kings were formerly regarded is extinct. + 3 . A little time before, just now. Obs. 1590 Spenser F. Q. ii. xii. 67 Her faire locks, which for¬ merly were bownd Up in one knott, she low adowne did lose. 1596 Shaks. Merch. V. iv. i. 362. 1665 Manley Grotius ’ Low C. Warres 681 They who had formerly gone out of the Battel, to be refreshed and comforted, came in again. 1697 Potter Antiq. Greece iv. iv. (1715) 194 As has been formerly observed. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. xxxii, Those .. whom I formerly rebuked with such sharpness. tFo ‘rmerness. Obs. [f. Former a.+ -ness.] The quality of being former; anteriority. 1587 Golding De Mornay vii. 98 Where order is, there is a formernesse and an afternesse. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk <$• Selv. 14 To shut out formerness and afterness. + Fo rmerward. Obs. rare ~ A . [f. Former a. + Ward : cf. Foreward 2 .] The vanguard. 13.. K.Alis. 7786 Antioche hadde the former-warde, And Tolome the reirwarde. [Cf. quot. 14.. in Forme a. 2.] Formest: see Foremost. Formet, obs. form of Foumart. Formful (fpumful), a. [f. Form sb. + -ful.] Full of form or forms: a. Apt to create forms (of the imagination), b. Shapely. 1727-46 Thomson Summer 1632 As fleets the vision o’er the formful brain. 1798 Bloomfield Farmer's Boy, Winter 289 Fancy’s formful Visions. 1832 Blackw. Mag. XXXI. 999 He is familiar with Chantrey’s form-full statues. Formiate : see Formate. Formic (f^jmik), a. [for *formicic , f. L. formic-a ant + -ic. Cf. F. formiquej] 1 . Chem. Formic acid : a colourless irritant vola¬ tile acid contained in a fluid emitted by ants. Formic ethers , ethers obtained by substituting alcoholic radicals for the basic hydrogen of formic acid. 1791 Hamilton Berthollet's Dyeing II. 11. 11. i. 52 Formic acid acts on indigo like the ^nuriatic. 1807 T. Thomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 313 Of formic acid. 1871 Tyndall Fragvi. Sc. (1879) I. xvii. 449 For barely visible redness formic aether is more opaque than sulphuric. 1884 Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 68 By distilling the nettle plant with sul¬ phuric acid formic acid is obtained. 2 . Occas. in gen. sense : Of or pertaining to ants. 1816 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1843) II. 88 A nest of ants.. enjoying the full sun, which seems the acme of formic felicity. 1857 Chamb. Jrnl. VII. 300 Republicanism is made to find its antitype in the formic community. II Formica (ffumai'ka). [L .formica ant.] 1 . Ent. The typical genus of the family Formi- cidx ; the ant. 1865 Livingstone Zambesi ix. 190 We could not [sleep] because of the attacks by the fighting battalions of a small species of formica. 1878 Bell Gegenbaur s Comp. Anat. 272 Many Hymenoptera, Formica, Cynips, also possess it. 2 . A kind of abscess, ulcer, or excrescence, oc¬ curring esp. in a hawk’s bill or a dog’s ears. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 213 Pustule |?at come]? of humours corrupt as ignis persicus & miliaris & fformica schall be purged. 1543 Traheron tr. Vigo's Chiring. 11. vi. 20 b, Formica is a lytle pustle, or many pustles that come upon the skynne ..The thyrde [sygne] is pryckynge, and it is a sodayn bytyng as it were of an ante wherof it hath hys name. 1614 Markham Cheap Husb. (1623) 161 The For¬ micas in Hawkes is a hard home growing vpon the beake of a Hawke. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. 11. (1677) 248 Of the Formica. This is a Distemper which commonly seizeth on the Horn of Hawks Beaks, which will eat the Beak away. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 225 Formica or Scab in the Ears [of a dog]. Formican (fyjmarkan), a. rare. [f. prec. + -an.] Of or pertaining to ants. 1880 Daily Tel. 16 Nov., If the Queen-ant is removed from a nest, the formican politicians settle down soon into a steady-going Republic. 1884 G. Allen in Longm. Mag. V. 42 These singular results of formican selection. Formicant (f^Mmikant), a. [ad. L . formicant- em, pr. pple. of formiedre to crawl like ants (said of the pulse or skin), f. fortnica ant.] Crawling like an ant; in Path, of the pulse (see quot. 1893). 1707 Floyer Physic. Pulse-Watch 51 A formicant Pulse is like the motion of an Ant, who moves her feet oft without going much forward. 1842 Dunglison Did. Med. (ed. 3), Formicant, an epithet given to the pulse when extremely small, scarcely perceptible, unequal, and communicating a sensation like that of the motion of an ant through a thin texture. 59 FORMICARIAN 466 FORMULA Formica'rian, a. [f. L. *formicdri-us (see Formicaky) + -an.] Relatingto or resembling ants. 1607 Topsell Four-J. Beasts { 1658) 29 It is called a Formi- carian Bear ; for .. whereas that Countrey is .. annoyed with..Ants, that beast doth .. prey and feed upon them. — Serpents (1658) 769 This formicarian or Pismire-like Phalanx. Formicarioid (fp.tmikeo'ri|oid), a. [f. asprec. + -OlD.] Of or belonging to the Formicarioidex or ant-thrushes. Also sb., a member of this family. 1874 A. R. Wallace in Ibis Ser. in. IV. 4:3 Formicaroid [s/r] Passeres. Formicarium (f]?imike B- ri#m). [a. med.L.: see Formicary.] = Formicary. 1834 Medwin Angler in Wales 1 .161 For I found that our bungalow .. was a ‘formicaria' [sic]. 1863 Bates Nat. Amazon I. 32 A Formicarium or ant-colony. 1892 Edits. Rev. July 46 The formicarium or burrow of the ants. Formicary (fpvmikari). [ad. med.L. formt- cari-um , neut. sing, of *formicarius pertaining to ants, f. L .formica ant.] An ants’ nest, ant-hill. 1816 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1843) II. 47 They are con¬ ducted into the interior of the Formicary. 1880 Lubbock in Jrnl. Linn. Soc. XV. No. 83. 176 The queen was alone within an artificial glass formicary. Formicate (fjpJmikA), a. rare — °. [f. L. formica ant + -ate.] Resembling an ant. 1840 in Smart. Formicate (fpumik£it), v. [f. ppl. stem of \-,.formicdre : see Formicant.] intr. To crawl like ants ; transf. to swarm with moving beings. Hence Fo'rmicating ppl. a. — Formicant. 1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. Comfit. VI. 180 A languid, unequal, or formicating Pulse. 1854 Lowell Jrnl. Italy Prose Wks. 1890 I. 165 An open space, which formicated with peasantry. Formication (fpimike i, j 3 n). Path. [ad. L. formication-em, n. of action f. forrntcare (see Formicant).] An abnormal sensation as of ants creeping over the skin. 1707 Floyer Physic. PulseAVatch 313 Pains in the Limbs, Formications, Lassitudes. 1844 Hecker Epid . Middle Ages 279 Many patients experienced, .a disagreeable creeping sensation or formication on their hands and feet. 1861 Wvnter Soc. Bees 457 Figs produced formication of the palate and fauces. Formicative (fjrimik^tiv), a. \i.~L. formTcdt- ppl. stem of formiedre (see prec.) + -ive.] Of, or of the nature of, formication. 1834 Good Study Med. (ed. 4) III. 356 To remove the .. pricking or formicative pain from the limbs. t Formice. Obs. rare . [ad. L. formica ant. Cf. OF. for miz, for mis.] The ant. 1484 Caxton Fables of HZsop 11. xvii, A fable Of the ante or formyce and of the flye. 1491 — Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. xxxviii. 52 a/2 Salamon the whyche sente the slowth- full to the formices or Auntes. Formicic (fyimrsik), a. = Formic. [1874 Key Lang-. 137 In our language a chemist speaks of formic acid rather than formicic. ] In some mod. Diets. Formicid (fffumisid), sb. and a . Also formi- cide. [ad. mod.L. Formicid-x : see -id.] A. sb. A member of the family Formicidx or ants. B. adj . Of or belonging to this family. 1878 Pop. Set. Monthly XII. 197 The Formicide family. Formicine, a- rare. [ad. L. formicinus, f. for¬ mica ant: see -ine.] Of, or of the nature of, ants. 1885 H. O. Forbes E. Archip. 31 Every trading vessel in the tropics has its formicine fauna. Fo:rmidabi*lity. [f. Formidable a. : see -bility, -ity.] The quality of being formidable. 1745 H. Walpole Lett. H. Mann (1834) II. cxliii. 91 A Mackintosh has been taken, who reduces their formid- ability by being sent to raise two clans. 1754 H. P. Hiberniad iii. 24 There would be an Air of Formidability in. .his. .Assertions, i860 in Worcester (citing Q. Rev.). Formidable (f^'imidab’l), a. [a. F. formid¬ able ( 15 th c.), ad. L. formTddbil-em , f. formiddre to tear, dread: see -able.] That gives cause for fear or alarm; fit to inspire dread or appre¬ hension. Now usually (with some obscuration of the etymological sense) : Likely to be difficult to overcome, resist, or deal with ; giving cause for serious apprehension of defeat or failure. 1508 Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. xxxviii. eevb, The counten- aunce of god shall be so formydable and fereful that [etc.]. 1548 Hall Citron., Hen. VII, 5 Of whiche name .. foreyne prynces trymbled and quaked, so muche was that name to all nacions terrible and formidable. 1658 T. Wall Gods Revenge Enemies Ch. 30 The Leopard, .being., of a formid¬ able aspect. 1678 Wanley IVond. Lit. IVorld v. i. § 97. 468/1 Charles.. defeated Barbarossa, that formidable Pirat. a 1687 Petty Pol. Arith. (1690) 80 The decay of Timber in England is no very formidable thing. 1759 Robertson Hist. Scot. I. iii. 178 A party formidable by their number. 1834 L. Ritchie Wand. by Seine 74 Swords of formidable dimensions. 1844 Thirlwall Greece VIII. lx. 7 He set sail with a formidable armament. i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xiv. 97 Along the edge of a formidable precipice of rock. b. Const, to. 1665 Boyle Occas. Refl. n. viii. (1808) 38These commotions of the Appetite which would not else be formidable to me. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 495 The Episcopal schisma¬ tics, thus reinforced, would probably have been as formid¬ able to the new King, .as [etc.]. c. Often applied playfully or sarcastically. 1697 Dryden VEneid Ded., Unless I wou’d swell my Preface into a Volume, and make it formidable to your Lordship, when you see so many Pages yet behind. 1777 Sheridan Sch. Scand. iv. i, Here, now, is a maiden sister of his .. done by Kneller, in his best manner, and esteemed a very formidable likeness. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 275 His majesty has .. a corps de musique of most formidable establishment equally in point of execution as of numbers. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. vn. 23/2 The Thames . .is not a very formidable river at that point. Formidableness (f^imidab’lnes). [f. prec. + -ness.] The quality of being formidable. 1659 Gentl. Calling viii. § 17. 447 That by which we use to discriminate base fear from just caution, is the formidable- ness of the object feared. 1709 J. Johnson Clergm. Vade-in. 11. p. Ixxviij, A talk of the formidableness of Church- power. 1832 Examiner 260/1 Our author straightway for¬ gets the formidableness of our antagonist. 1891 H. S. Constable Horses , Sport War 218 The formidableness of Russia comes, also, from her increasing population. Formidably (fjrimidabli), adv. [f. as prec. + -ly -.] In a formidable manner. 1685 Dryden Thren. August. 512 The British cannon formidably roars. 1715-20 Pope Iliad xi. 54 His fourfold helm..With nodding horse-hair formidably graced. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 237 She was so formidably manned that all attempts to board her failed. 1858 Froude Hist. Eng. III. xiv. 254 England lay formidably open to attack. t Fo rmidolo*se, a. Obs.-° [ad. L. for- mldolos-us : see next and -ose.] (See quot.) Hence rormidolo*sity. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Formidolose, fearful; also to be feared, dreadful. [Hence in mod. Diets.] Ibid., Formido- losity, fearfulness, very great dread. t Formi’dolous, a. Obs. [ad. L .formidolos-us (better - dulosus ) causing or feeling dread, i.formido dread.] Fearful, terrible; also, feeling fear, timorous. 1656 Blount Glossogr., Formidolous , fearful, that feareth, dreadful, dangerous. 1773 J. Ross Fratricide 11. 618 (MS.) Why this so sudden, this formidolous change ? Forming (f^jjmiq), vbt. sb. [f. Form v. 1 + -ING 1 .] The action of the vb. Form; the fact or process of being formed. 1401 [see Former sb, 1 2]. c 1440 Hylton Scala Perf.CN. de W. 1494) 11. iv, Syth that man in hys fyrste fourmynge of God was sette in his free wyll. 1530 Palsgr. Introd. 17 At theyr fyrst formyng [they] open theyr mowth. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. 11. xxviii. 165 The forming of mens wils to the observation of the Law. a 1856 H. Miller Notes on Fossils in Footpr. Creat. (1861) 326 Our knowledge is but in the forming, and still very incomplete. Forming (f^amiq), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ING -.] a. That forms; formative, creative, b. That is in process of being formed. a. 1644 Digby Nat. Bodies (1645) 1. 289 A forming virtue or Vis formatrix. 1701 Rowe Amb. Step. Moth. 1. i, The thought that labours in my forming Brain. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 167 p 3 What august Palaces, .have grown under my forming Imagination. 1739 G. Ogle Gualth. < 5 r Gris. 37 She still improv'd beneath their forming hands. b. 1805 Rec. Greenhead United Presbyt. Ch. Glasgo7o, To be taken under their consideration as a forming congre¬ gation. 1875 Whitney Life Lang. v. 96 The construction was in a forming and doubtful state. + Formi'rken, v. Obs. In 5 formerken. [f. For- pref.^- + Mirken v.] intr. To darken. C1430 Chev. Assigne 362 Alle his feyre federes fomede vpon blode, And alle formerknes J>e watur, her \>q swanne swymmethe. t Fo’rmity. Obs. [formed after Informity.] The quality of possessing form or shape. 1623 Cockeram 11. Av, Beauty, Pulchritude, Formity. 1635 Swan Spec. M. vi. § 2 (1643) ^4 The informity was expressed before, when Moses said that the Earth was void and invisible..but the formitie is then .. declared when the waters are gathered, and the dry-land made apparent. Formity, obs. form of Furmity. + Formize, v. Obs .— 1 [f. Form sb. + -ize.] trails. To put into definite form. 1649 J. E. tr. Behtnen's Ep. vi. 65 All Beings are hut one onely Being, which hath .. severized and formized it selfe. Formless (f^umles), a . [f. Form sb. + -less.] Devoid of, or wanting in, form ; shapeless ; having no determinate or regular form. Said both of material and immaterial things. 1591 Spenser Tears Muses 502 Things she formed of a formelesse mas. 1595 Shaks. John hi. i. 253. a 1631 Donne Poems, Elegie xv. Julia 25 Countlesse multitudes Of form- lesse curses, projects unmade up. 1667 Milton P. L. iii. 12 The rising world of waters. .Won from the void and formless infinite. 1680 G. Hickes Spirit of Popery 27 That unpre¬ scribed Formless way of Worship, which they now use. 1819 Shelley Cetici hi. i, Like a ghost shrouded and folded up In its own formless horror. 1869 Tyndall Cheni. Rays in Eortn. Rev. 1 Feb. 244 This formless aggregate of infinite¬ simal particles. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. I. 1. 169 Brown birds. .Twittered their sweet and formless tune. Hence Po rmlessly adv.; Fo rmlessness. 1727 Bailey vol. II , Fortnlesness. 1825 Coleridge A ids Refl. App. C. (1858) 394 We leave space dimensionless .. and therefore the representative of absolute weakness and formlessness. 1845 Carlyle Crovnvell (1873) I. i. 9 They had form, but they are changing into sheer formlessness. 1884 Seeley in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 500 Goethe [was] .. impatient of the formlessness which had begun to reign in literature. 1888 Howeli.s Annie Kilbm'n vi, His long coat hung formlessly from his shoulders. + Fo - rmly, a. Obs. rare — ' 1 , [f. Form sb. + -LY 1.] Having (proper) form, shapely. 1548 Vjcary Eng. Treas. (1626) 12 Through him every member is made the formelier, and taketh the better shape. + Fo*rmly, adv. Obs . Forms: 4forma-, for- melich(e,-ly, 5 fourmely. [f. Form sb. + - liche , -ly 2 .] In proper form ; also, with regard to the * form ’ or essential nature ; = Formally. c 1374 Chaucer Boelh. v. pr. iv. 128 (Camb. MS.) It bi- holdeth alle thingis so as I shal seye hi a strok of thogth formely [L. formaliter ] with-owte discours or collation. — Troylus iv. 469 (497) O where hastow hen hid so longe in muvve That canst so wel and formely [v.r. formaly] arguwe? 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xv. 366 For is none of |>is newe clerkes. .pat can versifye faire ne formalich [C. xvm. 109 formeliche] enditen. 1470 Fortescue in Gov. England (1885) 350 How the lawe may he fourmely kepte. Formo- (fp'smo). Chem. Combining form of Formic, as in Fo:rmobenzo ic (acid), an obs. name for Mandelic acid; hence Formoben- zoate, a salt of this acid. 1834 Mrs. Somerville Coimed. Phys. Sc. xxiv. (1849) 229 Formobenzoate of silver. 1873 Fownes ’ Chem. (ed. 11) 823 Formobenzoic or Mandelic Acid CsHgOa. t Formose, formous, a. Obs. Also 6 Sc. formois. [ad. 1.. formos-iis beautiful, f. forma Form : see -ose.] Beautiful, comely. 14.. Nine Ladies IVorthie 27 in Chaucers IVks. (1561) 342 Of all femine moste formous flour, c 1450 Mirour Salua- cioun 4003 Moises faire and formouse. 1530 Lyndesay Test. Papyugo 104 Amang the flowris fresche, fragrant, & formose. 1567 Satir. Poems Reform . iii. 59 Of face for¬ mois and vult heroycall. a 1658 Cleveland Vit. Uxoris iii. Wks. (1687) 267 If he chuse one most Formose, Ripe for’t, shee’ll prove libidinous. 1684 1 . Mather Remark. Provid. (1856) 175 The nymphs .. were daemons, presenting them¬ selves in shapes very formose. Formosity (f^-im^siii). Obs. exc. arch. [a. OF. formositt , ad. L. formositdt-em, f. formosus : see prec. and -ity.] Beauty ; also, a beauty. 1489-99 Inscription in Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 409 Thys chapill floryschyd with formosyte spectabyll. a 1521 Helyas in Thoms Prose Rom. (1858) III. 27 The beauteand formosite of hir noble persone. 1647 Baron Cyprian Acad. 8 A Damsell of exquisite formosity. 1652 F. Kirk- man Clerio 4 Lozia 122 It is idolatrous for him to bend before so many graces and formosities. 1893 T. F. Hen¬ derson Old IVorld Scot. xv. 172 Squalor and dirt were thoroughly antagonistic to adornment and ‘ formosity ’. t Form-speckle. Obs. rare -1 . [? Perversion of Fernticleoi- the synonymous dialectal fan freckle.] A freckle. 1702 Lond. Gaz. No. 3815/8 John Hewitt, a Bricklayer .. straight Hair, and Form-Speckles on his hands and Face. Formula (fpumwla). PL formulae,-as. [a.L. formula , dim. of forma Form sb. Cf. F.formule .] 1 . A set form of words in which something is de¬ fined, stated, or declared, or which is prescribed by authority or custom to be used on some cere¬ monial occasion. [1581 E. Campion in Confer, iv. (1584) Eeijb, The For¬ mula of the second covenant, is Christ. Charke. You vnderstand not .. what Formula is.] « 1638 Mede Wks. (1672) 1. xxii. 83 What is the meaning of this Formula [of the Jews—‘ Let his memory he blessed ’]? 1685 Lond. Gaz. No. 2031/2 The Lord Register reading the Formula, the Lyon King at Arms. .Fenced the High Court of Parliament. 1723 Act 9 Geo. /, c. 24 § 8 All Papists, .shall, .make and subscribe the Declaration called the Formula, as the same is recited in an Act of Parliament of Scotland [of 1700]. 1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 51 Before inclos¬ ing of the Assize, the Clerk, by Order of the Court, leaves a Formula with them for their Direction. 1792 Burke Let. to Sir H. Langrislte Wks. 1842 I. 555 You have sent me several papers.. I think I had seen all of them, except the formula of association. 1798 Edgeworth Prad. Educ. (1811) II. 23 The grammatical formulae may then by gentle degrees be committed to memory. 1844 H. H. Wilson Brit. India III. 318 Forcing the Brahmins .. to repeat the Mohammedan formula of faith. 1892 Speaker 3 Sept. 293/2 The excellent scholastic formula Transeat, meaning either ‘ Not proven’,or ‘ Nothing to the purpose'. b. In recent use, after Carlyle, often applied more or less disparagingly, e.g. to rules unintelli- gently or slavishly followed, to fettering conven¬ tionalities of usage, to beliefs held or professed out of mere acquiescence in tradition, etc. Carlyle’s use of the word was clearly suggested by the words used of Mirabeau by his father, ‘ 11 a hume toutes les formules'. This really meant that M. had unreflectingly 1 swallowed ’ the watchwords, or cant phrases of his re¬ volutionary friends; hut Carlyle mistranslated humI by ‘ swallowed up, made away with and frequently alludes to the passage as thus misinterpreted. Carlyle's use of formula, however, though suggested by a mistake, is in itself a very natural development from the ordinary sense. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. III. 11. i. (1872) 58 Man lives not except with formulas ; with customs, ways of doing and living. 1861 Kingsley Lett. (1878) II. 132 Men who try to speak what they believe, are naked men fighting men quilted sevenfold in formulae. 1871 Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue § 649 The man of formulas often directs, and some¬ times practically determines the action of his superior. 1874 H. R. Reynolds John Bapt. iv. iv. 252 They bound the religious life of their disciples with ever stiffening formula; which left no room for the free play of the conscience. 2 . A prescription or detailed statement of ingre¬ dients ; a recipe. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Formula, .a. Physician’s Pre¬ scription or Bill appointing Medicines to be prepared by an Apothecary. 1792 W. Yonge in Beddoes Calculus (1793) 34, I am very glad to hear of your intention to publish your formula. 1801 Med. Jrnl. V. 546 My formula has been, the tincture joined with the dec. lin. so as to administer from fifteen to twenty or thirty drops to children, .twice or thrice within the twenty-four hours. 1830 M. Donovan Dom. Econ. I. 293 White Currant Wine May be made according to the same formula. FORMULAIC. 467 FORNEAN. 3 . a. Math. A rule or principle expressed in algebraic symbols. 1796 Kirwan Elent. Min. fed. 2) I. Pref. 6 An algebraic formula. 1836 Emerson Nature , Idealism Wks. (Bohn) II. 163 In physics, .the memory, .carries centuries of obser¬ vation in a single formula. 1850 Daubeny A tomic Theory v. (ed. 2) 156 A general formula for calculating the specific heat of each class of compounds. 1864 Bowen Logic i. 25 The algebraist easily recalls to mind a few brief formulas. b. Chern . An expression of the constituents of a compound by means of symbols and figures. 1846 G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Client. II. 480 If. .the formula; for the morbid deposits are calculated in relation to Ci8, their connexion with the formula for protein will be more obvious to the eye. 1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chern. (ed. 3) 266 So that MR is the general formula for a mono¬ basic salt. 1881 Williamson fn Nature No. 618. 414 Thus chloro-carbonic acid was represented as a compound of car¬ bonic acid with carbonic chloride, and..the formula was made to contain the formulae of those bodies. c. In general scientific use, a group of symbols and figures containing a condensed tabulation of certain facts. Dental formula see Dental. ITence sometimes used for the set of facts that might be expressed by a formula. 1855 Bain Senses <5- Int. 11. iv. § 9 Each species of animal has its particular formula of ordering the legs in walking. Formulaic (fpimi^l^ik), a . [f. prec. + -ic.] Of the nature of a formula. Formulaic equation , an identical equation. 1882 Cassell, Formulaic equations. 1892 Agnes M. Clerkf. Fam. Stud. Homer i. 28 Formulaic and other expressions common to both. Formular (fpimi/7la.i), a. and sb. [ad. L. type *formuldr-is, f. Formula. As sb., a. F. for mu- lair e. See -ar 1, 2.] A. adj. 1 . Formal, correct or regular in form. 1773 Johnson in Boswell 29 Apr., A speech on the stage, let it flatter ever so extravagantly, is formular. It has always been formular to flatter Kings and Queens. 2 . Pertaining to formulae ; formulary. 1880 Muirhead Gains hi. § 180 note, Under the formular system in use in the classical period. B. sb. A prescribed or set form, formulary; hence, a model, type. ? Obs. 1563 Abp. Parker Corresp. (1853) 183, I had of mine own head moved my lord of London to bethink himself of some for¬ mular of common prayer. 1578 Sir H. Sydney in Lett. <$• Mem. State (1746) I. 246 He ys a rare Ornament to thys Age, the very Formular, that all well dysposed young Gentylmen of ouer Court, do form allsoe thear Maners and Lyfe by. 1603 Florio Montaigne in. ix. (1632) 564 Before I had ever seene any, I would have beene glad to have had but a paterne or formular of one. a 1734 North Exam. in. vi. §20(1740)437 The Liturgy must be deprived of all the primitive Formulars. Fo :rmulari stic, a. [f. prec. + -ist + -ic.] Pertaining to or exhibiting formularization. 1864 Webster (citing Emerson). Formularization (fpamiwlarsiz^'Jan). [f. next + -ATION.] The action of formularizing; also, a formularized statement. 1881 B. W. Richardson in Gentl. Mag . CCL. 159 The formularisation of rules. 1886 Muirhead in Encycl. Brit. XX. 677/2 The great majority of these so-called enactments were probably nothing more than formularizations as of cus¬ tomary law. Formularize (fpumiwlaroiz), v. [f. Formular a. + -ize.] traits. To express in a formula or formal statement; to formulate. 1852 Fraser's Mag. XLV. 90 Every process is formularized in the most scientific language. 1862 Goulburn Educ. World in Replies to Ess. Rev. 37 Her doctrines were evolved..by formularizing the thoughts embodied in the record of the Church of the Apostles. 1876 Bartholow Mat. Med.( 1879) 247 The comparative merits of tannic and gallic acids may be formularized as follows : for local effects tannic acid, for systemic effects gallic acid is to be preferred. Hence Fo’rmularizing vbl. sb. 1891 Athenaeum 15 Aug. 222/3 A clumsy formularizing in general of Talleyrand’s sharpest and most famous 7uot. Formulary (fp\imiz?lari), sb. and a. [ad. F. formulaire sb. =■ collection of formulae, ad. L. *formuldrium, neut. sing, of form it Id rius (recorded in sense ‘lawyer skilled in formulae’): see For¬ mula, Formular, and -ary.] A. sb. A collection or system of formulas; a statement drawn up in formulas ; a document con¬ taining the set form or forms according to which something is to be done (esp. one that contains prescribed forms of religious belief or ritual). 1541 R. Copland {title) Questyonary of Cyrurgyens, with the formulary of lytell Guydo in Cyrurgie. a 1626 Bacon On Libel in 1592 Wks. 1861 VIII. 204 In the practice of all law, the formularies have been few, and certain, and not varied according to every particular case, c 1645 Howell Lett. 1. xxxii. (1655) 274,1 beleeveevry one hath som mode and modell or formulary of his own, specially for his private cubicular de¬ votions. 1723 Waterland A th. Creed iv. Wks. IV. 223 They received this Creed, .as an orthodox formulary, and an ap¬ proved rule of faith. <11734 North Life Guildford^"]42) 260 A committee of council to settle the formulary of the coro¬ nation. 1782 Burney Hist. Mus. { 1789) II. ii. 121 It contains .. a Formulary of the Ecclesiastical tones. 1827 Bentham Ration. Evid. Wks. 1843 VI. 441 Take up a history of an old French lawsuit..it is the same dull formulary in every case. 1877 J. D. Chambers Div. Worship no The Anglican Formularies, however, do not recognize Hymns at all. b. ? A formula. 1782 Warton Enq. Poems Ro'ivley 23 These poems abound with modern words, and modern formularies of expression. 1874 J. Sully Sensation <$• Intuition 112 A boundfess faith in the primitive formulary ‘ I can ’. B. adj. Of the nature of a formula or prescribed form ; of or relating to formulas. 1728 Morgan A Igiers 11 , iv. 293 Visiting his Tomb, they say a Fedha, or formulary sort of Prayer for Success. 1766 John¬ son in Boswell Feb., The formulary and statutory part of law. 1775 — Bet. to Mrs. Thrale 11 June, Part of it [an epitaph], which tells the birth and marriage, is formulary, and can be expressed only one way. 1862 Helps Organiz. Daily Life 120 All that is merely formulary, and that depends solely upon rules. 1875 Poste Gains m. Comm. (ed. 2) 445 Under the formulary system the term was still employed. b. Of a person : Closely adhering to formulas. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. III. in. ii. 155 There is .. in the incorruptible Seagreen himself, though otherwise so lean and formulary, a heartfelt knowledge of this latter fact. Formulate (fpumi//k l t), v. [f. Formula + -ate 3 . Cf. F. formuler .] trails. To reduce to a formula; to express in (or as in) a formula; to set forth in a definite and systematic statement. i860 Earl Carnarvon Recoil. Druses Lebanon v. 49 The Druse doctrines were, .rapidly formulated into a system. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. 1. iv. § 26 (1875) 88 Besides that definite consciousness of which Logic formulates the laws, there is also an indefinite consciousness which cannot be formulated. 1880 Kinglake Crimea VI. ix. 225 Lord Raglan did not unconsciously formulate for himself any settled design. 1883 Q. Rev. CLVI. 326 The Heads of Houses .. entrusted the Provost.. with the responsibility of formulating the document. Hence Fo*rmulated, Fcrrmulating ppl. adjs. i860 Marsh Eng. Lang. 235 Formulated doctrine. 1876 C. M. Davies Unorth. Lond. 99 An established, formulated, orthodox spiritism. 1895 Atheneeum 24 Aug. 253/1 The formulating effects of his [Laud’s] churchmanship. Formulation (f^imu^-Jan). [f. prec.: see -ATION.] The action of the vb. Fokmulate. 1876 Douse Grimm's L. § 1. 1 The concise formulation of which it [Grimm’s Law] is susceptible. 1885 Clodd Myths <5* Dr. 1. iv. 67 Facts which led. .to the formulation of the solar theory. Formulatory (f^umizzlats-ri), a. rare. [f. as prec. + -ORY.] Relating to formulation. 1887 Westm. Rev. CXXVIII. 841 Put in this bald formu¬ latory fashion, the difference between the two may seem un¬ important. t Formule, sb. Obs. [a. F. formule, ad. L. formula : see Formula.] 1. =Formula. 1677 Gale Crt. Gentiles iv. 164 A wel-governed Republic is bounded by the formule of certain Laws. 1773 Gentl. Mag. XLIII. 170 Thp first trial of this formule was on the observations from whence he had deduced it, of which he gives a table for each station. 2 . ? A little form or shape. 1829 Young Lady’s Bk. 469 A series of frames, or formules, is obtained. .The principal formule is to be placed on a piece of London drawing-board. Formule (fp'Jmiwl), v. rare. [ad. F. formul¬ er, {. formule Formula.] = Formulate. 1852 R. Knox Gt. Artists Anat. 13 Could we formule the doctrine as simply as [etc.]. Ibid. 103 The doctrine .. cannot be formuled in so clear a manner. Formulism (fpumi/Hiz’m). [f. Formul-a + -ism. Cf. next.] Adherence to or dependence upon formulas ; also, a system of formulas. 1840 Carlyle Heroes (1858)312 Triviality, Formulism and Commonplace were come for ever. 1851 Ruskin Stones Ven. II. viii. § 51 The..love of systematizing, which gradually degenerated into every species of contemptible formulism. 1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 603/1 The whole of this complex theory is ruled by a mathematical formulism of triad, hebdomad, etc. Formulist (fp\imi? 71 ist). [ad. F. fortnuliste: see -ist.] One fond of formulas. 1852 R. Knox Gt. Artists Anat. 15 The mere formulist (Cuvier also was a formulist in a sense). Formulistic (fjwmiziilrstik), a. [f. prec. + -ic.] Displaying fondness for formulas. 1873 Morley Rousseau II. xvi. 310 Its prudential didactics, its formulistic Sociality. [Cf. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. III. iv. vi. (1871) 162 The uncalculating Spirit of Jacobinism, and Sansculottic sansformulistic Frenzy !] Formulization fp amizfbiz^ jhn). [f. next + -ation.] The action of the vb. Formulize. 1851 Ruskin Stones Ven. III. ii. § 86 The curious tendency to formulization and system which, under the name of philo¬ sophy, encumbered the minds of the Renaissance schoolmen. 1873 Contemp. Rev. XXL 774 Every formulization of truth is not absolute but relative. Formulize ; f^imi/flaiz), v. [f. Formula + -ize.] trans. To reduce to or express in a for¬ mula ; to construct a formula for. 1851 Westcott Introd. Study Gosp. i. (1875) 49 Tha labours of Priests and Scribes in after time formulized what the Prophets had taught. 1859 Masson Brit. Novelists iv. 255 The ideas of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity which that Revolution had promulgated and formulized. 1882 T. Mozi.ey Remin. Oriel II. cv. 228 They have formulized their religion into these two monosyllables. Hence Fo rmulized ppl. a. Also Fo rmulizer, one who formulizes. 1864 Kingsley Rom. A Tent. x. 293 The formulizers of that law were none other than the celibate Roman clergy. 1865 Pusey Truth Eng. Ch. 94 That vast formulized theory. Formy (fpumi), a. [ad. F .forme : see Forme.] 1 . Her. Of a cross : = Pattee. 156a Leigh Armorie 56b, He beareth Azure, a crosse formye vecked Argent. Ibid. 57 b, A Crosse formie Sable. 1889 Elvin Diet. Her., Formy, a cross pattee. + 2. Of the faeces: =Figurate A. 2 a. Obs. * 57 ® Turberv. Venerie 65 From midde July untill the ende of August they make theyr fewmishing altogether formie. Formyl (f/umil). Chem. [f. Form- + -yl.] The hypothetical radical (CHO) of formic acid. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 118/2 Formyle is the hypo¬ thetical radical of formic acid, first discovered in the red ant. Fornace, obs. form of Furnace. Fornacic (ffvnae-sik), a. rare- 1 , [f. L .forttdc-, fortiax furnace + -ic.] Pertaining to a furnace. 1807 Headrick View Min. Arran 216 The smelting of iron, and other fornacic uses. Fornage : see Furnage. Fornale, v. Sc. Also 9 forenail. [Of ob¬ scure origin ; Jam. suggests the sense 1 to Nail or fasten up beforehand \] trans . To alienate the income of (an estate) in advance ; in mod. use ‘ to spend (money) before it is gained 5 (Jam.). 1478 Acta Dorn. Cone. (1839) 13 He sail nouther selL.na fornale, langar r.a sevin 3eris, nane of his landis. t Torne,adv.,a. and prep. Obs. Forms: 1 foran, forn(e, 3 foren, 3-5 forn, Orm. form, 4-7 forne. [OE. foran (Northumb. fora), fome adv. = OS. foran , forana , OFIG. forna (MIIG., mod.Ger. vorne, vorn) ; f. root of For, Fore adv . The adj. appears to be an English development from the adv., and not an adoption of the ON .forn ancient.] A. adv. 1 . With respect to place, a. Of position: In front, before the eyes ; in or on the front, opp. to behind, b. Of motion : Forwards, to the front. a. a 1000 Riddles liv. 8 (Gr.) Wonnum hyrstum Foran &efrzetwed. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 4361 pat host abod be- hynde & forn. a 1400-50 Alexander 3925 pis breme best bare.. Before forne in pe fronte thre fell tyndis. b. c xooo Daniel 557 (Gr.) past pmt treow sceolde telgum besnseded foran afeallan. c 1205 Lay. 26899 And ten pusend hehte aneouste foren wenden. 1430 Lydg. Citron. Troy in. xxii, He rode forne Brenning full hote. 2 . With respect to time : a. Formerly; in former time. b. Thenceforward, in future. 13.. Gaw. § Gr. Knt. 2422 pes wer forne pe freest pat fol^eS alle pe sele. 14.. Trentalle S. Gregorii in Tun- dale's Vis. (1843) 80 For pynes thar hym dred non forne Of purgatory no of helle. 3 . Prefixed to prepositions, and occas. to another adverb : a. Prefixed to again , against, adv. and prep.: Right in front, b. Forne an, at : before, in front of. C. Forne in : straight before, d. Forne to : before, both of place and time. e. Forne on : right forward, seriatim. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxi. 2 Faraft on pact castel pact foran [cn6o Hatton foren] on^en eow ys. c 1200 Ormin 553 P e 33 tokenn eft forrnon To serrfenn wukemalumm. c 1205 Lay. 20120 Up braeid Arftur his sceld foren to his breosten. Ibid. 23968 His hereburne gon to falsie, foren an his hafde. Ibid. 24032 ArSur beh to pan ^aete, forn at pere bur3e. Ibid. 29269 And foren to paere nihte fur per on brohte. 1388 Wyclif Mark xv. 39 The centurien that stood forn a3ens S15, that [etc.], c 1400 Destr. Troy 7759 There met hym pis Mawhown .. Euyn forne in his face. B. adj. a. Of place : Anterior, front, b. Of time: Former. <71440 Promp. Parv. 172/2 Forne parte of a schyppe, or forschyppe. 1485 Caxton Trcvisa's Higden 11. i. 71a, From the begynnyng of his forne dedes. 1565 Jewel Def. Apol. (1611) 340 It was true in Old forne yeeres, about twelue hundred yeeres agoe. C. prep. a. Of motion : Before, in front of, in advance of. O. E. Chron. an. 894, pa for rad sio fierd hie foran. c 1000 [see Fore-run]. £1175 Lamb. Horn. 51 Leofe moderswim pu foren me. c 1250 Gen. <$• Ex. 3541 Mac us godes foren us to gon. c 1380 Sir Ferinnb. 3649 pe kyng hem passede with-inne a wyle, Forn hem pe mountance of two myle. b. Of position: Before, before the face of, in sight of. Hence of fighting : In behalf of. c 1250 Gen. <$• Ex. 3866 God [bad] .. foren hem smiten on Se ston. 13.. Guy Warw. (A.) 200 Gij stode forn him in pat flett. 1 1440 Partonope 2172 To see hym dye me forn. a 1450 Le Morte Arth. 3211 Agaynste her fone I faught hem forne. 1602 2nd Pt. Return fr. Parnass. Prol. 70 Stories of love, where forne the wondring bench, The lisping gallant might inioy his wench. c. Of time : Before. a 1300 Cursor M. 22429 (Gott.) Forn domes-dai. d. Of cause : On account of. c 1440 Bone Flor. 67 To mykyll bale was sche borne, And many a man slayn hur forne. D. Comb., as forn-cast v. — Forecast v., to pre¬ meditate; forn-father = Forefather; forn-goer, a predecessor ; forn-had ppl. a. , formerly possessed ; forn-said ppl. a. = Foresail) ppl. a. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus m. 472 (521) He .. Hadde every thing that her-to might avayle *Forn-cast. c 1386 — Pars. T. P 374 Malice ymagined, avysed, and forncast. <1400 Test. Love 1. Chaucer’s Wks. (1561) 290b, Enuie, forne- caste and ymagined. c 1340 Cursor M. 9768 (Fairf.) pe gilt Adam our *forn-fadir spylt. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 26 The worshyp of god ys songe .. after the maner of oure forne-fathers. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 258/1 He hath lerned of his *forn goers whiche dyd that ought not to be forgoten. 1382 Wyclif Judges xvi. 28 Lord..}eeld to me nowe the fornhad [pristinam] strength. 1509 Bury Wills (Camden) 109 My lord y* abbot off y° monastery in Bury *ffornseyd. + Fornean, adv. Obs. [f. For prep, -f ntfan wk. dat. neut. of ndah Nigh.] Nearly, almost. 59-2 FORNELLO. 468 FORPRISE. c iooo Ags. Ps. lxxii[i]. i Me for nean syndon losode nu ba ealle on foldan fota gangas. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 227 For nean en ende J>issere wurold. || ForneTlo. Mil. Obs.~ 1 [a. It .fornello, dim. of fortio (lit. 4 oven ’) :—L.fumus oven.] A cavity in which powder is placed for blasting. 1687 B. Randolph Archipelago 70 How many mines, and fornellos were blown up. Foment (fo.me-nt), fornenst (fo.ine-nst), adv. and prep. Sc. and north. Forms : 6 foir-, for-, fore-anempst, -ane(i)nst, -(a)nent(s, -nence, -nens(t, -nentis, 9 foore-, for(e)- (a)nen(s)t, 6- foment, [f. Fore adv. + Anent.] 1 . Right opposite to, over against; facing. 1524 St. Papers Hen. VIII, VI. 236 For defence of his Borders foranempst Scotland. 1582-8 Hist. James V/, (1804) 204 In the straitt passage foirnent the goldsmyths shopp. 1649 Bp. Guthrie Mem. (1702) 64 The Earl of Athol.. Encamp’d foment him. 1807 J. Stagg Poems 61 Reeght for nenst them up they gat. 1864 Glasgcnu Herald 11 June, My house is right foment the tank. + 2 . a. (Ready) against, b. With regard to. IS33 Bellenden Livy (1822) 15 Reddy fornence all aven- turis that micht occur. 1709 Rob. Ill's A nsw. in liaison's Collect. 11. p. iv, But tve will do you understand What we declare foment Scotland. + 3 . quasi-fltfe. Opposite. Obs. 1548 Thomas Ital. Grant, R Diet. (1567), Dirimpetto , foranenst. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1888) I. 35 The bray foranent vpon Laudian syde. Forneys, obs. form of Furnace. Fornical (fjrjnikal), a. [f. L. fornic-em arch + -al.] ‘ Pertaining to the fornix ’ {Cent. Diet.). t Fornicarer. Obs. rare ~ 1 . [? f. L. forni- edr-ius + -eb 1.] A fornicator. c 1400 Afiol. Loll. 37 Seynt Ponle .. forbedij? us to tak meit or comyn wij) [>eis. .fornicarers. + Fornica rious, a. Obs. rare - 1 . [f. as next + -ous.] Of or pertaining to fornication. 1688 J. Norris Theory Love ii. ii. 105 Fornicarious mix¬ ture, .must of necessity be a sin. + Fo’rnicary, sb. and a. Obs. Also 3 fornic-, fornycarie, 5 fornyeary. [ad. L. forniedri-us masc., forniedria fem., f. fornic- : see next and -aey. Cf. OF. fornicaire.] A. sb. A fornicator. 1382 Wyclif Isa. lvii. 3 Sonus. .of a fornycarie [Vulg. fornicarix ]. 1496 Dives 4- Panp. (W. de W.) vi. viii. 243/1 God shall derne fornycaryes, & them that do auoutrye. B. adj. Addicted to fornication, lecherous. 1382 Wyclif Ecclns. xli. 25 Shame gee..fro biholdyng of a fornycarie womman. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 469 He schulde doo rigt of preostes fornicaries [de sacer- dotibus fornicariis ] and of hire concubynes. Fornicate (fe. 1691-8 Norris Pract. Disc. (1711) III. 47 ’Tis a kind of Spiritual Fornication, .to admit any Creature into a Partnership with him in our Love, i860 Pusey Min. Proph. 298 All forsaking of God being spiritual fornication. Fornication - (fjwnik^i-Jan). Arch. [ad. L. fornication-em, f. forniedtus vaulted, i. fornix arch, vault : see -ation.] An arching or vaulting. 1703 T. N. City <$• C. Purchaser 138 Fornication, In Architecture, is an Arching, or Vaulting. 1810 C. James Mil. Diet. (ed. 3) App., Fornication is an arching, or vaulting. Fornicator (fp'inik^taj). [a. L. fornicator, agent-n. {.fornicarl-. see Fornicate.] 1 . One who commits fornication. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. ii. 180 Oure cart shal he drawe, And fecche forth oure vitailes of fornicatores. 1477 Earl Rivers (C ax ton) Dictes 11 Kepe you oute of the companyes of. .fornicatours. 1552 Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884) 10 Fornicatouris and provokaris to the synne of lechorie. a 1710 Bp. Bull Serm. Wks. I. ix. 237 What will become of.. the adulterer, the fornicator.. and such like ? 1869 Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. x. 3 If a man is a fornicator, or a drunkard, t 2 . Billiards. (See quot.) Obs. 1674 Colton's Compl. Gamester i. 29 Make your Adversary a Fornicator, that is, having past your self a little way, and the other’s Ball being hardly through the Port, you put him back again, and it may be quite out of Pass. t Fo - rnicato:ry, a. Obs. [f. prec.: see -ory.] Of the nature of fornication. 1651 Baxter Inf. Bapt. 88 It was not the unlawfulness as Fornicatory, but as impious directly which they suspected. Fornicatress (fjfjnike’tres). [f. Fornicator + -ess b Cf. OF . fornicateressei] A woman ad¬ dicted to or guilty of fornication. 1593 Nashe Christ's T. (1613) 160 Those that haue been dayly fornicatresses. 1603 Shaks. Meas. for M. n. ii, 23. 1621 Ainsworth Annot. Pentat. Deut. xxiii. 17 Common whore, fornicatresse. + Fornicatrice. Obs. [ad. L. fomicdtrlce-m, fornicatrix: see next. Cf. F. fornicatrice. ] = prec. c 1450 Mirour Saluacion 912 Inpossible is y i this woman be ffornicatrice. Fornicatrix (fp'jnik«Ltriks). PI. -trixes. [a. L. fornicatrix, fem. of fornicator.] = prec. 1586 Perth Session Pec. in C. Rogers Soc. Life Scot. (1884) II. xii. 244 To shave the heads of fornicators and fornicatrixes. 1655 in Kirkton Hist. Ch. Scot. (1817) 171 note, One quadrilapse fornicatrix. 1768 Life 4 Adv. Sir B. Sapskull II. 130 What, sir (exclaimed the old fornicatrix). Forniciform (ffuni-sif^rm), a. Bot. [f. L. fornic-em, fornix arch, vault + -(i)form.] i860 Mayne Expos. Lex., Forniciform, Bot., resembling an arch or vault; vaulted. t Fornrm, v. Obs . Also 4 forneme ; pa. pple. 3 fornumen, fornomen. [OE. forniman, pa. t. fornam, fornom, pa. pple. fornumen, f. For- pref. + niman to take.] trans. To take away, do away with, destroy; also, to take np, appropriate by encroachment. Beowulf 1205 (Gr.) Hjne Wyrd fornam. c iooo Saxon Leeclul. I. 118 Wi 5 weartan, &enim pas ylcan wyrte .. hy beo 5 sona fornumene. c 1250 Gen. <5- Ex. 2228 Min two childrearen me for-numen. a 1300 E. E. Psalter cviii. feix.] 23 Als schadw, when heldes, for-nomen I am. c 1350 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 359 Euerych tannere .. shal, for \?e stret he for-nemef>, twey shullynges by }?e 3ere. c 1430 Compleynt 56 in Lydg. Temple Glas (1891) App. 60 Jee.. Han me for- nome tunge & speche. Fornix (fjpuniks). [a. L. fornix arch, vaulted chamber.] Something resembling an arch. a. Anat. esp. an arched formation of the brain. 1681 tr. Willis' Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Fornix , a hollow place in the brain, bending like an arch. 1799 Med. Jrnl. II. 329 The fornix .. raised at its anterior extremity. 1881 Mivart Cat 268 This fornix is made up of two white cords closely approximated anteriorly. b. Bot. (See quots.) 1823 Crabb Technol. Diet. s. v. Arch , Fornix* a small elongation of the corolla, which commonly covers the stamina. 1862 M. C. Cooke Man. Bot. Terms , Fornix, arched scales in the orifice of some flowers. c. Conchol. • The excavated part of a shell, situated under the umbo. It also signifies the upper or convex shell in the Ostrea ’ (Craig 184S). t Fornu'mb, v. Obs. rare- 1 , [f. For- pref A + Numb vi] intr. To become numbed. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. Ii. 9 How much so euer they fornommed, whosoever is touched earnestly w* the feare of God, hee will wishe none other remedy. For-old a .: see For- pref . 1 10. t ForoTd, v. Obs. [OE. forealdian, f. For- pref . 1 + ealdian to grow old, f. eald, Old a. Cf. OHG. faraltcn (mod. Ger. verallen).] intr. To grow old, wear out with age. c 900 tr. Bxda's Hist. iii. iv.[vi.] (1890) 166 Ne forealdfee ]>eos hond aefre, a 1300 Holy Rood 74' Ashm.) in Leg. Rood (1871) 24 It ne bar no|ter lef ne rynde as it uorolded [d/A\ Vernon for-oldet] were, c 1305 Edmund Con/. 175 in E. E. P. (1862)75 H e hem forbrende stilleliche : for hi forolfed [A - . Eng. Legendary , A\ Edmund 175 : for-olde] were. Foroughe, obs. form of Furrow. t Forou't, forou ten, prep. Obs. Forms : 1 foruton, 4 foroutyn, -owtyn, -outen, forout(e, 4-5 forowt, (4 foreowt ', 5-6 foroutin, 6 forow- tin, 7 foroutten. [OE.foriiton, -titan, f. For prep.+ iiton, -an, f. lit Out.] 1 . a. Except. OE. only. b. Besides. O. E. Citron, an. 1122, Se fir. .for bearnde ealle \ie minstre for uton feawe bee. 1375 Barbour Bruce xi. no Fifty thousand of archerys He had, forouten the hoblerys. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. xlii. 126 He had .. Foure scor off hardy armyd men, For-owte archeris. 2 . Without. C1350 Will. Falcrne 2681 To late hire leng]>e fulle a fourtenigt for-oute alle greues of saugtes to fc cite, c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. xxxvii. 66 He for-owt gruchyng De- lyveryt hym of coursis thre. 1513 Douglas rEneis iii. x. 59 Forowtin faill. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 111 Quhere dome is given foroutten Judge sitand, that is 11a dome of law. t Forou’th, adv. and prep. Sc. Obs. Also 4 forrouth, 4-5 forow v e)th. [app. a var. of Forwith ; cf. Sc. (Barbour) owtouth=out with. Perhaps Forrow is a shortened form of this.] A. adv. a. Of position : In front, b. Of direc¬ tion : Forward, c. Of time : Before, beforehand. x 375 Barbour Bruce vi. 202 Ta Fifty weill Armyt, and forouth ga. Ibid. xiv. 242 The Erll thomas wes forrouth ay. Ibid, xv 1. 504 As 3e forrouth herd me tell. 33 . prep. Of time or place : Before. x 375 Barbour Bruce 1. 163, I sail Hald It..as myn eldris forouch [sic MS. .* ? read forouth] me. Ibid. xi. 341 Evyn forrouth hym suld ga The vaward. c 1375 Sc. Troy-bk. 11. 722 The Gregeois swyth Aryvede. .A litill foroweth j>e even- nynge. 1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. xxxviii. 134 Dai gaddryd |?ame all.. And schupe J>ame forowth f>ame to be. Forow, obs. f. Furrow; var. Forrow, Obs. Sc. Forpained, -pampered: see For- pref. 1 6. + Forpa’SS, v. Obs. Also forepass. [ad. OP". for-, four passer, f. fors, For- preff -f passer to Pass ; in Spenser’s quasi-archaic use the prefix seems to be taken as Fore-.] 1 . trans. To go beyond, surpass, excel. [So in OP".; in quot. 1374 Skeat takes for as a conj.] c 1374 Chaucer Troylus 1. 101 In al Troyes citee Nas noon so fair, for passing every wight, So aungellyk was hir natyf beautee. 153. Starkey Let. to Cromwell in England p. lxxii, So my wytt and capacyte hit for-passyth. 1550 Coverdale Spir. Perle xxx. 83 b, Lyke as the spyryte forepasseth and ouercommyth the fleshe in Christe. 1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 303/2 They .. know that it forepasseth all our wits. b. To exceed (a time-limit). 1622 Bacon Hen. VII, 72 The Subiect should haue his time of Watch for fiue yeares .. which if hee fore-passed his Right should be bound for euer after. 2 . intr. To pass beyond. In Spenser: To go past, pass. 1496 Bk. St. Albans , Fishing Div, Whether over the water he woll forpas. 1590 Spenser F. Q . iii. x. 20 One day as hee forpassed by the plaine With weary pace. 1591 — M. Hubberd 519 Scarse can a Bishoprick forpas them by. Forpieree, -pinch: see For- pref A 5 and 5 b. Forprne, v. Obs. exc. arch. Also 6-7 fore- pine. [f. For- pref. 1 +Pine vi] trans. To cause to pine or waste away; to torture, famish, waste. (Often in pa. pple. ; perh. intr.) c 1205 Lay. 29130 Munekes he for-pinede on mani are wise. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1159 He lai uorpined in \?e wounde. ? a 1366 Chaucer Rom. Rose 365 Hir face frounced and forpyned. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. Ii. 9 He was for- pyned with extreme sorow. 1577 St. Aug. Manual(Longm.) 30 Whom meates puff up, whom fastynges forepine, a 1618 J. Davies Commend. Poems (Grosart) 20/1 Its wood to be fore-pinde with wastefull carke. 1626 Sir F. Drake re¬ vived in Arb. Garner V. 545 Our long fasting..might some¬ what forepine and waste us. 1865 Reader No. 117. 338/3 For-pined my cheek you see. Hence Forprned, Forpi'ning ppl. aitjs. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. vi. 157 For-pyned schrewe! <1386 Chaucer Prol. 205 Pale as a for-pyned goost. 1597-8 Bp. Hall Sat. v. ii. 91 Grim Famine sits in their forepined face. 1818 Milman Samor 92 Forepining day, and vigilant sleepless night. Forpit, forpet (f/upit, -et). .SV. and north, dial, [corruption of fourth part.] The fourth part of some other measure, now of a peck. 1793 Statist. Ace. Scot., Lanarks. VI. 77 As much land as is requisite for sowing a cap-full, or forpet of seed. a 1794 in Ritson’s Sc. Songs I. 184, I ha’e brew’d a forpet o’ ma’t. 1799 J. Robertson Agric. Perth p. vi, 4 lippies or forpits = 1 peck or | of a bushel or firlot respectively. 1824 Scott Rcdgauntlet ch. vii, ‘ A forpit or twa of sault.’ 1862 Hunter Biggar <5- House of Fleming v. 60 Two pecks and two forpits of bear at the cost of 2/2^. 1892 in Nor thumb. Gloss. For-plaint, -possed, -prick : see For- prefy Forprise (f^Mpraiz), sb. Also 7 foreprise, [a. AF v forprise, f. forpris : see next.] An excep¬ tion or reservation. [1292 Britton 11. xv. §6 Sauntz fere nule forprise.] 1530 Act 22 Hen. VIII, c. 15 The excepcions, forprises, and prouisions in this present pardon hereafter mencioned. 1602 Fulbecke 1 st Pt. Parall. 10 Hee woulde haue leuied the Fine with a foreprise or exception of certaine acres. 1613 Sir H. Finch Lazv { 1636) 18 He shall make no foreprise in his Writ. 1676 in Coles. 1848 in Wharton Lazv Lex. Forprise (ffhprsi'z), v. Forms : 5-8 forprise, (6-yse), 6-8foreprise,(6 -ice, 7 -yse,forseprise', 7- foreprize, [f. AF .forpris, -se, pa. pple. of for- prcndre.forsprcndre to except, f. for/-, For- prej! 3 +prendre to take.] trans. To take out, except, or reserve ; esp. in Law phr. ixceplicd andfor prised. Now rare. [1303 Lib. Custum. in Munim. Gildhallx II. 1. 168 Le Due de Brabaunt..qe est forspris par nostre Seignour le Rei dEngleterre.] 1488 Act 3 Hen. VII, c. 3 § iii The Townes FORQUIDDER. 469 FORSARY of Berwyk and Carlile oonly except and forprised. 1535 Act 26 Hen. VIII, c. 6§4 Any games, .the game ofshotinge onely exceptyd and forprised. 1565 Jewel Def Apol. (x6ii) 384 Dame Ioane, I trow, ye will haue foreprised out of this number. 1620 Bp. Hall Hon. Mar. Clergy m. iii, Fore-prizing none but such as haue the gift of continencie. 1686 Royal Proclam. 10 Mar. in Loud. Gaz. No. 2120/2 Excepted and always foreprized out of this Our Pardon, all 'Treasons [etc.]. 1797 Tomlins Law Diet. s. v. Forprise , Leases and conveyances, wherein excepted and forprised is an usual expression. 1864 Sir F. Palgrave Norm. Eng. III. 115 One individual alone foreprized. Forquhy, Sc. form of Forwhy. t Forqui/che, v. Obs .— 1 [f. For- prefy + OE. cwician, f. civic , Quick a.] intr. To come to life. ci200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 77 We don, alse ping do 5 , pe haue '5 lein on swete, forquichieS pan here time cumeS. Forqui/dder. Obs — 1 In 3 forewiddare. [f. For- Fore- prefy + *cwidderc, agent-n. f. aviddian to tell.] A foreteller. a 1225 Ancr. R. 212 peos beo '5 liore ovrune prophetes forewiddares. Forraine, obs. form of Foreign. For-raked, -raught: see For- prefy 6 b, 4. Forra(y, obs. form of Foray. t Forrede, v. Obs. [OE. forrxdan = OIIG. for-, femiten (Ger. vcrralhen).'] trans. To de¬ ceive, betray, seduce. a 1000 Wulfstan Horn. (Napier) 160 Eadwerd man for- ra-dde and sy 55 an aewealde. c 1205 Lay. 14867 purh his dohter Rouwenne mine uader he uor-radde. a 1225 Juliana 18 Ne nullich leauen ower read pat forreade6 ou seoluen. ci 250 Gen. $ Ex. 2192 Do was Iosep sore for-dred Dat he wore oc Shur} hem for-red. a 1300 Body <5* Soul in Map's Poems 337 The world, .that mani a soule haved for-rad. Forrede, obs. form of Furred. Forrel(l, Forrester: see Forel, Forester. For-rend: see For- prefy 5 b. Forrey,-eie, obs. ff. of Foray. t Forri’dden, pple. and ppl. a. Obs. [f. For- prefy + ridden , pa. pple. of Ride 7/.] a. Of a per¬ son: Wearied with riding, b. Of ahorse: That has been ridden to excess (in quot. transf .). 1500-20Dunbar Poems lxi. 62 The court hes done mycurage cuill, And maid me [ane] forriddin muill. 1635 Cranley Amanda 23 Young bold-faced Queanes,and old fore-ridden lades. i8«o Scots Mag. May 422 Sare forridden, my merry menyie Left me my livan* lane. t Forridel. Obs. [OE. for ridel, f. For- prefy + root of ridan to Ride.] One who rides in advance. Also fig. a precursor, a preliminary. ciooo /Elfric Horn. II. 168 Cyning. .Totilla..sende his forridel .. cySan his to-cyme Sam halgan were, a 1225 Ancr. R. 206 0 < 5 er swuche uor-rideles. Ibid. 300 Al pe uorrideles pet brouhten in pe sunne pet is pe deofles heaued pet me schal totreden anon. Forrill, var. of Forel. Forrit (fp*rit), adv. Sc. [repr. Forward, or a coalescence of this with Forerigiit.] Forward. 1786 Burns Pastoral Poetry vi, Come forrit, honest Allan! 1816 Scott Old Mort. xxxviii, ‘ What for are ye no getting forrit wi’ the sowens?' 1826 J. Wilson Noct. A mbr. Wks. 1855 I. 145 Things wunna retire and come forrit as I wish. Hence F»rritsome a., forward, * pushing’. 1894 Crockett Raiders 200 ‘ I’m not. .a forritsome man/ Forroast: see For - pref. 1 5. tForrocrt, V. Obs. [ME .forrotenfi. For -prefy + roten, Root 7/.] intr. To ‘root’ as a swine. c 1230 Mali Mcid. 13 Ha in hare wur 5 unge as eaueres forroteden. t Forro t, v. Obs. [OE. forrotian , f. For- prefy 4- rotian to Rot ; = MLG. vorroten (Ger. verrotlen).'] intr . To rot away, putrefy. a 900 Kentish Gloss, in Wr.-Wiilcker 64 Et.. putrescet, and forrota 5 . c 1175 Lamb. Horn, in pine welan forrotiaS biforan pine e}an. a 1225 Ancr. R. 138 WiSuten salt fleshs ..forroteS sone. . <21300 Seven Sins iv. in E. E. P. (1862) 17 pou salt..for-roti to axinxt waes eall for- sacende. 21200 Trin. Coll. Ho)n. 147 Hie forsoken pe wereld and eorSliche wele. a 1240 Ureisuu in Cott. Horn.. 195 Vor pine luue ich uorsoc al pet me leof was. <21300 Cursor M. 23045 paa pat. .al pis werld welth forsok. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xix. 88 He hase forsaken wyf and childer and all pe ricches .. of pe. werld. 1582 Bentley Mon. Mat rones ii. 12, I rather did forsake my right than to behold such cruelnesse. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nic ho lay’s Voy. 1. ix. 12 b, Forsaking the name of a Captayne any longer, caused himselfe to be called king. 1593 Shaks. Liter. 157 For himself himself he must forsake. 1781 Cowper Hope 585 Forsaking country, kindred, friends. b. To break off from, renounce (an employment, design, esp. an evil practice or sin; also, a belief, doctrine), f Till 17th c. occas. with inf. as object. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 81 He seal his sunne uor-saken. 21200 Vices r3 2 8) are local equivalents of the plough-shoe]. + Forsha me, V- Obs. [OE. forsceamian, f. For- pref . 1 + sceamian: see Shame 7;.] intr. To be greatly ashamed. In OE. also impersonal. c 897 K. zElfred Gregory's Past. xxi.150T),<‘t hie on^ieten oaet hie mon title.. & hie forscamije. a 1050 Liber Scintilt. viii. (1889) 40 On him sylfum be his synnum ajenum for- sceamigean. c 1200 Ormin 12528 pe deofell wennde awe33 anan Forrshamedd off himm sellfenn. t Forshape, v- Obs. For forms see Shape v. [OE. forsc$ppan str. vb., f. For -pref} + scfppan: see Shape v.] trans. To metamorphose, trans¬ form ; to misshape, disfigure. r 1000 /Elfric Gen. 308 (Gr.) Heo ealle forsceop drihten to deoflum. <11225 Ancr.R. 120 Hwat 31 f eni ancre .. is forschupped to wuluene. c 1350 Will. Palerne 4394 Ich forschop pe panne In pis wise to atwerwolf. 1398 Trevisa Barth. Dc P. R. xvii. cxlii. (1495) 698 Ydo made a maw- met: and forshaped it in the stede of god. 1480 Descr. Brit. 54 A man and a woman most nedes ben. .forshapen in to hkenes of wolues. 01532 Df.wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 956 To forshape, transmuer. 1884 Child Ballads 11. xxxi. 291/2 Her stepmother had forshapen her. Hence Forsha ped, Forsha pen ppl. adjs., trans¬ formed, misshapen. Forsha’ping 1 , a deformity. Also Forschuppild (it) [see -ild], a transformer. <11225 Ancr. R. 120 \Vre 33 e is a uorschuppild. <-1320 Cast. Los e 640 He were al sopfast mon, pat no forschippyng weore him on. c 1440 Hvlton Seala Perf. \ W. de \V. 1494I 11. vi, Remedyes..by the which a forshapen soule maye be restored agayne. 1530 Palsgr. 157 A monstre, a wonder- full thyng or forshapen. Forshend, -shoot: see For- pref} x and 8. Forshield : see Foreshield. + Forshri nk, v. Obs. [OE. forscrincan, f. For- pref} + scrincan, Shrink v.] intr. To shrink up, dry tip. c 1000 /Elfric Job vii. 5 Min hyd .. is forscruncen. c 1000 Ags. Gosfi. Matt. xxi. 19 Da sona forscranc |>a;t fic-treovv. a 1500 Flo'iver Lea/Vii , The beauty of hir fresh coloures, Forshronke with heat. t Forshtrt, v. Obs. [OE. forscyttan, f. For- prefd + scyttan to Shut.] trans. To shut off or out; hence, to preclude, prohibit. ciooo ASlfric Horn. I. 540 Hi heofodon folces synna, and heora wrace on him sylfum forscytton. C1150 Departing Souls Ad dr. Body 13 Nu is thin muth forscutted. £1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. xlv. (1869)27 It forshetteth yow from passinge ouer. 1530 Palsgr. 109 Forclorre, to schutte out or forschut. Forsight: see Foresight. Forsin, sb. : see Fore -pref. 4 a. 1 ' Forsi n, v. Obs. [OE. forsyngian weak vb., f. For- pref} + syngian : see Sin ».] In pa. pple., Ruined by sin, burdened with sin. a 1000 Laws of Edgar , Of Penitents § 12 Ne wur 5 mm3 man on worlde swa swifte forsyn;$ad, pe he. <11175 Lamb. Horn. 95 He denial) stiSne dom pam forsune^ede. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 187 To freurende po forsine3ede. Forsink : see For- pref} 5. t Forsi’t, v. Obs. [OE. forsittan, f. For- pref} + sittan to Sit.] 1 . trans. To defer, delay; to neglect, omit. <7940 Laws of rEthclstan it. § 20(Schmid) Gifhwa^emot forsitte priwa. c 1205 Lay. 28518 Wah swa hit for-sete [c 1275 for-seate] pat pe king hete. 2 . = Forfeit. (? Miswritten for forfette.) ? a 1400 Ifomadon (Kolbing) 1854 When he ys in pis contre, At his will well ye maryede be, Ellyes forsytte youre londe. Forsite: see Forcite. tForsla’ck, foreslack, v. Obs. [f. For- pref} + Slack v.] 1 . intr. To be or grow slack ; to pall. rare. a 1300 Cursor M. '2219A We wreches wit vr will for-sakes, )>at selenes j?at neuer for-slakes. 1579 Tomson Calvin's Serin. Tim. 223/2 The tentations whiche sinne hath wrought, may in no wise make vs worse or forslake in our calling. 2 . trans . To be slack in, neglect; to lose or spoil by slackness or delay. Also with inf. as obj. *563-87 Foxe A. <$• M. (1596)62/1 Bicause, .we foreslacke our praieng, or be not so vigilant therein as we should. Ibid. 77/2 The Officiall thinking to foreslacke no time .. laide handes upon this Peter. 1594 Carew Tasso (1881) 27 He spitefull warie is, ne ought foreslackes Hierusalem with new force to supply. 1596 Spenser F. Q. vii. vii. 45 They .. love eschewed That might forslack the charge to them foreshewed. 1636 Featly Clavis Myst. xxi. 266 Be not negligent, nor fore slacke thy opportunity. 1660 H. More Myst. Godl. v. xvii. 210 This Prophecie of the Churches change into so excellent a state may be foreslacked by the ill management and faithlesness of them. Hence Forslacking vbl. sb., delay, hesitation. 1600 Holland Livy xlii. Ivii. (1609) 1148 All forslacking . .now would greatly prejudice their reputation. t Forsleep, v. Obs. [f. For- pref. 1 + Sleep v.] a. intr. Only in pa. pple.: Overcome with sleep. b. trans. To neglect through sleep. 1382 Wyclif Prov. xxiii. 34 The steris man al forslept, the steer staf lost. 1571 Campion Hist. Irel vii. (1633) 21 Before the general! flood .. when every man foreslept the monition. tForsli’llg, v. obs.- 1 In 5 pa. pple. ver- slongen. [ad. Du. verslinden : cf. Ger. verschlin- gen.] trans. To swallow down, gobble up. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) io Of xv. [chyldren] I haue hut foure in suche wyse hath this theef forslongen them. t Forslrnger, v. Obs.~ 1 In 5 forslynger. [a. Du. verslingeren, f. ver- = For- pref} + stin¬ ger en, to twist, throw.] trans. To beat, belabour. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arh.) 16 That one had an leden malle, and that other a grete leden wapper, therwyth they wappred and al for slyngred hym. Forslip : see For -pref} 3. t Forslo’cken, v. Obs .- 1 [f. For- pref} + Slocken.] Pa. pple. only : Drowned. 1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 40 The moone is al hlodi and dymme. .that signefieth lordship forslokend in synne. t Forsloth, v. [f. For- pref} + Sloth ».] trans. To lose, miss, neglect, spoil, or waste through sloth. Also with inf. as obj. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 197 Wanne hii [France & o)>er londes] for soke ys, & for slewed [v. r. uorslewede] & to non defence ne come, c 1386 Chaucer Nun's Pr. T. 276 Thou wolt .. for-sleuthen wilfully thy tyde. 1390 Gower Con/. II. 190The prelatsnow. .Forslouthen that theysholden tille. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. viii. 52 Ich .. botere, melke, and chese For-sleu|?e[d] in my seruice. c 1440 Ps. Penit. (1894) 33 Y haue forsleuthid thi service. ^1470 in My re's Par. Priest (1868) 64 Alle graces that thowe hast for- slowthed. 1555 Abp. Parker Ps xxxiii, Forslouth not thys. a 1557 Mrs. Basset tr. More's Treat, the Passion Wks. 1362/2 Hee forslouthed to praye and call for gods help. Forslow, foreslow*, v. Obs. exc. arch. Forms: 1 forsl&wian, 3-4 for-, south, vorslewe, 6-7 for(e)slow(e, (6 foresloe). Pa. t. 6-7 for(e)- slowed, (6 -slowe). Pa. pple. 3 vorslewede, 6 for(e)slowed, -slowne, 9 foreslowen. [OE. forsldwiatiy f. For- prefd + slawian to be slow, f. sldzVy Slow a.~\ + 1 . trans. To be slow or dilatory about; to lose or spoil by sloth; to delay, neglect, omit, put off. Also with inf. obj. Obs. exc. arch . t 888 K. /Elfred Bocth. x, [>u naht ne forslawodest J?act pu Fin agen feorh for hine ne sealdest. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 4055 Wanne hii vorsoke is & uorslewede [v.r. for slewed] & to none defense ne come. C1315 Shoreham 114 Hyt hys thorwe besynesse That men for-slewyth hyt. £1386 Chaucer Pars. T. p 611 This foule sinne Accidie .. for- sleweth and forsluggeth, and destroyeth alle goodes tem- poreles. 1507 IVill of Duke (Somerset Ho.), My tithes forgoten or torslewyd. 1585 Abp. Sandys Serin. (1841) 172 By procrastination. .& forslowing our turning to the Lord. 1591 Harington Orl. Fur. xli. xlvii, He foresloed when he was on ground To be baptized. 1633 Hanmer Chron. Irel. 171 Do good then here, fore slow no time. 1677 W. Hubbard Narrative 71 They were resolved to foreslow no opportunity. 1862 Sir H. Taylor St. Clement's Eve hi. vi, Rash attempts shall fitly he foreslowen. t 2 . To make slow, delay, hinder, impede, ob¬ struct ; to slacken. Obs. exc. arch. 1563-87 Foxe A. $ M. (1596) 274/2 He foreslowed not his iourneie. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. June 119 Least night with stealing steppes doe you forsloe. 1603 Sir C. Heydon Jud. Astrol. xxi. 474 Saturne doth onely foreslow the operation of the Moone ; the rest of the Planets doe all further her working, a 1660 Hammond Wks. (1684) IV. 565 If they he any time foreslowed and trashed by either out¬ ward or inward restraints. 1682 Dryden To Duchess on her return 15 The wond’ring Nereids.. Foreslow’d \Bellprinted foreflowed] her passage to behold her form. 1855 Singleton Virgil I. 140 What delay foreslows the laggard nights. absol. 1615 Crooke Body 0/Man 261 Nature .. doth not either preuent or foreslow vnlesse shee be prouoked. + 3 . intr. To be slow or dilatory. Obs. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. xi. 8 Although God forslow and delay for a while, yit.. the time of vengeance will surely come. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, n. iii. 56 Foreslow no longer, make we hence amaine. Hence Forslowed ppl. a ., Forslow ing vbl. sb. Also Forslow er, one who * forslows \ C1590 Cartwright in Presbyt. Rev. Jan. (1888) 116 Much les cast you into forfiture for a fooresloed [printed foore- stoed] letter. 1593 Nashe Christs T. 81 b, Of these fore- slowers it is sayde .. I will spue them out of my mouth. 1611 Cotgr., Accrochement .. a staying, delaying, or fore- slowing, of a Suit. Forslug : see For- pref . 1 3. Forsment, obs. form of Forcement. t Forsme'rl, v. Obs.— 1 [f. For- pref. x + Smerles ointment.] trans. To anoint. a 1300 Cursor M. 19985 (Edin.) In quilc [cristis] nam for- smerlid tald es he. t Forsmi’te, v. Obs. [f. For- pref x + Smite.^ trans. To smite in pieces ; to strike down. c 1205 Lay. 1598 He hine for-smat a-midden. c 1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 3621 For-smiten }?ai be }?at neuer after schullen y-the. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. in. 272 As thyng with leyt forsmyton, wol they die. c 1475 Partenay 2104 Fighting ful manly, On all for-smete. + Forsomuxh, adv. Obs. - Forasmuch. 1454 in Burton & Raine Hemin^brough 393 Forsomykill as 1 have certeyn knawledge. 1561 WinJet Cert. Tract. ii. (1888) 16 Forsamekle as [etc.]. 1611 Bible Luke xix. 9 Forsomuch as he also is the sonne of Abraham. 1648 Z. Boyd in Zioris Flozucrs (1855) App. 30/1 Forsameikle as [etc.]. Forsongen : see For -prefix 6 b. Forsooth, (fpis/ 7 -])), adv . Forms: 1 forsoft, 3-4 forso]?(e, 4 south, vorzope, 3-6 forsoth(e, (3 forsotht^h, 4 for-suth, 4 forsoothe), 4-5 Sc. for-suth, (4 Sc. fursuth, 5 for-sute, Sc. -suith), 6 forsouth, (Sc. -soith), 6- forsooth. [OE .forsSti, f. For prep. +sod\ Sooth sb., written as one word.] 1 . fa. In truth, truly. Also in phrase, forsooth to say, forsooth and forsooth (cf. verily, verily), forsooth and Gcd. Obs. b. Now only used parenthetically with an ironical or derisive state¬ ment. ^888 K. TElfred Boeth. xiv. § 3 Wite forsoj? \>xt nan £od ne dera}? J? am h e hit ah. a 1225 Ancr. R. 88 Auh for- sofre so hit is. c 1300 Harrmv. Hell 40 He nam him.. Vnto helle for so[?e to sei. 1393 Langl. P. PL C. xvii. 303 And when a man swerej) for so)?, for soj? he hit trowej?. c 1481 Plumpton Corr. 42 For sute, madam, I lost all that I payd for him. 1523 Lo. Berners Froiss. Pref. 2 Forsothe and God, this hath moued me at the highe comaundement of my .. lorde kynge Henry the VIII. 1547 Homilies 1. Of Faith (1859) 43 He confirmeth with a double oath, saying, Forsooth and forsooth I say unto you [etc.]. 1642 R. Car¬ penter Experience 1. xiv. 107 After every word even when they speake to young greene Boyes, they come with yes forsooth, and no forsooth. 1667 Pepys Diary 25 Mar., By and by comes Mr. Lowtherand his wife and mine, and into a box, forsooth, neither of them being dressed. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 79 P 9 She has no Secrets, forsooth, which should make her afraid to speak her Mind. 1789 Mrs. Piozzi Journ. France I. 109 That they might be at liberty forsooth to clap and hiss. 1809-10 Coleridge Friend (1865) 202 He re¬ proaches me with treachery, because forsooth I had not sent him a challenge ! 1842 Browning Waring 1. ii, How, for¬ sooth, was I to know it? 1863 P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 165 Reserve forsooth ! 1880 Mrs. Forrester Roy <5- Viola I. 21 A very happy couple we should have made, for-sooth. 2 . quasi-jA An act of sayin g for sooth. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 266 P 4 Her innocent forsooths, yes's, and't please you s. Hence Forsoo tli sb., one who uses the word fre¬ quently, an affected speaker. Forsoo'th v. trans. to say i forsooth ’ to, treat ceremoniously. 1604 B. Jonson Penates Wks. (Rtldg.) 541 You sip so like a forsooth of the city. 1660-1 Pepys Diary 16 Jan., The sport was how she had intended to have kept herself un¬ known, and how the Captaine .. of the Charles had for- soothed her, though he knew her well and she him. t Porso’pil, v. Obs. [f. Fob- pref} + ? sopil. Supple. But the reading and sense are doubtful.] FORSPAN. <*1315 Shoreham 165 For death scholde his meystryes kethe and for-sopil and for-sethe In deathes bende. t Forspa*n, v. Obs . [OE. forspanan, f. For- prefA + spanan to entice; = OS . forspanan, OHG. farspanan.'] trans. To entice, seduce. c xooo /Elfric Horn. 11 .226 Gehwa se$e oSerne to leahtrum forspen 5 . .is manslaja. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 223 Warp pa pat wif for-spannen purh pe deofles lare. Forspeak (f^isprk), v. Also fore*, [f. For- prefA + Speak. OE. had for spec an to deny.] 1 . trans. To bewitch, charm. Obs . exc. Sc. c\\*\oPromp. Paru. 173/1 For-spekyn, orcharmyn,_/*wf///tf. ^1460 Towtteley Myst. (Surtees) 115 Sythen told me a clerk, that he was forspokyn. 1584 R. Scot Discov. Witcher. 111. ii. 45 They [the witches] sale they have .. forespoken hir neighbour. 1601 Holland Fluty II. 296 Whosoeuer shall enchant or fore-speake any come or fruits of the earth. a 1658 Ford, etc. Witch Edmonton 11. i, Urging, That my bad tongue.. Forespeaks their cattle. 1895 [see below]. t 2 . To forbid, renounce. Obs. 1565-73 Cooper Thesaurus , Abdicerc .. to forspeake: to cast of or renounce. 1579 J. Stubbes Gaping Gulf E viij b, If he should speede (which God forspeake). f 3 . To speak against, speak evil of. Obs. a 1300 [see below]. 1606 Shaks. Ant. <$• Cl. m. vii. 3 Thou hast forspoke my being in these warres, And say’st it is not fit. x6n W. Sci.ater Key (1629) 84 The fashion of most men, in such iudgements, is to cry out of ill tongues that have fore-spoken them. Hence Forspeaking* vbl. sb. and ppl. a .; For- spo ken ppl. a. Also Forspea ker, a witch. a X300 E. E. Psalter xliii. 17 Fra Steven of up-braidand and for-spekand. 14.. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 582 Facimia , a forspeker or a tylyystere. 1483 Cath. Angl. 138/2 A For- spekynge, fascinacio. 1570 T. Norton tr. Noiuel's Catech. (1853) 127 They, .which abuse the name of God in., enchant¬ ments, in forespeakings, or in any other manner of super¬ stition. 1895 Longm. Mag. Nov. 39 She told him he had been ‘ forespoken ’. .and made him drink water mixed with earth from the 4 fore-speaker’s 1 grave. Forspend, forespend (fpaspe-nd), v. [OE. forspendan , f. For- pref A- + spendan to Spend. Cf. OHG. vorspctilbn .] trans. To spend com¬ pletely : t &• To exhaust (money or property). C893 K. /Elfred Oros. 1. i. § 23 SwiSost ealle hys speda hy forspendad. c 1x75 Lamb. Horn. 31 Swa pet ic mine oSre god al ne fors-spende. b. To wear out with toil, etc.; rare exc. in pa. pple. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. Ii. 9 His livelynes was almoste forspent. 1652-62 Heylin Cosmogr. m. (1682) 146 Fore- spent with age, and with the travel of the Wars. 1799 Southey Eng. Eclog. t etc. Poet. Wks. III. 142 A painful march .. Forespent the British troops. 1814 Cary Dante , Inf. 1. 2i A man. .Forespent with toiling. 1884 Punch 23 Feb. 88 Camel and leader onward fare forespent. Hence Forspe nt, forespe nt ppl. a. 1563 Sackville Induct. Mirr. Mag. xii, Her body small soe withered and forespent. 1576 Newton Lemnies Com¬ plex. (1633) 108 Their languishing and forespent body for- saketh their soule. 1821 Lamb Elia Ser. 11. Valentine's Day , The weary and all forspent twopenny postman. t Forspill, v. Obs. [OR. forspillan, -spildan, f. For- pref . 1 + spiilan to destroy, Spill. Cf. OHG. far spildan .] trans. To destroy, lose. c 893 K. Alfred Oros. in. ix. § 4 pa wolde he hiene selfne. .forspillan. a 1300 E. E. Psalter lxxxviii. 11 [lxxxix. 10] pou .. In mighte of pine arme forspilt pi faas. c 1340 Cursor At. 4332 (Fairf.) Almast made ho him forspilt. Forspread. : see For- prep .‘ 7. Forstage, Forstall: see Fore-stage, -stall. + Forsta'nd, forestand, v. 1 Obs. [OE. forstandan , f. For- pref. 1 + standan to Stand.] 1 . trans. To oppose, withstand ; to bar. In quot. 1599 perh. = ‘ neglect 1 (cf. Forsit, or read foreslow'd '. a xooo Boeth. Metr. i. 44 Ne meahte pa seo wea laf wije forstandan. c 1205 Lay. 20159 ArSur wende his speres ord, and for-stod heom pene ford. 1599 Life Sir T. More in Wordsw. Eccl. Biog. (1853) II. 58 He fore-stood nothing for the happie expedition of the same. [1892 Stoit. Brooke E. E. Lit. 11. xxv. 264 A mighty angel there forstood them.] 2 . = Understand. [Cf. Ger. verstehen ] c 888 K. ALlfred Boeth. v. § 3 Unease ic maig forstandan pine aesunga. 1682 New News from Bedlam 47 How the .. Papists will approve of it, we cannot forestand. 1768 Ross Helenore 145 A cripple I’m not, ye forsta me. t Forsta’nd, z>. 2 Obs. [f. For- pref'A + Stand v.] trans. To stand up for, defend, represent. [a xooo Laws Ine lxii. in Thorpe Anc. Laws I. 142 Gif hine. .nelle forstandan.] 1642 Vindie. Parlt. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) V. 277 The members of the parliament are chosen by us, and forstand us. t ForsteaT, v. Obs. [OE. forslelan y f. For- prefA + stelan to Steal.] trans. To steal away. a 940 Laws of /Ethelstan v. vi. § 3 Gif hine man forstaele. £975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. vi. 19 In eorpe .. paer Siofes adelfap and forstelap. C11 7 $ Lamb. Horn. 109 Heouene.. J>er nan peof ne mei [his] maomas forsteolan. c 1200 Prayer to our Ladygin O. E. Misc. 192 Slep me ha 5 mi lif forstole richt half oSer more. Forsteal 1 , obs. form of Forestall. Forsterite (fpvisterait). Min. [f. the surname Forster + -ite.] A silicate of magnesium found in yellowish crystals. 1824 Levy in Ann. Phil. Ser. 11. VII. 62, I have chosen for it the name of forsterite. Forstid (fp’Jstid). Mining. Also 7-9 forestid, 8-9 fausted. [Of unknown origin.] Rarely pi. Chiefly attrib as forstid ore (see quot. 1874). X653 Man love Lead-Mines 266 Forstid-oarand Tees. 1681 471 Houghton Compl. Miner (E. D. S.), Fore-stid ore. X747 Hooson Miner *s Diet. D iv b, With this [Pucker] they knock Ore, or anything that is mixed with Ore, Fausteds, &c. Ibid. M ij, All the Fausted Ore was to be Free. 1802 Mawe Min. Dcrbysh. 204 Fausted , refuse lead ore to be dressed finer. 1874 Gloss, to Manlcn>es Lead-Mines (E. D. S.), Forstid-orc or Forestid ore , ore that is gotten out of earth and dirt that has been previously washed and deprived of part of its ore. Forstived: see For - pref A 5. t Forsto’p, v. Obs. [f. For- pref A + Stop v. ; = MDu. verstoppen .] trans. To stop; to stifle (breath) ; also, to dam up, in quot.yfo a 1225 Auer. R. 72 }e al Jesses weis pundeo ower wordes, & forstoppe ‘5 ouwer pouhtes. 13.. Coer de L. 4843 The wynde.. forstoppyd the Crystene onde. Forstormed: see For- pref 1 5 c. + Forstrau'ght, pa. pple. [f. For- pref 1 + straught in Distraught.] Distracted. c 1386 Chaucer Shipman's T. 105 A wery hare .. al for- straught with houndes grete and smale. c 1440 Ps. Penit. (1894) 58 For-straught to the yfled am y. 1 Forstri ve, v. Obs. rare- 1 , [f. For prep. + Strive.] trans. To strive for. c X315 Shoreham 93 Coveyte none mannes wyf, Ne nau3t of hys for-stry ve. + Forsume, v. Obs. rare- \ [f. For- pref A + ? -snme in Consume. But cf. OHG. firsitmen , mod.G. versdumen to procrastinate.] trans. To waste, consume. a 1510 Douglas K. Hart 11. xxv, And gif 3e he ane coun* salour sle, Quhy suld }e sleuthfullie your tyme forsume? Forsung : see For - pref A 6 b. t ForswaTlow, v. Obs. [OE. forswelgan , sweolgan , f. For- pref A + swqlgan to Swallow.] trans. To swallow up, devour utterly. Beowulf 2089 (Gr.) Grendel .. leofes mannes lie eall for- swealg. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 123 penne bi ene hoc for 3 mid b an ese. <21225 Ancr. R. 66 pe luoere coue deouel. .uorswoluweS al pset god heo istreoned habbecS. 1340 Ayenb. 67 Oil leak pe erbe and uorzual^ datan and abyron. c 1400 Solomon's Bk. Wisdom 259 Sone hadden be Lyouns forswelewed hem vchone. Forswarted : see For- pref A 5. t Forswa’t, ppl . a. [pa. pple. of *forsweat , f. For- pref.A + Sweat v.\ Covered with sweat. c X325 Pol. Songs (Camden) 158 Of thralles y am ther thral, That sitteth swart ant forswat. 1375 Barbour Bruce vii. 2 The kyng toward the rod is gane, Wery for-swat. c 1450 Merlin 296 Com a knyght right well armed vpon a grete steede all f’- forreaden & inakie to forswelten. 2 . trans. To cause to perish, to kill. a 1225 St. Atarher. 5 Mi sweord schal uorswelten and for- swolhen hi flesch. 13.. A\ Alis. 7559 Her was the gult, To ben forbarnd, to ben forswelte. t Forswi'ft, v. Obs.~ 1 In 6 pa. pple. for- swiftet. [f. For- pref i 1 ; cf. Swift a. and ON. svipta to sweep off.] trans. To sweep away. 1513 Douglas /Eneis in. iii. 97 Forswiftet fro our richt cours, gane we ar. Forswithe, -swong, -swonk: see For -pref 1 For-swollen, pa. pple. : see For- pref. 1 6 . fig. ( 1450 Merlin xxvii. 538 ‘Ha boyes ’ quod the kynge, ‘thow art fell, and for-swollen \ Forsworn (fp-iswpun), f forswore, ppl ■ a. [pa. pple. of Forswear.] 1 . That has forsworn himself, perjured. O. E. Citron, an. 1094 [He] hine forsworenne & trywleasne clypode. a 1100 Ags. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 337 Periurus , for¬ sworen. £1290 S. Epig. Leg. I. 135/1011 Puyrliche forsuore we schullen him preoui. c 1400 Apol. Loll. 37 For sworn men, cursars, drunksum men. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. iii. 84 God will mainteyne the faithfulnesse of his promises against such forsworne naughty packs. 1680 Falkland Life Edw. II in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 49 His forsworn traiterous murderers enter his chamber. 1718 Freethinker No. 20. 135 The Forsworn Enemies of the Protestant Succession. 1849-53 Rock Ch. of Fathers III. x. 501 Our pastors, from the sainted Austin down to the forsworn Cranmer. 1887 Bowen Virg. /Eiteid 11. 195 By lips for¬ sworn of a cunning liar, the tale Credence finds. Proverbs, c 1330 Amis A mil. 1102 Forsworn man shal neuer spede ! 1591 Troubl. Raigne K. John 11. (1611) 92 Once forsworne, and neuer after sound. 1619 Dalton Coupitr. Just. (1630) 297 Once forsworne ever forlorne. absol. c 1000 Allfric IIout. I. 132 Da forsworenan mid forsworenum .. forwurSaS. a 1200 Moral Ode 103 Hwet sculen ordlinghes don pa swicen and ta forsworene ? 1597 Daniel Civ. Wars iii. xxx. One says he never should endure the sight Of that Forsworn. 2 . Falsely sworn. 1580 Sidney A rcadia (1622) 184 Plexirtus, mingling for¬ sworne excuses with false-meant promises. H ence Porswo rnness, false swearing, perjury. c 1000 Allfric Horn. II. 328 Cypmannum £edafena 5 paet hi .. lofian heora Sing buton laSre forsworennysse. t'1175 Lamb. Horn. 103 Stale and lesunge, and forsworen esse. 1828 Webster, Forswop'Piness , the state of being forsworn. t Forswou nden, pa. pple. Obs. [pple. of *forswinden vb. = OHG. farswindan (mod.Ger. verschwinden) to swoon.] Implied in Forswu n- denle^c, Forswundenness, indolence, remissness. FORT. 472 FORTH. c 1200 Ormin 2623 Unnlusst & forrswundennle^c Iss Drihhtin swipe unncweme. Ibid. 4736 Himm iss idellnesse la}) & all forrswundennesse. Forswunk : see For- pref . 1 6 b. Fort (foojt), sb. [ Also 6 forthe. [a. F. fort, absol. use oifort adj. : see next.] 1 . Mil. A fortified place; a position fortified for defensive or protective purposes, usually surrounded with a ditch, rampart, and parapet, and garrisoned with troops ; a fortress. I 557~75 Diurn. Occurr. (1833) 52 The forthe of Aymouth [was] decernit to be cassin down. 1568 Grafton C/iron. II. 15 He..builded a forte, where as at thys day standeth newe Castell upon Tyne. 1592 Babington Com/. Notes Gen. vii. § 12 When. .forts, trees, nor any tall towers can saue a man. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 280 Strong forts erected..and strong garrisons maintained in them. 1844 H. H. Wilson Brit. India III. 178 A detachment from the British force .. drove the insurgents out of the fort. 1873 Miss IJraddon L. Davoren Prol. i, To make his way back to a far distant fort in quest of provisions. b. fig. A strong position, stronghold. 1568 Fulwell Like Will to Like (1587) D iv, The forte of Vertue, oh man assaile. 1592 Daniel Compl. Rosamond Wks. (1717) 40 Having but..weak feeble Hands To hold their Honours Fort unvanquished. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. v. § 11 If there were sought in knowledge, .a fort or commanding ground for strife. 1640 Bp. Hall C/ir. Moder. 29/2 Such [parts of the body] as wherein the main fort of life doth not consist. 1708 Brit. Apollo No. 39. 1/2 They look upon this Passage in the Revelations as their strongest Fort. C. In British North America and parts of the U.S.: A trading station (originally fortified). 1776 Adam Smith W. N.y. i. (1869' II. 328 Their, .settle¬ ments and habitations, which they [the Hudson’s Bay Com¬ pany] have honoured with the name of forts. 2 . The place of security (of a wild animal). 1653 Urquhart Rabelais 11. xxvi, A. .roe-buck which was come out of his Fort. 16741 N. Cox Genii. Recreat. 1. (1677) 130 If a Boar intends to abide in his Den, Couch, or Fort. + 3 . Astrol, Obs. 1686 Goad Celest. Bodies 1. xii. 48 Unless the Semisextile on each side, .be reduced to the d » and the Quincunx like¬ wise to the Opposition, as their Matrices, their Forts and Principals ; the Conjunction. .will be found the most insig¬ nificant Aspect in the pack. 4 . Strong part or point. Now written Forte, q.v. 5 . attrib. and Comb., as fort-breach ; fort-crowned adj. ; fort-adjutant, 4 an officer in a garrison who is responsible for its internal discipline, and the appropriation of the men to the several corps 9 ; fort-major, in a fort or fortress, the officer next to the governor or commandant. Also Fort-royal. 1876 Voyle Milit. Diet., *Fort-adjutant. 1649 G. Daniel Trinarch ., Hen. V, cxciii, As they..had found Some *fort- breach. 1894 Daily News 26 Nov. 4/6 The ^fort-crowned heights. 1715 Lond. Gaz. No. 5300/5 *Fort-Major of the said Town. 1844 Regul. <$• Ord. Army 3 Officers employed as Town or Fort Majors. Fort, sb.% (See quot.) 1867 Fry Playing-Card Terms in Philol. Soc. Trans. 56 Fort , an oiled sheet, (usually large enough for twenty cards] formerly used in making the stencilling-plate for stencilling the colors of the court-cards or the pips of the other cards. + Fort, a. Obs. Also 5 forte, [a. F.fort:—L. fori em strong.] Strong, powerful. 13. . K. Alis. 7710 Sampson theo fort, also, Daliada dude him wrong and wo. 14.. Pol. Rel. <5- L. Poems 238 pou most fort wit wele or wo. a 1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 92 Dalide, that was wiff to Sampson forte, c 1450 Lonelich Grail xlii. 471 Which dwk was bothe Riche & fort. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vii. 371 John, .after many fort assautes wanne the sayd castell. c 1611 Chapman Iliad xvii. 112 Why should Fame make thee fort ’gainst our harmes. Fort (fo®.it), v. ? Obs. Also 6 forte, [f. Fort . sA'] trans. To defend or protect with a fortifica¬ tion ; to fortify ; to enclose in a fort; also with in. J 559 In Sir R. Sadlers Papers (1809) II. 185 The Frenches are to take summe other part of the countrey, and forte it. a 1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 406 To forte our tounis .. and to lay sa strang garnisouns of strain- gearis thairin. 1747 in Westfield (Mass.) Jubilee (1870) 132 To Consider what measures to take about forting the Town. 1756 G. Washington Lett. Writ. 1889 I. 360 While you remain, .forted in, as if to defend yourselves were the sole end of your coming. 1757 Ibid. 508 The few families that are forted on the Branch. absol. 1723 in G. Sheldon Hist. Deerfield , Mass. (1895) I. 396 These towns can’t stand the strain upon them to watch and ward, scout and fort without pay. Hence Fo*rted ppl. a. Fcrrting vbl. sb. 1566 Nuce Seneca's Octavia 1. iv, sig. C ij,Through top of fortred [? read forted] towre. 1603 Shaks. Mens, for M. v. i. 12 It deserues .. A forted residence, ’gainst the tooth of time. 1808 J. Barlow Columb. v. 760 They dare oppose Their fielded cohorts to the forted foes. 1756 in G. Sheldon Hist. Deerfield , Mass. (1895) 1 . 647 Voted .. to Consider, .in what..manner to carry on ye forting. ^ t Forta’ke, v. Obs. exc. arch. [f. For- prefix + Take v .] trans. To take away. c 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees^ 263 It was my gylt he was fortayn, And nothing his. [1892 Stopf. Brooke E. E. Lit. I. vii. 153 Famine-death fortook fortitude from men.] Fortalice(fetalis). Forms: 5fortalys,-alyce, fortilitie, 6 fortilesse, fortilage, fortelleze, for- telace, 7, 9 fortiless, 9 -alise, 6- fortalice. [The surviving form, which is also the earliest recorded, is ad. med.L. fortalitia, fortalitium , a derivative of fortis strong; cf. Pr..Sp., Yg.for/aleza,l\..fortalizio } fortilizio, OF .fortelesce (cf. the parallel formation ; forteresce Fortress). Some of the obsolete forms are from Fr. or other Romanic langs.] In early use — Fortress ; by mod. writers chiefly used for: 4 A small outwork of a fortification ’ (W.) ; a small fort. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vm. xxix. 31 Dare-in pai made a Fortalyce. 1494 Act n Hen. VII , c. 18 Any Person .. being in his Service within his Towns and Fertilities of Berwick and Carlyle. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus 11. 847 | With stark draw brig, weil forcit with fortalice. 1590 Spenser F. Q. ii. xii. 43 Nought feard their force, that for¬ tilage to win. 1642 Prynne Sov. Antidote 24 Castles, For¬ tresses, Fortilesses. 1754ERSKINE Princ. Sc. Laiu{ 1809) 181 Fortalices, or small places of strength. 1816 Scott Old Mort. xi, The fortalice thus commanding both bridge and pass. 1870 Echo 9 Nov., We canter off to the as yet un¬ finished fortalice of Des Bordes. transfi and fig. 1826 Scott I Foodst. xxii, This makes Understanding bar himself up within his fortalise. 1830 Marryat Kings 07 un xxxiii, Seymour and Jerry descended from their little for¬ talice aloft. 1884 Mag. of Art Jan. 102 In the circular fortalice on its [an elephant’s] back are troopers with buff coats. 1887 Ruskin Prceterita II. 393 A majestic, but un- j terrific fortalice of cliff, forest, and meadow. For-tattered, -taxed: see Fob -prefO 5b, 6. Forte (fpJt), sb. Also 7-8 fort. [a. F. fort, abso¬ lute use of fort strong : see Fokt a. As in many j other adoptions of Fr. adjs. used as sbs., the fem. ' form has been ignorantly substituted forthe rnasc. ; cf. locale, morale (of an army), etc.] 1 . The strong point (of a person), that in which he excels. 1682 Shadwell Medal Epil. A b, His Fort is, that he is an indifferent good Versificator. 1768 Goldsm. Good-n. Man Epil., Those things are not our forte at Covent Garden. 1805 W. Irving in Life <5- Lett. (1864) I. 158 The artful designing hypocrite is his forte, and in Iago he is admirable. 1870 Miss Bridgman R. Lynne II. xii. 244 Mr. Selwyn had a forte for horse-racing. 2 . Fencing. The strongest part of a sword-blade. ^1648, 1755, 1837, 1879 [see Foible B. 2]. 1692 Sir W. Hope Fencing Master 3 The Strong, Fort, or Prime of the Blade is Measured from the Shell..to the middle of the Blade. 1809 Roland Fencing 3 The sword being supported by the fort of it in your left hand. b .fig. 1772 in Simes Milit. Guide 6 They would more easily discover the fort or foible of their respective commands. 1823 De Quincey Lett. Yng. Man Wks. XIV. 27 A student of mature age must be presumed to be best acquainted.. with his 4 forte ’ and his ‘foible ’. 3 . Pugilism. 1815 Sporting Mag. XLVI. 109 He covered his head with his left hand, went in, and got to his forte. II Forte (ip ^te), a. (adv.) and sb.Mus. [It. = strong, loud L .fortis.] A. adj. (adv.) A musical direc¬ tion indicating a strong, loud tone in performance. Also forte forte very loud. (Abbreviated f., ff.) Also attrib. 1724 Short Explic. For. Words in Mus. Bks. 32 Forte .. is to play or sing loud and strong, and Forte Forte , or FF , is very loud. 1818 in Todd. 1852 Spencer Use Beauty Ess. 1891 II. 373 Forte passages in music must have piano passages to relieve them. 1884 Pall Mall G. 8 Sept. 4/2 The usual jubilant and unsuitable forte chorus. B. sb. 4 Forte * tone ; a 4 forte ’ passage. Also, in the Harmonium, an apparatus used for producing a forte effect. 1759 Sterne Tr. Shandy 1. xxiii, The forte or piano of a certain wind instrument they use. #1774 Fergusson Poems (1845) 5 Banish vile Italian tricks Frae out your quorum Nor fortes wi’ pianos mix. 1883 Athenaeum 28 Apr. 549/3 His tone in the fortes is rather coarse. + Forte, fort, variant of Forto prep, and conj. Obs. Also sometimes standing for for to before an infinitive : see You prep. 11, 11 b. aii’js Cott. Horn. 235 Nas tid . . J>at god ne send gode mzenn his folc forte jelaSie to his rice, a 1225 Ancr. R. 96 3 if eni mon bit fort iseon ou. c 1300 Bcket 86 He 3eode forte awaite what that wonder were. 1307 Elegy Edw. /, ii, A 1 Eng- lond ahte forte knowe, Of wham that song is. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. 11. 4-Teche me the kuynde craft forte knowe the False, c 1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 44 Into his hert fort reche A 1 the clergy undir sonne That we seven clerkes cunne. f Fortee*, V. Obs. [OE. fortton (=OHG./ar- ziuhan, Ger. verzichen ), f. For- pref, I 1 + Hon to draw.] trans. To draw away (to evil); to seduce. a 1000 Crist 270 (Gr.) To })am. .aedelan rice ponan us. .se swearta gsest forteah. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 87 pe fule gost. .forted pat child, .to here wille. a 1250 Prov. /Elfred 334 in O. E. Misc. 122 For hit seyp in the l[e]op as scumes forteop. .pat cold rede is quene red. Forten, obs. form of Fortune v. Forte-piano (f^itepia'nt?), a. (adv.) and sb. [It.; see Forte and Piano.] A. adj. (adv.) A musical direction indicating sudden but transient emphasis ; loud, then imme¬ diately soft. (Abbreviated fp.) + B. sb. The original name of the Pianoforte. 1769 Publ. Advertiser 24 May 4/3 A very large Forte ex [read e or et] Piano in a Harpsichord Carcase. 1771 T. Jef¬ ferson Let. Writ. 1892 I. 395, I have since seen a Forte-piano and am charmed with it. 1824 Diet. Musicians s.v. Bach, The King .. invited Bach to try his forte-pianos made by Silvermann. 1879-80 Grove Diet. Mus. I. 556 Fortepiano —afterwards changed to pianoforte—was the natural Italian name for the new instrument which could give both loud and soft sounds, instead of loud only, as was the case with the harpsichord. b. attrib ., as forte-piano maker, teacher . 1840 Marryat Poor Jack xiii, He must have been a forty piany teacher. 1844 J. W. Croker Guillotine (1853 )47 One Schmidt, a forte-piano maker. Forteyn(e, obs. form of Fortune v. Forth (foajp), adv,, pi*ep., and sb. Forms: 1 fortt, forp, (fordh, forht), 3-4 south, vorth, 3-6 forthe, (3 ford, 4 ferth, forgh), 4-6 furth(e, (5 firth), 5-6 fourthe, 6-7 forrth. [OE. fortl — OFris., OS. forth (Du. voort), MHG. vort (mod. Ger. fort) OTeut. *fu?po- (represented also in Goth, faurpis Further) pre-Teut. *pr‘to-, a de¬ rivative with suffix -to- of the root which appears in Fore adv. Criticized as obsolete by Gray in letter to Dr. Beattie 8 Mar. 1771.] A. adv. 1 . Of movement or direction: Forwards; op¬ posed to backwards. Obs. exc. in back and forth , now only U.S. (?or dial.) = 4 backwards and for¬ wards ’. f Also, with ellipsis of go. Cf. 6 b. c 1000 iELFRic Josh. viii. 20 [Hi] ne mihton Sanon fieon, ne forp ne underbzec. ^1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 155 pat ri3twisnesse may not forp in her vertuouse lyuynge. c 1430 Hymns Virg. 97 While ri3t schal forp, & no mercie. 1535 Coverdale Ezra v. 8 Y e worke goeth fast forth. 1543 T. Basil in Strype Eccl. Mem.l. 1 .383 If his grace go forth as he hath begun, he shall [etc.]. 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. V (an. 3) 49 Eche armye. .beyng in open sight..every man cried furth, furth. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V, 11. ii. 189 Then forth, deare Countrey men. 1607 Dekker & Webster Nortinv. Hoe 1. i, Forth, Son. 1613 T. Jackson Aposl. Creede 1. 196 Lengthning the time by .. vnnecessarie turn¬ ings, backe and forth. 1839 [see Back adv. 13]. 1882 Macm. Mag. XLVI. 203 Back and forth her needle goes. f b. Expressing promptitude or eagerness for action. To set (a person) forth : to urge forward. To make oneself forth : to bestir oneself, prepare. c 1470 Henry Wallace iv. 482 To tak him in thai maid thaim redy ford. Ibid. vm. 752 The knycht Cambell .. At the north 3ett, and Ramsay maid thaim ford. 1553 T. Wilson Rhct. (1580) 67 Good will settyng me forthe with the foremost: I can not chuse but write. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus 11. 209 In euerie Camp the proudest man armait His pray was ay, and maid him euer ford. 12 . Onwards from a specified point; continu¬ ously in one direction ; without deviation or inter¬ ruption. So right forth (see Right a.) ; Forth on. 847 Charter HZ the lwu If in O. E. Texts 434 From daem stane ford on done herepad on done die. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 171 Fram pe on ende of engelond vorp to pe other end. 1424 E. E. Wills (1882) 61 And panne forth as hit is a-fore declared. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 292 The seconde parte, that ys from Laudamus te furthe to the ende. 1535 Coverdale Ezck.x i.14 From the wildernesse offDeblat forth. + b. Appended to another adv., giving the addi¬ tional notion of 4 for some distance in the specified direction, everywhere in the specified locality \ as beneath-, within -, without-forth (for quots. see those words) ; also about-forth, for some distance round; otherwise forth , in all other respects. Obs. c 1400 Lanfranc s Cirurg. 223 Whanne pou wolt kuttepis enpostym, pou schalt but kutte abouteforp in pe skyn. 1587 Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1955/2 He would. .not onelie restore him to his former libertie, but otherwise forth be readie to pleasure him. + c. In early ME. forth mid, later forth with — 4 along with’. Also absol., along with him, them, etc.: at the same time with something else. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 117 penne losiacS fcle saulen and he seolf for '5 mid for his tjemelesle. Ibid. 123 penne bid he gredi pes eses and forswole3e& pene hoc ford mid pan ese. a 1200 Moral Ode 90 in E. E. P. (1862) 28 To heuenriche he scullen, ford mid vre drihte. c 1325 Know Thyself 95 ibid. 132 Amende pe mon euene forp mydde. _ c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. p 345 There is also costlewe furringe in hir gounes. .forth with the superfluitee in lengthe of the for- seide gownes. 1460 Lybeaus Disc. 1474 (Kaluza) Forp wip pe scholder bon His ri}t arm fell anoon Into pe feld. f d. Forth with that: at the same moment that. Cf. Forth withal and Forthwith. Obs. 1541 R. Copland Galyen's Terap. 2 A iv, The ende of the bathynge .. shalbe forth with that the partycle becometh ruddy and ryse in a lumpe. 3 . Of extent in time: Onwards, immediately after¬ wards and continuously. Now only in phrases fro 7 n this twie (day, etc.) forth (somewhat arch.), and in combs. Henceforth, Thenceforth, etc. + Always forth : continually, ever more and more, so ever forth, aye forth (OE. a ford), for which see Ever, Aye. a 700 F.pinal Gloss. 529 In dies crudesceret : a fordh. c 1230 Hali Meid. 25 pa*t ladliche beast leaueS & last ford, a 1300 CursorM. 3758 In dew and gress sere o porth Sal be pi blissing fra no forth, a 1450 Le Morte A rth. 1668 In the castelle thay gan forthe lende. 1535 Coverdale Haggai ii. 10 Considre then from this daye forth. 1559 Fecknam in Strype Ann. Ref I. App. ix. 24 Which of them bothe is .. allwayes forth one and agreeable with it self. 1577 Holinshed Scot.Chron. I. 394/2 The King .. assigned hir foorth sufficient reuenewes. 1601 Shaks. Jul. C. iv. iii. 48 From this day forth, lie vse you for my Mirth. 1611 Bible Ps. cxiii. 2 Blessed be the nzime of the Lord: from this time forth. 1850 Dickens Childs Dream Star , Househ. Wds. I. 25 From that hour forth, the child looked out upon the star as on the Home he was to go to. ■f b. Expressing continuity or progreSsiveness ol action ; joined to a verb, and giving the sense 4 to go on doing ’ what the verb denotes. Cf. on. Obs. FORTH. 473 FORTH. BeowulFZ.) 048 Heald forS tela niwe sibbe ! O. E. Chron. an. 534 (Laud MS.) Cynric. .rixade forJ> xxvi wintra. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6576 pat water dude uor|> is kunde & wax euere uaste. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1725) 174 If he forth has grace, as he now bigynnes. c 1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 135 Possessioners may holden forj>e here seculer lordischipis. 1399 Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 371 Beholde the book onys. .and if 3e savere sum delle, se it fforth overe. 1428 E. E. Wills (1882) 8ij I woll that myne Executours. .parfourme forth my deuouaciouns forth as I was wonte. 1477 Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictcs 7 b, Pray him of his merci he wol kepe you forthe. 1542 Recorde Gr. A ties C iv b, Whiche, after you haue well practysed, then maie you learne forth. 1563 Homilies 11. Agst. Idolatry m. (1859) 216 If you read on forth, it expoundeth itself, a 1615 Brieue Cron. Erlis of Ross (1850) 17 He bigged furth the Dortour. 1808 Scott Alarm. 11. xxx, Now, men of death, work forth your will. + c. To make forth {long, longer) : to protract. *565-73 Cooper Thesaurus , Contexere longius .. I might make forth this verse longer. 1611 Shahs. Cymb. iv. ii. 149 The Boy Fideles sickenesse Did make my way long forth. + d. Further, moreover, also. Obs. c 1315 Shoreham 9 Ne mede ne forthe no other licour That chaungeth wateres kende, Nelongeth nau3t to cristen- dom. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 34 My lorde the kynge, and dere quene, and forth alle ye that here stande. + 4. At or to an advanced point: a. of position or progress. Obs. a 1225 Ancr. R. 374 Monie }>et beoS ful uorS iSe weie touward heouene. <11300 Cursor M. 11027 (Gott.) Eliza¬ beth, J>at wele forth stadd. Ibid. 11203 (Cott.) f>an was sco gan sua forth, J>at mild, pat sco was at hir time o child. < 1400 Maundev. (1839) xvii. 180 More forthe toward the parties septemtrioneles: it [the North Pole] is 62 Degrees. t b. of time. Forth days, nighte ; forth in with even : late in the day, night, or evening. Obs. a 1300 Birth of Jesus 576 in Altengl. Leg. (Horstm.) 91 Vorp ni3te hit was. 1388 Wyclif Mark vi. 35 Whanne it was forth daies [cum hora multa fieret ], his disciplis camen. a 1400 Sir Perc. 825 Tille one the morne at forthe dayes, He mett a wyche. a 1400-50 A lexander 3055 pen quen pai fange to 3e fli3t was furth in with euyn. 1470-85 Malory Arthur xx. v. 804 Or it be forth dayes. 5 . Forward, into view. Only with such verbs as bring , come, show , put , etc.: see the verbs. <■900 tr. Baeda's Hist. v. xiv. [xiii.] (1890) 438 pa teah heora oSer forS fasgre boc. c 1050 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia VIII. 298, & forS staepo wel orglice binnan feower wintrum. c 1200 Ormin 3078, & ec he droh patt wittness forp Off Ysay3ess lare. c 1340 Cursor M. 11988 (Fairf.) He .. oper childer forp hit kid. 1388 Wyclif 2 Sam. vi. 6 Oza helde forth the hond to the arke of God. 1551 T. Wilson Logike (1580) 3 b, A question is either a worde or sentence put foorthe, as when I aske what suche thyng is. 1692 E. Walker Epictetus' Mor. xx, If tis nigh, Stretch forth your Hand, take share with Modesty. 1719 Young Busiris 1. i, This day the court shines forth in all its lustre. 1872 Jen- kinson Guide Eng. Lakes [ 1879) 159 Skiddaw, which stands forth in all its majesty. + b. with ellipsis of come or go. Forth with — come forth with, (come) out with, utter. Obs . c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 139 He my3te forp wip no word. 1551 Robinson tr. More's Utop. To Rdr. (Arb.) 19 To Imprintinge it came.. against my wyll. Howebeit.. perceau- ing therfore none other remedy, but that furth it shoulde. 6. Away or out from a place of origin, residence, or sojourn. c 1000 vElfric Exod. xiii. 19 Alaedap mine ban forp mid eow. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 5 pat folc eode par ford to processiun to munte oliueti. C1250 Gen. <5* Ex. 113 ForS glod SisoSer dais ni3t. a 1300 Fall $ Passion 47 in E. E. P. (1862) 14 God is angle anon forp send, c 1400 Destr. Troy 2984 Sho . .Hade horn radly arayed for pe rode furth. 1596 Shahs. Tam. Shr. v. ii. 104 Swinge me them soundly forth vnto their husbands. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 104 In form of Battel drawn, they issue forth. 1771 Beattie Minstrel 1. iii, Nor need I here describe. .How forth the Minstrel far’d in days of yore. 1852 Miss Yonge Cameos I. i. 5 The Vikings, .sailed fearlessly forth. b. with ellipsis of go. Now arch, c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 81 Nu is pes deakne forpe. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 309 Nolengersuld pei bide, bot forth & stand to chance. 1481 Caxton Godfrey clix. 234 The goyng forth of therle of tholouse .. caused them moche to haue the wyll forth. 1607 Shahs. Cor. 1. iii. 99 Indeed, I will not foorth. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. vii. iv, Maternity must forth to the streets, i860 W. Collins Antonina xii, The slaves, .are forth to pursue me. f 7 . Of position : Abroad ; not at home ; in the field; at sea. Cf. Abroad 3 and 4. Obs. 14.. Chalmerlain Ayr (Sc. Stat. I), Alswele induellande as furth duelland. 1590 Shahs. Com. Err. 11. ii. 212 Say he dines forth. 1596 — Merch. V. 1. i. 15 Had I such venture forth. 1598 — Merry W. 11. ii. 276 At that time.. her husband will be forth. 1607 — Cor. 1. iii. 108 The Volcies haue an Army forth. j- 8. In senses 5 and 6, the adv. was formerly used in many idiomatic combinations with verbs, where for the most part out is now substituted. Obs. c 1430 Two Cookery-bks. i. 23 Coloure it with Safroun, an sethe an serue forth. 1513 Douglas VEneis xiii. Prol. 164 Furth quynchinggan the starris, one be one. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 770 The fetching forth of this noble man..out of that place. 1584 Vestry Bks. (Surtees) 16 Laid forthe by the foresaid churchwardens, .vij s. vj d. 1593 Tell-Troth's N. V. Gift 34 New conceites are easly remoued but engrauen thoughtes will not be rubbed forth. 1590 Shahs. Com. Err. iv. iv. 98 Say, wherefore didst thou locke me forth to-day. 1593. — 3 Hen. VI, 11. i. 12, I.. watcht him how he singled Clifford forth. 1596 — Merch. V. 1. i. 143 To finde the other forth. 1611 Bible Transl. Pref. 1 He gaue foorth, that hee had not seene any profit. 1659 D. Pf.ll Impr. Sea 280 If they finde them so doing, they will blow them [candles] forth. 1688 R. Holme Vol. IV. Artnoury iii. 182/1 The Library Keeper is.. to keep the Books clean, to lend none forth. 9 . Phraseological combinations. a. Forth of = out of in various senses. Now only poet, or rhetorical , and only in lit. sense ex¬ pressive of motion from within a place. In 16-17th c. occas. f from forth of. + Forth of door {s, forth adoors: out of doors; see Adoors. + Forth of hand =out of hand, at once. c 1500 Doctry. Gd. Serz>aunts (Percy Soc.) 8 Whan your mayster is forth of towne. 1513 Douglas VEneis iii. viii. 26 Furth of his eft schip a bekyn gart he stent. 1537 Pole Let. to King in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. App. lxxxii. 203 There was never man.. that by offence was forth of the grace & favor of God. 1552-3 Inv. Ch. Goods , Staffs, in Ann. Lichfield IV. 51 Thes parcells followynge were stolne furthe of the sayd churche at Cristmas. 1564 Haward Eutropius v. 51 They shuld be all slaine forthe ofhande. c 1592 Marlowe Massacre Paris iii. iii, I’ll, .root Valois his line from forth of France. 1594 Shahs. Rich. Ill , iv. iv. 176 Humfrey Hower. .call’d your Grace To Breakefast once, forth of my company. 1607 Wilkins Miseries Enforct Marr. v, Off with your coate then, get you forth a dores. 1614 North Riding Rec. (1884) It- 54 A woman presented for that she will not sell anie of her ale forth of doores except it [etc.]. 1622 in Picton L'pool Mimic. Rec. (1883) I. 212 Forth of his wayges. .soe much money shall be abated. 1632 Rowley Woman never vext iv. 59 My .. Vncle [being] poore, I him relieving was thrust forth of dores. 1633 T. James Voy. 61 Forth adores we could not go. 1671 J. Webster Metallogr. i. 14 A Roman Hermit, whore Writings were translated forth of the Arabick Language into Latine. 1751 Affect. Narr. Wager 63 He threw his Pistol aside, and came forth of the Tent. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 49 He who is exiled forth of the land, endures his punishment at home. 1867 Swinburne in Fortn. Rev. Nov. 541 Flee from the foot of the lion, .forth of his den. b. And so forth, f {a) And then onwards; and then in regular sequence. + {b) And similarly (in the remaining cases); usually followed by of (OE. be), (c) Now used only (like and so on) in breaking off an enumeration, quotation, etc.: And the like, etcetera. Formerly also, + or so forth. (a) c 1000 iELFRic Gram. xxv. (Z.) 144 And swa forp. c 1290 Y. Eng. Leg. 1 .473/400 To his schyp he wende: and so forz (read forp] in pe se. c 1340 Cursor M. 6122 (Fairf.) At the kyng he first by-gan And so forth slow beste & man. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xiv. 159 Moche murthe in Maye is amonges wilde bestes, And so forth whil somer lasteth her solace dureth. 1551 Recorde Pathw. Knowl. 11. lvi, If a line bee drawen by bothe their centres, and so forthe in lengthe. 1^74 Whitgift Def. Anszu. iii. i. 9 Looke at the 2. Admonition especially, and so foorth, where [etc.]. (b) c 1000 Starcraft fr. Baeda 4 in Sax. Leechd. III. 250 And swa forS be Sam oSrum. C1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xxx. 137 A Kynges porter, .anoper sewer, anoper marschall, and so furth of all oper officez pat langes till his courte. 1450-1530 Alyrr. our Ladye 3 Why an hympne ys callyd an hympne .. why an Antempne is callyd an Antempne and so fourth of other. ? <21500 Wycket (1828) 4 They spared not the sonne of God. .and so forth of the apostels and martirs. (c) 1574-5 Abp. Parker Corresp. (1853) 474, I toy out my time, partly with copying of books, .partly in genealogies, and so forth. 1602 Shahs. Ham. 11. i. 61 Videlicet, a Brothell, or so forth. 1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals ill. 1. 239 These were such as declar'd him a Heretick. .a Profaner, and so forth. 1745 P. Thomas JrnT. Anson's Voy. 44 Some Jewels, abun¬ dance of Gold and Silver Twist, and so forth. 1816 Keat¬ inge Trav. (1817) II. 155 Coal beds..piscatory exuviae, and so forth. 1841 Macaulay Let. Napier in Trevelyan Life (1876) II. ix. 127 This lady, .called the Marquis of Hertford * Earl of Hertford ’, and so forth. J* c. As or so forth: as or so far, to such an extent or degree {as, that). Cf. Far-forth. a 1000 Ags. Laws, Oaths xi, Swa forS swa uncre word- ecwydu fyrmest waeron. <1x225 Leg. Kath. 2304 3 e f u .. wult greten ure godes ase forS as pu ham hauest igremet. <<1225 Juliana 15 pat tu hauest wiS ute me se ford pi luue ileuet pat [etc.]. Ibid. 47 And wurche his wil ouer al ase ford as imei. c 1386 Chaucer Ma?i of Lazo's Prol. 19 (Harl. MS.) Lesep no tyme, as forpe as 3e may. B. prep. + 1 . Forward to, up to, to the extent or limit of. Chiefly with even : see Emforth, Even-forth. Also in conjunctional phrase, Forth that : until. c 888 K. jElfred Boeth. xxxviii. § 5 On cnihthade and swa forp eallne Sonne ^iogophad. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 91 ForS pet ic alegge pine feond under pine fot-sceomele. C1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 87 ForS pat hie understonden wurldes wit. c 1449 Pecock Repr. 52 The processis forth and afore the textis ligging. Ibid. 1. xvii. 100 The processis forth and aftir, bifore and behinde, where thilke textis ben writun. 2 . Forward, out or away from; out of, from out of. Now rare. 1566-75 Painter Pal. Pleas. (1813) II. 114 In saying so, the teares gushed forth hir eyes. 1594 Daniel Cleopatra 11. i, And forth her trembling Hand the Blade did wrest. 1595 Hunnis Joseph 5 They stript him forth his party cote. 1670 P. Henry Diaries <5- Lett. (1882) 231 [He] went forth his Desk. 1678 Otway Friendship in Fash. v. (1736) 107 Discharge them of their punishment, and see 'em forth the gates. 1814 Cary Dante (Chandos) 210 Never fire, With so swift motion, forth a stormy cloud, Leap'd downward. 1864 Blackmore Clara Vaughan xxxiv, The brambled quarry standing forth the trees. b. Preceded by from. a 1592 Marlowe & Nashe Dido 11. i, Poor Troy .. From forth her ashes shall advance her head. 1598 Shahs. Merry W. iv. iv. 53 Let them from forth a saw-pit rush at once. 1671 Milton Samson 922 That I may fetch thee From forth this loathsome prison-house. 1820 Keats St. Agnes xxx, He from forth the closet brought a heap Of candied apple. + C. sb. In phrase, To have one's forth : to have outlet; fig. to have free course, to have one’s ‘ fling \ Hence ( rarely) as independent sb.: Free course, wide publicity. Obs. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. m. 153 Lettep so faste, pat Feip may not han bus forp. 1496 Dives <$• Paup. (W. de W.) VIII. vii. 329/1 These men of fawe. .for mede withdrawe them to. .lette falsehede haue his forth. 1567 Jewell A Pol. 327 Wee. .geeue God thankes, that, .hath published, .the name of his Sonne in euery place. .The foorth, and force thereof greeueth you nowe. .as it did. .your Fathers, .that cried.. All the worlde renneth after him. 1597 J- Ring On Jonah ( T 599 ) 362 Thorough Propontis, where the sea is patent againe, and hath his forth. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxii. § 8 The Church..was contented to let Donatists haue their foorth by the space of threescore yeares. 1611 Speed Hist. Gi. Brit. ix. viii. §32 Obstacles, .which all must be done and voided before the Pope can haue his full forth. D. Forth- in composition. In OE. and ME. the combinations of forth adv. with vbs. are hardly to be considered compound words; whether the adv. precedes or follows the vb. depends on euphonic or other conditions which do not affect the sense. The agent-nouns, nouns of action, and ppl. adjs. corresponding to these verbal locutions were formed by prefixing forth to the verbal noun or adj. corre¬ sponding to the verb. In mod. Eng. compound vbs. formed with forth- are rare; but forth- is often used as a prefix in the formation of nouns of agent and action, and ppl. adjs. corresponding to the verbal phrases (compound verbs in sense but not in form) in which the adv. follows the verb. More frequently, however, the agent-noun, etc. is followed by the adv.; thus we have a setter forth, but *forthsetter is app. not recorded. For the formation of ppl. adjs. the prefix is the only means available; and in poetry from Pope onwards it is very common in pres, pples. In some OE. and ME. words, forth- appears as a substi¬ tute for Fori;-: see Forthfather, Forthward,Forthwith2. The more important compounds of forth- will be treated in their alphabetical place as Main words; those enumerated in this article are nonce-words or of rare occurrence. 1 . Verbs; as fortli-leap, -throw, and renderings of Lat. vbs. with pro-, as forth-cut, -follo'v, -look. 1382 Wyclif Isa. xxviii. 24 Whether al day shal ere the erere, that he sowe and “forth kutten [Vulg . proscindct\ and purge his erthe. a 1300 E. E. Psalter lxviii. 27 [lxix. 26) For wham bou smate, *forth-filiyhed [Vulg. persecuti sunt] fa. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. C. 154 Mony ladde her “forth-lep to laue & to kest. a 1300 E. E. Psalter lxxxiv. 12 [Ixxxv. 11] Fra heven “forth-loked [Vulg. prospe.xit\ rightwisenes. 1557 Tottells Misc. (Arb.) 195 To stay my life pray her “furththrowe swete lokes whan I complaine. 2 . Nouns : a. vbl. sbs.; as forth-carrying, -flow¬ ing, -giving, \-living, -shedding, -shining, -stretch¬ ing. Also, f forth-getting, a shoot, sprout; + forth-growing, an outgrowth. b. nouns of action ; as, fortli-flow, -look, + -progress, -roll, \-speed. c. agent-nouns, as forth-speaker. 1716 in IVodraw Corr. (1843) II. 137 The old..woman., died in the *forth-carrying. 1870 J. Duncan Colloq. Peripat. 138 The *forthflow of the one life of the Universe. 1886 A. B. Bruce Miraculous Elem. Gosp. vii. 258 The “forth- flowing of that love. 1382 Wyclif Jer. v. 10 Doth awei his *forthgetingus [Vulg. propagines\ for thei ben not the Lordis. 1887 L. Parks His Star in East ii. 52 The crea¬ tion of a father is the “forthgiving of a father’s life. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 40b, In the top of (the braunches of Lithospermon) is ther a double “furthgrowyng or a double thyng growing out. ? c 1450 MS. St. John's Coll. Oxon (No. 117 fo. 123b) in Maskell Mon. Rit. III. 356 Loke thi beginning of thi lif, care and sorwe : thi *fo[r]thliuing, tra- uail .. and disese. 1865 A. B. Grosart Mem. H. Palmer 43 A worn, wistful, sad “forth-look that is unspeakably touching, c 1475 Partenay 3199 To thys “forth-progresse Geffray made redy. 1891 G. Meredith One 0/our Conq. 1 . viii. 144 The noble “forthroll of the notes. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 254 His great eflfusyon or “forthshedynge of his blode. 1875 E. White Life in Christ 11. xi. (1878) 121 The full “forthshining of the light came only with the Christ. 1873 D. Fraser Synopt. Led. III. 2 The prophet, or “forth-speaker. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vi. clxix. 162 Which tydynges lettyd hym of his “forth spede in that iourney. c 1400 tr. Secreta Secret ., Gov. Lordsh. (E. E. T. S.) 69 “Forth-strechynge of Jie membres makys stalworth \>e body. 3 . Adjectives and participles: a. Pres, pples. and ppl. adjs., as forth-beaming, -flowing, -giving, -gleaming, -issuing, -standing ; also + forth- werpand, casting out. b. Pass, pples., as \forth- fet, -f-sent; also, + forth-grown, brought up; t forth-stra^t, stretched out ( = Lat. directs). 1725 Pope Odyss. xiii. 501 Nor longer in the heavy eye¬ ball shined The glance divine, *forth-beaming from the mind, c 1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 2440 Anon hys sone was *forthe fete And ladde ther he schulde dee. 1866 R. S. Candlish i st Ep. John xxvii. 306 Is all clear and open free and *forthflowing between thee and him. 1883 Life Mrs. Prentiss ix. 290 She was peculiarly free and..*forthgiving. a 1835 Mrs. Hemans Eng. Alart. i, Rolls like a furling banner, from the brows Of the *forth-gleaming hills. C1400 Test. Love 1. Chaucer’s Wks. (1532) 331 b, The cytie of London, .in whiche I was * forthe growen. 1725 Pope Odyss. xx. 181 To the sage Greeks convened in Themis’ court, *Forth-issuing from the dome, the prince repaired. 1611 W. Sclater Key (1628) To Reader, My desire was to haue *forth-sent them with greater company and better furniture. 1715-20 Pope Iliad x iii. 93 Asa Falcon .. *Forth-springing FORTH. 474 FORTHGANG, instant, darts her self from high. 1866 Blackmore Cradock Nowell xlvii, The pupils *forthstanding haggardly. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus. xxxix. 29 The weies of it to the vveies of them ben *forth strait, a 1300 E. E. Psalter xvifi]. n Me um gaf nou me *forth werpand [Vulg. projicientes], + Forth, v. Obs. Forms: 1 forftian (also seforttian: see Afford), 2-4 forthen, 3 Orm. forthenn, 5 forthe. [OE .forth’an, f. Forth adv. ; formally, it corresponds to L. portare to carry.] 1 . trans. To accomplish, carry out; also, to man¬ age to (do something). See Afford i, 2, and 3. O. E. Chron. an. 675 (Laud MS.) Hwilc man swa hauecS behaten to faren to Rome, and he ne muge hit fonMan. c 1200 Ormin 212 pu shallt ben dumb Till f>att itt shall ben forpedd. a 1225 Juliana 67 For 5 e al pi feaders wil pes feondes of helle. 1340-70 Alex. 4* Dind. 570 Of more make }e avaunt, pan 3e mowe forpen. a 1400-50 Alexander 1774 Vnneth may pou forthe pine awen caitefe cors to clethe, & to fede. c 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 45 Alle that I say I shalle forthe. 2 . To put forward, offer. £1200 Trui. Coll. H 077 i. 43 Vnderstonde we .. his holie wordes, and forpe [proferamus] we him ure rihte bileue. Forth(e, obs. f. Ford. Fortham, -than : see Forth*on. For that, conj. Also 7 for that that. [See For prep. 21 b.] 1 . For the reason that, because, arch. £1200 Ormin 3826 pa wakemenn to frofrenn Forr patt hi wisste wel patt te}3 Off himm fordraedde waerenn. a 1250 Owl 4* Night. 365 And seist for pat ich fleo bi nihte pat ich ne mai iseo bi lihte. £1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 14 In moiste bodies for pat pe smale lymes ben feble. 1598 Shaks. Merry IV. m. iv. 82 For that I love your daughter. .1 must advance the colours of my love. 1620 J. Wilkinson Coroners 4* Shemfes 1 The Statute of Westminster, .rehearseth, For that that people of small condition, .be. .chosen[etc.]. 1641 J. Shute Sarah 4* Hagar (1649) IJ 6 For that her mistress had corrected her, her stomack riseth against it. 1782 Cowper Gilpin 26 For that wine is dear, We will be fur¬ nish’d with our own. 1894 Yellow Bk. I. 67 It is hard to trace folly, for that it is inconsequent, to its start. U The mod. use of for that in reported speech (when both words are conjs.) is to be distinguished from the above. 1774 Goldsm. Grecian Hist. II. 8 The courier conjured him .. that he should read them forthwith, for that they contained matter of great importance. 1821 Keats Lamia 306 Bidding him raise His drooping head ..For that she was a woman. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. (1889) II. xvii. 282 He had told them to go to their supper.. for that nothing more would be done that day. 1873 Tristram Moab i. 6 That we were needlessly encumbering ourselves, for that., rice might be procured, .in the villages. + 2 . For the purpose that; in order that. Obs. c 1200 Ormin 1019 patt wa^herifft wass hengedd taer, Forr that itt hidenn shollde All [etc.]. 13.. Guy Wamu. (A.) 146 Al folk he dede him loue, For pat noman schuld him schoue. 1428 in Surtees Misc. (1890) 7 For p 1 pair praiers suld stand John Lyllyng to availl. 1572 R. H. tr. Lauaterus' Ghostes (1596) 104, I thought good to repeate these things .. the rather for that the reader might see, that [etc.]. t Forthbea’r, v. Obs. [OE.fordberanf. Forth adv. + beran to Bear.] trans. a. In OE.: To bring forth, produce, b. To bear forth, bring out. c. To promote, uphold. £ 900 tr. Baida's Hist. 1. vii. (1890) 34 pone aeSelan Alba- num seo waestmberende Bryton for< 5 bereS. c 1305 St. Edmund King 85 in E. E. P. (1862) 89 pe wolf makede po deol ynou3, po hi pat heued forpbere. £1400 tr. Secreta Secret ., Gov. Lordsh. (E. E. T. S.) 55 Ouer alle pinges it fallys to a kynge. .to forthbere religious men. + Fo rthbirth. Obs. rare - 1 . =Forbirth b. a 1300 Cursor M. 6122 (Gott.) He. .pe forth-birth [ Cott. forbirth] slow bath [best] and man. t Forthbrrng, V. Obs. [OE. ford bringan, f. Forth adv. + bringan to Bring.] trans. =bring forth in various senses: a. To bear (offspring, fruit); to bring to pass. b. To bring forward; to bring out, utter, c. To bring up, rear. a. 971 Blickl. Horn. 37 Ealle pa wsestmas pe eorpe forp- bringep. #1300 Cursor M. 384 pe dri [he] cald erth pat lauerd kyng, and bad it gress and frut forthbring. Ibid. 10722 Of rote of iesse par suld spring A wand pat suld a flur forth bring. 1340 Hamrole Pr. Co7isc. 5866 Sons and doghtirs pat pai forthebroght. c 1460 Tow7ieley Myst. (Surtees) 1 After my wille this is furth broght. b. £ xooo Ags. Gosp. Luke vi. 45 Yfel man of yfelum gold- horde yfel forpbringp. £1305 St. Edmund Conf. 570 in E. E. P. (1862) 86 He sat longe in po3te, & al laringe an eng- lisch Puse wordes forp bro^te. c 1325 Songe of Deo Gracias 5 ibid. 124, I sepj a clerk a boke forthe brynge. £1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 3116 The childe was forthe broght. C. £ 1430 Syr Gc7ier. 879 From a childe she him forth broght. Hence Forthbringing 1 vbl. sb. } the action of the vb.; f esp. the carrying forth of a body for burial. AlsoForthbri-nger, one who, or that which, brings forth or produces. 1398 Trevisa Bai-th. De P. R. vm. i. (1495) 296 Though the worlde seme fader and forthbrynger and feder ofbodyes. 1429 Wills Sf Div. N. C. (Surtees 1835) 78, I wylle yat eu’y prest seculer. .haue. .to be at my dirges and forthbryngyng j noble. 1546 Bale E7ig. Votaries 1. (1548) 17 b, Saynt Kentigeme.. had.. a fayre mayde to his forthebrynger. 1584 La7ic. 4 * Chesh. Wills (1884) 98 After my forth bringinge, the rest of my goodes to be devided equaly to my wif and Children. 1874 Pusey Lent. Serm. 12 The forerunner and forthbringer of the next week’s or next month's deadly sin. 1889 Athenaeum 7 Sept. 321/1 The success of the book depending so largely upon its artistic forthbringing. t Forthby, adv. Obs. =Forby adv. 1 b. ci 386 Chaucer Pardoners T. 34o(Harl. MS.) What corps is [this] pat passeth her forp by? 14.. Lydg. Tet 7 iplc Glas 230 Forth-bi as he doppace. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 84 b/i Seuen deuylles .. which slew all them that passed forthby. £1489 — Sonnes of Aymon xxviii. 586 Thenne cam a pylgrym forthby. t ForthcaTl, v. Obs. rare. [f. Forth adv. + Call v.] trans. a. To provoke ; = L. provocare. b. To call or summon forth. a 1300 E. E. Psalter lxxvii[i]. 58 In par graves at nithe pai forth-kalled him als. 1748 Thomson Cast. I7idol. 11. xii. Forth-calling all with which boon earth is fraught. t Forthca*st, v. Obs. [f. Forth adv. + Cast v.] trans. To cast forth. a 1300 E. E. Psalter xlix. [ 1 .] 17 pou. .forth-keste mi saghes hind-ward pare, a 1340 Hampole Psalter xvi. 12 Forth- kastand me now pai haf vmgifen me. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk 4- Selv. 120 When motion is shifted or begotten in the thing mov’d or forthcast. Hence + Forthcast ppl. a. Also f Forthcast sb., a thing cast forth, a projectile. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk 4* Selv. 122 This comes not home to the business of forthcast things. Ibid. 129 Only herein the motion that nature gives, is unlike to that which we bequeath to forthcasts. + Forthcle’pe, v. Obs. [OE. forpdipian, f. Forth adv. + clipian , Clepe v.] trans. To call forth, invite forward. Also, to incite, provoke. ? £ 1000 Gal. v. 26 (Lye) Forpclypiend us betwynan, Pro- vocantes invicem. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 231 3 e f he frend were me hine sceolde derewrhce forS clepien. 1382 Wyclif Deut. xxxii. 11 As an egle forthclepynge hisbryddis to flee. t Fo’rthcome, sb. Obs. rare. [f. Forth adv. + OE. cyme. Come jA 1 ] A coming forth. £ xooo ./Elfric Gen. xxxviii. 28 On Ssera cilda forpcyme. a 1300 E. E. Psalter civ. [cv.] 38 Fained es Egipt in forth- come of am. Forthcome (foQjpkp-m), v. [f. Forth adv.+ Come v.~\ intr . To come forth. Now only as an occasional back-formation from the ppl. a. : To be forthcoming. a 1000 Caedmon's Gen. 122 (Gr.) Metod. .heht. .leoht forS- cuman. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc . 713 Man .. als a flour bright, First forth comes here til pis light, And es sone broken and passes away. 1848 Kingsley Saint's Trag. 11. vii, This food forthcomes not. 1886 Spectator 2 Jan. 12/1 If funds be forthcoming (and. .funds will forthcome). Hence Forthco’me ppl. a., that has come forth or been issued. Also Forthco’mer. 1812-14 Sir R. Wilson in Sat. Rev. f II. 384/1 Their quantity and quality astonish the Prussians, and gain the English many a gaze as forthcomers from a country where [etc. ]. 1827 Lamb Let. to B. Barton in Life 4- Lett. xvi. Wks. (1865) 50 A forthcome or coming review of foreign books. 1840 New Monthly Mag. LVIII. 497 The last forthcomer from Paternoster-row, or Albemarle-street. 1863 Masson in Reader 7 Nov. 527/3 [Books] no longer forthcoming, but actually forthcome within the last few days. Forthcoming (fo*ipkz?-miq), vbl. sb. [f. Forth adv. + Coming vbl. sb. 1 ] 1 . A coming forth; esp. + appearance in court. 1533 More Apol. xxxvii. Wks. 903/1 He woulde .. rather ..suffer them [his harmes] paciently, then to..proue them with his forth comming againe. 1591 Child Marriages (1897) 149 Richard Wilson vndertaketh for the furth-coming of Robert Kirks. 1640 Order of Lords in Rushw. Hist. Coll. hi. (1692) 1 .127 The Lords ordered him to give 10000/. Bail for his forth-coming. 1703 J. Logan in Pa. Hist. Soc. Meiii. IX. 224 Take security of them for their..forth¬ coming when called for. 1822-34 Good Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 353 He had notice of their [i. e. the worms’] forth-com¬ ing by a sense of heat in the urinary canal. 1856 C. J. Andersson Lake Ngami 362 My other waggons, .had not yet arrived .. Whilst abiding their forthcoming, I busied myself in mapping. 2 . Sc. Law. See quot. 1861 and cf. Forthcoming ppl. a. 1 b. 1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 36 In forthcomings, in poindings of the ground, in mails and duties. 1861 W. Bell Diet. Law Scotl ., Forthcoming , is the action by which an arrestment is made available to the arrester. 1886 Act 49 Viet. c. 23 § 3 Such winding up shall. .be equivalent to an arrestment in execution and decree of forthcoming. Forthcoming (foerpk^-miq), ppl. a. [f. Forth adv. + Comtng ppl. a.] 1 . About to or likely to come forth ; also simply , coming or approaching (in time) ; esp. ready to appear or be produced when required, at one’s disposal or within one’s reach, 1 get-at-able Said both of persons and things. + To keep (a person) forthcoming : to keep in safe custody. + To see (a person) forthcoming'. ? to make amenable to control. X 5 2I_ 3 2 Bp. Longland in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. in. xcv. 248 That he be forth comyng to his answere when your Grace shall commaund. 1565-73 Durhain Deposit. (Surtees) 219 To arreste the said Isabell. .and to kepe her furthcom- yng unto the morning. 1621 Burton A7iat. Mel. 1. i. 11. vii, Memory layes up all the species which the senses have brought in and records them as a good register that they may be forth coming when they are called for. a 1635 Naunton Fragin. Reg. (Arb.) 17 If you think to rule here, I will take a course to see you forth-coming. 1640-1 Kirk- cudbr. War-Comni. Min. Bk. (1855) 80 To .. find sufficient suretie that the samen shall be furth-cumand to the publict. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. iv. § 151 The Members should be forth coming assoon as a Legal Charge should be pre¬ ferred against them. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk 4* Selv. 170 His everlasting Essence, .must be forth-coming. 1795 Ld. Auckland Corr. (1862) III. 354, I am forthcoming any day except Monday next. 1829 Lytton Disowned 3 When neither Canary, Palermo, nor Sherry are forthcoming. 1859 Lang Wand. India 270 He had forgotten all about the forthcoming execution. 1893 Law Tillies XCIV. 601/1 Possible but never forthcoming claimants. b. Sc. Law in phrase to make forthcoming. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 24 The ordinator .. is bound .. to finde and make fortheumand to him ane bondman. 1693 V'ct Stair Instit. 111. i. § 36. 374 This action for making Sums or Goods arrested forthcoming is ordinary. 2 . Ready to make or meet advances, rare. 1835 T. Moore Mem. (1856) VII. 81 Nothing could be more frank or forthcoming than his manner. 1885 L. Malet Col. Enderby's Wife m. vi, She was extremely gracious and forthcoming; but one might detect a certain watch¬ fulness and hardness behind her genial manner. Hence Forthco mingiiess. 1808 Bentham Sc. Ref. 21 Means of securing forthcoming¬ ness, on the part of persons and things, for legal purposes. 1818 T. Moore Mem. (1853) II. 133, I see no chance for my escape but in the forthcomingness of his uncle Sheddon. + Fo rthdeal. Obs. = Fordeal. 1542 Udall Erastn. Apoph. 38 That is to saye : as good a forthdeale and auantage towardes the ende of the werke, as if a good porcion of the same wer already finyshed. t Forthdo*, V. Obs. [OE.forfdon, f. Forth adv. + don to Do.] trans. To put forth; to utter(Vords). £ 900 tr. Baeda's Hist. v. ii. (1891) 388 Heht he his tungan forodoon of his mucSe. c 1250 Gen. 4* Ex. 3993 Sal ic non wurd mu3en forS-don, Vten Sat god me leiS on. t Forthdraw*, v. Obs. [f. Forth adv. + Draw v.] trans. To draw forth. ? a 1300 Leg. Gregory (Schulz) 347 pe fischer )?an j?e child for]? drou}. 1340 Ayenb. 98 pet he ous delyuri of pe zeue dyadliche zennes. .and uorpdra3e pe zeue uirtues. t Fo*rthe(n, adv. Obs. Forms: 1 furpum, -on, -an, forpum, 2 forpon, -an, 3 forpe(n, Orm. forpenn. [OE. fur}um y f. OTeut. *furp- y for}- (see Forth adv.) with suffix of dat. pi.] Even. 971 Blickl. Horn. 179 Naere nasfre naenig topaes halij mon on pissum miSSangearde ne furpum naenij on heofenum. £ 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. vi. 29 FurSon Salomon on eallum hys wuldre naes [etc.], c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 5 He mihte ridan ..onriche stede. .nalde he no, na forpon uppon pa muchele assa, aje uppon pa lutthle foie, c 1200 Ormin 825 He nolde giltenn Ne forpenn purrh an idell word. £1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 13 Ne forSe gef man haueS to done mid his rihte spuse [etc.]. £ 1205 Lay. 3012 Al pat is on liue nis nig swa dure swa me is pin an lime forde min ah3ene lif. Forther, Forther-: see Further. t FoTthfare, sb. Obs. [OE. *fortifaru (Lye), f. Forth adv. + faru Fare sb.'] A going forth. 1 . Decease, death. £ 1205 Lay. 6009 Vmbe feole 3ere aefter Belinnes for 5 -fare. b. The passing-bell rung at a person’s death. 1551 Hooper Injunct, xxxiii. Wks. (Parker Soc.) II. 137 Item, that from henceforth there be no knells or forth-fares rung for the death of any man. 2 . The going forth of a corpse; funeral. 1473 Churchw. Acc. St. Edmund's t Salisbury 17 (MS.) Item for the grete belle at his furthfare xij d. 1538 9 Will of A. IIavion (Somerset Ho.), Thexpenses and diarges of my forthfare thirtye Day & Anniversary. t Forthfa*re, V. Obs. [OE. fotdsfaran, f. Forth adv. +faran to go : see Fare v. 1 ] 1 . intr. To go forth, go away, depart, journey. £888 K. iELFRED Boeth. xxxiii. § 4 SwaSaette hi aegper je forp farap &e eftcumap. a 1200 Moral Ode 340 Go we .. pene wei grene per forS-fare 3 lutel folc. £*1300 E. E. Psalter x[i], 1, I sal forth fare, ife I wil, Als a sparwe in to pe hil. 13.. K. Alis. 6936 Sorwe and care That day thei letten forth fare. 2 . To decease, die. O. E. Chron. an. 571, On pam ilcan geare he forpfor. £zii75 Cott. Horn. 225 Noe lefede. .ni3on hund 3eare and fifti, and he pa fortSferde. £1205 Lay. 11458 penne pu beost forS faren. c 1320 Cast. Love 218 Atte laste he moste dyen and forp-fare. c 1350 Will. Paleme 5266 pem- perour was forp-fare faire to crist. Hence ForthfaTing ppl. a. (also absol.). arch. a 1225 Ancr. R. 210 peos seoue bestes .. iSe wildernesse.. pet alle pe uorSfarinde uondeS to uordonne. 1876 Swin¬ burne Erechth. 1323 A terror to forthfaring ships by night. + Fo*rthfather. Obs. [OE. forffsederas , f. Forth adv. + Father.] pi. = Forefathers. £ 1000 /Elfric De vet. Test, in Grein Ags. Prosa I. 4 Abra- hames forSfaederas. a 1225 St. Marher. 4 pine forSfederes beoS forfarene reowliche. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 94 3 ef peo weren todreauet.. past hire forS-fadres hefden ifostret. t Porthfi ll, v. Obs. [f. Forth adv. + Fill v.] trans. To fulfil; also, to discharge (a legacy). £ 1400 Apol. Loll. 3 As feip is forpfillid of pe werkis, so is also desir. c 1420 Chron. Vilod. 425 pus was forthfulde pe rophecy of pe sweuene. 1550 Richmond. Wills (Surtees) 69, geue my executrix .. the resydew of my gouds, my debts payd, and legocyes furthfilled, to dispose forther as [etc.]. t Fo’rthfore. Obs. [OE. fortifor, f. Forth adv. + for a going: see Fore sb .] A going forth : a. OE. only: Decease, death ; = Forthfare sb. 1 . b. Used as rendering of Lat. transitus , given by Jerome as the literal meaning of pascha (passover). £900 tr. Baida's Hist. m. xix. (1891) 210 Foroon him cu 5 fordfor toweard waere & ungewiis seo tid pare ilcan forSfore. £1250 Gen. 4 * Ex. 3158 Dat ni3t sal ben fest pasche, forS for, on engle tunge, it be. t FoTthgang, sb. Obs. [OE. fordgang, f. Forth adv. + gang a going.] A going forth or out; progress, advance. £900 tr. Baida's Hist. v. xxii. (1891) 476 pses cyninges rice &e foreweard ge forSgong..mone5um. .styrenessum wiper- vveardra Singa .. gemengde syndon. a 1225 Ancr. R. 318 Ich was pe beginnunge hwi swuch ping hefde uorS^ong. FORTHGANG. 475 FORTHRIGHT. Ibid. 374, I uor&ong of gode Uue; and ia hyssa hwzcne.. forSgan- gan. a 1300 Cursor M. 5998 (Gott.) Pharao. .}?e folk ne wild he late forthgang. t Fortkgo*, v. Obs. [OE. forfgdn, f. Forth adv. +gdn to Go.] 1 . intr. To go forth : see Forth adv. 5 and 6. Occas. with cognate object. Of day, night, etc.: To pass, pass away. O. E. Chron. an. 1075, Raulf.. wolde forSgan mid his folce. C I175 Lamb. Horn. 91 Swa bet ileiden }>& untrummen men bi here stret J>ere petrus foro-eo 5 e. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 9 De niht is forS-gon and dai neihlecheS. c 1250 Gen. «$• Ex. 2819 Nil is forS gon Se Sridde dai. <1x300 E. E. Psalter lxxxviii[i]. 42 Bi-reved him alle forth-gaand f>e wai. 1382 Wyclif Gen. xliv. 4 And now the cyte thei 3eden oute and forth 3eden a litill. — Judith xvi. 27 Forsothe she was in feste da}es forth goende [Vul g. grocedens] withgret glorie. c 1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 761 Thay .. dyde ham bothe forth goo. c 1440 Prong. Pam. 173/2 Forthegone, profectus. 1600 Fairfax Tasso xvm. xix. 6 Whereat amazd he staid, and well prepard For his defence, heedfull. .foorthwent. b. fig. esp. To advance in age (also, in power or dignity). Of a treaty: To be carried into effect. c 1250 Gen. <5* Ex. 834 Sum was wiS mi3te so for '5 gon, Sat hadden he under hem mani on. a 1300 Cursor M. 10757 He was sumdel forthgan in lijf. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 185 Philip vnderstode, R. wild not consent, J?at ilk conant forth 3ode, bat be Soudan sent. 2 . To come forth as from a source, proceed. c 1000 Ags. Gosg. Mark vii. 15 pa Sing b e of Sam men forSgaS, pa hine besmitaS. a 1325 Prose Psalter Athana- sian Creed 22 Nou3t fourmed, no}t bi3eten, bot forbgoand. C1340 Cursor M. 10240 (Fairf.) Ioachym here shalle none Offryng of thy hond foregone. c 1400 Agol. Loll. 10 pe maker of mankynd takyng a soulid body of be virgyn..& forbgoing man wip out seed may gif vs His Godhed. Forthgoing (foo-ipgJu-ig), vbl. sb. [f. Forth adv. + Going vol. j/>.] A going forth. 1382 Wyclif Ps. Prol. 737 The forth going of profitende men. c 1440 Hylton Scala Per/. (W. de W. 1494) 11. xxxi, A lityll of the forthgoyng fro that refourmyng to the hygher refourmyng. 1587 Golding De Momay v. 56 A certeine couert forewardness or foorthgoing of the will towards the thing that is loued. 1833 Chalmers Const. Man (1835) I. i. 72 To the fiat and forthgoing of whose will it owes its existence. 1852 Rock C/i. of Fathers III. 1. 210 His hopes that God’s angels would come for his soul at its forth- going. 1870 W. Arnot Life J. Hamilton iv. 180 With a great forthgoing towards the common people. Forthgoing (fo^goa-iq), ppl. a. rare. [f. Forth adv. + Going ppl. a.] That goes forth ; esp. disposed to make advances ; enthusiastic; gracious. Cf. Forthcoming ppl. a. 2. 1851 J. Hamilton Royal Preacher xx. (1854) 2 5 ^ Th e reat desires of his forthgoing patriotism and piety. 1876 Irs. Whitney Sights Ins. xxxii. 307 But to him she may hove been forthgoing. Forthingdole: see Farthingdeal. t Forthrnk, V. Obs. Forms: see Think. Also 4-6 forethink, [repr. two distinct words : a. OE.ford^ncan (f. For- pref . 1 + dgncan to Think) = OHG.fordenchen (Ger. verdenkeii). ( 3 . f. For- pref. 1 + OE. Pyncan to seem. Cf. MHG. ver- dunken and ON. forPykkja to displease.] I. Senses from OE. dyncan. 1 . trans. To displease, cause regret to. a 1225 Juliana 16 Ne ich ne seh him neuer b at me sare forpuncheS. c 1325 Metr. Horn. (Small) xvi, To king Wil¬ liam bodword was broht Of this tithing, that him for thoht. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus 11. 1365 (1414), I nas, ne nevere to be I thenke, Ayens a thing that myght the forthenke. c 1430 Syr GeJier. (Roxb.) 6446 If. .it had you forthoght, Ye might [etc.]. C1530 Adam Bel 548 in Hazl. E. P. P. II. 161, I hav y-graunted them graces, And that forthynketh me. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) I. 200 Full sair for- thinkis me, The greit injuris. .Done to my sister.. 2 . impers. and quasi -impers. ( It) fort/links ( me , him, etc.): I, etc., feel regret, repent, or am sorry. Const, of, for , or that , with dependent clause. <21300 Cursor M. 2732 If sco did it hir for-thoght. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 285 Me forthynkez ful much pat euer I mon made. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xxi. 92 Sore hit me for- pynkep Of pe dede pat ich haue don. c 1420 Sir Amadace (Camd.) xviii, For his dedus him sore for-tho3te. 1548 Udall Erasm. Par. Luke xxiv. 46 The Lorde hath sworne and it shall not forthynke hym. 1578-1600 Scot. Poems 16 th C. (1801) II. 166 Baneist is faith now euery quhair And sair forthinkes me. 1588 A. King tr. Canisius' Catech., Confession 12 It forthinkes me sore that I haue sinned. II. Senses from OE. dyican. 3 . a. trans. To despise or neglect. OE. only. b. intr. To be reluctant. c 1000 Ags. Ps. (Th.) xlviii. Argt., He laerde pact pa Searfao hy ne forSohton. a 1300 Cursor M. 16427 Pilate forthoght pam.. to wrath. 4 . trans . To think upon with pain; to regret, repent of, be sorry for; rarely passive. ? a 1250 Ags. Poem clxxvi. in Hickes Thes. (1705) I. 224 Se paet max and nele Seder come, Sore hit^ sel uorSenche. 13.. E. E. A llit. P. B. 557 pe souerayn in sete so sore for-po3t pat euer he man vpon molde merked to lyuy. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Johannes 445 He. .pane sa fore-thocht his mysded pat he gret sare. C1425 Wyntoun Cron. v. xil 1310 Wyth Rewtn of Hart for-thynk youre syn. c 1430 How Wise Man taught Son 32 in Babees Bk. (1868) 49 pou my^te seie a word to-day pat . vij. 3eer after may be for-pou3t. 1470-85 Malory Arthur xvn. xv, Yf thou entre thou shalt forthynke hit. 1548 W. Patten Exp. Scott. Pref. in Arb. Gamer III. 58 'They forthink that inroad. <11639 Spottis- wood Hist. C/t. Scott. 11. (1677) 37 Suddenly foiethinking what he had done, he [etc.]. 1704 Min. of Torryburn Sess. in. Ess. on Witchcraft (1820) 131 She would make Jean Rbet forethink what she had done. 5 . refl . To change the direction of one’s thoughts ; to experience a change of mind or purpose; to repent, be sorry. Const, of, that , or to with inf. a 1300 Cursor M. 24786 O pis tipand he him for-thoght. c 1550 Cheke Matt, xxvii. 3 Joudas. .seing y fc he was con¬ demned, did forthink himself. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 40 Nor yet you shall forthinke your self, that you haue obeyed, .myne aduise. 1589 Warner Alb. Eng., PE ne id os 156 Wei may I fore think mee so to haue done. 1599 Life Sir T. More in Wordsw. Eccl. Biog. (1853) II. 98 The whole counsell began to forethink them of their forwardness, b. intr. for refi. Const, of c 1380 Wyclif Semi. Sel. Wks. I. 279 pe fende shal. .ever forbinke. c 1410 Love Bonavent. Mirr. xxii. 48 (Gibbs MS.), I..come to 3owe. .forthynkynge inwardly of pat I haue offendet. 1509 Barclay Shyg of Folys (157°) 132 He . .then forthinketh, but late is his complaint. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 468 He forthocht full soir Of the grit wrang. 1562 J. Heywood Prov. <$• Egigr. (1867) 118 Better foresee, than forthinke. 1578 Whetstone Promos Cass. 11. v, Forethinke of thy forepassed faultes. 6. Occasional uses : a. trans. To change one’s mind about; to renounce, b. intr . To think or plan something wrong; to conspire. 1483 .Festivall (W. de W. 1515) 73 b, By temptacyon of the fende they forthought all theyr purpose. 1494 Coll. Hist. Staff. XII. (1891) 334 Sir Humfrey Stanley, with xx per¬ sons, forthought ayens your pease and lawis. Forthink: see Forethink. t Forthrnking, vbl. sb. Obs. The action of the vb. Forthink ; also, repentance. <21225 Ancr. R. no pet of-punchung [v.r. forSinchinge] pet he hefde wiSinnen him. 1340 Ayenb. 20 pet pou nere na}t digneliche y-di3t be ssrifpe and by vorpenchinge. <21400 Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. (1867) 8 Sothefaste for- thynkynge pat we hafe of oure syne. 1555 W. Watreman Fardle Facions II. xii. 289 Let him sorowe, not with a lighte forthinckinge. 1587 Golding De Mornay xvii. 269 The. .Cerimonies of al Nations, doe witnesse vnto vs a certeyne forethinking and remorce of sinne against God. t Forthi rst, pa. pple. In 3 Orm. forrprisst. [f. For- prefP + thirst , pa. pple. of Thirst v.] Overpowered with thirst. c 1200 Ormin 8635 He. .se33de patt he wass forrprisst. c 1440 Promg. Parv. 173/2 Forthyrst, sitibundus , siciens. t Forthlea’d, V. Obs. [OE. ford Ixdan, f. Forth adv . + Ixdan to Lead.] trans. a. To lead forth, b. To put forth (horns, etc.) ; = Lat. produce re. a 1000 Satan (Gr.) 566 Freodrihten hine forSlaedde to Sam halgan ham. <2 1300 E. F. Psalter lxviii. 32 [lxix. 31] Kalf .. Forthledand [Vulg. groducentem} homes and klees his. c 1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 2443 There was many a wepyng heye As the childe was forth ladde. + Fo'rthly, a. Obs. Forms: 3 forthlick, 4 forthely. [f. Forth adv. + -ly b] Healthy, likely to live ; also, full of energy. c 1230 Hali Meid. 35 3 if bit wel ibornjs & puncheS wel forSlich, fearlac of his lure is anan wiS him iboren. C1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 160 Felawes were pei alle, als forthely as he. t Fo’rthmost, a. and adv. Obs. [f. Forth adv. + Most.] = Foremost. c 950 Lindisf. Gosg. Matt. xx. 27 SeSe wadle betuih iuh forSmest wossa sie iuer Sea. c 1425 Engl. Conq. Irel. (1806) 16 Robert was..euer with the forthmost in euery fight, c 1450 Mir our Saluacioun 22 The certein guyse es this That of the new law forthemast a sothe reherced is. t Forthni’m, v. Obs. [f. Forth adv. + Nim v.] 1 . trans. To consume. Cf. Fornim. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 95 pes fares [?fures] icunde is pet hit forSnimeS swa hwet him neh biS. 2 . intr. To go forth, go away, proceed. c 1250 Gen. # Ex. 3351 ForS nam Sis folc, so god ta3te him, to Se desert of rafadim. Ibid. 3640 Twelf moneS forS ben alle cumen. Or he fro synay ben forS numen. + Forth on, forthon, adv. Obs. For forms see Forth, [f. Forth adv. + On adv.] 1 . Of space: Forwards; = Forth i. In quot. with ellipsis of go. Also, onwards, straight on, without deviation ; = Forth 2. 1529 More Dyaloge 11. Wks. 183/1 Let us forth on a litle further. 1607 Shaks. Timon 1. i. 49 My free drift .. Flies an Eagle flight, bold, and forth on. 2 . Of time: Onwards; = Forth 3. 1474 Caxton Chesse 11 He .. shold be his frend fro than forthon. c 1500 Melusine lix. (1895) 361 Thy fortres fro this day fourthon shalbe quyte of ony trybute. 1587 Golding De Mornay xxxi. 505 From the beginning foorthon, Moyses and the Prophets gaue it you. b. Straightway, at once, forthwith. <21000 Martyrol. (E. E. T. S.) 154 pa het Valerianus se refa hi forSon acwellan. <71250 Gen. # Ex. 3162 11 c firme bigelen. .was storuen on morwen and dead forSan. t For-tho’ll, conj. Obs. Also 1 forp&m, -pan, 2-4 forthan, 7 forthen. [In OE. two words: For prep. + )on instr., Jxxrn dat., of The. The dat. and instr. forms coalesced in ME.] 1 . For this reason, therefore. In ME. sometimes repeated, foipon.. foipon ‘for this reason .. that*. <*900 tr. Bseda's Hist. in. xiii. [xv.] (1890) 198 He forSon eallum &e pisse worulde aldormonnum wses leof. ciooo Ags. Gosg. Matt. vi. 25 Forpam [cii6o Hatton Forpan] ic seege eow paet [etc.]. t xi75 Lamb. Horn. 95 ForSon wes pe halia gast on culfren onlicnesse bufan criste, forSon he wes [etc.], c 1205 Lay. 989 For pon [c 1275 for pan] 3if hit eow bi-loueS. .fare we from pisse londe. c 1320 Cast. Love 1072 He scholde neuer die for pon. c 1394 P. PI. Crede 27 By a fraynyng for-pan failep per manye. 1447 Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.) 43 Not forthan I wyl not blynne. 1674 Ray N. C. Words 19 Forthen and Forthy, therefore. 2 . For the reason that, because. Beowulf Gr.) 150 Forpam wearS [sor^cearu] ylda bearnum undyrne cuS. C1175 Lamb. Horn. 17 Hit is riht pet me hem spille, forpan betere hit is [etc.], c 1250 Gen. Sf Ex. 1996 Putifar.. bo3te ioseph al forSan He wulde don is lechur- hed wiS ioseph. So For-thon the, later forthon that= 2. C893 K. /Elfred Oros. 1.^(1883)24 ForSon pe siosunnepaer gaeo near on sett ponne on oSrum lande, paer [etc.]. ryd [act of God’s vengeance] watz for-J?rast al )?at jjryue schuld. Forthren, obs. f. Further v. Forthright (fo^kiroi-t, foeujhrait), rarely with advb. gen. -s forthright S, adv., a. and sb. arch . [f. Forth adv . + Right a. and adv., in OE. riht , rihte : cf. Downright.] A. adv. 1 . Directly forward, in or towards the front, straight before one. a 1000 Ags. Gloss, in Haupt’s Zeitschr. IX. 4c6 Indeclina- biliter, fororihte. c 1205 Lay. 1523 Brutus, .iwende forS- rihtes to j?on ilke weie [?er him iwised wes. ?rihht hire himm fra All stillelike shaedenn. a 1225 St. Marher. 15 Ant tenne some agulteS eawiht [jc. ha moten] gan anan forSriht ]>set ha [etc.]. 1590 Spenser F. Q. ii. vii. 35 Whose dore forthright To him did open as it had beene taught. 1609 C. Butler Fern. Mon. (1634) 131 You may see some slain forthright with the thrust of the Spear. 1659 Torriano, A ribibo, forthright, as it were carelesly. 1882 Swinburne Tristram of Lyonesse 49 Forthright upon his steed [he] Leapt. B. adj. 1 . Proceeding in a straight course, directly in front of one, straight forward. ciooo /Elfric Gloss, in Wr.-Wiilcker 222/30 Direclanci, forSrihte. 1398 Trevisa tr. Barth. De P. R. ix. i. (1495) 345 Streyghte and forthryghte meuynge. 1657 S. Purchas Pol. Flying-Ins. 190 Having two points forth-right, not barbed like a Bees. 1824 Scott St. Ronan's xxxvi, Now in mak¬ ing feints, now in making forthright passes. 1865 C. J. Vaughan Words fr. Gosg. 71 Must thine eye be thus roving 00-2 FORTHRING. 476 FORTIFICATION. thy forthright vision thus distracted ? 1878 Stevenson Inland Voy. 145 A headlong, forth-right tide. 2 . fig. Going straight to the point, straightfor¬ ward, unswerving, outspoken ; also, unhesitating, dexterous. 1855 Browning Men Worn. II. Andrea del Sarto 5 This low-pulsed forthright craftsman’s hand of mine. 1867 Swinburnf. in Fortn. Rev. July 22 In clear forthright manner of procedure .. it resembles the work of Chaucer. 1870 Lowell Study Wind. 261 The home-thrust of a forth¬ right word. 1879 Farrar St. Paul I. 422 The practical, forthright, non-argumentative turn of his mind. C. sb. A straight course or path; lit. and Jig. (Chiefly after Shakspere.) 1606 Shaks. Tr. Sf Cr. in. iii. 158 If you giue way Or hedge aside from the direct forth right. 1610 — Temp. in. iii. 3 Here’s a maze trod indeede Through fourth rights, and Meanders. 1880 Browning Dram. Idylls Ser. 11. Clive 12 Thought. .Notes this forthright, that meander. 1884 Bp. Barry in Contemp. Rev. Sept. 409 Materialism with its maze of ‘ forthrights and meanders ’ is utterly at fault. 1887 Lowell Pr. Wks. (1890) VI. 186 He has not allowed him¬ self to be lured from the direct forthright by any [etc.]. Hence Forthrightness, the quality of being forthright; straightforwardness. 1873 Lowell AmoAgmy Bks. Ser. 11. 123 Dante’s concise forthrightness of phrase. 1879 Farrar St. Paul I. 225 He ..carried into his arguments that intensity and forthright¬ ness which awaken dormant opposition. + Forthrrng, v. Obs. rare. [f. For- prej . 1 + Thring v. to press. The OE. fordringan (For- pref : 1 ?) occurs once, app. in the sense ‘to urge forward’.] trans . To press heavily upon, oppress. Beo7uulJ( Gr.) 1084 paet he ne mehte. .pa wea-lafe wige for- pringan peodnes pe£ne. cizoo Ormin 6169 Himm patt i cwarrterrne lip Forrbundenn & forrprungenn. Forthrow: see For- preff 1. t Forthse't, v. Obs. [f. Forth adv. + Set v.] trans. To set forth ; to present to view, display. c 1565 Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1728) I. 1 They, that are most forthy in the ingyring and forthsetting them¬ selves. 1585 Jas. I Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 37, I had farr rather Babell tower forthsett, Then [etc.]. Hence F orth.se'tting vbl. sb. 1528 J. Hacket to Wolsey (MS. Cott. Galba B. ix. 181) Yt myght be a forthesettyng of Frenchemen to make ther bragges. a 1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 344 Being conveaned .. in the name of Jesus Christ, for furth- setting of his glorie. a 1847 Chalmers Posth. Wks. I. 76 Let me not enter on the vain attempt to enhance the im¬ pression of this celebrated story by any forthsetting of mine. 1863 A. B. Grosart Small Sins Pref. (ed. 2) 10 It has seemed therefore to me advisable to. .select less obvious forth-setting of the same great Truths. t Forthshow, v. Obs. [f. Forth adv. + Snow v.] trans. To show forth, declare, exhibit. a 1300 E. E. Psalter cxliv. [cxlv.] 4 Strende and strende.. sal. .pi might forth-schewe. c 1330 R. Brunne Ckron . (1810) 54 pei durst it not forth schewe. 1553 Q. Kennedy Compend. Tract, in Wodr. Soc. Misc. 127 Quhat and he be blynd quhilk suld furthschaw the way to utheris. 1556 Lauder Tractate 503 Nowhaue I breuelieheir furthschawin.. How that }e suld [etc.]. t Fo’rthsithe. Obs. [f. Forth adv. + slS journey.] Departure, decease; hence, death-bed. O. E. Ckron. an. 992, Mfter Oswaldes .. for 5 si 3 e. a 1240 Ureisun in Cott. Horn. 197 Ich be bidde bet tu kume to mine uoro-si oe. t Forthtee*, v. Obs. \OE.fordUon, f. Forth adv. + tdon : see Tee v.] trans. a. To manifest outwardly, b. To bring forward, adduce, quote, c. To draw (a person) on, seduce, beguile. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 35 pe deuel te$ for# geres hwile after fox.. hwile after oSre, and on ech of hise deden is iefned to pe deore wuas geres he forSteoS. Ibid. 145 pe fewe word pe ich nu for 5 -tegh he specS of [etc.]. Ibid. 199 Man mid is gele, egge# us and fondeS and forp-tep to idele ponke. Forthtell (fberpted), v. rare. [f. Forth adv. + Tell v.] trans. To tell forth, publish abroad. x 549 - 62 Sternhold & H. Ps. cxlviii. 14 His Saints shall all forthtell His praise and worthinesse. 1561 Kethe Ps. c. 1 Hym serue with feare, his praise forth tell. 1889 T. Wright Chalice of Carden xv. 108 ‘ Imprinted’, as its title page forthtold, in the last year of Elizabeth. + Fo'rthward, sb. Obs. Also 5 Sc. foreward, forthwart. [See Foeth adv. ] = Foreward sb . 1 c 1340 Cursor M. 13959 (Fairf.i pe Iewes wip paire fals forp¬ ward. . pai so3t ihesu to pe dede. c 1470 Henry Wallace xi. 487 For thi manheid this forthwart to me fest. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. iii. 254 As plesit him his fordward to fulfill. Forthward, with adv. gen. -s forth.wards, adv. and a. Obs. exc. arch. Forms: see Forth and -ward. [OE. fordweard ( = OS. ford we rd, fordwardes ), f. Forth adv. + -ward.] A. adv. 1 . Of place: Towards a place or part in front or before, onward(s, forward. To be forthward: to be on one’s way. To set forthward : to help on. C1175 Lamb. Horn. 51 And tech me hu ic seal swimmen forSward. c 1205 Lay. 5370 Feouwer daies fulle for 5 ward [c 1275 forpwardes] heo wenden. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 2 45 Po pys ost al 3are was, vorpward vaste hii drowe. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 315 Drawe pe boon forpward. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. xciii. (1869) 51 Me thinketh riht longe pat I ne were forthward and set in pe wey. c 1450 St. Cuthhert (Surtees) 6097 He went forthward with pe wayne. 1530 Test. Ebor. (Surtees) V. 301 Also to the peir, if it go furthwardes, xl s. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus iv. 659 Fordward I fuir. 1588 A. King tr. Canisius' Catech. 39 Besyddis y 4t we set furthwart, be all meanis possible y J proffeit of our nyghbour. Ibid. 205 b, Gif thou preiss forduart. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. v. iv. § 35 That unity and concord in opinions .. may encrease and goe forthward. 1768 Ross Helenore 8 'Tweish twa hillocks the poor lambie lies. An’ ay fell forthert, as it shoope to rise, b. Prominently, in public. 1504 Atkynson tr. De Imitatione iii. lix, He wyll also apere forthwarde, and haue the syghte and experyens of many thynges by his outwarde senses. 2 . Of time: a. (OE. only.) Continually, prospec¬ tively. b. For the future onwards. Also, ay , (from) hence , now, then forthward ; from that or this day or time forthward. c 1000 Ags. Ps. l[i]. 79 (Gr.) paet min gehernes hehtful weor< 5 e .. forSweard to pe ! c 1000 ^Elfric Gram. xxi. (Z.) 125 Dis gemet [the imperative mood] sprecS forpwerd. c 1200 Ormin 5226 patt itt [patt twifalde gast] beo nu forrp- warrd inn me. c 1340 Cursor M. 14905 (Fairf.) Of his passion pat is sa harde pat 3e sal here now forpwarde. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 2605 If y pys day forpward spare Sarasyn ouper torke, for euere mot y pan for-fare. c 1440 Gcsta Rom. 1 . 225 (Harl. MS.) & pere for, fadir, dothe to me fro hennys forpeward aspe likithe. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6930 pare he ordayned pe bischop se Ay forthward forto be. c 1460 Fortescue Abs. Lim. Mon. (1885) 147 Wich wages shall than forthwarde cesse. 1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII , c. 13 From that time furthward. B. adj. = Forwards. c 1470 Henry Wallace iii. 46 Growand in curage ; Forth¬ ward, rycht fayr. Ibid. x. 78 So weill beseyn, so forthwart, stern, and stult. 1881 Duffield Don Quix. II. 560 Don Quixote went, .on his forthward way. Hence Forthwardly adv. c 1470 Henry Wallace x. 653 So forthwartlye thai pressyt in the thrang. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vi. clxxxvii. 189 Richarde. .toke vpon hym the rule of hisowne signory,and grewe & encreased forthwardly. t Forthwa*x, v. Obs. [OE. fordweaxan, f. Forth adv. + weaxan to Wax.] intr. To grow forth, grow to excess, increase. <7900 ?Werfrith Greg. Dial. 11. xxvii. (Bosw.-T.) Forp- weox his feondscipe. c 1250 Gen. Sf Ex. 1211 Wintres for 5 wexen on ysaac. t Fo*rthwise, Obs. [OE. forfwisian, f. Forth adv. -vwlsian to show, guide.] trans. To guide forth, direct; hence, to bring up (a child). Beo7uulf(G r.) 1795 Him selepe^n .. for 3 wisade. 4:1315 Shoreham 68 The fader and moder That hyne fleschlyche forthwyseth. Forthwith -wrS), adv. [For forth with (prep.', = earlier forth mid, along with, see FortiI adv. 2 c. The adv. forthwith originates from this phrase, the prep, being used absol. or with ellipsis of its regimen.] Immediately, at once, without delay or interval. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 3 Other before the letter or after or else fourthe wyth togyther. 1461 J. Paston in P. Lett. No. 384 II. 4 Ther was a certeyn person forth wyth after the jurney at Wakefield. 1463 Bury Wills (Camden) 17 Y l y e messe of requiem may begynne forthwith whan y l is doo. 1637 Decree Star Chamb. § 17 in Miltons A reop. (Arb.) 17 That the Master and Wardens of the Company of Stationers, doe foorthwith certifie [etc.]. 1712 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.)III. 424 It shall be done forthwith. 1814 Cary Dante, Par. vm. 50 Forthwith it grew In size and splendour. 1848 Wharton Law Lex. s. v.. When a defendant is ordered to plead forthwith, he must plead within twenty-four hours. 1867 Smiles Huguenots Eng. iv. (1880) 53 The King determined that they should forthwith be reconverted to Roman Catholicism. If Used for For with adv. and prep . (which is a variant reading in all the passages). a 1300 Cursor M. 10752 Amang pir men es forthwit tald, He come al forto ber his wand. Ibid. 11423 pe stern went forth-wit pat pam ledd. c 1340 Ibid. 11001 (Trin.) In sep- tembre moneth pe foure & twenty ny3t was .. Forpwip pe annunciacioun. + Fourth.withal, adv. Obs. [f. Forth adv. + With prep. + All. See Forth adv. 2 d.] =prec. c 1200 Ormin 1336 Let itt eornenn forpwipp all Vt inntill wilde wesste. 1390 Gower Conf. III. 262 And forthwithall . .A naked swerd. .She toke, and through hir hert it throng. 771500 Assembl. Ladies cv. in Chaucers Wks. ( 1561)261 Than eche of vs toke other by the sleue And forth withal, as we shulde take our leue. 1548 in Strype Eccl.Mem. II. App. D. 27 Yf thou take hym that is not trew unto hys prynce, punysh him forthwithall. Forthy (fo^upi), a. Sc. and dial. [f. Forth adv. + -Y '.] Disposed to put oneself forth or for¬ ward; forward, outspoken, unrestrained. c 1565 [see Forthset vi]. 1846 Spec. Cornish Prov. Dial. 55 A yungster corned out very forthy, ‘ Here come I, St. George’. 1880 E. Cornwall Gloss., Forthy , officious; for¬ ward. 1892 Northumb. Gloss., Forthy , industrious, well doing, free, kindly spoken. + For-thy*, conj. Obs. Also 1 foiftf, 2-5 forthi, 3 south, forftui, 3-4 forthe. [OE. fordl , fordy , f. For prep. + dy, instr. of The. Cf. Forthon.] For this reason, therefore. ciooo Ags. Gosp. John vii. 22 ForSy Moyses eow sealde ymbsnydenysse. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 21 ForSon a pis worlS wih 5 on^ein us..for-pi we sune3iet on-3ein drihtenes welle. c 1230 Mali Meid. 9 For pi seli meiden forget ti folc. a 1250 Owl $ Night. 69 Forthe the sulve mose Hire thonkes wolde the to-tose. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. A. 234 My joy for-py watz much be more. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. Prol. 187 For- pi I conseille alle pe comune to lat pe catte worthe. c 1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. 45 The morning myld, my mirth was maire forthy. 1501 Douglas Pal. Hon. 1. xxii, For thy I knew the signe Was Acteon. 1590 Lodge Euphues Gold.Leg.xn Halliw. Shaks. VI.22 Forthy, Montanus, follow mine arreede. 1647 H. More Song of Soul 11. i. 11. xxviii, Forthy let first an inward centre hid Be put. b. Not for-thy : nevertheless. What for-thy : what of that ? x 375 Barbour Bruce v. 319 Vndir the mantill nocht-forthi He suld be armyt preualy. 1413 Pilgr. Soiule (Caxton) 1. xv. (1859) 13 Nought for thy, this I byhote expresse. c 1430 Syr Tryam. 736 The fyrste that rode noght for thy, Was the kyng of Lumbardy. c 1450 Cov. Myst. (1841) 120 Nevyr the les, what for-thy .. Withowith mannys company She myght not be with childe. Hence Forthy that, earlier forthy the, because, c 1000 Ags. Gosp. John vii. 22 Na for< 5 i 3 e heo of Moyses sy. 4:1175 Lamb. Horn, ai On pon deie pa engles of heofene ham iblissieS: for 5 i pe pa erming saulen habbeS rest of heore pine, a 1225 Ancr. R. 56 Al paet vuel of Dina .. ne com nout forftui paet te wummen lokede cangliche o weop- men. 1340 Ham pole Pr. Consc. 2698 Forthy pat sum has na knawyng Of purgatory.. parfor [etc.], c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) vi. 18 pare also gert kyng Nabugodonosor putte pe three childer in pe fyre, forpi pat pai held pe ri3t beleue. t Forthye’te, V. Obs. [OE. forbgeotan, f. Fokth adv. + ieotan to pour.] trans. To pour out. c 900 tr. Bxdafs Hist. iv. xxix. [xxviii.] (1890) 370 He .. foro^otenum tearum ..Dryhtne his willan bebead. 1513 Douglas AEneis 1 iii. 55 The deip furtht^et in schaldisheir and thair. — iv. viii. 88 All for nocht the teris war furth ^et. Fortieth (ff7*Jtiep), a. (sb.) Forms : a. flo- wertisofla, erron. -teofta (fem., neut. -#e), 2 fur- teohte, 3 fowertifle, -tu'Se, -ti^the, fuwertifte, fourtiand, 4 south, vourtajte, fourtithe, -tied, 5 fowrtyde, fortith, 6 fourteth, 7 fourtieth, 6- fortieth ; £. 6 fourtyest. [OE. fdowertigoda prehistoric *fiwortigunfon-, corresponding to ON. fertugonde, - ande (Sw. fyrationde, Da. fyrrety- vende), f. Forty on the analogy of Tenth. The rare 13th c. fourtia?id\s of Scandinavian origin. The 16th c. fourtyest is noteworthy as being formed with the same suffix as in the Low and High Ger. equivalents (Du. veertigste, O HG.forzugdsto ); cf. also late lce\.fertugasti.) The ordinal numeral belonging to the cardinal forty. The fortieth man : one man in forty. Fortieth part : one of forty equal parts into which a quantity may be divided. Also cibsol. and quasi-jA c 1000 ^Klfric Deut. i. 3 On pam feowerteoSan £eare. c 1175 Cott. Horn. 229 Drihten pa an pa furteohte de3e his aeristes astah to heofene. 1258 Charter of Hen. Ill, in Tyrrell Hist. Eng. (1700) II. App. 25 In the two and fower- ti3the geare of ure crunninge. 1357 Lay Folks Catech. 152 The fourtied day after that he ras .. he stegh in-till heuen. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. iv. 89 Of hys kynryk pe fowrtyde yhere. 1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. vi. 52 The fourtyest daye after his resurreccyon. 1590 Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons in Lett. Lit. Meti (Camden) 51 Of which, scarce the fortieth man escaped with life. 1611 Bible Chron. xxvi. 31 In the fourtieth yeere of the reigne of Dauid. a 1631 Donne Love's Diet 23 Ah ! what doth it availe To be the fourtieth name in an entail? 1724 Swift Drapier's Lett. Wks. 1755 V. 11. 138 It is not above the fortieth part in value to the rest of Britain. 1758 S. Hay¬ ward Serin, v. 145 In that fortieth of Isaiah how is that Jehovah set forth? 1800 Young in Phil. Trans. XCI. 55 A large card, divided.. into fortieths of an inch. 1855 M ilman Lat. Chr. (1864) V. ix. vii. 324 All prelates [etc.], .were sum¬ moned to contribute at least a fortieth to this end. Fortifiable (fputifsiab’l), a. [f. Fortify v. + -able; cf. F. fortifiable .] That maybe fortified. 1609 Overbury Obserr>. 17 Prov. Wks. (1856) 223 The coun¬ trey every where fortifiable with water. 1755 in Johnson. 1886 Rusk in Prxterita I. vii. 207 The quadrilateral plan of my fortifiable dispositions. t Forti'ficate, v. Sc. Obs. [f. ppl. stem of L. fortifuared\ = Fortify. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus hi. 188 The vther part gif thay fortificat In }our contrair. Fortification (fputifik^-jan). [a. F. fortifi¬ cation, ad. L . fortificdlidn-em, n. of action f. forti- fied-re to Fortify.] I. The action of fortifying; in senses of the vb. 11 . Strengthening, corroboration, ratification. X 53 °~ X Act 22 Hen. VIII, c. 14 [They] haue .. procured many men .. to the .. practise of archerie .. to the greate encrease and fortificacions of the same outwarde realmes. x 557'"75 Diurn. Occurr. (Bannatyne) 122 To come to Edinburgh to subscriue the fortificatioun of the kingis coronatioun. 1563-87 Foxe^I. <5* M. (1684) HI. 454 For the more fortification of that which hath been said. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj., Forme of Proces 116 The defender quha propones the exception, for fortification therof, may propone ane duply, against the libell and reply. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World 11. (1634) 442 Much common good therby likely to arise with mutual fortification of both those king¬ doms. 1623 Conway in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. III. 155 His actes had not need of theire fortification. 2 . The strengthening of wine with alcohol. 1885 Pall Mall G. 7 Sept. 5/2 Spirits exported to Spain for the fortification of native wines. 1893 Manch. Guard, ip May 5/4 The duty was raised. .to discourage the fortifica¬ tion of Spanish wines with coarse spirits. 3 . Mil. The action of fortifying or providing with defensive works. 1562 Whitehorne tr. Machiavel (title) Certain waies of the orderyng of Souldiers in battelray, & settyng of battailes ..also plattes for fortificacion of Townes. 1882 Steven¬ son Ne7v Arab. Nts. (1884) 129 He had no means of fortifi¬ cation, and lay open to attack. b. The art or science of fortifying or construct¬ ing works of defence. 1642 Howell For. Trav. (Arb.) 80 The art of Naviga¬ tion and Fortification. 1688 Capt. J. S. Fortification 23 Fortification, or Military Architecture, is a Science [etc.]. x 75 x Johnson Rambler No. 103 p 2 We range from city to city, though we profess neither architecture nor fortification. FORTIFIED. 477 FORTITUDE. 1828 J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner (ed. 2) 201 Fortification . .is divided into two parts, which are called Permanent or Field Fortification. 187 y Cassell's Techn. Educ. 1. 21/2 The science..is termed Fortification. fig. 1649 J ER - Taylor Gt. Exemp. 11. ix. 124 Observe what object is aptest to inflame thee, and by speciall arts of fortification, stop up the avenues to that part. II. concr. 4 . Mil. A defensive work; a wall, earthwork, tower, etc. Chiefly collect. plural. 1489 Caxton Faytes of A. 11. xxiv. 137 Upon euery yate muste be made dyuerse defences and fortyfycacions. 1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII , c. 1 § 1 To make Bulwerkes, lirayes. .and al other fortificacions. 1604 Shaks. Oth. in. v. 5 This Fortification (Gentlemen) shall we see't? 1683 Brit. Spec. 18 Strong fortifications do secure thy Ports. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. iv, I .. made me a Door to come out, on the Out¬ side of my Pale or Fortification. 1794 Sullivan View Nat. II. 362 In the neighbourhood of Lexington .. are the remains of two ancient fortifications. 1841 W. Spalding Italy fy It. Isi. I. 223 We find all the Seven Hills embraced within a fortification which the legendary history ascribes to Servius Tullius. 1863 Lyell Antiq. Man 40 Extensive fortifications to protect them from their enemies. b. Comb .: fortification-agate (see quot.). 1882 in Cassell. 1892 Dana's Syst. Min. (ed. 6) 189 Ruin-agate or Fortification-agate is a variety with light to dark brown shades, showing, when polished, curious markings well described by the name. c. transf. and Jig. A means of defence. a 1586 Sidney Arcad. 1. x. 40b, The Stagge thought it better to trust to the nimblenes of his feete then to the slender fortification of his lodging. 1653 Walton Angler ii. 41 The gloves of an Otter are the best fortification for your hands against wet weather. 1656-7 Burton's Diary (1828) I. 363 That.. is the best fortification for all honest men. 1742 Loud. fy Country Brew. 1. (ed. 4) 80 Horse-dung should be laid to the Windows as a Fortification against them [winds]. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 26 f 7 He was happy in this fortification [an arrangement of bolts and bars]. 5 . fa. gen. A means of strengthening. Obs. 1655 Advt. in Culpeppers Pract. Physic, It [aurum potabile ] is an Universal Fortification for all Complexions and ages. 1678 Dryden Kind Keeper iv. i, Go, provide .. the Westphalia ham, and other fortifications of nature. b. spec . The strengthening timbers, etc. of a whaling vessel: see Fortify v. i b. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 191 The next im¬ portant part of the fortification is the pointers. +C. Gunnery. The additional thickness of metal serving to strengthen certain portions of a cannon. 1626 Capt. Smith Accid. Vug. Seamen 32 To .. know her leuell poynt blanke .. her fortification, the differences of powder [etc.]. 1669 Sturmy Mariners Mag. v. 65 Canon- Powder is best..for in taking up much room it hath the greater length or fortification of metal about it in the Piece. Fortified (f^'Jtifsid), ppl. a. [f. Fortify v. + -ed 1 .] Strengthened; provided with means of defence ; protected with fortifications. 1538 Elyot, Firmus , stable, constant, well fortified. 1611 Bible Micali vii. 12 He shal come .. from the fortified cities, a 1657 Lovelace Poems (1864) 234 Your days fare, a fortified toast. 1692 in Capt. Smith's Seaman's Gram. 11. xviii. 128 A Well Fortified Gun, hath her Metal at the Vent or Touch-hole as thick as her Diameter at the Bore. 1757 York Cour ant 18 Oct., A well-fortified vessel for the coasting trade..has been long wanted. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 247 The Orsini and Vitelli in Italy, who used to sally from their fortified dens to rob the trader and traveller. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 45 Three fortified and portcullised gateways. Fortifier (f?'Jtifai|3j). ff. next + -er F] One who or that which fortifies : a. One who con¬ structs fortifications, b. One who or that which strengthens; a supporter, an upholder. a. 1552 Huloet, Fortifier, munitor. 1589 Ive Fortif. 33 Admonishing the Fortifier., to vse..the considerations before in them alleaged. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 1. 123 A fortifier, had deuised a certaine kinde of ioyned boords, the which being caried of the souldiers, defended them from the shot of the Harquebuzers. 1602 Carew Cornwall 149 The fortifier made his aduantage of the commoditie, affoorded by the ground. 1873 Daily News 7 Nov. 5/3 General Chabeau Latour, the fortifier of Paris. b. c 1565 Lindesay (Pitscottie) Citron. Scot. (1728' 45 But also reproached the fortifiers and allowers of him in such wickedness. 1569 Murray 15 Oct. in H. Campbell Love Lett. MaryQ. Scots App. 58 We wer constranit to nominate the said Quene..as maintenar and fortifiar of the execu- touris thairof. 1878 Daily News 11 Sept. 4/7 The opinion is at least a fortifier against adverse criticism. 1894 Ibid. 15 Feb. 5/3 An egg beaten in a very little whisky and water will be found an excellent fortifier. Fortify (fputifai), v. [ad. F. fortifier , ad. L. fortificare , i. fortis strong + -ficcire : see -fy.] I. To make strong. 1 . trans. To strengthen structurally. Now some¬ what rare. ^1450 Merlin 187 He made to a-mende and fortyfie the walks of the town ther, as thei were most feble. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 262 The grave experienc’d Bee.. Employ'd at home..To fortify the Combs, to build the Wall. 1726 Leoni tr. Alberti's Archit. II. 113/2 They shou’d also be fortifyed all round with strong brick work. 1886 Willis & Clark Cambridge III. 545 Fortifying the wood-work of the Dome and Lantern. b. spec. To strengthen (a gun) by additional thickness of metal. Cf. Fortification 5 c. Also, to strengthen (a ship) for especial emergency, by means of additional timbers, etc. 1627 Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. xiv. 71 Those small Peeces are better fortified than the greater. 1669 Sturmy Mariner s Mag. v. 62 You must work as if the Piece were fortified no more than only so much as the thinnest part of the Metal is. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 508 The new ship., is fortified within the bow. 1853 Kane Grin nett Exp. xv. (1856) 112 She was. .fortified with three additional strips of boiler iron. c. To cover or bind with some protective ma¬ terial or appliance. (Now coloured by senses 7-8.) 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 372 Men armed with shields, and fortified all over with thongs of leather. 1669 Boyle Contn. New Exp. 11. (1682) 21 A little [air] brake into the Reciever. .because I had neglected to fortifie the cover with Turpentine. 1697 Potter Antiq. Greece hi. xv. (1715) 130 The whole Fabrick..was fortified with Pitch to secure the Wood from the Waters. 1706 Hearne Collect. 7 Feb., Being us’d to fortifie himself against weather by. .a thick Robe. 1798 W. Blair Soldier s F'riend 31 Ingenious modes of fortifying shoes, and rendering them water-proof. 1803 Wellington 20 Jan. in Gurw. Desp. I. 397 Kegs of six gallons each, well fortified with iron hoops. 1850 Meri- vale Rom. Emp. (1865) I. v. 193 Camillus .. fortified the shield with a rim of metal. 2 . To impart strength or vigour to (the body, its organs, or powers, f a plant); to give (a person, oneself) strength or endurance for some effort. 14.. Lydg. & Burgh Secrees 1959 Wyn .. ffortefieth the heete in the body natural. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 11. lxxi. 241 It doth fortefie and strengthen the harte. 1686 W. Harris tr. Lemery's Course Client. 11. xxii. (ed. 3) 624 The Turks will take of it [opium] to the bigness of a hazle Nut to fortifie themselves when they are going to fight. 1691 Ray Creation Ded. (1704) 3 To fortifie you in your Athletic Conflicts. 1719 London & Wise Contpl. Gard. 212 We endeavour to fortifie it, and make it grow big all Summer, by watering and crop¬ ping it. 1849 Claridge Cold Water-cure 42 Cold water, as a beverage, fortifies the stomach and intestines.. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. xiii, Mr. Inspector hastily fortifying himself with another glass. 1 3 . To render more powerful or effective; to strengthen, reinforce with additional resources or co-operation; to garrison (a fortress) ; to provide (an army, etc.) with necessaries. Obs. 1470-85 Malory Arthur 1. xviii, They had..moo than eyght thousand for to fortyfye alle the fortresses in the marches of Cornewaylle. 1480 Robt. Devyll in Thoms Prose Rom. 6 He ever prayed to God to send hym a chyld ..to multyply and fortyfy his lynage. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. lxxii. 94 The countesse. .fortifyed all her garisons of euery thyng y fc they wanted. 1548 Hall Citron., Hen. VI (an. 31) 165 He fortified Burdeaux with Englishmen and victayle. 1612 Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 190 It fortifieth the other medicines, and doubleth their forces. 1670 Cotton Espernon 1.11.69 The Inhabitants of the Suburbs of St. Germains were order’d to slip in to fortifie the attempt. 1701^ Swift Contests Nobles fy Com. Wks. 1755 II. 1. 11 They admitted three thousand into a share of the government; and thus fortified, became the cruellest tyranny upon record. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 28, I fortified myself with the French captain, and the supercargo. b. To arm, strengthen with weapons. Cf. 7 - rare. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 121 ? 3 That great Variety of Arms with which Nature has differently fortified the Bodies of several kind of Animals, such as Claws, Hoofs, and Homs. 4 . To strengthen (liquors) with alcohol. 1880 Act 43 fy 44 Viet. c. 24 § 70 Any spirits warehoused.. may be used in the warehouse for fortifying wines. 1894 C. N. Robinson Brit. Fleet 142 In 1869 the present practice of fortifying the [lime] juice with rum was resorted to. 5 . a. To strengthen mentally or morally; to endow with immaterial resources ; to impart forti¬ tude to; to cheer, encourage. 1477 Earl Rivers (Caxton) Didcs 19 It apparteigneth to euery man .. to seke science and ther with to fortiffie hym hauyng a good eye vpon his enemyes. 1573 Baret Alv. F 948 To haue a hart fortified with wisedome. a 1586 Sidney Arcadia 11. (1629) in Which .. so greatly fortified her desires, to see that her mother had the like desires. 1699 Locke Educ. § 70. 100 A young Man, before he leaves the shelter of his Father’s House, should be fortified with Resolution to secure his Vertue.^ 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 155 r 8 Every delay gives vice another opportunity of fortifying itself by habit. 1761 Hume Hist. Eng. II. xxiii. 69 The king .. fortified by this unsuccessful attempt to dethrone him. a 1794 Gibbon Life viii. (1839) 238 Timidity was fortified by pride. 1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. vii. (1875) 269 Their courage was fortified by a fervent prayer. b. To confirm, corroborate, add support to (a statement, etc.). To fortify oneself-, to confirm one’s statement, etc. + Also ( rarely ) intr. for refl. C1449 Pecock Repr. 285 To fortofie and strength the same badde answere. 1529 More Dyaloge 1. Wks. 164/1 That glose he would haue fortified .. with another worde of Christ, c 1532 Dewes Iiitrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 1063 Mylorde the President fortifyeng sayd that we be nat bounde by the lawe to say. 1678 Trans. Crt. Spain 5 To fortifie his Reasons, he sent us a Manifesto.. 1833 Ht. Martineau Loom fy Lugger 11. v. 96 A distinct charge is brought against you, fortified by particulars. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, Plato Wks. (Bohn) I. 295 If he made transcendental distinctions, he fortified himself by drawing all his illustra¬ tions from sources disdained by orators. + 6. intr. To gain strength, grow strong. Obs. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 11. xxii. § 6 How they [the affections] gather and fortify. 1658 Evelyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 165 Leaving the least to bear seed, and that the plant may fortifie. 1660 Sharrock Vegetables 126 Bind up..the strongest and forwardest first, letting the other fortifie. II. To strengthen against attack. 7 . trans. To provide (a town or its walls) with defensive works; to protect with fortifications. 1436 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 166 To fortefye anone he dyd devyse Of englysshe townes iij. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. (1880)165 The walles of that cyte ben fortefyed with towres. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda*s Conq. E. Ind. lvii. 120 All their houses well fortified with sundry trenches round about. 1611 Bible Isa. xxii. 10 The houses haue yee broken downe to fortifie the wall. 1759 Robertson Hist. Scot. I. 11.152 These were immediately commanded to fortify Leith. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 86 It is environed with walls, but not regularly fortified. 1893 Academy 13 May 411/2 The opposite bank .. was admirably fortified. transf. 1601 Holland Pliny I. m This isle is fortified with the mount Prion. 1705 Addison Italy 8 A Rock that runs out into the Sea, and is well fortify’d by Nature. 1726 Leoni tr . Albertis Archit. II. 121/1 A Pier, .to fortifie a Port. fig. 1548 Hall Citron., Rich. Ill (an. 3) 42 b, Realmes and countries are fortified and munited with a double power. 1644 Milton Ay cop. (Arb.) 50 Shut and fortifie one gate against corruption. 1775 Johnson Tax. no Tyr. 31 His house is fortified by the law. 1850 Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) I. ix. 355 He. .fortified his position against the malevolence of a future consul. 8 . To surround (an army, oneself) with defences; to put in a position of defence. 1548 Hall Citron., Hen. V (an. 3) 48 b, The fotemen were hedged about with the stakes. .This device of fortifiyng an army was at this tyme fyrst invented. 1590 Marlowe 2nd Pt. Tatnburl. in. ii, I’ll have you learn, .the way to fortify your men. 1837 W. Irving Capt. Bonneville III. 47 Here they proceeded to fortify themselves. 9 . intr. To erect fortifications; to establish a position of defence. 1570-6 Lambardk Peramb. Kent (1826) 185 Sailing up the River of Thamise, he fortifieth at Middleton, c 1600 Sir R. Cecil Let. in Naunton Fragnt. Reg. (Arb.) 61 They will first fortifie and learn the strength of the Rebels. 1774 Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772. 293 No people will give them¬ selves the trouble of fortifying amidst the security of friends. ^1885 U. S. Grant Personal Mem. I. 331 The enemy was fortifying at Corinth. trans/. and fig. 1591 Lyly Endym. 1. iii, I will withdraw myselfe to the river, and there fortifie for fish, c 1600 Shaks. Sottyt. lxiii, For such a time do I now fortifie Against con¬ founding Ages cruell knife. Hence Fo*rtifying ppl. a. 1863 W. B. Jerrold Sign. Distress 22 Soup, made of sound and fortifying materials. 1872 Bagehot Physics fy Pol. (1876) 217 The fortifying religions., those which lay the plainest stress on the manly parts of morality. Fortifying (fgutifsiiii)), vbl. sb. [f. prec. + -ingF] The action of the vb. Fortify. Also gerundially with omission of in. 1580 Hollyband Trcas.Fr. Tong, Fortifiement, a fortify¬ ing. 1719 De Foe Crusoe I. iv, I laid aside..my building, and fortifying. 1774 S. Cooper in Franklin s Wks. (1887) V. 364 The entrance into this town is now fortifying by the soldiery. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 191 Fortify¬ ing, is the operation of strengthening a ship’s stern and bows. 1832 J. H. Newman Lett. (1891) I. 287 Lying down is an instant specific for it [sea-sickness], and eating, a cer¬ tain alleviation and fortifying against it. 1866 Geo. Eliot F. Holt (1868) 40 Sir Maximus Debarry who had been at the fortifying of the old castle. t b. concr. A fortification, defence. Obs. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cclxxxiii. 422 The fote men.. beate downe the fortifyeng and barryers. 1553 Brende Q. Curtins vii. 138 b, The King of Scythia .. iudging y 4 the fortifieng vpon the ryuers side, shuld be as a yoke to his neck. 1573 Baret A Iv. F 950 A proppe, a fortifying. fulcimentum. t Forti'ht, v. Obs. (early ME.) (OE. fortyh- tan, f. For- pref.^ + tyhtan to draw.] trans. To draw aside (to evil) ; to seduce. a 1000 Elene 208 (Gr.) Swa se ealda feond.Jeode fortyhte. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 87 Seuene o#re gostes .. fortehten hit [|?at child]. Ibid. io7pedeuel mid hisfortihtinge bringe <5 unnut hone on mannes hearte. Fortilage, fortiless, obs. ff. of Fortalice. t Fo'rtin, sb. Obs. [a. F .fortin, dim. of fort: see Fort sb.~\ A small fort; a field-fort. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Fortin, or Field-fort. 1721-36 in Bailey. 1744 Hanmer conjecture in Shaks. 1 Hen. IV, 11. iii. 55 Of palisadoes, fortins [1623 frontiers], parapets. + Fo'rtin, a. Obs. rare— 1 , [a. OY. fortin (used only of Samson), f. fort strong.] Strong. 1340 Aycnb. 204 Samson fortin. Fortingle, var. f. of Farthingdeal, Obs. 1721-36 in Bailey. For-tired: see For- pref. x 6 . Fortis (fjrrtis). [f. L. fortis adj., strong.] A variety of dynamite : see quot. 1889 Major Cundill Did. Explosives, Glycero-Nitre .. This explosive has been submitted for authorisation in this country under the name of ‘ Fortis ’. || Forti'ssimo, adv. Music. [It. fortissimo, superl. of forte : see Forte.] Very loud. (Abbre¬ viated ff.,ffor., or fortiss .) Also quasi-a^'. 1724 Short Explic. For. Words in Music 32 Fortissimo , is Extream loud. 1767 Sterne Tr. Shandy ix. xi, Amen, cried my father, fortissimo. 1883 Miss Braddon Golden Calf\. ii. 50 If their pianissimo passages failed in delicacy, there was no mistake about their fortissimo. 1889 A theneeum 6 Apr. 448/3 A splendid effect being gained by the sudden entry of the combined chorus fortissimo to the words ‘ Hosannah ! Lord of Lords ! ’ [Fortition, spurious word; see Sortition.] Fortitude (fj?'.ititi«d). [a. F. fortitude, ad. L. fortitudo, i.fortis strong : see Fort a.] + 1 . Physical or structural strength. Obs. 1553 Eden Treat. Newelnd.( Arb.) 15 A beast, .excellinge all other beastes in fortitude and^ strength. 1591 Shaks. 1 Hen. VI, 11. i. 17 Dispairing of his owne armes fortitude. 1604 — Oth. 1. iii. 222 The Fortitude of the place is best knowne to you. 1703 T. N. City fy C. Purchaser 50 Bond¬ ing of Brick-work, .conduces very much to its Fortitude. 2 . Moral strength or courage. Now only in pas¬ sive sense: Unyielding courage in the endurance of pain or adversity, (One of the cardinal virtues.) FORTITUDINOUS FORTUNACY. [c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. p 654 Agayns.. Accidie..ther is a vertu that is called P'ortitudo.j 1500-20 Dunbar Poems lxviii. 77 Fortitude, prowdence, and temperance. 1609 Bible (Douay) Zech. xiii. Comm., The Apostles fleing God recalled them, and streingthened them with fortitude. 1713 Steele Englishm . No. 22. 144 Fortitude is the peculiar Excellence of Man. 1754 Mrs. Delany Let. 10 Nov., The Duchess of Queensbury bears her calamity with great fortitude. 1818 Hazlitt Eng. Poets ii. (1870) 27 Fortitude does not appear at any time to have been the distinguishing virtue of poets. 1848 Dickens Dombey vi. (C. D. ed.) 40 She could bear the disappointments of other people with tolerable fortitude. 3 . AstroL A position or circumstance whicli heightens the influence of a planet; a dignity. 1547 Boorde Astronamye Contents in Introd. Knowl. (1870) Forewords 23 The iii[i], capytle doth shew of the for¬ titudes of the planetes. 1695 Congreve Love for L. 11. i, Sure the Moon is in all her Fortitudes. Fortitudinous (ffutitiw’dinas), a. [f. L .for- titudin-em (see Fortitude) + -ous.] Endowed with or characterized by fortitude. 1752 Fielding Amelia Wks. 1775 X. 224 As fortitudinous a man as any in the King’s dominions. 1781 Gibbon Decl. F. III. lii. 262 These fortitudinous heroes are awed by the superior fierceness of the lions and tigers. 1878 Morley Carlyle 175 Right service performed in fortitudinous temper. Fortlet (fjritlet). Also 4, 6 fortelet. [f. Fort sb. + -let. (In quot. 1330 it may be an error for forcelete or fortelece : see Forcelet, Fortalice.)] A small fort. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. IVace (Rolls) 4822 Hys pleyn londes he let hym haue, Bot his forteletes he dide saue. 1538 Leland I tin. VII. 55 Alytle poore Steple as a Fortelet for a Brunt. 1613 Sir H. Finch Law (1636) 354 As if he that took them driue them to a Fortlet or Castle. 1781 Justamond Priv.Life Lewis XV, III. 372 The troops were employed in burning a fortlet. 1817 G. Chalmers Pref. to Churchyard's Chips , Murton's Trag. 159 The master de¬ fended the donjon of the fortlet against the regent. 1859 Times 26 Dec. 7/2 The new fortlets have been completed. Fortnight (fputnait). Forms: 3 furten-, 3-5 fourte-, (5 fourtee-, fowerte-), 4-5 fourten-, fowrt(e-, 5-7 fo(u)rth-, 6 fourt-, (fortk-), 6- fort-: see Night. [Contracted form of OE. fdowertyne niht fourteen nights. Cf. Sennight. For the ancient Germanic method of reckoning by nights see Tacitus Germania xi.] 1 . A period of fourteen nights; two weeks. a 1000 Laws of Ina § 55 O j? ( 5 aet feovvertyne niht ofer Eastron. c 1275 Lay. 25675 Nou his folle fourteniht [ c 1205 feowertene niht] bat he hire haueb i-holde for]> riht. 13.. Guy Wamu. (A.) 4236 Al a fourten ni3t sike he lay. c 1440 Gcnerydes 5342 It passith not a fourthnyght sithe it was. 1530 Palsgr. Introd. 20 It is but a senyghtes labour, or, at the moste, a fourtnyghtes. 1639 Hamilton Papers (Camden) 81, I shall make ane end of uhuat I can do in on fortnighte. c 1720 Prior Case Stated 8 It wanted a fortnight to Bartle- mew-fair. 1879 Froude Caesar viii. 69 During the brief fortnight of his seventh consulship. b. This day , Monday, f Monday was ( a ), etc. fortnight : a fortnight from (this day, etc.). 1389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 71 Y° tridde shal been y° Sunday fowrtenytz aftere hestern. 1470-85 Malory Arthur x. ii, I. .haue remembraunce of your promyse that ye haue made with me to doo bataille with me this day fourtenyght. 1605 Nottingham Rec. IV. 278 To be payd..ioli. this day fort¬ night. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 533 p 2 On Monday was fortnight it was my misfortune to come to London. + 2 . attrib .; occas. quasi-a^'. = Fortnightly. 1549 Latimer 4 thSerm.bef. Edw. PTJArb.) 120 There was thre wekes sessions at newgate, and fourthnyghte Sessions at the Marshialshy. 1563 Child Marriages (E. E. T. S.) 59 At the fortnight end, he maried her not, but [etc.]. Fortnightly (fpMtnaitli), a. and adv. [f. prec. + -LY.] A. adj. Happening or appearing once in a fortnight. B. adv. Once in a fortnight. 1800 Dundee Mag. Dec. Pref., He then published a Fort¬ nightly Magazine which was carried on for two years. 1820 Lamb Elia, Ser. 1. South-Sea Ho., His fine suite of official rooms .. resounded fortnightly to the notes of a concert. 1854 H. Miller Sell, ty Sc/wt. (1858) 325 The masons, .were paid fortnightly. 1881 Macm. Mag. XLIII. 436/1 Fort¬ nightly Sunday concerts are to be given next season. t Fo'rto, fo - rt(e, prep, and conj. Obs. [f. For prep. + To prep.] A. prep. Till, until; up to, as far as. c 1200 Trin. Coll. How. 33 Al mankin was wunende on muchele wowe. .forte hat like time [>at [etc.], a 1225 Alter. R. 38 *Aue Maria’, uort ‘Dominus tecum’. 1297 R. Glouc. 11724) 463 pe kyng. .vorto Mydewynter ney byseged pe emperesse. c 1330 Art/i. Merl. 4796 That strengthe him last Fort arnemorwe. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 25 Alle pe woke longe, forto Saturday at none. b. In conjunctional phrase, Fort{e that: until. c X200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 51 pe king of babilonie bilai pe burh ierusalem, forte pat hit [=he it] wan. c 1275 Lay. 11518 Mauric verde vorp riht..forte that he come to Maxi¬ mum. c 1330 King 0/ Tars 396 The mayden .. al niht lay and wepe Forte that day gon dawe. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. VII. 2 A gyde, That mihte folwen us vefi a fote forte that we come there, c 1450 Two Cookery-bks. 114 Wash hem [peson] clene in cold water, fort that ye holys go of. B. conj. Till, until. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 23 For to pe time cam pat he heregede helle. c 1275 Lay. 7563 Alle dai was pat fiht forte hit were dorcke nipt. 13.. Guy IPai-w. (A.) 668 No grome louen y no may Fort he be kni3t. c 1440 Marriage Sent. in Bk. Offices (MS. Hereford Cath. No. 45), Ich — take the — to my wedded wife, .forte deth us departe. c 1450 Two Cookery-bks. 11.114 Nym a pond of ris, seth hem fort hit berste. + Fortoggle, v. Obs. rare ~ '. [f. Fon-pref . 1 + toglen, Toggle vi] trans. To distract. 478 a 1300 Cursor M. 24606 Fortoglid [ Go'll, fortugildl bus wit trei and tene. Bof toiled : see For- prefP 6 b. Fortoken, -told, -top, -touch: see Fore¬ token, etc. Fortorn, -tossed: see For- pref . 1 5 b and 5. + Fortravail, -vel, v. Obs. [f. For- pref . 1 + Travail zl] trans. To exhaust with labour. c 1305 St. Kenelm 314 in E. E. P. (1862) 56 Fortrauailled hy were sore: bat hi moste slepe echon. 1375 Barbour Bruce 111. 326 The king saw that he .. wes for-trawaillyt. 1496 Dives *p Paup. (W. de W.) ix. ii. 349/1 The fende .. thre houres togydre.. fortrauayled hym. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xviil. 20 His men of warre..were meruailously fortrauailed. 1819 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd (1827) 129 The sutor-folk.. Wi’ flings fortravail’d and forfairn. t Fortrea’d, v. Obs. [OY. fori redan, f. For- prefd + tredan to Tread.] trans. To tread down, tread under foot; to destroy by trampling. c 1000 /Kli-lic Horn. II. 90 Wejferende hit [ 5 aet sted] fortraedon, c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 155 Sum of pe sed .. fel hi pe wei, and was fortreden. c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. r 116 In helle schulle pay be al fortrode of deueles. C1450 Chester PI. (Shaks. Soc.) IX. 143 Eatinge over all that he collide fonge The remnant he fore-treade. Jig- c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. iv. pr. i. 85 It [vertue] is cast vndyr and fortroden vndyr the feet of felonos foolk. Fortress (fp Jtres),^. Forms : 4-5 forteresse, Sc. fortrace, fortrass, 4 forceress (? read fort-], 5-7 fortresse, 6 fortres, 4- fortress, [a. OF. forteresse strength, a strong place, f. fort strong; a variant of, or parallel formation with, fortelesce Fortalice.] 1 . A military stronghold, fortified place ; in mod. use chiefly one capable of receiving a large force ; often applied to a strongly fortified town regarded from a military point of view. 13.. K. Alis. 2668 Wei they warden gatis alle, The fortresses and the walle. £1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wacc (Rolls) 7143 When he had alle bys forceresses .. 3 yt he boughte [etc.], c 1450 Merlin 192 Kynge Arthur hadde wele garnysshed alle the forteresses of hys londe. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. Ep. A j, Divers stronge Castels and Fortresses were peaceably geven up. 1665 Manley Grotius' Lcnv C. IVarres 759 There was a strong Fortress raised close by the City. 1769 Robertson Chas. V, II. 11. 90 Those in garrison at Goletta threatened to give up that important fortress. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 45 Thick walls and turrets at the angles gave the whole the aspect and the reality of a fortress. transf. and Jig. 1477 Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 104 The hertis of good peple ben the castell & forterescis of secretes. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 757 Affection to- wardes hym, had bene to his noble children .. a merveilous fortresse and sure armor. 1603 R. Niccols Fun. Orat. Q. Eliz., Her countrie was the fortresse of banisht men. 1738 Wesley Psalms xviii. 1 My Rock and Fortress is the Lord. 2 . attrib . and Comb .: a. simple attrib., as fortress- company, -engineer ; b. appositive, as fortress- chapel , - rock, -tomb ; C. instrumental, as fortress- guarded adj. 1838 Miss Pardoe River Desert II. 52 The ^fortress* chapel of Notre-Dame-de-la-Garde. 1893 Daily News 24 Jan. 5/7 A garrison company of artillery, a ^fortress company of engineers. 1894 Westin. Gaz. 4 Oct. 4/3 A com¬ pany of ^fortress engineers. 1887 Pall Mall G. 24 Jan. 1/2 Across the *fortress-guarded frontier. 1838 Miss Pardoe River $ Desert I. 218 Our *fortress-rock of Gibraltar. 1835 Willis Pencillings I. xii. 90, I crossed the Tiber at the *fortress-tomb of Adrian. Fortress (fp’itres), v. [f. prec. sb.] trans. To furnish with a fortress or fortifications; to protect with or as with a fortress. Chiefly transf. and fig. 1542 Becon Pathw. Prayer Wks. (1564) 68 a, Hitherto I haue fortressed this my treatise with the sayinges of y° godly learned Doctors. 1545 Joye Exp. Dan. xii. 232 That holy hyghe mount of Sion, well fortreced and turretted. 1546 in Strype Eccl. Mem. 1. lii. 390 Our most puissant.. King fortressed his most flourishing monarchy .. with all things that a man can invent. 1602 Marston Ant. <$• Mel. Induct., So impregnably fortrest with his own content. 1652 Wharton tr. Rothmaniis Chiromancy Ded. Wks. (1683) 2 Learning is best Fortress’d of those by whom she is most understood. 1848 Lowell Biglcnu P. Poems 1890 II. 34 Want was the prime foe these hardy exodists had to fortress themselves against. 1857 Frasers Mag. LVI. 499 Those grassy banks that fortressed him and his household from the rage of waters. Hence Fcrrtressed ppl. a., Fo'rtressing vbl.sb . 1542 Becon Davids Harp Wks. (1564) 159 b, There was no kyngdom so inuincible, strong, and fortressed, but that he .. was able easly to ouercome. 1624 Chapman Homer's Hymn Venus Wks. (1858) 95 Venus, that owes in fate the fortressing Of all maritimal Cyprus. 18.. Lowell To Garrison Poet. Wks. 1890 I. 284 The lesson taught of old .. In our single manhood to be bold, Fortressed in conscience. 1895 Reliquary Oct. 194 The stern, severe, massive for¬ tressed work of their sister city, Florence. t Fo’rt-royal. Obs. [f. Fort + Royal a. Cf. Fr. bastion royal a great bastion.] Some kind of fort of great size and strength : see quot. 1706. 1645 N. Stone Enchir. Foriif. 39 To convert a Square Fortresse. .into a Fort-Royall. 1672 Essex Papers (Camden) I. 4 Kinsale might haue a Forte Royall erected on it [the Harbour]. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Fort Royal, a Fort that has 26 Fathoms for the Line of Defence. fig' *650 Hubbert Pill Formality 12 Hypocrisie is the devils Fort-Royal. 1681 Whole Duty Nations 36 To ac¬ knowledge this Union the Fort-Royal against the hostile Invasions of Popery. t Fortuit, a. Obs. Also 7 -ite. [a. Y. fortuit, ad. L. fortuities-, see Fortuitous.] Fortuitous. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. v. pr. i. 117 (Camb. MS.) Fortuit hap. 1530 Palsgr. Introd. 16 Utterly fortuyt and done by chaunce. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 11. iii. v, False feares and all other fortuit inconueniences. 1668 M. Casaubon Credulity (1670) 15 That the world was made by a fortuit concourse of Atomes. Hence + Fortuitness. 1642 Sir K. Dig by Observ. Rcligio Medici (1659) *8 For- tuitnesse or Contingency of things. + Fortui’tion. Obs. rare- 1 . a 1641 Bp. Mountagu Acts «$• Mon. (1642)417 They in¬ ferred fate, fortuition. .and co-incidency of all things. Fortuitism (fpitkHtiz’m). [f. Fortuit-ous + -ism.] The belief that adaptations in nature are produced by natural causes operating ‘ for¬ tuitously So Fortu itist, one who believes in fortuitism. 1881 St. James's Gaz. 14 Apr. 13/1 There will always be teleologists, no doubt, and there will always be fortuitists (if we may coin a needful correlative term); but.. Professor Mivart’s teleology now so nearly approaches Mr. Darwin’s fortuitism that [etc.]. 1890 Univ. Rev. 15 June 239 In assigning the lion’s share of development to the accumula¬ tion of fortunate accidents, he tempted fortuitists to try and cut the ground from under Lamarck’s feet. Fortuitous (fp-iti/ritos), a. [f. L . fortmt-us, f. forte by chance, f. fors chance + -ous.] That happens or is produced by fortune or chance; acci¬ dental, casual. Fortuitozis concourse of atoms : see Concourse 3. Fortuitous event (Law): see quot. 1856. 1653 H. More Antid. Ath. hi. xv. (1712) 135 This Argu¬ ment against the fortuitous concourse of Atoms. 1712 Addison Sped. No. 293 ? 4 The highest Degree of it [Wisdom] which Man can possess, is by no means equal to fortuitous Events. 1806 Fellowes tr. Milton's zud Def. Wks. (Bohn) I. 240 This extraordinary kindness .. cannot be any fortuitous combination. 1823 Scott Perieril Pref. Let., A fortuitous rencontre. 1856 Bouvier Amer. Law Did., Fortuitous event, a term in the civil law to denote that which happens by a cause which cannot be resisted .. Or it is that which neither of the parties has occasioned or could prevent. 1865 Pall Mall G. 27 Oct. 6 The epithet he [Lord Palmerston] applied to the coalition of parties against him on the China question in 1857 —‘afortui¬ tous concourse of atoms \ 1877 Sparrow Serin, xviii. 241 Neither fortuitous nor necessitated, but entirely under the governmental control of the great and good God.. absol. 1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol, iv. ii. (1872) I. 408 All grades, from the necessary to the fortuitous. Fortuitously (fpitizritQsli), adv. [f. prec. + -LY 2 .] In a fortuitous manner, by chance. a 1652 J. Smith Set. Disc. vi. viii. (1821) 258 This gift was not so fortuitously dispensed as to be communicated without any discrimination of persons, a 1711 Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 97 Wiles, Trech’ry, Lies, Guilt, Flat¬ tery, Deceit, Like Atoms here fortuitously meet. 1871 Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (1879) II. v. 64 Atom is added to atom, .not boisterously or fortuitously. Fortuitousness (f^Jti/Htosnes). [f. as prec. 4- -ness.] The quality of being fortuitous; acci¬ dent, chance, fortuity. 1652 Gaule Magastrom. 132 How have men. been cruci¬ fied betwixt inevitable fatation and undeterminate fortui¬ tousness ! 1798 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. XXVII. 580 Whether the personages were brought together .. by the pretended fortuitousness of a nicely contrived probability. 1844 N Brit. Rev. I. 116 They allow them to be guided by no accident or fortuitousness. Fortuity (fpitirnti). [irreg. f. L. fortuities : see Fortuitous and -ity.] Fortuitous character, fortuitousness; accident, chance; an accidental occurrence. Occasionally used for: Appearance of fortuitousness or unstudiedness. a 1747 D. Forbes Incredulity 80 How they can be sure, that those deserved judgments were the effect of mere fortuity. 1790 Paley Horse Paul. Wks. 1825 III. 194 Forgeries confirming and falling in with one another by a species of fortuity. 1829 I. Taylor Enthus. vi. (1867) no It is by the fortuities of life that the religious enthusiast is deluded, i860 Reade Cloister H. II. 245 One of the company, by some immense fortuity, could read, i860 Geo. Eliot Mill on FI. 1. vii, She looks..at her bracelets, and adjusts their clasps with that pretty studied fortuity which [etc.]. 1885 J. Martineau Types Eth. Tk. (1886) II. 11. i. 372 Nothing that might not happen in a universe of fortuity. t Fo’rtunable, a. Obs. [a. OF. fortunable (‘ unfortunate Godef.): see Fortune and -able.] 1 . Favoured by fortune, fortunate. £1470 Harding Chron. ccxxv. ii, The lord Wiloughby, full fortunable. i486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. Aiij, He the wich berith in his Cote armur that stone, fortunable of victori in his kinges battayl shall be. 1556 Aurelio $ /sal). (1608) B, It behoveth that suche persons be well fortunable. 2 . Bringing good fortune, lucky. c 1465 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 3 There was neuer birde brede vnder pe stone More fortunable in a felde ban ]?at birde hath be. 1513 Douglas VEneis 1. xi. 75 We the beseik, this day be fortunable To ws Tirianis. 3 . Pertaining to fortune or chance, fortuitous. 1509 Barclay S/iyp of Folys (1570) 46 Thus is that man voyde of all intelligence Whom fortune fedeth with chaunce fortunable. 1606 Bryskett Civ. Life 253 Such things as are subiect to change; and may be and not be; may be done or not done; and (when al is said) are fortunable. Hence + Fo'rtiinably adv., by fortune. 1555 Abp. Parker Ps. (1556) C iv, If by chaunce thou fullest amonges thyne enemies, and yet hast fortunably escaped them. + Fo’rtunacy. Obs . [f. Fortunate a. : see -acy.] Fortunateness, good fortune. 1580 Lodge Forb. Prise. (Shaks. Soc.) 94 The fortunacie FORTUNARY. 479 FORTUNE. of Forbonius is. .unfortunate for thy selfe. 1624 [T. Scott] Vox Corti 29 Ending these warres with more fortunacie. t Fortunary. Obs .— 1 [f. Fortune sb. + -ary.] One who deals in fortunes, a fortune-teller. 1652 Gaule Magastrom, 147 And why doe our Fataries and Fortunaries so confound them: especially in their prognostications or predictions? Fortunate (f*?’Jti/?nt v t\ a. (and sb.) Also 4-5 fortunat, 5 fortenat. [ad. L. fort final-us, f. for - tfindre (see Fortune z>.).] 1 . Favoured by fortune ; possessed of or receiving good fortune; lucky, prosperous. Said of persons; also, of an enterprise, event, etc. Const, to and inf. c 1386 Chaucer Nuns Priest’s Prol. 10 Whan a man .. clymbeth vp and wexeth fortunat. 1390 Gower Conf. III. 115 He shall be. .fortunate to marchandy. c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems 37 Wold God of myhte, I had be borne, by influence hevenly, So fortunate, that [etc.]. 1514 Bainbridge in Ellis Orig.Lett. Ser. 11. I. 232 Which [enterprise] I shall besiche the blisside Trynitie to make fortunate. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 13 Their attempts more desperate .. and their success fortunater. 1607 Shaks. Cor. iv. iii. 39, I am most fortunate, thus accidentally to encounter you. 1647 Claren¬ don Hist. Reb. 1. § 70 Nor was he very fortunate in the election of those Dependants. 1705 J. Philips Blenheim 48 Burleigh (fortunate .. to serve The best of Queens). 1830 D’Israeli Chas.I, Ill.vii. 150 [He] was fortunate enough to save himself by flight. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. 1 .171 He. .might think himself fortunate when [etc.]. transf. 1870 Lowell Study Wind. 335 Authors who. .have written one or two pieces so facile in thought and fortunate in phrase as to be carried lightly in the memory. b. Fortunate Islands ( = L. Fortunate Insulae ), fabulous isles of the Western Ocean, the abode of the blessed dead. Also fig. I 43 2 ’" 5 ° tr * Higden (Rolls) I. 321 The Yles Fortunate. 1553 Eden Treat. Newe hid. Contents, The fortunate Ilandes, otherwyse called the Ilandes of Canaria. 1639 T. Brugis tr. Camus ’ Mor. Relat. 273 Keepe his course to¬ wards the fortunate Hands of Parmenes favour. 2 . Bringingorpresaginggoodfortune; auspicious, favourable, lucky. C1391 Chaucer Astrol. 11. § 4 They wol caste that thei have a fortunat planete in hir assendent. 1582 Bentley Mon. Matrones 11. 5 Thou.. also hast giuen vnto mee the right fortunate gift of grace. 1676 Lilly Guide Astrol. 75 To consider in Nativities .. if a Fortune fortunate and no way afflicted be in the seventh. 1741 Middleton Cicero I. i. 20 Postumius .. proclaming it to be a fortunate omen. 1841 Lane Arab. Nts. I. 68 Thursday and Friday are con¬ sidered fortunate. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 154 It ought to be considered as a most fortunate circumstance that [etc.]. 1880 Mrs. Forrester Roy V. I. n ‘ This is fortunate she cries gaily. 3 . a. absol. passing into a sb. (See next sense.) 1655 Stanley Hist. Philos. 1. (1701) 29/1 The rich is more able to satisfie his desires .. yet the fortunate excels him. 1710 Steele Tatler No. 202 ip 5 Each coming upon the same Errand, to know whether they were of the Fortunate in the Lottery. 1776 Gibbon Decl. 4 F. I. xv. 379 The fortunate are satisfied with the possession of this world. b. sb. (with pi.) A fortunate person or thing; esp. in Astrol. a fortunate planet, sign, etc. 1614 Tomkis A tbwnazar v. i, Search your Natiuitie: see if the Fortunates And Luminaries bee in a good Aspect. 1655 H. Vaughan Sitex Scint. (1858) 37 Marriage of all states Makes most unhappy, or most fortunates. 1894 W. B. Harte in Arena (Boston) June 3 The colony of fortunates whom Almighty God sent ready booted and spurred to ride over the millions. + Fo’rtunate, v. Obs. Also 6 pa. pple. fortun¬ ate. ff. fortunat-, ppl. stem of fortunare\ see Foktone v. and -ate 3 .] trans. To make fortunate, give good fortune to, prosper. Also absol. ci 420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 180 Let sowe hit on, and God hit fortunate. 1535 Shaxton Let. Cro?nwell in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. App. lxi. 152 [I] shall rejoyce that God hath fortunate my writing. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xiii. (1632) 730 These petty braues thus giuen to the King, were farther fortunated with a little victory. 1647 Lilly Chr. Astrol. xxvii. 169 If the Lord of the third fortunate the Lord of the second .. he will be assisted in procuring an Estate. 1792 Sibly Astrology I. 18 Some heavenly influ¬ ence .. that .. fortunateth or infortunateth by mistake of words, signals, or acts. t Fo'rtunateling“. Obs. [f. Fortunate a. + -ling.] A favourite of fortune. 1605 A. Warren Poor Mans Pass, cxvii, Succour and meanes of maintenance to mee, The. .ayre, the woods, and waters giue, Though Fortunatelings hate it so to bee. Fortunately (f^iti/zn^tli), adv. [f. Fortunate a. + -LY 2 .] In a fortunate manner ; by or with good fortune, happily, luckily, successfully. In mod. use often qualifying the whole sentence, inti¬ mating that the fact stated is fortunate. 1548 Hall Chron ., Hen. V (an. 4) 54 After this victorye fortunately obteined. 1600 Holland Livy 11. xvi. (1609^54 In that yeare the Romanes fought with the Sabines fortunatelie [bene pugnatuni], 1681 Dryden Abs. Sp A chit. 51 These Adam-wits, too fortunately free, Began to dream they wanted Liberty. 1706 Maule Hist. Piets in Misc. Scot. 1 .16 The Roman Emperors who warred fortunatly against them. 1794 Paley Evid. I. 1. 1. iv. 82 When, fortunately for their preservation, they were not found at home. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 122 Fortunately, Lord De la War., met them the day after they had sailed. 1855 Motley Dutch Rep. (1864) I. 171 As vacillating and incompetent a statesman as he was prompt and fortunately audacious in the field, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xi. 72, I fortunately possessed a box of wax matches. Fortunate ness (f/utitfn/tnes). [f. as prec. + -ness.] The quality or state of being fortunate. 1530 Pai.sgr. 222/2 Fortunatnesse, bienhevretS. 1580 Sidney Arcadia (1622) 117 Whose greatest fortunatenesse is more vnfortunate, then my sisters greatest vnfortunatenesse. 1664 Marvell Corr. Wks. 1872-5 II. 122 Ti.e fortunateness of his Armes. 1825 Coleridge Aids Rcjl. (1848) I. 30 Felicity, in its proper sense, is but another word for for¬ tunateness, or happiness, i860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. ix. x. §9* 308 A sign of fortunateness. t Fortuna*tion. Obs. [f. Fortunate a. or v.\ see -ATION.] The action of making fortunate, the being favoured by fortune. c 1470 Harding Chron. xi. ii, He. .Reioysed highly of his fortunacion. 1727 Bailey vol. ll,Fortunation , luckiness, etc. Fortune (ffitiun), sb. Also 4-6 fortoun, 6 fortun. [a. F. fortune (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. fortfina , related to forti-, fors chance, and ferre to Bear.] 1 . Chance, hap, or luck, regarded as a cause of events and changes in men’s affairs. Often (after Latin) personified as a goddess, 1 the power sup¬ posed to distribute the lots of life according to her own humour ’ (J.) ; her emblem is a wheel, betokening vicissitude. a 1300 Cursor M. 32719 Dame fortune turnes hir quele And castes vs dun vntil a wele. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus 1. 781 (837) Wele fynde I that Fortune is my fo. 1390 Gower Conf. III. 106 The chaunces of the worlde also, That we fortune clepen so. 1489 Caxton Faytes of A. 111. xxi. 218 As longe as fortune was for them. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xv. 44 To fecht with fortoun is no wit. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, iv. iii. 47 Though fortune’s malice overthrow my state, My mind exceeds the compass of her wheel. 1683 Hacke Collect. Voy. (1699) 1. 41 Yet fortune did not favour them. 1770 Junius Lett. xli. 212 Here, .you have fortune on your side. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 497 When fortune changed .. his real propensities began to show themselves. b. In the name of fortune : see Name. + e. phr. By fortune : by chance. Upon for¬ tune : as it fell out. Obs. 1390 Gower Conf. III. 152 The worldes good was first comune, But afterward upon fortune Was thilke comun profit cessed. <11400 Maundev. (1839) xxvi. 267 Thoghe it happene, sum of hem, be Fortune, to gon out. a 1533 Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Cvj, Yf by fortune he falle. 1604 Shaks. Oth. v. ii. 226 That Handkerchiefe.. I found by Fortune, and did giue my Husband. d. with a defining phrase added, as the fortune of war, etc. 1390 Gower Conf. III. 12 The fortune of every chaunce.. To man it groweth from above. 1484 Caxton Fables of sEsop iv. xiv, When the toune is taken .. by fortune of war re. c 1489 — Sonnes of Aymon xxiv. 524 By fortune of wedryng they were well eyght moneths vpon the See. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon Ivii. 191 Fortune of y 6 se hath brought vs hyder. 1709 Steele TatlerNo. 58 in One who was his by the Fortune of War. 1827 Hallam Const. Hist. (1876) II. x. 177 It remained only..to try once more the fortune of war. e. A soldier of fortune (see quots. 1802, 1810). (F. soldat de fortune is explained by Littre in the sense given in quot. 1810, but this meaning is rare in English). 1661 Boyle Style of Script. (1675) 186 Like war which is wont as well to raise soldiers of fortune as to ruine men of fortune. 1685 South Serm. (1823) I. 212 Every warrior may in some sense be said to be a soldier of fortune. 1775 R. H. Lee in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev. (1853) L 13, I refer you to Mr. Frazer .. who goes to the camp a soldier of fortune. 1802 C. James Milit. Diet., Soldier of Fortune. During the frequent wars which occurred in Italy, before the military profession became so generally prevalent in Europe, it was usual for men of enterprise and reputation to offer their services to the different states that were en¬ gaged. .They afterwards extended their services, and under the title of soldiers of fortune fought for employment in every country or state that would pay them. 1810 Ibid. (ed. 3) s.v. Fortune, A soldier of Fortune, a military man who has risen from the ranks by his own merit. 1850 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. (1863) 338 A brave, reckless, profligate soldier of fortune. 1889 J. Corbett Monk xi. 156 He [Monk] patiently resumed his unassailable position of the obedient and disinterested soldier of fortune. f 2 . A chance, hap, accident; an event or incident befalling any one, an adventure. Obs. c 1350 Will. Paleme 157 As J>is fortune bi-fel i told of bi-fore, c 1500 Melusine xiii. 49 The Erie thought euer on Raymondyn.. that som ffortune he had fonde at the fontayne of Soyf. 1579 Fenton Guicciard. 1. 26 That in all accidents and fortunes, that citie should not faile to minister to him. 1596 Shaks. Tam. Shr. iii. ii. 23 What euer fortune stayes him from his word. 1655 Stanley Hist. Philos, iii. (1701) 75/1 Many other good Fortunes happening to the Athe¬ nians upon this day are Recorded by ./Elian. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle Pref. A iv, A Detail of Fortunes I have run through for many Years. J* b. A mishap, disaster. To rim a fortune ( = F. courir fortune de) : to run a risk. Obs. c 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xxxii. 121 Wher they arryued in fewe dayes wythout eny fortune, c 1500 Three Kings' Sons (E. E. T. S.) 67 It was tyme nowe to leue of alle sorowe & lamentacion for any fortune that was befalle. 1627 Lisander Up Cal. 11. 29, I had rather run a fortune in giving way unto your desire, than refuse you so small a matter. 3 . The chance or luck (good or bad) which falls to any one as his lot in life or in a particular affair. Also in pi. + Extretne fortune ( = L. res extreme ): the last extremity. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. 11. metr. iii. 27 (Camb. MS.) Wol- thow thanne trusten in the tomblynge fortunes of men ? ? <1:1400 Morte Arth. 1177 Ne had my fortune bene faire, fey had I leuede ! 1484 Caxton Fables of AEsop 2 First begynneth the lyf of Esope with alle his fortune. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccccii. 698 He that hath any yuell fortune, men wyll speke the worst therof. 1531 Yuyot Co 7 >erttouru. ii. ( I 534 ) 100b, It is no lyttell thyng to meruayle at, the maiestie showed in extreme fortune and mysery. 1582 N. Liche- field tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Hid. 5 b, Thanking God for their .. good fortune in this their first brunt of daunger. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. iv. v. 48 To know if it were my Masters fortune to haue her, or no. 1607-12 Bacon Ess., Of Fortune, Chieflie the mould of a Mans fortune is in himself. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 11. 22 It was my fortune to be at the Helm from 6 a Clock in the Evening till 8. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 125 The Women of Morocco, I mean all that I had the Fortune to see, were very handsome. 1752 Hume Ess. 4* Treat. (1777) I. 3 Good or ill fortune is very little at our disposal. 1827 Hallam Const. Hist. (1876) III. xvi. 232 Scotland was now doomed to wait on the fortunes of her more powerful ally. 1852 Thackeray Esmond 11. iii, Some good fortune at last occurred to a family which stood in great need of it. 1874 Green Short Hist. iii. § 2. 121 On the fortunes of Philip hung the fortunes of English freedom. b. attributed to things, purposes, undertakings. 1665 Boyle Occas. Refl. Pref. (1845) 34 They that would compleat the Good Fortune of these Papers. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 132 And undecided leave the Fortune of the Day. 1769 Robertson Chas. V , V. iv. 367 The fortune of the day was quickly changed. 1880 M c Carthy Chun Times IV. lx. 324 The fortunes of the war were virtually decided in a day. c. phr. To try one's fortune : to make trial how it will turn out (with the hope of its proving favour¬ able). Similarly (with mixture of senses 5, 6) to seek one s fortune. 1573 Baret Alv. F 955, I will aduenture, or trie and seeke my fortune. 1700 S. L. tr. Fryke’s Voy. E. Ind. 13 Any one that hath a mind to see the Indies, and to try his Fortune, a 1745 Swift (J.), His father dying, he was driven to London to seek his fortune. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones vii. x, To seek his fortune at sea, or rather, indeed, to fly away from his fortune on shore. C1790 Willock Voy. 94 They thought proper to sail towards the western isles, and try their fortune a little longer. d. That which is to befall a person in the future : chiefly in phr. to tell a person his fortune and to tell fortunes (said of would-be seers). 1375 Barbour Bruce iv. 640 For, or $e pass, I sail 30W schaw Of 3our fortoun a gret party. 1413 Pilgr. Saiule (Caxton 1483) iv. v. 60 Alisanclre. .fond two trees, whiche trees told hym his fortunes. 1647 Cowley Mistress, My fate 19 You, who men’s fortunes in their faces read. 1668 Pepys Diary 11 Aug., This afternoon my wife and Mercer ..to see the gypsies at Lambeth, and have their fortunes told. 1688 Lond. Gaz. No. 2375/2 The Visier then de¬ manded, if he could tell his own Fortune? 1847 Marryat Childr. N. Forest xi, They were great thieves, and told fortunes, and played all manner of tricks. 4. absol. ( = good fortune) : Good luck; success, prosperity. 1390 Gower Conf. III. 166 Though thou victoire have on honde, Fortune may nought stonde alwey. c 1490 Adam Bel Sp Clyin of Clough 429 in Ritson Anc. Pop. P. 21 Then went they to supper, Wyth such meat as they had, And thanked god of ther fortune. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xxix. 43 He was entred into such fortune and grace of the people. 1546 J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 62 God sendeth fortune to fooles. 1596 Harington Metam. Ajax ( 1814)9 A herald by great fortune found out his pedigree in an old church book. 1625 Bacon Ess. Ep. Ded. (Arb.) 498 Your Fortune, and Merit both, haue been Eminent, a 1698 Temple Misc. 11. Wks. 1720 I. 163 This Terrestrial Globe, .has since been surrounded by the Fortune and Boldness of several navigators. 1855 Motley Dutch Rep. 1. ii. (1866) 98 Saint Quentin being thus reduced, Philip was not more disposed to push his fortune. 5. One’s condition or standing in life; often absol. a prosperous condition, as in to make ones fortune = to win a good position in the world. Also//. 1600 Shaks. A. Y. L. 1. ii. 263 My pride fell with my fortunes. 1649 Milton Eikon. 14 A private conscience sorts not with a public Calling : but declares that Person rather meant by nature for a private fortune. 1677 Dryden State Innoc. v. 1 No, he shall eat, and dye with me, or live : Our equal crimes shall equal fortune give. 1680 Otway Orphan 1. i, Unable to advance her Fortune He left his Daughter to our Master’s care. 1683 Hacke Collect. Voy. (1699) l* 2 3 Had reason but ruled them, we might all have made our Fortunes. 1807-8 W. Irving Salmag. xv. (i860) 355 If y°u only make a great man laugh now and then, your fortune is made. 1886 Ruskin Prxterita I. v. 142 John.* went soon to push his fortune in Australia. 6 . Position as determined by wealth; amount of wealth; concr. a person’s possessions collectively, wealth, ‘ substance ’; + formerly also pi. in the same senses. A man, etc. of fortune : one possess¬ ing great (usually inherited) wealth. Also (with a and pi.) a stock of wealth, accumulated by an in¬ dividual or received by inheritance, as a marriage portion, etc.; ordinarily implying a somewhat ample amount. Phr. to make a, one's fortune. A smallfortune (colloq.): used hyperbolically to designate the extravagantly large amount paid for some object of expenditure. 1596 Spenser F. Q. vi. ix. 30 For wisedome is most riches; fooles therefore They are which fortunes doe by vowes devize. 1601 Shaks. Alls Well iii. vii. 14 You haue shew’d me that which well approues Y’ are great in fortune. 1604 — Oth. v. ii. 366 Seize vpon the Fortunes of the Moore. 1606 — Ant. Sp Cl. 11. v. 49 Make thee a Fortune from me. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. 1. § 123 He paid much too dear for his Wife’s Fortune, by taking her Person into the bargain. 1653 H. More Antid. Ath. Ep. Ded. (1712) 4 Those ample Fortunes that Divine Providence has bestowed upon you. 1725 Berkeley Proposal Wks. III. 222 There is no prospect of making a fortune by this small trade. 1732 — Alciphr. 1. § 12 Men of rank and fortune. 1791 Mrs. FORTUNE. 480 FORTY. Radcliffe Rom. Forest iii, A chevalier of family, but of small fortune. 1800 Song-, ‘ My face is my fortune, Sir’, she said. 1836 Marryat Midsh. Easy xxii, Imagining them . .to be young Englishmen of fortune on their travels. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 39 They might have made large fortunes out of them. 1886 Sir J. Pearson in Law Rep. 32 Ch. Div. 46 Every one of the partners is liable to the full extent of his fortune for all the debts incurred by the partnership. f 7 . Short for : A woman of fortune ; an heiress. 1655 A. Johnson in Nicholas Papers (Camden) II. 251 The Lady Bath (one of the greatest fortunes here). 1676 D’Urfey Mad. Fickle in. ii, She’s his Neece, a Widow, an approv’d fortune. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 19 if 2 He is secretly married to a great Fortune. 1752 Fielding Amelia 11. ii, She certainly was handsome, .and a very con¬ siderable fortune. 1823 Byron Juan xn. xxxii. 8 . Astrol. A name for the planets Jupiter and Venus (see also quot. 1819). 1671 Salmon Syn. Med. 1. viii. 22 A Planet is said to be a Fortune when he is conjoyned to the Fortunes or beseiged of them or their beams. 1679 Moxon Math. Did ., For¬ tunes, the two benevolent Planets 7/ and 9 > by reason of their kind and friendly Nature. 1819 J. Wilson Did. Astrol. s.v., The Sun. .The Moon and Mercury are likewise esteemed as fortunes when well aspected by 7/ and 9» and free from affliction. 1855 Smedley Occult. Sc. 309 Jupiter, ‘ the greater fortune ’. 9 . Comb., ^fortune-maker', + fortune-bit, -curst, -proof, -trodden adjs. ; also fortune-book, 4 a book consulted to know fortune or future events * (J.); + fortune-flinger, humorous for Fortune-teller; t fortune-speller = Fortune-teller ; + fortune- stealer, one who runs off with an heiress; so + fortune-stealing. 1682 Mrs. Behn City Heiress 56 Was ever man thus *Fortune-bit, that he shou’d cross my hopes just in the nick? 1646 Crashaw Love's Horosc. 12 A Face, in whose each looke, Beauty layes ope loves *Fortune-booke. 1649 G. Daniel Trinarch., Rich. II, cxcvii, And ’tis but only Fooles are *Fortune-curst. 1642 Shirley Sisters hi. 1, More antics yet? What nation have we here? *Fortune- flingers! a 1616 Beaum. & Fl. Bonduca 1. i, Are these the men that conquer by inheritance, The *fortune-makers. 1656 Duchess of Newcastle True Relat. Nature's Pid. 383 And Misery hath tried us, and finds us * Fortune-proof. 1652 Gaule Magastrom. 23 Away, then, with all.. Planet Prognosticators, and ^fortune spellers! 1712 Addison Sped. No. 311 p 1 Those audacious young Fellows among us who commonly go by the name of^Fortune-Stealers. 1680 Otway Orphan Epil. 19 The next Sparks that go a *Fortune- stealing. 1622 H. Sydenham Semi. Sol. Occ. 11. (1637) 137 Hee that’s *fortune-trodden. Fortune (fjputitZn), v. Also 5 forteyn(e, 6 forten, fortone. [a. OF. fortune-r to assign fortune to, make fortunate, ad. ~L.fortiinare to make fortunate, f .fortunes: see Fortune ■sA] + 1 . trans. To assign a (certain) fortune to (a person, affair, etc.); to allot, regulate, or control the fortunes of. Ol>s. C1386 Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1519 O stronge god..that..hast in euery regne and euery lond Of armes al the brydel in thyn hond, And hem fortunest as thee list deuise. 1390 Gower Con/. III. 361 With many an other mo. Which hadden be fortuned sore In loves cause. £1440 Generydes 1431 Atte last, as god wold fortune it. 1606 Shaks. Ant. 4- Cl. 1. ii. 77 Deere Isis, keep decorum, and Fortune him accordingly! + b. To ordain (a person), as his fortune or luck, to do something; to ordain (something) to happen, or that it shall happen. Obs. c 1430 Syr Gener. 1187 If god you fortune oones come to elde. 1463 Bury Wills (Camden) 18 What day God fortune y l I desesse. 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) II. 371 Gif God fortunit him to be on live. 1600 Fairfax Tasso v. xci, That Lord.. Shall Fortune all your Actions well to speed, t e. in Astrol. : To ascribe a (certain) fortune to. c 1386 Chaucer Prol. 419 Wei cowde he fortune the ascen¬ dent Of his ymages for his pacient. 1477 Norton Ord. Alch. v. in Ashm. (1652) 60 With Astrologie joyne Elements also, To fortune their Workings as theie goe. + d. To give good fortune to, make fortunate. 14.. Lydg. Temple Gins 903, I myself also Shal fe fortune er pi tale be do. 2 . To endow with wealth or a fortune; to dower. {rare : cf. Fortuned.) Also, to fortune off or out : to get (a daughter) off one’s hands by dower¬ ing her. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) II. xxv. 166 He is to fortune her out to a young lover. 183s Tail’s Mag. II. 31 In order that they may save a few hundreds for fortuning off their girls. 1838 Ibid. V. 253 They have dowered their wives, and fortuned their daughters. 1881 Miss Laffan in Macirt . Mags. XLIV. 389 She grumbled, .over the expensive schooling of her two grand-daughters. The money, in her opinion, would have been far better kept to' fortune them ofF. + 3. intr. Of events, etc.: To happen, chance, occur. Const, to, unto, or dative obj. Obs. c 1369 Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 288 Swiche meruayles fortuned than. 1424 Past on Lett. No. 4 I. 14 What so ever fortunyd in the seyd pleynt. c 1450 Colnuolds Daunce 168 in Hazl. E. P. P. I. 45 Hym selfe, noble kyng Arthour, Hath forteynd syche a chans. 1532 Her vet Xenophon's Househ. (1768) 42 If any thynge fortuned well to vs, we gaue her parte of it. 1547 Boorde Brev. Health ccl. 84 b, The impedimentes whiche doth fortune to the synewes. 1620 Frier Rush 23 This night hath fortuned to me a great aduenture. 1739 G. Ogle Gualth. $ Gris. 104 All that fortunes, fortunes for the Best. b. impers. It fortunes = it happens or befalls. Const, with clause ; also to, ivith (a person) or with dative obj. Also with omission of it. arch. 1462 J. Paston in P. Lett. No. 461 II. 115 It so fortuned your seid besecher cowd not performe the seid apoynte- ment. 1470-85 Malory Arthur ix. xvii, Hit fortuned me that I was a slepe in the wyndowe. C1500 Melusine xxiii. 156 Sith it hath fortuned thus with me. c 1510 Gcsta Rom. Add. Stories (W. de W.) ii. 431 It fortuned after..y* he gaue batayll. 1590 Marlowe Edw. II, 11. 111. ii, How for¬ tunes that he came not? 1622 Bacon Hen. VII (ed. Lumby) 172 It so fortuned, that he was taken by pirates at sea. 18.. Lowell Dara Poet. Wks. (1879) 378 When it fortuned that a king more wise Endued the realm with brain and hands and eyes. 1886 Burton Arab. Nts. I. 14 So it fortuneth that I am toiling, .while thou takest thine ease. + c. followed by object and inf. (Sometimes a dative obj.; sometimes the phrase is equivalent to L. acc. and inf., or to the subj.-clause in 3 b). Obs. c 1420 Pol. Rel. <$• L. Poems (1866) 204 A solom cite me fortunyd to fynde. 1487 Will in Surrey Archxol. Collect. III. 163 At that auter before which it shall fortune me to be buried. 1508 Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. i. Wks. (1876) 32 It may also fortune a man to be sory for his synne. 1577-87 Holinshed Chron. III. 1119/1 If it fortune no issue male to be borne of this matrimonie. 1591 Spenser M. Hubberd 631 Therefore if fortune thee in Court to Hue. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 1279 If hereafter it should fortune any detriment, .to be by any man..done unto the Hungarians. 1628 Digby Voy. Mcdit. (1868) 3 If it should fortune each to loose other. + 4. With person or thing as subject: To happen or chance to be or to do (something). Obs. 1454 E. E. Wills (1882) 134 All myne other goodes whatso- euer they fortune to be, in valour. 1521 Fisher Semi. agst. Luther Wks. (1876) 313 These daungerous tempestes of heresyes, whan so euer they fortune to aryse. 1570 Thorne Song , This world is but a vanety vi. (1848), Yf thow fortune to be poore. 1658 Bromhall Treat . Specters 11. 182 The Birth-day of the Emperor Augustus fortuned to fall on that very time. 1728 Pope Dune. 11. 73 Here fortun’d Curll to slide. 1798 Young Let. in Mem. Dalzel (1862) 163 The Dean himself fortuning to be absent. b. To come by chance upon (something). rare~ x . 1662 Evelyn Sculpt, iv. 38 Albert Durer. .had performed wonders both in Copper and Wood, had he once fortun’d upon the least notion of that excellent manner, which came afterwards to be in vogue. + c. ellipt. To chance to come to (a place). a 1520 Joseph of Arm at hia 133 They fortuned to a countre of a tyraunt kene Called wales. + d. To have a certain fortune, to fare. Obs. 1513 Bradshaw St. Werburge 11.1830 Whan ye in trauel- yng vpon her do call. .Ye fortune and spede well, + Fo rtune, adv. Obs. [Cf. Fortune v. 3 b and Chance sb. C.] Mayhap, haply, perchance. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 797 If. .one ofhys tormentours might fortune breake his heade for marring of the play, a 1605 Montgomerie Misc. Poems v. 56 Jour feet are not so sicker sett Bot fortun 3e may fall. Fortuned (fp*iti//nd), ppl- a. Now rare. [f. Fortune sb. and v. + -ed.] Having fortune (of a specified kind); + also, = fortunate (obs.). Of an event: Characterized by a (specified) fortune. £■1374 Chaucer Compl. Mars 180 My lady is. .so wel for¬ tuned and thewed. c 1470 Henry Wallace viii. 685 A for- tonyt man. 1484 Caxton Fables of /Esop in. iii, He that is wel fortuned and happy. — Curial 15 O fortuned men. 1606 Shaks. Ant. 4- Cl. iv. xv. 24 The full-Fortun'd Caesar. 1887 Saintsbury Hist. Elizab. Lit. (1894) 202 The poisoning being like Juliet's a mere trick though differently fortuned, b. Possessed of a 4 fortune ’ or portion. 1631 Shirley Love in Maze 1. i, This Gerard is a gentle¬ man Of handsome parts, And, they say, fortuned. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) I. xl. 299, I must go to him, and to his, as an obliged and half-fortuned person. Fo*rtune-hu:nter. One who seeks to win a fortune; esp. one who tries to capture an heiress. 1689 J. Carlisle (title), The Fortune Hunters, or two Fools well met, a Comedy. 1755 Gcntl. Mag. XXV. iii S everal Irish brigades .. may be formed out of those able bodied men which are called Fortune-hunters. 1838 Lytton Alice I. 1. x. 36 If she were of our sex, [she] would make a capital fortune-hunter. So Po^tiine-hunting vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. v, There is no character more con¬ temptible than a man that is a fortune-hunter; and I can see no reason why fortune-hunting women should not be contemptible too. 1793 Mrs. Eliza Parsons Woman as she should be II. 122 Poor Harry.. is gone a fortune hunting to India. 1870 Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. 1. (1873) 125 [A] fortune-hunting count. t FoTtunel, a. Obs. [a. OF. fordinal, -el: see Fortune sb. and -al.] Fortuitous, accidental. £1374 Chaucer Boeth. v. metr. i. 117 (Camb. MS.) The wateres I medlyd wrappith or implieth many fortunel [L. fortuitos ] happis or maneres. Fortuneless, a. [f. Fortune sb. + -less.] Without (good) fortune, luckless, unfortunate. Also, destitute of a 4 fortune f or portion. 1596 Spenser F. Q. iv. viii. 27 Against all hard mishaps and fortunelesse misfare. 1669 Raleigh's Troub. in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 227 Being a person not full twenty years old, left friendless and fortuneless. 1836 Fraser's Mag. XIII. 314 Flaunting, fortuneless, over-educated girls. 1864 Hawthorne Grimshawe iv. (1891) 41 The utilitarian line of education, .especially desirable for a fortuneless boy. Fo'rtune-tedler. [See Fortune sb. 3d.] One who 4 tells fortunes \ 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. v. i. 239 One Pinch..A thred-bare Iuggler, and a Fortune-teller. 1612 J. Mason Anat. Sore. 46 They travelled about the country, as fortune-tellers .. and such like do with us. 1716 Swift Phillis 51 Long ago a fortune-teller Exactly said what now befel her. 1874 Burnand My Time xii. 101 The fortune-teller, who, from the lines engraved on the open palm, predicts a destiny. Fo rtune-te lling, vbl. sb. [Cf. prec.] The practice of ‘ telling fortunes 1577 Northbrooke Dicing (1843) 56 Forbidding, .euill and vnprofitable arts, .or fortune tellings. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. iv. ii. 184 We are simple men ; wee doe not know what’s brought to passe vnder the profession of Fortune-telling. 1655 Walton Angler v. (ed. 2) 161 The Gypsies were then to divide all the money .. got .. by Fortune telling. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. vi. § 21 They are . .addicted to .. astro¬ logy, fortune-telling, and presages of all kinds. So Fortune-telling ppl. a. Also (noncc-wd.) PoTtune-tell v ., a back-formation from prec. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. iv. ii. 196 Out of my doore, you Witch !.. lie coniureyou, lie fortune-tell you. a 1659 Cleve¬ land Fuscara 26 Wks. (1687) 2 He tipples Palmestry, and dines On all her Fortune-telling Lines. 1681 Colvil Whigs Supplic. (1751) 49 He finds both comets and eclipses, But pretty fortune telling gipsies. 1795-1814 Wordsw. Excur¬ sion vii. 88 Belong they to the fortune-telling Tribe? + Fortirnity. Obs. [a. OF. fortuniti (ill) hap: see Foktune and -ity.] ? Fortune, hap. (Cf. Infortunity.) c 1470 Harding Chron. x. v, Seyng Iuly this fals fortunite The soroes greate in hym so multiplied, That there for shame of his fortunite, In no wyse would [he no] lenger dwell ne byde. 1614 Selden Titles Hon. 365 By aduenture of his fortunitie. 1652 Gaule Magastrom. 187 That they here, .vaticinate or ominate of. .fortunity, infortunity. + Fortunize, z'. Obs. rare. [f. Fortune sb. + -ize.] trans . To regulate the fortunes of; to make fortunate. Hence Fo*rtunizing ppl. a., fortune-telling. 1596 Spenser F. Q. vi. ix. 30 Fooles therefore They are which fortunes doe by vowes devize, Sith each unto him- selfe his life may fortunize. 1652 Gaule Magastrom. 98 Else, how can the fortunizing Genethliack foretell that the child new born shall be a Traveller ? t Fortunous, a. Obs. [a. OF .forltmeus : see Fortune sb. and -ous.] 1 . Pertaining to fortune or chance, fortuitous. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. 1. pr. vi. 17 (Camb. MS.), I netrowe nat in no manere, that so certeyn thinges sholden be moeued by fortunows fortune. Ibid. n. pr. fv. 29 (Camb. MS.) Thinges that ben fortunous and temporel. 2 . Fortunate, successful. c 1470 Harding Chron. ix. iv, He wanne the felde in batell fortunous. t Fortuny. Obs.~° (See quot.) 1676 Coles, Fortuny , a kind of Tournement or running a tilt with launces on horseback. [So in some later Diets.] Forty (fputi), a. and sb. Forms : 1 f^owertis, f^owurtis, Northumb. feuortis, 2 Orm. fowwerr- tig, feortis, 2-3 f(e)owerti, 3 feouwerti, f(e)u- werti, fuerti, feowrti, fourte, 3-4 fourti, south. vourti, -y, (3 forti), 3-8 fourty, 4 faurty, 5 fourthi, -y, 6 fourtie, -ye, for tie, 6- forty. [OE. ftlowcrtig = OFris. fiuwertich , OS . fiwartig, fiartig, for tig (MDu. viertich , Du. veertig ), OHG. fiorzug (MHG. vierzic, mod.Ger. vierzig), ON. fiorer tiger, figrutigi, figrutlu (Sw.fyratio, fyrtio , Da . fyrretyve, firti), Goth. fidwdr tigjus: see Four and -ty.] A. adj. The cardinal number equal to four tens, represented by the figures 40, xl, or XL. Also in comb, with numbers below ten (cardinal and or¬ dinal), as forty-one, forty-first, etc. C950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. iv. 2 & miS 5 y ^efaeste feuortig da^a & feowertis naehta. #1175 Colt. Horn. 227 He hi afedde feorti3 wintre. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 61 Adam was in helle in pine fuwerti hundred wintre for his sinne. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 419 More pan a uourty }er hyt was pat he was ybore. c 1386 Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. <$• T. 808 If that thee list it have, Ye shul paye fourty pound, c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon i. 55 He hadde noo moo wyth hym but fourthi. c 1585 R. Browne Answ. Cartwright 43 In the fourtie and eyght Psalme. 1698 Fryer Acc.E. India 4- P. 94 At the end of their Quarentine, which is Forty days. 1707 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 1 .323 He died in the fourty fifth year of his Age. 1803 Hatchett in Phil. Trans. XCIII. 89 It. .was found to contain one forty-eighth of anti¬ mony. 1825 J. Neal Bro. Jonathan II. 188 The day . .according to his calculation, was about forty-eight hours. i860 Reade Cloister$f //.xxv, Dietrich’s forty years weighed him down like forty bullets. b. Used indefinitely to express a large number. Like forty (U.S. colloql) : with immense force or vigour, 4 like anything ’. 1607 Shaks. Cor. iii. i. 243 On faire ground I could beat fortie of them. 1619 G. Herbert Let. 19 Jan. Wks. 1859 I. 381 ,1 have forty businesses in my hands : your Courtesy will pardon the haste of your humblest Servant. 1692 R. L’Estrange Fables cccv, He that’s Well, already, and upon a Levity of Mind, Quits his Station, in hopes to be Better, 'tis Forty to One, he loses by the Change. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. viii, ‘ I has principles and I sticks to them like forty.' C. t Forty pence: a customary amount for a wager. Forty winks (colloq.) : a short nap, esp. after dinner. 1567 Harman Caveat viii. 46 Forty pence gaged vpon a matche of wrastling. 1613 Shaks. Hen . VIII, 11. iii. 89 How tastes it? is it bitter? forty pence, no. 1872 Punch 16 Nov. 208/2 If a .. man, after reading steadily through the Thirty-nine Articles, were to take forty winks. 1887 Sims Mary Jane's Mem. 228 I’m tired, and I want my forty winks. fd. = Fortieth. Obs. 1559 Homilies 1. Good Wks. ill. (1859) 5^ Sectes .. were neither the forty part so many among the Jewes, nor [etc.]. FORTY-FIVE 481 FORWARD. B. sb. 1 . a. The age of 40 years, b. The forties : the years between 40 and 50 of a century or of one’s life. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. 1. § 1 Alciphron is above forty. 1885 Athenaeum 18 July 83/1 His magnum opus was pub* lished ill Edinburgh some time in the forties. 1893 Of.o. Hill Hist. Eng. Dress II. 243 What were called half-caps were worn in the early forties. 2 . The forty : a designation applied to certain public bodies in various countries and at various periods, from the number of their members; e.g. to several courts of justice in the Venetian republic; to a body of itinerant justices in ancient Attica, empowered to try petty actions; to the French Academy, and (occasionally) to the Royal Academy of Arts in London. 1820 Byron Mar. Fat. I. L 24 'Tis not for us To anticipate the sentence of the Forty. 3 . A yacht of forty tons burden. 1894 Field 9 June 836/1 The two big cutters had left, .the two forties many miles astern. 4 . The roaring forties : the exceptionally rough part of the Atlantic Ocean between 40° and 50° north latitude. Also occasionally applied to that part of the South Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans between 40° and 50° south latitude. 1883 Buchan in Encycl. Brit. XVI. 146/2 The region of the ‘brave west winds’, the ‘roaring forties’ of sailors. 1893 J. A. Barry Steve Brown's Bunyip 165 Older shipmasters laughed..saying that they found the Roaring Forties quite strong enough for them, c. in Combination. 1 . Combination of the simple numeral with a sb. (used attrib. or ellipt. as sbs.), and parasynthetic derivatives of these : forty-foot, + (#) = forty legs \ ( b) see quot. 1889 ; forty-knot, 6 the Alternan- thera Achyrantha , a prostrate amarantaceous weed of warm countries * (Cent. Diet.) ; forty legs, a popular or dialectal name of the centipede; + forty pence, ?a jocular designation for a servant who runs errands ; forty-penny nail, a nail of such size that one thousand of them weigh forty pounds (see Penny) ; + forty penny piece, a coin worth 40 pence Scots, i.e. 3 \d. sterling; forty rod light¬ ning, US. slang : see quot.; forty rod whisky = prec.; forty-spot, the Tasmanian name for a bird, Pardalotus quadragintus (Gould, Birds Austr., 1848); forty-tonner = B. 3. 1673 E. Brown Trav. Europe (1677) 17 An Indian Scolo- pendria, or * Forty-foot. 1889 N. W. Line. Gloss., Forty- foot, a right of forty-foot which the tenants of certain manors had over the soil of an adjoining manor. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. xi. 320 Centapees, call'd by the English *40 Legs. 1750 G. Hughes Barbadoes 89 The Forty-legs in Surinam are a great deal larger than what are bred in Barbados. 1866 Brogden Provinc. Words Line#Irish., Forty-legs, a centipede. 1616 English)?!, for my Money F iiij a, Farewell *fortipence, goe seeke your Signor. 1769 in Hawkesworth Voy. (1773) II. 182 No nails less than *fortypenny were current, c 1850 Ruditn. Navig. (Weale) 135 Nails of sorts are, 4,6,8. .and 40-penny nails. 1681 Colvil Whigs Supplic. (1751) 58 Butter and cheese, and wool fleeces, For groats and * Fourty penny pieces. 1889 Farmer Americanisms, * Forty Rod Lightning, whisky of the most villainous description, so called because humorously warranted to kill at forty rods. 1892 Stevenson Wrecker 124 *Forty-rod whisky was admin¬ istered by a proprietor as dirty as his beasts. 1895 Daily News 11 June 2/4 For the second match, *forty-tonners, three entered. 2 . Substantival uses of the compound numerals (see A. 1) : forty-eight, a flowerpot of the third smallest size, of which there are 48 in a ‘ cast'; forty-four, (a) a forty-four gun ship: (b) a bicycle with a wheel 44 inches in diameter ; + forty-nine, a 17th c. name for some kind of liquor ; forty-one Hist., the Venetian council by whom the Doge was elected; forty-two attrib. in forty-two man , a man of the 42nd regiment. 1851 Glenny Handbk. FI. Gard. 227 They must be potted off into moderately small pots, say *forty-eights. 1821 Byron To Murray 7 Feb., The giant element .. made our stout ^forty-four’s .. timbers creak again. 1884 Century Mag. Nov. 55/2 His hand resting, .on the handle of his forty-four. 1692 A. P[itcairne] Babell 2 (Maitl. 1830) 5 Assist me all, ye Muses nyne ! With a beer glass of *fourtie nyne. 1723 Meston Knight (1767) 21 A glass or two of forty-nine He can pull off before he dine. 1612 W. Shute tr. Fougasses' Venice 11. 481 The *forty one being assembled, .they, .chose him Prince. 1816 Scott Antiq. xliii, Here comes an old *forty-two man, who is a fitter match for you than I am. b. In abbreviated dates, as forty-one, -two, - three , etc., colloquially used to designate a year of the current or preceding century. Hence forty-niner U.S., one of those who settled in California during the ‘ gold fever’ about 1849. 1710 H. Bedford Vind. Ch. Eng. x The Spirit of Forty- one is reviving. 1887 Council Bluffs Herald (Iowa U. S.) 17 Jan., Running the ‘ pony express’ in the exciting days of the ‘49-ers’. 1890 Boldrewood Mi)iers Right xliv. 384 All old prospectors and ‘forty-niners'. Forty-five. a. The Forty-five : the year 1745, and the Jacobite rebellion of that year. b. Card¬ playing. A game in which each trick counts five and the game is forty-five. Also forty fives. a. 1832 Scott Redgauntlet ch. xi, Ye have heard of VOL. IV. a year they call the forty-five. 1895 D. Marshall in Scot. Antiq. X. 77 In the'Forty-five, Burleigh Castle, .was garri¬ soned for King George. b. 1875 Wood & Lapham Wait. Mail 32 The others .. gathered round the table to enjoy the Irish game of ‘ forty- fives ’. Fortyish, a. Looking forty years old. 1821 New Monthly Mag. II. 324 A sort of Tom Shuffleton grown flat, staid, and fortyish. Foruh, obs. form of Furrow. Forum (fd»T#m). [a. L .forum.'] 1 . Rom. Ant. The public place or market¬ place of a city. In ancient Rome the place of assembly for judicial and other public business. 1460 Capgrave Chron. 29 Thoo places in which juges herd causes he [Foroneus] cleped hem aftir his name,‘forum that is to say, ‘ a hopen place or ‘ a market'. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 117 The said Scipioes statue erected in the Forum or publick hall. 1647 R- Stapylton Juvenal 61 The city of Rome had four great forums or piazzas. 1781 Gibbon Decl. Sf F. II. 15 The principal Forum; which appears to have been of a circular, or rather elliptical form. 1838 Arnold Hist. Rome I. 38 He [Tarquinius] made a forum or market place and divided out the ground around it for shops and stalls, and made a covered walk around it. b. as the place of public discussion ; hence fig. 1735 Thomson Liberty 1. 160 Foes in the forum in the field were friends. 1818 Byron Ch. Har. iv. cxiv. 1025 Rienzi. .The forum’s champion, and the people’s chief. 1831 Carlyle Sart. Res. (1858) 8 To descend .. into the angry noisy Forum, with an Argument that cannot but exasperate and divide. 2 . A court, tribunal. Law of the forum : the legal rules of a particular court or jurisdiction. 1848 Wharton Lazo Lex., Forum , the court to the juris¬ diction of which a party is liable. 1857 Parsons Contracts II. 11. ii. § 6 (ed. 2) 103 Limitation and prescription are applied only according to the law of the forum. 1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy-bk. Prop. Law 11.4 As the law of pro¬ perty is now administered in the different forums.. it exhibits a splendid.. code of jurisprudence. b. transf. and fig. (Cf. med.L. in foro intemo , in foro conscientise). 1690 Case Univ. Oxford 48 A right to he impleaded in their own Forum only. 1756 Burke Subl. <$■ B. v. v, Of this, at first view, every man, in his own forum, ought to judge without appeal. 1852 Gladstone Glean. (1879) IV. xiv. 151 In every country of Europe^ except one, when excusable collision arises between the civil and the religious power it must be in the external forum. 1874 Morley Compromise (1886) 147 It is truth that in the forum of conscience claims an undivided allegiance. 3. attrib., as forum-area, -orator. 1812 Southey in Q. Rev. VIII. 347 A forum orator some years ago published a tour. 1893 Archceologia LIII. 544 The forum area was trenched but not excavated. Forur(e, var. Furrure Obs., fur trimming. + Forvay, v. Obs. Also 4 (Gower) forsveie, 5 forvoyen, -wey(e, -way(e, 5-6 for-, fourvey (e. [ad. OF. forvoier, forsvoier, f. for(s)-, For - pref + 7 me way.] intr. To go out of the way, go astray; fig. to err, make a mistake. Hence Forvaying vbl. sb. 1390 Gower Conf. 1 .76 [MS. Fairfax] That J?ei be Duistres of J>e weie For|?i if eny man forsueie [Pauliprints forswey] Thurgh hemj>eibe noght excusable (Also III. 224,272, 275). 1413 Pilgr. Senate (Caxton) 1. i. (1859) 2 Ther nys no pyl- grym that goth so redyly but that oftymes he mote foruoyen. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iv. lxv. (1869) 207 J>e forueyinge of oo^ere shulde ben warnynge. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour K vj, This yonge man forweyeth. c 1500 Melusine xix. 101, I was forwayed of my way to comme to lusygnen. 1508 Dunbar Gold. Targe 204 As drunkyn man he all forvayit. 1513 Douglas AEnels in. Prol. 18 Tharfore waldGod I had thair eris to pull Misknawis the creid and threpis othir forwayis. ^1560 A. Scott Poems (S. T. S.) iii. 15 Forvey no tyme, be reddy day and nicht. Forwake(d: see Fob- pref 1 6 b. t Forwal. Obs. rare ~ 1 . [perh. mis-written for *forfal, a. ON. forfall (law term) hindrance.] A legitimate exense. c 1205 Lay. 31590 pa andswarede Cadwalan \>e kene. .Oswy haueS for-wal [Wace : essoine le tient], + Forwa lk, v. Obs. Also 6 fore-, [f. For- prefd + Walk.] trans. To weary with walking ; to over-tire. Hence Forwa lked ppl. a. In the Sc. examples prob. confused with forwaked: see For- pref 1 6 b. c 1350 Will. Palerne 2236 pei peder come al wery for walked. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xm. 204 Whan thow art wery for-walked. 1513 Douglas s.E ueis 11. vi. [v.] 35 Quhen the first quyet Of natural slepe .. Stelis on forwalkit [50 RutJvuen MS .; ed. Small fordoverit] mortall creaturis. 1533 Bellenden Livy 11. (1822) 204 The Romanis, .sett on the Volschis, wery and forwalkit. 1612 [see Forwelk.] For-wall, -wallowed : see For- prefO 5, 6 b. Forwarder, v. Obs . exc. arch, or Sc. [f. For- prefy + Wander.] intr. To weary oneself with wandering ; to wander far and wide. Hence For- wandered ppl. a. c 1350 Will. Palerne 739 He. .forwandrep in wo & wakep . .on ni^tes. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. Prol. 7, I was wery for- wandred and went me to reste. 1563 Sackville Mirr. Mag., Buckingham lxxiv, All forsake .. forwandred in despayer. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. vi. 34 A wearie wight for- wandring by the way. 1890 G. A. Smith Isaiah II. xvi. 254 Among the bruised, the prisoners, the forwandered of Israel. 1894 Crockett Raiders 158 A poor lost forwan¬ dered lad. Forward (f^uwo.id), a., adv. and sb. Forms: 1 fore-, forweard, -wfrd, 4-7 foreward(e, 4-6 forwarde, 6 foret, 9 dial, forat, -et, forrad, -at, 4- forward. See also Fokrit. [OE . for[e)wcard, adj. and adv.; see Fore adv. and -ward. The adj. seems to have become obsolete after the OE. period, and to have been redeveloped from the adv. in the 16th c. The adv. (OE. foreweard) was app. in origin the neut. acc. of the adj.] A. adj. f 1 . In OE. used in partitive concord : The front part of (any thing material) ; the first or earliest part of (a period of time, etc.). Obs. c 900 tr. Baedas Hist. v. xiii. [xii]. (1891) 422 In forewearde neaht. c 1000 /Elfric Horn. II. 266 Ure Forewearde heafod. 2 . Situated in the fore part. Obs. exc. techn. 1601 Shaks. All's Well v. iii. 39 Let's take the instant by the forward top. 1692 Luttrell Brief Ret. (1857) IL 503 The guides conducted the forwardest of the party, .a wrong way. 1876 Holland Sevenoaks x. 131 He fixed a knob of tallow upon the forward sight of Mr. Balfour’s gun. b. Naut. Belonging to the fore part (of a vessel). 1881 Daily Tel. 24 Feb., The nine forward men are divided into three watches. >893 Westm. Gaz. 21 Mar. 5/3 The forward-house and forecastle bulkhead were stove in. t c. Principal, foremost, chief. Obs. 1581 Saytle Tacitus ’ Agric. (1622) 184 Many haue heene wasted by casuall chances, the most sufficient and forward by the cruelty of the Prince. d. That lies in front; now only, that lies in the direction towards which one is moving. 1643 Lightfoot Glean. Ex. (1648) 17 In the five preceding Plagues, the obduration of Pharaohs heart is attributed to himselfe, in these five forward, it is attributed to God. 1800-24 Campbell Dream ii, Shadow'd in the forward dis¬ tance Lay the land of Death. 1844 Kinglake Eothenw ii. (1878) 233 Out of the forward horizon. 3 . Directed towards a point in advance, onward ; also ‘ outward ’ as opposed to ‘ return \ 1603 Drayton Bar. Wars 1. xlvi, She [fortune], dispos’d his forward course to let. 1814 Cary Dante, Par. xxix. 136 Let us seek The forward path again. 1840 Bury Select Comm, on Railw. Q. 2398 You spoke of sending an engine to meet the train ; on what line would that go?—It must go on the forward line. 1844 H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 46 General Wood was compelled .. to undertake a forward movement. 1884 G. W. R. Time Tables July 87 Return Tickets are available .. for completion of the forward and backward journeys. b. Of the face : (Looking) straight in front. 1700 Dryden Cymo?i Iph. 594 The lovers close the rear, With forward faces not confessing fear. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. cxiv, She [knowledge] sets her forward countenance And leaps into the future chance. c. Of a ship’s beak : Moving onwards. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus lxiv. 12 Scarcely the forward snout tore up that wintery water. d. Fonvard play in Cricket ; the method of playing forward : see the adv. 3 b. 1891 W. G. Grace Cricket § 4 in Outdoor Games <$■ Recr. 19 Practise both backward and forward play. e. Forward rnovement : recently often used to denote a special effort made by a political party, a religious or benevolent organization, etc., in order to make more rapid progress. Cf. 9. 1896 Indep. Sp Nonconf^i Dec. 494 The Colonial Missionary Society Forward Movement. 1897 Westm. Gaz. 9 Jan., The Liberal Forward Movement. 4 . Comm. Of a business transaction, contract, etc.: Prospective, relating to future produce. 1883 Manch. Exam. 6 Nov. 4/4 In the old days, when it took three or four months to send out goods to India., there was a real ground for forward buying. 1891 Daily News 23 Nov. 2/7 The rate for good furnace coke is 14$.. .but con¬ sumers will not pay this price for forward contracts. 5 . That is in an advanced state or condition ; pro¬ gressing towards maturity or completion. Chiefly predicative and barely distinguishable from the adv. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 72 b, How moche we profyte & be forewarde in euery day by our labour. 1561 T. Hoby tr. Casliglione's Courtyer 1. C b, It is nowe well forwarde in nyghte. 1743 Bulkeley & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 86 To acquaint him how forward the Boat was [in making]. 1805 Med. Jml. XVII. 515 The [vaccinated] arms of Sarah, .were in a more forward state than the rest. 1848 Jml. R. Agric. Soc. IX. 1. 7 The sheep, .get exceed¬ ingly forward in condition. 1866 Mrs. H. Wood St. Martin's Eve iv, A sturdy little fellow, .sufficiently forward in walking to get about the room. b. Of a plant, a crop, or the season: Well ad¬ vanced, early. 1591 Shaks. Two Gent. 1. i. 45 As the most forward Bud Is eaten by the Canker ere it blow. 1601 R. Johnson Kingd. Commw. (1603) 13 The inhabitants of Turon .. enjoy as forward a summer, as those of Provence. 1707 Curios, in Husb. <5- Gard. 254 Fruit, the soundest and for¬ wardest of any on the Tree. 1796 C. Marshall Garden. xix. (1813)344 Sow three or four seeds, .in a small pot, which being placed on a gentle heat, will be much forwarder and finer. 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 18 He ’gins again'Bout signs in weather, late or forward spring. 1832 Ht. Mar- tineau Homes Abroad ii. 23 Place our hungry brethren where nature's work is forwardest. c. Of a pregnant animal: in or with foal , etc. 1684 Lond. Gaz. No. 1910/4 A Red Cow .. forward with Calf. 1707 Ibid. No. 4312/3 Lost .. a bay Saddle Mare .. forward in Foie. 1839 Lincoln, etc. Gaz. 12 Feb. 2/3 Eleven ewes forward in lamb. 1857 Jml. R. Agric. Soc. XVI II. 1. 19 The mares are indulged a little as they get for¬ ward with foal. 6. Ready, prompt, eager (in an action or a cause); esp. with const, to (do something). 61 FORWARD. 482 FORWARD 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xxxi. 45 At the first assaute he was so forwarde, that he was stryken to the erth. a 1568 Ascham Scholem. 1. (Arb.) 56 God grafte in vs the trewe knowledge of his woorde, with a forward will to folowe it. 1631 Gouge God’s Arrcnus v. Ded. 406 Be not backward to patronize what you have been forward to produce, a 1633 Austin Medit. (1635) 231 Neither can it be collected, .that hee [St. Bartholomew] was ever forward of his Tongue, as some of the Rest were. 1644 Laud Wks. (1854) IV. 181 His Majesty’s piety was so forward, that nothing needed to be extorted from him. 1702 C. Mather Magn. Chr. 11. App. (1852) 203 He was much forwarder to give his assent than they were to ask it. 1818 Jas. Mill Brit. India III. vi. i. 52 Their followers were to be ranked as the most for¬ ward and loud, who denounced parliament as so corrupt. 1875 M. Pattison Casaubon 40 Authors were always forward to send him copies of their learned publications, t b. Inclined to ox for (something). Ohs. 1581 J. Bell Haddons Ansiu. Osor. 256 b, If I had bene . .so fore ward to sedition, .there wanted not .. fautoures of the cause. 1681 Baxter Apol. Nonconf. Min. 4 The for- wardest to Peace. 1727 Swift Art Polite Lying Wks. 1755 III. 1. 118 A hot-headed crack-brained coxcomb forward for a scheme of moderation. c. Ardent, eager, spirited, zealous. ? Obs. 1587 Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1551/2 Three sonnes, all forward, martiall, and valorous gentlemen. 1593 Shaks. Rich. II, iv. i. 72 How fondly do’st thou spurre a forward Horse? 1611 Tourneur Ath. Trag. 11. i. Wks. 1878 I. 41 His forward spirit press’d into the front. 1680 Otway Orphan 1. i, They both have forward, gen’rous active Spirits. 1804 Wellington in Gurw. Desp. III. 468 He is a gallant, forward officer. d. tra.7isf. and fig. of things. ? Obs. 1605 Camden Rem. Ded. 1 This. .Treatise was once vn- aduisedly forward to haue bin dedicated to your good worship. But .. It recalled it selfe in good time. 1695 Blackmore Pr. Arth. 1. 654 Their forward genius without teaching grows. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 11. iii, These stakes also, being of a wood very forward to grow. 1736 Butler Anal. 1. i. Wks. 1874 I. 18 We are accustomed, from our youth up, to indulge that forward delusive faculty [imagi¬ nation]. 7 . Well-advanced for one’s years, precocious. 1591 Lyly Endym. 11. ii, It will be a forward cock that croweth in the shell. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI , 1. i. 203 Long liue thou, and these thy forward Sonnes. 1600 — A. V. L. iii. iii. 14 When..a mans good wit [cannot be] seconded with the forward childe vnderstanding. 1714 Restoration in Viltiers' IVks . (1775) 8 He’s a pretty forward boy about four and twenty. 1869 Princess Alice Mem. 25 Apr. (1884) 215 My children, .are so forward, clever, and spirited. 8. In bad sense : Presumptuous, pert; bold, im¬ modest. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. hi. xxii. (1634) 454 Some.. doe raile at this doctrine with greater maliciousnesse, than that their forward pride ought to be suffered. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. ix. xlvii. (1612) 221 They tould how forward Maidens weare, how proude if in request, a 1704 T. Brown Praise Poverty Wks. 1730 I. 94 A forward prating cox¬ comb. 17x1 Steele Sped. No. 51 IP 1, I have .. a great Aversion to the forward Air and Fashion which is practised in all publick Places. 1775 Sheridan Duenna 1. iv, Clara . .would think this step of mine highly forward. 1806-7 J- Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) vii. lxix, Hearing your favourite poem .. mammocked by the mouth of a for¬ ward Puppy. 1844 Dickens Mart.Chuz. xl, ‘The favouritest young for’ard huzzy of a servant gal as ever come into a house.’ 1888 J. Payn Myst.’ Mirbridge v, ‘Do you call him forward ? *.. ‘ He was certainly free in his manners ’. 9 . Of persons, opinions: Advanced, extreme; in mod. use, favouring vigorous aggressive action. 1608 F. Johnson Cert. Reasons 4- Argts. To Rdr., The Books of the forward Preachers now abroad. 1885 Pall Mall G. 7 May 1/2 You of all people in the world, the For- wardest of the Forward school, cannot complain of the advance of Empire. 1887 Ibid. 10 June 7/1 Denouncing outrage and dynamite, and what are generally known as ‘ forward ’ measures. B. adv. 1 . Of extent in time: Towards the future, im¬ mediately afterwards and continuously onwards. Chiefly (and now only) in phrases from this day {time, etc.) forward. + Also ,from this,fror?i hence , (from) now, and so forward. Cf. Forth adv. 3. a 1000 Caedmon's Gen. 788 (Gr.) Gif hie wolden lare godes forweard fremman. a 1300 Cursor M. 5480 (Gott.) In egipt held he bairn ful hard, As i sal tell you sone forward. Ibid. 13958 (Gott.) Ai fra hat dai for-warde .. he Iuus. .soght iesu to do to dede. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synnej^i Alle my ohys grete Fro hys forwarde wyl y lete. C1391 Chaucer Astrol. 11. § 12, & fro that time forward .. shal the verrey degree of the sonne shewe the howr of the planete. c 1440 Gesta Rom. lxi. 261 (Harl. MS.), I Resseyve [yow] fro hens forwarde to my Ioye. 1552 Latimer Serm. 2nd Sund. in Advent (1562) 132 If we .. intend to amend our life now forward. x6oo Holland Livy 11. xli. 71 This is the first time that the law Agraria was published : and so forward unto this present hower, it was never debated of. c 1680 Beveridge Serm. (172^) I. 547 From that time forward what¬ soever he did .. was in order to that end. 1853 Maurice Proph. Sf Kings iii. 42 From that day forward .. the Spirit of God came upon David. 1871 Smiles Charac. iii. (1876) 68 The elder student from that time forward acted as the Mentor of the younger one. b. With vbs., as look, think ; esp. To look for¬ ward : to look ahead, to look expectantly towards the future or to a coming event. 1741 Watts Improv. Mind 1. i. Wks. (1813^ 9 To think for¬ ward a little. 1742 Richardson Pamela III. 343 One who can look forwarder than the Nine Days of Wonder. 1768 Foote Devil on 2 Sticks 1. Wks. 1799 II. 249 Banish your fears, and let us look forward, my love. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) II. 23 Like chess-players, they seem always to look three moves forward. 1837 Disraeli Venetia 111. i, His visit to the hall was looked forward to with interest. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 45 He looks forward to all future systems sharing the fate of the past. c. Cotnm. For future delivery or payment. To date forward : to postdate. 1882 Daily Neius 4 Mar., The orders being neither numerous nor large, and not a few dated forward. 1884 Manch. Exam. 12 May 4 '4 Dating forward, .is a thing un¬ known among shippers, for payment is usually made a week or so after the goods have been delivered. 1894 Daily News 28 Mar. 7/3 Maize still, .dear, but cheaper forward. + 2 . Onward or further on in a series ; onwards from a specified point. A 7 id so forward : = and so forth, et cetera. Cf. Forth adv. 2. Obs. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 173/2 Forwarde, or more vttyr , ultra, ulterius. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda’s Conq. E. hid. i. 2 a, Whether that from the Cape of Buena Esperansa forwarde there were anye Nauigation to the East India. 1583 Stubbes^w^/. Abus. 11. (1882) 34 Ifsixtie would serue, they must have an hundred, and so forward. 1659 Ham¬ mond On Ps. Annot. 3 From that tenth Psalm forward. 1663 Marvell Corr. xlvii. Wks. 1872-5 II. 96, 1 am this day beginning my long voyage to Archangel, and so forward. + b. In the first place, foremost : in phr. fii'st a 7 idforward. Obs. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. x. 127 Furst and foreward to folk that ben i-weddet. c 1386 Chaucer Melib. p 275 First and forward, ye han erred in [etc.] 3 . Towards the front, in the direction which a person or thing faces. Forward ^(U.S.) : in front of. To put or set foot fortvard : see Foot sb. 29. 1513 More in Grafton Citron . (1568) II. 758 Hecameinto the world with the feete forward. 1548 etc. [see Foot sb. 29]. 1669 Sturmy Mariner s Mag. 11. 82, I . .bow the Head forward or backward, or over the one side or the other. 1674 Playford SkillMus. 11. 103 You must begin with your Bow forward, though the Bow be drawn forward the Note before. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 226 Its middle part .. stands about an Inch forwarder than the Foreside of the Puppet. 1762 Foote Lyar 111. Wks. 1799 I. 308 Your hood a little forwarder, Miss. 1811 Lett. fr. Eng. II. xlix. 270 The skirts of the coat .. brought forward to meet over the thigh. 1852 J. H. Newman^c^ Univ. Educ.242 He may have no power at all of advancing one step forward of him¬ self. 1856 C. J. Andersson Lake Ngarni 256 The ostrich.. always strikes forward [with its foot]. 1891 M. S. Wilkins Humble Rom. 165 Two little thin dancing curls..just for¬ ward of her cap ! b. To play fonvard , in Cricket : to reach for¬ ward in order to play a rather short-pitched ball. 1884 Lillywhite's Cricket Ann. 101 Rather too fond of playing forward. 1891 W. G. Grace Cricket § 5 in Outdoor Games <5* Recr. 23 If he [the batsman], .plays forward, pitch shorter and shorter..until he makes a mistake. 4 . Of continuous motion: Towards what is in front; (moving) onwards, on. a 1400-50 Alexander 847 pe faster forward him he faris he faster he snapirs. 1526 Pilgr. Pe7'f. (W. de W. 1531)86, Suche..be not mete to .. go forwarde in this pilgrymage. 1639 Fuller Holy War iv. viii. (1840) 190 His ships were manned, victualled, and sailing forward. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. xiii. 346 Meeting very strong Westerly Winds, we got nothing forward in many days. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. iv. § 15 In case they walk straight forward, in half a hour they shall meet men. 1791 Mrs. Radcliffe Rom . Forest i, He was desirous to hasten forward. 1855 Mrs. Gatty Parables fr. Nat. Ser. 1. (1869) 50 The river is rushing for¬ ward ; the clouds are hurrying onward. b. with ellipsis of some part of the vb. go. Also Mil., as a word of command Forward! For'ard on ! in Fox-hunting : of the fox: Gone on in front. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon lv. 186 His horse wolde nother forwarde nor backe warde. »583 Golding Calvin on Deut. xv. 86 Therefore let us on fore warde as he commandeth. 1833 Regul. Instr. Cavalry 1. 25 The word Fonvard .. is given by the commander. 1848 W. H. Kelly tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten Y. II. 207 Ibrahim .. had but to cry ‘ Forward ’, and Constantinople was his. c. In advance, in front, ahead. 1838 Thirlwall Greece V. 369 Dercylus seems to have been sent forward, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xxv. 182 One of our porters, .was sent forward to test the [snow] bridge. d. Back or backward a 7 id forward : to and fro ; see Back adv. 13 and Backward adv. 5 b. 5 . To the front or to a prominent position (from being behind or in the background), into view; esp. in phrases, as to bidngforward (see also Bring v. 17). To come fonvard : see Come v. 58 ; also, to come into existence. To put or set forwai'd : to put forth, advance, allege, offer; also refl. to give oneself (undue) prominence. 1611 Bible 2 Esdras iii. 6 Before euer the earth came forward. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. iii. xl. 252 To set for¬ ward .. such doctrine as was agreeable to Moses. 1783 Burke Rep. Affairs Ind. Wks. XI. 304 He certainly has it in his power .to keep it back, and bring it forward at his own times. 1794 Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xliv, Dorothee, who had lingered far behind, was called forward. 1849 James Woodman xviii, Who are you, my good friend, who put yourself so forward? 1895 Coulson Kernahan God # Ant Apol. (ed. 4) 9 The worst of all reasons which in¬ experienced writers put forward for setting pen to paper. + 6. In front, on the front or front side. Obs. 1618 Bolton Flonisi. xviii. 57 All their wounds were for¬ ward. 1663 Gerbier Counsel 101 Caused .. the windowes which were forward to be made up. b. fig. In a prominent position. 1796 Burke Let. to C. J. Fox Wks. 1842 II. 391 A young man. .who stands very forward in parliament. 7 . At an advanced point; at a point or position which is beyond or further than another. Cf. Forth adv. 4. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I.xvii. 18 All his barones went out of the cite, and y- first nyght they lodged vi. myle for¬ warde. 1611 Bible Num. xxxii. 19 Wee will not inherite with them on yonder side Iordane, or forward. 1647 Sprigge Anglia Rediv. iv. ii. 189 To secure the landing of Irish or Welch supplies so much the forwarder towards the east. 1656 H. Phillips Purch. Patt. (1676) 162 Adding a cipher, and setting the (•) a figure forwarder. 1712 J. James tr. Le i Blond’s Gardening 52 A little forwarder you find small 1 Cross-ways with four Alleys. b. Of time : In advance. 1571 Hanmer Chron. Irel. (1633) 38, 1 thinke they are too J forward in their computation. 1810 Vince Elem. Astron. ■ xxiv. 289 The time at the place of observation is forwarder i than that at Greenwich. 8 . Naut. a. Of motion : Towards the fore part | of a vessel. 1669 Sturmy Mariner s Mag. 1. 17 Hawl forward the main I Bowline. 1743 Bulkeley & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 15 The Carpenter going forward to inspect the Chain-Plates. b. Of position : At or in the fore part of a vessel. Foi'witi'd of (U. S.): in front of. + Forwai'd on : at the fore end, forward. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Wks. 1. 88/1 The Sayler imagined that his horse was too much laden ahead, or fore¬ ward on (as the sea phrase is). 1688 Lond. Gaz. No. 2317/1 Captain Killegrew. .being at the same time forward by the Gang-Way. 1691 T. H[ale] Acc. Ne'iu Invent. 124 The butt-ends, .have been as it were abolished forward on for the easie passage of the Vessel through the water. 1743 Bulke¬ ley & Cummins Voy. S. Seas no Being oblig’d to lie for¬ ward with the Men. 1794 Nelson 5 Nov. in Nicolas Disp. I. 504 Transports laying, .with their Truce Flag hoisted for¬ ward. 1840 R. H. Dana Bcf Mast xxii. 67 Her only fault being., that she was wet forward. ^1864 Hawthorne Amer. Notc-bks. (1879) I- 112 Forward of the ward-room., is the midshipmen’s room. 9 -fig- Onward, so as to progress or advance. Chiefly in phr. to go foi'ward (rarely with ellipsis of go) : to be in progress or ‘ on foot ’, to be going on. To buildfonuard : to continue building. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 760 There must it needes be long ere any good conclusion go forwarde. 1535 Coverdale Ezra iii. 8 To se that the worke of the house of the Lorde wente forwarde. a 1600 Hooker in Eccl. Pol. v. (1888) App. i. § 3 It is the nature of Gods most bountiful dis¬ position to build forward where his foundation is once laid. 1610 Shaks. Temp. iii. ii. 91 Now forward with your Tale. 1665 Manley Grotius’ Lcnv C. Warres 177 He would not forget to help forward the Belgick Affairs. 1717 tr. Frezier’s Voy. S. Sea 119 The Climate is so fertile..that the Fruit is coming forward all the Year. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. xi, Mr. Burchell.. was always fond of seeing some innocent amusement going forward. 1788 Franklin Autobiog. Wks. 1840 I. 181, I am got forward too fast with my story. 1793 Smeaton Edy stone L. § 124 My models and preparatory matters were now so far brought forward. 1832 Ht. Mar- tineau Life in Wilds i. 18 Dinner was going forward. 1865 Sat. Rev. 5 Aug. 165 Unless, .extremepartisans, .makecon¬ cessions, there is no getting any forwarder. 1891 R. Kipling City Dreadf. Nt. 43 Let’s go in here—there may be some¬ thing forward. 10 . Phrases. To put or set fonvard (a person) : to start onward, give a start to. lit. and fig. To set forzvard (intr.) : to start on a journey, set out. *546 J- Heywood Prov. (1867) 17 Set forward, ye shall neuer labour yonger. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. vii. 18 Such gale as would serue to put him forward on his ioumey. 1650 Hubbekt Pill Formality 202 The trips and slidings shall but set thee forwarder on thy journey. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. iii, The next morning we all set forward together. 1832 Ht. Martineau Hill # Valley ii. 19 To set his young people forward in the same way of life with himself. 1859 Jephson Brittany xv i. 258 Her godfather .. straightway sets forward to avenge her death. 11 . Co 7 ?ib. a. with pres.fple., ^forward-bearing, -creeping, -flowing, -lookmg ?,&)$>. b. with pa. pple., as forward-turned adj. 1647 H. More Song of Soul hi. ii. xxiii, Strong *forward- bearing will or appetite. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. ciii. 37 The *forward-creeping tides. 1830 — Recoil. Arab. Nts. i, The ^forward-flowing tide of time. 1800 Wordsw. Michael 158 A child .. Brings hope with it, and ^forward-looking thoughts, c 1611 Chapman Iliad v. 46 It took his *forward- turned backe, and lookt out of his breast. C. sb. [The adj. used absolutely.] + 1 . The fore or front part, the first part. On jo 7 ~iuard : in the beginning (see Aforeward). Obs. c 1000 zElfric Deut. xxviii. 13 Drihten J>e £esett simle on foreweard & na on sefterweard. cans Lamb. Horn. 73 On forward b os cristendomes ech man leorned his bileue er hefulht underfenge. + 2. A trick in wrestling; a throw which causes one’s opponent to fall forward on his face. Obs. 1602 Carew Cornwall 76 Many sleights and tricks apper- taine hereunto .. Such are the .. forward and backward. 16x2 Drayton Poly-olb. i. 6 They practise .. The forward, backward, falx. 3 . Naut. (See quot.) X892 Labour Commission Gloss., Foreward, .the fore end of a barge or other craft. 4 . Football. One who plays in the front line ; one of the body of players termed ‘ forwards *, as op¬ posed to 1 backs 9 (see Back sb. 21), whose duty is to be foremost in the attack. 1879 Encycl. Brit. IX. 367/2 Under the Rugby code., fifteen a side [is] the usual number of players—ten ‘ for¬ wards ’, two ‘ half backs ’, one ‘ three-quarters back and two ‘ backs ’. 1889 Pauline VIII. 33 There is much to be learnt by the forwards. 1895 Daily Chron. 17 Jan. 6/4 The side whose forwards were beaten won the match. FORWARD. 483 FORWEAN. Forward (fpuwaad), v. [f. Forward adv.] 1 . trans. To help or push forward ; to advance, assist, hasten, promote, urge on. Also, f to put forward, set on foot (obs. rare). 1596 Shahs. 1 Hen. IV, 1. i. 33 Then let me heare.. What yesternight our Councell did decree In forwarding this deere expedience. 1605 Verstegan Dec. Intell. vi. (1628) 172 Hee was greatly encouraged and forwarded in the matter by diuers of his most inward friendes. 1728 Morgan Algiers II. i. 2i. lxxvi, This prince .. showed every disposition to impede rather than to forward the operations of the British army. 1871 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xvi. 33 To protect its rights and to forward its interests. 2 . To accelerate the growth of (plants, etc.). 1626 Bacon Sylva § 412 So wee may House our owne Coun¬ trey Plants to forward them, and make them come in the Cold Seasons. 1707 Curios, in Hush. $ Card. 266 A Dunghill.. is of wondrous Efficacy to forward the Flowers. 1720 Swift Apollo to Dean Wks. 1755 IV. 1. 16 Whenever I shine, I forward the grass, and I ripen the vine. 184s Florist's J ml. 55 They [plants] will be forwarded, or retarded, according to the state of the season. 3 . To send forward, send to an ulterior destina¬ tion (a thing, rarely a person). In commercial language often loosely, to dispatch, send by some regular mode of conveyance. 1757 Franklin Let. to Wife in Bigelow Life (1881) I. 378 The black silk was sent to Mr. Neates, who undertook to forward it in some package of his. 1757 Affect. Narr. Wager 2 3 Where they might meet with., an Opportunity also of being forwarded to their own Home. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. Pref. 3 That letter .. has been since forwarded to the person to whom it was addressed. 1844 Lingard Anglo- Sax. Ch. (1858) I. iii. 122 Who. .forwarded him in safety to Rome. 1883 F. M. Peard Contrad. xii, There is a letter which should be forwarded to my brother. Mod. {Comm.) We have this day forwarded to your address per S.W.R. three boxes marked [etc.]. t b. To pass on, publish abroad. Ohs. 1713 Guardian No. 1 P 1 His countenance is communi¬ cated to the publick. .and forwarded by engravers, artists by way of mezzo-tinto, etc. 4. Bookbinding. To get (a sewed book) ready for the ‘ finisher ’ by putting a plain cover on (see For¬ warding vbl. sb. 2). Hence Fo*rwarded ppl. a. (in 17th c. occas. f forwardly disposed, eager); Fo’rwarding ppl. a. a 1674 Clarendon Surv. Leviath. (1676) 208 None are more glad to see those punishments inflicted, or more for¬ warded to promote it, then [etc.]. 1691 Norris Pract. Disc. 315 Enough to ingage us to seek out for the best and most forwarding Assistances. 1776 Barker in Phil. Trans. LXVI. 371 The latter part of that month was warm and for¬ warding. 1796 C. Marshall Garden, xv. (1813) 238 When these forwarded beans are planted in rows singly. 1894 Mrs. H. Ward Marcella III. '96 She had received a forwarded letter from that old friend. Forward : see Fore ward. Forwarder (fp-.twsjdai'). [f. prec. + -er 1 .] 1 . One who or that which forwards. 1549 Coverdale, etc - Erasm. Par. Eph. Prol., A fyne fore¬ warder of the ghospels lybertie. 1611 Cotgr., Poulseavcuit .. an overseer, and forwarder of a worke that requires hast. 1611 Barrey Ram Alley v. i, Noram I .. seconder, per- swader, forwarder, Principall, or maintainer of this late theft. 1681 Chetham Angler's Vade-m. xli. § 2 (1689) 308 Fresh Water being a great Forwarder of Fishes feeding. 1797 Burke Regie. Peace iii. Wks. 1808 VIII. 274 Contempt of the suppliant is not the best forwarder of a suit. 1840 Car¬ lyle Heroes ii. (1858) 222 Mecca, .had at one time a popula¬ tion of 100,000; buyers, forwarders of those Eastern and Western products. 2. Bookbinding. (See quot. 1890.) 1870 Echo 20 Dec., The men. .are divided into two classes, forwarders and finishers. 1875 Ure's Diet. A rts I. 424 The ends of the cords are then drawn by the ‘forwarder’ through holes pierced in the boards. 1890 Zaehnsdorf Binding Bk. 18 Forwarder, the workman who takes the books after they are sewn, and advances them to the covering department. Fo rwarding, vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ing >.] 1 . The action of the vb. Forward in various senses. Also gerundially, with omission of in. 1635 J. Gore Well-doing 17 Like that which Bias calls eyxoTrrji/ TrpoKoirr)v the Backeward forwarding of a cause. 1707 Curios, in Hitsb. $ Gard. 268 Horse-dung, and Kennel- Water, contribute, .to the forwarding of Plants. 1711 Swift Jrnl. to Stella 28 Sept., The people in general know that a peace is forwarding. 1817 Evans' Pari. Debates 1381 Sir J. Newport urged the immediate forwarding of the measure. 2 . spec, in Bookbinding. The operation of putting a plain cover on a book previously sewn, and other¬ wise making it fit for the 1 finisher’s’ hands. 1893 E. G. Duff Early printed Bks. 193 Even a study of the forwarding of a binding is of great help. 1895 Zaehnsdorf Hist. Book binding 13 His backs were firm, and his forwarding excellent. 3 . attrib. as forwarding department, -room ; for¬ warding agent, merchant, one whose business is the receiving and shipment or transmission of goods; forwarding-note (see quot.). 1839 Story Bailments Index, Forwarding merchant. 1869 Pall Mall G. 10 Aug. 10 The same building also in¬ cludes., a telegraph office, and a forwarding department, where remittances are sent from friends of emigrants, and all other miscellaneous letters received and forwarded. 1879 Casselfs Techn. Educ. IV. 40 The book now passes from the women to the forwarding room, where several processes occur. 1882 Cassell, Forwarding note {Comm.), a note in which is entered a description of goods or parcels, with the names and addresses of the consignor and consignee, to be sent along with goods, &c., conveyed by a carrier (American). 1892 E. Reeves Homewd. Bound 327 He employed a forwarding agent. Forwardly (fpuwaidli), adv. (and a.) [f. Forward a. + -by.] A. adv. 1 . In a forward manner; readily, promptly, eagerly; presumptuously, pertly. 1552 Huloet,. Forwardly or towardly, rccte. 1587 Flem¬ ing Contn. Holinshed III. 1579/2 He was not so suddenlie come, as forwardlie welcome. 1651 Jer. Taylor Scrm. for Year 1. Ep. Ded., You must not admire too for¬ wardly for your own sake. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. iv. viii. § 3, I grant, as forwardly as any one, that they are all true. 1712 Steele Spect. No. 504 T 5 The fellow, .very forwardly, and like a man who was willing to deal, told him [etc.]. 1812 W. Godwin Let. in Hogg Life Shelley (1858) II. iii. 86, I shall still acknowledge as forwardly as ever the lovely qualities. 1813 Examiner 15 Feb. 103/2 Men being forwardly obedient to all the impulses they receive from themselves. t 2 . In a forward position, in the fore part. Ohs. .• 57 s Banister Hist. Man 1. 24 The Cartilages, which the ribbes forwardly produce, are diuerse. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep.v. xix. 261 If the home have this situation, and be so forwardly affixed. 1654 tr . Scudery's Curia Pol. 189 When his valour marched so forwardly in the Van. 3 . In a forward direction, towards the front. U.S. 1876 Mrs. Whitney Sights <$• Ins. vi. 82 We did not come upon it forwardly, .we moved alongside it. 1884 Harper's Flag. Jan. 263/1 The..hands were stretched out forwardly, as though feeling the way. + 4 . Early, prematurely. Obs. <71641 Bp. R. Mountagu Acts <5* Mon. (1642) 546 Mary, Cleophas his daughter, was forwardly married, and a mother before she was 5 yeers old. + B. adj. a. Eager, ready, b. Advanced (in growth or progress). Also, of a season : Early. 1581 Mulcaster Positiofis xxxvii. (1887) 151 Til the childe be either in the grammar schole, by orderly ascent, and not by two forewardly hast. 1598 Barckley Felic. Man Ded. (1603) *iv b, It was so forwardly that I could not well hinder the impression. 1647 Trapp Comm. Matt, xviii. 21 Peter is still the same; ever too forwardly and forth-putting. 1670 W. Hughes Compl. Vineyard (1683)39 Neither ought it to be done, unless it be a forwardly Spring.. If your Vines be forwardly, you ought, .[to] break off some of the Leaves. Hence f Forwardliness, forward condition. 1647 Trapp Comm. Luke xxi. 38 Let our people look upon their forwardliness. 1667 Loud. Gas. No. 220/2 The two Men of War that were building.. are in a good forwardliness. Forwardmost (fpuwaidmJst), a. } superl. rare — 1 , [f. Forward a. + -most.] Most to the front, foremost; nearest. 1834 M. Scott Cruise Midge (1863) 24 Making the sweeps .. appear as black as ebony, between us and the flash of the forwardmost gun. Forwardness (fpuwaadnes). [see -ness.] 1 . The state or condition of being forward; ad¬ vancement towards completion or perfection. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xxviii. 41 Whan this croisy was in gret forwardnesse, for there was no spekyng but therof. 1596 Drayton Leg. 1. 677 Whilst in so faire forward¬ nesse it was. 1661 Marvell Corr. xxiv. Wks. 1872-5 II. 59 That Bill, which is in good forwardnesse to be presented to the House. 1711 Loiid. Gas. No. 4836/1 Funds, .which are hitherto in no forwardness of being compleat. 1779 Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 298 The arts are in no kind of forwardness here. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 129 Mr. Jessop had .. got other things in forwardness that had been committed to his charge. 1851 Helps Comp. Solit. xii. 242 Till it [a work] is in some state of forwardness. + b. Furtherance, advancement. Obs. 1591 Troub. Raigne K. John 11. (1611) 89 Thus fortune (Lords) acts to your forwardnesse. 17^2 Richardson Pamela IV. 209 If you should [ebuse to be divorced from me], I will give your Wishes all the Forwardness that I honourably can. 2 . (Unusual) advancement towards maturity : a. of a child; b. of a crop, the season, etc. 1693 Humours Conv. Town 21 Parents, .bring them to a bold Confidence, .and this they miscall Wit, and hopeful forwardness. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 95 F 4 The Satisfac¬ tion the Father took in the Forwardness of his Son. 1789 Mrs. Piozzi Journ. France II. 376 The forwardness of the season, c 1790 Willock Voy. 99 Gardens .. all in great forwardness. <11864 Hawthorne Arner. Note-bks. (1879) II. 139 Our peas are in such forwardness. 3 . The quality of being forward; readiness, promptness, eagerness, zeal, f Also, proneness or inclination to. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 69 In my body and flesshe I fynde no good, ne forwardnes to perfeccyon. 1555 Eden Decades 58 A man of. .apt forwardenes to attempte thynges. 1611 Bible 2 Cor. ix. 2, I know the forwardnesse of your mind. 1631 Gouge God's Arrows 1. xlii. 68 Not by reason of any forwardnesse in him to anger. 1696 Southerne Oroonoko iv. ii, I speak .. in my desire And forwardness to serve so great a man. 1817-18 Cobbett Resid. U.S. (1822) 84, I have observed in the American farmers, .not the least backwardness, but great forwardness, to applaud and admire my mode of cultivating these crops. 1852 Grote Greece 11. lxxx. X. 480 The extreme forwardness with which these leaders exposed themselves. 1875 Jovvett Plato (ed. 2) III. 217 Forwardness to take office. 4 . Over-readiness, presumptuous self-confidence; hence, lack of becoming modesty, boldness. 1600 Shaks. A. Y. L. 1. ii. 159 Since the youth will not be intrealed His owne perill on his forwardnesse. i6i2\Voodall Surg. Mate Wks. (165.3) 162 There is a fault in young Sur¬ geons of forwardnesse in taking too much blood at Sea. 1677 Govt. Venice 145 It is indecency and too much forwardness in young Men to enquire into the Institution of their Laws, and demand Reasons for them. 1705 Addison Italy 45 In France it is usual to bring their Children into Company, and to cherish in ’em, from their Infancy, a kind of For¬ wardness and Assurance. 1827 Lytton Pelham xii, Nobody will call your civility forwardness and pushing. 1875 Mrs. Randolph IV. Hyacinth 1 .129 She snubs him in the .. most remorseless manner. .His forwardness is quite amazing. Forwards (f^uwaidz), adv. (and a.) [f. For¬ ward with advb. genitive -s : see -wards.] A. adv. = Forward adv. in its various senses. The present distinction in usage between fomuard and for¬ wards .is that the latter expresses a definite direction viewed in contrast with other directions. In some contexts either form may be used without perceptible difference of mean¬ ing ; the following are examples in which only one of them can now be used : * The ratchet-wheel can move only for¬ wards' ; ‘ the right side of the paper has the maker’s name reading fomuards ’ ; ‘if you move at all it must be for¬ wards ’; ‘ my companion has gone fomuard '; ‘ to bring a matter fomuard ’; ‘from this time forward'. The usage of earlier periods, and of modern dialects, varies greatly from that of mod. standard English. In U.S. forward is now generally used, to the exclusion of forwards, which was stigmatized by Webster (1832) as ‘a corruption c 1400 Maundev. (1839) v. Fro this forewardes nevere entred such Filthe. 1470 85 Malory Arthur 1. vii, And sire Brastias was maade wardeyn to wayte vpon the northe fro Trent forwardes. 1489 Caxton Faytes of A. 1. ix. 24 To marche fonvardis a quantite of paaces. 1551 T. Wilson Logike (1580) 10 Thei will .. with good endevour fillip Nature forewardes. 1560-78 Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot. (1621) 47 We leave it .. to be weighed by your honours wisdome, and set forwards by your authority. 1691 T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. 122 An. .unlevel keel drooping forwards. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 17 The Teeth of the File are made to cut forwards, .for it cuts not coming back. 1785 Paley I Mor. Philos. (1818) II. 283 When .. we carry forwards our ; views. 1809 Pinkney Trav. France 57 If he can come for- I wards, and prove .. that he has merely been absent. 1844 Dickens Mart. Chuz. xxxiii, He was backwards and for¬ wards constantly. 1885 Manch. Exam. 16 May 5/1 Police¬ men .. have to carry him backwards and forwards between the police station and the workhouse. f B. adj. — Forward a. Obs. rare. 1598 Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. iii. x. (1622) 78 A valiant warriour, and forwards in all his charges.. 1625 Bacon Ess., Traz'aile{Arb.) 524 Let him be rather aduised in his Answers, then forwards to tell Stories. 1626 — Sylva § 422 Quere, if laying of Straw some height about the Body of a Tree, will not make the Tree forwards. t Forwa rn, forewa’rn, v. Obs. [OE. for- wiernan, f. For - pref 0 - + wieman to forbid : see Warnw.-] trans. To prohibit, forbid. With double obj., or obj. of the person and to with inf. or from. Beowulf (Gr.) 429 past pu me ne forwyrne .. pset ic mote [etc.]. £893 K. TElfred Oros. 11. iv. (Sweet) 76 Him paer se jiunga cyning paes oferfaereldes forwiernan mehte. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 221 Hwi wolde god swa litles pinges him for- werne. c 1205 Lay. 3497 Nule heo me do na wurse panne hire lond forwurnen. C1380 SirFerumb. 2809 pus damesels for-wernep al, pat me greuep werst. 1583 Golding Calvin \ on Dent., xxvii. 163 He forewarneth vs here to make any vndergods or meane gods. 1606 Holland Sue/on. 67 He prohibited and forewarned them the companie of strangers. 1690 Shadwell Am. Bigot iii, This wicked Duenna, .has forwarn’d her the house. 1708 S. Sewall Diary 8 Sept. (1879) II. 236, I meet the Workman by Mr. Pemberton's Gate, and forewarn him from making of it. 1820 Lamb Elia Ser. 1. Christ's Hosp. 35 years ago. He did not know that the thing had been forewarned. t For-wa ry, v. Obs. [f. For- pref}- + OE. w$rgan, Wary v. to curse; cf. OHG . furwergenl\ trans. To curse. Hence Forwa*ried ppl. a. c 1200 Ormin 8048 patt tatt man iss forrwarr^edd patt [etc.], j c 1340 Cursor M. 1350 (Trin.) Abelle pat kaym slou3e for- waryed wi^t. + Forwa’ste, v. Obs. Also 6-7 forewaste. Pa. pple. 6 forwaste. [f. For- pref} + Waste z/.] ! trans. = Waste v. in various senses; to lay waste ; to use up, exhaust; to render emaciated or feeble; to spend wastefully. 1563 Sackville Induct. Mirr. Mag. xi, A piteous wight, whom love had al forwaste. a 1577 Gascoigne Flowers , Jocasta Wks. (1587) 91 Then set aside these vaine fore- wasted words. 1580 Sidney Arcadia (1622) 365 The rest both in face and apparell so fore wasted, that they seemed to beare a great conformitie with the sauages. 1590 Spenser F. Q. 1. xi. 1 And their forwasted kingdom to repay re. 1630 Lord Bania?is Persees 31 To make their fore wasted powers, .to renew their vigour. Forwatched: see For- pref} 6 b. t Forwa’x, v. Obs. [OF. fomveaxan , f. For- pref} + weaxan, Wax v. Cf. Ger. verwachscn.'] intr. To grow to excess, overgrow, swell. Hence Forwaxen ppl. a. <7897 K. Alfred Gregorys Past. xl. (1872) 292 Sumu [treowu] he cearf. .Sylaes hie to &em forweoxen foet hie for- searoden. c 1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 80 Wie fader luued esau for fode, For- qui pat he was archer gode. a 1450 Le Morte Arth. ^89 (Roxb.) Thou shalt haue yiftis good, For why pat thou wilte dwelle wyth me. 2 . =For conj. 2 ( = L. nam, enim). a 1300 Cursor M. 15242 Drinckes all o pis he said For-qui it es mi blod. 1388 Wyclif Gen. iii. 5 For whi [Vulg. enim ] God woot that, in what euere dai 3e schulen ete therof [etc.]. c 1449 Pecock Repr. iv. iv. 445 Forwhi whi schulde he thanne more correcte. .than be correctid. 1460-70 Bk. Quintessence (i866)i8Saturnepeplanete. .is enemye toalkynde. Forwhy, euery snow [etc.] comep of him. 1513 Bradshaw 6 Y. Wer- burge 1. 2607 Her merytes were ..manyfest and playne For why by her merytes .. Sygnes and myracles were shewed full playne. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks 618 A camell might well carrie one of them [fieldpieces] .. for why, Solyman .. had..brought no greater pieces of batterie with him. For wintered; see For- pref. 1 5 c. t Forwith, adv . and prep. Obs. See also Forouth, Forrow. [f. For adv. or For- pref . 2 + With.] = Before adv. and prep, (used of place, time, order, etc.). a 1300 Cursor M. 215 Drery days fiuten. .sal cum for-wit domesday. Ibid. 1068 (Gott.), pis caym pat i forwid melte vnto his broper ire he bare. Ibid. 11006 He pat suld cum help vr hele Sent him forwit his bedele. Ibid. 11007 For-pi sent iesus iohn forwith, Ar he himself til vs wald kyth. Ibid. 11499 Melchior .. Wit recles forwit him he fell. a \ 400-50 Alexander 15 ,1 forwith 30W alle ettillis to schewe Of ane Emperoure. Ibid. 1675 As our fadirs has folowid forwith bis time. Ibid. 2242 Quare-to feynys pou pis fare for-with myne e}en ? b. With ere , than. a 1300 Cursor M. 10904 Als neuer did womman forwit ar. Ibid. 10953 He praid in pe kyrk allan, Als pe forwit pan was wont. Ibid. 14423 Als i haf teld you forwit are. H = Forthwith. ? = Immediately, at once. c 1430 Two Cookery-bks. 1.41, & put raw 3olkys of Eyroun ij or iij per-to, & choppe for-with. 1609 Bible (Douay) Josh. ii. 7 They being gone out the gate forwith was shutte. For withered: see For- pref T 5. t Forwi/tting 1 , sb. Obs. [f. For- pref. 1 + Wite v. + -ing 1 ; after Du. verwijten. ] Reproach. 1481 Caxton Reynai‘d{ Arb.) 91 Parauenture ye remem- bred not that I shal nowsaye, not to ony forwyttyng ofyow, for ye be worthy alle worship. t Forwle’lich, V. Obs. [OE.foi~ivl$ncean, (. For- pref . 1 + wlyicean to make proud, f. wlanc proud.] tratis. To render proud. c 897 K. jElfred Gregory's Past. xxvi. (1871) 182 Donne hiene ne ma^on 5 a welan forwlencean. a 1310 Lyric P. (Btiddeker) 183 When we bep wip pis world forwleynt. + Forwo nder, v. Obs. [f. For- preff + Wonder; cf. Ger. verwnndern to be astonished at.] Only in pa. pple.: Astonished. c 1200 Ormin 3417 Iwhillc mann patt herrde itt ohht For- wunndred wass pieroffe. a 1300 Cursor M. 18163 pai war for- wondred o pat light. 1375 Barbour Bruce vi. 10 Till him tald all haill the cass, That tharof all forvounderit wass. Forwo rden, ppl . a. Obs. exc. dial. Also irreg. 3 Oriti. forwurrpenn(-like), forworthyn, 9 dial. forwoden. [OE. forworden , pa. pple. of for- wcorftan : see Forworth v.] Perished, gone to ruin. Hence ( Orm .) Forwurpenlike adv., cor¬ ruptly, perversely. c 1200 Ormin 6245 pe33 wirrkenn 3unnkerr weorre Forr- wurrpennlike & ille. c 1440 Jacob's Well (E. E. T. S.) 106 pou faryst as a forworthyn man, pat had leuere to lyen & rottyn in prisoun, pan to do penaunce. 1508 Dunbar Flyting w. Kennedie 105 Forworthin fule, of all the warld reffuse. 1513 Douglas sEueis viii. iv. 21 A grysly den and ane for- worthyne gap of Cacus. 1691 Ray N. C. Words 27 Fore- worden with Lice, Dirt etc., i. e. over-run with. 1847 Halliw. Fore-warden , destroyed, undone. North. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss., They are lost and forwoden i’ muck. + Forwo’rk, v. Obs. \ 0 E. forwyrean, f. For- pref. 1 -1- wyrean to Work; cf. OS. faii.virkian, OHG. firwirken (MHG., mod.Ger. verwirken ), Goth, frawau rkjan. ] 1 . trans. To forfeit (a possession, privilege, etc.), ruin (oneself) by one’s own conduct. a 1000 Crist 921 (Gr.) He bi 5 . .ejeslic. .to geseonne. .pam pser mid firenum cuma 5 for 5 forworhte. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 221 past wuniungeon hefen rice, pese deofel forwo[r]hte mid modinesse. c 1200 Ormin 13734 Forr affterr pat ta forrme menn Adam & Eve .. Forrwrohhte waerenn ^asness Godd. Ibid. 17534 Hu wasrenn pe33 forrwrohhte To drejhenn wa wipp mikell rihht Inn helle wipp pe defell ? 1481 Caxton Rey¬ nard (Arb.) 52 Have I forwrought, and angred my frendes. 2 . To do wrong to, injure. c 1205 Lay. 16694 pat pu hauest pas has3e burh swa swi$e for-worht. 3 . To overwork, exhaust with toil. Only in pa. pple. Forwrou ght. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. C. 163 pen po wery for-wro3t wyst no bote, c 1400 Destr. Troy 5861 He was very [ = wery] for- wroght, & woundet full sore, c 1500 Lancelot 888 So for- wrocht hys lymmys ver ilkon. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 44 Werie forwrocht, and richt weilsum of wane. Forworn (f^iwpun), ppl. a. arch. [mod. Eng. (strong) pa. pple. of Forwear v.] Worn out, ex¬ hausted, decayed, grown old, the worse for wear. 1508 Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. li. Wks. (1876) 117 To botche or mende an olde forworen thynge. 1570 Dee Math . Pref. A iij b, They, who haue .. requested me, (an old forworne Mathematicien) to take pen in hand. 1590 Spenser F. Q. 1. vi. 35 A silly man, in simple weedes forworne, And soild with dust. 1625 Gonsalvio's Sp. Inquis. 64 He was an old forworne soldiour. 1631 Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 545 Old, wearied, and for-worne Hackneyes. 1849 J. A. Carlyle tr. Dante's Inferno 32 Those spirits who were foreworn and naked, changed colour. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. III. iv. 410 Slowly he went, for afternoon it was, And with the long way was he much foreworn. Forworship : see For- pref. 1 4. + Forwo*rth, v. Obs. [OE. forweordan str. vb., f. For- pref± + weorfian to become (see Worth v.) ; cf. OHG. fairer dan. In early northern ME. occasionally conjugated weak.] 1 . intr. To perish, come to nought, go wrong. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 52 Mid swurde hig for- wurpa 5 . CI175 Lamb. Horn. 109 purh his ah3ene ehte forwurS a on echnesse. ri2oo Trin. Coll. Horn. 155 Sum [sed] ful among pomes, and forwarS. c 1220 Bestiary 175 If 5 u hauest is broken Al 5 u forbreftes, forwurSes and for^elues. a 1300 E. E. Psalter lxxxii. 9 [lxxxiii. 10] pai forworthed in Endor. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 780 His werkes for- worthes pat he bygynnes. 2 . Todegenerate into,become(something inferior). a 1225 Ancr. R. -370 peo pet schulden one lecnen hore soule . .uorwur 5 e 5 fisiciens & licomes leche. Ibid. 422 Ancre ne schal nout forwurSen scolmeistre. + Forwoirnd, v. Obs. [OE. fonuundiaji, f. For- prefd + wundian , Wound v.] trans. To wound sorely. Hence Forwou’nded ppl. a. O. E. Chron. an. 882, & pa waeron miclum forslaigene & for wundode ser hie on hond eodon. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 81 He com bi pis forwundede mon. c 1205 Lay. 14713 Hors for 5 riht per for-wundede Catiger. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1287 pat folc vel doun vorwounded & aslawe in eiper side, c 1350 Will. Palerne 3686 3 our mene .. pat feynt ar for-fouten in feld & for-wounded, c 1400 Rom. Rose 1830 Upon my feet I roos up than Feble, as a forwoundid man. 1496 Dives a forS^esceaft for7;yte3 and forgy- me 3 . c X17S Lamb. Horn. 13 Gif Je. .mine heste forjemecS. c 1200 Ormin 7502 f>urrh Jmtt te33 Godess bodeword Forr- letenn & forr3emmdenn. a 1250 Prov. sEl/rcd 207 in O. E. Misc. 114 Monymon..for his seoluer hym seolue for- yemek- c 1320 Cast. Love 947, I seo f>e mis-lyken and al for-3emed, And out of fun owne lond l-flemed. C1440 Ps. Penit. (1894I 26 For me that hath thi feyth foryemed. + ForyieTd, v. Obs. [f. For- pref} + Yield v .; = OIIG. fargeltan (mod.Ger. vergelten ).] 1 . trans. To repay, recompense, requite. With personal obj. in dative, and direct obj. of the thing. Also intr. (const, of). Phr, God, etc. foryield (it). 971 Blickl. Horn. 45 pa waes him forgolden aefter his agenum gewyrhtum. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 65 For godes luue for3eue we al, for he hit wel for3elden seal, c 1205 Lay. 2298 An (m mi muchele swine mid sare for3eldest. a 1300 Cursor M. 4883 Sir, godd pe for-yeild. .Ofal pi god, and haue god day. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. vii. 263 pis is a loueli lesson vr lord hit pe for-3elde ! c 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 102 And men say Jyght chepe Letherly for-yeldys. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus n. 560 God 30W forjeild. 2 . To afford, permit. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 311 Thyn hous .. to repare as may thi londe foryelde. Hence Foryie'lding vbl. sb., the action of the vb., an instance of this; retribution, a reward. a 1300 E. E. Psalter cii[i]. 2 And nil forgete alle his for- yheldinges. Forytt, obs. f. Ferret sb. 1 || Forzando (fprtsamdt?), adv. Mus. [It. gerund of forzare to force.] With force : an indication that a note or passage is to be rendered with force or emphasis ; = Sforzando. 1828 in Busby Mus. Man. 1876 in Stainer & Barrett. Fosehip, foshipe, obs. forms of Foeship. Fosile, obs. form of Focile. Fosper, var. f. of footspore (see Foot sb. 35). 1570 Levins Manip. 73/44. Foss, var. form of Force sb. 2 , Fosse. II Fossa (fp'sa). PI. fossae. Anat. [L. fossa ditch, fem. pa. pple. (understand terra, earth) of fodere to dig.] A shallow depression, pit, or cavity. 1830 R. Knox Beclard's Anat. 68 The inflation of the abdomen, .causes the contents of the stomach to flow, .into ..the nasal fossae or the mouth. 1856-8 W. Clark Van der lloeven's Zool. II. 505 Sphenostoma.. Nostrils basal, placed in a fossa. 1870 Rolleston .■[ nim. Life 6 Between the temporal and the antorbital fossae. t Po*SSage. Obs.— ° [ad. med.L. fossdg-ium, f. L. fossa ditch.] (See quot.) 1721-92 Bailey, Fossage, a Composition paid, to be excused from the. .maintaining the Ditches round a Town. Fossak (f^’ss&k). (See quot.) 1888 Athenzum 21 Apr. 503/2 The tidal trout, or so-called * fossak * of the Inver and other rivers. Fossane (fy's^n). [a. F. fossane ; French tra¬ vellers give fonssa as the native name.] A species of weasel or genet, found in Madagascar, etc. 1781 Pennant Quadrup . II. 349 Weesel .. Fossane. W. with a slender body [etc.]. 1855-82 in Ogilvie. Fosse (fys). Also 7-9 foss. [a. F. fosse , ad. L. fossa (see Fossa).] 1 . An excavation narrow in proportion to its length ; a canal, ditch, or trench ; f a cart-rut. a 1440 Sir Degrev. 1640 The stede stert over a fosse and strykys astray. 1477 Norton Ord. Alch. i. in Ashm. (1652) 19 As water in fosses of the Carte-wheele. 1555 Eden Decades 137 Fosses or trenches made of oiilde tyme. 1606 Holland Sueton. 185 Hee had an intention, .from thence by a Fosse to let the Sea into old Rome. 1664 Evelyn Sylva (1776) 44 You may plant them in double Fosses. 1806 Surr Winter in Lond. (ed. 3) III. 41, I stripped off several of his garments, which I threw into a fosse. 1853 G. John¬ ston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. I. 254^ With mounds and parallel fosses that have evidently an artificial origin. fig. 1549 Compl. Scot. i. 19 The diuyne sapiens .. garris them fal in the depe fosse of seruitude. 2 . esp. in Fortif. and Archxol. A ditch or dike formed to serve as a barrier against an advancing foe, a moat surrounding a fortified place. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) iv. 32 There nyghe is the Fosse of Mennon, that is alle round. 1549 Compl. Scot. xiv. 113 Thai maid tua lang depe fosses about al the toune. 1678 tr. Gaya's Art 0/War n. 113 A Trench, a casting up of Earth by way of Parapet, with a Ditch or Foss on the side of the Enemy. 1774 Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772, 95 A round British camp surrounded with two fosses. 1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia 1 .1. iv. 157 It. .was defended by three strong ramparts, and two large fosses. 1872 Baker Nile Tribut. iv. 51 A deep fosse is a safeguard against a sudden surprise- 1882 Swinburne Tristram of Lyonesse 122 What fosse may fence thee round as deep as hate ? transfi i860 Motley Netherl. II. ix. 22 [The Meuse] was now. .in the power of the Spaniards, The Province of Bra¬ bant became thoroughly guarded again by its foss, 13 . A deep hole dug in the ground; a pit. Also, a burying-ground, grave. Obs. 1474 Caxton Chesse iv. vii, Than he herde a voyce that yssued out of the fosse or pitte of the sacrefises. 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 137 Its usual to apply good Mould, .to fill up the Foss after the placing :he Tree. 1727 Bradley Fam. Diet. s. v., The Foss or Pit for the Bait should be under it as at A. B. C. D. a 1777 Fawkes Apollonius Rhodius in. 1277 A deep round foss he made, And on the kindling wood the victim laid. 1855 Smedley Occult Sc. 129 Most of the spirits, .hover over the foss and its bloody libation. b. Hist . A pit [ = med. Lat. fossa ] in which women condemned for felony were drowned. 1825-80 Jamieson s.v. Pit $ Galloivs , In some old deeds.. these terms [furca et fossa] are rendered pure and fos. + 4 . A waterway or navigable channel. Obs. 1601 Holland Pliny 1 .117 In the fosse and mouth of this riuer Phasis. 5. An abyss, chasm, or gulf, [transl. It. bolgia .'] 1814 Cary Dante, Inf. vm. 74 We came within the fosses deep, that moat This region comfortless. 6. Anat. = Fossa. 1730-36 Bailey (folio), Foss [with Anatomists] a kind of cavity in a bone, with a large aperture, but no exit or per¬ foration. 1847 Johnston in P?*oc. Benu. Nat. Club II. No. 5. 215 Its origin was marked by a deep incissure or fosse in the back. 1883 Knowledge 13 July 22/2 Between the margin and the feelers.. there may be a groove or foss. 7. atlrib. and Comb., as foss-ditch ; foss-work, Hist. ( Feudal ), work done on the town foss. 1772 Burke Corr. (1844) I. 402 The nature of the Turkish frontier provinces, an immense foss-ditch (if I may so call it) of desert, is a defence made .. at the expense of mankind. 1775 Ash, Foss-work. !! Fosse (Jo-se). Also anglicized forms 8 faussee, fossde, -ee ; and Sc. Fowsie. [F. fossF.— late L. fossdtum, neut. pa. pple. of fossdre, freq. of fodere to dig.] A fosse, ditch, or sunk fence. 1708 Lond. Gaz. No. 4470/3 In the Night we made the Descent of the Fosses of the Counterguard on the Right. 1727 S. Switzer Pract. Gard. ix. lxxvii. 366 The digging of the fossee round will go a great way in raising the ground. 1761 Hume Hist. Fng. II. xxxvii. 312 Having ordered Andelot..to drain the fossee, he commanded an assault. 1769 De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. II. 175 The Orangery .. is separated from the Lawn by a Faussee. 1802 C. James Milit. Diet., Fossi in fortification. See Ditch. Fossed (fyst), a. [f. Fosse + -ED 2 .] Encircled with or as with a fosse. 1682 Wheler Journ. Greece 1. 60 A square Toure, or Castle, Fossed without but not very deep. 1831 Landor Siege Ancona Wks. 1846 II. 584 Burnt-offerings raised In your high places, and fossed round with blood ! Fosser, obs. form of Forcer 1 . 1601 Holland Pliny xvi. xl, These trees be good for caskets and fossers. Fosset, obs. form of Facet, Faucet, Forget. Fossette (fcse’t). [a. F. fossette dimple, dim. of fosse ditch: see Fosse.] A little hollow, de¬ pression, or dimple; esp. a. Zool. (see quot. 1856). b. Path. 1 A small ulcer of the transparent cornea, the centre of which is deep ’ (Ogilv.). 1848 Craig, Fossette (French) a little hollow; a dimple. 1852 Dana Crust. 1. 49 Inner antennae without fossettes, and elongated. 1856-8 W. Clark Van der Hoeven's Zool. I. 178 Cesto'idea .—Head usually furnished with fossettes or suctorial oscules. 1862 Dana Man. Geol.yn Showing, .the depression or fossette in the star on one side. Fossick (fy*sik), v. Austral, [app. of Eng. dial, origin; cf. 1 Fossick, a troublesome person, fossiking, troublesome. Wanv (Halliwell).] 1 . intr. in Mining. To search for gold by dig¬ ging out crevices with knife or pick, or by work¬ ing in washing-places and abandoned workings in the hope of finding particles or small nuggets overlooked by others. Also, to fossick about. 1852 W. H. Hall Diggings Victoria. 16 (Morris) Fossick¬ ing (picking out the nuggets from the interstices of the slate formation) with knives and trowels. 1855 Clarke Diet., Fossick , to undermine a man’s gold-digging. 1864 Rogers New Rush 1. 18 We’ll fossick wherever we think there is gold. 1886 M. Kershaw in Spectator 4 Dec. 1630 When a Chinaman fossicks about for gold or tin. 2. gen. To rummage or hunt about ; to search. 1887 Illustr. Lond. News 12 Mar. 282/3 ‘Fossicking* among books and memoranda I came upon an .. example. 1889 Bold rewood Robbery under Arms (1890) 165 We fossicked about for a while to see if the man. .had left any¬ thing behind him. 1890 Melbourne Argus 2 Aug. 4/3 Half the time was spent in fossicking for sticks. 3 . trans. To dig out, to hunt up (something). a 1870 Lemaitre Songs of Gold Fields 14 He ran from the flat..Without waiting to fossick the coffin lid out. 1893 J. A. Barry Steve Browns Bunyip 8 I’ll have to fossick up them mokes, Mariar. Hence Fossicking* vbl. sb. and ppl. a. Also Fossicker, one who fossicks, esp . a pocket-miner or a prospector for gold. 1859 Cornwallis New World I. 130 A plain leather belt, in which he.. carries his fossicking knife. 1864 Rogers New Rush 11. 32 Steady old fossickers often get more Than the first who opens ground. 1880 Sutherland Tales Goldf 22 He commenced working, .at surface digging and fossicking. 1891 Melbourne Argus 25 July 13/2 One could wish that all irrigationists would take the view that most of the native birds, and above all the swamp fossickers, are not merely friends but allies. Fossiform (firsifjMm), a. [f. L. fossa (see Fossa) + -(i)form.] Taking the form of a Fossa. 1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 188 Cells fossiform. Fossil (f^rsil), a. and sb. Also 6 focille, 7-8 fossile, (7 -ill, 8 fosile, fossel). [a. F. fossile, ad. L .fossil-is dug up, f. fodere to dig.] A. adj. 1 . Obtained by digging; found buried in the earth. [ x S63 W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 1 Those bodies, that are generated in the earth called Foss ilia.] 1654 Vilvain Epit. Ess. in. lxx, Seven unmixt fossil Metals are forecited. 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agric. ( 1681)25 Lime, Chalk, Marie, or any cold fossile Soils, are an extraordinary Improvement to dry, sandy, hot Lands. 1673 Ray Journ. Lo'iv C. 101 Fossile Dice, which they say they dig out of the Earth. 1732 Arbuthnot Rules of Diet 269 All fossil Salts, as Sea-SaTt, Rock-Salt, etc. 1816 J. Smith Panorama Sc. $ Art II. 354 Fossil coal, and. .bitumen, contain a large quantity of carbon. 1854 Ronalds & Richardson Chern. Technol. (ed. 2) 1 . 54 The oldest of all kinds of fossil fuel, the anthracite. Jb. Fossil fishes', fishes anciently supposed to live in water underground. Obs. 1661 Lovell Hist. Anim. Min. Introd. [a 1661 Fuller Worthies Lancashire n. (1662) 107 These Pisces Fossiles or Subterranean Fishes must needs be unwholesome.] 2 . Now applied in narrower sense to the remains of animals and plants, belonging to past (usually prehistoric) ages, and found embedded in the strata of the earth. (Commonly apprehended as an attrib. use of the sb.) Fossil ivory , ivory furnished by the tusks of mammoths pre¬ served in Siberian ice ; fossil screws (see quot. 1882). 1665 Phil. Trans. I. m Of Fossile wood and Coals. c 1680 Enquiries 2/1 Is there any. .Amianthus, Fossile teeth, or any kind of Ore unknown to you ? 1695 Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth vi. (1702) 251 The fossil Shells are many of them of the same kinds with those that now appear upon the neigh¬ bouring Shores. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Suppl. s.v. Ivory, Fossile Ivory. 1754 Phil. Trans. XLVIII. 801 It is..con¬ siderably lighter than any fossile petrifaction. 1758 Fother- gill ibid. L. 688 The fossill Bones of an Alligator found .. near Whitby. 1802 Playfair Illustr. Hutton. Th. 196 This is true likewise of the fossil-pitch of Coal-Brookdale. 1850 Lyell 2 nd Visit U. S. II. xxx. 177 A fossil forest. 1875 Maskell Ivories 2 Another kind of real ivory—the fossil ivory. 1880 Haughton Phys. Geog. vi. 264 Its fossil eggs are estimated at twenty-four pounds weight each. 1882 Cassell, Fossil-screws, a popular name for the casts in the rock left by spiral shells, or for those of encrinites when their impressions are horizontally furrowed. fig. 1841-4 Emerson Fss., Poet Wks. (Bohn) I. 162 Language is fossil poetry. 1849 Robertson Serm. Ser. 1. xii. (1866) 206 Words are fossil thoughts. 1877 Conder Basis Faith i. 34 The fossil impression of a dead faith. b. Used in names of certain mineral substances fancifully considered to resemble organic products, as fossil copal, cork, farina : see the sbs. ; fossil flax, paper, wood, wool, varieties of asbestos ; fossil flour, meal , ? ==fossil fanna. 1859 Page Handbk. Geol. Terms, Fossil-Paper, Fossil- Wool. 1882 Cassell, Fossil-flour. Ibid., Fossil-wood. 1882 Ogilvie, Fossil-flax. 1883 Cassells Fam. Mag. Dec. 62/2 ‘ Fossil meal ’ is the name given to a composition, .used for coating steam pipes and boilers. 3 . Applied contemptuously to persons, ideas,etc.: Belonging to the past, out of date; ‘ petrified in¬ capable of growth or progress. 1859 T. Parker in Weiss Life (1863) II. 103 The Pope is a fossil ruler, pre-mediseval. 1894 Ld. Rosebery in Westm. Gaz. 22 Mar. 5/2 Those fossil politicians — for there is a fossil Radicalism as well as a fossil Toryism. 33. sb. +1. In early use : Any rock, mineral, or mineral substance dug out of the earth. Obs. 1619 H. Hutton Follies Anat. (Percy Soc.) 23 So that he seemes as if black Vulcan’s art Of diverse fossiles had com¬ pil’d each part. 1665-6 Phil. Trans. I. 111 Of some Fossils as Sand, Gravel, Earths. 1744 Berkeley Sin's § 23 Its being dug out of the earth shews it to be a fossil. 1799 Scotl. Descr. (ed. 2) 15 An infinite diversity of minerals and other fossils. 1807 Headrick View Min. etc. Arran 58, I could not find any solid rock of that fossil [pitchstone]. 1814 tr. Klaproth's Trav. 382 The chief mass of this por¬ phyry seems..to be a distinct fossil from basalt. t b. A fossil fish : see A. 1 b. Obs. 1569 E. Fenton Seer. Nat. 50 b, The auncient Philoso¬ phers affirme, that there haue bene founde fishes vnder the earth, who (for that cause) they called Focilles. c. humorously. Something dug out of the earth. 1855 Lady Holland Mem. Syd. Smith 1 .376 You always detect a little of the Irish fossil, the potato, peeping out in an Irishman. 2 . Now only in restricted sense : Anything found in the strata of the earth, which is recognizable as the remains of a plant or animal of a former geo¬ logical period, or as showing vestiges of the animal or vegetable life of such a period. [1707 Curios, in Husb. § Gard. 296 When a Plant petri¬ fies, it degenerates by degrading it self to the Rank of Fossiles.] 1736 P. Collinson in Darlington''s Mem. (1849) 73 What are called fossils—being stones..that have either the impressions, or else the regular form of shells, leaves, fishes, fungi [etc.]. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I* 26 These shells and extraneous fossils are not productions of the earth. 1831 Brewster Ne'iuton (1855) 11 , xvi. 100 He regarded fossils as the real remains of plants and animals which had been buried in the strata. 3 . fig. Something ‘petrified’, that has lost its vitality or capacity for growth or progress. Also, contemptuously applied to a person of antiquated notions or habits. 1844 Emerson Led., Yng. Amer. Wks. (Bohn) II. 300 Government has been a fossil; it should be a plant. 1857 C. Bronte Professor iv, When a man endures what ought to be unendurable he is a fossil. FOSSILATE. FOSTER. 4. attrib. and Comb., attributive or similative, as fossil-like adj.; objective, as fossil-bearing adj.; fossil-botanist, one skilled in fossil-botany, the study of fossil plants; fossil-ore (see quot.). 1886 A. Winch ell Walks <$• Talks Geol. Field 195 These lowest *fossil-bearing strata. 1850 H. Miller Footer. Creat. x. (1874) 183 The * fossil botanist who devoted him¬ self chiefly to the study of microscopic structure. 1882 Cassell, * Fossil-botany. 1874 Sayce Com par. Philol. i. 61 Long-forgotten strata of society which our *fossil-like records reveal to us. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., * Fossil ore , fossiliferous red hematite. Hence + Fo-ssilry, ? a collection of fossils. 1755 Genii. Mag. XXV. 567 Verses occasion’d by seeing the Fossilry at Tenderves in Cornwall. Fossilate (ffrsilc't), v. [f. Fossil sb. + -ateT] trans. or intr. To make or become fossil. Hence Fossilated ppl. a. Also Fossila'tion, the action of the vb. ; = Fossilization. 1819 G. S. Faber Dispensatiotis (1823) 1 .143 The fossilated ruins of the productions of the third, and fifth, and sixth demiurgic periods. 1832 Fraser's Mag. V. 553 The fossi¬ lated remains of their skeletons. 1886 A. Winchell Walks <$• Talks Geol. Field 128 There are two suggestions in refer¬ ence to the way in which iron-ore particles have been ac¬ cumulated :—first, fossilation of ancient iron-bogs; second, segregation. Fossiled (fp'sild),///. a. rare. [f. Fossil sb. + -ED 1 .] Made fossil, fossilized. 1868 G. Stephens Runic Mon. I. 28 Everywhere both living and fossiled word-foliage, everywhere transition. Fossiliferous (ff’sili'ferosy a. [f. Fossil sb. +-(i)ferous. Cf. ¥ .fossiliftre.] Bearing or con¬ taining fossils or organic remains. 18.. Lyell Princ. Geol. (1875) II. 11. xxi. 194 The fossili- ferous deposits of modern date. 1858 Geikie Hist. Boulder vi. 97 Richly fossiliferous beds of the mountain limestone. Fossilification (ffsidifik^jan). [f. Fossi- lify : see -fication.] The action of the vb. Fos- silify ; petrifaction. 1846 Worcester (cites Wailes). 1855 in Ogilvie Suppl. FossiTify, v. rare~°. [f. Fossil sb. + (i)fy.J trans. and intr. — Fossilize. In recent Diets. Fossilism (f^siliz’m). [f. Fossil sb. + -ism.] 1 . The scientific study of fossils, rare— 1 . 1796 Coleridge in J. Cottle Early Recollect. (1837) I. 192, I would thoroughly understand Mechanics; Hydrostatics.. Fossilism; Chemistry [etc.]. 2 . The state of being a fossil, the character or nature of a fossil. 1861 Med. Times 18 May 526/1 Precocity may talk of superfluous laggards and obstructive fossilism. Fossilist (fjrsilist). Now somewhat rare. [f. as prec. + -ist.] One who studies fossils, an autho¬ rity on fossils, a palaeontologist. 1746 [see Argument v. 4]. 1766 Pennant Zool. (1768) I. 41 Those remains which fossilists distinguish by the title of diluvian. 1806 Guide to Watering Places 115 The fossilist and botanist may here find ample amusement. 1876 Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. vi. 113 Battles of opinion were fought between Cosmogonists, Diluvialists, and Fossilists. Fossility (ffsiTIti). ff. as prec. + -ITY. Cf. F. fossilite.~\ The quality or state of a fossil. i860 in Worcester (citing Penny Cycl.). Fossilization (ffrsilaiz^'Jbn). [f. Fossilize v. + -ATION. Cf. F. fossilisation.\ 1 . Hie action or process of fossilizing ; the conver¬ sion of vegetable and animal remains into fossils. 1819 G. S. Faber Dispensations (1823) I. 124 The human species alone, .entirely escaped fossilization. 1827 G. Hig¬ gins Celtic Druids 142 Draw up one of the piles driven into the Danube by Trajan, and see how far in it the process of fossilization has proceeded. 1872 Nicholson Palxont. 3 Fossilisation may be applied in a general sense to all the processes through which an organic body passes in order to become a fossil. 2 . The process of becoming, or state of having become, antiquated. 1886 [see Fluidity ib.] Fossilize (fp'sibiz), v. [f. Fossil sb. + -ize. Cf. Y.fossiliser.'] 1 . a. trans. To turn or change into a fossil. 1794 Hunter in Phil. Trans. LXXXIV. 407 Bones that are fossilized become so in the medium in which they were deposited at the animal’s death. 1854 F. C. Bakewell Geol. 32 ‘Petrifying wells’ do not, however, fossilize the things put into them. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. 229 There is much more likelihood that the remains of animals .. should be fossilized. b. intr. To become, or be changed into, a fossil. 1828 in Webster; and in later Diets. 2 . fig. a. trans. ‘To cause to become antiquated, rigid, or fixed’; i to place beyond the influence of change or progress’ (Webster 1864); rarely, to preserve as if in fossil form. b. intr. for refi. a. 1856 Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh vm. 532 Ten layers of birthdays on a woman’s head Are apt to fossilise her girlish mirth. 1862 R. H. Patterson Ess. Hist. <$• Art 98 Poetry,—which last century became temporarily fossilised from a slavish worship, .of antiquated models. 1877 A. B. Edwards Up Nile iv. 100 Sakkarah. fossilises the name of Sokari, one of the special denominations of. .Osiris. b. 1864 Webster, Fossilize , to become antiquated, rigid, or fixed, beyond the influence of change or progress. 1888 Co-op. News 2 June 550 If it is to flourish, and not fossilize. 3 . intr. To search for fossils, colloq. 1845 Lyell Trav. N. Amer. I. 158, I fossilized for three days very diligently. 486 Hence Fossilized ppl. a .; Fossilizing vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 1819 G. S. Faber Dispensations (1823) I. 124 No proper fossilized portion of the human subject has ever yet been detected. 18.. Lyell Princ. Geol. (1875) I. 1. xiv. 314 The Fossilizing process. 1861 Stanley Lect. Eccl. Hist. p. xxxviii, The fossilised relics of the old Imperial Church. 1887 Frith Autobiog. I. xviii. 228 The Academy ‘has changed all that ’, as well as other fossilized rules. 1891 Athenaeum 28 Nov. 7 15/1 The fossilizing influence of the patristic theologians. Fossil(l(e, var. form of Focile. 1612 Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 151. 1656 Ridgley Pract. Physic 242. + FossiTogy. Obs. [Incorrectly f. Fossil sb. + -logy.] That branch of science which deals with fossils; palaeontology ; also, a treatise on this. So f Fossi.logi.st, one who studies this science. 1776 G. Edwards (title) Elements of Fossilogy. 1776 De Costa Conchology 250 The Gryphytaj of fossilogists. 1806 Guide to Watering Places 176 In fossilogy we shall notice the echini, shark’s teeth, and ammonise. 1812 Gentl. Mag. LXXXII. 1. 206 An accurate and learned fossilogist. 1866 Phillips in Athenaeum 2 May (1874), Natural History and ‘ Fossilogy ’, as we then termed the magnificent branch of study now known as Palaeontology. FossiloTogy. rare ~ °. A less incorrect form (in Diets.) of Fossilogy. So Fossilolo'gical a., pertaining to ‘ fossilology FossiloTogist, one who studies this science. 1837 Whewell Hist. Induct. Sc. III. xviii. iii. § 2. 525 When, .earlier writers, .spoke of mineralogical and fossilo- logical maps. 1864 Worcester (cites Buchanan), Fossilology. 1882 Cassell, Fossilologist. t Fo 'SSion. Obs. rare ~ °. [ad. L. fossion-em, n. of action f. fodere to dig.] A digging. 1656-81 Blount Glossogr., Fossion , a digging or delving. II Fossor (fjrs^i). Eccl . [L. fossor in late L. sense of ‘ grave-digger ’.] An officer of the early Church charged with the burial of the dead. 1854 Cdl. Wiseman Fabiola (1855) 205, I saw it all, answered the old fossor. 1877 Withrow Catacombs of Rome (ed. 3) 519 A very numerous class in the economy of the primitive church was that of the fossors, or grave-diggers. Fossorial ^fpsoa’rial), a. and sb. Chiefly Zool. [f. L .fossori-us, f. fossor, agent-n. of fodere to dig + -al.] A. adj. 1 . Having a faculty of digging, able to burrow, burrowing, fodient. Fossorial Hymenoptera , a family of insects called Fossores. 1836-9 Todd Cycl. Anat. II. 46/2 The recently discovered American fossorial animal, the Chlamyphorus. 1845 Zoolo¬ gist III. 847 Some species of Fossorial Hymenoptera. 1877 Coues Fur Anim. Lx. 280 Other animals are as decidedly fossorial as the Badger. 2 . Of or pertaining to fodient animals, adapted for or used in burrowing. 1845 Todd & Bowman P/iys. Anat. 1 . 148 Among the Edentata those tribes possess a clavicle whose habits are fossorial. 1854 Owen in Circ. Sc. (C1865) II. 107/1 The fossorial (digging and scratching) character of the .. mechanism of the limbs. 1865 Wood Homes withoict H. 22 The fossorial limbs of the badger. B. sb. A fossorial animal. 1855 in Ogilvie Suppl., Fossorials. Fossorious (fpsdo’riss), a. [f. as prec. + -ous.] - Fossorial. 1826 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1828) III. xxxv. 545 The first pair of legs are fossorious. II Fossula (f£*sn/la). [L. fossula, dim. of fossa: see Fossa.] A small fossa ; spec. a. Anat. 1 One of the numerous slight depressions on the surface of the cerebrum 9 (1894 Gould Diet. Med.), b. Zool. A vacant space representing one of the primitive septa of certain corals ; more fully septal fossula. 1843 J. G. Wilkinson Swedenboi'f s Anim. Kingd. 1 . i. 21 They lie on the base of the tongue in superficial crypts or fossulse. 1879 Nicholson in Encycl. Brit. VI. 382/1 The septal fossula. Fossulate (fp'sitilet), a. Anat . and Zool. [f. L .fossula (see Fossula) + -ate 2 .] Having one or more long narrow grooves or depressions. 1839-47 Todd Cycl. Anat. III. 297/1 In the kangaroo .. there is a large fossulate papilla near the base of the tongue. Fossule (fp’si^l). [anglicized form of Fossula.] = Fossula. 1889 in Cent. Diet. Fossulet (f^'si^let). Entom. [dim. of Fos¬ sule : see -et.] An elongated shallow groove. 1889 in Cent. Diet. t Fo’ssure. Obs. rare — 0 , [ad. ~L. fossil r-a, f. fodere to dig.] ‘ A digging’ (1727 Bailey vol. II.). + Fo’Stal, sb. Obs. rare - 1 . In 5 pi. fostalx. [? a contraction of Footstall (not recorded in this sense).] The track of a hare. i486 Bk. St. Albans E viij b, When he [a hare] rennyth in the way drye or weete Then men may finde fostalx of clees or of feete. Fostal, var. form of Forestall sb. 2. + Fo'Stell. Obs. rare~K [?a. OF . fustaille (mo&.Y. fiitaille) cask.] ? A cask. ai$io Douglas K. Hart 11. lxi, Grein Lust, I leif to the at my last ende, Of fantisie ane fostell fillit fow. Fosten, obs. form of Fustian. Foster (f^stai), .stf. 1 Obs. exc. in Comb. [OE. fostor, str. neut. = ON. fostr:— OTeut. *fSs/ro m , f. root *fbd- (see Food) + instrumental suffix -tro -.] 1 . Food, nourishment. c 1000 Saxon Leechd. II. 198 Sio is blodes timber, & blodes hus, & fostor. c 1230 Hali Me id. 15 Ure lioomes lust is he feondes foster. Proverb, a 1420 Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 60 Styntyng the cause, th’ effect styntethe eke, N0 lenger forster, no lenger lemman. 1670 Ray Proverbs 94 No longer foster no longer friend. 2 . Guardianship, keeping, fostering. At foster, at nurse (with a foster-parent). c 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 320 Now shalle thai have rom in pyk and tar ever dwelland, Of thare sorow no some, bot ay to be yelland In oure fostre. 1861 G. W. Dasent Burnt Njal II. 166 They had children out at foster there. 3 . a. Offspring, progeny, b. One nourished or brought up; a foster-child, nursling, c. An animal of one’s own breeding. a. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 225 Ic 3egaderi in-to $e of diercynne and of fu3el cynne simle 3emacan, f>at hi eft to fostre bien. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 451 Ant ti semliche schape schawe# wel }?aet tu art freo monne foster. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 257 For hit was |?e forme-foster J?at folde bred. 1513 Douglas ZEneis vi. xv. 86 Ne neuer, certis, the ground of the Romanis Of ony foster sail hym so avance. b. c 1205 Lay. 25921 Eleine min a3en uoster. 1585 M. W. Commendat. Verses to Jas. Vs Ess. Pocsie (Arb.) 10 Lo heir the fructis, Nymphe, of thy foster faire. C. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 108 This, .beast..is my leill, lawfull, and hamehalde cattell, or my inborne foister, the quhilk was thifteouslie stollen fra me. 4 . attrib. and Comb., as foster-home, - milk , Foster-brother, -sister; Foster-child, -son and synonymously foster-babe , - daughter. Also Foster-father, -mother and in the synonyms foster-dam, + -mame (Sc.), -parent, -sire; hence in sense of ‘ acting as a foster-mother or nurse *, foster-city , - earth. 1818 Byron Ch. Har. iv. lxxxix, All thy ^foster-babes are dead. 1618 Bolton Florus in. xviii. (1636) 228 All Etruria and Campania, finally Italy, rose joyntly in armes against the mother and *foster city. 1697 Dryden ZEneid vm. 843 There, by the Wolf, were laid the Martial Twins.. The *foster- Dam loll’d out her fawning Tongue, c 1616 Webster Duch. Malfy 11. ii, Go, go, give your *foster-dau§hters good coun¬ sel. 1708 J. Philips Cyder 1. 9 The nursling Grove Seems fair awhile, cherish’d with *foster Earth. 1886 Longm. Mag. VII. 647 *Foster-homes under the boarding-out system. 1606 Bjrnie Kirk-Buriall (1833) 17 Superstition, the *foster mame of all error. 1582 Bentley Mon. Matrones iii. 272 Like a louing mother, and tender nursse, giving my *foster- milke, the foode of thy word and Gospell, aboundantlie to all. 1649 Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. 37 That little love which is abated from the ^Foster-parents upon publick report that they are not natural. 1816 Gentl. Mag. LXXXVI. 1. 11 The Gentleman’s Magazine being very justly considered as the foster-parent of English Topography. 1878 M. A. Brown Nadeschda 16 Scarce had the beauteous maiden ceased When Miljutin, her kind *foster sire, .approached. Hence Fo stership = Fosterage. 1861 Clington Frank O''Donnell no The tie of fostership is, or at least was, held as sacred as that of natural brothers. Fo’Ster, sb .' 1 Obs. exc. arch. Also 1-3 fostre. [OE. (cild-) fostre wk. fern., nurse, = MDu. voester (also voetster , mod.Du. voedster ), ON. fostra OTeut. *fdstrdn-, f. *fdstr-o m : see prec. ON. had fSstre wk. masc., foster-father, of similar formation. In the sole recorded OE. instance, a variant reading is cildfestre , which is prob. a genuine form :—prehistoric *fbdistra,f. root of Food + fem. agent-suffix -istrdn,- ster.] A foster-parent, nurse. a 1000 Laws of Ine lxiii[i], Mot he habban .. mid him .. his cildfostran [v.r. -festran]. a 1225 St. Marker. 8 f>u art foster ant feder to helplese children, c 1250 Gen. <$• Ex. 2620 Sche for< 5 -ran, And brogt hire a fostre wimman. Ibid. 2624-5 IakabeS wente bliSe agen, Sat 3he Se gildes [cildes ?] fostre muste ben. a 1563 Becon Humble Supplic. Wks. 1563 III. 21 b, Heretofore we had suche shepeheardes, as were tender fosters of thy flocke. 1601 Holland Pliny xv. iv, The Greekes, whom wee may count the very fathers and fosters of all vices. 1640 R. Baillie Ca?iterb. Self-Convict. Pref. 10 Your sweete Fosters the Bishops have brought the Pope upon you and your Children. 1737 Waterland Eucharist 157 The Word is all Things to the Infant, a Father, a Mother, a Preceptor, a Foster. 1851 Longf. Gold. Leg. 11. Village Church, This is the Black Pater-noster, God was my foster, He fostered me Under the book of the Palm-tree ! + Fo ster, sb. 3 Obs. Also 5 fostere. [con¬ tracted f. Forester ; used in AF.] = Forester. c 1386 Chaucer Prol. 117 A forster [v.r. foster] was he, soothly, as I gesse. c 1430 Syr Tryam. 1063 Then swere the fosters alle twelve, They wolde no wedd but hymselfe. 1460 Capgrave Chron. iii Flaundres. .had no othir gover- nouris but the Fosteres of the Kyng of Frauns. 15.. Adam Bel 561 in Hazl. E. P. P. II. 162 Forty fosters of the fe, These outlawes had y-slaw. 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. i. 17 A griesly Foster forth did rush. 1594 [see Forester i]. 1597 Dowland 1 st Bk. Songs (1844) 90 And love as well the foster can, As can the mighty nobleman. 1607 [see Forester i]. Hence Fo'stership, the office of forester. 1628 Coke On Litt. 20 a, The Office of a Fostership [was] intailed. Poster (f^'stsi), v. Forms: i ?fostrian, 3 fostren, -in, {firm, fosstrenn , 3-6 fostre, (3 south, vostre, 4 fostire), 5 foustre, (5 fostare, 7 fauster), 3- foster. [OE. *fistrian (Lye),= ON .fostra (Sw. fostra, Du. fostre), f. fostor, Foster sb. 1 The recorded OE . fislr{i)an may be either f. the same stem or f. fistre nurse : see Foster j£.-] + 1 . trans. To supply with food or nourishment; to nourish, feed, support. In early quots. to feed and foster. Obs. in lit. sense. FOSTER. 487 FOSTERLING. [a 1050 Liber Scintill. lxxxi. (1889) 222 Mann by]> festrud [nutritur] and by# ^efedd.] c 1200 Ormin 1558 Annd Jesu Crist himm sellf shall ben Uppo batt bodi} haefedd, To fedenn & to fosstrenn hemm. c 1300 Havelok 1434 Vnto this day, Haue ich ben fed and fostred ay. c 1386 Chaucer Man¬ ciple's T. 71 Lat take a cat, and fostre him wel with milk, And tendre flesh. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 434 b/i Wold to god I had mylke to foustre the wythal. 16x1 Shaks. Cytnb. 11. iii. 119 One, bred but of Aimes, and foster’d with cold dishes. [1719 Young Busins v. i, The infant of my bosom ! Whom I would foster with my vital blood.] fig. a 1340 Hampole Psalter xxx. 4 For |>i name }>ou sail lede me & fostire me. a 1400-50 A lexandcr 3495 His fiesche is fostard & fedd be fi^t & by sternes. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 108 b, They sholde be. .with swete conso- lacyons fostred & nourysshed. 1647 H. More Song of Soul 11. ii. iii. iv, Fauster’d and fed with hid hypocrisie. + 2 . To bring up (a child) with parental care; often, to bring up as a foster-child, be a foster- parent to. Also with forth , up. Obs. c 1205 Lav. 25900 Ich wes hire uoster-moder, and feire heo uostredde. c 1340 Cursor M. 3070 (Trin.) Here shal ]>ou wi}> him wone & foster forb here bi sone. 1357 Lay Folks Catech ., Fleshli fadir and modir That getes and fosters us forthe in this world, c 1386 Chaucer Man of Laws T. 177 Thy yonge doughter fostred up so softe. 1470-85 Malory Arthur 1. vi, Your wyf that as wel as her owne hath fostred me and kepte. 1529 More Supplic. Soulys Wks. 337/2 Oure fathers also, whiche while we liued fostred vs vp so tenderly. 1588 Shaks. Tit. A. 11. iii. 153 Some say, that Rauens foster forlorne children. 1606 Bryskett Civ. Life 34 Such children as were borne vnperfect. .should not. .be fostered vp. 1697 Dryden AEneid vii. 941 The son of Mulciber, Found in the Fire, and foster’d in the Plains. + b. To bring up, educate, nurture in (beliefs, habits, etc.). Obs. c 1386 Chaucer Sec. Nun's T. 122 This mayden .. Was .. from hir cradel fostred in the faith Of Crist. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 378/1. 1588 A. King tr. Canisius ’ Catech. 50 Fosterit, teachit, and brocht vp in continuall exeicise. 1580 Sidney Arcadia 11. (1590) 138 b, A Prince .. fostred [ed. 1598 fostered vp] in blood by his naughty Father. c. with reference to Fosterage 2. Also absol. 1515 in St. Papers Hen. VIII (1834) II. 13 Some sayeth, that the Englyshe noble folke useith to delyver therre children to the Kynges Irysshe enymyes to foster. 1596 Spenser State Irel. Wks. (Globe) 638/2 These evill customes of fostring and marrying with the Irish most carefully to be restrayned. 1775 Johnson West. I si . 313 A Laird, a man of wealth ana eminence, sends his child, either male or female, to a tacksman or tenant, to be fostered. 1887 Stokes tr. Tripartite Life Patrick 141 He gave him to bishop Bron to be fostered. d. To foster on (a lamb): to put it to a ewe, which is not its mother, to be nourished. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) II. 264 Sometimes it is neces¬ sary to .. compel the ewes to admit the lambs, either their own or fostered on, to suck them. Note , To foster on a lamb, they tie the ewe, and at night compel her to give suck to the lamb two or three times. e. transf. and fig. of a country, etc. a 1300 Cursor M. 22102 Bethsaida and corozaim, bir tua cites sal foster him. 1577 tr. Bullingers Decades (1592) 145 Euery mans countrie .. which fed, fostered, adorned, and defended him. 1583 Stanyhurst AEneis 1. (Arb.) 35 Such barbarus vsadge What soyle wyld fosters ? 3 . To ‘nurse’, tend with affectionate cave; to ‘ nurse*, cherish, keep warm (in the bosom). £•1386 Chaucer Clerk's T. 166 And in greet reverence and chantee Hir olde poore fader fostred she. — Merck. T. 143 No man hateth his flesh, but in his lyf He fostreth it. 1388 Wyclif Prov. v. 20 Mi sone, whi art thou disseyued of an alien womman ; and art fostrid [foveris] in the bosum of an othere ? 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour I iv b, She hadde grete pyte of wymmen whiche were at theyre childbedde and vysyted and foustred them. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) 330, I was so foolish and inconsiderate to foster vp as it were in my bosom this my domesticall and neglected enemy. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. xxxi, What a viper have I been fostering in my bosom ! 1821 Keats Lamia 140 But the god fostering her chilled hand, She felt the warmth. 4 . To encourage or help to grow; to promote the growth of (a fire, plant, etc.). Also, with f forth, up. Now only with mixture of sense 3. a 1225 Auer. R. 296 pe sparke li# & kecche# more fur, & fostred hit ford, & waxed from lesse to more. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xvii. 206 Wex and weyke and hote fyre togyderes Fostren forth a flaumbe. 1555 W. Watreman Fardle Facions 1. i. 24 The moste pleasaunt plot of the earth, fos¬ tered to flourishe with the moisture of floudes on euery parte. *576 Gascoigne Philomene 4 Westerne windes do foster forth our floures. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. (1652) 133 They [the priests] shave their heads and foster their beards, con¬ trary to the laity. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. viii, A flower . .Which once she foster’d up with care. 1856 Kane A ret. Expl. I. ix. 98 Fostered by the reverberation of solar heat from the rocks, we met a flower growth. 5 . To encourage, cherish, harbour fondly, nurse (a feeling, etc.); to encourage, promote the develop¬ ment of; (of things, circumstances) to be favourable or conducive to. Also with up. 1570 Buchanan Ane Admonit. Wks. (1892) 31 Thehamil- tonis fosterit yair vane hoip. 1585 Abp. Sandys Serm. x. 166 The Arrians, the Anabaptists, the Family of loue, with all others of the like sort, fostered vp their errors in secret and darke corners. 1755 Monitor (1756) I. ii. 17 They always foster up a jealousy in the minds of the people. 1783 John¬ son Let. to Mrs. Thrale 8 July, Of Miss H— whom you charge me with forgetting, I know not why I should much foster the remembrance. 1785 Burke Sp. Nabob of A root's Debts Wks. IV. 207 The system of concealment is fostered by a system of falsehood. 1809-10 Coleridge Friends 1865) 192 Rivalry between two nations, .fosters all the virtues by which national security is maintained. 1844 H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 216 Thus fostered, the insurrection was rapidly gaining head. 1844 Disraeli Convigsby vn. viii, The enmities that are fostered between you and my grand¬ father. 1868 Rogers Pol. Econ. viii. 11876) 76 The genius of financiers was directed towards fostering exportation, check¬ ing importation. 1885 Clodd Myths or. 1470-85 Malory Arthur 1. vi, My sone your foster broder Syre Kay. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. liv. (1663) 212 The Chaumigrem his Foster-brother was Com¬ mander in Chief. 1752 Fielding Amelia Wks. 1775 X. 78 He had been her foster-brother. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xxxiv, Eachin Maclan placed himself in the second line betwixt two of his foster-brothers. transf. and fig. 1587 Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1320/1 Foure of fansies fellowes, fosterbrothers to desire, and drie nurst by despaire. 1610 Beaum. & Fl. Maid's Trag. iv. i, My wrongs, Which are my foster-brothers, a 1735 Arbuthnot Wks. (1751) I. 195 The Bear with her Cubs and their Foster-Brother, i860 All Year Round No. 63.295 The nestling cuckoo ungratefully ejects his legitimate foster¬ brethren out of the family nest. Hence Foster-bro therhood. 1886 Athenaeum 6 Feb. 194/1 A more picturesque story of foster-brotherhood was never imagined. Fo'ster-child. \OE. foster did, f. Foster^. 1 ] A child as related to persons who have reared it as their own, or {esp. in Ireland and the Highlands) to its wet-nurse and her husband; a nursling. a 1200 Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 538 Alwnnus^ fostercild. 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. ii. 33, I avow, by this most sacred head Of my deare foster childe, to ease thy griefe. 1612 Davies Why Ireland, etc.{ 1787) 135 The foster-children do love,and are beloved of their foster-fathers. 1717 Addison Ovid's Met. iii. 346 The Goddess thus beguil’d, With pleasing Stories, her false Foster-child. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xxxiv, Torquil, who entertained for his foster-child even a double portion of that passionate fondness. fig. 1820 Keats Ode on Grecian Urn 2 Thou foster-child of Silence and slow Time. 1846 H. Rogers Ess. (1874) I. iv. 153 Leibnitz, .[was] a foster-child of literature. Fosterer (fp'storoi). [f. Foster v. + -er k] 1 . One who nurses and brings up (a child) ; a nurse, foster-parent; esp. with reference to the custom of Fosterage. 1589 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 48 What sparkes they haue of inconstancie, they drawe from their female fosterers. 1612 Davies Why Ireland , etc. (1787) 135 In Ireland, .they put away all their children to fosterers. 1747 W. Harris in Southey Comm.-Pl. Bk. Ser. 11. 362 If any love or faith is to be found among, the Irish, you must look for it among the fosterers and their foster-children, a 1873 Lytton Pausanias 81 My fosterer, my saviour, my more than father. fig. a 1571 Jewel On 1 T/iess. (1611) 153 Peace .. is the Nurse and fosterer of the Church of God. 1836 Lytton Athens (1837) II. 577 Fountains and Rivers and ye Trojan Plains, I loved ye as my fosterers. 2 . One who cherishes or cultivates (a plant, etc.). 1628 Prynne Love-loclees 27 All our Impudent, Ruffianly, and Shamelesse Love-locke fosterers. 1871 M. Collins Mrq. $ Merck. II. vi. 167 ,1 don’t pretend to guess whether she prefers the fosterer of flowers or the smiter of steel. 3 . A patron, protector, favourer (of persons or things) ; one who, or something which, promotes or encourages the growth of (a feeling, an institu¬ tion, etc.). 1581 Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 54 Dooth not knowledge of Law. .being abused grow the crooked fosterer of horrible iniuries? 1586 J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinshed II. 132/1 The most notable offenders and their fosterers. 1659 Rushw. Hist. Coll. I. 616 His Mother was a Recusant, and a fosterer of Recusants. 1691 Wood Ath. Oxon. I. 819 Being found unfit.. because he was a fosterer of faction, he resign’d. 1837 Whewell Hist. Induct. Sc. (1857) E ? IQ The Arabians became the fosterers and patrons of philo¬ sophy. 1848 Lytton Harold iv. vii, His character, as the foe of all injustice and the fosterer of all that were desolate. 4 . Anglo-Irish. A foster-brother. 1735 Swift fiett. (1766) II. 217 When I had credit .. at court, I provided for above fifty people..of which, not one was a relation. I have neither followers, nor fosterers, nor dependers. 1828 C. Croker Fairy Leg. II. 238 He has an eye on the farm this long time for a fosterer of his own. Fo’ster-father. [OE .festerfxder, f. Foster sby (also fester -: cf. related forms under Foster sbA and v.). Cf. ON. fesl/fadir .] a. One who performs the duty of a father to another’s child, b. The husband of a nurse (esp. in Ireland and the Highlands). a 800 Corpus Gloss. 140 Altor , fostorfaeder. la 1000 Martyrol. (Cockayne) 62 He is ure festerfaeder on Criste. c 1200 Ormin 8855 Annd till hiss fossterrfaderr ec He wass buhsumm & milde. 13.. Gtiy Warw. (A.) 169 Gij a forster fader hadde That him lerd and him radde. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke ii. 37 a, The chylde. .beeyng vnder the guydyng of his mother, and his foster-father. 1622 Bacon Hen. VII Mor. & Hist. Wks. (Bohn) 342 The duke of Britain having been .. a kind of parent or foster-father to the king. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 123 p 5 Florio lived at the House of his Foster-father. 1848 Dickens Dombey ii, He motioned his child’s foster-father to the door. fig. 1561T. Norton Calvin’s Inst. iv. 161 Esay. .promiseth that kinges shalbe fosterfathers of y° Chirch. a 1652 J. Smith Sel. Disc. iii. 51 Epicureans (who are not the true, but foster-fathers of that natural philosophy they brag of). + Fo'ster-feeTing. ? nonce-wd. One who 1 fosters feeling a sentimental person. 1784 Unfortunate Sensibility II. 119 The luke-warm rhetoric of foster-feelings. Fo'sterhood. rare. [f. Foster sb . 1 + -hood.] The condition of being fostered or nursed tenderly. 1834 7 'ait’s Mag. I. 242 Margaret would .. bid her not spoil the boy by over-fosterhood. Festering, vbl. sb. [f. Foster v. + -ing 1 .] 1 . The action of the vb. Foster in various senses. c 1230 Hali Meid. 33 Jn his fostrenge for#, c 1400 Rom. Rose 6113 In Gile & in Ipocrisie, That me engendred & yaf fostryng. 1447 Bokenham Seyntys Introd. (Roxb.), Of Seynt Margrete .. The byrthe, the fostryng and how She cam Fyrst to the feyth. 1548 Hall Citron ., Edw. IV (an. 13) 225 b, For the long mainteinyng, and fosteryng of Quene Margarete, and her soonne Prince Edwarde. 1885 Athenaeum 3 Oct. 441/2 The withdrawal of such official and quasi-official fostering as architecture already has. b. = Fosterage 2. Obs. exc. Hist. 1596 Spenser State Irel. Wks. (Globe) 638/1 The chiefest cause of the bringing in of the Irish language, amongest them, was specially theyr fostring, and marrying with the Irish. 1612 Davies Why Ireland , etc. (1787) 135 In the opinion of this [the Irish] people fostering hath always been a stronger alliance than blood. 1827 Hallam Const. Hist. (1876) III. xviii. 354 The English settlers, .connected them¬ selves with them [Irish] by the national custom of fostering. 2 . concr. Food, nourishment, sustenance. c 1386 Chaucer Sompn. T. 137 ,1 am a man of litel susten- aunce. My spirit hath his fostring in the Bible. Fostering (fjrstariq), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing 2 .] That fosters, in senses of the verb. 1568 T. Howell Arb. Amitie (1879) 35 The fethred foule ..his fostring foode, with chirping bill he peckes. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 1. 9 Bacchus and fost’ring Ceres, Pow’rs Divine. 1764 Goldsm. Trav. 368 Thou transitory flower, alike undone By proud contempt, or favour’s foster¬ ing sun. 1795 Burns To Cunningham 4 The furrow’d, waving corn is seen Rejoice in fostering showers. 1840 Macaulay Ranke’s Hist. Ess. 1851 II. 145 Edinburgh has owed less to. .the fostering care of rulers. Hence Fosteringly adv. 1838 Carlyle Misc. (1857) IV. 205 Sheltered and foster- ingly embowered. Fo’ster-land. rare- 0 , [after Foster-mother, etc. OE. had festerland 1 land allotted for the sup¬ port of monks ’ ( = ad cihun monachorum , Domes- day).] ‘ One’s adopted country’ (Cassell, 1882). Fosterling (f/rstoilig). [OE . festorling: see Foster sb . 1 and -ling.] A foster-child, nursling. c 1000 iELFRic Gloss. Supp. in Wr.-Wiilcker 170 Uertta, uel uemaculus , imberdling, uel fostorling. c 1205 Lay. 28574 P er weoren of-sla3e. .pa Bruttes alle of ArSures borde, and alle his fosterlinges. 1630 B. Jonson New Inn v. i, I’ll none of your Light Heart fosterlings, no inmates, Sup¬ positious fruits of an host’s brain, .to be put upon me. 1872 FOSTERMENT. 488 FOUGADE Morris Love is enough (1873) 70 Eid farewell to thy foster¬ ling while the life yet is in me. 1886 Sat. Rev. 20 Feb. 272 He has no special fosterling of his own, no pet theory for which he is bent on securing, .recognition. + Fosterment. Obs. rare. [f. Fosters. + ment.] Food, nourishment, subsistence. 1593 Nashe Christ's T. 33 b, She had no other refuge of fosterment, she was constrained .. hauing but one onely sonne, to kill him and rost him. 1623 in Cockeram. Footer-mother. [OE. foster -, fostormSdor, f. Foster sb. 1 Cf. ON .fostrmodir. (OE. had also ftstermSdor \ cf. fhtre = Foster sb. 2 ).] A woman who nurses and brings up another’s child : a. as an adoptive mother; b. in the capacity of a nurse. la 1000 Martyrol. (1894) 154 pa cwaeS baes cnihtes fostor- modor to bam feeder : £if [etc.], c 1205 Lay. 25899 Ich wes hire uoster-moder. a 1300 Cursor II. 3347 Hir foster inoder wit hir scoledd. c 1470 Henry Wallace 11. 270. 1634 Sandys Prudence x. 127 That Childe that receiveth nutriment from his Foster Mother, a 1735 Arbuthnot Whs. (1751) I. 196 The young Gentleman told his Foster-Mother..that [etc.]. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 582 Maine .. was loved by Lewis with the love of a father, by Madame de Maintenon with the not less tender love of a foster mother. 1894 Daily News 12 Mar. 6/5 Each home, .will be in charge of a foster- father and foster-mother. fig. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 80 Obedience.. is the nouryce or fostermother of all vertues. 1637 Ld. Carey Romulus <5* Tarq. 201 Liberty belongs to equals, flattery to inferiours, the one is the Common-wealths Nurse, the other the Tyrants foster-mother. 1876 Bancroft Hist. U. S.V I. xxxiii. 129 France became the foster-mother of republicanism. Fo - ster-nurse. [f. Foster r- to stretch out: see Fathom sb.} 1 . A load ; a cart-load (of hay, turf, wood, etc.). Obs. exc. dial. m O. E. Citron, an. 852 (Laud MS.) He scolde gife ilea &ear in to he minstre sixti^a foSra wuda and tweelf foftur graefan and sex foftur gearda. c 1205 Lay. 25762 Ban unimete, bi atlinge heom >uhte pritti uoSere. 1375 Barbour Bruce x. 198 Ane fudyr .. greter .. Than eny he broucht .. befor. c 1386 Chaucer Prol. 530 With him ther was a Plowman, was his brother That hadde y-lad of dong ful many a fother. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6007 pe sledd it bare so grete fothir. 1469 Plump ton Corr. 21 Your tenant, .hath not gotten but xii foder of hay. 1490 Acta Dom. Cone. 181 Withhaldin .. fourtj fuder of pettis [ = peats] of ane yere bipast. 1568 Wowing Jok 4- Jynny vii, Fyve fidder of raggis to stuff ane jak. 1569 in Wills $ Inv. N. C. (Surtees 1835) 307 Lxxx fudders of barke xx l. 1774-5 Act 14 Geo. Ill in Brand Newcastle (1789) I. 652 Four fother of clod lime, and fifteen fothers of good manure, on each acre. 1813 Misc. in Ann. Reg. 507/2, 20 fothers of addi¬ tional thickness in clay were thrown in. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss, s. v., A fother of muck, or of lime, &c. fig. a 1225 Ancr. R. 140 pu hauest imaked uoSer to heui uorte ueftren mide pe soule. b. transf. A mass; a quantity, ‘ lot ’. 13.. K. Alls. 1809 Darie .. makith thretyng ful a fothir. Ibid. 6467 Heore nether lippe is a foul fother. c 1450 Lone- lich Grail xiii. 490 Vnder hem bothe was there fair fothir. 1513 Douglas sEneis x. Prol. 159, I compt not of thir pagane Goddis ane futhir. 1515 Scot. Field 44 There they fell, at the first shotte Many a fell fothir. 1567 Satir. Poems Reform, vi. 52 King, Quene and Lord, they pass into ane fidder. c. Used for an enormous quantity, a ‘ cart-load ’ of gold or money. C1386 Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1050 Another, That coste largely of gold a fother. 14.. Partonope App. 3147 Ffor though a man wolde gyfe a fother Of golde he myght not sell, to another. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xxvi. 62 Out of thair throttis thay schot on vdder Hett moltin gold, me thocht a fudder. 1863 Robson Bards Tyne 287 Where the brass hez a’ cum frae nebody can tell. .But. .they mun have at least had a fother. 2 . spec. A definite weight of some specified sub¬ stance. a. Of lead: Now usually 19 \ cwt. 1375-6 [see Fotmal], 1463 Mann. <$- Househ. Exp. 154 My mastyre sent to my lorde a fodyr and di. off leede. 1541 Ld. Treas. Acc. Scotl. in Pitcairn Critn. Trials I. 310 For pe fraucht of thre fidder of leid. 1622 Malynes Anc. Law - Merch. 269 Foure of these Loads will make a Fother of Lead of twentie hundreth. 1747 Hooson Miner's Diet. J iv, In both the Peaks the Merchants deal and sell the Lead by Fodders. 1866 Rogers Agric. <$• Prices I. x. 168 The charrus contains nearly 19^ hundreds, that is, it corresponds to the fodder, or fother, of modern times. b. ellipt. in phr. to fall as a fother {of lead); hence, a crushing blow. 13.. Coer de L. 1732 On his head falleth the fother. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 641 Euery strok pat pou me rau3t fallep doun as a foper. c. Of coals: (see quot. 1851). 1607 Cowell Interpr ., Fother is a weight of twenty hun¬ dred which is a waine or cartload. 1765 Lond. Citron. 17 Dec. 582 Several fothers of coals this week have been found short of the standard measure. 1851 Greenwell Coal-trade Terms Northumb. <$• Durh. 26 Fother , a measure of coals, being one-third of a chaldron, of 17$ cwt.; a good single horse cart load. Fother (fp*$9i), v . Naut. Also 9 fodder, fprob. ad. Du. voederen (now voereii), or LG. fodern = Ger. pattern to line (used also Naut. as below); cf. further ON. fdtSra to line, f. OTeut. *fodro- sheath, etc. (mentioned under Fodder sb .: see also Fur, Forel).] 1 . trans . To cover (a sail) thickly with oakum, rope yarn, or other loose material fastened on it, with the view of getting some of it sucked into a leak, over which the sail is to be drawn. 1789 A. Duncan Mariner's Chron. (1805) IV. 36 The leak began.. to gain upon them, a second sail was fothered and got under the bottom. 1790 Ann. Reg. 263 Fothering it round with oakum, to fill up. 1811 Naval Chron. XXV. 4 The ..sail had been fothered, and drawn under the ship. 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle iii. (1859) 93 Get the boatswain to fother a sail then. 2 . To stop a leak by this method. 1800 Naval Chron. III. 473 By foddering, and those excellent pumps, we kept her above water. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 449 The different plans which .. had been adopted to stop a leak. .were. .1. To fother. Hence Pother (fodder) sb ., the material used for fothering. Pothering* vbl. sb., the action of the vb. Also attrib., as fothering-mat, - sail. 1800 Naval Chron. III. 473 We could get a sail with fodder over. 1815 Falconer's Diet. Marine (ed. Burney) s.v., A superior method of fothering is now practised. 1819 J. H. Vaux Mem. I. 226 Applying what is termed a fothering mat to her bows. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 451 A bunch of rope-yarns, .might enter some of the larger leaks, .through the medium of a fothering sail. Fother, obs. form of Fodder. t Fo’tion. Obs.— 1 [as if ad. L. *fotion-em , n. of action f. fovere to cherish.] A cherishing. 1656 in Blount Glossogr. 1668 Wilkins Real Char. 11. ix. § 2. 233 Action Vegetative 4. Fotion, cherishing, foster, foment, brood. 1721-92 in Bailey. t Fo’tive, a. Obsr 1 [f. L. fot- ppl. stem of fovere to cherish + -ive.] Cherishing, warming. a 1639 T. Carew Cerium Brit. iv. Wks. (1824) 168 If I not cherish them With..fotive heat, They know no vegetation. t Fo'tmal. Obs. See also Formell. [app. a use of OE.fotmail, foot measure (see Foot sb. and Meal) ; the L. pes seems to have been used in the same sense. The reason for the name is obscure.] A weight used for lead, app. about 70 lbs., the thirtieth part of a Fother or load. ? a 1300 Assisa de Ponderibus in St at. of the Realm I. 205 Item charrus plumbi constat ex xxx fotmals; Et quod- libet fotmal constat ex vj petris, ij libris minus; Et quelibet petra constat ex xij. libris. [The transl. printed with this passage (taken from ed. 1751) has formel instead of fotmal ; for the Lat. text which this version seems to represent, see Formell.] 1375-6 Abingdon Acc. (1892) 30 Et ad iactan- dumxvj vothres vj votmels [printed v otinels] plumbi in pon- dere, Cs. 13.. Meas. of Weight in Rel. Ant. I. 70 Sex waxpunde makiet .j. ledpound .xij. ledpunde .j. fotmel.. xxiij fotmel .j. fothir of Bristouwe. x866 Rogers Agric. Pi-ices I. x. 168 This [charrus] contained thirty fontinelli [ misread for fotmelli], fotmael, pedes, or pigs. Fott(e, obs. f. Fet, Food, Foot. || Fotus. Obs. [ E. fotus (-11 stem) noun of action from fovere to warm, cherish.] A fomentation. 1586 W. Bailey Preserv. Eye-siglit (1633) 21 If the eyes be over-dry, we humect them..with a fotus of Mallows., and Violets. 1714 Sped. No. 572 p 5 The Anodine Fotus. + Fou (fw), sb. Sc. Obs. [? subst. use of fou Full a.] A bushel. a 1700 Sir Patrick Spens viii. in Child Ballads 111. (1885) 25/2, I brought half a fou o good red goud Out oer the sea with me. 1786 Burns Auld Mare , Maggie 99 For my last fou, A heapit stimpart, I’ll reserve ane Laid by for you. Fou ( iii ]), a. Sc. Also 6-8 fow, 8 fu*. [var. of Full a., q.v. for other senses, in which this spelling is no longer commonly used.] Drunk. 1535 Lyndesay Satyre 139 Na he is wod drunkin I trow; Se 3e not that he is wod fow ? 1602 Shetland Law Rep. in Scotsman (1886) 29 Jan. 7/1 Magnus Crasmusson for being fow and drunken, etc. 1768 Ross Helenore iii. 113 Awa’, she says, fool man, ye’re growing fu\ 1785 Burns Death Dr. Hornbk. 14, I wasna fou, but just had plenty. 1820 Scott Monast. Introd. Epist., He is as fou as a piper by this time. 1858 Porteous Souter Johnny 13 The rogue gied monie a hearty smack When he was fou. Fou, var. of Faw, Obs., dial. f. Foul. + Fou'at. Sc. =Foose. 1822 Scott Nigel ii, There is hay made at the Cross, and a dainty crop of fouats in the Grassmarket. + Fouch., Obs. Forms: 4 fourche, 5 forche, 6 fowche, 7 fouch(e. AIsoFurch. fourche, a. OY. fourche, forche, lit. ‘fork’: cf. Forche.] 1 . ? The fork of the legs. C1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 1824 Wi}> fet in fourche [ v.r. fouche] ilk o^er tok [said of wrestlers]. 2 . The hind quarters of a deer ; also pi. 13.. Gaw. Sf Gr. Knt. 1357 pay .. henged fenne a[y]l>er bi ho3es of \>e fourchez. i486 Bk. St. A Ibans F iij b, And after the Ragge boon cuttis euen also The forchis. 1491 [see Furch]. c 1550 Wyl Bucke His Test. B 3 b, For to cut out kindely the fowche. Take of the buttockes. .let both the loynes sitte together .. and leue therin the kidneys. 1631 B rath wait Whimzies, Forrester 36 To present some .. gentleman in his masters name, with a side or a fouch. 1671 in 12 th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. vii. (1890) 382 Given to Mr. Bellingham’s man that brought a fouch of venison, 2 s. Hence Pouch v. trans., to divide a buck into four quarters (Halliwell). Fouch, obs. form of Vouch v. Foud (faud). dial. Also 6,9 fowd(e, 7 fold, 8 feud. [Adoption of the local Scand. form ON. fogeti CDa.foged, Sw .fogde) = Ger. vogt, ad. med.L. voedtus, pa. pple. of voedre to call.] In Orkney, Shetland, and the Faroe Isles, a bailiff, magistrate, or governor ; formerly the President of the Supreme Court in Orkney and Shetland. 1581 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1814) III. 255 Gevand—to the said lord robert Stewart and his .. schireffis and fowdis foir- saidis, full power [etc.]. 1602 Min. District Crt. Dnnrossnan in J. Mill’s Diary (1889) 178 Provin in the foldis buikis to have disobeyit to gang to my lordis wark in Scallowy. 1703 Brand Descr. Orkney , etc. 121 In this parish, .the Principal Feud or Judge of the Country used to sit and give Judgment. 1889 Goudie J. Mills Diary Introd. 38 Originally in Shet¬ land .. every .. parish had its court, presided over by the parish Foud. 1894 Scotsman jo Nov. 10/6 The Foude [in Faroe] is collector, or rather treasurer of all kinds of skat. Hence Pou drie [see-RY],the office ofa fond; also, the district over which his jurisdiction extended. 1581 Sc. Acts Jas. VI. (1814) III. 254 Our souerane lord .. grantis to the said lord robert Stewart .. the offices .. of schirefschip and fowdrie. 1592 Ibid. 619 Landis lyand w tb in the diocie of orknay w th in the fauderie of orknay and Zetland. 1693 J. Wallace Descr. Orkney 91 Foudrie, the Government of the Foud. Foude, var. form of Food v . Foudre, var. of Fouldre, Obs. Foudroyant (fwdroiant, Fr. fwdrwayan), a. [a. Fr. foudroyant, pr. pple. of foudroyer to strike with or as with lightning, f. foudre : see Fouldre.] 1 . a. Thundering, stunning, noisy, b. Flashing, dazzling. 1840 De Quincey Style Wks. 1859 XI. 210 When .. the ‘ foudroyant ’ style of the organist commenced the hailstone chorus, i860 O. W. Holmes Elsie V. xxi. 292 With Helen Darley as a foil .. she must be foudroyant. 2 . spec, in Pathol, of a disease : Beginning in a very sudden and severe form. Fouel, obs. form of Fowl. II + Fou'et. Obs. [ Fr.fouet whip.] A whip. 1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) II. 296 a/2 Thenne he delyuered to hym a fouet & his hogges to kepe. t Fouga'de. [a. Fr. fougade, ad. It. fuga/a .] = Fougasse ; also fig. 1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. 37 ’Twas not dumbe chance ; that to discover the Fougade or Powder Plot, con¬ trived a miscarriage in the letter. 1686 Lond. Gaz. No. 2163/1 The Enemy sprang five Mines or Fougades at the foot of the Breach. 1827 Southey Pcnins. War II. 126 The 489 FOUL FOUGASSE. explosion of two fougades .. scarcely appeared to impede their progress. Fougasse (fwga-s). [a. Yx. fougasse ,according to Hatz.-Darm. an alteration of Fougade.] ‘ A small mine from 6 to 12 feet under ground, charged either with powder or loaded shells * (Voyle). 1832 Southey Penins. War III. 414 Under the three angles of the glacis they placed fougasses. 1851 J. S. Mac¬ aulay Field Fort. 224 The point at which it is intended to fire the fougasse. Fouge : see Fog sb. 1 Fough, var. of Faugh int. Fought (f§t), ppl. a . [pa. pple. of Fight v.] In senses of the vb.; also with out . rare in attrib. use exc. with ad vs., as well fought. + Close fought (nonce-use): used in hand-to-hand fighting. 1550 J* Coke Eng. 4 Fr. Heralds § 125 He had in his dayes ben in .xxvi. fought battayles. 1615 Chapman Odyss. 11. 727 No touch away with him bore, .of close-fought sword. 1827 Southey Penins. War II. 562 The circumstances of that well-fought field. 1865 Swinburne A talanta 2059 The lord of fought fields Breaketh spearshaft from spear. 1895 Daily News 17 Apr. 7/2 A keenly fought out match. Foughten (fp't’n), ppl. a. [Archaic form of pa. pple. of Fight v. : see prec.] 1 . Fought en field: one in which there is or has been fighting; a battle-field. Obs. exc. poet . 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 424 Was taken prisoner .. in a pitched and foughten fielde. 1676 Hobbes Iliad 78 With all the horrour of a foughten field. 1819 Keats Otho 1. iii, A thousand foughten fields. 1870 Edgar Runnymede 53 You will doubtless live to see. .many foughten fields. 2 . Of persons: + a. That has fought (obs.). b. Sc. Forfoughten. 1631 Chapman Caesar 8f Pompey Plays 1873 III. 166 So many staid and dreadfull soldiers? .. long foughten? 1786 Burns Twa Dogs 173 Are we sae foughten an’ harrass’d. FoU'gllty, a. dial. Also 7 faughty, foughtie, 9 fouty. See also Footy. [app. repr. OE. *fuhlig (corresp. to Du. vochtig, Svv. ficktig, Da. fugtig, damp), f. fuht damp. The form faughty may be due to confusion with fauty , Faulty. At Sheffield the pronunciation is (foute or foute).] Musty. 1600 Surflet Countrie Farme vi. ii. 731 A mustie and foughtie taste in the wine. 1625 Markham Farew. Husb. (1625) 115 Neither will the Corne corrupt or grow faughty, as long as the wormewood remaines amongst it. 1888 Sheffield Gloss., Meat or broth which has lost its freshness . .or a pudding made of old suet, is fouty. IIFougue(f«g). Obs. Also7fogue. [a.Fr fougue, ad. It.foga] Fury, passion ; ardour, impetuosity. 1660 Dryden Astrsea Redux 203 Henceforth their fogue must spend at lesser rate, c 1665 Mrs. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1885) II. 55 The governor only laughed at his fogue. 1683 Temple Mem. Wks. 1731 I. 452 After some Fougue spent for about a Fortnight, .those Ambas¬ sadors began to grow soft and calm again. || Foujdar (fau*d,3dar). Also 7 fous-, 8 phous-, 9 fouge-, faoja-. [Pers.^lj^y, f. Arab. -.^9 fauj troop.] ‘ In India, an officer of the Moghul Government, who was invested with the charge of the police, and jurisdiction in criminal matters. Also, used in Bengal last century for a criminal judge ’ (Yule). 1683 Sir W. Hedges Diary 8 Nov. (Hakluyt Soc.) I. 136 The Fousdar received another Perwanna. 1702 in Wheeler Madras (1861) I. 405 Perwannas directed to all Foujdars. 1763 Orme Hist. Milit. Trans. Indostan I. v. 374 The Phousdar of Velore..made overtures, offering to acknowledge Mahomed ally. 1809 Ld. Valentia Voy. Sf Trav. India I. viii. 409 The Faojadar, being now in his capital, sent me an excellent dinner of fowls. 1828 Heber Joum. India I. xvi. 419 The ‘Foujdar' (Chatellain) of Suromunuggur. 1862 Beveridge Hist. India II. v. v. 369 The majority.. dismissed the fougedar. Hence || Fou jdary a. [Pers.], pertaining to a foujdar. 1862 Beveridge Hist. India II. v. vi. 413 Each zemindar.. was ‘ to exercise a fougedary jurisdiction ’. 1892 Wharton''s Law Lex., Foujdarry-court , a tribunal for administering criminal law. Indian. Foul (foul), ci., adv. and sb. Forms : 1 ful, 2-3 ful, (3 ? fu^el), 2-5 fule, (5 fulle), 4 foie, (feule), 4-7 foule, fowl(e, 4 south, voule, (5-6 foull, fow(eTF, 9 dial, feaw, fou, 3- foul. [OE .ful = OFris . f{ll(nisse) (Du. vuil), OHG. fill (MHG. vhl, Gzx.faul ), ON .full (Sw .ful, Da.fuul), Goth. fflls OTeut. *ftllo~, f. root *fu- (also in ON .fiienn rotten ,fcyja \—*faujan to cause to rot):—Aryan*/«- (in Skx.pfi to stink, Gv.ttvov, L.p/ls purulent matter, L. putere to stink, puter rotten).] A. adj. 1 . Grossly offensive to the senses, physically loathsome; primarily with reference to the odour or appearance indicative of putridity or corruption. a 800 Corpus Gloss. 1031 Holido, fule. 971 Blickl. Horn. 59 Se lichoma bonne on bone heardestan stenc.. hone fulostan bicS gecyrred. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 43 Ful stunch. c 1250 Gen. er fouler yueles. i486 Bk. St. Albans C v b, That is tokyn of the foule glet. 1529 S. Fish Supplic. Beggers (E. E. T. S.) 1 The foule, vnhappy sorte of lepres. 1542 Boorde Int rod. Knowl. ii. 127 As ‘the foule euyll', whyche is the fallyng syckenes, is at the ende of euery skottysh mans tale. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 567 The disease called the Foul evill. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, in. 711 On Winter Seas we fewer Storms behold, Than foul diseases that infect the Fold. 1744 Berkeley Sin’s § 63 Useful in gouts, drop¬ sies, and rheums, as well as in the foul disease. 1888 Gd. Words 353 The terrible disease [of bees] known as ‘ foul- brood’. 1896 Board of Agriculture Leaflet No. 32 Foul brood or Bee pest is the most terrible scourge of apiculture. It .. is caused by a rod-shaped micro-organism, called Bacillus alvei.. Hives in which foul brood exists give forth a sickly and unpleasant smell. c. Charged with offensive matter; 1 full of gross humours * (J.). Of a carcase : Tainted with disease. c 1400 Laiifranc s Cirurg. 93 pis is pe difference bitwene a cankre & a foul ulcus. 1606 Shaks. A. Y. L. 11. vii. 60, 1 will through and through Cleanse the foul bodie of th' in¬ fected world. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj., Stat. Robt. Ill, c. 4a 59 b, Fvle Swine, or Corrvpted Salmon, sould be not sauld. 1799 Med. Jrnl. II. 350 A comparative view of a foul ulcer, with one in a healing state. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. 11. iii. 11872) 32 Foul Product of still fouler corruption. II. Opposed to Clean a. II. (The implication of disgust etymologically belonging to the word was formerly often absent in these senses ; in present use association with sense 1 has commonly restored it, exc. in certain technical or idiomatic expressions.) 2 . Dirty, soiled; covered with or full of dirt. Of ground, a road : Miry, muddy. Now arch . or dial., exc. with mixture of sense 1 : Disgustingly dirty, filthy. c 1000 TElfric Gloss, in Wr.-Wiilcker 125 Stigmentum, ful maal on raegel. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 81 pes o#er. .luue'S his sunnen alse deS pet fette swin pet fule fen to li^en in. C1230 Halt Meid. 13 pa ilke sari wrecches pat i pat ilke fule wur#unge unvveddede walewiS. £1300 Havelok 555 In a poke, ful and blac, Sone he caste him on his bac. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 287 Torfes .. smellep wors pan wode, and makep fouler askes. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7214 pe way was foule, and wendyng hard, c 1483 Caxton Vocab. 16 Yf it [the vrinall] be foull. So rubbe it within. 1516 Will of R. Peke of Wakefield 4 June, To ament a fowll holle abowt the brige. 1535 Coverdale Zech. iii. 4 Take awaye y e foule clothes from him. 1655 H. Vaughan Silex Scint. 1. Stars (1858) 56 The night Is dark, and long; The Rode foul. 1700 S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 341 One of the Washers, came, .to fetch People’s foul Linnen. 1807 Med. Jrnl. XVII. 107 The sick .. dressed in their foulest clothes. 1889 Whitby Gaz. 25 Oct. 3/3 If the way be foul so as not to be passable. fig. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. iv. i. 139 Come, come, you talke greasily, your lips grow foule. 1715 De Foe Fam. Instruct. 1. iv. (1841) 86 If you hold of this Mind, we are like to have a foul house with you quickly. 3 . f Of handwriting: Blotted, illegible (obs.). Foul copy ; a first copy, defaced by corrections (now rare) ; so + foul books , etc. (Cf. Clean a. 3 c, Fair a. 8 c.) Foul pivof \ see quots. 1467 Poston Lett. No. 575 II. 307 By cause of the foule wrytyng and interlynyeng. 1628 Earle Microcosm. (Arb.) 85 Acquaintance is the first draught of a friend, whom we must lay downe oft thus, as the foule coppy. 1659 Burton's Diary (1828) IV. 470 The particulars in his hands were foul books and papers, out of which those he had returned were extracted. 1683 Moxon Mech. Exerc. II. 377 Foul Proof, when a Proof has many Faults markt in it. 1758 Jortin Erasm. I. 46 He sent a foul Copy, .to Ammonius, begging him to get it transcribed. 1888 Jacobi Printer's Voc., Foul proof—a. proof distinct from a clean proof. b. Foul bill of health : see Bill sb. 3 10. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s.v. Bill of Health. 4 . Charged with defiling or noxious matter; esp. said of air, water, etc. t Of a ship ; To make foul water (see quot. 1769). Cf. Clean a. 2. Foul air, water, exc. in technical uses as Naut. or Mining, are now used with a mixture of sense 1. x 535 Coverdale Jer. ii. 18 To drinke foule water. 1627 Capt. Smith Seaman'' s Grain, ix. 44 Fowle water is when she comes into shallow water where shee raise the sand or ose with her way. 1653-4 Whitelocke Jrnl. Swed. Emb. (1772) I. 132 [The ship] made fowle water by striking as she passed over the Riffe. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters I. 35 The Seine..is foul and turbid as the Avon. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789), Eau changee, foul water; or water whose colour is changed by approaching the shore, or otherwise. 1805 T. Lindley Voy. Brasil ti8o8) 48 Op¬ pressed with breathing the foul air. 1817 Coleridge Sibyl. Leaves (1862) 271 The unwholesome plain Sent up its foulest fogs. 1851 Greenwell Coal-trade Terms Nortlmmb. # Durh. 26 Foul, in an inflammable state, from fire-damp having accumulated. 1885 Manch. Exam. 5 June 5/2 Old workings charged with foul gas. 1891 E. Peacock N. Bren - don I. 2 Coal pits, .make the atmosphere foul with smoke, b. Dirty-coloured, discoloured. Also fig. rare. i6ox Shaks. All's Well 1. iii. 6 We. .make foule theclear- nesse of our deseruings. 1657 R- Ligon Barbadoes \ 1673) 12 Those teeth, which at a distance appear’d rarely white, are yellow and foul. 1717 tr. Frezier's Voy. S. Sea 183 Glass made with Saltpeter, .is green, foul, and ill wrought. 1799 G. Smith Laboratory 1 .136 Put into this youryellow- coloured or foul pearls. 5 . Of food: Coarse, gross, rank. Hence, applied to the eating of such food, or the eaters of it (in present use, with the stronger notion of feeding on unclean or putrid food). 17x3 Felton On Classicks 67 They are all for rank and foul Feeding. 1726 Shelvocke Voy. round World (1757) 256 Not one of us had an hour’s sickness, notwithstanding we fed on such foul diet as we did, without bread or salt. 1727 Arbuthnot John Bull Postscript ch. x, How the Esq : from a foul-feeder grew dainty. Mod. The vulture is a foul feeder. b. Of a horse: Sluggish from want of exercise, t Hence, torpid. [Cf. Ger .faul lazy.] 1580 Frampton Dial. Yron <$• Steele 133 For if they cast thejuyee uppon him, it maketh him fowle [Sp. lo entorpece]. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1757) II. 92 Any Horse that has too little Exercise, and is what we call foul, may puff and blow when moved quick up a Hill. 6. Clogged, choked, or encumbered with some¬ thing foreign. Cf. Clean a. 3 b. a. gen. ? Obs. c 1470 Henry Wallace 11. 377 Thoct it [the blaid] was foule, nobill it was of steyll. 1572 Huloet, Fowle corn, being full of weedis. 1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. I. Devon 31 The Head of it lies in a fowl, barren ground. 1793 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) V. 77 Ground that is either foul of weeds or grass. 1809 Med. Jrnl. XXL 75 Swamps, muddy banks, and foul shores. b. of a gun-barrel, or a chimney. 1674 S. Vincent Gallant's Acad. 17 The Body of it [a gun] is fowl, .by being too much heated. 1805 W. Saunders Min. Waters 32 The scourings of a foul gun barrel. 1846 Greener Sc. Gunnery 137 If the gun be allowed to get very foul. 1860-1 Flo. Nightingale Nursing 24 If your chimney is foul, sweep it. c. Naut. Foul bottom, coast, gt'ound (see quot. 1S67). Also, of a ship : Having the bottom over¬ grown with seaweed, shell-fish, etc. 1622 R. Hawkins Voy.S. .$><2(1847) 117 The norther part of the bay hath foule ground and rockes under water. 1683 Hacke Collect. Voy. 1. (1699) 23 Yet she out-sailed us, she being clean and we as foul as we could be. 1717 tr. Frezier's Voy. S. Sea 293 The Sea running high .. made us fear, because the Coast is foul. 1790 Beatson Nav. $ Mil. Mem. 405 The Monmouth now became very foul and leaky. 1808 Forsyth Beauties Scot l. V. 515 The navigation of the Sound of Ilay is dangerous, .from foul ground. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Foul Bottom .. the bottom of the sea if rocky, or unsafe from wrecks. Foul Coast, one beset with reefs and breakers. Foul Ground, synonymous with foul bottom. 1875 Bedford Sailor's Pocket-bk. v. (ed. 2) 157 The launch should be sent in the direction of the foulground. + d. Of plants : Infested with insect parasites. Cf. Filth 2 c.? Obs. 1811 Sporting Mag. XXXVII. 33 The peas fine, but foul [with plant-lice]. e. Path. Of the tongue: Coated with fur, furred. 1800 Med. Jrnl. IV. 422 We misunderstand one of the most common appearances .. I mean a foul tongue. 1849 Claridge Cold Water-cure 166 Foul tongue and pain at the pit of the stomach. 7 . Morally or spiritually polluted ; abominable, detestable, wicked. For Foul fiend , see Fiend. Foul thief-, the devil. Foul spirit = unclean spirit. Cf. Clean a. 4. a 1000 Crist 1482 (Gr.) pu paet sele-gescot. .purh firen- lustas fule synne unsyfre besmite. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 243 Euel ^epanc and fule lustes. C1205 Lay. 27634 His fule saule sseh in to helle. c 1275 Death 206 in O. E. Misc. 181 per ich schal imete mony o ful wiht. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 80 Kyng Wyllam. .bygan sone. .to febly .. Vor trauayl of e foul asa3t. a\$00 Cursor M. 7444 (Gott.) Goli, pat etin, In foul hordam was he getin. c 1320 Sir Tristr. 1007 pou lexst a foule lesing. c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. p 72 Ne a fouler thral may no man .. maken of his body than for to yeuen his body to synne. c 1420 Metr. Si. Kath. (Halliw.) 10 Helle hounde, thou fowle wyght. c 1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 681 The fule thefe .. He was aboute my wyf to spyle. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 129 b, Theyr suggestions & thoughtes be foule & unprofytable. 1526-34 Tindale Rev. xviii. 2 Babilon .. ys become..the holde of all fowle sprettes. 1610 Shaks. Temp. iv. i. 139, I had forgot that foule conspiracy Of the beast Calliban. 1679 Penn Addr. Prot. 11. v. (1692) 186 To be Led. in ways we see to be foul or wrong. 1719 Watts Ps. exxi. (L. M.) 25 On thee foul spirits have no power. 1781 Cowper Expostulation 213 Grace abused brings forth the foulest deeds, As richest soil the most luxuriant weeds. 1817 Coleridge Sibyl. Leaves (1862) 216 Beneath the foulest mother’s curse No child could ever thrive. 1838 Thirlwall Greece IV. 267 Aristophanes must stand convicted. .of the foulest motives. 1855 Macau¬ lay Hist. Eng. III. 60 A court foul with all the vices of the Restoration. ellipt. 1788 Picken Poems 81 O’ a’ the Nine, the foul a ane [ = devil a one] Inspiris like thee. +b. Guilty of a charge or accusation; criminally implicated. Obs. Cf. Clean a. 4 b. a 1300 [see Clean a. 4 b]. 1575 Churchyard Chippes (1817) 194, I must .. Prooue foule, or cleane, and by my peeres be tried, c 1575 Balfour Practicks (1754) 611 Efter the offendar be anis fund foul of the first offence. 1621 Elsing Debates Ho. Lo?‘ds (Camden) 36 Twedy is very fowle in this buissines. 8. Of speech, etc.: Filthy, obscene; also, dis¬ gustingly abusive. a 1000 Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 458 Obscaene, Jxere fulan. c 1450 Grosseteste's Househ. Slat, in Babees Bk. 330 That they be-haue them selfe honestly, with-out stryffe, fowle- spekyng, and noyse. 1477 Earl Rivers ^Caxton) Dictes 15 Beware that .. ther escape out of your mouth noo foule wordes. c 1530 H. Rhodes Bk. Nurture 107 in Babees Bk. 74 Foule speech deserues a double hate. 1590 Spenser F. Q. 1. v. 50 The bold Semiramis. .her fowle reproches spoke. 1603 Shaks. Meas.for M. v. i. 309 In foule mouth. .To call him villaine. 1757 Affect. Narr. Wager 32 He poured out a deal of foul Language. 1833 Ht. Martineau 3 Ages ii. 47 The .. gentlemen present had. .set the fiddlers, .to sing all the foul songs. 1834 Medwin Angler in Wales I. 145 If you don’t stop that foul mouth of yours. I’ll [etc.]. X852 Miss Yonge Cameos I. xii. 80 Keep..your foul tongue to yourself, 62 FOUL. FOUL. 9 . f a. Of persons : Ceremonially unclean. Of food : Defiling, not fit for use. Obs. c 1000 /Elfric Judg. xiii. 4 Ne naht fules ne pic^e! c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xi. 41 So foule men schuld nojt comme in to so haly place. b. In mod. use applied to fish at or immediately after spawning. Cf. Clean a. 5 b. + c. See quot., and cf. Clean a. 5 d ; also foul-cut in C. 6. 1811 Sporting Mag. XXXVIII. 212 A foul horse—not a complete gelding. 110 . Of language, diction : Incorrect, inelegant. Obs.— 1 Cf. Fair a. 4, Clean a. 7 a. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 8627 To my sawe blame may be leyde For foule englysshe. III. Opposed to Fair a. 11 . Of persons and material objects : Ugly. Now rare in literary use, but in many (midi, and north.) dialects the current sense. Cf. Fair a. 1 a. c 1386 Chaucer Wife's Prol. 265 And if that she be foul thou seist, that she Coveiteth every man that she may se. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xix. 54 Thenne tok ichhede, Whether the frut were faire other foul to loken on. 1413 Pilgr. Soiule (Caxton 1483) iv. ii. 58 These pepyns myght nought kyndely sprynge to a fayre appeltree but to fowle buskes and wylde. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour G vij, Soone after another [sone] they hadde whiche was fowle and lame. 1509 York Manual (Surtees) 27 For fayrer for fouler. 1533 Frith Another Bk. agst. Pastell (1829) 225 He hath made a foul hole in his kinsmans best coat. 1568 Tilney Disc. Mariage Evij, Daylie we maye see a foule deformed woman, that [etc.]. 1583 Hollyband Campo di Fior 15 Thou callest me fowle [Fr. I aide, It. brutta ] wenche. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 53 Hee was set upon a foule lean cam- mell. 1604 Shaks. Oth. n.i. 141. 1607 — Timon iv. iii. 28. 1616 W. Browne Brit. Past. 11. i. 10 None could be foule esteem’d compar’d with her. 1836 Emerson Nature , Beauty Wks. (Bohn) II. 145 There is no object so foul that intense light will not make beautiful. 1841 Trench Parables xii. (1877) 232 He loved her foul, that He might make her fair. b. Of a part of an animal: ? Ill-shaped. ? Obs. 1688 Loud. Gaz. No. 2336/8 Lost .. a middle-siz’d Fleet- Hound Bitch, very strong made..a foul stern. 1703 Ibid. 3881/4 Stolen .. a thick punching Horse .. a little white on one of his Heels, and a foul Head. [1765 : cf. 20 a.] + C. Unattractive, poor in quality. Obs. 1535 Coverdale i Sam. xv. 9 What was foule and no- thinge worth, that they damned. 1606 Shaks. Tr. <$• Cr. 1. iii. 359 Let vs (like Merchants) show our fowlist Wares, And thinke, perchance, they’l sell. j 4 d. Of the face : Disfigured by distress or tears. c 1400 Destr. Troy 8507 Thies fellyn hym to fete with a foule chere. 1611 Bible Job xvi. 16 My face is fowle with weeping. 12 . Of sounds: Ugly, disagreeable. Now dial. (Common in north midlands). Cf. Fair a. 2. c 1440 York Myst. xxxi. 320 O ! }e make a foule noyse for pe nonys. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 274 The Genowayes.. made another leape and a foule crie. 1606 Holland Sueton. 81 The Frogges. .chaunced to make a foule noyse. 13 . Disgraceful, ignominious, shameful. Cf. 7. a 1300 Cursor M. 7829 (Gott.) A fouler dede ban ani may driue. c 1400 Apol. Loll. 55 pe Son of God wold be con- dempnid to fowlist de}?. c 1420 Sir A madace (Camd.) ii, Thenne made I a fulle fowle ende ! 1529 More Comf. agst. Trib. iii. Wks. 1213/2 Thys vngracious secte of Mahomette, shall haue a fowle fall. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Northumberland xi, This fowle despite did cause vs to conspire. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. iii. ii. 197 Haue you conspir’d. .To baite me with this foule derision ? 1659 D. Pell hnpr. Sea 605 This is a foul blot in the Sailors Scutchion. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters II. 144, I should be glad, .to acquit the college, .of this foul charge. 1808 Scott Marm. vi. xv, A letter forged !..Did ever knight so foul a deed ! 14 . Sporting and Games. Contrary to rule or es¬ tablished custom, irregular, unfair; said also of the player. Foul ball (Baseball) : a ball struck so that it falls outside the lines drawn from the home base through the first and third bases. Cf. Fair a. 10. 1797 Sporting Mag. IX. 283 His antagonist having struck him two foul blows, a 1861 Mrs. Browning Last Poetns, Garibaldi i, Perhaps that was not a foul trick. 1882 Field 28 Jan. (Cassell), Thus, at billiards, if a player makes a foul stroke and scores, his adversary has the option of not en¬ forcing the penalty. 1892 J. Kent Ld. G. Bentinck ii. 48 Colonel Leigh, .accused Sam Chifney of foul riding. b. esp. in Foul play : unfair conduct in a game ; transf. unfair or treacherous dealing, often with the additional notion of roughness or violence : see 17. So also f foul player. Cf. fair-play , Fair a. 10 c. [Cf. C1440 in 17.] 1580 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 289 Foule gamesters, who hauing lost the maine. .thinke to face it out with a false oath. 1610 Shaks. Temp. 1. ii. 58 What fowle play had we, that we came from thence ? c 1672 Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 383 Supposing, .that Dr. Thomas Jones ..would act foul play in the election. 1674 tr. Scheffer*s Lapland 109 To strike the ball with their bandies over the others line (for it is foul play to fling it with their hands). Ibid., Any one that is found delinquent in this kind, is branded for a fowl plaier. 1737 M. Green Spleen {tj 38) 21 And when he can’t prevent foul-play, Enjoys the folly of the fray. 1814 Sporting Mag. XLIV. 241 After the fifteenth round ‘ Foul play ! ’ was loudly called. 1825 Lytton Zicci 5 There can be no foul play at the public tables. 1887 Rider Haggard Jess xxii, At any rate that does not look like foul P la y . c. f Of a retnrn: Fraudulent (obs.). Also, in foul loss: see quot. 1848. 1685 Luttrf.ll Brief Pel. (1857) I. 341 Foul returns [of elections] made in many places. 1848 Arnould Mar. Insur. (1866) II. iii. ix. 1004 If after a loss has been paid, the underwriter discovers that there was fraud, misrepre¬ sentation or concealment.. such payment is familiarly termed in insurance law a foul loss. 490 + d. Foul honesty : (? an oxymoron) false pre¬ tence of honesty. Obs. 1550 Hooper Serm. on Jonas iii. 40 b, Then washeth he hys handes with as much foule honestie as he can. 15 . Of the weather, etc.: Unfavourable; wet and stormy. Cf. Fair a. 12. c 1380 Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 101 Foule wedir and coold. a 1541 Wyatt in Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry (1840) III. xxxviii. 47 In foule wether at my booke to sit. 1595 Shaks. Jolm iv. ii. 108 So foule a skie cleres not without a storme. 1628 Digby Voy. Medit. (1868) 9 And att night wee had foule weather. 1661 Pepys Diary 19 Apr., It being so foule that I could not go to Whitehall. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. xiii, A very foul Night it was after it. 1776 Adam Smith W. N. i. x. (1869) I. 107 A mason..can work neither in hard frost nor in foul weather. 1865 Parkman Champlaiti iii. (1875) 228 For labor or amusement in foul weather. 16 . Of the wind: Contrary, unfavourable. 1726 G. Roberts 4 Years' Voy. 3 Untoward Weather, as well as a foul Wind. 1795 Nelson 22 May in Nicolas Disp. II. 39 Continued foul winds .. from the day of our sailing. 1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect II. 300 The packet could not sail in the teeth of a foul wind. 17 . Of a means or procedure, and of language : Harsh, rough, violent. Cf. Fair a. 15. c 1440 Gesta Rom. lx. 248 (Harl. MS.), Tristing in himselfe that the lion wolde have I-made a foule pleye withe )?e lorde & withe }?e lady. 1592 Shaks. Ven. «$• Ad. 573 Foul words and frowns must not repel a lover. 1608 Yorksh. Trag. 1. vii, A fouler strength than his O’erthrew me with his arms. 1639 T. Brugis tr. Camus' Moral Relat. 171 He would not have gathered by faire meanes or foule, that which he so im¬ patiently desired. 1659 D. Pell Impr. Sea 79 Some of you get foul checks. 1704 [see Fair a. 15]. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits , Aristocracy Wks. II. 85 War is a foul game. 18 . Naut ., opposed to clear : 1 Entangled, embar¬ rassed, or contrary to * (Adm. Smyth). Const, of J* on. To fall , run foul of: see the vbs. Foul berth , hawse : see quot. 1867. 1627 Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. xiii. 61 We are fowle on each other, and the ship is on fire. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. x. 303 She. .coming foul of the same shole. .was in great danger of being lost. 1743 Bulkeley & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 115 In weighing the Grapenel. .we found it foul among some Rocks. 1748 Anson's Voy. 1. i. 10 And we were in no small danger of driving foul of the Prince Frederick. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789), Tour de cable , a foul hawse ; a turn or elbow in the hawse. 1822 G. W. Manby Voy . Greenland (1823) 13 A small axe to cut away the line, in case of its getting foul when running out. 1829 Marryat F. Mildmay xxiii, Topsail-tie is foul. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef. Mast vii. 16 We [the ship] were continually swinging round, and had thus got a very foul hawse. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Foul Berth , when a ship anchors in the hawse of another she gives the latter a foul berth. Foul Hawse , when a vessel is riding with two anchors out, and the cables are crossed round each other outside the stem, by the swinging of the ship when moored in a tide-way. b. Foul anchor 4 , see quot. 1769. Also, the badge of the British Admiralty. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789), Foul Anchor : it is so called when it hooks some other anchor, wreck, or cable..or when..the ship, .straying round the bed of her anchor entangles her slack cable about the upper fluke of it. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef Mast xiii. 31 On one of his broad arms he had the crucifixion, and on the other the sign of the ‘ foul anchor \ 1882 Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 203 Put a foul-anchor strop round the crown. 19 . Of a charge of powder. 1799 G. Smith Laboratory I. 9 If the rocket rises a little, and falls back, the charge is foul. IV. 20 . Comb. a. parasynthetic, as foul-aired, -browed , faced , -minded (hence foulmindedness), -thighed, -tongued, -vizored. Also Foul-mouthed. 1883 Century Mag. XXVI. 213 The whole place unclean and *foul-aired. 1610 Healey St. Aug. Citie of‘God 765 The holy, .servants of the true God live in this *foule- browed world. 1602 2nd Pt. Return fr. Parnass. 1. i. (Arb.) 7 Then *foule faced Vice was in his swadling bands. 1849 Kingsley Poetry Sacr. 4- Leg. Art Misc. 1 .244 Every form of prudish and prurient *foulmindedness. 1765 Treat. Dom. Pigeons 95 Let it [another colour] fall here, or on any other part of the thigh, it is called *foul-thigh’d. 1549 Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Rom. iii. 8 *Foule tounged people. 1608 Machin Dumb Knight 1. i,*Foule vizard coynes. b. in attrib. (quasi-#*//.) uses of foul weather (sense 15); foul-weather-like adj. 1768 Wales in Phil. Trans. LX. 108 Over these they have a kind of foul-weather jacket. ^1793 Spirit Pub. Jrnls. (1799) I. 75, I don’t care a stale chaw of tobacco for the foul-weather looks of any fair-weather Jack in the three kingdoms. 1837 Marryat Dog-fiend xii, He remained in his . .foul-weather hat. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 275 The sky began to look foul-weather-like. B. sb. [The adj. used ah sol. or elliptic ally,"] 1 . That which is foul (in senses of the adj.); some¬ thing foul. For foul nor fair : on no account, by no means. For foul befall see note on FairjA 2 i. *1900 Halsuncge in Sweet O. E. Texts 176 Dis mon.. seal reda ofer 3 a feta 3 e ful infalleS. a 1000 Elcne 769 paes he in ernfSum sceal ealra fula ful fah prowian. c *386 Chaucer Man of Law's T. 525 But what she was, she wold no man seye For foul ne fair. £1400 Sowdone Bab. 199 And foule shal hem this day bifalle. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Troy 1. v, All the foule shall couertly be wryed. ci 470 Henry Wallace 1. 430 Foule mot yow fall. 1477 Norton Ord. Alch. iv. in Ashm. (1652) 47 Foule and cleane by naturall la we Hath greate discord. 1594 J. Dickenson Arisbas (1878) 54 Foule fall the wagge that lost so rare a iewell. 1768 Sterne Sent. Journ . (1778) II. 7 Foul befal the man who ever lays a snare in its way ! Proz>. a 1661 Fuller Worthies , Cheshire 1. (1662) 177 Frost and Fraud both end in Foul. 2 . A disease in the feet of cattle and sheep. Also, a disease in dogs (see quot. 1854). Cf. File sb.- 6 b. 1523 F itzherb. Husb. § 63 There be bestes, that wyll haue the foule and that is betwene the cleese, sometyme before, and some tyme behynde, and it wyll swell, and cause hym to halt. 1614 Markham Cheap Husb. 11. xxiii. (1668)79 Troubled with that disease which is called the Foule. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1756) I. 315 What the Cow-Leeches term the Foul in a Cow’s Foot. 1810 Ann. Reg. 629, I have had them disordered in the feet with the fouls, but not the foot- rot. 1854 E. Mayhevv Dogs (1861) 114 Foul is not one disease, but an accumulation of disorders, brought on by the absence of exercise, with a stimulating diet. 3 . (In sense partly derived from Foul vl) A collision or entanglement, esp. in riding, rowing, running, etc.; an irregular stroke, piece of play, etc. To claim a foul: to claim a favourable award because of unfair action on the part of an opponent. In Baseball : A foul hit: see A. 14. 1754 Diet. Arts 4- Sc. II. 1311 Foul imports, also, the running of one ship against another. 1864 Home News 19 Dec. 21/2 Coombes. .boring his opponent too closely to the shore, a foul occurred. 1867 F. Francis A?igling v. (1880) 150 The drop will fall over the stretcher, and a foul will be the consequence. 1873 Bennett Billiards 480 The player who made the foul must follow suit. 189 . Billiard Rules xix, A player may claim a foul if he sees his opponent touch a ball..(except with his cue, when making a stroke). C. adv. [In early ME. fide, foule, (. the adj. with advb. ending -e; after 14th c. not distinguished in form from the adj.] 11 . In a manner offensive to the sense of smell. c 1200 Ormin 1201 Gat iss..Gal deor, and stinnke[>(> fule. c 1275 XI Pains of Hell 123 in O. E. Misc. 150 pe stude .. stinke}? fulre pane )?e hund. a 1300 Cursor M. 18147 pou hell, sua fule stinkand thing, c 1340 Ibid. 6353 (Trin.) pe wattres pat so foule stank. 1563 W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 67 b, Lead also, which maketh it to bee in colour so black and so fowle to corrupt. t 2 . In an ugly manner. To fare foul : To be¬ have in an unseemly way, * go on ’ outrageously. ? a 1366 Chaucer Rotn. Rose 155 Y frounced foule was hir visage, a 1400-50 Alexander 4082 Wemen. .pat frely faire ware of face bot foule ware clethid. c 1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 484 Scho. .To-rente hyre clothes and foule ferde. c 1450 Merlin 116 Foule were thei skorched with the fier. j* 3 . Disgracefully, shamefully. Obs. To call ( a person) foul : to call by a bad name. Obs. c 1275 Doomsday 48 in O. E. Misc. 164 So fule he [pe ewed] vs blende, c 1325 Poem temp. Edzv. II (Percy) lxi, He shal be foul afrounted. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. iii. 179 And pou hast famed me foule bifore the kyng heer. 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. 1307 Dido , Ye wil nat fro your wyf thus foule fleen? C1386 — Pars. T. P741 He leseth foule his good pat ne seketh with the yifte of his good no thyng but synne. c 1430 How Wise Man tau$t his Son 100 in Babecs Bk. 51 To calle hir foule it is pi schame. a 1450 Knt. dela Tour 12 [In confession] ye shulde telle the synne as foule as ye do it, and in the same manere. c 1450 Merlin 12 Hir bewte was foule spente, seth it was loste in soche manere. 1594 Shaks, Rich. Ill , iii. ii. 44 lie haue this Crown of mine cut from my shoulders, Before lie see the Crowne so foule mis-plac’d. 4 . + a. Badly, ill, grievously. Obs. a 1225 Ancr. R. 108 Heo is a grucchild, & ful itowen. c 1340 Cursor M. 1639 (Trin.) pe erpe wip synne is foul shent. ? 1366 Chaucer Rom. Rose 1061 They, .foule abate the folkes prys. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. x. 472 Selden falle thei so foule..As clerkes of holikirke. *1400 Rom. Rose 2655 Than shalt thou goon, ful foule aferd. 1426 W. Paston in P. Lett. No. 7 I. 26, I am foule and noysyngly vexed with hem. c 1460 Tozvneley Myst. (Surtees) 114 Ille spon weft, I wys, ay commys foulle owte. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. v. 23 Two of three her nephews are so fowle forlorne. b. Not in the correct or regular manner. 1683 Lond. Gaz. No. 1840/4 [He] trots and gallops foul. 1686 Ibid. No. 2136/4 Stolen or stray’d, .a red roan Gelding ..trots foul..cuts behind. 1715 Ibid. No. 5331/4 Carries his Tail foul. 1884 Western Daily Press 16 Apr. 7/2 A well-known, .amateur, .in spurring his first bird fastened the spur on ‘ foul ’, the result being that the first blow it made cut its own throat. 5 . Unfairly; contrary to the rules of the game. Also fig. in To play {a person) foul : to deal treacherously with. 1707 Reflex, tipon Ridictile 261 You are fond of Gaming and you Play foul. 1755 Young Centaur 105 He that plays foul the most dexterously is sure to be undone. 1799 Nelson 17 Oct. in Nicolas Disp. IV. 60 Our Allies have.. played us foul. 6. Comb., as foul feeding, -reeking , - smelling, •spoken adjs.; also foul-biting sb. (see quot.); foul- cut #., imperfectly gelded (cf. Foul a. 9 c). 1822 Imison Sc. <§• Art II. 429 Otherwise you will have parts bit that were not intended, which is called *foul-biting. 1811 Sporting Mag. XXXVIII. 213 It was a *foul-cut horse. 1634 Bp. Hall Serm. Rom. xii. 2. Wks. II. 301 There is an appetitus caninus, that, .falls upon unmeet and *foule-feeding morsels. 1684 Otway Atheist 1. i, The dirty Dugs of a foul-feeding Witch. 1593 Shaks. Lucr. 799 O night, thou furnace of *foul-reeking smoke. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 55 In the case of any *foul- smelling or suspected water. 1588 Shaks. Tit. A. 11. i. 58 *Foule spoken Coward That thundrest with thy tongue. 1848 Hare Guesses Ser. 11. (1873) 5 2 7 They who are too fair- spoken before you, are likely to be foulspoken behind you. Foul (foul), vf [In form repr. OE. fulian intr. = ffilon (MHG. vtilen , mod .G.faulen). In the trans. use, which begins in the 14th c., it may be regarded as a new formation; cf. File v.' z , to which the early ME .fulen trans. belongs.] FOUL. 491 FOULNESS. 1 . intr. To be foul, become foul. c 893 K. Alfred Oros. 1. i. (Sweet 21) Daer licxaft pa deadan men swa lange and ne fuliaft. c 1000 Ags. Ps. (Th.)xxxvii[i). 5 Mine wunda rotedan and fuledon. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 37 Sume men ladeS here lif on etinge and on drinkinge alse swin, he uulie' 5 . 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. B. 269 So ferly fowled her flesch pat pe fende loked, How [etc.]. 1691 T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. 41 So apt to foul, or difficult to clean as Wood. 1858 Greener Gunnery 400 Prince’s breech¬ loader. .fouls in the proportion of at least 3 to 1 more. 2 . trails. To render (materially) foul, filthy, or dirty ; to destroy the cleanness or purity of; = De¬ file v .! 2, File v .' 1 i. c 1420 Chron. Vilod. 937 Lest p fc holy plase w l pat blod y folud shuld be. c 1440 Capgrave Life St. Kctth. v. 1594 It is neyther wurshipful ne honest On-to mankeende to foule soo his nest, c 1450 Bk. Curtasye no in Babees Bk. 302 To foule he borde clothe with pi knyfe. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 177 He hath a precyous. .garment, wyll be loth to. .foule it. 1611 Bible Ezek. xxxiv. 19 They drinke that which yee haue fouled with your feete. 1683 Tryon IVay to Health 303 A close heavy substance .. that fouls and makes the blood thick and gross. 1705 Oliver in Phil. Trans . XXV. 2181 ’Tis farther observable, he never foul’d his Bed. a 1745 Swift Wks. (1841) II. 355 The waiting maid. .fouls a smock more in one hour, than the kitchen maid does in a week. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters II. 141 It fouls itself with a pale oenrous sediment. 1865 Kingsley Hereto. II . xxii. 368 Any more than the wolf would forgive the lamb for fouling the water below him. 1883 Manch. Exa?n. 20 Nov. 5/5 Manchester gas is fouled by sulphur compounds, b. absol. To cause filth or dirt, to drop ordure. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour G v, It fortuned that the swalowe dyd fowle within the eyen of Thobye. 1814 J. Gilchrist Reason 56 Thus they croaked, and crawled, and spawned, and fouled. 3 . fig. and in iihmaterial sense. To defile or pol¬ lute (with guilt) ; to dishonour, disgrace. a 1300 Cursor M. 10637 (Gott.) To saule pat fowlid was in sinne. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. vn. 137 Leste he Fend and heore flesch fouleden heore soules. c 1380 Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 264 Many penken pei [he freres] ben heretikes and foulen men pat maynteynen hem. c 1440 Jacob's Well (E. E. T. S.) 297 For venyall synnes pat fouly th vs yche day. 1581 Savile Tacitus' Hist. 1. xlii. 41 Fouling his in¬ famous life with a slow and dishonest departing. 1612 T. Tay¬ lor Comm. Titus ii. 14 He careth not to be filthy still.. and to fowle. .allthat come in his companie. 1748 Chesterf. Lett. (1792) II. cxxxLx. 372 Your Commensaux, who .. foul themselves with, .scoundrel gamesters. 1791 Burke App. Whigs Wks. VI. 15 With hands not fouled with confisca¬ tion. 1862 Goulburn Pers. Relig. hi. x. (1873) 241 Whose imaginations have been fouled of eyil. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. I. 11. 621 No weariness of good shall foul thy name. + b. To throw discredit on. 06 s. c 1440 Gesta Rom. xvii. 62 (Add. MS.) The new lawe that' he made, and fowled \v. r. fylid] not the other. + C. To violate the chastity of, debauch. Obs — 1 1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. 1. iii. Wks. 1878 II. 33 Sweare me to foule my sister ! 4 . To make ugly (see Foul a. 11); to deface, disfigure, spoil the look of. a 1340 Ham pole Psalter iv. 7 Swa to foule pis ymage [of God] p fc it kan noght knaw til whas lycnynge it is made. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xix. 309 Kammokes and wedes Fouleth he fruite in he felde here hei growe togyderes. a 1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 23 So was the wiff fouled and maymed alle her lyflf. 1557 Tottels Misc. (Arb.) 158 He . .fowlth with haile the winters face. 1884 Browning Fer- ishtah (1885) 25 The cloud, which fouled so late Thy face. 5 . Chiefly Naut. Cf. Foul a. 18. a. To cause (an anchor, a cable) to become entangled. Also, To jam or block, render immovable or incapable of work¬ ing ; to make (a sea bottom) * foul’ or obstructed. 1726 G. Roberts Four Years Voy. 401 'Tis generally said, That the West-of-England-men fouled this Bay, by heav¬ ing their Stone Ballast over-board in it. 1827 Hood Sailors Apol. ii, ’Twas all along of Poll, as I may say, That fouled my cable, when I ought to slip. 1835 Marryat Pirate viii, See that she does not foul her anchor. 1885 Manch. Exam. 17 Jan. 5/4 The Manchester express..ran into a mineral train by which the line was fouled. 1892 Law Times Rep. LXV. 590/1 A ship.. fouled her propeller. 1895 Daily News 9 Sept. 3/3 Station him at the east, .section of the Circus to prevent the traffic from east to west * foul¬ ing * the crossing. jig. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. xiv, His luck’s got fouled under the keels of the barges. b. intr. To get foul; to become entangled. 1857 P* Colquhoun Comp. Oarsman's Guide 32 To foul, or get foul, is to get entangled, i860 C. Harrold in Merc. Marine blag. VII. 173 The chain fouled on the windlass. 1867 F. Francis Anglingv. (1880) 166 He will be perpetually fouling in the branches. c. trails. To run foul of, collide with. 1859 Guardian 2 Mar. 195 In attempting to make the harbour [she], .fouled the pier. 1861 Hughes TomBro’wn at Oxf. ii. (1889) 16 He managed..to get into Iffley lock on the way up without fouling the gates. 1868 Kinglake Crimeai 1877) IV.xiii. 389 Her jib-boom fouled the jib-boom of the Agamemnon. 1875 W. S. Hayward Love agst. World 125 Keep to the left, or you’ll foul me. 6. a. Sporting and Games . Cf. Foul a. 14. To handle or strike an opponent in a ‘foul’ manner, b. Baseball . To hit a foul ball. To foul out : to be caught ‘ out * from a foul ball. Hence rouling* ppl. a. Also Pouler, one that fouls or makes dirty. a 1050 Liber Scintill. ix. (1889) 45 Fuli^endum limum. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Praise cleane Linen 13 Wks. 11. 166 Prayers for the cleane amendment of all foulers of Linnen. 1896 Daily Chron. 23 Mar. 3/2 Ridding our soot- charged passages of the fouling stuff. + Foul, fowle, ^. 2 Obs. [a. Y. fouler to tread, trample, press. Cf. Full v. f Foil vf] trails. To trample, tread, tread down. a 1400-50 Alexander 4681 And be par gold in oure gate.. We do bot foulis it with oure fete. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 24 b/2 The presse I have torned and fowled all allone. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon cxl. 524 The countre is sore fowllyd and opressyd. 1643 Prynne Popish R. Fav. 46 He caused the Image of the Crosse to be redressed, and that men should not foule it under their feete. tFoulage. Obs. rare - 1 . [f. Foul v . 1 + -age.] Defilement, dirt. In quot.yfg". a 1603 T. Cartwright Confut. Rhein. N T. (1618) 457 Made fruitfull by the sweet shower of the grace and mercy of God, and not by the filthy foulage and dung of mans merit. Ibid. Pref. p. xxx, Fowlage [ printed fowtage]. Foulard (f«lar, fwlaud). [a. Yr. foulard.] 1 . A thin flexible material of silk, or of silk mixed with cotton. 1864 E. Sargent Peculiar II. 137 Laura was attired in a light checked foulard silk. 1885 Yng. Ladies' Jrnl. 1 July 42/1 The new cambrics, .very much resemble foulards. 2 . A handkerchief of this material. 1879 Boddam-Whetham Roraima 60 Stores filled with gay-coloured foulards. 1888 19 th Cent. Apr. 514 A foulard has become a common attire with the St. Petersburg house¬ maids. Fould, obs. form of Fold. Fouldage, obs. form of Foldage. t FouTdenhead. Obs. Also 8 foudenbed. [f .foulden, var. of Folden ppl. a. + Head.] 1747 Hooson Miners Diet., Foudenhed , a small Pick, and the least of all the Tools that belong to a Miner .. so thin and slender, that it will not abide to have an Eye struck in it. .but is made by laping over in form of a Noose, with¬ out any Head at all. Ibid. O iv b, Foulden-Head. + FouTder, V - 1 obs. [ad. OF. fouldrer , f. fouldre: see Fouldre.] trans. To flash or thunder forth ; to send forth as a thundercloud or a gun. Also absol. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Mortimers iv, Which forced enuy foul- der out the rust That in mens hearts before did lie and smother. 1594 W. Percy Caelia x, From the leads of that proud Citadell Do foulder forth two fierie Culuerines. Hence Fou/ldering ppl. a. 1590 Spenser F. Q. ii. ii. 20 Loud thunder. .Did rend the rattling skyes with flames of fouldring heat. + FouTder, v . 2 Obs.~ 1 [?f. Foul a., after the analogy of Moulder.] intr. To crumble. 1610 Holland Camden's Brit. 251 When the leaues were touched they fouldred to dust. + Fouldre. Obs. Also 4-5 foudre. [a. OF. fouldre (Fr. foudre') vulg. Lat. *fulger-em (L. fulgur neut.).] Lightning; a thunderbolt. c 1384 Chaucer H. Fame 11. 27 That thing that men calle foudre That smoot somtyme a tour to powdre. c 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 3413 His face like foudre shynyng. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour F iij, Sodome and Gomorre .. were, .brente. .by fyre of sulphur and of fouldre. Foule, obs. form of Foal. II Foule (fule). [Fr. fould pressed (cloth), pa. pple. of fouler Full v., Foulz/. 2 ] A light woollen dress material with a glossy surface. 1894 Daily News 18 Sept. 6/4 A. .dainty little dress .. in biscuit-coloured foule. Fouled (fauld), ppl. a. [f. P'oul vA + -ed L] In various senses of the vb. Fouled anchor : = * foul anchor ’ (see Foul a. 18 b). 1388 Wyclif Lev. vii. 20 A pollutid [v.r, foulid] soule. 1552 Huloet, Fowled, maculatus. 1704 Deriiam in Phil. Trans. XXV. 1786 Some of the fouled Oyl of the Pump spirtled on the Wheels. 1885 Pall Mall G. 6 May 11/1 The fouled water from inside the house. 1889 Daily Nevus 6 Aug. 6/1 The red flag, with a fouled anchor em¬ blazoned thereon. tFou’lhead. Obs. [f. Foul a. + -head.] Foulness. a 1300 Cursor M. 1160 (Gott.) Felauschip and broperhede Ne miht pe drau fra foulhede. c 1330 A mis <$* A mil. 2395 All his foulehed away was go. 1340 Ayenb. 257 And zuo penche his uoulhede and his ziknesse. Fouling (fau lig), vbl. sb. [f. Foul vO + -ing k] 1 . The action of the vb. Foul in various senses. c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Whs. III. 514 pe gospel owep to be kept, wipouten ony foulinge, of alle Cristene men. 1552 Huloet, Foulinge or defilynge, vitiatio. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Salissure, fouling. 1691 T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. 80 As to its fouling, it fouls nothing near so soon as a Wood-sheathing. 1865 Sat. Revt. 11 Mar. 293 The fouling of two boats in a solemn funeral procession. attrib. 1893 R. Kipling Many Invent. 248 The rifle .. uncleaned, with the fouling marks about breech and muzzle. 2 . concr. A foul deposit, filth. Also, f a foul person, a wretch. 1382 Wyclif Ezek. xxiv. 11 That, .the foulinge therof be wellid togidre in the mydil therof. c 1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 306 Spek, I say, thou foulyng. 1882 J. H. Walsh Modern Sportsm. I. 382 The chamber where the fouling collects. 1891 Daily News 23 Oct. 5/8 A rousing flood, .will effectually cleanse out this fouling. FouTish, a. [See -ish.] Somewhat foul. 1753 N. Torriano Gangr. Sore Throat 76 Her Tongue was foulish. Foully (fairl|li), adv. [f. Foul a. + -ly 2 ; in OE. full iced] In a foul manner. 1 . Fetidly, noisomely, filthily, disgustingly. a 1300 Cursor M. 6353 pe water was al suete alson, pe water pat sua fuli stanc. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xxi. 96 It es better pai be eten with fewles .. pan foully to be eten in pe erthe with wormes. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 77 Though she were sweete, nowe fowly doth she stinke. 1642 Quarles Feast for W. ix. ix. 36 Their service is unsweet and foully taint. fig. 1697 Potter Antiq. Greece in. iv. (1715) 48 There is scarce any Passage, .which does not.. foully disgust their curious. .Palates. 2. Hideously; with gross disfigurement. C1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. iii. 8 Fowlyly hym demenbryd pai. C1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7809 It was sa fouly sa defuyled. 1566 Drant Horace's Sat. 1 iii, We calle him goose, and disarde doulte, and fowlye fatted nowle. 1577-87 Holinshed Chron. III. 1035/1 Houses .. burned, and fowlie defaced with fire. 1592 Wyrley Armorie, Ld. C/tandos 65 Fairest truth I fouliest masked. 1632 Sander¬ son 12 Serm. 466 Foulely defaced with Sinne. 1728 Swift Answer 261 Your numerous virtues foully stain’d. 3. Abominably, disgracefully, shamefully; with revolting wickedness, cruelty, or treachery. c 1230 Hall Meid. 11 Meidenhad is te blosme pat beo ha eanes fulliche forcoruen, ne spruteS ha neauer eft. c 1340 Cursor M. 16461 (Trin.j Iudas. .bihelde & se^e how foulely pei wip him dalt. c 1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 127 So betyn, so woundyd, Eritretyd so fuly. 1577-87 Holinshed Chron. III. 1233/2 His goods by the commons fowlie despoiled. 1583 Stanyhurst YEneis iii. (Arb.) 72 Al trust fowlye breaking. 1605 Camden Rem. 212 Forsooth, yee doe fowly to smite a King annoynted. 1666 Bunyan Grace Abound. IP 159, I had not. .transgressed so foully as he. 1714 Gay What dye^ call it l 11. iii, Filbert still is true; I foully wrong’d him. 1859 Tennyson Enid 459 From mine own earldom foully ousted me. 1880 Miss Braddon Just as I am iii, He was foully murdered one October evening, b. Impurely, obscenely. a 1050 Liber Scintill. xxviii. (1889) 106 Wei oft so 51 ice gyfernyss & genihtsumnyss wines fullice [ turpiter ] on gal- nysse tolaett. 1603 Shaks. Meas. for M. 11. ii. 174 Dost thou desire her fowly, for those things That make her good? 1864 Neale Seaton. Poems 265 Still Madlier the revel, foullier went the jest. 4. With gross contumely, insultingly. Now only with strong mixture of sense 3 , with reference to slander or coarse language. a 1340 Hampole Psalter xxi. 13, I am slane of thaiin as fouly as watere is helt. c 1340 Cursor M. 24085 (Fairf.) Fouli pai on him spitte. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xxi. 96 Thenne gan faith foully pe false I ewes to despisen. 1577 tr. Bullinger's Decades (1592) 129 The things wherein Gods name is fowly abused. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, 1. iii. 154 For whose death we.. Liue scandaliz’d, and fouly spoken of. a 1627 Hayward Edw. VI (1630) 96 The other two [letters] did fully and fowly set forth his obstinacie. 1639 Fuller Holy War iii. xxx. (1647) I ^3 The Pope hearing thereof, belibelled him more fouly than ever before. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 234 The gentlemen who had been so foully slandered. + 5. Badly, grievously. Obs . c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 42 Bot ever was Eilred fouly begiled. 1375 Barbour Bruce vi. 156 Quha vist euir men sa fouly fall As vs, gif that we thusgat leif ? 1539 Tonstall Serm. Palm Sund. (1823) 81 Surely they be fowelye deceyued. 1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 360 He erred fowly in the .. vnderstanding thereof. 1603 Knollf.s Hist. Turkes (1621) 1217 Hee fell sicke of the small poxe, wherewith hee. .was. .foulely tormented. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. 11. v. § 1 Pope Formosus was foully offended. [1881 R. Buchanan God and Man 11. vi, An innocent man foully taxed and troubled.] tPouTmouth, a . and sb. Obs. [f. Foul a. + Mouth.] A. adj. = Foul-mouthed. B. sb. A foul- mouthed person. a 1640 W. Fenner Christ's Alarm 11. (1657) 10 Hearing what this fowl-mouth [Goliath] said. 1693 Washington tr. Milton's Def. Pop. 390 Infamous foulmouth wretch. Foul-mouthed (fau-l|mau:'c$d), a. [f. Foul a. + Mouth + -ed 2 .] Of persons and their utterances ; Using obscene, profane, or scurrilous language. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, iii. iii. 122 Like a foule-mouth’d man as hee is. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. ix. vii. § 17 Those foule mouth’d papers like Blackmoors did all look alike. 1730 A. Gordon Maffei's Amphith. 95 One of those foul- mouth’d Poets. 1838 Macaulay Ess., Temple , Temple .. complained, very unjustly, of Bentley’s foul-mouthed rail¬ lery. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets iv. 101 This runaway soldier and foul-mouthed Ionian satirist [Archilochus]. Hence Pou lmou:thedness. 1834 Landor Exam. Shaks. Wks. 1846 II. 275 Thou hast aggravated thy offence .. by thy foul-mouthedness. 1884 Sat. Rev. 22 Nov. 645/2 The country .. has had a taste of Radical foulmouthedness. Foulness (fatrlnes). [f. Foul a. +-ness.] 1. A foul or dirty condition; dirtiness, impurity, pollution, uncleanness. Rarely pi. 1552 Huloet, Fowlenes or fylthines. sorditudo. 1582 N. T. (Rhem.) John xiii. Annot., The fovlnes of the fute.. signifieth the earthie affections. 1667 Pepys Diary { 1877) V. 429 My wife and I fell out a little about the foulness of the linen of the table. 1725 Bradley Fam. Diet. s.v. Fish , It is the P'oulness of the Ponds .. that stenches the Water. 1744 Berkeley Siris § 4 A medicine.. useful in. .foulnesses of the blood. 1809-10 Coleridge Friend (1865) 214 With such, .eagerness as to neglect the foulness of the road. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxi. (1856) 271 The. .foulness of air in the between-deck..cannot be amended. Jig. 1755 Young Coitaur iv. Wks. 1757 IV. 194 Few know the foulness of their own hearts. b. Of the weather: Storminess. Of a sea-bottom: Rockiness, roughness. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 1028 Such was the foule- nesse of the winter weather, a 1718 Penn Wks.( 1726) I. Life 64 Being, .wearied with the Foulness of the Ways and Weather. 1748 Anson's Voy. 11. i. 115 To secure them [the cables] from being rubbed by the foulness of the ground. 62-2 FOUMART. 492 FOUND. c. cotter. Foul matter; something that is or makes foul; a foul crust or deposit; filth; f a purulent affection (of the skin). Also pi. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. lii. (1495) 570 It., clensyth the eyen of fowlenes and fylthe. 1583 Hollyband Campo di Fior 25 Washe well the fowlenesse which is about the jointes of the fingers. 1648 Wilkins Math. Magick 11. xii. (1680) 246 The spots or foulness of other cloaths are washed out. 1740 Stack in Phil. Trans. XLI. 424 If a glass Globe filled with Water be rapidly turned on its Axis, one sees little Foulnesses. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 396 The dust and smoke of earth will continually throw a foul¬ ness upon our glass. 1782 W. Heberden Comm, xxiii. (1806) 122 Efficacious in cleansing the skin from many foul¬ nesses. 1889 R. B. Anderson tr. Rydberg's Teut. Myth. 214 The floors were made of serpents encased in foulness. Jig. a 1654 Selden Table-T. (Arb.) 18 They had a Foul¬ ness about them, viz. Original Sin, that could not be washed away but by Baptism, a 1716 South Serm. (1737) II. 199 The wickedness of a whole life, discharging all its filth and foulness into this one quality. 1790 G. Walker Serm. II. xxx. 331 What debasing shame must sink the wretched soul, when foulnesses without number shall be revealed. 2 . Moral impurity ; disgusting wickedness. c 1532 Dewes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 905 The foulenesse, la turpitude. 1578 T. N. tr. Conq. W. India 135 Grievous sinnes. .for the foulnesse whereof I name them not. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado iv. i. 155 Claudio .. lou’d her so, that speaking of her foulnesse, Wash'd it with teares. 1624 Bacon Ne7u Atlantis Wks. 1857 HI* 152 There is not .. a nation, .so free from all pollution or foulness. 1719 Young Busiris v. i, The foulness of thy guilt secures thee From my reproach. 1879 Farrar St. Paul (1883) 208 Those um¬ brageous groves were the dark haunts of every foulness. + 3 . Ugliness, hideousness, repulsiveness. Obs. 1382 Wyclif Bible , Pref. Ep. St. Jerome vii. (1850) I. 73, I wole not, that thou be offendid in holi scripturis .. thur3 foulness of words. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xii. xxxii. (1495) 432 The pecok arereth his fethers. .and thenne he. .seeth the fowlenesse of his fete. 1600 Shaks. A. V. L. hi. v. 66 Hees falne in loue with your foulnesse. 1697 Dry- den FEneid vii. 582 The Fury, .with new methods try’d The foulness of th’ infernal Form to hide. + 4 . Unfairness, dishonesty. Also, roughness, violence. Cf. Foul a. 14, 17. Obs. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cccxxi. 202 a, Outher with fayrnesse or foulnesse. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist . Scot. 11. 150 Be fairnes ather be foulnes. 1654 Hammond Fundamentals 99 Piety is opposed to. .all falsness or foul¬ ness of intentions. Foulsome, Foul ter, obs. of Fulsome, Faltee. Foulzie, var. of F ulyie, Sc. Foumart (fu’mait). Forms: 4 folmarde, 5 ful(e)merd(e, -mert, 5-6 -mard(e, 5-7 -mer(e, (5 -mare), 5 fullimart, 6 fullymart, 7 ful-, 7-8 fuli-, 7-9 foul(e)mart, 5-7 fow-, 7, 9 fu-, 8, 9 foomart, (6 foumerd, 7 fummer, 8 formet), 8- foumart. [ME. fulmard’.— OE. *ful mearS ( fill, Foul a. + mearfi marten).] 1 . The polecat (Putorius feetidus). 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 534 pe fox & pe folmarde to pe fryth wyndez. c 1450 Chester PI., Noah's Flood 170 (Pollard), Atter and foxe, fullimartes alsoe. i486 Bk. St. A /bans B vij b, That no fulmertis nor fecheus ne other ver- myn com nott in to hir. 1523 Fitzherb. Hush. § i46Tose that they be well kepte from, .fully martes & other vermin. <11592 H. Smith Serm. (1622) 102 Vsurers. .lurke about the City like Rats, and Wesels, and Fulmers. 1772 T. Simpson Vermin Killer 23 The Polecat, Fitchat, Fitchew, Formet. The same animal called by different names in different countries. 1815 Scott Guy M. xxii, ‘ Sicken a day as we had wi’ the foumarts and the tods.’ 1863 N. Macleod Remits. Highland Par. iii, Rats, fumarts, wild cats [etc.], b. Used as a term of contempt or opprobrium. 1508 Kennedie Flyting w. Dunbar 517 Fowmart, fasert, fostirit in filth and fen. a 1605 Montgomerie Flyting w. Polwart 69 False fecklesse fouhnart, loe heere a defyance 1 1633 B. Jonson Tale of Tub 1. iv, You stote ! Was ever such a fulmart for an huisher, To a great worshipful lady, as myself! 1892 J. Payn Mod. Dick Whittitigton I. 112 Fie and that foulmart, the parson, have just gone. 2. attrib., as foutnart-hunt, -skin ; foumart-dog, a dog used for hunting the foumart. 1612 Sc. Bk. Customs in Halyburton Ledger (1867) 329 Skins called .. Fowmart skins, c 1746 J. Collier (Tim Bobbin) Lane. Dial. Wks. (1862) 52 Mezzil fease. .gran like a Foomurt-Dog. 1855 Waugh Lane. Sketches, Heywood, etc. (1869) 182 Now and then a foomart-hunt takes place. Foun, obs. form of Fawn, Few. + Pounce, sb. Obs. Also founs. [AF. founz = OF. fonts, funz (mod.Fr. fonds ) popular L. *fundus neut. = class. L. fundus masc.] The bottom of anything. 13 -■ E. E. A Hit. P. A. 113 In he founce her stonden stonez stepe. a 1400-50 A lexander 4130 pai flee as fast in-to flode & to he founce plangid. e 1500 Melusine xxiv. 172 The founs of the valey. + Founce, v. Obs. [app. a. F .foncer, f. OY.fonz: see prec.] a. In passive : ? To have one’s atten¬ tion fixed upon. b. intr. To come down with force upon. 1430 Lydg. Chron. Troy v. xxxvi, By the power of this sorceresse I was so founced upon her fayrenesse ; That [etc.]. 1530 Palsgr. 557/2, I fovvnee (Lyd[gate]), I dent a thing. Jefonce. This terme is nat yet in comen use. 1565 Jewel Def. Apol. (1611) 645 Yet is his soule .. crushed with the beetle of the whole earth, that founceth downe vpon it. Found (faund), sb . 1 Sc. [f. Found vf] = Foundation ; see also quot. 1846. «8i8 Edin. Mag. Dec. 503 Our milkhouse .. micht hae stude to the last day; but its found had been onner- minit by the last Lanimas-spait. 1846 Buchanan Technol. Diet., Found, in architecture, the trench or excavation made to receive the foundation stones of a wall. Found (found), sbf- [f. Found v. 3 ] The pro¬ cess of founding (metal, materials for glass), f Of found (Sc.) = made of cast metal (cf. Font sb . 2 i). 1540 Sc. Act pas. V (1597) § 94 Ane Hagbutte of Founde, called Hagbute of Crochert. 1566 in T. Thompson Inv. R. Wardrobe (1815) 166 Foure new cannonis of found. 1818 Scott Hrt. Midi, xii, Guns, cross-bows, hagbuts of found. 18. . Glass-making 120 {Cent. Diet.) The success of the subsequent melting or found. Found, sb.Z A comb-maker’s tool (see quot.) 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 909 Founds a three-square, single-cut file or float, with one very acute angle. Found, obs. var. of Fount Found (found), ppl. a. Forms : see Find v. [pa. pple. of Find v.] 1 . Discovered, met with, ascertained, etc. (see the verb). Also, with adv. prefixed, as new found , + rare found. c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 347 But }if he took more charge upon him bi his newe foundun ordenaunce. c 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 231 Also the founden shepe broght home yt arst was lorne. 1553 Eden {title) A treatyse of the newe India, with other new founde landes and Ilandes. 1571 Digges Pa?itom. iv. prob. xxiv. Ee iij b, The square of the Dodecaedrons founde side. 1594 Blundevil Exerc. 1. (ed. 7) 96 Double the foresaid found Root 13. 1603-8 Knolles Hist. Turks{i6 38) 214 His great vertues, and rare found courtesie. 1720 De Foe Capt. Singleto?i y iii. (1840) 225 Our lost, but now found comrade, a 1823 May Collin in Child Ballads 1. (1882) 58/1 Who owns this dapple grey? 4 It is a found one she replied, 4 That I got on the way.’ + b. Said of children exposed or abandoned; found child {brat, etc.) = Foundling. Obs. *655 Valentine Orson 53 This Found-fellow I perceive growes in great favour with the King. Ibid. xii. 56 They call me Found-brat. 1662 Petty Taxes 4 The maintenance of orphans, found and exposed children. c. Found stones : stones obtained from the sur¬ face of the ground without quarrying. 1885 Black laws Quarry Price List, Ruble <$• Founds Found Stones, not above 7 in. thick per sup. foot 4 \d. 2 . Furnished with stores, supplies, or the like; of a ship, equipped ; only with defining word pre¬ fixed, as well found, single found (see quot. 1799). 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 94 A strong and very well found sloop. 1799 Naval Chron. I. 216 Her materials were what is called single found , i. e. she had only one anchor, one cable, etc. 1857 R* Tomes Amer. in Japan ii. 35 The strongest-moored and best found vessels. 1864 Burton Scot Abr. II. ii. 144 The garrison is large, and well found. t Found, v . 1 Obs. Forms: 1 fundian, 2-3 fundie(n, 3-5 fund(e, 4-6 found(e, 5 fownd(e ; also 3-5 fond(e. [OE . fundian — OS.fundon:— OTeut. type *funddjan , f. *fund- :— 0 Aryan *pnt- (whence Gr. tjcltos way), ablaut var. of * pent -: see Find v. Cf. OHG. funden {\—*fundjan) of the same meaning ; also the cognate Fand v.] 1 . intr. To set out, start, hasten; to go, depart, betake oneself; to travel, journey. (In its later use chiefly north.) Cf. Fand v. 8. a xooo Seafarer 47 Ac a hafa# longunge se pe on lagu funda#. c 1000 Allfric Saints' Lives xxvi. 224 And laidde for# mid him paer he fundode to. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 117 Do ure louerd ihesu crist fundede lichamliche fro eor#e to heuene. c 1250 Gen. fy Ex. 2958 Dis folc of londe funden ne mot. a 1300 Cursor M. 6034 (Gott.) pe folk to fond [Cott. fund, Fairf. founde] i sal giue leue. 1375 Barbour Bruce x. 256 [Bruce] syne our all the land can found, c 1440 York Myst. ix. 80, I am nou^t howne to fonde nowe ouer here ffellis. c 1470 Henry Wallace x. 32 Nane off that place had power for to found. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 435 With clarions cleir. .Quhomeof the sound did found attouir the fell. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. iii. 182 Spangs vp on a swofte horse, and founde away at speid. b. followed by inf. expressing the purpose. Beowulf {G r.) 1819 We fundia# Higelac secan. a 1000 Caedmons Gen. (Gr.) 2269 H wider fundast pu.. si#asdreo£an? a 1300 Cursor M. 5091 To fotte mi fader sal yee fund. c. To rush or dash forcibly into ; to strike out at (with a weapon). c 1420 Anturs of Arth. xii, He foundes into the freke with a fresche fare. Ibid, xlvii, Fast he foundes atte his face With a squrd kene. c 1435 Torr. Portugal 2469 But lordys of other lond, Every one to other ffond. 2 . To found to (an object): to strive or yearn towards, try to arrive at or reach; also, to take or betake oneself to (flight, war, etc.). a 1000 Crist 1671 (Gr.) Nu pu most feran pider hti funda- dest longe and ^elome. a 1000 GutJilac (Gr.) 1062 Sawul funda# of lic-fate to pam longan xefean. ^1250 Oiul <$• Night. 848 And techest horn that hi fundieth honne Up to the songe that evre i-lest. 1352 Minot Poems (Hall) 1. 12 When Edward founded first to were, c 1400 Destr. Troy 10276 pai foundyt to flight. 3 . Const, with inf \ (a development from 1 b) : To set about, set oneself, try, begin or prepare {to do something) ; to proceed or go on {to do.) c 1205 Lay. 17858 Vther. .fundede to uarene wi# Passent to fehten.. 12 .. Prayer to our Lady 7 in O. E. Misc. 192 Dai and nicht ich fundie to wendende heonne. c 1250 Gen. an ficchid on reson. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 1 b, Therfore on it I founde this poore treatvse. 1604 Shaks. Oth. 111. iv. 94 A man that all his time Hath founded his good fortunes on your love. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. II. v. § 5 The question which Moses supposeth, is founded upon clear and evident reason. 1711 Addison Sped, No. 162 P 6 The most humourous Character in Horace is founded upon this Unevenness of Temper. 1850 L. Hunt Autobiog. I. ii. 77 A play founded on a Barbadian story. 1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit . iii. 85 Greatness can never be founded upon frivolity and corruption. 1879 Lubbock Set. Led, ii. 42 A classification of insects founded on larva: would be quite different from that founded on the perfect insects. 1886 Law Rep, 31 Ch. Div. 626 The order appealed from was founded on the Chief Clerk’s certificate. Mod, This novel is believed to be founded on fact. b. const, in, 1667 Decay Chr. Piety xvii. 383 The opinion of some schoolmen, that dominion is founded in Grace. 1690 Locke Of Govmt. 1. ix. § 97 A right to the use of the creatures being founded originally in the right a man has to subsist. 1733 Pope Ess. Man in. 109 God, in the nature of each being, founds Its proper Bliss. 1832 Lewis Use <$• Ab. Pol. Terms iii. 21 A claim founded injustice and ex¬ pediency. 1837-9 Hallam Hist, Lit. I. viii. 1. § 23. 432 Remarks so delicate in taste and so founded in knowledge. t c. with obj. a person: To establish in a firm position (in controversy, etc.); to ground in (a subject of instruction, etc.) ; also rejl. to take one’s stand upon (a ground for argument, etc.). Obs, # c 1394 P. PI. Crede 47 It is but a faynt folk i-founded vp-on iapes. 1481 Caxton Myrr. 11. viii. 81 This knewe they by their grete. .vnderstandyng of astronomye in whiche they were endowed and founded. >483 — Gold. Leg. 162/2 He was ryght sore founded in humylyte. 1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. 1. § 43 They that found themselves on the radical balsome, or vital sulphur of the parts, determine not why Abel lived not so long as Adam. 1644 Milton Educ. Wks. (1847)98/2 Because our understanding cannot in this body found itself but on sensible things. 1676-7 Marvell | Corr. cclxxxiv. Wks. 1872-5 II. 516 If you find yourselves so firmly founded as we imagine you. d. Of a thing : To serve as, or furnish, a basis or ground for. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. 11. xxviii. § 19 The comparing them then in their Descent, .is enough to found my Notion of their having.. the Relation of Brothers. 1885 B. Coleridge in Law Times Rep. LII. 585/1 The relationship between the parties was..one of bailment, and therefore could not found criminal proceedings. 1894 Solicitors' Jml. XXXIX. 2/2 The further report, if it is to found jurisdiction for an order for public examination, must state that [etc.]. e. intr, (for rejl .: cf. 4 c). To base oneself or one’s opinion, to base itself, to be based (on, upon). Chiefly Sc. 1836-7 Sir W. Hamilton Metaph. vi. (1870) I. 99 The legitimacy of every synthesis is. .dependent on the legitimacy of the analysis which it presupposes, and on which it founds. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. III. 1. v, All Delineation.. must either found on Belief and provable Fact, or have no foundation at all. 1856 Dove Logic Chr. Faith v. ii. 311 All that course of argumentation which founds on the occurrences of the outward World. 1882 Ogilvie s. v., * I found upon the evidence of my senses ’. t 5 . To fasten or attach to. Also fig. Obs. 1541 R. Copland Guydons Quest. Chirurg ., The bone .. wherto the tongue is founded. 1641 Marmion Antiquary III. Dram. Wks. (1875) 240, I see you are growing obdurate in your crimes, Founded to vice, lost to all piety. Hence Foirnding vbl. sb. c 1400 Destr. Troy v. heading , Of the Foundyng of New Troye. 1571 Hanmer Chron. Irel. (1633) 41 Some twenty five yeeres before the founding of Armagh. 1682 Woo d Life 20 Mar., The vice-chancellor asked * whether they denied the founding of the lecture itself, or the conditions?’ 1697 Conf. at Lambeth in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Col. Ch. I. 40 Particularly, the word founding, which is always the Law Word for a perpetual fund of maintenance, is always put into these Revenues. 1859 Tennyson Vivien 409 When first the question rose About the founding of a Table Round. 1889 Athenaeum 9 Feb. 178/2 [He dies] a ‘ Poor Brother * in the hospital of his own founding. Found (found), v.^ Also 4, 8 fond. [ad. F. fond-re L. fundcre to pour, melt, Fuse.] + 1 . trans. To dissolve or mix together. Obs .— 1 ?£i39o Form of Cury in Warner Antiq. Culin. 18 Take wyne and hony and fond it togyder. 2 . To melt (metal) and run it into a mould; to form (an article) by running molten metal into a mould; to cast. 1562 Whitehorne tr. Macchiavclli s Arte of IVarre (1573) II. 44 a, The Pottes .. may also serue to found metalles in. 1601 Holland Pliny xxxiv. ii. 487 Famous for metall- founding, and casting of images. 1667 Milton P. L. i. 703 A second multitude With wondrous Art founded the massie Ore. Ibid. vi. 518 Veins, .of mineral. .Whereof to found.. their balls Of missive ruin. 1672 Marvell Re/t. Transp. 1. 6 Lead, when moulded into Bullets, is not so mortal as when founded into Letters ! 1796 Morse A mer. Geog. II. 93 A bell at Moscow, founded in Czar Boris’s time. b. To melt or fuse (the materials for making glass); to make (glass) by melting the materials in a furnace. 1782 [see vbl. sb. below]. 1853 Ure Did. Arts I. 907 A Bohemian furnace in which.. window glass is founded. Ibid. 914 The fourth is called the arch of the materials , because it serves for drying them before they are founded. c. Jig. (? A pun : cf. Found v .' 1 3 b.) 1624 Fletcher Rule a Wife iv. ii, A fellow founded out of charity, And moulded to the height, contemn his maker, Curb the free hand that fram’d him ? Hence Fou nding vbL sb. Also atirib. 1658 W. Burton Comm. Antoninus* I tin. 156 The magni¬ ficent Acts [recul Arts] of Statuarie, Founding, Mowlding. 1779 Hervey Naval Hist. iii. II. 50 Ship-building, and the founding of iron cannon, were the sole [arts] in which the English excelled. 1782 Wedgwood in Phil. Trans. LXXII. 320 The fonding heat of the glass furnaces, .was.. 114 0 for flint-glass. 1853 Ure Diet. Arts I. 908 The found¬ ing-pots are filled up with these blocks of frit. Ibid. 917 These three stages are called the first, second, and third fusion or founding. t Found, vf Obs. Aphetic form of Confound. 1382 Wyclif Isa. xlvi. 8 Remembreth this, and beth foundid [Vulg. confundamini). a 1592 Greene George a Greene Wks. (Rtldg.) 267/2 A plague found you ! t Found, Also 6 pa. pple. fundied. [aphetic f. affound , acl. OF. enfondre : see first quot.] To be chilled or numbed with cold. [13.. Chaucer To Rosemounde 21 My love may not refreyd be nor affound.] c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhodc 11. xc. (1869) 108 The maymed, the foollich, the founded [mor- fon due], the froren. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus iv. 736 Becaus I was baith fundeit, faint, and cald. 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 108 [Pyrethio] is excellently good for any parte of the body y c is fundied or foundered or made allmost num, with to much colde. t Poirnclable, a. Obs. rare~'. [f. Found v . 2 + -able.] That can be founded. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) v. xiv.; I859 82 Ouer fantastyk, nought grounded, nor foundable in holy Scripture. Foundation (founds-Jan). Forms: 4-6f(o)un- dacio(u)n, -yon, 5-6 f(o)undatio(u)n, -yo(u)n, (6 foundasyon), 7 fund-, fondation, 5- foun¬ dation. [ad. L . fundatidn-em, n. of action f. fun- dare : see Found v.' a Cf. OF. fondacion (1322).] 1 . The action of founding or building upon a firm substructure ; the state or fact of being founded. c 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. 739 Thisbe , This wal ..Was cloven a-two, right fro the toppe adoun, Of old tyme of his fundacioun. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) xx i* 22 3 The founda- cion of the Tour of Babylon. 1535 Coverdale Ezra iii. 12 Many of the olde prestes. .which had sene the house afore in his foundacion. 1611 Bible John xvii. 24 Thou louedst mee before the foundation of the world. 1719 Tickell Death Addison 44 Ne’er to these chambers where the mighty rest, Since their foundation, came a nobler guest. 2 . fig. The action of establishing, instituting, or constituting on a permanent basis. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.)xi. 44 f>atwas J?e fundacion of }>e Templeres and of J?aire ordre. 1548 Hall Chron., Edw. IV (an. 9) 206 b, For the more sure foundacion of the newe amitie, Edward Prince of Wales, wedded Anne. 1619 Sempil Sacrilege Handled 84 Heere then was but a Nuncupation, a Fundation of Priesthood. 1841 Lane Arab. Nts. I. 73 Extending to the foundation of the Empire of Baghdad. 1874 Green Short Hist. viii. § 5. 506 The foundation of the linen manufacture which was to bring wealth to Ulster. 3 . esp. The establishing of an institution, together with an endowment or provision for its perpetual maintenance. 1389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 67 Theyse arne the ordinaunces of the Gylde of Seynt Katerine .. ordeynyd .. in the fyrste fundacion. c 1460 Fortescue Abs. <$- Lint. Mon. xix. (1885) 185 To establysh and .. amortyse \>e same lyuelod to is crowne..wych than wold be as a newe ffundacion of is crowne. 1513 Bradshaw St. Werburge 1. 2449 Whatlandes he gaue towarde the fundacyon Of the sayd monastery. 1587 Fleming Contn. Holinsked III. 1349/2 In ech vniuersi- ties by the foundation of the ordinarie and publike lessons. 1859 C. Barker Assoc. Princ. i. 7 The piety, .evidenced by bequests of broad acres, the foundation of religious houses. + b. The charter of establishment or incorpora¬ tion of a society, institution, etc., with rules and ordinances for its government. Obs. 1389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) no [heading] Certijicacio fun- dacionis et regiminis gilde .. [ending with] Other fundacioun es ther non. 1530-1 Ad 22 Heyi. VIII , c. 12 Euery person .. bounden by reason of any foundacion or ordynaunce to gyue or distribute any money in almes. 1546 Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 20 As in the First Chauntrie at large is de¬ clared as apperyth by Foundacion dated [etc.]. 4 . That which is founded or established by en¬ dowment ; an institution (e.g. a monastery, college, or hospital) established with an endowment and regulations for its maintenance. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 808 He begun to founde a College of a hundred priestes, which foundation with the founder shortly tooke an ende. 1669 Woodhf.ad St. Teresa 11. xxviii. 175 It was our Lord’s pleasure, that no Foundation should be erected without great troubles to me. 1843 Coleridge in Stanley Arnold's Life <5* Corr. (1844) I. i. 9 Corpus is a very small establishment,—twenty fellows and twenty scholars, with four exhibitioners, form the foundation. 1867 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) I. iv. 190 He was with difficulty hindered from becoming a monk in his own foundation of Jumieges. b. On (or \of) the foundation : said of the members of an endowed college or similar society. 1491 Act 7 Hen. VII , c. 19 William Priour of Cristchurche of Caunterbury of your noble fundacion. 1588 Ld. Burgh- ley in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. III. 26 No Scholer nor Fellowes of the foundation of any Howse of Learninge. 1761 Gray Lett. Wks. 1884 HI* 86 If the boy was to be on the foundation [at Eton]. 1839 De Quincey Recoil. Lakes Wks. 1862 II. 71 He. .was removed to. .London, and placed on the great foundation of Christ’s Hospital. 1881 Oxford Univ. Calend. 163 There are now fourteen Fellowships and fifteen Scholarships on the old Foundation at this College. c. The fund or revenues appropriated to endow such an institution. Also US. (see quot. 1851). c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems 136 To sette of tithes a fun¬ dacioun. 1593 Nashe Christ's T. 83 b, They peruert foun¬ dations, and will not bestow the Bequeathers free almes. 165S Fuller Ch. Hist. vi. iii. 312 None [of the Convents] was left standing in the whole Diocesse of Bangor, where no Foundation was valued at full seventy pounds per annum. 185X B. H. Hall College Words 134 Foundation .. In America applied to a donation or legacy appropriated especi¬ ally to maintain poor and deserving, .students at a college. 0. The solid ground or base (natural or built up) on which an edifice or other structure is erected; also, the lowest part of a building, usually con¬ structed below the ground-level. 1494 Fabyan Chron. v. exxxiv. 119 Albeit y fc many [build- ingsj stande vpon theyr first foundacion, as this yet doth. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay s Voy. 1. viii. 8 b, Where as yet are seene the foundations of the auncient citie. 1697 Dryden sE7icid iii. 27 ,1 lay the deep Foundations of a Wall. 1802 C. James AfHit. Diet, s.v., If the earth to be built upon is . .such that the natural foundation cannot he trusted. 1850 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. (1863) 22 In digging the foundations of the monastery of Monte Cassino. transf. and fig. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. lvii. (1495) 172 The bones ben the foundacion of al the body and the byldynge of all the body is sette thervpon. 1535 Cover- dale Ps. cii. 25 Thou Lorde in the begynnynge has layed y° foundacion of the earth. 1597 Daniel Civ. Wars vi. 54 Which engines of protests, and proffers kind. .So shook the whole foundation of his mind, As they did all his resolution move. 1648 Herrick HesperHock-cart 29 The large and cheefe Foundation of your Feast, Fat Beefe. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 1. 455 The Rocks are from their old Founda¬ tions rent. 1705 S. Sewall Diary 19 Jan. (1879) II. 122 The Horses went away with the foundation and left the Superstructure of the Slay and the Riders behind. + b. The 4 seat ’ of the body, the 1 fundament \ 1681 Colvil Whigs Supplic. (1751) 131 Who quarrels pick with neighbour nations Get halberts thrust thro’ their funda- tions. 6. jig. A basis or groundwork on which some¬ thing (immaterial) is raised or by which it is sup¬ ported or confirmed; an underlying ground or prin¬ ciple ; the basis on which a story, fiction, or the like is founded. c 1400 Hist. Sf Art. Masonry 28 Hit was cause and funda¬ cion of all craftys and sciens. 1529 More Dyaloge 1. Wks. 161/1 This one poynt is the very fond foundacion and ground of all his great heresyes. 1611 Bible Transl. Pref. 4 The Edition of the Seuentie was vsed by the Greeke fathers for the ground and foundation of their Commentaries. 1628 T. Spencer Logick 182 The principles, and foundation of a. de¬ monstration, are necessary axiomes. 1674 Playford Skill Mus. in. 1 The Bass, which is the lowest part and founda¬ tion of the whole Song. 1695 Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth iii. ii. (1723) 179 There being no reasonable ^Foundation to believe that the Deluge did come to pass this Way. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 91 Pi The Subject I am now going upon would be much more properly the Foundation of a Comedy. 1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Lady Rich 1 Dec., The report. .1 can assure you., has no real foundation. 1765 Blackstone Comm. 1.47 The only true and natural founda¬ tions of society are the wants and the fears of individuals. 1843 Mill Logic 1. iii. § 9, 1 shall term the sensation of white the foundation of the quality whiteness. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 313 Thus far Socrates has proceeded in placing religion on a moral foundation. f b. A ground or reason upon which men act; an understanding, basis of agreement. Obs. 1642 R. Carpenter Experience iv. ii. 132 He may kill his adversary, upon this foundation, because he must either kill or he killed. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. II. xli. 107 That the English might again repair to their respective Houses, and trade on the old Foundation. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 30 Upon this foundation Captain Lovet en¬ gaged Mr. John Rudyerd to be his engineer. 7 . transf. That upon which any structure is built up; a body or ground upon which other parts are overlaid ; in various technical uses : e.g. in Dress¬ making, an underskirt over which the outer skirt is hung or draped; also, a material used for stiffening a garment, etc.; in crochet-work and knitting, the first set of stitches, to which the rest are secured. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. 1 .909 Foundation, .the body of a hat, of wool or inferior fur, upon which the napping of superior fur is laid and united at the battery. 1882 Caul- feild & Saward Did. Needlework , Foundation net, a coarse quality of Net. .employed for stiff foundations in Millinery and Dressmaking. 1893 G. Hill Hist. Eng. Dress II. 270 Six skirts of tulle over a foundation of satin. 8 . aitrib. and Comb. a. simple attrib. ( = belong¬ ing to or serving as a foundation, fundamental). 1665 Glanvill Scepsis Sci. xi. (1680) 98 If any ask, how the Soul came by those foundation-Propositions. 1670 Devout Commun. (1688) 160 Christ, that foundation-mercy, that hath all mercies folded up in him. 1726 Vanbrugh Journ. to Loud. 1. i, It is a settled foundation-point that every child that is born shall be a beggar, except one; and that he—shall be a fool. 1875 E. White Life in Christ in. xx. (1878) 262 He builds everywhere on the foundation-thought that a Christian is [etc.]. b. = belonging to a foundation (sense 4), as foundation-charter , child , + master , scholar , f un¬ dergraduate. c 1670 Wood Life (1848) 129 A copie of the ^foundation- charter of Canterbury college in Oxon. 1845 Stocqueleir Handbk. Brit. India (1854) 156 The ^foundation children, fifty in number, are elected from the Christian population of Calcutta. 1706 Hearnf. Collect. 17 Feb., He was a * Founda¬ tion Master fas they call them). 1883 Cassell's Earn. Mag. Aug. 525/1 The number of free or ^Foundation scholars has been increased. 1687 W. Sherwin in Magd. Coll. <$• J r as. II (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 216 Any ^foundation-undergraduate. c. Special comb.: foundation-chain, the first stitches in a piece of crochet-work; foundation- muslin, -net, gummed fabrics used for stiffening dresses and bonnets; foundation - school, an FOUNDATIONAL. 494 FOUNDER. endowed school; foundation-stone, one of the stones forming the foundation of a building; spec. a stone laid with public ceremony to celebrate the founding of the edifice; also fig .; foundation- stop, in an organ (see quot. 1881). 1882 Caulfeild & Saward Diet. Needlework, * Foundation Chain. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, * Foundation-muslin. 1882 Caulfeild & Saward Diet, Needlework,*Foundation net. 1833 Marryat P. Simple (1863) 92, I had been, .edu¬ cated at a ^foundation school. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. 111. xlii. 302 The *Foundation-Stone of the Church. 1874 Morley Compromise (1886) 250 The first foundation-stone for the doctrine of liberty is to be sought in the conception of society as a growing and developing organism. 1887 Spectator 9 July 924/1 The foundation-stone of the Imperial Institute was laid by the Queen. 1846 Rimbault in North Mem. Musicke 12 r Smith seems to have excelled in the diapason or ^foundation stops. 1881 C. A. Edwards Organs 148 Foundation stops are those that give a note corresponding to the key pressed. Hence + Founda tion v., to ground. 1627-77 Feltham Resolves 11. xxvii. 215 He that founda¬ tions not himself with the Arts, will hardly be fit to go out Doctor, either to himself or others. Foundational (faund^Janal), a. [f. as prec. + -al.] Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a foundation ; fundamental. 1683 E. Hooker Pref. Ep. Pondage's Mystic Div. 44 Foundational Doctrines. 1728 R. Morris Ess. A tic. Archit. 100 The foundational Laws of Beauty and Propor¬ tion. 1865 Ruskin Sesame 161 His command of it should be foundational and progressive, hers, general and accom¬ plished for daily and helpful use. Hence Foundationally adv. 1878 T. Sinclair Mount 133 Never till then can they con¬ struct foundationally. Foundationary (found,? 1 -Janari), a. [f. as prec. + -ary.] Of or belonging to a foundation. 1762 tr. Busching's Syst. Geog. V. 440 [It] was converted into a foundation of canons. .It has its own foundationary amt-office. 1864 Daily Tel. 2 Aug., The foundationary funds attached to them [schools]. Foundationer (faund^’Janai). [f. as prec. + -er !.] One who is ‘ on the foundation ’ of an en¬ dowed school or college. 1839 Arnold Let. in Stanley Lifety Corr. (1844) II. ix. 155 The difference which I had always made between Non-foun¬ dationers and Foundationers. 1876 Fox Bourne Locke I. i. 17 A new charter, which in addition to the forty foundationers . .provided for the education of eighty other boys. Foundationless (faund^i-Janles), a. [f. as prec. + -less.] Without foundation, baseless. 1648 Hammond Sertn. 2 Cor. vii. 1 Wks. 1684 IV. 506 A flattering, fallacious, foundationless.. hope. 1821 Examiner 2/1 The rumour, .was not altogether foundationless. 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lamps vi. 165 Tottering, foundationless shells of splintered wood and imitated stone. Hence Founda'tionlessness. 1895 Blackw. Mag. July 33 Its one foundation is the foundationlessness of other systems. + Foundator. Obs. Also -atour, Sc, funda- tour. [ad. L. funddtor , agent-n. f. fundare, re¬ fashioned after Found zi. 2 ] = Founder sb . 2 c 1425 Found. St. Bartholomew's (E. E. T. S.) 19 And with ofte visitacions solempne laude yeldid to God, with the I foundatoure. 1549 Compl. Scot. xv. 128 Lauberaris of the I grond .. var fundatouris of al there triumphand prosperite. ! 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay s Voy. iv. xxiv. 140 j Penetropolis .. afterwards of his foundator Philippopoli. j 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scotl. I. 324 The Abbay I . .quhairof he is namet fundatour. + Founday. Obs. [? f. Found z\3] (See quot.) 1674 Ray Collect. Words 126 Every six days they call a Founday, in which space they make 8 Tun of Iron, if you ; divide the whole summ of Iron made by the Foundays: for at first they make less in a Founday, at last more. Suss[ex ]. ! Founded (fau-nded), ppl. a. [f. Found v. 2 ] 1 . Based, having a (specified) base or ground ; (with qualifying adverb). + Also without adv.= ‘well founded’, well grounded, etc. (obs.). 1605 Shaks. Mach. in. iv. 22 Then comes my Fit againe. I had else beene perfect, Whole as the Marble, founded as the Rocke. 1671 Milton Samson 1504 Thy hopes are not ill founded. 1771 Junius Lett. Iv. 291, I mean, .of such charges, .to show that they are not founded. 1774 tr. Helve tins' Child of Nature I. 132 A young woman of your prudence must be founded in her behaviour. 1780 Burke Sp. at Bristol Wks. III. 398 Supply them with just and founded motives to disaffection. 1792 Anecd. W. Pitt III. xliii. 152 If Ministers are founded in saying there is no sort of treaty with France. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 248 1 hese complaints were in many cases well founded. 2 . Endowed, 1 on the foundation’, rare. *895 J- M. Bulloch Hist. Aberdeen Univ. 99 The greater part of the founded members had been ‘ quyte abolisched ’. Foundement: see Fundament. t Founder, slD Obs. [f. Found v\ + -er 1 .] One who tests: only in ale-founder = Ale-conner. 6-1500 Bk. of Bronte (1886) 164 Enquere..of yower alle- founders, }ef they hawe do yer office well and trwly. Founder (feurndoj), sb. 2 [f. Found v 2 + -er 1 : cf. OF .fondeor, -eur.~\ 1 . ‘ One who raises an edifice; one who presides at the erection of a city } (J.). 1387 Trevisa Higdett (Rolls) II. 79 pe foundour of pis citee is vnknowe. c 1440 Bone Flor. 11 Antenowre. .fown- der of Jerusalem. 1611 Cory at Crudities 8 Julius Caesar was the first founder of this tower. 1728 Newton Chrotiol. Amended i. 161 Every City set up the worship of its own Founder. 1838 Murray's Handbk. N. Germ. 477 The building displays, .the taste of different founders. + b. A maker or creator. Obs. a 1375 Joseph A rim. 68 He pat is mi foundeor may hit folfulle, pat was ded on pe cros & bou3te us so deore. 2 . One who sets up or institutes for the first time ; one who gives its first beginning to (an institution, sect, etc.). Formerly in wider use, an originator (of a practice or custom). 1340-70 Alex. <$• Dind. 664 He [Mars] was fihtere fel & foundur of werre. 1389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 101 Y° first foundurs of y is gilde. 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. VII , 32b, No man could tell who was the authoure and founder of that rumoure. 1563 Homilies 11. Wilful Rebel, iv. (1859) 583 Sathan, the first founder of Rebellion. 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 1. i. Contents § 17 Leucippus and Democritus.. were..the Founders of that Philosophy which is Atheisti- cally Atomical. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 1. 24 Pallas .. Thou Founder of the Plough and Plough-man’s Toyl. 1776 Gibbon Decl. § F. I. 357 Like Augustus, Diocletian may be considered as the founder of a new empire. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 24 George Fox, the founder of the sect of Quakers. 1874 Helps Soc. Press, iii. 52 The founders of great fortunes and great families. 3 . One who founds or establishes (an institution) with an endowment for its perpetual maintenance. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 2584 He was fyrst founder and syre Of pe cherche of Knares myre. 1535-6 Act 27 Hen. VIII , c. 28 Suche as pretende to be foundours, pa¬ trons or donours of suche relygyous houses. 1682 Prideaux Lett. (Camden) 122 Our founders monument being defaced in the late wars, I am again restoreing it. 1693 Fentley Boyle Led. 11. 8 The Honourable Founder of this Lecture. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits , Universities Wks. (Bohn) II. 89 The pictures of the founders hang from the walls. + 4 . One who supports or maintains another. Obs. 1548 Hall Chron. (1809) 491 He [Perkyn Warbeck]. .with all hys complices and confederates, and Jhon Awater .. one of hys founders and hys sonne, were, .arreyned and con- dempned at Westmynster. 1613 Beaum. & Fl. Captain 1. iii, What a vengeance ails you, To be so childish to imagine me A founder of old fellows ? 5 . Founder’s-shares, (-parts)//., shares issued to tlie founders of a public company, as part of the consideration for the business or concession which is taken over, and not forming a part of the ordinary capital. 1889 Daily News 24 Oct. 7/2 The value of.. founders’ shares has grown unwieldy. 1896 Athenaeum 1 Feb. 143/2 The invention of ‘ founders’ shares.dates only from 1889. Founder (faumdoi), sbf> [f. Found + -er 1 . Cf. OF. (and mod.F.) fondeur .] 1 . One who founds or casts metal, or makes arti¬ cles of cast metal. Often in comb., with the metal or article specified, as bell-, iron-, type-founder. 1402 in Rot. Pari. III. 520 Bartilmew Dekene, Founder. 1560 Bible (Genev.) Jer. vi. 29 The lead is consumed in the fyre : the founder melteth in vaine. 1637 Decree Star Chamber xxvii. in Arb. Miltons Areop. 21 That there shall be foure Founders of letters for printing allowed. 1681 Grew Musxum iii. iii. 334 Founders add a little [antimony] to their Bell-Metal, to make it more sonorous. 1705 Lut- trell Brief Rel. (1857) V* 581 Her majesties founder has orders to cast 60 heavy cannon. 1724 Swift Drapieds Lett. Wks. 1755 V. 11. 28 Let Mr. Wood and his crew of founders and tinkers coin on. 1892 Labour Commission Gloss, s.v., Master founders are the owners or managers of a foundry for making iron or brass castings, b. One who founds glass. 1853 Ure Diet. Arts I. 905 The glass-founder. 1885 Instr. Census Clerks 89 Glass Manufacture [Workmen employed in] Metal Making : Founder. 2 . Comb., as founder s dust, sand (see quots.). 1858 Simmonds Did. Trade, Founders' Dust, charcoal powder, and coal and coke dust ground fine and sifted for casting purposes in foundries. Ibid., Founders' sand, a species of sand obtained from Lewisham, Kent, and other districts, for making foundry moulds. Founder (fairndoa), sbA [f. Founder v .] + 1 . pi. Grounds, lees, sediment. Cf. F. fon- drilles. Obs. c 1450 M. E. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 176 Do awey pe foundres [v.r. groundes] vndernepe. 2 . The action of the verb Founder ; a landslip. 1882 Cornh. Mag. Dec. 738 A series of founders or land¬ slips, caused by the undermining of the solid strata. Founder (fcnrndoi), sb.§ [app. f. found, pa. pple. of Find v. + -er T] + 1 . = Finder. Obs. 1577 Frampton Joyful News in App. Jas. I's Countcrbl. (Arb.) 84 Lorde Nicot. .first founder out of this hearbe. 2 . spec, in Derbysh. Lead-mining (see quot. 1851). 1601 High Peak Art. 1 . in Mander Derby sh. Min. Gloss. (1824) 130 Who .. were or pretended to be possessed of the same ground as taker of a Fore-field for an old foun¬ der. 1851 Tapping Lead-mining Terms (E. D. S.), Founder is the mining term expressive of the finder of a vein, or rake, or in ordinary language, a miner. 3 . That portion of a lead-mine which is given to the first finder of the vein ; hence, the part first worked. Called also founder-meer, -shaft. 1653 Manlove Lead-Mines 59 (E. D. S.) If two Founders in one Rake be set. 1747 Hooson Miner's Did. I ijb, Sometimes it happens that there is two Founders in the same Vein, for a Vein may be found at a distance from my Founder. 1802 Mawe M in. Derbysh. 204 Founder mere, the first 32 yards of ground worked. Ibid ., Foundershaft, the first shaft that is sunk. 1851 Ad 14 15 Viet. c. 94 § 2 The Word ‘ Founder’ shall mean the Point at which a Vein of Ore shall be first found..the Words ‘ Founder-Meers’ shall mean the Two first Meers to be set out to the Finder. Pounder (fau'ndai), sb .G Also 6 fowndcr. [f. Founder v. (senses 4-5).] 1 . Inflammation of the laminar structures of a horse’s foot, resulting usually from overwork ; a similar disease in dogs. 1547 Salisbury Welsh Diet., Fraeo val march, fownder. 1708 J. C. Compl. Collier (1845) 34 They are subject to Beat or Founder to their Feet or Leggs. 1825 Loudon Agric. % 6517 (1831) 087 Founder of the feet. 1884 Speedy Sport iii. 31 Kennel lameness, founder, and rheumatism [in dogs] are often caused by [etc.] 2 . A rheumatic affection of the muscles of the chest in horses. Called also body-, chest founder. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1756) I. 275 They were often mistaken even in what they call the Chest or Body- founder. 1818 Sporting Mag. II. 171, I agree with the French writers that the founder is a fluxion. Founder (faivndoi), v. [a. OF. fondrer to plunge to the bottom, submerge ; also intr. to col¬ lapse, fall in ruins f. L .fundus bottom. The simple vb. fondrer appears to be rare in OF.; the compounds esfondrer , enfondrer , are common, and occur in most of the senses below; cf. Afounder, Enfounder, of which founder in some uses may be an aphetic form. The r in the OF. vb. is variously accounted for : see Hatz.- Darm. s.v. effondrer, Korting Lat.-Rom.-Wb. s.vv. ex- fundulare, infuiuiulare', a popular Lat. type *fundordre may have existed, f. fundora (see Du Cange) pi. of fundus neut., whence Fr .fonds, Founce.] + 1 . trails. To burst or smash (something) in; to force a passage through. Obs. 13.. Coer de L. 5266 He gaff Richard a sory flatt, That foundryd bacynet and hat. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1725) 183 And whan he was withinne, & fauht as a wilde leon, He fondred J?e Sarazins otuynne & fauht as a dragon. f 2 . To send to the bottom, cause to be swallowed up or engulfed. Obs. 13.. E. E.Allit. P. B. 1014 pis watz a uengeaunce violent bat voyded pise places, pat foundered hatz so fayr a folk & pe folde sonkken. 1490 Caxton Eneydos xxvii. 97 Haue no mercy..of ony man that lyueth, foundre&droune altogider [F. ejfondres tout ] in-to the botome of the sea. 3 . intr. Of the earth, a building, etc.: To fall down, give way. 1489 Caxton Faytes of A. n. xxxv. 153 The toure foun- dred and sanke doune in to the grounde. a 1697 Aubrey Wilts (Royal Soc. MS.) 106 (Halliw.) A quantity of earth foundred and fell downe a vast depth. 1830 Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 274 We find that the cliffs of Bawdsey and Felix- tow are foundering slowly. fb. trans. To undermine. Also fig. Obs. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. 111. iv. § 13 King John having his soul battered without, with forrain fears, and foundred with¬ in by the falsenesse of his Subjects, sunk on a sudden beneath himself, a 1656 Ussher Ann. v. (1658) 60 The river .. foundering the wall thereof 20 furlongs in length, bare it down. 4 . intr. (Chiefly of a horse or its rider.) To stumble violently, fall helplessly to the ground, collapse; to fall lame; occas. to sink or stick fast (in mire or bog). 6-1386 Chaucer Knt's. T. 1829 For which his hors for feere gan to turne, And leep asyde, and foundred as he leep. c 1450 Golagros <$• Gaw. 1022 As he loutit our ane bra, His feit founderit hym fra. 15x3 Douglas VEneis x. xiv. 157 Down swakkis the knycht sone with a fellon fayr, Foundris ford wart flatlingis on hys spald. c 1560 A. Scott Poems (S. T. S.) ii. 163 To grund, for fersness, he did fun¬ der. 1563 Homilies 11. Rogation Week iv. (1859)498 Where¬ by thy poor nyghbour, sitting on his seelly weak beast, foundereth not in the deep thereof. 1713 Steele Guard. No. 132 ip 6 The man is a thick-skull’d puppy, and founders like a horse. 1875 F. Hall in Lippiucott’s Mag. XVI. 749/1 The guide had strayed off the ford, and I was foundering in a quicksand. 1880 Muirhead Gains nx. § 219 When a man has. .driven another’s horse so hard as to cause it to founder. 5 . trails. To cause to break down or go lame; esp. to cause (a horse) to have the founder, thus disabling him. 1593 NASHE4 Lett. Confut. 51 A broken-winded .. lade, that, .now is quite foundred and tired. 1608 Yorksh. Trag. 1. viii, O stumbling jade .. Plague founder thee. 1674 N. Cox Genii. Recreat. 1. (1677)97 You will surbate or founder your Hounds. 1680 Hacke Collect. Voy. 11. (1699)3 A very bad Path, which with our being necessitated to wade the River, .almost foundred our Men. 1732 Gay Achilles 1, He will quite founder himself with galloping from place to place to look after me. 1884 W. C. Smith Kildrostan 74 She..rode my pony till she foundered him. b. fig. 1589 R. Harvey PI. Perc. 18 Such firie Agues fall soonest into a surfeit, and founder themselues with their intem¬ perate behauiour. 1645 Milton Colast. (1851)365 Founder himself to and fro in his own objections. 1658 Bramhall Consecr. Bps. vi. 148 And so your Consequence, .is foundered of all four, and can neither passe nor repasse. TI c. Confused with Found vf>: To benumb. 1562 [see Found 7»J>]. 1578 Lyte Dodoens iii. xix. 342 The Oyle ..is good..for members that are benummed or foundered. 6 . intr. Of a vessel: To fill with water and sink, go to the bottom. [ = OF. s'enfondrer: cf. sense 2.] 1600 Hakluyt Voy. III. 398 Already she had receiued in much water, insomuch that she beganne to founder. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. i, The seamen every now and then cried out she would founder. 1882 White Naval Archit. 13 Ships founder when the entry of water into the interior causes a serious and fatal loss of floating power. b. fig. To ‘ come to grief’, be wrecked. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII, iii. ii. 40 But in this point All his trickes founder. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 56 note , Spain began to founder from the loss of the Low Countries; but a first-rate ship does not go down like a wherry. FOUNDERED. FOUNTAIN. 7 . traits. To cause (a ship) to fill with water and sink; to send to the bottom. 1659 D. Pell Impr. Sea 305 When a vessel is, or comes once to bee foundered, there is no possibility of her being helped up. [But this may be sense 6 .) 1748 F. Smith Voy. Disc. I. 52 Capable of pierceing a Ship under her Bends, so foundering her. 1893 G. Allen Scallywag III. no A great ship was being foundered and ground to pieces by some invisible force within a few yards of them. 8* Golf. To hit (a ball) into the ground. 1880 ‘ Capt. Crawley ’ Football , etc. 96 The young Golfer .. is likely to founder the ball, or drive it only a comparatively short distance. 119 . err on. = Yx.fondre : To burst (into tears). c 1477 Caxton Jason 5 The damoiseau Jason .. began thenne to foundre in teeris right habondantly. [Often in Caxton.] ^153° Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt.Bryt. (1814) 51 The king foundred all in teeres. Hence Fou*ndering vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 1548 Hall Citron ., Hen. Vf an. 13) 127 Matthew Gouth, by founding of his horsse, was taken. 1602 Warner A lb. Eng. ix. liii. (1612) 238 No one thing quailes Religion more than foundring Presbytrie. 1614 Markham Cheap Husb. I. li. (1668) 62 Of Foundring in the Feet there be two sorts, a dry and a wet. 1802 C. James Mi lit. Diet, s.v., Foundering in the feet..Foundering in the chest. 1813 Scott Rokeby 1. xvii, Rescued from our foundering skiff. Foundered (fau-ndaid),///. a. [f. Founder v. + -ED 1 .] + 1. Undermined, made to give way. Ohs. a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1840) I. 119 A foundered and failing foundation. 2 . Of a horse: Affected with founder; lamed. 1543 tr. Act 20 Rich. II , c. 5 The sayde horses become al lost and foundred [original AF .fomidez]. 1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. 1. i, As tender as the foot of a foundred nagge. 1640 Fuller Joseph's Coat 1 Cor. xi. (1867) 81 So our judgment will be partial and favourable to us, as foundered feet will never tread hard. X726 Swift Corr. Wks. 1841 II. 596 Shall gallop a foundered horse ten miles upon a causeway and get home safe. 1869 Blackmore Lorna D. xxiii, Your horse was greatly foundered. fig 1642 Fuller Holy <$• Prof. St. 11. i. 51 He not only hears but examines his Client, and pincheth the cause, where he fears it is foundred. 1822 Byron Vis. Judg. xci, Ere he could get a word Of all his founder’d verses under way. 3 . Of a vessel: Sunk, wrecked. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew , Founder'd, Ship at Sea , that sprung a Leak and Sunk downright. 1762-9 Falconer Shipivr. hi. 634 They.. Across the founder’d deck o’er- whelming roar. Founderous (fairndoros), a. Also foundrous. [f. Founder v. + -ous.] Causing or likely to cause to founder; miry, full of ruts and holes. 1767 Hull < 5 * Anlaby Road Act 2 The other roads..are become very founderous for travellers. 1796 Burke Regie. Peace iii. Wks. VIII. 267, I have travelled through the negotiation, and a sad founderous road it is. 1805 Wordsw. Waggoner 111, Poor pilot I, by snows confounded, And many a foundrous pit surrounded ! 1844 Williams Real Prop. (1873) 3 X 4 Where a public way is foundrous, as such ways frequently were in former times. Founder ship (fairndarjip). [f. Founder sbfi -f -ship.] The position of a founder. 1565 Abp. Parker Corr. (1853) 252, I would wish a better in his place to govern the house, and he to hold him in his foundership if he will. 1622 Callis Stat. Sewers (1647) 213 Many Inheritances I found in reason freed from these Taxes and Lays, as Tythes in Spiritual hands. .Presenta¬ tions, Founderships. 1841 Fraser's Mag. XXIII. 92 There seems to be a patriotic schism .. as to the foundership of the Temperance societies. 1869 Contemp. Rev.X. 11 . 67 It.. harmonizes with his foundership of the Olympic games. Foundling (fau-ndliq). Forms: 4 fynd(e)ling, 4-8 fondling, 4-6 -elyng, 4-6 found(e)lyng, (4-eling),4-5fund(e)ling,-lyng, 4, 6 foundling. [ME. fundeling ( = Du. vondeling, MHG. vunde- littc ), i.funden, pa. pple. of Find v. + -ling ; ME. had also fmdling ( = Gcr. findling ), f. the pres, stem of the vb. Cf. also ME .funding] 1 . A deserted infant whose parents are unknown, a child whom there is no one to claim. Also transf a 1300 E. E. Psalter lxvii[i]. 5 (Horstm.) Of fadre of found- linges ma. c 1305 Judas 56 in E. E. P. (1862) 108 So J>atJ>e quene vpbreid adai: }> at he fyndling was. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 182/2 Fundelynge, as he )?at ys fowndyn, and noman wote ho ys hys fadur, ne hys modyr. 1549 Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Phil. iii. 5, I am an Israelite, not by engraff- ynge, but by kyndred : not a straunge foundlyng, but a Jewe, beynge borne of the Jewes. 1602 Withals Diet. 271/1 A childe which is laid and found in the streete .. or else¬ where, which they call commonly a foundling. 1735 Berke¬ ley Querist § 372 Whether there should not be erected., an hospital for orphans and foundlings, at the expense of old bachelors ? 1789 G. White Selborne x liv. 113, I myself have seen these foundlings in their nest displaying a strange ferocity of nature. 1840 Dickens Bam. Rudge xxxix, He roared again until the very foundlings near at hand were startled in their beds. appositively. a 1712 King Ulysses «V Tiresias 25 Tho’ he a foundling bastard be. a 1853 Robertson Serin. Ser. iv. xxiii. (1876) 250 The discovery of a foundling orphan. b. fig. 1587 Golding De Mornay Pref. 8 As for lying or vntruth, it is a foundling, and not a thing bred. 1827-38 Hare Guesses (1867) 210 Employ such words as have the largest families, keeping clear of foundlings and of those of which nobody can tell whence they come unless he happens to be a scholar. 1853 Trench Proverbs 39 The great majority of proverbs are foundlings, the happier foundlings of a nation’s wit, which [etc.]. 495 2 . The Foundling \ the Foundling Hospital, London. 1829 Gf.n. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) I. 123 It would be , as wise to recommend wolves for nurses at the Foundling, j on the credit of Romulus and Remus. 3 . attrib. and Comb., as foundling-hospital, f -house, an institution for the reception of found¬ lings ; foundling-stone, an erratic boulder. 1756 Nugent Gr. Tour, France IV. 39 The enfants trouves , or ^foundling-hospital. 1875 Jowktt Plato (ed. 2) III. 166 The Creches of Paris, or the foundling hospital of Dublin. 1750 Johnson Rambler No. 12 P 6 What, you never heard of the ^Foundling House? 1892 Edin. Rev. Apr. 305 Foundling-stones' innumerable have become objects of popular superstition and scientific curiosity. Foundment: see Fundament. Foundress 1 (fciumdres). Forms : 5 fowm- dowr-, 5-6 founderesse, (7 -ess), 5-7 foun¬ dress©, 7-8 -res, 7- foundress, [f. Founder^.- + -ess.] A female founder; esp. a woman who founds or endows an institution, etc. c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems n Gramer. .Cheeflf (founderesse and roote of alle connyng. 1490 Caxton Eneydos vi. 23 Dydo .. foundresse of the noble cyte of cartage. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 898 [Perkin] retourned againe to the Lady Margaret his first foolish foundresse. 1631 Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 387 The chiefe Foundresse of this religious house. 1778 Lowth Transl. Isaiah Notes (ed. 12) 328 Semiramis was the foundress of this part also of the Baby¬ lonian greatness. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 530 The goddess who is the common foundress of both our cities. + Foundress 2 . Obs. [f. Founder sb$ + -ess.] A woman who founds or casts metals. 1638 Ford Fancies in. ii, The great bell of my heart is crack'd and never Can ring in tune again, till’t be new cast By one only skilful foundress. Foundry (fairndri). Forms : 7 fondary, -ery, founderie, 8 -ary, 8-9 -ery, 9 foundry, [a. F. fond(e)rie , f. fondre\ see Found vf] 1 . The art or business of founding or casting metal; concr. founders’ work, castings. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 565 This art of grauing images in stone is of greater antiquitie by farre, than.. founderie and casting statues. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 279 note, The ingenious Mr. Prickett, to whom the Iron Foundery of this kingdom owes much. 1890 Daily News 6 Jan. 2/3 Cut nails are advanced .. and a similar run is declared in heavy iron foundry, mill-rolls, wheels, etc. 2 . An establishment or building in which found¬ ing of metal or glass is carried on. 1645 Evelyn Mem. (1819) I. 194 The founderie where they cast ordinance, c 1730 Burt Lett. N. Scotl. (1818) I. 258 This man .. dwelt near an English foundery in Glengary. 1853 Ure Diet. Arts I. 915 (art. Glass-making). 1880 Miss Braddon Just as I am xliii, Fellow-workmen together in the same foundry. fig. 1711 Shaftesb. Charac. (1737) I. 320 Thus I contend with fancy and opinion ; and search the mint and foundery of imagination. 1794 Sullivan View Nat. IV. 249 The nur¬ sery of irresistible legions, the foundary of the human race. + b. (See quots.) Obs. 1670-98 Lassels Voy. Italy I. 3 The Fondaries or Still¬ ing-Houses of the Great Duke of Florence. 1674 Blount Glossogr ., Fondery (Fr.) a Stilling-house. 3 . attrib. and Comb., as foundry-coke, furnace , -goods, - man ; foundry-iron, iron containing sufficient carbon to make it suitable for castings; foundry-proof, the final proof before stereotyping or electrotyping (Jacobi). 1892 Daily News 6 Aug. 8/6 Wanted by Colliery Pro¬ prietors, an Agent, to sell ^foundry coke. 1884 Knight Diet. Mcch. IV. 355 * Foundry Furnace .. Reverberating and blast furnaces. 1831 J. Holland Manuf. Metal I. 71 That endless variety of smaller and generally useful articles, denominated *foundery goods. 1863 Robson Bards of Tyne 357 He. .keeps ’a the *foundrymen starvin’ till neet. Fount 1 (fount). Chiefly poet . [Appears late in 16th c.; ad. F. font or 'L.font-em on the analogy of mount, fountain, etc.] A spring, source, Foun¬ tain. 1593 Shaks. Lucr. 850 Why should .. toads infect fair founts with venom mud? 1613 — Hen. VIII, 1. i. 154 Proofes as cleere as Founts in Inly, when Wee see each graine of grauell. 1641 J. Jackson True Evang. Temper 1. 8 As naturall a fluxe and emanation forth of it .. as the water in the rivelet hath from the fount. 1667 Milton P. L. iii. 357 And flours aloft shading the Fount of Life. 1725 Pope Odyss. xix. 562 Thy milky founts my infant lips have drained. 1728-46 Thomson Spring 398 High to their fount, .trace up the brooks, a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) II. 308 By Kedron's brook, or Siloa's holy fount, b. transf. and fig. 1593 Drayton Eclog. iv. 107 From this Fount did all those Mischiefs flow. 1833 Mrs. Browning Prometh. Bound Poems 1850 I. 144 Because I stole The secret fount of fire. 1842 Tennyson Locksley Hall 188 Ancient founts of inspiration well thro’ all my fancy yet. 1874 Green Short Hist. v. § 3. 235 The Archbishop turned fiercely upon Oxford as the fount and centre of the new heresies. Fount 2 (fount), font (f^nt). Printing. Also 8 found; cf. Fund. [See Font sb. 2 ~\ A complete set or assortment of type of a particular face and size. Also fully, fount of letter or type. 1683 Moxon Printing No. 11. P 2. 13 A Fount (properly a Fund) of Letter of all Bodies. Ibid. No. xxiii. 377 Fount is the whole number of Letters that are Cast of the same Body and Face at one time. 1687-8 Boyle Let. 5 Mar. in Birch Life 417, I caused a font of Irish letters to be cast. 1714 Mandeville Fab. Bees (1725) I. 258 Break down the printing-presses, melt the founds. 177X P. Luckombe Hist. Print. 248 A Complete Fount of Letter. X834 Southey Doctor I. ii. 27 We discussed the merits of a new font. 1862 Burton Bk. Hunter 76 The largest font of Italics possessed by the establishment. 1878 F. S. Williams Midi. Railw, 630 He set up a complete fount of type. Fountain (fairnten). Forms: 5-6 fontayn(e, -eyn(e, 5-7 -taine, fountayn(e, 6 fontane, 6-7 fountaine, 7-fountain. [\ateME.fontayne,a. OF. fontaine:— late L .fontdna (whence Pr., Sp., Pg., It .fontana, Welsh ffynnawn , -on), fern, of E.font- anus pertaining to a fount, f. font-,fons Fount jA 1 ] 1 . A spring or source of water issuing from the earth and collecting in a basin, natural or artificial; also, the head-spring or source of a stream or river. Now arch, ox poet, exc .fig. c 1450 Merlin 308 To this fountayn ofte tyme com nimiane for to disporte. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xviii. 400 A fore the gate sprange a quyeke fontaine. 1535 Coverdale Gen. viii. 2 The fountaynes of the depe and the wyndowes of heauen were stopte. 1588 Shaks. Tit. A. 11. v. 23 Like to a bubling fountaine stir’d with winde. 1635 N. Carpenter Geog. Del. ii.ix. 163 Some would haue the great riuer Tanais not to haue his head or fountaine in the Riphasan mountains. 1671 Milton Satnson 581 God, who caused a fountain at thy prayer From the dry ground to spring, etc. 1692 Ray Dissol. World 11. ii. (1732) 83 Making Rivers to ascend to their Fountains. 1727 Dyer Grongar Hill 20 So oft I have, At the fountain of a rill Sate upon a flow’ry bed. 1812 Brackenridge Views Louisiana (1814) 105 The greatest objection to this country is the want of fountains and running streams. 1842 Tennyson Amphion 96 The vilest herb that runs to seed Beside its native fountain. b. used with reference to baptism (cf. Font). [1526 Tindale Eph. v. 26 Clensed it in the fountayne of water thorowe the worde.] 1548 9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer Offices 8 Them which at this fountayne forsake the deuill and all his workes. c. transf. x 5 2 6-34 Tindale Mark v. 29 And streyght waye her fountayne of bloude was dryed vp. 1592 Shaks. Rom. <$• Jul. 1. i. 92 With purple fountains issuing from your veins. d. fig. A spring, source, ‘ well ’. (Often in pi.) x 398 T revisa Barth. De P. R. 1. (1495) 6 God is the foun¬ tayne of all godenesse and of all vertue. 14.. Balade to our Ladie (Chaucer’s Wks. 1561) Fountain al filthlesse, as birell current clere. 1481 Caxton Myrr . 1. vi. 30 Parys Oxenford & Cambryge ben the fontayns where men may drawe out most science. 1548-9 (Mar l) Bk. Com. Prayer , Post-Communion, Almightie God, the fountayn of all wisdome. 1589 Pasquil's Ret. C iij, This mischiefe hath many fountaines. 1660 Barrow Euclid Pref. (1714) 3 Some principal Rules of practical Geometry, reducing them to their original Fountains. 1766 Blackstone Comm. II. 223 The French law, which is derived from the same feodal fountain. 1844 Ld. Brougham Brit. Const, xvii. (1862) 268 The Crown is the fountain of honour. 1861 Tulloch Eng. Purit. i. 116 Long-practised craft had poisoned the very fountains of trust in him. 2 . A jet or stream of water made to rise or spout up artificially ; the structure built for such a jet or stream to rise and fall in; also, an erection in a public place for a constant supply of fresh water for drinking (more fully, drinking fountain). Ap¬ plied also to a natural jet of water, as that of a geyser. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas, xviii. ix, A dulcet spring and marvaylous fountaine Of golde and asure made all certaine. 1590 Spenser F. Q. ii. xii. 60 In the midst of all a fountaine stood, Of richest substance that on earth might bee. 1601 Shaks Jut. C. 11. ii. 77 My Statue, Which like a Fountaine, with an hundred spouts Did run pure blood. 1625 Bacon Ess., Gardens (Arb.) 561 Fountaines I intend to be of two Natures: the One that sprinckleth or Spouteth Water; the Other a Faire Receipt of Water, ..without Fish, or Slime, or Mud. a 1631 Donne Poems (1650) 23 A stone fountaine weeping out the yeare. X717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Lady Rich 1 Apr., There were four fountains of cold water in this room. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 28 It had been formerly a Fountain, but was only choak’d up..I ask’d..if he had ever known it to play. 1841-4 Emerson Ess., Art Wks. (Bohn) I. 145 Let spouting fountains cool the air, Singing in the sun-baked square. 1882 Cassell s.v. Dr inking fountain, Modern drinking fountains began to be erected in Liverpool in 1857. The first one in London was opened to the public on April 12, 1859. x ^86 A. Winchell Walks Talks in Geol. Field 84 Instantly the fountain [of the Great Geyser of Iceland] began to play with the utmost violence. 3 . Her. A roundel, barry wavy of six, argent and azure. 1610 Guillim Heraldry ill. iv. 96 He beareth..a Bend., betweene six Fountaines Proper. 1864 Boutell Her. Hist. # Pop. v. 25 In representation, the Bezant, Plate, and Foun¬ tain, are flat. 1868 Cussans Her. iv. 70 A Bend between six Fountains forms the Coat of the Stourton Family. 4 . A reservoir or compartment for holding oil, ink, etc., in an Argand lamp, a printing-press, etc. 5 . Conchol. (See quot.) 1895 Edin . Rev. Oct. 355 Fountains and watering-pots., and helmet-shells .. names which have ^ been locally., applied to a few of the multitudinous species of Mollusca. 6. attrib. and Comb. a. simple attrib. (chiefly appositive and fig. = belonging to or of the nature of a spring or source, original). 1645 Rutherford TryalS,- Tri. Faith (1845) 5 The fountain- love, the fountain-delight, the fountain-joy of men and angels. 1648 Boyle Seraph. Love xviii. (1700) hi His Love is the first Original and Fountain-blessing, a 1652 J. Smith Sel. Disc. ix. 446 The universal fountain-fulness of one supreme almighty goodness. 1662 J. Chandler Van Helniont’s Oriat. 286 The Fountain-light of the soul. 1678 Marvell Def. Hoive Wks. 1875 IV. 192 The original and FOUNTAINED 496 FOUR. fountain-Being. 1803-6 Wordsw. Tntimat. hnmort . dx, Those shadowy recollections, Which be they what they may, Are yet the fountain light of all our day. 1846 Trench Mirac. vi. (1862) 191 In contact with Him who is the fountain-flame of all life. b. Comb ., as fountain-brim , •side ; fountain- fruitful adj.; also fountain-fish, a ctenophoran ; fountain-pen, a pen furnished with an ink-reser¬ voir ; fountain-pipe, a pipe which supplies a fountain with water ; fountain-tree, a name for the deodar ( Treas. Bot. 1866); also, ‘ a tree in the Canary Isles which distills water from its leaves * (W.) ; + fountain - water, fresh water from a spring, spring-water. 1634 Milton Cotnus 119 By dimpled brook and *fountain- brim. 1641 G. Sandys Paraphr. Song Sol. iv. ii, The * Fountain-fruitful 1 Lebanon. 1823 Dicl. Math. <5- Phys. Sc. y *Fountain-pen. 1892 E. Reeves Homewd. Bound 164 One silver pocket-knife and fountain-pen. 1664 Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 226 Look to your*Fountain-Pipes. 1667 Milton P. L . iv. 326 By a fresh *fountain-side. 1725 Pope Odyss. xv. 480 Descry’d By road frequented, or by fountain-side. 1572 Mascall Plant, Graff. (1592) 78 Mingled with a little *Fountaine or running water. 1612 Enchir. Med. 11. 7 Let it be boyled in foure pints of fountaine water. 1678 R. Russell Geber iv. iv. 245 Common Salt is dissolved in clear Fountain Water. Fountained (fairntend), ppl. a. [f. prec. + -ED 2 .] Provided with a fountain or fountains ; also with attributive prefixed, as many-fountaincd. 1818 Keats Endym. 11. 717 O fountain’d hill ! Old Homer’s Helicon ! 1832 Tennyson (Enone 22 O mother Ida, many-fountain’d Ida. 1852 Miss Mitford Recollect. II. 3 Fountained garden and pillared court. t Fountainee'r. 06 s. In 7 -e(e)r(e, -iere ; also Fontanier. [ad. F. fontainier , fontenier : see -eer.] One who has charge of a fountain. 1603 Holland Plutarch's Mor. 220 No gardener nor fountainer. 1644 Evelyn Diary 27 Feb., A basilisc of copper, wh cb managed by the fountainere, casts water neere 60 feet high. .The fountainiere represented a showre of raine from the topp. 1652 Wright tr. Camus' Nature's Paradox 28 Like those Fountaineers, who shewing curious Water-works and Grotta’s. .set themselves in some known place where they remain dry, whilst every one else is wetted to the skin. Fountain-head. 1 . A fountain or spring from which a stream flows ; the head-spring or source of a stream. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1. viii. 9 This tower was made .. for the garding and keeping of the fountayne heads which from thence are brought .. into the citie. 1635 Swan Spec. M. v i. §2 (1643) 200 The sea..is the fountain-head from whence all fountains have their heads. 1708 J. C. Compl. Collier (1845) 26 Any Water coming from the Fountain, will rise to the height of that Fountain Head. 1774 J. Bryant Mythol. II. 60, I passed through the regions of the north to the fountain-head of the Ister. 1872 Raymond Statist. Mines <5- Mining 57 Taking the waters of the streams from their fountain-heads. 2 . fig. The chief or prime source of anything; the quarter whence anything originates; esp. an original source of information, news, etc. 1606 Bryskett Civ. Life 114 These two vnruly .. powers, which are the spring and fountaine head of all disordinate affections. 1655 Nicholas Papers (Camden) II. 326 As I am..assured from some heere very neare the fountayne head at Bruxells. 1754 Foote K?iights 1. Wks. 1799 I. 64 You are about the court; and so, being at the fountain- head, know what is in the papers before they are printed. 1787 Bentham Def. Usury x. 94 To trace an error to its fountain-head is to refute it. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 28 The Convention was the fountain-head from which the authority of all future Parliaments must be derived. Fountainless (fau-ntenles), a. [f. Fountain + -less.] Without fountains. 1671 Milton P. R. iii. 264 Barren desert, fountainless and dry. 1816 Scott Old Mort. (1830-2) II. xviii. 164 Like Hagar watching the waning life of her infant amid the fountainless desert. 1842 De Quincey Philos. Herodotus Wks. IX. 207 A. .wilderness, .everywhere fountainless. Fountainlet. nonce-wd. [See -let.] A little fountain. a 1661 Fuller Worthies , Huntingdon 11. (1662) 48 In the afore-said Village there be two Fountaine-lets. Fountainous (fau-ntenas), a. rare. [f. Foun¬ tain + -ous.] a. Of the nature of a fountain or source, lit. and fig. b. Containing fountains or springs of water. 1655 Stanley Hist. Philos. 1. (-1701) 18/1 From the Foun- tainous Idea’s there proceeded others. 1664 Beale in Evelyhs Pomona 29 If the Land be neither dry. .nor foun¬ tainous. 1747 E. Poston Pratler I. 42 From this vast fountainous Cause we may plainly trace all the Sins and Follies of Mankind. 1855 Bailey Mystic 72 The angels .. unsealed The secret wealth of many a fountainous hill. Hence Tou ntainously adv. ( = as from a source). 1662 J. Chandler Van Helmont's Oriat. 195 The light of the same proceeding immediately and fountainously from the Father of Lights. Fountful (fcurntful), a. poet. [f. Fount 1 + -ful.] Full of founts or springs. ci6ii Chapman Iliad xx. 204 The foot of Ida’s fountful hill. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. xv. (1626) 315 Where yellow Tybris runs From fountfull Appenines. 1715-20 Pope Iliad xii. 114 Fountful Ide. 1809 Mrs. West Mother (1810) 144 On the top of fountful Pisgah. Founting (fatrntig), ppl. a. rare. [f. Fount 1 + -ing*.] Welling up like a spring; transf. drooping in the form of a falling fountain. 1827 Hood Mids. Fairies iii, And there were founting springs to overflow Their marble basins. Ibid, xlviii, We bend each tree in proper attitude, And founting willows train in silvery falls. [Foupe : see List of Spurious Words.] Four (fo®j), a. and sb. Forms: 1-3 fdower, fewer, (2 fure), 2-3 f(o)uwer, 3 feouwer, fowuer, fower, Orm. fowwerr, foo(u)r, fujer, fur, south . vor, 3-4 south, vour, 3-7 fowre, foure, (3 fawre, fowr, Orm. fowwre),4 faur(e, 3- four. [Com. Teut. and Aryan : OE./cower = 0 ¥ris. fiuwcr, fior , OS. fiwar, fiuwar, fiori (Du. vier), OHG. fior , fier (MHG., mod.Ger. vier), ON .fi6rer masc., -ar fem., fiogor neut. (Sw. fyra , Da. fire), Goth. fidwSr. In comb. OE. had a form fiyder-, fitter- y Anglian feoftor-, -ur; cf.OSw.fiaePer-, Frankish fitter- (Lex Salica), Goth, fidur-. The phonolo¬ gical relation of the Teut. forms to those in other Aryan langs. presents anomalies of which the ex¬ planation is still disputed ; the OAryan type is *qetwer-, -wor-, qetur- (with other ablaut-variants of somewhat uncertain form), regularly represented by Skr. catvdr-, catur-, Gr. reaoapes (Dor. rlropes), L. quathtor, OIrish cethir , OWelsh petguar (mod. Welsh pedwar).] The cardinal number next after three, represented by the symbols 4 or IV. A. as adj. 1 . In concord with the sb. expressed. The four comers, quarters , etc. (of the earth , heavens or world ): the remotest parts; see Corner sb. 1 8. The four comers (of a document): the limits or scope of its contents ; see Corner sb. 1 1 e. Within the four seas : within the boundaries of Great Britain, t Of all four sides : entirely, thoroughly. a 1000 Crist 879 (Gr.) From feowerum foldan sceatum Jxtm ytemestum eorftan rices englas .. blawaS byman. £1175 Lamb. Horn. 159 pas fure kunnes teres boS pe fuwer wateres ba pe beo 5 ihaten us on to weschen. c 1205 Lay. 5154 Com pa tiSinde to pan feouwer kinggen pat Belin king wes icumen. a 1225 Juliana 9 pa leaden him i cure up o fowr hweoles. a 1300 Cursor M. 14241 Mari and martha .. pai had ben wepand par four dais. £1400 Destr. Troy 8808 pen pos maisters gert make .. Fovre lampis full light .. all of gold fyne. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon vi. 151 Reynawde is well a noble gentylman of all foure sides. 1533 Wriothesley CJiron. (1875) I. 10 A rich canapie of cloath of silver borne over her heade by the fower Lordes of the Portes. 1642 Fuller Holy # Prof. St. v. i. 359 So be it he goeth not out beyond the Foure seas. 1745 P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 156 They fired four Guns as Signals of Distress. 1886 Mrs. Lynn Linton Paston Carew iii, He .. was the safest confidant to be found within the four seas. 1893 Law Times XCV. 29/2 It may be neces¬ sary to look beyond the four corners of the agreement. b. Four corners , a game : see quots. Also, in Horsema?iship (see quot. 1753). i 73°-36 Bailey (folio), Four-corners [with Horsemen]. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Supp., Four-comers , in the manege, or to work upon the four corners, is to divide in imagination the volt or round into four quarters, so that upon each of these quarters, the horse makes a round or two at trot or gallop; and when he has done so upon each quarter, he has made the four corners. 1801 Strutt Sports 4 r Past. iii. vii. 241 Four-corners is so called from four large pins which are placed singly at each angle of a square frame. 1881 in Isle of Wight Gloss. 64 The game of Skittles is also altered from nine pins to four, and is called * Four Corners'. e. The history of the Four Kings (see quot.). 1760 Foote Minor 1. Wks. 1799 I. 241 Come, shall we have a dip in the history of the Four Kings this morning? 1894 Brewer Diet. Phrase 8p Fable s. v., The History of the Four Kings (Livre des Quatre Rois), a pack of cards. 2 . With ellipsis of sb., which may usually be supplied from context. + Fourfor four : in fours. c 1205 Lay. 4046 Feowere here weren riche pe haueden ferden muchele. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 938 pe aungelez.. enforsed alle fawre forth at pe 3atez. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 201 Syne four for four togidder than tha fuir, And sone all aucht. 1611 Bible 2 Sam. xxi. 22 These foure .. fell by the hand of Dauid. a 1699 Lady Halkett Autobiog. (1875) 53 All Fowre were in the place apointed. b. with omission of hours , as four o'clock. 1575 Laneham Let. (1871) 32 (Az vnhappy it waz for the bride) that cam thither too soon, (and yet waz it a four a clok). 1727 Swift To Earl of Oxford Wks. 1755 III. 11.44, I shall think of that no more, If you’ll be sure to come at four. 1875 Jevons Money { 1878) 266 The bustle and tur¬ moil of the work grow to a climax at four o’clock. c. with omission of horses. 1815 L. Simond Tour Gt. Brit. I. 3 An elegant post-chaise and four stopped at the door. 1858 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 363 As pleasant as a barouche and four. f d. In phrases On (upon, of) all four (sc. feet or limbs) ; also on or upon four. Ohs.; now on All-fours. 13.. E. E. A llit. P. B. 1683 He fares forth on alle faure. 1430-40 Lydg. Bochas 1. ix. 37 What thyng. .Goth fyrst on foure, or els gothe he nought ? 1470-85 Malory A rthur 11. xviii, Thenne balan yede on al four feet and handes and put of the helme of his broder. 1611 Bible Lev. xi. 20 All foules that creepe, going vpon all foure, sbalbe an abomina¬ tion vnto you. 1641 Marmion Antiquary 1. in Hazl. Dodsley XIII. 431 You’ll hardly find .. beast that trots sound of all four: There will be some defect. 1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. (1669) 157 [Babies] will crawl stark naked of all four about the House and into the fields. 1699 Bentley Phal. 128 What a sorry cripled Argument’s here, even lame upon all four? 1712 Arbuthnot John Bull 11. iv, I would crawl upon all four to serve you. [1719 De Foe Crusoe 211, I was oblig’d to creep upon all Fours.] 1722 Lett, from Mist's Jml. I. 294 An old black Horse, that can scarce crawl upon Four. 3 . Coupled with a higher cardinal or ordinal numeral following, so as to form a compound (cardinal or ordinal) numeral. c 1205 Lay. 2092 [Brutus] haefde pis lond fower and twenti winter on his hond. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xii. xi. (1495) 421 Amonge foules oonly the rauen hath fowre and syxty chaungynges of voyce. 1579 Fulke Heskins ’ Pari. 416 The foure and thirtieth Chapter sheweth thevse of the Masse. 1818 Scott Heart Midi, viii, My breath is growing as scant as a broken-winded piper’s when he has played for four-and-twenty hours at a penny wedding. B. as sb. 1 . The abstract number four. a 1300 Cursor M. 21748 O four and thre qua tels euen. He sal pe numbre mak o seuen. 1398 Trevisa Barth. DeP. R. xix. cxviii. (1495) 921 One doo to thre makyth foure. 1837 Whewell Hist. Induct. Sc. (1857) L 47 Four, .was held to be the most perfect number. 2 . A set of four persons or things: esp. a. A card, domino, or the side of a die marked with four pips or spots; a throw of the die by which the 4 four * comes uppermost, b. Card-playing {Poker). A set of four cards of the same value, c. A four- oared boat or a crew of four oarsmen. Fours, races for four-oared boats, d. Cricket, etc. A hit for which four runs are scored, e. pi. (See quot. 1888.) Also in fours (formerly + in fours and fours), arranged in groups of four; spec . in Biblio¬ graphy used to indicate the number of leaves in a sheet or gathering. a. 1599 Minsheu Sp. Diet ., Dial. iii. 26 R. I did lift an Ace.— L. I a foure. 1674 Cotton Gamester vi. 80 The Deuces, Treys, Fours, and Fives. 1728 Swift Jrnl. Mod. Lady Wks. 1755 III. 11. 196 When lady Tricksey play’d a four You took it with a mattadore. 1870 Hardy & Ware Mod. Hoyle 81 Suppose your hand consists of a four, five, and six of spades. b. 1883 Lo)igm. Mag. Sept. 499 Fours, or four [cards] of a kind. 1894 M askelyne Sharps <5- Flats 84 If he had been so fortunate as to possess another ace among the cards.. he would have a ‘ four ’. C. 1861 Dickens Gt. Expect, liv, A Four and two sitters .. up with one tide and down with another. 1891 Outdoor Games $ Recreat. 137 He must graduate through his college fours, and Torpid races. Ibid. 144 The ‘ Coxswainless Fours These ‘ Fours ’.. are inter-collegiate races. d. 1836 in ‘ Bat ’ Cricketer's Man, (1850) 100 Threes, fours, and fives appear as easy for him to get. 1894 A. Lang Bati 4- Arriere Ba 7 i 67 When Oxford’s howling always goes For 4 fours’, for ever to the Cords. e. 1488 in Ld. Treas. Acc. Scott. I. 84 Item, a frete of the Quenis oure set with grete perle sett in fouris and fouris. 1888 Jacobi Printers' Voc ., Fours , a familiar term used by compositors for ‘quarto’. 1890 H. O. Sommer Malory's Arthur II. Introd. 9 The first part has signatures A to Z .. in fours. 3 . Short for, a. four-shilling beer (see quot).; b. four-pennyworth (of spirits) ; c. (pi.) four-per¬ cents. a. 1633 W. R. Match at Midn. n. in Hazl. Dodsley XIII. 43 Tim. What is't, brother? Four or six? Capt. Four or six ! ’tis rich Canary... Tim. . . Now I think on't, a cup of this is better than our four-shilling beer at home. b. 1869 E. Yates Wrecked in Port xxii. 241 ‘ Fours ’ of rum, and ‘ sixes ’ of brandy. 1876 Besant & Rice Gold. Butterfly i. 20 The girl, .set before him a ‘ four ’of brandy and the cold water. C. 1887 Daily News 15 Nov. 5/6 Fully-paid-up stock,.in exchange for the converted Fours and Four-and-a-Halfs. C. attrib. and Comb. 1 . a. Combined with sbs. forming adjs., as four- acre, -button, - gallon, -gun, -line, -story, -year-old. 1868 Gladstone Juv. Mundi xi. (1870) 420 A *four-acre field. 1896 Daily Nezvs 2 July 8/7 White kids sewn with black .. as well as lavender, chiefly in *four-button length. 1879 Miss Bird Rocky Mount. I. 264, I told him to fill up the *four-gallon kettle. 1862 Latham Channel Isl. iii. xvii. (ed. 2) 400 A *four-gun cutter. 1827 Gentl. Mag. XCVII. 11. 501 Underneath this a stave or *four-line verse. 1888 A. K. Green Behind Closed Doors vi, A *four-story brick building. 1832 Lytton Eugene A. 1. v, The *four-year-old mutton, .affecting the shape and assuming the adjuncts of venison. 185s T ennyson Brook 137 ‘ That [colt] was the four-year old I sold the Squire.’ b. In parasynthetic adjs. with suffix -ed 2 , as four- barrelled , - chambered, -columned , -decked, -faced , -fingered, -headed, -legged , - lettered , -lined, -roomed\ -sided, -s?ioutcd, -spmed, -stranded, -stringed, -tined, -toed. 1881 Times 15 Jan. 5/6 A high power of firing for a ^four- barrelled gun. 1870 Cillmore Reptiles Birds Introd. 2 The heart is *four-chambered, transmitting venous blood to the lungs. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 386 We are now poring over all the nothings in a *four-columned news¬ paper. 1833 Marryat P. Simple xxxv, Nothing would suit Nelson hut this *four-decked ship. 1878 Gurney Crystallogr. 86 A cube with a low four-sided pyramid on each face..is sometimes called a *four-faced cube. 1802 Bingley Anim. Biog. (1813) I. 89 The *four-fingered mon¬ key. 1864 Pusey Led. Daniel ii. 75 The *four-headed creatures in Ezekiel’s vision. 1663 Butler Hud. 1. i. 402 To guard the magazine i’ th’ hose From two-legg’d and from *four-legg’d foes. 1778 Hutton in Phil. Trans. LXVIII. 57 The whole being supported by a four-legged stand. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xi, Louise .. calling her little four-legged companion, had eagerly followed in the path. 1652 H. C. Looking-Glasse for Ladies 4 That *four- letter’dname, rare and Divine. 1831 Southey Lett.(1856) IV. 214 The poem, .is in*four-lined stanzas. 1890 Boldrewood Col. Reformer (1891) 234 A new *four-roomed cottage. 1669 FOUR. 497 FOURFOLD. StUrmy Mariners Mag. i. 26 Of *four-sided Figures. 1647 R. Stapylton Juvenal v. 55 Thou drain'st a foule Tour¬ snouted glasse, that's call’d The Beneventine Cobler. 1836 Yarrell Brit. Fishes I. 83 The *four-spined Stickleback. 1769 Falconer Diet . Marine (1789) U u iij, The middle strand of a *four-stranded rope. 1742 Berkeley Let. to Geryais in Fraser Life viii. (1871) 284 The instrument she desired to be provided was a large *four-stringed bass violin. 1765 Univ. Mag. XXXVII. 33/1 A ^four-tined fork. 1872 Baker Nile Trihut. ii. 27 The first time I saw the peculiar *four-toed print of the hippopotamus’s foot. c. In parasynthetic sbs. with suffix -ER 1 , as four- boater, - decker, - master, -year-older. 1889 Century Diet..* Four-boater, a. whaling-ship carry¬ ing four boats on the cranes. 1833 Marryat P. Simple xxxv, She was a *four-decker. 1826 Disraeli Viv. Grey 1. vii, Any stray *four-year-older not yet sent to bed. d. In advb. sense ( = in four parts) with pa. pples., as four-cleft, -parted adjs. 1793 Martyn Lang. Bot ., * Four-cleft leaf. Folium quadri- fidum. 1846 Dana Zooph. 1848) 139 Mouth prominent, four-cleft within, a 1619 Fotherby Atheom. 11. vii. § 3 (1622) 264 The *foure-parted Image. 1793 Martyn Lang. Bot., Four-parted leaf. Folium quadrij>artitum. 2 . Special comb.: four-ale, ale sold at four- pence a quart; four-cant (see quot.; cf. foar- strand ); four-centred arch (Arch.), one described from four centres ; f four-corner a. = next; four- cornered a., having four corners, square ; four cornered cap , a college cap or 'square’. Hence four-corner wise adv., so as to form four corners; four-coupled a., having four coupled wheels; four-course (. Agric .), a four years’ course or series of crops in rotation (in quots. attrib. ; see Course sb. 23); four-crossway(s, the place where two roads cross or four roads meet ; • four-dimen¬ sional a. (Math.), of or belonging to a fourth dimension ; four-dimensioned a., having four dimensions ; + four-double = Fourfold a. 1; t four-eared a. fig., twofold ; four-eyes, (a) see quot. 1755; (b) the name of a fish (see quot. 1879) > (0 slang (see quot. 1874); f four-fallow v., to fallow fourfold; four-field course (Agric.), a series of crops grown in four fields in rotation ; four figures, i. e. an amount of one thousand pounds or over (whence four figured adj., that sells for four figures) ; four-foil (Arch.), a quatrefoil; four-foot (way), the space (really 4 ft. 8| in.) between the rails on which the train runs; four-half (slang), half ale, half porter, at four- pence a quart; four-horse, four-horsed adjs., that is drawn by four horses; four-hours Sc., a light refreshment taken about four o’clock ; also t four hours penny (see quot. 1651) ; four-inch a., that measures four inches, also ellipt. = {o\\T inch rqpe ; f four-inched a., four inches wide ; four- lane-end(s dial., = four-crossways ; + four-mil- lioneer, one who is worth four millions of money; four-nooked a., four-cornered (obs. exc. dial.) ; four-oar, a boat rowed with four oars; four-oared a., propelled by four oars or oarsmen ; also absol. ( = four-oared boat); four-part a. (Music), com¬ posed for four parts or voices; four-post, -posted adjs., (of a bedstead) having four posts (to support a canopy and curtains); four-poster, a four-posted bedstead; four-pounder, (a) a gun to carry a four-pound shot; (b) a loaf four pounds in weight; four-rowed, (of barley) having four rows of awns; four-shilling a., that costs four shillings (in quot., + of beer, 4 s. the barrel) ; four-strand, (of a rope) having four strands; four-tailed band¬ age (see quot.) ; four thieves* vinegar (see quot.) ; four-tooth (see quot.); four-way(s = four-crossways ; four-way a. (in four-way cock or valve), having communication with four pipes; four-winged a., having four wings or wing-like appendages ; four-wings (see quot.). 1883 Daily News 8 Sept. 3/1 Nearly every man seemed to order nothing more mischievous than ‘ half-a-pint of Tour ale*. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk., * Four-cant, a rope composed of four strands. 1812-16 J. Smith Panorama Sc. 4* Art I. 154 Its arch is very often *four-centred, which at once decides its date. 1640-1 Ld. J. Digby Sp. in Ho. Com. 9 Feb. 9 The Lawne sleeves, the Toure corner Cap, the Cope, c 1440 Pro77ip. Parv. 175/2 *Fowre corneryd, quadrangulus. 15.. in Strype Parker App. (1711) No. 40 Every Hedde of College .. to weare when they goo abrode, longe Gownes .. and square or four cornered Capps. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 11. xv, It [the idol] had. .a mouth extended four-cornered, like that of a lion. 1823 Scott Let. to Ld. Montagu 18 June in Lockhart, Think of a vile four cor¬ nered house with plantations laid out in scollops. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts 509 The common kind of this moustrap is made of wood, long, and Toure cornerwise. 1889 Daily Nevus 21 June 6/3 A Tour coupled engine drew an excursion train of 13 vehicles. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 245 By what is termed the *four- course shift, having equal proportions of fallow, barley, clover, peas or beans, and wheat in each year. 1894 Scrivener Fields Cities 28 This ‘ Four-Course’ system, as it is called, produces five entirely different plants, namely, turnips, barley, beans, clover, and wheat, [a 1490 Botoner I tin. (1778) 176 At the crosse yn Baldwyne strete been *1111 crosse wayes metyng.] 1647 W. Browne Pole.xander 1. 48 VOL. IV. He came to a foure crosse way. 1842 P. Parley's Ann. III. 288 Do you mean, .that your husband was buried in a four- cross ways ? He must then have killed himself. 1886 Myers Phantasms of Living II. 314 *Four-dimensional space (if that exists). 1880 Daily News 20 Oct. 5/1 The unfamiliarity of a debut in this world to a spirit more at home in Tour- dimensioned space. 1527 Andrew Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters Aij, With a *foure dowble clowte, or with hempen towe steped in the same .. do as ye dyde before twyse or thryse a daye. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 249/2 Wet therin a fourdubble cloth, and applye him theron. 1704 Lotid. Gas. No. 3990/4 A small Gold Chain 4 double fastened to the Watch. 1600 E. Blount Hosp. hicurable Fooles 62 A ridiculous and *foure-eared foole. 1614 Breton I would $ I would 7 iot lxxxii. Wks. (Grosart) I. 10 ,1 would I were the gallanst Courtizan, That euer put a four-Ear’de Asse to schoole. 1755 Amory Mem. (1769) I. 199 Some people have named this bird [the golden eye] the Tour- eyes. 1874 Sla 7 ig Diet., Four eyes, a man or woman who habitually wears spectacles. 1879 Boddam-Whetham Rorai)na 130 The little fish known as ‘Four Eyes’, Anableps Tetraophthabnus. 1577 B. Googe Iteresbac/is Husb. (1586) 22 b, You must not only twyfallow and threefallow your ground, but also Tourfallow it. 1842 Tennyson Audley Court 33 We .. discuss’d the farm, The Tour-field system, and the price of grain. 1844 Jr 7 il. R. Agric. Soc. V. 1. 162 It is usually cropped on the four-field or Norfolk course. 1893 Pall Mall G. 12 Jan. 3/2 The two best yearlings sold for Tour figures. 1895 Daily News 7 Jan. 3/4 The total amount of capital invested in these *‘ four-figured ’. .animals, i860 Ruskin Mod. Pavit. V. vi. iv. 29 The normal of * four-foils is therefore [etc.]. 1896 Daily News 9 Mar. 5/5 The body of the lady, who was lying in the *four-foot. 1884 Punch 29 Nov. 257/1 Drinks anything stronger or dearer than ** four-half ’. 1765 A. Dick¬ son Treat. Agric. 11. fed. 2) 254 In a Tour-horse plough yoked in pairs. 1842 Dickens Afner. Notes (1850) qi/i The mail takes the lead in a four-horse wagon. 1382 YVyclif Isa. Ixvi. 15 The Lord in fyr shal come, and as a whirlewynd his *foure horsid carres. 1887 Bowen Virg. ZEneidv\. 587 Borne on his four-horsed chariot .. Over the Danaan land. 1637 Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. 243 We think all is but a little earnest, a *four-hours, a small tasting, that we have, .in this life, a 1651 Calderwood Hist. Kirk (1843) II. 125 When the craftsmen were required to assemble .. they went to their foure houres pennie. Note, The name of the after¬ noon refreshment of ale [etc.], .taken at four o’clock. 1870 Ramsay Re 7 nin. v. (ed. 18) 118 When I get my four hours, that will refresh me. 1858 Gi.enny Gard. Every-day Bk. 254/1 Seedlings .. must be pricked off into Tour-inch pots. 1840 Marryat Poor Jack xii, Here's a good long piece of *four-inch. 1605 Shaks. Lear in. iv. 57 To ride .. ouer *foure incht Bridges. 1787 Pegge in Archseol. VIII. 203 He being also anathematized, was interred at a Tour-lane- end without the city. 1666-7 Denham Direct. Paint. 11 . ix. 14 Find out the Cheats of the Tour Millioneer. c 1205 Lay. 21999 *Feower noked he is and her inne is feower kunnes fisc. 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 286 The mone beand in opposition, quhen it is maist round, apperit suddanly as it war foure nukit. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Fonr- neuk'd, square or four-cornered. 1844 Ld. Malmesbury Mem. (1884) I. 154 We then returned home in the Tour-oar. 1685 Loud. Gas. No. 2023/4 A six Oared Barge, .and a Tour Oared Boat. 1861 Dickens Gt. Expect, liv, If we had seen a four-oared galley going up with the tide. 1870 Dasf.nt Eve 7 itful Life I. 141 Leaving the boat-hook of a four-oared, which I steered. 1664 Pepys Diary (1879) III. 79 We sung .. Ravenscroft’s *4-part psalms. 1890 E. Prout Counter¬ point 143 Four-part counterpoint. 1818 M. G. Lewis Jrnl. W. Did. (1834) no, I saw none without a Tour-post bedstead and plenty of bedclothes. 1823 Byron Juan vi. xxv, Beds, *Four-posted and silk curtain'd. 1856 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 285, I expect to sleep in my great com¬ fortable four-posted bed. 1836-9 Dickens Sk. Bos (1850) 265/2 His small French bedstead was converted into a regular matrimonial * four-poster. 1684 J. Peter Siege Viemia 109 *Four Pounders. 1854 Mrs. Gaskell North <$• S. xvii, I ha’ gone and bought a four-pounder out o’ another baker’s shop to common on such days. 1876 Bancroft Hist. U. S. IV. xxv. 573 It was boarded by the provincials, who carried off four four-pounders and twelve swivels. 1882 J. Hardy in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club IX. No. 3. 444 It might have been once used for husking big, or Tour-rowed barley. 1633 [see B. 3 a] *Four-shilling beer. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s. v. Ropes, * Four-strand is .. laid with four strands, and a core scarcely twisted. 1844 Hoblyn Med. Diet. (ed. 2), * Four-tailed ba 7 idage. a bandage for the forehead, face and jaws. 1868 Paxton's Bot. Diet., *Four thieves' vinegar, a preparation from Ros) 7 iarinus offi¬ cinalis. 1793-1813 Agric. Surv. Dorset 8 (E. D. S.), * Four- tooth, a two-year-old sheep. 1598 Florio, Quad 7 duio , a Tower-way, a way that hath fower turnings, a place where fower waies meete. 1891 H. Haliburton Ochil Idylls 72 Peasants flock in from the fields to the four-ways. 1824 R. Stuart Hist. Steain Engvie 161A considerable improvement I on the Tourway-cock. 1841 Brf.es Gloss. Civ. Engin., Four¬ way Cock, .a description of valve, .for passing the steam to the cylinder; it was invented by Leopold in about the year 1720. **1711 Ken Urania Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 457 She’ll strive to soar as high, As Tour-wing'd Seraphs fly. c 1755 Garden in Phil. Trans. LI. 931 They are followed by pretty large four-winged fruit. 1878 Bell Gege 7 ibaur sComp. Anat. 248 In the other four-winged orders. 1889 Century Diet., * Four-wings, a name of the goatsuckers or night-jars of the genera Macrodipteryx and Cosmetormis, in which some of the flight-feathers are so much elongated that the birds seem to have four wings. + Fourb(e, sb. Obs. Also 7 fowrb. [a. F. fourbe masc. and fem. (two distinct words), f . four- bir to Furbish, taken in fig. sense. Cf. Fob ri.t] 1 . A cheat, an impostor. 1668 Denham Passion of Dido 107 Thou art a false Im¬ postor and a Fourbe. 1680 C. Blount Philostratus 43, I have never met with greater Fourbs than those Quaking Saints. 1736 Carte Ormonde II. 273 He was a fourbe in his politicks .. and thought to be a secret convert to the Roman Catholick Religion. 1761 W. Sandby Port. Inquis. 17 (Stanf.) The various tricks put in practice by this notable Fourbe, to introduce the Inquisition. 2 . A trick, an imposture. 1654 tr * Scudery's Curia Pol. 133 Many Polititians yeeld and perswade,. that, .fraud and fowrbs are commendable and innocent instruments. 1691 Baxter Cert, of Worlds of Spirits 89, I began to suspect a Fourbe. t Fourb(6, v. Obs . [a. F . fourber, f. fourbe : see prec.] trans. To cheat, impose upon, trick. 1654 Nicholas Papers (Camden) II. 122 Lord Jermyn hath lustily fourbed the Queene of all her jewells. X713 Gentl. Instr. (ed. 5) 244, I ask then, how those who fourb’d others become Dupes to their own contrivance? t Fou'rbery. Obs. Also 7 furbery. [ad. F. fourberie, f. fourber : see prec.j A piece of decep¬ tion ; a fraud, trick, imposture. 1642 Howell For. Trav. (Arb.>43 Young Travellers must be cautious, .to avoydone kind of Furbery or cheat, where- unto many are subiect. 1690 Seer. Hist. Chas. II Jos. II, Pref. Aij b, Let all the world judg of the Furberies and Tyranny of those times. 1737 Fielding Hist. Reg. in. Wks. 1882 X. 232 This, sir, I think is a very pretty Pantomime trick, and an ingenious burlesque on all the fourberies which the great Lun has exhibited in all his entertainments. [1856 Smyth Catal. Romaii Fainily Coins 165 Alessandro had a strong vein of fourberie in ancient matters.] Fourbour, var. of Furber Obs . Fourbusher: see Furbisher. + Fourch e, v- Obs . [a. F. fourcher to fork, {.fourche fork.] 1 . intr. =Forkz>. ; spec, of a hart: see quot. Hence Fourched ppl. a., forked. c 1320 Sir Tristr. 503 pe rauen he 3aue his ^iftes Sat on pe fourched tre, On rowe. 1413-22 Venery de Twety in Rel. A7it. I. 151 Alleway we calle [a hart one] of the fyrst hed tyl that he be of x. of the lasse. And fyrst whan an hert hath fourched, and then auntlere ryall, and surryall, and forched on the one syde, and troched on that other syde, than is he an hert of x. and of the more, i486 Bk. St. A Ibans E j b, And that in the toppe so when ye may hym keen Then shall ye call hym forchyd an hert of tenne. 2 . Law : see Fourcher. 1613 Sir H. Finch Law (1636) 429 The PI’and Def. if they list, may fourch infinitely by the common Law. Fourche, earlier form of Fouch, Obs. Fourche, var. f. of Forche, Obs., gallows. Fourch4(e (farjV), a. Her. [a. F. fourchte : see Forche a.] = Forche a. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), s.v., A Cross fourche, is a Cross forked at each end. 1864 Boutell Her. Hist. 4- Pop. xviii. § 1 (ed. 3) 288 A lion rampt. arg., the tail fourchee. || Fou rcher. Law. Obs. [Law F. fourcher : see Fourch(e v.] A mode of delay practised by two defendants in a suit, and consisting in their appearing (or being essoined) alternately instead of together. 1602 Les Ternnes de la Ley 166 Fourcher is a deuice vsed to delay the plaintife or demaundant in a suite against two. Fourchette (fuifet). [a. F. fourchette, dim. of fourche : see Fork sb .] A fork ; something forked or resembling a fork. a. Anat. (See quot.) 1754-64 Smellie Midwif. I. 93 The Fraenum or Four¬ chette, which bounds the inferior part of the Fossa magna and os externum. 1844 Hoblyn Diet. Med. (ed. 2), Four¬ chette .. the thin commissure, by which the labia majora of the pudendum unite together. b. Surg. A forked instrument formerly used to divide the frsenum of the tongue when short (Syd. Soc. Lex . 1885.) 1854 in Mayne Expos. Lex. c. Ornith. The furcula of a bird. 1854 in Mayne Expos. Lex. 1862 J. Smith Newer Plioc. Geol. 14 A marine deposit, containing the bones of. .sea-fowl. Foot-n. The fourchette of a diver. t Fourd, v. Obs. rare — l . [Aphetic var. of Afford.] trans. To supply, Afford. 1581 Disc. C 07717 H. Weal E7ig. (1893) 66 He could not fourde his paper as good cheape as that came from beyonde the seaze. f Fourdrye, v. Obs. rare— 1 . [? Corruptly ad. OF . fouldrit , foudroyt, struck by lightning.] 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour E iiij b, So were the seuen cytees brenned and fourdryed in stynkyng sulphure. Fourfold (foQ'jffiuld), a., adv., and sb. [f. Four + -FOLD.] A. adj. 1 . Consisting of four things; made up of four parts. c 1275 Lay. 1356 To pan lond hii verden pare hii leof folk funden fouruald ferde. a 1^00 Cursor M. 28974 Chastiyng o flexs foure fald to tak, In praier, fasting, wand, and wak. 1660 Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. ix. 70 A four-fold Ad¬ vantage. 1823 H. J. Brooke Dit7‘od. Crystallogr. 58 A four-fold cleavage, or one in four directions, will produce a tetrahedron. 1838 Thirlwall Greece II. xi. 4 The four¬ fold distribution of the country is the foundation of another tradition. 1877 A. B. Edwards Up Nile xii. 341 The four¬ fold surroundings of Philae—the cataract, the river, the desert, the environing mountains. 2 . Four times as great or numerous; quadruple. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xix. 8 Gif ic aeni^ne bereafode ic hit be feowerfealdum agyfe. 1557 Recorde Whetst. B ij, Quad- rupla. 4 to 1 : 8 to 2.. Fowerfolde. a 1650 May OldCouple iv. i, 2nd Neigh. All happiness betide you. 3rd Neigh. And a reward four-fold in th' other world. 3 . Comb., as fourfold-visaged adj. 1667 Milton P. L. vi. 845 Nor less on either side tempes¬ tuous fell, His arrows, from the fourfold-visag’d foure. B. adv. In fourfold proportion. 1535 Coverdale 2 Sai7i. xii. 6 The shepe also shal he make good foure folde. 1873 B. Stewart Couserv. E7iergy i. 14 Its 63 FOUR-FOOT. 498 FOUR-SQUARE. enetrating power is increased nearly fourfold. 1875 crivener Lect. Text N. Test. 7 [They] amount to at least fourfold that quantity. C. sb. A fourfold amount. + Also spec, in U S., ( A quadruple assessment for neglect to make return of taxable estate *; hence Fourfold v., ‘ to assess in a fourfold ratio * (Webster Compend. Diet . 1806). c 1380 Wyci.if Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 209 V have ought bigiled ony Y }elde a^en pe forefold. 1611 Bible Luke xix. 8, I restore him foure fold. 1779 Vermont St. Papers (1823) 296 The listers shall add the sum total of such addi¬ tions and four-folds, to the sum total before mentioned. Pour-foot, a . Obs . exc. poet. [f. Four a. + Foot s A] = Four-footed. p 893 K. Alfred Oros. n. iv. § 3 ^Elces cynnes feovver- fetes feos an. c 900 tr. Beeda's Hist. iv. xxx. [xxix.] (1891) 374 He.. nales 5 set aan fe 5 erfotra neata .. Sone teo 5 an dael . .sealde.] c 1300 CursorM. 19848 (Edin.) Alle fourfote bestis sa} he bune. 1732 Swift Beasts' Confess. 201 For libelling the four-foot race. 1864 Swinburne Atalanta 149 Yea, lest they smite us with some four-foot plague. Four-foo ted, a. [f. Four a. + Foot sb. + -ED 2 .] Having four feet, quadruped. £•1175 Lamb. Horn. 43 Innan pan hke sea weren un- aneomned deor summe fe 5 er fotetd. a 1300 Cursor M. 19848 All four foted bestes sagh he bun. 1553 Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 19 Foure footed beastes. 1714 Berkeley Serm. Wks. 1871 IV. 606 Birds and fourfooted beasts. 1887 Sir R. H. Roberts In the Shires ix. 150 Many a four- footed friend, .would eat from no hand but mine. b. Of or pertaining to four-footed animals. a 1682 Sir T. Brownf. Chr. Alor. iii. § 14 Expose not thyself by four-footed manners unto monstrous draughts, and cari- catura representations. 1698 Dryden Ovids Metam. Fables (1700)435 Whose Art in vain From Fight dissuaded the four-footed Train. 1840 Hood Kilmansegg, Her Accident vi, The Maid rides first in the fourfooted strife. c. qua.si-adv. On four feet. 1718 Prior Knoivledge 631 All the living that four-footed move Along the shore, the meadow, or the grove. II Fourgon (fwrgon). [a. F .fourgon] A bag¬ gage-wagon, a luggage-van. 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair Ixii, Lord Bareacres’ chariot, Britska, and fourgon, that any body might pay for who liked. 1866 Mrs. H. Wood St. Martin's Eve xxv. (1874) 309 Your wedding-dress is come, with lots more things, nearly a four¬ gon full, Louise says. 1884 Health ExJiib. Catal. p. xxxix, Fourgons containing the equipment of Hospital Corps. Four-handed, a. 1 . Having four feet which resemble the hands of a man ; quadrumanous. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) IV. 249 Animals of the monkey kind.. From this general description of four-handed animals, we perceive what [etc.]. 1833 Tennyson Poems 3 When, in the darkness over me, The fourhanded mole shall scrape. 1846 Owen Brit. Fossil Mammals <5- Birds 3 Arboreal Mammalia of the four-handed order. 2 . Suitable for four persons. Also, rarely , of a piece of pianoforte music : Adapted for four hands (Fr. a quatre mains), i.e. two players; a duet. 1824 Miss Mitford Village Ser. 1. (1863) 217 If we could both have won—if it had been four-handed cribbage, and she my partner. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop xxix, We’ll make a four-handed game of it, and take in Groves. 1885 Pall Mall G. 20 Mar. 5/2 Among those who are wedded to their first love of normal chess, the four-handed game does not gain much favour. +Four-h.erned,tf. Obs. rare- 1 . In 3 -huyrned. [f. Four + Hern corner + -ed -.] Four-cornered. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 416/462 po hiet he is desciples pat huy ane put four-huyrned him made. + Fou’rhood. Obs. rare. In 5 -hede. [f. Four + -HEAD, -HOOD.] c 1400 tr. Secreta Secret ., Gov. Lordsh. (E. E. T. S.) 109 Yn ffourhede er oon, two, thre, and ffoure, and if pou geder hem to-gedre f?ey make tene; pe nombre of ten ys pe per- feccion of hem pat enbracen ffourhede. Fourierism fib-rieriz’m). [in F. FourUrisme, f. the name Fourier: see -ISM.] A system in¬ vented by the French socialist Charles Fourier for the re-organization of society ; phalansterianism. 1841-4 Emerson Ess., Nom. <$■ Real Wks. (Bohn) I. 251 Mesmerism . .Fourierism, and the Millennial Church .. are poor pretensions enough, but good criticism on the science, philosophy, and preaching of the day. 1864 R. Chambers Bk. Days 7 Apr. 486/1 Fourierism found many adherents in France and the United States. Fourierist (firi'rierist). [f. as prec. + -1ST.] An adherent of the system of Fourierism. 1843 Emerson Let. in Atlantic Monthly (1892) May 581 He thinks himself sure of W. H. Channing as a good Fourierist. 1856 Lever Martins of Cro’ M. 386, I was pitched out into the gutter..and I got up a Radical, a Democrat, a Fourierist. 2 . attrib. or adj. Of the Fourierists ; Fourieristic. 1870 Athenaeum 5 Feb. 187 The Fourierist communities were, with one or two exceptions, equally short-lived. Hence Fourieristic a., of or pertaining to the Fourierists or to Fourierism. 1883 R. T. Ely Fr. <5* Ger. Socialism 102 All the strictly Fourieristic experiments tried in France thus far have failed. Fou’rierite [See -ite.] = Fourierist. 1844 Mary Hennell Soc. Syst. 209 The Fourierites have spread themselves, .widely through France. attrib. or adj. 1850 Longf. in Life (1891) II. 175 L— at me again to edit his book on Fourierite Analogies ! Four-in-hand. 1 . A vehicle with four horses driven by one person. 1793 European Mag. XXIII. 46 Swift thro’ Hyde Park I drive my four-in-hand. 1825 Disraeli in Smiles Life J. Murray (1891) II. xxvi. 188 The four-in-hands of the York¬ shire squires. 1842 Tennyson Walking to Mail 103 As quaint a four-in-hand As you shall see—three pyebalds and a roan. fig. 1837 Longf. in Life( 1891) I. 277 This four-in-hand of outlandish animals [the foreign instructors at Harvard College], all pulling the wrong way, except one. 2 . quasi-adv. With a four-in-hand. 1812 Combf. (Dr. Syntax) Pictui'esquexx. 145 Thus off they went, and, four-in-hand, Dash’d briskly tow’rdsthe promis’d land. 1871 M. Collins Mrq. <$■ Merch. II. ix. 276 He drives them down four-in-hand. 3 . attrib. and Comb., as four-in-hand club, - driver, •driving: four-in-hand tie, a kind of neck-tie. 1849 E. E. Napier Excurs. S. Africa I. 169 A style that completely outdoes the .. most renowned members of the Four in hand ’ Club at home. 1877 M. M. Grant Sun- Maid \\, He considered himself equal to the best whip in the Four-in-Hand Club. 1812 Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 153 Flash *Four-in-Hand and Donkey drivers. 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair x, Boxing, rat-hunting .. and "four in hand driving were then the fashion of our British aristocracy. 1892 Pall Mall G. 11 Oct. 7/2 You do not need, .slippers, nor *four-in- hand ties. b. quasi-«f£/. 1799 Han. More Fern. Educ. (ed. 4) I. 75 The intrepid female, the hoyden .. the swinging arms, the confident ad¬ dress, the regimental, and the four-in-hand. 1807-8 W. Irving Salmag. iii. (1811) 41 It is excessively pleasant to hear a couple of these four-in-hand gentlemen retail their exploits over a bottle. 1856 Whyte Melville Kate Cov. xx, The tobacco-smoking, four-in-hand Miss Coventry. Four-leaved, a. [f. Four + Leaf + -ed^.] Having four leaves. 1793 Martyn Lang. Bot., Four-leaved tendril. 1839 Lover Four-leaved Shamrock 1 I’ll seek a four-leaved shamrock in all the fairy dells. 1847 Longf. Ev. 1. iii. 19 The marvellous powers of four-leaved clover. b. Four-leaved grass-. + a. a four-leaved variety of Trifolium repens ; b. the plant Paris quadrifolia. c 1450 A lphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 152/1 Qurtdrafolium , fowr- leuedgras. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 1029 The other is called Lotus quadrifolia , or fower leafed Grasse, or purple Woort. 1640 Parkinson The at. Bot. 1112 Quadrifolium fnscum. Fower leafed or purple grass. 1863 Prior Plant-n. 86 Four leaved grass, .the Herb Trulove, Paris quadrifolia. Fourling (fosuliq). [f. Four sb. + -ling.] 1 . ‘ One of four children born at the same time ’ (Ogilvie 1855 anc l mod. Diets.). 2 . Min. A twin crystal made up of four inde¬ pendent individuals {Cent. DictI). t F0U‘rment. Obs. rare. [a. Y .fourment, 16th c. var. of froment, ad. L. frumentum] Corn ; rendering L. frumenlum. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 557 Of all graine, there are two principall kinds, .first Fourment, containing vnder it wheat and Barley, and such like : secondly, Pulse. t Fourneau. Mil. Obs. [a. Y. fourneau, lit. oven, OF. forncl late L. type furnellus, dim. of furnus (F. four) oven.] = Fornello. 1678 tr. Gaya's Arms of lVar 56 Blowing up the Bastions of a Place besieged, by means of Mines and Fourneaus. •f Fourneil. Obs. rare— *. [a. OF. forncl fur¬ nace, kiln : see Fourneau.] A kiln. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 195 b/2 As I wente .. after one of my sowes I fonde a fourneil of lyme meruelously grete. tFournie. Obs. 1548 Privy Council Acts ( 1890) II. 174 Fournies for car- touches, v.. .canvas for cartouches, 1 elles. Fournymente, var. oIFurniment. Obs. Four o’clock. 1 . (More fully four o'clock flowerl) A name for the plant Mirabilis Jalapa or Marvel of Peru. 1756 P. Browne Jamaica 166 Jalap or Four-o-clock- flower. 1794 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xvi. 211 In the west Indian Islands, where it [Marvel of Peru] is very common, they call it four o’clock flower. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. iv, Here also .. various brilliant annuals, such as marigolds, petunias, four-o’clocks, found an indulgent corner. 1882 J. Smith Diet. Plants 269 Marvel of Peru (Mirabilis Jalapa) .. This and M. longlfl ora are handsome garden plants, opening their pretty tube-like flowers .. in the after¬ noon, hence called Four o’clock-flower. 2 . The Australian friar-bird, Philemon cornicu- latus , so called from its cry. 1848 J. Gould Birds Austral. IV. Descr. pi. 58, Tropido- rhynchus Corniculatus. Friar Bird. From the fancied resemblance of its notes to those words, it has obtained from the Colonists the various names of.. 1 Four o’clock etc. 3 . A seed-head of the dandelion. Cf. one 6 *clock. 1883 Talmage in Chr. Globe 13 Sept. 819/1 The band that had plucked four o’clocks in the meadow. 4 . A light meal taken by workmen about four o’clock in the afternoon. 1825 Jamieson Supp. s.v. Four-hours , A slight refresh¬ ment taken by workmen in Birmingham is called a four o’clock. 1841 Hartshorne Salop. Antiq. 432 Four o'clock, a lunch or bait taken by labourers at this hour in the harvest. 1881 Oxf. Gloss. Supp., Four o'clock , a tea in the hayfield. Fourpence (foaupens). [f. Four a. 4 Pence.] A sum of money or coin equal to four pennies. Fourpence-halfpenny \ see quots. 1722, i860. The Irish shilling of Elizabeth circulated in England under the name and at the value of 1 ninepence ’; it is inferred that the ‘ fourpence-halfpenny * was the Irish sixpence of the same period. 1722 De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 46 Ninepences, and four- pence-halfpennies. .Scotch and Irish coin. 1852 R. S. Sur¬ tees Sponge's Sp. Tour (1893) 319 ‘ Well, there’s sixpence for you, my good woman ’, said he.. 4 It’s nabbut fourpence ’, I observed the woman, i860 Bartlett Diet. Amer. s. v. I Federal Currency , The [Spanish] half real .. is called .. in New England, fourpence ha’penny, or simply fourpence. 1872 O. W. Holmes Poet Breakf.-t. iii. (1885) 75 Give me two fo’pencehappenies for a ninepence. Fourpenny (foe-jpeni), a. [f. Four a. + Penny.] 1 . That costs or is valued at four pence. Four- penny ale, ale sold at four pence a quart \ four penny bit or piece , a silver coin of the value of four pence; so fourpenny-halfpenny piece. 1597 1st Pt. Return fr. Parnass. 11. i. 517 Simple plaine felowes. .that weare foure-pennie garters. 1678 Lond. Gaz. No. 1348/4 Three pieces of Four-peny broad black taffaty Ribon. 1691 Locke Lower. Interest Wks 1727 II. 97 A sufficient Quantity of Four-penny, Four-penny half-penny, and Five penny Pieces should be coined. 1756 Monitor I. No. 25. 220 How often do we see these fourpenny boarders, in red coats, turning the family out of their beds. 1868 Yates Rock Ahead iii. i, He looked as if he’d lost a four- penny-piece. 1871 M. Collins Mrq. Sp Merch. I. ii. 61 He set.. to work to intoxicate himself with fourpenny ale. 1890 Pall Mall G. 27 Nov. 2/3 The once familiar fourpenny bits have ceased from circulation. b. quasi-jA A fourpenny piece. 1883 Stevenson Treasure I si. 1. i, He promised me a silver four-penny on the first of every month. 2 . Fourpenny nail [see Penny a .~\: a nail i\ in. long, of which 4 lbs. go to the 4 thousand* (i.e. 10 nominal hundreds or 1120). 1481 Nottingham Rec. II. 320 Et de dimidio centum de forpeny nayl. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 244 Another sort are four Penny, and six Penny Nails, r 1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 135 Nails of sorts are, 4, 6, 8. .and 40-penny nails. Fourrier. Obs. exc. Hist, or as an alien word. Also 7-8 fourier. [a. F. fourrier , var. of OF. forrier : see Forayer.] 1 . = Forayer. 1481 Caxton Godeffroy lxxxiii. 131 They made semblaunt for to take fourriers and the horses nyghe them. 1604 E. Grimstone Hist. Siege Ostend 30 The Arch-duke had caused a Fourrier or Harbinger, .to be put in prison. 1646 Buck Rich. Ill , 1. 34 This was the preparative and fourrier of the rest. 1823 Scott Quentin D. xxviii, He that decoyed us into this snare shall go our fourrier to the next world, to take up lodgings for us. 2 . A quartermaster. Also brigadier-fourrier (see quot. 1895). 1678 tr. Gaya's Art of War 11. 47 The Fourier ought to have a List of all the Soldiers of a Company. 1781 in Simes Alii. Guide (ed. 3) 7 He makes the Fourier mark the head¬ quarters, and the quarters of the General Officers. 1895 Daily News 22 Oct. 6/4 He had worked his way up to the enviable position of brigadier-fourrier, a sub-officer charged with accounts, lodging of men, etc. Fourscore (fo0*jsko©.i), a. [f. Four a. + Score jA] Four times twenty, eighty. Formerly current as an ordinary numeral; now arch, or rhetorical. c 1250 Gen. Ex. 2911 Fowre score ^er he was hold. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 382 po deyde he in pe 3er of grace a pou- send .. And four score and seuene. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 754 If in myghtfulnes four score yhere falle, Mare es thair swynk and sorow with-alle. c 1585 R. Browne Ansu>. Cartwright 58 The fourescore and nynthe Psalme. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. iii. i. 56, I haue liued foure-score yeeres, and vpward. 1600 — A. V. L. 11. iii. 74 At seauenteene yeeres, many their fortunes seeke But at fourescore, it is too late a weeke. c 1720 Prior Daphne $ Apollo 70 We mortals seldom live above fourscore. 1750 Chesterf. Lett. (1792) II. ccxix. 345 An Italian book .. written by one Al¬ berti about fourscore or a hundred years ago. 1870 Bryant Iliad I. 11. 64 Nestor who came To war on Troy with four¬ score ships and ten. 1871 Morley Voltaire (1886) 5 The fourscore volumes which he wrote are the monument .. of a new renascence. 1878 O. W. Holmes School-boy (1879) 73 Fourscore, like twenty, has its tasks and toys. + Fou'rscorth, a. Obs. [f. Fourscore a.: see -th.] Eightieth. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. xlv. 1 In the fowerscorthe Psalme, there^ is put y e plurall nomber (Lillyes).. 1587 — De Momay viii. 100 What euidentnesse or certeintie is there in the Greeke histories afore the fourescorth Olympiade. 1657 North''s Plutarch Add. Lives (1676) 2 ( Constantine) Great Britain, of which he was the fourscorth King. 1713 Addison Guardian No. 137 P7 An Aunt. .who. .is supposed to have died a Maid in the fourscorth Year of her Age. Foursenery, var. f. of Forcenery. Obs. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 428 b/i Madde folke..were de- lyuerd fro theyr foursenerye or madnesse. Foursenyd, var. o iforcened: see Forcene. c 1500 ATelusinc xlii. 315 They that are foursenyd with yre. Foursome (fo©usi?m), a. and sb. Sc. [f. Four a. + -some.] A. adj. 1 . Four (together). Also absol. 15.. Douglas K . Hart 1. 198 The fouresum baid and huvit on the grene. c 1560 A. Scott Poems (S. 1 '. S.) ii. 145 For, wer ^e foursum in a flok, I compt 30W no k a leik. b. Used for the nonce as adv. 1875 Morris VEneid vn. 509 Come from the cleaving of an oak with foursome driven wedge. 2 . Performed by four persons together. 1814 Scott Wav. xxviii, Dancing full merrily in the doubles and full career of a Scotch foursome reel. 1884 J. Payne 1001 Nts. IX. 388 The Murebbes or foursome song occurs once only in the Nights. B. sb. Golf A match in which four persons take part, two playing on each side. 1867 Cor?ih. Mag. Apr. 493 Perhaps you find three men who, with yourself, will make a good foursome. Four-square, a. {adv.), and sb. [f. Four a. + Square.] FOURTEEN. 499 FOURTH. A. adj. Having four equal sides; square. 1300 Cursor M. 19843 A mikel linnen clath four squar Laten dun, him thoght was |?ar. 1470-85 Malory Arthur 1. iii, There was sene in the chircheyard ayenst the hyghe aulter a grete stone^ four square. 1523 Fitzherb. Hush. § 34 Whyte wheate is lyke polerde wheate in the busshell . .and the eare is foure-square. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 59 Adjoyning is another foure-square room. 1745 Eliza Heywood Female Sped. (1748) 11 . 279 A four-square looking- glass. 1849 Rusk in Sev. Lamps vi. 164 The four-square keep of Granson. /ransf and fig. 1603 Holland PlutarclCs Alor. 1304 Six-' teene is a number quadrangular or foure-square. 1877 Dow- den Shahs. Prim . vi. 135 Goneril is. .the more incapable of any hatred which is not solid and four-square. 1886 Lowell Whs. (1890) VI. 176 One of Aristotle’s four-square men, capable of holding nis own in whatever field he may be cast, b. quasi-^z/. In a square form or position. c 1430 Two Cookery-bks. 1. 46 Caste by fe cake round a* bowte, & close hym four-square. 1522-3 Fitzherb. Husb. § 13 Bere barleye. .hathe an eare thre ynches of lengthe or more, sette foure square. 1852 Tennyson Death Dk . Wellington 39 That tower of strength Which stood four¬ square to all the winds that blew ! Jig. 1845-6 Trench Huls. Led. Ser. 1. iii. 47 We have a Gospel which stands four-square, with a side facing each side of the spiritual world. 1877 L. Morris Epic Hades iii. 260 It is strength To live four-square. 1884 Warfield in Chr. Treas. Feb. 90/1 A masterly argument.. set four¬ square against all possible opposition. B. sb. A figure having four equal sides. *587 Golding De Mornay xv. 241 A fiuesquare conteineth both a Fowersquare and a Triangle. 1613 M. Ridley Magn. Bodies 32 You may forme the stone .. into a foure- square. 1696 Temple Ess. iii. § 2 (ed. 4)175 Peking .. is a regular Four-square; the Wall of each side is six Miles in length. 1787 M. Cutler in Life, Jrnl. <$• Corr. (1888) I. 224 1 he whole roof forms the base of the steeple in a four¬ square. 1844 Upton Physioglyphics 174 It is then of a shape between a circle and four-square. Hence fron r-squared ppl. a. = Four-square a. Also Foursquarewi.se adv ., forming a square. 1513 Douglas AEneis vii. ix. 78 He Stude schydand ane four squayr akyne tre. 1535 Coverdale' Lam. iii. 9 He hath stopped vp my wayes with foure squared stones. 1551 Iurner Herbal 1. O ij, Walwurt .. hath a forsquared stalk and full of ioyntes. 1610 Holland Camden s Brit. 1. 701 Ihe West part, is compassed in with a uerie faire wall and the river together, fouresquarewise. 1694 Molyneux in Phil. Trans. XVIII. 181 Our Irish Basaltes is composed of Columns, whereof none are four-squared. 1708 Motteux Rabelais iv. xl. 160 It threw..four squar’d Steel Boults. Fourteen (foaitrn, foautih), a. and sb. Forms ; 1 fdowertdne, -tyne, Northumb. -t6no, 2 fower¬ tene, 3 feo(u)wertene, 3 furten, fourtine, south, vourtene, (6 fowertene), 4-6 fom\e)ten, (4 faurten), 6-7 fourteene, 6- fourteen. [OE. ftowertene = OYns. fiuwertine, OS. fiertein (Du. veerteiri ), OHG. fiorzehan (MHG. vierzehen , mod. Ger. vierzehn), ON. fiortan (Sw. fjorton , Da. fjorten ), Goth . Jidwortaihun see Four and -teen.] The cardinal number composed of ten and four, represented by the symbols 14, xiv, or XIV. A. as adj. 1 . In concord with the sb. expressed. C950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. i. 17 From oferfaer babilones wiS to crist cneuresua feower-teno. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 5491 Aboute vourtene 3er king her after he nas. 1340 Ham- pole Pr. Consc. 6552 Omang alle pat bar has bene sene, I fynde wryten paynes fourtene. 1490 Caxton Etteydos xxxi. 119 Whan this foureten persones were come to Crete the kyng made theym to be putte wythin the forsayd house. 1538 Wriothesley Citron. (1875) I. 79 Fowertene yeares past. 1611 Bible i Citron, xxv. 5 Fourteene sonnes. 1751 Affect. Narr. Wager 24 Our ill-fated Vessel struck abaft on a sunken Rock, in fourteen Fathom Water. 1894 C. W. Boase Reg. Coll. Exon. p. xxxii, The fellowships were.. tenable for rather less than fourteen years. + b. {A) fourteen night (rarely fourteen day) : a fortnight. Obs. a 1000 Laius of Ine § 55 Op-&et feowertyne niht ofer Eastron. CX175 Lamb. Horn. 123 Easter dei pe nu bi 3 to dei on fowertene niht. C1205 Lay. 28236 Ah feowertene niht fulle pere laei pa uerde. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 65/406 And fourtene ni^t pare-aftur-ward. 1477 Surtees Misc. (1888) 27 The purpressures come in this day xiiij day. 1561 Hollybush Horn. Apoth. 39 Do this a fourten night and it shall auoyde. 1726 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Ctess Alar 15 Apr., I have been confined this fourteen-night to one floor. 2 . With ellipsis of sb. 1480 Caxton Citron. Eng. eexliv. 303 With other tounes fortresses and vyllages in to the nombre of fourtene. 1592 Shaks. Rom. I f° r your fowls of Phasis do not care. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. xxv, I saw a great fowl, like a hawk, sit upon a tree. 1791 Cowper Iliad xvii. 293 And the fowls sate with his flesh. collect. 1603 Drayton Bar. Wars vi. lxv, The fearefull Fowie all prostrate to her power. 1605 Camden Rem. (1637) 1 Stored with infinite delicate fowie. X769 Goldsm. Rom. Hist. (1786] II. 273 In this was served up. .seven thousand fowl of the most valuable kinds. 1865 Kingsley Herew. xvi, All the fowl of heaven were flocking to the feast. + b. In narrower sense : Winged game. Obs. 1646 Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 252 Sometimes we shot at fowls and other birds : nothing came amiss. 1763 H. Wal¬ pole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. III. 85 In the great anti¬ chamber [at Chatsworth] are several dead fowl over the chimney finely executed. f c. With some modifying addition ; as, fowl of chase, flight, game, prey, ravin. Obs. ci&O Chaucer Pari. Foules 323 The foules of ravyne Were hyest set. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xii. vi. (1495) 416 The owle semyth lyke to foules of pray, c 1420 Citron. Vilod. 280 Wyld bestes and folys of fly3t. 1485 Caxton Paris 4 F. 26 Faulcens and many other fowles of chace. 1671 Milton P. R. ii. 342 Beasts of chase, or fowl of game In pastry built. fig. a 1300 Cursor M. 21276 (Gott.) J>e firth Iohn, fowel of [ Cotton MS. on] flight. + 2 . In wider sense: Winged creatures. Also collect, in plural sense. Obs. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus. xi. 3 Short in foules [Vulg. in vola- tilibus ] is a bee. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xn. Introd. (Tollem. MS.\ To pe ornament of pe eyer parteynep briddes and foules [ volatilia ]. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage viii. x. 789 They offered to him [the Sunne] Fowles, from the Butter-flie to the Eagle. 1648 Gage West Iitd. xii. (1655) 45 Battes, or Rear-mice and other fowie. 3 . The prevailing sense: A ‘ barn-door fowl ’, a domestic cock or hen; a bird of the genus Gallus. In the U.S. applied also to ‘a domestic duck or turkey 9 (Cent. Bid.). Often with some modifying word prefixed : as, barn-door-, game-, guinea-fowl, for which see those words. 1580 Sidney Arcadia hi. (1590) 311 As folkes keep foul when they are not fat enough for their eating. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. iv. 76 The Inhabitants plant Corn, .and breed a few Fowls. 1841 Lane Arab. Nts. 1 .123 Fowls simply roasted or boiled. 1879 Farrar St. Paul (1883) 43 The Talmud .. devotes one whole treatise, .to the method of killing a fowl. 4 . a. The flesh of birds used for food. Now only in the phrases fish , flesh, and fozvl, etc. b. In narrower sense: The flesh of the ‘ barn-door* or domestic fowl. X673 O. Walker Educ. (1677) 169 A feast suggests.. Fish, Foul, Flesh. 1861 Beeton Bfc. Househ. Man. § 978 Fricasseed Fowl. Ingredients—The remains of cold roast fowl [etc.]. 5 . attrib. and Comb. a. simple altrib., as fowl- flight , -house, -net, -yard. b. objective, as fowl - keeping, -rearing, - stealer, -stealing. c. Special comb., as fowl-cholera = chicken-cholera : see Cholera 4; fowl-foot, the plant Ornithopus pcrpusillus ; fowl-grass, fowl-meadow-grass, Poa trivialis ; fowl-run, a place where fowls may run, an establishment for breeding fowls. 1883 Cd. Words 179 The epidemic among fowls, called *fowl-cholera. c 1250 Gen. <$• Ex. 3321 At euen cam a *fu3el-fli3t, fro-ward arabie. 1578 Lyte Dodoens iv. xxix. 487 Ornithopodium .. This wild herbe is called in Brabant Uoghelvoet, that is to say in English, Birdes foote, or * Fowie foote, bycause his huskes or cods are lyke to a birdes foote. 1839 Lincoln , etc. Gaz. 12 Feb. 3/4 They went to Mr. F.’s; whose *fowl-house they broke open. 1894 Jml. R. Agric. Soc. June 303 It is *fowl-keeping on this modest scale that pays. 1774 j. Q. Adams Diary 28 Feb., Shall I try to introduce *fowl-meadow, and herds-grass into the meadows? 1786 M. Cutler. in Life, Jrnls. <$■ Corr. (1888) II. 264 Fowl meadow-grass is cultivated in wet meadows. 1856 Kane A ret. Expl. II. xiii. 134 Tinkering over, ^fowl- nets or other household-gear. 1894 Jrnl . R. Agric. Soc. June 302 A point of cardinal importance.. in.. *fowl-rearing. 1886 H. F. Lester Under Two Fig Trees 179 In one corner of the little estate is a*fowl-run. 1825 Sporting Mag. XVI. 336 Have we..no .*fowl-stealers. 1892 Pall Mall G. 24 Mar. 2/1 Poaching is closely allied to *fo\yl-stealing. 1889 Ibid. 27 May 2/3 The lack of interest displayed in their *fowl-yards by..British farmers. Fowl (faul), v. [OYL. fug(e)lian, f. fugel Fowl.] intr. To catch, hunt, shoot, or snare wildfowl. ciooo jElfric Gram. xxv. (Z.) 146 Aucnpor, ic fuxlie. X399 Langl. Rich. Redeles 11.157 Thus ffoulyd this ffaukyn on ffyldis abou^te. 1519 Presentni. Juries in Surtees Misc. (1888) 32 pt no man fyshe nor fewle in the dam. 1530 Palsgr. 557/2, I fowie after byrdes, Je vas a la pipee. X697 Dampier Voy. I. vii. 192 The Tenour of them [Commissions] is, to give a Liberty to fish, fowl, and hunt. 1766 Blackstone Comm. Il.xxvii. 419 Such persons as may thus lawfully hunt, fish, or fowl. 1850 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. (1863) 86 He went out fowling in a small skiff. + b. fg. with after, for. FOWLER. 501 FOX. a 1420 Hocclf.ve Dc Reg. Princ. 2442 But tonge of man . .Nat may be tamed. .And after repreef fissheth, clappeth, fouleth. 1596 Dalrvmtle tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. vi. 314 Heir hes thou a commodious and meit place for the slauchtir, that thou foules for. fc. quasi-trans. To hunt over, beat (a bush). 1611 B. Jonson Catiline 1. i, They.. Fowl every brook and bush to please Their wanton taste. Fowl(e, obs. forms of Foal, Foul. Fowler (fcurbi). [OE. ftigelere> agent-n. f. fugelian to Fowl.] 1 . One who hunts wild birds, whether for sport or food, esp. with nets ; a bird-catcher. Now rare. c 893 K. .Alfred Oros. 1. i. § 14 Dser huntan ^ewico don oH>e lisceras o»e fu^eleras. a 1225 St. Marker. 3 As he fuhel he is fon i he fuheleres grune. 1382 Wyclif Amos iii. 5 Wher a brid shal falle into grane of erthe, withouten a fouler, c 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. Prol. 138 The foweler we deffye, And al hk crafte. c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems 186 A bleryeed fowler trust not though he wepe. 1657 W. Coi.es Adam in Eden 305 Boyes and Fowlers use the Berries [of the Ash] as Baites to catch Blackbirds, etc. 1723 Lond. Gaz. No. 6222/9 Simon Teatford .. Fisher and Fowler. 1815 Elphinstone Acc. Caubul (1842) I. 77 Fowlers catching quails among the wheat. 1879 J efferies Wild Life in S. C. 296 A fowler .. had a cock chaffinch in a cage covered with a black cloth. fig. 1340 Ayetib. 254 pe herte ualj? ofte into he grines of the uo3elere of helle. Comb. 1685 Crowne SirC. Nice Epil., There fowler-like the watching gallant pores Behind his glove. + 2 . A species of catapult. Obs. 1420 Siege Rouen in Archxol. XXI. 52 A stronge fowlere there was leyde lowe. .that he mi3t throwe. + 3 . A kind of light cannon, esp. for use on board ship. Obs. Cf. Du. vogheler, whence Fr. veuglaire. 1548 Privy Couticil Acts( 1890) II. 197 The municions folowing. .fowlers of iron xij. 1622 R. Hawkins Voy. S.Sea (1847) 2 °6 Fowlers and great bases in the cage workes. 1642 Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts hi. (1704) 357/1 Fowlers . .are Pieces of greatest Importance, after a Ship is Boarded. Fowlerite (fcurlerait). Min. {named after Dr. S. Fowler: see -ite.] A flesh-red variety of rhodonite containing zinc. 1832 C. U. Shepard Min. 186 Fowlerite. Ferro-Silicate of Manganese. 1884 in Dana's Min. Fowlery. A place where fowls are kept. 1845 Bachel. Albany (1848) 185 A fowlery and a piggery. Fowling (fairliq), vbl. sb. [f. Fowl v. + -ing 1 .] 1 . The action of the vb. Fowl ; the art or prac¬ tice of hunting, shooting, or snaring wild fowl. 1413 Pilgr. 6Vw/et fu^el-cun is swifte bilehwit. c 1205 Lay. 8109 Of ['an foh^el [c 1275 fo}el] cunne ne mai hit na mon kennen. a 1250 Owl <$• Night. 65 Thu art loth al fuel-kunne. Fowness, Sc. var. of Fullness. + Fowsie. Obs . Sc. form of Fosse, ditch. Also 6 fous(s)ie, -y, fowse(a. 1501 Douglas Pal. Hon. m. Ixxxviii, That gudlie garth.. Quhilk with a large fousie .. Inueronit was. a 1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 175 His head was brokin .. and he castin in the fowsea. 1637 Adamson in R. Ford Harp of Perthsh. (1893) 5 Turning home we spared nor dyke nor fowsie. [1861 W. Bell Diet. Law Scot., Fossa, a pit or fowsie.] Fowsome, Fowte, Sc. var. of Fulsome, Foot. Fox (fpks), sb. Also 3-7 foxe, 3, 4, 6 vox, (6 wox). [Com. Tent.: OE. fox str. masc. corre¬ sponds to Du. vos, OWG. fuhs (MHG. vtihs, mod. Ger. fucks '); the ON. fox neut., fraud, may be a different word. The OTeut. type is *fuhs-, from the same root as the feminine formation OHG. foka (MHG. vohe'' vixen, fox, ON./da, Goth, fauhd fox, f. OTeut. *fuh- pre-Teut. *puk-, which some scholars plausibly connect with Skr. puccha tail. With regard to the Eng. and Du. o for OTeut. and HG. u before hs , cf. OE. /<7jr=Du. los = OHG. luhs, lynx; also Du. drossaerd= OHG. truhs&tfp steward.] I. 1 . An animal of the genus Vulpes , having an elongated pointed muzzle and long bushy tail. Usually V. vulgaris , preserved in England and elsewhere as a beast of the chase. C825 Vesp. Psalter \x ii[i], n [io] Sien said in hond sweordes daelas foxa bioft. a 1225 A tier. R. 294 Nimeft & keccheft us. .anon [>e 5unge uoxes. a 1300 Vox Wolf 208 in Hazl. E. P. P. I. 65 3 e, quad the vox, al thou most sugge. a 1300 Cursor M. 7151 Thre hundreth fox he samun knitt. x 375 Barbour Bruce xix. 663 In-till the luge a fox he saw, That fast can on a salmond gnaw, i486 Bk. St. Albans F vj b, A skulke of ffoxis. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxxix. § 16 As if the world did..thinke the Foxe a goodly creature. 1674 N. Cox Genii. Recreat. 1. (1677) 8 Fox. .is called the first year, a Cub. The second year, a Fox, and afterwards an old Fox. 1718 Prior Knowledge 210 The lonely fox roams far abroad, On secret rapine bent. 1835 Fonblanque Eng. under 7 A dm inis t. (1837) III. 245 If the esteem of the people were made as much a pursuit as a stinking fox’s brush. 1870 Yeats Nat. Hist . Comm. 2 66 The red fox of America. b. with allusion to its artfulness and cunning. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 195 be fox mid his wrenches wait ofter deor and haueft his wille perof. a 1634 Randolph Ode 64 Nor will we spare To hunt the crafty fox. 1735 Somer¬ ville Chase in. 23 The wily Fox remain'd A subtle pilfring Foe, prowling around In Midnight Shades. 1791 Burns 3rd Ep. R. Graham 17 Foxes and statesmen, subtile wiles ensure. c. in various proverbial expressions. C1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. 29 Aye runnes the Foxe as long as hee feete hes. c 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 10 Let furth youre geyse, the fox wille preche. 1539 Taverner Erasm. Prov.{ 1552)27 An olde foxe is not taken in a snare. 1545 Brinklow Compl. xxiv. H v, As y u mayest knowe a foxe by his furred taile. 1562 J. Heywood Prov. $ Epigr. (1867) 153 When the foxe preacheth, then beware our geese. 1607 Walkington Opt. Glass 38 A Fox is known by his bush. 1662 Pepys Diary 26 Dec., We shall endeavour to joyne the lion’s skin to the fox’s tail. d. Phrases: + To catch, hunt the fox : to get drunk. To flay the fox : see Flay v. 6. To play {the) fox : {a) to act cunningly, {b) to sham, + To smell a fox : to be suspicious. 1599 Minsheu 67^72. Dial. 19 Whosoeuer loues good wine, hunts the foxe once a yeere. 1611 Middleton & Dekker Roaring Girle 1. D.’s Wks. 1873 D. 145 Now I do smell a fox strongly. 1647 Ward Simp. Cobler 6 Tiberius play’d the Fox with the Senate of Rome, a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew s. v. Fox .. He has caught a Fox, he is very Drunk. 1894 Crockett Raiders 329, I played fox several times, pretending to be in pain. 2 . fig. A man likened for craftiness to a fox. e 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xiii. 32 Gaft & seejaft pam foxe, deofol-seocnessa ic utadrife. 1548 Hall Chron.,Hen. VI (an. 31) 164 b, This auncient Fox, and pollitique Capitayne lost not one houre..till [etc.]. 1712 Arbuthnot John Bull 1. iv, Don’t you see how that old fox steals away your cus¬ tomers? 1851 Mayne Reid Scalp Hunt. 1 . 383, I could not help reflecting on the strange stratagem by which the old fox [Rube] had saved himself. b. ? Used as adj.: Fox-like, cunning. e 1200 Ormin 6646 patt mann iss fox & hinnderiqsep. .patt . .foll^hepp deofless wille. a 1300 Long Life in O. E. Misc. 156 Fox and ferlich is his wren[c]h. 3 . The fur of the fox. 1501 Bury Wills (Camden) 88 My tawney gown furryd w fc ffoxe. 1603 Shaks. Fleas, for M. iii. ii. 9 A fur’d gowne to keepe him warme; and furd with Foxe and Lamb-skins too. 1882 Beck Draper's Diet., Fox. .Of this fur there are several varieties. 4 . One of the northern constellations ( Vulpeculd). 1868 Lockyer Guillemin s Heavens (ed. 3) 398 Situated between the constellations of the Swan and the Fox. 5 . Some beast or fish likened to a fox, esp. the gemmeous dragonet {Callionymus lyra ), called also fox fish. Fly ing fox, Sea fox : see those words. 1611 Cotgr., Spase.. the sea-fox, or fox dog-fish. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iii. xxiv. 169 Some are called the Fox, the Dog, the Sparrow, or Frog-fish. 1769 Pennant Zool. III. 302 These fish [carp] are extremely cunning, and on that account are by some styled the river fox. 1836 Yarrell Brit. Fishes I. 302 Fox. .The common Skulpin. b. Short for fox-moth (see 16 b). II. Senses of obscure development, t 6. A kind of sword. Obs. It has been conjectured that this use arose from the figure of a wolf, on certain sword-blades, being mistaken for a fox. 1599 Porter Angry Worn. Abingd. (Percy) 60, I had a sword, .a right fox, i faith. 1633 Ford Love's Sacr. v. ii, ’Tis a tough fox, will not fail his master. 1821 Scott Kettilw. iv, Put up your fox, and let us be jogging. 7 . Brewing, (see quot.) Cf. Fox v. 5. 1750 W. Ellis Country Housewife 377 (E. D. S.) That poisonous damage called in great brewhouses the fox, which gives the drink a sickish nasty taste. 8. Naut. (see quots. 1769, 1815). 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789), Fox a sort of strand, formed by twisting several rope-yarns together, and used as a seizing, or to weave a mat or paunch, etc. 1815 Fal¬ coner's Diet. Marine (ed. Burney), Spanish Fox, a single rope-yarn untwisted, and then twisted up the contrary way and rubbed smooth. It is used for small seizings. 1833 Marryat P. Simple (1863) 38 Mr. Jenkins desired the other men to get half-a-dozen foxes and make a spread eagle of me. c i860 H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 27. 9 . A drain carried under another water-course by means of a tunnel. Cf. Fox v. 3. 1784 M. Weight on Drainage Award 13 The Fox made under the canal. 10 . See quot. Also Fox-tail. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. 1 .912 Fox-bolt , a description of bolt which is made tight by a fox or wedge driven into a split in the end. 11 . pi. A variety of ironstone, dial. i 793~ i 8i3 A. Young Agric. Surv . Sussex 13 (E. D. S.). ] 2 . slang. An artificial sore. 1862 Mayhew & Binny Criminal Prisons Lond. ^05 Daring youths..were constantly in the habit of making 1 foxes ’ (artificial sores). 13 . In U.S. Colleges: A freshman. Cf. Ger .fuchs. 1839 Longf. Hyperion (1865) 77 A procession of new¬ comers or Nasty Foxes, as they are called in the college dialect. 1847 Yale Lit. Mag. Jan. XII. 116 ‘ Halloo there, Herdman, fox l ’ yelled another lusty tippler. f 14 . ? = Foxglove i . Obs. 1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. xiv. 473 Bathes wherein proper Herbs, especially Foxes, have been boiled. III. attrib. and Comb. 15 . a. simple attrib., as fox-lntch , - burrow, •cover, - craft , -cub,-earth, -/z^z^(usedattributively); (used for taking the fox), as fox-gin , - trap ; (sense 6 ), as fox-blade, -broadsword. a 1611 Beaum. & Fl. Philaster iv. i, When my *fox-bitch Beauty grows proud, I’ll borrow him. c 1640 [Shirley] Capt. Underwit 1. in Bullen O. PI. II. 321 And old *fox blade made at Hounsloe heath. 1826 Scott Woodst. i, A good *fox broad-sword. 1550 Wilson Logike (1567) 37 a, The huntesman .. will sone espie when he seeth a hole, whether it be a *Foxe borough, or not. 1831 Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) I. 371 Who .. turns his farm I into a *fox-cover. 1654 Vilvain Epit. Ess. iv. xcii. 87 ! Two fals Scotsh Earls of *Fox-craft fraud composed. 1857 i Hughes Tom Brown 1. iii, To watch the *fox cubs play¬ ing in the green rides. 1530 Palsgr. 222/2 *Foxe erthe, taistiicre. 1824 Miss Mitford Village Ser. 1. (1863) 141 Amongst broken ridges and fox-earths. 1669 Worlidge j Syst. Agric. (1681) 216 Small Iron-gins like *Fox-gins. 1852 R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour xviii. (1893) 88 A large gold *fox-head pin. 1605 B. Jonson Volpone v. iii, Let his sport pay for’t. This is call'd the *Fox-trap. 1856 ] Kane A ret. Expl. I. v. 53 Places of deposit for meat, and I rocks arranged as foxtraps. b. objective, as fox-follower, -stealer, -worship; \ fox poisoning vbl. sb. 1781 Cowpek Conversat. 410 Though the fox he follows \ may be tamed, A mere *fox-fo!lo\ver never is reclaimed. 1890 Daily News 7 July 3/8 Attempts at 'fox-poisoning. \ 1852 R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour liii. (1893) 284 The poachers and *fox-stealers of the village. 1880 Miss Bird yapan I. 71 "Fox-worship being one of the most universal I superstitions in Japan. , | c. parasynthetic, as fox-nosed, -visaged adjs. 1889 Century Diet. s.v., The lemurs called *fox-nosed monkeys. 1892 A. M. Yoshiwara Episode 41 The wares I the *fox-visaged, bullet-headed gyn kept on crying. 16 . Special comb., as fox-beagle, a beagle used for fox-hunting; fox-bench, ‘ indurated sand ’ ( Chesh. Gloss.) ; fox-bolt (see quot.) ; fox-brusb, the tail of a fox, used similatively ; f fox-case, the skin of a fox ; fox-chase, (a) = Fox-hunt : ( b ) agamein imitation of this, also attrib .; fox-colour, a reddish-yellow colour, whence fox-coloured adj.; + fox-court, a place or yard in which foxes may be kept; fox-dog, a fox-hound; + fox-drunk a. (see quot.); fox-evil, * a disease in which the hair falls off’ (1842 Johnson Farmer's Encycl.), alopecia (see also 16 e) ; + fox-hen, ? a payment of a hen for the maintenance of fox-hunting; fox¬ hound, a superior variety of hound trained and used for fox-hunting; fox-key (see quot.); J fox- lungs, some medicinal preparation ; fox-mould, a name given to green sand when coloured by an oxide of iron; fox-skin, the skin of a fox, also attrib.’, fox-sleep, a pretended sleep; + fox- stones pi., (a) the testicles of a fox; (b) an old name for Orchis mascula ; fox-terrier, one of a breed of short-haired terriers, used for unearthing foxes, but kept chiefly as pets; fox-trot, a pace with short steps, as iu changing from trotting to walking ; fox-wedge (see quot.) ; + fox-whelp, (a) a cub of the fox (used also as a term of con¬ tempt) ; (i 5 ) some kind of drink; fox-wood (see quot.; cf. Fox-fire). 1676 Lond. Gaz. No. 1108/4 -A- black "Fox Beagle Bitch. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) II. 155 Geology brings to mind here all the connexion of ideas of "fox-bench, with the denudation of forests, coal-beds, iron. 1874 "Fox-bolt [see sense 10]. 1891 Daily News 1 June 2/5 Some large tails of "fox-brush orchids. 1610 Guillim Heraldry in. xxiii. (1611) 170 Where the Lion’s skin is too scant it must bee peeced out with a "fox case. <11625 Fletcher Woman's Prize II. ii, You old fox-case, a 1704 T. Brown Praise Poverty Wks. 1730 I. 98 A kind of "Fox-chace pleasure. 1732 Pope Ep. Cobham 74 Mad at a Fox-chase, wise at a Debate. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. xiii. 145 A ‘ fox-chase ’ round the decks. 1796 Withering Brit. Plants IV. 193 Gills white, in pairs : pileus "fox colour, convex. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 84 "Foxe coloured lambes. 1879 Rood Chromatics iv. 45 A fox-coloured yellow. 1781 P. Beckford Hunting (1802) 328 If you breed up cubs, you will find a "fox-court necessary. 1708 Motteux Rabe¬ lais tv. xliv. (1737) 178 Some of your Badger’s or "Fox- Dogs. 1592 Nashe P. Pennilesse Wks. (Grosart) II. 82 The eighth [kind of drunkenness] is "Fox drunke, when he is craftie drunke. 1659 Torriano, Alopecia, the falling or shedding of a mans hair through/oul^diseases, called the "Fox-evil. 1528 Sir R. Weston in Dillon Calais 4- Pale (1892)93 He hath of every householde .. a henne by name of the fox henne ’, for the which he ys lykewyse bounde to hunt the foxe. <11763 Shenstone CEcon. 1. 94 Who lavishes his wealth On racer, "fox-hound, hawk or spaniel. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 912 *Fox-key (Machinery), a splitcotter with a thin wedge of steel driven into the end to prevent its working back. 1660 Act 12 Chas. It, c. 4, Rates FOX. 502 FOXITE. Inwards, [In List of Drugs] * Fox lungs the pound iiis. 1807 Vancouver Agric. Devon (1813)42 A moist peaty earth on a reddish brown clay, highly retentive of water, and commonly called *fox mould. 1598 Hakluyt Voy. I. 71 Who gaue vnto eche of vs a gowne made of *Foxe-skinnes. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. II. App. xi. 311 Dressing in fox- skin clothing. 1596 Lodge Margarite Amer. (1876) 30 Entering Arsadachus chamber [they] found him in his *foxe sleepe. 1623 Hexham Tongue-Combat Ep. Ded. 3 That stupide Lethargie or reserued Foxe-sleepe of Policie, wherein they lye bed-rid. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 1. cxiii. (1633) 212 There be divers sorts of ^Fox-stones. 1604 Marston & Webster Malcontent 11. ii, Jelly of cock-sparrows, he- monkey’s marrow, or powder of fox-stones. 1823 Byron Juan vii. xxiv, Unless they are game as bull-dogs and ^fox-terriers. 1888 Centicry Mag. Oct. XXXVI. 897 She heard a horse approaching at a *iox-trot. 1888 Greenwell Coal-trade Terms Nor thumb. <$• Durh . (ed. 3), *Fox-wedgc , a long wedge driven between two other wedges with their thick ends placed in the opposite direction, c 1320 Sir Beues 1733 Ajilt J>e, a seide, )*dw *fox welp. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. iv. pr. iii. 78 Yif he .. reioyseth him to rauisshe by wyles, thou shalt seyn him lyke to the fox whelpes. 1837 Southey Doctor Interch. xvi, Fox-whelp, a beverage as much better than Champagne, as it is honester, wholesomer and cheaper. 1889 Century Did., * Fox-wood .. decayed wood, especially such as emits a phosphorescent light [U.S.]. b. esp. in names of animals, etc. having a real or fancied resemblance to the fox, as + fox-ape, ? the opossum; fox-bat = Flying Fox; fox-fish, see Fox sb. 5; fox-lynx, a variety of lynx; fox-moth, a greyish-brown European bombycid moth ( Lasio- campa rubi ); fox-shark, the sea-fox ( Alopias vulpes ) ; fox-snake, a large harmless snake of the United States {Coluber vulpinus) ; fox-sparrow, a North American sparrow {Passe rella iliac a) ; fox- squirrel, a North American squirrel {Sciurus cinerens , S. niger , etc.). 1594 Blundevil Exerc. v. (ed. 7) 570 Gesner calleth this Beast an Ape-Foxe, or a *Fox-Ape. 1834 Caunter Orient. Anti. xiv. 187 The *fox-bat bustled from his covert among the tombs. 1862 H. Marryat Year in Swedeti II. 439 The Ratio, or *fox-lynx, of a soft reddish-white fur. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. 1 .385 The * Fox Shark. 1869 J. Burroughs in Galaxy Mag. (N. V.) Aug., The *fox-sparrow. .comes to us in the fall. 1791 W. Bartram Carolina 283 The great black *fox squirrel. 1844 Gosse in Zoologist II. 707 Some towering oaks, on which several fox squirrels (Sciurus capistratus) were frisking. c. in plant-names, as fox-bane, a species of monkshood (. Aconitum Vulparia) ; fox-berry = Bearberry ; fox-chop (see quot.) ; fox-finger(s = Foxglove ; fox-geranium, -grass, herb Robert {Geranium Robertianum) ; fox-grape, a name for several North American species of wild grapes. Also Foxglove, Foxtail. 1840 Paxton Bot. Diet.. * Foxbane. 1866 Treas. Bot ., * Fox- chop, Mesembryanthemum vulpinum. 1657 W. Coles A dam in Eden lxvii. 126 Some call it *Fox-finger. 1657 Austen Fruit Trees 1. 59 The *Fox Grape is a faire large fruit. 1683 Penn Wks. (1782) IV. 302 The great red grape (now ripe) called by ignorance, * The fox-grape (because of the relish it hath with unskilful palates). 1849 Lowell Biglow P. Poet. Wks. (1875) J 7^ Growing so fairly..as a fox-grape over a scrub-oak in a swamp. d. in the names of various games in which one of the players acts as a fox, as fox and geese, a game played on a board with pegs, draughtsmen, or the like; fox and hounds, a boys’ game, in which the ‘ hounds ’ chase the ( fox ’; f fox in or to the or thy hole (see quots.). 1633 Marmion Fine Companion 11. v, Let him sit in the shop, .and play at *fox and geese with the foreman. 1856 Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh ix. Poems 1890 VI. 351 Though you played At J fox and goose ’ about him with your soul. 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. II. 37 Noise of blind-man’s buff, and *fox-and-hounds. 1585 J. Higins Junius ’ Nomenclator 298 A kinde of playe wherein boyes lift up one leg and hop on the other; it is called *fox in thy hole. 1648 Herrick Hcsper., New Yeares Gift (1869) 134 The wassel-boule, That tost up after Fox-i-th* hole. 1783 Ainsworth Lat. Did. (Morell) vi. Discoliasmus, Children’s play, called Fox to thy hole. e. with genitive fox's, as fox’s cough (see quot.); + foxes evil = fox-evil ; fox’s foot, a kind of grass {Dactylis glomerata L.); in early use, perh. Spar- ganium simplex ; fox’s tail (see Foxtail). i6h Cotgr., Toux de regnard , the *Foxes cough; a rooted, or old-growne cough, which waits on a man to his graue. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 379 Troubled with the * foxes evill. 1671 H. M. tr. Colloq. Erasm. 134 The foxes evil (falling off of the hair) had made him almost quite bald, c 1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 150 Genim j?ysse wyrte wyrttruman }>e man .. *foxesfot nemneft. 1853 Johnston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. I. 216 Dactylis glomerata, Fox's-foot, which the clustered panicle somewhat resembles. Fox (tyks), v. [f. prec. sb.] 1 . f a. trails. To play the fox for; to compass by crafty means {obs.). b. intr. To play the fox, dis¬ semble, sham. Now dial, and slang. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. ix. liii. (1612) 239 Insociable, Maleparte, foxing their priuate good. 1646 R. Baillie Lett. Sf Jrnls.J 1841) II. 351 The other pettie princes are foxeing alreadie for fear. 1884 Chester Gloss., Fox, to sham. 1886 D. C. Murray i si Pers. Singular xx ix. He had played the fox for so many years, that now to his mind everybody was dodging and foxing. 2 . trans. To intoxicate, befuddle. Also (? nonce - use), to redden (one’s nose) with drinking. i 6 i i [1 arlton] Jests (1844) 21 Before they parted they foxt Tarlton at the Castle in Pater Noster Row. 1649 Blithe Eng. Improz\ Itnpr. (1652) 258 It [Cider], serves as well, .for men to fox their noses. 1660 Pepys Diary 26Oct., The last of whom I did almost fox with Margate ale. a 1734 North Exam. 11. iv. § 41 (1740) 251 Mr. Atkins was .. at Greenwich, and there, at an Entertainment of some Ladies, soundly foxed, the Attorney General threw up. f b. transf. To stupefy (fish). Obs. 1650 H. More Enthus. Triumph. (1656) 86 For ought you know, it may be onely a charm to fox fishes. 1787 Best Angling (e d. 2) 67 Take heart-wort, and lime, mingle them together, and throw them into a standing water, and it will fox them [fishes]. 1805 Sporting Mag. XXVI. 178 Two gentlemen . .were foxing fish in the river Calder. + c. fig. To delude. Obs. a 1660 H. Peters in South Serm. (Bohn) I. 540 Fox them a little more with religion. #1734 North Exam. 1. ii. § 115 (1740) 93 When the Faction had ..once foxed the People with an ill Opinion of the Government. + d. intr. To get drunk. Obs. 1649 Lovelace Lucasta (1864) 8 The humble tenant, that does bring A chicke or egges .. Is tane into the buttry, and does fox Equall with him that gave a stalled oxe. + 3 . trans. To pierce with a 1 fox 5 (see Fox sb. 6). 1567 Edwards Damon &t is foxes clofe [v.r. glofa]. c 1265 Names Plants in Wr.-Wiilcker 556/6 Saluinca.. foxesgloue. a 1387 Sinon. Barthol (Anecd. Oxon.) 15 Ceroterica, Ceroteca vulpis, foxglove. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 11. xxiv. 175 Foxe gloue floureth chiefly in July and August. 1664 Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 214 Colum¬ bines, Iron-colour’d Fox-gloves, Holly-hocks. 1810 Scott Lady of L. 1. xii ; Fox-glove and nightshade, side by side, Emblems of punishment and pride. b. Used in medicine : see Digitalis. 1801 Med. Jml. V. 209 The Fox-glove of which the tincture is made, is commonly procured from the Hall. 1861 Geo. Ei.iot Silas M. 13 Recalling the relief his mother had found from a simple preparation of foxglove. 2 . Applied to various plants of other genera ; e.g. formerly to the Mullein {Verbascum Jliapsus). 1587 Mascall Govt. Cattle (1600) 242 The iuyee of heg- taper, called Foxegloue. 3 . attrib. and Comb., as foxglove-bell, -leaf, -spire ; foxglove-shaped a. (see quot.). a 1821 Keats Sonn. iii, Where the deer’s swift leap Startles the wild bee from the ^foxglove bell. 1811 A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 610 Take of ^foxglove leaves dried, a drachm. 1856 Henslow Did. Bot. Terms,*Foxglove- shaped, a nearly cylindrical but somewhat irregular and inflated tube, formed like the corolla of a Digitalis. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. lxxxiii, The *foxglove-spire. Fo’X-hunt. The chase of a fox with hounds. 1816 Sporting Mag. XLVII. 288 Next after a fox-hunt, the finest sight in England is a stage-coach just ready to start. 1875 W. S. Hayward Love agst. World 11 This is my first fox-hunt. So Fox-hunting vbl. sb., the sport of hunting the fox; Fo\x-hunting ppl. a. ; and (back-form¬ ation) Fo*x-hunt v. intr., also \ to fox-hunt it. Also Fo'x-hunter, Fo x-huntress, Fo*x-hunts- man, one who hunts the fox. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. 1. (1677) 106 Fox-hunting is very pleasant. 1692 R. L’Estrange Fables civ, The fox- hunters went their way. 1768 G. Washington Writ.( 1889) II. 232 Rid up to Toulston in order to fox hunt it. 1772 Dk. Richmond in Burke's Corr. (1844) I. 393, I have engaged a large party, .to come here..and stay a month to fox-hunt. 1827 Sporting Mag. XX. 93 No bad stem to graft a fox-huntsman on. 1829 Ibid. XXIV. 32 A female fox-huntress. 1830 N. S. Wheaton JrnL 59 A fox-hunting, horse-racing, .people. 1837 Howitt Rur. Life 1. iv. (1862) 31 Fox-hunting is now the chief amusement of the true British sportsman. 1852 R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour 1 vi. 318 Breaking their necks being, as she conceived, the inevitable end of fox-hunters. Foxian (fp'ksian), a. [f. Fox(e + -ian.] Per¬ taining to: a. John Foxe, author of the Book of Martyrs', b. George Fox, founder of the Society of Friends or ‘ Quakers ’. 1641 Milton A nimadv. (1851) 197 They which one of your Bishops scornfully termes the Foxian Confessors. 1642 — Apol. Smed. (1851) 289. 1823 Lamb Elia, Quaker's Meeting, Once only.. I witnessed a sample of the old Foxian orgasm. Foxing’ (fjrksiq), vbl. sb. [f. Fox v. + -ing k] 1 . The action of the vb., in various senses. c 1220 Bestiary 435 And in ure skemting he do$ raSe a foxing. 1742 Lond. § Country Brew. 1. (ed. 4) 43 Foxing is a Misfortune, or rather a Disease in Malt Drinks, occa¬ sioned by divers Means. 1868 Chambers'' Encycl. I. 809 The sugar in the worts will become partially converted into acetic acid, or, as it is termed, foxing occurs. 1873 N. <5- Q. Ser. iv. XI. 216 Is there any known means to prevent foxing in books? 1877 Hallock Sportsman’s Gaz. 17 With us of the North, foxing is by some followed during, .winter. 2 . concr. (See quots. and Fox v. 6.) 1865 Mrs. Whitney Gayworthys II. 75 Say wore cloth boots, with patent foxings. 1874 Knight Did. Mech. 1 .912 Foxing, .an outer covering or upper leather over the usual upper. 2. Ornamental strips of a different material on the uppers of shoes. t Fo'xish, a. Obs. [f. Fox sb. + -ish.] 1 . Of or pertaining to a fox, fox-like. C1400 Lanfrancs Cirurg. 106 Four different kinds of Leprosy are distinguished.. 3. alopicia and vulpina foxissch. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. xxviii. 3 This foxish wyly- nesse. 1583 — Calvin on Dent, xxxvi. 215 If the fathers bee woolues they would haue their Children wooluish : if they bee olde foxes they would haue them to bee foxish. 2 . fig. Like a fox in nature, crafty, cunning. 14.. Lydg. in Pol. Rel. < 5 * L. Poems (1866) 25 Among foxys be foxische of nature. 1535 Joye Apol. Tiiuiale 44 By his foxisshe example he pretendeth [etc.]. 1699 T. Qockman] Tull/s 6^^(1706) 273 Your, .crafty, foxish, juggling kind of Fellows. Foxite (fp’ksoit). [see -ite.] A political fol¬ lower of Charles James Fox. Also attrib. 1782 Dr. Wolcot (Peter Pindar) Lyric Odes iii. 41 His muzzle, form’d of opposition stuff Firm as a Foxite, would not lose its ruff. 1808 Scott Fam. Lett. 8 Feb., During the Foxites’ interval of power, a 1845 Hood To Mrs. Fry v, FOXLESS. 503 FRACTILE. The Pittite hues will sadden there, Whereas the Foxite shades will all show fair ! [Used punningly: of. FoxiANb.] Fo'xless, a. [f. Fox sb. + -less.] Void of foxes. 1891 Field 7 Mar. 331/2 To show that the fine country they ranged over is not foxless, it may be stated that in the course of the day they moved eight or nine. Fox-like (fpksbik), a. [f. as prec. + Like a.] Like a fox; esp. crafty, cunning. 1577-87 Holinshed Scot.' Chron. (1808) V. 577 This Mudiard and his companions imbued with more than fox¬ like conditions, did (deceiuing their keepers) returne to their owne caues. 1654 Trapp Comm. Job xxxiii. 26 Reconcilia¬ tions are for the most part Fox-like friendships. 1868 Dar¬ win Anirn. <$• PI. I. i. 25 The domestic dogs on the coast of Guinea are fox-like animals. t Fo’xly, a. and adv. Obs. In 2 adv. -liche. [f. as prec. + -LY 1 and 2 .] Like a fox. A. adj. Crafty, cunning. B. adv. Craftily. £•1175 Lamb. Horn. 31 He wile seggen and foxliche smel>ien mid worde, Nabbe ic nawiht ]>er-of. 1528 in Fur- nivall Ballads fr. MSS. I. 354 By foxly polecy J>ou dyd them in toll. 1594 Willorie A visa 18 Your painted box, and goodly preach, I see doth hold a foxly reach. Foxship (f(P'ksiJip). ff. as prec. + -ship.] 1 . The character or qualities of a fox. 1607 Shaks. Cor. iv. ii. 18 Had’st thou Foxship To banish him that strooke more blowes for Rome Then thou hast spoken words ? 2 . As a mock title. 1863 W. Lancaster Praetcrita 41 If I meet thy foxship afteraays.. I’ll mar that serpent face. .And leave thy surgy rock without a king. 1870 Statidard 13 Dec., His fox¬ ship was ‘run into' between Culgaith and Longwathby. Fo’xtail. [f. as prec. + Tail sb .] 1 . The tail of a fox, a fox’s brush. P'ormerly one of the badges of the fool or jester. + Flap with a foxtail : see Flap sb. 1 b. ? 1370 Robt. Cicyle 57 The foie Roberd with hym went, Clad in a fulle sympulle garment, With foxe tayles to renne abowte. 1553, 17x7 [see Flap so. ib]. [a 1605 Montgom. Misc. P. iv. 48 Then tak me with the foxis taill a flap, Since that the Hevins are hinderers of my hap.] 1613 Purch as Pil¬ grimage ii. § 2 (R.) Such a one is carried about the town with a boord fastned to his necke, all be-hanged with foxe- tayles. 1852 Seidel Organ 24 When they pulled out this stop, suddenly a large fox-tail flew into their faces. 1893 T. B. Foreman Trip to Spain 31 Their bells and ornaments of fox-tail. 2 . As the name of a plant: a. One of various species of grass with soft brush-like spikes of flowers, esp. Alopecurus pratensis. 1552 Huloet, Foxe taile, herbe, Alopecums. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 1. lviii. §1.81 Foxetaile hath many grassie leaues or blades. 1799 J. Robertson Agric. Perth 208 The meadow fox tail (alopecurus pratensis). 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 359 The foxtail flowers in April, May, and..June. b. A club-moss (.Lycopodium clavatum). [1800 Wordsw. Idle Shepherd-boys , That plant which in our dale We call stag-horn or fox’s tail.] 1866 in Treas. Bot. 3 . In various technical uses (see quots.). 1712 J. James tr. Le Blonds Gardening 1-95 These Pipes are. .subject to Fox-Tails, which are the Roots of very small Trees, which passing by the Pores of the Earthen Pipe .. grow to such Length and Bigness, as to stop up the Pipe entirely [so Fr. queue de renai\l (Littre)]. 1854 Badham Halieut. 313 Willughby tells us that of salars caught in the Ribble, those of the first year are called smolts. .those of the fourth, fox-tails. 1873 Weale's Diet. Terms (ed. 4), Fox¬ tail in metallurgy, the cinder obtained in the last stage of the charcoal-finery process ; it is a cylindrical piece hollow in the centre. [So Fr. renard, quoted by Littre from Button.] 4 . atlrib. and Comb ., as foxtail-grass = Foxtail 2 a ; foxtail-saw, foxtail-wedging (see quots.). 1597 Gerarde Herbal 1. vii. § 1. 8 The great *Foxe-taile grasse. 1711 J. Petiver in Phil. Trans. XXVII. 377 Rough ear’d Fox-tail Grass. 1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. (1814) 362 Meadow fox-tail grass. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 912 * Fox-tail saw, a dovetail saw. 1825 Hamilton Diet. Terms , * Foxtail wedging. 1842-76 Gwilt Archit. Gloss., Fox-tail Wedging , a method of fix¬ ing a tenon in a mortise by splitting the end of the tenon and inserting a projecting wedge, then entering the tenon into the mortise and driving it home. Fo’xtailed. [f. prec. + -ED 2 .] Having a tail like a fox. Foxtailed Asparagus, the horsetail (Equisettim maximum) (Britten and Holland). 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1790) IV. 237 The saki,or cagui ..has been often termed the foxtailed monkey. Fo xter. Sc. Also 7 fochsterrie, fox trie. The foxglove (Digitalis purptireci). 1623 in Pitcairn Crim. Trials Scot. II. 538 Issobell con- fessit that scho send furth hir sone to gether fochsterrie leaueis. 1636 in Dalyell's Darker Superst. Scott. (1831) 113 Ane drink of fox trie leaves. 1818 Hogg Wool-gatherer , Brownie of Bodsbeck, etc. II. 183 They [the fairies] ’ll hae to .. gang away an' sleep in their dew-cups an’ foxterleaves till the gloaming come again. Foxy (fp*ksi), a. [f. Fox sb . + -y 1.] 1 . Fox-like; esp. crafty, cunning. 1528 Roy Rede me Ded. (Arb.) 23 An hole or denne of falce foxy hipocrites. a 1536 Tindale Wks. (1573) 148 Oh foxy Pharisay. 1601 W. Parry Trav. Sir A. Sherley 30 Having merrily passed the time with this foxy fryer. 1859 Tennyson Guinevere 62 Modred’s narrow foxy face. 2 . Fox-coloured, reddish brown or yellow. 1850 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XI. 1.132 There are many patches of a deep, loose, foxy soil. 1879 G. Macdonald SirGibbiel. xiv. 198 Its forehead was high, with a mass of foxy hair over it. b. Painting. Marked by excessive predominance of reddish tints; over-hot in colouring. 1783 Sir J. Reynolds Notes on Du Fresnoy 105 That | [style] of Titian, which may be called the Golden Manner, when unskilfully managed becomes what the Painters call Foxy. 1821 Craig Led. D?‘awing ii. 128 They allowed such an excessive brownness in their shadows, as to make them sometimes perfectly foxy. 1861 Thornbury Turner II. 342 In some of the England series there is a violent foxy tone, very hot and oppressive. 3 . Used to denote various defects of colour and quality resulting from atmospheric conditions, improper treatment, etc. 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. (1807) II. 260 The substance will be what is termed foxy. 1830 M. Donovan Dorn. Econ. I. 351 Salt, .stiffens the clammy soft dough made from new flour, and gives it a fair colour, when otherwise it would be foxy. 1846 Young Naut. Did., Foxey implies ‘ a defect in timber of a reddish cast or hue, arising from over age or other causes ’. 1877 N. W. Line. Gloss, (ed. 2), Turnips when they turn leathery are said to be foxy. 1883 in Standard 18 May 6/5 Foxy to fine ordinary Guatemala [Coffee], at 48 s. 1888 Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk ., Foxy, specked, spotted—as with spots of mould or mildew. Also, clouded or uneven in shade of colour.. Said of some bad dyeing. 1888 Lockwoods Did. Mech. Engin., Foxey , timber is said to be foxey when there is an excessive proportion of green sapwood present in it. 4 . Of beer, wine, etc. : Turned sour in the course of fermentation, not properly fermented. 1847 m Halliw. 1864 in Webster. 5 . Of grapes: Having the coarse flavour of the fox-grape. 1864 in Webster. 6 . Comb., as foxy-eyed, - red adjs. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. 26 Its inky taste, and the foxy-red sediment which it deposits .. attest the presence of iron. 1880 W. J. Florence in Theatre [U. S.) Oct. 215 The foxy- eyed party near us. Hence Fo xiness. 1875 Laslett Timber viii. 47 Oak timber..in its worst stage of ‘foxiness’. 1889 J. Jacobs FEsop's Fables I. 209 To him [early man] cunning was foxiness. + Foy, sbf Obs. [a. F. foi, later form of fei Fay so. 1 , faith.] a. Faith, allegiance, homage, b. As an asseverative exclamation. 1590 (see Fay sb. 1 3]. 1694 Congreve Double Dealer 1. iv, O foy ! Sir Paul! what do you mean ? Toy (foi), sbA Now dial . [a. Du. fooi (in Kilian foye, voye ), prob., asKilian suggests, a. Fr. voie way, journey.] A parting entertainment, pre¬ sent, cup of liquor, etc., given by or to one setting out on a journey. In different parts of Scotland applied variously to a party given in honour of a woman on the eve of her marriage; to a feast at the end of the harvest or fishing season; and the like. 1496-7 Rees. Burgh Prestwick 6 Feb. (Maitl.) 34 He said the said ba^eis was foy takaris, and held na courtis. C1645 Howell Lett. II. xii, Hoping to enjoy you before you go, and to give you a frendly foy. 1668 J. Gibson Ld. to F. Wright 24 Aug., My due deserved thanks .. for y° friendly foy you pleased to giue me at our parting. 1700 Farquhar Const. Couple 1. i, I’ll pay my foy, drink a health to my King..and away for Hungary to-morrow morning. 1741 Richardson Pamela (1824) I. xxxvii. 343 Under the notion of my foy, I slid a couple of guineas into the good woman’s hand. 1854 Phemic Millar 175 Mr. Millar could not reconcile himself to Isabella’s foy being passed over without notice. 1856 Eliza Edmonston Sk. <$• T. Shetland I si. iv. 46 At the Foys, the time-honoured toast is, The Lord open the mouths of the gray fish. 1896 Mackay Hist. Fife 4 * Kviross x. 196 The Foy or farewell supper before Martinmas was specially a ploughman's feast. Foy (.foi), v. local, intr. To go off to ships with provisions and assist them when in distress (Simson Historic Thanet iio). Hence Foyer, one who does this ; Foy-boat, a boat used by ‘ foyers’. 1813 R. Edington Coal Trade 225 Not less than 500 pilot and foy-boats. 1830 Beauties Thanet I. 71 The Foyers of this town form a numerous and hardy class. Foy ait e (f^ya|9it). Min. [f. Foy a a place in Portugal, where it is found.] A kind of syenite. 1878 Lawrence tr. Cotta's Rocks Class. 169 In the syenite group we also include.. foyaite. 1879 Rutley Study Rocks x. 108 Elaeolite is a constituent of the rocks zircon-syenite, foyaite, miascite, and ditroite. II Foyer I.fwayr). [Fr.: see note s.v. Focds r/'.] 1 . = Focus 4. 1878 A. M. Hamilton Nerv. Dis. 157 But that when the softening follows typhus fever, puerperal, and other general diseases, the foyers will be multiple. 2 . Originally, the green-room in French theatres; now usually, a large room in a theatre, concert- hall, etc., to which the audience may retire during the intervals of the performances. 1859 Sala Tw. round Clock (1861) 263 This model foyer is to have something of the Haymarket and something of the Adelphi. 1882 Harper's Mag. Feb. 327 Twice a year it is held in the foyer of the Academy of Music. Foygne, obs. form of Foin v. Foyle, Foyl(l, obs. ff. of Foal, Fool, Foil. Foyne, obs. form of Few. Foyn(e, foyr^efe, obs. forms of Foin v. and sb. Foysen, -so u;n, -zon, etc., obs. ff. Foison. Foyst(e, Foyster, var. of F'oist, Fustek. Foyte, obs. form of Foot. + F03, Obs. rare — 1 , [repr. OE. *f 6 g = MFIG. vuoc, mod.Ger. fug; cf. OE. ge-fig, and the deri¬ vative figan , Fay 7/.] Fitness ; in phr. = Ger. mit fug und recht. a 1250 Owl ,(■ Night. 184 We mu3e. .Plaidi mid fo?e and j mid ri3te. Fozy ftui'zi), a. Sc. and dial. [cf. Du. voos (in Lilian also voosch, vooghs, ‘ spongiosus, rants et levis instar fungi’) ; also Norw. Jos spongy, LG. fussig porous, spongy.] Spongy, loose-textured ; also of flesh = Foggy 3. Also Jig., ‘fat-witted’. Hence Foziness. 1821 Blackw. Mag. X. 753 The weak and young Whigs have become middle aged, and their foziness can no longer be concealed. 1823 J. Wilson Ibid. XIII. 503 A certain ingenious person .. met with a turnip of more than common foziness in his field. 1826 — Nod. Ambr. Wks. 1855 I. 15 I The language is out of condition—fat and fozy, thickwinded, ! ..and plethoric. 1894 Ian Maclaren Beside Home lirior Bush 206 He’s fair fozzy wi’ trokin’ in his gairden an’ j feeding pigs. Fra, obs. form of Fro. Frab (frasb), v. dial. [Onomatopoeic; cf. crab and frct,fratcli, etc.] trans. To harass, worry. 1848 Mrs. Gaskell M. Barton iv. (1882) 7/2, I was very frabbit with him. 1853 — Ruth III. xii. 298, I was not kind to you. I frabbed you, and plagued you from the first. 1865 B. Brierley Irkdale I. 34 What toylin an’ frabbin ther needs Through this woald to get decently poo’d. + Fra’bble, sb. Obs. rare-'. [Cf. next.] Confused wrangling. 1685 H. More Paralip. Prophet. 370 Rather a frabble of words than a distinct disagreement of senses. Fra bble, V. rare. [dim. or freq. of Frab. Cf. Brabble.] intr. To bicker, wrangle. 1885 Manc/t. Even. News 6 July 2/2 It is distinctly un¬ desirable that the matter should be made a peg on which to hang further misunderstandings and frabblings. Fracas (fraka; in U.S. fr£t*kas). Also Sc. fraca (Jam.), [a. Fr. fracas, ad. It . fracasso, vbl. sb. f. fracassare to make an uproar.] A disturb¬ ance, noisy quarrel, * row *, uproar. 1727 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to C'tess Mar Apr., He ..occasions such fracas among the ladies of gallantry that it passes description. 1785 Burns Scotch Drink 1 Let other Poets raise a fracas ’Bout vines, an’ wines, an’ drunken Bacchus. 1848 Thackeray Van. F'air xxxvi, A violent fracas took place between the infantry-colonel and his lady. II Frace’do. Obs. [modi.'L. fracedo, f. frac-idus Fbacid, after the analogy of dulcedo sweetness.] Putrefying heat. Hence Frace'dinous a., erro¬ neously frace'donous , productive of heat through putrefaction ; pertaining to putrid fermentation. 1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 253 The several sorts of Earth, are various coagulations of water, according to the difference of the Fracedinous seeds dispersed and implanted therein. Ibid. 329 The Fracedinous Odor. 1677 Hale Prim. Orig. Man. iv. ii. 306 Some Insects, .have an Origin¬ ation .. by very strength and fracedo of the Earth and Waters quickened by the vigorous Heat of the Sun. a 1691 Boyle Hist. Air xiii. (1692) 75 Their several malignant, congelative and fracedonous Natures and Qualities. Frache. ? Obs . Also 9 fraiche. A metal tray for holding glass -ware in the annealing process. 1662 Merrett tr. Nerls Art of Glass 244 After some time these Glasses are put into Iron Pans, .call’d Fraches, which by degrees are drawn, .all along the Leer, .that the Glasses may cool Gradatim. 1799 G. Smith Laboratoiy I. 167 Fraches. 1832 G. R. Porter Porcelain $ Gl. 158 The annealing oven. .is. .furnished with numerous shallow iron trays, which can be passed easily along the level bottom of the chamber. These trays are called lier-pans or fraiches. + Fra’Cid, a. Obs. [ad. L. fracid-tts, f. frac -, frax lees of oil.] Rotten from over-ripeness. 1655 G. S. Let. to Hart lib in Ref Covimw. Bees 23 Insects . .is. .Natures recreation, which she out of the fracid ferment of putrifying Bodies doth form. 1656 Blount Glossogr ., Fracid , more then ripe, rotten-ripe, putrified. 1721 in Bailey. 1866 Treas. Bot., Fracid , Of a pasty texture; between fleshy and pulpy. Fracin, fraclme, var. of Frecken sb. Obs. Frack, Sc. var. of Freck, Obs. Fracle, obs. form of Freckle. t Fract, ppl> a. Obs. [ad. L .fract-us, pa. pple. of fr angere to break.] a. Broken, cracked, b. Of a number : Fractional. 1547 Boorde Brev. Health lxx. 29b, A mans skull..may be fract or broken. 1715 Phil. Trans. XXIX. 211 Mr. Newton introduced into his Analytical Computations, the Fract, Surd, Negative and Indefinitive Indices of Digni¬ ties. t Tractable,^. Arch. Obs. [f.prec. + Table.] (See quot. 1862.) Also Fractabling*. 1688 R. Holme Armoury in. 451/2 Of the outsides of an House, .are. .the Fractablesand Corbells. 1862 Diet. Arch. (Arch. Publ. Soc.), Fract able, or Fract Table ; Fractabling at Liverpool. A term used, in the middle ages, for the crest table or coping running up and down the gables of a building. Fra*cted,///. a. [f. L. fract- (see prec.) + -ed 1 .] + 1 . Broken, in various senses. Of a number: Fractional. Obs. 1547 Boorde Brev. Health §321 If. .the memory [be] fracted with the pregnance of it [some matter above his capacity]. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V % 11. i. 1^0 His heart is fracted and corroborate. 1607 — Timon 11. i. 22 My reliances on his fracted dates Have smit my credit. 1674 Jeake Arith. (1696)161 If the Addends be Fracted Geodaeticals. .Then proceed in the Addition with the Fractions. 1706 \V. Jones Syn. Palmar. MatJieseos 163 This Proportion will hold, whether ?i be. .Whole, Fracted, or Surd Quantity. 2 . Her. Having a part displaced as if broken. 1828-40 Berry Encycl. Her. I. Fracted, broken or parted asunder..[e. g.] a fesse debruised, fracted or removed. Fractile (frce-ktil), a. [f. as prec. + -ilk 1 .] FRACTION. 504 FRiENULUM. Pertaining to fraction or breakage; indicating lia¬ bility to breakage or cleavage. 1737 Bailey vol. II, Fractile. Frail or Brittle. 1893 Scribner's Mag. Apr. 470/2 The fractile lines of the sand- stone. Fraction ’frre-kjan), sb. Also 4-6 fraccion, -yon. [a. OF .fraccion (Fr. fraction), ad. eccl.L. fractidn-em, n. of action f. frangZre to break.] 1 . The action of breaking : a. in the Eucharist: the breaking or dividing of the bread. 1504 Atkynson tr. De Imitatione n. xi. ipo Many foloweth hym to be parteners of the fraccyon of his brede. 1602 T. Fitzherbert Apol. 50 Though it may be said .. that he suffreth fraction or breaking in the Sacrament when it is broken..yet [etc.]. 1737 Waterland Eucharist 67 The distributing the Bread to the Company, after the Benediction and Fraction, was customary among the Jews. . 1877 J. D. Chambers Div. Worship 377 The Fraction is the most solemn, ancient, and significant Action of the whole of the Formulary of Consecration. + b. with reference to material things in general, and to lines, etc.; also, refraction (of light). Obs. 1571 Digges Pantom. 1. xxi. Gjb, Glasses transparent, whiche by fraction should vnite or dissipate the images. 1612 Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 2 7 x Fraction is the breaking of some matter with ones hand, or with an instru¬ ment. 1656 tr. Hobbes' Eletn. Philos. (1839) *95 The hiding or curvation of a strait line into the circumference of a circle..is fraction continually increasing. 1684 Burnet Th. Earth 1. iii. 30 Several parcels of Nature that retain still the evident marks of fraction and mine. 1813 T. Busby Lucretius 1. Comment, xxi, Had compound bodies been subject to unlimited fraction. c. with reference to immaterial things; chiefly in obsolete uses, e.g. a disturbance (of the mind), an infraction or rupture (of the peace). 1547 Boorde Brev. Health 27 This impediment [dreames] . .may come, .specially of fraction of the mynde. 1627-77 Feltham Resolves 11. v. 170 When the Affections are glewed to the world, Death makes not a Dissolution, but a Fraction. 1721 Strype Eccl. Mem. I. iv. 51 The French king having lost his friendship by divers fractions of the peace with England. 1842 Sir H. Taylor Edwin the Fair 1. v, The blackbird sang us forth..loud and full at first..then with pause And fraction fitfully. + 2 . The result of breaking; the state of being broken; a broken place, breach, fissure, rupture; spec, in Surg. a fracture. Obs. 1587 Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1349/1 Healing of bones broken, termed commonlie fractions. 1658 A. Fox Wurtz ’ Surg. 11. vii. 67 Carefully feel with your finger, whether there be any fraction. 1685 Travestin Siege Newheusel 20 We..made large Fractions in the Bastion. 1690 T. Burnet Th. Earth in. 36 If we had seen the mountains, .when the earth was fresh broken, .the fractions . .of them would have appear’d very gastly. 1705 Cherry in Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 22 A fall..caus’d a great fraction in my nose. 1798 W. Blair Soldier'sFriend 74 Wounds, fractions, and dislocations. + 3 . An interruption of good feeling or harmony; discord, dissension ; a rupture. In early use also: A breach of the peace, brawling. Obs. 1502 Ord. Crys/en Men (W. de W. 1506) iv. ix. 193 Whiche taketh wylfully ony persone..in the chyrcheyarde. .or y e whiche there maketh ony fraccion. 1591 Horsey Trav. (Hakl. Soc.) 262 Betwen the Poll and them fractions, and factions among themselves. 1606 Shaks. Tr. Cr. 11. iii. 107. 1670 Cotton Espernon 11. vi. 262 By which means., a fraction betwixt them must of necessity ensue, a 1713 Shaftesbury Char. (1749) III. 143 Fractions at Court.—Ship¬ wreck of Ministrys. 1721 [see 1 c]. 4 . Something broken off; a disconnected portion; a fragment, scrap, small piece. Said with refer¬ ence both to material and immaterial things. By fractions : piecemeal, by halves. Now rare. 1606 Shaks. Tr. # Cr. v. ii. 158 The fractions of her faith, orts of her loue. 1607 — Timon 11. ii. 220. 1641 Prynne Ant ip. To Rdr., My primitive intention was, to have pre¬ sented thee with this. .Antipathy intirely at the same instant without fractions. 1656 Davenant Siege Rhodes 1. To Rdr., Why my numbers are so often diversify’d and fall into short fractions. 1657 Sanderson Pref. to Serin. (1681) § 23 Whilest they are still crumbling into Fractions and Factions. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) Ik x 9 No one is disposed to be a friend by fractions. 1840 Carlyle Heroes (1858) 233 Mahomet’s followers found the Koran lying all in fractions. + b. ? A paragraph or section (of a book). Obs. 1625 Burges Pers. Tithes 44 In the next Fraction after that branch of the Statute, .it is said; Prouided alwaies[etc.]. 5 . Math. a. Arith. A numerical quantity that is not an integer; one or more aliquot parts of a unit or whole number; an expression for a definite portion of a unit or magnitude. Common or vulgar fractions are those in which the numerator and denominator are represented by numbers placed the one above, the other below, a horizontal line. Sometimes fraction is used for ‘vulgar fraction’, or for a quantity expressed by means of a numerator and denominator; e.g. ‘ the fraction ^ = 2 ’. For complex , compound , continued , decimal , proper and improper fractions , see those words. c 1391 Chaucer Astrol. Prol. § 3 Smallest fraccions ne wol nat ben shewed in so smal an instrument. 1542 Rf.corde Cr. Aries 130 b, Thenne maye I boldly enstructe you in y® arte of fractions or broken nomber. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World 11. (1634) 214 But the very minutes and lesser fractions were to be observed by him. 1668 Wilkins Real Char. 393 A Fraction may be exprest..by the Adjective Neuter. 1705 Arbuthnot Coins (J.), Pliny put a round number near the truth, rather than a fraction. 1811 W. Irving in Life <$* Lett. (1864' I. 269 This place would suit you to a fraction. 1812-16 Playfair Nat. Phil. II. 243 The deflection..if [ reduced to feet, comes out 16 and a small fraction. 1827 Hutton Course Math. I. 86 The vulgar fraction may be reduced to a decimal, then joined to the integer, and the root of the whole extracted. 1838 De Morgan Ess.Probab. 30 The probability of an event is measured by the fraction which the number of favourable cases is of all that can happen. 1846 Greener Sc. Gunnery 392 The Belgians too find the same result to a fraction. 1847 Grote Greece 1. xxviii. (1862) III. 43 The village is a fraction, but the city is an unit. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. 11 The fraction which denotes the ratio of the two distances is sometimes termed the representative fraction. b. Alg. An expression analogous to an arithme¬ tical vulgar fraction, in which the numerator and denominator are algebraical terms or expressions. 1812-16 Playfair Nat. Phil. (1819) I. 39 This fraction is a maximum, when the denominator A + B + [etc.] is a minimum. Hence Fra'ction v., to break into fractions or pieces. Fra*ctionlet, a small fragment. 1830 Carlyle in Froude Life in Lond. (1882)11. 88 Wrote a fractionlet of verse, entitled * The Beetle '. 1840 — Heroes ii. 47 The Nation fractioned and cut asunder by deserts. Fractional (fnekfanal), a. [f. Fraction + -al.] Of, pertaining to, or dealing with a fraction or fractions; comprising or constituting a fraction ; of the nature of a fraction. Hence, Incomplete, partial, insignificant. Fractional currency (see quot.). Fractional distillation', see Distillation 3. i675 0 GiLBYi>rz 7 . Pref., Not regardingthe Fractional Parts of a Mile, a 1806 Fox Speech , Proc. Ld. Melville Sp. 1815 VI. 584 The right honourable gentleman, .has amused the House with an account of fractional sums of 8^. 6 d., 14$., and 2 s. 1828 D’Israeli Chas. /, II. ii. 32 At length we are surprised that these fractional disputes close into one mighty ..enmity. 1858 Mill Liberty iv. (1865) 45/1 The interest which society has in him individually, .is fractional. 1861 Goschen For. Each. 102 Realizing a fractional profit for the convenience which they afford. 1879 Webster, Supp., Fractional currency , small coin, or paper notes, in circu¬ lation, of less value than the monetary unit. 1892 Daily News 20 Dec. 7/3 Messrs. B. decline to accept Messrs. M.’s fractional certificates in exchange for bonds. Hence Fractionally adv., in a fractional manner or degree; by a fraction or fractions. 1883 Daily News 7 Nov. 4/7 American prices were firm, but foreign Government stocks receded fractionally. 1888 Ibid. 4 Dec. 7/2 A surplus, applied to augment that dividend fractionally. Fractionary (fne'kjbnari), a. [f. Fraction + -ary 2 . Cf.Yr.fractionnaire .] a. = Fractional. b. Dealing with or carried on by fractions or frag¬ ments. C. Tending to divide into fractions. a. 1674 Jeake Arith. (1696) 32 But the further practise therewith must be referred to Fractionary or Contract Operations. 1847 Gilfillan in Tait's Mag. XIV. 523 To discharge even a fractionary part of what would never in whole be defrayed. b. 1840 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. I. 128 Fritters away my time in fractionary writing. 1847 De Quincf.y in Tait's Mag. XIV. 666 Beyond what can be supplied by the frac¬ tionary life of petty brokerage or commerce. C. 1867 Contemp. Rev. V. 154 The ‘fractionary’ eccle¬ siastical spirit of the African Christians has been traced in the enormous numbers of the African bishops. Fractionate (fne'kjan^t), v. [f. Fraction -1--ate 3 .] trans . To separate (a mixture) by dis¬ tillation or otherwise into portions of differing properties. Hence Fraxtionated ppl. a.; Pra c- tionation, the action of fractionating. 1867 W. R. Bowditch Coal Gas 5 These heavy oils were obtained by passing the gas over carefully fractionated pure light coal oils. 1878 Kingzett A mm. Chem. 210 It may., be separated from that substance by a process of fractiona¬ tion. 1894 Nature 23 Aug. 410/2 By fractionating Russian petroleum the author had obtained hydrocarbons [etc.]. Fractionize (fne'kjanaiz),^. [f. Fraction+ -ize.] trails. (and absol.) To break up into fractions. 1675 Collins in Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men (1841) I. 216 If the second term of an equation be wanting, the penultimate may be removed into the room of it .. and that without fractionizing. 1831 Southey in Q. Rev. XLV. 443 They fractionize, they divide. 1841 Fraser's Mag. XXIV. 207 To .. fractionise. .the Conservative party, would be an act of treachery. 1872 Contemp. Rev. XX. 583 All of these frag¬ mentary ideas, .fractionize, but do not resolve the problem. Fractious (frarkjhs), a. [f. Fraction (sense 3), after captious , etc. The original sense seems to have been ‘ disposed to make breaches, factious ’ ; the more trivial use now current may be due to association with Fratch.] Refractory, unruly; now chiefly, cross, fretful, peevish; esp. of children. 1725 De Foe Voy. ?‘ound World (1840) 353 Having had an account how mutinous and fractious they had been. 1776 Foote Capuchin 111. Wks. 1799 II. 399 The young slut is so headstrong and fractious. 1824 W. Irving T. Trav. II. 30 A terrible peevish fractious fellow. 1847 Alb. Smith Chr. Tadpole lxi. (1879) 5 10 Paby would be getting so very fractious. 1857 Buckle Civilisation vii. 402 The fractious and disloyal conduct of many of the hierarchy. 1880 L. Wallace Ben-Hur ix. 46 Men struggling doubtfully with fractious cows and frightened sheep. transf. 1821 Coleridge in Blackw. Mag. X. 261 The fractious noise of the dashing of a lake on its border. Hence Fractiously adv. ; Fraxtiousness. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Fractiousness. 1736 — (folio), Fractiously. 1753 Miss Collier Art Torment. 159 She will, .ask your pardon, .for having indulged your own frac¬ tiousness. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 54 The treason of Russell is to be attributed partly to fractiousness. ’ 1858 Polson Law $ L. 99 His fractiousness, and his want of patience. 1878 Mrs. II. Wood Pomeroy. Abb. (ed. 3) 122 4 How stupid you are, Bridget! * she fractiously said. Fracture (frse’ktiur), sb. Also 6 fractour. [a. Fr. fracture , ad. L. fr act lira , f. fract - ppl. stem of frangere to break.] 1 . The action of breaking or fact of being broken ; breakage; spec, in Surg. (the earliest use), the breaking of a bone, cartilage, etc. 1541 R. Copland Galyen's Terap. 2Bj, Ye must begyn the lygature at thevlcerate party, in ledynge it towarde the hole partye, as Hyppocrates wylleth in the fractour of bones. 1677 Hale Prim. Orig. Man. 1. i. 38 Without any great fracture of the more stable and fixed parts of Nature. 1720 De Foe Capt. Singleton xiv. (1840) 241 The shock of the air, which the fracture in the clouds made. 1832 Babbage Econ. Manuf. iv. (ed. 3) 33 Time is requisite for producing the fracture of the ice. 1878 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. (1879) II. 39 Fracture of the sterno-costal cartilages is a rare accident. fig. 1842 Ld. Cockburn Jrnl. I. 315 Preparations have begun to be made for. .fracture of the Church. 2 . The result of breaking; a crack, division, split; + a broken part, a splinter. 1641 ‘ Smectymnuus ’ Answ. -§ 18 (1653)71 Their Fractures were so many, they knew not which Religion to chuse if they should turne Christians. 1651 Ter. Taylor Holy Dying iv. § 8 (1727) 177 Reconcile the fractures of his family. 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 1. v. 16 Besides, the losse of his Launce, though it stuck emblematically on his sides, yet the fractures went to his heart. 1798 W. Clubbe Omnium 33 He got off his box, and went to splicing the fractures [of the harness]. 1814 Scott Ld. of Isles v. vi, O’er chasms he pass’d, where fractures wide Craved wary eye and ample stride. 1832 De La Beche Geol. Man. (ed. 2) 29 No appearances of fracture are visible in the hills. 1876 J. S. Brewer Eng. Stud. ii. (1881) 78 They admitted no such fracture in the chain of our political existence. b. Surg. For comminuted\ compound, simple fracture , see those words. 1525 tr. Brunswick's Surg. G iiij, If the fracture be lytell it shall be cured like y e contusyon aforesayd. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 306/2 Whether it be a wounde ora Fracture. 1633 G. Herbert Temple , Repentance vi, Fractures well cur’d make us more strong. 1656 Ridgley Pract. Physick 161 Fractures of the Nose, Cheek-bones, .fasten again in twenty or twenty-four days. 1789 W. Buchan Dom. Med. (1790) 593 The art of reducing fractures. 1835-6 T odd Cycl. Anat. I. 443/1 In one [bone] the fracture had not united. 1843 Bethune Sc. Fireside Stor. 11 The fracture was a simple one. fg. 1859 Holland Gold F. vi. 98 Old fractures of charac¬ ter that refuse to unite. 3 . The characteristic appearance of the fresh sur¬ face in a mineral, when broken irregularly by the blow of a hammer. More fully, surface of fracture. 1794 Sullivan View Nat. I, Sparkling in its fracture like sugar. 1812-16 J. Smith Panorama Sc. <$• Art I. 2 The fracture of which is of a dark colour. 1830 Herschel Stud. Nat. Phil. 1. iii. 47 The rock at once splits with a clean fracture. 1831 Brewster Optics xii. 101 The two surfaces of fracture were absolutely black. 1869 Phillips Vesuv. iii. 65 It breaks with a resinous fracture. + 4 . = Fraction 5. Obs.~ l 1674 Jeake Arith. (1696) 230 Forasmuch as alwayes an whole Year, .is not the subject of the Question. .but some¬ times Parts or Fractures of the whole are useful. 5 . Phonology. The euphonic substitution of a diphthong for a simple vowel, owing to the influence of a following consonant (in OE. h, /, r ); the diphthong so produced. 1891 A. L. Mayhew O. E. Phonol. § 81 Short eo corre¬ sponds to Germ e , as the result of fracture before final h. Ibid. § 84 eo=io the fracture of Germ, i before /z-f-cons. 6. attrib. and Comb., as fracture-bed , - bedstead ; fracture-surface ( = sense 3). 1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 102/1 * Fracture Beds. Ibid. 102/2 ^Fracture Bedstead. 1805-17 R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed. 3) 135 The *fracture-surfaces or planes thus exposed. Fracture (frce’ktiiu), v . [f. prec. sb.] 1 . trans. To cause a fracture in, esp. a bone, etc.; to break the continuity of; to crack. [1612-1794 see the ppl. adj.] 1803 M. Cutler in Life , frills. e while pat we bere pis fraiel body, we can not be wipoute synne. 1545 Joye Exp. Dan. ii. 28 b, Because the toes were parte yerne and parte baked erthe, this empyre shalbe partely stronge and partely frayle and weak. 1593 Shaks. Lucr. 227 Wil not my tongue be mute, my fraile ioints shake? 1611 Bible Ps. xxxix. 4 That I may know how fraile I am. 1790 Beatson Nav. $ Mil . Mem. I. 291 The Governor and Council, .knowing the frail condition of the place, were greatly alarmed. 1853 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 222 Too weak and frail to be out of bed. 1871 R. Ellis Catullus lxv. 18 Lest, .these words. .Seem too soon from a frail memory fallen away. b. dial. (See quot.) [Cf. 1387 in 5.] 1886 S. IV. Line. Gloss.,Frail, weak-minded, timid, frightened : as 1 She was born frail, poor lass.’ 3 . Morally weak; unable to resist temptation ; 1 habitually falling into transgression. Now sometimes applied as a half-jocular euphemism, to a woman who lives unchastely or has fallen from virtue. a 1340 Hampole Psalter xxiv. 8 See how frele I am of kynd. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. 111. 117 Heo is frele of hire Flesch, Fikel of hire tongue. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xxii. § 10 In our speech of most holy things, our most fraile affections many times are bewrayed. 1667 Milton P. L. iii. 404 Purposed not to doom frail Man So strictly. 1713 Young Force Relig. 1. (1757) 54 Though with ill frail nature will be mov'd, I’ll bear it well. 1824 W. Irving T. Trav. I. 250 The leniency of one who felt himself to be but frail. 1868 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) II. vii. 90 Most likely a child of the frail Abbess of Leominster. • \ 4 . Tender. Obs . 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. viii. 31 That sight, .smote Deepe indignation and compassion frayle Into his hart. 5 . Comb., as frail-bodied, -Jloreted, dived, -strung, - witted . 1850 Lynch TJieo. Trin. xi. 211 Trinal was a *frail-bodied man. i860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. vi. i. § 1 Infinite orchards wreathing the hills with *frail-floretted snow. 1859 Ld. Lytton IVafiderer (ed. 2) 204 ^Frail-lived April’s new- liest nurtured blossoms. 1820 Keats Lamia 1. 309 The self-same pains Inhabited her *frail-strung heart. 1387 T. Usk Test. Loi'e iii. vii (Skeat) 57 *Freelwitted people supposen in such poesies to be begyled. Hence + Frailful a. [ + -ful], extremely frail. FraiTish a . [ + -ish], somewhat frail, feeble. Frailly adv., in a frail manner. a 1300 Cursor M. 25689 Man .. bat frelli fra pi [God's] frenscep fell, a 1541 Wyatt Domine ne in furore tuo Poet. Wks. 216, I know my frailful wickedness. 1630 J. Taylor (W ater P.) Whore 33 Wks. 11. 108/2 King Dauid frailely fell. 1854 Lowell Lett. (1894) I. 209 A rather frailish kind of stuff, i860 Chamb. Jml. XIV : 50 The two gar¬ ments linked frailly by a half-yard of string. Frailness (fwHnes). Now rare. [f. Frail a. + -ness.] The quality of being frail; liability to be broken or destroyed, fragility; lack of per¬ manence ; weakness, physical or mental; moral weakness, inability to resist temptation. a 1300 Cursor M. 25337 Thurgh frelnes of oure fless. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. iv. pr. ii. 87 (Camb. MS.) Yif thou knowe clerly the frelenesse of yuel, the stidefastnesse of good is knowen. C1380 Wyclif Sel. Whs. III. 405 Freel- nesse and towghnesse [of bread]. 1447 Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.) 195 In a uergyn pure The freelnesse took of oure nature, c 1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 108 3 e must con- syder the frelnes of mankende. 1509 Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) 236 Let hir [fortune] passe and hir fraylenes defye. 1535 Coverdale Rom. xv. 1 We that are stronge ought to beare y* fraylenesse of them which are weake. 1545 Rich¬ mond. Wills (Surtees) 55 After mannes fraylnes of con- dycons deyth to every creatour is certan. 1687 J. Norris Misc ., Of Courage 166 There is nothing among all the frailnesses and uncertaintys of this sublunary world so tottering and unstable as the virtue of a Coward. 1871 Browning Balaust. 160 Pity for the frailness found in flesh. 1882 C. A. Davis in Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. cxix. 81-8 The depression arising from mortal frailness. Frailty (ire 1 *lti). [ad. OF. frailettt L. fragi - litdt-em, 1. fragilis Fragile.] 1 . Liability to be crushed or to decay, either in a material or immaterial sense; perishableness, weakness; an instance of this; + also, a frail feature or spot, a flaw. Now rare. 1382 Wyclif Heb. vii. 28 The lawe ordeynede men prestis hauynge sykenesse or freelte. C1400 Maundev. (1839) Prol. 5 Mynde of Man ne may not ben comprehended ne withe- holden, for the Freeltee of Mankynde. 1593 NASHEFu bohhtesst tatt itt mihhte wel Till mikell frame turrnenn. c 1250 Gen. Ex. 2540 Pharao .. dede < 5 e ebris frame. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 9604 Sey..‘ Y crysten \>e [etc.]'. .And }ive what thou wylt hyt a name, And kast on water ; than ys hyt frame, c 1330 — Chron. 162 We trowe it is our frame, his resurrectioim. II. Action or manner of framing. + 2 . The action of framing, fashioning, or con¬ structing ; a contrivance. Obs. 1558 Bp. Watson Sev. Sacrain. i. 3 He openeth our eyes to see the frames of our epemyes. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado iv. i. 191 The practise of it Hues in John the bastard, Whose spirits toile in frame of villanies. 1642 Rogers Naaman 28 The first happy moover in this frame of miraculous cure. 1645 Ussher Body Div. (1647) q 6 A man which will teach a child in the frame of a letter, will first teach him one line of the letter. + b. ? nonce-use. Upbringing. Cf. Frame v. 5d. 1632 Lithgow Trav. v. i82ThouTharsus, brookes a glorious name, For that great Saint, who in Thee had his frame. 3 . The manner or method of framing; construc¬ tion, structure; constitution, nature. 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. i. 31 The goodly frame. And stately port of Castle Joyeous. 1607 Topsf.ll Four-f Beasts 3 Apes do. .resemble men .. in the inward frame of the hand. 1705 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. II. 204 Upon Account of the whole frame of the act. 1736 Butler Anal. 1. v. 126 We have in our inward frame various affections. 1829 Lytton Devereux 1. iii, My youngest brother, .was of a very different disposition of mind and frame of body. 1884 Sir J. Pearson in Laiv Times Rep. LI 11 . 6/1 There was a trust created, .which might be enforced even though the deed in its form and frame were inoperative. 4 . An established order, plan, scheme, system, esp. of government. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado iv. i. 130 Grieu’d I, I had but one? Chid I, for that at frugal Natures frame? 1605 — Macb. iii. ii. 16 But let the frame of things dis-ioynt, Both the Worlds suffer. 1630 Prynne Anti-Armin. 118 Which ouerthrowes the whole foundation, frame, and method of the Scriptures. 1694 Atterbury Serm. (1723) I. iv. 150 The Law of Moses, .had nothing in the Frame and Design of it apt .. to recommend it to its Professors. 1759 Franklin Ess. Wks. 1840 III. 180 Mr. Penn left his frame at least in a very imperfect state. 1825 Macaulay Ess., Milton (1854) 22 His death dissolved the whole frame of society. 1844 Ld. Brougham Brit. Const, xvii. (1862) 253 The democratic principle enters largely into the frame of our mixed monarchy. + b. A form or arrangement of words; a for¬ mula ; a form of reasoning, type of syllogism. Obs. 1603 Daniel Def. Rhime Wks. (1717) 7 All verse is but a Frame of Words. 1628 T. Spencer Logick 273 This frame containes a proposition negatiue vniversall, an assumption affirmatiue speciall, and a conclusion negatiue speciall. 1646 Bp. Maxwell Btird. Issach. in Phenix (1708) II. 261 To make this frame good, they maintain, that [etc.]. 1739 G. Ogle Gualth. 4* Gris. 66 Take, for your Plan, some old Pontific Frame. t c. ? Warlike array ; a host. Obs. c 1430 Hymns Virg. 44 pe deuelis gadriden per greet frame, And heelden per perlament in pe myst. 1 5 . Adapted or adjusted condition ; definite form, regular procedure; order, regularity, * shape \ Frequent in phrases (to bring , set, etc.) in, into , out of, to (a good, etc.) frame. Obs. 1494 Fabyan Chron. v. cvi. 80 Arthur by his marcyal knyghthode, brought theym in such frame .. that [etc.]. 1535 Coverdale Bible Ded., It causeth all prosperite, and setteth euery thyng in frame. 1581 Mulo.ster Positions xx. (1887) 84 It [walking] is good for. .the throte, the chest, when they be out of frame. 1602 Shaks. Ham. iii. ii. 321 Good my Lord put your discowrse into some frame. 1641 V ind. Smectymnuus xm. 125 To plant and erect Churches to their due frame. 1695 Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth iv. (1723) 199 The Strata, .owe their present Frame and Order to the Deluge. 1718 Swift Horace's Odes iv. ix. 9 Your steady soul preserves her frame. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1757) II. 41 When Nature finds any Member, .weakened or out of Frame. 1801 W. Seward Vordes Cave 2 Box-trees are cut into a curious frame. 1810 Scott Lady of L. i. xxxii, To her lips in measured frame The minstrel verse spontaneous came. 6. Mental or emotional disposition or state (more explicitly, frame of mind, soul , etc.), a. Natural or habitual disposition, temper, turn of thought, etc. (now rare), b. Temporary posture of mind, state of feeling, mood, condition of temper. Frames and feelings : often used in religious literature of the 18th and 19th c. as a disparaging term for emotional states as a criterion of the reality of spiritual life. a. c 1665 Mrs. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1846) 31 So had he the most merciful, gentle, and compassionate frame of spirit. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 167 p 3, I am a Fellow of a very odd Frame of Mind. #1754 Fielding Char. Wks. 1784 I X. 409 That heavenly frame of soul, of which Jesus Christ himself was the most perfect pattern. 1878 Bosw. Smith Carthage no It did not occur to a body of so conservative a frame of mind, that [etc.]. b. 1665 Boyle Occas. Refl. (1845) 28 The way of think¬ ing we would recommend, does very much dispose men to an attentive frame of mind. 1702 C. Mather Magn. Chr. iii. xvi. 117 He would compose himself unto a most heavenly Frame in all things. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. xv, In this thankful frame I continued, c 1741 Brainerd in Edwards’Z.^ i. (1851) 3 All my good frames were but self- righteousness. 1774 Fletcher Ess. on Truth Wks. 1795 IV. 114 The modish doctrine of a faith without frame and feeling. 1806 A. Knox Rem. I. 10 The concluding stanza shews .. in what frame he wrote. 1828 E. Irving Last Days 45 Hence arose that substitution of frames and feelings for the sacraments, .of the church. 1838 J. H. Newman Par. Serm. (1839) IV. viii. 144 Consider the different frames of mind we are in hour by hour. 1874 Stubbs Const. Hist. 1 . xiv. 131 He was in no patient frame. III. A framed work, structure. * generally. 7 . A structure, fabric, or engine constructed of parts fitted together. Now obs. or arch., exc. in the particular applications under 8, 9. f In early Sc. applied spec, to a rack; in 16-18th c. to a gal¬ lows, an easel, a scaffolding, etc. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints , Laurent ins 338 par-eftyre gert hyme straucht In til framis with al bare macht. Ibid. Agatha 168 He gert strek hire in a frame, & torment hir in syndry vyse. 15.. Hickscorner in Hazl. Dodslcy 1 . 158 Yea, at Tyburn there standeth the great frame, And some take a fall that maketh their neck lame. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 147 The way of perfeccyon is as a frame, in the whiche one thynge dependeth of an other. 1558 Phaer rEneid iv. 653 Make out with ores, in ships, in boates, in frames. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Hush. 1. (1586) 41b, They use a greater Sythe. .fenced with a crooked frame of stickes. 1632 Lithgow Trav.v. 171 At lerusalem I lodg’d.. in a Cloystred frame, a 1641 Suckling Lett. Wks. (1646) 87 If I should see Van Dike with .. his Frame and right Light. 1645 Evelyn Diary { 1889) !• *89 At Naples they use a frame [a ‘ maiden \ sort of guillotine], like ours at Halifax. 1697 Dryden Alexanders Feast 162 Divine Cecilia came, Inventress of the vocal frame. 1700 — Pala- mon A. 11. 554 The gate was adamant; eternal frame. 1726 Leon 1 Albertis Archit. II. 121/2 He made use of Frames to shut out the River. f b. ? A snare; = Engine. Obs. 1509 Barclay Shyp of Folys (1874) I. 164 The deuyll .. labours to get vs in his frame. [Cf. 1558 in 2.] 8. Applied to the heaven, earth, etc. regarded as a structure. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. 21 Y e knowledge of God . .in the frame of the world and all the creatures is..plainly set forth. 1594 Marlowe & Nashe Dido v. ii, Ye gods, that guide the Starry frame .. Grant [etc.]. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 11. ii. 310 This goodly frame the Earth. 1667 Milton P. L. v. 154 These are thy glorious works, Parent of good, Almightie, thine this universal Frame. 1774 J. Bryant Mythol. II. 371 Power supreme .. to thee I sue, to thee, coeval with the mundane frame. 1856 Stanley Sinai <$• Pal. xii. (1858) 403 The thunderstorm .. begins by making the solid frame of Lebanon and Sirion to leap for fear. 9 . Applied to the animal, esp. the human body, with reference to its make, build, or constitution. 1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. iii. i, As you enter at the door, there is opposed to you the frame of a wolf in the hang¬ ings. ci6oo Shaks. Sonn. lix. 10 This composed wonder of your frame. 1617 J. Taylor (Water P.) in Shaks. C. Praise 126 His post-like legs were answerable to the rest of the great frame which they supported. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriot. Ep. Ded., How long in this corruptible Frame some Parts may be uncorrupted. 1749 Smollett Regicide 1. vi, Simple woman Is weak in intellect, as well as frame. 1775 Johnson Tax. no Tyr. 65 Amidst the terror which snakes my frame. 1812-16 J. Smith Panorama Sc. Art I. 298 A lever of the third sort became most admirably adapted to the animal frame. 1867 Freeman Norm. Cony. (1876) I. v. 398 One whose vigorous frame had won him his distinctive surname [Ironside]. ** A supporting or enclosing structure. 10 . A structure of timbers, joists, etc. fitted to¬ gether to form the skeleton of a building. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 176/1 Frame of a worke, fabrica. *533 Udall Flozoers Latine Speaking 84 b, Fabrica , proprely is a forge or frame of a carpenter. 1545 Act 37 Hen. VIII t c. 6 The secret burnynge of frames of tymber.. redy to be sett up, and edified for houses. 1579 Nottingham Rec. (1889) IV. 182 For the frame of the house at Fre Scole. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 505 Great Castles made of Trees vpon Frames of Timber, .were anciently matters of Magnificence. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 132 Taking away the wooden Blocks .. from under the corners of the Frame, they let it fall into its place. 1741 P. Tailfer, etc. Narr. Georgia 107 The Frame of the Orphan-house is up. 1835 W. Irving Tour Prairies 251 The bare frames of the lodges, and the brands of extinguished fires, alone marked the place. b. A building; in later use, one composed chiefly or entirely of wood. Obs. exc. U.S. c 1425 Found. St. Bartholomew's (E. E. T. S.) 13 He reysid vppe a grete frame. 1509 in C. Welch Tower Bridge (1894) 85 A Trinite and ij aungellis set in the new Frame upon the bridge. ^1639 in Quincy Hist. Harvard Univ. (1840) 1 . 452 The frame in the College yard. 1667 Boston Rec. (1881) VII. 37 The Complaint of seuerall Inhabitants of a frame sett vp. 1766 Entick London IV. 334 A large .. frame of timber and brick was set thereon. 1884 N. Y. Herald 27 Oct. 4/6 The house is a three story frame, and was full of guests at the time. 11 . A structure which serves as an underlying support or skeleton, or of which the parts form an outline or skeleton not filled in. In mod. dialects used for the skeleton of a person or animal (see Cheshire and Wilts. Glossaries, E. D. S.). 1536 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 183 To Wesburne, carpenter, settyng upon the frame and bells in St. Fryswides steple, xiiijj. 1579 E. K. Gloss. Spenser’s Sheph. Cal. Nov. 161 Beare , a frame, whereon they vse to lay the dead corse. 1657 R. Ligon Barbadoes (1673) Index 84 The Frame where the Coppers stand, .is made of Dutch Bricks. 1665 Boyle Occas. Refl. v. x. (1845) 335 For plac¬ ing broken Looking-glasses upon a moveable Frame betwixt their Nets. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. ii. 20 Lay there all night, upon our Barbecu’s, or frames of Sticks. 1816 J. Smith Patiorama Sc. Sf Art II. 26 The tube and basin are fixed to a frame of wood. 1833 J. Holland Manuf. Metal II. 143 The whole of the machine is made of iron, the length and breadth of the frame being regulated according to the size of the article to be turned. 1846 Young Naut. Did. 310 The paddle-shafts and intermediate shaft rest on the top of a strong frame. 1853 Ure Did. A rts 1 .1086 The powerful uprights or standards called housing frames, of cast iron, in which the gudgeons of the rolls are set to revolve. 1858 Sim- monds Did. Trade , Frame, .the ribs or stretchers for an umbrella or parasol. 1866 Rogers Agric. $ Prices I. xxi. 542 The frame or body of the cart. 1884 Longm. Mag. Mar. 486 The terrible jars which its rubberless wheels and springless frame communicated to the system of the rider. fg. 1642 Rogers Naamati Ep. Ded. 1 These two Graces . .are the chiefe frame of these my ensuing lectures. b. Hot'ology. (See quots.) 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn., Frame is the Out-work of a Clock or Watch, consisting of the Plates and Pillars. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch <5- Clockm. 106 [The] Frame .. [com¬ prises] the plates of a watch or clock that support the pivots of the train. c. Printing. (See quot. 1874.) 1683 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 11 .22. 1874 Knight Did. Mech. I. 912/2 Frame. .7 ( Printing) a desk containing two pairs of cases, containing roman and italic letters for the use of a compositor (see Case), or the stand supporting them. d. A T aut. (See quots.) 1769 Falconer Did. Marine (1789) Db, A frame of tim¬ bers. .is composed of one floor-timber .. whose arms branch outward to both sides of the ship : two or three futtocks .. and a top timber. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Frames, the bends of timbers constituting the shape of the ship’s body —when completed a ship is said to be in frame. 1883 Nares Const. Iroticlad 4 The frames, which correspond to the ribs or timbers of a wooden ship are of iron about £ inch thick. 12 . That in which something, esp. a picture, pane of glass, etc. is set or let in, as in a border or case. c 1600 Shaks. Sonn. xxiv, My body is the frame wherin 'tis held. 1666 Pepys Diary (1890) 280 Paid him ^14 for the picture, and p 1 5^. for the frame. 1762 H. Walpole Vertues Anecd. Paint. I. iv. 89 It had a glass over it, and a frame curiously carved. 1811 A. T. Thomson Lotid. Disp. (1818) p. lxxxviii, These [filters] are generally made .. with the mouth stretched on a hoop or frame. 1849 C. Bronte Shirley xix, The mill yawned all ruinous with unglazed frames. 1892 Photogr. Rev. of Rez’. I. 452 Pictures in unusual frames. fg. 1848 C. Bronte J.Eyre xxxvii, A grass-plat, .set in the heavy frame of the forest. 13 . Hence applied to various utensils of which the ‘ frame ’ or border is an important part. 1727-41 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Frame , The founder’s Frame is a kind of ledge inclosing a board ; which being filled with sand, serves as a mould to cast their work in. 1874 Knight Did. Mech. I. 912 Frame .. 3 the head of the batten in a loom. Ibid., Frame.. 10 (Soap-making) a box whose sides are removable when required, and locked together when the soap is to be poured in. b. Embroidery and Weaving. In early use: A loom (obs.). Now short for lace-frame, stocking- frame, etc.: see also quot. 1727. The early uses should perh. be referred to sense 7 or 11. 1523 Skelton Garl. Laurel 792 The frame was brought forth with his wevyng pin. 1530 Palsgr. 222/2 Frame to worke in, metier. 1592 Davies Immort. Soul iv. x. (1714) 36 Narrow Webs on narrow Frames, are weav’d. 1727-41 Chambers Cycl., Frame is more particularly used for a sort of loom, whereon artizans stretch their linens, silks stuffs 8cc. to be embroidered, quilted or the like. 1797 Monthly Mag. III. 243 Many frames are entirely stopped, and others but partially employed. 1812 Examiner 11 May 291/2 Frames . .indisputably lessen the number of workmen. 1849 James Woodman ii, Two young girls .. sat near with tall frames before them, running the industrious needle in and out. 64-2 508 FRAME. FRAME. 1849 C. Bronte Shirley i, He expects two waggon loads of frames and shears. c. Horticulture. A glazed structure, portable or fixed, for protecting seeds and young plants from frost, etc. 1664 Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 207 Covering, .the Tree.. with a glaz’d Frame. 1782 Cowper Pineapples Bee 9 The frame was tight, And only pervious to the light. 1858 Glenny Gant. Every-day Bk. 276/1 Stocks .. are mostly sown in frames. 1882 Garden 4 Feb. 73/3 The whole of these were placed in.. a propagating frame. 14 . Mining . (See quots.) 1747 Hooson Miners Diet., Frame, This is for Sinking in Sand and Water, .it is made of four good Planks, .placed in the Top of a Sand, [it] may be let down with ease enough as one Sinks. 1869 R* B. Smyth Goldf Victoria 612 Frame of Timber—Differs (as some say) from a ‘set’ in width, and the legs are placed perpendicularly. 1875 J. H. Collins Metal Mining Gloss., Frame , an inclined board over which a gentle stream of water is made to flow, for the purpose of washing away the waste from small portions of ore which are placed upon it from time to time. 15 . attrib. and Co?)ib. General relations: a. simple attrib., as (sense 10) frame-building, -cot¬ tage, - dwelling ; (sense 11) frame-boat\ (sense 1 id) frame-bend , -timbers', (sense 12) frame-door ; (sense 1 3 b) frame-smith ; (sense 13 c) frame-cucumber. C1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 120 Frame-timbers , Various timbers that compose a *frame bend. 1888 T. T. Wildridge Northumbria 124 *Frame-boats covered with skins. 1858 Merc. Marine Mag. V. 93 The machinery is in a *frame building. 1881 G. W. Cable Mme. Delphine Carancro iv. 12 A little *frame cottage, standing on high pillars. 1890 Daily News 26 June 2/6 * Frame cucumbers, is. 6d. to 2 s. per dozen. 1851 Greenwell Coal-trade Terms Nor thumb. < 5 * Durh. 23 A * frame door is set in a proper frame, made for the purpose. 1725 Lond. Gaz. No. 6385/4 John Smith.. *Frame-Smith. 1861 Stamford Mercury 1 Feb. 6/2 Appren¬ ticed .. to a frame-smith. 1846 Young Naut. Diet., Frames , or * Frame-timbers, in shipbuilding, the floor timbers, which ..compose what is termed the frame. b. objective, as frame-bender, -maker, c. instru¬ mental, as frame-knit , - knitted , -knitter , -knitting, -tape , - worker. 1882 Standard 13 Oct. 2/3 The dispute originated with the *frame benders and steel platers. 1696 Lond. Gaz. No. 3226/4, 5 dozen of superfine Rolling * Frame Knit Hose. 1892 Scott. Leader 30 Mar. 5 He presented a petition from the *frame- knitters to Parliament. 1882 Caulfeild & Saward Diet. Needlework, * Frame Knitting , a description of Frame Work, which when finished has the appearance of Knitting. 1762 Walpole Vertue’s Anecd. Paint . (1765) II. 57 note, Norrice, *frame-maker to the Court. 1822 Mrs. Hofland Son of a Genius iv, His frame-maker agreeing to take his pictures off his hands. 1882 Caulfeild & Saward Diet. Needleivork, * Frame Tape, this is a stout half bleached linen tape. .The prefix * Frame * refers to the loom on which it is woven. 1812 Byron Let. to Ld. Holland 25 Feb., Prac¬ tices which have deprived the*frame-workers of employment. 16 . Special comb.: frame-breaker, one of those who resisted with violence the introduction of frames for weaving stockings, etc.; so frame- breaking ; frame-bridge (see quot.); frame-dam (see quot.); frame-level (see quot.); frame-stud, one of the uprights of the frame of a building; frame-tubbing (see quot.). Also Frame-house, Frame -3 aw. 1812 in Spirit Pub. f rnls. (1813) XVI. 160, I have had an application from Nottingham to chalk for the *frame- breakers. 1849 C. Bronte Shirley ii, I only wish .. the frames .. were safe here .. Once put up, I defy the frame- breakers. 1816 Pari. Debates 10 July, Lord Sidmouth moved the third reading of the *Frame Breaking Bill. 1863 Kingsley Water Bab. i, The frame-breaking riots, which Tom could just remember. 1882 Ogilvie, *Frame- bridge, a bridge constructed of pieces of timber framed together on the principle of combining the greatest degree of strength with the smallest expenditure of material. 1851 Greenwell Coal-trade Terms Northumb. <5* Durh. 26 A *frame-dam is formed of balks of fir wood, placed endwise against the pressure. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 913 * Frame-level, a mason’s level. 1770-4 A. Hunter Georg. Ess. (1804) II. 195 In wooden cottages, the ^frame-studs are to be six inches by five. 1883 Gres ley Gloss. Coal Mining, * Frame Tubbing, solid wood tubbing. Frame (fr^m), v. [OE. framian to be help¬ ful or profitable, to make progress, f. fram for¬ ward adj. and ado. (see From) ; cf. the equivalent ON. frama to further, advance, get on with. The cognate ON. fremja (= OE. frynman, frynian: see Freme v.) to further, execute, perform, may have influenced the development, as it has no um¬ laut in pa. t. and pa. pple. ( framtie, framdr).] + 1 . intr. To profit, be of service. Const, with dat. ; also quasi -wipers. Also, to supply the needs of. Obs. C961 i^THELWOLD Rule St.Benet Ivii. (Schroer) 95 For 5 y, \?e he bydaele )>x re stowe mid his craffte framao. c 1230 Hali Meid. 31 pat tu understonde hu lutel hit frame ‘5 ham. c 1250 Gen. $ Ex. 1642 At set time he sulden samen Sor [i. e. at the welll hem-self & here orf framen. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 11112 To nemne hem here, litel hit frames. + 2 . To gain ground, make progress; to ‘get on ’ {with ); to prosper, succeed. Also, in neutral sense with adv., to get on well, ill, etc. Obs. a 1050 LiberScintill. iv. (1889)20 Eadmodness swa micelum swa heo is ahyld to neowlum swa micelum heo frama8 [fro - fie it] on heahnysse. 1509 Barclay Shyp ofFolys (1874) II. 253 But oft full yll they frame That wyll be besy with to hye thynges to mell. 1526 Skelton Magnyf 1863 The feldfare wolde have fydled, and it wold not frame. 1550 Latimer Last Scrrn. bef. Edw. VI, Wks. I. 228 Now I could not frame with it, nor it liked me not in no sauce. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Dk. York xxiii, God that causeth thinges to fro or frame. 1577-87 Holinshed Chron. I. 186/2 When the world framed contrarie.. to his purpose. 1582 T. Watson Ccnturie of Lone lxxxi. (Arb.) 117 So frames it with mee now, that I [etc.], c 1611 Chapman Iliad iv. 13 The two. .are pleas’d to see how well the.. fight did frame. 1634 Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. 126 Even howbeit the business frame not, the Lord shall feed your soul. 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 184 It framed not according to expectation, f 3 . trans. To prepare, make ready for use; also, to furnish or adorn with. Obs. c 1250 Gen. Ex. 3146 So mikil bird so it noten mai, Ben at euen folc sum to samen, And ilc folc is to fode framen. And eten it bred. 13.. Coer de L. 1859 The knights framed the tree-castel Before the city upon a hill, c 1400 Destr. Troy 6206 A cloth all ofclene gold, Dubbit full of diamondis . .Framet ouer fresshly with frettes of perle. t 4 . To prepare (timber) for use in building; to hew out; to prepare the timbers, perform the car¬ penter’s work for (a building). Phrase, to frame and rear, frame and set up. Obs. £•1374 Chaucer Tj'oylus in. 481 (530) This timber is al redy up to frame. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 176/2 Framyn tymbyr for howsys, dolo. 1520 Whittinton Vulg. (1527) 1 To square tymbre, frame and rere ony buyldynge. c 1520 Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 205 Will’mo Caruer framyng the sayd fertter per ij dies & alias, 2 s. 2 d. 1542-3 Act 34 4 * 35 Hen. VIII, c. 25 It shalbe lawfull. .to erecte, make, frame and set vp. .one good, .windemill. 1557 Trin. Coll. Acc. in Willis & Clark Cambridge II. 472 Carpenter 4 dayes in framing tymber for y’ upper floor. 1603 Ibid. II. 491 A bargayne to frame finish and set vp y e roofe. 1707 Mortimer Husb. 302 The Carpenters Work to Hew the timber, saw it out, frame it, and set it together. 1724 in Temple & Sheldon Hist. Northfield, Mass. (1875) 199 ,1 hope the fort and houses will be framed and set up this month. 5 . To shape, give shape to; to fashion, form, a. with material obj. Obs. exc. with additional notion as in 6 and 7. *553 Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 30 They frame the roofes of these cotages with sharpe toppes. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 190 This brittle bottle framed out of clay. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. 181 The effigies of Saint Ierome, miracu¬ lous framed by the naturall veines of the stone. 1678 R. BarclAy Apol. Quakers v. xxiii. 171 The Iron .. is softned and framed. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 9 Batter it out .. pretty near its shape; and so by several Heats .. frame it into Form and Size. Ibid. 18^ The Gouge, .may. .also frame pretty near the hollow Moldings required in the Work. b. To shape, compose, give (specified) expression to (the countenance). i 5 ^ 5-73 Cooper Thesaurus, Frons castigata, a Counten¬ ance so well framed that it cannot be reprehended. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, 111. ii. 186 Why I can .. frame my Face to all occasions. 1632 J. Hayward tr. Biondis Eromena 21 The Admirall (framing the best countenance he could) departed thence. c. To shape, direct (one’s thoughts, actions, powers, etc.) to a certain purpose. Also with a person, etc. as obj., to shape the action, faculties, or inclinations of; to dispose. + In early use, to train, discipline; =Form v. 2. + Also in passive, to be in a certain frame or mood. Const, for, to, to do. 1547 J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes 210 You shall .. frame his youthe with verteous preceptes. 1552 Bk. Com. Prayer, Ordering of Deacons, To frame.. youre owne lyues.. accord¬ ing to the doctrine of Christ. 1556 Hoby tr. CastiglioJie’s Covrtyer (1577) Qii. v, The good man of the house, .firste with faire woordes, afterward with threatninges, attempted to frame hir to do his pleasure. 1569 J. Parkhurst Injunc¬ tions, You must endeuour so to order and frame your selues in the setting foorth of Gods true Religion. 1579 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 127 Two whelpes..the one he framed to hunt, and the other [etc.]. 1599 B. Jonson Every Man out Hum. 11. i. (Rtldg.) 38/1, I cannot frame me to your harsh vulgar phrase, ’tis against my genius. 1637 Rutherford Lett, clxxxvii. (1891) 367 Frame yourself for Christ, and gloom not upon His cross. 1640 Marcombes in Lismore Papers Ser. 11. (1888) IV. 117 It will be a harder matter for me to frame them to their bookes. 1660 Pepys Diary 26 Jan., We were as merry as I could frame myself to be. 1662 Newcome Diary (Chetham Soc.) 44, I got up about 8, and was but ordinarily framed. 1675 tr. Camdehs Hist. Eliz. (ed. 3) Introd. 6 b, She. .framed her Tongue to a pure and elegant way of Speaking. 1742 Richardson Pamela III. 177 She cannot quite..frame her Mouth to the Sound j of the Word Sister. 1775 Mad. D’Arblay Let. to Mr. | Crisp 8 May in Early Diary, I cannot frame myself to anything else. 1814 Cary Dante, Par. in. no God knows how, after that, my life was framed. 1846 Keble Lyra Intioc. (1873) 150 Such is Thy silent grace, framing aright j our lowly orisons. d. To direct (one’s steps) ; to set out upon (a 1 journey). Also reft, and absol. To shape one’s j course; to betake oneself, resort. Obs. exc. dial. 1 = ‘go \ 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 169 Many .. men .. have framed themselves to my conversation. 1590 Spenser F. Q. in. i. 20 A stately Castle far away she spyde, To which her steps directly she did frame. 1598 Yong Diajia 61, I frame my selfe to the seruice of some Lord or Gentleman. 1608 Shaks. Per. Prol. 32 The beauty of this sinful dame Made many princes thither frame. 1637 Heywood Dial. i. Wks. 1874 VI. 100 Pilgrimage I’l frame Vnto the blessed Maid of Walsinghame. 1847 E. Bronte Wuthering Heights v, ‘ Frame upstairs, and make little din.’ Ibid. xiii, A threat to set Throttler on me if I did not * frame off’, rewarded^ my perseverance. 1865 B. Brierley Irkdale I. 120, I fraimt up to her and sed. e. intr. for refl., in various applications, now chiefly dial .: (a) To put oneself in a posture of doing something ; to set about, make an attempt or pretence to do; ( b ) to go about a work in a promising manner; to give promise of becoming skilful; (c) to manage, contrive, to do something. Cf. shape intr., used dialectally in all these meanings. 1602 ind Pt. Retuj'n fr. Parnass. iv. v. (Arb.) 62 Schollers must frame to Hue at a lowsayle. 16x1 Bible Judg. xii. 6 He could not frame to pronounce it right. 1634-5 Brerf.ton Trav.. (Chetham Soc.) 119The masters, .not. .knowing how to frame to till, and order their land, the ground hath been untilled. 1664 Flodden F. ix. 83 For defence they fiercely frame. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk A* Selv. 130 Before he could frame to get loose of her. 1863 Mrs. Toogood Yorksh. Dial., She frames with the butter, does Mary Ann. 1867 | Miss Parr Mr. Wynyard’s Ward II. 79, ‘ I frames to get i about, but I’se racked wi’ rheumatiz terrible—terrible.' 1876 Whitby Gloss, s.v., ‘ She frames at eating a bit'..‘ He I frames badly at wark.’ Ibid., ‘ It’s framing for wet.’ 1887 H. Smart Clevei'ly Woji iv. 31 If..the mare framed well for jumping..he would [etc.]. 1888-9 Lojig7n.Mag.YAW. 442 4 And when the other maids was back, she was framin’ to be asleep, with her cap of rushes on.’ 1894 Westm. Gaz. 15 June 5/3 He was just framing to play when a ball .. came right through the next net. 1894 Mrs. H. Ward Marcella II. 265 He frames well in speaking. 6. trans. To adapt, adjust, fit (chiefly an im¬ material object) to or into (something). c 1550 Lusty Juvejitus in Hazl. Dodsley II. 93 Unto his teaching your life ye will not frame. 1639 S. Du Verger tr. Cajuns’ Admir. Evejits 10 Rosalia, .framed her selfe unto all the humours of the Prince, a 1656 Ussher Power Princes 11. (1683) 131 To frame our wills to the chearful per¬ formance of that duty. X663GERBIER CouJisel 15 Carpenters do frame their Railes to Ballesters. Ibid. 94 Carpenters do frame them so exact to the width..of the window. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 131 They are to be framed into one another, a 1716 South Servi. (1744) 11 . 305 The desires of the righteous are., framed to an agreeableness with the ways of God. 1806 Wordsw. Intijjiations vii, Unto this he frames his song. + b. intr. for refl. To adapt oneself, conform. Of things: To suit, fit. Obs. 1533 More CoJifut. Barnes vm. Wks. 783/1 How would then those wordes frame. 1586 W. Webbe Eng. Poetrie (ArbJ 80 It will not frame altogether so currantlye in our English as the other, because the shortnesse of the secondc Penthimimer will hardly be framed to fall together in good sence. 1606 Holland Sneton. 76 Having in. .ardent heat begun a Tragasdie, when he saw his stile would not frame thereto .. he .. wiped it quite out. 1642 Rogers Naajnan 436 Bids us try the Unicorne whether he .. will, .draw our cart, .meaning that his wildnesse will not frame to it. 7 . trans. To make, construct. Now always im¬ plying the combination and fitting together of parts, and adaptation to a design; in 16—17th c. often used more widely. 1555 Eden Decades 58 They framed a new carauel shortly after. 1571 Digges PaJitoJJi. 1. vi. C ij b, Couple y e endes of those two right lines togither with a thirde, and so haue you framed a Triangle equall to the former. 1577 B. Googe HeresbacJis Husb. 1. (1586) 39 b, [Hemp]serveth both for mak- yng of Canvesse, and framing of Ropes. Ibid. iv. 185 They be greater, as though their bodies were purposely framed for generation. 1598 Barret Theor. Warres iv. i. 116 To frame bridges ouer rivers. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts (1658)264 Alexander the Great caused Lysippus .. to frame the pictures of all those knights which .. were slain at the river Granicus. 1612 Enchir. Med. 94 A cataplasme framed of crumbs..and milke with oile of Roses. 1667 Milton P. L. iv. 691 It was a place Chos’n by the sovran Planter, when he fram’d All things to mans delightful use. 1691 T. H[ale] Acc. New Ijivejit. 120 The principal things, .to be considered in framing and fitting of a Ship. 1725 I)e Foe Voy. round World (1840) 321 Their rafts .. were lifted off from the place where they were framed. 1726 Leoni tr. Albertis Archit. I. 72/2 You may frame wooden dams. * 1810 Scott Lady of L. in. v, The fieldfare framed her lowly nest. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, Plato Wks. (Bohn) I . 291 If the tongue had not been framed for articulation man would still be a beast in the forest. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 418 The things in heaven are framed by the Creator in the most perfect manner. 1879 Cassells Tec/ui. Educ. IV. 189/2 This is really the first stage in the operation of ‘ framing ’ a wood ship. 8. In various immaterial applications, a. To contrive (a plot, etc.); to devise, invent, fabricate (a rule, story, theory, etc.); to put together, fash¬ ion, compose; to put into words, express. 1514 Barclay Cyt. <§• UploJidyshni. (Percy Soc.) 23 Than frame they fraudes men slyly to begyle. 1570-6 Lambarde Pej'amb. Kcjit{i%iG) 187 Leland calleth it Noviodunum, which word is framed out of the Saxon NiwanSune. 1576 ' Fleming Panopl. Epist. 150, I will frame an aunsweare, to your two severall letters. 1577 B. Googe HeresbacJCs Husb. 1. 16 He can not so easely frame a false accompt. 1587 Turberv. Trag. T. (1837) 127 Shee ever lookt when he Would frame his humble sute. 1608 Bp. Hall Char. Vir¬ tues V. i2i(Slothfull)He iswittiein nothing but framing excuses to sit still. 1658 Bramhall CoJisecr. Bps. vii. 153 He who had so great a hand in framing the Oath. 1674 Playford Skill Mus. 1. xi. 40 Who hath framed to himself a manner of Singing. 1682 Burnet Rights Pj'inces ii. 27 This was a Story framed long after. 1767 Blackstone Contm. II. 128 We may observe, with how much nicety and consideration the old rules of law were framed. 1791 Cowper Odyss. 11. 226 But let us frame Effectual means. 1808 Scott Marm. 1. vii, Frame love-ditties passing rare. 1856 Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. iv. 359 The convocation .. had framed their answer in the same spirit. 1859 Kingsley Misc. (i860) I. 67 Statutes. .Which must needs have been framed for some purpose or other. b. To form, articulate, utter (words, sounds). 1609 Bible (Douay) Num. ix. comm., God answered by a voice framed by an Angel. 1702 Pope Dryope 80 When FRAMEA. 509 FRANCHISE. first his infant voice shall frame Imperfect words. 1782 Han. More Belshazzar 1. 62 Then may my tongue refuse to frame the strains Of sweetest harmony. 1880 G. Meredith Trag, Com. (1881) 153 She framed the words half aloud. c. To form or construct in the mind ; to con¬ ceive, imagine. More fully to frame to oneself + Also with out. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. ii. § 2 Frame to themselues a way more pleasant, a 16x8 Raleigh Sceptick in Rem. (1651) 2i As several humours are predominant, so are the.. conceits severally framed and effected. 1653 H. More Ant id. Ath. 1. iii. (ed. 1712) 13 An Idea of a Being abso¬ lutely. .Perfect, which we frame out by attributing all con¬ ceivable Perfection to it. 1710 Berkeley Princ. Hunt. Knowl. § 98 Whenever I attempt to frame a simple idea of time. 1782 Han. More Moses 111. 14 A mother’s fond¬ ness frames a thousand fears. 1814 Cary Dante, Par. 11. 48 With thoughts devout, Such as I best can frame. 1863 Geo. Eliot Romola 1. ix, He could frame to himself no probable image of love-scenes between them. t d. To cause, produce, bring to pass. Obs. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. Epit. Aivb, Can you name A better place then countrie blest ? Where.. Summers frame Joyes. a 1592 Greene Alphonsus v. Wks. (Rtldg.) 243/1 His daughter..by her marrying did his pardon frame. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, v. ii. 32 Feare frames disorder. 1597 — 2 Hen. IV , iv. i. 180 Which Heauen so frame. 9 . [from the sb.J To set in a frame; to enclose in or as in a frame ; to serve as a frame for. Also with in. 1705 Addison Italy 7 The winding Rocks a spacious Har¬ bour frame. 1842 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. I. 138, I have your .. Villa framed and hung up. 1876 W. H. Pollock in Contemp. Rev. June 63 Scenery and machinery were em¬ ployed to frame the play. 1878 Browning Poets Croisic 56 Somebody saw a portrait framed and glazed. 1883 Ld. R. Gower My Retain. I. xiii. 237 The lovely lake, framed in by a background of soft-swelling hills. Hence Fra*ming ppl. a. f that serves as a frame. 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. II. xxxiv. 382 Her yellow face with its framing rouleau of grey hair. II Fra'mea. Ant. [L. ; presumably a Teut. word.] A kind of javelin used by the ancient Germans (see quot.). By modern archaeologists the word has been applied to a particular type of lance found in ancient German tombs, etc., and also to a form of socketed stone celt. 1598 Grenewey Tacitus ’ Germany i. (1622) 259 [They] carry Iauelines, or as they term them Frameas, with a narrow and short iron, but so sharpe. .that, .with the same weapon they can fight both at hand, and a farre off. Framed (fivimd), ppl. a. [f. Frame v. + -ed L] In senses of the vb. c 1440 Pronip. Parv. 176/1 Framyd, dolatus. 1496 in C. Welch Tower Bridge (1894) 83 [The carriage of loads of ‘framed timber’ figures in the accounts of 1496.] 1566 in Peacock Eng. Ch. Furniture 65 A Rood loft whearof is made a framde table. 1578 Timme Caluine on Gen. 91 The principal point of wisdom is, framed sobriety to the obedi¬ ence of God. 1598 Barret Theor. Warres 11. i. 21 In Ordinances, or framed battels..the Ensignes do march in one large or long ranke iointly. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. 3, I cannot, .propound unto you framed particulers. 1639 in Virginia Mag. of Hist. < 5 * Biog. (1895) III. 30 Others have undertaken to build framed howses to beautifye the place. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 11. i, To carry a framed sloop on board the ship. 1816 Jameson Charac. Min. 207 Framed or squared fluor-spar ( chaux fluatce encadrie). 1874 Mickle- thwaite Mod. Par. Churches 319 Framed pictures require to be placed where they may be seen. Framed, Sc. var. of Fremd. Fra me-house, [f. Frame sb. and v. + House.] f 1 . A house in which things are framed or fash¬ ioned. Obs. a *555 Bradford in Certain Lett. (1564) 276 The crosse.. is the framehouse in the which god frameth his children like to his sonne Christe. 2 . A house constructed with a wooden framework or skeleton covered with boards. 18x7 J. Bradbury Trav. Amer. 331 Every planter, .is able to erect a handsome frame-house. 1856 Olmsted Slave States 394 In a little white frame-house we found a company of engineers. 1887 Spectator 26 Mar. 412/2 A master-car¬ penter. .lived in a comfortable two-story frame-house. Frameless (fr^ mles), a. [f. Frame sb. + -less.] Without frame, having no frame. 1862 T. A. Trollope Marietta II. vii. no Smaller frame¬ less canvasses. 1882 J. Payn Thicker than Water iii, He had a frameless, stringless glass, which stuck in his eye with the tenacity of a limpet. t Fra mely, adv. Obs. [f. Frame sb. + -ly 2 .] X561 Norton & Sackv. Gorboduc 1. i, That .. my purpose may more framelie [later edd. firmelie] stande. Framer (fr^-mai). [f. Frame v. + -er F] One who frames ; a maker, contriver, inventor. Also, one who frames a picture, etc. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. I. 41, I mantel what these framers of new Gods do meane. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage iv. vi. (1614) 367 It is the Minde of the minde which is framer of the fierie world. 1690 Locke Govt. 11. xiii. (Rtldg.) 156 The first framers of the government.^ 1741 Monro Anat. Nerves (ed. 3) 16 The Framers of this Objection. 1796 Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2\ I. Pref. 12 Leske, the framer of the present collection. 1827 Reble Chr. V., Evening ix, Thou Framer of the light and dark. 1864 A. J. Horwood Yearbks. 32 $ 33 Edw. I Pref. 34 The framer of the Latin version translated from the French form. X870 Swinburne Ess. 4- Stud. (1875) 315 Without more form of order than has been given by the framers and hangers. Fra'ine-saw. [f. Frame sb. + Saw.] A thin saw stretched in a frame which gives it sufficient rigidity in its work (Knight). 1678 Moxon Mech. Exerc. I. 99 The office of the Cheeks made to the Frame-Saw is, by the twisted Cord and Tongue, .to. .strain the Blade of the Saw the straighter. 1761 Brit. Mag. II. 299 An oak fructed, proper, having a frame-saw, transversely fixed. 1832 Babbage Econ. Manuf. xxii. (ed. 3) 217 The horny exterior is then cut into three portions with a frame-saw. Fra*mework. [f. Frame sb. + Work sb.'] 1 . A structure composed of parts framed together, esp. one designed for inclosing or supporting any¬ thing ; a frame or skeleton. 1644 Milton Areop. (Arb.) 64 What a fine conformity would it starch us all into ? doubtless a stanch and solid peece of frame-work, as any January could freeze together. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 132 Laying a Block..under the corner of the Frame-work to bear it hollow off the Founda¬ tion. 1822 T. Mitchell Aristoph. I. 192 Let ribs of beef this frame-work line. 1874 Burnand My Time iii. 28 The old arm-chair, whose framework had been made any number of years ago. 1885 F. Temple Relat. Relig. <$■ Sc. vi. 164 The framework [of vertebrate animals] as a whole always exhibiting the same fundamental type. b. transf and fig. 1816 J. Scott Vis. Paris (y d. 5) 10 That the frame-work of a nation may be strong, each of its divisions must be let closely into others. 1856 Stanley Sinai Pal. i. (1858) 67 Those grand frameworks, such as at Marathon and else¬ where correspond to the event they have encompassed. 1876 Freeman Norm. Conq. V. xxii. 7 The outward framework of law and government still keeps its ancient shape. 2 . (Written as two words or with a hyphen.) Work done in or with a frame, a. Knitting or weaving done on a ‘ stocking-frame 9 ; cf. Frame sb. 13 b, and see 3 below, b. (See quot.) 1882 Caulfeild & Saward Diet. Needlework, Frame Work , this work, also called Travail au Metier , is formed with wools and silk upon a flat solid wooden Frame cut to the size required. c. Gardening. (See quot.) 1819 Rees Cycl., Frame-work, that sort of forcing and raising vegetable productions at an early period, which is performed by means of frames and artificial heat applied by them. 3 . Comb., as framework-knitted, -knitter. 1716 Lond. Gaz. No. 5484/4 John Hathoway .. Frame¬ work-knitter. 1788 Act 28 Geo. Ill , c. 55 An Act for the.. Punishment of Persons destroying .. Framework knitted Pieces, Stockings, and other Articles. 1858 Simmonds-D/c/. Trade , Frame-work Knitter , an operative in the hosiery trade, who weaves the worsted or cotton thread up into a knitted fabric. Framing (fr^'mig), vbl. sb. [f. Frame v. + -tng b] The action cf Frame v. in various senses. f 1 . The action of making profit. Obs. £1440 Promp. Parv. 176/2 Framynge or afframynge or wynnynge, lucrum , emolumentum. 2 . The action, method, or process of construct¬ ing, making, or shaping anything whether material or immaterial; + also, hewing of timber {obs.). Also gerundial with omission of in. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 176/2 Framynge of tymbyr, dola- tura. a 1569 Kingesmyll Man's Est. ix. (1580) 45 There is a stone framyng, it shall be laied in Sion. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple 1 st. iii. iii, This curious Isle, whose framing yet Was never .. known to any humane wit.. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. vii. 189 Captain Bond had the framing, .of it [a Fire ship]. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 123 To pin the Frame, .ofa Roof together, whilst it is framing. 1867 Smyth Sailor s Word-bk., Framing , the placing, scarphing, and bolting of the frame- timbers of a ship. 1883 Manch. Exam. 16 June 4/7 The clause in dispute was of Lord Salisbury’s own framing. 3 . Aiming. See quot. and cf. framing-table . 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 913 Framing. .2 (Mining) £fn operation upon pounded or stamped ores by which they are sorted into grades of comparative weight and consequent richness. 4 . cotier. Framed work; a framework; a frame or set or system of frames. 1703 T. N. City C. Purchaser 142 The Timber.. to make 3 Square of Framing. 1823 Scoresby Jrnl. Whale Fishery 455 The pannels of the captain’s state-room door were forced out of the framing. 1828 Tredgold Elan. Princ. Carpeniery title-p., Pressure and Equilibrium of Timber Framing. 1886 Pall Mall G. 22 July 4/2 Walls of bamboo framing filled in with mud. 5 . at t rib., as framing-house, -timber ; also fram¬ ing-chisel, a heavy chisel for making mortises; framing-table Alining (see quot. and sense 3). 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 914 * Framing-chisel. 1583 Holi.yband Campo di Fior 57 The colledge. .is the *frarn- ing house, and as it were, The shoppe of men. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 913/2 The ^framing-table is .. sus¬ pended in an inclined position, on pivots, so that it may be tipped into a vertical position when full, discharging its contents into separate cisterns beneath. 1522 Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 184 Le *framyng tymbre. + Framp, v. Obs. rare — 1 , intr. ?To revel, indulge greedily. 1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 716/1 Which not con¬ tent with, .manna, .murmured y l they might not frampe in fiesbe. t Fra’mple, v* Sc. Obs. [? freq. of Framp v.] To swallow or gobble up. /Z1598 Rollock 2 Thess. iii, xii. (1606) 146 When fhou hast beene an idle vagabound .. and yet stops to thy dinner, and framples vp other mens trauels, that is vnlaw- full eating. Fra’mpler. pseudo -arch. rare — 1 . [Cf. Frap- ler, Frampold.] A brawler; =Frapler. 1820 Scott Monast. xxvii, A rude low-born frampler and wrangler. Fra’mpold, a. Obs. exc. dial. Forms: 6-7 frampold, frompall, 7 frampald, -pard, from- pered, frampel(l, -pie, -pole, -poll, -pull, (phrampell), 7, 9 hist. frampal(l, 7, 9 dial, fram- pled. [Of obscure origin ; it is uncertain which of the many divergent forms is the earliest; forma¬ tion on fram , From + Poll head, would suit sense 2. Cf. frommard = Fromward, Frowaiuj; also Frump, and Sc .frample ‘ to put in disorder*.] 1 . Sour-tempered, cross, disagreeable, peevish. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. 11. ii. 94 She leads a very frampold life with him. £1600 Day Begg. Bcdnall Gr. 11. ii. (1881) 37, I think the fellow’s frompall :—I ask thee where my Cloak is. 1617 Collins Def. Bp. Ely 11. x. 539 If a Priest were so frampoll. .as to refuse to baptize a poore infant in that case. 1633 B. Jonson Tale Tub 11. iv, I pray thee, grow not fram pull now. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk $ Selv. To Rdr., An ill will’d and frampled waspishness. 1688 Bunyan Solomon's Temple Spiritualized xlix. 9 Babes .. have .. babyish tricks .. their childish talk and frompered carriage must be borne withal, a 1825 Forby Voc.E. Anglia, Frampled, cross, ill-humoured. 2 . Of a horse : Fiery, mettlesome, spirited. 1603 Holland Plutarch's Mor. 14 Like a skittish and frampold horse. 1611 Middleton & Dekker Roaring Girle D.’s Wks. 1873 III. 170 Coachman .. are we fitted with good phrampell iades. 1823 Scott Feveril xxxii, The two ‘ frampal jades * (to use the term of the period). [1876 Whitby Gloss., Frample v., to paw on the ground, as ahorse when kept standing in one place.] Framward: see Fromward. Obs. Franc (freeqk). Forms: 4-8 frank, 9 franc, [a. F. franc, said to be derived from the legend Francorum rex , ‘king of the Franks’, on the first coins which were so called. The F. word appears as the name of a gold coin in an official document of 1360 (Hatz.-Darm.); the legend Fran¬ corum rex occurs on a gold coin struck in the same year.] The name of a French coin or money of account, of different values at different periods, a. A gold coin, in the 14th c. weighing about 60 grs., and intrinsically worth about ioj. 6 d. of our present money, but afterwards depreciated, b. (Sometimes Pound Franc.) A silver coin, first struck in 1575, identical with the livre tournois of 20 sols; in the 18th c. English money-changers valued it at 9 d. or 10 d. c. Since 1795, a silver coin representing the monetary unit of the decimal system; its value is slightly more than 9 \d. c 1386 Chaucer Shipmans T. 201, I wol bringe yow an hundred frankes. c 1400 Sowdone Bab. 589 Take a thau- sande pounde of Frankis fyne. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vii. 527 A franke is worth .ii. j. sterl*. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. ix. 236 Ilk ^eir how lang he lyuet xxx thousand frankis. 1603 Knolles Hist. 'Dirks (1638) 223 The yearely tribute of .. eight hundred thousand franks of siluer. 1685 Baxter Paraphr. N. T. Mark vi. 34 note, Beza reckoneth the 200 pence, to 35 pound Frank of Tours. 1702 W. J. Bruyns Voy. Levant xxxii. 129 A Chicken of Gold .. which amounts to Seven Francs and half. 1810 Naval Chroji. XXIV. 300 A piece of silver weighing five grams, .to which has been applied the term Franc. 1892 E. Reeves Homewd. Bound 227 We had again to turn our pesetas into francs at a loss. II Franc-archer (frankarji;). Fr. Hist. PI. franc(s-archers. [Fr.; franc free (see Frank a.) + archer archer.] One of a body of archers esta¬ blished by Charles VII, one man being equipped by each parish, and exempted from taxes in consi¬ deration of his service. 167s tr. Mac/iiaviili's Prince ( Rtldg. 1883) 293 In every parish in France there is a person called a frank archer. 1852 Miss Yonge Cameos ( 1877) III. ii. 92 Marching all night, he surprised the franc-archers and their leader. 1885 Plummer in Fortescne’s A Is. 4- Lint. Mon. 197 The francs- archers, abolished by Louis XI after. .Guinegate in 1479. t France. Obs. [cf. Frank . 0 . 3 ] = Frankin¬ cense. 14.. Epiph. in Tnndale's Vis. 109 Golde franceand myrre thei gaf hym all thre. I Franch, fraunch, v. Obs. Also 6 fraunge. [? onomatopoeic ; cf. craunch.] trails. To devour. intr. To feed greedily {on). Hence Fra'nching fpl. a. Also Tra nchex, a devourer. 1519 Horman Vulg. 39 b, He is euer fraunchynge. Ibid. 71 Thou arte a rauenar of delicates and a francher. 154X R. Copland Guydotis Quest. Chirurg. M iij, People gullyng, fraungyng, and dronkerds. 1563 Mirr. Mag., Ld. Rivers lxviii, A Bull and Bore dyd passe, Fraunchyng the fysh and frye, with teeth of brasse. 1575 Turbervile Bk. Venerie 358 He that.. had yong fleshe to banquet at his fill Were fonde to fraunshe on garbage, graynes or swyll. 1625-6 Purchas Pilgrims IV. 1579 They cast of them also to flesh fraunching Dogs. + Franchemyle. Cookery. Obs. Also franche- mole, frawnchemyle, -mul(le, fraunchemele, fronchemoyle. [a. F. franche mulle , ruminating stomach of a sheep, etc.] A sort of haggis. £1420 Liber Cocorum 36 Forfraunche mele. Takeswon- gene eyrene..and kreme. .and kremelyd sewet of schepe .. And fylle \>y bagge [etc.], c 143° Two Cookery-bks. 1. 38 Frawnchemyle. Nym Eyroun [etc.]. .& do in the wombe of the chepe, \>at is, be mawe; & se^e hem wel. 1483 Cath. Ansel. 141 A Franchemole (v. r. Frawnchmulle), lucanica. Franchise (frcrntjiz, -tjbiz), sb. Forms: 3-6 fraunchis(e, -yse, 4-6 franchis, -yse, -es, 5-6 fraunches, -sehis(se, (6 frnnehese, fraunces, FRANCHISE. 510 FRANCO- -chest, -chiese, -cis). 3- franchise, fa. OF.fran¬ chise freedom, frankness, i, franc free, Frank a A For the history of the pronunciation see Enfranchise.] I. Freedom, immunity, privilege. 11 . Freedom as opposed to servitude or subjec¬ tion. Obs. a c 1290 .S’. Eng, Leg. I. 142/1271 And to bi-nime ]> e kynge is fraunchise. 1297 R* Glouc. (Rolls) 1091 We wullej? vor oure franchise fi}te & vor oure lond. c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. r 378 pe goodes of body ben hele of body, as strengthe.. beautee, gentrye, fraunchise. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 71 Aruns.. assemblid a gret oost ayenst the Romains to have. .put hem in servage out of her fraunchise. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. (1812) II. xliii. 140 Ye sholde take all that we haue .. to maynteyne vs and our fraunches. 1648 D. Jenkins Wks. 110 The House of Commons by themselves, .have no power to imprison men, or put them out of Franchise. + b. Moral freedom. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 1637 A 1 his for-geten nou al pat franches pat 1 gaue man in paradis. 1477 Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictcs 27 The mooste difficulte in a man .. To knowe hym self, To kepe his fraunchyse or liberte. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 28/2 For where the holy ghoost is, there is fraunchyse and lyberte. 2 . a. A legal immunity or exemption from a par¬ ticular burden or exaction, or from the jurisdiction of a particular tribunal, granted to an individual, a corporation, an order of persons, etc. In early use also collect, or in generalized sense: The im¬ munities, freedom of government, etc., belonging to a municipality, etc. C1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 130, I pe forbede to chalangeany clerke In lay courte..of holy kirke has merke, Ne pe franchise fordo, pat it ouh to halde. 1473 Warkw. Chron. 2 He ratyfied .. all the ffraunsches yeve to citeis.. and graunted to many cyteis .. new fraunschesses. 1480 Caxton Chron. cxlvii. Ij, & that holy chyrch shold haue all fraunchises as ferforth as they had in seint Edwards tyme the confessour. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vii. 336 This yere the Kynge seasyd the fraunchyse of the cytie of London. 1538 Leland I tin. II. 68 King Eadgar .. bare a gret Zeale to the Towne, and gave very great Frauncheses and Privil- ges vnto it. 1559 i n Strype Ann. Ref. I. App. viii. 22 All franchises and liberties of the bisshoppericks. .deryvid from the crowne. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 92 A most famous towne .. endowed by Claudius .. with the franchises and right of a Colonie. 1641 Tertnes de la Ley 167 Franchise .. signifies in our Law an Immunity or exemption from ordinary Jurisdiction, as for a Corporation to hold pleas within themselves to such a value, and the like. 1757 Burke Abridgm. Eng. Hist. in. viii. Wks. 1812 V. 684 They had strength enough to oblige him [John] to a solemn promise of restoring those liberties and franchises, which they had always claimed. 1838 Prescott Ferd. <$• Is. (1846) III. xxiii. 334 The city, having first obtained assurance of respect for all its franchises and immunities, surrendered. b. In wider sense: A privilege or exceptional right granted by the sovereign power to any person or body of persons. In England now chiefly Hist. and as a technical term of law; in the U. S. applied esp. to the powers conferred on a company formed for some purpose of public utility. 1386 Rolls of Par It. III. 225/1 Noughtwithstondyng the same fredam or fraunchise, Nichol Brembre . ."was chosen Mair. 1479 Bury Wills (Camden) 53, I beqwethe to Robert myn son, my tenmentes called Calfes and Northes.. w* the fraunchyse of faldes of ijee shepe to eche of the seyd tenmentes bylongyng. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccclxxxi. 640 In diuerse countreys .. the noble men hath great fraun¬ ches ouer the commons, and kepeth them in seruage. 1557 N. T. (Genev.) Lukexx iii. 17 note, The Romains had gyuen such franches and liberties to the Iewes [to ‘ let one lov/se vnto them at the feast ’]. 1596 Spenser F. Q. iv. ix. 37 Ye . .the love of ladies foule defame ; To whom the world this franchise ever yeelded, That of their loves choise they might freedom clame. 1598 Manwood Lawes Forest i. § 5 (1615) 24/2 A Forest .. is the most highest franchise of noble, and princely pleasure, that can be insident unto the Crowne and Royall dignitie of a Prince. 1628 Coke On Litt. 121 A mannor whereunto the franchise of waife and stray and such like are appendant. 16.. Act Chas. /, c. 15 (Manley) 20 And the Lords and owners of Fairs, Markets and other Franchises. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 258 p 2, I do humbly propose .. that another Theatre of Ease may be erected.. and that the Direction thereof may be made a Franchise in Fee to me, and my Heirs for ever. 1767 Blackstone Comm. II. 37 Franchise and liberty are used as synony¬ mous terms: and their definition is, a royal privilege, or branch of the king’s prerogative, subsisting in the hands of a subject. 1824 J. Marshall Const. Opin. (1839) 324 The bill is brought for the purpose of protecting the bank in the exercise of a franchise granted by a law of the United States. 1866 Rogers Agric. <$• Prices I. ii. 33 The right of having a watermill was a franchise. 1876 Digby Real Prop. 1. App. § 1. 268 The rights to have ‘ waifs, wrecks, estrays, treasure-trove, royal fish, forfeitures, and deodands * are franchises, which must rest on royal grant, or prescrip¬ tion which presupposes a grant. 1888 Bryce Anicr. Commw. II. iii. lxvi. 500 After the sale by the Board of Aldermen of the Broadway franchise (the right of laying down a tram¬ way in Broadway), the Alder manic office was much sought after. Ibid, lxvii. 521 The. form which corruption usually takes in the populous cities is the sale of * franchises ’ (especially monopolies in the use of public thoroughfares). 1892 Pall Mall G. 30 Apr. 4/3 The Weights and Measures Bill .. empowers] municipal and County Councils to pur¬ chase ‘ franchises ’ of weights and measures. + 3 . Freedom from arrest, secured to fugitives in certain privileged places ; right of asylum or sanc¬ tuary ; privileged character, inviolability, of a place of refuge. Hence concr. an asylum, sanctuary. C1380 Wyclif Set. Wks. III. 323 Here men wondren moche whi alle manquelleris shullen have pis fraunchise of J>e sche [? read seintuarie]. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4994 In cuthbert mynster he come forpi, pe fraunchyse to breke of it. 1513 Douglas ^ Ends viii. vi. 69 The haly schaw, Quilk strang Romulus did reduce and draw In maner of franches or of sanctuary. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 121 They forbeare those.. that flie vnto them as to a place of franchise and priuiledge. attrib. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. clx. 177 a, Trecte,a fraunches towne for all maner of people. 4 . The freedom of or full membership of a body corporate or politic ; citizenship. 1579 Fulke Rcfut. Rastcll 742 Our franches, freedom, or conuersation is in heauen. 1606 Holland Sucton. Annot. 2 Unlesse they might be donati civitate. i. enioy the Fran¬ chises and Freedome of Rome. 1838 Thirlwall Greece II. 36 Solon .. published an amnesty .. which restored those citizens who had been deprived of their franchise for lighter offences. 1876 Freeman Norm. Conq. V. xxiii. 305 The men of London .. ranked with the barons of the realm, and many barons of the realm had been admitted to the fran¬ chise of their commonalty. + 5 . The district over which the privilege of a corporation or an individual extends ; a territory, domain. Cf. Liberty. To go or ride the franchises : to beat the bounds. Obs. i486 Surtees Misc. (1888) 53 Tadcastre brige, being thex- tremitie of y s fraunches. 1526 R. Whytford Martiloge (1893) 64 In the fraunchest of pontyne. Ibid. 174 In the fraunchest of lyngon. 1572 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 341 The francheses of this Cytie shalbe ryd accord¬ ing to auncient custom. 1621 Bolton Stat. Ireland 36 Hen. VI, 27 This Statute shall be observed and take place as well within Franchises and liberties as without. 1680 Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 493 That day he went the franchises with the mayor and citizens. 1774 E. Jacob Faversham 27 The river which separates the franchise of the church of Canterbury down to a place towards the South. 1876 Digby Real Prop. i. i. § 2. 15 The owner of a franchise or liberty or district exempt from the jurisdiction of the hundred. attrib. 1577 Nottingham Rec. IV. 168 Payd for carydg of the olde fraunces crose to the towne. 1587 Ibid. 215 Another hole in Wilforth Pasture, .to want frauncis stones. 6. The right or privilege of voting at public elections, esp. for members of the legislative body. (Originally a mere contextual application of 2 b; more fully, elective franchise ; now the prevailing sense.) 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 318 It would be too much to tell a man jealous of his equality, that the elector has the same franchise who votes for three members as he who votes for ten. 1819 Mackintosh Pari. Sujfi'age Wks. 1846 III. 215 The reasons which make it important to liberty, that the elective franchise should be exercised by large bodies of the lower classes. 1827 Hallam Const. Hist. (1876) III. xiii. 36 New boroughs, .acquired the franchise of election. 1845 M c Culloch Taxation 1. ii. (1852) 66 The occupiers of 10/. houses have been intrusted with the elective franchise. 1869 Rawlinson Anc. Hist . 128 Citizens in a certain sense, but without franchise. b. In recent use : One of the various principles of qualification by which the bestowal of the elec¬ tive franchise may be regulated. Fancy franchise: see Fancy C. 1884 Gladstone in Daily Ne7us 20 Feb. 2/4 We propose to establish a new franchise, whicn I should call—till a better phrase be discovered—the service franchise. II. As an attribute of character or action, f 7 . Nobility of mind; liberality, generosity, magnanimity. Obs. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 750 }if I for-loyne as a fol py fraunchyse may serue. c 1386 Chaucer Frankl. T. 796 A gayns franchise and alle gentillesse. — Mcrch. T. 743 Heer may ye see, how excellent fraunchise In womman is whan thay narow hem avyse. c 1450 Merlin 280 And ther- fore remembre vs of pitee and of youre grete fraunchise. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xi. 283 Telle Reynawde.. that he take no hede to my trespase & evyll dede, but to his fraunchyse. 1658 J. Coles Cleopatra 161 It might be remedied by an action of generosity and franchise, f 8. Freedom or licence of speech or manners. 1567 Drant Horaces Epist. 11. i. Gv, And lo by such like wayes Came firste the fraunchyse Fessentine. t Franchise, v. Obs. Forms: 4 fraunchise, 5 fraunch(a)yse, fraunches, 6- franchise, [a. OF .franchiss-, lengthened stem oifranchir , f. franc free : see Frank a.~] trans. To make or set free; to invest with a franchise or privilege; = Enfran¬ chise v. Const .from, of. 1390 Gower Conf 1 .269 Thus stonden all men fraunchised. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. iv. 114 Hit ys no^t semly .. pat vsurers.. Be fraunchised for a free man. c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems (1840) 3 From other dayes that day whas so de- vyded, And fraunchesid from mystes and from reyne. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 325 b/2 The kyng .. fraunchysed al England of the trybute. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vi. clxxi. 165 He .. fraunchaysed that towne with many great lyberties. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Acts xxii. 28 Before I could be franchisid & made a citizen. 1562 Leigh A rmorie (1597) 74 b, Though all the towne were franchised, yet horses are not toll-free to this day. 1605 Shaks. Macb. 11. i. 28, I still keepe my Bosome franchis’d. 1633 J. Done Hist. Septuagint 24 The summe then of those were franchis’d, # mounted unto 400 Talents. 1773 J. Ross Fratricide 11/ 931 (MS.) Every Soul, when franchis’d from its dust, May quit this life with certain hope in thee. 1793 W. Roberts Looker-on (1794) II. 432 Franchised by nature, .he [Dryden] felt that he could adventure in poetry beyond any other writer of his age. Hence + Franchising vbl. sb. 1574 tr. Littleton's Tenures 43 a, If the Lorde make to him [his villaine] a lease oflandes. .thys is nofraunchisinge. 1644 Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 82 Claudius’ speech, .concern¬ ing the franchising of the town. Franchised (frcrntjizd, -tjaizd), ppl. a. [f. Franchise sb. and v. + -ed.] + 1 . Of a city, etc. : a. Possessing the right of sanctuary, b. Invested with municipal or political privileges. Obs. a. 1503-4 Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 36 Preamb., Sir Edward kepith hym in such hidelles and other places fraunchesed. 1546 Langley Pol. Verg. De Invent. 111. viii. 74 b, Moses . .did institute thre franchised tounes. b. 1451 Poston Lett. (1872) I. 194 It was a fraunchised town and within the Duchye. 1538 Leland///;/. (i7ii)V. 43 There hath beene a Franchisid Toune, now clene decayith. 1641 Termes de la Ley 215 Seised of lands in Gavelkind, as in Kent, and in other places franchised. 2 . Of persons : Made ‘ free ’ of a body politic. 1520 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 26 Eny Fraun¬ chesid man sworn unto the fraunches. 1558 Reg. Gild Corpus Chr. York (1872) 220 note. The mayour’s kid-cot, where unto franchised men are used to be commytted for their offens. 1841 W. Spalding Italy <$• It. I si. II. 116 The community, composed of all the franchised citizens. t 3 . Made free, enfranchised. Obs. 1650 Earl Monmouth tr. Senault's Man become Guilty 257 The one was but a franchised slave, and the other a common Player. 1753 L. M. tr. Du Boscq's Accomplish''d Woman II. 114 Anicetus. [Note] His [Nero’s] franchis’d slave. t Fra’nchisement. Obs, [a. OF .franchise¬ ment,franchissemenl, f. franchir : see Franchise v.] The action of setting free or investing with a franchise; the state or fact of being enfranchised ; = Enfranchisement. 1562 Leigh A nnorie (1597) 74 b, The franchisement [of Couentrie] was graunted to her vpon condition, that shee should ride naked through the same Citie. 1596 Spenser F. Q. v. xi. 36 Artegall. .went, .to worke Irenaes franchise¬ ment. c 1611 Chapman Iliad v. 375 He could scarce enjoy The benefit of franchisement. 1809 Kendall Trav. I. vi. 49 Till. .the. .superior court shall see cause to restore him to his franchisement or freedom again. b. A privilege. 17796V. Papers in Ann. Reg. 416/1 His Christian Majesty, in making reprisals, would also limit the franchisements of the ships of this state. Franchiser, nonce-wd. [f. Franchise sb. + -er !.] One possessed of the (elective) franchise. 1843 Carlyle Past <$• Pr. iii. xiii. (1872) 187 O free and independent Franchiser. Franc hoode : see French hood. Francic (frarnsik), a. ? Obs. [ad. med.L. Francic-us, f. Francus Frank sb. 1 ] = Frankish. 1698 Phil. Trans. XX. 445 Books written in the Samaritan ..Francic. .and Islandic. 1782 Burney Hist. Music (1789) II. iv. 261 Lai (lay) seems a word purely Francic and Saxon. 1831 For. Q. Rev. VII. 379 He asserts that the language which the Saxons introduced into England must have been Francic. 1833 G. S. Faber Recapit. Apostasy 37 The short¬ lived Francic Emperorship. Francisc (fransi'sk). Also francesque, -isque. [ad. med.L. francisca, or its adopted form in Fr.] A battle-axe varying in form, used by the Franks. 1801 A. Ranken Hist. France I. 21 One soldier, .raising his francesque or battle-axe, struck the vessel. 1864 Kings¬ ley Rom. <5* Teut. vi. (1875) 141 Franks came down. .with.. heavy short-handled double-edged francisc. Franciscan (fransrskan), a. and sb, [f. med. L. Francisc-us Francis + -an.] A. adj. Of or belonging to the order of St. Francis; pertaining to the Franciscans. [1577 Frampton Joyful Nc 7 us 1. (1596) 26 A Passenger .. did aduertise mee that a Frauncis Frier, etc.] 1592 Shaks. Rom. Jul. v. ii. 1 Holy Franciscan Frier, Brother, ho? 1667 Milton P. L. iii. 480 They who .. Dying put on the weeds of Dominic, Or in Franciscan think to pass disguised. 1865 Pusey Truth Eng. Ch. 36 The long Franciscan con¬ troversy about poverty. B. sb. A friar of the order founded by St. Francis of Assisi in 1209. 1599 Sandys Europx Spec. (1632) 67 The Franciscans..in the time of Sixtus Quintus .. are sayd to have beene found by survey to be xxx. thousand. 1677 Plot Oxfordsh. 216 This Learned Franciscan did so far excel the ancient Magicians. 1856 R. A. Vaughan Mystics (i860) I. 143 Enthusiastic Franciscans who think the end of the world at hand. Hence Franciscanism, the system and practice of St. Francis and the Franciscans. 1855 Milman Lat. Chr. IV. 275 The first patron of Fran- ciscanism, Gregory IX. Francize (frernsoiz), v. In 7 francise. [ad. F .franciser, i. fran^-ais French. ] trans. To m ake French. Hence Franciza*tion [in F .francisation], the action of making French or investing with French nationality, the status thus conferred. a 1661 Fuller Worthies 11. (1662) 26 He was an English¬ man Francised. 1888 Times 20 Nov. 5/1 Francisation shall not be too readily accorded. 1888 Daily Tel. 21 Nov. 5/2 Why then do Arab boats, .receive francisation? Franco- (frcc’ijkt?),originally med. L., combining form of Franc-i the Franks or French ; chiefly in combs, signifying * Frank or French and . / as Franc O'American, -Galilean, -Gauls, -German, -negroid, - Prussian, -Roman. Cf. Anglo- 2 . 1711 Ld. Molesworth tr . Hottnan's Franco-Gallia (1721) 12 These were Franks, not Gauls, or rather Franco-gauls. Ibid. 28 A true History of Francogallican Affairs. 1827 G. S. Faber Sacred Cal. Prophecy (1844) II. 182 The Franco- Roman Emperor. 1861 J. G. Sheppard Fall Rome xiii. 740 The Franco-Gallican Church .. would seem to have almost entirely lost the character of a religious institution. 1883 Harper's Mag. Feb. 478/1 The Franco-American Claims’ Committee decided in favour of the claim. 1885 FRANCOLIN. 511 Lady Brassey The Trades 285 Hayti, the Franco-negroid portion of San Domingo. Francolin (frae’qk^lin). [a. Fr .francolin, ad. It. francoli710.] A bird of the genus Francolinus (sub-family Perdicinx or Partridges\ somewhat resembling a pheasant. Also francolin partridge. [1594 Carevv tr. Huarte's Exam. Wits 304 Partridges and Francolini haue a like substance.] 1653 Urquhart Rabelais 1. xxxvii, Plovers, francolins, briganders. 1696 tr. Du Mont's Voy. Levant ' 68 Cooks usually stick one of the Feathers of the Wings into the Body of a Francolin. 1808 A. Parsons Trav. i. 4 Hares are plenty., and the francolin (heathcock) from October to June. 1872 Baker Nile Tribut. xiii. 227 The trees formed a shelter for the black francolin partridge. 1880 P. Gillmore On Duty 380 That splendid bird here denominated a pheasant (but pro¬ perly speaking a francolin). Francolite (frce'qk^tait). Min. [f. Fra?ico (see below) + -LITE.] A variety of apatite found at Wheal Franco in Devonshire in stalactitic masses. 1850 Philos. Mag. Ser. 111. XXXVI. 311 Francolite. Francophile (frx-ijk^fil), a. and sb. [f. Franco- + Gr. i'Aos friend. A newspaper word.] A. adj. Characterized by excessive friendliness to the French. B. sb. One who is so affected. 1889 Pall Mall G. 10 Jan. 6/2 The Francophil tendencies of the English Court. 1891 Blackw. Mag. Oct. 478 Franco- phobes and Francophiles. 1891 Times 15 Aug. 5/3 His admiring Francophile countrymen. 1893 Rev. Current Hist. (U. S.) III. 253 Attributed, .to Francophile and Pan- slavist influences in St. Petersburg. Francophobe (fhs-qktff/nib), a. and sb. [f. Franco- + Gr. 60 os fear: see -phobe.] A. adj. Affected with a morbid fear of the French. B. sb. One who is so affected. 1891 Times 15 Aug. 5/3 In conclusion, observes this .. Francophobe critic. 1891 Blackw. Mag. [see Francophile]. II Franc-tireur (frantzror). [Fr.; f. franc free (see Frank a.) + tireur shooter, f. tircr to shoot.] One of a corps of light infantry, originating in the wars of the French Revolution, and having an organization distinct from that of the regular army. 1870 Daily News 3 Oct., All the volunteers, whether called Francs-tireurs or National Guards .. will .. be em¬ bodied in one regular army. Frangent (frse’nd^ent), a. [ad. L. frangent- etn , pr. pple. of frangere to break.] Causing frac¬ tures. (Webster 1864 cites H. Walpole.) Frangibility (fnend^ibi’liti). [ad. F. fran- gibilite, i. frangible : see next and -m\] The quality of being frangible or breakable. 1783 Fox Sp. E. India Bills 1 Dec. Sp. (1815) II. 240 He allows the frangibility of charters, when absolute occasion requires it. 1816 P. Cleaveland Mineralogy 55 FrangU bility. .This property can be described only in general terms; or by comparing one mineral with another in this respect. a 1835 j.. MacCulloch Proofs Attrib. God (1837) II. 454 Steel..will maintain nearly the same tenacity or strength . .under a frangibility which yields to the slightest impulse. Frangible (frEe-ndgib’l), a. [a. OF. frangible, as if ad. L. *frangibilis, f. frangere to break.] Capable of being broken, breakable. c 1440 Songs <5- Carols (Percy Soc.) 65 An adamant stone, it is not frangebyll With no thyng but with mylke of a gett. c 1485 Digby Myst. (1882) ill. 320 The frangabyll tyn, to Iubyter, yf ,e can dyscus. 1598 Barret Theor. IVarres v. ii. 129 If of hard stone, or of soft, frangible, and easie. 1647 Jer. Taylor Lib. Proph. vi. 121 The Councell is blasphem¬ ous in saying that Christs glorified body is passible and frangible by naturall manducation. 1639 D. Pell Impr. Sea 383 Your ships .. are but made up of., frangible materials. 1796 Kirwan Elan. Min. (ed. 2) I. 223 Hard¬ ness from 7 to 9, difficultly frangible. 1865 Cortih. Mag. Sept. 259 Whenever, .the housemaid [had] broken any little frangible article. 1883 Harper s Mag. Jan. 192/2 The least frangible rays predominate. b. as sb. in pi. Things breakable, nonce-use. 1824 Mirror III. 19/2 Strut around your room .. to the manifest terror of all frangibles in your reach. Hence Pra ngibleness. 1676 H. More Remarks 100 The lightness and frangible¬ ness of Glass. Frangipane (frse’ndgipfin). [a. Y .frangipane, said to be from Frangipani , the name of the in¬ ventor.] 1 . A perfume prepared from, or imitating the odour of, the flower of the red jasmine. 1676 Shadwei.l Virtuoso in. H 4 a, I have choice of good Gloves, Amber, Orangery, Genoa Romane, Frangipand [he], 1727-41 Chambers Cycl., Frangipane, an exquisite kind of perfume. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, Frangipane. 2 . The red jasmine tree (Plumiera rubra), from the flower of which the perfume is prepared. 1866 Treas. Bot., Frangipane, Plumiera rubra. 3 . In various applications: see quots. 1844 Hoblyn Med. Diet., Frangipan, an extract of milk, for preparing artificial milk, made by evaporating skimmed milk to dryness, mixed with almonds and sugar. 1858 Sim¬ monds Diet. Trade, Franchipane, Frangipane, a kind of pastry, a cake of cream, almonds, spice, &c. attrib. 1892 Garrett Encycl. Cookery, Frangipane Flasvn ..Frangipanepaste. 1895 Jusserand Eng. Ess. 98 Lafieur, whom he often asked to make frangipane tarts. Frangipa n)ni (frrend^ipse-ni.-pa-ni). = prec. 1. 1864 in Webster. Frangulin (frce*ggi//lin). Chem. [f. the mod. Lat. name of the tree ( Rhamnus ) Frangul-a + -in.] (See quot.) Hence rrangnTic (acid) a. 1864 Watts Diet. Chem. II. 706 Frangulin .. a yellow crystallisable colouring matter, contained :n the bark of the berry-bearing alder. 1872 Ibid. Suppl. 623 Frangulic acid. t Fra'llion. Obs. Also 6 fronion, frannian. [Of obscure origin. Cf. OF .fraignant, pr. pple. of fraindre to break ; fraig- nets uproar. The usual explanation that the word is a cor¬ ruption of Faineant hardly suits the sense.] A gay reckless fellow; a gallant, paramour. By Spenser applied also to a loose woman. 1571 Edwarijes Damon <$- Pith, in Hazl. Dodsley IV. 60 But, my franion, I tell you this one thing. 1587 Turber- vile Epitaphs Sf Sonn. (1837) 3 T 9 Whereby to set their fronions harts on fire. 1589 Rare Triumphs Love 4- For¬ tune in. i. in Hazl. Dodsley VI. 179, I am a gentleman, a courtier, and a merry frank franion. 1596 Spenser F. Q. v. iii. 22 This ladie .. Is not .. Florimell .. But some fayre franion, fit for such a fere. 1600 Heywood 1st Pt. Edw. IV, Wks. 1874 I. 44 He’s a frank franion .. and loues a wench well. 1810 Lamb Poems , Going or Gone, Fine merry fran- ions, Wanton companions. Frank (Inegk), sb.^ and a. 1 Forms: 1 Franca, Fronca, 3 Franke, 4-7 Fran(c'k(e, (8 Franc), 7- Frank, [ad. L. Franc-us , F. Franc ; a name of Teut. origin, repr. OHG*. Franko — OE. Franca prehistoric *Frankon-. It is usually believed that the Franks were named from their national weapon, OE. franca (:- *f?-ankon-) javelin ; cf. Saxon ( Sahson -), thought to be from *sahso - (OE. seax) knife. The notion that the ethnic name is derived from the adj. meaning 4 free ’ (see Frank a?) was already current in the 10th century ; but the real relation between the words seems to be the reverse of this.] A. sb. 1 . A person belonging to the Germanic nation, or coalition of nations, that conquered Gaul in the 6th century, and from whom the country received the name of France. Beozvulf 1210 (Gr.) In Francna fseSm. c 1205 Lay. 3715 Cordoille |>e vves Francene quene. a 1300 Cursor M. 21081 To ]>e franckis prechid he. 1776 Gibbon Decl. Sf F. I. x. 259 These Germans.. maintained the honourable epithet of Franks or Freemen. 1796 H. Hunter tr. Si. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) III. 457 A family of slaves under the Romans risen to Nobility under the Francs. 1844 Ld. Brougham Brit. Const, iii. (1862) 40 The Franks, who founded the French Monarchy. 2 . A name given by the nations bordering on the Levant to an individual of Western nationality. Cf. Feringhee. 1687 tr. De Thevenot's Trav. 11. 1. xi. 51 They presently blazed it abroad that I was a Franck, a 1734 North Lives II. 456 All European nations that live among them..are called Franks. 1808 A. Parsons Trav. iii. 62 Foreign mer¬ chants called franks.^ 1886 Pall Mall G. 10 July 4/1 The Greeks .. calling their Roman brethren 4 unbaptized dogs * and Franks. + 3 . With ellipsis of ‘language*. A lingua franca or mixed language. Obs:~ 1 1681 Nevile Plato Rediv. 13 In Germany or Holland .. most of the Hosts speak a certain Franck, compounded of Dutch, Latin, and Italian. + B. adj. Belonging to, characteristic of, or cus¬ tomary among the Western nations of Europe. Obs. 1632 Lithgow Trav. vi. 245 Beating him most cruelly, and all the rest of the Francke Pilgrimes. 1688 Lond. Gaz. No. 2336/5 Two Led Horses, richly furnished, one after the Franke, and the other after the Turkish Fashion. t Frank, sbf- Obs. Forms; 4 frawnke, 6-7 franke, 7 franck, 5- frank, [a. OF. franc in same sense.] 1 . An enclosure, esp. a place to feed hogs in; a sty. Also, the process of fattening animals. ?a: 1400 Morte Arth. 3248 Alle froytez foddenid was ]>at floreschede in erthe, ffaire frithed in frawnke appone tha free bowes. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 177/1 Frank, kepynge of fowlys to make fatte, saginarium. 1562 Bulleyn Def. agst. Sickness 67 The fatte Oxe, or vglie brauned Bore.. can not come out from their frankes or staules. 1621 Sander¬ son Semn. I. 194 Like boars in a franck, pining themselves into lard. 1736 Bailey Househ. Diet. 115 The Frank should be in form something like a dog kennel, a little longer than the boar. 1823 Crabb Technol. Diet ., Frank , a place to feed boars in. And in mod. Diets. fig. 1563 Becon Compar. Lord's Supper Sf Pope's Mass Wks. III. no, I may speake nothyng of that most fatte francke of Whoremongers, Adulterers .. and suche other idle beastes. 2 . Comb.: frank-fed a., fed in a frank ; fatted. 1550 Bale Image Both Ch. xiv. H ij b, The frank fed porkelynges of that gredy gulf. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 480 These guests of his fared so highly, that a man would haue said they had bin franke-fed. Hence fFranky a. nonce-wd., looking as if frank-fed ; ‘ stalled *. 1583 Stanyhurst AEneis iii. (Arb.) 77 We view’d grasing heards of bigge franckye fat oxen. + Prank, sb.% Obs. rai'e. [? Short for Frank¬ incense ; cf. France.] 14. . Epiph. in Tundale's Vis. no Franke. 1502 Arnolde Chron. (1811) 234 Spycery. .Frankke. + Frank, sbA Obs. Also 6-7 fran(c)k(e. [f. Frank v .] A name given to the plant Spurry, from its fattening properties; also frank spurry. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. xxxviii. 56 This herbe [Spurry] is called in Englishe Francke, bicause of the property it hath to fat cattell. 1640 Parkinson Theat. Bot. 562 Both the Dutch and we in England call it Spurry or Franck Spurry, for the causes aforesaid, but I do a little more explaine the names, in calling it Francking Spurrewort. i659Torriano, FRANK. Spergola y the hearb Frank, Surrie, or Spurrie : it is good to fatten cattle. Frank (frceijk), sbf> [f. Frank vf] 1 . The superscribed signature of a person, e.g. a member of Parliament, entitled to send letters post free. 1713 4 Philopatrius * Red. SacheverelVs Thanksgiv ,.- Day 4 The Franks are now become a Monopoly to one Side. 1776 Twiss Tour in Ireland 37 The third custom is that of forging franks. 1812 Scott Let. to Crabbe in Lockhart Life xxv, I must, .send this scrawl into town to get a frank .. it is not worthy of postage. 1852 Raine Mem. Surtees 02 note , The want of a frank for a letter, .frequently afforded nim an errand. Comb. 1859 Sala Gas-light <$• D. v. 62 There were regular frank-hunters—men who could nose a member who had not yet given all his franks away. 2 . A letter or envelope bearing such a super¬ scription. 1755 Wesley Wks. (1872) XII. 182 Mr. Perronet sends them down to me in franks. 1781 Cowper Wks. (1837) XV. 63, I did it to save a frank. x8o6 Scott Earn. Lett. 16 Dec. (1894) I. 62, I cannot employ time or a frank better than by inquiring whether you have got rid of the unlucky typhus. 1838 Dickens Nick. Nick, xvi, To send the manuscript in a frank to the local paper. 1878 Symonds Shelley 26 Shelley, .would stop to fix his father's franks upon convenient trees and shoot at them. 3 . fig. Mark of approval; ‘ stamp \ rare. 1876 World V. No. 108.11 Impecuniosity has had the frank of Fashion. Frank (frreqk), sbf dial. [app. a rendering of the sound made by the bird ; see quots.] A heron. 1823 Moor Suffolk Wds ., Frank , the large slow-flying, fish-eating, heron .. Our name is probably derived from its monotone—which is supposed to be like fra a a nk. [1829 Col. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 4 All the flesh and feathers I could see. .were 4 old Francis ’ (a heron) and 4 the parson * (a cormorant). 1870 Athenaeum 10 Sept.. 332 When danger is apparent, the Heron rises with his peculiar cry of 4 frank ! ’] Frank, a. 1 : see after Frank sb . 1 Frank(fnegk),rt. 2 Forms: 4franc,5-6franke, 6-7 franck(e, (6 franeque), 5- frank, [a. OF. franc (= Yx. franc, Sp., Pg., It .franco') med.Lat. frations free; originally identical with the ethnic name Francus (see Frank sb. 1 ), which acquired the sense of ‘ free’ because in Frankish Gaul full freedom was possessed only by those belonging to, or adopted into, the dominant people. Cf. the use of the originally ethnic name Slave, and of OE. wealh, orig. 4 Welshman to denote a person of servile con¬ dition.] 1 . —Free in various applications of the word ; often fratik and free. + a. Free in condition; not in serfdom or slavery. Obs. The meaning of the first quot. is doubtful: perh. = 2. c 1300 Maximian 159 (Digby MS.) in Anglia III. 280 Of herte ich was wel li^t. .And franc mon of honde. . a 1470 Tiptoft Caesar (1530) 13 He was frank & free borne in a free cytye. 1574 tr. Littleton's Tenures 40 a, The pleyntyfe say- ethe that hee is franke and of free estate and noe vylleyne. + b. Free to come and go ; released from capti¬ vity. Also fi'ank and quit ; cf. Yx. franc et quitte (Commines), Anglo-L. liber et quietus. Obs. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 66 He shulde .. deliver out of prison a gret nombre of yong men of werre of Cartage .. and he shulde goo frank and quite. *11533 Ld. Berners Huo?i xliii. 143 He and all his company shall deperte franke and free at there pleasure. 1633 J. Done Hist. Septuagint 25 All the Jewes that..have been taken.,shall be sent francke and free. + c. Free from restraint or impediment; unre¬ stricted, unchecked. Const, of. Of a wind; Steady (cf. Fr. vent franc). Obs. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 41 He .. was all free and franke of alle his enemyes. 1531-2 Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 18 Many shippes .. haue .. had their franke passages without let impedimente or interruption. 1538 Starkey Engla7id 1. ii. 53 Euery one of them, .are desyrouse of frank lyberty. 1559 in Strype Ann. Ref. I. App. viii. 22 When franke election first beganne. 1570 B. Googe Pop. Kingd. 1. i. 46 If any happen to mislike, that they may francke and free appeale unto the Court of Rome. 1579 Fenton Guicciard. I. (1599) 3° °ff ere d him. .franke power to dispose of him and his armie. 1624 Wotton Archit. in Reliq. (1672) 35 A frank light can mis-become no /Edifice whatsoever. 1628 F. Fletcher WorldEncomp. 45 Being glad, .to fall asterne againe, with francke winde [etc.]. f d. Free from obligation in respect of payments or other conditions; free of charge ; unconditional. Frank traffic = Free trade. Obs. 1525 Ld. Bf.rners Froiss. Il.ccxxii. [ccxviii.] 685 Desyre ..that ye maybe franke and fre fro all subsydies. 1534 More Treat. Passion Wks. 1286/2 Landes .. franke and free simpliciter and wythout anye condicion. 1581 J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 391 b. Let Pardons be as francke and free as they would seeme to be for me. 1591 Spenser M. Hubbcrd 531 Thou hast it wonne, for it is of franke gift. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 210 A faire free and franke of al custome. 1659 Pearson Creed (1839) 5 X 7 The remission of our sins is the frank forgiving of our debts. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 405 All nations .. went thither by reason of franck Traffick. 1727 Pope, etc. Art of Sinking 122 The court of aldermen, .shall all have their places frank. + e. Free from anxiety, unburdened. Obs. c 1477 Caxton Jason 104 The goode shipman began to rowe with a franck corage. 1558 Bp. Watson Sev. Sacram. xxvi. 168 With a franke harte and a good wyll. 2 . Liberal, bounteous, generous, lavish, esp. in dealing with money. Const f of. f Frank house = ‘ open house \ FRANK. 512 FRANKISH. 1484 Caxton Chivalry 92 Chyualrye and Fraunchyse accorden to gyder..the knyght must be free and franke. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Cong. E. Ind. iv. 13 Through whose, .franke distribution of that he had, many of our men were recouerd. 1587 Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1299/1 My lord Norths, .was no whit behind anie of the best for a franke house. 1588 Marftrel. Epist. (Arb.) 39, I would wish you not to be so francke with your bribes. 1608-11 Bp. Hall Medit. Votvs iii. § 32 The world, like a frank Chapman, sayes, All these will I give thee, a 1639 Wotton inGutch Coll. Cur. I. 217 They have always been frank of their blessings to countenance any great action. 1672 Drvden Marr. a-la-Mode Ded., You are endued with that excellent Quality of a frank Nature, to forget the good which you have done. 1676 Etherf.dge Man 0/Mode v. i, Lose it all like a frank gamester on the square. 1851 Carlyle Sterling in. vi. (1872) 219 He. .set about improve¬ ments..on a frank scale. 1856 Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. i. 43 In such frank style the people lived. + b. in bad sense (of a woman). 1735 Pope Ep. Lady 71 Chaste to her Husband, frank to all beside. c. Of a horse : Frank to lheroad=YjkEE a. 20 c. 1816 Scott Antiq . xl, ‘ He’s very frank to the road.* 3 . a. Not practising concealment; ingenuous, open, sincere. Of feelings : Undisguised. 1555 W. Watreman Fardle Facions App. 321 Thebonde- man. .lacketh the franeque noblenes of minde. 1604SHAKS. Oth. 1. iii. 38 Bearing with frank appearance Their purposes toward Cyprus. 1656 W. Montague Accompl. Worn. 11 Quick and lively humours are readier and franker; but then the Melancholy are the discreeter. 1741 Richardson Pamela (1824) I. 146 We dined together in a most .. frank manner. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian i, Frank in his temper, ingenuous in his sentiments. 1815 Elphinstone Acc. Caubul (1842) I. 323 The manners of the Afghaunsare frank and open. 1847-8 H. Miller First Impr. v. (1857) 63 The English are by much a franker people than the Scotch. 1873 Black Pr. Thule vi. 93 A look of frank gratitude in her eyes. b. With reference to speech: Candid, outspoken, unreserved. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. xi. 10 Whome he folowed also in franke reprouing of kinges. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V ', I. ii. 244 With franke and with vneurbed plain* nesse, Tell vs Dolphins minde. 1660 Ormond Let. to Covu- ley in Academy (1893) 7 Oct. 296/2 An ingenuous and frank recantation. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 251 In their con¬ versation frank and open. 1828 Carlyle Misc. (1857) I- 131 How frank and downright in speech. 1849 Thackeray Pendennis xvi, The honest frank boy just returned from school. 1870 Mrs. Riddell Austin Friars ii, You may as well be frank with me. c. Avowed, undisguised ; downright. 1752 Warburton Wks. 1811 IX. vi. 135 The Founders of empires and false religions.. were frank Enthusiasts. 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lamps iv. § 2. 95 Farther than this man's invention could not reach without frank imitation. 1877 Daily Nevus 27 Dec. 6/2 What may be effected by frank force remains to be seen. 18.. Med. News L. 306(Cent.) Although there frank peritonitis coexisted. + 4. Of plants, trees, etc. : Of superior quality for the purpose to which they are applied; pro¬ ducing good and abundant fruit, or the like. Often applied to cultivated as opposed to wild plants. Of drugs, etc.: Of high quality, valuable. Cf. Frankincense. 06 s . i486 Bk. St. A linns C ij b, Take powder of Canell and the Juce of franke cost. 1572 Mascall Plant. <$• Graff. (1592) 52 Take your Cions of a Peach tree., and graffe them vpon a frank Mulberie tree. 1574 Hyll Planting 85 All sortes of franke trees .. may be graft with grades. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 11. lxxvii. 250 There be two sortes of Sage, the one is small and franke, and the other is great. Ibid.v 1. lxvii. 743 The secondekind of Withy called the Franke Ozier hath no great stemme. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 369 The greatest price of the garden frank-Myrrh, or that which is set by mans hand is 22 deniers. 1647-8 Cotterell Davila's Hist. Fr. (1678) 40 Applied all manner of frank remedies. + 5 . Luxuriant in growth, lusty, vigorous. Obs. 1550 Bale Image Both Ch. ix. I iv, When they were ones franke & fatt, they stode vp together proudely againste the Lorde. Ibid. Kj, I behelde in a visyon the horses, franke, fatte, and fearce. 1555 W. Watreman Fardle Facions 1. i. 24 The graciousnes of the earth was also abated, and the francke fertilitie therof. .withdrawen. 1591 Spenser Muio- potmos 148 Over the fields, in his franke lustinesse, And all the champain o’re he soared light. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 540 The Sap is not so frank as to rise all to the Boughs. 6. Comb., chiefly parasynthetic, as + frank-bom , -faced, + - handed, -hearted (whence frank-hearted - ness) adjs ; + franklike adv. 1600 Holland Livy xlv. xxiv. (1609) 1217 All of us in Rhodes *franke-borne and of free condition. 1873 A. Dobson Vignettes in Rhyme , Sundialx ii, Blue-eyed, *frank-faced, with clear and open brow. ? a 1626 Breton Mad World (Grosart) 8 A wench as *franck-handed, as free-hearted, and as liberall for love. 1644 Bulwer Chirol. 62 Of a bountifull disposition and franke-handed. a 1600 Hooker Serm. Hab. ii. 4 Wks. 1888 III. 604 That *frank-hearted wastefulness spoken of in the gospel. 1813 Scott Trierm. 1. xi, The frank-hearted Monarch. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. lxviii. 10 Signifieth an unconstreyned willingnesse, or a meere *frankhartednesse. 1587 Turberv. Trag. T. (1837)89 She made a large behest, Of gold that she would *franklike give. + Prank, vJ Obs. [f. Frank sb. 2 ] 1 . trans. To shut up and feed (up) in a frank. <71440 Promp. Parv. 177/1 Frankyd, saginatus. 1553 Eden Treat. Newe Did. (Arb.) 29 They .. francke them vntyll they be very fat. 1556 Withals Diet. (1568) 38 a/2 A Itilia, all things franked to be made fatte. 1600 Holland Livy vi. xvii. (1609) 228 The Commons doe feed and franke up, even for the shambles and butchers knife the fautorsand maintainers of their weale and libertie. 2 . To feed high ; to cram. Also with up. 1583 Stanyhurst sEneis 1. (Arb.) 24 Theyre panch with venison they franck. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 539 They .. franke them vp like fat ware, with good corn-meale. 1633 T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter ii. 22 When they are saginated and franked, their turn comes to bleed. Jig. 1555 Abp. Parker Ps. lxiii. 175 Lo thus my soule full frankt shall bee. 1606 J. Carpenter Solomon's Solace i. 5 Israel .. franked and pampered with prosperitie. 1633 Ford Broken H. iii. ii, One that franks his lust In swine- security of bestial incest. b. intr. for reft. To feed greedily. 1586 Warner A lb. Eng. (1602) 102 That frankes and feedeth daintily, this pines and fareth ill. Hence + Franked ppl. a ., fattened in a frank or pen. + Fra'nking vbl. sb. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 177/1 Frankynge, saginacio. 1466 Paston Lett. No. 549 II. 268, xxvii. frankyd gees, vis. viiiA/. (Ohio) 17 Oct. 7/3 The envelopes, not containing any frankable matter. Frank-almoign, -almoin. Law. [a. AF. fraunke almoigne: see Frank a. 2 and Almoign.] (See Almoign 2.) + Frank-arbitrian. Obs. rare. [f. Y. franc arlntre free-will + -IAN.] A free-wilier. 1633 W. Struther True Happincs 19 This is the mother of the Frank-arbitrians pride. + Frank bank. Law. Obs. Also 6 frank bench, [a. AF. franc banc, =med.L. francus bancus : see Frank a. 2 , Bank sb. 2 ] =Free bench. [1419 Liber Aldus 1. ii. (Rolls) 68 Quae habet francum ban- cum suum.] 1598 Kitchin Courts Leet (1675) 202 The Woman, .shall have all the Copyhold whereof the Husband | died seized for her Franck-bench. 1605-6 Act 3 fas. /, c. 5 § 11 The Widowes Estate and Frankbanck. 1651G. W. tr. Cowels hist. 59 Tenants in Franck Banck. FraTik-chase. Law. [f. Frank a. 2 + Chase. sb .] Free chase: see quot. 1641 and Chase ri. 1 2. 1587 Harrison England ii. xix. (1877) 1. 310 The franke chase .. taketh something both of parke and forrest. [1594 Crompton Jurisdict. E. 1. Trespas F. 239 Le ley de franke chase est, etc.] 1641 Temiesde la Ley 167 Franke chase is a liberty of Frank chase, by which all men having land within this compasse are prohibited to cut downe the wood, or discover, &c. without the view of the Forester, although it be his owne. C1645 Howell Lett. iv. xvi. (1655) 39 None but the King can have a forest; If he chance to passe one over to a Subject, 'tis no more Forest, but frank Chase. Franker (fne-qkoj). [f. Frank v . 2 + -er i.] One who franks a letter. 1784 Mrs. Boscawen Let. in Mrs. Delany's Corr. Ser. u. III. 228 My son us’d to have the honour to be franker to your ladyship. 1818 Miss Mitford in L’Estrange Life (1870) II. 35 He has the worst fault a franker can have ; he is un-come-at-able. 1880 Antiquary 25/1 The stamp may usually be depended upon to authenticate the autograph of the franker. Fra'nk-fee. Law. [f. Frank a . 2 + Fee sb. Cf. Anglo-L. liberum feodum .] a. A tenure of lands in fee-simple, esp. as opposed to ancient demesne ; see Demesne 4. b. Land so held. 1531 Dial. Doct. <5* Stud. ii. ii. 7 a, Whan a plee is remoued out of auncyen demeane for that the lande is franke fee. a 1626 Bacon Max. <5- Uses Com. Law ii. (1636) 6 If tenant in ancient demesne bee disseised by the Lord .. and the disseisee bring his assize in the Court of the Lord, Francke fee is no plea. 1741 T. Robinson Gavelkind v. 70 Yet in his Hands the Land is Frank-Fee. t Frank-ferm. Law. Obs. [a. AF. franke fertile : see Frank a . 2 and Farm jA 2 ] Freehold tenure at a fixed rent. 1767 Blackstone Comm. II. 81 It was thought, in the reigns of both Edward I and Charles II, a point of the utmost importance, .to the tenants, to reduce the tenure by knight-service to fraunke ferme or tenure by socage. Fra'nkfold. Law. [f. Frank a . 2 + Fold v.‘~] = Faldage. Also Frankfolclage in same sense. 1609 Patent 7 fas. I in Act 5 Geo. Ill, c. 26 Preamb., Rents, pensions, portions, frankfolds. 1628 Coke On Litt. 114 b, To hold .. frank foldage .. a man may make title by usage. 1708 Termes de la Ley ^52 Frankfold is where the Lord nath benefit of folding his Tenants Sheep within his Manor for the manuring of his Land. Frankfort (fne-9kf6.it). The name of a Ger¬ man city, attrib. in Frankfort black, a fine black pigment used in copper-plate engraving. 1823 J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 28 The black which is made by sublimation of pitch in dark chambers, and termed lamp-black and Frankfort black. 1853 Urk Diet. Arts, etc . I. 814 Frankfort black is. .made by calcining vine-branches, and the other refuse lees of the vinegar vats, in Germany. Frankincense (frarqkinsens). Forms : 4 franke ensens, 5 frank encens, -ensence, -yn- sens, 6 frankenscence, -insence, (6-7 fran(c)k- umsence), 6- frankincense, [a. OF. franc encens : see Frank a. 54 and Incense. The special meaning of the adj. in this combination seems to be ‘of high quality’: see Frank a . 2 5.] 1 . An aromatic gum resin, yielded by trees of the genus Boswellia, used for burning as incense; olibanum ; occas. the smoke from the same. a 1387 Sinon. Barthol. (Anecd. Oxon.) 42 Thus album, i. olibanum, franke ensens. c 1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 8 Kynges iij With gold, myrre, and firankynsens. ? c 1475 Sqr. lowe Degre 849 Cloves that be swete smellyng, Franken- sence, and olibanum. 1552 Latimer Serm. Gosp. vi. 188 Franckumsence to signify his priesthoode. 1645 Fuller Good Th. in Bad T. (1841) 50 He. .sent Leonidas a present of five hundred talents’ weight of frankincense. 1718 Prior Pleasure 904 Curling frankincense ascends to Baal. 1834 Lytton Pompeii iv. iii, Odour of myrrh and frankincense. 2 . Resin resembling this, obtained from firs or pines. Also, the tree itself. 1577 Harrison England 11. xxii. (1877) 1. 342 The firre, frankincense, and pine we doo not altogither want. 1620 J. Mason Brief Disc. Newfoundland Biij, Tarre.Tirpintine, Frank-Incense. 1866 Treas. Bot.,Frankincense..European, a resinous exudation of the spruce fir. The name is also applied to Pinus Tseda. 3 . attrib. as frankincense-pine, -tree. 1611 Bible Ecclus. 1 . 8 As the branches of the frankincense tree in the time of summer. 1671 Salmon Syn. Med. iii. xxii. 436 Frankincense tree, c 1865 Letheby in Circ. Sc. I. io6/r The Frankincense pine of Virginia (Pinus tarda). Hence Pra-nkincensed a., perfumed with frank¬ incense. i860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. ix. i. 204 No velvet-bound missal, nor frankincensed manuscript. Frankish (froc-rjkiJ), a. (sb.) For earlier forms cf. French, [f. Frank sbO + -ish.] 1 . Of or pertaining to the ancient Franks. 1802 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. XIII. n The French, through their Frankish ancestors [have] hacher. 1875 J. C. Robertson Hist. Chr. Ch. III. 8 Leodegar was. .connected with the most powerful families of the Frankish nobility. 2 . Of or pertaining to the Western nations. 1594 Carew Tasso 1. lxxvi. 41 Onely the King of Trypoli .*. Athwart the Frankish army might haue stept. 1862 Fairholt Up Nile 52 Frankish gold has overridden religious prejudices. 3 . sb. The language of the Franks. 1863 Miss Sewell Chr. Names i. 6 France kept Frank names, .while ceasing to speak Frankish. FRANK-LAW FRANTIC. t Frank-law. Law. Obs . [f. Frank a . 2 + Law.] The condition of a full freeman ( liber et legalis homo), esp. the liberty of being sworn in courts, as a juror or witness. i6o7inCowEL. 1641 Terntes de la Ley 78 The party attainted shall lose his Franke Law [AF .perdera son Frank Ley], to the intent that hee be not impannelled upon Juries or Assises. Franklin (free*gklin). Forms: 3francoleyn, 4 fraunkeleyn, 4-6 frank(e)le(i)n, -(e)leyn, (4 fran(c)kelain, -layn(e, 5 franklon), 6-9 fran(c)klin(g, -lyn(g, 6- franklin. [First re¬ corded as Anglo-L. franc-colanus, francalanus, franchelanus (i2-i3th c.); it appears as AF. frannclein a 1307 (Du Cange s.v. Franckilanus ). The ultimate formation is clearly from med.L. francus, OF. franc Frank a.%; but the process of formation is somewhat obscure. The suffix is usually supposed to represent the OHG. -line, -ling. This is possible, but the analogy of Chamberlain is not quite conclusive, as there is no trace of an OHG. franclinc or Lat. *franclingus, nor on the other hand does L. * earnerlanus appear. Possibly francalanus may be f. the adj .francdlis ‘ having the rights of a freeman’, {.francus. The earliest spelling franccolanus suggests that the word was in 1200 supposed to be a compound.] + 1 . A freeman. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 5374 First he was here als our thain Bot now es he for ai franckelain. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xix. 39 And ]>o h^t bicome crysten, byconseille of he baptiste, Aren frankeleynes, fre men. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 177/1 Franke- leyne, libertinus. 2 . A freeholder; in 14-15th c. the designation of a class of landowners, of free but not noble birth, and ranking next below the gentry. [1200 Rotuli Chartamm 43/1 Unam carrucatam terrae apud Hamerwich cum villanis et franchelano. Ibid. 82/1 Omnia feuda militum et franccolanorum qui tenent de eodem monasterio. a 1300 Vit. Har. Reg. (1885) 34 A duobus ut fertur mediocribus viris quos francalanos sive agricolas voccant agnitus.] 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 36 Wei may a symple Francoleyn in mysese hym so bringe Of lutel lond, wan her fel such of a kyng. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 239 No oher lorde stoute, ne fraunkeleyn of toun, Tille holy kirke salle gyue tenement, c 1386 Chaucer Prol. 216 Ful vvel biloved and famulier was he With frankeleyns over al in his cuntre. c 1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 1071 Marchaundes & Franklonz worshipfulle & honorable, .may be set semely at a squyers table. 1528 Roy Rede Me( Arb.) 100 One or two ryche francklyngis Occupyinge a dosen mens lyvyngis. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. x. 6 Entred in, a spatious court they see .. Where them does meete a francklin faire and free. 1618-29 App. in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) 1 * *7 To make.. Francklines, and rich Farmers, Esquires, to pre¬ cede them, would yield your Majesty also a great sum of money in present. 1655 Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. (1746) 340 The Franklin’s Bread of England is counted most nourishing. 1659 Howell Lexicon, Proverbs may be called the truest Franklins or Freeholders of a Coun ¬ trey. 1843 Lytton Last Bar. iv. v, His dress was that of a substantial franklin. + 3 . Applied allusively to: A liberal host. Cf. Frank a 2 2. Obs. 1577-87 Holinshed Chron. II. 31/1 To purchase the name of a sumptuous frankelen or a good viander. 1727 Somer¬ ville Officious Messenger 72 No Franklin carving of a Chine At Christide, ever look’d so fine. Franklinian (frmrjkli’nian), a. (sb.) [f. the proper name Franklin + -IAN.] A. adj. Of or pertaining to Benjamin Franklin ; also, following Franklin (in politics). 1767 Priestley Hist. Electricity in Franklin's Wks. (1887) II. 65 The Franklinian system. 1808 J. Webster Nat. Phil. 133 The Franklinian Theory. 1814 J. Q. Adams IVks. (1856) X. 90 In politics, Rittenhouse was..Franklinian, democrat, totally ignorant of the world. B. sb. A follower of Franklin ; a Franklinist. 1794 G. Adams Nat. ^ having been supposed to be con¬ nected free.] 1 . The system by which every member of a tithing was answerable for the good conduct of, or the damage done by, any one of the other members. 16.. Act. in Stow Surv. (1633)671 You shall., inquire if any man .. abide within your Ward that is not put under frank pledge. 1817 T. J. Pettigrew Lettsom II. 247 Every place must, .be a free settlement, where frank-pledge is properly maintained. 1874 Green Short Hist. iv. § 4. 190 The system of. ‘ frank-pledge’, or free engagement of neighbour for neighbour, was accepted after the Danish wars. transf. 1796 Burke Let. Noble Ld. Wks. VIII. 50 The solemn, sworn, constitutional frank-pledge of this nation. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 13 The servants of the Crown were not, as now, bound in frankpledge for each other. b. View of frankpledge : a court held periodi¬ cally for the production of the members of a tithing, later of a hundred or manor. Cf. Court-leet. Obs. exc. in formal notices. [1292 Britton i. i. § 13 En cyteez et en burgs et en fraun- chises, et en tourns des viscountes, et en vewe de fraung plege.] 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 29 § 1 Viewe of fiaunci- plegge within the purcynct of the seid Manoir. 1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. 1. xii. 52 b, A generall assembly, yet called the view of Frankepledge. .or the Leete court, r 1630 Risdon Surv. Devon § 91 (1810) 88 The town hatha weekly market, and yearly fairs, with toll and view of frankpledge. 1747 Carte Hist. Eng. I. 311 Once a year, (and if necessary twice) there was held an extraordinary assembly of the hun¬ dred, called a view of frankpledge or court leet. 1818 [see 2]. 1864 Notice on Kirkby (Yorks.) Church Door , A Court Leet or Law Daj% with view of Frankpledge., will be holden. 2 . One of the mutually responsible members of a tithing, etc. Occas. the tithing or decenary itself. 1502 Arnolde Chron. 93 Francpledge. 1523 Fitzherb. Surv. xi. (1539) 25 True reue, true frank plege. 1754 Hume Hist. Eng. I. ii. 50 These decennaries received the name of the frank-pledge. 1765 Blackstone Comm. I. 114 Entire vills sir Henry Spelman conjectures to have consisted of ten freemen, or frank-pledges. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) III. 266 The view of frankpledge .. means the examination or survey of the frankpledges. t Frankpost. Building. Obs . [f. Frank a. 2 + Post sb.] ? An angle-post in a frame building. 1587 Harrison England 11. xii. (1877) 1. 233 In the., champagne countrie they are inforced for want of stufle to use no studs, .but onlie frankeposts, raisins, beames, pricke- posts.. whereunto they fasten their splints or radels, and then cast it over with thicke claie. Fra’nk-tenement. Law. [a. AFr.; see Fkank a . 2 and Tenement.] = Freehold. So Frank-tennre [see Tenure]. [1292 Britton iii. ii. § 2 Brefs de dreit de mariage ne sount mie fraunc tenement.] 1523 Fitzherb. Surv. 14 Yet haue they no franke tenement bycause of the commen lawe. 159a West 1st Pt. Symbol. § 41 B, An estate of franktenement, is where a man hath the freehold of land. 1600 Holland Livy xxi. xlv. (1609) 419 To enjoie to them and their heires for ever, as freehold in frank tenure. 1643 Sir J. Spelman Case of Affairs 6 Yet does not he de¬ prive the Lord of his Lordship in the Copy-hold, nor .. devest the Fee and Frank-tenement out of the lord. fig. 1593 Harvey Supererog. Wks. (Grosart) II. 229 See, how the daggletaild rampalion bustleth for the frank-tene¬ ment of the dung-hill. t Frank-tenementary. Sc. Law. Obs. [See -ary.] One who possesses freehold lands. 1488 Acta Dom. Cone. 92/1 Quharethrow he Intromett w* \>e saidis landis bot be his grantschir quhilk wes bot franktenementare alanerly. + Frankve'rytie. French Feudal Law. Obs. [ad. V .franche veritl lit. ‘ frank truth’ : see Frank a . 2 and Verity.] A feudal court at Calais. 1528 Sir R. Weston in Dillon Calais 2lI i>ei ben worse pan frentikes. 1365 Jewel Repl. Harding (1611) 106 Persons Excommunicate, Infants, Phrentickes, and Mad Men. 1616 B. Jonson Devil an Ass XV. vi, You did neuer heare A Phrentick, so in loue with his owne fauour ! 1695 Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth n. 88 The world was little better than a common fold of Phren- ticks and Bedlams. 0 - *574 J- Jones Nat. BeginningGrosu. Things 34 Idiots, Dolts, Lunatikes, Frantikes, and blockheads. i6ix Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xxiii. §99 He was esteemed as a frantick, and sent to the Marshal-See for a Lunaticke foole. 1669 Penn No Cross Wks. 1782 II. 96 Being slighted of them for a ninny, a fool, a frantick [etc.]. 1758 Jortin Erasnt. I. 192 The combustions raised by these Frantics. Hence "J Frantic v. intr ., to move frantically. x® 3 S Quarles Emil. v. iv. (1818) 270 Like to the arctic needle, that .. First frantic's up and down from side to side, And restless heats his crystal ivory case. Frantically (ffre’ntikali'), adv. [f. Frantic a. + -al + -ly In a frantic manner. 1749 Hurd Horace's Art 0/ Poetry Notes § 123 She herself.. says, fiercely indeed, but not frantically. 1831 Carlyle Sart. Res. 11. v, Our philosopher .. was heartily and even frantically in Love. 1859 R. F. Burton Centr. A/r. in Jml. Geog. Soc. XXIX. 332 Frantically flourishing his spear and agitating his bow. Franticly (frse-ntikli), adv. ff. Frantic a. + -ly 2 .] = Frantically. 1549 Bale Leland’s N. Year's Gift D i b, Them that so frantycklye on their ale benches do prattle. 1596 Edward 11 p hi. v, He lion-like.. Franticly rends and bites the woven toil. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid’s Met. ix. (1626) 190 Hopelesse, her hated mansion she eschues: And frantickly, her brothers flight persues. 1794 Sullivan View Nat. I. 8 The one is gloomy and ferociously distracted ; the other is merrily, but perhaps not less franticly mad. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xix, She cried thus franticly, to ears which she was taught to believe were stopped by death. 1883 Harpers Mag. Apr. 687/2 Everything here was.. franticly scrubbed. Franticness (fne-ntiknes). [f. as prec. + -ness.] The state or condition of being frantic. a 1529 Skelton Sp. Parrot 411 Of frantycknes and folyssh- nes, Whyche ys the grett state? 1583 Golding Calvin on Deut. clxxii. 1568 Men bee driuen with a certaine furie or frentikenesse. 1664 Pepys Diary 15 Aug., Her kinswoman, who it seems is sickly even tofrantiqueness sometimes. 17x8 Entertainer No. 21 P 6 Frantickness, and a Start of Passion, they deify’d as the Extremity of Courage and Resolution. 1878 Mrs. Hungerford Molly Bawn (1893) 139 You have all the franticness to yourself. + Fra*ntling, vbl. sb. Obs. nonce-wd. Used to express the noise made by peacocks. a 1693 Urquhart Rabelais hi. xiii. 107 The barking of Curs, .coniating of Storks, frantling of Peacocks. Franzy, dial, form of Frenzy. Frap, sb. Obs. rare— \ [echoic: cf. Rap.] A noise made by knocking. In quot. attrib. 1583 Stanyhurst AEneis iv. (Arb.) 120 Mightily rapping Her brest with thumping frap knocks. Frap (frsep), v. [a. OF. fraper (mod.F. frap¬ per) =Yx. frapar, It. frappare to strike; of obscure origin, but perh. f. the Tent, root flap -: see Flap. It has been conjectured that the ON or thumb. (ge)fr^Pgiga meant ‘ to strike ’; it renders ( re^verebuntur (which the glossator may have mistaken for verberantur !) and accus- arent. The two ostensible senses are so irreconcilable that the supposition of a blunder seems justifiable ; possibly the ONorthumb. may preserve the Teut. root of the Rom. word.] 1 . a. trans. To strike; to beat; also fig. Obs. exc. dial. fb. intr. To strike (at, on). Obs. a. 13.. Coer de L. 2513 With myn ax I schal hem frape. a 1330 Syr Degarre 13 He .. frapte his tail with gret mi3t Upon Degarres side, c 1400 Destr. Troy 10515 Kepis you in couer. .Tyll the kyng and his company by comyn within; ffallys on hym fuersly, frap hym to dethe. 1566 Painter Pal. Pleas ., Rhom. 4* Jul. (1575) II. 197 Who heart was frapped with sutch surpassing woe, as neither teare nor word could issue forth. 1583 Stanyhurst AEneis 111. (Arb.) 88 A seabelch grounting on rough rocks rapfulye frapping Was hard. 1727 Bradley Earn. Diet. s.r. Bread, You may know that the Oven is hot enough, when frapping a Pole against the Hearth, .small Sparks arise. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss., Frap , to strike, to rap. b. 13.. Coer de L. 4546 The Crystene on hem gan fast to frape. ?a 1400 Morte ArtJi. 1115 He. .frappez faste at hys face fersely per-aftyr ! 1750 Ellis Mod. Husb. IV. iii. 65 (E. D. S.) If [the calfs tail] do not bleed to your desire, frap about it with the handle of a knife. 2 . Naut. To bind tightly. [So also in Fr.] 1548 HALLC//n?«., Hen. VIII , 22 b, Thei frapped together xxiiii. greate Hulkes. 1578 Bourne Inventions No. 14. 10 The caske being layd close vnto the ballest, and fraped down close, that it doth not stirre. 1703 [see Frape 2 .] 1756 Gentl. Mag. XXVI. 15 Who. .caused the stern-post and stan¬ dard to be frapped together, and both of them to be frapped to the mizzen-mast. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789), Ceintrer, to frap a ship, or pass turns of a cable round the middle of the hull of a ship, to support her in a storm. 1835 Sir J. Ross Narr. 2nd Voy. iii. 32 It seemed possible to frapp the shrouds and stays in such a way as to secure it from going overboard. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xxv. 82 We succeeded.. in smothering it and frapping it [the sail] with long pieces of sinnet. 1857 S. Osborn Quedah xii. 151 All superfluous branches were lopped off, and the whole well frapped together with cords. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bk ., Frap, to secure the falls of a tackle together by means of spun yarn, rope yarn, or any lashing wound round them. 1879 Farrar St. Paul (1883) 714 They could not help in such technical tasks as frapping the vessel. 1882 Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 45 The end is. .frapped round all parts. b. To brace the cords of a drum by pulling them together. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 914. t Frapaille. Obs. [a. OF. frapaille, collect, f. frape: see Frape 1 .] A contemptuous name given to a body of people; rabble; esp. the camp-followers of an army. c 1330 R. Brunne Citron. Wace (Rolls) 13319 per frapaille pat fel nought to be in bataille Vnder an hil he set pempere. + Fra’part. Obs. rare. Also in contracted form frap. [a. OF. frapart, i. frapper to strike.] Only in friar frapart [F.frtre frappart 1 s’est dit d’un moine libertin et debauche ’ (Littre)]. a 1535 More How Serjea?it woldc lerne to be frere 267 in Hazl. E. P. P. III. 129 The frier frap, gate many a swap. 1600 O. E. Rcpl. to Libel Ep. Ded. 3 Be they monarkes, or be they fryer frapartes. Ibid. 1. i. 5 A .. religion .. built vpon impious popes, frier fraparts, and massing priests mouthes. + Fra’pe. 1 Obs. [? a. OF. frap of same mean- ing, f. fraper : see Frap v.] 1 . A crowd ; a mob, the rabble. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 323 pe prid day comgrete frape, & conged him away, a 1400 Pistill of Susan 289 pei be fendes al pe frape. ?« 1400 Morte Arth. 2091 This gen- tille. .ffyghttez with alle the ffrappe a furlange of waye. c 1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 5085 Ther cam of hem a grete frape, Ful like Giauntez thei wer y-shape. 1706 E. Ward Hud. Rediv. I. 1. n Let loose the Frape to shew their Folly. 1710 — Brit. Hud. 1. 11 This wild Frape, to Mis¬ chief free. 2. ? Tumult, disturbance. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 320 In alle pis mykelle frape wex a grete distance Of Boniface pe pape, & pe kyng of France. [1824-28 Craven Gloss., Fraps } noise, tumult.] Frape 2 , frap. [? f. Frap v. (see quot. 1703).] (See quot. 1867.) Also frape-boat. I 7°3 Dampier Voy. III. 20 From which girding them with Ropes, which our Seamen call Fraping, they have the Name of Frape-boats. 1867 Smyth Sailor’s Word-bk ., Frap , a boat for shipping salt, used at Mayo, one of the Cape de Verde Islands. t Fra*ple, v. Obs. [Cf. Frap v. and OF '.fra- pillier to be indignant, murmur.] intr. To dis¬ pute, wrangle, bluster. a 1595 Kelley in Ashm. Thcatr. Client. (1652) 324 Then you begin to fraple, Swearing and saying, what a fellow is this? 1609 Holland A mm. Marcell. xxvm. iv. 342 Frapling one against another pro and contra. Hence + Pra’pling’ vbl sb., + Pra-pling* ppl. a. Also Frapler sb. arch., a blusterer, bully. 1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. iv. iii, Thou art., a frapler, and base. 1600 O. E. Repl. to Libel 1. ii. 50 This frapling frier. 1600 Holland Livy viii. xxiii. (1609) 297 What frapling is here to no purpose. 1603 — Plutarch’s Mor. 47 Idomeneus in frappling prompt, What mean’st thou thus to prate? 1609 Bp. W. Barlow Anssu. Nameless Cath. 338 Like a vaine & frapling surueyor, who [etc.]. 1863 Sala Capt. Dangerous I. ii. 40 Grooms, and porters, and fraplers, and bullies. II Frappant (frapan), a. [Fr.; f. frapper to strike.] Striking, impressive. 1797 Scott Fam. Lett. (1804) I. 10 Her figure is not very frappant. [1812 H. & J. Smith Rej. Addr. x. 60 That ligneous barricado.. decorated with frappant and tintinnab- ulant appendages.] 1823 Blackio. Mag. XIV. 576 This is so extraordinarily frappant , that the .. baronet.. only ventured to put it forth once. II Frappe (frap*:), a. [Fr.; pa. pple. of frapper in sense of ‘ to ice (drinks) ’.] Iced, cooled. 1848 Longf. in Life (1891) II. 121 A warm morning; frappe at noon with an east wind. 1870 Lowf.ll Study Wind., Good Wordfor Winter, The air you drink is frappe. + Fra*ppet. Obs. rare- 1 . 1607 Wilkins Miseries Enforced Marr. Hjb, Why my little frappet you, I heard thy Vnckles talk of thy riches. Trapping (free-pig), vbl. sb. [f. Frap v. + -ING 1 .] The action of the vb. Frap in various senses; an instance of this; also concr. a lashing. Frapping turns (see quot. 1867). 1804 A. Duncan Mariner’s Chron. Pref. 8 The opposite ones are braced together under a bowsprit by a frapping. 1859 F. A. Griffiths Artil. Man. (1862) 216, 3 takes hold of the tube at the frapping with both hands. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s. v., The frapping increases tension. Ibid., Frapping turns, in securing the booms at sea the several turns of the lashings are frapped in preparation for the succeeding turns. 1882 Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 184 Pass a hawser round outside the rigging ready for frapping in a wreck. + Fra’ppish, a. Obs. [f. Frap v. + -ish ; cf. snappish. J Fretful, peevish. 1631 Celestina vii. 82 Hee is frappish, and I cannot beare. + Fra*ry. Obs. Also 5 fray-, freyry; and see Friary, [a. OF. frairie, frerie, i. frere brother.] 1 . A brotherhood, fraternity. 13.. Seynt Katerine in Leg. Kath. (1840) 196 He hath me to his frari cald That schal be hot of mi bale, c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems 171 Swiche a frary requyrithe Goddis curs. c 1450 Cuckold's Dance 215 in Hazl. E. P. P. I. 47 We be all off a freyry ; I ame your awne brother. ? a 1500 Man- kind (Brandi) 45/144 pe numbur of J?e demonycall frayry. ^505 Will of T. Prowde (Somerset Ho.), I bequeth to seynt Chadde frary. 2. = Friary. 1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 40 All their qwarters . .was burryd at Pardone church yerde in the frary. attrib. 1514 Grant in Wright Prov. Diet. s. v. Frary, M y frary dark. Frase, var. form of Frais, Fraise. Frase, obs. var. Phrase sb. and v. Frasier (fr^'zioj). Her. [ad. Y.fraisier straw¬ berry-plant, i. fraise strawberry.] (See quots.) 1828-40 Berry Encycl. Her. I, Frasier .. used by Scotch heralds in the blazon of the coat of Fraser..but English heralds call it a cinquefoil. 1889 Elvin Diet. Her., Frasier, Erases or Fraze , the same as Cinquefoil; sometimes termed a primrose. !l Fra'silah. Also 6 farazuola, frasoll, 7 frasslee. [mod.Arab. fdrsalah , pi. farasulah ; by some scholars thought to be of Romanic origin : cf. Parcel.] A weight varying from 12 to 35 pounds, used in the East. 1555 Eden Decades 239 The farazuola (which is xxii. poundes and syxe vnees). 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 1. 273 Which barre .. is 20 frasoli, and euery frasoll is 10 manas. 1698 Fryer Ace. E. Ind. 4- P. 211 The Weights by which they are bought, are Baharrs and Frasslees; each Baharr 20 Frasslees, each Frasslee 12/. 1866 Livingstone Last Jrnls. (1873) I- ix- 22 8 An old man .. had once carried five frasilahs ( = 175 lbs.) of ivory. + Frask. Obs. [ad. Fr .frasqne, of same mean¬ ing.] A trick. 1524 St. Papers Hen. VIII, VI. 328 He shall finde the same but fraskes, cawtelles, and subtelties. 1542 Paget Ibid. IX. 49 We knowe your fraskes wel ynough. Frass (fraes). [a. Ger. frasz , f. root of fressen ( = Fret) to devour.] The excrement of larvae; also, the refuse left behind by boring insects. 1854 H. F. Stainton Entomol. Comp. (ed. 2), The half- eaten leaves attest but too surely that some devourer is near. These indications of the presence of a larva are expressed in the German language by the single word ‘frass*, and we may, without impropriety, use the same word for the purpose of expressing the immediate effect of the larva’s jaws, and the more indirect effect of the excre- mentitious matter ejected by the larva. 1860 E. Adams in . Trans. Philol. Soc. 91 Frass, the rejectamenta found at the FRATCH. 515 FRATRICIDE entrance of the burrows of wood-boring insects. 18.. Board oj Agric. Leaflet No. 30. 1 If such apples are split in halves a passage can be seen leading to the ovaries or pip-centres, around which there is usually a mass of ‘ frass’. Frass, obs. form of Ferash. Fratch (frsetj), v. Now chiefly dial. [? ono¬ matopoeic.] + 1. intr. To make a harsh or strident noise; to creak. Obs. c 1440 Promp. Pant. 76/1 Cherkyn, or chorkyn, or fracchyn, as newe cartys or plowys, strideo. 2. To disagree, quarrel, scold. 1714 D’chess Marlborough in Madresfield Lett. (1875) 00, I am intirely of your Mind, that it is not the D. of Mark’s businesse to fratch. 1764 T. Brydges Homer Travest. (1797)11. 54 While thus they fratch'd, the Greeks were getting Just finish’d, as the sun was setting. 1802 R. Anderson Cumberld. Ball. (1805) 44 But let them fratch on. 1863 Mrs. Toogood Yorksh. Dial., Joseph and his brethren got together fratching, and they put him in a pit. 1868 Holme Lee B. Godfrey xiii. 72 Mr. Godfrey and father can talk together for hours without fratching. Hence Tratched ppl. a. In quot. transf of a horse: Restive, vicious; rratching vbl. sb., a scolding ; Travelling ppl. a . (also Pra tcheotis, Fratchety, FraVchy adjs.), that scolds, quarrel¬ some. Also Fratch. sb., a disagreement, quarrel; Fra’tcher, one who quarrels, a scold. <71746 J. Collier (T. Bobbin) View Lane. Dial. Wks. (1862) 52 They’d’n some o’ the warst fratchingst company as eer I saigh. 1764 T. Brydges Homer Travest. (1797) II. 119 Juno, that fratching quean, pretended Her sense of smelling was offended. 1802 R. Anderson Cumberld. Ball. (1805) 23, I mun heame. Or I’s git a deuce of a fratchin. 1803 Ibid. 64 He .. aye crack'd his thoums for a bit of a fratch. 1807 J. Stagg Poems 6 Blackan o’ Warton, he was there. .An’ fratcheous Gweordy Barns. 1847 Halliw., Fratched, restive.vicious, applied to a horse. Ibid.,Fratcher, a scold; one who brags much. North. 1854 Dickens Hard T. 11. iv, ‘ I ha’ never had no fratch afore sin ever I were born wi’ any o’ my like.’ 1875 Waugh Tufts Heather , Old Cronies vii. Wks. 1881 IV. 285 Come, come, lads; let’s ha’ no fratchin’! 1875 Whitby Gloss, s.v., ‘ A fratchy body’. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Fratchety , peevish, irritable. II Frate (fra/te). PI. frati (fratz). [It.; lit. 1 brother ’.] A friar. 1722 Richardson Statues in Italy 329 A Fine Madonna of the Frate (Fra Bartolomeo is always so call'd). 1823 Lady Morgan Salvator Rosa ii. 48 The rules of the rigid Chartreux oblige the prior and procuratore to flagellate all the frati, or lay brothers. 1875 H. James R. Hudson viii. 288 The frate crossed himself, opened his book, and wandered away. 1889 A themeum 27 July 125/3 Every quarter had its child-counsellors..—all children, vigilant, eager, irrespon¬ sible instruments of the frate [Savonarola]. Frater 1 (fr^’tgi). Obs . exc. Hist. Forms: 3 freitore, 4 freitur, -our, 4-5 freytour, frature, 4- 6 frai-, frayt-our, (5 freytowre, 6 fratour), 5- 7 frayter, (5-6 frai-, fraytre, 6 fratre, fratter, froyter), 5- frater. [a. OF. fraitur, short for refreitor, repr. med.L. refectorium Re¬ fectory.] The eating or refreshment room of a monastery; a refectory. c 1290 A*. Eng. Leg. I. 286/282 Seint Domenic axede of he freitore : 3wat is hi dede here, c 1325 Poem Times Rdw. II, 171 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 331 He shal into the freitur and ben i-mad ful glad, c 1420 Citron. Vilod. 995 And after in to he fraytre h° come he. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iv. xxxii. (1869) 193 per was her inne cloystre and dortour, chirche chapitre and freytour. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 241/2 There cam two yong men of y* same habite and forme whiche entrid in to y e refectory or fraitour. 1556 Citron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 34 The church was shott in from monday unto thursday, and the servys and masse sayd and songe in the fratter. 1556 Withals Diet. 64 A fraiter or place to eate meate in, refectorium. 1883 Athenseum 24 Feb. 255/1 At Westminster, .only the frater and the chapel of the infirmary have been formally dismantled. b. attrib . and Comb., as frater-wall \ frater- house = FRATRY 1. 1546 in W. H. Turner Select . Rec. Oxford 183 For takyng downe of the roof of y e fraterhowse of Abynton. 1546 Bale Eng. Votaries 1. (1550) 69 b, A roode there was upon the frayter wall in the monastery. 1844 F. A. Paley Church Restorers 25 Not less than one hundred brethren dined at once in this noble frater house. Hence t Fraterer, the monk who has charge of the refectory. Also in fern, form and sense. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iv. xlv. (1869) 197 She that hath he gorgiere is ladi and freytoureere [F. refecturiere]. 1483 Cat/i. Angl. 141/2 Frayturer, refectorariits. || Frater 1 (fi* l, t 9 i). [L. frater brother.] + 1. A friar. Obs. 1585 T. Washington tr. NicJtolay's Voy. n. xi. 46 The sayd Frater hadde brought with him a great bottle. 1639 Ld. G. Digby Lett. Relig. (1651) 78 As well furnished .. as you may imagine some good Fraters closet in Spain .. is with the works of Calvin, or Luther. t 2. Cant. (See quots.) Obs. 1561 Awdelay Frat. Vacab. 4 A Frater goeth wyth a like Lisence to beg for some Spittlehouse or Hospital. 1622 Fletcher Beggars Bush 11. i, And these, what name or title e’er they bear, Frater, or abram-man. 1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 77 Fraters are such, who with a Counterfeit Patent, beg for some Hospital or Spittle-house. 3. A brother, comrade. Also attrib. 1794 Burns Bard's Epitaph ii, Is there a Bard of rustic song, Who, noteless, steals the crowds among, O, pass not by ! But, with a frater-feeling strong, Here, heave a sigh. 18.. Blackie Death Columbafl!>, I am come to bless my people, Faithful fraters, ere I die. Fraternal (fraternal), a. [f. L. frdtern-us (f. frater brother) + -al. Cf. F. fraternel.’] Of or pertaining to brothers or a brother; character¬ istic of a brother, brotherly. 1494 Fabyan Chroit. v. cxvi. 90 His vncle Chilperich bare towarde the sayd Guthranus not very fraternall loue. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 170 Y c prayer that fraternall charite or brotherly loue commendeth before god. 1656 Cowley Pindar. Odes Olympique Ode v, Those kind pious glories do deface The old Fraternal quarrel of thy Race. 1738 Glover Leonidas 1. 247 Sorrows, which fraternal love in vain Hath strove to soothe. 1850 Kingsley Alt. Locke xxxix, The great new world—new Church I should have said—of enfranchised and fraternal labour. 1874 L. Stephen Hours in Library (1892) II. i. 8 More than one modern writer has expressed a fraternal affection for Addison. Hence Frate rnally adv., in a fraternal manner. 1611 Cotgr., Fraternellement, fraternally, brotherly. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. 1812 Examiner 4 May 284/2 So fraternally gigantick were his imagination and his intellect. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets xii. 412 Children of the earth, .the Greeks loved all fair and fresh things of the open world fraternally. 1882 Sir R. Temple Men Women of My Time ii. 19 The sitting Director, .entreated us..to think kindly, even fraternally, regarding the Natives of India. Praternalism (fratsunaliz’m). rare. [f. prec. + -ism.] The state or condition of being fraternal. 1893 in J. H. Barrows Pari. Relig. II. 1548 Having pro¬ claimed our fraternalism from this national housetop. t FraternaTity. Obs. rare ~ °. [f. as prec. + -ity.] (See quot.) I 7 2 7“3^ Bailey, Fraiernality , brotherhood; brotherliness, brotherly Affection. Fraternate, v. US. rare- 0 . [{. L. frdtern- us (see Fraternal) + -ate.] To fraternize. 1846 in Worcester (citing Jefferson) ; and in mod. Diets. Fraternation. US. rare ~ °. [f. prec.: see -ATION.] Fraternization. 1846 in Worcester (citing Jefferson) ; and in mod. Diets. f Fraterne, CL. Obs. rare— 1 , [a. OF .fraterne, ad. L. frdtern-us, f. frater brother.] Fraternal. c 1470 Harding Chroit. lxxxviu. viii, Austyn .. prayed .. Of fraterne loue and due obedience, To helpe hym furth. Fra ternism. US. rare ~ °. [f. L. frdtern-us + -ism.] Fraternization. 1846 in Worcester (citing Jefferson); and in mod. Diets. Fraternity (fratQ’initi). [a. OF. fraternity, ad. L. fraternitdt-em , f. frat emus pertaining to a brother: see Fraternal and -ity.] 1 . The relation of a brother or of brothers; bro¬ therhood. 139° Gower Conf. II. 186 In the virgine, where he [the godhede] nome Oure flesshe and verray man become Of bodely fraternite. 1582 Bentley Mon. Matrones ii. 22 O my brother what fraternitie 1 O my child what delectation! 1659 Pearson Creed (1839) 4° 1 ^ sons, we must be brethren to the only-begotten : but being he came not to do his own will, but the will of him that sent him, he acknowledgeth no fraternity but with such as do the same. 1669 Gale Crt. Gentiles 1. 1. ii. 12 A Phenician Fable touching the Fraternitie of al men made out of the Earth. 2 . The state or quality of being fraternal or bro¬ therly ; brotherliness. 1470-85 Malory Arthur xvi. iii, Therfor was the round table founden and the Chyualry hath ben at alle tymes soo by the fraternyte whiche was there that she myght not be ouercomen. 1598-9 E. Forde Parisians 1. vi. (1636) 34 Those Out-lawes.. continued a great fraternity amongst them. 1605 Bacon Adv.Learn. 11. To the King § 13 There cannot but be a fraternitie in learning and illumination relating to that Paternitie which is attributed to God. 1793 Burke Conduct of Minority § 35 To substitute the principles of fraternity in the room of that salutary prejudice called our Country. 1844 Thirlwall Greece VIII. 255 It was a treaty of friend¬ ship, fraternity, and alliance. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 106 Equality and fraternity of governors and governed. t 3 . A family of brothers. Obs. rare, a 1635 Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 23 When there is an ample fraternity of the bloud Royall, and of the Princes of the Bloud. Ibid. 40 Between these two Families, there was..no great correspondence .. there was a time when (both these Fraternities being met at Court) there passed a challenge between them. 4 . A body or order of men organized for religious or devout purposes. Letters of fraternity: letters granted by a convent or an order to its benefactors entitling those named in them to a share in the benefits of its prayers and good works. c 1330 R. Brunne Citron. (1810) 188 With [bam] were b e templers, & \>er fraternite. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. viii. 179 Thauh thou be founden in fraternite a-mong the foure ordres. c 1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 12 }if bei maken wyues and ober wymmen hure sustris bi lettris of fraternite. 1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 29 Why be ye so hardie to grant by letters of fraternitie to men and women, that they shall have part and merite of all your good deedes? a 1512 Fabyan Will in Chroit. Pref. 5 To the fraternytie of our Lady and seynt Anne, wfin the said church xii d. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxvii. 105 Like unto the fra¬ ternity of mercy among the Papists, which onely out of charity..do tend those that are sick. 1703 Maundrell fount. ferns. (1732) 70 Each Fraternity have their Altars and Sanctuary. 1788 Priestley Lect. Hist. iv. xxv. 193 In each mitred abbey of the order of St. Benedict, some persons of the fraternity were appointed to register the most considerable events. 1851 D. Wilson Preh. Ann. (1863) II. iv. viii. 398 The first recluses and monks who established religious fraternities in Scotland. 5 . A body of men associated by some tie or common interest; a company, guild. c 1386 Chaucer Prol. 364 An Haberdassher and a Car¬ penter .. clothed in o liveree, Of a solempne and greet fraternitee. 1389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 4 Eche broker o|>er suster k fc ben of \>e fraternite .. schal ^eue somwhat in maintenance of k’ bretherhede. 1433 E. E. Wills (1882) 95 The fraternyte of my crafte of cokes. 1483 Caxton Cato 2, I William Caxton..of the fraternyte and felauship of the mercerye. i6ix Cory at Crudities 13 This dooth the fraternity of the shoemakers carry in solemne procession. ai 674 Clarendon Hist. Reb. xv. § 15 Fraternities enter’d into there for the better carrying on that Plantation. 1762 H. Walpole Vertuc's Anecd. Paint. I. iv. 59 Their first charter in which they are styled Peyntours, was granted in the 6th of Edward IV, but they had existed as a fraternity long before. 1851 D. Wilson Preh. Ann. (1863) II. iv. viii. 442 The ancient, .fraternity of Free Masons. 1870 Yeats Techti. Hist. Comm. 358 Scarcely a town of importance .. in Italy was without its fraternity of goldsmiths. attrib. 1671 Evelyn Diary 21 Sept., I din’d in the City, at the fraternity feast in yron-mongers Hall. 6 . A body of men of the same class, occupation, pursuits, etc. 1561 Awdelay {title), The Fraternitye of Vacabondes. 1653 Walton Angler i. 5 Auceps. Why Sir, I pray, of what Fraternity are you, that you are so angry with the poor Otter ! Pise. I am. .a Brother of the Angle. 1686 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. v. (ed. 3) 44 Some ignorant Grooms, .think they are able to give Laws to all their Fraternity. 1712 Henley Sped. No. 396 P2 The Fraternity of the People called Quakers. 1793 Burke Conduct of Minority § 25 The French fraternity in that town. 1838 Murray's Handbk. N. Germany 91 Calais is one of those places where the fraternity of couriers have a station. 1858 Froude Hist. Eng. III. xv. 269 [Henry] was - .ardently anxious to resume hisplace in the fraternity of European sovereigns. Fraternization (fn^tajnaiz^-Jan). fa. F. fraternisation : see Fraternize and -ation.] The action of fraternizing or uniting as brothers, the state or condition of fraternity, fraternal association. 1792 Hist, in Ann. Reg. 2 They, .give the kiss of fraterniza¬ tion to negroes. 1827 Hare Guesses Ser. 1. (1873) 31 The Jacobins, in realizing their system of fraternization, always contrived to be the elder brothers. 1851 L. Mariotti Italy in 1848, 125 Something even approaching to a fraternisa¬ tion ot the people with the dreaded foreign soldiery. transf. 1878 T. Hardy Return of Native 1. i, The ob¬ scurity in the air and the obscurity in the land closed together in a black fraternisation. Fraternize (frae’tainaiz, frus I 16 ls a & fraudful reuar. c 1450 Henryson Fable Dog, ScheipSp Wolfs Ane fraudfull Wolf was juge that time. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xxiv. 39 To pass out of this frawdfull fary. 1602 Warner A lb. Eng. x. lvii. (1612) 251 By forced Warre or fraudfull peace. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. vi. 30 By the fraudful God deluded long, They now resolve to have their promis’d Song. 1725 Pope Odyss. \\. 393 The fraudful horse. C1750 Shenstone Elegies xxiii. 21 The fraudful maid To these lone hills directs his devious way. i860 T. Martin Horace 183 Fraudful Carthage expiring in flame. Hence Fraudfully adv., in a fraudful manner. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints , Baptista 497 Til fraudfully scho gert pe kinge .. assemble hale his barne. c 1470 Henry Wallace xi. 1056 The ayth he maid ; Wallace com in his will; Rycht frawdfully all thus schawyt him till, c 1610 Sir J. Melvil Mem. (1735) 408 The Chancellor. .had left out the Rents of the Abbay of/Dunfermling fraudfully. 1876 Ruskin ForsClavig. VII. lxxiii. 5 In fraudfully writing for the concealment of Fraud. + Frau'ditor. Obs. rare, [badly f. Fraud v., after creditor , etc.] A defrauder, cheat. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 204 You have so many Frauditours. .and so many Deceivers to get up your money, that thei get all to themselves. Fraudless (frg’dles), 0. Now rare. [f. Fraud sb. -1- -less.] Free from fraud. 1580 H. Gifford GillofiowersG&js) io 3> I which saw such perfect shewes Of fraudlesse fayth in you appeare ; 1635 J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Banish'd Virg. 64 With a sincere and fraudlesse intention. 1652 Benlovves TJieoph. xii. xii, I. .Forgetting, and forgotten, run to fraudlesse swains. Hence Fraudlessly adv., Frau dlessness. 1848 in Craig ; and in mod. Diets. + Frau’dsman. nonce-wd. [f. Fraud sb. + Man ; cf. tradesman.] A cheat, a rogue. 1615 T. Adams White Devill 38 You shall not easily dis- cerne. .between a tradesman and a fraudesman. Fraudulence (frg'dizZlens). [a. OF . fraudu- lence , i. frattdtilent: see Fraudulent and -ence.] The quality or fact of being fraudulent. 1610 Healey St. Aug. Citie of God 801 Either by his violence or his fraudulence. a 1716 South Serin. (1737) V. viii. 340 It was without any fraudulence or injustice on their part. 1812 G. Chalmers Dom. Econ. Gt. Brit. 229 Those who .. saw great imprudence, in many, and a little fraudu¬ lence, in some. 1891 Lazv Times XC. 464/2 The Customs entry should beheld to be sufficient to prove the fraudulence of the trademark. Fraudulency (fr§'di«lensi). ? Obs. [f. next: see -ency.] = prec.; also an instance of this. 1630 Lord Banians 86 The merchants grew full of fraudu¬ lency in their dealings. 1659 W. Brough Manual p. iv, To prevent, .all further fraudulencies, He thinks fit to have his Name affixed to it. 1700 S. Sewall Diary 18 Apr. (1879) II. 11, I press’d .. that Capt. Checkley should give Daniel a Deed ; that so this Fraudulency might not remain to be seen. 1792-7 Geddes Crit. Rem. Exod. xii. 2 (R. Suppl.) The Egyptians were guilty of inexcusable fraudulency. nonce-use. 1857 Sat. Rev. III. 272/1 His Fraudulency Mr. Redpath was visited by the Turnkey this morning. Fraudulent (frp'dittlent), a. Also 5-6 -elent. [a. OF v fraudulent, ad. L. fraudulent-us, f. fraud -: see Fraud sb. and -ulent.] 1 . Guilty of or addicted to fraud; that wrongs another person by false representations; cheating, deceitful, dishonest. c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems 197 Dispoosid of kynde for to be fraudulent 1474 Caxton Chcsse 96 He that had be a theef fraudelent was maad afterward a trewe procurour. 1509 Bar¬ clay Shyp of Folys (1874) II. 91 Agayne is the seruaunt fals and fraudelent. a 1631 Donne in Select. (1840) 204 Is God so likely to concur with the fraudulent, the deceitful man, as with the laborious, and religious? 1796 Bp. Watson Apol. Bible 304 Productions .. which were imposed on the world by fraudulent men as the writings of the holy apostles. 1833 Ht. Martineau Berkeley the Banker 1. viii, Fraudulent or careless issuers of convertible paper. 1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy-bk. Prop. Lazv xxi. 163 Parliament has made fraudulent trustees answerable criminally for their acts. J* b. Of an animal: Crafty, deceitful. Obs. 1608 Topsell Serpents (1658) 676 A Chamseleon is a fraudulent, ravening and gluttonous Beast. 2 . Characterized by, or of the nature of, fraud ; serving the purpose of, or accomplished by means of, fraud. 1412-20 Lydg. Chron. Troy\. iii, He nought aduertith the menyng fraudulent, c 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 2923 Abner of Joab was slayne be fraudulent dissymuiling. 1529 More Supplic. Soulys Wks. 328/2 Their entent is fraudulent and false. 1571 Act 13 Eliz. c. 5 Such guylefull covenous or frau¬ dulent Devyses and Practyses. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. iv. 15 Fraudulent deductions, or inconsequent illations. 1771 Junius Lett. Ii. 262, I cannot .. commend him for making patriotism a trade, and a fraudulent trade. 1833 J. Holland Manuf. Metal II. 288 The detection of a fraudulent balance. 1891 Lazv Times XC. 460/2 Induced by a fraudulent prospectus to make contracts whereby he was damnified. 1893 Sir J. W. Chitty in Lazv Times Rep. LXVIII. 429/1 The case set up is one .. of fraudulent misrepresentation. + 3 . Path. (After fraudulentus in the L. transl. of Avicenna). Deceptive. Obs. 1541 R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. T j. The woundes are somtyme composed with vnnatural mater.. somtyme vyrulent fraudelent venymous fylthynes [cum vlceiibus sordidis putrefactis Sp fraudulentis). 1588 J. Read Compend. Method 101 This auaileth .. to all can- crouse and fradulent [«V] vlcers of the legges. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 30 These are i^evSoTrr/ev/uara, Bastard, or as Auicen termeth them Fraudulent spirits. FRAUDULENTLY. FRAY. f 4 . used as sb. A fraudulent bankrupt. Ohs. 1796 Mod. Gulliver's Trav. 151 A scene where fraudulents may learn to thrive. Frau dulently, adv. [f. prec. + -ly 2.] J n a fraudulent manner, by fraud, with intent to de¬ fraud or deceive, dishonestly, wrongfully. 1474 Caxton Chesse 120 Dyuerce offycers accuse the good peple fraudulently. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccxxxv. 330 The kyng my husbande..is taken fraudelently. 1631 Gouge God's Arrows 11. vii. T42 What is violently or fraudulently gotten wilbe lavishly spent. 1786 Burke IF. Hastings lit. ii. §0 The correspondence concerning which the said Hastings hath fraudulently suppressed. 1858 Ld. St. Leonards / 1 andy-bk. Prop. Law v. 27 The statement must be made fraudulently, that is, with an intention to deceive. 1887 Times 26 Aug. 8/6 Deserters and fraudu¬ lently enlisted men who have received..a free pardon. Fraudulentness (frg'dmlentnes). rare. [f. as prec. + -ness.] The quality of being fraudulent. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. Fraught (frgt), sb. Obs. exc. Sc. Forms: (? 4 frauli[t]), 4-5 fraujte, Sc. frawcht, 5-6 Sc. fraueht, (5, 7 fraght), 5- fraught, fprob. a. MDu. or MLG. vracht (also vrechl : see Freight sb.) freight, cargo, charge for transport; commonly identified with OHG. freht str. fern., earnings:— OTeut. *fra-aihti-z, f. *fra-, For- prefS + *aihti- ( = OE. xht acquisition, property : see Aught), f. root aig -: see Owe, Own. The irregular vocalism of the Du. word is supposed to point to adoption from Frisian. From Du. or Fris. the word has passed into all Teut. langs., Ger . fracht, Da. fragt, Sw. frakt ; the parallel form vrecht has given rise to the Rom. forms: see Fheight.] + 1 . The hire of a boat for the transportation of a freight or cargo; the money paid for this ; the carriage or transportation of goods, usually by water: = Freight sb. i. Obs. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Egipciane 482 Sad he: * 3a, gyf bou has macht to pay Jiame pi schip fraueht.’ ‘ frawcht haf I nane, bruthyr der.’ < 1440 Gesta Rom. xxiv. 90 (Hark MS.) My fader had not to pay to the maister of the ship for the fraught. 1443 in Willis and Clark Cambridge (1886) I. 388 For fraught of.. iij tonne fro London vn to the College at xvj d. the tonne. 1335 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 343 In mid water at thame he askit fraueht. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus 11. 684, I knew not.gif he payit fraueht or fie. 1653 Gurnall Chr. in Arm. xxii. § 1 (1669) 311/1 This is as if the Mariners .. should fill the ship, and leave no stowage for his goods that pays the fraught. 1662 Ann Keith in J. Russell Haigs (1881) 472 For his fraght be sea, 1 or. fig. 1637 Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. 215 Our souls, .are safe over the frith, Christ having paid the fraught. Proverb. 1721 Kelly Scot. Prov. 318 ‘ Tarry Breeks pays no fraught; ’ .. People of a Trade assist one another mutually. f 2 . The cargo or lading of a ship : = Freight sb. 2. Obs. J 33o R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 74 Sir Adinoth J?ei slouh, & alle hei mot hent. Whan J>ei had frauh [tread frauht] inouh, ageyn tille Ireland went.] a 1400 Sir Bettes 507 (MS. E) Marchaundes ]>ai fonde wondyr fale And solde hym for mechel frau^te [MS. A. au3te]. c 1400 Destr. Troy 5384 pan fild J?ai with fraght all pere fuerse shippes. c 1470 Harding Chron. chi. viii, He had not to his fraught, But fewe persones .. vnslayne. c 1592 Marlowe Jew of Malta 1. i, Bid the merchants and my men despatch, And come ashore, and see the fraught discharg’d. 1624 Capt. Smith Virginia in. iv. 54 The fraught of this Ship being concluded to be Cedar.. she was quickly reladed. 1685 Dryden Thren. August, xiii, The Bark. .Charg’d with thy Self and James, a doubly Royal fraught. fig. c 1430 Hymns Virg. 76 Ful of synne is my secke; To pe preest y wole schewe pat frau3te, mi schip is chargid. 1642 Milton Apol. Smect. (1851)266 To reade good Authors, .till the afternoone be weary, or memory have his full fraught. 1671 — Samson 1075 His habit carries peace, his brow defiance.. His fraught we soon shall know, he now arrives. 3 . transf. A burden, load ; also fig. A fraught of water : ‘two pailfuls 1 (Jam.). Obs. exc. Sc. c 1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 137 As me semyth as be here fraught, ‘ ffayr chylde, lullay ’ sone must she syng. 1598 Florio, Soma .. a fraught or charge that a beast doth carie. 1614 C. Brooke Ghost Rich. Ilf xii, Shee long’d to see, Her burth’nous fraught; at last she brought forth me. 1640 G. Sandys Christ's Passion iv. 343 The Crosses now discharged of their fraught, The People fled. 1773 J. Ross Fratricide (MS.) 11. 315 Having disburden’d of its fraught his breast. 1775 Pratt Liberal Opin. (1783) I. 41 All load this bosom with a fraught, so sore, scarce can I cater for the daily food, a 1810 Tannahill Coggie Poems (1846) 141 Then, O revere the coggie, sirs !.. It warsels care, it fights life’s fraughts. 1891 Barrie Little Minister III. 21 To carry a fraught of water to the manse. 4 . Comb., as fraught money ; fraught-free adj. 1570 Levins Manip. 10/34 Fraught money, naulum. 1637 Rutherford Let. 17 Sept. (1891) 516 To blow our poor tossed bark over the water fraught-free. Fraught (frgt), v. Obs. exc. in pa. pple.: see next. Forms : 5 fraght, 5-7 Sc. fraueht, 6- fraught. Pa. t. and pa. pple. 6-7 fraught, fraughted. [f. prec. sb.; cf. MDu. vrachlen, Ger. frachten, Da. fragte, S w.fraktal] + L trans. To load (a ship) with cargo: = Freight v. i. Obs. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) v. 13 pai wende gladly to Cipre to fraght Jrer schippes with salt. 1577-87 Holinshed Chron. 1 . 30 /1 Cesar was constreined to fraught those [ships] that he could §et with a greater burden. 1633 T. Stafford Pac. Hib. 11. ii. (1810) 232 Hee provided a Barke, which hee fraught with Hides. 1670 R. Coke Disc. Trade 30 If we.. 517 Fraught any Strangers Ship for any of the Trades, it is forfeit with all her Goods. + b. transf. and fig. Obs. 1611 Shaks. Cytnb. i. i. 126 If after this command thou fraught the Court With thy vnworthinesse, thou dyest. 1612 Selden Drayton's Polyolb. v. 265 note, His wife had.. fraughted her selfe with a yong one. 1637 Suckling Aglaura 1. i, I have so fraught this Barke with hope, that it Dare venture now in any storme or weather. f c. To hire (a vessel) for the carriage of goods or passengers. Sc. Obs. 1488 Sc. Acts fas. IV (1814) II. 209/1 And pat naine of oure souerane lordis liegis tak schippis to fraueht vnder colour to defraud oure souerane lord. 1568 Satir. Poems Reform, xlvi. 62 Scho [my pynnege] will ressaif na landwart Jok, Thocht he wald frawcht hir fora croun. t 2 . To carry or convey as freight: = Freight v. 2. Sc. Obs. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. xviii. 228 Quha evyr for his frawcht wald be For caus frawchtyd owre pat se. 1568 Satir. Poems Reform, xlvi. 38 Bot, quhair scho findis a fallow fyne, He wilbe frawcht fre for a souss. 1581 Sc. Act fas. VI, c. 120(1597) 54 That nane of them conduct, fraueht, nor pilot onie stranger, to the said lies. 3 . To store, supply, furnish with (a stock of) ; to equip. Obs. exc. arch. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. lxxiii. 25 Counterfet Gods with which the comon errour or foly of y° world fraughteth heaven. 1578 T. P. Gorgious Gallery Gallant Invent., With phrases fine they fraught This peereles peece. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. iv. § 59 His new Parke at Wood- stocke, which he had fraught with all kinde of strange beasts. 1645 Bp. Hall Remedy Discontents 61 When his better earnings have fraught his trencher with a warm, and pleasing morsell. 1878 Masque Poets 27 All these vessels With deadliest poisons had been fraught. + b. with a person as object. Obs. X570 Dee Math. Pref. 11 With what feats and Artes, he began to furnish and fraught him selfe. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Descr. Eng. Poet7y Wks. 11. 247/2 ,1 haue. .found such obseruations as are fit, With plenitude to fraught a barren wit. a 1661 Fuller I Vo rt hies (1840) I. 313 So king Henry full fraught all those with wealth and rewards, whom he retained in that employment. Hence Frau-ghting vbl. sb. ; Frau’ghting ppl. a ., that forms a freight or cargo. 1598 Florio, Porto , the cariage, bringing, or fraughting of any thing. 1610 Shaks. Temp. 1. ii. 12 The good Ship, .and The fraughting Soules within her. Fraught (frpt), pple. and ppl. a .; also fraughted. Forms: a. 4 frauht, 5 fraght, (frawth, 7 frought), 4- fraught. ( 3 . 6-8 fraughted. [pa. pple. of Fraught vJ] 1 . Of a vessel: Laden. Also full fraught. a. 13.. Coer de L. 2459 The drowmound was so hevy fraught That unethe myght it saylen aught, i486 Bk. St. Albans Lj, A shippe fraght full of hawkis. c 1572 Gas¬ coigne Fruites Wa7~re evii. Wks. (1587) 136 The ships retire wyth riches full yfraught. 1666 Lond. Gaz. No. 106/1 Smaller Vessels that lay fraught for the Streights. 1756 Foote Eng. Fr. Paris Prol., Our fleets come fraught with every folly home. 1827 Macaulay Misc. Poems (i860) 398 His painted bark of cane Fraught for some proud bazaar’s arcades. 0 . 1563 Sackville Induct. Mirr. Mag. lxxi, And furth we launch ful fraughted to the brinke. 1623 Bingham Xenophon 113 In the meane time came a Ship from Heraclea fraughted with Barley-meale. 1668 Lond. Gaz . No. 261/2 The ships are said to be richly fraughted. 2 . transf. Stored, supplied, furnished, filled, equipped with. a. 1570-6 Lambarde Peramb. Ke7it (1826) 313 This River ..was fraught with these strong and serviceable ships. I 59 S Spenser Hymn Heavenly Beauty xxxii, That all the world shold with his rimes be fraught! 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, i.iv. § 10The writings of Plinius. .being fraught with much fabulous matter. 1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 137 The Scarborough and Malton water are better fraught and more richly laden with its Minerals. 1671 Milton P. R. hi. 336 And Waggons fraught with Utensils of War. 1786 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 7 Nov., The little princess had excited her curiosity by the full-fraught pincushion. 1801 Southey Thalabav. iii, A desert Pelican, .now, return'd from distant flight, Fraught with the river-stream, Her load of water had disburden'd there. 1812 Crabbe Tales, Pro¬ crastination 175 A silver urn with curious work was fraught. ( 3 . 1574 tr. Marlo7‘at's Apocalips 32 In these dayes, when the worlde is fraughted with so manye varlettes. 1612 Brinsley Lud. Lit. 176 For this matter of Theames it is fraughted full of the graue testimonies. 1651 Raleigh's Ghost 165 All the books of the Prophets are even fraughted and stored with such predictions. b. of a person or his attributes. a. ? 14. . Cast. Persevera7icc 94 in Eng. Miracle Plays (1890) 67 With ryche rentes thou schalt be frawth. c 1530 H. Rhodes Bk. Nurture 312 in Babees Bk. (1868) 90 Or thou must take it [payne] in thy age, or be fraught full of vyce. 1605 Shaks. Lear 1. iv. 241, I would you would make vse of your good wisedome (Whereof I know you are fraught). 1704 Swift Mech. Oper at. Spirit, A large Memory, plenti¬ fully fraught with Theological Polysyllables. 1803 S. Pegge Anecd. E}ig. Lang. 86 [He] returned to Oxford full fraught with Greek. / 3 . a 1541 Wyatt Poet. Wks. (1861) 148 My heart above the brink is fraughted full of pain. 1586 J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinshed II. 145/1 The said lawiers .. thought themselues so well fraughted with knowledge in the laws. 1647 A. Ross Myst. Poet. xiv. (1675) 367 Such a father is fraughted with more griefs than Pandora's box was with mischiefs. 1798 Missiona7y Mag. No. 24. 224 From these retreats, he often returned fraughted with light. 3 . fig. Fraught with : a. attended with, carrying with it as an attribute, accompaniment, etc.; b. 1 big ’ with the promise or menace of; destined to produce. a. 1576 Fleming Petnopl. Epist. 178 Such thinges as bee intricate and fraught with difficulties. 1650T. B. Worcester’s Apoph. 89 It would in charity (with which it was so fully fraught) do no less. 1755 Young Centaur vi. Wks. 1757 IV. 280 Liberty, fraught with blessings as it is, when unabused, has, perhaps, been abused to our destruction. 1840 H. Ainsworth Tower of Lond a 1864) 70 This measure, which, by your own admission, is fraught with danger. 1869 Lecky Europ. Mor. I. i. 148 Every event is therefore fraught with a moral import. 0. 1578 Chr. Prayers in Priv. Prayers (1851) 485 This life of ours is fraughted with adversities. 1643 Wither Campo Muss 7 Those tedious Declarations, Which with more Wit then Truth, full fraughted came. Fraughtage (frg-tedg). arch. [f. Fraught v. + -AGE.] + 1 . = Freightage i. Obs. 1442 in Willis and Clark Ca7nbridge (1886) I. 386 For fraughtageof x tonne, .fro London vn to y" College at xvj d. the tonne. 2 . = Freightage 2. Obs. exc. arch. 1590. Shaks. Com. Err. iv. i. 87 Our fraughtage sir, I haue conuei’d aboord. 1670 Milton Hist. E7ig. 11. Wks. (1851) 38 Broader likewise they were made, for the better trans¬ porting of Horses, and all other fraughtage. 1817 Blackw. Mag. I. 153 Deep-loaded to the wale with fraughtage rich. 1882 Swinburne Tristram of Lyonesse 154 But as a mer¬ chant’s laden be the bark With royal ware for fraughtage. fig. 1615 Jackson Creed iv. in. vii. §6 Now where the fraughtage, or furniture of life is precious. 13 . The process of lading a vessel. Obs. 1683 Brit. Spec. 84 Csesar .. ordering them [the Ships] to be low-built for the easier Fraughtage, and better haling ashore. t Frairghtsman. Sc. Obs. In 5 frauchtis- man. [f. fraught's, genitive of Fraught sb. + Man.] A freighter. 1487 Sc. Acts fas. Ill (1814) II. 178/2 And this to be serchit be J?e officiaris of J?e burgh, and the heid frauchtis- men of |>e schip. II Fraulein (froi*bin). [Ger.; dim. of Frau lady, ‘ Mrs’.] A young lady, ‘ miss’. Often ap¬ plied in England to German governesses. a 1689 Etheredge Poems Wks. (1888) 378 Now sparklin.g in the Fraulein's hair. 1883 Miss Braddon Golde7i Caf \, The placid voice of the Fraulein demonstrating to Miss Mullins that, .ten words out of every twenty were wrong. Fraunch, fraunge : see Franch v. Fra ward, -wart, obs. and Sc. f. Froward a. Frawil (frpn). Also 8 fraghan, 9 frauchan, frughan. [a. Ir. fraochanl\ The Irish popular name of the Bilberry. 1726 Threlkeld Sy7ioPsis Stirp. Hiber7i ., Vacchiia 7iigra vulgaria. .They grow in wet boggy Ground., the poor Women gather them in Autumn and cry them about the streets of Dublin by the Name of Fraghan. 1859 W. S. Coleman Woodlands (1862) Q2 By the Irish they [Bilberries] are called ‘ Frawns’. 1878 Britten & Holland Plant-71. s.v., Frughans, Vaccinium Myrtillus. .The old Irish name. f Fraxate, v. Obs.— 0 [f. L .fraxare, * vigiliam circuire ’ (Festus) : see -ate.] (See quot.) 1623 Cockeram, Fraxate, to goe view the watch. Fr axe tin (frse'ksetin). Chem . A substance obtained along with glucose by digesting fraxin with dilute sulphuric acid. 1864 iu Watts Diet. Chem. 1889 Watts' Diet. Chem., Fraxetin C10 Hs O5. .occurring in horse-chestnut bark. Fraxin (fne*ksin). Chem. [f. ’L.fraxifnus) ash + -in.] (See quot.) 1864 in Watts Diet. Chem. 1889 Watts' Diet. Chem., Fraxin Cir, His Oio- -A substance occurring in the bark of the common ash, and also, together with aesculin, in the bark of the horse-chestnut. FraxineTla. Also 7-8 fraxinel(l. [mod.Lat., dim. of L. fraxinus ash. Cf. F. fraxinelle.~\ A name for cultivated species of dittany, csp. Dic- tamnus Fraxinella . 1664 Evelyn Kal. Ho7't. (1729) 205 May .. Flowers in Prime or yet lasting.. Digitalis, Fraxinella. 1688 R. Holme Atvnoury 11. 100 Solomons Seal, of some called St. Johns Seal..or Fraxinell. 1712 tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 41 White Dittany or Fraxinella. 1824 Miss Mitford Village Ser. 1. (1863) 122 Old-fashioned durable flowers, jessamine, honeysuckle, and the high-scented fraxinella. attrib. 1892 Symonds in Pall MallG. 15 Aug. 3/1 Amidst the fraxinella bushes and the chestnut copse. Fray (fr£i), sb . 1 Also 6 frai(e, 7 frey. [aphetic f. Affray, Effray. Cf. Fray v. 1 ] 1 . A feeling of fear ; alarm, fright, terror. Also in phrase to take a or the fray. Cf. Affray sb. 2. Obs. exc. Sc. c 1340 Cursor M. 4775 (Trin.) Whenne iacob was moost in fray God him coumfortide. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. xxix. (Tollem. MS.), It [the stone Crisolitus] .. helpej? ny^te frayes and dredes. 1432-50 tr. Higde7i (Rolls) I. 243 That theire hertes scholde not be in fray or feere to beholde bloode. 1513 Douglas AZneis xi. xii. 51 A 1 suddanly the Latynis tuke ane fray .. and fled away. 1559-66 Hist. Estate Scot, in Wodr. Soc. Misc. (1844) 61 The Friers take- ing the fray—begane to dispose the best of their goods. a 1649 Drumm. of Hawth. Sonn. viii, Nor shepherd hastes (when frays of wolves arise) So fast to fold. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 1.148 Thus that Fray was over, and we came ashore again: recovered of the fright we had been in. 1819 W. Tennant Papistry StornCd (1827) 157 Whan the hail Helles¬ pont reboundit And ky on Ida's taps confoundit Ran down the hills for fray. f 2 . An assault, attack. Cf. Affray sb. i. Obs. c 1430 Hymns Virg. 14 Thou woldist bleede for mannis nede, And suffre manye a feerdful fray. 1432-30 tr. Higden (Rolls) II. 95 Hamfare, Jiat is, a fray made in an FRAY. 518 FRAYNE. howse. c 1575 Durham Depos. (Surtees) 300 After that Crampton had maid a fraye of the said Martyn, one Robert Johnson cauld for the constable, to carry them to the stoks. 3 . A disturbance, esp. one caused by fighting; a noisy quarrel, a brawl ; a fight, skirmish, conflict. [1382 Durh. Halm. Rolls (Surtees) 171 De quodam fray in campo de Walleshond per homines de Tynnemouth ad effusionem sanguinis.] c 1420 Chron. Vilod. 105 And all \>e lad yes.. Of J>is grete fraye [>e wheche J?ye sie and herden, weren Sore agast. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xvi. 16 There began a great fraye bitwene some of the gromes and pages of the strangers, and of the archers of Inglande. 1609 Rowlands Knaue op Clubbes 3 Fleete-street fraies, when Prentices With Clubs did knocke thee downe. 1698 Fryer E. India 4 P. 46 The Vice-Admiral .. left not off till Night parted the Fray. 1799 Nelson 12 Sept, in Nicolas Disp. IV. 11 The Turks are returned to Constantinople having had a fray with the Sicilians. 1839 Thirlwall Greece VI. 157 He immediately charged into the thickest of the fray. 1878 Bayne Purit. Rev. iv. 126 They were always eager for the fray. Proverb, a 1631 Donne Serm. xl. (Alford) 306 The first blow makes the Wrong, but the second makes the Fray. 1676 Hale Contempl. 1. 242 It is a true Proverb, It is the second blow makes the fray. b. transf. (esp. ‘ a war of words ’). 1702 C. Mather Magn. Chr . in. 11. i. (1852) 356 That fray between that Bishop, and Laud, the Bishop of London. 1851 Bright Sp. Eccles. Titles Bill 12 May, The noble Lord . .commenced the fray by his celebrated letter. 1884 Rita Vivienne 11. iv, I’ll wait and see you adorned for the fray. + c. A din, noise, stir. Obs. ‘la 1550 Dunbar's Poems (S. T. S.) Freiris of Berio ik 197 }one is Symone that makis all this fray. 1573 Tusser Husb. lxxvii. (1878) 168 Where window is open, cat maketh a fray. 1632 Lithgovv Trav. x. 468 The Toune was in Armes, the Bells ringing .. people shouting, and Drummes beating. .1 asked him what the fray was? 14 . To stand at fray : to ‘ show fight \ Obs. 1727 Bradley Fam. Diet. s.v. Badger-hunting, If the Hounds.. undertake the Chase before he Earths, he will then stand at fray, like a Bear, and make most incomparable Sport. 5 . Comb., as fray-maker, -making. 1532 Act 5 <$• 6 Edw. VI, c. 4 § 3 They may be known as *Fray-makers and Fighters. 1643 Prynne Sov. Power Pari. iv. 28 Constables may by the Law .. imprison peace- breakers, fray-makers, riotors, and others. 1884 A. Griffiths Chron. Nevugate I. vi. 233 Any church brawler .. might be branded with the letter F, as a fraymaker and fighter. a i553.Udall Royster D. 1. i. (Arb.) 12 All the day long is he facing. and craking Of his great actes in fighting and *fraymaking. b. Special comb., as + fray-bell, an alarm-bell formerly sounded on the occasion of a tumult. Also (perh. f. the verb-stem); f fray-boggard, a scarecrow; fray-bug, an object of fear; a bogy, spectre (whence fray-bug v b. trails., to scare as with a fray-bug; to terrify). 1864 J. Raine Priory of Hexham I. p. cxxiv, The common-bell beginning to peal; and then the great ^fray- bell of the.monastery boomed in answer. 1535 Coverdale Baruch vi. 69 Like as a *frayboggarde in a garden off Cucumbers kepeth nothinge, euen so are their goddes of wod, of syluer & golde. 1555 Saunders in Foxe A. $ M. (1563) 1043/2 Howe lothe is this loyteryng sluggard to passe foorth in Goddes pathe. Il fantasyeth forsooth much feare of *fray bugges. 1592 Stubbes Motive Good Wks. 123 The broching of this fraibugge or scar-crow [Purgatory]. 1671 S. Clarke Mirr. Saints <$* Sinn. (ed. 4) I. 485 Event proveth that these are no Fray-Bugs. 1546 Bale E?ig. Votaries 11. Conclusion (1550) 118 They *fraybugged them with the thunderboltes of their excommunycacyons. Fray, sb 2 [f. Fray v. 2 ] The result of fraying; a frayed place. 1630 Middleton Chaste Maid 1. i, Your purest Lawnes haue Frayes, and Cambrickes Brackes. 1648 Herrick Hesper. 91 ’Tis like a Lawnie-Firmament as yet Quite dispossest of either fray or fret. Fray (fr«? l )> v . 1 [aphetic f. Affray, Effray v .] 1 . trails . To affect with fear, make afraid, frighten. Cf. Affrays. 2. Obs. exc. poet. a 1300, 1330 [see Frayed ppl. a.]. 13.. E. E. A llit. P. B. 1553 ^9 r al bit frayes my flesche \>e fyngres so grymme. 14.. Sir Beues 2396 (MS. M.) The dragon kest vp a yelle, That it wolde haue frayed the deuyl of hel. 1531 Tindalf. Exp. 1 John (1537) *4 That. .we shulde exalte our selues ouer you .. frayenge you with the bugge of excommuni- cacyon. 1604 Bp. W. Barlow Confer. Hampton Crt. in Phenix (1721) I. 154 A Puritan is a Protestant fray’d out of his Wits. 1742 Shenstone Schoolmistress 149 And other some with baleful sprig she ’frays. * 1832 J. Bree St. Her¬ bert's Isle 98 He frayed the monsters with his bugle’s sound. 1850 Browning Xmas Eve <$ ■ Easter Day , My warnings fray No one, and no one they convert. al>sol. 1496 Bk. St. Albans, Fishing Cj, And when she hath plumyd ynough : go to her softly for frayenge. 1590 Spenser I. Q. ii. xii. 40 Instead of fraying they themselves did feare. 2 . To frighten or scare away. Also to fray away, off, or out. Cf. Affray v. 4. Obs. exc. arch. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 55 God hath ordeyned ..a specyall remedy, wherwith we may fray them away. *533 Tindale Supper ofLord cvb, Why fraye ye the coinmen people from the lytteral sense with thys bugge? 1586 Marlowe 1st Pt. Tamburl.\. ii, Are the turtles frayed out of their nests? 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage vi. i. 560 It [the Basilisk], .frayeth away other serpents with the hissing. a 1716 South Serm, (1744) X. 232 Can he fray off the vultur from his breast? 1825 Scott Betrothed xxiii, It is enough to fray every hawk from the perch. 1867 Manning Eng. g Christcndoni 154 We should have to answer to the Good Shepherd, if so much as one of His sheep were frayed away from the fold by harsh voices. absol. 1542 Becon Davids Harp Wks. 2564 I. 147 Exhort unto virtue. Fray away from vice. b. simply. To drive away, disperse. 1635 Quarles Entbl. 1. xiv. (1718) 57 Thy light will fray These horrid mists. 1655 H. Vaughan Si lex Scint. 11. Death (1858) 205 Thy shades .. Which his first looks will quickly fray. 13 . intr. To be afraid or frightened; to fear. Obs. a 1529 Skelton Image Hypocr. 509 Yow fray not of his rod. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 606 Thai had no caus to dreid Nor }it to fray. 1638 R. Baillie Lett. (1775^ I. 80 This and the convoy of it make us tremble for fear of division. .Thir thingis make us fray. + 4 . trails. To assault, attack, or make an attack upon; to attack and drive off\ rarely to make a raid on (a place). Obs. c 1400 Destr. Troy 5237 The grekys .. segh the kyng .. With fele folke vppon fote J?at horn fray wold, a 1440 Sir Degrev. 237 Thus the forest they fray, Hertus bade at abey. c 157s Durham Depos. (Surtees) 286 Neither this examinate nor his brother, .ever did lay in wayt nor frayd off the said Sir Richard Mylner. 5 . intr . To make a disturbance ; to quarrel or fight. Also, to make an attack upon. To fray it out : to settle by fighting. Obs. exc. arch. c 1460 Toivneley Myst. (Surtees) 147 Why shuld we fray? 1465 Poston Lett. No. 512 II. 205 My Lord of Suffolksmen ..frayuppon us, this dayly. 1494 Fabyan Chron. iv. lxxi. (1811) 50 Conan Meridok with a certayne of knyghtes of his affynyte, was purposed to haue frayed with the sayd Maximus, and to haue distressed hym. 1566 Drant Horace s Sat. 111. B v b, For foode and harboure gan they fray, .with clubbes. 1570 Song in Wit Sci. etc. (Shaks. Soc.) 00 The sonne is up with hys bryght beames, As thoughe he woolde with the now fraye, And bete the up out of thy dreames. 1657 Howell Londinop. 337 A gaol, .for such as should brabble, fray, or break the peace. 1889 Univ. Rev. Sept. 38 Sooner than fray it out thou wouldst retire. Hence Fraying vbl. sb. and ppl. a. c 1450 Merlin 339 Arthur was also fallen to grounde with the frayinge that thei hurteled to-geder. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. John x. 1 They doe their endeuour to mayn- teyn their tyrannie with disceytes, frayinges, wiles [etc.]. 1562 J. Heywood Prov. <$• Epigr. (1867) J 94 Of fraying of babes. 1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 394 But only avoideth this clause, .as a fraying ghost. Fray (fn? 1 ), v . 2 [ad. F. frayer :—OF. freiier to rub:— L. fricare : see Friction.] I. To rub; to come into collision. 1 . intr. Of deer: (see quot. 175 6). Also trans. in to fray their heads. 1576 Turberv. Venerie 69 The old harts do fray their heads upon the yong trees. 1583 Stanyhurst VEneis 1. (Arb.) 23 Chiefe stags vpbearing croches high from the antlier hauted On trees stronglye fraying. 1756 Whalley Notes 071 B. Jonsons Wks. V. 103 A deer is said to fray her head when she rubs it against a tree to renew it. 1884 Jefferies Red Deer vii. 112 Towards the end of July—they are then fraying, rubbing the velvet off their new horns against the trees. 2 . trails. To rub away, wear through by rubbing ; to ravel out the edge or end of (something woven or twisted); occasionally, to chafe or irritate by friction. 1710 Steele Tatler No. 245 ? 2 Four striped Muslin Night-Rails very little frayed. 1727 Bradley Fain. Diet. s.v. Clear Starching, Pull out your pinner, holding it by the Edging, with dry and clean hands lest you fray it. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop xvii, The very bell-rope in the porch was frayed into a fringe. 1873 A. Dobson Vignettes in Rhyme, Sundial xii. The frequent sword-hilt had so frayed his glove. 1884 J. F. Goodhart Dis. Childr. iv. (1891) 77 The polypus [should be] hooked down, and its pedicle frayed through with the nail [of the finger]. fig. 1861 Dickens Gt. Expect. II. 1 The stage coach., got into the ravel of traffic frayed out about the Cross Keys. b. intr. Of material: To become frayed, to ravel out. Also with out. 1721 Bailey s.v., To fray, to fret as Cloth does by Rub¬ bing. 1798 Jane Austen Northang. Abb. (1833) I. iii. 14, I do not think it will wash well; I am afraid it will fray. c. To rub against. 1884 Jefferies Red Deer ii. 29 Dry dark heather con¬ tinually fraying against my knees. + 3 . trails. To bruise. Also, to deflower. Obs. c 1460 Play Sacram. 455 And w l ow r strokys we shalle fray hym as he was on y® rode. 1565 Golding Ovid's Met. ix. (1593) 220 Whom being then no maid (For why the God of Delos and of Delphos had her fraid). + 4 . intr. To clash, come into collision. Obs. c 1450 Merlin 594 Ther myght a man haue sein .. many a shafte and shelde frayen to-geder. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 424/2 Whan he sawe.. how therthe onelye by frayeng of his staffe was dyched aboute. II. 5 . [A recent adoption from Fr.] trans. To clear, cut through, force (a path, way). 1849 E. E. Napier Excurs. S. Africa II. 81 The narrow thorny paths, frayed by the elephant and the rhinoceros. 1869 Baring-Gould Origin Relig. Belief (1878) I. vii. 135 Man had to fray his road through a wilderness of fable before he could reach the truth. Hence Fraying vbl. sb. 1375 Barbour Bruce x. 653 Thai. .Herdbath stering, and ek speking, And [alswa fraying] of armyng. t Fray, vA Obs. rare, [short f. Defray v.] trans. To defray ; also absol. 1450 Plumpton Corr. 39 Nothing will they pay, without your said tenants will fray with them. 1631 Massinger Emperor East iv. iv, The charge of my most curious and costly ingredients frayed.. I shall acknowledge myself amply satisfied. t Fray, vA Obs. trans. ? To fry. Also absol. . c 1450 Two Cookery-bks. 11. 89 Caste hem and the oynons into pat potte with the drawen pesen, and late hem boile togidre. .And then take faireoile and fray. 1558-68 Warde tr. A lexis ’ Seer. 28 a, Havyng frayed and consumed it in hote water, give it to the woman to drinke. Hence f Frayed ppl. a. c 1450 Two Cookery-bks. 11. 93 Take figges .. and cast a litull fraied oyle there-to. Fray, obs. f. and Sc. var. of fra, Fro. Frayed (he'd), ppl. a . 1 arch. [f. Fray vA + -ed 1 .] (The pple. passing into ppl. a.) Afraid, frightened. a 1300 Cursor M. 5814 A neddir it was, and he was fraid. 1330 [see Afraid i]. C1470 Henry Wallace vi. 580 The fute men. .On frayt folk set strakis sad and sayr. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. clxix. 206 All the countre was so frayed, that euery man drue to the fortresses, a 1555 Lyndesay Tragedy 185 Be sey and land sic reif without releif, Quhilk to report my frayit hart afferis. 1608 Topsell Serpents (1658) 795 The Ape is as fraid thereof, as it is of the Snail. 1827 Hood Mids. Fairies vii, Like a fray’d bird in the grey owlet’s beak. 1866 G. Macdonald Aim. Q. Neighb. xii. (1878) 238 With a curve in her form like the neck of a frayed horse. Proverb. 1534 Whitinton Tullyes Offices 1. (1540) 36 More frayde than hurte. 1546 J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 9 He shall let fall all, And be more fraid then hurt. b. quasi- sb. in phr. for fraid = {01 fear. (Cf. Ferd sb. 2 ) 1536 Gray in State P. Hen. VIII, II. 355 Duetie to my Maister, and force, constraynyth me therto, for frayd of worse to comme herafter. 1889 N. W. Line. Gloss, s.v., For fraid.. * for fear ’. Hence Frayedly adv., Fray edness. 1530 Palsgr. 222/2 Fraydnesse, esmoy.. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus 11. 347 All for frayitnes he fell in extasie. 1570 Henry's Wallace iv. 244 Frayitlie [MS. ferdely] thai rais, that war in to thai waynis. Frayed (fr^d), ppl. a . 2 [f. Fray v . 2 + -ed h] Rubbed, worn by rubbing, ravelled out. Also with out. 1814 Scott Ld. of Isles v. iii, The ivy twigs were torn and fray’d. 1824 Landor Johnson <5- Tooke Wks. 1846 I. 155/1 The leather .. will look queerly in its patches on the frayed satin. 1859 Tennyson Enid 296 His dress a suit of fray’d magnificence. 1865 Dickens Mitt. Fr. 1. xiv, The frayed ends of his dress. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. III. iv. 107 Not good it is to harp on the frayed string. 1884 Western Daily Press 25 Apr. 7/5 The front of the bonnet is composed of frayed silk. 1889 John Bull 2 Mar. 149/3 The satin train had a thick ruche of frayed-out silk border¬ ing it all round. fig. 1896 Daily News 11 June 3/1 This novelty is getting just a trifle frayed at the edges. Hence Frayedness, frayed condition. 1893 Cassell's Fam. Mag. June 500/2 He hands over [the rope] to us in all its frayedness. t Fray er. Obs. [f. Frayz;. 1 * -er 1 .] a. One who frightens away. b. One who makes a dis¬ turbance ; a fighter, rioter. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vn. 583 Both frayers were taken & brought vnto the countour in the Pultry. 1543 Becon Policy War Wks. 1564 I. 143 They be the aungels of God . .the exhorters vnto vertue, the frayers away from vice, &c. Fraying (fr^-iq), vbl. sb. [f. Fray v. 2 ] 1 . Ot a deer: The action of the vb. Fray. Also that which is rubbed off in fraying ; ‘ peel \ 1576 Turberv. Venerie 243 Then he rubbeth of that pyll and that is called fraying of his head. 1637 B. Jonson.SW Sheph. 1. ii, For by his Slot, his Entries, and his Port, His Frayings, Fewmets, he doth promise Sport. 1825 Scott Betrothed xvii, To track mischief from light words, as I would find a buck from his frayings. b. Comb. : fraying-post, + -stock, the tree or other object against which a deer frays. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Rccreat. 1. (1677) 68 All Stags as they are burnish’d, beat their Heads dry against some Tree or other, which is called their * Fraying-post. 1884 Jefferies Red Deer vii. 113 A fir, which was used as a fraying post. 1576 Turberv. Venerie 69 When the huntsman hath founde his *frayingstocke, he must marke the heyght where the ende of his croches. .hath reached. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Nauy Land Ships Wks. 1. 93/1 Pores, and Entryes, Abatures, and Foyles, Frayen-stockes. 2 . Ravellings. 1855 Dickens Dorrit 1. xxix, Picking threads and fraying of her work from the carpet. t Frayment. Obs. [f. Fray vA + -ment.] Disturbance. 1549 Chaloner Erasm. on Folly Cj, Pan, with his so- daine fraiments and tumults bringeth age over all thyng. t Frayne, sb . 1 Obs. Also freyn. [a. OF. fraisne,/resile (Fr. front):—L. fraxinusJ] An ash. C1325 Lai le Freiue 225 The Freyns of the asche is a freyn After the language of Breteyn. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 1035 Vnder a tre of frayne. c 1490 Caxton Ovids Met. x. iv, Lawrers..ffresnes, Cornyliers. 1 * Frayne, sb . 2 Obs. ? A mark or streak on a horse. Hence + Frayned a., ? streaked ; brindled. x 539 Richmond Wills (.Surtees) 16, I bequeth to my brother, .a great franeid meire. 1550 Will of R. Maddox (Somerset Ho.), My frayned gray troting gelding. 1614 Markham Cheap Husb. 4 His colour would euer be milke white with red fraynes. + Frayne, sb.' 3 Obs. rare~ l . [?f. OY.fraindre to break ; cf. Refrain.] X 5S5 Abp. Parker Ps. A ij, Observe the frayne : the ceasure marke To rest with note in close. Frayne, freyne, v. Obs. exc. dial. Forms: i fresnan, frisnan, frman, 3 frseinen, -ien, Orm. fraj^nenn, (frayny, south, vraini), 3-5 frein(e(n, 4-5 frain(e, fran(e, -ayn(e, -eyn(e, (4 freygne, 5 frayen, fraynne), 9- frayn. Also FRAZIL 519 FRECK. pa. t. 4 frain. [A Com. Teut. str. vb. inflected in ME. as wk. ; OE .fregnan,frirnan,frinan (pa. t. frsegn, fran, pi. frugnon, frtenon, also wk. (ge)- frsegnade) = OS. fregnan (pa. t fragn), ON .fregna (pa. t. fra) , Goth, fraihnan (pa. t. frah) ; the Teut. root *frch -, freg- is found also in OE. friegan to ask, fricca herald, freht (= *freoht, friht) oracle, and (with different vowel-grade) in OS. frfigdn (Du. vragen ), OHG. freight, fr&hen (MHG . vrdgen, mod.Ger. fragen); further (with metathesis), OHG./^« to ask, beg. The OAryan root is *prekprk -, found e.g. in L. precari to Pray ; and with -sk- suffix in L. poscZre (:-*pork- sk-) f Qtx. for sell en to demand.] 1 . traits . To make inquiry of (a person) about (something); = Ask v, 2-6 (which see for con¬ structions). Beowulf {Z.) 1319 (He) fras^n him waere setter neod- laSum mht ^etsese. a 800 Corpus Gloss. C 581 (Hessels) Consulo, fri^no. c 900 tr. Bsedas Hist, iv. iii. (1890) 268 Hine frujnon and ascodon his jeferan, for hwon he his dyde. c 1000 Ags. Ps. cxxxviii[i]. 20 pone faelan gepanc frine me syppan. C1205 Lay. 30734 Brien hine gon fraeine of his fare-coste. a 1300 Cursor M. 7193 Sua lang sco frain him, pat bald, pat suilk a gabinghe hir tald. c 1325 Metr. Horn. (1862) 151 And this ermyt bigan to frain At Satenas, hou he hafd spedde. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B.vm. 3 And frayned ful oft of folke pat I mette, If ani wi}te wiste where dowel was at Inne. c 1420 Sir Amadace (Camd.) xvii, Sir Amadace franut hur the marchandes name, a 1450 Le Morte Arth. 678 And sithe he freyned also swithe, ‘ How fares my lady brighte’? 1501 Douglas Pal. Hon. 1. xi, I. .fast at thame did frane Quhat men thay wer? 1522 Skelton Why nat to Court 397 Of you I wolde frayne Why come ye nat to court. 1555 Abp. Parker Ps. xxviii. 65 Theyr myndes disdayne Gods actes to fraine. 1575-6 Durham Depos, (Surtees) 270 The said Umphra frayned the said Thomas. 1592 Warner Alb. Eng. vn. xxxvii. (1612) 181, I, musing, fram’d her meaning. 1703 Thoresby Let. to Ray (E. D. S.) Frayn , to ask. Lane. 1803 W. S. Rose A itiadis 160 Frayn’d by the knight, they told, a beautious maid .. Was borne a prisoner. b. intr. To make inquiries ; to inquire at or of (a person); to ask after (a person), of = about (a thing). c. 900 tr. Bazdds Hist. iv. xix. [xxi]. (1890)316 Swa swame seolfum frinendum .. Wilferp biscop saegde. c 1200 Ormin 19628 pa Farisewwess haffdenn sket Off Cristess dedess fra33nedd. £*1275 O. E. Misc. 92/73 pagh pu frayny after freond, ne fyndestu non. a 1300 Cursor M. 3849 pai fran- nid o par frendes fare, a 1420 Hocci.eve De Reg. Princ. 3745 Thus of hir he gan to axe and freyne. c 1420 Sir Amadace (Camd.) lvi, If he frayne o3te aftur me .. Say him my sute is quite, c 1430 Syr Tryam. 1099 The kyng at hym can frayne. £•1450 Holland Howlat 261 He franyt Of thar counsall in this caiss. c 1475 Rauf Coilgear 227 He began to frane farther mair. 1568 A. Scott Poems (S. T. S.) xxxiv. 45 $e preiche, 3e fleich, 3e frane. 2 . a. trans. To ask for (a thing) ; to request (a person) to do something, b. intr. To ask, request. Const, for. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. A. 129 Fortune fares )>er as ho fray- nez. c 1423 Wyntoun Cron. vm. vi. 39 For Jus as scho fraynyd fast, He consentyd at l>e last, c 1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 485 He can him frayn A 1 the sothe him to sayn. Hence + Frayning vbl. sl>. a 1300 Cursor M. 27371 pe preist bi-gin pan his franyng. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Adrian 30 pc kynge. .one pis wyis mad franyng. c 1394 P. PI. Crede 27 By a fraynyng for- pan failep per manye. 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) II. 207 At last, be lang franing of his wife, he schew quhat schame the king had done to him. Frayturer: see Fraterer. Frazil (frf'zi'l). [?A Canadian use of F .fraisil, coal-dust,cinders.] In Canada and US. Ice formed at the bottom of a stream, anchor-ice. Also attrib. 1888 Montreal Gaz. 17 Mar. (Cent.), It has been sug¬ gested that it may be due to the accumulation of frazil or anchor-ice. 1893 Boston (Mass.) Youth's Companion 9 Feb. 71/4 The greater the surface of the swift open water, the greater the quantity of frazil made in a minute, hour, or day. Every open rapid is, in ‘ zero weather ’, a frazil-factory. Frazzle (frse'z’l), v. dial, and U. S. Also frazle. [Cf. Fasel v ., and Fuay z\ 2 ] trans. To fray, wear out, tear to rags or ribbons, lit. and fig. Hence Fra zzled ppl. a. Also Fra zzle sb., the state of being frazzled or worn out; Fra zzlings, ravellings. a 1825 Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Frazle, to unravel or rend cloth. Frazlings, threads of cloth, torn or unravelled. 1893 Amer. Missionary (N. Y.) Dec. 418 One’s garments get frazzled in the grass ; one's mind and body and spiritual sense sometimes become frazzled, torn to pieces, good-for- nothing. 1894 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 2 Jan., Two years ago his nerves were worn to a frazzle over an attempt made to levy a tax. 1895 Nebraska State Jrnl. 23 June 3/1 Everyone believed that Thomas would..plant the frazzled banner of the distillers in its place. Freak frfk), sb . 1 [Not found before 16th c.; possibly introduced from dialects, and cognate with OE.fr/cian (Malt. xi. 17) to dance.] 1 . A sudden causeless change or turn of the mind ; a capricious humour, notion, whim, or vagary. 1563 Mirr. Mag, Jane Shore ii, Fortunes frekes. 1590 Spenser F. Q. 1. tv. 50, I feare the fickle freakes .. Of For¬ tune. 1632 M armion Hollands Leaguer 11. i, Her I’ll make A stale, to take this courtier in a freak. 1661 Cowley Disc. Govt. O. Cromwell Wks. 1710 II. 664 Now the Freak takes him and he makes seventy Peers of the Land at one clap. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 427 r 2 Sometimes in a Freak [she] will instantly change her Habitation. 1812 H. & J. Smith Rej. Addr. 79 Amid the freaks that modem fashion sanc¬ tions, It grieves me much to see live animals Brought on the stage. 1867 Lady Herbert Cradle L. vi. 158 Ibrahim Pasha, in a freak of tyrannical fury, turned every Mahometan out of the city. 1891 E. W. Gosse Gossip Libr. v. 56 One of the grimmest freaks that ever entered into a pious mind. 2 . The disposition of a mind subject to such humours; capriciousness. 1678 R. L’Estrange Senecas Mor. (1702) 54 It is the Freak of many People, they cannot do a good Office, but they are presently boasting of it. 1822 Hazlitt fabled. Ser. 11. xviii. 380 Several, .have ruined their fortunes out of mere freak. 1848 C. Bronte J. Eyre xiii, A decent quies¬ cence under the freak of manner, gave me the advantage. 3 . A capricious prank or trick, a caper. 1648 Hunting of Fox 40 They have .. played freakes [Printed reakes] in the Country. 1724 Gay Quidnuncki' s, Thus, as in giddy freaks he bounces, Crack goes the twig, and in he flounces ! 1840 Barham Ingol. Leg., Jctckdaw, The priests, with awe, as such freaks they saw, Said : The Devil must be in that little Jackdaw. 1865 Trollope Belton Est. i. 3 Expelled from Harrow for some boyish freak. 4 . A product of irregular or sportive fancy. 1784 Cowper Task v. 130 Thy most magnificent and mighty freak [an ice-palace], The wonder of the North. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits , Wealth Wks. (Bohn) II. 74 Strawberry Hill of Horace Walpole, Fonthill Abbey of Mr. Beckford, were freaks. b. (More fully freak of nature, = lusus naturae): A monstrosity, an abnormally developed individual of any species; in recent use ( [esp . U. S.), a living curiosity exhibited in a show. 1847 A. M. Gilliam Trav. Mexico 230 Many were .. the freaks of nature, that I beheld in the singular formations of the rocks. 1883 Daily News 11 Sept. 2/5 An association of . .natural curiosities usually exhibited at booths, .called the ‘ Freaks’ Union the word freaks being an abbreviation of the term ‘ freaks of nature ’ by which these monstrosities are described. 1891 C. James Rom. Rigmarole 130 The two freaks were retired into private life for purposes of refresh¬ ment. 5 . Comb., as freak-show ; freak-doing adj. 1862 R. H. Patterson Ess. Hist. # Art 470 The freak¬ doing Aswins. 1887 E. R. Pennell in Contemp. Rev. Mar. 400 note, What I should call penny peep, or rather freak, shows. Hence Prea kdom, the region or domain of ca¬ price ; Freakery, freaks collectively; Prea’kful a., freakish, capricious ; Prea ksome a. — prec. 1820 Keats Lamia 1. 230 By some freakful chance. 1854 Chamb. Jrnl. III. 175 The Puck of Fancy, that freaksome, tricksy wight. 1873-4 A. J. Ellis in Trans. Philol. Soc. 15 Was it [‘ scrumptious .a pure fancy of the moment, with nothing but absurdity and freakdom to generate it ? 1876 J. Weiss Wit, Hum. <$• Shahs, i. 5 What a wide range of Nature’s curious freakery a forest has ! Freak (frzk), jA 2 [f. Freak z/.] A fleck or streak of colour. 1870 Lowell Study Wind. (1871) 215 These quaint freaks of russet [in an old book] tell of Montaigne. Freak (frzk), v. [f. Freak sb. 1 ; the word (in sense 1) seems to have been formed by Milton.] 1 . trans. To fleck or streak whimsically or capriciously ; to variegate. Usually in pa. pple. 1637 Milton Lycidas 144 The pansy freaked with jet. 1726-46 Thomson Winter 814 And dark embroun’d, Or beauteous freakt with many a mingled hue. 1834 Beckford Italy I. 80 Collecting dianthi freaked with beautifully varied colours. 1880 Swinburne Studies in Song 15 The very dawn was. .freaked with fire. fig. 1803 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. XVI. 221 The anxious elaboration of a style freaked with allusions. 2 . intr. To practise freaks; to sport, gambol, frolic. 1663 [see Freaking ppl. a.], a 1820 J. R. Drake Culprit Fay xxvi. 1836 Then glad they left their covert lair, And freaked about in the midnight air. Freak, var. form of Freke, Obs., man. t Frea’king, ppl. a. Obs. [f. Freaks.] Ad¬ dicted to freaks, freakish. 1663 Flagellum, or O. Cromwell (1672) 140 After 4 daies time (in which Feak and his Freaking Partisans were almost run from their wits). 1665 Pepys Diary 25 Jan., He told me what a mad, freaking fellow Sir Ellis Layton hath been. Freakish (frPkiJ), a. [f. Freak sb . 1 + -ish.] 1 . Full of freaks, characterized by freaks, capri¬ cious, whimsical. 1653 H. More Conject. Cabbal. (1713) 186 Without any such freakish conceits. 1673 Wycherley Gentl. Dancing- Master 1. i, An ill-contrived, ugly, freakish fool. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 514 P 4 The most wild and freakish garb that can be imagined. 1784 Cowper Tiroc. 605 His freakish thoughts. 1791 W. Bartram Carolina 249 We found our companions busily employed in securing the young freakish horses. 1812 W. Tennant Anster F. 1. viii, Her trees of tinsel kiss’d by freakish gales. 1863 Geo. Eliot Romola 1. iii, Look at that sketch : it is a fancy of. .a strange freakish painter. 1870 Lowell Study Wind. (1886) 40 Our freakish climate. 1875 Poste Gains 1. (ed. 2) 122 The synthesis of title and right in Civil law may be freakish and capricious. 2 . Of the nature of a freak, curious, grotesque. 1805 Scott Last Minstr. 11. xi, The ozier wand In many a freakish knot had twined. 1827 Hood Mids. Fairies Ixxxviii, He .. had stuck His freakish gauds upon the Ancient’s brow. Hence Frea kishly adv., Prea kishness. 1678 Trans. Crt. Spain 26 Let us admire the freakishness of worldly affairs, a 1714 J. Sharp Wks. (1754) V. ii. 48 Such apiece of folly and freakishness. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Freak¬ ishly. 1827 Scott Jrnl. 27 Apr., That freakishness of humour which made me a voluntary idler. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets vii. 204 But gods intervene mechanically and freakishly, like the magicians in Ariosto or Tasso. 1888 Repentance P. Wentworth II. 340 You. .are fully persuaded I did it out of sheer freakishness. Freaky (frrki), a. [f. Freak sb . 1 + -y 1 .] = Freakish. 1824 Blackw. Mag. XV. 453 Instead of. .clipsome hedges and freaky meadows..his faded eye could only fall upon horrid bars and walls. 1891 Ibid. CXLIX. io-j/2 Theodora was. .a slippery, freaky little creature. Hence Freakiness. 1886 T. Roosevelt Hunting Trips 347 No other species seems to show such peculiar ‘ freakiness * of character, both individually and locally. t Fream, sb. Obs.~° ‘Arable land worn out of heart, and laid fallow till it recover’ (Phillips 1671). Phillips appends this definition to his explanation of Freameth (see next); Kersey 1706 refers it, prob. rightly, to Fream. The word is otherwise unknown. Fream (frzm), v. Also 6 (? erron.) froam. [Of uncertain origin. Perh. an artificial term suggested by L. frentere to roar (F .fremir, to shudder, is too remote in sense). But quot. 1876 suggests that it may, with unexplained irregularity, represent OAngl. hrema=WS. hrleman , to cry out.] intr. To roar, rage, growl: spec, of a boar. 1576 Turberv. Vetierie 238 A Bore freameth. 1583 Stanyhurst AEneis 11. (Arb.) 51 Hee freams, and skrawling to the skye brays terribil hoyseth. Ibid. iv. (Arb.) 100 Hudge fluds lowdlye freaming from mountayns loftye be trowlling. 1660 Howell Parly of Beasts viii. 113 He [a man turned into a boar] did.. extreamly froam at his own Country¬ men. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. 1. (1677) 11 Terms for their Noise at Rutting time .. A Boar Freameth. 1711 Puckle Club 90 An hart bellows, a buck groyns..a boar freams. [1876 Whitby Gloss., Freeam or Reeam , to scream.] j- Frean, v. Manlge. Obs. (See quot.) 1607 Markham Caval. vi. 28 If he will lie downe and tumble, which horsmen call Freaning, you shall not onely giue him leaue, but. .helpe him to wallow ouer and ouer. + Freare. Sc. Obs. = Frail sb . 1 1565 Aberd. Reg. V. 25 (Jam.) Fywe half frearis offeggis. a 1575 Diurn. Occurrents (1833) 202 Ane frear of feggis. 1582-8 Hist. James VI (1804) 166 Quhilk was convoyit to the castell of Edinburgh in a freare of fegges. Freat, obs. form of F ret. Freathe (frtS), w- Sc. [? repr. OE. (a-firtlodan to foam (pa. pple. -frozen : cf. Froth r^.).] . 1 . intr. To froth or foam. 1785 Burns Sc. Drink x, O rare 1 to see thee fizz an’ freath I’ th’ lugget caup 1 2 . trans. To make to froth or lather. 1725 Ramsay Gentle Sheph. 1. ii. song v. We’re not yet begun To freath the graith. Freche, obs. form of Fresh. + Fre’chedly, adv. Obs. rare —'. [? f. frech var. of Freck + -ed 1 + -ly 2 .] Greedily. c 1450 Myrc 1332 Ete or dronke to frechedely. Freck, frack (frek, frtek), a. Obs. exc. Sc. Forms : a. 1 free, 3 frech, south, vrech, 4 freck, -kk(e, 4-5 frek(e, (5 freik), 8-9 Sc. freck. fi. Sc. 6-7 Irak, 6-9 frack. [Com. Teut.: OE. free, fric, frsec = OWQt. freh covetous, greedy (MHG. vrech courageous, Ger. frech bold, insolent), ON. frekr greedy (Sw. frack daring, Da. frxk), Goth. (faihu) friks (fee-)greedy, covetous. Cf. Frike a., which seems to have been confused with this word.] 1 . Desirous, eager, prompt, quick, ready. Const. gen. (OE. only) to with sb. or vb. in inf. To make freck : to make ready. a 1000 Bocth. Metr. viii. 15 Hwaet hi firenlusta frece ne waeron. c 1205 Lay. 9419 To heo eoden alle afoten & swiSe freche weoren. a 1300 Cursor M. 5198 To bidd hast now es nan sa frek. 1352 Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 68 Doghty men .. That war ful frek to fight, c 1450 St. Cnthbert (Surtees) 4441 He was freke his name to frayne. 1560-78 Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot. (1621) Pref., Frack to preach the Gospell in Scotland, as in another Antiochia. a 1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 104 The merchantis maid frack to saill. 1819 W. Tennant Papistry Storm’d (1827) T19 Hae ye your man by acht o’clock, A' frack and furnish’t for the shock. 1820 Scott Abbot xxxiv, You know whether I am so frack as the serving-man spoke him. b. In bad sense: Greedy, gluttonous ; also, keen for mischief. c 950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xi. 19 Heonu monn fric. a 1225 Ancr. R. 128 pe vox is ec a wrecche vrech best, and fret swu< 5 e wel mid alle. c 1275 O. F. Misc. 75 Ac sathanas J>e frecche pe saule wule drecche, Hwanne he agult habbe}>. 2 . Lusty, strong, vigorous. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems liii. 23 On all the flwre thair was nane frackar. 1569 in Napier Mem. (1793) 127 Thou art the frackest felow amang them. 1820 Scott Abbot xxxiv, Un¬ likely men to stay one of the frackest youths in Scotland of his years. Freck (frek), sb. rare- 1 . [?Shortened from Freckle j^.] = Freckle. 1866 Intell.ObservMa. 53.349 Burnt-umberspoisand frecks. t Freck, frack, vJ Sc. Obs. [f. the adj.] intr. To move swiftly or nimbly. 1513 Douglas /Ends 1. i. 62 As the Troianis frakkis our the fluide. Ibid. v. iv. 101. Freck (frek), vf [? Shortened from Freckle v. or var. of Freak v.] trans. To mark with spots or freckles ; to dapple. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid’s Met. it. (1626) 43 There shee a bloodlesse Statue sate, alL freckt. 1821 Clare Viii. Minstr. FRECKEN. 520 FREE. II. 3 Eve put on her sweetest shroud .. Freck’d with white and purple cloud. 1869 Lowell Cathedr. Poet. Wks. (1870) 25 The painted windows, frecking[ed. 1890 IV. 47 freaking] gloom with glow. Frecken, sb. Obs. exc. dial. Forms: 4 frekne, 5 frakyn(e, 5~6frakene, 6 fracin, frack- ne, freken, -in, 7 frechon. [a. ON. freknur pi. (Svv .frakne, Da. fregne)f\ A freckle. c 1386 Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1311 A fewe freknes in his face y-spreynd. 14.. Nom. in Wr.-Wiilcker 680/3 Hec lenticula, a frakyn. 1545 Raynold Byrtk Mankynde iv. vi. (1634)200 Frekens. .may be taken away by often anoynting them with the oyle of Tartar. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 111. ii. vi. iii. (1651)562 Reddestreeks,frechons, hairs, warts, a 1825 Forby Voc. E. Anglia , Freckens , freckles. Hence Freckened ppl. a., marked with freckles. la 1400 Morte Arth. io8r His forhevede alle was it over, As pe felle of a froske, and fraknede it semede. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 176/1 Fraknyd, idem quod Frakny. 1877 in N. IV. Line. Gloss. Frecken (fre'ken), v. Anglo-Irish , etc. [mis¬ pronunciation of Frighten.] trans. To frighten. Also with of. 1847 Le Fanu T. O'Brien 230 ‘A whole parish that was freckened beyant all tellinV 1894 Hall Caine Manxman 347 ‘May be it was myself she was freckened of.’ Freckle (fre'k’l), sb. Forms: 5-6 fracel, -le, frakel, -il, -le, 6 frekell(e, -le, -yll, 6-7 freck-(e)l, 7 frecle, -lie, 6- freckle. [Altera¬ tion of Frecken.] 1 . A yellowish or light-brown spot in the skin, said to be produced by exposure to the sun and wind. c 1400 Lanfranc s Cirurg. 189 Of cloop pat is clepid fraclis or goute roset. 1544 Phaer Regim. Lyfe (1553) B va, Lac virginis. .taketh awaie frekles of y« visage. 1612 Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 163 The legs and thighes dis¬ coloured into frekels. 1700 Dryden Palamon A. in. 76 Some sprinkled freckles on his face were seen, Whose dusk set off the whiteness of the skin. 1775 Sheridan Duenna 11. ii, Her skin .. spangled here and there with a golden freckle. 1881 Besant & Rice Chapl. Fleet I. 5 She was running about without thinking of freckles. pig. a 1535 More Wks. 7 He semed somwhat besprent wt the frekell of negligence. 2 . Any small spot or discoloration. 1547 Borde Introd. Knowl. i. (1870) 127 If a man doth cast a cupe. .in the well, it wyll be full of droppes or frakils. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. 11. i. 13 In their [Cowslips’] gold coats, spots you see, Those be Rubies, Fairie fauors, In those freckles, liue their sauors. 1693 Evelyn De la Quint. Coinpl: Gard. 3 One would take them at first but for little reddish Frecles and Spots. 1784 Cowper Task vi. 241 Not a flower But shows some touch, in freckle, streak, or stain, Of his •'nrivalled pencil. 1813 T. Forster Atmos. Phzenom. (1815) 78 A sort of cirrostratus like little freckles. 1832 Bowles St. John in Patmos v. 57 Not a freckle stained the firma¬ ment High overhead. transf. 18.. O. W. Holmes Good Time Going , This little speck, the British Isles? ’Tis but a freckle: never mind it! + 3 . ? A wrinkle. Obs. 1519 Horman Vulg. 169 b, They fille vp theyr frekyllys : and stretche abrode theyr skyn with tetanother. 4 . Comb., as freckle-water ; frecklefaced adj. 1688 Lond. Gaz. No. 2380/4 Charles Vine, .freckle Fac’d . .Run away from his Master. 1856 Anne Manning Tasso 4 * Leonora 100, I am off to the Barber-surgeon’s to buy some freckle-water for Madama Leonora. 1884 Harpers Mag. Jan. 307/1 You were freckle-faced. Freckle (frs'k’l), v. [f. the sb.] 1 . trans. To cover with freckles or spots. 1613 Chapman Revenge Bussy d'A mbois Plays 1873 II. 107 The bloud She so much thirsts for, freckling hands and face. 1823 J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 68 Persons naturally with brown skins, are blistered or freckled less than those who are fairer. 1844 Hood Discov. in Astron. ii, ‘Lord, master .. To wonder so at spots upon the sun ! I’ll tell you what he’s done— Freckled himself !' b. intr. To appear in spots or patches. 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 207 The sunbeams, filtering small, Freckling through the branches fall. Ibid. II. 201 Where the sunshine freckles on the eye Through the half- clothed branches in the woods. 2 . intr. To become marked with freckles. 1842 Thackeray Fitz-Boodle's Conf. Wks. 1869 XXII. 220 Those fair complexions, they freckle so. 1889 Anstey Pariah 1. iv, You know I never freckle. Freckled (fre'k’ld), ppl. a. Also 4 y-fracled, 5 y-freklet, fraeuld. [f. Freckle sb. + -ed 2 .] 1 . Marked with freckles. 1440 [see Freckny]. 1602 Marston Ant. # Mel. iv. Wks. 1856 I. 50 She hath a freckled face. 1680 Lond. Gaz. No. 1532/4 With pock-holes in his face, and freckled. 1751 Gordon Another Cordialfor Lena Spirits II. 138 One of the Barkin-Tribe, with weather-beaten Countenance and freckl'd Fist. 1885 Runciman Skippers <$• Sh. 232 The freckled children looked hard and healthy. 2 . Spotted ; dappled ; variegated. <71380 Sir Ferumb. 3659 Is stede, A 1 y-fracled wyp whit & rede. 1422 tr. Secret a Secret ., Priv. Priv. (E. E. T. S.) 233 Even..whit y-freklet, or I-sprotid. c 1614 Drayton Quest of Cynthia Wks. (1748) 227 We’ll angle in the brook, The freckled trout to take. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. 1. (1677) 4 1 Their [Hounds’] Legs freckled with red and black. 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 140 Freckled cowslips are gilding the plain. 1876 Rock Text. Fabr. 63 Velvet., freckled with gold thread sprouting up like loops. t 3 . Resembling a freckle. Obs .— 1 # 1611 Bible Lev. xiii. 39 It is a freckled spot that groweth in the skin. 4 . Comb., as freckledfaced adj. 1611 Speed Theat. Gt. Brit. (1614) 107/2 When a stout frecled faced King should passe over that ford, then the power of the Welshmen should be brought under. 1687 Lond. Gaz. No. 2256/4 They were taken away by a Fellow . .swarthy and freckled Faced. 1885 Black White Heather ii, The little red-headed, freckled-faced lassie. Hence Freckledness, the state of being freckled. 1611 Cotgr., Canetille. .the frecklednesse of a face. Freckling (fre*kliq), vbl. sb. [f. Freckle v. -f -ing i.] The action of the verb Freckle. In quots. quasi-concr., a mark like a freckle. Also collect., a marking with freckles. 1820 Keats Lamia 1. 159 A deep Volcanian yellow. .Made gloom of all her frecklings, streaks and bars. 1882 Garden 28 Jan. 68/3 A white variety without the external freckling is not uncommon. Frexklish, a. rare — 1 , [f. Freckle sb. + -ish.] Somewhat freckled. 1692 Lond. Gaz. No. 2809/4 Timothy Phillips .. pale and frecklish. .went away, .with a. .Sum of Money. Freckly (fre-kli), a. [f. Freckle sb. + -y 1 .] Full of spots or freckles. a 1704 T. Brown Highlander 14 He .. plumps his Freckly Cheeks with stinking Weed [Tobacco]. 1740 Pineda Span. Diet., Sarpullido , freckly, motly, or full of small Spots. + Fre’ckly, fra'ckly, adv. Chiefly Sc. [f. Freck a. + -ly -.] a. Voraciously, greedily, b. Eagerly, with spirit, promptly, lustily. a. c 1205 Lay. 31772 He set of ane uisce urechliche swiSe. I 375 Barbour Bruce vii. 166 Thai rostit in hy thair met, And fell rycht frakly for till et. b- c 1440 York Myst. xi. 393 Do charge oure charyottis swithe And frekly folowes me. 1513 Douglas YEneis vm. vii. 164 Wonder frakly thai Onto thair labour can thaim all addres. 1600 J. Melvill Diary (1842) 362 The gentilmen offerit tham selves verie fraclie. a 1651 Calderwood Hist. Kirk (Wodrow Soc.) III. 669 How fracklie, as a perjured and man-sworne person he went forward. t Fre’ckny, a. Obs.— 1 In 5 frakny. [f. Frecken sb. + -Y 1 ; =Sw .fraknig.’] Freckled. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 176/1 Frakny, or fraculde {P. frekeny) lentigi(n)osus. ‘ t Fre’ddon, v. Obs. Also 6 firdon, friddon, fridoun. [ad. Fr. frcdonner^\ intr. To hum, warble, quaver. Hence + FTrddoning vbl. sb. 1584 Southerne in Puttenham Eng. Poesie iii. xxii. (Arb.) 260, I will freddon in thine honour. 1588 A. Hume Triumph Lord 207 Douce friddoning of flutes. 1599 — [see Firdon.] 16.. Montgomerie Cherrie Slae vii (in Evergreen ), Com- pleitly, mair sweitly, Scho fndound flat and schairp. t Frede, v. Forms: 2-4 frede(n; also 1 ^e- frddan, 3-4 south. ivrede(n. [OE. (ge)fredan wk. vb., f. frod wise; =MDu. vroeden , OHG. fruotani] trans. To be sensible of, feel, perceive ; with direct obj. or with sentence as obj. Also refl. c 888 K. Allfred Bocth. xli. § 4 Sio ^efrednes hine maeg gegrapian & jefredan paet hit lichoma bip. c 1000 /Elfric Horn. I. 544 Hi swurdes eege ne jefreddon. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Mark v. 29 Heo on hire %efredde [ c 1160 Hatton fredde] Sset heo of Sam wite ^ehseled waes. C1205 Lay. 27138 Ah he herm ivredde: his he}e men he losede. c 1275 Sinners Beware 197 in O. E. Misc. 78 Bute we vs bi-rede pe gost hit schal lvrede. C1315 Shoreham 22 3 ef that 3e fredeth 30U, That he ne be nau}t digne For te be housled. ci32o6V«y» Sag. (W.) 1514 His wife lai warme abedde And solas of hire lemman fredde. 1390 Gower Conf. II. 374 If that I her fredde, Whan I toward offring her ledde. Frederize, nonce-wd. [f. Frederick + -ize.] intr. To take the part of the Emperor Frederick. 1618 Daniel Coll. Hist. Eng., Hen. III. (an. 1246) 138 Vpon the Popes, .dispising the Kings message (who, he said, began to Frederize). II Fredon. Obs. \fix. fredon in similar sense.] A particular sequence of cards : see quot. 1798 Sporting {dag. XII. 142 The fredon which is four tens, four aces, four nines, etc. Fred-stole: see Frithstool. Free (frf), u. Forms: 1 frfo, fr€o, freoh, frioh, fri, fry, frls, 2-3 fri(e, 3-4 freo, (3 south. vreo), 4 fry, frey, south, vry, vri, 6 frye, 6-7 (chiefly Sc.) frie, 2-6 fre, 4- free. [Com. Teut.: OE .friOy friOyfrig corresponds to OFris. fri, OS. fri (recorded only as sb. and in the compound fri-lik ; Du. vrij), OHG. fri (MHG. vri , mod. Ger .fret), ON. *frl-r (lost exc. in the compound frials \—*fri-hals 1 free-necked \ free ; the mod.Icel. fri, Sw., Da. fri are adopted from Ger.), Goth. frei-s OTeut. *frijo- free :—0 Aryan *priyo -, re¬ presented by Skr. priyd dear, Welsh rhjtdd free, f. root *pri to love (Skr. pri to delight, endear; OS 1 . prijatelt friend, Goth, frijon , OE. frton to love, whence Friend). The primary sense of the adj. is ‘dear’; the Germanic and Celtic sense comes of its having been applied as the distinctive epithet of those members of the household who were connected by ties of kindred with the head, as opposed to the slaves. The converse process of sense-development appears in Lat. liberi ‘ children ’, literally the ‘ free ’ members of the household.] I. Not in bondage to another. 1 . Of persons : Not bound or subject as a slave is to his master; enjoying personal rights and liberty of action as a member of a society or state. c 888 K. ^Elfred Boeth. xli. § 2 Gif hwylc swij>e rice cyning. .naefde nsenne fryne [MS. Colt, freone] mon on ealjon his rice, ac waeron ealle J?eowe. c 1000 iELFRic Exod. xxi. 2 peowie he six jer and beo him freoh on pam seofo- 5 an. a 1300 Cursor M. 6708 (Gott.) Qua-so smytes vte his thrales eye..He sal him make fre and quite. 1535 Cover- dale Job iii. 19 The bonde man, and he that is fre from his master. 1606 Shaks. Ant. $ Cl. iv. xiv. 81 When I did make thee free. 1610 — Temp. 1. ii. 442 Delicate Ariel, I’ll set thee free for this. 1657 R. Ligon Barbadoes (1673) 16 These are free Negroes, and wear..the badge of their freedom. 1841 LANE^lm^. Nts. I. 65 It sometimes happens, though rarely, that free girls are sold as slaves. b. fig. (< esp. in a spiritual sense = not in bondage to sin). C975 Rushw. Gosp. John viii. 36 Gif forSon sunu iow fcefrioS so 5 lice frio ge bioSon. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 101 He hadde maked hem fre of pe deules pralsipe. 1513 Douglas HIneis x. iii. 84 Of the fatis fre [orig. libera fatij. 1610 Shaks. Temp. Epil. 20 As you from crimes would pardon'd be, Let your indulgence set me free. 1611 Bible Gal. v. 1. 1643 Denham Cooper's Hill 130 Who., free from Conscience, is a slave to Fame. 1695 Ld. Preston Boeth. iv. 194 Everything is by so much the freer from Fate. c. Of or belonging to free men. Free labour: the labour of free men (in contradistinction to that of slaves). 1856 Olmsted Slave States 100 He is satisfied that at present free-labor is more profitable than slave-labor. 2 . Of a state, its citizens, institutions, etc.: En¬ joying civil liberty; existing under a government which is not arbitrary or despotic, and does not encroach upon individual rights. Also, not subject to foreign dominion. x 375 Barbour Bruce 1. 219 Al[a]s ! that folk, that euir wes fre .. War tretyt than sa wykkytly. 1382 Wyclif i Macc. xi. 31 And Jerusalem be holy and free, with his coostis. 1611 Shaks. Cyvib. iii. i. 49 Till the iniurious Romans did extort This Tribute from vs, we were free. 1667 Milton P. L. 1.259 Here at least We shall be free. 1770 Junius Lett. xxxvii. 184 He is king of a free people. 1792 Residence in France (1797) I. 155 France is now the freeest country in the world. 1802 Wordsw., Sonn ., is not to be thought of that the flood'. We must be free or die, who speak the tongue That Shakspeare spake. 1817-18 Cobbett Resid. U. S. (1822) 21 Is it not a mockery to call a man free, who no more dares turn out his tallow into candles for his own use, than he dares rob upon the highway? 1867 Smiles Huguenots Eng. xi. (1880) 187 Holland .. became the chief European centre of free thought, free religion, and free industry. + 3 . Noble, honourable, of gentle birth and breed¬ ing. In ME. a stock epithet of compliment. Often in alliterative phr. fair and free. Obs. a 1000 Caedmon's Gen. 1642 (Gr.) Da wearp Seme suna & dohtra.. worn afeded, freora bearna. c 1000 Ags. Ps. lvi[i]. 9 Ic pe on folcum frine Drihten ecne andete. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. 1 .109/ioope Amirales doubter, .pat was so fair and fre. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 420 Of fayrost fourme & maners, & mest 3entyl & fre. a 1300 Cursor M. 8121 Als milk pair [Ethiopians’] hide becom sa quite And o fre blod pai had pe heu. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. A. 795 My joy, my blys, my lemman fre. ? a 1366 Chaucer Rom. Rose 633 Mirthe, that is so fair and free. C1384 — H. Fame 1. 442 His fader Anchises the free, c 1460 Tovuneley Myst. (Surtees) 125 For to wyrship that chyld so fre. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon ix. 199 They met wyth damp Rambault the free knyght. c 1554 Interlude of Youth in Hazl. Dodsley II. 20 To have a sight I would be fain Of that lady free. 1632 Milton L'Allegro 11 Thou Goddess fair and free. 14 . Hence in regard to character and conduct: Noble, honourable, generous, magnanimous. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 25524 ] 7 at ilk time pou mistred pe, Suet iesu ! wit hert sa fre, To maria magdalene. c 1400 Destr. Troy 525 ‘Now frynd’, quod pat faire, ‘as ye bene fre holden, Will ye suffer me to say, and the sothe telle ? ’ 1559 Mirr. Mag., Salisbury xviii, Vertuous life, fre hart and lowly mind. 1594 H. Willobie in Shaks. C. Praise 10 You must be secret, constant, free. 1604 Shaks. Oth. iii. iii. 199, I would not have your free and noble nature, Out of self-bounty, be abused. f b. Of studies : Liberal; =L. ingenux {ar/es). 1422 tr. Secrcta SecretPriv. Priv. (E. E. T. S.) 150 He sholde make his chyldryn to lerne fre Sciencis of Clergi. II. Released, loose, unrestricted. 5 . At liberty; allowed to go where one wishes, not kept in confinement or custody, f Free keep¬ ing— L. libera custodia. Also, released from con¬ finement or imprisonment, liberated. Phr. to set free, let go free, etc. (Also fig.) 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 206/2 And ii yere he was in free kepyng and disputed ayenst the Jewes. 1585 T. Washing¬ ton tr. Nicholay s Voy. 1. xx. 24 b, He wold .. set them at free deliverance. 1608 Shaks. Per. iv. vi. 107 O that the gods Would set me free from this unhallow’d place ! 1720 De Foe Capt. Singleton xvi. (1840) 269 We would let them go free, a 1721 Prior Love disarmed 25 Set an unhappy pris’ner free, Who ne’er intended harm to thee. 1824 Syd. Smith Wks. (1859) II. 37/2 We use no compulsion with un¬ tried prisoners. You are free as air till you are found guilty. 1871 Morley Voltaire 2 Calvin, .set free all those souls. b. Of animals: Not kept in confinement, at liberty to range abroad. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xii. 250 Godes foules and hus free bestes. 1697 Dryden YEneid vi. 889 Their Steeds around, Free from their Harness, graze the flow’ry Ground. 1844 A. B. Welby Poems (1867) 35 The round blue heaven is all thine own, O free and happy bird ! 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. 1 .312 Deer, as free as in an American forest, wandered there by thousands. 6 . Released from ties, obligations, or constraints upon one’s action. 1596 Shaks. Tam. Shr. 1. i. 142 Till by helping Baptista’s eldest daughter to a husband we set his youngest free for a husband, a 1605 Montgomerie Commend, of Love 1, I rather far be fast nor frie, Albeit I micht my mynd remove. 1606 Shaks. Ant. Cl. 11. v. 57 Free, madam ! no .. He’s bound unto Octavia. a 1721 Prior Song, ‘ Phillis, since FREE. 521 FREE. we* 18 We both have spent our stock of love, So conse¬ quently should be free. 1859 A utobiog. Beggar-boy 2 Since I was what may be termed a free man; or, in other words, since I became independent. b. Released or exempt from work or duty. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 11. 6^0 The Swain, who, free from Business and Debate, Receives his easy Food from Nature’s Hand. 1700 S. L. tr. Fry Zee's Voy. E. Ind. 300 They watch and are free by turns in the day-time, but at night they must all be in the Fort, a 1715 Burnet Own Time (1766) II. 37 Coleman had a whole day free to make his escape, c x8x8 Sir R. Peel in Croker Papers (1884) I. iv. 116 A fortnight hence I shall be free as air. 7 . Guiltless, innocent, acquitted. Const, from , of (a crime or offence). ? Obs. 1602 Shaks. Ham. in. ii. 252 Your Maiestie and wee that haue free soules, it touches vs not. Ibid. v. ii. 343 Laer. Mine and my Fathers death come not vpon thee, Nor thine on me. Ham. Heauen make thee free of it. 1637 Ruther¬ ford Let. 23 Sep. (1891) 521, I am free from the blood of all men, for I have communicated to you the whole counsel of God. 1657 R. Ligon Barbadoes( 1673) 3 A man that hath a free heart, and a good Conscience. 1678 Dryden & Lee CEdipus hi. i (end), My hands are guilty, but my heart is free. 8 . Of actions, activity, motion, etc.: Unimpeded, unrestrained, unrestricted, unhampered. Also of persons : Unfettered in their action. a 1300 Cursor M. 13079 pe king J>am lete haf fre entre. c 1400 Lanfrone's Cirurg. 152 pe necke schal nevere have his free mevynge. 1463 Bury Wills (Camden) 22 Fre owth goyng and in comyng. 1535 Coverdale 2 T/iess. iii. 1 That the worde of God maye haue fre passage. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. in. ii. 86 We shall haue the freer woing at M r Pages. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 292 That the water may have free passage to all parts. 1655 Fuller Ck. Hist. v. iii. § 62 Whilst each Bishop in his respective Diocesse, Priest in his Parish, were freer than formerly in execution of their Office. 1664 H. More Myst. Ittiq. Apol. 552 As if one, while his friend was stooping, should fetch a freer stroke at their common Enemy. 1713 Berkeley Guardian No. 49 f 7 [A] library that I have free access to. X791 Mrs. Kadcliffe Rom. Forest vi, Her dress, which was loosened for the purpose of freer respiration. X828 Ld. Grenville Sink. Fund p. viii, Without the free examination of previously received opinion, no branch of human knowledge can ever be advanced. 1851 Ruskin Stones Ven. xvii. (1874) I. 188 They have free admission of the light of Heaven. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 112 The various passions are allowed to have free play. b. phr. (To have or give) a free hand : liberty of action in affairs that one has to deal with. So to have one's hands free. 1869 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) III. xiv. 329 Harold thus had his hands free. 1890 J. Corbett Drake ix. 117 He was given a free hand to act against the East and West India convoys. 1895 Col. Maurice in United Service Mag. July 414 No one ever had, in the composition of any history. .a freer hand or more ample resources. c. with to and inf. : At liberty, allowed, or per¬ mitted to do something. Also, + permitted by one’s conscience, feeling it right to do something. c X386 Chaucer Wife's Prol. 49, I am free To wedde, a goddes half, wher it lyketh me. 1666 Pepys Diary 1 May, Thomas Pepys did come to me, to consult about, .his being a Justice of the Peace, which he is much against .. [He] tells me, as a confidant, that he is not free to exercise punishment, .against Quakers and other people, for religion. 1667 Milton P. L. iii. 99, I made him just and right, Sufficient to have stood, though free to fall. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. iii. 31 Privateers are not obliged to any Ship, but free to go ashore where they please. 1812 H. & J. Smith Horace in Loud. 83 He’s free to sow discord in German plantations. 1818 Scott Heart Midi, xix, If ye arena free in conscience to speak for her in the court of judicature. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop xxxi, She was free to come and go. 1876 Smiles Sc. Natur. iii. (ed. 4) 59 Some occupation that would leave him freer to move about. d. Not fettered in judgement; unbiased, open- minded. 1653 H. More Antid. AtJi. \. xi. (1712) 35, I appeal to any free Judge. Ibid. iii. xvi. (1712) 141 His own words are so free and ingenuous. 1686 Burnet Trav. i. (1750) 60, I wish they had larger and freer Souls. e. Showing absence of constraint or timidity in' one’s movements. 1849 James Woodman vii, The traveller came forward with a bold, free step. 9 . Of literary or artistic composition, etc.: Not observing strict laws of form ; (of a translation, copy, etc.) not adhering strictly to the original. 18x3 Tytler Ess. Princ. Transl. (ed. 3) 231 The limits between free translation and paraphrases. 1821 Craig Led. Drawing vii. 406 A free and tasteful expression of the minute forms in landscape. 1844 Stanley Arnold I. iii. 142 Any mistake of grammar or construction, however dex¬ terously concealed in the folds of a free translation. 1869 Ouseley Counterp. xv. 97 When, .it becomes impossible to follow exactly all the intervals proposed .. The imitation is then said to be Free, or Irregular. 10 . Allowable or allowed (to or for a person to do something); open or permitted to. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 216 If that which we have learned, be free for every man to know. 16x8 Bolton Florus To Rdr., Be it free, with reverence and modesty, to note over-sights. 1641 J. Jackson True Eyang. T. 1. 44 It was free to every one to bastinado a Christian where he met him. 1667 Milton P. L. iv. 747 Defaming as impure what God declares Pure, and commands to some, leaves free to all. 1709 Hearne Collect. 4 Apr., Y e Copy was. .free to y« View of any one. 1796 Burke Let. Noble Ld. Wks. VIII. 32 His Grace may think as meanly as he will of my deserts .. It is free for him to do so. 1846 Trench Mirac. xxxii. Vol. IV. (1862) 452 The ' twelve legions of Angels whom it was free to Him to summon to his aid. b. Open to all competitors ; open for all. Free fight : a fight in which all and sundry engage pro¬ miscuously. 1870 Lowell Study Wind. 430 The affair became what they call on the frontier a free fight. 1872 Mark Twain Innoc. Abr. xvii. 114 The sailors of a British ship .. challenged our Sailors to a free fight. 1881 Chicago Times xi June, The grand free-for-all horse race, open to the world. 1887 Spectator 4 June 759/2 English riots are mere free- fights, begun without special premeditation. 11 . Of a space, way, passage, etc.: Clear of ob¬ structions, open, unobstructed. So of air = freely- circulating, in which one breathes freely. c 1250 Gen. Sf Ex. 3244 On twel doles delt ist 5 e se, xii. wei^es <$er-in ben fahjer and fre. a 1300 Cursor M. 5932 (Gott.) Froskis .. al )>e erde pai couerd sua, A man miht noght fre sett his ta. 1596 Shaks. Tam. Shr. 1. ii. 233 Are not the streets as free For me as for you ? 1671 Narborough Jml. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1711) 145 They did meet with no Ice, but a free and open Sea. 1697 Dryden Vbg. Georg. 1. 47 Where in the Void of Heav’n a Space is free, Betwixt the Scorpion and the Maid for thee. Ibid. iv. 424 They stop his Nostrils, while he strives in vain To breath free Air. 1808 Scott Marm. 1. iv, And quickly make the entrance free. 1856 Kane Ard. Expl. I. iii. 35 The wind off shore—with much free water. 1878 Patmore Tamerton Church-Tozver 1. 9 Our weary spirits flagg’d beneath The still and loaded air; We left behind the freer heath. 12. Clear of (something which is regarded as objectionable or an encumbrance). Const, of, from. <11300 Cursor M. 5923 Ne was in hus na vessel fre pat watur hild, o stan ne tre, O J>is watur pat sua stanc. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xv. xlii. (1495) 503 Creta is an ylonde free and clene of venyme. 1670 Narborough Jml. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1711) 20 Every Man is com¬ manded to keep himself clean, and free from Lice. 1688 R. Holme Armoury iii. 236/2 A Woman all Hairy, no part of her Face free. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India <$• P. 117 These places are seldom free from Soldiers and Seamen. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters III. 120 There is hardly any mine, free from pyrite. 1854 G. B. Richardson Univ. Code v. (ed. 12) 4105, I can keep free with the pumps, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xix. 135 [Glacier) Ice, singularly free from air-bubbles. 1885 Law Times LXXIX. 176/1 The main travelling ways .. had been.. reported free from any accumulation of foul gas. 13. fa. Of a bird’s flight : Agile, swift. Obs. X657 R. Ligon Barbadoes (1673') 4 Her ordinary flying .. is commonly more free than the best Haggard Faulcon. Ibid., A kind of sea Hawk .. of a far freer wing, and of a longer continuance. b. Naut. Of the wind: Not adverse (see quot. 1867). 1840 R. If. Dana Bef. Mast xxv. 81 We had the wind free ..sail after sail the captain piled upon her. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., s. v. Freeing , To be free. Said of the wind when it exceeds 67° 30' from right-ahead. 1880 Daily Tel. 7 Sept., She is on the wrong tack, but the last puff was free, and helped her. 14. Of material things : Not restrained in move¬ ment, not fixed or fastened. To get free : to get loose (from something that restrains or encumbers), to extricate. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. i. 19 And, knitting all his force, got one hand free. 1667 Milton P. L. vii. 464 Now half ap¬ peared The tawny lion, pawing to get free His hinder parts. 1861 J. R. Greene Man. Anim. Kingd., Caelent. ii4The.. free zooids of the Lucernaridae. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. 11. x. § 82 (1875) 250 The pennant of a vessel lying becalmed first shows the coming breeze, .by gentle undula¬ tions that travel from its fixed to its free end. 1878 E. Prout in Grove Did. Mus. I. 40 The discovery of the free reed. X884 F. J. Britten Watch <$• Clockm ., Free Spring, a balance spring uncontrolled by curb pins. 1890 Boldre- wood Col. Reformer (1891) 149 The yacht, .with courses free. 15. Disengaged from contact or connexion with some other body or surface ; relieved from the pressure of an adjacent or superincumbent body. In Bot.y not adnate to other organs. Free-central : see quot. 1845. 1715 Leoni Palladio's Archit. (1742) II. 10 Making over the Architraves. .Arches that will bear the weight, and leave the Architraves free. 1830 R. Knox BeclarcTs Anat. 374 At the free surface of the mucous membrane. 1845 Lindley Sch. Bot. i. (1858) 16 If it [the placenta] grows in the middle of the ovary, without adhering to its sides, .it is called free central. 1861 Miss Pratt Flower. PI. I. 8 The anthers remaining separate, and being termed free. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 105 Carpels 1 or more, free or connate. 16. Chem.y etc. Uncombined. 1800 tr. Lagrange's Chem. I. 244 The nitric acid remains free in the liquor. 1851 Carpenter Man. Phys. (ed. 2) 51 By the decomposition of the carbonic acid, oxygen is set free. 1862 Anstf.d Channel Isl. iv. xx. (ed. 2) 464 A silicate of alumina^ with some free silica, and a trace of iron, c 1865 . Wylde in Circ. Sc. I. 148/2 A few grains of kaolin, .may e added to neutralise an excess of free acid. 17. Of power or energy: Disengaged, available for ( work ’. 1825 J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 662 The whole power of the engine would be expended in impelling itself and the ship .. and no free power would remain for freight. 1837 Brewster Magnet. 363 The action of the free fluid is in equilibrio with the external force. 1838 Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. I. 6 Free electricity is not under any circumstances conducted silently to the earth. 18. Of a material: Yielding easily to operation, easily worked, loose and soft in structure. Also free-working: see D. 1. a below. See also Free¬ stone, whence this sense prob. arises. x 573 in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) I. 174 Item for Ramsey stone free and ragge. 1676 Wood Life tOxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 353 Many flat stones, but being free and soft, their inscriptions are woren out. 1765 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 59 Even that kind of land that is most free and open in its nature, is found to be rendered more fertile by [fallow¬ ing]. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 106 This stone was capable of being thus wrought, and was so free to the tool. 1807 Vancouver Agric . Devon (1813) 11 It is generally called free, or Dunstone land. b. Of wood ; Without knots. (So free-sHtff: see D. 2.) 1678 [see Froughy 2]. 1770 Kuckahn in Phil. Trans. LX. 315 Out of any soft free wood, cut an artificial one. III. Characterized by spontaneity, readiness or profuseness in action. 19. Of a person, his will, etc.: Acting of one’s own will or choice, and not under compulsion or constraint; determining one’s own action or choice, not motived from without. (See also Freewill.) c 888 K. e spenser be nithing of pat pe lord es fre. 1611 Bible 2 Citron, xxix. 31 As many as were of a free heart. 1663 Butler Hud . 1. i. 496 For Saints themselves will sometimes be Of Gifts that cost them nothing, free. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 1. 84 The Tonquinese in general are very free to their Visitants, treat¬ ing them with the best cheer they are able to procure. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. iv, I was not very free of it, for my Store was not great. 1740 Garrick Lying Valet 11. Wks. 1798 I. 53 When he’s drunk, .he’s very free, and will give me any thing. 1871 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xviii. 185 Handsome in person and free of hand. b. Of a gift: Given out of liberality or genero¬ sity (not in return or requital for something else). c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 312 To fynde goode prestis bi fre almes of pe peple. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. i. 21 The messinger of this free felicitie. 1583 Fulke Defence xv. 403 The worde xapLap-a. .. signifieth.. ‘ a free gift', or a gift that is freely giuen .. wherof the Prouerbe is, what is so free as gift? 179X Gentl. Mag. LXI. 1. 411 Benefices are now, I might almost say never a free gift from a private patron. 22. Acting without restriction or limitation ; al¬ lowing oneself ample measure in doing something. 1578 Timme Cahiine on Gen. 86 Being convinced, .that he was too free in sinning. 1632 J. Hayward tr. Biondfs Erometia T47 That either too light, or too free feeding hath occasioned you this dreame. 1727 Pope Th. Var. Subj. Swift’s Wks. 1755 II. 1. 224 How free the present age is in 66 FREE. 522 laying taxes on the next. 1746 Berkeley Lett. Tar-water ii. § 9 The free use of strong fermented liquors. 1791 Gentl. Map. 26/2 Probably no divine made a freer use of the paro¬ nomasia than Dan. Featley. 1858 Hawthorne Fr. It. Jrnls. I. 191 He is .. free and careless in displaying his precious wares. 1884 Manch. Exam. 4 Apr. 4/5 At the close [of the market] the tone is easy, with free sellers. b. Free of or with : using or employing without reserve or restraint. 1632 Lithgow Trav. in. 92 He was so free of his stomacke to receive in strong liquor. 1653 Bogan Mirth Chr. Life 80 Grotius, the freest man of his tongue that ever I knew. 1700 S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 196 He was not free of his Discourse. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1757) II. 258 He gives us a Caution not to be too free with such Pre¬ parations. c. Unstinted as to supply, quantity, etc.; coming forth in profusion; administered without stint; abundant, copious. (Used with mixture of sense 8.) 1635 J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Banish'd Virg. 86 His wounded thigh by its free bleeding gave the .. eye occasion to suspect [etc.]. 1707 Hearne Collect. 21 July, After a free glass or two he happen’d to discourse. 1806 Med. Jml. XV. 217 A free stimulus given to the absorbent system. 1822-34 Good Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 244 The skin warm, the pulse free and forcible. 1887 Baring-Gould Gaverocks xii, A monthly rose that was a free bloomer. 23 . Frank and open in conversation or intercourse, ingenuous, unreserved ; also, in bad sense = over- free, forward, ‘familiar’, ready to ‘take liberties*. 1635 Quarles Embl. 1. iv. (1718) 18 If thou be free, she’s strange ; if strange, sh^s free. 1635 J. Hayward tr. Biondi s Banish'd Virg. 185 Beeing of a free nature, .quite forgot all circumspection. 1671 Narborough Jrnl.iu Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1711) 132 These Antipodes began to be somewhat bolder, and more free. 1693-4 Gibson in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 217 His Grace is very free and open. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 11. vi, I pressed him to be free and plain with me. 1775 Sheridan St. Pair. Day 11. ii, Not so free, fellow! 1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam. II. 171 Daring and free as was this young nobleman, with women whose principles were as free as his own. 1854 Hawthorne Eng. Note-bks. (1883) I. 464 A very able man, with the Western sociability and free-fellowship. 24 . To 7 nake (or be) free with : to adopt very familiar terms in one’s conversation or dealings with (a person); hence gen. and transf. to treat unceremoniously, take liberties with. Also Naut. y to approach boldly. 1708 Swift Abolit. Chr. Wks. 1755 II. 1. 84 Great wits love to be free with the highest objects ; and if they cannot be allowed a God to revile or renounce, they will speak evil of dignities. 1714 Addison Sped. No. 556 P 7, I was once like to have been run through the Body for making a little too free with my Betters. 1728 N. Salmon in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden' 361 The Itinerary of Antoninus I find all authors making free with, condemning it for blunders, and altering figures. 1783 Hist. Miss Baltimores II. 79 If I can infuse into Carleton’s ear, that Sedly and her ladyship make too free, he may..propose setting meas a watch over his wife’s conduct. 1803 Nelson 10 Aug. in Nicolas Disp. VIII. 155 You are. .to approach Toulon with great caution and not make too free with the entrance of the harbour. 1826 Disraeli Viv. Grey vi. i, He may with justice make free with our baggage. 1833 Ht. Martineau Vanderput SfS. i. 7 Rebuked him for being so free with the pastor. 1856 Reade Never too late 1 , I advise you not to make so free with your servants. 1858 Merc. Marine Mag. V. 226 You may make free with the .. shore to within half a cable’s length. 25 . Of speech: Characterized by liberty in the expression of sentiments or opinions; uttered or expressed without reserve; frank, plain-spoken. 1611 Tourneur Ath. Trag.v. ii. Wks. 1878 I. 148 With the free voice of a departing soule, I here protest this Gentlewoman cleare. 1625 Bacon Ess., Counsel (Arb.) 329 For else Counsellors will but take the Windeofhim; And in stead of giuing Free Counsell, sing him a Song of Placebo. 1680 H. More Apocal. Apoc. 107 Their free rebukes out of the word of God being very disquieting. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 493 P 1 The Mistress and the Maid shall quarrel, and give each other very free Language. 1794 Nelson 19 Mar. in Nicolas Disp. I. 375 Gave Lord Hood my free opinion that 800 troops, with 400 seamen, would take Bastia. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 66 The conversation at table was free; and the weaknesses of the prince whom the confederates hoped to manage were not spared. 1884 L. J. Jennings in Croker Papers I. viii. 238 Men used rather free expressions to each other .. in the days of the Regency. b. Not observing due bounds, ‘loose*, licentious. 1852 Thackeray Esmond in. iii, Where she .. listened to much free talk. 1859 Tennyson Enid 1140 Earl Limours Drank till he jested with all ease, and told Free tales. IV. Not burdened, not subject or liable, exempt; invested with special rights or privileges. 26 . (With const, front or of) : a. Released or exempt from, not liable to (e.g. a rule, penalty, payment). c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xvii. 26 Eornestlice pa barn senden frie. a 1300 Cursor M. 3240 O pi trout pan mak i pe fre. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. <$- Commw. 185 He is free from all tax and imposition. .all his life after. 1694 Locke Hum. Und. 11. xxi. § 60 (ed. 2), The will, free from the determina¬ tion of such desires, is left to the pursuit of nearer satisfac¬ tions. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 7 That the Roman Catholic, where the interests of his religion were con¬ cerned, thought himself free from all the ordinary rules of morality. b. Exempt from, having immunity from, not subject to (some circumstances or affection regarded as hurtful or undesirable). c X200 Ormjn i68i8patt Crist wass. .all pwerrt ut off sinne fre. c 1230 Hali Meid. 5 Freo ouer alle fram alle worldliche weanen. 1581 Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 55 Poetrie .. is the freest from thys obiection. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. iv. ix. § 2 The freer our minds are from all distempered affec¬ tions. 1611 Shaks. Wint. T. 1. ii. 264 These..Are such allow’d Infirmities, that honestie Is neuer free of. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India $ P. 35 When they feel themselves freest from Sickness. 1798 Ferriar Illustr. Sterne vi. 179 Our own writers are not free from this error. 1822 Lamb Elia Ser. 11. Confess. Drunkard , I am never free from those uneasy sensations. 1885 Manch. Exam. 21 May 5/3 These Highlanders are notoriously free from pulmonary con¬ sumption. 1895 Sir N. Lindley in Law Times Rep. LXXIII. 645/2 The point..appears to me..free from any real difficulty. 27. a. Exempt from, or not subject to, some particular jurisdiction or lordship, b. Possessed of certain exclusive rights or privileges. Used to designate franchises or liberties, as free chapel (see Chapel sb. 3 c); free chase = Frank chase ; free fishery (see Fishery 4 ); free martiage = Frank marriage ; free warren (see Warren). Free 77iiner (local): see quot. 18 S 3 . 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 474 Other holi churche was issent, that mid ri3te was so fre. 1375 Barbour Bruce 1. 164 Or as myn eldris forouch me Held it in freyast reawte. c 1483 Caxton Bk. Trav. 21 b, A cure of fre chapell. 1535 Cover- dale Josh. xx. 2 Giue amonge you fre cities .. y t they may be fre amonge you from the avenger of bloude. 1599 Sandys Europae Spec. (1632) 170 The Free-Cityes .. have all save some very few, enfreed themselves from the Pope. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. iii. § 11 Setting to sale the free-rights of the Church. 1641 Termcs de la Ley 168 Free marriage. 1669 Sc. Acts Chas. II 4 Tenements lands and fishings holden in frie burgage. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. xi. 317 He was a free Merchant, .by that name the Dutch and English in the East Indies, distinguish those Merchants who are not Servants to the Company. 1700 Tyrrell Hist. Eng. II. 1107 Their feoffees and Free-Tenants. 1703 Lond. Gaz. No. 3950/4 The several Regalties, Free-Fishenes, etc. 1723 Ibid. No. 6194/7 Elizabeth Smith..Free-Dealer. 1726 C. Kirkham {title), Two Letters..the First Shewing..the Rights and Privileges of Pourallees or Free-Hey. 1785 J. Phillips Treat. Inland Navig. p. xii, The defection of the Colonies, now the Free and United States. 1810 Sport¬ ing Mag. XXXVI. 26 The rights of free warren and free chace. 1843 James Forest Days v, No free-forester shall ever be arrested by our people, or on our land. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 44 The free towns of Liibeck, Bremen, and Hamburg. 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal Minings Free Miner, .a man born within the hundred of St. Briavels . .who has worked a year and a day in a mine. 1884 Law Times 31 May 78/2 A free miner made an application to the gaveller for a grant to him of one of the two gales. 28. Of real property: Held without obligation of rent or service, freehold. c 1290 Eng. Leg. I. 52/186 An hondret hidene of guod lond with hire he }af per pat hous, al-so freo in eche point ase he him-sulf it heold er. c 1440 York Myst. xxxii. 348 Armig. A place here beside lorde wolde I wedde-sette. Pilat. What title has pou per-to? is it pyne awne free? Armig. Lorde, fre be my fredome me fallis it. 1465 Poston Lett. No. 522 II. 224 Other x acres of fre londe. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon lxxxi. 249 Your landes oughte to be rendred to you franke and fre. 1587 in Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 180 Ladyes Crofte Mr. Losse free. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 492 She had conferred frankely vpon the people of Rome, a piece of medow ground .. which was her owne Free-land. 1701 Lond. Gaz. No. 3712/4 About 60 Acres of Meadow and Pasture Land, all Free Land. + b. Of property: At one’s own disposal. 06s. 1808 Forsyth Beauties Scotl. (1808) V. 144 A prohibition existed, .against marriage, unless where the young couple could show they possessed ^40 Scots of free gear. 29. Invested with the rights or immunities of admitted to the privileges of (a chartered company, corporation, city, or the like). Sometimes used simply, without of. 1496 Act 12 Hen. VII, c. 6 Merchants and Adventurers dwelling and being free within the City of London. 1553 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 215 He was made fre in myne yere. .Amnot I also a freeman? 1587 Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1311/1 Citizen of London, and free of the clothworkers. 1610 B. Jonson Alch. 1. iii, Free of the Grocers? 1651 Rec. Carpenters' Co. 4 Dec. in Jupp Hist. Acc. Comp. Carpenters (1887) 160 Whereas the ffree Sawiers have indited a fforreine sawier, etc. 1661 Pepys Diary 3 May, It was in his thoughts to have got me made free of the towne. 1688 Lond. Gaz. No. 2317/1 The Company of Free Fisher¬ men of Your River of Thames. 1690 Locke Govt. 11. vi. § 59 Is a Man under the Law of England? What made him Free of that Law? 1703 Lond. Gaz. No. 3944/4 He is a Free-Burgess of Colchester. 1712 Swift Jrnl. to Stella 18 Sept., It is necessary they snould be made free here before they can be employed. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 11. xiii. My horse fell, and made me free of the country, as they call it. 1766 Entick London IV. 239 The shop-keepers are obliged to be free of the city. 1859 C. Barker A ssoc. Princ. ii. 54 Persons not free of the craft. b. Hence : Allowed the use or enjoyment of (a place, etc.). 1687 Dryden Hind P. iii. 1245 He therefore makes all birds of every sect Free of his farm. 1713 Steele Guardian No. 53 P 2 Powel of the Bath is reconciled to me, and has made me free of his show. 1818 Keats Endymion iii. Poet. Wks. (1886) 139 And I was free of haunts umbrageous. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge x, Barnaby’s as free of the house as any cat or dog about it. 30. Said of workmen who are not members of a trade-union: also free labour = the labour of non-unionists. 1890 Times 17 Sept. 4/3 A free labour registration for the purpose of securing the services of men .. for work as free men without reference to any other combination. 1891 FREE. Spectator 17 Jan., The refusal of Union men to work with free-labourers. 31 . Exempt from restrictions in regard to trade ; allowed to trade in any market or with any com¬ modities ; open to all traders ; also, not subject to tax, toll, or duty. 1631 Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 38 Their Free-martes, or Markets. 1711 Shaftesb. Charac. (1737) I. 64 Nothing is so advantageous to it [trade] as a free-port. 1714 Fr. Bk. of Rates 2 The Privileges of Cities, Towns, Persons, Free-fairs, and other Exemptions. 1719 De Foe Criisoe 11. xiii, Having gotten a good acquaintance at Manilla, he got his ship made a free ship. 1753 Scots Mag. Mar. 110/2 Free ships render the merchandize on board free. 1842 Calhoun Wks. (1874) IV. 105 The act. .increased the list of free articles many-fold. 1858 Simmonds Did. Trade , Free public-house , one not belonging to a brewer; the landlord has therefore free liberty to brew his own beer, or purchase where he chooses. 1862 Latham Channel Isl. iii. xvii. (ed. 2) 400 It became a free port, and throve through its freedom. 32 . (In full free of cost, charge, or the like). Given or provided without payment, costless, gratuitous. Of persons: (Admitted, etc.) without payment. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholas's Voy. m.xviii. 104 To have free shot and cheare. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 357 Lazy Drones, without their Share of Pain, In Winter Quarters free, devour the Gain. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. xvii, You will carry me..to England, passage-free. 1830 Blackw. Mag. XXVIII. 400 Paid, .partly in victuals ; and partly in free tickets. 1836 Dickens Sk. Boz vi. (1850) 22/1 Books were bought, all the free-seat people provided therewith. 1852 Macaulay Jrnl. 15 Aug., I got a place among the free seats. 1856 Hawthorne Eng. Note-bks. (1883) II. 234 We went to the Haymarket Theatre, where Douglas Jerrold is on the free list. 1856 Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. i. 43 To every man. .who chose to ask for it, there was free fare and free lodging. 1894 Times (weekly ed.) 9 Feb. 113/2 An. .ap¬ plicant for a free pass over this company's lines of railway. b. Free school: ‘ a school in which learning is given without pay ’ (J.). It has been denied that this was the meaning of * free (grammar) school L. libera schola grammaticalis, as the official designation of many schools founded under Edw. VI. The denial rests on the two assertions (both disputable): that the Eng. phrase is a translation of the Latin, not the reverse; and that liber could not mean ‘ gratuitous * in mediaeval any more than in classical Latin. Many different interpretations of the adj. have been pro- osed : (1) exempt from ecclesiastical control; (2) exempted y licence from the operation of the statute of mortmain, and hence entitled to hold property (to a limited amount); (3) giving a liberal education ; (4) 4 privileged ’ or 4 author¬ ized ’. We have failed, however, to find any example in which the interpretation 4 gratuitous ’ is inadmissible (though the schools called 4 free ' were often gratuitous only to a select number or class of scholars); and there is abundant proof that this interpretation was already current before the time of Edw. VI. [1488 Will of Sir Edm. Sha7u (Som. Ho.), I woll that the said connyng Preeste kepe a Grammer scole contynually in the said Town of Stopforde [Stockport], .and that he frely without any. .salary asking, .except only my salary, .shall teach, etc.] 1494 Fabyan Chron. vi. clxxi. 165 He [King Alfred] ordeyned the firste grammer scole at Oxenforde, and other free scoles. 1500 Deed Found. Lancaster Grammar Sch. in National Obserz/er {i%q6) 3 Oct. 578 [The master shall be] a profound grammarian, keping a Fre Scole, teching .. the childer unto the utmost profitt, nothing taking therefor. 1503 Will of Sir John Percyvale (Macclesfield 1877) 5, I woll that the said preest shall alway kepe .. in the said Town of Maxfeld a Fre Grammar Scole. c 1512 Ordinance Agnes Mellers (MS. c. 1590) in Nottingham Rec. III. 453 [She founds at Nottingham] a Free Schole of one maister and Usher .. [They are forbidden to] take any other gift .. whereby the scollers or their friends should be charged but at the pleasure of the friends of the scholars, save the wages to be paid by the said Guardians. [1518 Stat. St. Pauls Sch. in Lupton Life Colet 271 John Colet. .in.. 1512 bylded a Scole in the Estende ofPaules church for 153 to be taught fre in the same.] 1548 Chantry Certif. No. 22 in A. F. Leach Eng. Schools at Reform. (1897) 82 The chauntry of Blakebroke.. Founded.. by licence obtained of Kinge Henry the Sixt to manteigne a discrete priest, .to kepe a gramer scoole half free, that ys to seye, taking of scolers lerning gramer 8 d. the quarter, and of others lerning to rede 4 d. the quarter. 1583 Stubbes Anat. Abus. 11. (18821 19 Be there not. .free schooles, where youth may bee brought vp in learning Gratis without any charges to their parents? 1599 Will of P. Blundell (founding Tiverton Grammar School) in Rept. Comm. Char. 1820 III. App. 136 My meaning is yt shall be for ever a Free Schole and not a Schole of exaction. 1673 Essex Papers (Camden) I. 116 There is also a free schoole setled att Carickfergus, which is maintained by the Bishop, Clergy, &c. 1699 Phil. Trans. XXI. 441 A State-House, and a Free-School. 1727 Stat. Bury Gramiit. School (Bury 1863), I have ordered my Free Schole of Bury to be free to all boys born in the parish .. yet my intent is..not to debar [the masters] from that common priviledg in all Free Scholes of receiving presents, benevolences, gratuities from the scholars. 1759 Goldsm. Bee No. 6§ 1 P4 The manner in which our youth of London are at present educated is, some in free schools in the city, but the far greater number in boarding schools about town. 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer. III. 164 One needs but go from a charity-school in an English county to a free-school in Massachusetts, to see [etc.]. 1838 Dickens O. Twist vii, It’s a poor boy from the free-school. 1842 — Amer. Notes (1850) 113/1 Its free-schools, of which it has so many that no person’s child among its population can, by possi¬ bility, want the means of education. transf. 1589 R. Harvf.y PI. Perc . 10 A free schoole of skolds shalbe set vp for the nonce. + B. sb. Obs. 1 . The adj. used absol. c 1300 Beket 221 The crie was sone wide couth among thue and freo. c 1320 Sir Tristr. 3153 po folwed bond and fre. c 1350 Will Palerne 5514 Feipful. .to fre & to [ewe. 523 FREE. FREE. 2 . A person of noble birth or breeding; a knight or lady. (In OS. poetry fri neut. (prob. orig. adj. with ellipsis of wif) is used in the sense of ‘ lady', or ME. Burd ; the same use occurs once in OE. in a passage known to be translated from OS. (quot. a 1000 below).] a 1000 Caedmon's Gen. 457 (Gr.)Freo fae?;roste. c 1320 Sir Trislr. 3046 Ysonde men called \>at fre, Wib \>e white hand. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. B. 929 1 penne fare forth ’, quoth \>at fre [an angel], c 1350 Will. Palerne 505 Whan be fre was in pe forest founde in his denne. c 1380 Sir Femmb. 3441 panne saide Roland to pat fry: ‘ Damesele, pow spekest ful cor- tesly.* c 1460 Towne ley Myst. (Surtees) 268 Well I wote that it was he My lord Jesu ; he that betrayde that fre Sore^ may he rew. a\ 549 Muming Maidin 14 in Lane- hams Let. (1871) Pref. 150, I followit on that fre, That semelie wes to se. C. adv. In a free manner, freely: used in the different senses of the adj. In educated use now only techn . or arch., and chiefly in contexts where it admits of being interpreted as adj. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Worcester ii, That truth vnshent should speake in all thinges fre. 1613 Shaks Hen. VIII, m. i. 82, I as free forgiue you As I would be forgiuen. 1681 Dryden Abs. A chit. 202 Achitophel.. Disdain’d the golden Fruit to gather free. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 321 So as the Plumb-line play free in the Groove. 1709 Strype Ann. Ref. I. ii. 61 This subsidy was extreamly free and readily ranted. 1776 G. Semple Building in Water 105 The Tiddle of the Current of the River, runs the freest. 1850 Mrs. Browning Rom. Page xxxiv, The knight smiled free at the fantasy. 1885 Law Times LXXX. 101/1 An adjoin¬ ing pulley which ran free. b. Without cost or payment. Often with gratis added. Scot free : see Scot. 1568 V. Skinner, tr. Mont anus ’ Inquisit . 35 b, Escape scotte free. 1682 in Picton L'fool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 252 Hee was admitted free gratis. 1774 Ibid. (1886) II. 195 Admitted to the freedom free gratis. Mod. The gallery will be open free on Saturdays. c. Naut. (To sail, go, etc.) free : i.e. with bow¬ lines slackened and sheets eased; farther from the wind than when close-hauled. 1812 Examvier 12 Oct. 649/2 Both keeping up a heavy fire and steering free. 1839 Marryat Pliant. Ship xii, We were going about four knots and a half free. 1883 Harper's Mag. Aug. 447/2 A boat, .with ability to fetch to windward and to run free. D. Comb . 1 . a. with ppl. adjs. where free is either adverbial or enters into parasynthetic combinations, as + free- bestowed, -bred, -footed, t -franchised, garmented, t -miened, -minded, {-mindedness'), -mouthed, -moving, -spirited, -swimming, -tongued, -working. 1583 Golding Calvin on Deut. xiii. 75 Through his owne *freebestowed goodenesse. 1599 Marston Sco. Villanieu. vi. 201 Oh indignity To my respectless *free-bred poesie. 1602 Shaks. Ham. in. iii. 26 For we will Fetters put vpon this feare, Which now goes too *free-footed. 1681 Cotton Wond. Peak (ed. 4) 28 In these Tree franchis’d, subterranean caves. 1848 Hare Guesses Ser. 11. (1859) 34 1 The sayings of the * free-garmented folks in Julius Cesar could not have come from the close-buttoned generation in Othello. 1647 Stapylton Juvenal 215 They’r *free-mein’d, gallants, and fine gentlemen. 1597 Bacon Ess., Regiment of Health (Arb.) 58 To be *free minded and chearefully disposed at howers of meate and of sleepe and of exercise. 1834 T. Moore Mem. (1856) VII. 41 As if they were more high and free-minded from having slaves to trample upon. 1579 Knewstub Confutation 68 b, Out of the *free mindednes of their heat [? heart]. 1647 H. More Song of Soul 11. iii. 111. lviii, Mirth, and Free-mindednesse, Simplicitie. 1862 Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) VII. lxii. 403 A vain pretence of *free-mouthed patriotism. 1835-6 Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 688/1 The *free-moving young have very well developed eyes. 1677 Gale Crt. Gentiles iv. 429 Princes .. ought to be *freespirited, generose, liberal. 1735 Berkeley Def. Free-thinking in Math. § 8 Many free-spirited inquiries after truth. 1894 Pop. Sci. Monthly June 272 A pelagic or ^free-swimming Ascidian. 1599 Massinger, etc. Old Law iv. ii, A *free-tongued woman, And very excellent at telling secrets. 1877 Dowden Shaks. Prim. vi. 141 The free- tongued girls of Cleopatra. ^ a i6i9^Fotherby Atheom. 1. xiii. § 1 (1622) 135 Both wittingly, and willingly, by a *free- working will. 1793 Smeaton Edy stone L. § 98 Portland, or some other free working stone. 1892 J. C. Blomfield Hist. Heyford 3 Light or free-working land may be ploughed more easily than that which is stiff and heavy. b. in derivative combinations based upon some recognized phrase in which the adjective is em¬ ployed, as free-agency, -citizenship , -pressism, etc. (after free agent, free citizen, free press, etc.). 1786 Burke W. Hastings Wks. 1842 II. 205 The restora¬ tion of the Mogul, .to his *free-agency in the conduct of his affairs, i860 Pusey Min. Pioph. 324 He so wills to be freely loved, .that He does not force our free-agency. 1849 Grote Greece 11. lxix. (1862) VI. 216 To Xerxes, the con¬ ception of *free-citizenship. .was. .incomprehensible. 1856 Tait's Mag. XXIII. 698 Our Tree pressism is one of our peculiarities. c. in secondary combination with a verbal or agent noun (where free seems partly adverbial, qualifying the action understood), as free-acting, -handler, -handling, -seeker, -speaker, -speaking, -writer, -writing. So Free-liver, -thinker, etc. *738-41 Warburton Div. Legat. App. 41 ’Tis the punish¬ ment of Tree-acting to fear where no fear is. 1862 F. Hall Hindu Philos. Syst. 157 The sanctimonious vocabulary of Tree-handlers and secularists. 1875 E. White Life in Christ 11. xii. (1878) 144 If you will but nullify by criticism and *free-handling the truth on Atonement. 1693 Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) III* 56 A new sect is started up here called the *Freeseekers. 1716 Addison Drummer 1. 10 I’m a Free-thinker, Child. Ab. I am sure you are a * Free-speaker! 1660 Trial Regie. 40 Let there be *free-speaking by the Prisoner and Councef. 1711 Shaftesb. Charac. (1737) I. 65 In the case of many zealots, who have taken upon ’em to answer our modern Tree-writers. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. 11. § 6 In this most wise and happy age of Free-thinking, Free-speaking, * Free-writing, and Free-acting. 2. In spec, phrases, etc.: f free alms = frank almoign (see Almoign) ; free-chant Mus. (see quot.); free companion (see quot. and cf. Free lance); so free company; + free fish (see quot.); free grace, the unmerited favour of God (whence t free gracian) ; f free holly (see quot.); free love, the doctrine of the right of free choice in sexual relations without the restraint of marriage or other legal obligation; whenc zfree-lover, -loving , - lovism, etc.; free-milling a. Alining (of ores) easily reducible; free part Alns. (see quot.); free-stock (see quot. 1763 ) ; free-stuff Building (see quot.); + free suitor, one of the tenants entitled to attend a manorial court; + free ward, ? L. libera custodia, detention not involving close or ignominious restraint (hence free-warder) ; + free-work, ? decorative mason-work. i 5 ° 3 _ 4 Act 19 Hen . VII, c. 29 Preamb., To hold, .ofyour Highnesse and of your heyres in Tree & perpetuall Aimes. 1628 Coke On Litt. 97 a ? Free almes, (which was free from any limitation of certaintie). 1876 Stainer & Barrett Diet . Mus. Terms, * Free chant is a form of recitative music for the Psalms and Canticles, in which a phrase, consisting of two chords only, is applied to each hemistich of the words. 1820 Scott Ivanhoe viii, A knight who rode near him, the Jeader of a band of *Free Companions, or Condottieri; that is, of mercenaries belonging to no particular nation, but attached for the time to any prince by whom they were paid. 1872 Ruskin Fors Clav. II. xv. 11 A soldier in one of these Tree companies. 1602 Carew Cornwall 31 a, After Shell-fish succeedeth the Tree-fish, so termed, because he wanteth this shelly bulwarke. 1651 C. Cartwright Cert. Relig. 1. 108 How many, O Lord, doe with Pelagius fight for Free-will against Thy *Free-grace ? 1871 Carlyle in Mrs. Carlyle's Lett. I. 380 [She] was filled with the con¬ sciousness of free grace. 1647 Saltmarsh Sparkl. Glory (1847) H 1 The *Free-Gracian. They that have discovered up into free-grace or the mystery of salvation [etc.]. 1610 Guillim Heraldry iii. vii. 108 There is a kinde of Holly that is void of these Prickles .. and therefore called *Free-holly, which in my opinion is the best Holly. 1859 Holland Gold F. vi. 96 The Tree-love doctrines and free- love practices of the day. 1872 Tennyson Last Tourna¬ ment 275 ‘ Free love—free field—we love but while we may.’ 1872 F. Hall Recent Exempt. False Phil. 89 *Free-lovers may, with good reason, look up. 1879 Gf.o, Eliot Thco. Such xviii. 318 Affection which lifts us above emigrating rats and *free-loving baboons. 1864 Realm 17 Feb. 3 Advocates of *free-lovism, who believe the great evil of the world to be the indissolubility of marriage. 1895 City Review 3 July 3/2 *Free milling ores are usually obtained from the auriferous quartz lying near the surface. 1876 Stainer & Barrett Diet. Mus. Terms, *Free-parts, ad¬ ditional parts to a canon or fugue, having independent melodies, in order to strengthen or complete the harmony. 1719 London & Wise Compl. Gard. iv. 52 It should be Grafted on a Quince-stock, because on a ^Free-Stock the Fruit grows spotted, small, and crumpled. 1763 J. Wheeler Botan. <5* Gard. Diet. s. v. Pyrus, All the sorts propagated in gardens are. produced by budding, or grafting them upon stocks of their own kind; which are commonly called free-stocks. .1823 P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 223 *Frce Stuff, that timber or stuff which is quite clean, or without knots. 1620 Wilkinson Courts Leet fy Baron 108 Then call the Tree suitors and dozonors one after another. c 1640 J. Smyth Lives Berkeleys (1883) I. 195 Which in the Court of this Lord in Radclive street shee denyed ; where¬ upon the freesuters there gave iudgment vpon his life. 1637 Rutherford Let. 23 Sep. (1891) 523 My spirit also is in *free ward. Ibid. 17 Sep. (1891) 516 Jesus hath a back- bond of all our temptations, that the free-warders shall come out by law and justice, in respect of the infinite and great sum that the Redeemer paid, a 1718 Penn Tracts Wks. 1726. I. 726 Sculpture, *Free-work, inlayings and Painted Windows. Free (frf), v. Pa. t. and pa. pple. freed. [OE. frfon, freozfe'an, — MHG. vrijen, ON. fria,fria OTeut. *frijejan, f. * fri jo- Free a .] 1 . trails. To make free; to set at liberty; to re¬ lease or deliver from bondage or constraint. ciooo PL\A-*\zLev. xxv. 10 On ]?am forgifenisse geareman sceal freogan adene beowan. c 1205 Lay. 882 Ich hine wille freoien }if he me }efe 5 gersume. c 1250 Gen. $ Ex. 2787 Nu am ic li^t to fren hem 3 e 5 en, And milche and huni;e lond hem queften. a 1300 Cursor M. 16942 pan war we frehed all. c 1470 Hf.nry Wallace viii. 1580 Thai frede the folk, in Ingland for to gang. 1513 Douglas AEtteis x. xiii. heading, Lausus. .Quhilk fred his fader hurt in the bargane. 1572 Satir. Poems Reform, xxxi. 108 France will haif hir brocht hame Quene And fred out of Ingland. 1611 Bible 2 Macc. ii. 22 They, .freed the citie, and vpheld the lawes. 1639 S. Du Verger tr. Camus' Admir. Events 23 Like a furious Tigres. .seeking to free her young ones. 1693 Dryden Persius' Sat. v. 182 Canst thou no other Master understand Than him that freed thee by the Pretor’s Wand. 1841 Lane Arab. Nts. I. 64 He who beats his slave without fault..his atonement for this is freeing him. 1865 Kingsley Hereto, xxi. 267 Then he freed one of these four men. b. Const. from, + of c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 103 He ben panne fried of pe deueles pralshipe. 1340 Ayeub. 262 Ac vri ous uram queade. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 284 The Portugals .. not onely freed that their Castle from Turkish bondage, but had meanes to fortifie it better. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. in. xl. 250 Till the Israelites were freed from the Egyptians. 1736 Butler Anal. 1. vi. Wks. 1874 I. 116 Freed from the restraints of fear, 1816 J. Wilson City of Plague in. i, They all died in ignorance of the plague That freed them from their cells. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 234 A philosophy which could free the mind from the power of abstractions. 2 . To relieve or deliver from, rid or ease of (a burden, obligation, inconvenience); to exempt from (payment, tribute, etc.), confer immunity upon. + In early use chiefly, to exempt (a church, etc.) from feudal services or exactions. O. E. Citron, an. 777, Seo kyning freode pa pset mynstre Wocingas wiS cining & wiS biscop & wi 3 eorl & wio ealle men. c 1205 Lay. 10213 Freoden alle pe chirchen. c 1425 Found. St. Bartholomezu's (E. E. T. S.) 16 Or ony othir chirche yn all Inglonde that is most y-freid. 1530 Pai.sgr. 558/1, I free a marchandyse or person that shulde paye a somme or tale. Je quitte. 1573 Satir. Poems Reform. xii. 80 Thocht of this feir thow salbe fred. 1598 Hakluyt Voy. I. 172 The said marchants should be exempted and freed from all custome and imposition of small clothes. 1630 R. Johnsons Kingd. <$* Commw. 95 If it be a blessing .. to be freed from corrupt and absurd cere¬ monies. 1748 A nsou's Voy. 11. ii. 137 We were now freed from the apprehensions of our provisions falling short. 1761 Hume Hist. Eng. II. xxvii. 123 He freed their subjects from all oaths of allegiance. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) III. 31-1 The lands would be held of nobody, and freed from all feudal services. 1842 A. Combe Physiol. Digestion (ed. 4) 74 From all these inconveniences we are entirely freed. 1866 Crump Banking ix. 198 That Bank of England notes should be freed from stamp duty. 1874 Green Short Hist. iv. § 2. 171 The towns had long since freed themselves from all payment of the dues, .exacted by the King. fb. intr. To free with : = i To dispense with* (see Dispense v. 9 ). Obs. 1561 Abp. Parker Corr. (1853) 126 If that this young stu¬ dent had a dispensation for the delay of his orders-taking, yet he were not freed vvith for his laity and the bishop might repel him at his institution. f c. trans. To grant immunity from the opera¬ tion of a thing; to make safe or secure from. Obs. 1611 Shaks. Wint. T. iv. iv. 444 Thou Churle, for this time (Though full of our displeasure) yet we free thee From the dead blow of it. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (16j4) 311 Chederles hereby freed from death. 1659 D. Pell Inipr. Sea 382 There are but few Trees .. that are free’d from the Thunder, save the Lawrel. d. To relieve or rid of the presence of a person. Const, from, of. 1580 Sidney Arcadia, ii. (1590) 134 Meaning to free him of so serpentine a companion as I am. a 1639 Spottis- wood Hist. Ch. Scotl. (1677) 74 How soon the Cardinal was freed of the Earl of Lenox, he [etc.] 1821 Scott Kenilw. ix, Desirous to get her house freed of her guest. 1833 Ht. Martineau Fr. Wines <5* Pol. viii. 129 The gentleman soon chose to free the family of his presence. 1844 H. H. Wil¬ son Brit. India III. 124 To free his rear from a force which cut off his communication with Rangoon. + e. To clear from blame or stain ; to show or declare to be guiltless; to absolve, acquit. Obs. *593 Shaks. Lucr. 1208 My life’s foul deed, my life’s fair end shall free it. 1611 — Wint. T. iii. ii. 112 Mine Honor Which I would free. 1611 Bible Rom. vi. 7 He that is dead, is freed from sinne. f. To relieve, unburden (one’s mind). 1869 Trollope He knew, etc. I. xxvi. 204 ‘It is a matter in which I am bound to tell you what I think ’. * Very well. If you have freed your mind, I will tell you my purpose ! * 3 . To clear, disengage, or disentangle (a thing) from some obstruction or encumbrance. Const. from, of. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 759 Faire and open grounds, freed from woods. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iii. 835 Nor cou’d their tainted Flesh with Ocean Tides Be freed from Filth. 1796 Mrs. Glasse Cookery w ii. 280 Take six pounds of young pork, free it from bone and skin. 1820 Keats St. Agnes xxvi, Of all its wreathed pearls her hair she frees. 1837 Goring & Pritchard Microgr. 203 For freeing the gases of their impurities. 1886 Law Times LXXX. 213/2 Has anyone ever succeeded in freeing a ship at sea in a warm latitude from cockroaches ? b. Naut. (See quot. 1627.) 1627 Capt. Smith Seamans Gram. vi. 27 Free the Boat is to bade or cast out the water. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine 11780) Ss, There is no resource for the crew, except to free her by the pumps. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s. v., To free a punip, to disengage or clear it. 1892 Law Times Rep. LXV. 590/1 A ship..fouled her propeller, and it became necessary to put her upon the ground in order to free it. C. To get (oneself) loose, disengage, extricate. 1659 D- Pell Impr. Sea 507 Till you have got up your Anchors, and freed yourselves from the shore. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 37 Its parts will be. .agitated, and so by degrees free and extricate themselves from one another. 1852 Miss Yonge Cameos I. xxxv. 301 Having freed himself from his difficulties. + d. To open so as to allow free passage. Obs. 1690 Dryden Don Sebast. iv. i, This master Key Frees every Lock, and leads us to his Person. 1700 — Cymon Iphigetiia 285 Hast’ning to his prey, By force the furious lover free’d his way. 14 . To remove so as to leave the place clear, banish, get rid of. Obs. 1599 Daniel Octavia to Antonius li, Free thine owne torment, and my griefe release. 1605 Shaks. Macb. iii. vi. 35 We may againe .. Free from our Feasts, and Banquets bloody kniues. 1611 — Cymb. in. vi. 80 Bel. He wrings at some distresse. Gui. Would I could free’t. 1613 Hey- wood Brazen Age 11. ii. Wks. 1874 III. 239 By these all his stor’d labours he hath sent To call him home, to free her discontent. 1638 F ord Fancies 11. ii, Free suspicion, t b. Naut. To bale out (water) from a ship. 1624 Cai r. Smith Virginia in. v. 56 We kept her [a Barge] from sinking by freeing out the water. 66-3 FREE AND EASY. 524 FREEDOM. + 5 . To leap orget clear over, clear (a ditch, etc.). Cf. F .franchir. Obs. 1653 Urquhart Rabelais 1. xxiii, He. .made him [a horse] ..free the ditch with a skip. 1785 Burns Death <$• Dr. Hornbook iii, I stacher’d whyles, but yet took tent ay To free the ditches. 1799 Hist, in New Ann. Reg. 299/1 Rally¬ ing such of his troops as had been able to free these abysses. + 6. To frank (a letter) : see Frank vf 1. Obs. 1775 Johnson Let. to H. Thrale Feb., Please to free this letter to Miss L. Porter at Lichfield. 1823 Mirror I. 410/2 Those who do not free their letters. 7 . Lead-mining. To register (a new mine, vein, etc.) by making the customary specified payment to the barmaster. Also, to free for. 1601 High Peak Art. Iii. in Mander Derbysh. Min. Gloss. (1824) 131 If any Miner, .do free or pay a Meare. 1653 Manlove Lead-Mines 51 (E. D. S.) First the finder his two meers must free With oar there found, for the Barghmaster’s fee. 1747 Hooson Miners Diet. s. v. Break-off, I am obliged to Free for a new Vein, or Forfeit the same to the Lord. 1851 Act 14 $ 15 Vic. c. 94 Sched. i. § 12 If any Miner shall work any Mine or Vein without having duly freed the same. 8. intr. (See quot.) ? U.S. 1889 Century Diet., Free, intrans., To make free; take liberties : followed by with. [Colloq.] Hence Freed ppl. a. 1710 Pope Windsor For. 407 The freed Indians in their native groves. 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Ainer. II. 116 The freed slave. Free and easy, adjectival phr., (adv.) and sb. A. adjectival phr. Unconstrained, natural, un¬ affected ; also, careless, slipshod. 1699 Lister Journ. Paris 41 In a very free and easie posture. 1711 Addison Spect. No. 119 p 3 The fashionable World is grown free and easy. 1756 R. Baron Pref. Milton's Eikon ., In the book before us his style is for the most part free and easy. 1861 Hughes Tom Broivn at Oxf. viii, I don’t think he has ever got back since that day to his original free-and- easy swagger. 1864 N ewman Apologia 134 ,1 had a lounging free-and-easy way of carrying things on. b. quasi-a^z;. 1772 Hutton Bridges 83 Arches, .over large waters, which with their navigation pass free and easy under them at the same time. Hence Free-and-easiness. 1868 Holme LeeZ>. Godfrey xxxiv. 184 Belle and Blanche . .were well-bred free-and-easiness personified. B. sb. A convivial gathering for singing, at which one may drink, smoke, etc. 1823 in ‘Jon Bee’ [J. Badcock] Slang. 1832 Examiner 460/1 The prisoner was a frequenter of Free and Easys. 1878 Besant & Rice Celias Arb. xxxvi. (1887) 264 The Blue Anchor, .where there was a nightly free-and-easy for soldiers and sailors. Free bench. Law. Also free bank. (See quot. 1670.) 1670 Blount Law Did., Free-bench .. signifies that estate in Copihold Lands which the Wife, being espoused a Virgin, hath, after the death of her Husband, for her Dower, according to the custom of the Mannor. 1714 Sped. No. 614 P 16 The Steward is bound by the Custom to re-admit her to her Free-Bench. 1764 Kirby Suffolk Trait, (ed. 2) 27 To hold in Name of Free-bank. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2 ) I. 328 If the widow be entitled to the whole of the copyhold, as her free bench, she may enter immediately. Free-board (frrbo/ x. (1652) 128 His own subjects free-denized in America. 1630 Lennard tr. Charron's Wisd. 1. xxxvii. § 10 (1670) 123 The Son of God .. being come to secure and free-denize the world. t Free-de'nizen, sb. Obs. = Denizen 2, 2 b. 1576 [see Denizen 2]. 1587 Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1348/2 Peter Moris free denison, having made an engine for that purpose, a 1640 Jackson Wks. (1673) III. 619 As often as any good or harm did happen to any Citizen or Free- denizon thereof, a 1653 [see Denizen 2 b]. + Free-de*nizen, v. Obs. = Denizen v. i. 1619 T. Milles tr. Mexia's Treas. Anc. # Mod. Times II. 910/2 The Irish language became free-denizened in the English Pale. 1655 Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 202 No worldly respects can free-denison a Christian here. Free dman, [f. freed, pa. pple. of Free v. + Man sb.~] A man who has been a slave and is manumitted, an emancipated slave. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 245 Optatus his freed man (who sometime had bin a slaue of his). 1794 Sullivan View Nat. II. 63 The freedman of Tiberius. 1834 Lytton Pompeii 1. i, He thinks, .to make us forget that he is the son of a freedman. 1870 Whittier Soc, Friends Pr. Wks. 1889 III. 307 The Freedmen and Indians. Freedom (frrdom). Forms : 1 fr6od6m, fry- dom, 3-4 freodom, -dam, 4 south . vridom, 2-6 fredom(e, 4-5 fre(e)dam, (4 fredame), 6-7 free- dome, 7 freedoom, Sc. friedome, 4- freedom. [OE. frtodom : see Free a . and -dom.] 1. Exemption or release from slavery or imprison¬ ment ; personal liberty. J* Letter of freedom : a document emancipating a slave. c 1230 HaliMeid. 5 Nis ha J?enne sariliche. .akast & in to pewdom idrahen, pat fram se muchel hehscipe & se seli freo¬ dom schal lihte se lahe in to a monnes peowdom. 1382 Wyclif Dent. xv. 13 And whom with freedam thow 3yuest, thou shalt not suffre to goon awey voyd. 1596 Spenser F. Q. v. v. 57 Thus he long while in thraldome there remayned .. Untill his owne true love his freedome gayned. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 295 They will write anything for monie, as letters of freedome for servants to runne away from their Masters. 1659 D. Pf.ll Impr. Sea 298 Taken by the Turks, and. .have set their heads on work how to get their freedoms again. 1782 Cowper Charity 172 Neither age nor force Can quell the love of freedom in a horse. 1880 E. Kirkk Garfield 38 Face to face with the alarming truth that we must lose our own freedom or grant it to the slave, b. fig. Liberation from the bondage of sin. c 1050 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) VIII. 320 Wilnigende mid pissum peowdome, cuman to ecum freo- dome. 1340 Ayenb. 86 pe oper uridom is pe ilke pet habbep |>e guodemen. .pet god hep yvryd. .uram pe preldome of pe dyeule. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 4 b, From the thraldome of the princes of the world to the fredome of glory & kyngdome of god. 2. Exemption from arbitrary, despotic, or auto¬ cratic control; independence; civil liberty. 1375 Barbour Bruce 1. 225 Fredome all solace to man giffis. He levys at ese that frely levys ! 1606 Holland Suet on. 42 They died for the Libertie and Free-dome of their Cittie. 1725 Swift Drapier's Lett. v. Wks. 1761 III. 9 j Freedom consists in a people’s being governed by laws made with their own consent. 1780 Cowper Table Talk 284 They, that fight for freedom, undertake The noblest cause mankind can have at stake. 1817 Byron Beppo xlvii, I like the freedom of the press and quill. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. cix, A love of freedom rarely felt, Of freedom in her regal seat Of England. + 3. The quality of being free or noble; nobility, generosity, liberality. Obs. c 1320 Cast. Love 145 He 3'af Adam.. Feirlek, and freodam, and muche miht. c 1386 Chaucf.r Monk's T. 564 He was of knyghthod and of fredam flour, c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Man¬ hole 1. lxxx. (1869) 47 Nay, but me shulde thinke suich a yifte ful of gret fredom .. and of gret curteysye. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xxi. 28 On fredome is laid foirfaltour. c 1530 Calisto <$• Melib. C i a, With grace indewid in fredome as alexandre. 4. The state of being able to act without hin¬ drance or restraint, liberty of action. c 1400 Maundf.v. xvii. (1839) x 93 Fissches, that han fre¬ dom to enviroun alle the Costes of the See, at here owne list, comen of hire owne wille to profren hem to the dethe. 1588 Shaks. Tit. A. 1. i. 17 And Romanes, fight for Free¬ dome in your Choice. 1633 Bp. Hall Hard Texts 513 Alexander of Macedon ..shall rule powerfully and with great freedom and absoluteness. 1718 Freethinker No. 1 P 5 Freedom of Thought is like Freedom in Actions. 1878 Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 67 It is absolutely necessary to maintain .. the freedom of other men to labour if they like. 1885 L'poolDaily Post 7 July 4/4 The Government’s freedom of action was limited by the fact that they came into negotia¬ tions partly concluded. FREE-HAND. 525 FREEING 5. The quality of being free from the control of fate or necessity; the power of self-determination attributed to the will. < 888 K. Alfred Boeth. xli. § 2 pu sexist past God sylle aellcum frydom [MS. Cot/, freodom] swa god to donne swa yfel. 1340 A vend. 86 Uri-wyl huer-by he may chyese and do uryliche oper pet guod oper pet kuead. perne uridom he halt of god. 1690 Locke Hunt. Und. 11. xxi. § 27.123 In this then consists Freedom, (vis.) in our being able to act, or not to act, according as we shall choose, or will. 1855 Bain Emotions xi. (1859) 544 The doctrine of Freedom was first elaborated into a metaphysical scheme, implying its opposite Necessity, by St. Augustin against Pelagius. 1884 tr. Lotze's Metaph. 420 The freedom which is said to charac¬ terise mental life, and is distinguished from the necessity of nature. + 0. Readiness or willingness to act. Obs. a 1626 Bacon New Atl. (1627) 18 We found such humanity, and such a freedome and desire to take strangers as it were into their bosom. 1697 Dampier Voy. (1729) I. 502, I had been accustomed to hardships and hazards, therefore I did with much freedom undertake it. 7. P'rankness, openness, familiarity (in intercourse or conversation); outspokenness. 1699 Lister Joum. Paris 67, I had not that freedom of Conversation as I could have wisht with both of them. 1705 Addison Italy 86 They are generally too distrustful of one another for the Freedoms that are us’d in such kind of Con¬ versations. 1792 Burke Corr. 1844 IV. 32, I talked a great deal to him with the freedom I have long used to him on this and on other subjects. 1887 F. Darwin Life <$• Lett, C. Darwin 1. 18 And laughed and joked with everyone., with the utmost freedom. b. The overstepping of due or customary bounds in speech or behaviour; undue familiarity. Phr. to take the freedom (to do something). 1618 Fletcher LoyalSnbj. 11. i, Your eye..Is fix’d upon this captain for his freedom; And happily you find his tongue too forward. 1648 Boyle Seraph. Love (1660) 9 This Love, I have taken the freedom to style * Seraphic Love’. 1681 Otway Soldiers Fort. 11. i, Let her alone to make the best use of those innocent Freedoms I allow her. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 492 p 1 The young Women who run into greater Freedoms with the Men. 1854 J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) I. xvi. 287 When the officers do not eat or drink, or take too many freedoms with the seamen. 8 . Of action, activity, etc.: Ease, facility, absence of encumbrance. 1613 Shaks. Hen. PHI, v. i. 103 You cannot with such freedome purge your selfe. 1705 De Foe in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 322, I humbly thank your Lordship for the freedom of access you were pleas’d to give my messenger. i860 Tyndall Glac. 11. iii. 243 The sun’s rays penetrate our atmosphere with freedom. 9. Boldness or vigour of conception or execution. 1643 Howell Lett. I. vi. lvi. (1655) 303,1 alwaies lov’d you for the freedom of your genius. 1782 Cowper Table-talk 700 Nature.. But seldom .. Vouchsafes to man a poet’s just pretence. Fervency, freedom, fluency of thought [etc.]. 1842 Rogers Introd. Burke's IVks. (1842) I. 11 For by knowing, .what was to be done in every figure they de¬ signed, they naturally attained a freedom and spirit of out¬ line. 10. Physics. Capability of motion. Degree of freedom : an independent mode in which a body may be displaced. 1879 Thomson & Tait Nat. Phil. 1.1. § 197 Taking next the case of a free rigid body, we have evidently six degrees of freedom to consider. 11. The state of not being affected by (a defect, disadvantage, etc.) ; exemption from. 1606 Shaks. Ant. <$• Cl. 1. iii. 57 Though age from folly could not giue me freedom It does from childishnesse. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 62 Promising to the doers long life, health .. freedome from losses, and the like. 1756 Burke Subl. <$• B. 1. xiii, The contemplation of our own free¬ dom from the evils which we see represented. 1839 Miss Mitford in L’Estrange Life ( 1870) III. vii. 99 There is a freedom from cant about the authoress, which. .1 could not have anticipated. 12. Exemption from a specific burden, charge, or service; an immunity, privilege; = Franchise sb. 2 b. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 41 We eow wulle#. .seggen of pa fre- dome pe limpeS to pan deie pe is iclepe<$ su sunedei. c X205 Lay. 22222 He sette gri<5 he sette fri<5 and alle freodomes. 1386 [see Franchise sb. 2 b]. X387 Trevisa Higden\ Rolls) III. 61 He graunted hem fredom [, immunitatem ] pat dede bat deede. 1534 Whittinton Tullyes Offices 1. (1540) 24 Many thynges be commune to cytezyns amonge them selfe, as. .fredomes, iudgementes, voyces in elections. 1675 Essex Papers (Camden) I. 315 That all y e auntjent freemen of y° respective Corporacions should enjoy their former freedoms and Priviledges. X71X T. Madox Hist. <$• Antiq.Excheq. 524 K. John, .granted to Robert de Lisieux .. Quittance or Freedom from Tallage. 1719 W. Wood Surv. Trade 9 All Foreigners might freely come and reside in any Part of this Kingdom, .with the like Privileges and Freedoms as our selves. X839 Keightley Hist. Eng. I. 332 Freedom from arrest, a privilege at that time necessary for the cause of liberty. b. A privilege possessed by a city, a corpora¬ tion, etc. Cf. Franchise sb. 2 a. 1596 Shaks. Merck. V. iv. i. 35 If you denie it, let the danger light Vpon your Charter, and your Cities freedome. x6i2 Drayton Poly-olb. xi. 180 The great Freedoms then those kings to these [Universities] did giue. 1673 Temple Observ. United Prov. IVks. 1731 I. 9 Cities and Towns; of which the Old had their ancient Freedoms and Jurisdic¬ tions confirmed, or others annexed. + c. A city or corporation possessing such im¬ munity. Also, the district over which the immu¬ nity extends; the * liberties’. Cf. Franchise sb. 5. Obs. X579 Twyne Phisickc agst. Fort. ir. Ep. Ded. 160b, The actes and lawes of certeine Municipies or freedomes. 1766 Entick London IV. 306 Passing over Tower-hill, they come again into the freedom. 13 . The right of participating in the privileges attached to: a. membership of a company or trade; b. citizenship of a town or city ; often con¬ ferred honoris causa upon eminent persons. Also, the document or diploma conferring such freedom. a. C1744 Pari. Bill in Hanway Trav. (1762) I. v. lxxi. 32 All persons .. should be admitted into the freedom of the said company, upon paying a fine of fifty pounds. 1746 H. Walpole Let. Mann 1 Aug., It was lately proposed in the city to present him [the Duke of Hamilton] with the freedom of some company. b. 1579, 1606 [see Franchise sb. 4]. X748 Smollett Rod. Rand. (1812) I. 500 The magistrates intended to com¬ pliment us with the freedom of their town. 1772 Wf.sley Jrnl. 28 Apr., They presented me with the freedom of the city. 1864 H. Ainsworth John Law vi. iii, The freedom of his native city of Edinburgh was transmitted to him in a valuable gold box. X885 .< 4 ^ 48 $ 49 Viet. c. 29 An Act to enable Municipal Corporations to confer the Honorary Freedom of Boroughs upon persons of distinction. c. The liberty or right to practise a trade; also the * fine * paid for this: see freedom-fine. 1712 Arbuthnot John Bull 1. iv, Lewis Baboon had taken up the trade of clothier and draper, without serving his time or purchasing his freedom. 1759 Goldsm. Bee No. 5 IP 20 Exclusive of the masters, there are numberless faulty ex¬ penses among the workmen,—clubs, garnishes, freedoms, and such like impositions. d. Fixedom of the Rule (Sc.), liberty granted to a Scotch advocate to plead at the English bar. 1820 Scott Ivanhoe Introd., Ivanhoe. .maybe said to have procured for its Author the freedom of the rules .. since he has ever since been permitted to exercise his powers of ficti¬ tious composition in England as well as Scotland. e. transf. Unrestricted use of. 1652 Needham tr. Selden's Mare Cl. 155 Hee would not permit Merchants and Sea-men to enjoy a freedom of that Sea ; . but at an extraordinarie rate. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. xix. 528 They having the freedom of our Ship, to go to and fro between Decks. 1862 Burton Bk. Hunter (1863) 48 Having conferred on you the freedom of the library, he will not concern himself by observing how you use it. 14 . Sc. A piece of common land allotted to a free-man. X805 Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 473 Each of these free¬ men possesses what is called a lot or freedom, containing about four acres of arable land. 1861 Howie Hist. Acc. Ayr v. 46 The Newton people divided them [the lands] into 48 portions. These were denominated freedoms. 15 . attrib. and Comb ., as freedom-loving adj.; freedom-fine, a payment made on being admitted to the freedom of a city, guild, or corporation. 1882 Cassell, Freedom-fine. 1884 Miss Hickson Irel. in \ r ]th Cent. I. Introd. 15 The Ulster of to-day. .filled with the . .freedom-loving men of the mixed race. Hence + Pree*dom v. trans. f to set free. Also Preedomless a., without freedom ; f Freedom- ship, investiture with a freedom. 1548 Gest Pr. Masse 107 Christe mourderd, broken, and offered was the meane wherwyth we be fredomed frome y 3 thraldome of .. y e devyll. 1583 Golding Calvin on Deut. cxxxvi. 838 Baptisme .. was ministred with such reuerence, that .. the Congregation was assembled together, as if one were to receiue an holy freedomship. 1821 Byron Irish Avatar iii, Famine which dwelt on her freedomless crags. Freedstool : see Frithstool. Free-hand (frz'hsend), a. Of drawing: Done with a free hand, i. e. without guiding instru¬ ments, measurements, or other artificial aid. Also absol. or quasi-ri. = free-hand drawing. X862 in Diet. Arch. (Arch. Publ. Soc.), s.v. 1879 Cassells Techn. Educ. I. 48/1 The study and practice of freehand drawing gives accuracy to the eye. 1888 Nature XXXVII. 294 The curve was not done by freehand, but by means of engineer’s curves. Free-ha'nded, a. [f. Free a. + Hand sb. + -ED 2 .] Open-handed, generous, liberal. a 1656 Bp. Hall Soliloquies 75 He is freehanded and munificent. 1832 Miss Mitford Village Szy. v.(i863)325The free-handed and open-hearted farmer. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 717 A bold, jolly, freehanded English gentleman. Free-hea'rted, a. [f. Free a. + Heart + -ed -.] Having a ‘ free heart ’ in various senses ; frank, open, unreserved ; unburdened with anxiety, guilt, or suspicion ; acting on the spontaneous im¬ pulse of the heart; generous, liberal, bountiful. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xv. Ixxix. (1495) 520 Angry of speche and sharpe. Netheles free herted and fayr of speche. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 177/2 Fre hertyd in yeftys .. liberalis. 1549 Coverdale Erasm. Par. Ded. 1 They shewed them selues so willing, so glad, so cherefull, and so fre harted, to further the worke. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. xviii. 2 Bound..with the bond of freeharted and willing love. X607 Shaks. Timon iii. i. 10 That..Free-hearted Gentleman of Athens. 1684 Otway Atheist 1. i, Come, come, no trifling, be free-hearted and friendly. 1728 Gay Begg. Op. 11. i, Money was made for the Freehearted and Generous. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. (1859) 43 He., throws off his habits of shy reserve, and becomes joyous and free-hearted, a 1853 Robertson Led. ii. (1858) 61 A rigorous proscription of all freehearted mirth. Hence Pree-hea rtedly adv. (in mod. Diets.) ; Pree-heartedness. 1607 Hieron IVks. I. 389 As for examples, we haue .. the free heartednesse of Cornelius, he gaue much almes. 1686 Burnet Trav. i. (1750) 57 They all met with a Kindness and Freeheartedness, that [etc.]. Freehold (frrhfluld). Laiv. For forms see Free a. [f. Frek a. 4 - Hold sb .; a transl. of AF. fraunc tenement.'] 1. A tenure by which an estate is held in fee- simple, fee-tail, or for term of life ; applied also to a corresponding tenure of a dignity or office. 1523 Fitzherb. Surv. 12 There be many maner of fre holdes, and holde their landes and tenementes in diuers maner. X598 Marston Sco. Villanie 1. ii. C 4 When tenure for short yeeres (by many a one) Is thought right good be turn’d forth Littleton, All to be headdie, or free hold at least. a 1626 Bacon Max. <$• Uses Com. Law (1636) 44 Leases for lives are also called freeholds. 1660 R. Coke Power $ Subj. 25 Do or Dedi to such a man or woman for term of either of their lives, or to such a man or woman during the life of another, creates a freehold. 1846 Parke Moore's P. C. Cases V. 391 A party cannot be removed from office, in which he has a freehold, but for misconduct. 1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy-bk. Prop. Lazu x. 65 An estate for life, or for another man’s life, is termed a freehold, less than an inheritance, but still a freehold. 2. An estate or office held by this tenure. 1467 in Eng. Gilds ( 1870) 393 And that he be of frehold yerly, at the leste, xl. s. X495 Act 11 Hen. VII } c. 16 Who that hath eny freeholde within the Toun of Caleis. 1542-3 Act 34 ( 5 * 35 Hen. VIII , c. 22 Manours. .beinge the in- heritaunce or the freholde of his wife. 1691 Case of Exeter Coll. 22 He must be turned out by due course of Law; and not frighted from his freehold by the thunder of Ex- communication. 1712 Prideaux Direct. Ch.-zvardens (ed. 4) 25 The Vicar hath the Freehold of the Chancel. 1765 Blackstone Comm. 1. i. 100 No freeman shall be divested of his freehold. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits , Aristocr. Wks. (Bohn) II. 81 The great estates are absorbing the small freeholds. 1871 Freeman Nonn. Conq. (1876) IV. xviii. 167 One lordship in Somerset, alone among all the lands of England, became the freehold of the Church of Saint Peter at Rome. 3. transf. and fig. 1611 Bible Transl. Pref. 2 He that medleth with mens Religion medleth with their custome, nay, with their free¬ hold. 1631 Massinger Beleive as You List iv. ii, Courtezan. Yf thou wer'et Ten times a Kinge, thou liest. I am a ladie . .Metellus. Hee hath touchd her free hold, a 1882 Whittier My Triumph 18, 1 . .take by faith, while living, My freehold of thanksgiving. 4. attrib. or adj. Held by freehold; relating to or of the nature of freehold. 1527 Test. Ebor. (Surtees) V. 235 All my landes, as well copiehold as freehold. 1647 Ward Simp. Cobler 63, I have observed men to haue two kindes of Wills, a Free-hold will . .or a Copy-hold will. 1827 Jarman Powells Devises (ed. 3) II. 115 The testatrix having in a former part of her will dis¬ posed of all her freehold estate. 1876 Digby Real Prop.m. § 15. 139 When the rights over the land are given for a period the termination of which is not fixed or ascertained by a specified limit of time, the interest is a freehold interest. Freeholder (frrh. Prol., And than may the lorde of y e sayd maners .. haue parfyte knowledge .. who is his fre- holders, copyeholders, customarye tenaunte, or tenaunt at his wyll. 1664 Butler Hud. 11. iii. 1169 He must (at least) hold up his hand, By twelve Free-holders to be scann’d. 1765 Blackstone Comm. 1. ix. 347 He [the coroner] is still cnosen by all the freeholders in the county court. 1876 Bancroft Hist. U.S. III. i. 13 The cultivator of the soil was, for the most part, a freeholder. 1890 BelPs Diet. Lazu Scotl. (ed. 7), Freeholder .. in modern language, applied to such as, before the passing of the Reform Act of 1832, were entitled to elect or be elected members of Parliament, and who must have held lands extending to a forty shilling land of old extent, or to ^400 Scots of valued rent. fig. 1637 Rutherford Let. 9 Sep. (1891) 499 The whole army of the redeemed ones sit rent-free in heaven .. we are all freeholders. 1670 Brooks IVks. (1867) VI. 373 Hypo¬ crites are hell’s free-holders. 1751 Jortin Serm. (1771) V. ix. 195 God did not make them freeholders; they held their possessions under him. 2. slang. (See quot.) a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crezu } Freeholder , he whose Wife goes with him to the Ale-house. 1725 in New Cant. Diet. Hence Freeholdership. 1810 Bentham Packing (1821) 247. 1862 Ansted Channel I si. iv. xxiii. (ed. 2) 544 It began with fiefs, and it has developed a system of practical freeholdership. t Free’holding, vbl. sb. Obs. [f. Free a. + Holding vbl. sb .; after Freehold.] = Freehold. 1591 Charter of Kilmarnock in A. McKay Hist. Kil¬ marnock (1864) 359 We have given..to our beloved cousin, Thomas, Lord Boyd, in free-holding or life-rent. 1637 Rutherford Let. cciii. (1891) 401 We are but loose in trying our free-holding of Christ. [1715 M. Davies A then. Brit. 1. 306 Franktenement. .must be the Freeholding of an Estate, either in Fee-simple or Fee-tail.] Free’holding, fpl- a. rare. [f. Free a. + Holding ppl. a. ; after Freehold.] That pos¬ sesses a freehold; in + early use absol. or sb. = AF. frawic tenaunt , Freeholder. 13.. Coer de L. 1259 To Londoun, to hys somouns, Come .. Serjaunts, and every freeholdande. 1890 Spectator 10 May, Freeholding peasants. Freeing (frriq), vbl. sb. [f. Free v. + -ing T] The action of the verb Free. 1601 High Peak Art. 1 . in Mander Derby sit. Min. Gloss. (1824) 130 Such working and freeing of the said new taker. 1620 Brent tr. Sarpls Counc. Trent 1. 6 An absolution or freeing, made by authority of the Prelate. 1631 Massinger Emperor East v. i, The freeing of an innocent From the emperor’s furious jealousy. 1802 Mawe Mineral Derbysh. FREEISH. 526 FREEMASON. 204 (E. D. S.), Freeing sb. t entering a mine or vein in the bar-master’s book. 1872 Tennyson Lynette 992 Toward thy sister’s freeing. b. attrib. and Comb .; freeing-dish, the dish or measure of ore with which a Derbyshire lead-miner * frees ’ his vein ; freeing-port (see quot.). 1851 Act 1 4 <$• 15 Viet. c. 94 Sched. i. § n Being called the Freeing Dish. 1880 Times 23 Oct. 5/4 This inner bulwark is provided at intervals with freeing ports, so that in case a sea breaks over and fills them they may quickly be relieved of the water. Pree'ish, a. [see -ish.] Somewhat free. 1820 Blackw. Mag. VII. 391 A gay comedy, .and a freeish farce. Preel, ? = Frill sbA 2. 1637 T. Morton New Eng. Canaan (1883) 227 Freeles there are, Cockles and Scallopes. Freelfe, obs. form of Frail a. Freelage. Obs. exc. Sc. dial. Forms : a. 3 freolac, -aic, -ec, vreoleic. P. 6 frelege, -lige, -lag(e, 7 freledge, 6-7 freelege, 9 freelage. [OE. *fr£o-ldc , f. frio. Free a. + -lac : see -lock ( frtolac occurs only as 0, compound of lac neut. oblation). In the later /3 forms the suffix -lege has been substituted for OE. -IdCy on the analogy of knowledge , or possibly by the same process that has led to the substitution in that instance.] f 1 . = Freedom in various senses: esp. in later use, a franchise or privilege. Obs. a. a 1225 Ancr. R. 286 Anker, of oSer freolac, haueft ibeon oSerhwules to freo of hire suluen. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 2366 Ha .. bisohte .. J?ast he for his freolec, firstede hire, c 1230 Halt Meid. 7 Nis }?is J>eowdom inoh a^ain \>a.t ilke freolaic hat ha hefde. / 3 . 1513 Douglas /Eneis ix. iii. 47 Quhat God hes to hym grantit sik frelage? 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 359 In strang presoun, but ransoun or frelag, This nobill man. .[he] maid to die. 1593 B. Barnes Parthenophil <$- P. iv. in Arb. GarnerY. 341 Whom thou in person guardestl (lest sub¬ orners Should work his freelege). 1593 Rites <$• Mon. Ch. Durh. (Surtees) 36 A frelige graunted by God and Sancte Cuthbert for every such offender to flie unto for succour. 1617 in Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 173 Grace my wife and her mayde to have theire dyet. .as they used to have when I was lyreinge, and the freledge of the gardens. 1674 Ray N. C. Words 19 Freelege (Sheffield), Privilege. Immunities. 2 . Sc. dial. i An heritable property, as distin¬ guished from a farm, Roxbl (Jam.) attrib. 1805-11 A. Scott Poems 42 (Jam.) Altho’ he had a freelage grant O’ mony a tree, herb, flower, and plant, Yet still his breast confessed a want. Free lance. 1 . A term used by recent writers denoting one of those military adventurers, often of knightly rank, who in the Middle Ages offered their services as mercenaries, or with a view to plunder, to belli¬ gerent states; a ‘ condottiere , a ‘ free com¬ panion ’. 1820 Scott Ivanhoe xxxiv, I offered Richard the service of my Free Lances. 1855 Miss Yonge Lances of Lynwood vi. 11864) 95 He. .knewa d’Aubricour would be no discredit to his free lances. 1877 Mrs. Oliphant Makers Flor. iii. 77 Those rude German free-lances, ever ready to sell themselves to the highest bidder. 2 . fig. Applied esp. to a politician or controver¬ sialist who owns no fixed party allegiance, but from time to time assails one party or the other in a capricious or arbitrary manner; also, to one who in any department of speculation or practice follows the methods of no particular school. 1864 Staiulard 16 Apr., They may be Free Lances in Parliament so long as the guerilla career suits them. 1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect II. 135 The band of literary free¬ lances that..made Fraser's Magazine a name of terror. 1889 Jessopp Co mit ig of Friars v. 216 The Friars, .were free lances with whom the bishops had little to do. + Free’less, a. Obs .— 1 [ = ON. fryju-lauss blameless, f. fryja taunt + -lauss -less.] Blameless. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. A. 431 That freles fle3e of hyr fasor. Free-li’ver. One who lives freely; one who gives free indulgence to his appetites. 1711 Shaftesb. Charactf 1737) III. 306 Those naturally honest appellations of free-livers, free-thinkers, .or whatever other character implies a largeness of mind and generous use of understanding. 1806 Culina 53 This is a good, .dish, for free-livers. 1822 W. Irving Braceb. Hall (1849) 87 Free- livers on a small scale. Free-li ving, a. 1 . Living freely and abundantly, given to free indulgence of the appetites. 1818 Scott Hrt. Midi, xvi, ‘ He was a gude servant o* the town, .though he was an ower free-living man’. 2 . Biol. Living free from and independent of the parent. 1889 in Century Diet. t Freely, a. Obs. [OE. frlolic : see Free a. and -ly h] Free, noble ; excellent, goodly, beau¬ tiful, lovely. (A stock epithet of compliment in ME. poetry : cf. Free a. 3 .) BeenuuIf 615 Freolic wif. <71000 Riddles xv. 13 Freolic fyrdsceorp. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 68 A meiden. .feir ant freo- lich o wlite & o westuin. a 1300 Cursor M. 8376 pou freli king, sa ful o bliss. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 162 To [>is frelych feste }>at fele am to called, c 1320 Sir Tristr. 193 Sone to dej> }?er drewe Mani a frely fode. C1350 Will. Palernc 822 Alle freliche foules |>at on \>a.t frij> songe. c 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 42 Ryse vp now, with thi frely face. 1 c 1475 Sqr. lowe Dcgre 545 in Hazl. E. P. P. II. 44 Vndo thy dore ! my frely floure. b. absol. Noble one, fair one. (Cf. Free B.) 13.. E. E. Allit. P. A. 1155 Quen I se} my frely I wolde be here, c 1420 Anturs of A rth. xxix, That freli. .And the kene kny}te. Hence Frelyhede. c 1440 Jacob's Well (E. E. T. S.) 185 pe vj. spanne in pe handyl of hi confessioun, is frelyhede ; pat frely. .for loue & deuocyoun to God, pou art schrevyn. Freely (frrli), adv. [OE. frPolice , ME. freo¬ liche y freliche ^ frely ^ f. Free a. + - ly-.] 1. Of one’s own accord, spontaneously; without constraint or reluctance; unreservedly, without stipulation; readily, willingly. <7825 Vesp. Psalter xciii.[xciv.J 1 Libere egit , freolice dyde. c888 K. /Elfred BoetJi. xviii. § 4 Seo sawl faerp swipe freo- lice to heofonum. c 1205 Lay. 5547 Of Normaundie & of Flaundres freoliche him fulsten. 13.. Guy Wariu. (A.) 209 Gij him answerd freliche : * Sir, ichil wel blepeliche ’. c 1386 Chaucer Frankl. T. 876-7 And right as frely as he sente hir me, As frely sente I hir to himageyn. c 1460 Fortf.scue Abs. $ Litn. Mon. xii. (1885) 139 The reaume off Fraunce givith neuer ffrely off thair owne gode will any subsidie to thair prince. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) n These . .gyftes and graces, he hath gyuen to vs frely. 1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Accul. 46 Let us freely forsake all such things [worldly goods]. 1607 Shaks. Timon 1. i. no Lord Timon, heare me speake. Tim. Freely good Father. 1664 Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 187 Let none .. despise .. these short Directions, so freely and ingenuously imparted. 1817 Ld. Ellenborough in Maule& Selwyn Rep. K. Bench VI. 316 He does not even ask for [the bills]; but they are freely and voluntarily handed over. 1862 Ruskin Unto this Last 82 He may either give it us freely, or demand payment for it. 1865 R. W. Dale Jew. Temp. ix. (1877) 92 He freely forgives the penitent. b. With freedom of will or choice. 134.0 Ayenb. 86 Uri-wyl, huer-by he may chyese and do uryliche oper pet guod oper pet kuead. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 11. ii. (1495) 28 Angels haue myght and power frely to chese to vnderstonde and to loue. 1667 Milton P. L. v. 538 Freely we serve, Because we freely love, as in our will To love or not. 2. Without constraint or reserve in regard to speech; unreservedly, frankly, openly, plainly. 1596 Shaks. Merch. V. iii. ii. 257, I freely told you. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. viii. 32 To speake freely what cannot bee concealed. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. 1 § 4 He may speak his mind freely to me without fear of offend¬ ing. 1766 Goljdsm. Vic. W. xxi, We were shewn a room where we could converse more freely. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 69 She well knew that she was not hand¬ some, and jested freely on her own homeliness. 1884 Leeds Mercury 24 Oct. 8/2 He. .freely criticised the policy of the Government in South Africa. 3. Without restraint or restriction upon action or activity; without let, hindrance, or interference. a 1300 Cursor M. 2238 pat ai quen we se anichesun, Freli may climbe vp and dun. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 1106 Hit ferde freloker in fete in his fayre honde. c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Whs. III. 362 For panne Goddis lawe my3te freeli renne hi pe lymytis pat Crist hap ordeyned. 1503-4 Act 19 Hen. VII , c. 34§ 8 Every suche Woman..[shall] frely enjoye . .all hir owne inheretaunce. 1576 Baker Jewell of Health 17b, To thende the fire maye..burne the freelyer. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 38 The woman may frelie marie, against the will of the over-lord. 1695 Ld. Preston Boeth. 1. 10, I began to breathe more freely. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 143 That the Light may the freelier play upon the Glass. 1874 Morley Compromise (1886) 1 The right of thinking freely and acting independently. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. vm. 91/1 These wheels turn freely upon the shaft. b. Without observance of strict rule ; loosely. 1869 Phillips Vesuv. vii. 180 Only a freely sweeping line can justly express the form. 1870 Max Muller Sc. Relig. (1873) 122 Translate it somewhat freely. 4. Without stint; plentifully, abundantly; gene¬ rously, liberally. <71300 Cursor M. 12332 Tesus tok pis corn for-melt, And freli it a-bute him delt. 13.. E. E. Allit. P C. 20 For pay schal frely be refete ful of alle gode. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IVy iv. ii. 75 You would drink freely. 1611 Bible Gen. ii. 16 Of euery tree of the garden thou mayest freely eate. 1659 D. Pell Impr. Sea 100 note. Throw your monies away freely in the Alehouse. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 260 We ate very freely. 1849 Macaulay Hist. E?ig. I. 431 The blood flowed freely. 1879 Cassells Techn. Educ. IV. 23/2 He lived in princely style and spent his money freely. 1883 Rep. Geol. Ex flor. N. Zealand 39 Gold has been found freely. 1892 E. P. Dixon (Hull) Seed Catal. 37 Brachycome Iberidifolia .. blooms freely, and is useful for bedding. +5. In freedom, with the rights of free birth; without servitude, with absolute possession (of pro¬ perty, franchises, etc.). Freely begotten = lawfully begotten. Obs . c 1205 Lay. 5440 scullen. .habben freoliche eoure lond. 1375 Barbour Bruce 1. 228 He levys at ese, that frely levys ! c 1393 Chaucer Mariage 31 God graunte you youre lyf frely to'lede In fredom. 1415 E. E. IVills (1882) 24 Hers of his body frelych be-gotun. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vm. i. 65 Bot it suld joys all Fredomys, Franchys, Profit, and Customys, Alsa frely as before, c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Man- hode 1. xlvi. (1869) 27 And that the gouernaunce of heuene longeth freeliche to me. c 1500 in Arnolde Chron. Index (1811) 11 That citezens of London..of al their libarteis and fre vsage as holly and fully be restored. As them the tyme of ony our progenitours Kinges frelyest and fullyest they had. 1596 Shaks. Merch. V. iii. ii. 252, I must freely haue the halfe of any thing That this same paper brings you. 1601 — Twcl. N. 1. iv. 40 Thou shalt Hue as freely as thy Lord, To call his fortunes thine, a 1647 Habington Surv. Worcestersh. in Wore. Hist. Soc. Proc. 11. 255 The Church heald one Hyde freely. t 6. Nobly ; excellently, beautifully. Obs. c 1205 Lay. 28941 An hundred and sixti pusend freoliche iwapned. a 1225 Juliana 21 And under hire nebscheft al se freoliche ischapet. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 10 Fulle frely he lyued here, c 1350 Will. Palertie 2634 On pe fairest on face and frelokest ischapen. t 7 . a. Without payment or cost, gratis; b. with¬ out punishment. Obs .; = Free adv. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 5965 Quod gratis accepistisy gratis date. He says ‘ pat pat 3e haf of grace fre And frely resayved, frely gyf 3e’. 1382 Wyclif Isa. Iii. 3 Freeli [Vulg. gratis] 3ee ben sold. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. cxxxvi. 116 Somme of hem lete he go frelych and somme Iete he putte to the deth. 1546 Wriothesley Chron. (1875) I. 163 Which were discharged frelie without paying any fine to the cittie. 1550 Crowley Last Trump 1411 Let none break such laws freli. 1589 Act 31 Eliz. c. 6 § 1 Freelye without anye rewarde. 1759 B. Martin NaJ. Hist. Eng. I. 264 For 153 children to be taught freely. 8. Sc. + Entirely, completely {obs .); also used as an intensive, very. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xxv. 78 Quhen flude and fyre sail our it frak, And frely frustir feeld and fure. 1873 W. Alex¬ ander Johiny Gibb xi.(ed. 3)66, ‘ I wud like freely weel to see them, man ’, said the stranger. Freeman (frrm&n). [ OE.ffoman: see Free^. and Man sbi] 1 . a. One who is personally free; one who is not a slave or serf. b. In later use often, one who is politically free ; one not a subject of a tyrannical or usurped dominion. a i a* - fulfillyd. 1587 Golding De Mortiay xiii. (1617) 206 According to their freenes. .they work freely. 1642 Bp. Reynolds Israels Petit. 22 That cometh like water out of a Spring, with a voluntary freenesse. 1647-8 Cotterell Davila's Hist. Fr. (1678) 23 Resolution and freeness of courage. 1656 Jeanes Fuln. Christ 218 The absolute freenesse of it: It was neither for his advantage, as an end, nor for our deservings, as a motive. 1862 C. Dresser A rt Decorative Design 70 The convolvulus winding its way in graceful freeness around the branches. b. Const, from. 1640 Bp. Reynolds Passions xxvi. 260 Freenesse from Enemies, Cleernes from Injuries. 1648 Jenkyn Blind Guide iii. 36 The freenesse of their writings from, .error. 2 . Readiness; generosity, liberality. c 1300 Cursor M. 27861 (Cott. Galba) Frenes of hert and large of gift. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xvi. 88 Filius , bi the Fader wille and frenesse of Spirit us Sancti. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. v. v. 421 Wee’l learne our Freenesse of a Sonne-in- Law: Pardon’s the word to all. 1648 Petit. Eastern Ass. 25 Their .. freeness to assist the Kingdome in a time of need. 1660 Fuller Mixt Contempt. (1841) 180 Let us now pay taxes that we may never pay taxes; for, as matters now stand, our freeness at the present may cause our free¬ dom at the future. 1709 Brit. Apollo II. No. 37. 1/1 This Comparison displays the Freeness of Remission with regard to the Offending Persons. 3. Unreservedness (in speech, etc.); openness, frankness. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. xvii. 13 Frenesse in reprouyng of kynges. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. 106 b, Freenesse of speache, is when we speake boldely & without feare. .whatsoeuer we please. C1614 Cornwallis in Gutch Coll. Cur. I. 149 He would requite my kind proceeding with a real freeness. 1633 Heywood Eng. Trav. m. Wks. 1874 IV. 57, I am sorry my freenesse should offend you. Free-qua’rter. Hist. The obligation or im¬ post of having to provide free board and lodging for troops; also, of the troops, the right to be bil¬ leted in free quarters, or else the necessity of having to find them for themselves. To live at free- quarter : to be maintained without expense to the government. 1648 Petit. Eastern Ass. 17 Have not inforced Assesse- ments, and free-quarter grated them as small? 1648 Crom¬ well Let. 15 Nov. in Carlyle , The Country is. .not able to bear free-quarter ; nor well able to furnish provisions if we had moneys. 1655 — Sp. 22 Jan. ibid., These took advan¬ tage from .. the stopping of the pay of the army, to run us into Free-quarter. a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) I. 63 Make Law and Equity as dear, As Plunder and Free-quarter were. 1818 Cobbett in Pol. Reg. XXXIII. 524 An army must be sent into Yorkshire; but, they must live at free- quarter then. Hence f Free-quarter v., to live at free-quarter; f Free-qua'rterer, one billeted in free quarters. 1648 Prynne Plea for Lords C ij, As our free-quarterers doe now. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 16 As for evil Things, look on them but as Lodgers, (though as unwelcome as Free-quarterers). 1659 To free-quarter [see Freebooter v.]. Freer (frrai). [f. Free v. + -er 1 .] One who frees or sets free. 1610 Healey St. Aug. Citie of God xiv. xi. (1620') 485 He is the Freer who is the Sauiour. 1638 Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (1654) III. 142 But the French shall be the freers of all the earth. 1670-98 Lassels Voy. Italy II. 76 It was erected to him. .as to the freer of the city. Freer, obs. and Sc. dial, form of Friar. Frees, Freese, obs. ff. of Frieze, Freeze. Free:-sele # ctor. Austral. One who takes up a block of crown-land under the Land Laws and by annual payments acquires the freehold (Morris). Also called simply selector. 1866 Sydney Morn. Her. 9 Aug. (Morris), The very law which the free selector puts in force against the squatter. 1881 Mrs. C. Praed Policy P. III. 260 He made a spring at the free-selector. 1883 Keighley Who are You 79 Far apart stood free-selectors’ huts. So Free-select v. trans., to take up (land) under Government; hence Free-selecting* vbl. sb. and ppl. a. ; Free-selection, the action of the vb. 1870 T. H. Braim New Homes ii. 87 A man can now go and make his free selection before survey of any quantity of land .. at twenty shillings an acre. 1884 Boldrewood Melb. Mem. xix. 134 Had he proceeded to free-select an uninhabited island. Ibid. xx. 142 This was years before the free-selection discovery. 1890 — Col. Refortner (1891) 321, I camped .. just below those free-selecting friends of yours. Ibid. 401 Free-selecting here might be very well for some people ; it didn’t suit them. t Freeship. Obs. [f. Free a. + -ship.] 1 . Freedom, liberty. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 75 He. .gefhom eche frechipe alle [>a ]?et hit aide cunnen. c 1205 Lay. 372 /Er we nulle5 mid frescipe faren from ure feonden. 2 . Liberality, generosity. a 1225 Alter. R. 386 Luue is heouene stiward, uor hire muchele ureoschipe. Freesia (frz’zia). [mod. Lat.] A genus of iridaceous bulbous plants of the Cape of Good Hope, allied to Gladiolus. 1882 Garden 4 Feb. 73/3 Freesias. 1891-6 [In many newspaper quots., often spelt Freezia). Free soil, sb. and a. U.S. A. sb. Territory in which slaveholding was pro¬ hibited. a 1850 Calhoun Wks. (1874) IV. 547 All these, in the slang of the day, were what are called slave territories, and not free soil. B. adj. The epithet of a political party in 1846- 56, which opposed the extension of slavery into the territories ; pertaining to this party or its prin¬ ciples. 1848 Lowell Biglow P. Poems 1890 II. 143, I went to a free soil meetin’ once. 1875 N. Amer. Rev. CXX. 69 Mr. Clay was speaking of the antislavery agitators and of the Free-soil party. So Free-soiler (a) a politician in favour of free soil and opposed to slavery; (b) one who lives on free soil, a free man. Free-soilism, the principles of the Free-soil party, opposition to slavery. 1849 Longf. in Life (1891) II. 162 Palfrey, Adams, Sumner . .all and several Free-soilers. 1855 Fraser’s Mag. LI. 675 All the free-soilism of the north will strain its every nerve to [etc.]. 1875 N. Amer. Rev. CXX. 73 Tainted with Free- soilism or Abolitionism. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. II. iii. lv. 355 The Abolitionists and Free Soilers. .had for some time previously acted as a group by themselves. Free-spoken, a. [cf. plain-spoken .] Ac¬ customed to speak plainly and without reserve. Hence Free-spokenness. 1625 Bacon Apophthegms § 176 A free-spoken Senatour. 1641 Milton Anwtad. Rem. Def. Wks. 1738 I. 79 These free-spoken and plain-hearted Men, that are the Eyes of their Country. 1856 Grote Greece 11. xevi. XII. 508 The slaughter of the free-spoken orators. 1863 Hawthorne Our Old Hotne 269 In our refined era, just the same as at that more free-spoken epoch. 1882 J. H. Blunt Ref CJt. Eng. II. 486 The free-spokenness of Queen Elizabeth and King James. Free state. 1 . Occasionally = Republic. Now rare. 1646 Fuller Wounded Consc. (1841) 330 As all countries are not monarchies governed by kings, but some by free- states, where many together have equal power. 1727-41 Chambers CycL, Free State. 1850 Merivale Rom. Entp. (1865) I. ii. 54 Names conspicuous in the municipal annals of the free-state. 2 . U.S. Before the Civil War of 1861-5, a state of the Union in which slavery did not exist. 1861 Lowell E Pluribus Unuvi Prose Wks. 1890 V. 47 He would .. have received the unanimous support of the Free States. 1888 Bryce Amer. Cotnmw. II. in. liii. 334 New States had been admitted substantially in pairs, a slave State balancing a free State. Free -stone, freestone U Also 4 fre- stane, 6 freese stone, 7 friestane, frise-stone. [f. Free a. + Stone sb. ; a transl. of OF. franchc pere , where the adj. means ‘ of excellent quality ’; cf. Frank a . 2 5.] 1 . Any fine-grained sandstone or limestone that can be cut or sawn easily. c 1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.)3036 The knyght gat masons many ane, And grat them hew ful faire fre-stane. 1463 Bury Wills (Camden) 37 An ymage of our lady .. in an howsyng of free stoon. 1577 Harrison England 11. iii. (1877) 1. 71 Houses builded. .for the most part of hard freestone. 1640-1 Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. (1855) 67 He hes use for certaine friestane for building. 1662 Gf.rbier Princ. 24 As for Free-stone, Portland Stone works well. 1773 Brydone Sicily xv. (1809) 172 The streets .. are all paved with white free-stone. 1796 Kirwan Elem. Mitt. (ed. 2) II. 18 The alluminous ore of Whitby is sometimes a grey Freestone. 1878 F. S. Williams Midi. Railw. 367 The handsome em¬ battled tower, .is chequered with flint and freestone. t b. A slab or piece of such stone. Obs. c 1475 Piet. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 768 Hec timeria, a fre- stone. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 370 Toads have been found in FREE-STONE. 528 FREEZE the middle of a Freestone. 1712 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 412 A White Free Stone is laid over Mr. Wm. Joyner’s Grave. 2 . attrib. and Comb., as freestone house, f mason, ornament,passage, quarry', + freestone-coloured a., of the colour of freestone. 1600 Shaks. A. V. L. iv. iii. 25 She has .. A ^freestone coloured hand. 1665-6 Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 72 The larg *free-stone house. 1703 in Willis & Clark Cam¬ bridge (1886) II. 211 Paid the ^freestone Mason his bills in full. 1726 Amherst Terras Fil. xliv. 235 What! are there no living ornaments in Oxford ? Are its inanimate, its *free- stone ones its greatest glory? 1766 Entick London IV. 357 A *free-stone passage. 1776 Adam Smith IV. N. 1. xi. in. I. 186 The value of a ^freestone quarry, .will, .increase. Free’-stone 2 . A variety of the peach (or nectarine) in which the flesh parts freely from the stone when ripe. Also free-stone peach. 1866, 1880 [see Clingstone]. 1889 Farmer Americanisms, Free-stone peach. Freet, var. of Freit Sc. Free-thinker (fr^pi-gkoi). One who refuses to submit his reason to the control of authority in matters of religious belief; a designation claimed esp. by the deistic and other rejectors of Christianity at the beginning of the iSth c. The sect mentioned in the first quot. seems to be identical with the ‘ free seekers ’ (quot. 1693 s.v. Free D. i c). ?i6q2 S. Smith (title) The Religious Impostor, .dedicated to Doctor S—1m—n, and the rest of the new Religious Fraternity, of Free-Thinkers, near Leather-Sellers-Hall.. Printed .. in the first year of Grace and Free Thinking. 1708 Swift Sentim. Ch. of Eng. Man Wks. (1755) II. 1. 56 The atheists, libertines, despisersof religion, .that is to say, all those who usually pass under the name of Free-thinkers. 1836 Hor. Smith Tin Trump. (1876) 170 Freethinker, .has come to be synonymous with a libertine and a contemner of religion. 1874 Morley Compromise (1886) 151 The modern freethinker does not attack Christianity; he explains it. transf 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair xlv, He (who had been .. inclined to. be a sad free thinker on these points) entered into poaching and game preserving with ardour. Free-thi nking 1 , vbl. sb. The free exercise of reason in matters of religious belief, unrestrained by deference to authority; the adoption of the principles of a free-thinker. ? 1692 [see Free-thinker]. 1708 Brit. Apollo No. 58. 1/2 Free Thinking (to use the Modish Phrase) ..is no better than a Sword in a Child’s hand. 1758 Gray Let. Poems (1775) 263 The mode of free-thinking is like that of Ruffs and Farthingales, and has given place to the mode of not thinking at all. 1773 Gentl. Mag. XLIII. 122 If, by free- thinking, Deism be meant. attrib. 1719 Free-Thinker 118 p 2, I proceeded, .to give Assurances of many Free-Thinking Feats, which it was, then, generally suspected I never intended to perform. Free -thinking, ppl. a. 1 . Holding the principles of a free-thinker. ^1716 South Serm. (1843) H. 109 Our free thinking and freer practising age. 1750 Coventry Pompey Litt. 11. ix. (1785) 66/1 A free-thinking writer of moral essays. 2 . Pertaining or relating to free-thinkers or free- thought. 1726 Amherst Terras Fil. xi. 52 Those heritical, perni¬ cious, and free-thinking tracts. 1848 Thackeray Van. Pair xix, Her shocking free thinking ways. 1882 Sat. Rev. 18 Nov. 671/1 Trashy freethinking productions. Free-thought. = Free-thinking vbl. sb. 1711 Shaftesb. Charact. (1737) II. 116 If it brings along with it any affection opposite to manhood, .or free-thought. 1874 Morley Compromise (1886) 152 The tendency of modern free thought is [etc.]. 1887 Academy 12 Nov. 314 These centres of learning and freethought. attrib. [1882 Cassell, Free-thought a. of or pertaining to free-thinking.] Mod. A—’s catalogue of free-thought publications. Free trade, free-trade. 1 . An open and unrestricted trade. 1606 Chapman M. D'Olive 1, Wit’s become a free trade for all sorts to live by. 1622 Malynes Maint. Free Trade 105 A Remedie, whereby the Kingdome shall enioyall the three essential parts of Traffique vnder good and Politike Gouern- ment, which will bee Free Trade effectually or in deed. 1642-3 Earl of Newcastle Declar. in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1721) V. 137 As if they desired not only the free Trade, but even the Monopoly of plundering to themselves. 1670 R. Coke Disc. Trade 33 Our Plantations .. would have been much increased and inriched by a Free Trade, more than by this restraint. 1804 Edin. Rev. IV. 308 The wisdom of allowing a free trade has been pretty generally allowed in speculation by all statesmen. 1846 McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) II. 527 The circumstance of our carrying on a great free trade with it. 2 . Trade or commerce left to follow its natural course, i. e. without the interference of customs duties designed to restrict imports or of bounties intended to foster home production. Also, the legislative establishment or maintenance of this state of things, and the principles of those who advocate it; opposed to protection. Adam Smith IV. N. i r j’j6 uses freedom of trade in this sense. _ He has also frequently a free trade , in sense 1. 1823 in Cobbett Rur. Rides (1885) I. 400 One newspaper says .. he will endeavour to * inculcate in the mind of the Bourbons wise principles of free trade !’ 1825 M c Culloch Pol. Econ.u. ii. 134 Suppose that, under a system of free trade, we imported a considerable proportion of silks and linens now wholly manufactured at home. 1861 Cobden in Times 18 July, The principles of Free Trade. b. In various occasional applications (see quots.). 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, Free-trade .. unrestricted action in banking operations. 1868 Rogers /W. Econ. xvii. (1876)231 Correctly stated, free trade in land consists rather in the removal of the hindrances which the law puts on the conveyance of land. 3 . Trade free from the lawful customs duties; smuggling. 1824 Scott Redgauntlet ch. xiii, * If you will do nothing for the free trade, I must patronise it myself.’ So saying he took a large glass of brandy. 1834 H. Miller Scenes <$• Leg. xiv. (1889) 211 [He] was engaged .. in the free trade, and had set the officers of the revenue at defiance. 4 . attrib. 1829 H. Hawthorn Visit Babylon 45 In all this, do you.. discover anything like your free-trade plan ? 1877 Daily News 5 Oct. 4/4 The free-trade party. So Free-trading a., favouring free-trade; Free- tra dist, an advocate of free-trade. 1832 Galt in Fraser's Mag. VI. 593 To the theory of the free-tradist objections cannot well be made. 1851 Lytton Lett. John Bull 93 To sum up the authorities from Free- trading political economists. Free-trader. 1 . One allowed to trade without restriction. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India <$• P. 86 They permit Free Traders on their Island Bombaim. 1851 Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 375 The pedlar .. was, as it were, the first ‘ free¬ trader \ b. (See quot.) 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Free Trader, ships trading formerly under license to India independent of the old East India Company’s Charter. 2 . A smuggler ; also, a smuggling vessel. 1815 Scott Guy M. v, There go the free-traders. 1824 — Redgauntlet ch.xiv,As if. .a free-trader could sail the Solway as securely as a King’s cutter ! 3 . An advocate of free-trade. 1849 Cobden Speeches 34 If. .there be free-traders who think that free-trade is only an experiment. 1878 N. Amer. Rev. CXXVI. 266 They were tariff men and free-traders, conservative Whigs and radical Democrats. Free will, free-wiTl, free-will. [See Free a. 19.] 1 . (Best written as two words.) Spontaneous will, unconstrained choice (to do or act). Often in phr. of one's own free will, and the like. + In one s free will', left to or depending upon one’s choice or election. a 1225 Ancr. R. 8 peos & swuche opre beoS alle ine freo wille to donne oper to leten h won me euer wule. 13.. Myrour of lewed Men 4 in Min. P. Vernon MS. 407 God send vs thoght to his plesyng In whos fre wil hynges all thyng. c 1510 More Picus Wks. 11/2 Very happy is a christen man, sith that the victorie is.. put in his owne frewill. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. viii. 5 Every dore of freewill open flew. 1611 Bible Ezra vii. 13 All they, .which are minded of their owne free-will togoe vp to Ierusalem. 1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 11. (1711) 42 Every Ship’s master is left to his free will, whether he will sail into the Ice. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 308 F 1 Whether she has not been frightened or sweetned by her Spouse into the Act she is going to do, or whether it is of her own free Will. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets vii. 190 Having of her own free¬ will exposed her life. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 133 They were allowed to wander at their own free will. 2 . ‘ The power of directing our own actions with¬ out constraint by necessity or fate' (J.). ^1300 Cursor M. 9408 Wijt and skill he gaf pam till, Might, and fairhid, and frewill. 1340 Aye?ib. 86 pe uerste is uri-wyl huer-by he may chyese and do uryliche oper pet guod oper bet kuead. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. iv. pr. vi. 104 (Camb. MS.) Of the knowynge and predestinacion diuine and of the lyberte of fre wille. 1508 Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. cxlii. Wks. (1876) 259 He made vs and endued vs with reason and frewyll. 1538 Starkey England 1. ii. 28 Frewyl can not be wythout knolege, both of the gud and of the yl. 1654 Hobbes Liberty, Necess., etc. (1841) 1 The third way of bringing things to pass, distinct from necessity and chance, namely, freewill. 1700 Astry tr. Saavedra-Faxardo 1.205 Such variety of Events, as fortune produces, or free-will prepares. 1849 Robertson Serm. Ser. 1. ii. (1866) 22 With¬ out free-will there could be no human goodness. b. In a bad sense: Arbitrary or licentious will. 1514 Barclay Cyt. Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 34 In stede of vertue, ruleth frewyll & lust! 1547 Salesbury Welsh Did., Mymp'ivy , Frewyll. 3 . attrib. (in free-will offering) = given readily or spontaneously. 1535 Coverdale Ps.liiiti]. 6 A frewil offeringe wil I geue the. 1611 Bible Ps. cxix. 108 Accept, I beseech thee, the freewii offrings of my mouth. 1878 Bosvv. Smith Carthage 44 The free-will offerings of their golden ornaments by the Libyan women. b. attrib. and Comb, (sense 2). c 1575 Fulke Confut. Dodr. Purgatory (1577) 13 The free will men of our time. 1627 S. Ward Christ All in All 13 To all..merit and freewill-mongers. Hence Free-wiTled a., having the faculty of free¬ will ; Free-wiTler, a contemptuous term for one who believes in the doctrine of free-will, an Armi- nian ; Free-wrllist rare, a believer in free-will, a ‘ libertarian ’; + Free-willing a. (in Coverdale), spontaneous, giving (or given) freely. 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 889 Peccability arises from the necessity of imperfect *freewilled beings left to them¬ selves. 1709 Prior Ode to Col. Villiers, In vain we think that free-will'd Man has pow’r. 1685 Bunyan Pharisee 4* Publ., Wks. 1737 II. 681 So again, the *Free-willer, he will ascribe all to God. 1709 Strype Ann. Ref I. Iii. 562 Using therein the new coined phrase of free-willers. 1732-38 Nf.al Hist. Purit. (1822) I. 90 Besides these free-willers it seems there were some few in prison for the gospel that were Arians. 1814 Citron, in Ann. Reg. 534 Freewillers were persecuted as heretics. 1535 Coverdale Exod. xxxv. 29 The children of Israel brought *fre-wyllynge offerynges. — 1 Chron. xxx. 9 And y° people were glad that they were fre wyllinge : for they gaue it with a good wyll .. vnto the Lorde. 1867 Bagehot in Fortn. Rev. Nov. 522 Every *Freewillist holds that [etc.]. Free-WOman. A woman who is (personally) free; also, a woman who possesses the freedom of a city. (Cf. Freeman.) 1611 Bible i Macc. ii. 11 Of a free-woman shee is become a bondslaue. 1635 R. N. Camden's Hist. Eliz. 1. 3 She was alwaies her owne free woman and obnoxious to none. 1641 Hinde J. Bruen li. 168 Are ye not rather the children of the bond woman .. than children of the free woman. 1766 Entick London 1 .471 Any freeman or free woman of this city. Freeze (fr/z), sb . 1 [f. Freeze v.] The action of the vb. Freeze ; lit. and fig. Also freeze-out: see Freeze v. 7 ; freeze-up: see Freeze v. 2. c 1440 York Myst. xiv. 72 pe fellest frese pat euer I felyd. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Wks. 11. 256/2 The Lord, the Lowne, the Sir, the Swaine Against the freeze, of Freeze make winter suites. 1866 Dickens Lett. 6 Jan. (1880) II. 246, I am charmed to learn that you have had a freeze out of my ghost story. 1879 Lumberman s Gaz. 19 Dec., Most of the saw mills .. get as much of their stock into lumber before the freeze-up. 1882 Garden 18 Mar. 177/2 The severe frost of Oct. 5 .. was an exceptional freeze. 1884 Bread¬ winners (U. S.) 144 They organized a freeze-out against him. 1891 K. Field Washington IV. 383/2 During a freeze there is no comfort in a southern house. t Freeze, sb . 2 06 s. Also frees. (See quots.) Also freeze-water, water used for diluting wine. 16.. Songs Lond. Prentices (Percy Soc.) 155 Let me have but a touch of your ale. .Or tinkers frees, Or vintners lees. 1658 tr. Porta's Nat. Mag. xviii. 382 Freeze-water [orig. has aqua only] is thinner than new wine, and lighter. 1698 In Vino Veritas 8 A Liquid nick-named Freeze, which is.. but a hungry, thin, sorry kind of Cyder, which does us a .. kindness in lowering our Wines. 1719 D’Urfey Pills III. 104 They had fetched their Frees, And mired their Stomachs quite up to their Knees in Claret and good Cheer. Freeze (friz), v. Pa. t. froze (frV.), var. of Freke, Friar. Freis, var. of Freeze. Freit (frit). Sc. Forms: 5-6 fret©, 6-9 freet, 7 freite, 8 fret, 7- freit. [a. ON .fritt fern., news, inquiry, augury, corresponding to OE. freht (for *freoht , friht ), oracle (whence frihtere diviner, frihtrian to divine), from the root of Frayne.] Anything to which superstition attaches; an omen ; a superstitious formula or charm ; a super¬ stitious observance or act of worship. a 1300 Cursor M. 28310, I .. folud wiche-crafte and frete, and charmyng. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. xviii. 362 Mak- beth aye In fantown Fretis had gret Fay. 1533 Bellenden Livy 1. (1822)42 The Albanis hallowit thair fretis, andterri- bill conjuraciouns. 1597 J AS * L Daemonol. 1. iv. 11 All kinde of practicques, freites, or other like extraordinarie actiones. ?i7.. Adam o' Gordon xxvii, in Pinkerton Select. Sc. Ballads (1783) I. 49 Wha luik to freits, my master deir, Freits will ay follow them. 1768 Song in Ross' Helenore (1789) 147 Fouk need not on frets to be standing That’s woo’d and married and a'. 1868 G. Macdonald R. Falconer III. 70, ‘I dream aboot him whiles sae lifelike, that I canna believe him deid. But that’s a* freits.’ Hence Prei ty a ., superstitious. 1788 J. Macaulay Poems (1790) 122, I. .saw a blade fast sticking to my hose, An’, being freety, stack it up my nose. 1818 Edin. Mag. Sept. 154 Deeply imbued with the super¬ stitious and freitty observances of his native land. + Freith., v. Sc. Obs. Also 4 freth. [Sc. form of Frith v.~\ trans. To set free, liberate. To freith otieself: to perform one’s promise, esp. in Sc. Law. To release from an obligation or pecuniary burden. 13.. Assis. Dav. II in Balfour*s Practicks (1754) 18 To freith and releive thair borghis, except thay have a lauchfull essonyie. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Adrian 290 To freth his borowis & mak fre. 1466 Acta Dom. Audit. (1839) 3 . To freith the said landis .. of the v mercis .. that he grantis he promist to pay. c 1470 Henry Wallace ix. 1516 Wallace gert freith the wemen, off hys grace. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 187 That tha had done, and freith [thame] for to go To thair awin land. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot, x. 319 The Protectour denyes ony way to freith the Erie afor the weiris be endet. Ibid. 350 Quene mother suld suirlie freith her selfe in al, quhat euir scho had promiste. + Freke. poet. Obs. Forms: 1 freca, 5-6 freak(e, freik(e, (5 frecke, freeke, freyke), 4- freke. [OE. freca , properly subst. use of free , Freck a.] Properly, one eager for fight; a warrior, champion ; but usually a mere poetic synonym for ‘man’ (cf. heme , tulk , wye). Beowulf 1563 He gefeng J>a fetel-hilt freca scyldinga. 13.. K. Al/s. 2161 Oure kyng hath this freke y-felde. c 1420 Avow. Arth. xl, Wele armut and dy^te, As freke redy to fy3te. c 1450 Bk. Curtasye 255 in Babees Bk. 305 Go not forthe as a dombe freke. 15.. Scotish ffeilde 50 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 214 When his father, that feirce freake, had finished his dayes. a 1555 Lyndesay Tragedy 218 Than euery freik thay tuke of me sic feir. a 1605 Montgomerie Commend, of Love 39 Fy on that freik that can not love. t Freland, frelange. Obs. (See quot.) 1690 Evelyn Mundus Mulieoris 6 Place aright.. Frelange, Fontange. — Fop Did., Frelan [ed. 2 Freland ], Bonnet and Pinner together. + Freis, v. Obs. Forms : i fr^olsian, 3 Orm. fre(o)llsenn, 4 frels(en. [OE. frdolsian, i.frtols str. masc., neut. ‘freedom, time of freedom, festival’, also as adj. ‘free’; cf. OFris. frihals freedom, OHG. frihals free man, freedom, ON. frials adj. free, Goth, freihals freedom ; the sb. (adj.) means literally ‘ free neck’ : see Free a. and Hals.] 1 . trans. To keep (a holy day) free from work; to celebrate. c 1000 -'Ki.fkic Exod. xxxiv. 21 Wire six dajas and freolsa 3 one seofoSan. c izoo Ormin 8895 To frellsenn jreer )xut heijhe tid O fait Judisskenn wise. 2 . To set (a person) free; to free, release. c 1250 Lord's Prayer in Rel. Ant. I. 22 Freis us fra alie ivele jbinge. a 1300 Cursor M. 10082 His folk to freis fra sin and scam. Fremail, var. of Fermail. 1892 G. Lambert Gold fy Silversmiths' Art 48 Another fremail of gold, garnished with three pearls. Fremd (fremd), a. Obs. exc. Sc. and north. Forms: ifr®mde,frem(e)de, Northunib. frempe, 2-6 fremde, 3 frsemde, Orm. fremmde, freo- mede, south, vreomede, 3-5 frem(m)ed(e, (4 fremned, frimmed), 4-5 fremyd, 5-9 A. frem(m)it, -yt, 4-7 frem(m)e, (7 fremb), 5-7 frem(e)(d, fremb’d(e, 6 frenned, 7, 9 Sc. frem, (9 fraim), 6, 8 Sc. fram(m)et, (8 fram’d, 9 fraumit), 9 Sc. frem’t, frem(m)’d. [Com. Tent.: OE .frynede, frynde, jrynpe = OS .fremithi (Du. vreemd ), OHG. framadi, Jremidi strange, wonder¬ ful (MHG. vremede , vremde), Goth, framaps for¬ eign, estranged OTeut. *framo}>jo -, frami]>jo - f. *fram- : see From.] 1 . Foreign : see Foreign 8. a 1000 Laws of Ine (Schmid) § 20 Gif feorcund mon, o 35 e fremde, butan wege ^eond wudu gonge. c 1386 Chaucer Sqr.'s T. 421 A faukoun peregryn than semed sche Of fremde lond. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. vii. 4 Ambassadouris thay directe to framit natiounis quha war FREME. 531 FRENCH. thair special freinds. ? 17.. in Child Ballads 11. Hi. A. (1884) 450/2, I wish I had died on some frem isle, And never had come hame ! 1858 Mrs. Oliphant Laird of Norlaw I. 209 ‘ Dinna bring me a daughter of that land to vex me as the fremd woman vexed Rebecca.’ 1864 T. Clarke Westnild. Dial, in Kemial Merc. 30 Jan., It mappni mud lead me inta sum fremm’d cuntry. b. = Foreign 4 . 1581 Mulcaster Positions xli. (1887) 242, I may not at this time prosecute this position, as to fremd for this place. 2. Strange, unknown, unfamiliar. Also ellipt. or absol. (quasi-j^.). 7'he fremd : strangers. Of an incident: Remarkable, surprising. C950 Lindisf. Gosf*. John x. 5 ForSon ne cuSon stefn 3 ara fremfte. a 1225 Ancr. R. 106 His deore deciples. .bileueden him ajle one, ase ureomede. a 1300 Cursor M. 28292 Priuetis o fremyd and frende I haue discouerd. c 1385 Chaucer L . G. IV. 1046 Dido, That nevere yit was so fremde a cas. 14.. in Pol. Rel. # L. Poems (1866) 249 Eueryman, bo|>e fremyd & kouth, Xul comyn with-outyn ly. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems <1893) 307 The fremmit thairof thair baggis can fill. 1535 Durham Depos. (Surtees) 52 Let her take 2 fremde menne, or frendes, and I other 2. 1580 Sidney Arcadia(1622) 87 Cowards. .With sight offearefrom friends to fremb’d doe flie. 1863 Mrs. Gaskell Sylvia’s L. (1874) 184 ‘There’s a fremd man i’t’ house, I heerd his voice I 1 1871 W. Alexander Johnny Gibb xxxv. (1873) 199 Mary Howie needin’ to gae awa’ to the frem’t. b. Wild, opposed to tame . c 1374 Chaucer Troylus 111. 480 (529) A 1 this world is blynd In this matere, bothe fremed and tame. 3. Like a stranger, estranged, unfriendly. Of the bearing, voice, etc.: Strange, forced, unnatural. Const, in OE. with dat., with , till, a xooo Sal. <5* Sat. 68 FracoS he biS Sonne and fremede frean aelmihtigum. a 1240 Ureisutt in Cott. Horn. 200 Woa is me ]>et ich am so freomede wi (5 \>e. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus 11. 199 (248) Lat be to me your fremde maner speche. ? a 1400 Morte A rth. 3343, I hafe bene frendely, freke, and freinmede tille other. 1508 Dunbar Gold. Targe 225 On syde scho lukit wyth ane fremyt fare. 1580 Sidney Arcadia in. Wks. 1724 II. 719 And makes them fremb’d, who friends by nature are. 1636 Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. 178 He looked fremed and unco-like upon me when I came first here, a 1651 Calderwood Hist. Kirk (1843) 11 - 280 The Erie of Murrey was so frem to Mr. Knox, that [etc.]. 1789 Burns 5 Carlins xx, Monie a friend that kiss’d his caup, Is now a fremit wight. 1859 J- Brown Rab % F. 9 Rab called rapidly, and in a fremyt voice. Proverb. 1721 Kelly Sc. Prov. 72 Better my friend think me framet, than fashious. 1823 Scott Quentin D. vi, ‘Better kind fremit, than fremit kindred.’ b. Adverse, unpropitious, hostile. 1423 J as. I Kingis Q. xxiv, So infortunate was we that fremyt day. X513 Douglas AEneis 1. i. 58 Scho thame for- drivis .. by fremmit weird full mony 3eris tharbye. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) I. 323 Sayand the Britis fremit war and fals. 4. Not related, of another family or house ; op¬ posed to sib or kin. Often ellipt. or absol . a X200 Moral Ode 34 Sone wule hine foneten ]?e fremede and he sibbe. a 1225 Ancr. R. 184 Nanmore j?en [>u woldest beaten a ureomede child ]>auh hit agulte. c 1340 Ham pole Prose Tr. (1866) 8 Many .. neuer haue halde he ordyre of lufe ynesche haire frendys sibbe or ffremede. c 1460 II020 Goode Wif taught hir Doughter 17 in Hazl. E. P. P. I. 181 Make thou none iangelynge withe fremed ne withe sibbe. c 1510 Barclay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) B iij, For thy fremde folke and seruauntes to prouide. 1530 Palsgr. 627, I make of a frenned chylde my sonne by the lawe. Je adopte. 1550 Coverdale Spir. Perle xvi. 126 Those children that are nursed by frembd mens fyers. x6ix Cotgr., Affiliation , adoption, or the conferring on fremme children all aduantages belonging to naturall ones. 1862 Hislop Prov. Scot. 143 Mak friends o’ fremit folk. Hence Premdly adv., strangely, like a stranger; unkindly. Fremdness, strangeness, coldness ; also personified. 13 .. Gan). <5* Gr. Knt. 714 Fer floten fro his frendez fremedly he rydez. c X500 Lancelot 1508 [They] haith no thonk bot fremmytness of the. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 2 Fra all the Scottis prescribit war ilkone. .So fremmit- lie in mony sindrie land. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus 111. 6 The Iustice Clark, was callit Fremmitnes. 1569-70 Knox Let. to Cecil 2 Jan. in Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) III. 318, I have been fremedly handled. 1807 J. Stagg Poems 49 The hand of fate unkeynde Has us’d us fremtly. t Preme, Obs. Forms: 1 fr§mu, freomo, 2-3 freme, 3 freoma, -e, 4 south, vreme. [OE. frynu str. fem., noun of quality from fram forward.] Advantage, benefit, profit. Cf. Frame sb. 1. a 700 Epinal Gloss. 135 Beneficium , fremu. c 888 K. jElfred Boeth. xiv. § 1 Hwelc fremu is fte 3 aet, < 5 cet ];u wilnixe Jnssa andweardena gesaelha. c 1000 Sax. Leechd, I. 84ponne ys wen ]>aet hyt him cume to mycelre freme. a X175 Cott. Horn. 217 pat we hine [God] lufie. .naht him to mede ac us to freme and to fultume. c 1205 Lay. 674 He deS him selua freoma} a helped his freondene. 1258 Charter Hen. Ill in Tyrrell Hist. Eng. (1700) II. App. 25 Ure treowthe for the freme of the Loande. 1340 Ayenb. 69 Yef enye of hare uryendes ham wyllej? rede and hare ureme ssewy na3t ham nolle]? yhere. t Freme, V. Obs. Forms : 1-2 fr§mian, fr§m- man,3freme(n, -ien,(fremmen, froemen, south. vreomien). [OE. frynian , frynman trans. and intr. = OFris. fremma, OS. fremmian , OHG. (gi-freme>i, ON. fremja OTeut. *framjan , f. *fram forward : see From.] 1. trans. To help forward, promote the interests of; to benefit; to refresh (with food, etc.). Also, to indulge. Beowulf 1832 Ic on Hijelace wat.. pat he mec frem- man wile weordum ond worcum. a 1000 A ndreas 936 (Or.) Da;t ic ea< 5 e ma:g anra fcehwylcne fremman and fyroran freonda minra. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 2367 Ha. .bisohte..paet he for his freolec, firstede hire & fremede. c X250 Gen. fy Ex. 1245 3 he gan fremen ysmael Wi 3 watres drinc and bredes mel. 2. intr. a. To profit, be of service, b. To gain ground, make progress; = Frame v. i and 2. c 1000 jElfric Gen. xxxvii. 20Donne bip gesyne, hwcethim his swefn freinion. c 1000 Ags. Gosp . Matt. xvi. 26 Hwst frema '5 aenegum menn peah he [etc.]. C1175 Lamb. Horn. in Ne ligge nefre on pine heorde, pet hauelese monnam meie fremian. a 1225 Ancr. R. 284 Gif Jm hauest.. eni ofter ping pet ham wolde ureomien. a 1300 E. E. Psalter lxxxviii[i]. 22 Noghte freme in him sal pe faa. 3 . traits. To accomplish, effect, perform. Beovvulf 2800 Fremmao ge nu [MS. gena] leoda pearfe. a 1000 Czdmon's Gen. 30 (Gr.) pass engles mod, pe pone unraed ongan aerest fremman. c 1205 Lay. 24010 Heo scullen me monradene mid moscipe fremmen. c 1300 Havelok 441 Alle haueden sworen. .That he sholden hise wille freme. t Fre meful, a. Obs. [OE.frpnfull, l. frynu, Freme sb. + -ful.] Advantageous; profitable; beneficial, beneficent. ci 000 Sax. Leechd. I. 152 Dysse wyrte wos ys swy<$e fremful. CX175 Lamb. Horn. 109 Ne bi <5 naut his lare fremful. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 149 Swich wop is frem¬ ful to wassende mide sinnes. 1340 Ayenb. 80 Me can todele pri manere guodes, guod worpssiplich, guod lostuoll, and guod uremuol. Hence Fre’mefully adv., profitably. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 175 Wat it bitocneS. .fremfulliche to understonden. + Frement, a. Obs. — 0 [ad. L. frementem , pr. pple. of fremere to roar.] Roaring. 1656-8X in Blount Glossogr. Fremescence (freme*sens). rare. [f. next: see -ence.] An incipient roaring. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. v. iv, Confused tremor and fremescence; waxing into thunderpeals, of Fury stirred on by Fear. Fremescent (freme-sent), a. rare, [as if ad. L. *fremescent-em, pr. pple. of fremescere , freq. vb. f. ' i L.fremb r e to roar.] Murmuring, growing noisy. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. II. vi. vii. (1872) 250 Fremescent clangour comes from the armed Nationals. 1881 Scotsman 9 May 4 On either side fremescent crowds jostle and growl. t Fre’mish, V. Obs. [a. OF. and F. fremiss- lengthened stem of frdmin— pop. L. *fremire, L. fremere .] intr. To shudder. Of the ranks in an army: To waver. c 1425 Found. St. Bartholomew's (E. E. T. S.) 5 He fremyshid, and for drede tremelyd. C1450 Merlin 162 He . .rode in a-monge hem that alle the renges fremysshed. II Fremitus (fre'mit^s). [L. verbal sb. f. fre - mere to roar.] a. A dull roaring noise, b. Path . A palpable vibration or thrill, e. g. of the walls of the chest. 1820 T. Mitchell Aristoph. I. p. lvi, The conviction of Cleinias is followed by a fremitus of applause. 1879 Khory Princ. Med. 47 The fremitus is the movement which can be felt by the hands on making the patient speak. t Fre mman. Obs. rare. Also 7 frinman. [f. Fremd a. + Man.] A person not related; a stranger. 1568 Hist. Jacob <$• Esau 11. ii. C ij, Where is betwene one fremman and an other, Lesse loue found than now betwene brother and brother? a 1639 Whateley Prototypes 1. xi. 105 ,1 proceede to Abrahams carriage toward forreiners that were not of his house, whether kinsmen or frinmen as we call them. Fremmit, fremyt, etc.: see Fremd a. Fren : see Frenne. French (frenj), a. and sb. Forms : 1 frgncisc, 3 frenkis, (4 frenkysch), 3-4 frankys, frankis, 3 Frenchis, freinsse, frence, frenchs, frenyneh, frense, (frennssee), frenysch, 3-5 Frensch(e, 3, 6 franch(e, 3-6 frensh(e, 4 freynsch, 4, 6 frenehe, 5 frenssh(e, 3- French. [OE .fryicisc, f. franc-a Frank sb . 1 + -isc, -ish; the suffix pro¬ duces umlaut. With respect to the contraction, which began in early ME., cf. Welsh from OE. wielisc, Scotch from Scottish. The equivalent continental Teut. frankisk-. Latinized as franciscus , became in OF ,/ranceis, -ois, mod.F. franfais ; but the fem ,/ranceise instead of francesche shows that the termination was very early confused with -eis :—L. -ensis (see -ese). ] A. adj. 1 . Of or pertaining to France or its inhabitants. O. E. Chron. an. 1003 (Laud MS.), Her wses Eaxeceaster abrocen )>urh (rone Frenciscan ceorl Hugon. c 1205 Lay. 3239 Aganippus fie Frennsce king. <: 1250 Gen. y Ex. 81 Des frenkis men o france moal, it nemnen ‘ un jur natural c 1450 Coif. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 118 Thi bowe is bent Newly now after the Frensche gyse. a 1490 Botoner I tin. (Nasmith 1778) T25 Trewrew, a frensh priorie. 1529 Supplic. to King (E. E. T. S.) 52 Nowe the Frenshe fasshyon, nowe the Spanyshe fasshyon. 1592 G. Harvey Four Lett. Wks. (Grosart) I. 174 Such French occurrences .. as the credible relation of inquisitiue frendes .. shall acquaint me withall. 1612 Webster White Devil (Rtldg.) 34/2, I have a rare French rider. <11687 Petty Polit. Arith. iv. (r69t) 85 The value of the French commodities brought into England. 1712 Steele Spect. No. 350 r 1 An Engagement between a French Privateer .. and a little Vessel of that Place. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VII. r2o It was eighteen feet and an half, French measure, in length. 1782 Cowper Truth 128 An Indian mystic or a French recluse. Tf Misused for : Gaulish. Obs. 1548 W. Patten Exflcd. Scott. Pref. in Arb. Garner III. 57 For killing Viridomax the French king in [the] field at the river of Padua. 1616 Budden tr. /Erodius 1 Disc. Parent's Hon. 4 C. Flaminius. .which enacted the law about the partage of some french grounds. b. with reference to the language, its words or phrases, compositions written in it, etc. Partly an attrib. use of the sb. French class, a class to which French is taught; so French master. a 1300 Cursor M. 24 Sanges sere of selcuth rime, Inglis, frankys, and latine. c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. r 174 Tbilke newe frenshe song. 1780 Cowper Progr. Err. 375 His stock a few French phrases got by heart. 1870 Dickens E. Drood iii, The French class becomes so demoralised that [etc.]. •(• e. French fox : a game of some kind. Obs. 1759 Mrs. Delany Life 4 Corr. (1861) III 575 How do you think we warmed and amused ourselves? Why I taught them French Fox. 2 . Flaving the qualities attributed to French per¬ sons or things ; F rench-like. t French fare : ? elaborately polite behaviour. 13.. Gaiu. 35 We shall go in our frenche hoodes euery day. 1636 Jackson in Hygiasticon To Translator, For these loose times, when a strict sparing food More’s out of fashion then an old French hood. b. ?A head-dress worn by women when punished for unchastity. 1568 Durham Depos. (Surtees) 89 A whipe and a cart and a franc hoode, waies me for the, my lasse. Frenchification (fremjifik^-jan). [See -fica- TION.] The action of Frenchifying. 1834 New Monthly Mag. XL. 226 They had assumed all the Frenchifications possible. 1863 Lytton Caxtoniana II. xxv. 265 Where he [Pope] was deemed by his contem¬ poraries to have improved upon Dryden, it was in the more complete Frenchification of Dryden's Style. Frenchified (fre-njifaid),///. a. [f. next + -ED 1 .] 1 . contemptuous. Having French manners or qualities; French-like. 1597 B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. i. i, This is one Monsieur Fastidious Brisk, otherwise called the fresh Frenchified courtier. 1606 Sir G. Goosecappe 1. i. in Bullen O. PI. III. 8 Can yee not knowe a man from a Marmasett, in theis Frenchified dayes of ours? 1717 D. Jones Seer. Hist. Whitehall II. 328 Which Procedure thunderstruck the King and his Frenchify’d Council. 1770 J. Vow Cricket 4 The Frenchifi’d Diversion of Billiards. 1819 Hermit in Lond. III. 116 Frenchified John Bull is a would-be butterfly, and a positive blockhead. 1861 Thackeray Four Georges ii. (1876) 51 The home satirists jeered at the Frenchified .. ways which they brought back. •|- 2 . (See quot. 1659). Obs. *655 Culpepper, etc. Riverius ii. viii. 85 One Man. .whom he suspected to be Frenchified. 1659 Torriano, Rinfran- cescdre, to be or become frenchified, or full of the French- pox. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Frenchified, in the French Interest or Mode ; also Clapt or Poxt. 1725 in New Cant. Diet. Frenchify (fre njifei), v. [f. French a. + -fy.] 1 . trans. To make French in form or character, imbue with French qualities, render French-like. 1592 Greene Upst. Courtier Wks. (Grosart) XI. 247 Or will you be Frenchefied with a loue locke downe to your shoulders? 1605 Verstegan Dec. Intell. viii. (1628) 281 Arnoldsonne was Frenchefied into Fitz-Arnold. X74X Richardson Pamela I. Let. to Editor 13 Reduce our Sterling Substance into an empty Shadow, or rather frenchify our English Solidity into Froth and Whip-syllabub. 1761 Citron, in Ann. Reg. 125/2 They dressed him m a bag-wig.. frenchified him up. 1852 Macaulay in Life <$• Lett. (1883) II. 363 What a quantity of French words have I used ! I sup¬ pose that the subject Frenchifies my style. 2 . intr. To become French in ideas, manners, etc.; to have French sympathies. x 775 J* Jekyll Corr. 19 Aug. (1894) 46 ’Tis in these domesticated visits one Frenchifies most. 1799 European Mag. XXXVI. 60 JVhat astonishes me most is, that this custom of Frenchifying should be so prevalent among us. Frenchism (fre-njiz’m). [f. French a. + -ism.] A French custom, idiom, or characteristic; a Gal¬ licism. FRENCHIZE. 533 FRENZY. 1750 H. Walpole Lett. H. Mann ( 1834) II. 306 It is very amusing though very full of Frenchisms. Frenchize (fre’njoiz), v. [f. as prec. + -ize.] trans. To turn into French. 1887 Athenieum 26 Mar. 421/2 Kill-devil (Frenchized into f t til dive'). 1887 Furnivall R. Brunne's Chron. IVace Rolls) I. 2 mare'., Master Wace frenchized all the Latin Brute till Cadwallader’s time. French, leave. Originally, the custom (in the 18 th c. prevalent in France and sometimes imitated in England) of going away from a recep¬ tion, etc. without taking leave of the host or hostess. Hence, jocularly, to take French leave is to go away, or do anything, without permission or notice. 1771 Smollett Humph. Clinker (1895) 238 He stole away an Irishman’s bride, and took a French leave of me and his master. 1772 Town <$• Country Mag. 33 She.. left Fanny with French leave. 1775 J. Jekyll Corr. (1894) 28 [French eti¬ quettes] are precise to a degree .. I will allow that.. taking French leave (which gains ground even among us at present) is easy and natural. But, on the contrary .. there is more formality, .in entering one assembly here [France] than in taking the round of routs for a whole winter in London. 1775 Trusi.er ChesterfelcVs Princ. Politeness (ed. 4) 72 As the taking what is called a French leave was introduced that on one person’s leaving the company the rest might not be disturbed, looking at your watch does what that piece of politeness was designed to prevent. 182X W. Gifford in Smiles J. Murray (1891) II. xxi. 55 The few teeth I have seem taking their leave — I wish they would take a French one. 1866 Mrs. H. Wood St. Martin''s Eve xiii, Her roving son had taken French leave to go back to London. Frenchless (fremjles), a. [f. French sb . + -less.] Having no French. 1818 Moore Fudge Fam. Paris ix. 26 As for me, a French¬ less grub, At Congress never born to stammer. 1894 Sat. Rev. 3 Mar. 230 The rest [of the Romaunt of the Rose ] has to go m double columns of smaller type, Frenchless. French-like, adv. and a. [f. as prec. + Like.] A. adv. After the manner of the French people; in French fashion. c 1550 Cheke Matt, xviii. 17 note , We folowing y 0 greek calle yis house, as y e north doth yet moor truli sound it, y° kurk, and we moor corruptli and frenchlike, y 0 church. 1597-8 Bp. Hall Sat. 111. vii. 34 His haire, French-like, stares on his frighted hed. 1632 Lithgow Trav. in. 126 Whatsoever extortion or injury they use against him, he must be French-like contented, bowing his head, and making a counterfeit shew of thankes. B. adj. Like the French. 1848 in Craig. Frenchly (fre-njli), (a.) adv. [f. French a. + -ly.] f A. adj. (See quot.) Obs.—° B. adv. In a French manner, French-like. 1513 Douglas /Eneis 1. Prol. 269 This wther buik.. Quhilk, ondir colour of sum Franch strang wicht, So frenschlie leis, oneth twa wourdis gais richt. 1530 Palsgr. 313/1 Frenchely belongyng to the countrey of Fraunce Gaule Gallican. 1559 Mirr. Mag. (1563) Salisbury xxxii, And they as frenchly took them selues to flyght. 1599 H. Buttes Dyets Dry Dinner Piv, Go Frenchly: Duchly drink: breath Indianly. 1847 Mrs. F. Trollope Three Cousins (1866) 33 A word too Frenchly expressive to admit of translation. 1882 Miss Woolson Anne xxii. 344 He only smiled, .and Frenchly shrugged his shoulders ! Frenchman (fre*njmaen). [f. French a. + Man. In early use two words.] 1. A man of French birth or nationality. O. E. Chron. an. 1052 (Laud MS.), pa Frencisce menn. c 1*205 Lay. 7663 iElc Frensc mon pe wes aht haefS hine seolfne bi-poht. a 1300 Cursor M. 239 Mast es it wroght for frankis man. 1382 Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 516 Sharper enemys and traitours pan Frensshe men and alle opere naciouns. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxliv. (1482) 295 The kyng .. was wonder sore agreued and right euyll payed toward the frensshmen. 1545 Ascham Toxoph. (Arb.) 79 The spanyardes, franchmen and germanes. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts 125 The breast is by the Frenchmen called peculiarly Hampan. 1782 Cowper Truth 303 The French¬ man first in literary fame. 1841 T. A. Trollope Summer W. France I. i. 5 The generality of Frenchmen, too, are naturally averse to travelling. f b. Incorrectly used for: An ancient Gaul. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 271 Afterward he come and brak the siege of Frensche men [ Gallorum ]. 1513 Douglas yEneis vm. xi. 35 How the Franchemen did the 3et assaill. 1600 Holland Livy xxii. Ivii. 467 A Frenchman together with a French woman. 2. A (good, etc.) French scholar, colloq . 1670 Cotton Espernon Pref., The greater part of them being better Frenchmen, than I pretend to be. 1828 Ben- tham Wks. 1843 I. 247 The subject was not without its diffi¬ culties ; the language French : lam but a sorry Frenchman now; I was, I imagine, not quite so bad an one then. 3. A French ship. 1889 Daily News 21 Oct. 6/5 The vessel.. proved to be a Frenchman. f 4. In Virginian tobacco-raising (see quot. i688\ 1688 J. Clayton in Phil. Trans. XVII. 948 French-men they call those Plants, whose leaves do not spread and grow large, but rather spire upwards, and grow tall. 1896 P. A. Bruce Econ. Hist. Virginia I. 439 The plants, .showed, .a tendency to lag in their growth and to take a spiral shape. For this reason they were always referred to as ‘Frenchmen ’, a people who were associated in the Virginian mind with tallness and attenuation in form. Hence Pre nchmanlike a. and adv. 1807 W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. V. 560 The character of Orasmane is somewhat too chivalrous and Frenchmanlike for an Eastern sultan. 1827 Southey Penins. War II. 419 Frenchmen like, they had a theatre in their camp. [Frenchmore, error for Trenchmore.] Frenchness (fre*njhes). [^French**. + -ness.] The quality or state of being French or of display¬ ing French characteristics. x8i6 Southey in Q. Rev. XIV. 357 The nauseating french- ness (if we may so call it) of the French stage. 1850 Chantb. Jml. XIV. 257 We are not so much inclined to smile at the Frenchness of the notion. t French-peire. 06s. rare. [a. OY.franche pccrc, freestone.] = Freestone. *593 Rites of Durh. (Surtees) 5 The two dores in the said French Peire dores. French polish. 1 . A polish for wood-work (see quot. 1874). 1819 P. O. Lond. Direct. 367 Wheeler, T., Warehouse for Bentley & Co’s French Polish. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 915 French polish , a solution of resin or gum resin in alcohol or wood naptha. 2 . ‘ The smooth glossy surface produced on cabinet-work by the application of this substance 3 (Ogilv.). Hence French-polish v. trans., to make smooth and glossy with French-polish,///.and fig.\ French. - polished 'ppl. a. Also French-polisher, one who French-polishes (furniture, etc.). 1836 Dickens Sk. Boz (1837) I. 132 You could..French- polish yourself on any one of the chairs. 1847 Alb. Smith Chr. Tadpole iv. (1879) 40 Houses of rustling brocade and French-polished mahogany. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade , French-polisher. 1863 Kingsley Water Bab. 144 A shoal of porpoises, .all quite smooth and shiny, because the fairies French-polish them every morning. 1879 Daily News 7 Apr. 3/1 Their boat..has just been left by the French polisher. punningly. 1886 Ruskin Prxterita I. vi. 202 The modern German-plated and French-polished tourist. Frenchwoman. A woman of France; also misapplied, fa woman of ancient Gaul. *593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI , 1. iii. 143 Was’t I ? yea, I it was, prowd French-woman. 1600 [see Frenchman 1 b]. 1870 Emerson Soc. Solit. vii. 148 As was said of the letters of the Frenchwomen. Frenchy (fre’nji), a. (adv.) and sb. [f. French a. + -y.] A. adj. Characteristic of what is French (as op¬ posed to English, etc.) ; French-like. 1826 H. N. Coleridge West Indies 148 St. Pierre is a pretty, .town, .it is neat and Frenchy. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Lit. Wks. (Bohn) II. 103 The Englishman .. pre¬ fers his hot chop .. to the .. amplest and Frenchiest bill-of- fare. Hence Frenchily adv. ; Frenchiness. 1881 Lit. World (Boston) 21 May 179/2 This [book] is ; an excellent piece of work, true to its title. Its strain is ; Frenchily enthusiastic. 1890 Pall Mall G. 29 Jan. 3/3 This j worship of Frenchiness I would brand as. .unworthy of cul¬ tured Englishwomen. B. sb. A disrespectful name for a Frenchman. 1883 Miss Yonge Stray Pearls II. xvi. 267 The squires had begun by calling him Frenchy. 1895 Daily News 27 Dec. 7/3 Of what nationality is he, then? — Witness: Why, I think he’s a Frenchy. Frend, obs. form of Friend. + Fre'ndent, a. Obs. rare ~ A . [ad. L. fren - dent-em, pr. pple. of frendere to gnash the teeth.] Gnashing the teeth. 1630 Lane Cont. Sqr.’s T. 204 (Ashm. MS.) His frendent horse of manie colors pied. Frenesy, obs. and dial, form of Frenzy, q.v. Frenetic, etc.: see Phrenetic, etc. Frenge, fren;e, obs. forms of Fringe. + Freni’gerent, a. Obs.—° [L.freniger bridle¬ bearing : for the termination cf. belligerent .] 1656-81 Blount Glossogr., Frenigerent, that ruleth the bridle. t Frenne, fren, a. and sb. Obs. [A corrupt form of frend , Fremd, influenced by etymologizing association with forenne , Foreign.] A. adj. Strange, not related, rare ~ *. 1553 Grimalde Cicero's Offices 1. (1558) 21 They conuey those same riches to frenne folke : which it were more reason bothe to bee delt and left to their kinsfolke. B. sb. A foreigner, stranger, enemy. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. Apr. 28 So now his frend is chaunged for a frenne [1597 fren]. Gloss., Frenne, a straun- ger. The word I thinke was. .poetically put, and afterwarde vsed in common custome of speech for forenne. 1614 Davies Eclogue in Browne's Past., If frennes forbeare at home hem to inuade, They wry their peace to noy each other. Frermm: see Fra:num. t Fre nzic, a. Obs. rare. In 6 frensyke,-icke, -eke. [f. Frenzy sb. + -ic.] =Frenzical. Hence Fre'nzicness. 1547 Recorde Judic. Ur. 27 But if the pacyent be fren- syke .. it doth most commynly betoken death. Ibid., If it be in a burnyng Ague, it is a token of frensycknesse. 1570 Levins Manip. 54 Frenseke, 121 Frensicke. t Fre’nzical, a. Obs. Also 6 fransical, 8 phrensical. [f. as prec. + -al.] Affected with, characterized by, or of the nature of frenzy; crazy, mad; wildly enthusiastic. a 1586 Sidney Waustead Play in Arcadia , etc. (1629) 619 A certaine fransical maladie they call Lone. 1677 Gilpin Demonol. (1867) 50 Their scorns shall have no more impres¬ sion upon us than the ravings of a frenzical person that knows not what he speaks. 1720 W. Gibson Diet. Horses vii. (1731) in When a horse is poisoned .. he will .. some¬ times be Phrenzical and delirious. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) V. viii. 96 Such a passion, .as might confirm the intimation I had given of a phrensical disorder. Frenzied (fre-nzid), ppl. a. [f. Frenzy v. + -ed 1 .] Affected with or characterized by frenzy; crazy, mad; distracted, frantic; wildly enthu¬ siastic. 1796 Jane West Gossip's Story I. 156 His troubl’d soul to phrensy’d rage By fancy'd wrong was stung. 1796-7 Cole- ridge. Sohh., To Author 0/ ‘ The Robbers' , Wandering at eve with finely frenzied eye. 1808 Scott Alarm. 1. xxix, St. Fillan’s blessed well, Whose springs can frenzied dreams dispel. 1838 Dickens Nick. Nick, xxviii, He danced in a frenzied manner round the sofa. 1874 L. Stephen Hours in \ Library (1892) I. ix. 312 Gatherings of frenzied enthusiasts. Flence Pre nziedly adv., in a frenzied manner. 1856 Kane A ret. Expl. I. xiv. 158 They hark frenziedly at nothing. Frenzy, phrenzy (fre-nzi), sb. and a. Forms: a. 4-6 frenesie, -ye, 4 frenesi, frensye, fransie, -ye, (4~5frenise, 5frenysye, franesie, (Sfrenyse, franzie), 4-7 frenesy, 5-6 fransey, 6-7 frensie, -zie, (7frensey), 5-9 frensy, (6 frenesi, fransy, -zy, 6-7 frenc(e)y), 7- frenzy. ( 3 . 6-7 phrene- sie, -ye, phrensie, -zie, 6-9 phrensy, (9 -esy), 7-phrenzy. See also Phrenesis. [ME .frenesie, a. OF. frenesie (F. frinSsie) = Pr. frenezia, It. frenesia, f. late L. phrenesis (whence directly Pr. frenezi, Sp. frenesi , Pg. frenesi), a pseudo-Gr. formation (on the analogy of pairs of related words in -Tjais, -tjtikos) after phrenetiens , corruption of Gr. (ppwiTiKos: see Frantic. The spelling with ph - is now rare; some writers show a tendency to prefer it when the reference is to prophetic ecstasy or demoniacal possession.] A. sb. 1 . Mental derangement; delirium, or temporary insanity; in later use chiefly the uncontrollable rage or excitement of a paroxysm of mania. Now somewhat rare in lit. sense. a. c 1340 Hampole Prose Tr. (1866) 17 A fantasie caused of trubblyng of he brayne, as a mane hat es in a frensye. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vii. v. (1495) 225 Frensy is an hote postume in certayn skynnes and fellesof the brayne, and therto folowyth wakynge and rauyng. c 1440 Hylton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 11. xxii, Thou shalt fall in to syckenes or in to fantasyes or in to frenesyes. 1549 Compl. Scot. xv. 124, I may compair them til ane man in ane frenyse, quhilk bytis his auen membris vitht his tetht. 1674 Milton P. L. (ed. 2) xi. 485 Demoniac frenzy, moping melancholy, And moon-struck madness. 1713 Swift Frenzy off Denny Wks. 1755 III. 1. 138 An officer of the custom house, who was taken ill of a violent frenzy last April. 1794 Coleridge On a Friend who died of a Fever 17 Till frenzy ..Darts her hot lightning-flash athwart the brain. 1838 Thirlwall Greece V. 219 He must have been subject to tem¬ porary fits of frenzy. / 3 . 1562 Turner Herbal 11. 133 b, Rinning thyme .. is .. good. .for the phrenesye. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. iii. § 1 They thinke and doe as it were in a phrensie they know not what. <21617 Bayne On Eph. (1658) 82 Through phrenzie out of our right minds. 1793 Holcroft tr. Lavater's Physiog. i. 8 Should the light by being brought too close to his eyes produce phrensy, he may burn himself. 1835 Thirlwall GVmr* I. iv. iii The women of Argos were struck with phrenzy. 2 . pig. Agitation or disorder of the mind likened to madness; a state of delirious fury, rage, enthu¬ siasm, or the like; also, wild folly, distraction, craziness. a. [C1386 Chaucer Sompn. T. 501, I hold him in a maner frenesye.] ? a 1400 Morte A rth. 3827 He felle in a fransye for fersenesse of herte. C1422 Hoccleve Jereslaus' Wife 715 The Shipman had also the franesie, J>at with this Emperice hadde ment ffulfillid his foul lust of aduoutrie. 1532 More Confiit. Tindale Wks. 605/2 Happy were Tindall, if he were as well recouered of his fransies. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. v. i. 12 The Poets eye in a fine frenzy rolling. 1698 Fryer Acc. £. India 4* P. 266 That the Immortal Gods should be . .pleased with such Wickedness, is the highest Frenzy to believe. X791 Paine Rights of Mail (ed. 4) 8 When the tongue or the pen is let loose in a frenzy of passion. 1837 W. Irving Capt. Bonneville II. 231 The sight inspired almost a frenzy of delight. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 234 Some hot-headed Roman Catholic, driven to frenzy by the lies of Oates. 1871 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xviii. 112 An act done in the mere frensy of despair. ($. c 1665 Mrs. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1846) 379 note. His moderation in a time of phrenzy was surely a sufficient argument. 1795 Windham Speeches Pari. 5 Jan. (1812) I. 264 With all the phrenzy and fondness which men usually shew to their most extravagant opinions. 1813 Scott Rokeby 1. xii, I could have laughed..To see, in phrenesy sublime, How the fierce zealots fought and bled. 1855 H. Reed Lect. Eng. Hist. ix. 287 The king, probably to save his life from the phrensy of faction, banished him. b. A crazy notion or wild idea; also, a craze or mania (for something). 1632 J. Hayward tr. BiondVs Eromcna 126 A new phren¬ sie being come into his head of getting the Princesse. 1707 Curios, in Husb. $ Gard. 13 Whom the Frensy of Travell¬ ing never carry’d into Foreign Lands. 1761 Hume Hist. Eng. III. lx. 291 Accustomed to indulge every chimera in politics, every frenzy in religion. 3 . attrib. and Comb., as frenzy-pointed, -rolling adjs.; frenzy-fever, a fever attended with de¬ lirium, ? brain-fever. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage { 1614)003 Had halfe his people on this Coast sicke of shaking, burning, *frenzie-fevers. 1806 Ant id. Mis. Hum. Life iii [She] was seized with the scarlet fever, from which she was scarcely recovered when she was attacked by a still more formidable one, a frensy fever. 1835 Talfourd Ion 11. iii, The dull groan and *frenzy-pointed shriek Pass them unheard to heaven. 1777 FREQUENT. FRENZY. Warton Ode viii. 54 To bid her visions meet the *frenzy- rolling eye. Hence + Prenziful a., affected with frenzy. 1726 De Foe Hist, Devil i. iv, All these pretences of frenziful and fanciful people. B. adj, [? attrib. use of the sb.] +1. Mad, insane, crazy. Obs. 1577 tr. Bullingers Decades (1592) 205 He that bindeth a phrensie man, and waketh him that is sick of the lethargie, doth trouble them both, and yet he loueth them both. 1616 S. Ward Strut . (1635) 337 All these sharpers have but a frensie mans sleepe. 1647 Trapp Comm. Matt, v.44 Saunders ..being sent to prison by Stephen Gardner .. (who bad, Carry away this phrensie-fool, etc.). 2. dial. Angry; of a violent temper, passionate. 1859 Geo. Eliot A. Bede x, I daresay ye warna franzy, for ye look as if ye’d ne’er been angered 1 your life. 1876 S. Want/. Gloss., Franzy, passionate. 1884 Chester Gloss., Franzy, irritable. Hence f Pre nzily adv., + Frenziness. 1594 T. B. tr. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 11. 310 Vehement anger is often accompanied with frensinesse. a 1688 Bunyan Wks. (1692) I. 427/1 How frenzily he imagins ! Frenzy (fre*nzi),z/. [f. Frenzy jA] trans. To drive (a person) to frenzy, infuriate. 1810 A. Boswell Edinburgh 155 A poet .. Frenzied by change of manners and town fashion, Rails at the change. 1857 Buckle Civiliz. I. vii. 439 The people, frenzied by centuries of oppression, practised the most revolting cruel¬ ties. 1872 Daily News 18 Mar., The bare thought..frenzies him to the verge of madness. Hence Fre’nzying ppl. a. 1795 Southey Joan of Arc 11. 270 Ever and anon Some mother raised o’er her expiring child A cry of frenzying anguish. 1821 Shelley Prometh. Unb. 1. 267 Rain then thy plagues. .Ghastly disease and frenzying fear. Freprie, obs. form of Frippery. Frequence (frfkwens). [a. F. frequence, ad. L . frequentia, f. frequent-em \ see Frequent and -ENCE-] 1. An assembling in large numbers; a crowded state or condition ; also concr. concourse, crowd, assembled throng. Obs. exc. arch. I S 3 S J. ap Rice in Four C. Eng. Lett. 33 There was here suche frequence of women commyng and reassorting to this monastery. 1579 Fulke Confut. Sanders 542 The great multitude of people in that church, by reason of thefrequens of the imperial city. _ a 1656 Bp. Hall Rein. Wks. (1660) n, I was encouraged with a sufficient frequence of Auditors. 1671 Milton P. R. i. 128 The Most High who, in full fre¬ quence bright Of angels, thus to Gabriel smiling spake. 1835 Browning Paracelsus 11. 242 Hold me before the frequence of Thy seraphs. 1871 — Balaust. 2001 He .. knew the friendly frequence there. f 2. Constant use of (something); familiarity, close acquaintance. Obs. 1603 Florio Montaigne 11. xxxvii. (1632) 428 [He] sub¬ mitted himselfe to that arte [medicine] .. by reason of the frequence he had in other Sciences. 1617 Bp. Hall Quo V adis xx. 79 Besides the ordinary practise of Idolatry, and frequence of oathes. 1624 — Rem. Wks. (1660) 4 Oh ye foolish Israelites with whom too much frequence made the food of Angels contemptible. 3. Frequent occurrence or repetition. 1603 Florio Montaigne m. v. 522 The long-continued frequence of this accident, should by this time have seasoned the bitter taste thereof. 1641 Ans7u. Vind. Smectymnuus Pref. 1 Bemoaning the frequence of scandalous Pasquins. 1868 Browning Ring <$■ Bk. vi. 1136 Ever some spiritual witness new and new In faster frequence. 1889 L. Keith Hurric. Petticoats I. x. 212 The granny. .wakes up to tell it [her story] anew with a zest that is never staled by frequence. t b. Physics . = Frequency 4 b. Obs. rare— x . 1748 Hartley Observ. Man 1. ii. 119 Vibrations of different Kinds, or Frequences. Frequency (frrkwertsi). [ad. L .frequentia-. see prec. and -ency.] +1. The state or condition of being crowded; also concr. a numerous assembly, concourse, crowd. * 553~87 Foxe A. <5- M. (1596) 196/1 The king com¬ manded all the .. prelats of the church to be called in a great solemn frequencie. 1570-6 Lambarde Peramb. Kent ■ (1826) 201 To Pinnendene Heath .. expert men of this Shyre .. came in great frequencie. 1601 R. John¬ son Kingd. Connmv. (1603) 114 Nothing doth better temper the aire of any place than the frequency of inhabi¬ tants. 1644 Milton Jdgnt. Bucer (1851) 290 He was for two years chief Professor .. with greatest frequency and applause of all learned and pious men. 1723 State0/Russia 1 .209 The frequency of People at Moskow was extraordinary on this Occasion. + 2. The fact of occurring at short distances apart; numerousness. Obs. 1659 B. Harris ParivaVs Iron Age 45 The enemies army could not enter, in regard of the frequency of great rivers. f 3. The constant use or repetition of (something); frequent practice. Obs. 1615 J. Stephens Satyr. Ess. 69 The patronage of Ple¬ beians .. The frequencie of which custome made Nobilitie famous. 1682 Norris Hierocles 14 Neither does this pre¬ cept of honouring an Oath forbid us Perjury only, but also frequency of Swearing. 1688 S. Penton Guardian's Instr. f 9 Oblige him to frequency of Writing Home. 1785 Sarah 'ielding Ophelia II. xviii, The frequency of vice had deadened her sense of it. + b. Frequent intercourse, familiarity with (a person); constant attendance at (a place). Obs. 1642 Howell For. Trav. (Arb.) 21 The greatest bane of English Gentlemen abroad, is too much frequency and com¬ munication with their own Countrey-men. x68o Ld. Capel Sp. Ho. Com. 26 Oct. in Collect • Poems 179 Who by his 534 frequency at the Palace, had seemed rather one of the Family. 4 . The fact of occurring often or being repeated at short intervals. Of the pulse : Rapidity. 1641 Ld. J. Digby Sp. Ho. Com. 19 Jan. 20 The frequencie of Parliament is most essentially necessary. 1696 tr. Du Mont's Voy. Levant 226 Earthquakes .. there happen’d four in one day .. Nor does their frequency make ’em less dreadful. 1732 Arbuthnot Rules of Diet 272 They increase the Strength and Frequency of the Pulse. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. IF. vii, I began..to be displeased with the frequency of his return. 1836 Hor. Smith Tin Trumpet (1876) 271 The diminished frequency of wars. 1883 A. Jessopp in 19 th Cent. XIII. 259 The ghastly frequency of the punishment of death tended to make people savage and bloodthirsty. b. Physics , etc. The rate of recurrence of any regularly repeated event, e.g. a vibration ; the num¬ ber of times that it occurs in a second or other assumed unit of time. , 183X Brewster Nat. Magic ix. (1868) 287 The pitch or frequency of vibration constituting the note. x88x Nature No. 616. 359 If the notes c' and d" are sounded together, their frequencies being in the ratio 8 : 9. 1893 Times 11 May 6/1 Alternating currents of high frequency. 1896 W. G. Woollcombe Pract. Work Physics in. 69 Take the average of these numbers for each fork to represent the ratio of their frequencies. t Frequent, sb. Obs. rare *~ 2 . [f. Frequent vi] Frequentation, resort. X63X Brathwait Whimzies , Decoy 28 Private alleys are his sanctuaryes in the citie: but places of publike frequent in the countrey. 1635 — Arccul. Pr. 11. 162 Private solitary groves Shut from frequent, his contemplation loves. Frequent (frrkwent), a. [ad. L . frequent-em crowded, frequent; cognate with farcire to stuff (see Farce z/. 1 ).] J* 1 . Of persons, an assembly, etc.: Assembled in great numbers, crowded, full. Often in full and frequent. Obs. 1590 Disc. cone. Span. Invas. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) II. 166 There was generally made throughout the whole realm a most frequent assembly of all sorts of people. 1606 Holland Sueton. 14 He. .in a ful and frequent assemblie.. besought the faithfull helpe and assistance of his soldiers. ci 6ix Chapman Iliad 11. 71 As when of frequent bees Swarms rise out of a hollow rock. 1638 Baillie Lett. (1775) I. 37 To-morrow, in Stirling, is expected a frequent council. X674 Dryden State Innoc. 1. Wks. 1883 V. 128 ’Tis fit in frequent senate we confer. 1725 Pope Odyss. xvi. 377 Apart they sate, And full and frequent, form’d a dire debate. X746 H. Walpole Lett, to SirH. Mann (1857) II. 38 One hundred and thirty-nine Lords were present, and made a noble sight on their benches frequent andfull 1 + b. Of a place: Filled, full, crowded (with persons, rarely with things). Also, much resorted to, frequented. Obs. » 53 6 Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. p. xviii, The erd is now mair frequent in pepil than it was. 1555 GrindalT?^;//. (1843) 239 Master Scoryand certain other..have an English Church there, but not very frequent. 1603 Holland Pin - tarcli s Mor. 342 When he was to play upon his harpe, for a prize in some frequent Theater. 1604 R. Cavvdrey Table Alph.f Frequent, much haunted, or goe too. 1673 Ray Journ. Lo'iu C. 1 The town..seemed frequent and full of people. 1815 Shelley Alastor 93 Halls, Frequent with crystal column, and clear shrines Of pearl. 2 . Found at short distances apart; numerous, abundant. Somewhat arch . 1605 Camden Rein. (1637) 2 [Britaine is], .beautified with many populous Cities .. frequent Hospitals [etc.]. X607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 343 There is no Beast so fre¬ quent as these in all Cilicia. 1657 R- Ligon Barbadoes (1673) 2 Pirats and Pickaroones: which are very frequent upon the Coasts of Spain. 1705 Addison Italy (1766) 149 Through frequent cracks the steaming sulphur broke. 1722 D. Coxe Carolina 86 The Plant .. is very frequent in most of the Southern Parts of this Country. x8i6 Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 217 Walls, .flanked and crowned by frequent square towers, i860 Hawthorne Transform. II. xvi. 275 It was a wise and lovely sentiment, that set up the frequent shrine and cross along the roadside. 3 . Commonly used or practised, well known, common, usual. Now rare . + Frequent to : com¬ monly occurring in. X531 Ei.yot Gov. iii. vii, Howe frequent and familiar a thynge with euery astate and degre throughout Chris- tendome is this reuerent othe. 1635 A. Stafford Fein. Glory (1869) 39, I have not ..used any one word not frequent and familiar, a 1668 Davenant Siege 1. Dram. Wks. 1873 IV. 375 In the epistles Dedicatory..tis frequent To bely men with praise. 1706 Congreve Disc. Pindaric Ode A j, There is nothing more frequent among us, than .. Pindarique Odes. 1762-7X H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) II. 239 Such enamelled plates being frequent to old watches instead of crystals. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 139 Such we may rely on it was a picture, and a correct one, of frequent life. 1869 Times 1 Jan. 4 It is frequent to impute to Radicals the wish to 1 Americanize our institutions’. t b. Of a report, etc.: Widely current. Of a book : Widely circulated, popular. Obs. X623 Crt. $ Times Jas. / (1849) H. 369, I was not then fully persuaded of the prince’s going to Spain, though the report were frequent, from London. 1626 Massinger Rom. Acton, i, ’Tis frequent in the city he hath subdued The Catti and the Daci. 1628 Earle Microcosm., Pot-Poet (Arb.) 46 His frequent’st Workes goe out in single sheets. 163X Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 62 The story is frequent. 4 . Happening or occurring at short intervals; often recurring; coming or happening in close suc¬ cession. Of the pulse: Blaster than is normal or usual (cf. F. pouls frdquent). The prevailing sense, by which all the others, so far as they survive, are more or less coloured. 1604 R. Cawdrey TableAlph., Frequent, often, done many times. 1615 J. Stephens Satyr. Ess. 260This watch-word will be frequent in his cups. 1662-3 Marvell Corr. xxxvii. Wks. 1872-5 II. 83 Concerning which you may expect frequente letters. 1707 Floyer Physic. Pulse- Watch 43 This Pulse is feverish.. and frequenter than the former. 1750 T. N ewton Postscr. to Milton's P. L., There have been frequent for¬ geries in the literary world. 1795 Genii. Mag. 539/2 The blights were this year..more frequent, and..more destruc¬ tive than usual. 1816 J. Wilson City of Plague 1. i, These green banks .. Brown, when I left them last, with frequent feet. x86o Tyndall Glac. 1. xxiii. 166 The snow was deep . .and our immersions in unseen holes very frequent. 5 . Addicted to, wont to indulge in (a practice, course of action) ; accustomed to do (something) ; given to repetition in (a subject). Now rare. 1560 Roll and Crt. Venus 11. 911 Bot weill :je knaw, thair is na men frequent To enter heir. 1608 Dod & Cleaver Expos. Prov. ix. & xii. 101 The holy Ghost in this booke, is very frequent in this point. x6ix Shaks. Wint. T. iv. ii. 36 He is..lesse frequent to his Princely exercises then formerly he hath appeared. 1616 Donne Serin, cliii. (Alford) VI. 118 The fathers were frequent in comparing.. Eve the Mother of Man and Mary the Mother of God. 1649 Bp. Hall Cases Consc. 7 How frequent the Scripture is in the prohibition of this practice. 17x0 Steele Tatler No. 244 p 5 Fellows of this Class are very frequent in the Repetition of the Words Rough and Manly. 1854-58 Newman Idea of University (1873) 329 Milton is frequent in allusions to his own history and circumstances. 6 . + a. That is often at or in (a place). Obs. b. (with an agent-noun): That does a thing often; constant, habitual, regular. x6xx Bible 2 Cor. xi. 23 In prisons more frequent: in deaths oft. 1624 Massinger Pari. Love 1. iv, In suffer¬ ing such a crew of riotous gallants .. to be so frequent Both in your house and presence. 1628 in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 208 Fyve of the frequentest Comuni- cants. •784 Cowper Task vi. 306 The timorous hare, Grown so familiar with her frequent guest, Scarce shuns me. 1857 Willmott Pleas. Lit. xi. 49 Of course, the frequent writer will in time be quick. x886 Ruskin Prseterita I. vii. 211 The Professor was a frequent guest at my grandmother’s tea-table. f c. That is often in company with (a person); familiar; conversant in (a subject). Obs. c 1600 Shaks. Sonn. cxvii, Accuse me thus .. That I haue frequent binne with vnknowne mindes. 16x5 J. Stephens Satyr. Ess. 214 A talkative Barber : with whome he is the more frequent. 1631 Heywood Eng. Eliz. (1641) 52 He was..In the liberall arts so frequent, that they appeared rather innate and born with him, then .. acquired. 1632 — •2nd Pt. Iron Age To Rdr., Wks. 1874 III. 352 Euery hard name, which may appeare obscure or intricate to such as are not frequent in Poetry. 7 . quasi -adv. (Also, in illiterate use, as a real adv. = Frequently, often.) 1614 Selden Titles Hon. 6 Such like more occurre in ancient and later Storie very frequent. 1784 Cowper Task II. 61 Th’ old And crazy earth has had her shaking fits More frequent. 1810 Scott Lady of L. 1. 490 Nor frequent does the bright oar break The darkening mirror of the lake. 1870 B. Harte Truthf James ii, But his smile it was pensive and childlike, As I frequent remarked to Bill Nye. Hence Frequentness, the state or condition of being frequent; frequency. 1664 H. More Expos. Seven Churches 07 a, The more- then-ordinary frequentness of burning the blessed Protestant Martyrs..in this Period. 1668 — Div. Dial. 11. viii. 217 Admit the necessity of dying, what necessity or conveniency of the frequentness of Diseases? 1862 Burton Bk. Hunter 344 The frequentness of saintship among the Irish. Frequent (fn kwe*nt), v. [ad. Y. frequentdre , f. frequent-em Frequent. Cf. Y. frequenter (re¬ corded from 12th c.).] 1 . trans. To visit or make use of (a place) often ; to resort to habitually; to attend (a meeting,etc.). X555 Eden Decades 320 The nauigation to India was then we! knowen and frequented. 1585 Abp. Sandys Serin, xv. 266 Many .. haue frequented sermons with appearance of great deuption.. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 769 This house is fiftie or threescore yards long, frequented onely by Priests. 1694 Gibson in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 227 He constantly frequented the Presbyterian meetings. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 148 p 4 A Coffee-house which I myself frequent. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 193 Some of those ways through the hills were much fre¬ quented. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. 1. § 11 Proper ideas or materials are only to be got by frequenting good com¬ pany. 1762-71 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint A 1888) III. 248 Drawing in the academy, which was then frequented, though established only by private contributions among the artists. 1834 L. Hunt Town iv. (1848) 191 The Church of St. Clement Danes .. was the one most frequented by Dr. Johnson. 1860 Merc. Marine Mag. VII. 213 Whales of the species called ‘ California Greys frequent this. .bay. 2 . To visit or associate with (a person) ; to be frequently with (a person) or in (his company). Now somewhat rare. 1477 Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 123 Frequente and haunte the companyes of wysemen and not of the riche. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 293 If you frequent thecom- panie of Crates, a man indued with rare wisdome. 1580 Sidney Ps. xxvi. iii, I did not them frequent, Who be to vainesse bent. x6x6 in J. Brown Bunyan i. (1887) 4 He doth frequent and keep company with Margarett Bennett. 1683 Penn Wks. (1782) IV. 307 Nor do their husbands frequent them till that time [their month] be expired, a 1734 North Lives { 1826) II. 192 His Lordship had one friend that used to frequent him much. X889 Lowell Latest Lit. Ess. (1892) 145 It is for other and greater virtues that I would frequent the Greeks. FREQUENTABLE. 535 FRESE. + b. Of a disease: To attack often. Obs. rare— x . 1631 tr. 1 'rurl's Praxis Med. 59 This disease .. doth fre¬ quent children. + 3. T b use habitually or repeatedly; to practise. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 29 Charles..by ardaunt desyre frequented the bookes composed vpon the crysten fayth. 1541 Bible (Cranmer) title-p. y The Byble in Englyshe .. to be frequented and used in everye Churche within this his sayd realme. 1546 Langley tr. Pol. Verg. de Invent. 1. xi. 226 The Great Prophet Dauid, whiche songe the Misteries of God in Meter frequented Singing. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. Epit. A, Vertue and commendable be¬ haviour, was of them both so frequented and followed. 1614 W. B. Philosopher s Banquet (ed. 2) 105 The oyle of Oliues they, .frequented, .sparingly. 1642 W. Bird Mag. Hon. 55 And after that the word Baron seemeth to be fre¬ quented in this Realm in lieu and place of the word Thane. 1665-7 Dryden Ess. Dram. Poesy (1668) 43 A Play which has been frequented the most of any he has writ. t b. To celebrate (a sacrament, etc.); to honour with observances. Cf. F .frequenter. Obs. a i 555 » ^69 [see the vbl. sb.]. 1565 Jewel Repl. Harding (1611) 375 He gaue the Image of his Passion to be frequented \celebrandam ] in the Church. 1579 Fulke Refut. Rastel 723 The Christians did solemnelye frequent the memories of the martyrs. 1581 J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 343 b, God did institute in his Church two Sacramentes. .If we do not frequent these in that sincerity of Religion .. Let us be condemned. + c. reji. To busy oneself about something. Obs. a 1562 G. Cavendish IVolsey (1893) 216 He dayly fre- quentyng hymeself abought suche busynes and deeds of honest charitie. + 4. To familiarize with. Obs. [Cf. Frequent a. 6 b.] 1588 Exhort, to H. M. faithful Subjects in Harl. Misc. II. 93 Ye encounter with them that are rich, hardy, reso¬ lute, and frequented with daily victories. 1632 Lithgow Trav . v. 219 [The Armenians practised certain vices] which my conscience commands me to conceale : least I frequent this Northern world with that which their nature never knew. + 5- intr. To resort to or unto (a person or place); to associate with (a person); to be often in or about (a place). Obs. 1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 96 An infinite multi¬ tude. .frequented vnto Paulus. 1580 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 467, I frequented more often to Camilla. 1599 Sir R. Wrothe in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 11. III. 181 Sertaine lewde fellowes. .which doefrequente and useaboute Layton heath. 1651 tr. Life Father Sarpi (1676) 67 He frequented much with Fra. Antonio da Viterbo. 1660 tr. Amyraldus ' Treat, cone. Relig. 1. vii. 123 Will she frequent in Towns, or will she resort to unhabited places ? 1725 Pope Odyss. v. 128 Far from all the ways Where men frequent. 1810 Scott Lady of L. 1. xxv, Nor track nor pathway might declare That human foot frequented there. + 6. trans. a. To crowd or pack closely together, b. To crowd, fill (a place), c. To supply abun¬ dantly. Obs. 1578 [see Frequented ppl. a.]. 1596 Drayton Legends 11. 253 These brimfull Eyes With Tydes of Teares continually frequented. 1667 Milton P. L. x. 1091 With tears Water¬ ing the ground, and with our sighs the air Frequenting. 1682 R. Burton Admir. Cur. (1684) 82 Winchester is a City which flourished in the time of the Romans and now in¬ differently peopled, and frequented by water. Hence Freque*nting vbl. sb. a 1555 Ridley in Confer, betw. Ridley Sf Latymer (1556) 16b, The. .institution of our sauior Christe, for the ofte fre¬ quenting of the remembrance of his deathe. 1581 J. Bell II addon's Answ. Osor. 138 b, As touchyng Luthers frequent- yng of Hyperbolicall speaches. 1669 Woodhead St. Teresa 1. xix. (1671) 119 Here comes in the frequenting of the Sacra¬ ments. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India Sf P. 376 Birds, by whose frequentings he arrives to the top of his hopes. 1870 Lubbock Orig. Civiliz. v. 163 Which may be known from ordinary snakes by certain signs, such as their frequenting huts, not eating mice [etc.]. Frequentable (fr/kwe'ntabl), a. rare. [f. Frequent v. + -able. Cf. F. friquentablei\ That may be frequented or visited, easily accessible: fa. of a person (obs.) ; b. of a place. 1580 Sidney Arcadia (1622) 126 The exercises of that age [youth], and his humour .. made him something the more frequentable. 1843 Hew Mirror III. (Cent.), Have made their bookstore most frequentable for facility of purchase. Frequentage (frrkwentedz). rare—'. [f. Frequent v . + -age.] ‘ The practice or habit of frequenting ’ (W.). 1814 Southey Roderick x. 37 To guard them on their flight through upland paths—remote from frequentage. + Frequentance. Obs. rare— 1 , [f. Frequents. + -ance.] ?The fact of being frequented or re¬ sorted to. 1593 Nashe Christ's T. 79 b, Some one Gentleman generally acquainted, they giue his admission vnto, sans fee, and free priuiledge thence-forward in theyr Nunnery, to procure them frequentance. Frequentation (frzkwent^-Jbn). [a. F. fri- quentaiion, ad. L. frequentation- eni, n. of action f. frequentare to Frequent.] 1. The action or habit of frequenting (a place); a visiting or resorting to frequently; habitual at¬ tendance. 1S8S T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. 11. iii. 33 The principall entrie was .. shut with great bushes .. which in processe of time and lacke of frequentation, were so growen. 1616 R. C. Times' Whistle 11. 73 Are these rhe fruit thy frequentation Of learned sermons yeilds? 1660 Water- house Arms $ Arm. 155 Famous it has been for its Trade, and frequentation of forraigners to her. 1748 Chesterf. Lett. (1792) II. cl. 33 The frequentation of courts checks this petulancy of manners. 1775 Johnson Western Isl. Wks. X. 477 A shop in the islands as in other places of little frequentation. 1807 W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. V. 571 The art of deserving it [praise] will hardly be attained with¬ out some frequentation of the theatre. 1847 Grote Hist. Greece 1. xxviii. (1862) III. 46 Reciprocal frequentation of religious festivals was.. the standing evidence of friend¬ ship. 2 . The action or habit of frequenting (a person) ; familiar intercourse with. ? 1520 Barclay tr. Jugurtha xlv. 63 They dwelled seperat.. farre from the court and frequentation of kynges of numidy. £1610 Sir J. Melvil Mem. (1735) 390 He denied he was a Witch or had any Frequentation with them. 1652 Cot- terell Cassandra iv. (1676) 55 Retired from the commerce or frequentation of men. 1882 Pall Mall G. 14 Oct. 4 He had however qualities which were derived no doubt from early frequentation with negroes. 1890 Sat. Rev. 22 Feb. 216/1 If only frequentation of sovereigns and statesmen could do it, a superficial explanation would be provided. + 3 . The act of using or making use ^frequently. Also, in early use, a custom, practice. Obs. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. ccii. [cxcviii.] 620 They be herde people, and of rude engyn and wytte, and of dyuers frequentacyons and vsage. 1578 Banister Hist. Man viii. 102 Collumbus reproued such as hitherto haue made descrip¬ tion of the eyes, by frequentation of brutish Anathomies. a 1678 Woodhead Holy Living (1688) 56 Frequentation of prayer is an employment more spiritual. b. Frequent use or celebration (of the sacra¬ ments). (So F .frequentation.') 1626 T. H. Caussins Holy Crt. 217 The exercise of the presence of God, ioyned with, .frequentation of sacraments. 1887 C. W. Wood Marriage 20 Prayer and the frequenta¬ tion of the sacraments will be the source of help. Frequentative (fnkwe'ntativ), 0. and.sA [ad. L. frequentativ-us (in the later L. grammarians), i. frequent at- ppl. stem of frequentare : see Fre¬ quent v. and -ive. Cf. F . frtquentatif -ivei] A. adj. + 1 . Accustomed, versed in. Obs. Sc. rare — 1 . 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus 11. 79 In siclik Actis thay [the Musis] ar frequentatiue, And mair facill 3our mater will con- saif. 2 . Gram. Of a verb or verbal form: Serving to express the frequent repetition of an action. 1533 Udall Flowers Lat. Sp. 115 Rescio .. and a verbe frequentatiue of the same : rescisco. 1656 Hammond Wks. (1684) II. 70 There is no such thing in the Greek language, as the variation of frequentative, transitive, and reciprocal. 1711 [see Desiderative a. 2]. 1793 -Beattie Moral Sc. i. i. § 3. 58 The verbs called Deponent, Desiderative, Frequen¬ tative. .etc. 1845 Stoddart in Encycl. Metrop. I. 50/1 The termination so in viso , has a desiderative force, in pulso , a frequentative. 1876 Bancroft Hist. U. S. II. xxxvi. 415 An action may be often repeated, and a frequentative con¬ jugation follows. B. sb. Gram. A frequentative verb, verbal form, or conjugation : see prec. 1530 Palsgr. 403 They knowe neyther frequentatyves, nor inchoatyves. 1626 Bp. Andrewes Serm. (1856) I. 125 It is not exiliit neither, but exultavit. And that is a frequen¬ tative; and so he did it more than once. 1711 J. Green¬ wood Eng. Gram. 193 By the addition of le , it becomes a Frequentative, as Sparkle. 1870 F. Hall Hindi Reader 137 [A'arnd], following an uninflected past participle, forms a frequentative. f b. ? An adverb expressing frequency. Obs. 1635 Grammar War7‘e B viij, Other Adverbs: as Indica¬ tives, Frequentatives, Meditatives. Frequented (frilcwe-nted), ppl. a. [f. Fre¬ quent v. + -ED k] f a. Crowded (obs.). + b. Com¬ monly practised or used (obs.). C. Of a place: Often resorted to. 1378 Banister Hist. Man v. 81 Blacke concreted bloud.. packed together with the frequented Fibres. 1586 W. Webbe Eng. Poetrie (Arb.) 56 The most vsuall and frequented kind of our English Poetry. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 36 Patales (a most famous and frequented port). 1655 Earl Orrery Parthen. (1676) 1 He invited him into a less fre¬ quented walk. 1666 J. Sergeant Lett. Thanks 80 Naturall knowledges imprinted by frequented Sensations, a 1677 Barrow Serm. (1686) III. 399 The goodness of God is a frequented theme. 1773 Observ. State Poor 34 Ghastly countenances .. haunting our most frequented avenues. 1863 Geo. Eliot Romola 1. xx, It was the least frequented of the bridges. 1875 Bedford Sailor's Pocket-bk. iv. (ed. 2) 118 In the frequented parts of the North Atlantic. Frequenter (fr/kwe-ntai). [f. Frequents. + -er l.] One who frequents or resorts to (a place); also, one who attends (a meeting, etc.). 1613 Purch as Pilgrimage (1614) To Rdr. ? iv b, A gratious King, so diligent a frequenter of Sermons. 1634 Docu¬ ments agst. Prynne (Camden) 5 The miserable spectatours and frequenters of these infernall pleasures. 1751 Richard¬ son Rambler No. 97 f 25 What expence of dress, .is required to qualify the frequenters for such emulous appearance. 1874 Helps Soc. Press, iii. 56 There are not even seats provided for the frequenters of gin-palaces. + Frequentless, a. Obs. rare — l . [f. Fre¬ quent sb. + -less.] Not frequented. 1631 Chettle Hoffman I b, It semes frequentlesse for the vse of men : Some basiliskes, or poysonous serpents den ! Frequently (frrkwentli), adv. [f. Frequent a. -f -ly -.] In a frequent manner. 1 . At frequent or short intervals, often, repeatedly. 1531 Elyot Gov. i. xxii. (1880) 245 He had frequently in his mouthe this worde. 1639 Massinger Unnat. Combat iii. ii, These being heaven’s gifts, and frequently conferred On such as are beneath them. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. xxi, He had been since frequently at my house, i860 Tyndall Glac. xxvii, I frequently examined the colour of the snow. f 2 . Numerously, populously. Obs. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. iv. 279 The place became frequently inhabited on every side. 1638 R. Baillie Lett. iv. (1775) I. 34 The noblemen who came in frequently against the after¬ noon, stayed all that night. Frere, obs. form of Friar. Fresadow: see Frisado. Frescade (freska*d). Also 6 (from It.) fres- kata. [a. F .frescade (Cotgr.), ad. It .frescata, f. fresco cool, Fresh.] A cool walk ; a shady alley. [1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. <$• Commw. 7 Nor have those under the Torride Zone so much need of the Romane Grottaes or Freskataes for to coole them.] 1656-81 Blount Glossogr.y Frescades^ refreshments as..light garments, cool air..cool drinks, Bowers or shades over-spread with green boughs. 1759 Lond. Mag. XXVIII. 605 They, .go in parties to enjoy themselves in their gardens and frescades. 1832 Fraser s Mag. IV. 706 The fragrant orangeries,—the grateful frescades,—the many-twinkling fountains. Fresco (fre’skt?), sb. Also 6-7 frisco ; pi. fres¬ cos, -oes. [ad. It. fresco cool, Fresh.] 11 . Cool, fresh air; occas. a fresh breeze. In fresco : in the fresh air. Obs. Cf. Alfresco. 1620 Brent tr. Sarpi's Hist. Coutic. Trent (1629) 410 There being a custome amongst the people of Paris, in the Summers euenings, to goe out of the Suburbes of S. German in great multitudes, to take the fresco. 1630 B. Jonson New I 1171 iv. ii, Come, let us take in fresco, here, one quart. 1644 Evelyn Diary 4 Nov., Here, in summer, the gentle¬ men of Rome take the fresco in their coaches and on foot. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India <$• P. 12 We had a promising Fresco, but somewhat chilled by too frequent Calms. Ibid. 335 As they sit in Frisco. 1740 Gray Lett. Wks. 1884 II. 82 They, .walk about the city, or upon the sea-shore, .to enjoy the fresco. 1785 Sarah Fielding Ophelia II. i, I..was .. overtaken by Mrs. Herner, in fresco as before. attrib. 1742 H. Walpole Let. 26 May (1857) I. 167 We have as much waterworks and fresco diversions, as if we lay ten degrees nearer warmth. tb. ‘It has been sometimes used for any cool refreshing liquor * (T.). Obs .~ 0 [1880 C. R. Markham Peruv. Bark 7 Fevers, which they treat with frescos or cooling drinks.] 2 . A kind of painting executed in water-colour on a wall, ceiling, etc. of which the mortar or plaster is not quite dry, so that the colours sink in and become more durable. Orig. in phrase {to faint) in fresco. 1598 R. H[aydocke] tr. Lo7iiatius' Aries Paintifige, .etc. iii. iv. 99 Which wil cause the colours in Frisco to continue as faire as if they were laid while the chalke is fresh. [1644 Evelyn Diary 21 Oct., The houses, .are. .excellently painted, ct fresco on the outer walls.] Ibid. 22 Oct., To this church joins a convent, whose cloister is painted in fresco very rarely. 1688 R. Holme Armoury iii. 147/1 FVescoe, or Wall Painting; some call it selling. 1749 Stack in Phil. Trans. XLVI. 14 The Paintings. .in Herculaneum .. are all done in Stucco in Water-colours in Fresco. 1843 Ruskin Let. 21 Sept, in Atlantic Mo7ithly LXVIII. 740 It is not the love of fresco that we want. 1870 Emerson Soc. 4 - SolitDomestic Life Wks. (Bohn) III. 54 The grand sibyls, .painted in fresco by Michel Angelo. b. A painting so executed. 1670 R. Lassels Voy. Ital. 1. 238 The Library, painted with a rare Fresco , which is yet ravishing and lively after two hundred years. 1717 Pope Ep. Jervas 34 A fading Fresco here demands a sigh. 1797 Monthly Mag. III. 347 The beautiful frescoes that decorate the walls. 1870 F. R. Wilson Ch. Lindisf. 91 This church is represented in one of the famed frescoes atWallington Hall. c. attrib. and Comb., as fresco-faint , - painting , - plaster , -wall. 1842-5 Browning Waring 1. vi, We are on the brink Of something great in * fresco-paint. 1683 Evelyn Diary 16 June, The incomparable *fresco painting in St. George’s Hall. 1879 Sir G. Scott Led. Archit. I. 213 Let us take advantage of the lessons it affords us in.. fresco painting. 1843 Ecclesiologist II. 19 The use of *fresco-plaister in very early buildings. 1877 M. M. Grant Swi-Maid iv, It was a lofty room with beautiful old *fresco walls and ceiling. Fresco (fre’sk#), v. [f. prec. sb.] Irans . To paint in fresco. 1849 Rock Ch. of Fathers I. iii. 202 The Donation of Con¬ stantine, frescoed in the Vatican. 1893 Pall Mall Mag. II. 345/2 We do not. .fresco our azure ceiling with angels. Hence Fre'scoed ffl. a ., Fre scoing' vbl. sb. Also Pre'scoer, Frescoist, one who paints in fresco. 1849 Ruskin Sev. La7>ips i. § 7. 15 Have we no. .frescoed fancies on our roofs? 1859 Sat. Rev. VIII. 73/1 Many a mute inglorious frescoist has only waited his hour. 1882 Frasers Mag. XXVI. 59 The frescoed Parnassus gradually emerges from out of the dark wall. 1882 Harper's Mag. Dec. 46/2 Some leisurely prisoner of the frescoer’s trade. 1885 Ibid. Mar. 609/1 The original frescoing of walls and ceilings, .was the work of a. .soldier. t Fre'scour. ? nonce-wd. [ad. pseudo-L. fres- ciira, It. frescura , n. of quality f. fresco Fresh. Cf. Fraischeur.] Coolness. 1627 tr. Bacon's Life < 5 * D. (1651) 31 By Cold, and by a kinde of Frescour (as we now-a-days speak). + Frese, sb. Obs. north, dial. Also fres(se. [Of obscure origin. Stratmann compares OS .fresa str. fem. (MDu. vr&se, Du. vrees), OHG . freisa, fear, danger. The sense is not inap¬ propriate, but the exact OE. equivalent of these words would be *fras, yielding *frase in northern ME.) In phr. no frese —' no doubt’. a 1400 Pistill of Susan (Vernon) 43 To fonge flourus and FRESE. 536 FRESH. fruit J>ou3t )ei no fresse. t 1460 Tvumeley Myst. (Surtees) 30 So wold mo, no frese. .Of wifes.. For the life that thay leyd, Wold tliase husbandes were dede. Ibid. 291 Putt thi hand in my syde, no fres, ther Longeus put his spere. + Frese, v. Obs. rare ~\ trans. c 1510 Robin Hood iv. 42 in Flilgel LesebucJi 178 Make glad chere sayd ly tell Johan And frese our bowes of ewe. Frese, obs. form of Freeze. Fresh f frej"), a., adv. and sb. 1 Forms : a. 1 ferso, 3 fersse, ferehs ,south. uer(i)sse, 4 fersch(e. / 3 . 3 Orm. fressh, 3-5 fress(e, 3-6 freche, fres(s)ch(e, 4 fraiche, freehs, 4-5 freys(s(he, freyssehe, 4-6 fres(s)h(e, 4 freisch., 5 freisshe, 4- fresh. [The a forms, which are not found later than the 14th c., represent OE.fersc (recorded only in senses 4 and 3, opposed to ‘ salt ’), corresponding to Du. versch, OHG ./rise (MHG. vrisch, mod.Ger. frisch ; used in senses approximately identical with those found in Eng.), ON.fersk-r (Sw.farsh, Da. fersk ; chiefly in physical senses ; the mod. Icel .frisk, Sw., Da .frisk, are adopted from Ger.) OTeut. *frisko-. As the (S forms (with fre-) do not occur till the 13th c., it is most likely that they are due to adoption of OF. freis masc., fresche fern. (mod.F. frais, fraiche), = Pr. frese, Sp., Pg., It. fresco, a Com. Rom. adoption of OTeut. *frisko-. The senses first occurring in ME. coincide substantially with those in OF.; how far they were introduced from that language, and how far they descend from unrecorded OE. uses, cannot be determined. The ultimate etymology of OTeut. *frisko - is obscure. Kluge compares OS 1 . presinu fresh (\~*praiskino'), Lith. preskas unleavened, and Finn, rieska- unleavened.] A. adj . I. New, recent. 1 . New, novel; neft previously known, used, met with, introduced, etc. + Also absol. in advb. phr. of, on fresh = Afresh. a 1340 Hampole Psalter Cant. 516 New & freyss goddis come, c 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xliii. 165 The battayl beganne of fresshe to be sore fyers. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 302 b, Than thy payne began of fresshe to be renewed. 1637 Milton Lycidas 193 To-morrow to fresh woods and pastures new. 1639 Fuller Holy IVarre (1647) I. xvi. 25 This sight so inspirited the Christians, that coming in on fresh, they obtained a most glorious victorie. 1748 F. Smith Voy. Disc. I. 9 The Fog. .presentingcontinu¬ ally fresh Objects. 1777 Burke Corr. (1844) II. 162 That fresh concern and anxiety which attends those who [etc.]. 1798 Malthus Popul. (1878) 3 Very severe labour is requisite to clear a fresh country. 1813 Byron Ch. Har. in. lv. 529 Its [river’s] thousand turns disclose Some fresher beauty. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 31 There are few traces of fresh research or new matter produced. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. I. 1. 384 And with fresh hope came on the fresh May- day. 1888 Times 12 Nov. 13/3 The untoward fate of plays that break fresh ground. b. In weaker sense: Additional, another, other, different, further. £1400 Maundev.(i 839) xxii. 243 Then thei maken fressche men redye. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xxxvii. 200 Than suld I haif a fresch feir to fang in mynn armes. 1532 More Confut. Tyndale Wks. 675 In the conclusion of al that tale, he knit- teth it vp with afreshe lusty poynt. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 644 In which way having gotten fresh helpe of some other streames. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. 1. (1677) 16 The Hounds .. take fresh scent, hunting another Chase. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 14 P 7 The Troops of the Allies have fresh Orders dispatched to them. 1712 Addison Sped • No. 452 r 2 Our Time lies heavy on our Hands till the Arrival of a fresh Mail. 1721 Bailey, Fresh Spell. .a fresh Gang to relieve the Rowers in the Long-Boat. 1802 Mar. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. xiii. 106 Several fresh spec¬ tators were yet to see the sight. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 198 Interest was seldom allowed to be turned into prin¬ cipal, except upon the advance of fresh money. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 153 One fresh concession .. was easily obtained from the restored king. 1896 Law Times C. 408/2 We must begin a fresh paragraph. 2 . Recent; newly made, recently arrived, received, or taken in. Cf. Fr .frais. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 5307 Woundes..pat fressche sal sem and alle bledand. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 172 So j?at J>e wounde be freisch and not oold hurt. 1535 Coverdale 1 Sam. xxi. 6 The Shewbredes.. were taken vp before the Lorde, that there might be other freshbredes set therin. 1665 Boyle Occas. Rejl. Pref. (1845) 11, I was fain .. to insert.. some of a much fresher date. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India < 5 * P. 9 This Morn by fresh Advice he was assured [etc.]. 1704 Swift T. Tub Apol., The Author was then young, .and his reading fresh in his head. 1748 F. Smith Voy. Disc. 1 .146 Seeing whether the Marks of their Teeth are fresh or not. 1845 Ford Handbk. Spain 1. 16 The ministers of Fer¬ dinand VII could not please him more than by laying before him a fresh express or dispatch, i860 Tyndall Glac. I. xxvii. 204 The floor .. was covered with snow, and on it were the fresh footmarks of a little animal. b. Newly come or taken from , out of. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 1. 31 Great yellow Frogs also are much admired, especially when they come fresh out of the Pond. 1700 Dryden Fables , Cock Fox 289 The hue and cry of Heaven pursues him at the heels, Fresh from the fact. 1764 Goldsm. Trav. 330 By forms unfashioned, fresh from Nature’s hand. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 45 A..pro¬ duction. .fresh from the press, a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) II. 209 An heiress quite fresh from Bengal. 1867 Freeman Norm. Conq. (18761 I. App. 673 The narrative .. was fresh from the lips of an Englishman. c. Law. Fresh force (AF. fresche force , Anglo- Lat. frisca fortia ), fresh disseisin : = 4 novel dis¬ seisin *; see quots. and Disseisin i b. Fresh fine , pursuit , suit : one made or levied immediately or within a short prescribed interval. [1292 Britton i. xix. § 6 Deforceours et purprestours par fresche force.] 1419 Liber Albns (Rolls) I. 173 Item, de assisis Novse Disseisinae, vocatis * Fresshforce 1538 Fitzherb. Just. Peas 132 b, Upon any out crie, hute or freshesuit for any felonye. a 1626 Bacon Max. e J? e sees an ferchse wateres. 0 . 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xiii. xxii. (1495) 455 For cause of., fresshe waters that come therto the see .. is more fresshe. c 1440 Jacob's Well (E. E. T. S.) 39 Of fysschyng of freschwatyr & of salt watyr, J>e tythe ow}te to be payed, a 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 2224 A fresche well was j?er besyde. 1553 Eden Treat. Newe Ifid. (Arb.) 26 In this deserte are. .founde bytter waters : but more often fresshe and sweete waters. 1576 Act 18 Eliz . c. 10 § 10 No Acre of fresh Marsh, .[shall] be taxed above the Rate of a Penny, .nor of every ten Acres of salt Marsh above the Rate of a Penny. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. vii. 19 Our men quietly landed and tooke in fresh water. 1601 Shaks. Twel. N. in. iv. 419 Tempests are kinde, and salt waues fresh in loue. 1670 D. Denton Descr. N. York (1845) 19 These woods also every mile..or half-mile are furnished with fresh ponds, brooks, or rivers, a 1691 Boyle Hist. Air (1692) 154 He always found the ice fresh that floated upon the sea-water. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. iii. 34 Sometimes we find them in salt Water, sometimes in fresh. 1708 Lond. Gaz. No. 4489/3, 119 Acres of fresh Marsh-Lands. 1775 Romans Hist. Florida 267 Another river .. is very rich in fresh marsh. 1800 tr. Lagrange's Chem. II. 235 Throwing into large quantities of pure fresh water a few drops of volatile oil. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. 73 The great stream of fresh water which flows over Teddington Weir. b. Of or pertaining to such water, f Of fish = Freshwater a. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 1 Engelond ys ful ynow..Of salt fysch and eche fresch, and fayre ryueres J> er to. 1467 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 396 Fresshe fysshe as Tenches. 1588 Shaks. Tit. A. in. i. 128 Till the fresh taste be taken from that cleerenes, And made a brine pit with our bitter teares. 1608-11 Bp. Hall Medit. <$• Vows i. § 8, I have oft won- dred howe fishes can retaine their fresh taste, and yet live in salt waters. 1881 J. Payn Hum. Stories 294 The profes¬ sional fisherman, .whether he be salt or fresh. 6 . Untainted, pure; hence, possessed of active properties; invigorating, refreshing. Said esp. of air and water. f 1340 Cursor M. 11705 (Trin.) A welle out braste wij> stremes clere fresshe & colde. 1390 Gower Conf III. 16 There sprang a welle fresh and clere. 14.. Tundale's Vis. 1071 Sum of horn thei madyn nesche As is the water that is fresche. 1535 Coverdale Ps. xxii. 1 He..ledeth me to a fresh water. 1604 Shaks. Oth. iv. iii. 45 The fresh Streames ran by her, and murmur’d her moanes. 1611 — Cymb. v. iii. 71 [Death] hides him in fresh Cups, soft Beds, Sweet words. 1648 Gage West Ind. xvii. 117 A fruit named Xocotte. .it is fresh and cooling. 1667 Milton P. L. i. 771 They among fresh dews and flowers Flie to and fro. 1692 Ray Dissol. World 82 The inferiour Air..in the Night so very fresh and cold. 1749 Berkeley Word to Wise Wks. III. 440 It takes the peasant from his smoky cabin into the fresh air. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xxxii, The desire of fresh air..had carried her into the ..garden. 1855 Bain Senses <$• Int. 1 1. ii. §7 Fresh odours..that have an action akin to pure air. + b. Cool; see Cool a. 1 and 1 d. Cf. Fr. frais. In Romanic langs. a very prominent sense ; rare in Eng. C1400 Maundev. (1839) iv. 29 Thei .. sytten there [in dyches]. .for thei may ben the more fressche. 1412-20 Lydg. Chron. Troy il xi, Fresche alures with lusty hye pynacles. 1580 Frampton Dial. Yron <$• Steele 150 The Porche of the dore is verye freshe. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. v. 108 Here is constantly a fresh Sea breeze all Day, and cooling refresh¬ ing winds in the Night. 7 . Retaining its original qualities; not deterio¬ rated or changed by lapse of time; not stale, musty, or vapid. + Formerly often reduplicated fresh and fresh (cf. i hot and hot ’). C1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 36 J>e blode was boJ>e warme & fresh, \>at of f?e schankes lete. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 352 An oynement .. al freisch leie it }?erto, for J>e more freisch \>at it is he bettir it is. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 351 Tua bostis of gude wyne, Baith stark and freche. 1535 Coverdale Ps. xci[i], 10 My horne..shal be anoynted with fresh oyle. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iv. (1586) 158 b, See that their nestes bee very cleane, and kept still with freshe cleane strawe. 1632 J. Hayward tr. BiondVs Eromena 128 Having restored me with fresh egges. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. in. 55 The other Fish we took as we had occasion fresh and fresh. 1805 Dibdin in Naval Chron. XIII. 393 Burton ale—fresh or stale. 1823 Lamb Elia, Distant Correspondents , As fresh as if it came in ice. 1850 Lyell ind Visit U.S. xxx. 181 Roots of trees and wood in a fresher state than I ever saw them in any tertiary formation. 1859 G. Wilson Gateways Knoivl. (ed. 3) 71 The .. Mammoth remains fresh as on the day of its death. b. transf. of immaterial things. 14.. Pol. Rel. <$■ L. Poems (1866) 233 Trewloue is fress & euere neu. 1712 Addison Sped. No. 452 P5 By this means my Readers will have their News fresh and fresh. 1758 Johnson Idler No. 14 r 6 To be able to tell the freshest news. 1802 Syd. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 6/1 It is only by the fresh feelings of the heart that mankind can be very power¬ fully affected. 1855 Kingsley Westw. Hoi (1861) 350 The genial smile of English mirth fresh on every lip. 8 . Not faded or worn; unfading, unobliterated. Said both of material and immaterial things. c 1384 Chaucer H. Fame iii. 66 They [i.e. the names] were As fresshe as men had writen hem there the selve day right. 1576 Fleming Panopi. Epist. 303 note, Wee might still have them, by continual view of their pictures, in freshe remem¬ brance. 1610 Shaks. Temp. 11. i. 68 Our garments are now as fresh as when we put them on. 1611 Bible Job xx ix. 20 My glory was fresh in mee. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 365 These Roses will retaine. .their Colour fresh for a yeare at least. 1631 Gouge God's A rrows in. lxxvi. 326 By such memorials the memory of Gods mercies is kept fresh. 1641 J. Jack- son True Evang. T. 1. 69 These antipathies .. do still re- maine. .as fresh, as if Adam had but falne yesterday, xyii Lo?id. Gaz. No. 4867/4 The Small Pox fresh upon him. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. vi. § 27 Men .. who lived..when the memory of things was fresh. 1837 Disraeli Venetia 11. i, An incident .. as fresh in her memory as if it had occurred yesterday. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 447 Samuel Pepys, whose library and diary have kept his name fresh to our time. 9 . Not sullied or tarnished; bright and pure in colour; blooming, gay. c 1385 Chaucf.r L. G. IV. Prol. 92 Upon the fresshe daysy to beholde. c 1386— Knt.'s T. 260 The fresshe beautee sleeth me sodeynly Of hir that rometh in the yonder place. c 1400 Destr. Troy 997 Iason .. hade fongit \>e flese & be fresshe gold. 1500-20 Dunbar Thistle $ Rose 55 To luke vpone his [the sun’s] fresche and blisfull face. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 74 Flourysshe the forenoone neuer so fresshe, at the last commeth the euentyde. 1551 T. Wilson Logike (1580) 3 Rhetorike .. setteth forth those matters with freshe colours. 1667 Milton P. L. ix. 1041 Flours were the Couch. .Earths freshest, softest lap. X749 F. Smith Voy. Disc. II. 28 The Green of the Pine .. now looked fresh and pleasant. 1797 M. Baillie Morb. A nat. (1807) 37 He never had a fresh complexion, but it was always dark. 1801 Southey Thalaba m. xxxvii, Her cheek Lost its fresh and lively hue. i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xxv. 177 Scarcely less exquisite than the freshest bloom of the Alpine rose. b. Of personal appearance: Blooming, looking healthy or youthful. Often fresh and fair ; also in proverbial phrases fresh as paint , as a rose, etc. c 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. 1191 Dido, An huntyng wolde this lusti fresche queene. X513 Douglas /Eneis vm. x. 29 Venus, the fresche Goddes .. can draw nere. 1585 Abp. Sandys Serin, xv. 267 The freshest Gospeller in appear¬ ance, in experience is found not to be the soundest. 1596 Shaks. Tam. Shr. iv. v. 29 Hast thou beheld a fresher Gentlewoman. 1635 J. Hayward tr. BiondPs Banish'd Virg. 94 A widow fresh and faire. 1800-24 Campbell Poems, Ritter Bann iv, ’Twas the Abbot of St. James’s monks, A fresh and fair old man. X815 E. S. Barrett Heroine III. 81 Forth they walked .. as fresh as an oyster. Ibid. III. 155 As fresh as a daisy. 1877 Mrs. Oliphant Makers Flor. vi. 172 The fresh country ladies had to be warned against spoiling their natural roses with paint. i88x Dr. Gheist 217 Though nearly seventy years of age, he is FRESH. 537 FRESHEN. still hale and * fresh as paint ’. 1885 Russell in Harper's Mag. Apr. 763/2 [They] see him emerge from his carriage, after a long journey, ‘ fresh as a rose ’. + c. Gaily attired, finely dressed. 06s. c 1440 Generydcs 2037 Ther coursers trappid in the fressest wise, c 1460 Poston Lett. No. 437 II. 86 Perys of Legh come to Lynne opon Cristynmesse Even in the fresshest wise. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour C iij, To array and make me fresshe for them. 153° Palsgr. 623/2 My maystresse maketh her fresshe, I wene she go out to some feest to daye. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon lxviii. 235 They rose & apparelled them in fresshe arraye. 1577-87 Holinshed Chron. III. 807/2 With manie afresh gentleman riding before them. 10. Not exhausted or fatigued; full of vigour and energy; brisk, vigorous, active. + Of a coun¬ try : Of unexhausted fertility. a. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 397 An hondred knyjtes, pur fersse & sound. _ c 1350 Will. Paleme 3633 A fersche ost hem to help hastili ]>er come. p. c 1205 Lay. 9418 To heo eoden alle afoten: & swi 5 e freche weoren. 13.. A'. A Its. 2405 He hadde y-hud .. xx. thousand, That scholden come, on fresche steden. c 1330 R. BrunneCAtw/. (1810) 103 pe kyng a seknes hent, pe dede him tok alle fresse._ c 1400 Melayne 1528 Oure Britons bolde that fresche come in Thoghte that [etc.], c 1450 Merlin 108 Kynge Aguysas.. a freisshe yonge knyght, and with hym v C knyghtes. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cccxxxix. 532 They were nat strong ynough to abyde them that were fresshmen, for theyniselfe were sore traueyled. 1538 Starkey England 1. i. 26 The mornyng, when our wyttys be most redy and fresch. 1632 J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 21 He mounted first on the one fresh horse, and afterwards upon the other, posting on. 1648 Gage West hid. xiii. 74 This Country is very fresh and plentifull. 1843 James Forest Days v, Take with you three of your fellows whose horses are the freshest. 1863 Miss Braddon J. Marchmont II. i. 3, I never felt fresher in my life. 1882 Daily Tel. 3 Jan., Ignition is probably the freshest of all the veterans. * absol. 1594 Daniel Compl. Rosamond cii, Or whilst we spend the freshest of our time, The sweet of youth in plot¬ ting in the ayre; Alas how oft we fall, hoping to clime. + b. Recruited, refreshed, rested. Obs. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon vii. 162 Whan thei shall be fresshe, thenne shall ye mow make werre. 1700 Dryden Theod. 4- Honoria 187 Nor lies she long, but .. Springs up to life, and fresh to second pain Is saved to-day, to-morrow to be slain. + 11. Ready, eager. Const, to, also to with inf. c 1200 Ormin 6348 A33 himm birr}> beon fressh f>serto [i. e. to worship God]. £1340 Cursor M. 18060 (Fairf.), Was nevir ern so fresh to flight. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 1254 Enmys thre .. pat, to assayle us here, er ay freshe. 1613 Shaks .Hen. VIII, 1. i. 3 Euer since a fresh Admirer of what I saw there. + b. Ready to eat or drink; having an appetite or inclination. Also , fresh andfasting. Obs. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 840 Drinking a filthy liquor, whereto they said Tobacco made them fresh. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India 4- P. 92 They will fresh and fasting, besprinkle themselves with the Stale of a Cow. 12 . Of the wind: Having considerable force, strong; + formerly, springing up again (obs.). Hence, of the ‘ way 7 of a ship: Speedy, steady. Also quasi-aafr. in to blow fresh. Cf. Yx.frais. <11533 Ld. Berners Huon lxi. 213 They .. lyft vp theyr saylles & so had a good freshe wynde. 1582 N. Lichefield fr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Iiid. xxvi. 66 Uppon a sodayne there came a fresh gale of Winde. 1627 Capt. Smith Sea¬ man's Gram. x. 46 A fresh Gale is that doth .. presently blow after a calme. 1659 D. Pell Impr. Sea 322 It is a long time ere a ship can bee put upon the stayes when shee has her freshest way. 1686 Lond. Gaz. No. 2181/4 The Wind blowing very fresh .. forced into the Downs a Dutch Man of War. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. x. Not making such fresh Way as I did before. 1766 Brice in Phil. Trans. LVI. 226 The velocity of the wind on May the 6th, when it blew a fresh gale. 1805 Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1846) VII. 77 If it comes on to blow fresh I shall make the signal for Boats to repair on board. 1878 Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 29 The miller grinds corn when the breeze is fresh. 13. With regard to the use of drink, in two oppo¬ site senses : a. Sober. Now only Sc. b. Exhi¬ larated by drink ; partially intoxicated; 1 half seas over a. C1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 1226 He was freche, he was nought dronke. 1628 W. Yonge Diary 113 The Lord Den¬ bigh scarce fresh any day after the morning. 1822 Scott Pirate xxiv, ‘ Our great udaller is weel eneugh when he is fresh.’ b. 1812 Sporting Mag. XL. 174 On his return home, rather fresh. 1829 Marryat F. Mildmay xiii, I could get ‘ fresh ’. .when in good company. 1849 C. Bronte Shirley iii. 31 For my notion was, they were all fresh. 14. Sc. and north, dial. Of the weather: a. Open, not frosty, b. Wet. 1782 Sir J. Sinclair Observ. Sc. Dial. 49 Fresh weather. Open weather. 1790 Grose Prov. Gloss, (ed. 2) s. v.. How's t* weather to-day? Why fresh ; i.e. it rains. 1795 Statist. Acc. Scot., Stirlings. XV. 319 note, Our winters., have been open and fresh, as it is termed. 1827 Sporting Mag. XX. 363 What is called in Durham ‘ fresh weather alias rain. 1880 Daily News 29 Dec. 2/1 There were indi¬ cations of fresh weather. .The fresh became less marked. 15. Comb., as fresh-looking , + fresh-new adjs. Chiefly parasynthetic, as fi-esh-coloured, - com - plexioned, -faced, -hearted, (-heartedness), -leaved, -looked, +- suited, - tinctured adjs. Similarly fresh- bution , -skin \bs., fresh-dooring vbl. sb. 1771 Foote Maid of B. 1. Wks. 1799 II. 213 To turn the lace, and * fresh-button the suit. 1608-11 Bp. Hall Medit. 4- Vowes i. § 24 *Fresh coloured wares, if they bee often opened, leese their brightnesse. 1848 Dickens Dombey xxxi, With a fresh-coloured face. 1686 Lond. Gaz. Vol. IV. 1 A Girl of about 11 years of Age..light brown hair, and ' *fresh Complectioned. 1892 E. Reeves Homeward Bound \ 117 A .. fresh-complexioned, quiet, fair man. 1824 Miss Mitford Village Ser. 11. (1863) 250 By dint of whitening, sash-windowing and *fresh-dooring, the old ample farm¬ house has become a very genteel-looking residence. 1862 H. Marryat Year in Sweden II. 354 * Fresh-faced girls sit knitting by their myrtles. 1837 Hawthorne Twice-told T. (1851) II. viii. 123 But I cried the *fresh-hearted New Year. 1870 Illustr. Lond. News 29 Oct. 438 The *fresh-heartedness, generosity, and heroism which seagoing has a manifest aptitude to nourish. 1657 Cokainb Obstinate Lady 1. i, That dost..in *fresh-leaved woods delight! 1714 Lond. Gaz. No. 5249/4 One William Williams, a *fresh look’d Boy. 1848 H. Rogers Ess. (i860) III. 314 The *fresh-looking masonry of yesterday. 1608 Shaks. Per. in. i. 41 This *fresh-new sea-farer. 1836 E. Howard R. Reefer xxii, I had Afresh skinned myself. 1638 Ford Fancies 1. iii, Enter Livio, *fresh suited, a 1743 Savage Lady Tyrconnel 43 *Fresh-tinctur’d like a summer-evening sky. B. adv. 1. In a fresh manner, freshly (see senses of the adj.); newly; + clearly; + eagerly; J* gaily ; + strongly, f Also Lazo, immediately. C1386 Chaucer Knt.'s T. 190 Y-clothed was she fresh, for to devyse. c 1420 Anturs of Arth. iv, Fresche thay folo the fare, c 1470 Henry Wallace vm. 1423 With the small pype, for it most fresche will call. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems lxxxvii. 26 New of thi knop, at morrow fresche atyrit. 1523 Skelton Garl. Laurel 39 A pavylyon. .garnysshed fresshe after my fantasy. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, iii. ii. 188 The Heyfer dead, and bleeding fresh. 1622 Crt. <$• Times fas. I (1849) II. 336 Speak fresh that way. a 1626 Bacon Max. <$• Uses Com. Law (1636) 64 If fresh after the goods were stolne, the true owner maketh pursuit. 1676 Lady Chavvorth in 12^4 Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 29 There is 4 pound of [comfits] and made fresh for you of the purest sugar. 1684 T. Burnet Th. Earth 1. 145 When the earth was fresh broken. 1709 tr. Poncet's Voy. J Ethiopia 11 Thick Beer, .being bad to keep, they are forc’d to make it Fresh, almost every Hour. 1737 Whiston Josephus'' Hist. 1. xiv. § 4 Anthony .. remembering very fresh the wars he had gone through. 1747 Wesley Prim. Physic (1762) 107 Plantane root fresh digged up. 1777 Sheridan Sch. Scand. 11. ii, Mrs. Can. She has a charming fresh colour. Lady T. Yes, when it is fresh put on. 2. Comb, chiefly with pres, and pa. pples., as fresh-anned, -baked ’ -bleeding, - blooming , -bloiving, -blown, -boiled, -born, -breaking, -caught, -coined, -comer, -cropt, -drazmi , -fallen, -forged, -killed, -made, -quilted, -rankling, -rubbed, -slaughtered , -thrashed, -throzvn, -turned,-watered ; fresh-run a., (a fish, esp. a salmon) that has lately run up from the sea. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 379 Ane new *fresche armit garcl. 1849-52 Todd Cycl. Auat. IV. 844/2 *Fresh-baked brown bread. 1718 Pope Iliad xv. 698 His side, *fresh- bleeding with the dart. 1735 Somerville Chase 11. no In each smiling Countenance appears * Fresh-blooming Health. 1671 Milton Samson 10 The breath of Heav’n*fresh-blowing, pure and sweet. 1632 — L'Allegro 22 *Fresh-blown roses washed in dew. 1833 Marryat A Simple (1863) 243 Look¬ ing as red and hot as a *fresh-boiled lobster. 1708 J. Philips Cyder 11. 438 Can they refuse to usher in The Afresh-born Year with loud Acclaim. 1817 Byron Manfred 1. ii, And thou, *fresh breaking Day, and you, ye Mountains, Why are ye beautiful? 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tonis C. xx, I thought I would make you a present of a *fresh-caught specimen. 1785 Crabbe Newspaper 82 The *fresh-coin’d lie. 1890 Spectator 4 Oct., *Fresh-comers from England and elsewhere. 1777 Potter YEschylies' Supplicants 90 Why. .fly you to these Gods for refuge, Holding these * fresh - cropt branches crown’d with wreaths? 1872 Lever Ld. Kilgobbin\\ , A *fresh-drawn cork. 1885 Foidn. Rev. 1 Feb. 170 No doubt the thawing of Afresh-fallen snow is not pleasant. 1856 R. A. Vaughan Mystics (i860) I. 171 With¬ out loss of time, *fresh-forged anathemas are come. 1700 S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 238 The Gutts of their Cattle *fresh killed. 1648 Herrick Hesper., Coriuna's going a Maying (1869) 69 Aurora throwes her faire *Fresh-quilted colours through the aire. 1763 J. Brown Poetry <$• Mus. vi. 100 Inward Grief, *fresh-rankling in his Soul. 1896 Daily News 2 Apr. 8/5 It had a Afresh-rubbed sore under the collar. 1863 Kingsley Water Bab. 83 As clean as a Afresh-run salmon. 1718 Pope Iliad xvi. 198 Some tall stag, Afresh-slaughter’d in the wood. 1883 Goole Weekly Times 7 Sept. 2/6 Very little *fresh-thrashed wheat has been marketed during the past week. 1821 Keats Isabella xlvi, She gazed into the *fresh-thrown mould. 1777 Warton First of April 29 The Afresh-turn’d soil. 1535 Coverdale Isa. lviii. 11 Thou shalt be like a *freshwatred garden. 1744 Akenside Pleas. hnag. 11. 365 That .. verdant lawn, Fresh-water'd from the mountains. C. sb. 1 1. [The adj. used absol. passing into a sb.] The fresh part or period (of a day, year, etc.). 1715 Jane Barker Exilius II. 22 They went to divert themselves in a cool Walk, during the fresh of the Morning. a 1734 North Lives I. 192 And for that work he took the fresh of the morning. 1883 Holme Lee Loving 4- Serving I. xv. 288 In the fresh of the morning it is the greatest de¬ light. 1889 Lowell Lett. (1894) II. 381 The robins..keep on pretending it is the fresh of the year. 2. A rush of water or increase of the stream in a river; a freshet, flood. Also, a flood of fresh water flowing into the sea; esp. an ebb tide, whose force is increased by heavy rains. Freq. in pi. 1538 Leland I tin. III. 136 Lichet Village and an Arme out of Pole Water beting with a litle fresch. c 1682 J. Collins Making Salt in Eng. 10 Sometimes there are great freshes in the River of Tyne. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India <§• P . 25 We met with the Freshes off the Shore caused by the Upland Rains. 1749 F. Smith Voy. Disc . II. 31 And the Freshes or Land waters, the Snow being mostly dis¬ solved, very much abated. 1764 Phil. Trans. LIV. 83 The officers observed the king’s boat to float suddenly, which they attributed to a great fresh. 1787 M. Cutler in Life , Jmls. 4 r Corr. (1888) II. 401 The high freshes..will bear a vessel of any burden, .out to sea. 1848 S. W. Williams Middle Kingdom I. i. 18 The banks are not so low as to he injured or overflown to any great extent by the freshes, b. A sudden increase (of wind) ; a gust, squall. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. iii, If I should be taken with a fresh of wind. 1823 Scoresby Whale Fishery 23 In the afternoon we had a fresh of wind. 3 . A pool, spring or stream of fresh water. 1571 Hanmer Chron. Irel. (1633) 63 A small fresh or brook that falleth into the Nure. 1610 Shaks. Temp. iii. ii. 75 He shall drinke naught but brine, for I’le not shew him Where the quicke Freshes are. 1612 Capt. Smith Map Virginia 13 It groweth like a flagge in low muddy freshes. 1791 Cowper Iliad 11. 952 Brouzed On celery wild, from watery freshes gleaned [eAeo0pe7rToi' tc ceKivov]. 1817 Keats Lett. Wks. 1889 III. 53, I see Carisbrooke Castle from my window, and have found several delightful wood-alleys., and quiet freshes. 4 . A freshwater stream running out into a tide¬ way ; the part of a tidal river next above the salt water ; also, the land or lands adjoining this part. Freq. in pi. Now U. S. 1634 Relat. Ld. Baltimore's Plant at. (1865) 12 It runs vp to the North about 20 miles before it comes to the fresh. 1658 R. # Franck North. Mem. (1694) 173 Here the Salmon relinquish the Salts because by the Porposses pursued up the Freshes. 1683 W. Penn Wks. (1782) IV. 313 The Swedes [inhabit] the freshes of the river Delaware. — Let. to North in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. I. 412 We are one hundred and thirty miles from the main sea, and forty miles up the freshes. 1686 Laws of Maryland (1765) ii, At Pile’s Fresh, on both Sides of the said Fresh. 1689 Banister Virginia in Phil. Trans. XVII. 668, I have sent you what Muscles our Freshes afford. 1693 J. Clayton Acc. Viiginia in Misc . Cur. (1708] III. 297 In the Freshes they more rarely are troubled with the Seasonings. 1705 Beverley Hist. Virginia 11. ii. 6 By running up into the Freshes with the Ship.. during the Five or Six Weeks, that the Worm is thus above Water. Ibid. iii. 11 Mawborn Hills in the Fresh** 0 of James River. 1708 Oldmixon Brit. Empire Amer. 1 . 151 This part of the Delaware is call’d the Freshes. 1896 P. A. Bruce Econ. Hist. Virginia I. 500 note, His planta¬ tion. .was situated in the freshes of Rappahannock River. + Fresh., sbf Obs 1 [?var. of Frush ji.i] An onset, rush. £•1400 Destr. Troy 4730 The fresshe was so felle of the furse grekes. .That [etc.]. Fresh, v. [f. Fresh a .; cf. F . fratchir (OF. freschir intr. in the 12th c.).] + 1 . trans . To make fresh, a. To refresh, re¬ cruit, strengthen ; also, to increase, b. To renew, repair, c. Naut. To fresh the hawse : see Freshen v . 3. Obs. a. ? a 1366 Chaucer Rom. Rose 1513 He thoughte of thilke water shene To drinke and fresshe him wel withalle. 1380 Lay Folks Catech. (Lamb. MS.) 119 Crist wolde ]?at our hope were freschyd in hym. a 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 291 As diuers men han done to fresshe her fame. 14.. Sir Beues( 1885) 134/77 (MSS. CM.) The watur him freschyd, J?at was colde. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cxl. 167 They of Calays were often tymes .. fresshed by stelth. c 1586 C’tess Pembroke Ps. cxlvii. iii, [He who] Fresheth the mountaines with such meedfull spring. 1635 Quarles Embl. I. xi. (1718) 45 And fresh their tired souls with strength¬ restoring sleep. 1890 B. L. Gildersleeve Ess. $ Stud. 190 Now stay. .And fresh your life anon. b. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 727 They make Her water thryes fresshed euery day. 1513 Churchw. Acc., St. Mary hill, London (Nichols 1797) 107 For freshynge the canopy at the high awter. 1606 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. iv. 1. Tropheis 325 With fresh assaults freshing their fury so. 1635 Quarles Embl. iii. (1857) 268 Groans fresh’d with vows and vows made salt with tears. C. 1692 Capt. Smith's Seaman's Gram. 1. xvi. 78 Fresh the Hawse. 2 . intr. + Of the wind: To become fresh, to begin to blow fresh. Also with up. Occas. of the sea: To become lively, roughen. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 107 The 16. the winde freshed, and we passed by Mount Carmel. 1659 B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 282 The wind freshing westwardly, the English bore in..hard among them, a 1691 Flavel Sea-Deliver. (1754) 157 The wind freshed up, and began to bloto a brisk gale. 1775 E. Wild Jml. in Proc. Mass. Hist. Soc. Ser. 11. II. 267 The wind freshing we got clear after several tacks. 1892 [see ppl. a.]. Hence Fre*shing vbl. sb., renewal, refreshment; (of a wound) recrudescence ; Fre'shing ppl. a. e salt scholde is woundene frete. 1535 Coverdale Ps. xxxvi[i], 1 Frett not thy self at the vngodly. 1546 [see Fretting vbl. sb. 3]. 1594 Forman Diary (1849) 26 She cam not to me, and I was marvailously freted with yt. 1596 Shaks. Merck. V. iv. i. 77 You may as well forbid the Mountaine Pines To wagge their high tops .. When they are fretted with the gusts of heauen. 1658 Bromhall Treat. Specters 1. 52 They that stood by mocked him, and he being fretted went away. 1693 W. Freke Art of War ix. 265 Arrows., fret horse doubly more than Guns can. 1709 Steele & Addison Tatler No. 160 F 9, I should have fretted my self to Death at this Promise of a Second Visit. 1768 Goldsm. Good-n. Man 1. i, I have tried to fret him myself. 1801 Southey Thalaba xi. iii, The officious hand Cf consolation, fretting the sore wound. 1820 W Irving Sketch Bk. I. 207 The horses were urged and checked until they were fretted into a foam. 1825 Ld. Cockburn Mem. iv. (1874) 190 They were fretted into something like contempt by the rejection of a claim. 1859 Geo. Eliot A. Bede 32 The long-lost mother .. once fretted our young souls with her anxious humours. 1867 Trollope Citron. Barset I. xi. 91 The bishop .. fretted himself in his chair, moving about with little movements. absol. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 173 f>e bladdre ne mai not be soudid if it be kutt. .for. .J>eurinefretiband hat lettif? he souding. 1712 Arbuthnot John Bull iii. v, Injuries from friends fret and gall more. 9 . intr. for refl. To distress oneself with constant thoughts of regret or discontent; to vex oneself, chafe, worry. Often with additional notion of giving querulous and peevish expression to these feelings. Also, to fret and fume, and fret it out. 1551 Robinson tr. More's Utop 1. (1895) 75 He..so fret, so fumed, and chafed at it. 1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 46 [He] chafid and frettid like a proctor 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. v. iii, Another frets, and sets his grinding teeth Foaming with rage. 1631 Gouge God's Arroivs iii. iii. 188 The more conspicuously are their evill deeds discovered: which makes them the more fret and fume.. 1646 J. Hall Horae Vac. 53 Hanniball gallantly frets it out in Silius. 1699 Dampier Voy II. 1. 81 He fretted to see his. inferiours .raised. 1709 Steele Tatler No 9 P 1 He neither languishes nor burns, but frets for Love. 1768 Goldsm. Good-n. Man v, He cnly frets to keep himself employed. 1802 R. Anderson Cumberld. Ball 43 Another neet’ll suin be here, Sae divvent freet and whine. 1832 Tennyson May Queen Concl. 45 Say to Robin a kind word, and tell him not to fret. 1833 Ht. Martineau Manch. Strike i. 7 Don’t fret, wife , we must do as others do. 1874 L. Stephen .Hours in Library (1892) II. v. 150 Englishmen were fretting under their enforced abstinence [etc.]. 1875 W S. Hayward Love agst. World 83 In secret, Jasper fretted and fumed. b. quasi -trans. With away , out. 1605 Shaks. Macb. v v. 2s A poore Player, That struts and fiets his houre vpon the Stage. 1611 Barrey Ram Alley iii. i. in Hazl. DodsleyY^ 327 Now let him hang, Fret out his guts, and swear the stars from heaven. 1829 I. Taylor Enthus. ix. 244 Many who .. have fretted away an unblessed existence within .. the monastery. 1858 Froude Hist. Eng. IV. xviii. 48 She had driven him from his country to fret out his life in banishment 1879 Farrar St. Paul (1883) 357 The Vibiuses.. who. .fretted their little hour on the narrow stage of Philippi. 10. intr . Of liquor: To undergo secondary fer¬ mentation. Obs. exc. dial. 1664 Beale Cider in Evelyris Pomona 36 When it [i. e. the Cider] is bottled it must not be perfectly fine, for if it Is so, it will not fret in the bottle, a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) I 244 All Love at first, like generous Wine, Fer¬ ments and frets, until ’tis fine. 1775 Sir E Barry Observ. Wines 43 Some of the .. more generous kind [of wine] ..required great care to prevent them from fretting. 1888 Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. 270 Fret , to ferment. transf. 1804 Poet. Reg. 470 Beneath these butchers stalls ..Where rankling offals fret in many a heap. b. trans. ( causatively). Also, To fret in : see quot. 1872. 1742 Lond. 4- Country Brew. 1. (ed. 4) 66 Without fretting or causing it to burst the Cask for Want of Vent, i860 O. W. Holmes Elsie V xxii. (1891) 313 Both were .. old enough to have all their beliefs ‘ fretted in ’, as vintners say, —thoroughly worked up with their characters. 1872 Cooley's Cycl. Pract. Receipts (ed. 5) 1185/2 The technical terms ‘ sweating in ’ and * fretting in * are applied to the partial production of a second fermentation, for the purpose of mellowing down the flavour of foreign ingredients (chiefly brandy), added to wine. 11 . intr. Of a stream, etc.: To move in agitation or turmoil, to flow or rise in little waves ; to chafe. Often used with conscious metaphor and mixture of sense 9. 1727-46 Thomson Summer 481 The. .brook. .fretting o’er a rock. 1803-6 Wordsw. Intimat. Immort. xi, I love the brooks which down their channels fret. 1808 Scott Marm. II. Introd. 104 Scarce can Tweed his passage find, Though much he fret, and chafe, and toil. 1849 C. Bronte Shirley xxi. 307 The mill-stream, .fretting with gnarled tree-roots. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. I. xiv. 189 Short sharp waves in a Highland loch, fretting under a squall against a rocky shore. fig. 1822 Hazlitt Table-t. Ser. 11. iv. (1869) 81 A certain stream of irritability that is continually fretting upon the wheels of life. 1884 W. C. Smith Kildrostan 1. iii. 51 The stream of thought, Fretting against its limits and obstruc¬ tions. 12. trans. ( causatively). To throw (water) into agitation ; to cause to rise in waves; to ruffle. 1794 G. Adams Nat. $ Exp. Philos. I. vi. 210 The surface of the water is fretted and curdled into the finest waves by the undulations of the air. 1839 De Quincey Recoil. Lakes Wks. 1862 II. 54 Some great river .. fretted by rocks or thwarting islands. 1858 Lytton What Will He do 1. iv, See .. how the slight pebbles are fretting the wave. 1863 Hawthorne Our Old Home 272 The surface [of the river] .. being fretted by the passage of a hundred steamers. 1871 Joaquin Miller Songs Italy (1878)23 Notone gondola frets the lagoon. 13 . dial. See quot.; cf. sense 4 and Fret sb 2 2. 1856 Jrtil.fi. Agric. Soc. XVII. 11. 482 The grassland in this district is peculiarly liable to scour (‘ fret ’) the young cattle. Fret (fret), v 2 Forms: Inf. 4-7 frett(e, (5 freett, 6 freat), 5- fret. Pa. t. 5 fret. Pa. pple. 4-7 fret(t(e, (5 freit, freyt), 4-5 frettet, -it, -ut, 4- fretted. Also pa. pple. 4 ifreted. [Perh. re¬ presents several distinct but cognate words. In part this word seems to be a. OF. freter (used in pa. pple. frete , = Anglo-Lat. frectatus , frictatus, frestatus , in the sense ‘ ornamented with interlaced work, embroidered with gold, etc.’, also Her. ‘fretty’), f. ft A ete\ see Fret sb . 1 In the architec¬ tural sense it agrees with F'retish v. 2 \ the two forms may be adoptions of the two stems of the OF. vb. *fraitir , fraitiss-. There may also have been an independent English formation on Fret sb. x The common view, that fret represents OE .frxtw{p)an, to adorn, seems inadmissible phonologically ; but it is possible that the OE. vb., though not recorded after the 12th c., may have survived in speech, and have been confused with the Romanic vb.] f 1 . trans. To adorn with interlaced work, esp. in gold or silver embroidery; in wider sense, to adorn richly with gold, silver, or jewels. Obs. 13.. E. E. Allit. P» B. 1476 Fyoles fretted with flores & fleez of golde. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 9107 Other stanes of gret prys, With fyne gold wyre alle obout frett. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. 11. 11 Fetislich hir fyngres were fretted with golde wyre. c 1400 Beryn 3926 A swerd .. wyth seyntur Ifreted all with perelis. c 1450 Golagros 4- Ga7u. 318 Frenyeis of fyne silk, fretit ful fre. 1494 Fabyan Chron. iv. lxix. 48 The Emperour .. garnysshed the Crosse with many riche stones freit with golde. a 1529 Skelton Image HyPocr 375 Curtle, cope and gowne With golde and perles sett And stones well iffret 1577-87 Holinshed Chron. III. 815/1 Ladies all in white and red silke, set vpon coursers trapped in the same sute, freated ouer with gold. Ibid. 857/1 The quire, .sieled with cloth of gold, and thereon fret ingrailed bent clothes of silke. 1600 Fairfax Tasso ix. lxxxii. 175 In his Turkish pompe he shone, In purple robe, ore fret with gold and stone. 1607 Hieron Wks. I. 74 He could .. haue fretted (as it were) the whole volume of the booke with excellencie of words, a 1668 Davenant Masque Wks (1673) 364 His bed-chamber door, and seeling, fretted with stars in Capital Letter. b- transf To variegate, chequer, form a pattern upon. 1601 Shaks. Jul. C. 11. i. 104 Yon grey Lines That fret the Clouds, are Messengers of Day 1839 Longf. Hyperion iii. i (1853) 142 White clouds sail aloft; and vapours fret the blue sky with silver threads. 2 . Arch. To'adorn {esp. a ceiling) with carved or embossed work in decorative patterns. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. 11. iv. 88 The Roofe o’th Chamber With golden Cherubins is fretted, 1615 Sir R. Boyle Diary (1886) I. 66, I compounded with my plaiserer to ffrett my parlor. 1667 Pepys Diary (1879) IV. 322 The Duke of York’s chamber..as it is now fretted at the top, is .. one of the noblest and best-proportioned rooms. 1853 Kingsley Hypatia xix. 218 Against the wall stood presses and chests fretted with fantastic Oriental carving. . transf and fig. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 11. ii. 313 This Ma- iesticall Roofe, fretted with golden fire. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. vi. v. 336 Simple ignorance not fretted and embossed with malice, .caused that desolation of Libraries in England. 1729 Savage Wanderer 1. 40 The solar fires now faint and wat’ry burn, Just where with ice Aquarius frets his urn ! 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 559 Vaulted by magnificent canopies, fretted with a variety of depending petrifactions. 1842 H. Miller O. R. Sandst. viii. (ed. 2) 170 Its shelly armour was delicately fretted with the forms of circular or elliptical scales. 3 . Her. To interlace. 1572 Bossewell Armorie 11. 121b, Hee beareth Or, a Lyon rampaunt d’Ermine, debrused with two Barruletes, and fret with the thirde, Sable. 1828-40 Berry Encycl. Her. I, Fretting each other, interlacing each other. + Fret, iff Obs. rare. [ad. OF. freter (Fr. fretter ), f. OF. *frete (Fr. frette') ring, hoop.] trans. To bind (properly, with a hoop or ring). Also fig. 1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 41 Foxes frettid in fere wasten the cornes. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iv. xxviii. (1869) 190 She was bounden with hoopes, and faste fretted [fretee]. Ibid. xxix. 191 She is bounden and bounden ayen ; fretted [F. fretee ] with obseruaunces. a 1450 Fysshynge w. Angle (1883) 8 Double the lyne and frete hyt fast yn be top with a nose to fasten an your lyne. + Fret, vf Obs.\ merged in Fret 3-13. [Of difficult etymology. It might satisfactorily be explained as a. CF. *freitcr = mod. F. dial, fretter, Yx.fretar , It. frett are'. —vulgar L. */rictare, freq. of L .friedre to rub ; but the OF. form has not been found. Cf. the synonymous OF. froter(F. frotter), which, in spite of phonological difficulties, some scholars connect with this group.] 1 . trans. To rub, chafe. Also with away. Causatively : To make pass by rubbing ; to cause (a keel) to graze. 13.. Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. xxxii. 978 Penaunce.. frete)) a-wei be fulj)e of synne. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Clemens 283 pai fretyt bare facis bane [ faciem confricantes ] Fore ferly & pis speke be-gane. c 1450 Two Cookery-bks. 113 Nym appeles, seth hem, let hem kele, frete hem thorwe an her syue. 1483 Cath. Angl. 143/1 To Frete ; fricare .. to rubbe. a 1547 Surrey in TotteVs Misc . (Arb.) 27 Ne by FRET. 541 FRETTING. coward dred..On shalow shores thy keel in perill freat. 1653 Cog an Diod. Sic. 127 The inhabitants, .know this tree, .by the Elephants rubbing and fretting it. 1705 Loud. Gaz. No. 4179/4 The Hair fretted short about the middle of her Mane. fig. 1581 Lambarde Eiren. iv. xix. (1588) 602 The one of these Statutes doth not fret the other, b. Of a bird: To preen (feathers). 1423 J as. I KingisQ. xxxv, Freschly in thaire birdis kynd arraid Thaire fetheris new, and fret thame In the sonne. 2 . intr. To rub, produce friction; to fray out. 1643 Fuller Inaug. Serin. § 23 That his curtesies might not unravell or fret out hath bound them with a strong border. 1660 Sharrock Vegetables 147 Such positions, that one [branch] may not easily fret upon another. 1692 Capt. Smith's Seamans Gram. 1. xvi. 81 To Serve a Rope , is to wind something about it, to keep it from frettingout. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 587 Taking off the weight of difficulties, so that they may not fret upon the shoulders. 3 . a. ?To have dealings with (cf. F. se frotter avec). b. ? To conflict, offend against. Obs. (The interpretation of the words in these passages, and their identity with the present verb, are very doubtful.) c 1400 Destr. Troy 12846 Hetis horn, .to haue all hor hert wille, Of ffredom. .fret with horn so, And all your will shall ye wyn. 1435 Misyn Fire 0/Love 92 Slike frenschyp is pure naturel, & )>erfore meyd ne vnmeyd, bot if it oght freyt [nisi aliquid moliatur ] agayn godis commament, it is worjn. Fret I fret), v .5 [f. Fret^JI] trans. To furnish (a guitar, etc.) with frets. Hence Fre*tted ppl. a. 1600 Rowlands Lett. Humours Blood 5 While you your selues like musicke sounding Lutes fretted and strunge, gaine them their silken sutes. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 111. ii. 388 [Punning use] Call me what Instrument you will, though you can fret me, you cannot play vpon me. 1647 Ward Simp. Cobler 39 Instruments may be well made and well strung, but if they be not well fretted, the Musique is marred. 1689 Lond. Gaz. No. 2437/4 All sorts of fretted Instruments, especially Lutes and Viols. 1874 Knight Diet. Meek. II. 1031 An instrument having the fretted neck of the former [the guitar]. t Fret, v. G Obs. Pa. pple. fret(t(e; also yfretted. [ad. OY. freier, pa. pple. fret/! ‘ garni ’ (Godef.); perh. a use of freter Fret v . 2 Cf. Freight pple. i b.] trans. To furnish, stock, stud, supply. Chiefly in pa. pple. modified by advbs. full, thick, well. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 339 With alle ]>e fode }?at may be founde frette \>y cofer. c 1400 Rom. Rose 4705 Love, it is an hateful pees.. A trouthe [Thynne and MS. And through the], fret full of falshede. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xxx. 136 All J?ir greez er .. frette full of perle and o)?er precious stones. C1400 Ywaine <5- Gaw. 3160 A klub .. Thik fret with mani a thwang. 1413 Pilgr. Solute (Caxton 1483) iv. xxxii. 81 Armes..wel frett with senewes and al ful of veynes. 1430-40 Lydg. BocJias v. vii. (1554) 127 a, A croune of fresh Laurer Forged of gold, fret full of stones clere. Fret, ppl . a. [pa. pple. of Fret v. >2 ] Of a ceiling: = Fretted ppl. af 1663 Gerbier Counsel{ 1664)45 Summers, .to be framed in such proportion as may serve to make an Italian fret Seeling. 1720 Strype Stow'sSurv. I.n. xiii. 191/1 This Church..was built in an Octangular Form with a fine fret Cieling. t Fretchard. Obs .- 1 [f. *fretch, Fratch v. + -ard.] A fretful or peevish person. a 1640 W. Fenner Sacrifice Faith/. (1648) 15 The angrie fretchard praies for patience and meeknesse and yet sets downe without it. t Fretel. Obs.— 1 [a. OYx. fretel, frestell\ A sort of flute ; a pan-pipe. 1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. xi. iv, And Tymolus. .juged by ryghte that the sowne of the lyre was better than the fretel or pype of Cornewaylle. + Fretewil. [f. stem of Fret v .* + wil (related to Will sb. and v.) desirous. Cf. ME. drunc-wil , here-wil, spatwil , etc.] Voracious. a 1225 Ancr. R. (MS. C) 128 note , Fretewil wiSalle. Fretful (fre’tful), a. [f. Fret v . 1 + -ful.] + 1 . a. Corrosive, irritating, lit. and fig. b. Irri¬ tated, inflamed. Obs. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, in. ii. 403 Though parting be a fretfull corosiue, It is applyed to a deathfull wound. 1594 Plat Jewell-ho. 1. 56 More sharpe, and fretfull to their fingers than their vsuall morter. 1804 Abernethy Surg. Observ. 126 The ulcer..was of the size of a shilling, with fretful edges. 2 . Disposed to fret, irritable, peevish, ill-tem¬ pered; impatient, restless. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 1. v. 20 A Tale .. whose lightest word would, .make, .each particular haire to stand on end, Like Quilles vpon the fretfull Porpentine. 1632 J. Hayward tr. Biondi’s Eromcna 96 In so much as he became fretfull, and pettish. 1739 Cibber Apol. (1756) II. 34 The fretful temper of a friend. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) IV. 209 Im¬ pelled by a fretful impetuosity. 1802 Med. Jrnl. VIII. 528 The child had become more silly and fretful. 1833 Regul. Instr. Cavalry 1. 83 A horse continues uneasy and fretful with the bit. 1837 Lytton E. Maltrav. in. ii, Men of second-rate faculties.. are fretful and nervous. 0:1848 Rossetti Blessed Damozel vi, Where this earth Spins like a fretful midge. 3 . a. Of water, etc.: Agitatsd, troubled, broken into waves, b. Of the wind: Blowing in frets or gusts; gusty. 1613-16 W. Browne Brit. Past. 11. iv. 691 Two goodly streames .. Whose fretfull waues beating against the hill, Did all the bottome with soft muttrings fill. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 322 The horizon .. was so extremely black, fretful, and hazy, that nothing could be seen, a 1849 J\C. Mangan Poems (1859) 122 Bitter blows the fretful morning wind. 1887 Pall Mall G. 25 July 2/2 A pretty picture framed by the fretful sea and the cloudless sky. 4 . Characterized by or apt to produce fretting. 1737 Thomson Mem. Ld. Talbot 340 The kindred Souls of every Land, (Howe’er divided in the fretful Days Of Prejudice and Error) mingled now. 1798 Woedsw. Tintern Abbey , The fretful stir Unprofitable and the fever of the world. 1852 Blackie Study Lang. 33 To pick words out of a dictionary is fretful. 1890 Murray's Mag. June 737 The fearsome, fretful, forest, dank and deep. Hence Fretfully adv., in a fretful manner; Fret- fulness, the quality or condition of being fretful. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 274 And this we tearme fret- fulnesse or pettishnes. 1789 Mad. D’Arblay Diary Apr., Really frightened at she knew not what, she fretfully ex¬ claimed, [etc.]. 1843 J. JU arti neau Chr. Life (1867) 239 Drives away every trace of fretfulness, i860 Froude Hist. Eng. V. 174 The Carews rode fretfully up and down the river banks, probing the mud with their lances to find foot¬ ing for their horses. 1880 Ouida Moths I. ix. 228 ‘ What is the use of putting off? ’ said her mother fretfully, ‘ you will be ill ’. f Fre'tish, fre’tize, w 1 Obs. Also 6 fre- tissh, freatish, 6-7 frettish, -ize. [f. frediss- lengthened sXzmoiOYx.fredirffreidir ( Yr.froidir ), f .freid (Fr .froid) cold.] trans. To chill, benumb. Only in pass. . 1523 St. Papers Hen. VIII, IV. 52 Many of their horses loste and fretished. 1535 Ibid. IX. 147, I could get neither bread, drink, nor fire .. till I was fretisshed. 1581 Mul- caster Positions xliii. (1887) 265 That foolish fellow was fretished for cold. 1607 Walkington Opt. Glass 58 Reviv¬ ing those remote parts, which without his influence woulde otherwise be frettisht with a chilnes. Hence Fre tished ppl. a. ; Fre'tishing, vbl. sb., a weakness in a horse’s feet, the result of a chill, the pinching of a shoe, etc.; Fre'tishing ppl. a., becoming ‘fretished’. 1581 Mulcaster Posit.' vi. (1887) 48 Daunsing. .strengthen¬ ed weake hippes, fainting legges, freatishing feete. 1607 Topsell Four/. Beasts (1658) 292 Of the fretized, broken, and rotten lungs. 1610 Markham Masterp. 11. lxii. 322 If the horse be foundred through the straitnesse of a shoo, which .. is not a founder, but a frettizing which is a degree lesse then foundring. 1617 — Caval. vm. 8 Nowe if his Horse haue beene formerly foundred or frettised vpon his feete. 1639 T. De Gray Compl. Horsem. 38 We prick the two Toe-veines which do help Frettizing. + Fre'tish, fre’tize, v 2 Obs. In 7 frettish. [Connected with OF. fraitis (Godef.), said of capitals of columns, and app. rendering ‘ quasi in modum retis’ in 1 Kings vii. 17. Cf. Fret sb. 1 , v 2 If this be a pa. pple., the Eng. vb. is prob. ad. OF. *frai- tiss-y *fraitir. If it be an adj. :—L. type ? *fracticius, the Eng. vb. is prob. formed upon it.] trans. =Fret v . 2 Hence + Fre'tized ppl. a., + Fre-tizing vbl. sb. 1579-80 North Plutarch (1676) 36 The fretised seelings curiously wrought. 1601 in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 260 Payde also vnto Cobbe for frettishing the gallerie and the great chamber 3o li . 1606 Breton Sydney s O urania ii, In purple robe with starres yfretized. Ibid. xvi, A Carkanet.. Fretized with Carbuncles. 1626 T. H. Caussin's Holy Crt. 85 This, .beautiful embowed frettizing of the heauenly Orbes. a 1693 Urquhart Rabelais in. lii. 429 Angiports. .frettized and embowed Seelings. 1703 T. S. Art's Improv. 1. 43 Frettized work. Fretless (fre'tles), a. rare. [f. Fret sb . 2 or v . 1 + -less.] a. Free from fret or annoyance, b. Of water: Unruffled. 1878 Browning La Saisiaz 3 Fretless and free, Soul clap thy pinion ! 1894 A. Webster Mother <5- Dau. (1895) 17 A full and crystal lake, .strong and fretless, stirs not. + Fre'tly, a. Her. Obs. [a. OF. fretell, occur¬ ring in the sense ‘ bespattered (with mud) ’, dim. of frete Frett y ; cf. the MDu. adapted vb . frete- leeren to chequer.] = Counterfessed. i486 Bk. St. Albans , Her. B iij a, Fretly is calde in arrays whan the cootarmure is counterfesid. 1586 Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 207 They called it sometimes Countersesyd, and commonly Frettely. Fretoure, obs. form of Fritter. Fret-saw. [f. Fret sb . 1 + Saw sb .] A saw used for fret-cutting. So Fret-sawing vbl. sb., fret-cutting with such a saw. 1865 Specif, J. Kennan's Patent No. 926. 1 Oscillating frame in which the fret-saw is strained. 1875 W. E. A. Axon Mechanic's Friend 15 Vibrating fret-saw. Fre’tso me, a. rare. [f. Fret vA + -some.] a. Causing to fret; annoying, b. Given to fretting. 1834 J. Wilson in Black'io. Mag. XXXVI. 586 Incessant refilling of plates is fretsome. 1870 Mrs. Phelps Hedged In xviii. 273 Been aye too busy and poor an’ fretsome. Frettage (freTed^). [a. Fr .frettage, i.fretter to ring, f. frette Fret .sA 5 ] a. The process of shrinking on rings of metal about the breech of a gun to give additional strength, b. The collection of rings thus employed. 1882 Rep. Chief of Ordnance 244 (Cent.) The gun. .ordin¬ arily receives an exterior frettage. Frettation (frete*-Jan). rare - 1 . [f. Fret v . 1 -f -ATION.] Annoyance ; discomposure. 1779 Mad. D’Arblay Diary (1842) I. iv. 163 She heard of my infinite frettation upon occasion of being pamphleted. t Frette. Obs. rare. [app. ad. med.L./>r/«/;/, adapted form of the Teut. *fripu - Frith sb., peace.] A composition, agreement. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 290 Barons. .Suld com J?er he was, & with him mak her frette, Or [etc.]. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. cxciii. 169 No man must speke with the Kyng, but he had made with hym [the chamberlain] a frette for to done his nede. Frette, var. of Fret sbA Fretted (fre*ted), ppl. a. 1 [LFret v. x -f -ED 1 .] 1 . Eaten or worn into holes, chafed. *545 Ascham Toxoph. (Arb.) 121 To make the freated place as stronge or stronger then any other. 1649 C. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. IV, ccclxxxii, His Raigne was All one thin Much-fretted veile of Loyaltie. 1821 Joanna Baillie Met. Leg., Lady G. B. xxxi, Through fretted hose and garment rent. 2 . Worried, vexed, chafed, distressed. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. JVatcrs I. Pref., The fears of these fretted philosophers will by and by subside. 1797-1803 Foster in Life *5- Corr. (1846) I. 203 Feelings are rather fretted than melancholy. 1864 E. A. Murray E. Norman I. 7 Mrs. Townshend’s .. countenance .. bore that fretted expression which [etc.]. 1876 Blackie Songs Relig. Life 136 Like ruffled plumes upon a fretted bird. 3 . Of water: Raised in small waves, ruffled. 1855 H. Reed Lcct. Eng. Hist. in. 416 The sentiment of filial piety, which ought to flow in a placid current, is changed into a broken and fretted tide. Fretted (fre-ted), ppl. a . 2 [f. Fret v . 2 + -ed h] 1 . Adorned with carving in elaborate patterns; carved or wrought into decorative patterns. 1552 Huloet, s. v. Beame , Beame of a rouffe, not beynge in- bowed or fretted.. 1667 Pepys Diary 3 May, The Duke of York’s chamber.. is now fretted at the top. 1711 Pope Temp. Fame 138 Wide vaults appear, and roofs of fretted gold. 1750 Gray Elegy 39 Thro’ the long-drawn isle and fretted vault The pealing anthem swells the note of praise. 1813 Byron Br. Abydos 11. v, And round her lamp of fretted gold Bloom flowers in urns of China’s mould. 1872 Ruskin Eagle's Nest § 92 The fretted pinnacles of Rouen, b. transf. and fig. in various senses. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 725 His necke in many a ruge Yfretted grete. 1784 Cowper Task v. 118 Embossed, and fretted wild The growing wonder takes a thousand shapes Capricious. 1809 Pinkney Trav. France 205, I..watched ..the moon ascending in the fretted vault. 1856 Capern Poems (ed. 2) 11 The antler’d oak, the fretted thorn, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xi. 78 The slope .. its termination being the fretted coping of the precipice. 2 . Her. Interlaced. Cf. Fretty a . 1 1586 Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 177 Burley beareth palee of 6 parts A and B, fretted with a barrulet in fesse G, chiefe and baste of the same. 1610 Guillim Heraldry iv. iii. 195 The Field is Pearle, a Purse open, the long strings thereof pendant, Fretted, Nowed, Buttoned and Tasselled. t Fretten. Obs. Also 5 freton. [ad. Fr. fretin broken pieces, ultimately f. ’L.fractus broken.] (See quots.) 1477 Norton Ord. Alch. vi. in Ashm. (1652) 96 The harder stuffe is called Freton, Of clipping of other Glasses it come. 1688 R. Holme Armoury in. 385/2 Fretten is wastecutand broken Glasse fit for noe worke. Castaway glasse. Fretter 1 (fre-toi). [f. Fret v . 1 + -er h] One who or that which frets. 1 . t a. A devourer (obs.). b. That which gnaws, eats away, or corrodes. Obs. exc. in vinefretter : see qnot. 1608. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 43 Terre., is a fretter, and no healer, without it be medled with some of these [oil, butter, etc.]. 1568-9 Act 11 Eliz. in Bolton Stat. Irel. (1621) 298 The fretter of our lives and substance. 1608 Topsell Ser¬ pents 666 Vine-fretters, which are a kind of Caterpillers, or little hairy wormes with many feet, that eat vines when they begin to shoot. 1610 Markham Masterp. 11. exxx. 432 Other Farriers vse the powder of Risagallo, or Risagre, but it is a great deale too strong a fretter. 1611 Cotgr., Tavelliere, the little worme called a Wood-fretter. 1771 Misc. in Ann. Reg. Reaumur has proved that vine fretters do not want an union of sexes for the multiplication of their kind. 1895 Dublin Rev. Oct. 444 He considered the generation of vine fretters from a new point of view. 2 . a. One who or something which irritates or chafes, b. One who gives way to fretting or ill- temper. a. 1503 Hawes Examp. Virt. viii. (Arb.) 38 So that fraylte to hym be no freter. a 1625 Beaum. & FL. Bloody Bro. 11. ii, Give me some drink, this fire’s a plaguy fretter. 1790 Wolcott (P. Pindar) Advice to Put. Laureat Wks. 1812 II. 341 Thou plague of Post Office, the teaser, fretter. b- 1649 Fuller Just Man's Fun. 19 The first are the fretters. a 1732 T. Boston Serm. (1850) 120 This doctrine reproves murmurers and fretters. Fretter 1 (fre’toi). [f. Fret z/.^p-er 1 .] A branch that rubs. 1615 W. Lawson Orch. Gard. iii. xi. (1668) 38 Fretters are when., two or more parts of the tree, or of divers trees, as arms, boughs .. grow so near and close together, that one of them by rubbing doth wound one another. 1664 Evelyn Sylva (1776) 472 This is of great importance and so is the sedulously taking away of Suckers, Water-boughs, Fretters, etc. 1670 J. Smith England's Improi’. Reviv'd 72. Fretting (fre'tiq), vbl. sb . 1 [f. Fret v . 1 + -ing !.] The action of Fret v . 1 in various senses. 1 . A slow gnawing or eating away; erosion,cor¬ rosion ; also, the process of decaying or wasting. 1382 Wyclif i Kings viii. 37 If that hungre were growen vp on the erthe, or .. fretynge or locust. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. xlv. (1495) 568 Rust is .. done awaye . .by. .fretyng of a sawe or a fyle. c 1440 Gesta Rom. lxiv. 278 (Add. MS.) And the thirde day after she died, as by fretyng of the addres. 1545 Ascham Toxoph. (Arb.) 108 Buckles and agglettes at vnwares, shall race hys bowe, a thinge. .perilous for freatynge. 1599 Hakluyt Vop. II. 161 No Wooll is lesse subiect to Mothes, or to fretting in presse, then this. 1793 G. White Setborne v. (1853) 22 These roads are by .. the fretting of water worn down through the first stratum of our freestone. 1878 Masque Poets 106 The fretting of worms on withered wood. FRETTING. FRIAR. + b. A gnawing or pain (in the bowels). Obs. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 73/1 Chervynge, or fretynge in pe wombe, torcio. 1533 Elyot Cast. Helthe 24 [Fennel seed] mytigateth freattynges of the stomake and guttes. 1578 Lyte Dodoens v. lxxviii. 646 Gripings and frettings of the belly. 2 . Of fermented liquors : The process of under¬ going a second and inactive fermentation. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew , Parell. .poured into a Vessel of Wine to Cure it’s Fretting. 1745 Needham Microsc. Disc. vii. 76 The fretting of Wine in the Spring Time..may be owing to a Fermentation. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 171 Singing must be carefully distinguished from fretting. The former is the result of active, the latter of inactive, fermentation. 3 . The action of irritating or chafing. 1546 Phaer Bk. Childr. (1553) T vb, Some haue an ytch and a fretting of the skynne asyf it hadde bene rubbed with nettels. 1638 Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. II) 194 The onely Medicine that, .cleanseth without fretting. 4 . Vexation, worrying ; an instance of this. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 115 Turment not thy selfe (tny hert) with affliccyon & frettynge for that thynge that thou can not haue. 1583 Stanyhurst /Eneis 11. (Arb.)46 With choloricque fretting I dumpt. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts (1658) 83 They fall into passions, frettings, sweating, pulling off their hats, and trembling fearfully. a 1716 Blackall Wks. (1723) I. 46 By their continual Peevishness and Frettings, they become ten times more un¬ easy. i860 Emerson Cond. Life, Fate Wks. (Bohn) II. 325 In age, we put out another sort of perspiration,—gout, fever, rheumatism, .fretting, avarice. Fretting (fre'tig), vbl. sb . 2 [f. Fret v 2 + -ing 1 .] The action of covering (a ceiling, etc.) with frets or fretwork; the ornamentation so pro¬ duced. Also transf. 1614 Sir R. Boyle Diary (1886) I. 49, I agree to paie the plaisterers for fretting of my gallery at Yoghall 40 marks. 1624 Wotton Archit . (1672) 63 Of this plastick Art, the chief use with us is in the graceful fretting of Roofs. 1801 Southey Thalaba iv. x, The lovely Moon, O’er whose broad orb the boughs A. mazy fretting framed. 1858 G. Macdonald Phantastes xiv. 185 The arches intersected in¬ tricately, forming a fretting of black upon the white. 1880 Watson in Jrtil. Linn. Soc. XV. No. 84. 227 The peculiar microscopic spiral fretting of the genus. + Fretting, vbl.sbZ Ol>s. [f. Fretz/A + -jng2.] c 1400 Lanfrancs Cirnrg. 179 If }?ou wolt kepe pe eendis of be heeris fro fretynge. 1552 Huloet s.v. Bolster , Bolsters whyche bearers of burdens, as porters, etc. do weare for freatynge, thomices . 1578 Banister Hist. Man 1. 13 [A] Gristle, .maketh the motion, .more easie, and swift, without metyng and frettyng of the Bones. 1600 Hakluyt Voy. (1810) III. 128 They kindle their fire with .. fretting one sticke against another. 1657 Austen Fruit Trees 1. 65 Trees planted a good distance one from another are freed from frettings and gallings. Fretting (fre tiq), ppl.a. [f. Feet ».i + -ing2.] That frets, in senses of the vb. 1 . Gnawing, corroding, consuming, wasting. a. in material sense. Obs. or arch. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xxi. 158 Of alle fretynge venymes he vilest is \>e scorpion, c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirnrg. 203 Eruginosa is lijk he rust of copur. & his maner of colre is miche freting & scharp. 1570 G. Ellis Lament. Lost Sheep Ixxvii, Thou drankest freting vineger with gall, To make their bitter waters hunny-sweet. 1578 Lyte Dodoens in. lvi. 223 Cast into fretting and devouring ulcers .. it stayeth the same. 1603 Shaks. Mens, for M. iv. iii. 151 Command these fretting waters from your eies. 1665-6 Phil. Trans. I. 257 Some other thing that will not be injured by the fretting Brine. 1676 D’Urfey Mad. Fickle iv. i, Dor. Now has he a fretting Feaver on him. 1685 Boyle Salnb. Air 65 The Liquor..by its fretting quality corrodes and dissolves Gold. 1769 J. Brown Diet. Bible s. V., A fretting leprosy is one which by prickling and rank¬ ling wastes the flesh. 1813 T. Busby Lucretius 1. 361 To watery drops the hardest marbles yield, And lessening ploughshares own the fretting field. 1873 Farrar Silence h matter. b. Of the wind : Blowing in frets or gusts. 1628 Digby Voy. Medit. (1868) 51 It was a maine storme, and a furious fretting wind, and in gustes there came most violent flawes. Hence Prettingly adv., in a fretting manner. 1649 Drumm. of Hawth. Hist. Jas. V. Wks. (17n) 107 In musical instruments, if a string jar and be out of tune, we do not frettingly break it, but leisurely veer it about to a concord. 1866 Mrs. M. J. Preston Beechenbrook, Like a mettled young war-horse that, .frettingly champs at the bit. Fretty (fre*ti), a . l Also frettd(e. [ad. OFr. fretU, f. frete trellis-work : see Fret jA 1 ] 1 . Her. * Covered with a number of narrow bars or sticks, usually eight, lying in the directions of the bend and bend-sinister, interlacing each other’ (Cussans). f Of a charge: Fretted or interlaced with. 1562 Legh Armory 158 b, If there be mo then viii Peces, then shall it be blazed frette and neuer tell the pices. 1572 Bossewell Armorie 11. 36b, This Cheuron may be borne frettie with an other. 1705 Hearne Collect. 24 Nov., [He] bore for his Armes Or frette gules, with a Besant on each joynt of y° Frette. 1844 Page Suppl. Suff. Trav. 159 Willoughby: or; fretty, azure. 1850 Mrs. Jameson Leg . Monast. Ord. (1863) 109 Morville bears the Fretty fleurs- de-lis. absol. quasi-sA 1687 Lond. Gaz . No. 2217/4 The following Coats of Arms. .viz. A Frettee of Six Barrs, and a Party-par- pale Indented Quarter’d Coat upon the one Pair. 1869 W. S. Ellis Antiq. Her. x. 236 The Lord Audley as a special favour, .allowed four of his esquires to bear his own fretty in their coat armour. + 2. transf. a 1618 J. Davies Sonnet Oxf. Univ. 16 Oxford, o I praise thy situation ..Thy Bough-deckt-dainty Walkes, with Brooks beset Fretty, like Christall Knots, in mould of let. Fretty (fre*ti), a 2 [f. Fret v . 1 + -y h] Inclined to fret. a. Of persons : Fretful; irritable, b. Of a sore: Inflamed, festering. 1844 Dickens Let. to Forster in Forster Life (1873) II. no O’Connell’s speeches are the old thing: fretty, boastful, frothy. 1890 Life's Remorse II. xiii. 136 I have been rather fretty about it. 1894 Catholic News 16 June, The book is a literary running sore, fretty, stenchsome and^ repulsive. 1895 R. Kipling in Pall Mall G. 26 June 2/1 It is a curious thing that if you call his name aloud in public after an Englishman you make him hot and fretty. t Fretwise, -ways, adv. Obs. [f. Fret sbJ + -WISE.] I11 the form of a fret; so as to interlace. 1423 Jas. I Kingis Q. xlvi, In fret-wise couchit [was] with perleis quhite. 1610 Guillim Heraldry 111. xxii. 169 Sometimes you shall find Fishes borne fret-waies, that is to say fretted or interlaced one ouer another. 1717 Tabor in Phil. Trans. XXX. 558 Some [bricks] had one of their Sides wav’d..some Fretwise. Fre’twork. [f. Fret sb. 1 + Work jA} 1 . Arch . Carved work in decorative patterns con¬ sisting largely of intersecting lines, csp. as used in the decoration of ceilings. 1601 Holland Pliny xxxvi. xxiv. II. 595 Piastre serveth passingwell to white wals or seeling ; also for to make little images in fretworke, to set forth houses. C1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 144 Y° Church is new and very handsome, good frettworke on y° top. 1768 Gray in Corr. w. N . Nicholls (1843) 81 The wooden fretwork of the north isle you may copy, when you build the best room of your new Gothic parsonage. 1823 Byron Juan xii. lxii, The gale sweeps through its fretwork. 1852 Miss Yonge Cameos (1877) II. xiv. 149 A tomb rich in fretwork and imagery. transf and fig. 1693 W. Freke Sel. Ess. Apol. 6 If., the .. sincerity of my Work has been full and just .. I may well leave the Fretwork .. to an after part. 1712 Addison Sped. No. 414 IP 2 The curious Fret-work of Rocks and Grottos. 1820 Lamb Elia Ser. 1. South Sea Ho.. Moths.. making fine fret-work among their single and double entries. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 353 Some party of pleasure banqueting on the turf in the fretwork of shade and sun¬ shine. attrib. 1634 Wither Emblemcs 222 Hee that in his hall or parlour dines Which fret-worke roofes, or costly cedar lines. 1799 R. Warner Walks (1800) 43 The magnificent cathedral of Wells, with its fret-work towers. 1807 Wordsw. White Doe vii. 343 And floors encumbered with the show Of fret-work imagery laid low. 1841 T. J. Ouseley Eng. Melodics 146 To gaze upon the leafy fret-work screens. 1878 M c Vittie Ch.-Ch . Cathedral 75 A fret-work string course under the triforium arcade. 2 . Wood-work cut with a fret-saw into orna¬ mental designs. 1881 Young Every man his o^un Mechaiiic § 39 Better adapted for back-grounds than for sawing as fret-work. Ibid. § 633 Fret-work consists chiefly in cutting out an open and elaborate design in thin wood. 3 . Her. 1864 Boutell Her. Hist. <$• Pop. vii. 32 This Frette-Work is supposed to be in relief upon the field. 4 . (See quot.) 1859 Gwilt Encycl. Arch. u. iii. (ed. 4) 586 Fretwork is the ornamental part of lead-light work, and consists in working ground or stained glass into different patterns and devices. Hence Fre'tworked///. a. 1875 J. H. Bennet PPintcr Medit. iv. xix. 607 The sand¬ stone rocks, .are. .fretworked into every conceivable shape. Freuch, Sc. form of Frough a., weak, frail. Freure, var. of Frover, Obs., comfort. Frevol(l, -wall, -ell, -ill, var. ff. Frivol, Obs. Frey, obs. form of Fry sb., young fish. Freyne, var. of Frian, Obs. Freytoureere: see Fraterer. Frezel, var. of Frizzle, sb. 2 Friability (frsiabi-ITti). [ad. Y. friabiliU : see Friable and -ity.] The quality of being friable. 1620 Venner Via Recta iv. 73 Codfish for .. friability of substance is commended. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. iv. vi. (1:695)337 Its Malleableness too .. would be changed into a perfect Friability. 1792 A. Young Trav. France 280 In some states the particles .. recede and melt with friability. 1858 Geikie Hist. Boulder viii. 153 From their friability they are most easily decomposed. Friable (frai-ab’l), a. Also 7-8 fryable. [a. Y. friable, ad. L. fridbilis, f. friarc to crumble into small pieces.] Capable of being easily crumbled or reduced to powder ; pulverizable, crumbly. 1563 T. Gale Treat. Gonneshot 2 The spume of Nitre is Judged best, which is most lyghte, fryable. 1614 Raleigh Hist . World Pref. 17 Stone Walls, of matter moldring and friable, have stood two or three thousand years. 1684-5 Boyle Min. Waters 48 Lightly calcin’d .. till it became .. friable between the Fingers. 1793 G. White Selborne iv. (1853) 21 Balls of a friable substance like rust of iron called rust balls. 1845 G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. I. 288 The clot is soft, friable..and is very rarely covered with a huffy coat. 1870 Emerson Soc. < 5 * Solit., Farming Wks. (Bohn) III. 61 These tiles..drain the land, make it sweet and friable. Hence Tri/ableness. 1667 Boyle Orig. Formes <5- Qual. (ed. 2) 317 In Vitriol the friableness, .need not be attributed to the compositum as such. 1852 Johnston in Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XIII. 1. 21 The natural fertility and friableness of its soils. t Frian, freyne. Cookery. Obs. c 1500 For to sexi'e a Lord in Babees Bk. 376 Chese, freynes, brede hote, with a cake. 1597 &k. Cookcrie F, How to make Frians. + Frrand, a. (sb.) Obs. [a. F. friand dainty; according to Hatz.-Darm. an alteration of friant, pa. pple. of frire, the primary sense being ‘ qui grille (d’impatience) ’.] A. adj. Dainty; delicious to the palate; fond of delicate food. B. sb. A person of dainty taste in food, an epicure. 1598 Florio, Lecca7'do , a glutton, a friand, a gurmand. 1599 A. Hume Hymns (1832) n The little friand fish in flude, and dentie volatil. 1603 Florio Montaigne iii. xiii. (1632) 622, I am very friand and gluttonous of fish. 1792 Bentham Wks. (1838-43) X. 276 The good family wanted something friand for a side dish. 1818 T. Moore Fudge Family 22 The land of Cocaigne, That Elysium of all that is friand and nice. t Friandise. Obs. [a. Y.friandise, f. friand dainty.] 1 . Something dainty to the taste, a delicacy. 1483 Caxton G. de In Tour B vij, She.. gaf to them flesshe and other fryandyses delycyous. 2 . Daintiness, fondness for delicate fare. 1603 Florio Montaigne hi. xiii. (1632) 620 Whosoever re- mooveth from a child a certaine .. obstinate affection .. to bakon, or to garlike, taketh friandize from him. 1604 E. G. D'Acosta s Hist. Indies iv. xvi. 255 They have invented .. (for friandise and pleasure) a certaine kinde of paste. Friar (frai^i, frai'oj), sb. Forms: 3-6, 9 arch. frere, 3-5 frer, 5-6 freer(e, 6 Sc. freir, (freyr), 6 freare, frea5our, frir, 6-7 fryer, 6-8 frier, fryar, 9 Sc. dial, freer, freir, 5, 7- friar. [ME. frere, a. OF. frere (mod.F. frire ), earlier fredre Lat. frdtrem , Brother. In Fr. and Pr. the words for brother and friar are the same; in the other Rom. langs. they are different. It. frate (as a prefixed title fra) is ad. L .frater \ S'p.fraile (as prefix fray), earlier fraire, is ad. Pr. fraire , regularly repr. L .frdtrem'. Pg. has frei from the Sp. fray. For the change of frere into friar, cf. quire (= choir) from quere, briar from brere, entire from entere.] + 1 . = Brother, in fig. applications; esp . in OFr. phrase beu frere 1 fair brother \ Obs. c 1290 Beket 1348 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 145 ‘ Certes, beu frere ’ quat }?e pope : * I-nelle nou3t take on so ’. c 1290 St. Brendan 121 Ibid. 223 ‘ Beau freres’ qua)? seint brendan : c 3e neJ?ore noting drede *. C1330 Amis $ A mil. 17 How yong the[y] become frere, In courte whereas thei were. c 1530 Hickscorner E ij, What Frewyll myne owne frere Arte thou out of thy minde. 1821 Joanna Baillie Met. Leg., Lcuiy G. B. xix, Her jealous Frere, oft on her gazing. 2 . In the Roman Gath. Ch .: A brother or mem¬ ber of one of certain religious orders founded in the 13th c. and afterwards, of which the chief were the four mendicant orders: the Franciscans (f Friars minors , Minorites , or Grey Friars ); the Augustines (Austin Friars ); the Dominicans (Friars Preach¬ ers, Black Friars) ; and the Carmelites (+ Frirs carims = F.frlres carmes ; White Friars ). c 1290 Beket 1170 in vS*. Eng. Leg.l. 140 Forth rod j?is holi man As J?ei it were a frere and let him cleopie frere cristian. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 10105 & J?er .. pe ordre bigan of frere prechors. a 1310 in Wright’s Lyric P. no He lenej? on is forke ase a grey frere. c 1325 Poem Times Edw. //, 163 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 331 Freres of the Carme, and of Seint Austin, c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xxxL 139 Twa frere meneours of Lombardy, c 1400 Rom. Rose 7462 Sakked Freres. c 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 91 Geder up, lo, lo, Ye hungre begers frerys. c 1500 God speed the Plough 55 Then commeth the blak freres. ^ a 1502 in Arnolde Chron. (1811) p. xxi, This yere .. frirs carims began first.. A°. Dni. M.ij.C.xx. 1526 Pilgr. Pe?f. (W. de W. 1531) 140 Though the frere minor gyue great example of holynes. 1529 More Dyaloge iii. Wks. 223/2 Frere Hierom geuing vp his order of the frere obseruantes came to hym. 1537 in Brand Hist. Newcastle (1789) I. 130 note, Prior of the Freagours Preach- ours of Newcastell. a 1596 in Shaks. Tam. Shr. iv. i. 148 It was the Friar of Orders gray As he forth walked on his FRIAR. 543 FRIBBLE. way. 1628 Coke On Lilt. 132 The Order of Friers Minors and Preachers. 1647 Trapp Comm . 1 Tim. iv. 2 It was grown to a common Proverb, A Frier, a Her. 1673 ^ AY Journ, Low C., Spain 492 A great Convent of Dominican Freres. 1691 Wood Ath. Oxon . I. 19 Johan, de Coloribus .. by Profession a Black Frier, was a Reader of Divinity. 1703 Maundrell Journ. Jems. (1732) 7 Some Itinerant Fryars. 1797 Mrs. Radclifff. Italian vi, These friars had left the convent. 1812 Byron C/i. Har. 1. xxix, Lordlings and freres—ill-sorted fry I ween ! 1816 Scott Antiq. xxvii, * He might be a capechin freer for fat I kend.’ 1874 Green Short Hist. iii. § 6. 145 To the towns especially the coming of the Friars was a religious revolution. b. Sometimes loosely applied to members of the monastic or of the military orders. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 197 pe freres of J?e hospital, & pe temple also. 1653 Urquiiart Rabelais 11. vii. (1884) 139 The brimborions of the caelestine friars. x8oi A. Rankf.n Hist. France I. 225 In ordinary occurrences of difficulty he [the Abbot] may consult with the older friars. c. pi. The quarters or convent of a particular order; hence often used as a proper name for the part of a town where their convent formerly existed. *375 Barbour Bruce il 33 He .. with Schyr Ihone the Cumyn met, In the freris, at the hye Awter. 1479 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 426 They shall here sermonde at the flrere menors. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. cxcvii. 173 The barons token counceyll bytwene hem at Frere prechonrs at pount- fret. 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. xiv. vii, He wes in J?e freiris of Dunfreis. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. vi. i. 270 A lace .. still retaining the name of Black Fryers. 1822 cott Nigel xxv, You are about to leave the Friars? I will go with you. 1897 Oxf. Times 13 Feb. 5/8 Houses in the ..Friars have been invaded by the flood-water. 13. Some vessel, etc. made in the similitude of a friar. Obs. 1463 Bury Wills (Camden) 41 To Kateryne Druy my best gay cuppe of erthe kevvryd, or ellys oon of the frerys, to chese of bothe. t 4. Some kind of fly (see quot.). Obs. x66i Lovell Hist. Anim. <$• Min. 48 The long flye called a Frier, .which is counted poysonsome. 5. A name given to various fishes. 1603 Owen Pembrokesh. (1891) 123 The frier [named in a list of fish]. 1889 Century Diet ., Friar , a fish of the family Atherinidce. An Irish name of the angler, Lophius pisca- torius. 1892 Simmonds Diet. Trade Suppl., Friar ; a name for the silversides, a North American fish, Chirostoma notatum. 6 . An Australian bird of the genus Philemon. Now usually friar-bird. 1798 D. Collins Acc. Eng. Col. N. S. Wales 615 Vocab., Wirg-an, Bird named by us the Friar. 1848 J. Gould Birds Austral. IV. Descr. pi. 58 Tropidorhynchus Corni- culatus. .Friar Bird. 7. Print. (See quots.) 1683 Moxon Mech. Exerc. II. 377 Fryer , when the Balls do not Take, the Un-taking part of the Balls that touches the Form will be left White, or if the Press-men Skip over any part of the Form, and touch it not with the Balls, though they do Take, yet in both these cases the White place is cal’d a Fryer. 1824 J. Johnson Typogr. II. 524 That corner untouched by the ball [of printer’s ink] .. is tech¬ nically termed a friar. 1871 Amer. Encycl. Print, (ed. Ringwalt), Friars , light patches caused by imperfect inking of the form. 8 . White friars : ‘a small flake of light-coloured sediment floating in wine <11745 Swift Direct. Serv. i. Wks. 1824 XI. 396 If the cork be musty or white friars in your liquor. 9. attrib. and Comb. a. attributive (of or per¬ taining to the friars), as friar-house, -kirk, -lands; appositive, as friar-beggar (and see under sense 2 V 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxxvii. 262 The iiij ordres of the *frere beggers. 1525 Fitzherb. Hush. 58 b, Chyrches, abbeys, *frere houses. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 488 He .. Syne bureit was .. In the *freir kirk at the hie altar end. 1681 in Southey Comm.-pl. Bk. IV. 379 They likewise renounce all chapels, .monk-land, *frier-lands..and dice. b. Special comb. : friar’s balsam, tincture of benzoin compound used as an application for ulcers and wounds; friar-bird: see sense 6; friar’s cap(s, the Monkshood, Aconitum Napel- lus ; friar’s chicken, * chicken-broth with eggs dropped in it ’ (Jam.); friar’s cowl, the Cuckoo- pint or Wake Robin, Arum maculatum ; friar’s crown, Carduus eriophorus ; f friar-fly, an idler; friar’s goose, Eryngium campestre ; friar’s-grey, grey worn by the Franciscans; friar’s-hood = friar's cowl ; friar(’s knots, in goldsmith’s work, knots made in imitation of the knotted cords of the Franciscans; friar’s lantern = Ignisfaluus; friar- skate, the Raia alba ; friar’s thistle = friar's crown. 1844 Hoblyn Diet. Med., * Friars' balsam. 1830 Wither¬ ing's Brit. Plants (ed. 7) (Brit. & H.), * Friars caps. 1861 Miss Pratt Flcrwer. PI. I. 46 Monk’s-hood, Aconitum Napellus. .Had the old names of Helmet-flower and Friar's- cap. 1782 Sir J. Sinclair Observ. Sc. Dial. 150 Fried chickens , (properly) *Friars chickens. A dish invented by that luxurious body of men. 1815 [see Crappit-head]. x 597 Gerarde Herbal 11. ccxci. 686 Of*Friers Coule, or hooded Cuckowpint. 1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. 90 Wake Robin or Cuckow Pintle .. is of some called Friers Coule, because of the hooding of the Pestle, when it is springing forth. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 11. cccclxii. 990 The downe Thistle .. is thought of diuers to be that .. re¬ port [ed] to be called Corona fratrurn or *Friers Crowne. 1577 Northbrooke Dicing ( 1579) 11 b, Idlers & wanderers were wont to be called Triers flees [the Lat. above is fratres muscas ] that do no good. 1861 Mrs. Lankester Wild Flmvers 62 Another British species, Eryngium Campestre , called by John Ray *Friar’s Goose. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. iv. xiii. § 6 As one family is not abridged of liberty to be clothed in *friars'-grey for that another doth wear clay-colour, so neither are all churches bound to the self-same indifferent ceremonies which it liketh sundry to use. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 11. ccxci. 686 *Friers hood is of two sorts, the one broad leafed, the other narrow leafed. X488 in Ld. Treas. Acc. Scotl. (1877) I. 83 A chen^e of gold maid in fassone of *frere knottis. 1529 M. Parr in Wills Doct. Comm. (Camden) 18, xviij. diamontes sett with fryers knottes. 1632 Milton L'Allegro 104 And he, by * Friar's Lantern led, Tells how [etc.]. 1810 Neill List Fishes 28 (Jam.) Sharp-nosed Ray. .*Friar-skate. t Friar, v. Obs. [f. prec. sb.] 1. inlr. To act as a friar, play the friar. a 1535 More Haw Serjeant 'would be Frere 156 in Hazl. E. P. P. III. 125 His heart for pride lept in his side, to see hovve well he freered. c 1645 Howell Lett. (1892) II. 571 A rich Boor’s Son, whom his Father had sent abroad a Fryaring, that is, shroving in our Language. 2. trans. To make (a person) a friar. 1599 Sandys Europce Spec. (1632) 232 There remaines nothing for a lew converted, but to bee Friered. t Fri*arage. Obs. In 6 frerage. [f. Friar sb. + -age.] The system of the orders of friars. 1555 Ridley Farew. Let. in Cert. Godly Lett. Saints (1564) 100b, Her false counterfayte religion in her monkery and frerage, and her traditions, whereby [etc.]. Fri/arhoocl. [f. Friar sb. + -hood.] = Fra¬ ternity. 1726 Ayliffe Parergon 259 By the Canon-Law..Abbots .. may excommunicate their Monks for Disobedience, .and if they become incorrigible thereby, they may be expell’d and turn’d out of the Society of the Fryar-hood. t Fri'arish, a. Obs. [f. as prec. + -ish.] Of or pertaining to friars, friar-like. 1581 Hanmer Answ. Jesuit's Challenge To Rdr. 2 In weede monkish, frierish, priestly and Pharisaicall. Ibid. 25 b, This is right Frierish, Limitor like. Fri’ar-like, a. Like a friar; of or pertaining to friars. 1600 O. E. Repl. to Libel 1. viii. 189 All honest men detest this frierlike fashion. 1603 Knollf.s Hist. Turks (R.), Their friar like general would the next day make one holy- day in the Christian calendars in remembrance of 30,000 Hungarian martyrs slain of the Turks. X646 P. Bulkeley Gospel Coi>t. 1. 24 The idle toyes, and frier-like conceits about Purgatory drawn from hence, I passe by. t Fri'arling. Obs. rare- 1 , [f. as prec. + -ling.] A young friar, a disciple in friarhood. *563-87 Foxe A. <$• M. (1596) 381, I .. will that all my frierhngs shall labor, and hue of their labor. Friarly (froi-aili), a. ( adv .) Now rare. [f. as prec. + -ly 1 and 2 .] A. adj. Of or pertaining to friars; resembling a friar; friar-like. 1549 Latimer 5 th Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 151 Thys is a fryerly fashion that wyll receyue no monye in theyr handes but wyll haue it put vpon theyr sleues. 1583 Gold¬ ing Calvin on Deut. lxxxiv. 518 These frierly flatterers. 1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answ. Nameless Cath. 247 In his Friarly garments (habits of peace and pietie). a 1661 Fuller Worthies in. (1662) 125 He never set his name to his Books, but it may (according to the Frierly-Fancy) be collected out of the Capital Letters of his severall works. 1817 T. L. Peacock Melincourt II. 33 In life three ghostly friars were we And now three friarly ghosts we be. 1885 G. Meredith Diana Crossways II. vii. 159 We will ..send you back sobered and friarly to Caen. B. adv. In friarly fashion, after the manner of the friars. a 1631 Donne Lett, to Sir R. H. (Alford) VI. 337, I never fettered nor imprisoned the word Religion, not straightening it Friarly, ad religiones factitias. + Friar Rush. The proper name (Ger. Rattsch) of the hero of a popular story, which tells of the adventures of a demon disguised as a friar. Hence used as the name of a Christmas game. 1603 Declar. Popish Impost. 33 Fitting complements for .. coale vnder candlesticks : Frier Rush : and wo-penny hoe. If Confused by Scott (?after Milton L'Allegro 104 ) with Ignis fatuns. 1808 Scott Alarm, iv. i, Better we had .. Been lanthorn- led by Friar Rush. Fri’arship. nonce-wd. [f. Friar sb. + -ship.] A mock title applied to a friar or monk. 1708 Motteux Rabelais iv. lxvi. (1737) 272 As if every one was a Monk, like his Fryarship. Friary (frai-ori). sb. [f. Friar sb. + -y 2 ; see the earlier Frary.] 1. A convent of friars. 1538 Latimer Let. to Cromwell 6 Oct., Rem. (Parker Soc.) 403 If the kings grace, .would vouchsafe to bestow the two friaries, Black and Grey, with their appurtenance, upon this his poor, ancient city, a 1659 Cleveland Wks. (1687) 217 Not a poor loop-hole, Error could sneak by, No not the Abbess to the Friery. 1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. I. 156 Near Guildford is the Friery. 1824 Miss Mitford Village Ser. 1. (1863) 122 The remains of an old friary. 1884 Catholic Times 10 Oct. 4/8 The foundation-stone of the new Friary.. the first of the kind established since the Reforma¬ tion. 2. A fraternity or brotherhood of friars. 1631 Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 423 A Friery or Brother¬ hood founded by Raph Hosiar. 1697 Lond. Gaz. No. 3312/3 A Bill for Suppressing Fryeries was presented this day to the House of Lords. 1762 tr. Buschingjs Syst. Geog. II. 216 He proposed also to found a convent, to be dedicated to the poorest friary in the Kingdom. + 3. The institution or practices of friars. Obs . *655 Fuller Ch. Hist.w. 272 When John Milverton .. began (in favour of Friery) furiously to engage against Bishops and the Secular Clergy, a 1661 — Worthies iv. (1662) 9 A Secular Priest, betwixt whose Profession and Fryery, there was an ancient Antipathy. 4. attrib. (of or pertaining to a friary or friaries), as friary-cart , - chapel , - church. 1598 Stow Sun>. 357 This was called the fiery cart .. and had the priueledge of sanctuary. X774 Wakton Hist. Eng. Poet. 1 . ix. 293 It was fashionable for persons of the highest rank to bequeath their bodies to be buried in the friary churches. 1872 Daily News 22 May, The Friary Chapel, where the ceremony was to be held. + Frrary, a. Obs. [f. Friar sb. + -y b] Of or pertaining to the friars. 1589 CoorER Admon. 224 Hypocrites., which will haue these preceptes perpetuall, and builde thereon frierie and monkish superstition. 1605 Camden Rem. (1636) 165 Francis Cornefield. .invented to signifie his name, Saint Francis with his Friery kowle in a cornefield. t Friation. Obs. [as if ad. L. *friatidn-em , 11 . of action i.fridre to rub into small pieces.] The action of rubbing or crumbling into small pieces. 1656 Blount Glossogr., Eric a tion or Friation, a rubbing or fretting together. 1657 R. Turner Paracels. Chym. Transmut. 43 The first beginning of its Resolution is not Friation. 1743 Lond. <$* Country Brew. 11. (ed. 2) 139 By such Friation they are put into a Condition of imparting their Essence more freely to the Wort. Fribble (fri‘b’1), sb. and a. [f. next vb.] A. sb. 1. A trifling, frivolous fellow, one not occupied in serious employment, a trifler. 1664 J. Wilson Cheats 1. iii, A Company of Fribbles, enough to discredit any honest House in the World. 1771 J. Giles Poems 161 A nymph who can for me forego The fop, the fribble, and the beau. 1865 Merivale Rom. Emp. VIII. lxiv. 128 The criminals they lash were at least no milksops in crime, no fribbles in vice. 1881 Besant & Rice Chapl. Elect 11. iii,Yonder little fribble, .is a haberdasher from town, who pretends to be a Templar. 2. A trifling thing; also, a frivolous notion, idea, or characteristic. 1832 W. Stephenson Gateshead Poems 24 To supply his horse’s rack He deem’d it but a fribble. 1874 Blackie Self Cult. 83 The fribbles, oddities, and monstrosities of humanity. 3. Frivolity, nonsense. 1881 E. Mulford Republic of God ii. 31 note , This life, that is not that of fribble or of crime, is not ephemeral. 4. Comb., as fribble-like adj.; fribble-frabble, nonsense. 1822 T. Mitchell Aristoph. II. 239 He with legs planted wide in this fashion, Fribble-like, swings his frame. 1859 Sala Tw. round Clock (1861) 77 The innumerable whim- whams and fribble-frabble of fashion. B. adj. Trifling, frivolous, ridiculous. X798 Brit. Critic Jan. 96 The superficial, trivial and frigid manner in which that fribble minister {Ministre de Boudoir) treated this important branch of administration. 1839 Thackeray Crit. Rev. Wks. 1886 XXIII. 128 An illustration of some wretched story in some wretched fribble Annual. 1840 — Catherine i, Lovely woman !. .what lies and fribble nonsense canst thou make us listen to. Hence Fri-bbledom, the spirit or behaviour of a fribble; Fri bbleism, the quality characteristic of a fribble, frivolity. 1758 Phanor in Goldsmith's Wks. (ed. Gibbs) IV. 429 He [Shakespear] disdained the fribleism of the French, in adopting the blemishes with equal passion as the beauties of the ancients. 1844 Blackiu. Flag. LV. 557 Such as the Quarterly informed us last year, in a fit of fribbledom, were worthy the neat little crowquills of lady-authors. Fribble (fri'b’l), v . [onomatopoeic; prob. in¬ fluenced in sense by association with Frivol.] + 1. a. trans. To falter, stammer (put); also intr. with through, b. intr. To falter, totter in walking. Obs. a 1627 Middleton Alayor of Queenborough v. i, They speak but what they list of it, and fribble out the rest. 1640 Brome Antipodes 11. Wks. 1873 III. 257 If he [the actor] can frible through, and move delight In others, I [the author] am pleas’d, a 1652 — Mad Couple 11. ibid. I. 26 You haue often muttered and fribled some intentions towards me. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 49 ? 8 The poor Creature fribles in his gate. 1848 Craig, Fribble .. to totter like a weak person. 2. intr. In early use, to act aimlessly or feebly, to busy oneself to no purpose; to ‘fiddle’. Now (exc. dial.) only in strongly contemptuous sense: To behave frivolously, trifle. 1640 Brome Sparagus Garden 11. ii, As true as I live he fribles with mee sir Hugh. 1664 Butler Hud. 11. iii. 36 Though Cheats yet more intelligible Than those that with the Stars do fribble. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (18x1) VI. lxxviii.378 He fribbled with his waistcoat buttons, as if he had been telling his beads. 1855 Thackeray Newcomes II. 27 Not as j t ou treat these fools that are fribbling round about you. 1892 I. Zangwill Bow Myst. 60 Who’s fribbling now, you or me, Cantercot ? 1895 E. Anglian Gloss., Fribble , to fuss about. b. trans. To fribble away: to throw away or part with lightly, fool away. To fribble out (nonce- use) ; to portray with purposeless minuteness. 1633 Shirley Witty Fair One iv. ii, Here is twenty pieces; you shall fribble them away at the Exchange presently. a 1834 Lamb Final Mem. viii. To B. Barton, Rembrandt has painted only Belshazzar, and a courtier or two. .not fribbled out a mob of fine folks. 1879 McCarthy Own Times I. x. 205 While Lord Melbourne and his Whig colleagues, .were FRIBBLISH. FRICTION. fribbling away their popularity. 1887 Fenn Master oj Ceremonies xii, Don’t fribble away the season. 3 . To frizz or frizzle (a wig). Sc. 1756 [see Fribbled///, a.]. 1822 Galt Steamboat xii. 297 The minister had a blockhead whereon he was wont to dress and fribble his wig. Hence Fri'bbled ppl. a Fri bbling’ vbl. sb. and ppl. a. ' Also Fri bbler, a trifler; Fri bblery, frivolity. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 474 The gingling Eare, or Fancy .. may have Patterns exceeding ordinary Imitation, or Friblings of Wit. 1656 R. Fletcher Martiall iii. 63 He then that’s pretty’s but a fribbling fool, a 1680 Eari. of Rochester Poems (1702) 129 And fribling for free speaking does mistake. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), A Fribbling Question. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 288 ?2 A Fribbler is one who professes Rapture and Admiration for the Woman to whom he addresses, and dreads nothing so much as her Con¬ sent. 1756 Toldervy Two Orphans III. 106 It was a severe punishment to the fribbled jessamy waiter. 1873 H. Kingsley Oakshott xii. 278 He had been writing fribbling poetry. 1889 1 ’. Wright Chalice of Carden xxxiii. 227 Why this waste of time, this wronging of self, this reduction to a condition of fribblery? Fribblish (fri-blij), a. [f. Fribble sb. + -ish.] Characteristic of or suited to a fribble; frivolous, trifling. 1768 Mrs. Delany Lett. Ser. 11. I. 176 His library is indeed as fribblish as himself, c 1770 T. Erskine Barber in Poet. Reg . (1810) 329 No longer England owns your fribblish laws. 1803 S. Pegge A need. Eng. Lang. 153 You may perhaps be puzzled..to discover how, instead of our received preterite fought he should obtain such a maidenly and fribblish substitute as fit. 1830 J. Wilson in Blackw. Mag. XXVIII. 848, I love to be candid, fribbleish and feeble. Friborgh, -burgh: see Frithborh, Hist. + Fricace, sb. Obs. Forms : 6 fricasie, -ye, 6- 7 fricacie, 7 fricace. [ad. L. friedtio Frica¬ tion; for the form cf. conspiracy .] = Frication, Friction i. 1533 Elyot Cast. Helthe (1541) 47 a, Of fricasies or rubbynges precedinge exercise. 1605 B. Jonson Volpone 11. ii, Applying only a warme napkin to the place, after the vnetion, and fricace. a 1643 W. Cartwright Lozie's Convert 11. ii. Some Grooms o’ the Teeth, and others of the hair; Mistres o' th’ Fricace, one, one of the Powders. t Pri’cace, V. Obs. In 6-7 fric(c)ase. trails. To rub ; to subject to friction. Hence Frrcacing vbl. sb. 1579 J* Jones Preserv. Bodie $ Soule 1. xxiii. 44 Fricasing the bodie first emptied of the common excrements. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts (1658) 143 First rub and friccase the wart violently, and afterward anoint it with Salt. Ibid. 504 [The powder] rubbed upon the teeth, although they be loose . .yet, Pliny saith, they will be recovered by that fricassing. Fricandeau (frikrcnd^v). pi. fricandeaux. Also 8 frieando(e. [a. F. fricandeau.'] A slice of veal or other meat fried or stewed and served with sauce ; a collop; a fricassee of veal. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Fricandoe , a sort of Scotch Collops made of thin slices of Veal, well larded and stuff’d. 1725 Bradley Fam. Diet. s. v., To make farced Fricandoes or Scotch Collops. 1769 Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 115 A Fricando of Beef. 1812 Combe Picturesgue xxvi, ‘ That dish ’, he cried, ‘ I’d rather see, Than frican¬ deau or fricassee ’. 1829 Lytton Devereux iv. vii, I think her very like a fricandeau—white, soft, and insipid. 1884 Girls' Own Paper June 491/1 For birds, hares and frican¬ deaux the bacon should be two inches long. Hence Fricandeau* v. trails to make into fri¬ candeaux. 1769 Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 132 To fricando Pigeons. Pricandel, -elle (friksende'l). Also frica- delle. [quasi-Fr. form of prec.] (See quot. 1892.) 1872 Warne s Every-day Cookery Ragout, Fricandelles, Sweetbreads. 1892 Garrett Encycl. Cookery , Fricadelles , These are also erroneously called Fricadilloes and Frica- telles. They are hashed meat made into balls and fried. Fricassee (frikasr), sb. Forms : 6-7 fricase, fricacy, -ie, 6-8 fricasy, (7 frycase, fricace, fregacy), 7 fricassie, (frigasie), (8 fricasey, frigacy, frigusee), 7-9 fricassd, 7-9 fricasee, 7- fricassee, [a. F . fricassee y f. fricasser to mince and cook in sauce ; of unknown origin.] 1 . Meat sliced and fried or stewed and served with sauce. Now usually a ragout of small animals or birds cut in pieces. 1568 North tr. Gueuara's Diall Pr. (1619) 624 That hee coulde make seuen manner of fricasies. 1597 2 nd Pt. Gd. Hus-wiues Jewell Bij, For fricasies of a lambes head and purtenance. 1656 Perfect Eng. Cooke 3 To make a Fregacy of Lamb or Veal. 1678 J. Phillips Tavernier* s Trav ., Persia 111. i. 101 Little Birds, .of which we caught enow to make a lusty Fricassie. 1772-84 Cook Voy. (1790) I. 263 A duck, which was hot at dinner, was brought cold in the evening, the next day served up as a fricassee. 1858 Haw¬ thorne Fr. iff It. Jrnls. (1872) I. 25 A fowl, in some sort of delicate fricasee. fig. a 1657 Lovelace Lucasta (1659) 80 Hotter than all the rosted Cooks you sat To dresse the fricace of your Alphabet. 1861 Thornbury Turner I. 300 His confused and unequal picture of the ‘Field of Waterloo’., a perfect fricassee of ill-drawn lumps of figures. t 2 . (See quot. 1611.) Obs. rare — l . c 1575 Life Ld. Grey (Camden) 30 It was resolved..to make a fricoisie within the bullckwarck, and prezently too withdrawe all from thence..and then too have blowen it up whoale. [1611 Cotgr., Fricassee. .a kind of charge for a Morter, or murdering peece, of stones, bullets, nailes, and 544 peeces of old yron closed together with grease, and gun¬ powder.] f 3 . A kind of dance : see quot. Obs. rare ~ 1 . 1775 Mrs. Harris in Priv. Lett. Ld. Malmesbury (1870) I. 294 A new dance at the Festino, called the Fricasee .. begins with an affront, then they fight and fire pistols, then they are reconciled, embrace, and so ends the dance. Fricassee (frikasr), v. [f. prec. sb. Cf. F. fncasser.] trails. To make a fricassee of; to dress as a fricassee. Also transf. 1657 R. Ligon Barbadoes (1673) 10The Sun. .did so scald us without, as we were in a fitter condition to be fricased for the Padres dinner, than to eat any dinner our selves. 1671 Eachard Observ. Answ. Cont. Clergy (1696) 63 Common sense and truth will not down with them unless they be hash’d and fricassed. 1724 Compl. Fam. Piece 1. ii. 127 You may fricasy it, or fry it as you do Veal. 1788 Ln. Auckland Diary Corr. 1861 II. 76 They are all fried and fricasseed by the sun at Madrid. 1817 Keats Lett. Wks. 1889 III. 72, I would have, .fricaseed. .her radishes, .ragouted her onions. 1859 T hacker ay Virgin, viii, We cannot afford to be both scalped by Indians or fricasseed by French. 1874 Cooke Fungi 98 Sparassis crispa.. In Austria it is fricasseed with butter and herbs. fig. 1719 D’Urfey Pills II. 2 He Trills, and Gapes, and Struts, And Fricassee’s the Notes. Hence Fricassee'd///. a ., lit. and fig. 1672 R. Wild Declar. Lib. Consc. 9 All manner of Rost, boyl’d. .friggassi’d, carbonado’d sinners of both sexes. 1768 Sterne Sent. Joumi. (1775) I. 4 By three I had got sat down to my dinner upon a fricassee’d chicken. 1859 Jephson Britta?iy v. 54 A breakfast of. .fricasseed chicken [etc.]. Fricasseer (friksesrai). [f. prec. + -eu 1 . Cf. F . fricasseur.] One who makes fricassees. 1791-1823 D’Israeli Cur. Lit. (1866) 268/1 Call we this plodding fricasseer a Cook? t Fricate, V. Obs. rare — 1 , [f. L. fricat- ppl. stem of fried-rd to rub.] trans. To rub (one body on another). 1716 Newton Let. to Law 15 Dec. in Nature (1881) 12 May, A piece of Amber or resin fricated on Silke clothe. t Frica’tion. Obs. Also 6 fricacion. [ad. L . frication-cm, n. of action f. fricare to rub.] 1 . The action or process of chafing or rubbing (the body) with the hands. Cf. Fricace and Fric¬ tion 1. 1533 Elyot Cast. Helthe (1541) 75 b, Then increase frica- cions and exercise by litel & litel. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 58 Gentle Frication draweth forth the Nourishment, by making the Parts a little Hungry. 1661 K. W. Conf. Charac ., De¬ tracting Empiric (i860) 65 This quackroyall is .. never so happy as when he’s, .telling them, .how many humours he hath asswaged by frication. 1694 R. Burthogge Reason 85 By. .a strong Frication of the eye from without. 2 . The action of rubbing the surface of one body against that of another; friction. 1631 Jordan Nat. Bathes v. (1669) 29 Some woods that are unctuous, .which yield fire by frication. 1664 Power Exp. Philos, iii. 156 A well polished Stick of hard Wax (imme¬ diately after frication) will..move the Directory Needle. 1725 Bradley Fam. Diet. s.v. Shrouding , They [trees] need j no fence..as standing in no Danger of the Brousings and Frications of Cattle or Conies. Fricative (fri’kativ), a. and sb. [ad. mod.L. fricativ-us, f. L. fricare to rub; see -ative.] A. adj. 1 . Of a consonant-sound : Produced by the fric¬ tion of the breath through a narrow opening between two of the mouth-organs. i860 Marsh Eng. Laug. 489 The l ..showing no tendency to the more explosive articulation of some of the German dialects, or the more fricative of the Spanish. 1875 Whitney Life Lang. iv. 61 A sound of very different character, a fricative consonant. 1883 [see Faucal sb. j. 2 . ‘Sounded by friction, as certain musical in¬ struments ’ {Cent. Diet.). B. sb. A fricative consonant. 1863 Lepsius Standard A Iphabet 68, H belongs, therefore, to the unvocalised strong fricatives. Fricatory (fri’katari), a. nonce-sud. [f. L. type *fricdtdri-us , f. friedtor one who rubs; see -ory.] fig. That rubs or * rubs down ’. 1819 Moore Diary 6-7 Apr., One of those fricatory letters with which we asses of literature rub each other. Fricatrice (fri’katris). [ad. L. *fricatric-em, fem. agent-n. i. fricare to rub.] A lewd woman. 1605 B. Jonson Volpone iv. ii, [A patron] To a lewd harlot, a base fricatrice. 1708 Motteux Rabelais v. v. 165 Ingles, Fricatrices, He-Whores. 1871 R. Ellis Catullus xeix. 10 Like slaver abhorr’d breath’d from a foul fricatrice. Fricht, Sc. form of Fright v. t Frickle. Obs.-° 1681 Blount Glossogr. t Frickle , a Basket (for fruit) that holds about a bushel. Fricollis: see Frijoles. Frictile (frrktil), a. Obs. rare — 1 . [f. L. type *frictilis , f. fricare (pa. pple. frict-us') : see -ile.] Obtained by friction. 1883 J- S. Stallybrass tr. Grimm's Teut. Mythol. II. 610 There is water boiled on the frictile fire. Friction (fri-kjan), sb. [a. F. friction , ad. L. friction-em , n. of action from fricare to rub.] 1 . The action of chafing or rubbing (the body or limbs). (Formerly much used in medical treat¬ ment.) Cf. Frication. 1581 Mulcaster Positions xxxiv. (1887) 122 Gouerningthe body after exercise, and his frictions to rubbe it and chafe it. 1629 Massinger Picture iv. ii, If he but hear a coach.. The friction with fumigation, cannot save him From the chine-evil. 1704 F. Fuller Med. Gymn. (1711) 35 The Solids.. must be treated.. by Frictions, Exercise of the Body ..and the like. 1800 Med. Jrnl. IV. 369 Observations on the Effects of Acetic Ether applied by Friction in Rheumatic Complaints. 1843 Carlyle Past Pr. 1. vi, Hoping to have got off by. .a little blistery friction on the back ! 1875 Hamerton Intell. Life x. v. 388 A cold bath, with friction and a little exercise. 2 . The rubbing of one body against another; attrition. 1704 Newton Optics iii. i. (1721) 314 Whether that agitation be made by Heat, or by Friction, or Percussion, or Putre¬ faction, or by any vital Motion. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 481 The rocks below..are worn many feet deep by the constant friction of the water, a 1800 Cowper Mischievous Bull iii, The sheep here smooths the knotted thorn With frictions of her fleece. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. xviii. (1852) 409 A light was procured by rubbing a blunt-pointed stick in a groove made in another, .until by friction the dust was ignited. 3 . Physics and Mecli. The resistance which any body meets with in moving over another body. Angle of friction, the maximum slope at which one body will rest upon another without sliding down. Centre of friction \ see Centre 16. Coefficient of friction , the ratio between the force necessary to move one surface horizontally j over another and the pressure between the two surfaces ; cf. Coefficient sb. 2 b. Friction at rest , the amount of fric¬ tion between two touching bodies that are relatively at rest. Friction of motion, ‘ the power required to keep a moving body in motion ’ {Lockwood). F'riction of repose , ‘ the power necessary to set a body moving from a state of quies¬ cence * {Lockwood). 1722 Cheselden Anat. vii. (ed. 2) 39 This Contrivance is always found necessary by Mechanics, where the Friction of the Joynts of any of their Machines is great. 1755 Johnson, Friction , the resistance in machines caused by the motion of I one body upon another. 1822 Imison Sc. Art I. 57 Polished 1 substances .. have less friction than rough ones. 1859 Rankine Steam Engine § 13 That excess, however, of the friction of rest over the friction of motion, is instantly destroyed by a slight vibration. 1868 E. J. Routh Rigid Dynamics no When one part of a body rests on another a force is called into play tending to prevent slipping. This force is called friction. 1875 Nystrom Elem. Mech. 88 Rolling friction is the resistance of uneven surfaces rolling on one another, like that of a wheel rolling on a road. 4 . fig .; esp. of the jarring or conflict of unlike opinions, temperaments, etc. 1761 Sterne Tr. Shandy III. iii, Souls, .by long friction and incumbition, have the happiness, .to get all be-virtu’d. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 531 When memory began to lay in her stores, their frictions among one another struck out the first sparkles of judgment and forecast. 1792 Mad. D’Arblay Let. to A. Young 18 June, You find by a little approximation and friction of tempers and things that they are mortal. 1834 H. Miller Scenes8f Leg. xvi. (1857) 239 The fears of the people, exposed to so continual a fric¬ tion, began to wear out. 1875 H. James R. Hudson (1879) I. 25 He felt the friction of existence more than was sus¬ pected. 1884 J. Hall Chr. Home 151 In this case friction between parent and child is out of the question. 5 . Comb., chiefly Mech., as friction-ball, one of the balls used to lessen the friction of bear¬ ings, etc.; friction-block, a block which is pressed against a revolving body to arrest its motion by friction; friction-brake, see quots.: also, a brake operating by means of friction ; friction-breccia Geol. =fault-rock (see Fault i i) ; friction-clutch, -cone, -coupling, -disc, contrivances for trans¬ mitting motion by frictional contact; friction-fire, fire obtained by means of a fire-drill; friction- fremitus Path. = friction-sound ; friction-fuse = friction-tube ; friction-gear, -gearing, gear or gearing for transmitting motion by frictional con¬ tact ; friction-machine (see quot. 1884); friction- match, a match that ignites by friction ; friction- powder (see quot.); friction-primer, the name used in the U.S. for friction-tube ; friction-roller, (a) a roller placed so as to lessen the friction of anything passing over it; ( b ) see quot. 1888 ; fric¬ tion-sound Path, (see quot.); friction-tight a., fitting so tightly that the desired amount of friction is obtained; friction-tube (see quots.); friction- wheel, {a) see friction-roller-, {b) see quot. 1888. 1842 Francis Diet. Arts, * Friction balls. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 915/2 * Friction-brake, a form of dynamo¬ meter invented by Prony, in which a pair of ‘friction-blocks are screwed to a journal rotating at a given speed. 1879 Thomson & Tait Nat. Phil. I. 1. § 436 White’s friction brake measures the amount of work actually performed in any time by an engine or other ‘ prime mover \ by allowing it during the time of trial to waste all its work oil friction. 1884 Knight Diet. Mech. IV. 357/1 Friction Brake ..2 A measurer of the lubricity of oils. 1842 Francis Diet. Arts, ‘ Friction-clutch. Ibid.,*Friction-cones. 1888 Lockwood’s Diet. Mech. Engin., *Friction Disc. 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Man. ix. 257 The flint and steel has superseded the ancient ‘friction-fire. 1877 Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) II. 7 The presence of any cardiac thrill or pericardial ‘fric¬ tion-fremitus. 1879 Khory Princ. Med. t,i Friction fremitus may be felt while the patient is taking deep breath, i860 Illustr. Lond. News 25 Feb. T91/2 The old plan of a touch- hole on the top is disused, and the ‘friction-fuse substituted. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 916/2 ‘ Friction-gear. 1888 Lockwood’s Diet. Mech. Engin., Friction Gearing. .gear¬ ing, whose driving force is produced by the friction only of the peripheries of the wheels. 1802 Med. Jrnl. VIII. 478 An isolated electric pile, or a ‘friction machine of Nairn, positive and negative, and also isolated. 1884 Knight Diet. Mech. IV. 357/2 Friction Machine, an electric FRICTION. 545 FRIEND. machine, generating electricity by contact with amalga¬ mated silk. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men , Montaigne Wks. (Bohn) I. 337 Thus, the men of the senses .. believe that mustard bites the tongue, that .. *friction-matches are in¬ cendiary. 1864 Webster, * Friction powder, a composition of chlorate of potash and antimony, which readily ignites by friction. 1874 Knight Diet. Meek. I. 916/2 * Friction - printer, a small brass tube filled with gunpowder, and having a smaller tube containing friction composition in¬ serted at right angles near the top. 1793 Wollaston in Phil. Trans. LXXXIII. 150 * Friction-rollers were applied to take off some of the weight. X875 R. F. Martin tr. Havrez Winding Mach. 91 The movement of this valve is produced by a cam with bosses, by means of a lever and a friction-roller. 1888 Lockiuootfs Diet . Mech. Engiti., Friction Rollers , or Friction Wheels, small rollers which revolve in bearings, and sustain an axle in the depression formed by the contiguity of the upper portion of their peri¬ pheries. i860 Fowler Med. Voc., * Friction sound, the auscultatory sound heard when the pleurae or pericardium are roughened by inflammation and effused lymph. 1864 Webster, * Friction tube, (Mil.), a tube used for firing cannon by means of friction. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word - bk., Friction-tube .. ignition is caused by the friction on sudden withdrawal of a small horizontal metal bar from the detonating priming in the head of the tube. 1772 Phil. Trans. LXXII. 476 Their axes, .rested on ^friction wheels of four inches diameter. 1826 J. Adamson RaiHoads 23 A large fixed pulley or friction-wheel. 1888 Lockwood s Diet . Mech. Engiti., Friction Wheel, any wheel which drives or is driven by friction. Friction (ftrkfan), v. [f. prec. sb.] a. intr. To move about witli friction ; to friction away, to go on rubbing, b. trans. To chafe or rub (the body or limbs). C. intr. To sustain friction (see quot. 1855). 1842 Mech. Mag. XXXVI. 61 Did not the earth perform its motions as regularly before the creation of man, as now it does with 800,000,000 of human beings on its surface in¬ cessantly frictioning about. 1855 Tail's Mag. XXII. 186 If it [an oil-painting] will ‘ friction ’ as the term is—that is, if he can raise, the varnish by rubbing with finger or thumb, he accounts himself happy ; and, laying it flat on his dining- table, he frictions away till his hands are tender and blis¬ tered. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. xxvii. 361, I reached the ice-floe, and was frictioned by Hans with frightful zeal. Frictionable (frrkjsnab’l), a. rare. [f. Fric¬ tion sb. + -able.] Liable to undergo friction. 1847 Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. VIII. 11. 338 An agricultural steam-engine being much exposed to the weather, and con¬ sequently the frictionable parts liable to corrosion. Frictional (fri-kjbnal), a. [f. Friction sb. + -al.] Of or pertaining to friction, moved or pro¬ duced by friction. Frictional electricity, electricity developed by friction (see Electricity i). Frictional escapement in Watch and Cl.- making, an escapement receiving and transmitting motion by friction. Frictional gearing (wheels), wheels which transmit motion by friction instead of by teeth. Frictional resistance, the resistance of surfaces due to friction ; esp. the resistance to slipping of riveted joints by the contraction of the rivets (Lockwood). 1850 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces (ed. 2) 23 The deflection of the magnetic needle .. when resulting from frictional electricity. 1870 Tyndall Led. Eledr. 17 By linking cells together we cause the voltaic current to approach more and more to the character of the frictional current. 1871 Proctor Sun iv. 211 The frictional impulses of circulating planetary matter in process of subsidence into.. the larger body. 1879 Thomson & Tait Nat. Phil. I. 1. § 275 No relative motion can take place without meeting with frictional or other forms of resistance. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch <5- Clockm. 107 The Cylinder, Verge, and Duplex are the best known examples of frictional escapements for watches. 1886 A. Winchell Walks <$• Talks Geol. Field 101 Daily motions adequate to develop a large amount of frictional heat. Hence Frictionally adv. } ‘ as regards friction ’ (Cassell 1882). Prictionary (fri-kjanari), a. nonce-zvd . [f. as prec. + -ary. ] = prec. 1839 Lady Lytton Cheveley (ed. 2) I. xii. 281 He con¬ siderably endangered Frump’s frictionary equilibrium, and nearly reduced her to a horizontal position. Frictionize (frrkjansiz), v. [f. Friction sb. + -IZE.] trails. To subject to friction; to rub. 1853 Kane Grinncll Exp. xxxiv. (1856) 301 By the aid of a hard towel—he goes over his entire skeleton, frictionizing. 1859 Sala Tw. round Clock (1861) 376 Their principal re¬ creation is to scrub, polish, tickle, and frictionise the brass and wood work of the fire-engines. Prictionless (fri'kjanles), a. ff. Friction sb. + -less.] Free from or without friction. 1848 in Craig. 1875 Croll Climate <$• T. viii. 136 Un¬ less water be frictionless, a thing which it is not. 1887 Ewing in Encycl. Brit. XXII. 597/2 The joints and bear¬ ings of all the levers are made frictionless. fig. 1848 Lowell Fable for Critics Poet. Wks.1890 III. 53 It gives you a cool brain, quite frictionless, quiet. 1884 Kendal Mercury 19 Dec. 5/2 The .. frictionless speed with which the Boundary Commission are proceeding. Hence Fri/ctionlessly adv., in a frictionless manner ; without friction. 1879 Thomson & Tait Nat. Phil. I. 1. § 319 A system in which any number of fly wheels, .are pivoted frictionlessly on any moveable part of the system. Friday (froi*d^, -di). Forms: 1 frfsedees, frfsdees, 3 frideei, 2-3 fridai, 3 south, vridei, vridawe, vryday, 3-7 fry day, 4-6 frydaye, (4 fredaye), 6 fridaie, 3- friday. [OE. frigedxg, 1 day of (the goddess) Frig *; a Com. WGer. trans¬ lation of the late L. dies Veneris, day of (the planet) Venus. Cf. OFris. frigendei (where however the Vol. IV. name of the goddess is of the weak declension), MDu. vridag (Du. vrijdag ), OIIG. friatag (MUG. vrttac , mod.Ger. freitag ); the ON . friadagr (Sw., ’D&.fredag) seems to be of Ger. origin. The OE. Frig str. fern, occurs only in this name and as a common noun in pi. = Lat. veneres ; it corresponds to ON. Frigg, name of the wife of Odin (not, as often said, to Freyja, though the latter goddess corresponds more nearly in charac¬ ter to Venus), and is the fern, of the OTeut. adj. *frijo-, originally ‘beloved, loving’: see Free. The more exact transl. of* Dies Veneris Freyjudagr, occurs Hist, in some Icel. writers.] 1 . The sixth day of the week. Black Friday (4) f Schoolslang {see quot. 1611); (b) applied to various historic dates of disastrous events which took place on Friday, as Dec. 6, 1745, when the landing of the Young Pretender was announced in London ; May ii, 1866, when a commercial panic ensued on the failure of Overend, Gurney, & Co. Golden Friday, the Friday in each of the Ember weeks, f The three Golden Fridays , humorously for Good Friday: see quot. 1532. Good Friday , the Friday before Easter-day, observed as a holy day to commemorate Christ’s crucifixion ; also t Long Friday (see quot. 1891). a xooo Laws Eth. v. § 17 Faestan aelce Frige-dae^. c 1050 Byrhtferth's Hanuboc in Anglia (1885) VIII. 302 Frijedaej, wodnesdae^, saetemes daejs. <21x23 O.E. Chron. an. 1106 On bon Fri^edaes. .aetywde an unxewunelic steorra. 1x54 O. E. Chron. an. IJ37 (Laud MS.), & on lang fridaei him on rode hengen fo;- ure Drihtines luue. c 1205 Lay. 13932 Freon heore laefdi heo 3iuen hire fridaei. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 229 per uore be Englysse clupede..after Frye, Fryday. [c X330 Ann. Lond. an. 1305 in Stubbs Chron. Edw. I <$• II (Rolls) I. 136 Die qui dicebatur bonus dies Veneris.] 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xix. 168 This by-fil on a Fryday, a litel by-fore Paske. C1400 Maundev. (1839) vii. 76 And on the Gode Fryday it [the Lampe] gothe out be him self, c 1485 Digby Myst. (1882) ill. 1513 On bo fryday, god mad man. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 303 b, The sixth chapiter sheweth a meditacyon for Fryday. 1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 651/2 The .iii. golden frydayes, that is to wit, the frydaye nexte after Palme sundaye, and the fry¬ daye next afore easter day, and good fryday. 1584 R. Scot Discov. Witcher. 11. viii. 24 Above all other times they [witches] confesse upon fridaies. 1611 Boys Exp. Epist. <5- Gosp. (1630) 203 Let me tell them of another schoole-tricke ; at the world's end there is a blacke-friday, a generall examination, a 1618 Raleigh Mahomet (1637) J 9 And because his [Mahomet’s] creation hapned upon a friday, that day was ordayned by him to be their Sabbaoth. 1850 Neale East. Ch. iv. i. I. 750 The Friday after Pentecost is called Golden Friday, and is a high Festival. 1868 Campion & Beaumont Prayer-bk. Interleaved (1876) 115 The term Good Friday is peculiar to the English Church. 1891 Ben- ham Did. Relig. 476 Among the Saxons it [the Friday in Holy Week] was called Long Friday—probably on account of the long fasts and offices used on this day. 2 . A reception or entertainment given on that day. 1836 C'tess Granville Lett. (1894) II. 209 Not a Genoese appeared there, or at my Friday. 1871 M. Collins Mrq. <$- Merch. I. ii. 73 Happy the man who was admitted to the Marchioness’s Fridays. 3 . attrib. and Comb., as Friday morning. Also *p Friday-face, a grave or gloomy expression of the countenance : whence + Friday-faced a ., sad-looking; Friday-fare, food for a fast-day; + Friday-feasfc, a fast-day meal, a fish dinner ; *j* Friday-look, a solemn look = Friday face. 1592 Greene Groatsw. Wit (1617) Civb, The Foxe made a *Fridayface, counterfeiting sorrow. 1681 W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 1092 What makes you look so sad, and moodily ? with such a Friday face, c 1600 Day Begg. Bednall Gr. iii. ii. (1881) 57 No, you *Friday-fac’t-frying-pan. 1606 Wily Beguiled in Hawkins Eng. Drama (1773) III. 356 What a friday-fac'd slave it is! I think.. his face never keeps holiday. 1649 G. Daniel Tr inarch., Hen. V, xlix, That he might haue his Capons, *fryday fare. X864 Tennyson En. Ard. 100 The lonely Hall, Whose Friday fare was Enoch's ministering. 1649 Bp. Hall Cases Consc. 56 Invites his friends to a *friday feast. <2x716 South Serm. (1717) VI. 109 If he steps forth with a *Friday-look and a Lenten Face .. Oh ! then he is a Saint upon Earth. 1633 Rowley Match Midnight 1, A plague of * Friday mornings ! Fridge (frid^), v. Also Frig. [App. onoma¬ topoeic; cf. Eidge, Fig.] 11 . intr. To move restlessly (about or up and down) ; to fidget. Cf. Fidge v. Obs. a X550 Hye way to Spyttel-ho. 394 in Hazl. E. P. P. IV. 44 At euery doore there they foot and frydge. 1617 Mark¬ ham Cavat. v. 23 Whilest you currie your Horse, if hee keepe a fridging vp and downe .. it is a signe your Currie- combe is too sharpe. X642 H. More Song of Soul 11. ii. iii. xxii, So must it. .rub against the Stars, surround the Sun.. Then swiftly fridge about the pallid Moon. 1681 Halliwell Melampronoea 3 The little Motes or Atoms that fridge, and play in the Beams of the sun. t 2 . To chafe, rub, scrape (against or upon). Obs. 1617 Markham Cavat. iii. 70 His spurs also must needes fridge vpon his sides. 1651 H. More SecondLash(i655) II. 213 The parts fridge one against another uncessantly. 3 . trans . To rub, fray, chafe; to wear away by rubbing. Also with off. Now chiefly dial. 1617 [see the vbl. sb.] 1761 Sterne Tr. Shandy III. iv, You might have .. fretted and fridged the outside of them all to pieces. 1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves Gloss., Fridge, to rub in pieces. 1788 Marshall Rural Econ., E. Yorks. (E. D. S.), Fridge, to chafe, to wear or injure by friction. 1848 A. B. Evans Lcicestersh. Words, etc.. Fridge , To fray, chafe, or ‘rough up’..‘These stockings won’t fridge you so much as coarse ones’. 1857 Mrs. Gatty Parablesfr. Nat. (1859) II - 33 The Spruce-fir next him had come so close that its branches fridged off little pieces of his . .bark. + 4 . ? To jerk or scrape out. Obs.— 1 1676 H. More Remarks xxxiii. 132 The immersion of the Tube may be made so obliquely and leasurely as neither to press out nor fridge out any mercurial effluvia. Hence Fri'dging vbl. sb. 1617 Markham Caval. it. 79 Yet when you strike, to strike freely and soundly, for the tickling or fridging of a horse with the spurre is a grosse fault. 1668 H. More Div. Dial. 1. x. (1713) 19 By the mutual fridging of those Particles one against another. 1678 Cudworth Intel!. Syst. 831 The meer Fridging up and down, of the Parts of an Extended Substance, changing their Place. 1737 Bracken Farriery Intpr. (1756) I. 333 By the Fridging, etc. in Riding, the Serum or watery Part of the Blood is gathered between the two Skins. + Frie, V. Obs.— 1 [ad. ON. fryja to challenge.] trans. To blame. Cf. Treeless. c 1300 Havclok 1998 And ther nis he nouth to frie, For other sholde he make hem lye Ded. Fried (frsid), ppl. a. Also 4 i-frijet. [pa. pple. of Fry v.] Cooked by frying. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. vii. 298 Bote hit weore fresch flesch or elles fisch i-fri;et. c 1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 500 Off Fryed metes be ware, for hoy ar Futnose in dede. 1598 Efulario H j b, Cut it on both sides like a fried fish. 1771 Goldsm. Haunch of Venison, At the top a fried liver and bacon was seen, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xii. 86 Roast mutton and fried potatos were our incessant fare. fig. 1644 Capt. Smith Virginia vi. 208 Who would have sought for wealth amongst those fried Regions of blacke brutish Negars. Friend (fiend), sb. and a. Forms : 1 frdond, frfond, {dat. friend, frynd), 2-3 friend, 4 south. vriend, 2-7frend(e,4 soulh.vren&{e, 3-4 freond, (3 south, vreond), 3-7 freind(e, 4 south, vrind, vryend, 4-6 freend(e, freynd, 5-7 frind(e, 5-6 frynd(e, (6 .SV. freyind), 6-friend. PI. 1 friend, frynd, frdond, freondas, friondas, 2-3 frend, friend(e, 3 frond, 3-4 freond; otherwise regular. [Com. Teut.: OE. frfond str. masc. = OFris., OS. friitnd,friond (Du. vriend), O WO. fr unit (MHO. vriunt, mod.Ger .freund), ON. (with change of declension in sing.) frsende (Sw. frdnde, Da. frsende'), Goth .frijdnds ; the pr. pple. of the OTeut. vb. *frijbjan to love (OE. frfogan, frfon, Goth. frijon ; the Ger. freien, Du. vrijen to woo, and the rare ON. fid to caress, are prob. not identical, though from the same root), f. pre-Teut. *priyo- dear: see Free a.] A. sb. 1 . ‘ One joined to another in mutual benevolence and intimacy’ (J.). Not ordinarily applied to lovers or relatives (but cf. senses 3, 4). Becrwulf 1018 (Gr.) Heorot innan wass freondum afylled. a xooo Ceedmoris Gen. 2025 pa pact inwitspell Abraham sae^de freondum sinum. c 1200 Ormin 17960, & whase iss patt bridgumess frend, He stannt wipp himm. c 1205 Lay. 703 3 e sculen .. beon mine leofe freond. c 1305 Pilate 98-9 in E. E. P. (1862) 114 Gode freond hi were For tuei schrewen wollep freond beo. CX400 Destr. Troy 8523 Ho was vn- kyndly to knaw of hir kyd frendis. 1484 Caxton Fables of AEsop iii. xiii, A trewe frend is oftyme better at a nedethan a Royalme. 1557 TotteVs Misc. (Arb.) 185 A faythfull frende is thing most worth. <7x651 Hobbes Rhet. (1840^455 A friend is he that loves, and he that is beloved. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 310 If we observe the common discourses of mankind, we shall find a friend to be one we frequently visit, who is our boon companion, or joins with us in our pleasures and diversions, or [etc.]. 1801 Southey Thalaba viii. i, The sound of his dear native tongue May be like the voice of a friend. 1881 Besant & Rice Chapl. Fleet I. 91 The doctor is a private friend of the dean. b. In various proverbial expressions. F But a friend's friend: ever so remotely connected. 1340 Ayenb. 186 panne he yzi3p his niede : uor ate niede me yzi3p huet pe urend is. c 1468 Paslon Lett. No. 582 II. 313 Better ys a frende unknow then knowen. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xix. 433 It is sayd, that at the nede the frende is knowen. 1539 Taverner Eiasnu Prozi. (1552) 32 A frende is more necessary than either fyer or water. 1546 J. Heywood/V^z/. (1867) 37 Many kynsfolke and few freends, some folke saie. 1562 — Prov.andEpigr .(1867) i32Prouethy freende er thou neede. 1599 Porter Angry Worn. Abingd. (Percy) 82 No, by lady, a friend is not so soone gotten as lost. 1642 J er. Taylor Episc. Pref., I am confident you will owne any thing that is but a friends friend to a cause of Loyalty. 1816 * Quiz ’ Grand Master v. 100 ‘ A friend in need ’ Is, certainly, ‘ a friend in deed *. c. Friend of God : a person eminent for piety, and presumed to enjoy God’s special favour. Now only with express reference to Jam . ii. 23. O. E. Chron. an. 654 He wses swySe Godes freond. c 1205 Lay. 9145 pat scolde beon i-haten Haelend & helpen his freondes. c 1230 Hali Meid. 7 pus hauen godes freond al pe fruit of pis world, c 1375 Sc, Leg. Saints, Bei'thol. 41 Of mychty god. .pe frende he is. d. Used in subscribing a letter. 1529 Wolsey in FourC. Eng. Lett. 11 Youre olde brynger up and lovying frende. X650 Chas. II in Ha7nilton Papers (Camden) 254 Your most affectionate frinde, Charles R. 1661 Jer. Taylor in Hatton Corr. (1878) 27 Your Lor** 8 most endeared, as most obliged, freind and servant. e. Applied to a second in a duel. 1800 Mar. Edgeworth Belinda (1832) I. iv. 72 Miss Honor O’Grady would be her friend upon the occasion. 1874 E. B. de Fonblanque Life A. Fonblanquc 16 The matter was at this point referred to two ‘ friends by whom a hostile meeting was arranged. 2 . Used loosely in various ways : e.g. applied to a mere acquaintance, or to a stranger, as a mark of goodwill or kindly condescension on the part of the speaker; by members of the ‘ Society of Friends’ adopted as the ordinary mode of address (cf. 7). Also often ironically. FRIEND. 546 FRIENDLIHOOD Similarly in parliamentary language, * my honourable friend ’ is often used by members in referring to each other; so also ‘ my learned friend ’ is applied in the law courts by counsel to each other. Cf. 6. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 21/83 ‘ Mine leue frend’, seide Jns holie Man. a 1300 Cursor M. 3229 ‘ Frend he said, 4 hou wend in hij vntil mesopotani c 1375 Lay Eolks Mass Bk. (MS. B.) 369 Oure sib men and oure wele-willandes, Oure frendes, tenandes, & seruandes. 1382 Wyclif Mait. xxii. 12 Frend. hou entridist thou hidir, nat hauynge brijd clothe? Ibid. xxvi. 50 Frend, wherto art thou comen? c 1470 Henry Wallace 11. 89 Gud freynd, pray I the, The schireffis ser- wand thow wald lat him be. 1508 Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. i. Wks. (1876) 2 Frendes this day I shall not declare vnto you ony parte of the epystle. 1710 Steele Tatler No. 204 r 6 A Quaker .. with an Air of good Nature and Charity calls you Friend. 1802 Mar. Edgeworth Moral T. (1813) II. 195 4 Nay, keep it, friend, keep it’, said Dinah Plait. *859 Geo. Eliot A. Bede ii, Dear friends, come and take this blessed¬ ness. 1890 Boldrewood Col. Reformer (1891) 321 Those free-selecting friends of yours. 3. A kinsman or near relation. Now only in pi. (one’s) relatives, kinsfolk, * people \ This is the only sense of the word in the Scand. langs., where sense 1 is expressed by ON. vinr (Sw. vein, Da. ven) ; similarly in many HG. dialects, freund is ‘ kinsman ’, the sense of‘friend' being expressed by guter freund (Kluge). O. E. Chron. an. 1135 J>a namen his sune & his frend & brohten his lie to Englelande. c 1200 Vices fy Virtues xvii. (1888) 41 Of his a3ene wiue and ec of his auene frienden. a 1300 Cursor M. 3016 For birth of ysaac, gret ioi can his frendes mak. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon ix. 225 For who that betraieth.. his frende carnall ought uot to lyve nor have ever ony worshyp. 1502 Ord. Crysten Men{ W. de W. 1506'11. viii. 104 All the sones & doughters of Adam & of Eue the whiche were our fyrst frendes. 1591 Shaks. Two Gent. hi. i. 106 She .. is promis’d by her friends Vnto a youthfull Gentleman of worth. 1721 Kelly Sc. Prov. 103 Friends agree best at a distance. By Friends here is meant Rela¬ tions. Mod. The prisoner will be handed over to the care of his friends. His friends are well-to-do people. + 4. A lover or paramour, of either sex. Obs. 1490 Caxton Eneydos xviii. 67 Playse the, thenne to haue mercy of this poure desolate frende [Dido], that shalle be sone broughte to the poynte mortalle. 1588 Shaks. L. L. L. v. ii. 405 O ! neuer will I. .come in vizard to my friend, Nor woo in rime like a blind-harpers songe. 1603 — Meas.for M. 1. iv. 29 He hath got his friend with childe. 1765 Foote Commissary 1. Wks. 1799 H. 16 When a gentleman wanted a friend, I could supply him with choice in an hour. 5. One who wishes (another, a cause, etc.) well; a sympathiser, favourer, helper, patron, or supporter. Const, of, to. c 1205 Lay. 1615 In to France he ferde )?er he freond funde. a 1300 Cursor M. 14569 To iurselem rede we }?ou wende For par es communli Jri freind. 1382 Wyclif Prov. xxii. 11 Who looueth clennesse of herte, for the grace of his lippis shal han the king frend. a 1550 Christis Kirke Gr. ix, With that a freynd of his cry’d, fy ! And up ane arrow drew. 1609 Bible (Douay) 1 Macc. vii. 7 Let him punish al his frends and ayders. 1612 Peach am Graphice 11. iv, Shee is a friend to all studies, especially poetry. 1710 Shaftesb. Advice to Author (1757) 143 The Minister who was no friend to the young nobleman. 1782 Priestley Corrupt. Chr. II. ix. 206 The Gnostics ..were no friends to marriage. 1876 J. Parker Paracl. 11. xviii. 341 Physical science has a friend in every theologian. 1878 Morley Carlyle Crit. Misc. Ser. 1. 198 These who should only have been friends of order. b. Said of God or Christ. C 1325 Metr. Horn. 23 Criste warnes us ful fair als frend. c 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 14 Cain, I reyde thou so teynd That God of heven be thi freynd. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xx. 43 Hald God thy freind, evir stabill be him stand. 1754 Chatham Lett.Nepheiu'w. 26 His never-failing Almighty Friend. c. Friend in or at court : one who has ability and disposition to help another by his influence in high quarters. C1400 Rom. Rose 5541 For freend in court ay better is Than peny in [his] purs [orig. Qu’ades vaut miex amis en voie Que ne font deniers en corroie]. 1539 Taverner Erasm . Prov. (1552) 14 A frend in court is worth a peny in purse. 1655 Dickson On Ps. cv. 16 When the Lord was to bring his people into Egypt He provided so as they should have a friend at court before they came. 1848 Dickens Dombey xxxviii, I shouldn’t wonder—friends at court you know—but never you mind, mother, just now. 1886 Pall Mall G. 23 Sept. 11/2 Despite the activity of the squatters’ friends ‘ at court’ (that is,in the public land offices at Sydney). d. transf. Anything helpful. c 1400 Lanfranc s Cirurg. 150 Wherfore spiritus exalip pe whiche pat ben freendis bo^e to \>& body and also to soule. 1611 Shaks. Wint. T. 1. ii. 458 Good Expedition be my friend. 1671 Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1711) 186 Here Brandy was our best Friend, for it kept them always Fox’d. 6 . As opposed to enemy in various senses: One who is on good terms with another, not hostile or at variance; one who is on the same side in war¬ fare, politics, etc. a 1000 Elene 953 (Gr.) Se feond & se freond. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 231 Wa .. him were frend oSer fend. 13.. K. Alis. 122 He disgysed him anon, That him no kneow freond neo fon. c 1400 Destr. Troy 7853 To beri }?e bodys of hor bold frendys. <71440 Vork Myst. xx. 173 For frende or foo. 1508 Dunbar Flyting w. Kennedie 85 My freyindis thow reprovit with thy pen ? Thow leis, tratour 1 1596 Shaks. Merck. V. v. i. 26 Lor. Who comes so fast in silence of the night? Mes. A friend. 1696 tr. Du Mont's Voy. Levant 175 The French, whom they call Friends and Allies. 1717 Bolingbroke Let. to Windham Wks. 1809 I. 7 From our enemies we expect evil treatment, .but when our friends abandon us .. the firmest mind finds it hard to resist. 1782 Priestley Corrupt. Chr. I. Pref. 20 Whether it be by a friend or an enemy, I shall be glad. 1816 Scott Old Mort. xlii, 4 1 hae been willing to save the life o’ friend and foe.’ b. Phrases : To be, + hold, keep, make f7iends with, f to make friends to : to be or get on good terms with ; also absol. to be friends, f To have, etc. to {at) frie7id, i.e. as a ‘ friend ’, on one’s side. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. i. 28 So forward on his way (with God to frend) He passed forth. 1596 Shaks. i Hen IV, in. iii. 203 ,1 am good Friends with my Father, and may do any thing. 1599 — Much Ado 1. i. 91 Mess. 1 will hold friends with you Lady. 1601 — Jul. C. hi. i. 143, 1 know that we shall haue him well to Friend. 1603 — Meas.for M. 1. iii. 182 Implore her., that she make friends To the strict deputie. 1605 — Mach. iv. iii. 10 As I shall finde the time to friend; I wil. 1611 — Wint. T. v. i. 140 From him Giue you all greetings, that a king (at friend) Can send his Brother. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. vii. § 24 The King had no Port to Friend, by which he could bring Ammunition to Oxford. 1651 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 11. xxxix (1739) 173 The people, .had God to Friend in all. 1657 R. Ligon Barba- does (1673) 108 By his own Industry, and activity (having youth and strength to friends) raise his fortune. 1697 Dam- pier Voy. I. ii. 23 A party of 500, or 600 men..may do it without asking leave of the Indians ; though it be much better to be friends with them. 1715-20 Pope Iliad viii. 230 Sole should he sit, with scarce a god to friend. 1823 J. Wilson Trials Marg. Lyndsay xxiii. 190 Will you be friends with me again, Mary? 1873 Black Pr. Thule x\\. 255 You will never make friends with me by speaking ill of my husband. 1884 W. E. Norris Thirlby Hall v, You must keep friends with her, or she may do you an ill turn one of these days. + e. Heavy friend , small friend : an enemy. Cf. Backfriend i. 1606 Holland Sueton. 182 His Aunt Lepida. .hee deposed against, .thereby to gratifie his mother her heavie friend, and who followed the suite hotly against her. 1767 Wesley Wks. (1872) III. 270 So hitherto all the bad labour of my small friends is lost. 7. A member of the Society of Friends, a Quaker. 1679 Establ. Test 24 He passes for one of their Friends. 1708 Whiting {title), A Catalogue of Friends Books ; Written by many of the People, called Quakers. 1796 T. Twining Trav. Amcr. (1894) 67 It is probable that his name is held in respect by the ‘ Friends’ of Pennsylvania. 1870 Whittier Pr. Wks. (1889) III. 307, I am not blind to the shortcomings of Friends. 8 . attrib . and Comb., as J frie7idfoe, -killer, -maker, - spectator ; friciid- betray mg, -finding, -making, + -pretendmg, + -seemhig adjs. Also + friend-pipe, the calumet; friend-stead a. Sc., 1 possessing a friend’ (Jam.), befriended; friend- strong a., having many friends. 1645 Quarles Sol. Recant. 1. 37 Where. .*friend-betraying treasure May passe in barter for repented Pleasure. 1846 Browning Soul's Trag. 1. 63 Luitolfo was the proper ^Friend-making, everywhere *friend-finding soul, a 1618 Sylvester Miracle Peace Wks. (Grosart) II. 42 The *friend- foe strangers, With us, against us. 1586 J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinshed II. 182/2 He received his just reward of .. a *friend killer. 1580 Lupton Sivqila 118 The chiefe friende and *friendmaker is money. 1775 Adair Amer. I fid. 167 Indian methods of making peace. .They first smoke out of the *friend-pipe, and eat together, a 1661Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 274 His *friend-pretending foes. 1620 Melton Astrolog. 74 In fawning and *friend-seeming shewes. 1632 Brome North. LasseVroX., Gallants and *Friends-spectators will yee see A strain of Wit that is not Poetry? 1637 Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. 462 ,1 am sure that while Christ lives, I am well enough *friend-stead. a 1618 Sylvester Sonn . vii. Wks. (Grosart) II. 322 Our * friend-strong Muse shall use the helpe of Strangers. + B. adj. Well-disposed, friendly, not hostile. (Cf. Enemy a.) Obs. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvii. Ixvii. (Tollem. MS.) Fresche bred and elene, made of whete, is moste frende and acordvnge to kynde. C1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 69 A fisician pat was frend to J?e freendis of J?e pacient. 1574 Hellowes Gueuara's Fain. Ep. 28 The citie of Sagunto was alwayes friend and allied with the Romanes. 1600 E. Blount tr. Conestaggio (ed. 2) 33 They were in a strong lodging, ioyning to a friend towne. 1601 Shaks. Jul. C. v. iii. 18 That I may rest assur’d Whether yond Troopes are Friend or Enemy. 1623 Bingham Xenophon 36 Passe you not with much labour many plaines, that are friend to vs? 1690 S. Sewall Diary 10 Mar. (1878) I. 315 The present settlement of the Friend-Indians. Friend (frend), v. Forms: 3 vreonden, 4-6 fre;e)nde, 9 Sc. freend, 6 - friend, [f. Friend j7>.] 11. trans. To gain friends for. Obs. rare — l . a 1225 Ancr. R. 420 Ne makie none purses, uorte ureonden ou mide. + 2. To make (persons) friends or friendly; to join in friendship ; to join (a person) to or with another in friendship. Chiefly in pass, to be frie7ided. Obs. 1387-8 T. Usk Test. Love iii. ix. 109 Charitie is love, and love is charity. God graunt us al[le] therin to be frended ! c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. vi. 196 And efiyr swne frendyt were The Kyng Dawy of Scotland And Stewyn Kyng Jran of Ingland. 1585 Earl Leycester in Corr. Dudley (1844) 33 Yf the man be as he now semeth, hit were petty to loose him, for he is in dede mervelously frended. 1587 Fleming Ccntn. Holinshed 111 .1346/2 What freendship he had shewed .. both by his owne purse, as also by freending them to some of the popes chamber, a 1598 Rollock Serrn. Wks. 1849 I. 363 Thou sail never get regeneratioun befoir God be friended with thee : thou is his enemie, thou mon be friended with him. 1604 T. Wright Passions 1. x. 37 Others you have, soone angrie, soone friended. 3. To act as a friend to, befriend (a person, cause, etc.) ; to assist, help. arch, ox poet. 1562 J. Heywood Prov. fy Epigr. (1867) 89 Freende they any. That flatter many? 1581 Savile Tacitus' Hist. iv. xxxix. (1591) 198 Kings which frended the cause. 1600 Holland Livy xxxi. xi. 779 They had undertaken the warre upon king Philip, because he had friended and aided [auxiliis juvisset\ the Carthaginians, a 1618 Sylvester Maiden's Blush 967 Shee all the gods requires To friend her love, and further her desires. 1676 W. Row Contn. Blair s Aulobiog. xii. 11848) 434 Reports came that the King would friend Lauderdale. 1855 Singleton Virgil I. 27 Do thou but at his birth the boy. .O chaste Lucina, friend. absol. 1606 Shaks. Tr. fy Cr. 1. ii. 84 Well, the Gods are aboue, time must friend or end. b. fg. of things. 1598 Barret Theor. Warres v. ii. 143 If they be not friended with hedge, ditch, or some such place of aduantage. 1599 Shaks. Hen. V, iv. v. 19 Disorder that hath spoyl’d vs, friend vs now. 1622 Drayton Poly-olb. xxii. (1748) 343 But friended with the flood the barons hold their strength. 1721 Southerne Spartan Dame 1. i, There the street Is narrow, and may friend our purpose well. 1867 M. Arnold Poems, St. Brandan, That germ of kindness .. outlives my doom, And friends me in the pit of fire. 4 . To frie7id it : to act the friend, rare . 1849 Clough Dipsychus 1. iii, To herd with people that one owns no care for; Friend it with strangers that one sees but once. Hence + Friending vbl. sb., friendliness ; the action of befriending or favouring one’s friends. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 1. v. 185 T’expresse his loue and friend¬ ing to you. 1642 Compl. Ho. Com. 10 There is notable friending there in causes. t Prie*ndable, a. Obs. rare. [f. Friend sb. + - able. Cf. a7nicablei\ Friendly. c 1570 Pride fy Lcnvl.{ 1841) 83 Sleepe to nature so friendable. Friended (fre*nded), ppl. a. [f. Friend sb. and v.] a. Having a friend ; possessed of or sup¬ plied with friends. Usually qualified by an adv. as ill, well, otc.frie7ided. b. In sense 3 of the vb.: Befriended (rare). 1530 St. Papers Hen. VIII, VII. 243 Cassalis and other be so frendyd abought Yowr Grace, that they have avyses of al the tenour off yowr mooste honorable lettres writen hyther. 1568 Tilney Disc. Mariage E iv, What avayleth it a man to have his wife of. .good parentage, and wel friended, if [etc.]. 1580 Sidney Arccuiia iii. (1605) 292 The curteous Amphialus .. ranne ouer the head of his therein friended enemie. 1581 Mulcaster Positions iv. (1887) 19 Who is so ill freinded, as he hath not one, with whom to conferre. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks, , Although he was a man mightily friended, yet was he. .banished. 1824 Scott Redgauntlet let. xi, ‘ He was weel-freended and at last he got the haill scraped thegither.’ 1884 Edna Lyall We Two xl, I have been well ‘ friended * all my life, he said. Prov. 1538 Starkey England 1. iii. 86 For (as hyt ys commynly and truly also sayd) materys be endyd as they be frendyd. 1605 Camden Rem. (1637) 2 9 2 As a man is friended, so the law is ended. 1610 Heywood Gold. Age 1. i. Wks. 1874 III. 6 Causes best friended haue the best euent. t Frie'ndess. Obs. In 4 frendesse. [f. Friend sb. + -ess.] A female friend. 1382 Wyclif Prov. vii. 4 Clepe thou prudence thi frendesse. 1388 — Song Sol. i. 8. t Frie ndful, a. Obs. ff. Friend sb. or v. + -ful.] Friendly, well-disposed, loving. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Vincencius 173 par-for so frendful ma nane be to me as Jm* c 1470 Henry Wallace ix. 1383 A hous, quhar .. A wedow duelt was frendfull till our men. ci 1509 Hen. VII in Antiq. Rep. (1808) II. 321 note , The dedly corrupcion did utterly overcom the pure and frendfull blod. 1570 Buchanan Ane Admonitiouu Wks. (1892) 36 Remember yat he schew him self neuir mair freindfull and succurabill to na people yan he hes done to 30W. Hence + Friendfully adv., in a friendly manner. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Placidas 659 He hyme met, &. .ful frendfylly hyin gret. c 1450 Golagros fy Gaw. 1173, I mak you request, Freyndfully, but falsset, or ony fenyeing, That ye wald to me..Tell your entent. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 329 Thir governouris to purpois than tuke Richt freindfullie to deliuer this duke To his fredome. Frie'ndism. noncc-wd. [f. Friend sb. + -ism.] 1820 Coleridge Lit. Rem. II. 174 Shakspeare meant to represent Richard as ..a man with a wantonness of spirit in external show, a feminine friendism, an intensity of woman¬ like love of those immediately about him. Friendless (frendles), a. [f. Friend sb. + -LESS.] 1 . Destitute of friends. + Friendless man : in OF. law a frequent designation for an outlaw. c 950 Lindisf.Gosp. Johnxiv. 18 Neforlet iciuihfreondleasa ic cymmo to iuih. <11035 Laws of Cnut 11. § 35 (Schmid) Gif freondleas man geswenced weor|?e. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 331/292 So freondlese ase huy were, c 1330 Amis fy A mil. 1559 A frendleser man than he was. ^1400 Beryn 1721 For now ful frendlese, yee mowe wel sey that ye been. 1552 Abp. Hamilton Catcch. (1884) 31 Ane freindles man or woman. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII, in. i. 81 Alas, I am a Woman frendlesse, hopelesse. 1664 South Serfti. (1737 » II. ii. 68 Woe to him that is alone, is verified upon none so much as upon the friendless person. 1847 Longf. Ev. ii. i, Friend¬ less, homeless, hopeless, they wandered from city to city. absol. a 1035 Laws of Cnut 11. § 35 (Schmid) Be freond- leasan. 1526 Tindale Jas. i. 27 To vysit the frendlesse and widdowes in their adwersite. a 1777 Fawkes Nathan's Parable 29 To recompense the friendless and the poor. 2 . Used by Shelley = Unfriendly. 1818 Shelley Rev . Islam in. xiii, One bare A lighted torch, and four with friendless care Guided my steps the cavern-paths along. Hence Frie ndlessness. 1812 Byron Ch. Har. 11. vii, The seeming friendlessness of him who strove To win no confidence. 1854 J- S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) I. iv. 72 She experienced the most afflictive reverses of friendlessness. .and penury. + Frie ndliliood. Obs. Forms: 4 frendely- hede, 5 frendle-, frendlihede, frendlyhead, -hed(e, -hode. [f. Friendly + -head, -hood.] Friendliness, friendship. FRIENDLIKE. 547 FRIEZE. x 39 ° Gower Con/. II. 286 As by way of frendelyhede. a 1420 Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 958 In mukke is alle this worldes frendlyhede. c 1440 Generydes 5170 Telle me doughter, of very frendlehede, What sygrem seid. 1481 Earl Worcester Tulle on Friendsh. (1530) A v, I truste that the frendlyhode of Scipio with Lelyus shalle be knowen to all them whiche shal come aftir us. Friendlike (fre-ndlaik), a. [f. Friend + -like.] Like a friend or friends, friendly. x 559 W. Cunningham Cosmog. Glass 171 The nature of the people more ciuill, frindlyke, wise. 1596 Drayton Leg. Matilda Iviii, But soone my Soule had gath’red vp her Powers, Which in this need might, friendlike, giue her ayd. a 1721 Prior Erie Robert’s Mice 3$ Reply'd the friendlike Peer, I weene, Matthew is angred on the Spleene. Friendlily (fre-ndlili), adv. [f. Friendly a. + -ly 2 .] In a friendly manner, like a friend. 1680 Earl Rochester s Will in Wills Doctor's Comm. (Camden) 140 Soe long as my wife shall, .friendlily live with my mother. C1728 Earl of Ailesbury Mem. (1890) 651 We discoursed friendlily on several subjects. 1829 S. Turner Mod. Hist. Eng. III. 11. xi. 356 She sent the two nobles, .to persuade him..to come back friendlily to her. 1883 Miss Broughton Belinda 1. vii, Nodding friendlily to the powdery miller as they pass. Friendliness (fre-ndlines). [f. Friendly a. + -ness.] The quality or condition of being friendly ; rarely pl„ manifestations of friendliness. 1490 Caxton Eneydos vii. 31 They began to treate wyth theym curtoysly, wyth all gre and frendlynes. a 1500 Chaucer's Dreme 814 She had whole richesse Of woman- head, and friendlinesse. 1570 Dee Math. Pref. 10 His humblenes, and frendelynes to all men. 1650 Jer. Taylor Holy Living i. § 4 (1680) 7 Let all the intervals, .be imployed in prayers .. charity, friendliness, and neighbourhood. 1790 G. Walker Serm. II. xxi. 127 All the engaging, the heart¬ rejoicing friendlinesses of a human being. 1807 Southey Let. 8 Dec. in Life $ Corr. III. xiii. 124 Fully sensible of your friendliness. 1863 Geo. Eliot Romola 1. xvi, The keen eyes were bright with hope and friendliness. Friendly (fre*ndli), a. ( sb .) and adv. [OE. frtondlic adj., -lice adv. : see Friend sb. and -ly 1 , 2 .] A. adj. 1 . Having the qualities or disposition of a friend, disposed to act as a friend, kind. C900 tr. Baedds Hist. v. xiii. (1891) 440 05 j?e 5 urh 5 a freondlican aenglas o 5 j?e 5 a feondas. C1374 Chaucer Troylus 11. 106 (155) He is the frendliest man Of so grete astate, that ever I saw in my lyve. 1402 Hoccleve Let. of Cupid 302 How frendely was Medea to Jason. 1477 Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 8 b, The enuyous man is frendely to him that is present. 1584 Burleigh in Fuller Ch. Hist. ix. v. 159 Your Graces as friendly as any Will. Burley. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. vi, I knew him to be friendly as far as he was able. 1871 G. Meredith H. Richmond xiii, No one could be friendlier. 2 . Characteristic of or befitting a friend or friends; manifesting friendship. £*385 Chaucer L. G. W. Prol. 251 Hyde Jonathas al thyn frendely manere. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. ccxli. 312 The grayhounde. .made to hym the same frendly coun- tinaunce and chere as he was wonte to do to the kyng. 1606 Shaks. Ant. # Cl. 11. vi. 47 Your Mother came to Cicelie, and did finde Her welcome Friendly. 1683 Pentisylv. Archives I. 72 And first, I congratulate w th a friendly Joy. 1709 Steele & Swift Tatler No. 67 P 12 To tell People of their Faults in a friendly and private Manner. 1785 J. C. I ,ettsom Let. 8 Apr. in T. J. Pettigrew Life (1817) II. 425, I was sorry to perceive by your last friendly letter that you have failed in procuring a loan for my friend Mr. W. 1868 Miss Braddon Run to Earth I. i. 9 Jernam acknowledged their courtesy with a friendly nod. b. Friendly lead, among the poorer classes in London, an entertainment given by friends for the benefit of a person in distress, etc. 1886 Besant Childr. Gibeon 11. xxxii, The great table dented .. with a thousand hammerings of pewter pots at friendly leads. 1895 Daily Tel. 26 Sept. 3 He went to a 1 friendly lead ’ for the benefit of a man who had just come out of the hospital. 3 . Not hostile or at variance; on amicable terms. Const, to, with. 1595 Shaks. John 11. i. 481 Why answer not the double Maiesties, This friendly treatie of our threatned Towne. 1607 — Timon v. i. 122 Nothing but himselfe, which lookes like man, Is friendly with him. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 695 The Inhabitants whereof .. have shewed themselves friendly to the Portugals. 1671 Nar- borough Jml. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1711) 135 The People were friendly, .but .. very theevish. 1798 Nel¬ son 22 July in Nicolas Disp. (1845) III. 47 The King’s flag is insulted at every Friendly Port we look at. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 399 The wits and the Puritans had never been on friendly terms, i860 Ann. Reg. 21 Sowing suspicion and distrust, calculated to bring about a total rupture with a neighbouring and friendly country. b. Not proceeding from or attended with hosti¬ lity; amicable. Of an action at Law: Brought between parties not really at variance, in order to obtain a decision on some point. C. Of a match at football, etc.: Played simply for the honour of the thing and not in competition for a cup, etc. Usually ellipt . (quasi- j£.). 1894 Athletic News 5 Nov. 4 The Sunderland and Wool¬ wich Arsenal match was a friendly. 1895 Westm. Gaz. 7 Nov. 3/2 When an inter-club match is called a ‘friendly’, the inference as to what a league match means is fairly easy. 4 . Favourably disposed, well-wishing; inclined to approve, help, or support. x 535 Coverdale Ps. xxiv. [xxv.] 8 O how frendly & right- uous is the Lorde. 1601 Shaks. fill. C. v. i. 94 The Gods to day stand friendly. 1826 Foster in Life $ Corr. (1846) II. 79 A letter, .which contained a most friendly reference to me. 1878 J. C. Morison Gibbon 72 The side of his history from which a friendly biographer would most readily turn away. 5 . Of things, influences, etc.: Disposed or likely to be helpful or serviceable; kindly, propitious, favourable, salutary. Const, to, + unto. c 1391 Chaucer Astrol. 11. § 4 He is in dignite &conforted with frendly aspectys of planetes. 1592 Shaks. Rom. <$ Jul. v. iii. 163 O churle, drinke all? and left no friendly drop, To helpe me after. 1659 Hammond On Ps. cvii. 23- 30 By the friendliest gales. 1683 Tryon Way to Health 192 The more simple .. sorts of Food and Drink, as Bread, Cheese .. are both mild and friendly. 1821 Lamb Elia Ser. 1. Mockery End , As words written in lemon come out upon exposure to a friendly warmth. 1850 Prescott Peru II. 341 He bent down his head to kiss it, when a stroke, more friendly than the rest, put an end to his existence, b. Suitable to one’s comfort, convenient. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 33 Neighb’ring Trees, with friendly Shade invite The Troops. 1713 Addison Cato 1. iv, At th’approach of Night On the first friendly Bank he throws him down. 1885 J. Payn Talk of Town II. 196 A friendly pillar brought Dennis himself to anchorage. 16 . Of things : 4 Disposed to union ’ (J.) ; not jarring or conflicting. Obs. 1717 Pope Ep. to Jerz'as 15 Like friendly colours [we] found them both unite. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 272 To bring all the parts into their most friendly state of contact. 7 . Of or pertaining to the Society of Friends. 1886 American XII. 155 Whose family are Friendly people. 8. Friendly Society. Originally, the name of a particular fire-insurance company. In later use, one of numerous associations, the members of which pay fixed contributions to insure pecuniary help in sickness or old age, and provision for their families in the event of death. 1703 Loud. Gaz. No. 3910/4 All Persons who have any Demands upon the Undertakers of the Friendly Society, by reason of the late Fire, .may .. Receive the money, due on any Policy of Insurance. 1720 Ibid. No. 5909/3 The Friendly Society (or Sheaf of Arrows) give Notice, That they assure Losses from Fire. 1819 Gentl. Mag. 529 He placed the property of Friendly Societies under the protec¬ tion of the laws. 1863 Fawcett Pol. Econ. 11. ix. (1876)240 A Trades’-Union performs the ordinary functions of a Friendly Society. 9 . Comb ., as friendly-fiendly , -seeming adjs. 1709 E. Holdsworth Muscipula (1749) 51 With friendly- seeming Wellcome. 1877 Tennyson Harold in. i, With that friendly-fiendly smile of his. B. sb. (See also A. 3 c.) A ‘ friendly ’ native, one of a friendly tribe. Usually pi. 1870 Pall MallG. 19 Apr., They were friendlies returning home. 1885 Ibid . 17 Mar. 8/1 Our Arab ‘ friendlies ’ declare that [etc.]. C. adv. In a friendly manner or spirit, like a friend, with friendship. Beowulf 1027 Ne ^efrasgn ic freondlicor feower madmas. c 1205 Lay. 14845 We scullen an londe. .godes folc uroaefrien & freondliche hit halden. a 1300 Cursor M. 15294 For- wit his disciplis fete Ful freindli he fell. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. xi. 171 Was neuer gome vppon grounde. .Feirore vndurfonge ne frendloker maad at ese. c 1440 York Myst. xxxiii. 76 So frendly he fared, c 1475 Rauf Coilgear 281 Than spak he freindly. 1549 Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Jas. i. 27 Euen so muste we agayne bee bothe mercyfull and frendely liberall towardes our neighbour. 1608 Rowlands Humors Looking Glasse 9 Vnles he friendly drew his purse. 1705 Hearne Collect. 21 Nov., W ch [he] was friendly told of. 1772-84 Cook Voy. (1790) V. 1672 Some of the men marry three wives, who in general live friendly together. 1807 P. Gass Jml. 255 The natives used us friendly and with kindness. 1869 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) III. xii. 157 He tended him friendly in his castle for three days. t Frie'ndman. Obs. [f. Friend sb.+ Man.] An intimate friend; also, a relative. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 183 Among \>a.l k e sowle wite 5 ]?e licame worpeS hewe and \>z frendmen him biwepeS gef anie ben. a 1300 Cursor M. 20242 Hir freind-men til hir scho cald. [1884 J. Parker Apost. Life III. 4 Man looks for man—not any man, but the friend-man.] t Frie*ndrede. Obs. [OE. freondraeden : see Friend sb. and -red.] Friendship. c 888 K. ^Elfred Boeth. xxi, past hie ^etreowlice heora.. freondraedenne healdap. 13.. K. Alis. 1488 To beon of his freondrede. 1340 Ayenb. 149 pise urendrede ous ssewede Iesu crist pe zobe urend. Friendship (fre-ndJip). Forms: 1 -3 frdoncl- scipe, (1 -seype, 3 freond-, freontschipe, freon- scipe), 2-3 frendshipe, 3-4 frenscip, -seep, freinschip, 3-5 frendscip, -schip, frenschip(e, (4 frendischipe, frencipp, -s(c)hepe, 5 -chepe), 4-5 frendeship, (freendshippe), frenship(pe, -shyp, 4-6 frendship(pe, (4 frendshepe, 6 -shype, 4 Sc. *freyndschip, 6 Sc. freindship, 6- friendship. [OE. friondscipe : see Friend sb. and -ship.] 1 . The state or relation of being a friend ; asso¬ ciation of persons as friends. Beowulf 2069 py ic HeaSobeardna hyldo ne tel^e .. freondscipe faestne. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 33 Aire erest pu most habben mine freonscipe. a 1225 After. R. 98 Uor no freondschipe nis so vuel ase is fals freondschipe. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 35 pat bi nom pe myn frenschipe for pi sopnesse al clene. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. iii. (1495) 553 It is sayd that alabastre .. gendryth and kepyth frendshypp. c 1440 York Myst. xxxiii. 76 He fest me to his frenschippe,so frendly he fared. 1553 Eden Treat. Newelnd. (Arb.) 36 Wilde menne, which ( could by no gentilnes be allured to frendshippe. 1612 Bacon Ess., Friendship (Arb.) 160 Without friendship, society is but meeting. 1733 Swift Life Char. Dean S—t 43 True friendship in two breasts re¬ quires The same aversions, and desires. 1875 Manning Mission H. Ghosts. 125 The love of friendship is. .the most perfect form of love. b. A friendly relation or intimacy, ciooo Sax. Leechd. III. 210 Freondscipas niwe. 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 7 Knawing weill, na thing micht bring the pepill sonar under ane freindschip and band than sic doingis. 1664 Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 85 The learned and choice Friendships that you enjoy. 1697 Dampier Voy I. vii. 182 To endeavour a Friendship with those Indians; a thing our Privateers had long coveted. 1842 Tennyson Will Waterproof 40 And softly, thro’ a vinous mist, My college friendships glimmer. 1871 Morley Voltaire (1886) 361 His friendship with two of the chief actors may have biassed his judgment. t C. collect. Friends. Obs. c 1400 Beryn 3526 And lokid .. with a rewful cher .. on othir frendshipp and neyjbours he had ther. a 1440 Sir Degrev. 1274 The duke rekyvered a3yne, Hys frenchepys were fayn. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. c. 80 Cadwalyn in playne batayll slowe Edwyn and al his frendshippes. 2 . Friendly feeling or disposition felt or shown by one person for or towards another; friendliness. •\ In friendship : on friendly terms. a 1300 Cursor M. 14359 Mikel frenscip has )xni him kidd. 1375 Barbour Bmce 1. 84 For that at the King off Ingland Held swylk freyndschip and cumpany To thar King, c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) ii. 7 pat was giffen me for grete fren- schepe. 1596 Spenser State Irel. (Globe) 661 Such rawe captaynes as are usuallye sent out of England, being therto preferred onely by frendship, and not chosen by sufficiencye. 1664 South Serm. (1737) II. ii. 45 We have here..an ac¬ count of Christ’s friendship to his disciples. 1723-4 in Swift's Lett. (1766) II. 277, I could never impute it to want of friendship in one, whose goodness to me has always been abundantly more than I could deserve. x86i M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 38 To renew the assurance of his friendship, which was not diminished by the sorrowful event. f 3 . A friendly act; a favour ; friendly aid. Obs. 1535 Coverdale Prov. xviii. 24 A frende that delyteth in loue, doth a man more frendshipe, and sticketh faster vnto him then a brother. 1605 Shaks. Lear in. ii. 62 Hard by heere is a Houell, Some friendship will it lend you ’gainst the Tempest. 1613 Beaum. & Fl. Coxcomb 11. i, You have done me friendships infinite, and often. + 4 . 4 Conformity, affinity, correspondence, apt¬ ness to unite * (J.). Cf. Friendly 6. Obs. rare~ k 1695 Dryden tr. Dufresnoy s Art Paint. Observ. 175 This rule obliges us to know those Colours which have a Friend¬ ship with each other, and those which are incompatible. + Frie’ndsome, a- Obs. [f. Friend (j sb. or a.) + -some.] Friendly, kindly, benign. a 1300 E. E. Psalter lxviii. 20 [lxix. 16] Here me, lauerd, witterli, For frendsome es )?i merci. 1375 Barbour Bruce 1. 88 Thai trowyt that he .. as freyndsome compositur, Wald hawe Iugyt in lawte. Hence + Friendsomeness. a 1300 E. E. Psalter lxiv. 12 [lxv. 11] Blisse saltou }?e croune pat es Of yhere of his frendsomnes. Ibid, lxxxiv. 13 [lxxxv. 12] Sothlike frendsomnes lauerd giue sal. Frienge, obs. form of Fringe. Frier, var. of Fryer ; obs. form of Friar. + Friese, ct. and sb. Obs. [The native name : see Frisian.] = Frisian a. and sb. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 42 Pater symonet the friese was woned to make there false money. 1675 tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. iv. (1688) 592 They [Spaniards] were received by the Friese Musketiers with a Volley of small Shot. Hence Frie’sica., f Frie sish #. [see -ic, -ish], = Frisian. 1864 Webster, Friesish (rare). 1887 Cummins {title) A Grammar of the Old Friesic Language. Frieze (frfz), sb . 1 Forms: 5-6 fres(s)e, 5-7 fryce, fryse, 6 friese, fryze, 6-8 frees(e, -z(e, 5-9 frise, 6-9 frize, 7 freise, -ze, 6- frieze, [a. Fr. frise (from 15th c.), f. friser (16th c.) to curl (hair, etc.) : see Frizz v. 1 ] 1 . A kind of coarse woollen cloth, with a nap, usually on one side only; now esp. of Irish manu¬ facture. Also frieze-cloth, + frieze-ware. 1418 E. E. Wills (1882) 37 Also a gowne of grene frese. 1462 Mann. <$• Ilouseh. Exp. 150 Item, payd fTor iij. ^erdys off blakke ffryce ij. s. ob. 1483 Act 1 Ric . Ill j c. 8 § 18 The making, .of any Cloth called Frise Ware, a 1529 Skel¬ ton Wks. (Dyce) I. 121 In dud frese ye war schrynyd With better frese lynyd. 1561 T. Norton Calvin’s Inst. iii. xix. (1634) 407 For this is truly said, that oftentimes in freese and course cloth dwelleth a purple heart. 1611 Speed Theat. Gt. Brit. vi. (1614) 11/1 A home-spun freeze-cloth. 1627 Lisander $ Cal. v. 89 His wast-coate of redde fryse. 1683 Brit. Spec . 43 A thick Co vering made of course Wool, having a Nap on both sides like Freez, worn by the Gauls and better sort of Britains to keep out the Cold. 1765 Sterne Tr. Shandy V II. xxi, An old calash..lined with green frize. 1803 Ann. Rev. I. 416 In the county of Wicklow a kind of frize and ratteen, of pretty good quality, is very generally made for domestic uses. 1827 Miss Sedgwick H. Leslie (1872) II. 187 His dress was an overcoat of coarse frieze cloth. 1856 Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh iv. 540 Half St, Giles in frieze Was bidden to meet St. James in cloth of gold, f 2 . The nap or down on a plant; a tuft of the same. Obs. 1640 Parkinson Theat. Bot . 255 Nine leaves, three whereof fall downe, having a freeze neere the bottomes.. 1657 Coles Adam in Eden no Round Leaves .. thicker and greener than those of the Butter-burr, with a little Down or freese. 1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. 109/1 Dittany hath . .a Tassel in the middle, .with a little Freez or Thrum. 3 . In Leather-manuf. An imperfection in leather, consisting in a bruising or abrasion of the grain. 69-2 FRIEZE. 548 FRIGEFY. 1885 C. T. Davis Leather iv. xiii. 239 ‘Frieze’ is prin¬ cipally caused in the subsequent step of sweating when the grain of the hide is inclined to be tender and has the appearance of being scraped off. 4 . attrib. and Comb . Chiefly simple altrib. or quasi-a^’. = ‘made of friezeas in frieze coat (whence frieze-coated adj.). Also frieze-coat, a designation applied to an Irish peasant; + frieze- leather = frizzed leather. 1531 in Weaver Wells Wills ( 1890) 29 W m Wey a Is. Smy3th my old ffryse cotte. 1535 Ibid. 28 Sir John Sherman my ffryce gowne. c 1550 W. S. Disc. Common Weal Eng. 11. (1893) 82 In a kendall cote in somer or in a frese cote in winter. 1563 Foxe A. <$* 71 /. 1365/1 Maister Latimer, .wearing an olde threade- bare Bristowe fryse gowne gyrded to his bodye with a peny lether gyrdell. 1594 Plat Je^vell-ho. hi. 72 A peece of freese-leather. 1598 Florio, Marrochino, Spanish lether, frizeleather. 1610 Rowlands Martin Mark-all Aij, Vp starts an old cacodemicall Academicke with his frize bonnet. 1640 W. M. Wandering Jew (1857) 22 A poore Ale-house is your Inne, an old Freeze Jerkin in Summer your Sonday-suit. 1775 Sheridan Duenna 11. iii, As ridiculous as gold lace on a frize coat. 1796 Coleridge Observ. Blossom 1st Feb., This dark, frieze-coated, hoarse, teeth-chattering Month. 1845 Disraeli Sybil (Rtldg.) 295 ‘Poor Ireland!’ said Gerard. ‘ Well, I think the frieze-coats might give us a helping hand now, and employ the troops at least.’ 1886 Hall Caine Son of Hagar n. xvi, Paul had thrown on a long frieze ulster. te* 1589 Pappe w. Hatchet (1844) 39 Such frize jestes uppon fustion earnest. Frieze (frfz), sb. 2 Arch. Forms: 5 fres, 6 frise, fryse, 6-7 frese, 6-9 frize, 7 freese, 7-8 freeze, 8 freze, 7- frieze, [a. Fr. frise fern., which (with Sp. friso masc.) is prob. related in some way to the synonymous It .fregio masc., also ‘ border, fringe, ornament *L. Phrygium (sc. opus ) a Phrygian work (cf. Phrygix vestes embroi¬ dered garments).] 1 . That member in the entablature of an order which comes between the architrave and cornice. Also in extended sense (see quot. 1850). 1563 Shute Archil. D iv b, The Architraue, frise, and Cornish. .Zophorus, which we cal y« frese. 1644 Evelyn Mem. (1857) F xio The room .. is tapestried with crimson damask .. the frieze above rarely painted. 1656 Davenant Siege of Rhodes 1. Dram. Wks. 1873 III. 255 In the middle of the freese was a compartiment, wherein was written Rhodes. 1726 Leoni Designs Pref. 2/1 Makes the projec¬ tion of the Architrave.. hide the Freze. 1762-71 H. Walpole Vertue's A need. Paint. (1786) II. 57 note, The .. frieze adorned in stucco with sea-monsters, a 1774 Goldsm. Descr. Author s Bed Chamb. 17 With beer and milk arrears, the frieze [of a mantel-piece] was scored. 1812-16 J. Smith Panorama Sc. <$• Art I. 158 Stiffly ornamented friezes. 1850 Parker Gloss. Archil, (ed. 5) 221 Any horizontal broad band which is occupied by sculpture may be correctly termed a frieze (and is so by architectural writers), whether it form part of an entablature or be placed in any other posi¬ tion. 1852 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Madonna (1857) 148 A frieze of angelic boys ornaments the alcove. b. A band of painted or sculptured decoration. 1847 Disraeli Tancred 1. vi, They entered the ball-room ..the walls of looking-glass, enclosing friezes of festive sculpture. 1851 Layard Pop. Acc. Discov. Nineveh xiii. 344 A thin coat of plaster, on which were painted figures and ornamental friezes. 2 . a. In a column (also frieze of the capital) = Hypotrachelium. b. In a cannon: The encircling ring immediately behind the cornice-ring (see Cor¬ nice 4). 1 569-91 Spenser Vis. Bellay iv, The chapters Alablaster, the fryses christall. 1663 Gerbier Counsel 32 The Freese, Gul or Throat. 1692 Copt. Smith's Seamans Gram. 11. vi. 94 C is the Freeze [of a cannon]. 1711 Pope Temp. Fame 142 The freezes gold, and gold the capitals. 3 . attrib. and Comb., as frieze-work. Also + frieze-orders pi ., those in which a frieze is always a part of the entablature ; frieze-panel, ( a ) one of the uppermost panels of a six-panelled door; (b) the lower part of a gun-port (Adm. Smyth); frieze-rail, the rail below the frieze-panels. 1663 Gerbier Counsel 31 Any of the *Frese orders. 1678 Moxon Mech. Exerc. I. 106 The *Friese Pannel above the *Friese Rail. 1859 Gwilt Encycl. Arch. (ed. 4) 568 In¬ doors, the upper rails are called top rails ; the next in descending, frize rails.. The panels are also named from their situations on the door ; thus CC, being the uppermost, are called frize panels. 1772-84 Cook Voy. (1790) V. 1773 Nothing is to be seen without a kind of *freeze-work, or a representation of some animal upon it. Hence Friezed ppl . a. [-ed 2 ], furnished with a frieze; Friezeless a ., having no frieze. 1819 Wiffen Aonian Hours (1820) 76 Night’s shrieking bird Flaps the friezed window with her wing. 1852 Willis Summer Cruise m Medit. xl. 244 Some friezeless portico. Frieze (fnz), vP Forms : see Frieze sb. 1 [ad. F. friser or Sp. frisar ; perh. identical with the vb. of the same form represented by Frieze v . 2 : see Frizz vP] 1 . trans. To cover with a nap ; = Cotton vP i. Obs. exc. Hist. x 5 ° 9 * x 557 [see Friezed///. a}]. 1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 15 Many poore people haue ben well set a worke .. with dressing & frising of the said cottons. 1591 [see Cotton v. 1 1]. i6ox [see Friezed ppl. a. 1 1]. 1685 Loud. Gaz. No. 2009/8 For Beautifying of Cloth, .by Napping and Freezing the same without Honey. 1885 Fortn. in Waggonette 61 There were mills for scouring, fulling, and friezing cloth. + 2 . ^ Frizz vP (q. v. for examples in the forms freeze, frize). Obs. + 3 . To brush lightly over. ( — F.friser ‘effleu- rer’, Littre.) Cf. Frizzle vP 3. Obs. 1622 Peacham Compl. Gent. 115 For Leather, .take yellow Oker .. and where you will have it darker, by degrees, mix Umber with it, and when you have wrought it over, take a broad Pencil and frieze it over with Umber. 4 . Comb., t frieze-board (see quot.). 1688 R. Holme Armoury 111. 348/1 The [Clothiers] Frise Board is that by which the Cloth after it is sheared hath a Nap or Curl put upon it. Hence Frie’zing vbl. sb. ; also attrib. 1565 Act 8 Eliz. c. 7 § 4 No Person, .shall use or exercise the Faculty of Frizing or Cottoning. 1694 Lond. Gaz. No. 2985/4 A new built Water-Mill, .containing, .a Fryzing Mill, a Raising Mill for Cloth. Frieze (friz), vP [ad. F.friser, related to frise Frieze sb. 2 ; chiefly in pa. pple. frisi, whence med. \j. fnsdtus embroidered (with gold).] 1 . trans. To embroider with gold; to work (gold) into arabesques, etc. Now rare. 1577-87 [see Friezed ppl. a." 2 ]. 1881 Academy 28 May 400/2 A magnificent screen—golden in hue and patterned and friezed in exquisitely delicate arabesque. 2 . Naut. (See quots.) 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1776), Freezing , a sort of ornamental painting on the upper part of a ship’s quarter, stern or bow. It consists generally of armour, instruments of war, marine emblems etc. 1771 Rear Admiral J. Montagu To Secretary of Admiralty 15 Apr., An order to the Navy Board ‘ for his Majesty’s ship Captain to be freezed on the quarters', c 1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 120 Friezing, ornamental carving or painting above the drift-rails, and likewise round the stern or bow. 3 . To cover (a silver plate) with chased patterns. Now used by workmen with reference to ‘frosted work’, and associated with Freeze v. 1678 Loud. Gaz. No. 1301/4 Lost.. A round Gold Watch ..the Dial plate freezed with a little knot in the middle. 1683 Ibid. 1800/4 A round Silver Watch..with a Freiz’d Dial-Plate. 1684 Ibid. 1938/4 A Silver Watch with .. long frized Hours on the Dyal Plate. Frieze, Friezeadow: see Freeze, Frizado. Friezed (fnzd), ppl. a. 1 Obs. exc. Hist. [f. Frieze v . 1 and sb . 1 + -ed.] 1 . Of cloth : Having a nap ; = Cottoned i. 1509 Bury Wills (Camden) 112, I wyll y l euery poor man and womandwellyng in myalmesse howsyn have, .a flrysed rosat gown. 1557 ) 4 c/ 4 <$• 5 Phil. «$• Mary c. 5 § 12 Upon Pain of Forfeiture for every Welsh Cotton or Lining frised or cottoned to the contrary, vj. s. viij. d. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 227 About Istria and Liburnia, the sheeps fleece resembleth haire rather than wooll, nothing at all good for to make frized clothes with a high nap. 1721 C. King Brit. Merch. I. 291 Pennistones freized. 1865 Dircks Mrq. Wore. iv. 37 The term being applied to garments having long wool, then said to be friezed. 2 . Of a plant: Downy; = Cottoned 2. 1578 Lyte Dodoens in. x. 328 Rha (as it is thought) hath great broade leaues .. white and fryzed underneath. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 1. xxxvi. § 1. 51 A fringe .. downe the middle of the lower leaves, .tipped or frized. + Friezed, ppl. a . 2 Obs. In 6 frised, frized. [See Frieze v.' 2 ] Of gold: Wrought into orna¬ mental patterns. Of cloth: Embroidered or other¬ wise adorned with patterns in gold. i 577 _ 87 Holinshed Chron. III. 805/2 Fret with frised gold. Ibid. 807/1 A tree of gold, the branches and boughes frised with gold. 1587 Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1338/1 A canopie of cloth of gold frized. Friezer (frrzoi). Forms: 6 friser, 6-9 frizer. [f. Frieze vP + -er *.] One who friezes cloth. X S 57 [see Cottoner i]. 1565 Act 8 Eliz. c. 7 § 1 Six hun¬ dred Persons of the Art or Science of Sheermen or Frizers. 1871 Gd. Words 608 The drapers, cottoners, and frizers of Shrewsbury. Friezy, a. [f. Frieze sbP + -Y 1 .] Clad in frieze. 1849 Alb. Smith Pottleton Leg. 35 A rough, friezy man brought in some uncouth leathern bags.. 1855 Chamb. Jrnl. IV. 153 Friezy hairy groups, .wondering at us. t Frig, v. Obs. Also frigg. [? Onomatopoeic alteration of F rike v. ; cf. F ridge, F ig, F idge vbs. ] 1 . intr. To move about restlessly; to agitate the body or limbs. Cf. Fridge v . 1. c 1460 Townclcy Myst . (Surtees) 313 A welle blawen bowke thise frygges as frogges. 1598 E. Gilpin Skial. (1878) 51 Marke how Seuerus frigs from roome to roome. 1653 Urquhart Rabelais 1. xi, He would, .be often in the dumps, and frig and wriggle it. 1658 Rowland Moufet's Thcat. Ins. 955 How ridiculously the barbarous people when they are bitten will frig and frisk. 1719 D’Urfey Pills IV. 124 O ! how they do frig it, Jump it and Jigg it. 2 . trans . To rub, chafe: = Fridge v. 3. a 1529 Skelton E. Rummyng 178 The bore .. His rumpe ..he frygges Agaynst the hye benche. ai 605 Polwart Fly ting w. Montgomerie 724 Except I were to frig thee with whin stanes. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk <$• Selv. Ep. Ded., As long as the Summers warmth holds on to cocker them, and the days heat to frigge and chafe them [flowers and insects]. 3 . Comb., as frig-beard. 1708 Motteux Rabelais v. v. 164 Shavers and Frig-beards. Hence + Tri gging vbl. sb. Also + Tri gger. c 1560 A. Scott Poems (S. T. S.) 21 Sum luvis lang trollie lolly, And sum of frigging fane. 1598 Florio, Menamenti, stirrings, friggings. 1659 Torriano, Frugatoio. .a frigger, a clown, a wriggler up and down. Frigate (fri'g/t). Forms : 6-7 fregate, -att, -ot, frig(g)ot(e, -tt, 6-9 frigat, (6 frygatte, 7 fricket, friggatt, -ett), 6- frigate. Also 6 in It. form fragatta [ad. Fr .frigate, ad. It .fregata, fragata, — Sp., Pg., Cat .fragata. The ultimate etymology is unknown, the hypothesis of Diez, that it represents a late L. fabriedta in the sense * building' (cf. F. batiment building, ship), being generally rejected by recent scholars.] 1 . A light and swift vessel, orig. built for rowing, afterwards for sailing. Obs. exc. poet. 1585 T. Washington tr. NicJtolay's Voy. 1. ii. 2 b, With a frigat to accompany us and to bring backe newes from us. 1588 Parke tr. Mendoza's Hist. China 151 All which people were embarked in small ships and two frygattes [printed foygattes]. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 1. iii And toward Sunne set, the castle sent a Fragatta vnto vs, to giue vs warning of three Foistes comming after vs. 1613 Sherley Trav. Persia 8 Perceiving a Fregat a farre off, rowing towards vs. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India <$• P. 106 The other are Frigats fit to Row or Sail. 1732 Lediard Scthos II. viii. 171 He promis’d..to furnish him..with a frigat to carry him..to the port. 1810 Scott Lady of L. 1. xxiv, Permit me.. to guide Your fairy frigate o’er the tide. 2 . Applied to a vessel of larger size. fa. A merchantman. Also galleon frigate. Obs. 1624 Capt. Smith Virginia v. 180 They sent one of the two Frigats last left with them for England. a 1674 Clarendon Hist. Reb. ix. § 115 They .. had at that time another Frigat of Mr. Hasduncks. 1723 Lond. Gaz. No. 6142/2, of the Craggs Frigate. 1800 Naval Chron. 11 .237 Two more galleon frigates were expected. 1894 C. N. Robinson Brit. Fleet 229 Among the nierchant-men serving against the Armada, .was a frigate. fig. 1642 Milton Apol.Smect. (1851)298 He must cut out large docks .. to unlade the foolish frigate of his un¬ seasonable autorities. b. A war-vessel. In the Royal Navy, formerly a vessel of the class next in size and equipment to ships of the line, carrying from 28 to 60 guns on the main deck and a raised quarter-deck and fore¬ castle. As now used, the term no longer denotes a distinct class of vessels, being often applied to ships of much larger size than those that were so designated early in this century. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. <$• Commit). 224 There are con- tinuall fights with the Portugall Frigats. 1641 Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 41 The packet-boat, .a pretty frigate of six guns. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 264 Being with one of the king’s frigates in the Baltic. 1825 J. Neal Bro. Jonathan III. 43 Without a single ship of war, frigate or sloop, to encounter a powerful navy. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk ., Donkey frigate, those of 28 guns, frigate-built; that is, having guns protected by an upper deck, with guns on the quarter-deck and forecastle. 1877 W. Thomson Voy. Challenger I. i. 11 She has all the accommodation of a frigate with the handiness and draught of water of a corvette. 3 . A large swift-flying raptorial bird ( Fregata aquila or Tachypetes aquilus), found near land in the tropical and warmer temperate seas. Also frigate-bird, - petrel . 1738 Albin Nat. Hist. Birds III. 75 The Frigate Bird. The Indians call it so, because of the Swiftness of its Flight. 1756 Phil. Trans. XLIX. 627 The sea-birds, called frigates ..quit the air, and seek the shore. 1837 Mrs. Caulfeild Deluge 94 At his side The kingly eagle, frigat, pelican. 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. vi. (1878) 142 No one except Audubon has seen the frigate-bird .. alight on the surface of the ocean. 1895 Daily News 16 Sept. 6/2 The Frigate Petrel.. a specimen was washed up dead on the shore of Walney Island in November 1890. 4 . attrib. and Comb., as frigate-almshouse (nonce- wd.), fashion ; frigate-like adj. and adv. Also frigate-built a., having ‘ a descent of some steps from the quarter-deck and forecastle into the waist * (Adm. Smyth); frigate-bird, -petrel (see 3). ^ 1657 Lovelace Poems (1864) 201 Have you not seen a charact lie A great cathedral in the sea, Under whose Baby¬ lonian walls A small thin *frigot almshouse stalls? 1676 Lond. Gaz. No. 1130/4 VivaOranga of St. Malo’s, Burthen 50 Tuns .. *Frigat built. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 213 A small frigate-built vessel. 1863 P. Barry Dock - yard Econ. 75 A ship of more than usually heavy scantling, and with a variety of foreign timber judiciously distributed in all its parts, might have fairly claimed to be frigate-built. 1641 Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 18 Phineas Pett, inventor of the *fngate-fashion of building. 1676 Loiid. Gaz. No. 1077/4 A small Bark, called the Castle Frigat of Falmouth, burthen 25 to 30 Tun, built *Frigat like. 1708 Ibid. No. 4398/3 Captain Haddock, .got Sight, .of two Frigat-like Ships. Frigatooil (frigat/ 7 'n). [ad. It .fregatone, aug¬ mentative oifregata Frigate.] (See quot.) ‘Also applied to a ship sloop-of-war ’ (Adm. Smyth). 1721 Bailey, Frigatoon, a Venetian Vessel, built with a square Stern without any Fore-mast, having only a Main- Mast, Mizen-Mast and Bow-sprit. [Hence in mod. Diets.] t Fri’gefact, V. Obs.~ l [ad. V. frigefact-are, i. frige-re to be cold + fact- ppl. stem of facere to make.] trans. To chill. So + Fri’gefacted///. a. [see -ed 1 ], made frigid ; + Trigefaction [see -ion or -tion], the action or process of chilling; f Frigefa’ctive a. [see -ive], chilling. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouers Bk. Pity sic ke 21/2 If it be a Foote or a Legge which is in this sorte frigefacted, I then take my beginning of circumuolutione at the knees to the bodye vpwardes. 1651 Biggs New Disp.f 192 Frigefactive and positive power. £-1656 Ussher Ann. vi. (1658) 279 Taking a huge draught of frigifacted wine. 1656 Blount Glossogr., FrigeJ'action, a making cool. 1660 H. More Myst. Godliness vii. xv. 340 Saturn .. is in an high degree frigefactive, as also exsiccative. 1673 Phil. Traits. VIII. 6132 All these to be further examined by Contusion, Agita¬ tion, Frigefaction. 1684 Ibid. XIV. 769 The severity of the Air’s frigefactive power. t Fri'gefy, v. Obs . Also frigify. [ad. med. L. *frlgeficare, f. frigere to be cold: see -fy.] FRIGERATE. 549 FRIGHTFULNESS. 1 . trans. To make cold ; to cool. Hence Frrgefied, Frrgefying ppl. adjs. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer s Bk. Physicke 44/1 Then infuse her in frigefyed water. Ibid. 226/1 She must eschewe .. of Onions, Apples, Peares, Oranges, and of all other frigifyinge fruictes. 1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alph ., Frigifie , coole, make cold. 1657 Tomlinson Renou’s Disp. 153 When any want a Medicament that califies or frigifies. 2 . intr. To become cold. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer s Bk. Physicke 2/1 Let them seeth sufficiently in water, and then let it somwhat frigifye. + Fri'gerate, v. Obs.— ° ff. L. frige rat- ppl. stem of frtgerdre to cool, i.frigiis : see Frigid and -ATE.] trails. To make frigid; to cool. SofPri- g-era tion Obs.~ 1 [see -ation], the action or pro¬ cess of cooling; + Fri geratory Obs.~° [see -ORY], see quot. 1656-81 Blount Glossogr., Frigerale, to cool. Frigeratory, a Cooling-house, or place. >21691 Boyle Hist. A irxl. (1632) 248 Which wonderful Change I should not so much ascribe to a F rigeration of the Air.. as to some nitrous.. Exhalations. Friggle (frrg’l), v. [frequentative of Frig.] intr. f a. To jerk oneself about; to wriggle, b. dial. To fribble, to fuss. Hence Frrggling///. a. 1621 S. Ward Happin. Pract. (1627) 44 Is it harder for vs to cut off the higgling taile of that Hydra of Rome? 1626 J. Yates Ibis ad Csss. 1. 6 Though the head of this Hydra was cut off, yet it had still a frigling taile. 1848 A. B. Evans Leicestersh. IVords, etc., Friggle, to be tediously particular over a thing. .She friggies so long at it. Fright (frait), sb. Forms: i fyrhto, -u {Northumb, fryhto, fyrihto), 3-4 frijt, 5 fry^t, fr6y(h)t(e, -th, 7-fright. [QJL.fryhto, ametathetic form (recorded only in Northumb.) of fyrhto , ~u — Goth, faurhtei:—' OTeut. *furhtin- wk.fem., noun of state or quality from *furhto-, forhio - adj., afraid (Goth .faurhts, OS. foroht,for(a)ht, OHG.foraht , OE .forht). The other WGer. langs. have a synony¬ mous derivative of the same root; OFris. fruchta, OS. for(a)hta (MDu. vrucht(e, vrocht ), OHG. for(a)hta(fA.YlG.vorhte i m.o(\.GzT.fiircht') OTeut. *( fur hid, -611-) forhtci, - on - str. and wk. fern.] 1 . + a. In OE.: Fear in general (jobs.), b. In ME. and in mod. use : Sudden fear, violent terror, alarm. An instance of this. Phr. to take fright. <7825 Vesp. Hyvinsx ii. 13 Dylaes fiondes $es efestgan facne fyrhtu stille awecce. c 1000 Ags. Ps. liv. 20 [lv. 19] Nehim Godes fyrhtu £eorne ondraedaft. C1250 Gen. <$• Ex. 1234 His moder wurcS ne3 dead for frist. c 1325 Body <$• Soul in Map's Poems (Camd.) 338 Ne thorte us have fri^t ne fen, that God ne wolde his blisse us sent, c 1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 948 Tho the knave hadde a fry3t. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 177/2 Freyhte, or feer .. timor,pavor , terror. 1604 Shaks. Oth. 11. iii. 232 Least by his clamour. .TheTowne might fall in fright. 1609 Holland Amin. Marcell. xxix. xii. 369 The Mazices..thus beaten down in sundry slaughters, in a foule fright, brake their arraies. 1654 Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camden) II. 96 The greate advance made into this countrye had noe other ende then by giving a generall fright. 1770 Junius Lett, xxxviii. 189 note, The minister took fright. 1791 Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest iv, In my fright.. I forgot to take the roundabout way. 1837 W. Irving Capt. Bonneville III. 221 The antelopes, nearly exhausted with fatigue and fright .. made no effort to break through the ring of the hunters. 1847 Tennyson Princ. vi. 351 An echo started up..and died of fright in far apartments. 2 . f Anything that causes terror (obs.). Hence ( colloq .) a person or thing of a shocking, grotesque, or ridiculous appearance. 1634 W. Tirwhyt tr. Balsac's Lett. i. 8 Hide my selfe here with your good favour..than to beare a shew therewith their frights and soure lookes. 1661 Boyle Style of Script. (1675) 27 As a skilful fowler..catches, .some with frights, as black-birds with a sparrow-hawk or a low-bell. 1751 Mrs. Delany Let. to Mrs. Dezves in Life <$■ Corr. 50 A friend .. who is working a fright of a carpet! 1809 Miss Mitford in L’Estrange Life (1870) I. 76 The present race of young men are such a set of frights. 1832 E. Ind. Sketch Bk. II. 174 To be sure., the women are sad frights, very yellow, and mostly so lean. 1864 H. Ainsworth John Law in. iii, ‘You mustn’t marry that ridiculous old fright she whispered. U 3 . ? Misused for Fret sb. 1668 in Boyle Hist. Air xv. (1692) 85 The Storm had seven Paroxysms or Exacerbations, which the Seamen call Frights of Weather. Fright (frait),a. Forms: ifyrhtan {Northumb. fyrhta, fryhta), 3 fri^ten, 5,9 Sc. fricht, 6 frite, 6- fright. Pa. pple. 9 dial. frit. [OE. *fryhian (Northumb. fryhta), metathetic var. of fyrhtan, corresp. to OFris. fruchta, OS. forhtian (MDu. vruchteri), OWId. forhten,furhten (MHG .vurhten, mod.Ger. fiirchteii), Goth, faurhtjan OTeut. *furhtjan to fear, f. *furhto- ( forhio -) afraid. (OE. had also forhtian = OS . forhtSn, of the same mean¬ ing but differing conjugation). The factitive sense ‘ to terrify ’ is peculiar to Eng.] + 1- intr. To be afraid, to fear. Obs. c 1000 Durham Rit. (Surtees) 102/21 Du doest 3 a fyrhta, facis earn tremere. c 1250 Gen. Ex. 1861 Oc michil he fri^tede for- 5 i bo 5 en symeon and leui. Ibid. 3978 DI103 3 e asse spac, fri3tede he no3t. 2 . trails . To affect with fright; to scare, terrify. Now rare exc. poet, and Sc .; in ordinary language its place has been taken by frighten. cgoo tr. Baeda's Hist. iv. iii. (1890)268 Gif.. J? unorra de eoroan and lyfte brae^den and fyrhten. 1423 Jas. I Kingis Q. clxii, I ne wist quhat to done, so was I fricht. 1580 Sidney Ps. ix. xiii, With terrors greate, O Lord, doe thou them fright. 1628 Hobbes Thucyd. (1822) 23 The likelihood of the war wherewith the Corcyreans frighting you go about [etc.]. 1700 Penn in Pa. Hist.Soc. Mem. iX. 9 Those that fired upon the Indians, and frighted them. 1773 Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. 1. i, Frighting the maids, and worrying the kittens. 1821 Clare Fill. Minstr. II. 196 The coy hare squats nestling in the corn, Frit at the bow’d ear tott’ring o’er her head. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. lxxxii, No lower life that earth’s embrace May breed with him, can fright my faith. 1869 C. Gibbon R. Gray iv, 4 Ye needna be frichted, mither, he’s just got himsel hurt’. absol. 1748 Johnson Vanity of human Wishes 148 Should no. .difficulty fright. b. With complement : To scare away , etc. 1592 Shaks. Rom. <$• Jul. iv. v. 11 Heele fright you vp yfaith. 1637 B. Jonson Sad Sheph. 1. ii, Except Love’s fires the vertue have To fright the frost out of the grave, a 1643 Suckling Acc. Relig. Ep. (1646) 1, I send you that Discourse which frighted the Lady into a cold sweat. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. iv. xlvi. 373 Would fright them from Obeying the Laws. 1667 Milton P. L. xi. 121 Of a Sword the flame Wide waving, all approach farr off to fright. 1678 Wanley Wond. Lit. World v. i. § 97. 468/1 Charles the fifth, .frighted Solyman the Turk from Vienna. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. t 67 The God..who frights away, With his Lath Sword, the Thieves and Birds of Prey. 1697 Bp. Patrick Comm. Exod. ix. 27 A Man distracted and frighted out of his Wits. 1705 Stanhope Paraphr. (1709) IV. 558 A Refractory People might be frighted into good Manners. 1719 Watts 4 There is a land of pure delight Not Jordan’s stream, nor death’s cold flood, Should fright us from the shore. 1779-81 John¬ son L. P., Thomson Wks. IV. 170 He accompanied the players by audible recitation, till a friendly hint frighted him to silence. 1821 Keats Lamia 1.5 Before King Oberon’s bright diadem .. Frighted away the Dryads and the Fauns From rushes green. Hence Frrghting vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 1631 Denison Heav. Bang. 188 Frightings and terrors. 1648 Gage West Ind. xxi. 188 How did I sometimes look upon Deaths frighting visage? 1650 W. Brough Sacr. Princ. (1659) Their triviall and frighting argument. 1663 J. Spencer Prodigies (1665) 29 God hath now, in a great measure, left frighting of men to Heaven by visible terrors. 1674 J. B[rian] Harv. Home iii. 19 Frighting fearfull terrors. Frightable (frsi’tab’l), a. rare~ l . [f. Fright v. + -able.] Capable of being frightened. 1832 Carlyle Let. 31 Aug. in Froude Life (1882) II. 306 Medical men can do nothing except frighten those that are frightable. Frighted (froi-ted), ppl. a. [f. Fright v . + -ed !.] Affected with fright, scared. 1647 Trapp Mellif. Theolog. in Comm . Epist. 727 As a frighted worme wriggles into its hole. 1650 W. Brough Sacr. Princ. (1659) 4.8o The sinner, .must be [penitent] not from a frighted phansie. 1700 Dennis Iphigenia 49 Frighted Wolves, with dreadful Howl, Her dire approach declare. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) II. x. 61 The man must think he has a frighted fool to deal with. 1839 Longf. Hesperus vii, She shuddered., like a frighted steed. 1870 Bryant Iliad II. xxii. 311 Driven within the city walls Like frighted fawns. 51 b. Of a region or space : Pervaded with fear. Milton’s frighted deep is echoed by later writers. 1667 Milton P. L. ii. 994 Such a numerous host Fled not in silence through the frighted deep. 1715-20 Pope Iliad xiv. 446 Like lightning flashing through the frighted Skies. <11780 Blake Tiriel vii. 1 She..led him over mountains and through frighted vales. 1808 J. Barlow Columb. 11. 207 Ere Rome’s first Eagle clave the frighted air. Hence Frightedly adv., in a frighted manner. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) IV. lix. 395 An accent rather frightedly and hoarsely inward than shrifly clamorous. Frighten (frai't’n), v. [f. Fright + -en s. A late formation, which has taken the place of the earlier Fright v.~\ trans. To throw into a fright ; to terrify; = Fright v. 2. 1666 Pepys Diary 4 Sept., Which at first did frighten people more than any thing. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. x. 280 But even that was a Voyage enough to frighten us, considering our scanty Provisions. 1791 Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest x, I am sorry I frightened you so last night. 1842 Abdy Water Cure (1843) 206 These lunatics .. never frighten women, or children. 1883 Froude Short Stud. IV. 1. vi. 65 In fearing that England would go into schism the pope was frightened by a shadow. b. With complement: To scare into , out of, etc. 1691 W. Nicholls Answ. Naked Gospel 47 They were frightened to it by the Arms and Threats of the Souldiers. 1700 S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 278 [They] thought by Fire and Sword, .to frighten him out of his Kingdom. 1726 Shf.lvocke Voy. round World (1757) 116 They frighten them into the most laborious submission. 1806-7 J- Beres- ford Miseries Hum. Life xxi. xv, Paying handsomely, .to be canted out of your saddle, and frightened out of your wits. 1883 Froude Short Stud. IV. 11. i. 168 The French Revolution had frightened all classes out of advanced ways of thinking. 1890 Spectator 1 Nov. 583/1 Manufacturers.. are frightened to death at the., rise in prices. . 1891 Daily News 23 Nov. 2/6 There are no stocks to frighten down prices. 1892 Law Times XCII. 394/2 Evidently the idea was to frighten and terrorise the lady into paying. Hence Frightening’ vbl. sb. and ppl. a. Also Frightenable a., capable of being frightened; Frightener, one who or that which frightens. 1715 Burnet Hist. Ref. III. 390 note , I do not find there was any frightning Threatnings. 1812 Coleridge Lit. Rem. (1836) I. 362 Man as .. a frightenable being. 1841 Col. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 195 A bird frightener from Southampton. 1850 Mrs. F. Trollope Petticoat Govt. 32 You do not look so frightenable as my Aunt does, c 1854 Faber Hymn , Predestination vi, And still the frightening echoes grow, As it goes sounding on. — Divine Favours v, Why didst Thou come so frighteningly. 1865 English¬ man's Mag. Oct. 298 The. number and variety of living things is positively frightening. * Frightened (froi-t’nd), ppl. a. [f. prec. + -ed 1 .] That is put into a flight; affected with fright. Also fig. a 1721 Prior Lady's Looking-glass 16 Big waves lash the frighten’d shores.. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xi, He suffered the frightened girl to spring to the ground. 1863 Geo. Eliot Romola 1. xx, Her face wore a frightened look, as if she dreaded the effect of her boldness. 1885 Athenaeum 2 May 561/3 The police, .turn the frightened inmates out of their beds. b. Const, at. In recent colloquial use frightened of (cf. ‘afraid of’) is common ; frightened for in the same sense is Sc. 1827 Carlyle Germ. Romance II. 123, I saw thee running .. but thou wert frightened for our little dog. 1830 Whewell in Todhunter Acct. Whewell's Writ. (1876) II. 108, 1 cannot but be vexed that..you should set seriously about being frightened of my own worshipful self. 1858 Sat. Rev. VI. 310/2 It is not usual for educated people to perpetrate such sentences as .. 4 1 was frightened of her ’. 1881 Mrs. Moles- worth Herr Baby 113 Baby was at first terribly frightened of him. 1890 [see the vb.] 1897 Daily Nezvs 8 Apr. 11/1 What were you frightened at ? Hence Frightenedly adv. 1884 E. Fawcett Rutherford xxiv. 294 She was on the verge of drawing away from her frightenedly. 1891 H. Her¬ man.// is A ngel 10 Looking out.. not in the least frightenedly, but inquiringly. + Fri'ghter. Obs. [f. Fright v. + -er 1 .] One who or that which causes fright or scares away. Feverfrighter : = Febrifuge. ci6ii Chapman Iliad x hi. 279 And is of such strength that in war the frighter he affrights. 1683 Salmon Doron Med. 11. 586 The Fever ‘frighter’ of Dr. Riverius. 1693 — Bate's Pharm. (1713) 277/2 'Tis a famous Ague Frighter, seldom or never failing the Cure at some few Doses taking. Frightful (frai'tful), a. [f. Fright sb. + - ful.] + 1 . subjectively . Full of terror; timid; alarmed. c 1250 Gen. $ Ex. 3459 Sis fri3[t]ful [folc] Sus a-biden, Quiles Sis daises for[S] ben gliden. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. xiii. 215 The wild and frightfull Heards .. Feed fairely on the Launds. 1677 Gilpin Demonol. (1867) 168 The heart is apt to be startled with threatenings .. especially those that are of a more tender and frightful spirit. 1765 Foote Commissary 11. Wks. 1799 II. 24 These Bourgois are so frightful. 1802 Mrs. J. West Infidel Father III. 332, I am so frightful at being in a murderer’s house. Comb. 1718 Rowe tr. Lucan 245 Ghastly, and frightful- pale her Face is seen. 2 . objectively, a. Tending to cause fright; alarm¬ ing. Const, to. ? Obs. 1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. 11. ii. Wks. 1878 II. 64 It fell so without fright-full word. 1690 J. Mackenzie Siege London-Deny 31/1 It was then a little more frightful to our people than afterwards. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 349 Any. .ravenous creature, .which .. were frightful to the deer. 1812 Shelley Addr. Irish People 8 Is danger frightful to an Irishman who speaks for his own liberty? b. Horrible to contemplate, shocking, dreadful, revolting. Often hyperbolically applied to bad or annoying things ; cf. awful, fearful, terrible , etc. 4 A cant word among women for anything unpleasing/ (J.). 1700 S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 295 Sea-Devils or Sand-Creepers are 5 or 6 yards long, with a frightful Head. x 733 Pope Ep. to Cobham 250 One would not, sure, be frightful when one’s dead. 1752 Hume Ess. Treat. (1777) I. 199, I need not recount the frightful effects of jealousy. 1756 Nugent Gr. Tour, Germany II. 301 A high tower, from whence he sounds a frightful horn. 1827 Macaulay Macchiav. Ess. (1850) 33 The annals of France and England present us only with a frightful spectacle of poverty, bar¬ barity and ignorance. 1879 Froude Caesar xii. 162 The Clodius business had been a frightful scandal. f 3 . quasi-j#. (fill)— frightful adjuncts or acces¬ sories. 1727 De Foe Secrets Invis. World (1735) xiii. 329 If he [the Devil] will come in all his Formalities and Frightfuls, he would not be capable of half so many Cozenings and Cheatings as he now puts upon us. Frightfully (frartfuli), adv. [f. Frightful 4- -ly 2 .] In a frightful manner; to a frightful degree. + 1 . subjectively . In a manner indicating fright; timidly. Obs. 1621 Lady M. Wroth Urania 237 She, as if her enemy had been at hand, amazedly and frightfully answered [etc.]. 1653 H. More Antid. Ath. 11. xii. (1712) 82 To run away from a snail, and very ruefully and frightfully to look back. 1674 Brevint Saul at Endor 55 [He] cryed out frightfully, Who art thou ? 2 . objectively. + a. qualifying a vb.: Like a * fright *; hideously. Obs. 1729 Swift Lady's Jrnl.Afi Then to her glass; and, 4 Betty, pray Don’t I look frightfully to-day?’ 1752 Johnson Rambler No. 193. ? 8 The Beauty remarks how frightfully she looks. b. To a frightful extent or degree. Often hyper¬ bolically as a mere intensive with adjs. of unfavour¬ able connotation. Cf. Frightful 2. 1817 J. Scott Paris Revis. (ed. 4) 350 Their reverses made one feel the place frightfully unsafe. 1828 Lady Granville Lett. 22 Nov. (1894) II. 36 His thirst for know¬ ledge is frightfully minute. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 252 His cheeks..grew frightfully livid. Ibid. 275 His features were frightfully harsh. 1870 Dickens E. Drood ii, You look frightfully ill. 1880 Mrs. Forrester Roy fy V . I. 65 We English are frightfully wanting in tact. Frightfulness (frsi-tfulnes). [f. as prec. + -ness!] The quality or state of being frightful, fa. The state of being filled with fright (obs.). b. The quality of causing fright; hideousness. 1621 Lady M. Wroth Urania 401 Her face sad and per¬ plexed, shewing frightfulnesse so perfectly. 1633 Be. Hall FRIGHTLESS. 550 FRIKE. Hard Texts 453 Express a frightfulness and an amazed suspicion of the approach of an enemy. 1684 tr. Bond's Merc. Comp it. ix. 333 Is Wormwood good for frightfulness? 1713 Nelson Dr. Bull Introd. (1840) 7 All this serveth chiefly to cover the frightfulness of mortality. Frigh.tless(frai - tles),a. [f. Fright jA + -less.] Free from fright, without fear. 1606 Marston Sophonisba iv. i, I speake all frightles. t Frrghtly, adv. Obs. [f. * fright, contracted pa. pple. of Fright v. + -ly 2 . Cf. Frightily under Frighty.] In a frighted maimer. c 1250 Gen. <$• Ex. 3870 Ic wene fr^tlike Sat he do. c 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees; 152, I was castyn in care so frightly afrayd. Frightment (frartment). rare. [f. Fright v. + -ment.] a. The state of being in a fright, b. Something that causes fright. 1607 Dekker Weslw. Hoe Wks. 1873 H. 338 All these frightments are but idle dreames. 1647 W. Browne tr. Polex- ander hi. 11. 62 Bellerophon came on for all the turbulency and furious frightments of his horse. 1649 Drumm. of Hawth. Poems Wks. (1711) 46. Sighs, plaints, horrors, frightments, .. Invest these mountains. 1831 J. Wilson Unimore vi. 259 Remorse there sends her frightments, Conscience hers. + Fri'ghtness. Obs. [f. *frighl (sec Frightly) + -ness.] The state of being in a fright, panic. c 1425 Eng. Conq, I ret. (E. E. T. S.) 16 Whan the host was in so gret frightnes. Frightsome (frortspm), a, . [f. Fright sb. + -some.J a. Causing fright; frightful, b. Feeling fright, full of fear. c 1817 Hogg Tales Sf Sk. II. 94 How lonely and frightsome —to be left by herself. 1827 Carlyle German Romance I. 306 Edwald and Froda had their own almost frightsome thoughts on the matter. t Frighty, a. In 3 frijti. [f. Fright sb. + -Y L] a. Causing fright, formidable, b. Suffer¬ ing from fright; fearful. Hence + Fri*gh.tihead, fearfulness; Fri'ffhtily adv. c 1250 Gen. Sf Ex. 984 Of him kumen folc fri^ti. Ibid. 1617 Iacob abraid, & seide frijtilike. Ibid. 2222 A 1 he it listnede in fn3tihed. Ibid. 2849 Sephora.. gret, and wente fri3ti a-gen. Frigid (fri'd^id), a. [ad. L. frigid-us , f .frigere to be cold, f. frlgus cold.] 1 . Intensely cold, devoid of heat or warmth, of a very low temperature. 1639 Chapman & Shirley Ball iv. ii, Your eye Will make the frigid region temperate, Should you but smile upon't. 1665 Glanvill Scepsis Set. vii. 35 If. .in a Winter-night, we expose the liquor to the frigid air. 1800 Med. Jrnl. IV. 4 Frigid applications, would .. have induced a spontaneous separation. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. I. 340 In these frigid regions, the scurvy becomes a very alarming disease. Ibid. 362 Frigid winds (or winds blowing over an extensive surface of ice). 1849 Longf. Christmas Carol v, Nuns in frigid cells At this holy tide. 1878 M. A. Brown Nadeschda 47 Like snow on the mountains, So white but yet so frigid. b. Frigid zone : each of the two regions of the globe which lie within the north and south polar circles respectively. [1597 Hartwell Pigafctta's Congo Title-page, The two Zones, Torrida & Frigida .] 1622 Massinger & Dekker Virg. Mart. v. i, I’ll, .hang thee In a contorted chain of icicles In the frigid zone. 1764 Goldsm. Trav. 65 The shudd’ring tenant of the frigid zone, Boldly proclaims that happiest spot his own. i860 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea i. 15 It conveys heat away from the torrid zone and ice from the frigid. + 2 . transf Wanting in sexual vigour; impo¬ tent. Obs. 1660 R. Coke Power Subj. 78 If either party were pre¬ contracted, or frigid; these necessarily preceding the matrimony do dissolve the bond, a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew , Frigid t a weak disabled Husband, cold, impotent. 1732 Swift Beasts' Confession Wks. 1755 IV. 1. 268 He was not much inclin’d To fondness for the female kind .. Not from his frigid constitution, But through a pious resolution. 3 . fig. Destitute of ardour or warmth of feeling, lacking enthusiasm or zeal; cold, indifferent, apathetic; formal, stiff. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriot, v. 27 To be content that times to come should onely know there was such a man, not caring whether they knew more of him, was a frigid ambi¬ tion in Cardan, a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 363 His faint and frigid expressions. thereof manifested his mind rather to betray than defend it. 1750 Johnson Ram- bier No. 18 p 3 The most frigid and inexorable judge. 1751 Ibid. No. 149 p 5 Our reception was rather frigid than malignant. 1807-8 W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 353 Charms that might warm even the frigid heart of a dervise. 1862 Merivale Rom. Emf. (1865) IV. xxxviii. 321 The nobles .. let matters take their course with frigid indifference. 1880 1 . Hardy Trumpet Major III. 224 Anne went home with her, bidding Loveday a frigid adieu. absol. 1762 Foote Orators 11. Wks. 1799 I. 219 You will have at one view,the choleric .. the frigid, the frothy, .and the clamorous. b. Said of things: Chilling, depressing. 1844 Alb. Smith Adv. Mr. Ledbury vi. (1886) 18 The frigid respectability and dilapidated grandeur of the Fau¬ bourg St. Germain. 1888 F. Hume Mail. Midas 1. iv, Placed, not amid the frigid splendours of the drawing room, but. .in his own particular den. c. That leaves the imagination cold; that does not stir the fancy; lacking fire or spirit; dull, flat, insipid. + Formerly also (as L . frigidus), of a reason, argument, etc.: Lacking force or point, senseless, absurd. 1643 Milton Divorce lx. (1851) 46 The pretended reason of it Lib] as frigid as frigidity it self. 1699 Bentley Phalaris 112 Was ever any thing so forced, so frigid, so unworthy of refutation? 1713 Parnell Styles Poetry 65 Bleak level Realm, where Frigid Styles abound, Where neveryet a daring thought was found. 1729 Swift On burning a dull Poem Misc. 1735 V. 48 Methought. .No Vessel but an Ass’s Head Such frigid Fustian could contain. 1839 H. Rogers Ess. II. iii. 138 The one shall impart the most frigid, and the other the most vivid conception of the meaning. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 273 He .. gave vent to his feelings in a hundred and sixty lines of frigid bombast. Hence Fri*gidly adv., Fri/gidness. 1647 Trapp Comm. Mark L 22 And not as the Scribes. Frigidly and jejunely. 1697 Bates Harmony Div. A ttrib. xvii. 322 If in the Platonical Philosophy there are some things directing to it, yet they are but frigidly exprest. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Frigidness, coldness. 1777 Nat. Hist. in Ann. Reg. 89/1 Lands doomed by nature to perpetual frigidness. 1844 Hood Bridge of Sighs xv, Ere her limbs frigidly Stiffen too rigidly. 1883 Black Shandon Bells xxvi, ‘ What I have is quite enough ’, said the .. lady, somewhat frigidly. t Frigidal, a. Obs. rare [f. Frigid + -At.] = Frigid. 1651 Biggs New Dip. r 171 Of a frigidal temper. II Frigidarium (fridgidea-rimn). [L., f. fri- gid-us cold.] The cooling-room in a Roman bath. 1706 in Phillips (ed. Kersey). 1832 Gell Pompeiana I. vi. 95 Here was certainly the frigidarium. 1840 Hood Up Rhine 244 Grown men and women were wading up to their chins in a sort of Frigidarium. b. transf. A room kept at a low temperature. 1892 Q. Rev. Apr. 400 The chief rooms with all their ample fire-places were but miserable frigidaria. 1892 Pall Mall G. 14 Apr. 2/2 Room., for fourteen in the frigidarium [of the Morgue]. + Frigidate, v. Obs. rare — h ff. ppl. stem of L. frigid-are , f. fngid-us Frigid : see -ate 3.] trails. To make frigid. (Cf. infrigidale.') 1691 New Discov. Old Intreague xxxi, Who Frigidated by Distemper’d Hams, His Fiery Zeal for Slavery proclaims. + Fri'gidative, a. Obs. rare- 1 , [f. 'L.frigi- dare : see prec. and -ative.] Cooling. 1659 Macallo Can. Physick 87 The frigidative or cooling remedy. t Frigi'dious, a. Obs. rare— 1 , [irreg. f. Frigid + -(i)ous.] Frigid, intensely cold. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Anagrams <$• Sonn. Wks. 11. 257/1 Frigidious Janus twofold frozen face, Turnes moyst Aquarius into congeal’d yce. Frigidite (frrdsidait). Min. [f. F}igid-o the place where found + -ite.] (See quot.) 1887 Dana Man. Min. 4* Lith. 150 Frigidite is a nickeli- ferous variety [of Tetrahedrite] from the Apuan Alps. Frigidity (fridgrditi). [a. F. frigidity ad. L. frigiditat-em , f. frigidus : see Frigid and -ity.] 1 . The state or condition of being frigid; intense coldness. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 124 And in frigiditie [L. locis frigidis ] Of seed and bayes make the semynary. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Fight at Sea Wks. in. 37 Neither the parching heat of Lybia..or the benumming frigiditie of Groenland. 1659 D. Pell Impr. Sea 274 There is such an intolerable frigidity in some parts under the Poles, as that they cannot bee discovered. 1795 Gentl. Mag. 539/2 It had seemed probable that the intense frigidity of the winter would have destroyed the animalcule. b. In old Physiology: The quality of being frigid or producing frigidness; = Coldness i b. 1574 Newton Health Mag. 44 The great frigiditie and coldnesse of it [Purselayne]. .maye be tempered and qualefied with Minte. 1610 Healey 67 . Aug. Citie of God 438 Our Astronomicall divines say that Saturns frigidity proceedeth from these waters. 1634 T. Johnson Parey's Chirurg. xxvi. vii. (1678) 633 If to the same frigidity remaining in Fruits, a certain humidity accrew. 1750 tr. Leonardus ’ Mirr. Stones 100 As it is of an exceeding cold nature, it does, with its frigidity, convert the air. .into water. c. Lack of natural heat or warmth (of the body). 1631 Gouge God's Arro7vs 11. i. 131 Before David died, such frigidity fell upon him, as with cloathes they could not keepe him warme. 1665 Glanvill Scepsis Sci. xiv. 82 The frigidity of decrepit Age is as much its enemy. 2 . transf. Want of generative heat; impotence. 1586 Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 11. 58 His 1. wife.. wasdeuorced from him for cause of frigiditye. c 1645 Howell Lett. (1650) I. 4 His articulate lady, called so, for articling against the frigidity and impotence of her former Lord. 1645 Mil- ton Colast. Wks. 1738 1 .299 Why are we suffered to divorce Adulteries, Desertions, or Frigidities? 1658 Rowland Moufet's Theat. Ins. 992 Forasmuch as Eunuchs .. make most noise and greater than young persons that are more hot, therefore frigidity cannot be the cause. 3 . fig. Want of warmth of feeling or enthusiasm; apathy, coldness, indifference. a 1631 DoNNE in Select. (1840) 220 This heat may ouercome my former frigidity and coldness. 1771 Johnson Lett, to Mrs. Thrale 20 July, I dare neither write with frigidity nor with fire. 1841 Myers Cath. Th. in. xlv. 173 There is need that the frigidity of the Scholar be exchanged for the genial nature of the dweller in the open sunshine of heaven, i860 Holland Miss Gilbert xvii. 318 ‘She is not, sir’, replied Fanny with excessive frigidity. 1870 Emerson Soc. <$• Solit., Success Wks. (Bohn) III. 128 ,1 seek one who shall make me forget or overcome the frigidities, .into which I fall. b. Lack of imagination ; deficiency in fire or spirit; flatness, insipidity; also quasi -cotter. 1642 Milton Apol. Smect. vi. 33 Having begun loftily, .he falls downe to that wretched poorenesse and frigidity as to talke of Bridge street in heav'n. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. ix. 37 Driving at these as at the highest elegancies, which are but the frigidities of wit. 1763 Fordyce in Four C. Eng. Lett. 286 The polite frigidity of the French drama. 1846 Hawthorne Mosses 1. i. 17 The frigidity of modern productions was characteristic. Frigidize (fri'dgidaiz), v. rare— 1 , [f. Frigid a. + -ize.] trails. To depress (a person) by frigi¬ dity of manner; to make frigid. 1868 D. Rice Gowers of Glename I. 105 Lady Gower .. tried at first to frown her down and frigidize her. + Frigi ferous, a. Obs. rare — In 7 frigi- verous. [badly f. L. frlg-us cold + -(i)fekous.] Bearing or bringing cold ; cold. 1664 Evelyn Sylva (1776) 26 Not exposed to Sulphurous exhalations or Frigiverous winds. + Fri'gitate, v. Obs. rare— 1 , [irregularly f. L. frigus cold.] iillr. To freeze. 1635 Voy. Foxe Sf James to N. West (Hakluyt Soc.) 427 The sea doth keepe it selfe from frigitating. t Frigor . Obs. rare. [a. L.frigor, noun of state from frigere to be cold.] Extreme coldness. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Phys. 183/1 Ther will approach on him a vehement frigor, or coulde. 1603 Owen PembrokeshjiZgi) 121T0 avoyde the frigor of the frozen seas. Frigoric (frigp-rik), sb. and a. [f. "L. frigor-, fri¬ gus cold + -ic. Cf. F .frigorique sb. (Littre Suppl.)."] + A. sb. An imagined ‘ imponderable ’ substance supposed to be the cause of cold. Cf. Caloric. 1812 Monthly Mag. XXXIV. 297 If. .waterhas decreased in temperature, and dilated by the presence of frigoric, why should frigoric. .produce a contrary effect [in mercury]? B. adj. ‘Pertaining to or consisting in the appli¬ cation of cold’ ( Cent. Diet.), rare. 1887 Sci. Amer. N. S. LVI. 178 The conditions under which the frigoric service was to be introduced into the morgue. Frigorific (frigorrfik),a. Physics, [a. Y.fri - gorifique , ad. L. frigonfic-us cooling: see prec. and -fic.] Producing cold, freezing; cooling. 1667 Boyle in Phil. Trans. II. 608 A strongly frigorifick mixture of Ice and Salt. 1685 — Effects of Plot. iv. 41 The Atomists ascribe the freezing of water to the ingress of mul¬ titudes of frigorifick corpuscles. 1789 Citron, in Ann. Reg. 195/1 Quicksilver was again completely frozen.. in a frigorific mixture. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. I. 364 Data for determining the frigorific effect of the ice on the tempera¬ ture of the Pole. 1863 Tyndall Heat x. 277 Rumford main¬ tained with great tenacity the existence of ‘ frigorific rays ’. \>. fig. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 159 p 7 Knowledge and virtue remain too long congealed by this frigorifick power. 1810 Shelley Zastrozzi xiv, A frigorific torpidity of despair chilled every sense. 1867 Bushnell Mor. Uses Dark Th. 195 Their moral nature wants the true frigorific tension of a well-wintered life and experience, t Frigori fical, a. Obs.-f [see-AL.] =prec. 1656 in Blount Glossogr. 1721 in Bailey. Frigorify (frigp-rifsi), v. [f. L. frigor-, frigus cold + -(i)fy.] trails. To cool or make cool. Hence Frigorifying ppl. a. 1851 Carpenter Man. Phys. (ed. 2) 74 Cold-blooded animals, .are provided with a frigorifying rather than with a calorifying apparatus. t Fri’got. Obs. rare— 1 . [? arbitrarily f. Frigid, after bigot, etc.] A person of frigid temperament. 1683 Kennett tr. Erasm. on Folly 26 It is much better patiently to be such a hen-peckt frigot than always to be wrack’d and tortured with, .suspicion and jealousie. Frijoles (in Sp. frrx^bs), sb. pi. Also 6 fri- soles, frysoles, 7 frixoles, frizoles, 9 fricollis. A kind of kidney-bean grown and much used in Mexico. Cf. Fasels. 1577 Frampton Joyful News 66b, I doe sende you., certaine Frisoles, that you maie commaunde to bee sowen in the beginning of Marche. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 803 Three boyes sate by eating tosted Mais, with sodden Frizoles in a little pan. 1648 Gage West Ind. xv. 99 A dish of Frixoles .. being black and dry Turkey or French beanes boyled with a little biting Chille. 1832 Veg. Subst. Food 222 The small black beans called fricollis , which are in general demand all over Mexico, are no doubt a kind of kidney-bean. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xiv. 35 Living upon beef, hard bread, and frijoles, (a peculiar kind of bean, very abundant in California). 1854 J. L. Stephens Centr. Amcr. 27 He .. set before us chocolate and what he called the national dish, frijoles, or black beans fried. t Frike, a. Obs. [a. OF. frique (13th c.), re¬ garded by some scholars as the earlier form of frisque (see Frisk a.); it is perh. a. Teut. *freko- Freck a. In ME. the adjs. frike and freck seem to have been somewhat confused.] 1 . Lusty, strong, vigorous. 13.. Fest. Church in Holy Rood 221 The egle is frikest fowle in flye. c 1400 Destr.Troy 2204 My floures bene fallen, & my frike age. c 1400 Sovvdone Bab. 104 Barons, Admyralls, and Dukes frike. c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy) 230 When thou art fryke and in thy flowres, Thou werest purpure, perreye, ore palle. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 179/1 Fryke, or craske, or yn grete helthe, crassus. c 1475 Parlenay 2803 The body welle made, frike in ioly plite. 2 . Joyful. c 1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 2 3 Loue is hetter f>an }>e cole To hem hat of it is fayn & frike [rime lijke]. Hence +Pri*ckly adv., fFri keness. c 1400 Destr. Troy 6120 Lest J?i friknes so furse.. Brynge Jie to bale. Ibid. 9880 All ffrickly his fos fled at the last, c 1440 Promp. Parv. 179/1 Frykenesse, crassitudo. t Frike, v. Obs. rare. [OE. frician (only once).] intr. To dance, move briskly. riooo Ags. Gosp. Matt. xi. 17 We sungun eow & g e ne fricudun [c 1175 Hatton Gosp. fricodon]. c 1200 Tritt. Coll. Horn. 211 A 1 hit is idel \>at me at ple}e bihalt .. J>ih and shonkes and fet oppicS.. armes and hondes frikied. FRILAL. FRINGE t Frilal. Obs.~ 1 [? f. Frtll sb. after the ana- logy of Fallal.] A border of ornamental ribbon. 1690 Evelyn Mundus Muliebris 6 Frilal next upper Pinner set, Round which it does our Ladies please To spread the Hood call’d Rayonnes. 1846 in Fairholt Gloss. Frill (fril), sb . 1 [This and the related Frill v\ are of uncertain origin. The common view is that Frill v.z, to shiver, gave rise to a sb. (see Frill sb . 3 ) meaning ‘ the ruffling of a hawk’s feathers when shivering and that the word as applied to an article of costume is a transferred use of this. But this hypothesis finds no support in the rare early instances of the words ; and there is no proof that the sb. ever had the alleged sense. Sense 2 of the vb. suggests that it may be a metathetic form of Furl ; but this is app. peculiar to Knolles, and should perh. be regarded as an unconnected word. The sb. as used by butchers (sense 3 below) is commonly regarded as a transferred sense from the * frill ’ of a shirt; but the analogy of Chitterling and of F ./raise (mesentery of a calf, 14th c.; ruff, frill, 16th c.) suggests the possibility that the butchers’ sense may be the original (though not re¬ corded until quite recently). Godef. has one quot. for an OF. pple. freole (v. r. freioleif) = ‘ frilled ’ (said of a shirt) ; and it is noteworthy that in the 17th c. the F. equivalent of Furl v. (cf. Frill v\ 2) was fresler, which seems to belong to OF. freseler to frill, adorn, f. fresel, -ele, dim. of /raise ruff; but it is not easy to see how Eng .frill can be connected with these words.] 1 . An ornamental edging made of a strip of any woven material, of which one edge is gathered and the other left loose so as to give it a wavy or fluted appearance. Toby-frill , such as appears on the figure of Toby in the frontispiece of Punch. (The sense in the first quot. is doubtful; 4 borrowed frills 1 suggests rather false curls or the like than what is defined above ; cf. Frill v . 1 2.) 1591 R. Turnbull Expos. Jos. 95 b, Their flaunting ruffes ..their borowed frilles, and such like vanities. 1801 Mason Suppi. to Johnson, Frill , an edging of fine linen on the bosom of a shirt. 1812 J. Nott Dekker's Gulls Horne-bk. 90 note. What we now call the frill or chitterling of the shirt. 1841 Lytton Nt. 4 Morn. 11. iii, What have you been at? You have torn your frill into tatters. 1882 Miss Braddon Mt. Royal II. x. 210 Mopsy and Dopsy, their long limbs sheathed in sea-green velveteen, Toby-frills round their necks. b. transf A similar article of cut paper or net put round the knuckle of a ham, etc. when brought to table. 1866 Geo. Eliot F. Holt (1868) 33 His eyes fixed ab¬ stractedly on the frill of a ham before him. c. Anything resembling such an edging; e.g. a fringe of feathers round the neck of a bird ; a pro¬ cess like this on an invertebrate animal, a ring on a fungus, a tuft on the neck of a dog, etc. 1878 Bf.ll Gegenbaur's Com/>. Anat. 122 They consist of 4 or 8 frills, curved in a semilunar form. 1883 G. Stables Our Friend the Dog vii. 60 Frill—The mass of feather on a long-coated dog’s chest. d. fig. (U.S. colloq.) An affectation of dress or manners, an air. Usually//. 1889 Century Did. s. v., He puts on too many frills. 2 . A kind of scallop-shell. See Freel. 1803 Montagu in Gosse Year at Shore (1865) 25 note, [This Pecten] is known by the name of Frills or Queens. 1865 Gosse ibid.. The term ‘frill’ obviously refers to the form of the shell. 3 . Used by butchers for : The mesentery of an animal. • 1879 Miss Jackson Shrofsh. Word-bk., Frill, & piece of fleshy fat surrounding the entrails of a pig ; it has the ap¬ pearance of being puckered like a frill, whence its name. 1884 Chesh. Gloss., Frill, the puckered edge of the fat which is stripped from the entrails of a pig. 4 . Photography. [From the vb.] The irregular rising of a gelatine film at the edges of a plate, so as to present the semblance of a frill. 5 . allrib. and Comb., as frill-like adj.; frill- back (see quot.) ; frill-lizard, an Australian lizard of the genus Chlamydosaurus whose neck is en¬ circled by a broad membrane, erectile at pleasure. 1765 Treatise Dorn. Pigeons 144 The Frill-back..what is remarkable in them is the turn of their feathers, which appear as if every one distinctly had been raised at the extremity with a small round-pointed instrument, in such a manner as to form a small cavity in each of them. 1895 IVestm. Gaz. 17 Aug. 3/3 The extraordinary frill-like appendage which encircles its neck. Hence Frillless a. [-less], having no frill; Prilly a. [-Y i], furnished with a frill. 1843 Hood To Henrietta ii, With .. a pair of frilly trousers, like a little bantam cock. 1883 D. Wingate Lost Laird xvi, Over her grey hair she wore a frillless ‘ mutch’. 1896 Punch 21 Mar. 133/3 Blossoms flounced and frilly, t Prill, sb, 2 Obs. (See quot.) 1611 Cotgr., Maie, the greatest kind of sea-Crab, round, long-legd, and verie rough-shelled; some call her, a Frill. Frill, sb. 2 rare~°. [f. Frill z\ 3 ; but the word seems to be an etymologizing figment: see note on Frill jA 1 ] (See quot.) 551 1846 Worcester, Frill. .the ruffling of a hawk’s feathers when frilling with cold. Frill (fril), v. x [See Frill j/;. 1 ] 1 . trans. To furnish or decorate with a frill. (In the first quot. the meaning may be ‘ to curl the hair*; cf. sense 2 and Frill sb. [ 1, quot. 1591.) 1574 Hellowes Gueuara's Fain. Ep. 296 The goode townse- like craftsman, needes no daughter in lawe that can fril and paint her selfe \/jue sepan afjcytar]. 1766 Smollett Trav. I. vii. 105 When I see one of those fine creatures, sailing along, in her taudry robes of silk and gauze, frilled, and flounced, and furbelowed. 1831 Sir F. B. Head Bubbles of Brunnen 114 Next came a row of women in caps, frilled and bedizened. 1866 Geo. Eliot F.Holt{ 1868) 53 A dainty work-basket frilled with blue satin. absol. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. IV. xi, They can pink, point, and frill, and know something of music, b. To serve as a frill for. 1887 Fenn Master of Ceremonies iii, The great mob of lace that frilled her night-cap. + 2 . To furl up ; to twist back. Obs. rare. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks ( 1621) 516 His long inustachoes on his vpper lip, like bristles, frild back to his neck, .did so expresse his martiall disposition .. that [etc.]. Ibid. 1256 To depart whither they would, with their ensignes frilled vp. Ibid. 1288 Ensignes. .frilled vp. 3. Photography . a. trans. (causa lively.) To raise (a film) in flutes like a frill, b. intr. Of the film : To rise in flutes like a frill. 1891 Anthony's Photogr. Bull. IV. 57 The drops of per¬ spiration would sometimes splash on a plate, you know, and sort of frill the film. * + Trill, v.z Obs. rare . [prob. echoic.] intr . Of the eagle : To scream. 1677 Wittie Gout Raptures lviii. (1681) 103 The Goat did blare, squeak did the Hare, And there the Eagle frilled. 1688 R. Holme Amioury 11. 310/2 The Eagle Frilleth, or Scriketh. Hence Prill sb., the cry of an eagle. 1847 in Halliwell. t Frill, v.o Obs.— ° [ad. OF. fritter.] intr. To shiver with cold. 1671 Skinner Etymol. Ling. Angl. Ttij, The hawk Frilleth, a Fr. G. Friller, Horrere, Rigere , Tremere. 1721 Bailey s. v., The Hawk frills. 1755 in Johnson. 1847 i° Halliwell. Hence in mod. Diets. Frilled (frild), ppl. a. [f. Frill sb . 1 or v. 1 + -ed 1 or 2 .] Having, wearing, or adorned with a frill, or something like a frill. Of a photographic plate: Raised in flutes at the edges. Frilled lizard =frill-lizard. Hence FriTledness. 1825 Ld. Cockburn Mem. i. (1856) 37 The polite ruffled and frilled gentlemen of the olden time. 1827 in Hone Every¬ day Bk. II. 190 A delicate frilled hand. 1863 Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. III. 87 The Frilled Lizard is a native of Aus¬ tralia. 1865 Sat. Rev. 21 Oct. 513/2 In America the legs of tables have been seen by travellers encased in frilled trousers. 1867 W. B. Tegetmeier Pigeons ix. 82 Some of the flying birds seen in this country are frilled very much like an Owl or a Turbit. 1889 Anthony's Photogr. Bull. II. 302 The very beggar or fakir in the streets, whose face has more lines of humiliation and dejection than a frilled negative. Frillery (fri-leri). [f. Frill j/. 1 + -ery.] An arrangement or mass of frills ; frills collectively. 1887 A. Sterry Lazy Minstr. (1892) 85 A wealth of snowy frillery and lace. 1889 Daily News 13 July 3/3 Many of the frills were silk as well; in one case a thick ruching of white silk having been substituted for the more orthodox sort of frillery. Frilling (friliq), vbl. sb. [f. Frill vA + -ing !.] 1 . The action of putting a frill to (a garment) ; also cotter, frilled edging ; frills collectively. 1815 E. S. Barrett Heroine II. 149 Here was no., seaming, or frilling, or flouncing. 1861 Dickens Gt. Expect. viii. The frillings and trimmings on her bridal dress looking like earthy paper. 1886 J. K. Jerome Idle Thoughts (1889) 153 [They] mourn with one another over the decadence of cambric frilling. 1896 Daily News 7 Mar. 6/3 Accordeon- pleated frilling lavished on hats, toques, and capes. attrib. 1887 Daily News 7 Nov. 2/5 The ruching and frilling department is dull. 2 . Photography. The rising of a gelatine film in flutes along the edge. 1880 Athenaeum 11 Dec. 782/1 ‘ Frilling’was prevented by the same means. 1890 Abney Treat. Photogr. (ed. 6) 136 4 Frillingof the plate takes place in the hyposulphite of soda solution. + Frillock. Obs. rare- 1 . ? =Fillocic. 1647 G. W. Grand Pluto's Progress through Gt. Brit. 15 Madge my deare and bonny Frillock Set we downe beside this hillock. Frim, a. Obs. exc. dial. Forms: 1 freme, 4 frym, 6-7 frimm(e, (7 frime, 8 frem), 7- frim. [OE. fryne prehistoric *frami -, cognate with fram adj., forward, advanced, bold.] a. Vigorous, flourishing; after OE. only in phy¬ sical sense (or Jig. of this), luxuriant in growth, plump, full-fleshed, b. Abundant in sap, juicy, full of moisture; rarely in unfavourable sense. Also of sap : Abundant, rich. c. Easily melting, soluble, fusible. Beowulf 1932 Mod prySo waeg fremu folces ewen. c 1000 Caedmon's Gen. 2328 (Gr.) Ic J> am magorince mine sylle godcunde gife gastes mihtum, freondsped fremum. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. A. 1078, & twelue sy[>ez on 3er j? a y beren ful frym [fruits], c 1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 5 Cast on \>e powder of hare I wot; Hit is so frym, ren hyt wylle An malt as sugur. 1589 Mar Martine 3 Abbots were fat and friers frimme. 1600 Holland Livy vi. vii. (1609) 221 Those nations that by long peace were most frimme and lustie \tx intc- gerrimis]. 1601 — Pliny I. 348 Many are so frim and free of milke, that [etc.]. Ibid. 463 The timber also is more frim and soft. 1604 Drayton Owlc 5 The frim sap .. From the full root, doth swell the plenteous rynde. 1613 — Poly-olb. xiii, My frim and lusty flank Her bravery then displays. 1622 Ibid, xxvii, Her deare daughter Dale, which her frim Cheeke doth lay To her cleere mothers Breast. 1657 Austen Emit Trees 1. 136 Seede plants are commonly more frim straight and handsome, then wood-stocks. 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 224 If May and June prove wet Months, it causes a Frimm and Frothy Grass. 1712 Morton North • amptonshire 51 The fremmest .. that is the richest feeding land we have. 1736 W. Ellis New Exp. Husb. 54 The shorter and younger the grass, the frimmer is the Sap. 1747 Hooson Miner's Diet. O j b, Potter's Ore ..is so frim and fusible that a great deal of this sort is sold. 1750 W. Ellis Mod. Husb. IV. i. 151 A frim growing time. 1888 Sheffield Gloss, s. v., This lettuce is very frim. Hence Pri mness. £1714 T. Bates in Athenaeum No. 1982 (1865) 535/3 The frimness of the grass. 1736 W. Ellis New Exp. Husb. 64 We. .sow a Mixture of Clover, .to allay its Frimness. II Frimaire (fnmfT). [Fr., f. frim-as hoar¬ frost.] The third month of the French revolu¬ tionary calendar (from Nov. 21 to Dec. 20). 1838 Nicolas Citron. Hist. 171 Frimaire (Sleety Month). Frim fram, var. of Flim-flam. 1693 Sc. Presbyt. Eloq. (1738) 131 Criticks with their frim frains and why tie waities. Fringe (frind^), sb. Forms : 4-7 frenge, (5 freny(e, 6 Sc. frenge, 6-7 fryi(y)ng, friengeV, (7 frindge), 6- fringe. [M YL. frenge, a. OF. frenge (1316 in Douet d’Arcq Comptes de VArg. des Rois de France 60), also (Walloon) fringe (mod.Fr. f range) =Pr. fremja , fermja :—popular L. *frim- bia , metathetic alteration of class. Lat. fimbria border, fringe. The change of ME. (e) to mod. Eng. (i) before (nd$) is normal: cf. hinge , singe.] 1 . An ornamental bordering, consisting of a narrow band to which are attached threads of silk, cotton, etc., either loose or formed into tassels, twists, etc. (Occas. spec . that worn by the Hebrews in accord¬ ance with the command in Num. xv. 38.) 13.. Gaw. <5- Gr. Knt. 598 A sadel, pat glemed ful gayly with mony golde frenges. 1407 Nottingham Rec. II. 52 Pro uno riben frenge de cirico, xvij d. c 1540 Pilgr. T. 175 in Thynne's Animadv. (1865) App. i, With a blak fryng hemyd al about. 1602 Marston Ant. <$* Mel. iii. Wks. 1856 I. 39 The fringe of your sattin peticote is ript. a 1714 M. Henry Exp. Judges xix. 22 What did it avail them that they had..God’s Law in their Fringes, but the Devil in their Hearts. 1762-71 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) IV. 70 Another Dutch painter .. faithfully imitating the details of lace, embroidery, fringes, and even the threads of stockings. 1861 Miss Yonge Stokesley Secret ii. (1862)42 Drab alpaca frocks, .not a coloured bow nor handkerchief, not a flounce nor fringe, to relieve them. b. collect. A manufactured article of this kind which may be cut into lengths. 1327 Wardr. Acc. Edw. Ill 33/2, 14 uln. frenge, serico nigro, per uln ’, 3 d. 1461-83 IVardr. Acc. Edw. IV (Nicolas) 117 For frenge of gold of Venys at vj s. the ounce. 1466 Paston Lett. No. 549 II. 270 For grey lynen cloth and sylk frenge for the hers. 1589 Nottingham Rec. IV. 226 For fustyan and fringe, .tryminge vpp of the townes pikes. 1660 Goostrey Chnrchw. Acc. in Earwaker Sandbach (1890) 248 Pd. for cloth, silke, thread, and frinje, for a pulpit chussin 1 li. 1708 J. Chamberlayne 67 . Gt. Brit. 1.111. iii. (1743) 168 An earl may also have a cloth of State without pendants, but only Fringe. 1814 Jane Austen Mansf Park II. i. 184 She had . . made many yards of fringe. 1815 Jane Taylor Display xiii. 167 Pray do you sell silk fringe ? 2 . Anything resembling this; a border or edging, esp. one that is broken or serrated. 1649 Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. Pref. §11 Little distances neere the centre make larger figures, then when they part neere the fringes of the circle. 1649 G. Daniel Trinarch.. Hen. V, cxc, A Curled Cloud, whose Top With golden frindge, Spreads Glorie. a 1687 Cotton Song, Poems (1689) 354 Light .. Beautifies The rayie fringe of her fair Eyes. 17x1 Addison Sped. No. 85 p 1 A friend of mine . .has converted an Essay of a Man of Quality into a kind of fringe for his candlesticks. 1720 Gay Poems (1745) II. 107 Some works come forth at noon and die at night In blazing fringes round a tallow light. 1815 Byron Siege Cor. xvi, The fringe of the foam may be seen below. X852 Conybeare & H. St. Paul (1862) I. i. 8 Asia Minor..was bordered by a fringe of Greek colonies. 1856 Ld. Cockburn Mem. i. (1874) 46 [He] detected the dying man peeping cautiously through the fringes of his eyelids. 1857 Living¬ stone Trav. v. 96 A rim or fringe of ancient rocks. 1864 C. Clarke Box for Season I. 95 His whiskers met in what is commonly known as a Newgate fringe. 1866 Geo. Eliot F. Holt( 1868) 5 The handlooms made a far-reaching straggling fringe about the great centres of manufacture. 1871 L. Stephen Playgr. Eur. iii. (1894) 85 A broad fringe of snow ending in a hergsehrund. 1890 Boldrewood Col. Reformer (1891)221 A grand-looking sheet of fresh water, .a thin fringe of timber surrounding its margin. b. fig. occas. in sense of an appendage or sequel; also {slang or colloq.'), irrelevant matter. 1642 [see Facing 4 b], 1651-3 Jer. Taylor Semi, for Vear{ 1678) 357 In. .the confines of Grace and the fringes of Repentance, a 1734 North Lives I. 322 There followed the horrid conspiracy, called the Rye plot, and, as fringes to these, other minor plots. 1874 H. R. Reynolds John Bapt. i. § 5. 47 A fringe of Gentile forces and influences had surrounded the sacred institutions of Judaism. 1875 Emer¬ son Lett. Sf Soc. Aims, Greatness Wks. (Bohn) III. 272 Depth of intellect relieves even the ink of crime with a fringe of light. 1886 Police Report , As to what had taken place in the park, he (the magistrate) considered it simple fringe, and he would not go into that. FRINGE. 552 FRIPPERY, c. A portion of the front hair brushed forward and cut short. Cf. Bang. 1883 Mrs. Oliphant A Lover $ his Lass (ed. 2) III. iv. 84 Jean was not too old to indulge in. .fringes and curls on her forehead. 1884 Besant Chileir. Gibeon 49 The ‘fringe' was never intended to darken and disfigure the face. 1887 Daily News 2 May 7/2 Wanted, at once, a young person .. who understands house and parlour work..No fringe. d. In plants. i6ox Holland Pliny II. 217 The said root is full of strings or fringes. 1796 Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 2) III. 330 Splachnum .. fringe with 8 teeth. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract . Agric. (ed. 4) I. 363 Calyx magnified, showing the fringes. 1856 Capern Poems (ed. 2) 136 Why its [the daisy’s] fringe. .Is thrown o’er mosses mellow. 1862 Darwin Fertil. Orchids v. 207 If these fringes are placentae, they are more largely developed than in other Orchids. 1879 Lubbock Sci. Led. i. 17 Small flies .. when they have once entered the tube, are imprisoned by the fringe of hairs. e. In animals. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 17 4 The whole edge of the wing is cover’d with a small fringe, consisting of short and more slender brisles. 1811 A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. 11. (1818) 279 A black substance on the fringe or fin [of oysters]. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. II. 327 Elytra and wings ..without fringes. 1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 107 A delicate contractile arborescent fringe. 1848 Carpenter Anim. Phys . 248 In Fishes the gills are com¬ posed of fringes. f. Anat. = Fimbria. 1857 Bullock Cazeaux' Midwif. 65 One of these fringes . .attaches itself to the extremity of the ovary. g. Optics . One of the coloured spectra produced by diffraction: see Diffraction i. 1704 Newton Optics in. i. (1721) 293 These Shadows have three parallel Fringes, Bands or Ranks of colour’d Light adjacent to them. 1831 Brewster Optics iv. 32 A bright light, .separated from the faint light by a coloured fringe. 1837 Goring & Pritchard Microgr. 76 When I obtained the light of the prism..obliquely, the coloured fringes instantly appeared. 3 . attrib. and Comb., as fringe-maker ; fringe¬ making vbl. sb.; fringe-backed, -finned, -hung, -lipped adjs. Also fringe-flower = fringe-tree ; fringe-gloves, fringed gloves, gloves ornamented with a fringe ; fringe-loom (see quot.) ; fringe- moss, a name for various species of moss (see quot.) ; fringe-myrtle (see quot.) ; fringe-pod, a name given in California to Tkysanocarpus laciniatus ; fringe-tree, Chionantlius virginica. 1872 Nicholson Palxont. 321 A division of Ganoids called . .Crossopterygidae, or*fringe-finned. 1882 John Smith Diet. Pop. Names PI. *Fringe-Flower {Chionantlius virginica) a shrub, .of the Olive family. 1589 Acc.-bk. IV. IVray in Anti • quary XXXII. 55 A dosse’ ^fringe gloves. 1670 Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 208 A rich pair of fring-gloves. 1827 Hood Hero Sf Leander lxxvi, Picture one. .Who slowly parts the *fringe-hung canopies. 1836 Yarrell Brit. Fishes (1859) I. 19 The * Fringe-lipped Lampern. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech ., * Fringe-loom , one in which the weft-thread is carried and detained beyond the limit of the warp, which has thus a series of loops beyond the selvage. 1679 Bf.dloe Popish Plot 11 French-*fring-maker. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 478 F 2 Fringe-makers, lace-men. 1713 Land. Gaz. No. 5086/4 The Employment .. of *Fringmaking. 1818 Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 6) III. 1058 Toothed Hoary *Fringe-Moss, Bryum hypnoides. 1868 Tripp Brit. Mosses 124 Ptychomi- trium polyphyllum, Many-leaved Fringe Moss. 1866 Treas. Bot., * Fringe-Myrtles, a name given by Lindley to the Chamaelanciaceae. 1775 A. Burnaby Trav. 7 The woods are beautified with ^fringe-trees, flowering poplars, etc. 1863 S. L. J. Life in South I. vi. 85 The fringe-tree. Hence Pri ngeless a., having no fringe; Prrnge- let, a small fringe. 1837 Cooper Recollect. Europe II. 78 The present cropped and fringeless, bewhiskered and laceless generation of France. 1868 Tripp Brit. Mosses 71 A nodus Donianus .. Fringeless Bristle Moss. 1887 Pop. Sci. Monthly XXXI. 747 Each fringelet is a tube made of firm elastic membrane. Fringe (frindg), v. [f. Fringe sb.] 1 . trans. To furnish, adorn, or encircle with a fringe or something resembling a fringe. Chiefly in pa. pple. 1480 JVardr. Acc. Ed7v. IV (1830) 143 An other sperver.. frenged with frenge of silk. 1555 Eden Decades 315 They so rychely frynge and byset the same with perles. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 174 Nor is this edge onely thus fring'd. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India P. 37 Curtains fringed with Battlements from one to the other. 1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Lady Rich 1 Apr., They are covered., with.. cloth.. very often richly embroidered and fringed. 1821 Clare Vill, Minslr.il. 164 Day’s first rays.. Fring’d the blue clouds with gold. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 9 The wheat fly itself is very small., with rounded wings, fringed with short hairs. 1850 Hawthorne Scarlet L. vii. (1883) 125 A pair of gloves, which she had fringed and embroidered to his order. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. II. 165 A long tract of moorland, fringed with villages. 1888 F. Hume Mad. Midas 1. Prol., Fringing the wet sands with many coloured wreaths of sea-weed and delicate shells. fig. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 250 When he hath set downe^ some wicked Doctrine, presently to lace and fringe it with Precepts of Fasting, Prayer, or Good manners. c 1645 Howell Lett. (1650) II. 11. 20 The transaction .. was fringd with such cautelous restraints that he was sure to keep the better end of the staff still to himself. 1828 Sporting Mag. XXII. 233 The old Gentleman’s memory is fringed with exemplary characteristics. 2 . To serve as a fringe to; to present the appear¬ ance of a fringe upon. 1794 W. Hutchinson Hist. Cumberld. I. 188 The wood that fringes the border of the rivers. 1813 H. & J. Smith Rej. Addr. 65 Why, beautiful nymph, do you close The curtain that fringes your eye? 1859 W. S. Coleman Wood¬ lands (1866) 84 The Alder loves also to fringe the margins of our lakes and pools. 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Man. xii. 342 Close upon the Esquimaux who fringe the northern coast. 1873 Tristram Moab viii. 153 Camels in scattered order, .fringed the horizon. 1884 Bower & Scott De Barfs Phonor. 338 A narrow band, fringing the lateral edge of the bundle. 3 . To fritter or trifle away. rare. 1863 G. Eliot in Cross Life (1885) II. 367 Such fringing away of precious life, in thinking of carpets and tables, is an affliction to me. Fringed (frindgd), ppl. a. [f. Fringe sb. or v. + -ed.] Furnished with a fringe; adorned with or as with a fringe. 1495 Wills Dod. Com. (Camden) 4 Twoo curteyns of whit sarcenet fringed. 1552 Church Goods in Dillon Calais <$• Pale (1892) 97 Foure quesshinges, one of reede frynged silke.. 1610 Shaks. Temp. 1. ii. 408 The fringed Curtaines of thine eye aduance. 1654-5 i n *2//* Rep. Hist. MSS. Conun. App. vii. (1890) 22, 4.?. for a black fringed belt. 1667 Milton P. L. iv. 262 The fringed Bank with Myrtle crownd. a 1775 Hobie Noble in Child Ballads clxxxix. 2/1 He has pulld out his fringed grey. 1776 Withering Brit. Plants (1796) II. 380 Flowers 3 or 4 together, included in a mem¬ branaceous fringed sheath. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. II. 369 The margin of their wings is fringed. 1882 Garden 24 June 437/2 The old and pretty Fringed Pink. Fringent (frrnd^ent), a. rare~ 1 . [? formed to correspond with friction, on the supposed analogy of fraction, frangenti] Exercising friction. 1847 Emerson Poems( 1857) 104 A shower of meteors, .lit by fringent air, Blaze near and far. Fringilla’ceous, a. [f. 'L.fringilla finch + -aceodsJ. Pertaining to the finches (Webster 1864). Fringi'llicle [anglicized sing, form of mod.L. fringillid» ], a bird of the finch family. Frin- gi lliform a. [-(i)fokm], finch-like {Cent. Diet.). Fringl lline a. [-INE], of or pertaining to the finches. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xlii. (1856) 390 That familiar little fringillide, the snowbird. 1874 Coues Birds N. IV. 163 The Lark Bunting is one of the most singularly special¬ ized of all our fringilline forms. 1893 W. H. Hudson Idle Days in Patagonia 1 .15 The finest voiced of all the fringil¬ line birds. Fringing (fri-nd^iq), vbl. sb. [f. Fringe v. + -ing 1 .] The action of the vb. Fringe ; in quots. concr. = Fringe i a. Also transf. 1598 Florio, Smancerie .. any trimming, lacing, fringing, or such ornament. 1843 Carlyle Past <$• Pr. 11. i, With much plumage and fringing. 1864 — Fredk. Gt. IV. 576 Some fringing of light horse. 1892 E. Reeves Homevvard Bound 306 Simulated pearls of transparent radiance, .adorn it round about with a fringing of copper. Fri nging, ppl. a. [f. Fringe v. + -ing 2 .] That fringes. Fringing reef : see quot. 1878. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. xx. (1873) 465 The three great classes of coral-reefs, Atolls, Barrier, and Fringing-reefs. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. xv. 253 Rocky ridges which fringe a shore in the manner just described, are known as fringing- reefs. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. I. xxiii. 339 The American Constitution, .with the mass of fringing decisions which ex¬ plain it. 1895 Daily News 26 Aug. 3/2 Its blue sea, and fringing islands. Fringy (frrndgi), a. [f. Fringe sb. + -y *.] 1 . Of the nature of or resembling a fringe. c X750 Shenstone Elegies xxi. 10 My devious path I bend, Through fringy woodland, or smooth-shaven lawn. 1822-34 Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 327 The fringy termination of the Fallopian Tubes. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxv. (1856) 321 A fimbriated or fringy series of purple cirri. 1880 ‘ Mark Twain ’ Tramp Abroad I. 75 The gracefullest little fringy films of lace. 2 . Furnished or adorned with a fringe or fringes ; covered with fringes. 1831 T. L. Peacock Crotchet Castle xiv. (1887)149 All that surrounded their [eyes’] fringy portals was radiant as ‘ the forehead of the morning sky ’. 1852 Meanderings of Mem. I. 206 Fluttering as the mantle’s fringy rim. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xvn. v. VII. 48 Green, shaggy or fringy moun¬ tains looking down on it to rearward. 1836 Ruskin Praeterita I. vi. 203 Any sort of people in conical nats and fringy caps. Comb. 1860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. ix. iii. § 21 The dog ..is one of the little curly, short-nosed, fringy-pawed things. Fringy, var. of Feringhee. t Frini^ght. Obs. rare. [ = ON. frid-ndtt ; cf. OE .frlge-xten Thursday evening.] a. The night before (Good) Friday, b. The night of (Good) Friday. a 1225 Ancr. R. 122 Efter alle j?e schendfule pinen J>et he olede o< 5 e longe uriniht, me ledde him amorwen uorte ongen o waritreo. c 1440 Jacob's Well (E. E. T. S.) 177 On good fry3-ny3t. .\>e chanoun lay be iewys dowter. On pe satyrday [etc.]. || Fripier (frrpiaijfr/pk). Also 9 frippier. [Fr. fripier : see Fripper.] A dealer in old clothes. 1826 Blackw. Flag. XX. 242 Men .. turn their principles inside out, as a frippier does a garment. 1847 James J. Marston Hall xxi, The house of the well-known fripier Martin, where every sort of dress. .was to be procured. t Frrpler. Obs. [transformation of Fr. fri¬ pier'. see next.] = Fripper. 1589 Nashe Ep. to Greene's Menaphon (Arb.) 8 Those and these are .. bought at the deerest though they smell of the friplers lauander halfe a yeere after. 1596 — Saffron Walden 72 When hee first began to be a fripier or broker in that trade. II Fripon. Obs. [Fr.] A rogue. 1691 Satyr agst. French 19 (Stanf.) Attended by a young petit Garmon, Who from his Cradle was an arch Fripon. 1724 Ramsay Evergreen (1824) II. 70 (Dunbar’s Flyting) And help to hang Fripons for half a Frank [ original and help to hang the pece for half a frank]. II Fripo*n(n)erie. rare. Also fripp-. [Fr. friponnerie, i. fripon (see prec.).] Roguery. 1708 tr. Petronius Arbiter Key 1 Associates in all sorts of Friponeries and Debocheries. 1747 Walpole Let. H. Mann 26 June, Lett. 1857 II. 90 The shortest way to prevent any fripponnerie. 1818 R. Peters in J. Jay's Corr. # Publ. Papers (1893) IV. 424 Most of the articles went through my hands, .and a more complete piece of fripponerie never was seen. t Frrpper. Obs. [ad. Fr. fripier, f. friper to tear to rags, f. OF .frepe,ferpe,felpe rag.] =next. 1598 Florio, Barattiere. .a trucker, a marter. .a fripper. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 11. xvii. § 14. 66 Like a Frippers or Brokers Shoppe ; that hath ends of euerie thing, but nothing of worth. X657 Howell Londinop. 81 Frippers or Upholders, that sold Apparel. 1697 View Penal Laws 31 Goods wrongfully gotten, and sold to Brokers, Frippers or Pawn-takers. Fripperer (fri* paroi). [extended form of prec.: see -er 1 3.] A dealer in cast-off clothing. 1584 Whetstone Mirr. Mag. 33 b, They upon their owne or maisters apparell. .finde Brokers or fripperers. 1641 Termes de la Ley 171b, Friperer is one that uses to dresse old clothes to sell againe. 1805 W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. III. 619 To see his fripperer .. reminds him of his meanness. i860 All Year Round No. 76.614 Birchover-lane, where the fripperers, or sellers of old clothes, dwell. Frippery (frrperi). Forms : 6 freprie, frip- perie, (7 thripperie), 7 fripery, 7- frippery. [a. or ad. OF. frepene, ferperie, felperie (Fr. fri- perie), f. frepe, ferpe,felpe rag.] In all senses, more or less collective. + 1 . Old clothes ; cast-off garments. Obs. 1568 Satir. Poems Reform, xlviii. 74 Tho 4 it be awld, and twenty tymis sawld, )it will the. freprie mak 30W fane With vlis to renew it and mak it weill hewit. 1606 Holland Sucton. 241 Which extendeth also to slaves and old wares or thripperie. 1638 Ford Fancies 1. iii, Some frippery to hide nakedness. 1700 Congreve Way of World iii. v, I’ll reduce him to frippery and rags. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 409 An old huge full-bottomed perriwig out of the wardrobe of the antiquated frippery of Louis the Fourteenth. 1824 W. Irving T. Trav. I. 199 The old garments and frippery that fluttered from every window. fig. 1638 Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. To Rdr. (1654) 3 And makes a great shew of the frippery and brokage of other Authors. 1742 H. Walpole Lett. H. Mann (1834) I. xxv. 112 Old Sarah’s Memoirs..are nothing but remnants of old women's frippery. 2 . Finely in dress, esp. tawdry finery; an example of this, an article of fashionable attire. Also, transf. tawdry ornamentation in general. 1637 Sir E. Burke in Dk. of Rutland!s MSS. (1888) I. 498 Such a cuning peti larceny of fripery as amazes us all. 1681 Crowne Hen. VI, 1. 10 A little Pinke Laden with toyes and fripperies from France. 1773 Goldsm. She Stoops to Con¬ quer 1, She is as fond of gauze and French frippery as the best of them. 1833 Ht. Martineau Manch. Strike i. 16, I will., send my wife with a cloak, .to hide the child’s frippery. 1856 Miss Mulock J. Halifax x, With no fripperies or fandangos of any sort. 1864 Knight Passages Wrkg. Life I. v. 220 We obtained one of this class of Churches, .at a preposterous cost for Bath stone and corresponding frippery. b. Applied to a showily-dressed person. 1877 Black Green Past. iv. (1878) 34 The painted fripperies you meet at every woman’s house in London. c. Articles of small value ; trifles. 1803 Jane Porter Thaddeus xxiv. (1831) 203 Boxes, baskets, and other frippery. 1831 Trelawny Adv. Younger Son II. 241 Modern frippery of combs, razors, brushes [etc.]. d. fig. Empty display, esp. in speech or literary composition; showy talk; ostentation. 1727 Swift To Yng. Lady Wks. 1755 II. 11. 47 You will gather more advantage by listening to them, than from all the nonsense and frippery of your own sex. 1764 Gray Lett. Wks. 1884 III. 187, I can stay with great patience for anything that comes from Voltaire. They tell me it is frippery, and blasphemy, and wit. 1871 Freeman Hist. Ess. Ser. 1. v. 114 Throwing aside all the fopperies and fripperies of chivalry. 1877 Mrs. Oliphant Makers Flor. ix. 237 A noble young gentleman amid all his frippery of courtier and virtuoso. + 3 . A place where cast-off clothes are sold. Obs. 1598 Florio, Recateria , a fripperie or brokers shop. x6io Shaks. Temp. iv. i. 225 Oh, ho, Monster; wee know what belongs to a frippery, a X635 Corbet Poems (1807) 98 For learning, th’ Universitie ; And for old clothes, the Frippery. [1830 James Darnley xxix. 128/2^ I will get the three dresses this very night, from a frippery in Poole Street.] fig. 1616 13 . Jonson Epigr. 1. Ivi, Whose Workes are eene the frippery of wit. 1649 Owen Serin. Wks. 1851 VIII. 236 Ireland was termed by some in civil things a frippery of bankrupts. ^1680 Butler Rem. (1759) I. 364 A Frippery of common Places of Pulpit Railing, ill put together. + 4 . A stand or horse for dresses, etc. ; a ward¬ robe. Obs. a 1616 [see Flippery : Dyce prints frippery<\. 1632 Mas¬ singer City Madam 1. i, He shews like a walking frippery. c 1645 Sir R. Verney Inv. Clay don in Lady Verney Mem. Verney Fam. I. 6 The little and greate Fripperies, etc. + 5 . Trade or traffic in cast-off clothes. Obs . 1599 Sandys Europee Spec. (1632) 131 The Iewes..have generally not any other trades than frippery and usury. 1606 Chapman Mons. D'Olive iii. i, D'Ol. Now your profession, I pray? Frip. Fripperie, my Lord, or as some tearme it, Petty Brokery. 6. Tawdry style; frivolity, rare. 1802 Mad. D’Akblay Diary 5 May, His manly air carried off the frippery of his trappings. 1855 Chamier My Travels I. xviii. 310 The frippery of fashion might not have caused a Roman to strut about with an eye-glass. FRIPPERY. 553 FRISKY 7 . attrib. and Comb. £1645 Howell Lett. vi. 24 Yet by that base and servile way of Frippery trade, they grow rich. 1744 Ess. Acting 18 Macbeth's. .Night Gown..ought to be a Red Damask, and not the frippery-flowered one of a Foppington. Hence Fripperied over , pa.pple., showily tricked out. 1858 Miss Mulock Thoughts Women 323 Flimsy, light- coloured dresses, fripperied over with trimmings. Frippery (fri-peri), a. [developed from the attrib. use of the sb.] Trilling; frivolous ; con¬ temptible ; trumpery. <7x625 Fletcher Chances 11. ii, A frippery cause. 1739 Gray Lett. VVks. 1884 IF 49 That city .. made so frippery an appearance, that instead of spending some days there.. we only dined, and went on to Parma. 1768 Foote Devil on 2 Sticks 1, In spite of the frippery French Salick laws, a woman is a free agent. 1795 Jemima I. 161 His dress, .is so frippery. 1844 Blackw. Mag. LV. 200 Neither will they be persuaded by the frippery tomes which load the counters. 1859 J ephson Brittany v. 55 Numbers of frippery and vulgar ornaments on the table. 18.. M. Pattison Mem. ii. (1885) 89 Betake themselves .. to the frippery work of attending boards. t Frippish, a. Ohs. rare- 1 , [f. Fripp-ery + -ish.] Tawdry, gaudy. 1787 Generous Attachment I. 156 Let them erect their pompous edifices with all the frippish grandeur of modern architecture. + Frrpple, var. of Fribble sb. 1610 Healey St. Aug. Citie 0/God 355 Do but leave your fripples and sticke to the fathers. Frisado: see Frizado. t Friscado. Obs.- 1 [f. Frisco +-ado.] = Frisco. 1634 W. Wood New Eng. Prosp. 11. xv, Fearefull to approach neere the friscadoes of her Iron heeles. t Friscaj'oly, a. Obs. [? f. frisca , Frisco + Jolly.] Used as a refrain for jovial songs ; also attrib. 1519 I uteri. 4 Elem. (1848) 17 Synge fryska joly, with hey troly loly. <21529 Skelton Replyc. Wks. 1843 I. 209 Stoicall studiantes, and friscaioly yonkerkyns. 1538 Bale Thre Lawes 1794 Now shall I be able to .. make frowlyke chere, with hey how fryska Jolye. [1580 : see Frisk a ] t Fri’SCal. Obs. Also 6-7 friscol, -oil, 7 friskal, -kle. [f. Frisk sb. or Frisco ; perh. on the analogy of caracole .] = Frisco. c 1570 Marr. Wit Science iv. ii. D ij, These friscoles shal not serue your tourne for al your vauntes so braue. 1611 Cory at's Crudities Panegyr. Verses, His treadings were but friscals of a poppet. 1612 Shelton Quixote 1. iv. iii. 315 And saying so, he gaue two or three friskles in the ayre with very great signes of contentment. 1622 Mabbe tr. Alemans Guzman cCAlf 11. 175 Their beds .. wherein they were like to. .fetch, .friscalls in the ayre. transf. 1613 Wither Epithal. Juvenilia(1633) 360 Comets and Meteors, .shew their fiery Friscoils in the ayre. Friscay, obs. form of Frisky. + Fri'SCO. Obs. Also 6 frysca, friseho, 7 friska, friskoe ; pi. -os, -oes, -as. [? Pseudo-It. form of Frisk sb.] 1 . A brisk movement in dancing; a caper. 1519 Interl. 4 Elem. (1848) 45 That shall both daunce and spryng. .With fryscas and with gambawdes round. 1566 J. Partridge Plasidas B iij, With fetching frischoes here and there. 1598 Barckley Felic. Man 1. (1603) 38 Hee fetched at the last such a frisco, that he fell downe and brake his neck. 1608 Armin Nest. Ninn. (1880) 56 Shee longed to heare his friscoes morallized, and his gambals set downe. 1634 Ford P. Warbeck 111. ii, Observe the friska, be enchanted With the rare discord of bells, pipes, and tabours. 1675 Teonge Diary (1825) 50 Having taken their frisco, returnd as they cam. 2 . Applied to a person as a term of endearment. (Cf. Friskin 2 .) a 1652 Brome New Acad. 1. Wks. 1873 II. 3 Where’s my Boykin? my Friskoe? my Delight? Frisco(i)l, var. of Friscal. Frise (friz), sb. [short for Cheval de frise.] = Cheval de frise 1. Also transf. 1809 Campbell Gertr. Wyom. in. xxv, Each bold and promontory mound With .. armour crown’d, And arrowy frize. 1856 Lever Martins of Cro' M. 145 A low wall, coped with a formidable ‘frize’ of broken bottles. || Frise (friztf), a. [Fr. frist in similar sense, pa. pple. of /riser : see Frieze, Frizz vbs.] (See quot. 1884.) 1884 West. Daily Press 20 June 7/5 Frise materials are everywhere, frise meaning a raised design .. in silk, looking as if it had been woven over pins, and the pins withdrawn. 1892 Daily News 24 Oct. 3/1 A raised frise stripe in black silky wool. Frise, obs. form of Freeze, Frieze. Friseado, var. of Frizado. Frise stone, var. of Freestone. Frisette (frize*t). Also frisett, frizette. [a. Ft. frisette, i./riser to F rizz.] A band or cluster of small curls, usually artificial, worn on the forehead. 1818 Lady Morgan FI. Macarthy IV. § vi. 239 The one appeared without his stays, and the other without her frizette. 1858 O. W. Holmes Aut. Break/.-t. ii. (1891) 30 A. .middle-aged female, with a parchment forehead and a dry little ‘ frisette ’ shingling it. 1868 Daily Ne'ws 10 Aug., The sixpenny frisett sold to fill out the sparse locks of the servant-of-all-work. || Friseur (frzzor). Also frizeur. [Ft. friseur, f. /riser to Frizz.] A hairdresser ; now rare. 1750 Chesterk. Lett. (1774) II. 60 Let your man learn of the best friseur to do your hair well. 1777 Franklin Vol. IV. Lett. Wks. 1889 VI. 69, I wish every lady and gentle¬ man in France would .. dismiss their friseurs, and pay me half the money they paid to them. 1816 Sporting Mag. XLVII. 306 By mercers, frizeurs, mantua-makers press’d. 1831 Jekyll Corr. (1894) 270 The sister, a romp, married a sort of friseur, the son of old Viscount Fitzwilliam. 1856 R. W. Procter Barber s Shop vii. (1883) 35 He was sur¬ passed by. .a conscientious frizeur of an older school. Frisian (frrzian), a. and sb. [f. L. Frisi-i pi. (ad. the native name : OFris. Frise, Frese , MDu. Vriese (Du. Vries), OHG. Friaso, Frieso, OE. Frisa , Frisa wk. sb., a Frisian) + -an.] A. adj. Of or pertaining to the people of Fries¬ land. B. sb. a. An inhabitant of Friesland, b. The language of Friesland. 1598 Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. xi. vi. 147 The Frisian nation .. rebelled after the ouerthrow of L. Apronius. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 212 The Frisians, neere vnto whom we lay incamped, shewed our men this herb. 1875 Whitney Life Lang. x. 181 English literary monuments go back to the seventh century .. and Frisian literature from the four¬ teenth. 1882-3 Schaff Encycl. Relig. Knowl. II. 1472 The. rigorous party was again divided into Vlamingen and Frisians. t Fri/sic, a* Obs. In 7-8 -ick. See Friesic. [f. as prec. + -ic.] Of or pertaining to Friesland. 1677 Hale Prijn. Orig. Man. 11. iv. 163 Divers other [Languages], seem to be much derived from them, namely, the Greek .. Frisick, Illyrian [etc.]. 1763 Johnson Let. to Boswell 8 Dec. in Life , It will be a favour if you can get me any books in the Frisick language. Frisk (frisk), sb. [f. Frisk v.] + 1 . A brisk and lively movement in horseman¬ ship or dancing; a caracole or curvet; a caper, a jig. To fetch a frisk : see Fetch v. 9. Obs. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. lxxviii. [Ixxiv.] 234 Eche of them [knyghtes] a good dystaunce fro other made theyr tournes and fryskes fresshly. 1563-87 Foxe A. M. (1684) III. 145 He leapt, and set a frisk or twain, as men commonly do in dauncing. 1596 Spenser F. Q. iv. x. 46 Then doe the salvage beasts begin to play Their pleasant friskes. 1610 Rowlands Martin Mark-all 36 Diuers. .can now for ioy.. fetch friskes about the house. 1640 Shirley Arcadia in. i, The new frisk we danced at Enispe to-day. 1696 Aubrey Misc. (1721) 79 When he had done his Message he gave a Frisk. 1780 Cowper Table T. 237 Give him [the French¬ man] his lass, his fiddle and his frisk. 1842 C. Whitehead Richard Savage (1845) I- vii. 89 He favoured me with a frisk as I left him at his own door. 2 . transf. and fig. A brisk sportive movement; a frolic ; also, a freak, whim, f Frisk of nature = freak of nature : see Freak sb. 4. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 186 If they do by a frisk get below that superficies, they presently ascend again, a 1677 Barrow Serm. Wks. 1716 III. 79 New objects .. excite the spirits into a pleasant frisk of motion. 1752 Johnson in Boswell 11848) 80/1 I’ll have a frisk with you. 1801 Foster in Life Corr. (1846) I. 133 The frisks of a company of summer flies. 1809 Ann. Reg. 754* There is scarcely a nobleman.. who is not possessed of one or more of these frisks of nature. 1819 Scott Fam. Lett. 17 Apr. (1894) II. xv. 43, I wish you would all take a frisk down here this summer. 1825 — Jrnl. 22 Dec., Can’t say what made me take a frisk so uncommon of late years, as to write verses of free-will. 1852 Dickens Bleak Ho. xx, When you and I had a frisk down in Lincoln¬ shire. 1889 H. F. Wood Englishman of Rue Cai?i iv, The married frumps come over for a frisk. + Frisk, a. Obs. Also 6 friske, fryske, frixe. [a. OFr. frisque , of uncertain origin; by some viewed as ad. Teut. *frisk -, Fresh a. ; by others as an altered form of frique : see Frike a.] Full of life and spirit; brisk, lively, frisky. 1528 Paynf.l Saleme Regim. H b, Wyne muste be friske & sprynkelynge. c 1540 Boorde The boke for to Lerne B ij b, The Est wynde is temperat fryske and fragrant. 1580 Sidney Arcadia hi. 401 Thou seest how friske and jolly now he is. 1597-8 Bp. Hall Sat. vi. i. 294 Fayne would she seeme all frixe and frolicke still. 1611 Cotgr. s. v. Asne, Asses discharged of their burthens, vnsadled, and set at libertie, are the friskest creatures aliue. b. Of a horse’s tail: Constantly in motion; jerky. Cf. Flisk, Flicky, Fliggy, Fletch. 1694 Lond. Gaz. No. 3017/4 A brown bay Mare with a .. frisk Tail. 1705 Ibid. No. 4148/4 A black Gelding, .with a long frisk Tail. Frisk (frisk), v. Also 6-7 friske, frysk(e, 7 frisque. [f. prec. adj.] 1 . intr. Of living beings: To move briskly and sportively; to dance, frolic, gambol, jig. Also with about, away, in and out, off, and to frisk it. 1519 Interl. 4 Elem. (1848) 49 And I can fryske it freshly. 1583 Stanyhurst AEneis 1. (Arb.) 34 Nymphs a thowsand do frisk with Princelye Diana. 1601 R. Johnson Kingd. <5* Commw. (1603) 64 Sholes of fish frisking and playing hard under the wals of the citie. 1611 Shaks. Wint. T. I. ii. 67 We were as twyn’d Lambs, that did frisk i’ th’ Sun. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 2 He [the Flea], .will frisk and curvet so nimbly. 1679 E. Brown Let. to Blythe in 2 nd Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. 114/2 The gallants are frisquing and making merry in Hyde Park. £1704 Prior Simile 14 Those merry blades, That frisk it under Pindus’ shades. 1730 Fielding Teiiiple Beau 1. i, For your heart is like a coffee-house, where the beaus frisk in and out, one after another. 1764G0LDSM. Trav. 253 The gay grandsire, skilled in gestic lore, Has frisked beneath the burden of threescore. 1785 Burns To Jos. Smith xv. Cold-pausing caution’s lessons scorning, We frisk away. 1821 J. W. Croker Diary 8 June, To-day he has frisked off to Windsor. 1891 Smiles J. Murray II. xxv. 177 He. .rejoiced at seeing the children frisking about in the happiness of youth. transf and fig. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 9 It will make the Water friske and sprinkle up in a fine Dew. a 1716 South Serm. ( 1717) V. 492 The Proclamation of a Prince never frisks it in Tropes. 1779 A. Hamilton Wks. (1886) VII. 586 Did I mean to show my wit ? .. Did I only intend to frisk ? 1823 Lamb Elia, Oxford in Vacation, The enfranchised quill . . frisks and curvets .. over the flowery carpet-ground of a midnight dissertation. 2 . trans. a. To move (up, out , about, etc.) in a sportive or lively manner, b. To frisk away : to squander on freaks or caprices. ? 16.. A Cap , etc. (N.), To frisk away much of thy time and estate. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 187 It would by frisking out of its tail, .sink itself below the surface, a 1693 Urquhart Rabelais in. xvii. 140 A pair of Yarn Windles, which she., veered, and frisked about. 1862 R. H. Patterson Ess. Hist. <5* Art 109 The tail is frisked up into the air in the liveliest manner possible. + 3 . To render sprightly, enliven. Obs. 1802 Fenton Wks. 63, I look’d for sparkling lines, and something gay To frisk my fancy with. 4 . slang, a. (See quot. 1812.) b. To hoax. 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Diet., Frisk , to search ; to frisk a cly is to empty a pocket of its contents ; to stand frisk is to stand search. 1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy I. 150 Has Tom been frisking you already with some of his jokes ? Friskal, var. of Friscal. Frisker (fri'skai). Also frysker. [f. Frisk v. + -er •.] One who or that which frisks. Also slang (see the vb. 4 a), a pilferer. 1547 Boorde Introd. Knowl. (1870) 117 Now I am a frysker, all men doth on me looke. 1633 Marmion Fine Companion Gij, He tells thee right, my brave Frisker. 1719 D'Urfey Pills II. 20 Such Fraysters and Friskers as these Lads and Lasses. 1842 Browning Pied Piper, Grave old plodders, gay young friskers. 1892 Star 6 Feb. 3/4 A dangerous gang of ‘ till friskers'. + Frrsket 1 . Obs. rare— 1 . [Meaning and origin doubtful: cf. OF .friquet a small lively sparrow.] £ 1602 in Nichols Progr. Q. Eliz. III. 586 The chatting of pyes, and the chirkinge of the friskets. Frisket 2 (frrsket). Printing, [ad. Fr. fris- quette, of unknown origin.] A thin iron frame hinged to the tympan, having tapes or paper strips stretched across it, for keeping the sheet in position while printing. To fly the frisket : see Fly z/.2 2. 1683 Moxon Mech. Exerc. II. 55 Which .. serves for the Frisket to move truly upon. 1777 Hoole Comenius ’ Vis. World (ed. 12) 118 The pressman beateth it over with printers ink. .spreadeth upon it the papers put in the frisket. 1824 J. Johnson Typogr. II. 526 To catch the bottom of the sheet when the frisket rises and conveys it quickly and gently to the catch. 1884 West. Morn. News 23 Apr. 5/2 A press frisket was thrown down. attrib. 1683 Moxon Mech. Exerc. II. 55 From the Fore-end or Frisket-joynt. 1825 J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 308 The clerk now inks the type with a printer’s ball, opens the frisket sheet .. on its hinges, and places the note .. against the tympan. 1880 Printing Times 15 Mar. Advt., Frisket forks are so arranged that, etc. Friskful (fri •skful), a. rare. [f. Frisk sb. or v. + -ful.] Apt to frisk, frolicsome. 1728-46 Thomson Spring 836 His sportive lambs .. in friskful glee, Their frolics play. 1876 F. Locker Bi'amble - Rise viii. in Lond. Lyr., My little friskful daughter. t Fri’Skin. Obs. Also 6 fruskin, 7 frisquin. [f. Fkisk sb. or v. + -in (? for -ing !).] 1 . A brisk lively action; a frolic, playful encounter. To try a friskin : to have a brush (see Brush sb . 3 1). Also to dance friskin. 1370 Levins Manip. 133 Fruskin, saltns. 1599 Nashe Lenten Stuffe To Rdr. (1871) 18 This is a light friskin of my wit. 1612 Two Noble K. tv. iii, The pranks And friskins of her madness. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. in. ii. in. iii. (1651) 472 It was the custome of some lascivious queans to dance friskin in that fashion. 1675-93 Crowne Country Wit 1. Dram. Wks. 1874 III. 34 Yes, Betty Frisque and you shall try a frisquin for him,—you shall duel it, you shall. 2 . A gay frisky person. 1596 Nashe Saffron Walden 143 His Wench or Friskin was footing it aloft on the greene. 1602 D1 :kkf.r Satirom. Dram. Wks. 1873 I. 217 Sir Q. I gaue thee this chaine, manlie Tucca. Tuc. I, sayst thou so, Friskin. Frisking (fri'skirj), vbl. sb. [f. Frisk v. + -ING 1 .] In senses of the vb. 1553 tr. Beza's Admonit. Pari. (1566) Giij b, The Lords Supper .. is transformed into .. olde stagelike frisking and horrible Idol gadding. 1611 Cotgr. s.v. Gambade , Old peoples frisking doth presage their ending. 1725 Bradley Fam. Diet. s.v. Nose , If it [the Blood] proceeds from a Vein, it is thicker and redder, and runs without any frisking. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Frisking, the wind freshen¬ ing. 1890 Spectator 3 May 624/1 And the lambs bleat 1 .. And their friskings, and their races ! Frisking (fri'skirj), ppl. a. [f. Frisk v. + -ing 2.] That frisks, in senses of the vb. -j- Of wine: Sparkling. 1566 Drant Horace’s Sat. 1. Fij, Fragrant friskyng wyne. 1610 Dr. Dodypoll in. i. in Bullen O. PI. III. 122 A fine frisking usher in a dauncing schoole. 1697 Dryden kVr£. Georg, in. 105 The quick Motions of the frisking. Tail. 1725 Pore Odyss. xm. 296 The bounding goats and frisking heifers rove. 1827 Carlyle Misc. (1857) I. 21 A certain snappishness—a frisking abruptness. Hence Friskingly adv., in a frisking or frisky manner. In mod. Diets. Friskle, var. of Friscal. Frisky (fri'ski), a. Also 6 frysky, friscay, [f. Frisk sb. +-Y 1 .] Given tofrisking; lively; playful. la 1500 Ragman Roll 132 in Hazl. E. P. P. I. 75 And your foot ye tappyn, and ye daunce, Thogh hit the fryskyst horse were in a towne. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. clx. 70 FRISLET. 554 FRITH. [clvi.] 279 a, The lorde of Clary, .was a frisca. and a lusty knyght. 1743 J. Davidson aE neid vii. 203 By the Heat in Frisky Bells the Liquors dance. 1780 Mad. D’Arblay Lett. July, She was as gay, flighty, entertaining, and frisky as ever. 1812 Byron Waltz vii, His Sancho thought The knight's fandango friskier than it ought. 1861 L. L. Noble Icebergs 291 Away they trip it, like so many frisky buffalo calves. 1875 J. H. Bennet Winter Medit. in. xv. 500 The Negroes .. of all ages, from frisky merry little children to decrepit old men. 1885 Manch. Exam. 2 May 6/2 The dogs, at once sagacious and frisky, have been admirably drawn. Hence Fri/skily adv ., in a frisky manner; Fri s- kiness, the quality or state of being frisky. 1727 Bailey, Friskiness. 1778 Mad. D’Arblay Diary 3 Aug., I left him .. to make his own comments upon my friskiness. 1862 Lytton Sir. Story II. 74 The white bear gambols .. friskily after his meal on human flesh. 1865 Sat. Rev. 5 Aug. 172 An outpouring of intellectual friski¬ ness. 1894 Daily News 20 Mar. 3/1 The brims to hats are friskily curved. t Frislet. Obs. rare —‘. [? f. OF .fresel, dim. of fraise ruff + -ET.] ‘ A kind of small ruffle ’ (Halli- well). 1607 Brewer Lingua lv. vi, Partlets, Frislets, Bandlets. Frisole, var. of Fkijole. + Fri'SOll 1 . Obs. Forms: 4 frysoun, 5 fre- son(e, -un. [a. OF .frison, ad. late L . frison-em a Frisian.] a. A native of Friesland, b. A Friesland horse. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 10663 A frysoun 3e shut vndyrstande To a marchaunde of fryslande. ? a 1400 Morte Arth. 1365 A freke .. Come forthermaste on a fresone in flawmande wedes. c 1420 A ntitrs of A rth. xxxi, The freson was afrayet, and ferd of that fare. + Prison 2 . Obs. [a. Y.frison (1474 in Godef.); Littre and Hatz.-Darm. derive it from friser Frieze zO] ? Some kind of woollen stuff. Also frison-stuff. 1562 Stanford ChnrcJvw. Acct. in Antiquary (April 1888) 168 For ij lodes of ffrysons ijr. 1714 French Bk. Rates 69 Frizon-Stuffs, 13 Ells. + Frisoneer. Obs. ?=prec. 1700 Congreve Way of World v. i, Go, hang out an old Fnsoneer-gorget. Frisque, Frisquin, obs. ff. Frisk, F'riskin. Frist, sb. Obs.exc.arch. Forms: i first, fyrst, frist, 2-4 first(e, south, virst, (3 ferst, feorst, forst), 3-4 furst (u), 3-5 fres(s)t, (4 freist), 4 friste, 5 fryst, 5- frist. [OE. first, fyrst, frist masc. Cf. OFris. first ,,ferst neut., OS .frist, OHG. frist fem. (neut.) (MHG .vrist, Ger. frist fern.),ON. frest neut. pi. (fem. sing.).] 1 . A space of time, time ; a certain time. Beozvulf 134 Nass hit lengra fyrst. O. E. C/iron. an. 918 Oh hone first he hie wurdon swipe metelease. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 229 Furtie da^en firste [he] ham mid wnede. c 1205 Lay. 12242 WiS innen ane 3ere, nes her first na mare, iwraS pe king Gracien gumene forcuoest. 2 . Delay, respite; also, a truce. To do in or a ( —on) frist : to delay, procrastinate, give respite of. Of or on frist : (Sc.) in the future, at a distance. To fidst : on loan or credit. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 71 Ure deS he do in firste 3et. c 1200 Moral Ode 38 Ne scholde nomon don a virst ne slakien wel to donne. a 1300 Cursor M. 19225 pe penis .. he broght, wit-vten frest. C1300 Beket 890 For-to pe nexte daie we biddez furst. 1375 Barbour Bruce n. 277 At to morn, but langar frest, 3 e sail isch furth. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 49 First of ten dayes were i-graunted. 14.. Tundale’s Vis. 60 He wold gyve dayes for his best But he sold the derur for the fryst. ^1440 Promp. Parv. 178/2 Freste, or to frest yn byynge or borowynge, mutuum. 1450 Hcnu goode wif taught doughter 161 in Hazl. E. P. P. I. 191 Borow nought blethely, ne take nought frest. a 1555 Lyndesay Peder Coffeis 43 Ane dyvour coffe .. Takis gudis to frist fra fremmit men. 1888 Murray's Mag. Apr. 497 My time is short, my frist is o’er, and I have much to say. attrib. 1387 T revisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 49 pe firste dayes. Proverb. (Sc.) c 1565 Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1814) I. 238 All thir lordis war verrie blyth, thinking that all evil was guid of frist. 1808-80 Jamieson s. v., All ills are good a frist. t Frist, v. Obs. Forms: see the sb. [f. the sb.; ci.OFris.fersta , OHG .fristen,fristdn (MHG. vristen , mod.Ger. fristen), ON.fresta , (Sw.frista, Da .friste).'] 1 . intr. To delay, grant respite. Also to frist it. ci 1225 St. Marker. 15 paet ha ne firsten hit nawiht to schawen hit ischrifte. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 2331 Nawiht, King, ne kepe ich paet tu hit fir firsti. 13 .. E. E. A Hit. P. B. 743 P ^3 faurty forfete 3et fryst I a whyle. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) I. 162 Thairof wald delay no langar nor frist. 2 . a. with dat. passing into traits. To grant delay to (a person) ; to respite, b. trans. To put off, delay (a thing); to postpone the enjoyment of. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 2399 paet he, for his freolec firstede hire. 1340 Ayenb. 173 And na}t ne uerste uram daye to daye. 1570 Satir. Poems Reform, xvi. 71 Thocht he be fristit at this tyme, He will not be forgeuin. 1637 Rutherford Lett, clxxx. (1848)345, I would frist heaven for many years. 3 . trans. a. To lend or give (a thing) on credit. b. To give (a debtor) credit or time for payment. c. To grant time for payment of (a debt). c 1440 Promp. Parv. 178/2 Frestyn, or lende to freste. x 549 Compl. Scot. xv. 124 Quhen I laubyr..be mecanik craftis, I am compellit to len and to fyrst it to my tua cruel briethr. 1632 Rutherford Lett. Ixxxix. (1848) 165 That debt is not forgiven, but fristed. 1637 Ibid. cv. 202 Frist Christ; He is an honest debtor. Ibid, cclxvii. 527, I am content; my faith will frist God my happiness. 1691 Ray N. C. Words , Frist , to trust for a Time. absol. 14.. Rel. Ant. I. 316 Kype and save, and thou schalle have; Frest and leve, and thou schall crave. Proverb. 1718 Ramsay Christis Kirke Gr. in. iii, What aft fristed’s no forgien. 1824 Scott Redgauntlet ch. xi, What is fristed is not forgiven. Hence Frrsted ppl. a ., Frrsting vbl. sb. 14.. Tundale's Vis. 55 For frystyng wold he ocur take And nothyng leyn for Goddis sake, a 1605 Montgomerie Misc. Poems v. 45 Sen fristed goods ar not forgivin, Quhen cuppe is full, then hold it evin. 1637 Rutherford Lett. ccxxvi. (1848)443 A suspension and a fristing of my heaven. Ibid. ccxi. 413 Few know the pain and torment of Christ's fristed love. Frist(e, obs. form of First. t FrrstelvDe. Obs. [a. OF. frestel(e^\ A flute. c 1400 Ywaine <$• Gaw. 1396 Damysels danceand ful wele, With trompes, pipes, and with fristele. 1483 Cath. Angl. 143 Fristell z, fistula. t Fri'Ster. Obs. rare~ l . [a. Du. vrijster =* vrijdster ‘ amasia, virgo nubilis * ^Kilian), f. vrij- (d)en to woo, court.] A sweetheart. 1640 Gf apthorne Wallenstein 1. iii, A short coat frister, That as she milkes each morning, Bedews the coole grasse with her Virgin moisture. + Fri'SUre. Obs. Alsofrizure. [a. Fx. frisure, f. friser : see Frizz.] Mode or fashion of curling the hair. 1755 Lond. Mag. July 343 Let an artificial flow’r Set the frisure off before. 1771 Smollett Humph. Cl. II. 18 July Let. i, She was most remarkable for the frisure of her head. 1773 Graves Spirit. Quixote v. vii. 285 Though it had not received the fashionable frizure, it was grown, .long enough to curl. 1790-1811 Combe Devil upon 2 Sticks in Eng. (1817) IV. 23 The immense expanding frisure of 1780. + Frit, sb . 1 [a. Fr. frit, pa. pple. of frire to fry.] ? Toast. 14 . Anc. Cookery in Househ. Ord. (1790) 449 Daryolus, and leche-fryes, made of frit and friture. Frit (frit), sb . 2 Also 7-9 fritt. [ad. (directly or through F. fritte) It. fritt a, fem. pa. pple. of friggere to F ry.] 1 . Glass-making. A calcined mixture of sand and fluxes ready to be melted in a crucible to form glass. 1662 Merret tr. Neri's Art of Glass 17 Fritt is nothing else but a calcination of those materials which make glass. 1773 Franklin Lett. Wks. 1840 V. 461 The globe in ques¬ tion was of this frit. 1800 tr. Lagrange's Chem. I. 415 The product is a kind of vitreous frit, soluble in water. 1853 Ure Diet. Arts I. 908 The founding-pots are filled up with these blocks of frit. 1870 T. W. Webb in Eng. Mec/i. 21 Jan. 448/1 Specks of * frit ’ (unmelted material in the substance of the glass). 2 . Ceramics. The vitreous composition from which soft porcelain is made. 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Gard. 1. Notes 39 The frit of the potters .. is liable to crack in drying. 1832 G. R. Porter Porcelain <$• Gl. 43 A frit compounded of nitre, soda, alum and selenite. 1875 Fortnum Majolica i. 2 A loose frit or body, to which an enamel adheres. 3 . attrib. and Comb., as frit-brick , - mixer , - powder . Also frit-porcelain (see quot.). 1853 Ure Diet. Arts I. 908 These frit-bricks are after¬ wards piled up in a large apartment for use. 1874 Knight Diet. Meek. I. 917 A frit-mixer is a horizontal cylinder with oblique beaters, or a box with semi-cylindrical bottom and a rotating shaft with beaters or stirring arms. 1881 Porcelain Works, Worcester 15 This fritt powder is used along with borax and other materials. 1889 Century Diet., Frit porcelavi, a name given to the artificial soft-paste English porcelain. Frit (frit), v. [f. Frit sb , 2 ] trans. To make into frit; to fuse partially; to calcine. Hence Fri'tted ppl. a., Frrtting vbl. sb .; also attrib . 1805-17 R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed. 3) 295 Fritting, when single parts of the mass are melted, while others remain unaltered. 1832 G. R. Porter Porcelain <$■ Gl. vi. 199 The sand, lime, soda, and manganese, being properly inter¬ mingled, are fritted in small furnaces. 1853 Urf. Diet. Arts I. 908 When the fourth hour has expired the fritting operation is finished. 1879 Rutley Stud. Rocks xiv. 291 Porcelain jasper has a fused or fritted appearance. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., Fritting, the formation of a slag by heat with but incipient fusion. 1881 Harpers Mag. Feb. 364 These .. are fritted or melted in an oven till they run like molasses. Frit-fly. A small fly of the genus Oscinis, destructive to wheat. 1881 Miss E. A. Ormerod Injur. Insecis{\?>^6)^2. The Frit Fly is a small, black, shining, two-winged fly. 1893 Jml. R. Agric. Soc. Dec. 827 Some other pests, .are wire-worms, crane-fly, frit-fly. .and winter-moth. Frith, sb . 1 Obs. exc. Hist. [Com. Teut.: OE. fridu, friobu, freobu str. masc. and fem., frid str. neut., = OFris . fretho,frede, ferd, OS. frithu masc. (MDu. vrede , verde, Du. vrede masc.), OHG. fridu (MHG. vride, mod.G. friede ), ON. frid-r (Sw., Da. fred ), Goth. *fri])u-s (in comb. Fripareiks — Frederick); f. OTeut. root *fri - to love: see Friend.] • 1 . Peace ; freedom from molestation, protection ; safety, security. C893 K. ./Elfred Oros. v. ii. § 8 He genorn frip wip J>aet folc. c 950 Liudisf. Gosp. Matt. x. 34 Ne cuom ic friS sende ah suord. O. E. Chron. an. ion (Laud MS.), ponne nam man griS & friS wiS hi. C1175 Lamb. Horn. 13 Londe J>et biS on griSe and on friSe under mire onwalde. c 1250 Gen. <$• Ex. 681 Euerilc man he gaf lif and friS Sat to Sat like- nesse so3te griS. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 90 pat bataile was hard, fo men has no frith. £1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 289 ^if pes poscessioneris toke frepis in here lond. 1874 Green Short Hist. i. § 5. 45 Their leader was bound by a solemn peace or ‘ frith ’. + 2 . a. A game-preserve, deer-park. b. Water frith : a place where the fishing is preserved. Obs. OE. had deorfritf in the abstract sense ‘protection of game' {OE. Chron. an. 1086). C1205 Lay. 1452 5 e huntieS i pes kinges friSe [C1275 pare]. 1584 in Binnell Descr. Thames 63 Places inhibited to fish in, called Water Friths. 3 . Comb .: frith-guild, a guild established for the maintenance of peace; also attrib .; frith-silver, ? some feudal payment (see quots.); frithsoken OE. and Hist., an asylum, a sanctuary (the later explanations seem to be baseless conjectures). a 1000 Laws of jEthelstan vi. c. 8 § 9 (Schmid), Gif ure hlaford .. us aenigne eacan gepaencean maege to urum *fri 5 - gildum. 1861 Pearson Early <$* Mid. Ages Eng. 128 The frank-pledge or frith-guild system had been vigorously en¬ forced under Edward. 1874 Green Short Hist. iv. § 4. 190 The tendency to unite in such * Frith-gilds' or Peace-clubs became general throughout Europe. 1669 in E. Salt Hist. Standon( 1888) 114 It was agreed .. that John Hardinge shall sett a gate, .he payinge yearly the *frith selver of the towne. 1863 N. Q. Ser. iii. IV. 477 Frith-silver, up to the last fifteen or twenty years, a payment, chargeable on the poor rates of the parish [Alrewas, Lichfield], was annually made to Lord Somers, and bore the above name. 1014 Laws of Ethelred vm. c. 1 (Schmid), Daet he *friS- socne .. gesece. c 1250 Gloss. Lazo Terms in Rel. Ant. I. 33 FritJisocne, Franchise de francplege. ^ 1342 Higden Polychr. (Rolls) II. 94 Frithsoken, id est, tutatio in juris- dictione; Gallice, seurte en defence. Frith (frip),5A 2 Forms: 1 (se)fyrh*i 5 e, fyr(h)8, 4 friht, fryht, 5 freth, 9 Kent. fright (-wood), 6 fryth(e, 3- frith. Also Firth sb.^ [OE. (ge)fyrhde str. neut. (also fyrhb str. fem.) OTeut. type *(ga)furhipjo m (see below). In ME. and in mod.E. the word seems to have been confused with others of similar sound : see the remarks under senses 1 and 4 below. The OTeut. type *{ga)furhipjo m would appear to be a col¬ lective f. *furha Fir; but there is no trace in Eng. of the etymological sense ‘ fir-wood ’, and as firs seem to have been not very abundant in early times in this country, the develop¬ ment of the general sense ‘ wooded or waste land ’ must have taken place on the continent. Cf., however, the mod.Ger. forchdistel, forchgras , forchheide (Grimm), which seem to contain a word that may be the source of med.L. frocus (OF. frou) waste land ; if so fyrlule may be derived from it. With regard to the form-history in Eng., the reduced form fyrtic is represented by Firth sb. 1 , and with metathesis by frith. The fuller form fyrkSe is represented, with meta¬ thesis, by UF. friht, mod.Kentish fright-wood. The Welsh ffridd, ffrith, often given as the etymon, are adopted forms of the Eng. word. To the scanty evidence for the 0 'E.fyrh' 8 (e must be added the place-name Pirbright in Surrey, which in documents of 13th and 14th c. appears as Pirifirith, Pirifright, Pirifrith, Purifright :—OE. *pirig-fyrhde pear-* frith ’: see Cal. Close Rolls 1326 p. 622, Manning & Bray Surrey I. 145, Surrey Fines (Surrey Archaeol. Soc.) 22.] 1 . With uncertain meaning, denoting a wood of some kind, or wooded country collectively, esp. in poet, phrases associated with fell, field. In the later quots. the word occurs only as a poetical archa¬ ism of vague meaning. In the earlier quots. it may have had the more definite sense explained under 2. In senses 1, 2 there may be confusion with Frith sb. 1 2 a. ? 826 Charter of Ecgbe7‘ht in Birch Cart. Sax. I. 545 ponne on pone hagan to witan fyrSe. 898 Charter of PE If red (Farleigh, Kent) ibid. II. 220 Donne is 3 ast suS land gemaere 3 aes cinges west andlang Saes fyrhSes o 3 3 one bradan weg. ?956 Charter of Eadwig ibid. III. 120 Of ban stapole on accan gefyrhSe. 973-4 (MS. 12th c.) Charter of Ecuigar (Hants) ibid. III. 632 On Set wot treow aet Sere baran fyrhSe. a 1300 Cursor M. 7697 In feild and tun, in frith and fell, a 1310 in Wright’s Lyric P. x. 36 In a fryht..y founde a wel feyr fenge to fere. 1x320 Kyng <$• Hermit 20 in Hazl. E. P. P. I. 13 The grete herte for to hunte, In frythys and in felle. c 1350 Will. Palerne 2216 pei trauailed al a ni^t, out of forest & fripes & alle faire wodes. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xii. 219 And of the floures in the fryth and of her feire hewes. 1562 Phaer HLneid ix. Aa iij, A Pynetree frith I had [Lat. pine a silva mihi]. 1573-80 Golding To Rdr. in Barct's Alv. Av/i In plant, or tree, By natures gift abroad in frith and feeld. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. xi. 174 As over Holt and Heath, as thorough Frith {margin, high wood] and Fell. 1855 Bailey Mystic 83 Where now stretch Forest and upland frith. 2 . A piece of land grown sparsely with trees or with underwood only. Also, a space between woods; unused pasture land (see quots.). Now only dial. 1538 Leland I tin. (ed. 2, 1745) II. 3 From Maidenhedde Town a 2 Miles by narow wooddy Way to the Frithe, and so thorough the Frithe 3 Miles. Ibid, {margin), Fruticea Sylva, Angl. Frithe. 1628 Coke On Litt. 5 b, Frytheisaplain between woods. 1641 N. Riding Rec. IV. 216 The inhabi¬ tants of Sheriff Hutton presented for not repairing the high¬ way leading to le Frith. 1790 Mrs. Wheeler Westmld. Dial. (1840), Frith, unused pasture land. 1869 in Lonsdale Gloss. 1887 Kentish Gloss., Frith .. a thin, scrubby wood, with little or no timber, and consisting mainly of inferior growths. 1892 Nor thumb Id. Gloss., Frith, a clearing in a forest. 3 . Brushwood, underwood; sometimes forming a hedge, hedgewood. FRITH. 555 FRITTER, 1605 Rec. Chippenham 194 in Wilts Gloss. (1893') s.v., Itm to James Smalxvood for an Acre and halfe of hedginge frith out of Hey wood .. Item for felling the same frith. 1631 Markham Weald 0/Kent 11. i. (1668) 2 It will grow to frith or wood, if it be not continually, .laboured with the plough. 1668 Worlidge Diet. Rust., Frith, underwood, or the shroud of Trees. 1670 J. Smith England s Improv. Re¬ viv'd 27 A dead Hedge..made of dead wood, as Bushes and Frith, which is all sorts of small wood that are not Thorns. Ibid. 31 Frith .. is all small lops or shreadings of trees, as also all Under-woods. 1796 W. Marshall W. England I. 326 Frith, brush-wood. 18x3 T. Davis Agric. Wilts 267 Frith, thorns or bush underwood. 1853 W. D. Cooper Sussex Gloss, (ed. 2), Frith , young underwood growing by the side of hedges. 1863 Wise New Forest 183 Frith, too, still means copse-wood. 4 . A hedge; esp. one made of wattled brushwood; also, a hurdle. [Although this sense appears to be chiefly a development of sense 3, it may partly belong to other words of similar form but etymologically unconnected. (1) The sense ‘ hedge ’, and the related Frith v . 2 1, might without difficulty be regarded as special uses of Frith sb . l and 7'. 1 ; cf. MHG. 7 ’ride ( = Frith sb. 1 ) used in the senses of ‘fence, fenced place’, mod.Ger. einfriedigen to fence in. (2) As in S.W. dialects both fr- and wr- are represented by vr-, it is possible that frith in the sense of 4 wattled work 1 may be partly a literary rendering of a dialectal vrith, vreath connected with OE. wrffian (see Writhe, Wreathe).] [c 1430 Durh. MS. Cell. Roll , Item in fridys, vj d. Item in cirpis, \]d.] 1511-1647 MS. Acc. St. John's Hosp., Canterb. in Kent. Gloss, s.v., To enclose the vij acres wt. a quyk fryth before the Fest of the Purification. 1810 Foe. Dev. a *frithmenn him bro3t. 1664 Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 217 * Frith-Pears, A mndel- Pears (also to bake >. 1887 Kent. Gloss, s.v. Frith, Though some of the old woods bearing this name may now, by modern treatment, have been made much thicker and more valuable, they are also still called, as of old, *fright-woods, as the Fright Woods, near Bedge- bury. 1807 Vancouver Agric. Devon (1813) 134 The *frithe- work or wattling was made upon willow or sallow stakes. Frith. (frij>), sbf> [Metathetic form of Firth sb. 2 ; possibly suggested by the form Frith sb . 2 = Firth sb. 1 , or by the once commonly supposed derivation from L. freturn.] = Firth 2 . 1600 Holland Livy 1375 The Tyber..brake out many times, and having found a frith or creeke, it beat upon the foot of the Aventine. 1667 Milton P. L. ii. 919 The warie fiend Stood..Pondering his Voyage; for no narrow frith He had to cross, a 1698 Temple Hist. Eng. (1699) 37 The Neck of Land between the two Fryths about Sterling and Glasco. 1722 De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 243 Waiting to go up the frith with the flood. 1784 Cowpek Task 11. 16 Lands intersected by a narrow frith Abhor each other. 1806 Gazetteer Scott. Introd. 7 The Friths of Forth and Clyde. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. Concl. 115 The friths that branch and spread Their sleeping silver thro’ the hills. t Frith, z/.l Obs. Also 3 fruflie, 4 south, vrepie, 5 frethe. [OE . fridian, freodian, f. Frith sb. 1 ; cf. OFris. frethia, ferdia, OS. frithon , OHG. (ga-)- fridon, ON. /rida (Sw. freda, Da. frede). Cf. Freith v.] 1 . traits. To keep in peace, make peace with; to secure from disturbance, defend, help, preserve, protect. c 893 K. ^Elfred Oros. iv. i. § 9 Angunnan \>a. her^ean & hienan \>2. \>e hie fridian sceoldon. O.E. Citron, an. 921 p>a:t hie.. eall haet fridian woldon baet se cyng frij?ian wolde. c x 175 Lamb. Horn. 15 Eower lond ic wulle fridian. c 1205 Lay. 16804 5if- -b u me wult fruSien we J>e wulleS to teon. a 1300 Cursor M. 24133 pou frith me noght als freind. c 1330 R. Brunne Citron. JVace (Rolls) 8733 peyr buryels he poughte for to honure WyJ? som pyng hat ay myght dure, & ffrype he stede per h e y lay. 1340 Ayenb. 7 Me ssel hine loky and urehie zo holyliche. la 1400 Morte Arth. 656 Fannde my fforestez be ffrythede. .That nane werreye my wylde. 2 . To free, liberate. Cf. Freith v. c 1250 Gen. <$• Ex. 3094 Bi-sek }et god, Sis one siSe, Sat he vs of Sis pine friSe. X470 Harding Chron. clxix. v, Then was Vmfrey erle of Herford frethed clene, And enter- chaungid for Kyng Robertes wife. Frith (fri)>), v. 1 Obs. exc. dial. Also 4 frethe, 9 dial, freath. [f. Frith sb. 1 (senses 3,4); but peril, of mixed derivation : see note under Frith sb. 1 4.] 1 . Irons. To fence in. Also fig. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. v. 590 He is frithed in with floreines. ?a 1400 Morte Arth. 3247 Froytez. .flaire frithed in frawnke appone tha free bowes. C1400 Beryn 292 The sauge & the Isope, I-frethid & I-stakid. 1541 Old Ways (1892) no Walter was cuttyng off a hagge to frithe a corne. 2 . inlr. a. To form a hedge of wattled brush¬ wood; to wattle, b. To cut underwood, c. (See quot. 1893.) 1807 Vancouver Agric. Devon (1813) 132 Frithing, or wattling with willow-stakes, or any other hardy wood. 1847 7 ® Halliwell, Frith , to plash a hedge. Devon. 1866 Blackmore C. Nowell 1 , A labourer .. had been frithing*. that is to say, cutting underwood in one of the forest copses. 1893 Wiltsh. Gloss., Frith, to make a brushwood drain. Hence Frithing*, material for fencing; brush¬ wood, underwood. X429 Durh. MS. Cell. Roll, In ij Draghtrapis et iij frethyng’, xixd. 1866 Blackmore C. Nowell xlv, The frithings have not been cut for ten years. t Fri’thborh. Law. Only OE. and Hist. Also frithborg, -burg, frichborgh, fridburgh, fri- borg;h, -burg(h, -bourg, freoborg, freeborgh. [O ]L.*fridborh lit. ‘peace-pledge’: see Frith sb .! and Borrow sb.; the word, though found in no document earlier than the spurious ‘Laws of Edward the Confessor’ (app. the source of all the later state¬ ments on the subject), is certainly genuine. A mis¬ translation of the corrupt form friborg, freoborg gave rise to the later name Frankpledge.] The Old English name for Frankpledge. a 1200 Laws of Edw. Conf. c. 20 Preamble (Schmid) Alia pax maxima est, per quam omnes firmiori statu sustentantur; scilicet fidejussionis stabilitate, quam Angli vocant fri 5 - borgas, prater Eboracenses, qui vocant earn tenmanne tale. Ibid. c. 20. § 3 and caps. 21, 29 [other texts read fri-,freo-\ C1290 Fleta 1. xlvii. § 10 (1647) 62 Frichborgh. 1607 [see Decener 2]. a X641 Spelman Anc. Govt. Eng., Reliq. (1723) 5 1 Every Hundred was divided into many Freeborgs or Tithings. .which stood all bound one for the other. 1747 Carte Hist. Eng. I. 311 Appeals from the decisions of par¬ ticular friborghs. 1754 Hume Hist. Eng. (1761) I. ii. 49 A tithing, decennary, or fribourg. 1874 Stubbs Const. Hist. § 41 1 . 87 The association of ten men in common responsi¬ bility legally embodied in the frithborh or frankpledge. + Fri’thburgher. Obs. local. [Interpreted as f. Frith sb . 2 + Burgher ; but perh. originally con¬ nected with Frithborh.] 1587 in Chambers * Bk. Days I. 728 The Lord Bailiff .. issued his summons, .to choose four ‘ Frith Burghers ’ .. to act as jurymen. X769 De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. III. 151 If the Offence was committed .. within the Bounds of the Forest, then there were Frithbourgers also to judge of the Fact, who were to be summoned out of the Forestholders, as they are called, who were to hold of that Frith, that is of the Forest. 1825 Hone Every-day Bk. I. 145 This officer summoned a jury of frith-burghers to try him. Fri’thles, sb. pi. dial. [f. Frith sb. 2 or v 2 ; but cf. OE. ivripels band.] A flexible branch or twig used for wattling. x88x Blackmore Christowell (i 882) II. iv. 79 To fash it, with stout oak frithles, to a pair of stout ash-saplings. + Frith-stool. Obs. exc. Hist. Also 1 frith-, frythstol, 7 freedstool, 9 fridstool. [OE., f. /rid, Frith sb. l + stol chair, seat: see Stool.] a. OE. only. A place of safety; a refuge, b. A seat, usually of stone, formerly placed near the altar in some churches, which afforded inviolable protection to those who sought privilege of sanctuary. nooo Ags. Ps. (Th.) lxxxix. 1 pu eart friS-stoi us feste, Drihten. a xox6 Laws of Ethelred vn. c. 16 And £if for* worht man friS-stol gesece. 1610 Holland Camden s Brit. 1. 712 This seat of Stone is called Freedstool, that is, The chaire of Peace. 1662 Ray Three Itm. 11.137 At the upper end of the choir, on the right side of the altar stands the Freed stool. 1829 G. Poulson Beverley 687 The Fridstool is..hewn out of a solid stone, with a hollow back. 1871 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xviii. 288 Inviolable sanc¬ tuary. .was afforded, .by the frithstool of the saint. + Frithy, a. Obs. rare —1 . [f. Frith sb . 2 + -yL] Of the nature of ‘ frith ’ or brushwood. a 1529 Skelton Garl. Laurell 22 In the frytthy forest of Galteres. II Fritillaria (fritile®-ria). Also 7 frit(t)ell-. fmod.L .fritilldria, {.fritillus dice-box. According to Clusius Rariorum aliquot Stirpium per Pannon. etc. observ. Hist. (1583) 172, the name was given by Noel Capperon, a druggist of Orleans, to the Common Fritillary, ‘quod ejus areoke versicolores fritillum quodam- modo semulentur ’. Unless this refers to some chequered pattern with which dice-boxes were painted, Gerarde’s explanation below would seem to be correct, though the Lat. diets, of the 16th c. and still earlier give the correct explanation of fritillus. In any case the name refers to the chequered markings of the corolla, not to its shape as is usually stated.] A genus of liliaceous plants, the best known species of which are the Crown Imperial ( F\ imperialist, and the Common Fritillary or Snakeshead (F. Meleagris) found locally in moist meadows. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 11. Hi. 214 The third [Tulipa] is called ..Flos Meleagris. .some do also cal this flower Fritillaria. 1597 Gerarde Herball 123 It hath been called Frittillaria, of the table or boord vpon which menplaie at chesse, which square checkers the flower doth very much resemble, some thinking that it [the chess-board] was named Frittillus. 1611 Tradescant's bill in A. Amherst Gard. Eng. (1895) 170 Fortye fritellarias at 3 pence the peece. 1625 Bacon Ess., Gardens (Arb.) 556 Camairis, Frettellaria. 1664 Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 198 March. .Violets, Fritillaria. 1741 Compl. Earn. Piece 11. lii. 378 Bulbous-rooted Flowers .. such as the .. Fritillaria’s, and Colchicum. 1881 ^ Miss Braddon Asph. xii. 137 Primroses ; anemones ; hyacinths ; and the rare fritillaria. Fritillary (fritHari). [Anglicized form of pree. Cf. Fr .fritillairei] 1 . Any plant of the genus Fritillaria, esp. F. Meleagris (see prec.). 1633 Gerardo's Herball 1. lxxxix. 151 In English we may call it Turky-hen or Ginny-hen Floure, and also Checquered Daffodill.and Fritillariej according to the Lat ine. 1668 Wilkins Real Char. 74 Fritillary. 1688 R. Holme Arrtioury 11. 74/1 The sullen Lady .. some call it the black Fritillary. 1767 J. Abercrombie Ev. Man his own Gard. (1803) 47 Fritillanes, crown imperials, or any other kind of bulbous flower-roots. 1828 Miss Mitford Village Ser. 111. (1863) 531 The chequered fritillary or the tinted wood anemone. 1867 M. Arnold Thyrsis, I know what white, what purple fritillaries The grassy harvest of the river-fields Above by Ensham, down by Sandford yields. 2 . A name for several species of butterfly, e. g. the Silver-washed Fritillary ( Argynnis paphia) and the Queen of Spain Fritillary {A. lathonid). 1857 Kingsley Two V. Ago III. 132-3 The ‘white admirals ’ and silver washed ‘ fritillaries ’ flit round every bramble bed. x866 Blackmore C. Norvell xxx, Off dashed Bob after a Queen of Spain fritillary. t Friti niency. Obs.~ 1 (In the first ed. spelt fritiniancy ; the mod. Diets, spell fritinancy.) [f. L .fritinnl-re to twitter + -ancy.] Twittering. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. iii. 236 The note or fritin¬ iancy [of the Cicada] is far more shrill then that of the Locust. 1656-81 Blount Glossogr., Fritiniancy, Fritiniency. Fritt: see Frit sb . 2 t Fritta do. Obs. [ad. It. fritlala, f. frittare to fry, i.fritto , pa. pple. of friggere : see Fry v.] A fritter. x 635 J- Hayward tr. Biondi's Banish'd Virg. 46 Making her a frittado of egges and milke he set it before her. Fritter (fri-taj), sb . 1 Forms: 5 fretoure, -ure, frutter, fruyter, fry tour, -owre, (freature), 5-6 frit-, frut-, -er, -eur, -our(e, -ur(e, 6 frither, frytter, 7 frittar, 5- fritter, [a. Fr. friture = Sp.frilura, \\.. frittura Lat. type *fric - tura, i./rigere to Fry.] 1 . Usually pi. A portion of batter, sometimes containing slices of apple, meat, etc., fried in oil, lard, etc. Often preceded by some qualifying word, as apple-, oyster-, rice fritter ; also, in 15-16th c., in some semi : anglicized French terms, as t fritter- bounce, -pouch, -sage, -viant (meat) (obs.). c 1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 55 Tarts and daryels and custan dere, Rysshene and pome dorres, and frutur in fere. c 1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 501-2 O fruture viant, Frutur sawge, byngood, bettur is Frutur powche; Appulle fruture is good hoot, but }>e cold ye not towche. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vii. 600 Fry tour of sunne facion, with a floure delyce therin. 1502 Arnolde Chron. (1811) 240 Fresshe storgion, quynces in paste, tarte poleyn, fritour bounce. 1634 J. Taylor (Water P.) Gt. Eater Kent 12 Pancake or fritter or flap-iacke. 1664 Pepys Diary 19 Aug., Home to supper to a good dish of fritters. 1769 Mrs. Raffald Eng. Ilousekpr. (1778) 161 Batter, made as for common fritters. 1835 W. Irving Tour Prairies 72 A paste made of flour and water, and fried, like fritters, in lard. 1859 All Year Round No. 36. 222 The fritter refuses to imbibe any more oil. 1861 Sala Dutch Piet. xix. 301, I have heard much of the rice fritters and savoury soups of the Lancashire vegetarians. fig. 1580 Sidney Arcadia (1622) 276 O Clinias. .the very fritter of fraud, and seething pot of iniquitie. 12 . ? A species of apple. Obs.— 1 1591 Lyly Eudym.m. iii, For fruit these, fritters, medlers, hartichokes and lady longings. 3 . pi. Whaling = Fenks. [Perh. a transferred use of F. friture fat in which some¬ thing is fried.] 1631 Pellham Preserv. 8 Englishm. in Green-land 22 We agreed..tokeepe Wednesdayes and Fridayes Fastingdayes; excepting from the Frittars or Graves of the Whale. ( marg . note. These be the Scraps of the Fat of the Whale, which are flung away after the Oyle is gotten out of it.) 1813 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 488 Extracting the oil from the fritters. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 176 The finks or fritters were always sufficient to boil the remainder without any other fuel. 4 . attrib. and Comb., as fritter-barrow, -pan, -seller ; fritter-filled ppl. a. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 176 A ‘ *fritter barrow ’ being furnished with a grating .. drained the oil from the fritters. 1619 PasquiCs Palin. (1877) 152 When every paunch till it can hold no more, Is *Fritter-fild, as well as heart can wish. 1625 B. Jonson Staple of N. 11. i, My face dropt like the skimmer in a *fritter-pan. 1636 Daven- ant Witts 1. i, Hans van Holme, ^fritter seller of Bombell. Fritter (frrtai), sb . 2 [app. an altered form of Fitters ; perh. due to the influence of prec. ; but cf. OF . freture,fraiture :— L. fractura Fracture.] 1 . pi. Minute pieces, fragments, shreds. Also, articles of trifling size, trifles. Now rare. In Johnson’s quots. (1626 Bacon, 1678 Butler) the correct reading is fitters; in Shaks. Merry W. v. v. 151 The word is prob. Fritter sb. 1 x 755 in Johnson. 1767 H. Brook'e Fool of Qual. (1792) I. iv. 94 Trimmings hanging in fritters and tattars. ?£ti89o in Daily Ne'ius 12 Oct. (1895) 6/3 A huge collection of ornamental fritters huddled together. attrib. 1686 Goad Celest. Bodies 11. ii. 168 There appears these differences, Flaxen Clouds, Fleec’d Clouds, some which I call Fritter Clouds, all from their likeness. 2 . [From the vb.] Excessive subdivision (by which the general effect is lost). 1803 Repton Landscape Gard. (1805] 56 Producing variety without fritter, and continuity without sameness. 1848 Rickman A rchit. 201 This window is a series of small panels . .and these, .throw the building into fritter. Fritter (fri-toj), v. Also 8 fretter. [f. prec.] 1 . trans. To break or tear into pieces or frag¬ ments ; to subdivide minutely. Now rare. 70-2 FRITTERER 556 FRIZZ, 1772-84 Cook Voy. (1790) IV. 1243 Having our main-top¬ gallant yard carried away in the slings, and the sail frittered in a thousand pieces. 1780 Burke Sp. CEcon. Reform Wks. III. 285 Frittering and crumbling down the attention by a blind unsystematick observance of every trifle. 1784 J. Barry in Led. Paint, i. (1848) 83 The no less mischievous fragments into which they [northern hordes] were frittered. 1803 T. Jefferson Writ. (1830) III. 508 Perverting the simple doctrines he taught, .and frittering them into subtle¬ ties. 1806—7 J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life 11826) xx. ix. 268 The kernel to be. .frittered among the parties crack¬ ing. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) II. 236 France was once frittered into subdivisions, as Spain still is. 1822-34 Goofs Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 359 When they [i. e. hydatids] die, the bags and cysts are often broken up and become frittered into minute tatters and filaments. 1866 Alger Solit. Nat. $ Man iv. 366 That throng of women whose attention is frittered on trifles. b. intr. for refl. f To become broken into pieces or subdivided ( obs .). rarely, To dwindle. 1796 Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 79 Small pieces of it fritter between the fingers, a 1828 H. Neele Lit. Rem. (1829) 18 The canvass fritters into shreds and the column moulders into ruin. 1876 J. Parker Paracl. 11. Epil. 374 Minuteness never fritters into pettiness. 2 . a. With away , down : To do away with piecemeal; to attenuate, wear down, whittle away; to spend (energy, time) on trifles, to waste. 1728 Pope Dune. 1. 232 How prologues into prefaces decay And these to notes are fritter’d quite away. 1777 Burke Let. to Mrq. Rockingham Wks. IX. 170 To break the con¬ tinuity of your conduct, and thereby to weaken and fritter away the impression of it. 1799 Han. More Fern. Educat. (ed. 4) I. 73 They had. .frittered down delicacy into frivolous¬ ness. 1803 Wellington Let. to Close in Gurw. Desp. II. 88 To fritter away the small force which his Highness has produced. 1820 Ld. Dudley Lett. 26 Sept. (1840) 266 Our unpunctuality, .fritters away so large a part of the .. day in wearisome waiting. 1846 McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 537 The whole country would be frittered down into potato gardens. 1846 Thackeray Crit. Rev. Wks. 1886 XXIII. 96 He frittered away in fugitive publications time and genius. 1868 Miss Braddon Run to Earth III. vi. 87 You know what Sheridan said about frittering away his money in paying his debts. + b. With out. To bring out, utter piecemeal. . a 1764 Lloyd Poetry Professors 42 What pretty things imagination Will fritter out in adulation. Hence Frittered ppl. a ., Frittering vbl. sb . and ppl. a. 1778 Boswell in Johnson (1791) II. 216 He could put together only curt frittered fragments of his own. 1795 Mason Ch. Mus. ii. 136 The frittering of one syllable into almost half a century of semiquavers is perhaps the best and only expedient for shewing its executive powers. 1803 Repton Landscape Gard. (1805) 47 If too many trees be introduced .. the effect becomes fritter’d. 1816 J. Scott Vis. Paris (ed. 5) 77 Broken mass of small windows, un¬ equal stories, frittered compartments. 1853 Robertson Serin. Ser. 11. 337 A foolish, frivolous, disgraceful, frittered past. 1889 Spectator 9 Nov., This frittering away of feeling on the scenes of an opera. Fritterer (firtorsi), [f. Fritter v. + -er 1 .] One who fritters or wastes (time). 1837 Lowell Lett. (1894) I. 14 On this day .. have I, erst the most incorrigible of time’s fritterers, learned.. twenty (!) pages in Cicero. 1892 Welsh Rev. Feb. 351 The un¬ awakened but happy fritterer. + Fri’ttle, a. Obs. ? Fickle. 1579 Tomson Calvins Serin. Tim. 612/1 We are so frittle, that though the way be plaine and beaten before vs, yet can we hardly lift vp one foote. 1638 Farley Emblems xxxix, Then to the frittle people he doth stinke. Friture, obs. form of Fritter sb . 1 + Fri vol, a. and sb. Chiefly Sc. Obs. Forms: 5 frewall, -ill, 5-6 -ell, -oil, 5-6 frivole, 7 -oil, fryvol(l)e, 6 frevol(l, fruell, 7 frival(l. [a. F. frivole , ad. L .frivol-us : see Frivolous.] A. adj. 1 . Fickle, unreliable. c 1470 Henry Wallace 11.144 Frewill [v.r. freuoll] fortoun thus broucht him in the snar. Ibid. v. 646 The obserwance Quhilk langis luff, and all his frewill [v. r. freuoll] chance. 2 . Frivolous, of little account, paltry, trumpery, flimsy, absurd. (In quot. 1894 merely a nonce-use.) 1492 Ada Dom. Cone. (1839) 246/1 Nain vther frewell exceptioune. 1497 Bi*. Alcock Mons Perfect. B iij, Whiche ah ben but fryvole excuses. 1501 Douglas Pal. Hon. 11. xxiii. My friwoll actioun. 1573 Satir. Poems Reform, xlii. 883 Thair friuole foches to repeit. 1605 Chapman All Fooles Plays 1873 I. 134, I did (to shift him with some con¬ tentment) Make such a frivall promise. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj ., St at. Robt. II 49 The saidis frivoll and dilatour ex¬ ceptions being omitted. [1894 Sat. Rev. 9 June 615/2 That wearyftd transition from the novel simply frivol to the novel frivol-philosophic.] B. sb. A frivolous thing, a trifle. c 14S0 tr. De Imitatione in. xxvii. 97 Wij?outen \?e all hinges are friuoles. C1489 Caxton Blanchardvn xii. 44 Put out of your ymaginacyon suche casuall fryuolles. + Frivol, v. 1 Sc. Ohs ~ 1 [f. prec. adj.] trails. To declare frivolous ; to quash, set aside. J 533 Bellenden Livy i. (1822) 45 Gif thir jugis frivole his appellacioun, and convict him. Frivol (friVl), v. 2 Not in dignified use. Also frivel, frivvle. [Back-formation from Frivo¬ lous.] intr. To behave frivolously, to trifle. Also, to frivol aivay (money, time): to spend foolishly. 1866 Mrs. Whitney L. Goldthwaitc iv. (1873) 56 They will come, and frivel about the gates, without ever once entering in. 1883 Clack in Illustr. Loud. News 251 If you want to frivvle .. I shut my door on you. 1885 L. Wingfield Barbara Philpot II. v. 152 Had he not drawn 5,000/. a year, .which his Duchess frivolled away ? Hence Frivolling vbl. sb. and ppl. a. Also Frivoller, one who 1 frivols \ 1882 Tales Mod. O.xf. vii. 183 So between cricket and boating and frivoling at the vicarage, the sunny summer days sped along. 1883 Athenaeum 31 Mar. 405/3 We fear that very little confidence could be felt in the frivolling princes of Simla. 1889 A. Sergeant Esther Denison II. iv. xxxii. 268, I am a born trifler—a flaneur—a * frivoller j as we call it in our modern slang. Fri volism. ? Obs. [f. Frivol a. +-ism.] 1 . A frivolous occupation. 1778 Apthorpe Preval. Chr. 179 Botany, entomology, and other frivolisms. 2 . Frivolity. In diets, citing Priestley. Frivolist (fri'volist). [f. as prec. + -ist.] One who gives his time to frivolity. 1884 Chr. World Pulpit XXV. 138/2 Look on the frivolist. He is endowed with capacity for thought and will and aspiration, but he lives making life a laugh. Frivolity (frivpfliti). [ad. F. frivolitt : see Frivol a. and -ity.] 1 . The quality of being frivolous; disposition to trifle, frivolous behaviour, levity. 1796 Burke Regie. Peace i. Wks. VIII. 86 When frivolity and effeminacy had been .. acknowledged as their national character by the good people of this kingdom. 1816 Scott Antiq. xii, Musing upon the frivolity of mortal pursuits. 1841-4 Emerson Ess., Expcr. Wks. (Bohn) I. 189 A pre¬ occupied attention is the only answer to the importunate frivolity of other people. 2 . A frivolous act or thing. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick, iii, Mr. Nickleby glanced at these frivolities with great contempt. 1845 Maurice Mor. # Met. Philos, in Eucycl. Metrop. II. 625/1 Pithy maxims of conduct .. entering into the lowest details and frivolities. Frivolize (frrvobiz), v. [f. Frivol a ., Fri¬ volous)-!--^.] trans. To render frivolous. 1821 Examiner 662/2 The mode in which the King is spoken of.. is improved through a French strainer, which frivolises it most admirably. 1849 Robertson Serin. Ser. 1. Sozuer , Human presence, if frivolous, in such moments frivolizes the soul. 1878 C. Stanford Symb. Christ vii. 195 You are allowing some levity to frivolize your life. Frivolous (fri'vobs). Forms: 6 frivolus, fryvolous(e, (7 frivoulous), 6-7 frivelous, (6 fryvlous), 7 frivilous, 6- frivolous, [f. L./rf- vol-us + -ous. Cf. Frivol a.] 1 . Of little or no weight, value, or importance; paltry, trumpery ; not worthy of serious attention ; having no reasonable ground or purpose. 1549 Bale LelancTs N. V. Gift D iv, We fynde for true hystoryes, most fryuolouse fables and lyes. 1578 Timme Caluine oil Gen. 25 It is too frivolous and vaine to ex¬ pound this worde. 1624 Ld. Kensington in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. III. 172 In their frivolous delayes, and in the unreasonable conditions which they propounded. 1648 Gage West Ind. xx. 169 His answers seeming frivolous. c 1670 Wood Life (O. H. S.) I. 398 The warden .. did put the college to unnecessary charges, and very frivolous expences. 1770 Junius' Lett, xxxix. 198 They voted his information frivolous. 1776 Adam Smith W. N. i. xi. (1869) I. 184 The other frivolous ornaments of dress and furniture. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth vii, The slight and frivolous complaints unnecessarily brought before him. 1871 Dixon Tower III, xxv. 280 He was arrested on a frivolous charge. b. Law. In pleading : Manifestly insufficient or futile. 1736 in Szoift's Lett. (1766) II. 249 The decree was affirmed most unanimously, the appeal adjudged frivolous. 1883 Sir H. Cotton in Law Rep. 11 Q. Bench Div. 532 Unless the counter-claim is frivolous and unsubstantial. 2 . Characterized by lack of seriousness, sense, or reverence; given to trifling, silly. 1560 tr. Fishers Treat. Prayer F ij, Eschewyng all vayne, friuolus, and vnfruitfull thoughtes. 1575 G. Harvey Letter- bk. (Camden) 101 Frivolous boyishe grammer schole trickes. 1687 Wood Life 21 Apr., The duke of Bucks is dead .. many frivolous things extant—‘Bays’, a comedy. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 156 p6 From reading frivolous Books, and keeping as frivolous Compan}'. 1783 Johnson 18 Apr. in Boswell, He may be a frivolous man, and be so much occupied with petty pursuits, that he may not want friends. 1862 Miss Braddon Lady Audley ix. 63 Lady Audley amused herself in her own frivolous fashion. absol. 1836 Emerson Nat., Idealism Wks. (Bohn) II. 160 The frivolous make themselves merry with the Ideal theory, as if its consequences were burlesque. Hence Frivolously^/^., Frivolousness. 1611 Cotgr., Vainement , vainely, friuolously, to no pur¬ pose. 1624 Donne Serin. (Alford) V. exxx. 330 If Abraham had any such doubts, of a Frivolousness in so base a Seal. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 448 p 2 The frivolously false ones. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 119 To ..judge of the weight or frivolousness of objections. 1812 G. Chalmers Dom. Econ. Gt. Brit. 396 This argument .. has been found to have, at least, the pertinacity of faction, if it have not the frivolousness of folly. 1885 Ld. Blackburn in Lazo Rep. 10 Appeal Cases 223 The bankrupt being held to be acting frivolously and vexatiously. Frixe, obs. form of Frisk a. + Fri'xion. Obs. [as if ad. L. *frixion-em 1 n. of action f. fngere (ppl. stem frlx -) to roast.] (See quots.) 1612 Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 271 Frixion is the preparation of some medicaments, with oyl, butter, [etc.]. 1657 Tomlinson Renous Disp. 66 Assation and Frixion differ thus. t Fri'xory. Obs. [ad. L. frixorium , f. as prec.] A frying-pan. 1657 Tomlinson Renous Disp. 472 That same supellex is necessary.. as Pottengers, Frixories, etc. Friz, variant of Frizz. t Frizado, sb. Obs. Forms: 6-8 frisfe-, frysado(w(e, (6 fres-, frisc-, friz-, 7 friez(eja- do(w), 7-frizado. [a. Sp .frisado (obs.), explained to mean ‘silk plush ’, f. frisar = Fr. friser to curl (hair), raise a nap on (cloth); see F rizz, F rieze vbs.~\ A fine kind of frieze. Also alt rib. 1542 Nottingham Rec. III. 220 One Spaynes cloke of fry- sado. 1546 O. Johnson in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 11. II. 175 Untill I have made sale of the frisados and lynnen cloeth. 1600 Vaughan Direct. Health (1633) 165 In Winter, your upper garment must be of Cotton or Friezeadow. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Praise Hempseed\iVs>. 111. 64/1 Our cottons, penistones, frizadoes, baze. 1719 D’Urfey Pills III. 272 And an old Frysadoe Coat to cover his Worship’s trunk Hose. Hence + Friza'do v. intr., to produce the appear¬ ance of frizado. In quot. transf 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas n. i. iv. Handit-crafts 591 A cleer Brook.. Whosegurglingstreamsfrizado’don the gravell. Prize, obs. form of Freeze, Frieze. Frizel, var. of Frizzle sb . 1 Frizette, Frizeur, vars. of Frisette, Friseur. + Frizilation. Obs.~ l [f. Frizzle v . 1 + -ATION.] The action of frizzling (hair). 1567 Fenton Trag. Disc. 141 Her chief and comon exer¬ cise, was, to force a frizilacion of her haire. Frizon, Frizure, var. ff. Frison 2 , Frisure. Frizz, friz (friz), sb. Also 7 frizze. [f. next vb.] The state of being frizzed or curled ; concr. frizzed hair ; a row or wig of crisp curls. 1668 Etheredge She would if she could 111. iii, Draw a Comb through him, there is not such Another Frizz in Europe. 1685 Loud. Gaz. No. 2075/4 Her hair brown of a natural Frizze or Curl about the forehead. 1704 Addison Italy (1733) 189 A little Friz, like a Tower, running round the Edges of the Face. 1802 Syd. Smith in Edin. Rev. I. 18 Dr. Parr’s wig..swells out into boundless convexity of frizz. 1827 T. Hamilton Cyril Thornton (1845) 277 His golden locks were spread out in the utmost amplitude of friz. 1861 Wynter Soc. Bees 517 Clustering glossy curls, which were sometimes made soft and semi-transparent by a peculiar friz. fig. 1848 Hare Guesses Ser. 11. (1867) 478 A similar full- bottomed well-curled friz of words. b. attrib. 1646 in Thornbury Haunted London (1865) 383 Gave to old Friz-wig ..0.6.0. 1713 Steele Englishm. No. 40. 260 A Head, .with a friz Wig and plenteous Cravat-string. Frizz, friz (friz), vJ Also 7 freeze, 7-8 frize, 8 frieze, [ad. Fr. /riser, = Sp. frisar, to curl (hair), raise a nap on (cloth); in the latter of these senses the Fr. vb. was adopted earlier: see Frieze vO The Eng. word seems to have been originally pronounced (friz), but to have afterwards undergone assimilation to the older Frizzle v. The origin of the Rom. vb. is disputed. There seems to be no good ground for the common view that it is of Teut. etymology (the interpretation of the ethnic name of the Frisians as 4 curly-haired ’ being a mere assumption); quite possibly it may be a mere special use of the homophonous F .friser Frieze z'. 1 ] 1 . trans. To curl or crisp (the hair) ; to form into a mass of small, crisp curls. 1660 Pepys Diary 22 Nov., Dressing of herself with her haire frized short up to her eares. 1750 F. Coventry Hist. Pompey 11. iii. (1785) 53/2 People who frize their hair in the newest fashion. 1771 Smollett Humph. Clinker (1895) 378 This machine f a tye-periwig] has been in buckle ever since, and now all the servants in the family were employed to frizz it out for the ceremony. 1777 W. Whitehead Goat's Beard 32 Is’t not enough you read Voltaire, While sneering valets frizz your hair? 1820 Lamb Elia Ser. 1. South-Sea Ho., He wore his hair, .powdered and frizzed out. 1862 H. Marry at Year in Sweden II. 41 Grayish hair, frizzed, in short crepe curls. 2 . intr. Of hair: To stand up in short crisp curls. Also trans. To set up (hair) on end; to erect. 1696 [see Frizzing ppl. a.]. 1791 W. Bartram Carolina 501 [The hair] at the crown of the head, .is about two inches broad .. and stands frized upright. 1810 Sporting Mag. XXXV. 246 The lion roaring and frizzing his shaggy crest. 3 . trans. To raise a bur on (the nap of cloth). = Frieze v. 1 1806 Webster Compend. Did., Friz , to form nap into small burs. 4 . In Leather-dressing: To rub (wash-leather, etc.) with pumice-stone or a blunt knife, so as to remove the grain, soften the surface, and give a uniform thickness. 1697 [see Frizzed ppl. a.]. 1726 Did. Rust. (ed. 3) s. v. Wet-glover , Frizing is the working the Skin woolly on one side. 1853 C. Morfit Arts of Tanning 434 The skins, after having been brought to a state of pelt. .are subjected to what is technically termed frizing, which is a rubbing with a pumice stone, or working under the round edge of a blunt knife. 1885 C. T. Davis Leather's. Iii. 681 The treatment with the scraping-knife being generally not sufficient for complete frizzing, the remaining portions of the grain are removed with another sharp knife. Hence Frizzed///, a., Frrzzingz^/. sb. andppl.a. c 1620 Z. Boyd Zion's E'lozvers (1855) 117 Freez’d Minions all, most brave in vaunts and vowes. 1689 Loud. Gaz. No. 2459/4 Black short frized Hair. 1696 W. Mountague Delights Holland 52 Fellows, with black frizzing Hair and great FRIZZ. 557 FRO. Whiskers. 1697 View Penal Laws 60 To use dry, curried and frized Leather, c 1770 Erskine Barber in Poet. Reg. (1810) 327 Ruin seize thee, scoundrel Coe ! Confusion on thy frizzing wait. 1787 Generous A tiachm. I. 28 His hair wears the flourishes of the most skilful of the frizzing tribe. 1822 W. Irving Braceb. Hall (1845) 309 The barber would thrust out his frizzed head, with a comb sticking in it. 1856 R. W. Procter Barbers Shop xxi. (1883) 204 He .. walked about London in his well-combed wig, frizzed and three tailed. 1874 Knight Diet. Meek. I. 917 Frizzing-machine, a machine on.which the nap of woolen cloth is formed into a number of little prominences or tufts. Frizz (friz), v.' 1 [f. Fry v. with echoic termi¬ nation.] a. intr. To make a sputtering noise in frying, b. trans. (See quot. 1891.) 1835 Marryat Jac. Faith/, ix, What's that frizzing in your frying-pan? 1891 Hartland Gloss ., Frizz ox Frizzle, to scorch or dry up. Frizzle (fri-z’l), sb. x [See Frizzle zl 1 ] 1 . Frizzled hair; a short crisp curl. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614' 650 They curie and fold the haire of their head, making a hill in the midst like a hat, with frizzles round about. 1641 Milton Animadv. (1851) 191 To rumple her laces, her frizzles, and her bobins. a 1845 Hood Hymeneal Retrosp. 1. vii, Though now they look only like frizzles of wool, By a bramble torn off from a sheep. 1879 Browning Ned Bratts 32 Some blue fly Which punc¬ tured a dewy scalp where the frizzles stuck awry. transf. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xvm. xiii, Bald crown of the landscape, girt with a frizzle of firwoods all round. + b. A frizzled wig. Obs. 1628 Bp. Hall Righteous Mammon Wks. 720 When his eyes should meet with a poudred frizle. 2 . [f. the vb.] The state of being frizzled. 1850 Hawthorne Scarlet L ., Custom Ho. (1851) 39 A wig of majestic frizzle. 3 . attrib. and Comb., as + frizzlefrize, - head ; frizzle-headed, - topped adjs. 1565 Golding _ Ovid's Met. vin. (1593) 208 The frizzle topped wench in coorse and sluttish geere. 1778 Miss Burney Evelina, lxxxii, Pray what do you do with that frizle-frize top of your own? 1840 Lady C. Bury Hist. Flirt iv, Fancy him bowing his little frizzle head. 1891 T. Hardy Tess I. 19 A frizzle-headed brawny damsel. Frizzle (fri - z’l), sb* dial. Also 7 frezel, 9 friz- (z)el. [? Corruption of Fusil.] (See quot. 1892.) 1629 Z. Boyd Last Battell Soule 1266 He is euer readie to strik fyre with his frezell and his flint, c 1817 Hogg Tales $ Sk. III. 192 Putting down the frizzel, and making it spring up again with a loud snap. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss. 305 Frizzle , in flint and steel guns the piece of iron acted on by the flint to produce the explosion. Frizzle (fri'z’l),z/.l Forms: 6 frisel,frysle,6-8 frisle, frizel(l, frizle, (7 frez-, frizil), 7- frizzle. [This and the related Frizzle sb. are of obscure origin; they occur much earlier than Frizz v. to curl (hair) from which they might be supposed to be derived; the verb to Frieze cloth, however, which is etymologically identical, is older, and may have given rise to frisel as a frequentative formation. Cf. OFris .frisle, fresle, head of hair, curls. North Yx\%. friessle, fressle head of hair, lock of hair, mod.Fris .frisseljen, frislen to plait (esp. the hair) ; but the origin of these words, and their relation to the Eng. words, is uncertain; cf. also OF .fresel a comb worn in the hair.] 1 . trans. To curl (hair) in small crisp curls. 1563-73 Cooper Thesaurus, Calamistratus, trimmed: crisped : or frisled. 1573 Twyne TEneid LI j, Lockes with bodkins frisled fine. 1631 Brathwait Eng. Gentlew. (1641) 283 A long lock he has got, and the art to frizle it. 1707 Curios, in Hush. <$• Gard. 277 ’Tis enough only that her Hair be not frizzled. 1766 [Anstey] Bath Guide xi. 41 A prodigious rough black Head of Hair That is frizzled and curl'd.o’er her Neck that is bare. 1822 W. Irving Braceb. Hall iv. 34 Her hair .. is frizzled out and put up with pins. 1869 Trollope He Knew vii, Her grey hair was always frizzled with the greatest care. absol. 1576 Gascoigne Steele Gl. Epil. 15 They .. bum- bast, bolster, frisle, and perfume, a 1613 Overbury A Wife (1638) 180 Hee studies by the discretion of his Barber, to frizle like a Baboone. + b. ? transf. To adorn with frills^or ruffles. Obs. [But possibly a distinct word. Cf. OF. fresele frilled, ruffled, f. fresel frill; also Frislet.] 1753 Songs Costume (Percy) 231 Frizzle your elbows with ruffles sixteen. 1755 Loud. Mag. July 3^3 Circling round her iv’ry neck, Frizzle out the smart Vandike. 2 . intr. for reft. To form into crisp curls ; to curl or twist up. 1607 Topsell Four/. Beasts (1658) 505 The dust of the same mixed with oyl. .doth cause the hair to frisle and curl. 1727 Bradley Fam. Diet. s. v. Crown-Scab, A. .malignant Matter, that breaks forth at the Roots of the Hair, where it sticks to the Skin, and makes it frizzle and stare. 1886 Laiv Times LXXXI. 84/1 The smoke and the noxious gases caused the leaves of the plants, etc., to curl and frizzle up. 13 . trans. To brush or touch lightly. Cf. Frieze v? 3. 1634 Peacham Gentl. Ex ere. 1. xxvi. 93 For a feather, Lake frizled with red lead. 1652 Wright tr. Camus ’ Nature's Paradox 134 The agreeable noise, which the Leaves of the Neighbouring Trees did make, when frizled by the Zephyr’s welcome Wings. Hence Frizzling ppl. a. Also Fri’zzler, one who frizzles. 1779 Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 55 Their comb.. with which they now and then combed their frizzling locks. 1779-80 Cook Voy. (1785) I. 183 In some it [hair] was of a frizzling disposition. 1816 J. Gilchrist Philos. Etym. 263 Mu¬ sicians, dancing-masters, perfumers, frizzlers, gilders. Frizzle (frrz’l), v. 2 [f. Frizz v 2 : see -le.] a. intr. — Frizz v, 2 a. b. trans . To fry, toast, or grill (with a sputtering noise). a. 1839 Thackeray Fatal Boots (1869) 362 A nice fresh steak was frizzling on the gridiron. 1863 Confess. Ticket- of-Lcave Man 77 Jack dropped the candle, and set some of the wigs frizzling. 1874 Dasent Tales Fjeld 187 He heard the molten lead bubbling and frizzling in our clerk’s throat. b. 1858 Hawthorne Fr. It. Jrnls. II. 134 When the sun had the fairest chance to frizzle me. 1888 Burgon Lives 12 Gd. Men I. iv. 388 To pull a herring daily from the string, and to frizzle it. .for breakfast. Hence Frizzled, Fri zzling’ ppl. adjs. Also Frizzle sb., the action of the vb. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. iv, Aunt Chloe .. pre¬ siding, .over certain frizzling items in a stewpan. i860 A ll Year Round 460 My frizzling brains. 1891 Rutland Gloss. s.v. * The doctor says as how he’s to hev some frizzled mutton.’. 1894 Crockett Raiders (ed. 3) 35 Flounders s . with their tails jerking Flip, flap, in the frizzle of the pan. Frizzled (frrzl’d), ppl. a. [f. Frizzle v . 1 + -ed i.] In senses of the vb. : a. of hair. Also, of a wig, the head: Consisting of or covered with crisp curls. Of a fowl: see quot. 1885. 1567 Drant Horace's Art Poetrie , etc. Ciija, Mecasnas, if I meete with the without my frisled top, Not notted fyne and fashion lyke. 1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Cam¬ den) 103 A gallant friseld pate. 1598 Barckley Felic. Man in. (1603) 272 You shall have a halter in place of your frizeled haire. 1650 Bulwer Anthropomet. ii. 58 The frizled and over-powdered Gallants of our times. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 250 Displumed geese, as likewise most part of the ducks were, the rest frizeled. 1725 Bradley Fam. Diet. s.v. Poultry , Frisled Hens .. may also be put into the Yard. 1779 Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 6 He called it New Guinea, from the frizzled locks of the inhabitants. 1817 Lady Granville Lett. June (1894) I. 101 A fine, courteous-looking seigneur, with a grey frizzled head. 1847 Ld. Lindsay Chr. Art I. 126 Cain is represented with frizzled hair. 1885 Tegetmeier in Encycl. Brit. XIX. 645 Frizzled fowls are birds in which each feather curls outwards away from the body. They are common in India. fig. *577 Harrison England Pref. (1877) nijl hope that this foule frizeled Treatise of mine will prooue a spur to others better learned. 1652 Benlowes Theoph. v. vii. 68 ,1 will Neglect curl’d Phrases frizled skill, b. of other objects. 1596 R. L[inche] Diella(x%jfi 66 Alltapistred with Natures mossie greene, Wrought in a frizled guise. 1599 Thynne A nimadv. (1875) 33 note, Auri/risium frisled cloth of gold. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 396 Those [citron tables] that are frisled with small spots standing thicke. 1613-16 W. Browne Brit. Past. 11. v. 158 The frizled coates which doe the moun- taines hide. 1667 Milton P. L. vii. 323 The. .Bush with frizl’d hair implicit. . 1746-7 Hervey Medit. (1818) 101 The parsley, with her frizzled locks, a 1803 Beattie Hares 34 O’er their head The furze its frizzled covering spread. 1784- 1815 Annals o/Agric., Suff. V. 251 (E. D. S.) Frizled. ‘ The straw [of the potatoes] beingfrizled (curled) as they call it here.’ Frizzling (fri’zlig), vbl. sb. [f. Frizzle v . 1 + -ing L] The action of the vb. Frizzle in various senses; an instance of this. Also attrib. 1592 T. Timme Ten Eng. Lepers F iij, The divell himselfe was the first inventer of .. frizling. 1611 Coryat Crudities 261 A frisling or crisping pinne of iron. 1633 P rynne His triom. 1. vi. i. 303 Meretricious Paintings, Fnzlings, Pouldrings, Attyrings, and the like. 1862 Sala Accepted Addr. 128 No frizzling tongs had ever been heard of in their vicinity. Frizzly (fri-zli), a. [f. Frizzle sb T + -Y 1 .] Full of frizzles or crisp curls. 1707 J. Stevens tr. Quevedo's Com. Wks. (1709) 370 Frizly black .. Hair. 1782 Elphinston tr. Martial 11. xxxvi. 103 Nor with frizzly shock, nor frowsy hair., 1833 Longf. Outre-Mer Prose Wks. 1886 I. 264 The crisping, frizzly waves glide in snaky folds. 1882 Day 0/ Rest 206 The under steward—whose frizzly unkempt head of hair stood out. .round his head like a halo. Frizzy (frrzi), a. [f. Frizz sb. + -y h] Of, pertaining to, or resembling a frizz. 1870 Dasent Annals (ed. 4) I. 339 A thing with frizzy hair all down her neck. 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. I. 217 Mr. Lush's .. strong black grey-besprinkled hair of frizzy thickness. 1881 Tylor Anthropol. 72 The Africans show the woolly or frizzy kind [of hair]. + Fro, sb. Obs .— 1 [? a. ON. fro in the same sense.] Comfort, relief. a 1310 in Wright’s Lyric P. xxxvi. 100 Of myne deden fynde y non fro. Fro (frrdLight Dragoons 39 The buttons set on three and three upon yellow frogs or loops. 1848 Craig, Frog .. a small barrel-shaped silk ornament with tassels, used in the decoration of mantles, etc. 1896 Daily News 19 Mar. 6/5 Serge suits and tweed costumes are better adapted than any other to this style of ornamentation. Frogs are sold in sets to accompany the braiding. 3 . Comb., as frog-belt, -button. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 11. iv. (1840) II. 68 He drew a hatchet out of a frog-belt. 1827 Hone Every-day Bk. II. 190 A coat with frog-buttons. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Frog-belt, a baldrick. Frog 4 (fiTg). (See quot. i860.) i860 Worcester (citing Williams), Frog (Railroads), a grooved piece of iron placed at the junction of the rails where one track crosses another. 1889 Scott. Leader 30 Apr. 5 The accident.. would appear to have been caused by the train suddenly leaving the rails at a ‘ frog'. Frog-fish. A name given to various fishes, esp. to the Angler or Fishing-frog ( Lophius pisca- torius ). Other varieties belong to the genera Ba- trachus and Chironcctes. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iii. xxiv. 169 The .. Frog- fish. 1769 Pennant Zool. (1776) III. 105 Toad-fish, Frog- fish, or Sea-Devil. 1835-6 Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 114/2 The oesophagus of the frog-fish leads to a large globular stomach. 1879 Rossiter Diet. Sci. Terms, Frog fishes, Chironectes. Frogged (frpgd), ppl. a. [f. Frog 3 + -ed -.] Of a coat, etc.: Fastened or ornamented with frogs. 1774 W. Cole in J. Granger's Lett. (1805) 370 Coat with frogs, and slashed sleeves frogged also. 1796 J. Anstey Pleader's Guide (1803) 181 Which coat, so trimmed, so frog’d, said Gull Did spoil. 1812 H. & J. Smith Rej. Addr. ii. (1873) 13 note. Young Betty, .clad in a furred and frogged surtout. 1861 Thackeray Four Georges iv. (1862) 188 A frogged frock-coat with a fur collar. Froggery (ftp-gen). [f. Frog 1 + -ery.] 1 . An assemblage of frogs, frogs collectively. 1785 Sara Fielding Ophelia II. ii, The concert, of which the froggery made the bass. 1842 Blaclew. Mag. LI. 47 A thrush, who is watching the froggery from above. 2 . A place where frogs are kept or abound. 1763 Eliz. Carter in Pennington's Memoirs (1808) I. 335 A very high causeway, with a perpendicular descent on each side to the toaderies and frogeries below. 1854 Tail's Mag. XXL 695 He had what he called a Froggery and Toadery at the bottom of his orchard. 1871 Echo 14 Jan., Mr. .. confesses to have actually kept a ‘froggery’ for his own private consumption. Frogging (fizgig), vbl. sbJ [f. Frog 1 -! -ing l.J Catching frogs, fishing for frogs. Also attrib . 1651-7 T. Barker Art of Angling (1820)25 Pikes go a frogging. 1884 G. W. Sears Woodcraft (Cent.', When. .fish¬ ing is very poor, try frogging. 1893 J. A. Barry S. Brcrwn's Bunyip, etc. 78 A thumping, lively carpet snake, whose frogging ground he had intruded on. 1895 K. Grahame Golden Age 182 Nor had he gone frogging by himself. Frogging (ftp-gig), vbl. sbf [f. Frog-* + -ing l.J The ornamentation on a frogged coat. 1888 Times 20 Jan. 5/3 A Bohemian costume, made up of a long, frogged coat-this frogging being, by the way, an essentially Hungarian ornament. Froggish %-giJ), a. [f. Frog sl >. 1 + -ish.] Frog-like. a 1889 J. G. Wood (Cent.), The froggish aspect. Froggy (fipgi), sb. [f. Frog i + -y.] 1 . A playful designation for a frog. 1840 Hood Up the Rhine 129 A series of frogs, from the full-grown froggy..down to that minute frogling or tadpole. 2 . slang. A term of contempt for a Frenchman, from their reputed habit of eating frogs. 1872 S. de Vere Americanisms 82 As when Frenchmen were dubbed Froggies. 1894 Astley 50 Years Life I. 203 With the assistance of ‘ Froggy’, we succeeded in filling all our bottles. Froggy (fip'gi), a. [f. Frog 1 + -y L] 1 . Having or abounding in frogs. 1611 Cotgr., Grenonilliere , a froggie place. 1823 Blackw. Mag. XIII. 458 A. .slimy, froggy pool. 1882 Edna Lyall Donovan xxiv, Why are you wandering up and down the very froggiest and toadiest path in the garden? 2 . Frog-like, such as a frog would have. 1837 Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) IV. 223 The little Whigs, .are puffing out their froggy sides to the dimensions of the ox. 1883 R. F. Burton & Cameron Gold Coast I. iii. 59 Froggy faces. Froghood (frp’ghud). [f. Frog 1 + -hood.] Quality or standing as a frog. a 1770 C. Smart Duellist 32 Too hard for any frog’s digestion, To have his froghood call’d in question. 1888 G. Allen in Gd. Words 230 In the accomplished dignity of perfect froghood. Frogland (frp'glxnd). [f. Frog 1 + Land sbi] Marshy land in which frogs abound, as the Fens, Holland, etc. In quots. attrib. only. 1721 Ramsay Tartana xxxiii, May she be curst to starve in frogland fens. 1830 Scott Auchindrane 1. i, A Nether¬ lander, One of our Frogland friends. So Fro-glander, slang, a Dutchman. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Frog-landers, Dutch-men. 1867 in Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. Frogling (frp-gliq). [dim. of Frog 1 : see -ling.] A little frog ; also, a tadpole. 1742 Jarvis Quix. i. iii. iv. (1749) 107 He does not fail..the wormlings of the earth, nor the froglings of the water. 1831 Carlyle in For. Q. Rev. VIII. 365 A Frog with Frogling by his side Came hopping through the plain. 1840 Hood Up the Rhine 129 That minute frogling, or tadpole. Frog-march, frog’s-march. 1 . A movement forward in frog fashion. 1880 Sir S. Lakeman Kaffir-land iv. 26 He had had a frog’s march—that is to say, on hands, belly, and knees. 2 . slang. The method of carrying a drunken or refractory prisoner face downwards between four men, each holding a limb. 1871 Evening Standard 18 Apr. 5/4 They did not give the defendant the ‘Frog’s March’. 1882 Daily Tel. 20 Nov. 2/2 Treating a refractory toper to the frog’s-march, by carry¬ ing him, face downwards, to the station. 1885 in West. Morn. News 2 Jan. 7/3 What is known as the * frog’s march ’. Hence Frog-march, frog’s-march v. irans. ; Frog-marching vbl. sb. 1884 B'ham Weekly Post 15 Nov. 3/7 Deceased was * frog’s- marched’ —that is, with face downwards —from Deal to Walmer.- 1894 Times 8 May 13/6 Death was accelerated by the ‘ frog marching’. Frog-mouth, frog’s mouth. 1 . A name given to the Snapdragon (see quot.). 1851 S. Thomson Wild FI. iii. (ed. 4) 252 The great snap¬ dragon or frog’s-mouth (.Antirrhinum majus). 2 . A bird of the family Podargidce. 1888 Riverside Nat. Hist. IV. Birds 387 The frog-mouths {Batrachostomus) are confined to southern India [etc.]. Frog-spawn, frogs’ spawn. 1 . The ova, spawn, or young of frogs. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. iii. 11. ii. (1651)200 He had .. swallowed frogs-spawn. 1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 228 Frog’s Spawn. 1833 J. Rennie Aiph. Angling 11 Carp .. will devour small eels, frog-spawn, and the roe or the young of fishes. 1885 Syd. Soc. Lex., Frog's spazun, the ova of the common frog. .Once used in medicine. attrib. 1710 Steele Tatler^o. 245 P2 A Collection of Receipts to make. .Frog Spawn Water. 2 . The popular name for certain freshwater algce, which form green and’slimy masses floating on the surface of ponds and ditches. 1864 Realm 15 June 546 Cities to which Genoa is a cob¬ web on a wall and Venice mere frog-spawn in a puddle. 1884 Public Opinion 5 Sept. 299/1 Slime and frog-spawn are the chief products of these holes. fig. 1895 J. Smith Message of Exodus xix. 297 God in whom his fathers trusted was different from the frog-spawn of superstition. 3 . Sugar- 7 )ianuf. A fungus destructive to saccha¬ rine solutions. 1887 tr. De Bary's Fungi 469 Leuconostoc mesenterioides, the ‘ frog-spawn ’ of sugar-factories. Froise, fraise (froiz, fnr'z). Forms: 4-7 froyse, froyze, 5 froys, 7 frois, (froyes), 7-9 froize, 4- froise, S- fraise. [The twofold spelling FROKIN. 560 FROM. with ai, oi would seem to point to a Fr. etymon, OF. *frcis, *freise, repr. popular Lat. *frixum, -a, var. of frixum, -a, pa. pple. neut. and fem. of frlgerc to Fey ; but the word has not been found.] A kind of pancake or omelette, often containing slices of bacon. 1338 Durh. MS. Cell. Roll , In Carnibus pore 1 pro froys, ij d. 1390 Gower Con/. II. 93 He routeth with a slepy noise And brustleth as a inonkes froise Whan it is throwe into the panne. 14.. Nom. in Wr.-Wiilcker 741/29 Hoc frixum , a froys. 1579 Twyne Phisicke agst. Port. 11. cxvi. 310 b, Eschue puddinges, sausages, froyses,and al manner confected and mengled meates. 1651 Randolph, etc. Hey for Honesty v. Wks. (1875) 475 They’d make mefroisesand flapjacks too. 1672 T. B .Let. to Author Vind. Clergy 79 To smell a Fanatick as far as another man shall do broil’d Herrings, or a burnt froise. 1755 Johnson, Praise, a pancake with bacon in it. 1819 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. XLVII. 133 The general . .threw the froize out of the window. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk ., Praise , a kind of pancake eaten with sweet sauce: it was thicker than the ordinary pancake, and made with a ‘stifler' batter. Froit, Sc. var. Frot ; obs. form of Fruit. t Fro*kin. Obs. [a. Du. + vrouwken (Kilian), dim. of vrouw : see Frow and -kin.] A little Dutch woman ; a Dutch child. 1603 Dekker Wonderfull Yeare Divb, A little Frokin (one of my Dutch runnawayes children). 1620 Middleton Courtly Masque Wks. (Bullen) VII. 169 You,blue-ey’d frokin, looks like fire and brimstone. 1738 Common Sense (1739) II. 58 My Neighbours Jearn nothing but to be so proud they won’t darn their own Linnen, and all their Talk is of nothing but Mantelets, Frokins, Farinelli, and London Midwives. Frolic (fr^’lik), sb. [f. Frolic v. or a .] 1 . An outburst of fun, gaiety, or mirth ; a prank. Also, + a flourish (on the drum). On the frolic : on the ‘ spree \ a 1635 Corbet To Ld. Mor daunt no Whiles the bold Drum Strikes up his Frolick, through the Hall they come. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 311 Thou and I will enjoy our selves in uncontrouled Frolicks, and Discourse. 1681 Dry- den Sp. Friar m.iii, I was upon the frolic this evening, and came to visit thee in masquerade. 1700 Cibber Love makes Man v. iii, What, is my deary in her frolics already? 1784 Franklin Autobiog. Wks. 1840 I. 101, I spent no time in taverns, games, or frolics of any kind. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xxx, But mark you, it shall be the last of my frolics. 1873 Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. 11. 176 He .. often filled whole pages, .with the gay frolics of his pencil. b. Fun, merriment, sportive mirth. 1676 D’Urfey Mad. Fickle iii. i, There’s mirth and frolick in't. a 1715 Burnet Own Time (1766) I. 282 To such a madness of frolick and intemperance. 1774 Goldsm. Petal. 52 Alas, that such frolic should now be so quiet ! a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) I. 276 Those who meet as we have met, In frolic and in laughter. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 39 All young creatures are full of motion and frolic. c. = Whim. 1711 Swift Jrnl. to Stella 5 Apr., If the frolic should take you of going to Bath, I here send you a note on Parvisol. 2 . A scene or occasion of gaiety or mirth; a merry-making ; a party. In 17.S. = Bee 4. Also preceded by some modifying word, as reaping-, water-frolic. c 164s Howell Lett. vi. 37, I intend to wait on you, and give you a frolik. 1663 Cowley Cutter Coleman St. v. x, We hit upon this Frolick, Colonel, only for a kind o’ Mask . .to celebrate your Nuptials. 1770 Mad. D’Arblay Early Diary 20 Apr., I told him of my frolick for Friday. 1817 J. Bradbury Trav. Amer. 292 This operation is almost always the subject of what they term a frolic, or in some places, a bee. 1833 Ht. Martineau Briery Creek i. 18 They meant to have a reaping frolic when the corn should be ripe. It should be a pic-nic. 1895 E. Anglia Gloss., Frolic , water-frolic, a gala, regatta, or water-picnic. + 3 . ? Humorous verses circulated at a feast. Obs. 1616 B. Jonson Deznl an Ass 11. viii, To see him..drinke vnto ’hem ; And then talke baudy: and send frolicks ! O ! 1631 R. H. Arraignm. Whole Creature xiv. § 2. 244 Move- able as Shittlecockes. . or as Frolicks at Feasts, sent from man to man, returning againe at last, to the first man. + 4 . A plaything; toy. Obs. 1650 Fuller Pisgah iv. vii. 136 Apples were dedicated unto her, and her image commonly made with such fruit, as a frolick in her hand. Hence TroTicful a. ; + Frolicky a. Obs., full of frolic, frolicsome. 1848 Craig, Frolicful. 1748 Richardson Clarissa V. xxiv. 209 A little too frolicky that air—Yet have I prepared my Beloved to expect .. great vivacity and quality-freedom, 1751 I bid. {ed. 4) V. x. 68 Yet may we.. make a good frolicky half-day with them. Frolic (frp*lik), a. Forms: 6-8 frol(l)i(c)k(e, (6 fralicke, fro(w)lyke), 6-9 frolique, (7 froe- lich), 6- frolic, [a. Du. vrolijk (in Kilian vro- lick), = OS. *frolic (whence frolico adv.), OHG. frolich (MHG. vrdlich, vrcdic, modi.Qer. frohlich) ; f. MDu. vro— OHG. fr$ (MHG. vro, mod.G .froh) glad, joyous.] 1 . In early use: Joyous, merry, mirthful. In later use with sense derived from the vb.: Frolicsome, sportive, full of merry pranks. 1538 Bale Thre Lawes 1794 And make frowlyke chere, with hey how fryska jolye ! c 1600 Day Begg. Bednall Gr. n. i. (1881) 30 Fair Love, be frolick ; talk no more of death and care. 1632 Milton L'Allegro 18 The frolic wind that breathes the spring. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. 1. § 74 The Nature and Education of Spain restrain’d men from .. Gayety, and Frolique humour. 1676 Etheredge Man of Modew. i, Then sparkling champagne. .Makes us frolic and gay. 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Gard. 11. 140 Galantha .. prints with frolic step the melting snows. 1844 Disraeli Coningsby vii. iv, Her voice was rich and sweet; the air she sang, .fan¬ tastically frolic. 1873 Holland A. Bonnie, iii. 60 A thousand forms of frolic life. absol. a 1656 Bp. Hall Rcm. Wks. (1660) 182 Blessed are the frolick and joviall. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 176 it 6 you may find Instances of the Haughty, the Proud, the Frolick, the Stubborn, who are each of them in secret downright Slaves. 1779-81 Johnson L. P ., Addison Wks. III. 54The Tatler and Spectator, .taught the frolic and the gay to unite merriment with decency. fb. transf. of colours, wine, etc. Obs. ?i6o6 Drayton Eclog. iv, Poems , etc., Ejb, She ware a frock of frolicke green. 1644 Quarles Barnabas B. 2 Eat thy bread with a merry heart, and gulp down care in frolic cups of liberal wine. 1648 Herrick Hesper ., Ode for B. fonson , And yet, each Verse of thine Out-did the meat, out-did the frolick wine. + 2 . Free; liberal. Const, of Obs.— 1 1593 Pass. Morrice 70 Shee began to perceave that Master Anthonie was changed, being nothing so frolick of his kind¬ ness as he had been. 3 . quasi- adv. or interjectional. 1594 Lodge Wounds Civ. War (1883) 19 Frolike braue Souldiers wee must foote it now. 1596 Shaks. Tam. Shr. iv. iii. 184 Therefore frolicke, we will hence forthwith. 4 . Comb., as frolic-hearted adj. 1646 Quarles Judgemt. <$• Mercy Wks. (Grosart) I. 73/2 The vacant houres of frolique-hearted youth. Hence + FroTickish a., somewhat sportive; •p FroTickness, the state of being frolic. 1617 Hieron Wks. II. 104 Dost thou maruell at his frollike- nesse and iollitie. 1660 Charac. Italy To Rdr. A iv, The more frolickish Genius, who no doubt is freer from intended mischief then the thoughtful man, will disgest it. a 1679 T. Goodwin Wks. (1704) V. 199 Mirth, Jollity, Frolickness of youth, as you call them. 1681 Glanvill Sadducismus 11. (1726) 453 Frolickness of Fancy. Frolic (frp'lik), v. Inflected frolicked, fro¬ licking. [f. the adj.; cf. ¥\em. frolickcn (Kilian), also Ger. frolilocken (where the second element is of obscure origin).] 1 . intr. To make merry; in later use, to play pranks, gambol, caper about. Also, to frolic it. 1593 Tcll-Troth's N. Y. Gift 29 They frolique both in glory. 1601 ? Marston Pasquil <$• Kath. 1. 52 ’Tis Whitson- tyde, and we must frolick it. 1624 Ford Sun's Darling v. i, I come to frolic with you, and to cheer Your drooping souls by vigour of my beams. #1677 Barrow Wks. (1687) I. xiv. 201 Those who can devise no other subjects to frollick upon beside these. Ibid. 205 It would not be seemly to frolick it thus. 1770 Goldsm. Des. Fill. 257 Lightly they frolic o’er the vacant mind. 1780 Johnson Lett. 11 Apr., My mistress .. laughs, and frisks, and frolicks it all the long day. 1823 Byron Island in. iii, Its bounding crystal frolick’d in the ray. 1841-4 Emerson Ess., Poet Wks. (Bohn) I. 158 Talent may frolic and juggle ; genius realizes and adds. 1886 Ruskin Prxterita I. vi. 181 Horses, .frolicking with each other when they had a chance. quyrii-trans. 1798 Spirit Pub. frills. (1799) II. 194 *Twas theirs. .To laugh, intrigue, and frolic life away. 2 . trans. + a. To make joyous or merry (obs.) b. [from the sb.] To give 1 frolics’ or parties to. 1583 Stanyhurst ZEneis iii. (Arb.) 81 Also mye com¬ panions in country cittye be frollickt. 1627-77 Feltham Resolves 1. lxxv. Wks. 115 Virtue .. gives such Cordials, as frolick the heart, in the press of adversity. 1807-8 W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 137 By dint of dinners, of feeding and frolicking the town, the Giblet family worked themselves into notice. Hence Frolicking vbl. sb. and ppl. a. Also Frolicker, one who frolics; Fro’lickery hionce - wd. [see -ery], buffoonery. 1676 Teonge Diary (1825) *65 All the day following they spend in frollikeing with their women, c 1741 Brainerd in Edwards Lifey. (1851) 3 Addicted to young company or frolicing {as it is called). 1786 Mad. D’Arblay Diary Nov., In the midst of this frolicking, .the King entered. 1801 in D. L. Leonard Papers Ohio Ch. Hist. Soc. (1894) V. 48 Swearers and Sabbath-breakers, frolickers and dancers were pricked and crying for mercy. 1829 Cobbett Adv. to Lover § 147 Winter is the great season for jaunting and dancing (called frolicking) in America. 1851 Sir F. Palgrave Norm. <$• Eng. I. 408 He took to the trade in frolickery. 1872 ‘Mark Twain’ Innoc. Abr. i. 11 A long summer day’s laborious frolicking. 1887 Bowen Virg. Eclog. ii. 64 Frolick¬ ing she-goat roves to the cytisus flower to be fed. t FroTicly, adv. Obs. Also frolickly. [f. Frolic a. + -ly 2 .] In a frolic manner; mirthfully. 1592 Greene Upst. Courtier Gij, A mad merrie crue.. leping ouer the field, as frolikly as if they ought not all the world two pence. 1658 Rowland Moufeis Theat. Ins. \f.o2 The Fox..very froliquely being delivered from their [fleas’] molestation. .swims to land, a 1674 Clarendon Hist. Reb. ix. § 14 But, after some days frolickly spent at Bath, he return’d to his former temper. Frolicsome (fqrliks£m), a. Also frolick- som(e. [f. Frolic v. or sb. + -some.] Full of frolic; gay, merry, mirthful. 1699 Shaftesb. Virtue 11. 11. iii, A gay and frolicksome Delight in what is injurious to others. 1724 R. Falconer Voy. (1769) 86 Instead of coming on board to be frolicksome and merry, we should have given Thanks. 1791 Boswell Johnson Ded., Dr. Clarke, .was unbending himself, .in the most playful and frolicksome manner. 1807-8 W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 147 In their frolicksome malice the Fates had ordered that a French boarding-house .. should be established directly opposite my aunt's residence. 1863 Geo. Eliot Romola 1. x, Mingled with the more decent holiday-makers there were frolicsome apprentices. Hence Fro licsomely adv., FroTicsomeness. 1727 Bailey, Frolicksomness. 1835 Blackw. Mag. XXXVIII. 23 They gave way. .to the. .mischievous frolic¬ someness. .of advanced boyhood. 1874 T. Hardy Madding Crcnvd I. xiii. 163 ‘Capital!' she exclaimed, throwing down the letter frolicsomely. 188. R. G. H[ill] Voices in Solitude 195 The fresh breeze.. frolicsomely flaps them on her breast. t Fro ligozeue, -one. Obs. [? suggested by Du. vrolijk zijn ‘ to be jolly ’: see Frolic a.] 1599 Porter Angry Worn. Abingd. (Percy) 50 Ha, my re- solued Nicke, froligozene ! 1634 Heywood & Brome Lane. Witches 1. B 2, What all lustick, all froligozone? From (fr^m), prep, (adv., conj.). Forms: 1-6 fram, 3-4 south, vram, vrom, 4 fromme, 5 frome, 1-from. [ O^. fram, frpm, = OS. fram , OHG .fram (MHG. vram), Goth .fram, ON. frd (see Fro). The primary sense is * forward’; cf. ON. fram(m (Sw. fram, Da. frevi) :—*framz = Goth, framis (comparative) * forward *, adv. ; cf. also the adj. OE .fram, from, ON .fram-r forward, valiant; further cognates are cited under Forme, Frame. From the sense 1 forward ’ were developed those of ( onward ', 1 on the way ’, 1 away whence the transition to the prepositional use is easy.] A. prep. 1 . Denoting departure or moving away: govern¬ ing a sb. which indicates a point of departure or place whence motion takes place. Also with advbs. prefixed (e.g. away, down, out). O. E. Chron. an. 874 Her for se here from Lindesse to Hreopedune. C1175 Lamb. Horn. 79 A mon lihte from ierusalem in to ierico. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 325 Harde- knout hys broker po hen wey sone nome Fram Denemarch in to Engelond. c 1320 Sir Tristr. 349 Out of hauen pai rade . .Fram \>e brimes brade Gun flete. c 1386 Chaucer Prol. 128 She leet no morsel from hir lippes falle. 1563 W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 4 Lifteth them up very high from the earth into the aire. 1611 Bible Gen. iv. 16 And Cain went out from the presence of the Lord. 1660 Barrow Euclid iii. Prop, xxviii. From the centers G , H draw GA, GC , and HD, HF. _ 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. iv, I came down from my apartment in the tree. 1762 Goldsm. Cit. W. xiii, I am just returned from Westminster Abbey. 1811 L. M. Hawkins C'tess <$• Gertr. IV. Ixxxv. 328, I should chuse to have her buried from her own house. 1838 Arnold Hist. Rome (1845) I. xi. 200 He., leapt down from his seat. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 399 During the voyage of the sacred ship to and from Delos. b. from .. to , used with repeated sb. to denote succession, change of place. Similarly in proverb. iphr.from post to pillar, and the like. 1530 Palsgr. 818/2 From towne to towne, de ville enyille. 1563 W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 24 When the Exhalation is driven from side to side of that cloud. 1583 Golding Calvin on Dent. c. 615 Certaine others of the faithfull whome God tossed from post to piller. 1583 Stubbes Anat. Abus. 11. (1882) 27 To beg their breade from doore to doore. 1631 Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 262 How often the body of Saint Augustine was tost from porch to pillar. 1821 Keats Lamia 27 From vale to vale, from wood to wood, he flew. 1849 Sir J. Stephen Eccl. Biog. I. 215 Xavier’s name was repeated from mouth to mouth with cries of vengeance. 2 . Indicating the starting-point or the first con¬ sidered of two boundaries adopted in defining a given extent in space. 971 Blickl. Horn. 5 Ac se geleafa sceal beon fram eorpan up to heofonum areaht. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 179 pe sae is biter, swo is ec pis woreld fram ende to o8er. c 1400 Lanfrands Cirurg. 2 Techinge pe anotomie of alle lymes from pe heed to pe foot. 1535 Coverdale 2 Sam. xxiv. 15 So that there dyed of the people from Dan vnto Berseba, thre score and ten thousande men. 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. i. 3 Full many Countreyes they did overronne, From the uprising to the setting Sunne. 1727 Gay Fables, Barley- Mow <$• Dunghill 2 How many saucy airs we meet, From Temple - bar to Aldgate • street! 1806-7 J- Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) vi. Miseries Stage Coaches iv, The whole machine, .groaning under its cargo from the box to the basket. 1845 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) 1 .16 Neustria ..extended from the Meuse almost to the present southern limits of France. 1884 Illustr. Lond. News 20 Dec. 603/1 From title to colophon all is sound and whole. b. Indicating the starting-point in a series or statement of limits. Expressions like ‘from four to ten’ are treated gram¬ matically as simple numerals, and may qualify the subject of a sentence, or the obj. of a vb. or prep. ciooo jElfric Gen. vi. 7 Ic adilige pone mannan .. fram paere eorSan ansine fram pam men oa fie him from noldon. 971 Blickl. Horn. 47 ponne flyhj> pact deofol fram us. c 1290 Beket 340 in .S'. Eng. Leg. I. 116 Sire henri, pe kingus sone. .bi-lefde euere in is warde, fram him nolde he nou3t. c 1340 Cursor M'. 20308 (Br. Mus. Add. MS.) Hit rewip me, that I schal— Iohan—parte fram pee. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. Aug. 107 Yet should thilke lasse not from my thought. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI , v. iv. 21 We will not from the Helme, to sit and weepe. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, in. 49 And, spurring from the Fight, confess their Fear. 1709 Swift & Addison Tatler No. 32 p 2 She shrinks from the Touch like a Sensitive Plant. 1838 Thirlwall Greece II. 304 He withdrew from the coun¬ cil unobserved. 1843 Frasers Mag. XXVIII. 714, I re¬ coiled from the murderous instrument. b. Indicating a place or object which is left on one side by an object which deflects or turns away. + Rarely used simply — 6 averted from \ 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xxx. § 1 Whether it be a thing allowable or no that the minister should .. turn his face at anytime from the people, a 1616 Beaum. & Fl. Knt. of Malta 1. i, Why speak’st thou from me? 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. vii. § 2 Mankind are generally averse from think¬ ing. 1812-16 J. Smith Panorama Sc.§ Art I. 422The ray being bent towards the perpendicular on entering another medium of greater density, and from the perpendicular, on entering a medium of less density. 5 . Denoting (statically) distance, absence, remote¬ ness : a. after words indicative of the extent of distance, also after away, absent , apart, etc. O. E. Chron. an. 893 Hi tugon up hiora scipu ob bone weald .iiii., iv mila fram baem muban ute weardum. 971 Blickl . Horn. 43 Saejde.. baet he gesawe naht feor from baes maesse- preostes sidan. .oJ>erne ealdne man. 1340 Ayenb . 270 Ly}t ne is na3t awaye : ac ye byeb awaye. uram ly^te. 1506 Guyl- forde Pilgr. (Camden) 47 Sydon is but right lytell from the citye of Tyre. 1588 J. Udall Demonstr. Discipl. (Arb.) 26 How can he feed them from whom he is absent. Ibid. 27 If the priests might not dwell farre from the temple. 1653 Hol- croft Procopius' Gothick IVars iv. 124 The Ocean being far distant from these mountains. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. xxv, We were now got from my late dwelling about two miles. 1820 Keats St. Agues xvi, Alone with her good angels, far apart From wicked men like thee. 1838 Arnold Hist. Rome (1845) I.xii.211 Veii layabout ten miles from Rome. 1847-9 Helps Friends in C. Ser. 1. (1851) 1 .179, I am far from say¬ ing that merit is sufficiently looked out for. b. used simply = away from, apart from, absent from, etc. Now only in from home. (Cf. 8 b.) c 1340 Cursor M. 10413 (Fairf.) When he hym held from home. <71374 Chaucer Troylus iv. 738 (766) What is Criseyde worth, from Troilus? 1562 J. Heywood Prov. <$• Epigr. (1867) 206, I dwell from the citee in subbarbes. 1571 in W. H. Turner Select . Rec. Oxford .339 Noe freman of the Cytie .. shall grynde from the said milles any kynd of grayne. 1584 R. Scot Discov. Witcher, xv. x. (1886) 341 Go to a faire parlor or chamber .. and.from people nine daies. 1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. 11. ii. Wks. 1878 II. 64 ’Tis now good policie to be from sight. 1738 Johnson London 225 Sign your will, before you sup from home. 1761 Mrs. F. Sheridan Sidney Bidulph I. 318 Whatever your designs may be, it will be less to my dishonour, if you prosecute them from under your husband’s roof. Ibid. II. 118 Mrs. Arnold was from under her husband's protection. 1796 Moser Hermit of Caucasus I. 238 He was continually from home, running from one house to another. 1802 Mrs. E. Parsons Myst. Visit IV. 203 Georgina she could not bear a moment from her sight. 6 . Denoting removal, abstraction, separation, ex¬ pulsion, exclusion, or the like : a. Governing a sb. or pron. expressing a concrete object. 971 Blickl. Horn. 67 Maria hire geceas bone betstan dael, se ne bi 5 naefre fram hire afyrred. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt, xxv. 32 Swa swa se hyrde asyndrab 5 a seep fram tyccenum. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xiii. 446 For to saue thi soule fram Sathan thin enemy. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1. xviii. 21 Which gave occasion unto a brother of his to take away his life from him. 1590 C. S. Right Relig. 26 From the determination of a counsell there can be no appella¬ tion. 1610 Shaks. Temp. Epil. 9 But release me from my bands. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, in. 513 Some bending VOL. IV. Valley .. Clos’d from the Sun, but open to the Wind. 1807 Crabbf. Par. Reg. 1. 194 There hungry dogs from hungry children steal. 1821 Keats Isabella xvii, Paled in and vine- yarded from beggar-spies. 1841 Elphinstone Hist. Ind. I. 439 The narrow tract.. separated from Mekran.. by the range of hills which form Cape Arboo. 1891 Law Times XCII. 18/2 Will there be an appeal to the Court of Appeal from a refusal to certify ? b. Denoting privation, separation, abstention, freedom, deliverance, etc. (from a state, condition, action, etc.). c 950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. vi. 13 Ah Sefrfo usich from yfle. 971 Blickl. Horn. 25 Men..nella|> ablinnan from heora un* rihtum gestreonum. 1340 Ayenb. 86 pe guodemen.. bet god heb yvryd .. uram be b^eldome of be dyeule. c 1400 Lau- fratio's Cirurg. 70 Noon ober wey bat my3te save b e sike man from deeb. C1449 Pecock Repr. v. xiii. 553 Refreyn- yng from yuel. 1548 9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer Litany, From battaile and murther, & from sodain death : Good lorde deliuer us. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 400 note , Greedines of vayne glorie an impediment from keeping due order. 1647 Ward Simp. Cobler 51 To keep their Kings from devillizing. 1710 Steele Tatler No. 176 p 1 After a little Ease from the raging Pain caused by. .an aking Tooth. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. 1. § 3 Lysicles could hardly refrain from laughing. 1807 Crabbe Par. Reg. 1. 507 When thy rich master seems from trouble free. 1845 M. Patti son Ess. (1889) I. 18 To vindicate himself from the charge of treason. 1847-9 Helps Friends in C. Ser. 1. (1851) I. 206, I did not attempt to dissuade Milverton from his purpose. + c. followed by inf. instead of the vbl. sb. Obs. 1591 Spenser Ruins of Time 429 Not to haue been dipt in Lethe lake Could saue the sonne of Thetis from to die. — F. Q. iv. v. 7 He sau’d the victour from fordonne. 7 . Indicating a state, condition, etc., which is abandoned or which is changed for another. Often used before an adj., or a sb. that denotes a person, as if with ellipsis of being. 1340 Ayenb. 7 Oure lhord aros uram dyabe to lyue b ane zonday. 1399 Langl. Rich. Redeles 1. 5 were lyghtlich y-lyfte ffrom that 30U leef thou3te And ffrom ^oure willffull werkis 3oure will was chaungid. 1595 Shaks. John v. iv. 25 Euen as a forme of waxe Resolueth from his figure ’gainst the fire. 1641 Ariana 328 From a slave she became to be a Princesse. 1700 Dryden Pal. $ Arc. in. 750 Meanwhile, the health of Arcite still impairs; From bad proceeds to worse. 1741 Richardson Pamela 1 .55 You have made our Master, from the sweetest-temper’d Gentleman in the World, one of the most peevish. 1771 Goldsm. Hist . Eng. II. 203 From being attacked, the French now in turn became the aggressors. 1823 F. Clissold Ascent Mt. Blanc 23 The western arc of the misty circle kindled, from a rosy to a deep reddening glow. 1856 Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. iv. 312 It became necessary to increase the penalty, .from banishment to death. 1870 Rogers Hist. Gleanings Ser. 11. 51 From villains they became prosperous and independent yeomen. 1872 Browning Fifine cx. 6 Temples, .which tremblingly grew blank From bright. 8. Used after words which signify distinction, difference, unlikeness, etc. Formerly more widely used than at present; we now say ‘inferior to \ ‘other than', and (usually) ‘foreign to* \ but verbs of distinguishing, differing, etc. still take from ; so also different (but see that word), differetice , distinct , etc. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. Prol. 56 Clotheden hem in copis to ben knowen fram othere. 1553 Eden Treat. Neive Ind. (Arb.) 15 The Elephant is a beast .. little inferiour from humaine sense, a 1656 Hales Trad (1677) 170 Others from themselves. 1828 Whately Rhet. 1. ii. § 2 Quite foreign from all their experience. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 82 The extreme Puritan was at once known from other men by his gait. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 47 The Corpora¬ tion had its constitution, not materially differing from those of other guilds, a 1881 Rossetti House of Life v, Thy Soul I know not from thy body. 1887 L. Carroll Game of Logic iv. 94 You can’t tell one flower from another. f b. used swiply to denote qualitative remote¬ ness, unlikeness, incongruity, etc.: =away from, apart or aside from, out of, alien to. From 07 ieself = beside oneself, out of one’s wits. Obs. (Cf. 5 b.) C1050 Martyrology (Cockayne) 118 paet ic for be sprece from minre gecynde. 1490 Caxton Eneydos xvii. (heading) As a woman disperate and from herselfe. 1531 Elyot Gov. hi. xxi, Thou art all inflamed with wrathe, and clene from the pacience which thou so much praysest. 1579 Fulke Heskins* Pari. 58 M. Heskins collections are vaine, and from the authors meaning. 1580 Sidney A rcadia in. (1605) 298 He was quite from himself. ci6oo Shaks. Sonn. cxlvii, My thoughts and my discourse as mad mens are, At random from the truth vainely exprest. 1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. v. i. Wks. 1878 II. 132 O pardon me to call you from your names ! a 1616 Beaum. & Fl. Knt. of Malta in. iv, A very hard thing, Sir, and from my power. 1632 Massinger Maid of Hon. 111. i, Ast. But this is from the purpose. Rod. To the point then, a 1637 B. Jonson tr. Horace's Art Poet. 159 If now the phrase of him that speaks shall flow In sound quite from his fortune [fortunis absona]. 9 . Indicating the place, quarter, etc. whence something comes or is brought or fetched; often = out of; also after words denoting choice, selec¬ tion, or distinction out of a number or mass of individuals. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. in. ii. vi. i. (1651) 545, I light my Candle from their Torches. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 793 From his Herd he culls, For Slaughter, four the fairest of his Bulls. 1712-14 Pope Rape Lock 111.128 Clarissa drew .. A two-edged weapon from her shining case. 1808 Scott Alarm, v. Introd. 145 Such notes as from the Breton tongue Marie translated. 1838 Arnold Hist. Rotne I. vii, She drew a knife from her bosom. >843 Fraser's Mag. XXVIII. 565 Jenny gathers cranberries from the neighbour¬ ing wood. 1864 Lazo Times Rep. X. 718/2 A labourer .. employed, .to dig ballast from a pit. 1879 Church Spenser ii. 29 He came from Cambridge. 1885 Lazo Tunes LXXX. 37/2 The following, extracted respectively from The World and Truth. 1897 F. Hall in Nation (N. Y.) LXIV. 163/1 This list I could amplify from my own verbal stores. b. with ellipsis of a verb or participle: = coming from, taken from, etc. 1745 De Foe's Eng. Tradesman xxvi. (1841) I. 266 Serge from Taunton and Exeter. 1771 R. Henry Hist. Gt. Brit, I. 1. vi. 378 The Phoenicians from Cadiz were the only persons who traded to these islands. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 3 Zealous Cavaliers from the country. 1895 Book - man Oct. 26/2 The history has been .. distorted by stock quotations from the fathers. 10 . Indicating a place or position where action or motion is originated which extends beyond that place, while the originator remains fixed there (e.g. a place whence a person directs his vision, and fig. a ‘ point of view ’). Similarly after words which express ‘hanging’, ‘depending’, and the like. 1592 Shaks. Rom. <$* Jul. 111. v. 228 Jul. Speakest thou from thy heart ? Nur. And from my soule too. 1619 Daniel To Henry Wriothesly 42 He. .doth from a patience hie Looke onely on the cause [etc.]. 1658 Ilist.Q. Christiana's Progress to Rome 246 Gay ornaments hanging from the window's and balcons. 1667 Milton P. L. xii. 227 God from the mount of Sinai..will himself..Ordain them laws. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 615 The sultry Dog-star from the Sky Scorch’d Indian Swains. 1771 R. Henry Hist. Gt. Brit. I. 1. v. 338 Those who fought from chariots. 1801 Southey Thalaba viii. ix, The Cryer from the Minaret, Proclaim’d the midnight hour. 1844 II ucs Tartary 1 .150 Each of us hung a bag from his shoulders. 1867-76 G. F. Chambers Astrou. 685 When observations are riiade from the deck of a ship. 1887 L. Carroll Game of Logic i. § 3. 35 From their point of view they are perfectly right. 11 . Indicating a person as a more or less distant source of action, esp. as a giver, sender, or the like. In OE. also indicating the agent = by. 971 Blickl. Horn. 27 pact he wsere costod from deofle. Ibid. 45 ponne onfop hi from Gode maran mede bonne hi from aeni^um oprum lacum don. c 1205 Lay. 20 ZEfter pan flode pe from drihtene com. a 1240 Ureisun 86 in Cott. Horn. 195 Uor pere gretunge pet Gabriel 5 e brouhte urom ure heouen kinge. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon vii. 159 Ye shall telle the emperourfrom mybehalve, that [etc.]. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1. ii. 2 b, With a frigat to accompany us and to bring backe newes from us. 1605 Shaks. Macb. 1. iii. 105 He bad me, from him, call thee Thane of Cawdor. 1608 — Per . 1. i. 164 An arrow shot From a well-experienced archer. 1611 Bible John vii. 29 For I am from him, and he hath sent me. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. 11. iii. § 1 Moses tells them as from God himself. 1664 Marvell Corr. Wks. 1872-5 II. 159 On the third [day], .he had audience from his Majesty. 1790- 1811 Combe Devil upon Tzvo Sticks in Eng. (1817) I. 263 In this business, as in every other, she acted from herself. 1843 Fraser's Mag. XXVIII. 328 You shall hear from my at¬ torney. 1844 Thirlwall Hist. Greece VIII. 303 Dionyso- dorus, an envoy from Attalus. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 405 Independence, veracity, self-respect, were things not required by the world from him. 1883 Century Mag. XXVI. 919/1 He. .still holds his place from the trustees. 1883 Daily Nezvs 22 Sept. 4/6 Virulent abuse from that class of men. 12 . Denoting derivation, source, descent, or the like : a. in regard to material things. 1399 Rolls of Parlt. III. 423/1, I Henry of Lancaster .. am disendit by right lyne of the Blode comyng from the gude lord Kyng Henry therde. 1595 Shaks. John 1. i. 124 This Calfe, bred from his Cow. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. v. 239 Eve, who. .anomalously proceeded from Adam. 1667 Milton P. L. v. 480 So from the root Springs lighter the green stalk, from thence the leaves More aerie. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 481 Clio and Beroe, from one Father both. 1736 W. Stukeley in Mem. (Surtees) III. 169 Ebulus or wild elder, fancyed to spring from the Danes blood. 1771 R. Henry Hist. Gt. Brit. I. 1. vi. 371 The greatest rivers sometimes flow from the smallest fountains. 1807 Crabbe Par. Reg. I. 739 Bequeathed to missions money from the.stocks. 1821 Keats Lamia 1. 334 A real woman, lineal indeed From Pyrrha’s pebbles or old Adam's seed. 1870 Anderson Missions Amer. Bd. II. ix.68 Dangerous cuts from a sabre. b. in regard to things immaterial; esp. ‘noting progress from premisses to inferences ’ (J.). 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. Ded. r 3 An argument drawen from the greatnesse of the.labors. 1658 J. Robinson Eudoxa ii. 23 The Argumentation is from a Similitude, therefore not Apodictick. 1712-14 Pope Rape Lock 1. 1 What dire offence from am’rous causes springs. 1795 Gentl. Mag. 541/1 You will be astonished at the logick which could draw such an inference from that address. 1821 Keats Isabella xiv, Enriched from ancestral merchandise. 1838 Thirlwall Hist. Greece IV. 223 Several very perni¬ cious consequences arose from this bent of mind. 1839 G. Bird Nat. Philos. 40 From these facts the following laws have been deduced. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 320 His chief pleasures were commonly derived from field sports and from an unrefined sensuality. 1887 L. Carroll Game of Logic i. § 2. 21 Let us try to draw a Conclusion from the two Premisses. 13 . Indicating a model, rule, copy; also, a person or thing after which another is named. 1596 Shaks. Tam. Shr. iii. i. 53 For sure jEacides Was Aiax, cald so from his grandfather. 1655 Stanley Hist. Philos. 1. (1701) 42/2 Cleobulus. .had a Daughter whom he named Eumetis, but was called commonly from her Father Cleobulina. 1697 Dryden /Eneid iii. 28, I lay the deep Foundations of a Wall; And Enos, nam'd from me, the City call. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 127 You are to con¬ sider what Apartments .. to make on your Ground-plot .. and to set them off from your Scale. 1800 H. Wells Const. Neville III. 266 ,1 am. .to take charge of a younger brother, who was named from him. 1811 L. M. Hawkins C'tess <$• Gertr. III. lix. 259 She sketched objects; she colored from nature. 1875 Knight's Lotidon (Walford) I. xi. 195 The Bird¬ cage walk, .was so named from the cages of an aviary dis¬ posed among the trees which bordered it. FROMSHAPEN. 562 FRONDESCENT. 14 . Denoting ground, reason, cause, or motive: Because of, on account of, owing to, as a result of, through. Now replaced in some uses by for. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. i. v. 24 Your Highnesse Shall from this practise but make hard your heart. 1622 Fletcher Sp. Curate 111. iii, For what I now do is not out of spleen, .but from remorse of conscience. 1663 Cowley Pindar. Odes 2nd Olympique, Argt., He is commended, .from his Hospitality, Munificence and other Virtues. 1710 Norris Chr. Pnid. ii. 99 His Cunning is the more odious from the resemblance it has to Wisdom. 1762 Goldsm. Cit. W. xi, From such a picture of nature in primeval simplicity, .are you in love with fatigue and solitude? 1764 Foote Mayor of G. 1. Wks. 1799 I. 165 Whether from the fall or the fright, the Major mov’d off in a month. 1776 Trial of Nundocomar 32/2 The man could not be brought here .. without imminent danger of expiring from fatigue. 1796 Hist, in Ann. Reg. 8 They spoke and acted from principle. 1844 Disraeli Coningsby iv. iii, Remarkable from the neatness .. of its architecture. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 232 That weak apostle who from fear denied the Master. 1851 Illustr. Loud. News 11 Jan. 23 Nine children died from want of breast milk. 1863 Whyte Melville Gladiators I. 264 The mighty fabric .. was beginning, .to sink and crum¬ ble from its own enormous size and weight. 1883 Manch. Exam. 29 Oct. 5/4 The firm had to suspend payment, not from any fault of their own, but from their connection with another firm. 1883 Law Rep. 11 Q. Bench Div. 597 The censure had been made injuriously and from motives of private malice. 1885 T. Raleigh in Law Q. Rev. Apr. 151 A person suffering from senile dementia is not a lunatic. b. indicating the ground of a judgement, belief, or the like. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. vii. 16 Fram hyra wsestmun £e hi under^ytao. 1673 Ray Joum. Low C. (1738) I. 7 That the rain doth continually wash down earth from the mountains . .is manifest from the Lagune or flats about Venice. 1855 J. W. Croker in C. Papers (1884) III. xxix. 328 From your silence I fear the fact is so. 1891 M. R. Haseldkn in Law Times XCII. 107/1 From the language of the preamble you might perhaps fancy that [etc.]. 1894 Solicitor's Jrnl. XXXIX. 2/2 It is clear from these decisions that [etc.]. 15 . Used in certain of the above senses (esp. i, 2, 3, 9, 10) with an adverb or a phrase (prep. + sb. or pron.) as object, a. With obj. an adverb (of place or time), as from above, afar, etc. Also, more or less pleonastically, before hence, thence, whence, henceforth, etc.: see those words. c 1340 Cursor M. 7505 (Trin.), I hadde no helpe but from aboue. Ibid. 16749 (Fairf.) From then \Gbtt. fra [>an. Trin. fro |?enne]. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. iii. 105 Com late from bi- }onde. #1553 Philpot Exam. (1842) 403 A destiny which from ever hath been, is, and shall be true. 1625 Bacon Ess., PlaJitations (Arb.) 534 That the Plantation may spread into Generations, and not be euer peeced from without. 1685 Dry- den Thren. August. 169 They mined it near, they battered from afar. 1748 Thomson Cast. Indol. 11. 391 And from beneath was heard a wailing sound. 1770 Goldsm. Dcs. Vill. 116 The mingling notes came softened from below. 1821 Keats Isabella xxxii, The breath of Winter comes from far away. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. 11. vii, From of old, Doubt was but half a Magician. b. Followed by a preposition indicating a static condition, as from amidst, beneath, etc. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. iv. 25 Fram be^eondan iordanen. 1388 Wyclif Luke xxiv. 49 Til that 3e be clothid with vertu from an hi}. 1588 Shaks. Tit. A. iv. i. 44 She culd it from among the rest. 1637 Milton Lycidas 16 The sacred well That from beneath the seat of Jove doth spring. 1671 — Samson 1691 His fiery virtue roused From under ashes into sudden flame. 1667 Sir R. Moray Let. 10 Dec. in Lauderdale Papers (1885) II. 88 There is a Damned book come hither from beyond sea called Naphtali. 1710 Steele Tatler No. 170 p 4, 1 thought it better to remove a studious Countenance from among busy ones. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 11. vi, That they might feast on fresh meat from on shore, as we did with their salt meat from on board. 1761 [see 5 b]. 1786 Mackenzie Lounger No. 56 (1787) II. 197, I see my grandmother .. looking at me from under her spectacles. 1835 Lytton Rienzi 1. i, A body of horsemen.. dashed from amidst the trees. c. Followed, more or less pleonastically, by a prep, of similar meaning, as out , out of, forth, off, where each prep, serves to strengthen or supple¬ ment the sense of the other. c 1592 Marlowe Massacre Paris 11. iii, His soul is fled from out his breast. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1. viii. § 5 [A principle] drawn from out of the very bowels of heaven and earth. 1607 Shaks. Timon 1. i. 138, I will choose Mine heyre from forth the Buggers of the world. 1632 G. Hughes Saints Losse 51 Know ye not that God hath taken away your captaine from off your heads this day ? 1700 Dryden Pal. Sf Arc. iii. 514 Knights unhorsed may rise from off the plain. 1789 G. White Selborne (1813) I. xiv. 256 From out of the side of this bed leaped an animal. 1820 Keats k S 7 . Ag?ies xxx, While he from forth the closet brought a heap [etc.]. 1887 A. Birrell Obiter Dicta Ser. 11. 150 Ready to engage with all comers on all subjects from out the stores of his accumulated knowledge. t B. quasi-aa'z*. = away. (Cf. Fro B.) Only in phr. to and from ( = to and fro\from and back. a 1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 60 The synner that gothe ofte to and from in his foule plesaunce. 1608 Topsf.ll Serpents (1658) 608 A sliding snake .. Gliding along the altar, from and back. + C. quasi -conj. = from the time when. (Cf. Fro C. 1.) Obs. 7^1366 Chaucer Rom. Rose 850 From she was twelve yeer of age, She of hir love graunt him made. £1500 Lancelot 1432 Euery gilt .. Done frome he passith the }eris of Innocens. 1583 Babington Commandm. ix. Applic. Wks. (1637) 92 From morning to night, from wee rise till we goe to bed. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. xi. lx vi. (1612)282 From Elizabeth to Raigne, and I to liue begunne. Frome, Fromenty: see Fiiume, Frumenty. Fromple, var. of Frumple. + Fromshapen, ppl. a. Obs . Also 6 frame- shapen. [f. From + Shapen ; ? in imitation of L. deformdtus l\ Deformed, misshapen. 1581 J. Bell tr. Haddon's Answ. Osor. 11. 75b, This extraordinarie Jurisdiction of the Pope, is a most, .deformed frameshapen chaungelyng. 1594 Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits xv. § 4. 307 How froin-shapen this philosophy is, which Aristotle bringeth in. Fro ill ward, sb. dial. Also frommard. [app. subst. use of next: see FroeJ =Froe. 1883 Hants Gloss., Fromwaj'd or Frommard , a tool used in lath-rending or cleaving. 1890 Glouc. Gloss., Frommard. + Fromward, Cl., adv., prep. Obs. Forms : 1 frpmweard (ad/.), 3 frommard, south. vrom- mard, 3-4 framward, 4-6 fromwarde, 3- from¬ ward. [f. From +-ward.] A. ad/. = Turned from or away. (See also B. 1 allrib.) 1 . Departing, about to depart. (Only OE.) £888 K. Allfred Boeth. xi. § 2 iElc \>ara. \>e has woruld fcesadha hsefh o}>er twe^a o\>\>o he wat he him from- wearde beoj? ocVSe he hit nat. c 1000 Seafarer 71 Adi oJJ?e yldo obhe eeghete faegum fromweardum feorh 00Cringe'S. 2 . Froward. £ 1275 Luue Ron 45 in O. E. Misc. 94 peo luue hat ne may her abyde. .hit is fals and mereuh and frouh And fromward in vychon tide. 1576 Peterson tr. Della Casas Galateo 25, I call them Fromward people, which will in all things be ouertwart to other men. B. adv. 1 . In a direction which leads from, or is turned from, a given place or object. a 1547 Surrey Ps. Iv. i Give ear to my suit, Lord ! from¬ ward hide not thy face. 1552 Hulof.t s.v. Becke. .Wyth a becke fromwarde or to warde. 1591 Sylvester Du Bartas 1. iv. 354 They from-ward turn. 1711 Loud. Gaz. No. 4917/4 The forepart of his Mane longest, the one part being short, lies toward, the other fromward. attrib. 1645 Wither Vox Pacif. 41 Who can unite again a Broken-bone,Whose parted ends, are set the fromward way. 2 . Of time : Onward from a given date. £ 1400 Maundev. (1839) xviii. 197 And fro thens fromward, thei ben alle obeyssant to him. 3 . fig. In a different or diverse way, contrarily. a 1225 Ancr. R. 134 Heo makieS frommard hore nest— softe wiSuten, & bond wi'Sinnen. Ibid. 248 Lo ! nu, hu urommard beo ‘5 )>e ontfule to ure Louerd ! C. prep. 1 . In a direction which leads from or is turned from (an object), away from. £ 1205 Lay. 1899 Geomagog .. Jmdde Corineum frommard [1275 framward] his breoste. a 1225 Ancr. R. 112 pe hole half & te ewike dole drowen bet vuele blod ut frommard he unhole, c 1300 Beket 886 And kni}tes that were ek with him al framward him drowe. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xiv. ii. (Tollem. MS.), Mounteynes ben. .rered from¬ warde he erbe to warde he heuen. 1493 Festivall (W. de W. I 5 I 5 ) 50 b, All his steppes towarde and fromwarde the holy churche. 1551 Recorde Cast. Knowl. (1556) 93 To go wyth their feet the one against the other, and their heddes the one fromwarde the other. 1580 Sidney Arcadia (1622) 127 As cheerefully going towards, as Pyrocles went frowardly fromward his death. 1651 Hobbes Leziath. 1. vi. 23 When the Endeavour is fromward something, it is generally called Aversion. 1673 Phil. Trans. VIII. 5194 Shooting it self forth into several points or stiriae .. from-ward its Center. 1713 Derham Phys. Theol. iv. xii. 221 The Feathers being placed fromward the Head toward the Tail. b. with tmesis, from .. ward. 1565-73 Cooper Thesaurus s.v. A versus, Auersis .. cor- nibus, .. with the corners from the sunne warde. 1603 J. Davies Microcosm. (Grosart) 22/2 Sol .. makes vs lieavie going from-vs-ward. 1633 T. James Voy. 13 The Ice had broken from the Ship-ward. 1703 T. N. City <$• C. Pur¬ chaser 29 To signifie that a Wall, .doth not stand up right, but leans from-you-ward, when you stand before it. 2 . Contrary to, different from. a 1225 Ancr. R. 100 HercneS nu .. al an oSer speche, & frommard tisse vorme. So Fromwards adv. and prep. £ 1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 142 Gif hunta gebite mannan, sleah b r y scearpan neah fromweardes. 1634-5 Brereton Trav. (1844) 109 Those are also called to account that are met walking from wards the Church. 1664 Relat. Proc. at Hertford Assize Aug. 7 \yith his face from-wards the place where they usually met. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk <$* Selv. 119 A pend or earnest strift frontwards. 1713 Dkp.ham Phys.-Theol. v. i. 316 Towards or fromwards the Zenith. 1855 Morton Cycl. Agric. II. 723 Fromward (West Eng.), land is ploughed ‘framwards’ when the horses are turning to the right. 1880 Jefferies Gt. Estate 159 The carters .. saying * toward ’ for anything near or leaning towards you, and ‘ vrammards ’ for the reverse. t FrO'ncle. Obs. rare. [a. Q¥. froncle, ad. L. furunculus Furuncle.] A furuncle or boil. 1543 Traheron Vigo's Chirurg. (1586) 53. 1547 Boorde Brev. Health lxxiii. 26 b, A froncle is a lytie impostume ingendred of a gross bloud. Frond (frpnd), sb . 1 [ad. L. frond-, frons leaf, applied by Linnceus in a specific sense, in contra¬ distinction to folium leaf.] 1 . Bot. The leaf-like organ formed by the union of stem and foliage in certain flowerless plants. Formerly (and still in loose popular language) applied also to the large compound leaves, e. g. of the palm, banana, etc. [*753 Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v. Leaf, Frondes expresses leaves consisting of several other leaves and forming the whole plant.] 1785 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxxii. 489 Our common species .. may be known by the frond or leaf being ovate. 1791 W. Bartram Carolina 478 The lower larger fronds were digitated, or rather radiated. 1840 E. Newman Brit. Ferns Introd. (1844) 31 The fronds of ferns are generally much divided. 1858 T. R. Jones Aquar. Nat. 14 One or two fragments of stone with fronds of green sea-weed growing thereon. 1874 C. Geikie Life in Woods vi. no The broad fronds of the pine trees. 1877 — Christ liv. (1879) 661 Cutting fronds .. from the palm-trees, that lined the path. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. 235 A frond differs from an ordinary leaf in usually bearing fructification. attrib. 1877 F. Heath Fern W. 112 One of the latter contains a frond-bud or imperfect germ. 2 . Zool. A leaf-like expansion found in certain animal organisms. 1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 323 Small, foliaceous, fronds solitary. 1876 Harley Mat. Med. (ed. 6) 370 The fronds are mucilaginous when young. Frond (fqmd), sb.'- Surg. [ad. F. fro7ide lit. ‘ sling ’. The Syd. Soc. Lex. gives, as obsolete, a latinized form frondium .] (See qnot.) 1848 Craig, Frond .. a bandage employed principally in wounds and diseases of the nose and chin, and more espe¬ cially in cases of fracture or dislocation of the lower jaw. Frond (ftynd), v. nonce-wd. [f. Frond sb . 1 ] intr. To wave with fronds. 1866 Blackmore Cradock Nowell i, A massive wood .. crisping, fronding, feathering, .here and there. Frond, obs. form of Friend. Frondage (fr^nded^). [f. Frond sb.' 1 + -age.] The fronds (of a tree or plant) collectively. Some¬ times improperly used as a synonym of foliage. 1842 Sir A. de Vere Song of Faith 21 Cedarn woods with shadowy frondage cool. 1871 Swinburne Songs bef. Sunrise, Hertha, The tree many-rooted..With frondage red-fruited. 1885 Lady Brassey The Trades 475 Jamaica, with its tree- ferns and flowerless frondage. Frondaille, var. of Frondel. Obs. + Fro'ndated, a. Obs. rare. [f. ~L.fronddt-us leaved (f. frond-, frons leaf) + -ED 1 .] ‘ Leaved, having leaves’ (1727 Bailey vol. II). + Frondation. Obs. rare ~ '. [ad. late L. fronddticin-em, i. frond-, frons leaf.] (See quot.) 1664 Evelyn Sylva xxviii. 77 Lastly, Frondation or the taking off some of the luxuriant branches and sprays, of such Trees, .is a kind of pruning. II Fronde (frond). Fr. Hist. \V. fronde sling.] The name given to the party which rose in rebellion against Mazarin and the Court during the minority of Louis XIV; hence, a malcontent party; also, violent political opposition. 1798 J. Q. Adams Wks. (1854) IX. 206 The history of France during the periods of the League and the Fronde. 1808 Edin. Rev. XII. 493 Was there ever a mixed consti¬ tution without a fronded 1831 Disraeli Yng. Duke iii. x. 136 A fronde was formed but they wanted a De Retz. 1889 Athenaeum 20 Apr. 507/2 His chance came in the fronde against the Second Empire when its day was waning. + FrO’nded, ppl. a. x [ad. L . fronddtus\ see Frondated.] Having leaves or foliage. 1640 Howell Dodonas Gr. i. 19 The Clustre of Diadems which begirt her high fronded forehead Fronded (fronded), ppl. a . 2 [f. Frond sb T + -ed 2 .] Having fronds. 1882 Whittier Eternal Goodness 20, I know not where His islands lift Their fronded palms in air. 1883 W. Westai.l Ralph Norbreck's Trust III. xiv. 186 She was sitting, .under the fronded roof of the mighty palms. Frondeilt (fr/rndent), a. [ad. L. frondent-em, pr. pple. of frondere to put forth leaves.] Full of fronds or leaves, leafy. 1677 T. Harvey tr. Owen's Epigr. iii. No. 118, I, Phoebus Tree, still frondent, flourishing. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Frondent, bringing forth Leaves. 1837 Carlyle Er. Rev. I. vii. vi, That broad frondent Avenue de Versailles. 1864 — Fredk. Gt. xi. i. (1865) IV. 12 A real Newspaper, frondent with genial leafy speculation. 1863 Reader 7 Nov. 537 The . .broad frondent banana-like leafage. Frondesce (fq>nde - s), v. [ad. L. frondescere (see Frondescent).] intr. To put forth leaves. a 1816 Staughton Eulogy Dr. Rush in Pickering Vocab. (1816) s.v., His powers began now to frondesce and blossom. [Hence 1846 in Worcester.] Frondescence (fqmde’sens). [ad. mod.L. frondescentia, f. L. frondescent-cm : see next and -ence.] (a) The process or period of coming into leaf, (b) The conversion or development of other organs into leaves, (c) Fronds or leaves collectively. [1793 Martyn Lang. Bot., Frondescentia , leafing season.. the time of the year when plants first unfold their leaves]. 1841 Maunder Sci. $ Lit. Treas., Frondescence .. the pre¬ cise time of the year and month in which each species of plant unfolds its leaves. 1888 Harpers Mag. July LXXVII. 216 Nearly as bright are the masses of pomme- cannelle frondescence, the groves of lemon and orange. Frondescent (fqmde-sent), a. [ad. L. fron- descent-em, pr. pple. of frondescere, freq. of fron¬ dere to put forth leaves, f. frond-, frons leaf.] Springing into leaf; expanding into fronds. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. II. 435 Polypiferous masses sub-stony, with crustaceous or frondescent expansions. 1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 125 Frondescent or papillose appen¬ dages. 1858 J. Martineau Stud. Chr. (1873) 4 11 A young frondescent life would show itself again. Hence Pronde scently adv. 1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 125 Tentacles papillose or fron- descently lobed. FRONT. FRONDEUR. II Frondeur (froudor). [F .frondeur, i.frotidc (see Fronde).] 1 . Fr. Hist. A member of the Fronde. 1798 A need. Dist. Persons IV. 333 Would to Heaven that the late Frondeurs in that Country had been as harmless. 2 . transf. A malcontent, an ‘ irreconcilable 1847 Longf. in Life (1891) II. 03 All Americans who return from Europe malcontent witn their own country, we call Frondeurs. 1880 Daily Tel. 22 Sept., Are the French, then, incurable frondeurs? incorrigible revolutionists, who must attack a Minister simply because he is * in ’ ? Frondiferous (frpndi-fgras), a. [f. L.froudi- fer bearing leaves (f. frond-, Frond sb . 1 : see -(i)ferous).] Bearing leaves or fronds. 1599 R. Linche Anc. Fiction M iij, Ouershadowed with frondiferous boughes. 1656 Blount Glossogr ., Frondi- feroits, that beareth leaves or branches. 1825 Hamilton Hatidbk. Terms, Frondiferous in Botany, bearing leaves. 1885 Syd. Soc. Lex., Frondiferous, leaf-bearing; applied to flowers which produce leaves. Also applied to plants, like ferns, which bear fronds. Frondiform (fr^-ndifjifm), a. [f. L. frond-. Frond sbd + -(i)form.] Having the shape of a frond. 1885 in Syd. Soc. Lex. Frondigerous (.ftpndi-dgeros),^. [f. "L. frond-, Frond sb . 1 + -(i)geroos.] Bearing fronds. 1885 in Syd. Soc. Lex. Frondiparous (ftyndi-paros), a. [f. L. frond-, Frond rA 1 + par-ere to bring forth +-ous.] Pro¬ ducing leaves instead of fruit. 1866 Treas. Bot., Frondiparous, a monstrosity, consisting in the production of leaves instead of fruit. 1885 Syd. Soc. Lex ., Frondiparous , leaf producing; applied to flowers which produce leaves. Frondivorous (firndrvoras), a. [f. L .frond-. Frond sb . 1 + -vor-us devouring + -ous.] Eating or feeding on leaves. 1828 Southey Lett. (1856) IV. 126 Graminivorous, fron¬ divorous, carnivorous. Frondlet (frondlet). [f. Frond sb .! + -let.] A little frond. 1862 Jrnl. R. Dublin Soc. Apr. 348 The first young frondlet was seen to be protruded from the nipple end of the sporangia. 1881 G. Allen Evolutionist at Large xxii. 213 Each frondlet. .is separately symmetrical as well. Froudose (fr^ndJu's), a . [ad. L. frondos-us, f. frond-) Frond jA 1 ] Covered with fronds; having the form or appearance of a frond. In early use, + Leafy, leaf-like. 1721-92 Bailey, Frondose, leavy or full of leaves. 1793 Martyn Lang. Bot., A frondose stem; applied to Palms. 1807 J. E. Smith Phys. Bot. 493 Liverworts. Of these the herbage is commonly frondose. 1831 Loudon Encycl. Agric. § 3987 (ed. 2) 648 The branches of frondose trees. 1890 H. M. Stanley Darkest Africa II. xxviii. 260 Banana groves ..extended out in deep frondiose [sic] groves far into the Semliki Valley. b. Comb., frondose-branched a., having flat branches spread horizontally like the fronds of a fern. 1831 Loudon Encycl. Brit. § 3987 (ed. 2) 648 Resinous or frondose-branched trees. Hence Frondo-sely adv., Frondoseness. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Frondoseness, leafiness. 1882 Crom- bie in Encycl. Brit. XIV. 561/2 Thallus frondosely dilated. t Frondosity. Obs. [f. as prec. + -ity.] 1 . Leafiness. 1656 Blount Glossogr., Frondosity , leaviness, or aptness to bear leaves. 1772 Nugent tr. Hist. F'r. Gerund I. 330 In the frondosity of a pleasant meadow. 2 . (See quot.) 1658 Phillips, Frondosity , a flourishing with green leaves, being just under the architrave. f Frondo*sous, a. Obs.~ 0 [badly f. L. fron- dos-us (see Frondose) + -ous.] (See quot.) 1623 Cockeram, Frondosous , full of leaues. FrondotlS (fr^ndos), a. [ad. L. frondos-us; see Frondose and -ous.] Leafy (see quots.). 1828 Webster (citing Milne) s.v., A frondous flower is one which is leafy, one which produces branches charged with both leaves and flowers. 1864 Sir K. James Tasso xvi. xii, Among the frondous boughs._ 1885 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fron¬ dous, having branches bearing both leaves and flowers. Also, a term applied to flowers parts of which develop into leafy structures. Frondule (fqrndi/d). [dim. of Frond sb d: see -ule.] A small frond (Syd. Soc. Lex . 1885). II Frons (fr^nz). [Lat.] = Front sb. 1 c. 1856-8 W. Clark Van dcr Iloevcn's Zool. I. 290 Poly- zonium Brandt. Two series of 3 small eyes in the frons. Front (frz?nt),^. (and a.) Forms: 3-7 frount(e, frunt(e, 4 Sc. froyntft, 4-6 fronte, 4, 6 frownt, (4 frond), 3- front, [a. OF. and Fr. front, ad. L. front-em, frons the forehead.] I. Forehead, face. 1 . = Forehead i. Now only poet, or in highly rhetorical language. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 169/2176 Bote fram }?e ri^t half ofis frount. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Machor 1547 pe takine of pe cors to mak, one par froynttis. 1390 Gower Conf. I. 47 A sterre whit Amiddes in her front she [the hors] hadde. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 405 pe calf is rede I undertake. With a white sterne in pe fronte. 1481 Caxton Myrr. 11. v. 71 Peple ther. .haue only but one eye, and that standeth right in the myddys of the fronte or forhede. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1. vi. 4 b, On theyr heads a Saracoll of 563 Crymson velvet, and before the front the bande, a silver socket set with long feathers. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 111. iv. 56 See what a grace was seated on his Brow, Hyperions curies, the front of Ioue himselfe. 1671 Milton Samson 496 The mark of fool set on his front! 1735 Somerville Chase hi. 513 Soon he rears Erect his tow’ring Front. 1777 Sheridan Sch. Scand. A Portrait 13 Ye matron censors. .Whose peer¬ ing eye and wrinkled front declare, etc. 1814 Scott Ld. of Isles vi. xxxvii, And bore he..Such noble front, such waving hair ? 1847 Lytton Lucretia ( 1853) 227 Her nostrils dilated, and her front rose erect. 1884 W. Allingham Black¬ berries (1890) 88 Blear eyes, huge ears, and front of ape. b. in fig. phrases, after Shakspere. 1604 Shaks. Oth. 1. iii. 80 The verie head, and front of my offending. Ibid. in. i. 52 (Qq.) To take the safest occasion by the front. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 15 This was the whole front of his offending. 1878 Morley Condorcet 37 Placing social aims at the head and front of his life. c. rarely used tec An., e.g. in Entomology. 1826 Kirby &Sp. Entomol. (1828) III. xxxiv. 483 The front of insects may be denominated the middle part of the face between the eyes. 2 . By extension : The whole face. Cf. Fr .front. Front to front (arch.) == face to face : see Face 2 d. 1398 T revisa Barth. De P. R. ix. ix. (1495) 354 Januarius is paynted wyth two frontes to shewe and to teche the be- gynnynge and ende of the yere. c 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 791 Nor hire nekke nor hire front vsed sho to here vppright. 1508 Dunbar Fly ting w. Kennedie 84 Fy ! feyndly front, far fowlar than ane fen. a 1605 Polwart Flyting w. Mont- gojnerie 784 Jock Blunt, thrawin frunt! 1605 Shaks. Macb. iv. iii. 232 Front to Front, Bring thou this Fiend of Scotland and my selfe. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 82 Brazen Impu¬ dence. .hath two fronts, its boasting one, and bold one : with the one they look back .. the other looketh forward. 1697 Creech Manilius 1. ix, They stand not front to front, but each doth view The others Tayl, pursu’d as they pursue. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India fy P. 2^2 Antelopes .. guarding their Fronts, scampering with their Heads to the Earth, to avoid the .. Enemy aloft. 1767 Sir W. Jones 7 Fountains Poems (1777) 50 Till thrice the sun his rising front has shown. 1802 Beddoes Hygeia. 11. 39 Those .. have the courage to treat it, front to front, in a manner corresponding to the enormity of the consequences [etc.]. 1855 Tennyson Maud 11. i. 28 For front to front in an hour we stood. 3 . + a. The face as expressive of emotion or char¬ acter ; expression of countenance (obs.). b. Bear¬ ing or demeanour in confronting anything; degree of composure or confidence in the presence of danger, etc. <71374 Chaucer Boeth. n. pr. viii. 47 (Camb. MS.) Whan she [fortune] descouereth hir frownt and sheweth hir maneres. c 1477 Caxton Jason 104 b, [Medea] commanded that her ladies, .shold put on the fayr fronte in entencion to make feste solempne. 1637 Heywood Royall King 1. Wks. 1874 VI. 17 That face, .beares the selfe-same front. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 20 p 3 A Fellow that is capable of shewing an impudent Front before a whole Congregation. 1762 Fal¬ coner Shipwr. 11. 347 Who, patient in adversity, still bear The firmest front. 1800-24 Campbell Poems, Visiting Scene in Ayrshire iv, Through the perils of chance .. May thy front be unalter’d. 1821 Scott Kenilw. vi, The. .unclouded front of an accomplished courtier. 1873-4 Dixon Two Queens IV. xxii. ix. 221 Kildare .. resolved to .. meet his accusers with a brazen front. transf. 1855 Prescott Philip II, 1.11. xiv. 309 The league, which had raised so bold a front against the government, had crumbled away, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xi. 76 The lime¬ stone bastions, .preserved a front of gloom and grandeur. 4 . Effrontery, impudence. Cf. Face 7, Fore¬ head 2. Now rare. So, + man of front. To have the front: to be sufficiently impudent. 1653 H. More Antid. Ath. iii. ix. (1712) 170, I .. wonder how any man, except one of the most hardened front, can [etc.]. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 168 P 3 Men of Front carry Things before ’em with little Opposition. 1717 De Foe Mem. Ch. Scot. (1844) 5 With what Front the Absurdities charg’d on her could be broach’d in the World. _ 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 293 None of the commissioners had the front to pronounce that [etc.]. II. Foremost part. 5 . Mil. a. The foremost line or part of an army or battalion. Also, fa rank (obs.), and in words of command ; e.g. files to the front , right in front. c 1350 Will. Palerne 3584 In sexe semli batailes. .al be fore in he frond he ferde pan him-selue. cs.400 Destr. Troy 1278 pan.. ffrochit into pe frount & a fray made. 1470-85 Malory Arthur n. x. 87 But alweyes kyng Lot helde hym in the formest frunte. 1598 Barret Theor. IVarres Gloss. 250 Fronte, a French word, is the face or foreparte ofasquadron or battell. 1607 Shaks. Cor. 1. vi. 8 Both our powers, with smiling Fronts encountring. 1625 Markham Souldiers Accid. 6 The Rankes are called Frunts, because they stand formost. .but in truth none can properly be called the Frunt, but the ranke which standeth formost. 1667 Milton P. L. vi. 105 Front to Front Presented stood in terrible array. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 11. 378 As Legions in the Field their Front display. 1700 S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 61 Commanded Captain Jochem, who led the Blacks, to march in the Front. 1775 R. King in Life fy Corr. (1894) I. 9 They ..began their march, with a very wide Front. 1838-43 Arnold Hist. Rome III. xliii. 141 The..Gaulish horse charged the Romans front to front. 1859 F. A. Griffiths Artil. Man. (1862) 7 Files to the front. Ibid. 18 A column Left in front will bring its rear companies to the front. Ibid. 19 Open column, right in front—right about face, b. Line of battle. 1375 Barbour Bruce xvii. 569 The Ingliss men com on sadly. .Richt in a frount vith a baner. c 1400 Dcstr. Troy 10869 And all fore to pe fight in a frunt hole. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 249 They used to terrifie the Bar¬ barians, setting their Horses in a double front, so as they appeared headed both wayes. 1623 Bingham Xenophon 78 If we aduance in a large Front, .if in a narrow Front. 1667 Milton P. L. i. 563 Advanc’t in view they stand, a horrid Front Of dreadful length. 1710 Lond. Gaz. No. 4744/2 Our .. Army .. marched .. to Attack the Enemy in full Front. 1838 Thirlwall Greece III. 349 The Spartans..preserving an even and unbroken front. 1886 Daily News 13 Sept. 5/7 The troops marched past, the infantry in company fronts and the cavalry by half squadrons. c. The foremost part of the ground occupied, or in wider sense, of the field of operations ; the part next the enemy. Also, the foremost part of a posi¬ tion, as opposed to the rear. 1665 Manley Grotius ’ Low C. IVarres 440 Not onely the Front as heretofore, but the backside also, .rendred unsafe. 1781 Gibbon Decl. fy F. II. xli. 504 Belisarius protected his front with a deep trench. 1810 Wellington in Gurw. Desp. VI. 367,1 propose to move up the infantry of the army to the front again. 1844 H. H. Wilson Brit. India III. 320 One division .. was sent to take the stockades in rear, while another .. threatened them from the front. 1879 Fife- Cookson Armies of Balkans i. 6 To see him before his departure for the front next day. 1889 R. Kipling Willie Winkle 72 British Regiments were wanted—badly wanted— at the Front. fg. 1846 Greener Sci. -Gunnery 54 The present state of our artillery requires an advance to the front, to be in a line with the march of science. d. The direction towards which the line faces when formed. Change of front: see Change v. 9b; in quot.y%*. To make front to : to face in the direction of; in quot.yf^ - . 1832 in Prop. Regul. Instr. Cavalry 111. 46. 1833 Rcgul. Instr. Cavalry 1. 14 The whole will face, as accurately as possible, to their former front. 1837 Carlyle F'r. Rev. III. 1. i. (1872) 9 The improvised Municipals make front to this also. 1879 Lubbock Addr. Pol.fy Educ. iv. 92 This change of front seems to be founded on the report of the Board of Education for Scotland. 1891 Daily News 28 Nov. 5/6 The eventuality of a war with two fronts—that is to say, with France and Russia—was foreseen. e. Front of fortification', see quot. 1859. 1851 J. S. Macaulay Field Fortif. 23 The outline above traced is called a Front of Fortification. 1859 F. A. Griffiths Artil. Man. (1862) 261 A Front of Fortification consists of two half bastions, and a curtain. 6. Arch. ‘Any side or face of a building, but more commonly used to denote the entrance side’ (Gwilt); occas. collect, in sing., and pi. — ‘ the four sides 5 (of a mansion). Also back-, rear-front. 1365 Durham Halm. Rolls (Surtees) 41 Non fecit clausu- ram tenementisui de le front. 1382 Wyclif Ezek. xl. 9 He metide..the frount therof in two cubitis. C1440 Promp. Parv. 181/1 Frownt, or frunt of a churche, or oper howsys. 1624 Wotton Archit. (1672) 16 And the contrary fault of low distended Fronts, is as unseemly. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 265 A Building, which is 25 Feet, both in the Front and Reer Front. 1760-72 tr. Juan <5* Ulloa's Voy. (ed. 3)11. 32 The fronts being of stone. 1806 Gazetteer Scotl. (ed. 2) 144 The Town-house, an elegant structure, with a handsome front. 1841 W. Spalding Italy fy It. I si. III. 150 Monastic cloisters with their dark length of front. Ibid. 166 One of the back-fronts of the old palace. 1888 Burgon Lives 12 Gd. Men II. xii. 355 The garden front was most incon¬ veniently embowered, .in forest trees. 1893 W. P. Courtney in Academy 13 May 413/1 The fronts of the mansion were decorated with statues by skilled sculptors. 7 . gen. The part or side of an object which seems to look out or to be presented to the eye ; the fore¬ part of anything, the part to which one normally comes first. Opposed to back, esp. in objects that have only two sides. Cf. Back sb. 3. c 1400 Destr. Troy 10814 In pe frunt of hat faire yle, Was a prouynse of prise. 1555 Eden Decades 85 We found the fyrst front of this land to bee broader. 1577 B. Googe HeresbacJis Husb. 1. (1586) 41 b, A lowe kinde of Carre with a couple of wheeles, and the Frunt armed with _ sharpe Syckles. 1605 Shaks. Macb. v. viii. 47 Had he his hurts before? I, on the Front. 1705 Addison Italy 5 The Front to the S-ea is not large, but there are a great many Houses behind it built up the Side of the Mountain. 1788 Gibbon Decl. fy F. 1 . (Milman) V. 2 The southern basis presents a front of a thousand miles to the Indian Ocean. 1823 H. J. Brooke Introd. Crystallogr. 287 The opposite angles, edges, and planes, which are supposed to form the back of the engraved figure, are respectively similar to those which appear on its front. 1851 Carpenter Man. Phys. (ed. 2) 398 The sternum itself being so largely developed, as to cover almost the entire front of the body. ^ 1893 F. W. Maitland Mem. de Pari. Introd. 92 The skin being thin, the writing on the front could be seen upon the back. b. tra 7 isf. With reference to time : The first period ; the beginning, poet. c 1600 Shaks. Sonn. cii, Philomel in summer’s front doth sing. 1842 Tennyson Gard. Dau. 28 More black than ashbuds in the front of March. 1883 Stevenson Silverado Sq. 237 A hawthorn in the front of June. + c. = Frontier sb. 4. Obs. 1589 Greene Sp. Masquerado Wks. (Grosart) V. 256 When the Sarasens. .had inuaded Germanie, and the frontes of France. 1593 Hollyband Fr. Did. P 2 b, Les frontieres d'vn pais, the frontiers of a countrey : the front or marches. d. Mining. =Face 20 a. 1717 tr. Freziers Voy. S. Sea 183 A Mine, which is 40 Varas, or Spanish Yards in Front. 1867 W. W. Smyth Coal fy Coal-mining 140 Let us now turn our attention to the ‘ face ’ or front of the working. e. Land facing a road, river, the sea, etc.; a frontage. 1766 Laws of N. Carolina (1791) 234 The Water Fronts of the Lots herein before mentioned. 1769 Bf. Wilton Inclos. Act 2 Occupiers of ancient messuages, cottages, houses or fronts. f. Theatrical. (See quots.) 1810 Scott Fam. Lett. 30 Mar. (1894) 1 .174 There was fine work in the front, as they call the audience part of the house. 1894 Evening News 18 Oct. 2/6 Generally speaking, 71-2 FRONT. 564 FRONT. the ‘ front of the house ’ means the audience; but among theatrical employes the ‘ front of the house' means every¬ body engaged to work before the curtain. + 8 . The first part or line of anything written or printed. In the front : at the head. Obs. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 435, I could not but in y° very front and beginning of my letter, use this. 1594 Blundevil Exerc. 111. 1. xx. (ed. 7) 324 Six Columnes, every front .or head whereof is noted with three great letters, D. M. S. signifying degrees, minutes, and seconds. 1654 Whitlock Zootottna 94 A Catalogue of above three hundred Advisers, and his name in the Front. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. vi. 17 Thy Name. .Shall in the front of every Page be shown. + b. = Frontispiece sb. 3 or 4. Obs. 1647 Crashaw Poems 128 If with distinctive eye and mind you look Upon the front, you see more than one book. a 1718 Penn Life Wks. 1726 I. 147 Which the Reader may find in the Front of the Books they [the Prefaces] were designed for. 9. A fore part or piece having some particular use or function. 1847 A. M. Gilliam Trav. Mexico 152 The body of the wagon is about equally balanced over the axletree, the front resting upon the tongue. 1851 Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhib. I. 467 Pianoforte, .in newly designed case with sliding front. Ibid. II. 526 Boots and shoes, .with elastic fronts and sides. + b. = Frontal sb. 2. Obs. *533 i n Weaver Weils Wills (1890) 148 To the gyltyng of the ffrownt at the hye auter. 1539 Peterboro ’ Inv. in N. <$• Q. 3rd Ser. IV. 459 In the Rood Loft, .one front of painted cloth. 1552-3 Inv. Ch. Goods Staffs, in Ann. Lichfield IV. 66 One fronte for an alter of yelowe and grene satten. C. A band or bands of false hair, or a set of false curls, worn by women over the forehead. 1687 Congreve Old Bach. iv. iv, I undertook the modelling of one of their fronts, the more modern structure. 1837 Thackeray Ravenswing i, Mamma means her front! 1865 Trollope Belton Est. xvii, The graces of her own hair had given way to a front. 1886 Pall Mall G. 24 Aug. 13/2 A.. black velvet band, .to keep her auburn front, .in its place. d. That part of a man’s shirt which covers the chest and is more or less displayed ; a shirt-front; also, a 1 dicky ’; also, a similar article of silk, etc. serving as a cravat. 1844 Dickens Mart. Chuz. xvii, What a very few shirts there are, and what a many fronts. 1851 Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhib. II. 579 Gentlemen’s fronts and stocks. 10. A position or place situated before something or towards a spectator; forward position or situa¬ tion. Only in phrases with prefixed prep. a. In ( the) front of (prep, phr.) : at a position before, in advance of, facing, or confronting; at the head of (troops). In his, our , etc. front : in front of or facing him, us, etc. The article is now omitted, exc. in expressions like in the ( very)froiit of {danger etc.) = ‘ in the position most exposed to ’, ‘ bearing the brunt of’. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India $ P. 144, I saw. .a pragmatical Portugal..in the front of 40 men marching to the Gover¬ nor’s. ^ 171a W. Rogers Voy. 174 We. .fir’d, .at the Men in Arms in the front of the Church. 1777 Watson Philip II (1839) J 43 Behind him there was a little wood and the walls of a convent; and in his front, the morass above mentioned, which was almost impassable. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 225 The standards were faced about, and formed in our fronts. 1847 A. M. Gilliam Trav. Mexico 256, I was par¬ ticular to make my servants keep in front of me. 1853 Sir H. Douglas Milit. Bridges (ed. 3) 144 Forcing a passage across the river in his front. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. 111 . 1 The proclamation was repeated.. in front of the Royal Exchange. fig. 1609 Tourneur Funeral Poeme on SirF. Vere 172, I the front Of danger where he did his deedes advance. 1817 Chalmers Astron. Disc. v. (1852) 124 Those holy..men., in the front of severest obloquy, are now labouring in remotest lands. 1848 W. H. Kelly tr. L. Blancs Hist. Ten Y. II. 345 In the very front of danger. 1892 Spectator 12 Mar. 353/1 His majesty will speedily be in front of a new difficulty. 1896 Westm. Gaz. 28 July 9/2 The shares had nothing in front of them—no preference or debenture capital. b. In (+ the) front (advb. phr.) : in an advanced or forward position; on the side that meets the eye ; in a position facing the spectator. 1613 jPuRCHAS Pilgrimage (1614) 380 With his whole forces, in front, [he] assailed. 1700 T. Brown tr. Fresny's Amusem. Ser. <$• Com. 21 By comes a Christning, with the Reader and the Midwife strutting in the Front. 1748 F. Smith Voy. Disc. I. 133 The upper Story had the two Captains Cabins in Front. 1821 G. W. Manby Voy. Green¬ land (1823) *34 Determined .. to attack him [a bear] in front, I got upon the ice. 1847 A. M. Gilliam Trav. Mexico 76 These dirt hovels presented a bold contrast with the city behind, and the wealthy church in front. Ibid. 99 A kind of shawl [which] by being crossed in front, obscures the. bosom. 1879 Harlan Eyesight ix. 129 The most in¬ jurious direction for light to come from is that directly in front. 1895 Scot. Antiq. X. 78 Setting an old press in front so as to conceal the door. c. To the front {of) : to a position in front (of). 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Re%. I. 235 Being removed to the front of a brisk fire, a strong ebullition commenced. 1887 Bowen Virg. Ainciit v. 150 Far to the front shoots Gyas. .Gliding ahead on the water. d. To come to the front : to become conspicuous, be revealed, emerge into publicity ; to make oneself or itself manifest. So ( To be) to the front = 1 to the fore ’ ( rare). 1871 Archeeol. Assoc, frill. Sept. 323 Another saint came to the front. 1876 Trevelyan Macaulay II. ix. 132 When subjects came to the front on which his knowledge was great. 1878 Scribners Mag. XVI. 184/2 At such a time nis true boastful self would come to the front. 1885 Mrs, Lynn Linton Chr. Kirkland III. vi. 231 Underneath in the hidden depths lurked other matters than those which came to the front. 1886 Daily News 6 Jan..5/1 The year has gone, however, and the aged Emperor is still to the front. 11 . ellipt. (quasi- 0 ^’. or adv.) 1667 Primatt City C. Build. 36 Suppose that same be 25 foot Front, and forty foot deep, it may be let for to be built, for forty shillings the foot Front, c 1680 Hickerin- gill Wks. (1716) II. 512 The Enemy, .had beset them Front and Rear. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India 8f P. 8 The biggest of them [buildings] had not four yards Front. 1845 Florist's Jrnl. 25 A little shed, open back and front. 1892 I. Zangwill Bow Myst. 127 It’s the key of my first-floor front. + 12. [fromthevb.] Encounter,onset; = Affront sb. 3 . Obs. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccccxxxii. 760 The men of armes. .at the first front ouerthrue many. III. attrib. and Comb. 13. attrib ., passing into adj. = Of or pertaining to the front, situated in front. (The comb, of adj. + sb. is itself often used attrib.) 1600 Holland Livy xxxvn. 957 They had raunged their ships broad in a front-ranke. 1679 Moxon Mech. Exerc. I. vii. 133 If your Shop stand in an eminent Street, the Front Rooms are commonly more Airy than the Back Rooms. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 145 P 2 She in a Front Box, he in the Pit next the Stage. 1710 Brit. Apollo III. No. 106. 4/1 The Front side of a good House, is to be Lett. 1718 Freethinker No. 57 ir 3, I shall be next Saturday at the Play, in a Front Row. 1770 G. White Selborne let. xxviii. 80 The horn of a male moose, which had no front-antlers. 1832 Prop. Regul. Instr. Cavalry 11. 33 The leading front- rank man advances two horses' lengths. 1838 Lytton Alice 64 The front entrance is kept locked up. 1843 Sir C. Scudamore Med. Visit Grafenberg 2 The small-pox, and the loss of some front teeth from an accident, impair his good looks. 1851 Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhib. I. 467 A front and side elevation of the Elizabethan pianoforte. i860 Tyndall Glac. 11. x. 275 A straight pinnacle of ice, the front edge of which was perfectly vertical. 1883 Expositor VI. 434 He [St. Peter] was naturally quick, mobile, a front¬ man. 1884 Milit. Engin. I. 11. 43 The front ditch party are extended at 5 feet apart. 14. In special comb, and phrases : front bench, the foremost bench on either side of the Houses of Lords and Commons, occupied by ministers and ex-ministers respectively; front door, the prin¬ cipal entrance-door of a house ; front driver (see Driver 6 b) ; front-fastening a ., that fastens in front; front-handed a., done with a forward movement of the hand; front name (jocular or vulgar), a Christian name; front-stall, an appen¬ dage to the bridle covering the horse’s forehead; + front-tickled a. (? nonce-wd .), ? flattered ; front¬ ways, -wise advbs. } in a position or direction facing to the front. 1891 Daily News 28 July 3/4 To have seen the motion carried on the strength of the two * Front Bench speeches. 1812 Examiner 31 Aug. 552.T At the *front door. 1858 O. W. Holmes Aut. Breakf.-t. (1883) no The front¬ door is on the street. 1871 Figure Training 88 A *front- fastening corset. 1843 P. Parley s Ann. IV. 74 He. .made a quick *front-handed plunge in the direction from which the attack came. 1895 Pall Mall Mag. Mar. 511 ‘ What’s your *front name?’ asked Roy boldly. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 631 The KK. of the East had their horses set out therewith [cochlides]. .in their *frontstals. 1653 Urquhart Rabelais 11. xii. 83 A barbed horse furnished with a frontstal. 1825 Scott Talism. i, The front-stall of the bridle was a steel plate, with apertures for the eyes and nostrils. 1649 G. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. V , ciii, But faire pretence leads on ; and the Dull Heard *Front-tickled, yeild themselves into his hand. 1863 R. H. Gronow Remin. II. 46 The cocked hat he always wore, placed ^frontways on his head, like that of the Emperor Napoleon. 1774G0LDSM. Nat. Hist. V. in. ii. (Venom. Serpents), It has..a mark of dark brown on the forehead, which, when viewed *frontwise, looks like a pair of spectacles. 1885 Middleton in Encycl. Brit. XIX. 612/1 Though the faces are nearly always represented in profile, the eyes are shown frontwise. Front (fnmt), v. 1 [ad. OF. front-cr in same sense, f. front Front so. ; it may however in some uses be an independent formation on the Eng. sb.] 1. intr. To have the front in a specified direction; to face, look. Const, on, to, towards , upon. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. li. 73 The french king., purueyed suflyciently for all the forteresses frontyng on Flanders. 1583 Stanyhurst AEneis in. (Arb.) 88 Tarent .. to which heunlye Lacinia fronteth. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blancs Trav. 297 A countrey .. fronts upon another Nation. 1703 Maundrell fount, ferns. (1732) 143 Having a few small Rooms fronting outward. 1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. II. ii. 48 This room was erected . .fronting westward to the privy-garden. 1864 Tennyson Enoch Arden, Philip’s dwelling fronted on the street. 1894 Hall Caine Manxman III. iii. 134 The rooms fronted to Athol Street. + b. trans. To set the front of (a building) in a specified direction. Obs. 1665 J. Webb Stone-Heng (1725) 105 Temples, .should be so fronted, as that Travellers passing by might behold them. a 1817 T. Dwight Trav. New Eng. (1821) II. 97 Mr. G. has erected a large elegant mansion, fronted towards the river. 2. trans. a. To have the front towards; to c face stand opposite to. 1606 Shaks. Tr. $ Cr. in. iii. 122 Like a gate of steele, Fronting the Sunne.. 1696 tr. Du Mont's Voy. Levant 2 All the Houses .. which fronted the Bishop's Palace. 1749 Fielding Tom fones v. v, This enclosed place exactly fronted the foot of the bed. 1823 F. Clissold Ascent Mt. Blanc 11 Fronting us, rose the summit of Mont Blanc. *835 Ure Philos. Manuf. 109 The perspective picture which fronts the title-page represents a cotton factory. b. Of a building: To have its front on the side of (a street, etc.). 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India <$• P. 38 Opposite to this, one [Gate] more stately fronts the High-street. 1741 Richard¬ son Pamela (1883) I. 323 This alcove fronts the longest gravel-walk in the garden. 1833 Act 3 <$• 4 Will. IV, c. 46 § 90 The proprietor or proprietors of any buildings fronting any of the streets. 1847 A. M. Gilliam Trav. Mexico 166 The church, .was to have fronted the Plaza. 3. To stand face to face with, meet face to face, look straight at, face, confront; esp. to face in de¬ fiance or hostility, present a bold front to, oppose. lit. and fig. 1583 Stanyhurst AEneis 11. (Arb.) 55 Of Greeks thee first man with a gallant coompanye garded Fronted vs. 1596 Spenser State Irel. (Globe) 660/1 He dare now to fronte princes. 1601 Shaks. Twel. N. 1. iii. 59 Front her, boord her, woe her, assayle her. c 1618 Fletcher Q. Corinth iv. iii, Amazed, .at your, .impudence, That dare thus front us. 1697 Dryden Disc. Epic Poetry D 4, When zEneas and Turnus stood fronting each other, before the altar. 1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome , Marcus iv. 65 Some fell upon the Rear, some fronted them directly. 1837 Hawthorne Amer. Note-bks. (1883) 104 Here you fronted the ocean, looking at a sail. 1839 Carlyle Chartism (1842) 98 Evil, once man¬ fully fronted, ceases to be evil. 1852 Robertson Semi. Ser. iii. xvii. 222 Soldiers can be hired .. to front death in its worst form. 1864 Kirk Chas. Bold I. i. 22 The brazen pride with which he fronted accusation and reproach, b. said of things. 1602 W. Watson Decacordon 265 Would God such things .. never had fronted our native shores ! 1606 Shaks. Ant. SfCl. 11. ii. 61 Those Warres Which fronted mine owne peace. 1637 Heywood Roy all King 11. iv. Wks. 1874 VI. 26, I am arm’d with innocence, And that dares front all danger. 1873 Black Pr. Thule (1874) 6 At length, the boat, .fronted the broad waters of the Atlantic. 4. To set face to face with , confront with. 1617 Collins Def. Bp. Ely 11. ix. 351 The Cardinall had fronted him with one such false place out of Chrysostome. 1625 Bacon Ess., Seditions (Arb.) 411 Which kinde of Persons, are..to be fronted, with some other, of the same Party, that may oppose them. 1853 Robertson Serin. Ser. m. xxi. 275 Fronting his patron and his prince with the stern unpalatable truth of God. 5. To adorn in front; to furnish with a front. (So in comb, new front.) Also, to face (with some specified material); = Face v. 13 . 1635 Davenant Prince d'Amour Wks. (1673) 396 The Scaene was discovered with a Village consisting of Ale¬ houses and Tobacco shops, each fronted with a red Lettice. 1742 W. Cole in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) I. 228 They have, .new Fronted the east front. 1762-71 H. Wal¬ pole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) IV. 231 He new fronted his house in Piccadilly. 1772 J. G. W. De Brahm Hist. Georgia (1849) 45 The Savannah Bay is nearly fronted with contiguous Wharfs.. 1782 Cowper Let. Wks. 1837 XV. 116 My green-house .. is fronted with myrtles, and lined with mats, a 1817 T. Dwight Trav. New Eng. (1821) II. 31 The Presbyterian church.. is fronted with two towers. 1824 A1111. Reg. 87 The whole building was proposed to be fronted with stone. •f 6 . To introduce (a tale, etc.) with (the mention of or reference to something) ; to preface. Obs. 1592 Greene Art Conny Catch, iii. 9 The wily Treacher.. coyned such a smooth tale vnto them both, fronting it with the Gammon of Bacon and the Cheese sent from their maides Father. 1599 Broughton s Let. v. 15 You .. haue fronted your Libell with this inscription. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 109 Hippocrates did wel to front his Axiomaticall Experiments .. with the grand Miscariages in the practice of Physitians. a 1732 T. Boston Crook in Lot (1805) 73 Solomon .. fronts his writings, in the beginning of the Pro¬ verbs, with most express gospel. b. To place in front as a frontispiece. Obs.— 1 1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answ. NamelessCath. 305 Pindarus would haue in the beginning of a Treatise .. some glorious personage fronted. 7. To be or stand in front of, to serve as a front to. 1591 Spenser Vis. Bellay ii, I saw a stately frame. .With hundreth pillours fronting faire the same. 1606 Shaks. Tr. <$- Cr. iv. v. 210 Yonder wals that pertly front your Towne . .Must kisse their owne feet. 1791 Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest v, She came to the lawn which fronted the fabric. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. xiv. (1879) 296 The coast, .is fronted by many breakers, a 1847 Mrs. Sherwood Lady of Manor II. x. 3 A. .mansion, .fronted by a garden abounding with fruits and flowers. 1884 Law Times Rep. LI. 228/1 The damage done to the sea wall fronting Curry Marsh Farm. 8 . Chiefly Mil. + a. intr. To march in the front or first rank. Obs.— 1 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII, 1. ii. 42, I..front but in that File Where others tell steps with ine. b. To turn the front or face in a specified direc¬ tion ; = Face v. 9 b. Also, as word of command. *635 J- Hayward tr. Biondis Banish'd Virg. 122 Upon this the third fronting to their flanckward spurr’d towards him. 1833 Regul. Instr. Cavalry 1. 14 He fronts to the left. 1847 Infantry Man. (1854) 5 Upon the word Front, if he has faced to the right, he fronts to the left. c. To form a front or extended line. 1802 C. James Milit. Diet, s.v., When the battalion is marching by files..the word front is always practised to restore it to its natural situation in line. 1807 Pike Sources Mississ. iii. (1810) 258 The Spanish troops, .were remarkably polite, always fronting and saluting when I passed 1883 Army Corps Orders in Standard 22 Mar. 3/2 It will halt, front, and march past. d. To front about : to turn round so as to face in another direction. 1886 Stevenson Dr. Jckyll 23 Mr. H. .. fronted about with an air of defiance. FRONT 565 FRONTIER. e. trans. (cattsatively, from Front l as a word of command) : To cause to form a front or line. 1796 Instr. Sf Reg. Cavalry (1813) 74 He then Halts , fronts l it, and dresses and closes it to its pivot marker on the line. 1832 Prop. Regul. Instr . Cavalry it. 14 In the movement of Threes to a flank, the squadron should occupy but little more ground than when fronted. 1859 F. A. Griffiths Artil. Man. (1862) 25 Each company in succes¬ sion will be halted, and fronted. t 9. (See quot.) Obs. 1530 Palsgr. 550/i, I fronte up, as a woman dothe the heare of her heed with a fyllet. je effronte. I wene you be bydden to some bridale to daye, you be so well fronted up. 10 . Sc. and dial. (See quots.) 1808 18 Jamieson, To front , applied to meat, when it swells in boiling. 1887 S. Cheshire Gloss ., Front , of tender meat which swells in cooking ; of meal which swells under boiling water ; of the full feeling supervening after a hearty meal, etc. + Front, v. 2 Obs. In 4-5 frunt, pa. t. fruut. [ad. OF .fronter to ill-treat.] 1. trans. To strike, kick, drive hack. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. C. 187 pe freke hym frunt with his fot. c 1400 Destr. Troy 6923 He .. frunt hym in pe fase a full fel wond. Ibid. 8327 Polidamas .. ffaght with horn felly, frunt hom abacke. 2. intr. a. To rush, make a rush. b. To fall plump. c 1400 Destr. Troy 6887 pe freke, with a felle spere frunt vnto Ector. Ibid. 6890 He frunt of hys fol flat to pe ground. Frontage (fnrntedg). [f. Front sb. + - age.] Not in Johnson or Todd. 1. Land which abuts on a river or piece of water, or on a road. Also, the land between the front of a building and the road, etc. 1622 Callis Stat. Sewers (1647) 87 Frontage is where the grounds of any man do joyn with the brow or front thereof to the Sea, or to great or royal streams. 1813 Examiner 17 May 319/2 They have obliged proprietors of houses situated at a short distance from the road to purchase their frontage. 1831 Drakard's Stamford News 4 Feb. Advt. 1 Two Frontages with two cottages upon the same. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) 1 - 46 One corner of the Thames Street frontage [of the Steelyard] was occupied by a wine- house. 1870 Daily News 16 Feb., The remainder of the establishment consisting chiefly of the river frontage, will then be sold in plots. 1875 Spectator (Melbourne) 15 May 16/1 It might be bought and sold in the market any day, like a Collins-street frontage. 2. Measurement of front-line, extent of front. 1844 Port Phillip Patriot 18 July 3/7 The run has four miles frontage to the Yarra Yarra. 1863 Hinchliff Trav. S.Anier. 24 Shopkeepers in the best quarters pay enormous rents, but get very little frontage to display their goods. 1867 Smyth Sailor s Word-bk., Frontage , the length or face of a wharf. 1873 Geikie Gt. Ice Age v. 66 The .. glacier .. shedding icebergs along its whole vast extent of frontage. 1887 Times (weekly ed.) 1 July 20/4 The substantial old Family Mansion, .extensive frontage of 35 ft. 3. The front face or part of a building. Also collect. 1861 Times 16 Aug., There is a breadth of roadway and a grandeur of frontage that would not disgrace the neigh¬ bourhood of Piccadilly. 1875 Merivale Gen. Hist. Rome lxxix. (1877)669 The august capitals of Egypt and Syria, with their long columnar frontages, and marked horizontal lines of architecture. 1875 M. Pattison Casaubon 400 Savile was just finishing the fine frontage towards the meadows. 1877 M. M. Grant Sun-Maid ii, The frontage of the Chateau looked southward. 1894 Daily News 5 Sept. 5/3 A municipal law requires the frontages of Paris houses to be painted or scraped every six or seven years. 4. Mil. ‘ The ground troops of line occupy either on parade or in camp’ (Voyle). 1893 Times 15 June 12/1 The battalion commander ‘in¬ structs the captains as to the frontage of their companies.’ 5. The action of fronting in a certain direction; the fact of facing a certain way; exposure, outlook. 1859 R. F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Jrnl. Geog. Soc. XXIX. 183 The breeze is .. excluded by careless frontage. 1867 D. G. Mitchell Rural Stud. 286 But it has no wide and open frontage to the sun. 1871 Daily News 22 Sept., We had changed front left back to meet his flank attack; now we had still to maintain that frontage. TI An alleged sense ‘ part of a woman’s head¬ dress’, given in some Diets., is based on a blun¬ dered version of a passage of Addison : see quot. 1711 , s.v. Fontange. 6 . attrib., as frontage-foot, -owner, -rate, •system ; frontage-claim, a portion of land of a definite measurement in front, but of indefinite length to¬ wards the rear. 1869 R. B. Smyth Gold/. Victoria 612 Frontage-claim— A claim, the lateral boundaries of which are not fixed until the lead has been traced through it. 1877 Black Green Fast. xli. (1878) 325 We would cover every frontage foot with gold. 1889 Spectator 14 Dec. 843 The small affaiqof a frontage rate. 1890 Boldrewood Miner's Right viii. 81 The frontage system, .was considered, .to afford a highly needful guarantee for capital invested in mining enterprise. 1896 Star 15 Dec. 2/6 Charging the frontage owners gs. in the pound. Frontager frentedgar). [f.F rontage + -er 1 .] 1. An owner of land or property adjoining: a. the sea-shore. 1622 Callis Stat. Sewers (1647) 2s The Frontagers have claimed those grounds so left, by a pretended Custome of Frontagers. 1866 Pall Mall G. 4 Dec., The free use and enjoyment of the sea-shore, .giving to the frontager .. such a title as may not be inconsistent with those rights. 1885 Law Rep. 14 Q. Bench Div. 570 The liability of a frontager to repair a sea-wall, .can only be ascertained by usage. b. a roadway. *739 Bewholm Inclos. Act 6 Messuagers, cottagers and frontagers. 1880 Ld. Thesiger in Law Rep. Exch. Div. V. 206 Several frontagers called upon to pay the expenses of paving a street. 1890 Sat. Rev. 10 May 559/2 Mr. Forbes would willingly carry a new line along the proposed route, .with the permission of the frontagers and owners. 2 . One who lives on a frontier, rare — 1 . 1893 S. L. Poole Auranzeb vi. 115 Mir Junda's disastrous campaign in Assam was typical of many attempts to subdue the North-east frontagers of India. Frontal (fnrntal), sb. Forms: 4-5 fro(u)n- tel(l, 5-6 fruntall(e, -telle, 6-7 frontall, 6-8 frontale,(6frontayle), 7-frontal. [ME .frountel, a. OF. frontel late L. frontale, f. front-, frons : see Front sb. and -al. OF. had also the form frontal (still preserved in some senses) ; in mod.F., by confusion of suffixes, frontail and fronteau (cf. med.L. frontellum in Promp. Parv.) are used in various specific applications of the general sense.] f 1 . Something applied to the forehead. Obs. a. A band or ornament worn on the forehead. c 1320 Pol. Songs (Camden) 154 The bout and the barhet wyth frountel shule fe3e. 14.. Voc. in Wr.-Wulcker 585/2 Frontale, a fronted. 1552 Huloet, Frontayle for a womans head, some call it a fruntlet. 1603 Holland Plutarch ’s Mor. 416 His brother foorthwith tooke the roiall frontall called a diademe, and did it about his owne head. 1611 Bp. Hall Serin, v. 52 Look how much difference there is between .. the frontal of the high priest and the bells of the horses. b. A piece of defensive armour for a horse’s head; —front-stall. (Cf. Fr. frontail,fronteau.') 1587 Underdown tr. Heliodorus ix. 126 They arme their horses too ; about his legges they tie bootes, and couer his head with frontals of Steele. c. Med. A medicament applied to the forehead to cure headache. (Cf. Fr .frontal, fronteau.) 1601 Holland Pliny II. 75 It cureth the head-ach, if it be applied as a frontall to the forehead and temples. 1710 T. Fuller Pharm. Extemp. 172 A Frontal with Mastic. 1753 Smollett Ct. Fathom (1784) 154/1 The frontal pre¬ scribed by Fathom was applied. d. A knotted cord, wound tightly round the forehead as a means of torture. (Cf. ¥r. frontal.) 1653 H. Cog an tr. Pinto's Trav. xv. 48 To make your brains fly out of your heads with a frontal of cord. 2 . A movable covering for the front of an altar, generally of embroidered cloth, silk, etc., but some¬ times of metal. 1381 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 233 An altar-cloth, with a frontel, for the great feast-days. 1459 Paston Lett. No. 336 I. 489 Item, j. auter clothe, withe a frontell of white damaske. *? 3 6 Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) II. 394 Ihe goldm and silkin claithis .. war distribute amang the abbays of Scotland to be vestamentis and frontallis to thair altaris. 1566 Eng. Ch. Furniture (Peacock 1866) 49 A girdell a fruntall and 3 albes. 1874 Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 305 The frontal, or coloured altar-cloth, should hang separately from the altar. 1877 J. D. Chambers Div. Worship 268 Frontals may be. .formed of gold and silver plates. + b. ? A hanging for the front of a bed. Obs . 1539 i n Aiv. R. Wardrobe (1815) 47 Rufis of beddis.—Item .. thre curtingis.. with ane frontale. 1542 1 bid. 98 The nether frontale of the samyne bed. c. A decorated front for a tomb. 1881 Academy 5 Mar. 177/3 The whole frontal is enriched in a. .somewhat tawdry manner by numerous false gems. 3 . The fa9ade of a building. 1784 Henley Bedford's Vatkek{ 1868) 136 note, We are told of a strange fortress, .whose frontal presented the following inscription. 1827 Lytton Pelham xxiii, Vast hotels, with their gloomy frontals, and magnificent contempt of comfort. 1893 M. E. Francis N. C. Village 202 Not a very imposing building, .with its low frontal and irregular architecture. + 4 . Arch. (See quot. 1730-6.) Obs. 1578 T. N. tr. Cong. IV. India 36 It hath foure windowes with frontals and galleries. 1730-6 Bailey (folio), Frontal, a little fronton or pediment sometimes placed over a little door or window. + 5 . =Frontier sb. 3 (where see quot. 1412-20). Frontal (fro ntal; in sense 2 often frontal), a. [ad. mod.L. frontalis, {. front-, frons •. see Front and -al. Cf. Yc. frontal adj.] 1 . Of or pertaining to the forehead, or to the cor¬ responding part in the lower animals. Frequent in anatomical applications, as frontal artery, bone, sinus, vein, etc. Frontal tonsure-, see quot. 1894. 1656 Blount Glossogr. s. v. Vein, Frontal-vein, the fore¬ head vein, a third branch of the outward throat vein, whence, mounting by the bottom of the nether jaw, it comes into the lips and nose, and thence ascends by the inside of the eye to the middle of the fore-head. 1741 Monro Anat. Bones (ed. 3) 87 The frontal Bone serves to contain, defend and sustain the anterior Lobes of the Brain. 1746 Parsons in Phil. Trans. XL 1 V. 6 The true Frontal Muscle arises fleshy from the Process of the Os Frontis. 1826 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1828) IV. xlv. 258 He conjectures the seat of this sense [smell] to reside in certain frontal organs. 1840 G. V. Ellis Anat . 2 The frontal artery, a branch .. of the ophthalmic. 1879 Calderwood Mind Br. ii. 16 The front of the brain..is known as the Frontal Lobe. 1894 . T. Fowler Adamnan Introd. 41 The tonsure was made y shaving off all the hair in front of a line drawn from ear to ear, and is called the frontal tonsure. 2 . Of or pertaining to the forepart or foremost edge. Frontal hammer : see quot. 1881. x86o Tyndall Glac. 1. xxvii. 217 From the summit descended by a glissade to the frontal portion of the cavern. 1863 Lyell Antiq. Man xv. 300 The frontal or terminal moraine. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., Frontal hammer or Frontal helve t a forge-hammer lifted by a cam, acting upon a ‘ tongue ’ immediately in front of the hammer-head. b. Of an attack, etc.: Directed against or de¬ livered upon the front. 1884 Milit. Engirt. I. 11. 63 A magazine exposed to frontal fire only. 1886 N. L. Walford Pari. Gen. Civ. War 43 With the aid of a frontal attack by the infantry. 3 . quasi-sb. == frontal bone. 1854 Owen Skel. $ Teeth in Circ. Sc. I. 193 The frontals ..rest by descending lateral plates, representing connate orbitosphenoids. 1857 Bullock Cazeanx' Midwif. 218 The frontal, forming the forehead, as well as the superior- anterior part of the face. 1858 Lytton What will he do 11. iv, This was, indeed, a horse of great power..and such a head ! the ear, the frontal, the nostril? t Fro'ntal, v. Obs .— 1 [f. Frontal jA] trans. To be a frontal or prelude to ; to precede. 1652 Urquhart Jewel Wks. (1834) 177 Serving in this place to frontal a Vindication of the honour of Scotland. fFro'ntary. Obs. [f. Front sb. + -ary 1 .] = Frontal sb. 1 c. 1564-78 Bulleyn Dial. agst. Pest. (1888) 27, I haue appoincted .. in what order that your frontary should bee applied to your forehed to cause you to sleape quietly. Frontate (frfnt-, frzrntfh), a. Bot. [ad. mod.L. frontal-us, i. front-, frons : see Front and -ate -.] = next. 185s in Ogilvie Suppl. t Fro'ntated, a. [f. as prec. + -ED 1 .] (See quot.) 1719 Quincy Lex. Physico-Med. 161 Frontated, in Botany expresses the Leaf of a Flower growing broader and broader, and at last, .terminating in a right Line. Frontayle, -el(l, obs. forms of Frontal. Fronted (fronted),///, a. [f. Front sb. or v. + -ed.] Furnished with or having a front; formed with a front. With qualifying adverb : Flaving a front or countenance with a specified expression. 1615 J. Stephens Satyr. Ess., Impudent Censurer (1857) 133 Hee is so fronted with striving to discountenance know- lege, by the contempt of it, as you would think him borne to insolence. 1667 Milton P. L. ii. 532 Part curb thir fierie Steeds, or shun the Goal With rapid wheels, or fronted Brigads form. 1873 A. Dobson Vignettes in Rhyme, Sundial xii, So kindly fronted that you marvelled how The frequent sword-hilt had so frayed his glove. Fronter, var. of Thrunter Sc. ( = a ewe in her fourth year). Frontier (fqun-, fnrnti®2), sb. and a. Forms : 5 frounter(e, -teere,-tier,-tor, fron-, frown ter e, 5-6 frontyer, 5-7 fronter, 6 frontour, 6-7 fron- tire, 6- frontier. Also Fronture [obs.). [a. OF. frontier masc., frontiere fem. (mod. Fr. frontilre), f. front Front sb. Cf. Pr .fronteira forehead, It. frontiera, Sp.frontera, Pg. fronteira frontier.] A. sb. j- 1 . The front side; the forepart. Obs. c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy) 16 Att ffrountor of thees welles clere, Ther whas a scripture commendyng ther lycour. 1538 Lelakd I tin. I. 107 The fronter of which Ward in the entering is exceeding stronge with Toures and Portecoleces. 1551 Robinson tr. More's Utop. 11. (1895) 116 The forefrontes or frontiers of the ii corners [of the haven] . .be very, .daungerous. + b. The side that fronts in a specified direc¬ tion. Obs.~ 1 1599 Hakluyt Voy. I. 95 The principal wife placeth her court on the West frontier. + C. The forehead. Obs. rare — l . 1583 Stubbes Anat. Abus. i. (1877) 67 Their bolstred heir, .staiideth crested round about their frontiers. + 2 . = Frontlet 4. Obs. 1440 in Eng. Ch. Furniture (Peacock 1866) 182 Item syx alter towelles of lynnen cloth the first with afrounter pailed read white and black..the 5th with a frountier of burde Alisander. + 3 . The front line or foremost part of an army. Hence ‘attack, resistance ’ in phr. to make frontier (tr. OF. fairefrontiere). Obs. ? a 1400 Morte Arih. 2898 Frykis one the frowntere welle a fyve hundreth. 1412-20 Lydg. Citron. Troy 1. ix. (1555) In the frounter [1513 frountell] many manly man With sharpe speres first together ran. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cclv. 378 He sent them into Poicters to kepe the citie, and to make fronter there agaynst the frenchemen. 4 . sing, and ft. The part of a country which fronts or faces another country ; the marches ; the border or extremity conterminous with that of an¬ other. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iv. xxx. 80 To kepe the frounters of the reame fro penile of enemyes. 1489 Caxton Eaytes of A. in. xxii. 215 The fronteres of Caleys. 1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII , c. 48 On y 6 east partes and frontours of this his realm. 1601 R. Johnson Kingd. <5- Commw. 171 Vpon another fron tire lie the Spaniards. 1648 Gage West Ind. xx. 157 After the two daies we drew neer unto the Heathens Frontiers. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 129 ip 8 A Country Church upon the Frontiers of Cornwall. 1781 Gibbon Decl. $ F. III. 126 It might be dangerous to weaken the defence of the frontier. 1838 Lytton Calderon i. 64 He..received an order to join the army on the frontiers. 1853 J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. (1873) II* 1- ii* 84 He found a difficulty in defending his frontier towards Persia. transf. and fig 1672-3 Marvell Reh. Transp. 1. 39 Those Churches which are seated nearer upon the Frontire of Popery. 1738 Tom King's, or Humours Cov. Garden 3 A spacious Plain..Whose large Frontiers with Pallisados FRONTIER. 566 FRONTLESS. bound From Trivia’s Filth inshrines the hallow’d Ground. 1768 W. Wilkie Rake Hermit 65 Faith in the utmost frontier stands. 1839 Murchison Silur. Syst. 1. xxvii. 350 Along this portion of their frontier, the Upper Silurian Rocks [etc.]. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 150 A few seditious persons.. had gone very near to the frontier of treason. 1870 Max Muller Set. Rclig. (1873) 391 Even in this more general study of mankind, the frontiers of lan¬ guage and race ought never to disappear. b. U.S. ‘ That part of a country which forms the border of its settled or inhabited regions : as (before the settlement of the Pacific coast), the western frontier of the United States ’ (Cent. Diet.'). 1870 Emerson Soc. 4 So/it., Civiliz. Wks. (Bohn) III. 8 'Tis wonderful how soon a piano gets into a log-hut on the frontier, ■j- 5. A fortress on the frontier ; a frontier town. 1604 Shahs. Ham. (Q ". 2) iv. iv. 16 Goes it against the maine of Poland, sir, Or for some frontire ? 1641 Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 22 Gorcum, a very strong and considerable frontier. 1725 De Foe Voy. round // 'arid' 1840) 222 It [Bal- divia] was a fortification and a frontier. 1796 Morse Amer. Georg. I. 721 [Natchitoches in Louisiana] was a frontier on the Spanish settlements. + b. A barrier against attack. 06 s. 1589 Ive Fortif. 1 A Forte not placed where it were neede. full, might skantly be accompted for frontier. 1648 Gage IVest Ind. xv. 105 This Province, .which is a Frontier against those Heathens. 1664 Marvell Corr. Wks. 1872-5 II. 122 His Navies do carry a moveable Frontire to all the habitable world. 1690 W. Edmundson Jrnl. (1715) 133 Three Hundred Firelocks, as a Frontier, to intercept the English Soldiers. + 6. A settler on the frontier; a frontier-man. 1677 W. Hubbard Narrative 51 The Frontiers discerning Indians in. .the Swamp, fired immediately upon them. B. adj. 1 . Of or belonging to the frontier of a country; situated on the frontier, bordering. Const, to. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cxiii. 135 The erle..departed his people into dyuers garysons, to kepe fronter warre. 1530 Palsgr. 34 The dyuersite of pronuncyacion of the other frontier countreys. 1615 G. S andys Trav. 43 Diuers frontier Cities and Castles. 1647 W. Browne tr. Polexander hi. 87 A desert which is frontire betweene Guinea and Senega, a 1648 Ld. Herbert Life (1886) 240 Held their way towards Bayonne, a city frontier to Spain. 1667 Milton P. L . 1. 466 Dreaded through. .Gaza’s frontier bounds. 1701 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. II. 20 Leaving that most ffronter part . .Denuded of. .Defence. 1756 G. Washington Lett. Writ. 1889 I. 360 The intent of sending men hither was to protect the frontier inhabitants. 1827 J. F. Cooper Prairie I. xiv. 209 If you come a foot nigher, you shall have frontier punishment. 1852 Miss Yonge Cameos I. xxxiii. 281 A few of the frontier castles had fallen into his hands. + 2 . Fronting; opposite. Obs. 1609 Holland Amin. Marcell. 106 With readie minds., they breake through the frontier bankes over-against them. Frontier (frp’n-, fnrntioi), v. [f. prec. sb.] + 1 . intr. To be a frontier, or as a frontier; to border on or upon. Obs. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 15 The countrey called Suet., frontering vpon the countrie of the Damascenes. 1652-62 Heylin Cosmogr. 11. (1682) 166 As far Westward as the River Tibiscus, where it frontiered on the Jazyges Metanastai. 2 . tra7is. a. To look upon the frontier, boundary, or coast of; to face ; now rare . J* b. To stand in front of; to bar, oppose. Obs. 1579 Fenton Guicciard. (1618) 270 They saw the armie so bardie, as to incampe in that valley which was frontired with troublesome mountaines, and in the midst of the enemies countrey. 1586 Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 11. 32 Being that part of the country a frontering the sea. 1589 Ive Fortif. 29 So small Forts may well serue to hinder the courses of a small number, but not to frontier a forcible enemie. 1596 Spenser State Irel. (Globe) 621/2 Now that it is noe more a border, nor frontyerd with enemyes. a 1849 J. C. Mangan Poems (1859) 22 7 The bridge that, bounding Life’s domain, frontiers the wold of death. Hence + From tiering ppl. a. } occupying the frontier or border; neighbouring. 1600 Dymmok Ireland (1843) 35 His Lordship, .repared the breaches of the castle, and placed such a garrison in the same as might anoy the fronteringe rebells. Fro'ntierism. rare— 1 . [See -ism.] A mode of expression current on the (U.S.) frontier. 1890 HarfePs Mag. Aug. 383/1 A shallow ‘cooley’ (frontierism for gully) that led down through the bluff. Fro'ntierman, fro ntiersman. Chiefly U.S. [f. From tie it sb. + Man ; for the second form cf. draughtsman, tradesman.'] One who lives on the frontier of a country, or on the outlying dis¬ tricts of civilization. 1813 Sporting Mag. XLII. 209 Somewhat in the manner of our frontier men's leggins. 1814 Brackenridge Views Louisiana 116 There seems to prevail a rage amongst the frontiers-men, for emigration to that quarter. 1851 Mayne Reid Scalp Hunt. xx. 142 They were all, or nearly all, natives of the Mexican border, frontier-men. 1877 W. Matthews Ethnogr. Hidatsa 22 The whites they had seen were mostly rude Canadian frontiersmen. 1883 B. Mitford Zulu Country iii. 45 A burly frontiersman, .strides along in all the glory of wideawake and corduroy. Frontignac (fr^ntinyoe’k), sb. Often attrib. or quasi -adj. Forms 7-9 frontiniac(k, (7 fran- tiniak, -ick, frontineacke), 8 frontigniac, 8- frontignac. [erroneous form of next; the substitu¬ tion of -ac for - an is perh. due to a reminiscence of the many southern Fr. names in -ignac.] 1 . A muscat wine made at Frontignan, in the department of Herault, France. 1629 Wf.ldon in Chambers Life yas. I (1830) II. v. 148 His drinks .. were frontiniac, canary, high country wine. 1636 Davenant Witts v. i, Nothing could please your haughty Pallat but The Muskatelli, and Frantiniak Grape.! 1670 W. Hughes Compl. Vineyard (1683) 73 Frantinick is a very pretty pleasant Wine. 1765 Brownrigg in Phil. Trans. LV. 221 Those long vials, in which Frontiniac wine is usually kept. 1826 Polwhele Trad, Recoil. II. 377 The Coniac-brandy, Claret and Frontiniac were excellent. 2. The grape from which this is made. ^1641 Suckling Lett. (1646) 55 Mistresse.and Woman differ no otherwise than Frontiniack and.ordinary Grapes. 1725 Bradley Fain. Diet. s. v. Exposition , Muscats (the grapes) they call Frontiniacks. 1769 Mrs. JRaffald Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 363 The Frontiniac grape is the best. + Frontignan. Obs. = prec. 1756 Nugent Gr. Tour , France IV. 36 Frontignan excellent for a glass or two. 1777 G. Forster Voy. round World I. 78 French plants of burgundy, muscade, and frontignan have likewise been tried. Fronting (frzrntig), vbl. sb. [f. Front v.] 1. The action of the vb. P'ront in various senses. 1581 Mulcaster Positions xxxix. (1887) 212 In some desperate cases, fantasie is froward, and wil bide no front¬ ing. 1659 Torriano, Facciata .. any fronting or facing. 1796 Instr. c 5 * Reg. Cavalry (1813) 183 The fronting.every two hundred yards is prescribed to prevent the breaking or falling into file of the line. 1832 Prop. Regul. Instr. Cavalry iii. 86 The halting and fronting of each line may. .be. regu¬ lated. 1883-4 J. G. Butler in Bible-Work II. 65 This bold fronting of danger for the preaching of Christ. 1895 Daily News 1 June 5/6 It was .. determined to achieve the new fronting without disturbing it [the Dutch cannon ball]. 2. concr. A superficial coat or layer; a facing. 1886 Atheneeum 22 May. 686/3 The bath, .reaching to the marble semicircular fronting of the western mosaic. 1891 Daily News 26 Dec. 5/5 The. .town has everywhere a thin fronting of sparkling white. Fronting (fromtig), ppl. a. [f. Front v. + -ing 2 .] That fronts (in senses of the vb.). 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV , iv. iv. 66 Oh, with what Wings shall his Affections flye Towards fronting Perill, and oppos’d Decay? a 1711 Ken Hymns Evang. Poet. Wks. 1721 1 . 82 They made supernal Waves asunder start, And into fronting liquid Bastions part. 1797 Coleridge This Lime-Tree Bower , etc. 54 Those fronting elms. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 192 Their military [infantry] is formed in a long .. lane of two fronting ranks. 1844 Mrs. Browning Lady Geraldine's Courtship 68 She, with level fronting eyelids. 1846 Ld. Houghton Men of Old iv, Content, as men-at-arms, to cope Each with his fronting foe. Hence Frontingly adv. 1859 Chatnb. Jrnl. XI. 128 Hostile armies..On dimly tented fields, stand frontingly. t Frcrntish, a. Obs. rare.— 1 [f. Front a. + -ISH.] Only in frontish-door —front-door. 1703 T. N. City ff C. Purchaser 128 Frontish doors in great Buildings, with their Ornaments, as Pilasters, etc. Frontispiece (fr 2 rnlispzs), sb. Forms: 7 frontispice,-peece,(frontespice,frontice-piec 0 , frontispeice), 6 -frontispiece, [a. Fr. frontis - pice , ad. med.L. frontispicium lit. ‘ looking at the forehead \ metoposcopy, hence physiognomy, countenance, face or fa 9 ade of a building, f. JL. front(i)- (see F'ront sb.) 4 - spicium, f. early Lat. specere to look. In English the spelling was very early assimilated to that of piece.] 1. The principal face or front of a building; ‘ but the term is more usually applied to the decorated entrance of a building ’ (Gwilt). 1597-8 Bp. Hall Sat. v. ii. 62 But if thou chance cast vp thy wondring eyes, Thou shalt descerne vpon the Frontispice, OYAE 12 EI 21 TO grauen vp on hye. 1630 Brathwait Eng. Gentlem. (1641) 8 An indiscreet builder, who preferreth the care of his frontispice before the maine foundation. 1689 Burnet Tracts I. 45 The French King gives 10000 Livres for the Frontis-peice. 1753 Han way Trav. (1762) I. vii. xcv. 440 The ornaments of the architec¬ ture, and the relievo in the frontispiece, are after the Chinese and japan manner. 1797 Holcroft Stolberg's Trav. (ed. 2) II. lvi. 302 The temple., was of white marble. On the frontispiece was the. .chariot of the Sun. 1855 Fergusson Handbk. Arch. II. 772 As a frontispiece .. it [the three- gabled front of the Cathedral of Orvieto] is not without considerable appropriateness and even beauty. 1874 Symonds Italy <$■ Greece 102 The facade [of the Cathedral of Orvieto] is a triumph of decorative art. It is strictly what Fergusson has styled a ‘frontispiece’; for it bears no relation whatever to the construction of the building. iransf. and fig. 1607 Walkington Opt. Glass i. (1664) 3 He had his celestial sentence, .engraven on the frontispeece of his Heart, a 1678 Marvell Poems , Appleton House 23 A stately frontispiece of poor Adorns without the open door. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. iii. xi. § 20 Who is it has inform’d us, that a rational Soul can inhabit no Tenement, unless it has just such a sort of Frontispiece. 1728 Glover On Sir Isaac Newton 207 The ev’ning on the frontispiece of heav’n His mantle spreads with many colours gay. + b. The summit of a building. Obs. [So some¬ times med. L. frontispicium.] 1600 Holland Livy x. xxiii. 368 The image of Jupiter.. in the lanterne or frontispice [L. culmine] of the Capitoll. 2. The pediment over a door, gate, etc. Also, a sculptured or engraved panel. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 580 The very frontispiece and maine lintle-tree which lay ouer the jambes or cheekes of the great dore of the said temple. 1637 Heywood Royal Ship 41 Upon the upright of the Upper Counter, standeth Victory, in the middle of a Frontispiece. 1667 Milton/*. L. iii. 506 A Kingly Palace Gate, With Frontispice of Diamond and Gold Embellisht. 1686 Burnet Trav. iii. (1750) 168 The great Dome is a magnificent Building, but the Frontis¬ piece to the great Gate is not yet made. 1819 Shelley To Peacock 25 Feb., Columns, ..supporting a perfect architrave, and two shattered frontispieces. 1850 Leitch tr. Muller s Anc. Art § 109. 76 An Ionic portico on the outside, and on each side a Doric frontispiece. fig. 1622 Misselden Free Trade (ed. 2) 2. When God himselfe setteth these duties in the frontispice or top of both the Tables of the Decalogue. + 3 . The first page of a book or pamphlet, or what is printed on it; the title-page including illustrations and table of contents; hence, an intro¬ duction or preface. Obs. 1607 R. C. tr. H. Estienne's World of Wonders Ep. Ded., I could see none .. fitter to be placed in the Frontispice of this worke .. then your two Lordships. 1614 Selden Titles Hon. 226 In the Frontispice of Ina’s laws, he saith he made them with the assent and help of his Bishops. 1618 Bolton Florus To Rdr., Hee figures the whole people of Rome, in the person of a Man (as the frontis¬ pice sheweth). 1646 Burgess in Presbyt. Rev. (1887) 317 This speech..a scoffing Remonstrant takes, and sets it forth odiously in the Frontispice of his Book. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. v. § 1 A Declaration (which he caused to be printed, and, in the Frontispiece, recommended to the con¬ sideration of all his loving Subjects). 1712 Steele Sped. No. 296 F1 Your prefixing Greek Motto’s to the Frontispiece of your late Papers. 1721 Bailey, Frontispiece.. the Title or first Page of a Book done in Picture. fig . c 1640 J. Smyth Lives Berkeleys (1883) II. 409 His face was the frontispice of his mind; he knew not how to dissemble a thought. 1651 Jer. Taylor Serin, for Year 1. v. 57 Godly sorrow is but the frontispiece or title page. 1673 Lady's Call. 1. ii. 12 Nature. .never meant a serene and clear forehead should be the frontispiece to a cloudy tempestuous heart. 1704 S. Wesley Dcf Let. cone. Educ. Dissenters 23 Stephen Marshall, the very Frontispiece of Smectimnuus. 4 . An illustration facing the title-page of a book or division of a book. (The current sense.) The ‘ Frontis-piece’ of the first quot ; faces the title-page. 1682 Lithgow's Trav. 111.120 And lo in the Frontis-piece is myEffigies affixed with my Turkish habit.. even as I travelled. 1748 Lady Luxborough Lett, to Shenstone 28 May, I grudge six shillings for Herveys Meditations, .but I want to see the frontispieces. 1753 Gray Let. Poems.(i775) 225 If I had received such a book, with such a frontispiece, .it would have given me a palsy. 1820 Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 368 The engraving which forms the frontispiece to this volume .. is illustrative of this accident. 1878 H. H. Gibbs Ombre 8 One of them appears in the Frontispiece which is taken from Seymour’s * Oompleat Gamester ’. fig. 1691 J. Wilson Belphegor \. ii, In a word, a thing made up of so many several parishes, that you’d have taken him at first sight for a frontispiece of the resurrection. 5 . The front piece or forepart of anything, a. The face or forehead. Chiefly jocular. a 1625 Grobian's Nnptialls , MS. Bodl. 30, If. 17 a, That fayre frontispeece of yours. 1754 Hume Hist. Eng. (1761) I. i. 26 It were a pity that., so beautiful a frontispiece should cover a mind destitute of internal grace. 1772 Nugent tr. Hist. Fr. Gerund 1. iv. 120 A smart little father, with a bit of toupet on his frontispiece. 1821 Sporting Mag. VIII. 233 Hammering his frontispiece to the appearance of a pudding- stone. 1872 Browning Fifine xcv, No face-shape, beast or bird, .but some one had preferred From out its frontispiece.. To make the vizard whence himself should view the world. b. In a theatre: The front scenery; also, the forepart of the stage. Obs. 1651 J. Wilson Astreea A viij, The Shepherdess avanceth to the Frontispiece of the Scene. 1667 Davenant & Dryden Tempest 1. i, The curtain rises, and discovers a new frontis¬ piece, joined to the great pilasters. Frontispiece (frmitispfs), v. [f. prec. sb.] brans, a. To furnish w»V ,4 as a FRONTlSPlECE^senses 3, 4), put a frontispiece to. b. To represent on the frontispiece, c. To put as a frontispiece. 1715 M. Davies A then. Brit. I. Pref. 12 Those two Clementin Epistles .. wherewith .. .Cotelerius frontispiec’d his Collection of Apostolick Remains. 1716 Ibid. II. 297 His insolent Sermon, Sawcily frontispiec’d, Non-Resistance without Priestcraft , &c. c 1821 Byron in Dowden Shelley (1887) II. 364, I have advised him to frontispiece his book with his own head, Capo di Traditore., the head of a traitor. 1831 Frasers Mag. III. 201 [He] is frontispieced most abominably, in a sort of caricature of the Freischutz. . 1836 Ibid. XIII. 34 Poole’s Sketches .. are frontispieced with an engraving. 1894 Speaker 19 May 560/2 Let him frontispiece a good map. Hence Frontispiecer, one who supplies a fron¬ tispiece. 1828 Lamb Let. to Barton 5 Dec., I esteem thy verses .. honour thy frontispicer, and..reverence thy. .dedicatee. Frontisterion, -um: see Phrontisterion. Frontless (frzrntles), a. Also 7 frontles(se. [f. Front sb. -f- less.] Having no front. 1 . fig. Unblushing, shameless, audacious, daring; = Foreheadless a. Now rare. 1605 B. Jonson Volponc iv. v, The most prodigious, and most frontlesse piece Of solid impudence. 1615 Chap¬ man Odyss. 1. 425 Command to towns of their nativity These frontless wooers. 1633 T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter ii. 10 The whelps of that Roman litter have thus cast front¬ less imputations upon them. 1739 Cibber Apol. (1756) I. 99 As if the author had impos’d upon them the most frontless . .absurdity. 1791 Boswell Johnson 10 Sept. an. 1773 The duchess had not superior parts, but was a bold frontless woman. 1823 Blackw. Mag. XIV. 464 We have .. editors frontless enough to advocate them. 1850 L. Hunt Autobiog. II. xi. 79 The repulsiveness of a republic, .with its frontless love of money. 1886 Swinburne Miscell. 297 A brainless and frontless trafficker in scandal. 2 . Of a house : That has had its front destroyed. 1887 Pall Mall G. 1 Mar. 12/1 Diano Marina is a wreck .. The passengers in the trains look into frontless houses. Hence Fromtlessly adv., Fro'ntlessness. 16x8 Chapman Hesiod 143 The worse depraving the FRONTLET. 567 FROST. better; and that frontlessly. X631 Brathwmt Whintzies, Ruffian 83 Hee will intrude most frontlesly into any com¬ pany. 1698 R. Fergusson Ecclesiastick 5 Without a strange frontlessness, they can neither deny [etc.]. 1709 J. Logan in Pa. Hist. Sac. Mem. X. 370, I cannot persuade myself that any man will be so frontlessly base. Frontlet (frontlet). Forms : 5-6 frontlett(e, (6 frountlett, 7 frontilet), 6- frontlet, [a. OF. frontelet , dim. of fronted fronteau Frontal sb. : see -let.] 1 . Something worn on the forehead. a. An ornament or band-; also, a bandage worn at night to prevent or remove wrinkles. 1478 in Rolls of Parlt. VI. 289 Frontlettes of blak velvet. 1502 Priv. Purse Exp. Eliz. of York (1830) 68 A frontlet of golde for the Quene. c 1540 J. Heywood Four P. P. B j b, And they be masked in many nettes As frontlettes, fillettes, partlettes, & braceletes. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage ( 1614) 837 They weare also frontlets ot feathers : in their eares they weare bones. 1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. in. 206 Holinesse to the Lord is found written.. upon the high Priests frontlet, a 1717 Parnell To an Old Beauty 1 To please our youthful sight You sleep in cream and frontlets all the night. 1755 Young Centaur vi. Wks. 1757 IV. 255 The Centaurs, .wearing frontlets of brass on their foreheads. 1807 Wordsw. White Doe 1. 260 That Dame of haughty air .. wears a frontlet edged with gold. 1866 J. G. Murphy Comm. Ex. xiii. 9 The fillet or frontlet encircles the head. fig. 1605 Shaks. Lear 1. iv. 208 How now Daughter? what makes that Frontlet on? You are too much of late i’th’frowne. 1791 Cowper Odyss. xiii. 469 As when we loosed Her radiant frontlet from the brows of Troy. 1876 Swinburne Erechtheus 1396 To bind on the brows of thv godhead a frontlet of night. b. In Exod. xiii. 16, Dent. vi. S, or phrases refer¬ ring thereto: = Phylactery. 1578 Bible (Genev.) Exod . xiii. 16 It shalbe as a token upon thine hande, and as frontlets betwene thine eyes. 1670 L. Stucley Gossip-Glass xl. 481 Let it be as Frontlets between thine eyes day and night. 1732 Swift Lett. Wks. 1841 II. 674 His [Clarendon’s] books had frontlets of Scripture to recommend and sanctify all their venom. 1825 Macaulay Milton Ess. (1854) 27 That sublime treatise which every statesman should wear as a sign upon his hand and as frontlets between his eyes. + c. A cloth or bandage containing some medi¬ cament ; also, the medicament itself. Ohs. 1600 Surflet Countrie Farme 1. xii. 57 To cause them to sleepe .. it is good to make a frontlet with the seede of poppie, [etc.]. 1607 Topsell Four-f Beasts (1658) 401 To put them all together into a Frontlet or fore-head cloth. 1621-51 Burton Anat. Mel. 11. v. 1. vi. 396 Frontlets are well known to every good wife, Rose water and Vinegar .. applied to both temples. 1725 Bradley Fain. Diet. s. v. Eye, You are to apply to the Temples a Frontlet made with Provence Roses. d. = Front 9 c. rare ~ K 1785 Crabbe Ne'iuspaper 375 These flaxen frontlets with elastic springs. e. = F rontal i b, front-stall (see F ront sb. 15). 1805 Scott Last Minstr. 1. v, Thirty steeds. .Barbed with frontlet of steel. 1873 Ouida Pascarel 11 .89 The bullocks went on their slow ways with flowers in their leathern frontlets, t f. A coronet. Obs. 1610 Guii.lim Heraldry vi. Concl. (1611) 283 Twixt an Earle and Vicounts Frontilets The ods is like : so needlesse to be learn’d. 2 . = Forehead i. Now only of animals. 1659 D. Pell Impr. Sea 378 Like the smooth-faced fontes, fluvia, stagna, and locus’s of a land, that lyes with never a wrinckle upon their frontlets. 1758 Dyer Fleece 1. 203 A fairer species. .Of shorter limb, and frontlet more ornate. 1810 Scott Lady of L. 1. ii, The antlered monarch of the waste. .Tossed his beamed frontlet to the sky. 1851 Mayne Reid Scalp Hunt, xxxix. 299 We can recognise the horns and frontlets of the elk. 1878 G. Macdonald Phantastes vi. 88 From frontlet to tail the horse likewise shone red. 1890 Boldrewood Col. Reformer (1891) 228 A very evil¬ looking beast, .with a development of horn remarkable even in that forest of frontlets. b. Ornith. The margin of the head, behind the bill, of birds, generally clothed with rigid bristles. 1874 Coues Birds N. IV. 89 The differences, .are found in every sufficient series of the North American bird; thus, of two specimens, both shot at Washington, D. C., one has a whitish and the other a brown frontlet. 3 . The fa5ade of a building : = Front sb. 6 . Also transf. 1808 Scott Mann. v. xx, The antique buildings, climbing high. Whose Gothic frontlets sought the sky. 1830 W. Phillips Mt. Sinai 1. 338 Fair east he turn’d him, and anon attain’d The beetling frontlet of the mountain. 4 . A superfrontal or cloth hanging over the upper part of an altar frontal; also, an ornamental border to an altar-cloth. 1536 Reg. of Riches in Antiq. Sarisb. (1771) 199 A purpure cloth, with an ymage of the Crucifix., with a divers frontlet, having in every end two white Leopards. 1549 Eng. Ch. Furniture (Peacock i860) 246 Item on corporaxe cloth & ij tasslys. Item one lyttell frountlett of fiustyan. 1874 Mickle- thwaite Mod. Par. Churches 305 One frontlet may serve with a variety of frontals. 1877 J. D. Chambers Div. Worship 269 Frontlets may be sewn on the front of these linen cloths so as to hang over the edge. t Frontly, adv. Obs. [f. Front sb. + -ly2.] ? With a bold front, bravely. 1375 Barbour Bruce xvi. 174 Thai..frontly with thar fayis can ficht. Fronto- (ftp-nto), used in scientific nomenclature for fronti the combining form of L .front-em,frdns Front, chiefly in anatomical and surgical combs. signifying 1 pertaining to the front or forehead and to something else'; as in fronto-auricular, -ethmoid, -malar , -mental (see Mental a! 1 '), -nasal, -occipital , -orbital, -parietal, -sphenoidal, - squamosal , - tem¬ poral, for which see the word forming the second member of the combination. 1857 Bullock Cazeaux ’ Midwif. 221 The fronto-mental, or the facial, extends from the frontal boss to the point of the chin. 1864 Reader No. 85. 204/1 The fronto-nasal protuberance. 1866 Huxley Prc/t. Rem. Caithn. 99 The basi-cranial line is from the anterior margin of the foramen magnum to the fronto-nasal suture. 1872 Mivart. Elem. A nat. 100 The parietal may be one with the frontal, forming a fronto-parietal bone. 1886 F. H. II. Guili.emard Cruise Marchesa I. 214 Thus causing the fronto-orbital edge to be very sharp. Fronton (fwnt^n). Also 9 frontoon. [a. Yx. fronton, ad. It. frontone, f. froute Front.] 1 . Arch. A pediment. 1698 M. Lister Joum. to Paris (1699) 42 There are two Stones in the Fronton of the South East Facade of the Louvre. 1721 Bailey, Fronton [in Architecture] is a Member which serves to compose an Ornament, raised over Doors, Cross-works, Nitches, etc. 1802 W. Taylor in Robberds Mem. I. 417 Every architrave and window-sill of the long and regular palace of the Tuileries was thickly dotted with these arches,—every frontoon and arch regu¬ larly framed with them. 1850 Leitch tr. Muller s Anc. Art § 284. 314 It stands more upright over the fronton and inclines forward more above the side-walls. 1894 Daily Ne7us 9 Oct. 5/3 One of the curiosities of Paris is the bas-relief on the fronton of the east side of the Louvre over the colonnade. 2 . Of an altar; = Frontal sb. 2. 1749 U. ap Rhys Tour Spain <$* Portugal (1760) 83 An exceeding rich Altar, the Fronton of which is of Brass gilt. || 3 . [Sp.] A building where pelota is played. 1896 Westm. Gaz. 23 Apr. 7/1 The great objection to the popularity of pelota over here is the expense of the fronton or court. 1896 Daily Chron. 16 May 9/4 A fronton epi¬ demic broke out in Madrid. Fro'ntsman. [f. Front sb. + Man.] A sales¬ man who stands on the pavement in front of a shop. 1896 Daily Chron. 25 Aug. 9/4 Butchers.—Young man, 22, seeks Situation as cutter ancl frontsman. Fro’ntstead. [f. Front sb.+ Stead sb.] A piece of ground between the front of a house and the road or street; a fore-court, a front garden. Now dial. only. 1688 Depos. Cast. York (Surtees) 285 He would make a bonefire on his own frontstead. 1769 A dome Inclos. Act 11 Houses, frontsteads, garths, gardens, and orchards. 1825 Brighton Commissioners Act § 76. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Frontstead, a front site in the line of a street. t FrO'nture. Obs. Also 5 frunture. [altered form (after words with suffix -ure) of Frontier.] = Frontier. 1417 Ld. Furnyval in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 11. I. 58 A bridge .. sett in the fronture of the borders of the Irish enimies. c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy) 18 And last was wryten in the flrontures ‘ I schalle ffullefille him withe joy’ [etc.]. 1452 Paston Lett. I. 237 Charlys Nowel, Otywell Nowell, Robert Ledeham. .kepe a frunture and a forslet at the hows of the seid Robert Ledeham, and issu ought at her pleser. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vi. xvii. § 7. 97 Placed in the fronture of this Chapter. Frontward, -wards (fnrntwgjd, -z), adv. ( a ., sb.) [f. Front sb. + -ward(s.] 1 . Towards or in the direction of the front; also, to the front of. 1865 G. Meredith Rhoda Fleming xx\\, She spoke, gazing frontward all the while. 1876 S. Lanier Poems (1884) 133 Run each road that frontward leads. 1877 — Hard Times in Elfland 6 Drew More frontward of the mighty fire, b. quasi-0d£/. Of or pertaining to the front. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xx. xi. IX. 208 Burkersdorf, Ludwigsdorf. .are frontward posts. + c. quasi-xA The direction towards the front. 1553 Brende Q. Curtins (1570) 90 b, Suche as stode in y° hinder partes of the battailles, were ordered to turne their faces from y® frontwards. 2 . With the front or face in a specified direction. Const, to. rare~ l . 1856 Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh vn. 310 Men define a man The creature who stands frontward to the stars. t Fro'nysate, a. Obs. [app. connected with Gr. (ppovrjois thought, intelligence.] 1541 R. Copland Guydon’s Quest. Chirurg. Pref., Your scyentycall beneuolence and clere fronysate intellygence. t Froofe. Obs. rare — h App.used by Chapman for ‘the handle of an auger’ (Nares). 1615 Chapman Odyss. ix. 530 And as you haue seene A ship-wright bore a nauall beame; he oft Thrusts at the Augurs Froofe ; works still aloft; And at the shanke, helpe others; with a cord Wound round about, to make.it sooner bor’d. t FrO'ppisll, a. Obs. Also fropish. [? f. *frop , var. of F rap v. + -ish.] Froward, fretful, peevish. 1659 J- Alleine in Life (1838) Let. 1. 140 As a man would give a thing to a froppish child. 1709 Brit. Apollo II. No. 77.2/2 A fropish, fro ward.. Perverse Wife. 1754 Richardson Grandison (1781) IV. xxxvii. 260 So, once, he was as frop¬ pish as a child, on my calling him the man. 1784 R. Bage Barham Doivns 1 .138 ,1 was a giddy headed girl, too proud and froppish to take up with my sister’s leavings. Hence + Frcrppishness. 1688 S. Penton Guardian's Insir. 75 Whenever you find the Child in an Extravagant fit of Froppishness and Anger. 1754 Richardson Grandison (ed. 7) V. 112 If my Lord will ask pardon for his froppishness, as we say of children. Frore (fro®j), + froren, + frorne, pa. pple. and ppl.a. [pa. pple. of Freeze v. (q.v. for Forms).] 1 . With distinctly participial sense: Frozen. Obs. exc. dial. £ 1250 Gen. < 5 ; Ex. 97 Of waters froren, of yses wal, Sis middel werld it luket al. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 265 pe water yfrore hys. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvm. xcii. (1495) 840 Salamandra quenchyth the fyre that he towchyth as yse dooth and water frore. 1477 Norton Ord. Alch. 1. in Ashm. (1652) 19 Plenty of water that was therein froare. 1542 Hen. VIII Declar. Scots 197 Our bloud is .. frorne with the cold ayre of Scotlande. 1880 Shari* Sword of Damocles III. 74 The lake .. was soon ‘from’, as they say in Suffolk. absol. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 11. xc. (1869) 108, I hatte Peresce. .the foollich, the founded, the froren. 2 . Intensely cold, frosty, frost-like. Now only poet, in the form frore (after Milton’s use). 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 130 b/i After longe tyme saynt Julyen slepte aboute mydnyght .. and it was from and moche colde. 1667 Milton P. L. ii. 595 The parching Air Burns frore, and cold performs th’ effect of Fire. 1708 J. Philips Cyder 11. 74 Th’ aged Year Inclines, and Boreas’ Spirit blusters frore. 1764 Churchill Gotham 1. Poems II. 19 Frore January, Leader of the Year. 1821 Shel¬ ley Prometh. Unb. 1. 121 Snow-fed streams now seen athwart frore vapours. 1829 Southey in Anniversary 9 Epistle , Time upon my head Hath laid his frore and monitory hand. 1850 Mrs. Browning Poems II. 415 The Loves .. lie, Frore as taken in a snow-storm. 1887 Bowen Virg. YEneid iv. 251 His beard is with icicles frore. Frory (fr 5 wib fie moub in frosty wedir..bou my}t se fie breeb. 1557 Tottel's Misc. (Arb.) J71 The sparrow in the frosty nyght, May shroude her in the eaues. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 231 In Frosty weather, Musick within doors soundeth better. 1710 Swift Lett. (1767) III. 45 It has been fair two or three days, and is this day grown cold and frosty. 1765 Akenside Pleas. Imag. 11. 339 The frosty moon Glittering on some smooth sea. i860 Tyndall Glac. 11. v. 251 If the winter set in with clear frosty weather. 1864 Tennyson Boddicea 75 The noise of frosty woodlands, when they shiver in January. f b. Belonging to the winter-season. Obs. £1381 Chaucer Pari. Foules 364 The throstel old; the frosty feldefare. 2 . transf. and fig. Cold as frost; chilling; with¬ out ardour or warmth of feeling, frigid. c 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. 173 Thisbe , How kysseth she his frosty inouthe so colde? 1592 Shaks. Ven. Ad. She red and hot.. He red for shame, but frosty in desire. 1599 B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. Dram. Pers., Asper .. One whom no. .frosty apprehension of danger, can make to be a parasite. 1605 Try all Chev. 11. iii. in Bullen O. PI. III. 295 Her father, .is frosty in my fervent suite. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 83 Death still bore to me a frosty Sound. 1833 Carlyle in Froude Carlyle (1882) II. xvi. 381 He [Jeffrey] now writes to Jane in the frostiest, .manner. 1871 Palgrave Lyr. Poems 77 Fenced from the frosty gales of ill. 3 . Covered with or consisting of hoar-frost. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iii. (1586) 141 The frostye Grasse. .fils their bellies full of water, c 1586 C'tess Pembroke Ps. lxxiv. xvi, The winters frosty gowne. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. xxxi. 424 The dormitory decked itself on the instant with a frosty forest of feathers [when the cold outside air was let in], 4 . Having the appearance of being covered with frost, a. Of the hair : Hoary, white. 14.. Circumcision in Tundale's Vis. 85 Janus bifrons .. With frosty berd. 1579 E. K. in Spenser's Shep/i. Cal. Feb. Embleme, So the old man checketh the rash-headed boy for despysing his gray and frostye heares. 1625 Hart Anat. Ur. 11. ix. 117 Where was old frostie father gray- beard (Saturne I meane)? 1794 Burns John Anderson my Jo, Your locks are like the snaw ; But blessings on your frosty pow, John Anderson my jo. b. Hence, Characteristic of old age. 1588 Shaks. Tit. A. v. iii. 77 If my frostie signes and chaps of age. .Cannot induce you to attend my words. 1863 Haw¬ thorne Our old Home 257 That dreary picture of Lear, an explosion of frosty fury. c. spec, in Entom. Of a glistening white colour. Also frosty white. 1698 J. Petiver in Phil. Trans. XX. 396 The Sides are grey or frosty. 18.. Packard (Cent.), When seen laterally the surface appears frosty white. 5 . Comb. a. adverbial, as + frosty cold ; b. para- synthetic, as frosty-natured , -spirited , -whiskered ; frosty-face slang {see quot. 1785); also attrib. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iv. xx. 67 Now thou art *frosty cold, now fyry hote. 1753 A. Murphy Gray's-Inu Jrnl. No. 48 IP 11 My Friend’s Wife damned ugly in a Morning—A *frosty Face Devil. 1785 Grose Diet. Vulgar Tongue, Frosty face , one pitted with the small pox. 1618 Dekker Owles Almanacke , Men are so *frosty natur’d. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, 11. iii. 21 What a *Frosty-spirited rogue is this ? 1852 R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour (1:893) 35 His old brandy-nosed, *frosty-whiskered trumpeter of a groom. Hence Fro’stily adv., Frostiness. Also fFrosty v., to make to look frosty, cover with ice. 1596 Lodge Marg. Amer. C ij, But when againe her mor¬ row-gathered Ice The morne displaies,and frostieth drouping leaues. 1616 B. Jonson Epigr. Iii, I rather thou should’st utterly Dispraise my work, than praise it frostily. 1720 Welton Suffer. Son of God I. vi. 118 The Pinching Cold and Frostiness of the Night! 1830 E. B. Pusey Hist. En¬ quiry II. 239 The iciness of the state, the chillness of letters, the frostiness of the people. 1851 Hawthorne Snow Image, etc. (1879) 3 1 The stars glimmering frostily. 1859 Life E. Henderson vi. 392 Volumes chargeable with somewhat of frostiness. 1885 Harper's Mag. Mar. 593/1 Her mother met them frostily. Frot (frpt), v. Forms : 4-7 frote, (4 froote, Sc. froit), 6-7 frott(e, 7 froat(e, 4- frot; pa. pple. 4 ifroted, 5 yfrote. [a. OF. froter (mod. Fr. /rotter), of unknown origin.] + 1 . traits. To rub, chafe; spec, to polish (a pre¬ cious stone) ; to rub (a garment) with perfumes; in early use, to stroke, caress (an animal). Obs. a 1225 [see Frotting vbl. sb.]. c 1320 Orfeo 77 She froted hur hondys and hur fete. 13.. Gazu. <$- Gr. Knt. 1919 Her [dogs’] hedez b^y fawne & frote. 1340-70 Alisaunder 1174 Hee raught forthe his right hand & his [Bucephalus'] rigge frotus. £ 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints , Pelagia 71 For-bi he one be cause fel. .& one be erde froittit his face. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 17 }if he [a stoon] is i-froted and i-het, he holdeb what hym nei^heb. Ibid. (Rolls) IV. 25 ^onge- lynges .. frotede \>e oliphauntes in [re forhedes wib hors combes, c 1440 Partonope 1927 Embrowded with peerle wele y-frote. c 1450 Merlin 76 Frote youre visage with this herbe, and youre handes. 1561 Hollybush Horn. Apoth. 2 Let him frot the head sore therewyth. 1562 Leigh Artnorie (it597) 52 The Hart.. froteth his homes to make them sharpe. 1600 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. (1616) v. iv, I assure you, sir, pure beniamin .. I frotted a jerkin, for a new-reuenu’d gentleman, yeelded me three score crownes but this morn¬ ing, and the same titillation. 1608 Middleton Trick , etc. iv. iii, A sweet debt for froating your doublets. 1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. 239/1 [To] Frott or Rub themselves as Hawks will do. .is to rub her eyes on her Wings. absol. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 11. cxxxiii. (1869) 127 On that oon side [j can] frote and enoynte. fig. <11340 Hampole Psalter cxxxi. 5 Wib bis thoght frote bi for heuyd. 2 . Tanning. To work or render supple by rub¬ bing. 1853 [see Frotting vbl. sb.]. Hence + Froterer, one who rubs. 1607 Marston What you will 111. i. E iv b, I am his froterer or rubber in a Hot-house. Froth sb. Forms : 4 frooth, frojre, 5-6 frothe, 6-8 froath, 4-froth. [Not found in OE.; perh. a. ON .frotSa wk. fern. (Da .fraadc, the rela¬ tion of Sw .fradga is obscure), related to the synony¬ mous ON. fraud neut.; the root (OTeut. *freul-, fraup-.frud-') appears in OE. a-freotian to froth. Possibly the Eng. word represents both ON. fraud and froSa ; for the later shortening cf. cloth .J FROTH, 570 FROUGH. 1 . The aggregation of small bubbles formed in liquids by agitation, fermentation, effervescence, etc.; foam, spume; = Foam sb. i. 138* Wyclif Hos. x. 6 Samarie made his king for to passe, as frooth on the face of water, c. 1440 Promp. Pai-v. 180/2 Frothe, spuma . 1530 Palsgr. 223/1 Frothe of an egge, glette. 1589 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 24 Venus was feigned by the Poets to spring of the froathe of the Seas. 1648 Gage West hui. xvi. 106 Untill it bubble and rise into a froath. 1672-3 Grew Anat. Roots 1. iii. § 4 The Froth of Beer or Eggs. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 333 The water was all a white foam of froth. 1795 Sir J. Dalrymple Let. to Admiralty 4 It would prevent the Yeast, or, as it is commonly’ called, the Froth, from bubbling over. 1806 Gazetteer Scotl. (ed. 2) 132 This second caldron is always covered with a foam or froth. 1886 Tip Cat xxii, 300 She. .had shaken the bottle so vigourously that its con¬ tents were more than half froth. transf. and fig. 1581 J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 108 Through the resistyng of the froath and enticementes of sinne. 1635 Swan Spec. M. i. § 3(1643) 24 The doting froth of a wittie brain. 1676 Dryden Aurengz. v. (1685) 71 For¬ give those foolish words—They were the froth my raging folly mov’d When it boil’d up. 1692 Wagstaffe Vind. Carol. Introd. 11 My end is .. to blow off that Froth, that has been thrown on his Memory. 1824 Landor Imag. Conv. Wks. 1846 1 .3 Society is froth above and dregs below. 1878 Morley Carlyle 1Q4 The lees and froth of common humanity. b. spec. Foaming saliva issuing from the mouth. 13.. Gaw. <$• Gr. Knt. 1572 pe frope femed at his mouth vnfayre bi pe wykez, Whettez his whyte tuschez. 1601 Holland Pliny xxxv. x. 542 The froth which fell from his [a dog’s] mouth as hee panted and blowed almost windlesse with running. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Supp., Froth ..is a moist white matter that oozes from a horse’s mouth. 1885 Syd. Soc. Lex. % Froth, bronchial, the tenacious frothy secretion expectorated in some cases of asthma, .and other affections of the respiratory organs. c. Extraneous or impure matter rising to the surface of liquids during boiling, etc.; scum. 1533 Elyot Cast. Helthc 11. xviii. (1541) 134 That [water], wherof commeth least skimme or froth, whan it doth boyle. 1648 Gage West Ind. xvi. 107 In wine which is in the Must .. a thinner substance, which is the flower, and may be called the scum, or froath. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 170 To skim off the froth collected on the surface. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. 193 Its name recalling its origin as the froth or scum of lava. 1883 Hardwick's Photogr. CJiem. (ed. Taylor) 363 A mixture is made of Gelatine, Albumen, [etc.]. .the ingredients being well beaten together; when the froth has settled down the mixture is filtered. 2 . Something comparable to ‘ froth ’ as being unsubstantial or of little worth. 1593 Shaks. Liter. 212 What win I if I gaine the thing I seeke ?. .a froth of fleeting ioy. 1604 Earl Stirling Darius i. Chorus, Drunke with frothes of pleasure. 1612 Brinsley Lud. Lit. 210 Nothing but froth, childishnesse and vn- certanetie. 1686 Horneck Crucif. Jesus xxii. 629 When thou hast delighted in froth, and idle talk. 1702 C. Mather Magn. Chr. 111. iii. (1852) 547 It was food and not froth, which in his publick sermons he entertained the souls of his people with. 1783 H. Blair Rhet. (1812) II. xviii. 23 There is no froth nor affectation in it. + b. Applied to what is tender or immature. a 1420 Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 2270 We Romayns pat ey han in prison loke, Ben but 3onge froth, vnlerned in atayle, And othir feble folk with age I-broke. 1557 Tusser 100 Points Husb. lix, Eate vp thy veale, pig and lambe being froth. 3 . Applied contemptuously to persons. Cf. Scum. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. 1. i. 167 Froth, and scum thou liest. 1603 Dekker Grissil iii. ii. Wks. (Grosart) V. 168 Out, you froth, you scumme. 1678 Marvell Growth Popery 22 The Froath of the Town, and the Scum of the University. 1887 Hall Caine Deemster xv, That his son should consort with all. .the dirtiest froth of the sea. 4 . attrib. and Comb. a. attributive, as froth-flake*, froth-like adj.; b. instrumental and originative, as froth-becurled , -born, - clad , faced, foamy adjs.; c. special comb., as froth-spit = Cuckoo-spit i; froth-stick, a stick for whipping cream, etc. Also in many names given to the frog-hopper ( Aphro - phora spumaria ) or cuckoo-spit insect, as froth- fly, -frog-hopper, -insect, -worm. 1624 Milton Ps. cxiv. 8 That saw the troubled sea and shivering fled And sought to hide his *froth-becurled head. a 1649 Drumm. of Hawth. Poems Wks. (1711) 19/2 The *froth-born goddess of the sea. 1769 Home Fatal Discov. v, The *froth-clad pool. 1625 W. Harbert Poems (Grosart) 81 *Froth-faced Neptune. 1841 Browning Pippa Introd. 6 Not a ^froth-flake touched the rim Of yonder gap in the solid gray Of the eastern cloud. 1864 *Frothfly [see Fescue 4]. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. xi. 23 The nimble thyes Of his *froth-fomy steed. 1816 Kirby & Sp. En- tomol. (1843) II. 10 The *Froth-frog-hoppers .. entered the room in such numbers as to cover the table. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VII. 355 Of the Earwig, the *F roth Insect, and some others, i860 O. W. Holmes Elsie V. (1861) 257 A very shallow crape bonnet frilled and ^froth-like. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Supp., * Froth spit or cuckow spit, a 1706 Country Wedding in Watson's Collect, hi. (1706) 47 My bairn has tocher of her awn.. A *Froath-stick, a Can, a Creel, a Knock. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. VII. 11. v. 358 To this order of insects we may also refer the Cuckow Spit, or * Froth Worm. Froth frp])),v. Also 5-6 (? erron.) frote, 7-8 froath. [f. prec. sb.; ON. had fifiytSa.] 1 . intr. To emit froth or foam ; to foam at the mouth. Of liquids: To gather or throw up froth; to run foaming away, by, over. 1382 Wyclif Mark ix. 17 The which ..hirtith him, and he frothith, or vometh. c 1386 Chaucer Knt.'s T. 801 As wilde bores .. That frothen whyte as foom for ire wood. c 1425 Found. St. Bartholomew's (E. E. T. S.) 36 The mayde begane greuously to be turmentyd, and sorer than she was woonnte to be vexid, frotyng at the moweth. 1529 More Supplic. Soulys 13 These folk., fume, frete, frote and fome as fyerce and as angerly as a new huntyd sow. 1603 Holland Plutarch's Mor. vi. ix. 607 When oyle doth froath or fome. 1641 Hinde J. Bruen xlvii. 148 Hee would ..froth and fome like a Boare. 1712-14 Pope Rape Lock 11. 136 The sea that froaths below. 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. I . 45 They.. call for brimming tankards frothing o’er, a 1839 Praed Poems (1864) II. 50 Grief soon would bid the beer to run, Because the squire’s mad race was done, Not less than now it froths away, Because ‘ the squire’s of age to-day\ 1855 Browning CJiilde Roland xix, This, as. it frothed by, might have been a bath For the fiend’s glowing hoof. 1876 T. Hardy Ethelberta{ 1890) 370 His lips frothing like a mug of hot ale. 1880 ‘ Ouida ’ Moths I. 12 The cutlets duly frothing in their silver dish. fig. 1824 Blackw. Mag. XV. 594 For this the demagogue spouts — the newspaper froths—the liberal in Parliament proses. 1873-4 Dixon Two Queens III. xm. x. 55 The leaguers of Cambrai were frothing at each other, and pre¬ paring for a future fight. 2 . tram. To emit or send forth in or like froth or foam. Now only with out. 1382 Wyclif Jude ii. 13 Frothinge out her confusiouns. 1388 — Wisd. xi. 19 Ether beestis frothinge heete of firis. 1859 Tennyson Vivien 765 Is your spleen froth’d out, or have ye more ? 3 . To cause to foam; to make froth rise on the surface of; to pour out in such a manner as to make frothy. Also to froth tip. 1621 Fletcher Pilgrim iii. vi, Fill me a thousand pots, and froth ’em, froth ’em. 1715 Prior Down-Hall 120 The wine was froth’d out by the hand of mine host. 1773 Johnson in Boswell 30 Sept., She .. made his coffee, and frothed his chocolate. 1806 Culina 79 Judiciously beating and frothing the eggs. 1832 Tennyson Death Old Year iii, He froth’d his bumpers to the brim. 1864 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. III. 227 A tumbler of milk warm from the cow, and all frothed up. absol. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. 1. iii. 15 Let me see thee froth and liue. 4 . To bespatter or cover with or as with froth or foam. Also, to froth over (something), fig. 1771 Smollett H. Clinker Wks. 1806 VI. 122 He suddenly bolted out. .his face frothed up to the eyes with soap lather. 1801 Southey Thalaba vi. v, The foam froth’d his limbs. 1856 Kane A ret. Expl. I. xxx. 415 Foam pours out from his jaws till it froths his beard. 1885 O. W. Holmes Mort. Antip. Introd. (1886) 4 A certain amount of sentiment., somewhat frothed over by his worldly experiences. 5 . Comb, f froth-can, the trick of frothing the can. 1624 Skelton's Ghost , E. Rumming Prol. 19 Our pots were full quarted. We were not thus thwarted, With froth- canne and nick-pot. Hence Frothed ppl. a., Fro 1 thing vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 13.. E. E A Hit. P. B. 1721 hat fropande fylpe. 1613-16 W. Browne Brit. Past. 11. iii, His hasty waves among The frothed Rocks, bearing the tender song. 1628 Robin Good- fellow 11. (1638) Diija, A Tapster .. with his pots smal- nesse, and with frothing of his drinke, had got a good summe of money together. 1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 186 By brewing Rebellion, Micking, and Frothing. 1753 Scots Mag. July 318/2 Which she..threw back with some frothed phlegm. 1795 A. Seward Lett. (1811) IV. 102 A frothing brook leaps and clamours over the rough stones. 1798 Ferriar Of Genius in Illustr.Sterne , etc. 285 Alexander learnt the art of frothing at the mouth. 1807 T. Thomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 484 The frothing might, .be ascribed to the emission of this oxygen on the application of heat. 1820 L. Hunt Indicator No. 23 (1822) I. 177 That frothed glass of porter. 1873 ‘ Ouida ’ Pascarel 1 .47 Florio was perpetually in and out. .with some frothing cup of chocolate. Fro*thery. nonce-wd. [f. Froth sb. + -ery.] Mere froth, empty display, triviality. 1851 Carlyle Jrnl. in Froude C.'s Life in Lond. II. xix. 79 ‘ All nations ’ crowding to us with their so-called industry or ostentatious frothery. Frothless (fqrples), a. [f. Froth jA + -less.] Having no froth, free from froth. 1848 in Craig ; and in later Diets. Frothsome a. [f. Feoth sb. + -SOME.] Full of froth, frothy. 1880 Blackmore Mary Anerley III. ix. 127 The sea., weltered in a sadly frothsome state. Frothy (fr/Vpi), a. [f. Froth sb. + -y L] 1 . Full of, covered with, or accompanied by froth or foam; foamy. 1533 Frith Disput. Purgat. (1829) 157 Their .. frothy waves. 1592 Shaks. Ven. <5- Ad. 901 The hunted boar Whose frothy mouth. .A second fear through all her sinews spread. 1613 Uncasing of Machivils Instr. C ij b, Beare with a Tapster though his Cans be frothie. 1615 Latham Falconry (1633) 117 When you do finde your Hawkes mouth and throat to bee continually frothy and furred. 1700 Dryden Palamon A. 11. 205 Two boars .. With rising bristles, and with froathy jaws. 1740 Somerville Hobbinol. iii. 281 Wanton Joy Lavish had spilt the Cyder’s frothy Flood. 1822-34 Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) II. 450 A frothy cough ensues. 1846 G. E. Day tr. Simon's Aniin. Chem. II. 311 The urine, .was turbid and of a reddish colour, very frothy [etc.]. 1871 B. Taylor Faust (1875) II. 11. iii. 124 Back the frothy wave is flowing. + b. Frothy Poppy, the Bladder Campion. So called because it was supposed that cuckoo-spit was more frequently found on this than on other plants. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 11. ccxiv. 551 Called .. in English Spatling Poppie, frothie Poppie, and white Ben. 1878 in Britten & Holland Plant-n. 2 . Consisting of froth or light bubbles, of the nature of or resembling foam, spumous. 1605 Timmf. Quersit. 1. vii. 32 The flower of salt .. is frothy. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. iii. 237 That spumous frothy dew or exudation. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iii. 400 About his churning Chaps the frothy Bubbles rise. 1799 Med. Jrnl. II. 140 His saliva was remarkably frothy. 1839 Murchison Silur. Syst. 1. xxv. 320 The frothy breccia on one side. 1882 Vines Sachs' Bot. 454 The tapetum becomes disorganised and forms a frothy mucilage. + b. Soft, not firm or solid, flabby. Obs. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 740 You need not fear that Bathing should make them [the Turks’ bodies] frothy. 1658 Row¬ land Moufet's The at. Ins. 1070 She hath a frothy body. 3 . fig. Vain, empty, unsubstantial, trifling. Also, of a person: Having no depth of character, con¬ viction, knowledge, etc.; shallow. 1593 Nashe 4 Lett. Confut. 16 The abiectest and frothiest forme of Diuinitie. 1622 Wither Mistr., Philar. Wks. (1633) 686 Such frothy Gallants, a 1652 J. Smith Sel. Disc. iii. 54 Contentious disputes, and frothy reasonings. 1661 Boyle Style of Script. (1675) 189 Our frothy censurers. 1707 Reflex, upon Ridicule 66 Most young People are too frothy. 1742 Richardson Pamela III. 412 Adding, in his frothy Way, Now can I say, I have saluted an Angel. 1831 Carlyle Sart. Res. 11. viii. (1871) 123 With .. much frothy rant. 1884 Edna Lyall We Two xvi, A mere ranter, a frothy mob orator. 1885 Mag. of Art Sept. 450/2 Much frothy fine writing. absol. 1762 Foote Orators 11. Wks. 1799 I. 219 You will have at one view, .the frothy, the turgid, the calm, and the clamorous. 4 . Comb., as frothy-looking adj. 1880 Miss Bird Japan 1 .133 A frothy-looking silk crepe. Hence Frothily adv., Fro thiness. 161$ Crooke Body of Man 259 The humidity, heate, frothinesse and whitenes. a 1716 South Serm. (1737) VIII. ix. 264 The profaneness and frothiness of his dis¬ course. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Frothily, with Froth; also emptily, not solidly or substantially, lightly. 1823 Lamb Elia , On some Old Actors , The .. face.. that looked out so formally flat in Foppington, so frothily pert in Tattle. 1846 G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. II. 5 A limpid fluid., unobscured by frothiness. 1890 Longm. Mag. Nov. 109 Persons who frothily declaim about genius. + Fro tion. Obs. rare— 1 . [? a. Du. vrouwtje(n = vromvken\ see Frokin.] V A maiden. 1587 Turberv. Trag. T. 12 a, Athwart the wood With cruel! curi es an armed knight there went, That had in chace a frotion fresh of hewe. Frotting (frp*tig), vbl. sb. [f. Frot v. + -ing 1 .] The action of the vb. Frot in various senses. a 1225 Ancr. R. 284 pe caliz.. puruh so monie duntes & frotunges, to Godes biheue..so swuSe ueire afeited. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 417 Frotinge of iren and whe- stones pou schalt hire, c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 195 Froting wifi squillis is good perfore. 1853 C. Morfit Tanning, etc. 157 The working, or frotting is solely to remove the wrinkles and stiffness of the dry skins. t Fronting, ppl . a. Obs. [f. Frot v. + -ing 2 .] Rubbing ; (of language) grating, harsh. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 163 pe longage of pe Norphumbres. .is so scharp, slitting, and frotynge. 1567 Turberv. Epitaphes , etc. 70 b, It frets the Culter keene that cuts the froting soyle. t Frond. Obs. Also 2 frude, -to, 3 frode, 5 frowde. [ME. frude (riming with prude) \ see Frog jA 1 ] A frog or toad. a 1200 Moral Ode 271 peor be ‘5 naddren and snaken eueten and frude [v. rr. fruden, frute]. a 1240 Sawles Warde in Cott. Horn. 251 pe laSe helle wurmes, tadden ant frog- gen [v. r. froden] pe freoteS ham ut te ehnen. c 1440 Jacob's Well (E. E. T. S.) 209 He openyd his cofere in presence of his confessour, & fonde per-in as manye frowdys as he putt per-in almessis. pe preest seyde : ‘ here pou seest how almes of euyl getyn good plesyth god ! ‘ pat man seyde .. syth I falsly haue deuouryd pe peple of here good, perfore pise frowdys schal deuowre my body qwyk. 1496 Dives <$• Paup. (W. de W.) 1. xlvi. 87/1 Some man hadde leuer for to mete with a froude or a frogge in the waye than to mete with a knyght or a squyre. II Frou-frou (fr u ini). [Fr.; of echoic forma¬ tion.] A rustling, csp. the rustling of a dress. 1870 Athenaeum 4 June 734 The modern frou-frou of satin and gros-de-Naples skirts is nothing to the rustling of brocaded silks. 1871 M. Collins Mrq. Merch. III. v. 155 With a frou-frou of soft silk she arose. 1891 Speaker 2 May 527/1 The rustle of the dresses, the frou-frou of the fans. fig. 1876 Bf.sant & Rice Gold. Butterfly vi, The frou¬ frou of life was lost to her. 1883 ‘Ouida* Wanda II. 4 The Princess fretted for some little frou-frou of the world to break its solemn silence. Frough., frow, a. Obs. exc. dial. Forms; 3 frouh, 4 frou^, 5 frogh, 5, 6, 9 Sc. freuch, (6 frewch, 8 freugh), 4, 7- frow, 8 frowe, 5, 7- frough. [Of obscure origin : the forms point back to OE. *froh , or possibly *Proh ; a word of the latter form is represented by prtigum ‘rancidis*, Pr&n ‘ rancida ’ (Napier OE. Gil. vii. 193, 210); for the meaning cf. Froughy.] 1 . Liable to break or give way, not to be depended on, frail, brittle, lit. and fig. c 1275 Luue Ron 44 in O. E. Misc. (1872) 94 Hit is fals and inereuh and frouh. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 2305 poghe pe prest be fals or frow. c ie front it fronces (rat was scene. 13.. Gaw. 4 Gr. Knt. 2306 Penne tas he hym strype to stryke, & frounses bole lyppe & browe. 1390 Gower Conf. I. 95 With that she frounceth up the browe. c 1572 Gascoigne Frillies Warre (1S31) 209 The frolicke fauour frounst and 571 foule defast. 1587 Hughes Mis/ort. Arthur iv. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley IV. 321 All fury-like, frounc’d up with frantic frets. 1628 Le Grys tr. Barclay's Argenis 143 That he may not seeme mercenary, hee will frounce his browes. + b. intr . To knit the brows; to look angry. Also of the face or forehead: To fall into wrinkles, become wrinkled. Obs . ci4«;o Henryson Test. Cress. 155 in Thynne’s Chaucer Qqiiij, His face frounsed. .His teth chattred. c 1530 Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt . (1814) 489 [He] frounsed and glared with his eyen as though he had ben wode. 1583 Stanyhurst sEneis 11. (Arb.) 63 Grislye faces frouncing, dyd I see. 1600 Holland Livy vn. vi. 253 They frounced and tooke on most insolently for this unhappie expedition. 2 . trans. To frizz, curl (the hair, a wig, etc.); also, to curl the hair of. 1526 Skelton Magnyf. 1532 Schall frounce them in the foretop. 1559 Aylm er Harbor erwe N j b, Ladies.. with their heares frownsed and curled, a 1592 Greene Mamillia 11. Wks. (Rtldg.) 316/1 A periwig frounc’d faste to the front. 1632 Milton Penseroso 123 Not trick’d and frounc'd as she was wont. 1819 H. Busk Vestriad 11. 102 Some.. scatter’d o’er the silver margin stood, To frounce their braids. b. Jig, [Echoing Milton : see quot. 1632 in 2.] 1891 Saintsbury Scherer s Ess. Pref. 9 Not only unneces¬ sary, but in bad taste, to trick or frounce him in English. t 3 . To gather (a piece of cloth, a garment, etc.) into creases or pleats ; to pleat. Obs. a 1533 Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Cc vj, Their shurts frounced. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Mowbray’s Banislvn. xxv, All iagde and frounst with diuers coloures dekt. 1610 Guillim Herahhy vi. v. (1611) 266 A piece of cloth, .that is iagged and frownced after the manner of our now commonly recieued Mantlings. 1805 Scott Last Min - str. iv. xviii, Buff coats, all frounced and broidered o’er. + b. intr. To fall into creases or pleats. Obs. c 1400 Rom . Rose 7259 Shoos knopped with dagges That frouncen lyke a quaile pipe. 1548 Hall Chro7i., Hen. VIII (1809) 691 It bossed out and frounced very stately to behold. Hence Frounced ppl. a ., f ( a ) of the forehead : Wrinkled ; ( b ) of the hair, the head, etc. : Curled, frizzed; Frouncing vbl. sb + {a) knitting of brows ; (b) frizzing; also attrib. 1422 tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. (E. E. T. S.) 221 A sharpe straght farred, noght gretly lene ne al full, nethyr al frouncet. c 1450 Henryson Fables, Paddok Mous 43 Her fronsit face, a 1529 Skelton P. Sparozve 1337 The ferryman of hell, Caron .. with his frownsid foretop. 1530 Palsgr. 223/2 Frounsyn g,/ronce7nent. a 1568 Ascham Scholem.(Axb.) 54 An ouerstaring frounced hed, as though out of euerie heeres toppe, should suddenlie start out a good big othe. 1593 Nashe Christ’s T. (1613) 148 Thy flaring frounzed Periwigs. 1600 Holland Livy xxxm. xxxix. (1609) 846 There was frounsing, and their bloud was up. 1603 H. Crosse Vertues ConunwA 1878) 76 Fyevpon these frownsing Irons. 1656 W. D. tr. Comenius* Gate Lat. Uni, § 203 The Temples .. in those that are angry frownced or furrowed. 1835 in Gentl. Mag. Feb. (1836) 135 And her hair was all frizzled and frounc’d like a nigger. Frount(e, Frountel(l, Frounter, obs. ff. of Front, Frontal, Frontier. + Frou sshure. obs .— 1 [acl. OF. froisseure (Fr . firoissure), f. froisser to rub violently, to crush.] A bruise, contusion. c 1477 Caxton Jason 138 b, Renewing to him the dolour and grete payne of his woundes and frousshures. Frouzy : see Frowzy. t Frover, sb. Obs. Forms : 1 frofer, -or, -ur, 2-3 frofer, 3 frofre, froure, frowere, frover (e, south, vroure. [OE .firofior, str. fem. and masc. = OS. firobra, frifra, OlKl. fuobara.) 1 . Comfort; a means of comforting. Beowulf 698 Him dryhten forgeaf .. frofor ond fultum. c 1000 yElfric Horn. I. 136 He £e-andl>idode Done frofer. c 1200 Ormin 8786 Forr patt he jiiepp her hiss peoww Hiss frofre o seofenn wise, a 1225 Aner. R. 92 peonne schullen 3e iseon hu al pe world nis nout, & hu hire uroure is fals. a 1240 Ureisun in Cott. Horn. 185 We .. buggep worldles froure wip moni sori teone. b. applied to God, the Holy Ghost. a 1225 Juliana 11 Jefpu wult. .leuen. .i pehali gast folkene froure. c 1250 Hymn to God 5 in Trin. Coll. Horn. App. 258 Vroure & hele folkes fader, c 1250 Gen. 4 Ex. 54 Hali froure welt oc Sat mi3t. c 1273 Lay. 387 Fader he his on heuene and alle man his frouere. 2 . attrib.,as, Frover-Ghost [ = Q>\\G. fluobargeisl ]; also in syntactical form Irovre Ghost, the Com¬ forter, the Holy Ghost. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. John xiv. 26 Se haliga frofre gast. c 1000 Allfric Horn. I. 322 Se Halga Gast. .is jjehaten on Grecis- cum jereorde, Paraclitus, Saet is, Frofor-gast. c 1173 Lamb. Horn. 97 pe frofre gast. c 1200 Ormin 10554 pe Faderr, & te Frofre Gast Himm hafenn sett to demenn. + Fro’ver, v. Obs. Forms: 1 frdfran, -ian, frof.elrian, 2-3 frefrian, -en, 2-3 freuren, -in, 2-4 frou(e)ren, -in, south, vrouren, vrosefrien, (3 frofieren). Also 1-2 sefrdfran, -ian, 2 ifrdfran, 3 ifrofren. \_ 0 \L. frefrian, fnfrian, also gefrefran, gefrifrian, {.frofor, Frover sb. Cf. OS .frobrean, OHG. fluobiren . ] trans. To comfort, console. Const, for, of. C900 tr. Bazda’sHist. v. v. (1890)396 CwaeShe pa:t.gewune- lice word ptera frefrendra. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. John xi. 19 11 15 woldon hi frefrian for hyra broSor pingon. c J175 Lamb. Horn. 97 He ifrefraS pa drorijan. c 1200 Ormin 150 Forr patt he wollde himm frofrenn. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 119 Bidde we nu pe holigost. .pat he. .freure us of alle sore3e. c 1203 Lay. 19545 pat [ich] on pissen felde mote bcon ifroured. c 1290 A". Eng. Leg. I. 465/104 Pouere Men pare-with to freueri. c 1315 Shoreham 7 Frevereth thorwe FROWARD. his body man. c 1320 Cast. Lone 889 Of pulke [grace] pat alle [con] frouere. Hence + Fro'vering vbl. sb. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 117 Ich wile 3m senden pe heuen- liche frefringe wiS-innen a lit da3es. c 1300 Harro'W. Hell 166 We hopeth wel thourh thy comyng Of oure sunnes haven froryng. Frow (frau), sb. Forms: 4, 6-8 frow(e, 6-8 fro(e, (7 frau, phraw), 7- frow. [ad. Du. vrouw — GtT. frah lady, woman, wife.] 1 . A Dutchwoman. 1390 Will of M. Quellynglourgh (Comm. Crt. Lond.), Margareta Quellyngbourgh Frowe. 1477 Poston Lett. No. 792 III. 181 The frowys of Broggys, with there hye cappes. 1605 Lond. Prodigal v. i, By this light a Dutch frow; they say they are called kind. 1617 Middleton & Rowley Fair Quarrel in. ii. 1 [To a Dutch nurse] Sweet fro, to your most indulgent care Take this my heart’s joy. c 1681 Roxb. Ball. (1891) VII. 490 In Holland a Phraw he did wed, a couple he marri’d in Cailes. 1796 Campaigns I 793”4 b i» ii* 7 The skippers and frows flocked in crowds to the pier. 2 . A woman, a lady ; a wife. Chiefly of Dutch or German women, or of others compared to them. 1587 Harrison England 11. ix. (1877) T * I ^9 Saxon princes began to ioine in matrimonie with the British ladies, as the British barons did with the Saxon frowes. 1639 Glapthorne Wallenstein m. ii, I’ve known him. .for all this heat ’Gainst woman-hood, pursue a sutlers froe. 1666 tr. Horace's Odes viii. ii, The sun-burnt froe Of him that was chose Consul from the plough. 1708 E. Cook Sot-weed Factor (1865) 21 We scarce had play’d a Round about, But that these Indian Froes fell out. 1831 Trelawny Adv. Younger Son I. 168 Old Saboo there keeps himself, and flow, and half a score of young ones. + 3 . Applied to the Mgenads or Bacchantes of classical paganism ; also transf. 1567 Turberv. Ovid's Ep. 114 The frantike fro, Whome fell Erich tho hath in chase. 1589 Pasquil's Ret. D, Some gadded vppe and downe the streetes, like Bacchus Froes. 1606 Chapman M. D'Olive Plays 1873 I. 208 The Ladies of this land would teare him peece-meal (As did the drunken Froes, the Thratian Harper). 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. viii. 117 The frantick British Froes, their hair disheuelled With fire-brands ran about, a 1616 Beaum. & Fl. Wit at Sev. Weapons v. i, They are now Buxsome as Bachus Froes— revelling, dancing. 4 . dial. (See quot.) 1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves Gloss. Frow sb., an idle, dirty woman, c 1795 [? Porson] Horace Odes 1. xxvii. in Spirit Pub/. Jrnls. (1799) I. 142 And were your girl the dirtiest drab..Out with it. .What ? isitshe? the filthy frow. t Frow, adv. Obs. rare— b [Cf. ON./nLr adj., quick.] Hastily. e 1325 Earth i. in E. E. P. (1862) 150 Erp vp erp fallip fol frow [glossed festine J. Frow: see Froe, Frough. Froward (fro« - \vsjd), a., adv., prep. Forms : a. 2-5 fraward, 3 Or in. frawarrd, 4-5 frawarde, -werd, frauward, 5-6 Sc. frawart, 6 frauwerde ; / 3 . 2- froward, 4-5 frowerd, 4-6 frowarde. [Early ME. f .fra, Fro +-ward. Cf. Fromward.] A. adj. (Not now in colloquial use.) 1 . Disposed to go counter to what is demanded or what is reasonable; perverse, difficult to deal with, hard to please; refractory, ungovernable; + also, in a wider sense, bad, evilly-disposed, ‘ naughty ’. (The opposite of toward.) a 1300 Cursor M. 7302 ‘ Parfai pan answard Samuel, ‘ Yee ar to fraward [Trin. frowarde] wit to dele ’. 1340 Hampole Pr. Cousc. 5854 If man be til God frawarde. 1382 Wyclif Deut. xxi. 18 If a man gete a rebel sone, and a fraward.. >387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 3t9 To chaste froward men and sturne men. e 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems 141 How may this be that thou art froward To hooly chirche to pay thy dewtee. 14.. Why / can't be a Nun 317 in E. E. P. (1862) 146 For sum bene devowte, holy, and towarde. .And sum bene feble, lewde, and frowarde. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. vi. 13 Ye shall be safe .. agaynste the frowarde temptour. 1577 B. Googe Heresbac/is Husb. iv. (1586) 167 b, The Cocke of this kinde, is a frowarde and mischievous Birde. 1385 Abp. Sandys Serm. ii. 28 Samuel, reiected. .by this froward & rebellious people. 1623 Bacon Ess., Innovations (Arb.) 527 A Froward Retention of Cus- tome, is as turbulent a Thing, as an Innouation. 1689-90 Temple Ess., Poetry Wks. 1731 I. 240 When all is done, Human Life is, at the greatest and the best, but like a froward Child, that must be play’d with and humour’d a little to keep it quiet till it falls asleep. 1703 Claren¬ don!s Hist. Rcb. II. Ded. 5 That this Remark may not look froward or angry, a 1716 Blackall Wks. (1723) I. 45 Such froward and touchy People as these. 1775 Johnson 14 Apr. in Boswell, A judge may become froward from age. 1820 Hazlitt Led. Dram. Lit. 270 In the infancy of taste, the froward pupils of art took nature to pieces, as spoiled children do a watch. 1848 Lytton Harold v. vii, ‘ Speak on’ said Hilda, calmly as a nurse to a froward child. 1835 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xix. (1858) 291 Russell had always been froward, arrogant, and mutinous. absol. 1333 Coverdale Ps. xvii[i]. 26 With the. frowarde thou shalt be frowarde. 1661 Bramhall Just Find. iii. 47 They may remove the froward from their offices. 1842 J. H. Newman Par. Serm. VI. 346 If you bear with the froward. 2 . Of things : + a. Adverse, unfavourable, un¬ toward; difficult to deal with, refractory. Of shape (cf. B. 2): Ill-formed, ugly (obs.). b. In later use only as fig. of sense 1 (said, e.g., of for¬ tune) : Perverse, ill-humoured. a 1300 Cursor M. 8104 Bi-halden vs inogh has pou Vr fra¬ ward scapp al ses pou hov. 13.. Seuyn Sag. (W.) 2622 The weder was cold & froward. c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems 103 By froward chaunce my hood was gone. 1513 Douglas 72-2 FROWARD. 572 FROWZE. JEneis in. ii. 149 Syryus, the frawart star. 1523 Skf.lton Garl. Laurel 1450 This delycate dasy, With frowarde frostis, alas was all to-fret. 1541 R. Copland Galyen's Letup. 2 D iij, Curacyon of frowarde and rebel vlceres. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 120 To take his froward fortune and untoward luck with, .patience. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters III. 213 It has been my froward fate to have too much. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 270 During this month of froward weather. 1805 Wordsw. Prelude v. 348 The froward chaos of futurity. 1880 Miss Broughton Sec. Th. II. vii, The froward May month. + 3 . quasi-j/>. A froward person or thing. Obs. a 1529 Skelton P. Spar owe 779 Our language is so rusty, So cankered, and so full Of frowardes. 1581 J. Bell Haddon"s A ns7u. Osor. 266 b, Through the cankerd peevish- nes of wayward frowardes. f B. adv. Obs. 1. In a direction that leads away from the person or thing under consideration ; = From ward. O. E. Citron, an. 1127 Eall }?£et J?a beon dragen toward swa frett ha drane & dra^aS fraward. 1426 Audelay Poems 68 3 if thou to the cherche go, Toward, froward, or ellis cum fro. 1494 Fabyan Citron, v. cxxvii. 108 He myghte goo or ryde frowarde or sydewarde, but towarde the chapell myght he in no wyse atteygne. 1540-54 Croke/ > j. (Percy Soc.) 34 Thy face allwey thus wilt thou let Be turned froward ? 1596 Spenser F. O. vi. x. 24 And eeke them selves so in their daunce they bore, That two of them still froward seem’d to bee, But one still towards shew’d her selfe afore. 2. fig. Untowardly; perversely. Froward shapen = misshapen (cf. Fhom-shapen). a 1300 Cursor M. 8076 Sagh man neuer for-wit J?at hore, Sua fraward scapen creature. 1580 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 465 Thou knowest howe frowarde matters went, when thou tookest shippe. t C. prep. (In a direction) away from; = From- ward. Also in form frowards. Obs. (or arch.) c 1200 Ormin 4672 J>a turrnesst tu \>e frawarrd Godd, & towarrd eor^lic ahhte. c 1250 Gen. <$• Ex. 3322 At euen cam a fu^el-fl^t, fro-ward arabie to hem ri^t. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 11. viii. (1495) 36 The angels slake neuer.. nother tornyth theyr entent frowarde god. c 1400 Melayne 1314 The Sowdane. .sawe the Cristen in the felde Frowarde the Cite ride, c 1470 Henry Wallace v. 786 Frawart the south thaim thocht it best to draw. 1470-85 Malory Arthur x. xxx, And euer sire Tristram tracyd and trauercyd and wente froward hym here and there. 1513 Douglas YEneis I. i. 57 Scho thame fordrivis, and causis oft ga will Frawart Latium. Ibid. iv. Prol. 130 Thyself or thame thou frawartis God remouis. a 1850 Rossetti Dante # Circ. 1. (1874) 106 He only is a pilgrim who goeth towards or frowards the House of St. James. b. with tmesis fro .. ward. c 1220 Bestiary 719 And wende we neure fro him-ward. + Froward, v. Obs. [f. prec. adj.] trans. To make froward. 1627-47 Feltham Resolves 1. xxxvi. 119 Vexations when they daily billow upon the minde, they froward even the sweetest soul, and. .turn it into spleen and testinesse. + Fro wardEede. Obs. [-hede, -head.] = Frowardness. <71470 Harding Citron, ccix. ix, The prynce of wrath and wilfull hede Agayne hym made debate and frowardhede. Frowardly (frai haue lost. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas, xiv. ii, Afrycus, Auster bloweth frowardly. 1526 Tindale 1 Cor. xiii. 4 Love doth not frowardly. 1588 A. King tr. Canisius * Catech. 145 Quhilk glaidlie or frawartlie dois praesume to speik agains the halie decrees of the fathers. 1645 Milton Tetrach. Wks. (1847) 211 Finding the mis¬ believer not frowardly affected. 1688 S. Penton Guardians Instr. 71, I once dealt with him very Frowardly, and ask’d him plainly, How [etc.]. 1845-6 Trench Huls. Led. Ser. 11. vii. 263 He deals frowardly in the land of uprightness. Frowardness (frJu-woidnes). [f. as prec. -f -ness.] Froward quality or condition; perversity ; untowardness ; an instance of this. a 1300 Cursor M. 27617 O pride bicums vnbuxumnes, strif and strutt, and frawardnes. a 1340 Hampole Psalter liv. 22 Dwelland in frawardnes of }?aire witt. c 1440 Jacob's Well (E. E. T. S.) 155 Frowardnes comyth fro \>e herte, but }>e tunge schewyth it out thrugh ouer-thwerte woordys. c 1555 Harpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII (Camden) 223 He did it not for any self-will or frowardness. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 393 The frowardnesse of my fortune. 1647 Claren¬ don Hist. Reb. vi. § 21 The pride, frowardness, and rversness of the Rebels. 1/12 Berkeley Pass. Obed. § 42 e should not. .shew a frowardness or impatience of those transient sufferings, a 1716 South Serin. II. 78 How many Frowardnesses of ours does he smother, how many Indigni¬ ties does he pass by. 1775 Burke Sp.Conc.Amer. Wks. (1808) III. 62 It is nothing but a little sally of anger, like the fro- wardness of peevish children, who, when they cannot get all they would have, are resolved to take nothing. 1848 YV. H. Kelly tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten Y. I. 188 Giving way to one of his occasional fits of boyish frowardness, he dashed his sword on the floor. t Frowardship. Obs. [see -ship.] =prec. 14.. Burgh Laws c. 34 (Sc. Stat. I.), Throuch frawart- schyp [ contrarietate ] of hym selff. Frowde, var. of Froud, Obs., frog or toad. Frower: see Froe sb. Frowie, var. of Froughy a. Obs. Frowish, aP Obs. rare.— l [? f. frow, Fro + -1SH, after froward .] ? Unfavourably disposed, froward. 1589 Greene Tullics Love (1609) D b, Were you but as fauourable as you are frowish. ■f Frowish, a . 2 Obs. [f. frow, Frough a. + -ish.] Frowzy, stale-smelling, fetid. 1608 IVithals' Diet. 286 He that is rank or frowish in savour, hircosus. 1688 Bunyan Solomon's Temple xvii, Covetousness makes a minister smell frowish. Frown (fraun), sb. [f. next; but cf. the equi¬ valent OF .froignel] 1 . A wrinkled aspect of the brow; a look expres¬ sive of disapprobation or severity, occas. of deep thought or perplexity. Also, the habit of frowning. 1605 Shaks. Lear i. iv. 209 You are too much of late i’ th* frowne. 1625 in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. III. 206 With one frown, divers of us being at White Hall to see her..she drave us all out of the Chamber. 1710 Steele & Addison Tatler No. 253 p 8 May a Man knit his Forehead into a Frown. 1801 Southey Thalaba 1. viii, His brow in manly frowns was knit. 1863 Miss Braddon Eleanors Viet. III. i. 3 The lawyer, .walked away from his wife with a frown upon his face. 1872 Darwin Emotions ix. 223 He encounters some obstacle in his train of reasoning .. and then a frown passes like a shadow over his brow. fig. 1783 Mason Du Fresnoy's Art Paint. 341 Beneath the frown of angry Heav’n. .The guilty Empire sunk. 1808 J. Barlow Columb. in. 636 Ere darkness shroud you in a deeper frown. 2 . A manifestation of disapprobation. 1581 Mulcaster Positions v. (1887) 27 Dissuaded from the worse, by misliking and frowne. <11x627 Sir J. Beaumont A usonius xvi. 33 Peruerting crimes he checkes with angry frownes. 1721-2 Wodrow Suffer. Ch. Scotl. (1838) I. 1. ii. § 2. 112/1 To this no answer was given, but frowns. 1722 De Foe Relig. Courtsh. 1. iii. (1840) 104 The father’s frowns are a part of correction. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 205 He tried the effects of frowns and menaces. Frowns and menaces failed. x868 E. Edwards Raleigh I. ix. 140 Ralegh .. was still, .under the frown of his royal mistress. Hence Frownful a., full of frowns ; Frown- less a., devoid of frowns; Frowny a., having a habit of frowning. 1771 Langhorne Laurel Reed 52 The murderer’s burning cheek to hide, And on his frownful temples die. a 1861 Sir F. Palgrave (Ogilvie), Her frowny mother’s ragged shoulder. 1890 Univ. Rev. 15 June 262 Planted with virtues, frownless gravity And sober elegance. Frown (fraun), v. Forms: 4-6 froun(e, (5 frownyn), 6-7 frowne, 4- frown. [ME .froune, ad. OF. froignier, frongnier (mod.!', only in the compound refrogner), of obscure origin.] 1 . intr. To knit the brows, especially by way of expressing displeasure or (less frequently) con¬ centration of thought; to look sternly. Said also of the brow. + Also (rarely), to sneer. c 1386 [see Frowning ppl. a.] C1430 Lydg. Min. Poems 17 Wiche ought of resone the devise to excuse To alle tho that wold ageyn it ffroune or musee. c 1440 Promp. Paw. 181/1 Frownyn wythe the nose, nasio. c 1477 Caxton Jason 52 He frowned in this wise and bote on his lippe a grete while. 1574 Mirr. Mag., Sabrina xx ix, When For¬ tune most doth smile : Then will she froune : she laughes but euen a while. 1602 Marston Ant. Mel. in. Wks. 1856 1 .32 Fortunes browe hath frown’d, Even to the utmost wrinkle it can bend. 1667 Milton P. L. ii. 106 He ended frowning, and his look denounc’d Desperate revenge. 1777 Sheridan Sell. Scand. A Portrait, She frowns no goddess, and she moves no queen. 1858 Lytton What will he do 11. xii, Had I been your father, I should have taken alarm, and frowned. 1872 Darwin Emotions ix. 223 A man who joined us, and who could not conceive what we were doing, when asked to listen, frowned much, though not in ail ill temper. b. Of inanimate things: To present a gloomy or threatening aspect. 1642 Rogers Naaman 118 They saw the times to frowne and trouble to come. 1659 D. Pell Impr. Sea 480 And will you not bee in the like fear, when the Heavens frown above you ? 1764 Goldsm. Trav. 85 And though the rocky- crested summits frown. 1794 Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho i, And sometimes frowned with forests of gloomy pine. 1839 Yeowell ^«c. Brit. Ch. i. (1847) 7 That wild architecture, whose gigantic stones .. are still to he seen frowning upon the plains of Stonehenge. 1854 J- S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) II. xv. 283 The cannon of the Prussians frowned along the rugged eminences of their left. 1868 Milman St. Paul's i. 9 A rude Saxon temple may have frowned down from the height above the Thames. 2 . To express disapprobation or unfriendliness by a stern look. Const, at, on, upon. Also in indirect passive. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 395 You are not the first upon whom fortune hath frowned. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. 1. i. 194, I frowne. vpon him, yet he loues me still. X648 Gage West Ind. iv. 13 Much were wee frowned at by the Dominicans our chiefest friends. 1709 Addison 'Patter No. 24 P 11 Frontlet not only looks serious, but frowns at him. 1794 Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xix, Montoni frowned upon him. a 1859 Macaulay Hist. Eng. V. 152 That they should he. .frowned upon at Kensington for not going farther. b. attributed to inanimate objects. 1611 Shaks. Wint. T. m. iii. 6 The heauens with that we haue in hand, are angry, And frowne vpon ’s. 1816 Keatinge Trav. (1817) II. 32 Robat and Sallee seem to frown at each other across this fine river. 3 . quasi -trans. a. To drive or force with a frown away, back, down , off; also from, into (something). 1678 Dryden Allfor Love 11. i, Ventidius fix’d his Eyes upon my Passage Severely, as he meant to frown me back. 1712 Blackmore Creatioir$is Despairing wretch, he’ll frown thee from his throne. 1741 Watts Improv . Mind 1. iii. §2 Nor should such an enquiring temper be frowned into silence. ci8oo K, White Lett. (1837) 2 74 The fear of singularity frowns me into the concealment of it. 1805 Byron To Dorset v, Peace, that reflection never frown’d away. 1806 Web¬ ster in Scudder Life vi. (1882) 231 ,1 will be neither frowned nor ridiculed into error. 1831 Lytton Godoiph. 66 You would not frown a great person like Lady Delville into affection for us. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge ii, And the cold black country seemed to frown him off. 1870 Baldw. Brown Eccl. Truth 261 A new order of society in which. .judges [should] no more frown down the poor. b. To enforce, express, produce, etc. by a frown. 1775 Sheridan Rivals Epil., She smiles preferment, or she frowns disgrace. 1798 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. XXV. 518 Among us, however, the present statue of the prophet would seem to frown restraint on levity and mirth. 187X L. Stephen Playgr. Eur . iii. (1894) 72 In 1861 the Scnreckhorn.. still frowned defiance upon all comers. Hence + Frowned ppl. a., covered with a frown; made to look frowning. Also Frowner, one who frowns. 1598 Florio, Inarcato , a frowned or scouled countenance. 1630 Brathwait Eng. Gentlem. (1641) 138 Such.. friends or acquaintance as are neither.. Fawners nor Frowners. a 1763 Byrom Christ among Doctors 10 That meek old Priest, with placid Face of Joy, That Pharisaic Frowner at the Boy. X872 Darwin Emotions ix. 223 Some persons are such habitual frowners^ that the mere effort of speaking almost always causes their brows to contract. 1892 Idler ]une 590 A handful of frowners against thirty million laughers 1 Frownce, obs. form of Frounce. Frowning (frairniq), vbl. sb. [f. Frown v. + -ING 1 .] The action of the vb. Frown; an instance of the same. c 1400 Rom. Rose 4062 With that the cherl his clubbe gan shake, Frouning his eyen gan to make, And hidous chere. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 181/1 Frownynge. 1548 Udall Erasm. Par. Luke iii. 9 E vj, For hittur frounyng, godly ioye and lightenesse of herte. X592 Wyrley Armorie T45 With frownings dume, downe are his smilingscast. 1616 J. Lane Cont. Sqr.'s T. x. 478 Turnes him fro, and nought hut frowninges gave. 1713 Swift Frenzy of J. Dennis Wks. 1755 III. 1. 146 He read a page or two with much frowning. X821 Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 16 How pinch’d with winter’s frownings he has been. 1872 Darwin Emotions ix. 224 We may conclude that frowning is not the expression of simple reflection .. hut of something difficult or displeasing encountered. Frowning (frairniq), ppl. a. [f. Frown v. + -ING 2 .] That frowns; gloomy; stern; disapprov¬ ing, threatening. c 1386 Chaucer Clerk's T. 300 And eke whan I say ya, ye say not nay, Neither by word ne frouning countenance : Swere this, and here I swere our alliance, c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems 245 Now frownyng cheer, now fressh of visage. 1567 Turberv. To a Gentlewoman from whome he tooke a Ring 1 What needes this frowning face? 1659 D. Pell Impr. Sea 377 A frowning, raging, and rowling storm. 1736 Neal Hist. Purit. III. 520 The General Assembly .. sent at the same time two frowning letters. 1822 B. Cornwall Poems , Modena, And o’er her many a frowning fold Of crimson shades her closed eyes. 1847 A. M. Gilliam Trav. Mexico 20 The frowning guns of the Castle. 1862 H. Marry at Year in Sweden II. 402 A deep ravine of frowning rocks. b. attrib. in + frowning cloth, an imaginary frontlet supposed to be worn by a person when displeased. 1580 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 285 The gallery, where shee was solitaryly walking, with her frowning cloth, as sick lately of the solens. Frowningly (frairniqli), adv. [f. Frowning ppl. a. + -ly *.] In a frowning manner. 1556 J. Heyvvood Spider F. Ixxvi. 22 Such flies as erst had frowninglie faste him : Louinglie they then, on him did smothlie smile. 1617 Hieron Wks. (1619-20) II. 270 With the eye of his soule he saw the Lord looke frowningly vpon him. X797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xxvi, ‘ You shall know me hereafter’, said the stranger, frowningly. 1870 Miss Bridgman Ro. Lynne II. ii. 21 Four rows of dark houses that frowningly faced one another. Frown t, obs. form of Front. Frowst, froust (.fraust), v. ? dial. [Of un¬ known origin ; cf. Harrow school s\a.ngfroust sb., ‘ extra sleep allowed in the morning of Sundays and whole holidays’ (Barrere andLeland).] intr. To rest lazily, lounge. 1884 Standard 5 May 4/4 A generation that frousts over the fire. 1889 B. Whitby Awakening M. Fenwick II. 182, I hate..frowsting over a fire. Frowsty (frarrsti), a. dial, [of obscure origin • cf. OF. frousle ruinous, decayed ; also Fkoughy, F'kowish, Frowzy.] P'usty; having an unpleasant smell. (In Berks., Oxf., Leic., and Glouc. glos¬ saries.) 1865 Athenaeum No. i960. 678/1 Use it on his frowsty head. 1881 E. J. Worboise Sissie xvii, When it is not only humble, but frowsty .. you are apt to wish you were any¬ where else than at home ! Frowy : see Froughy a. + Frowze, sb. Obs. Also (? 6 frowes), 6-7 frowse, 7-8 fruz, 8 frouze. [Of uncertain origin ; possibly an alteration of Frounce, with assimi¬ lation to Friz, P'uzz.] ? A wig of frizzed hair worn by women. Also frowze-, fruz-tower. 1563 Foxe A. M. 919/2 Her two gentlewomen .. helped her of therwith [her gowne] and also with her frowes paste and neckerchefe. X670 Lady M. Bertie in 12 th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 21 Some ware all small ribban, others brode ribbans .. and all frowzes of their owen haire. 1676 Etherege Man of Mode 1. i. Wks. (1888) 245 This fine woman, I'll lay my life .. has adorned her baldness with a large white fruz. 1687 Congreve Old Bach. iv. viii, The FROWZE. 573 FRUCTIFY. mother [bought] a great fruz-tower and a fat amber-neck¬ lace. 1710 Brit. Apollo II. No. 101. 3/2 This filthy Fruz I ne'er shall brook. 1724 [see Bull-tour]. Frowze, v. Obs. exc. dial. In 7 frouze. Also Fruz v. [related to prec. sb.] tram. To curl, frizz, ruffle, rumple. i6ix Florio, Ittcresparc , to crispe, to curie, to frouze. Also to wrimple. 1881 Isle of Wight Gloss., Froiuze , to rumple. Frowzy (frau*zi), a. Also 7-9 frouzy, 8-9 frowsy,(9 frousy). [Perh. cognate withFROWSTY, or with some of the other words there referred to. Cf. also Frowze sb.] 1 . Ill-smelling, fusty, musty; having a 'close 9 unpleasant smell from being dirty, unwashed, ill- ventilated, or the like. 1681 Otway Soldier's Fort. iv. i, An overgrown Deputy of the Ward, tho a frouzy Fellmonger. a 1700 Dryden quoted in Faction Displ. (1704) 15 With Frowzy Pores, that taint the ambient Air. 1773 Franklin Lett. Wks. 1840 VI. 400 It is the frouzy corrupt air from animal substances, a 1802 Strutt Bumpkin''s Disaster{ 1808) 19 Is pinching frowzy wenches in their bed Fit sport for spirits? 1838 Dickens Nick, Nick, xvi, By the steams of moist acts of Parliament and frowsy petitions. 1857 Hughes Tom Brown 1. ix 2 In his weeks my study was so frowsy I couldn’t sit in it. 1871 L. Stephen Playgr. Eur. iv. m. 252 Another Greek convent, said to be frowzier, if possible, than that of Csalho. 2 . Having a dirty, untidy, soiled, neglected ap¬ pearance (like e.g. unkempt hair); dingy, rusty, slatternly, unkempt. Of the complexion: Red and coarse, blowzy. 1710 Apparition 7 A frowzy high-crown’d Hat his face did hide. 1716 Swift Progr. Beauty Wks. 1755 III. 11.163 A frowzy dirty-colour’d red Sits on her cloudy wrinkled face. 1752 J. Spence [Sir H. Beaumont] Crito 53 His Woman of a. .sun-burnt frowsy Complexion. 1807 Crabbe Par. Reg. 1. 214 See ! on the floor, what frowzy patches rest ! 1823 Blackiv. Mag. XIV. 530 The frowzy hostess would complain. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop iii, Hair .. hanging in a frowzy fringe about his forehead. 1848 — Dombey vi, There were frowzy fields, and cowhouses .. at the very door of the Railway. 1857 W. Collins Dead Secret 11. ii, [He] produced from the pocket, .three frowsy acidulated drops. 1882 Chamb. Jmil. 90 A pony would be shoving its frowzy brow against its master’s shoulder. 1895 Gloss. E. Anglia, Frouzy, blouzy, with disordered and un¬ combed hair. fig. 1821 Byron Juan ni.xciv, A drowzy frowzy poem, call'd the ‘ Excursion \ Writ in a manner which is my aversion. 1859 Lang Wand. India 245 Even the frowsy military board—composed of several very old and feeble Company’s officers of the last century—was frightened into something like activity. 3 . Comb., as frowzy-headed adj. i860 Holland Miss Gilbert iv. 53 Frowzy-headed men passed him in the yard. 1875 Howells Foregone Concl. 60 A frowsy-headed woman. Hence Frcrwziness. 1714 Mandeville Fab. Bees 11. (1733) 41 The Frowsiness of the Place, and the ill Scents of different kinds, are a per¬ petual Nuisance. 1835 Beckford Recoil. 106 That species of high conventual frowziness which monastic habits and garments are not a little apt to engender. 1881 Daily News 7 Dec. 5/3 They regard .. the frowziness of our [rail¬ way-carriage] accommodation with contempt. 1893 Temple Bar Mag. XCIX. 197 He loves to have his room reeking with heat and frowsiness. Froynt, obs. Sc. form of Front. Froyter, var. of Frater, Obs. Frozen (fico^zB), ppl.a. Forms: see the verb, [pa. pple. of Freeze z/.] 1 . Congealed by extreme cold; subjected or ex¬ posed to extreme cold. a 1340 Hampole Psalter cxxv. 5 pe south blawand frosyn strandis lesis.& rennys. a 1400-50 Alexander 3063 Sir Dary. .fande it [the burne] frosyn hym byfore. 1555 Eden Decades Contents, The nauigation by the frosen sea. 1667 Milton P. L. ii. 587 Beyond this flood a frozen Continent Lies dark and wilde. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India <5* P. 3 Warmth adds Spirits to our frozen Limbs. 1833 N. Arnott Physics (ed. 5) II. 1. 90 A piece of frozen mercury .. thrown into a little water at 32 0 . 1872 Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm. 224 In Canada .. frozen meat is a common article of com¬ merce. 1893 Times (weekly ed.) 2 Feb. 89/3 Allowance must be made in the North-West [of Canada] for a propor¬ tion of frozen wheat. b. fig. and of immaterial things. Of facts, truth ( U.S.) = Hard, Solid. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 367 Is that olde acquaint¬ ance. .frozen..in you? 1641 Milton Ch. Govt. vi. (1851)125 But farre worse then any frozen captivity is the bondage of Prelates. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. vm. 99 Verse fires the frozen Veins. 1760 T. Hutchinson Hist. Mass. 146 They hoped to see.. Christian charity, then frozen, wax warm. 1814 Byron Corsair 1. xv, The tender blue of that large loving eye Grew frozen with its gaze on vacancy. 1858 Hawthorne E'r. fy It. frnls. II. 62 This frozen sisterhood of the allegoric family. 1867 M. Arnold Sonn., West London , The rich she had let pass with frozen stare. 1884 Boston (Mass.) Herald 25 Sept., * Frozen Facts’ is a purely American expression. Ibid. 22 Oct. 2/2 We were simply stating the frozen truth. 2 . Frozen-out : cut off or excluded by frost. Frozen-up : closed or stopped by frost. 1885 G. Allen Babylon iii, On the stray chance of catch¬ ing a frozen-out racoon. 1890 Daily News 31 Dec. 3/2 ‘ All-froze-out poor working men who’ve got no work to do-o-o’..The carrying of water to frozen-up householders has become almost a .. recognised industry. In many of the suburbs there has been, .a mellifluous sing-song telling of frozen-up pipes. 1893 Ibid. 23 Feb. 7/4 The frozen-up German seed is still delayed. 3 . Comb., as frozen-hearted adj. 1654 tr. Scudery's Curia Pol. 26 They are not men, but cold statues, and such as the frozen hearted Venetians. Hence Frozenly adv., in a frozen manner; with a cold look or action; ( U. S.) stubbornly; Frozen¬ ness, frozen condition. 1653 Gauden Hieraspistes 486 For however people have nowand then a warm fit of giving..they soon returne to that frozenness, which is hardly dissolved by any mans warmest breathings. 1725 Bradley Fam. Diet. s.v. Tower¬ ing , The Signs of which are, they look frozenly on their Sides. 1851 D. Jerrold St. Giles xv. 151 He .. looked frozenly at the prisoner, rebuking him [etc.]. 1864 Lowell E'ireside Trav. 150, I. .began to hack frozenly at a log. + Frub, v. Obs. rare. [Short f. Frubbish, perh. influenced by Rub.] trans. To furbish or polish. 1611 Florio, Amolare , to frub or furbish. 1656 W. D. tr. Comenius Gate Lat. Uni. § 415. 119 The Frubber or Furbisher frubbeth or furbisheth. t Frubber. Obs. [f.prec. + -erC Cf. Furber.] A furbisher, burnisher, or polisher. 1612 Chapman Widowes T. Plays 1873 III. 73 [To a maid¬ servant] Well said frubber, was there noSouldier here lately? 1659T0RRIAN0, Frugatoio, also a burnisher or a frubber. + FrU'bbish, v. Obs. Also frobish. [var. of Furbish.] trans. To furbish or polish by rubbing. 1570 Levins Mauip. 144/20 To Frubbish, fricandopolire. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 466 When it is well scoured and clensed with sand, and knowne by the brightnesse and lustre thereof that it hath bin sufficiently frobished and purified. #1625 Fletcher Cast, Country in. iii, I’ll make you young again, beleeve that Lady, I will so frubbish you. Hence + Fnrbbisher, a furbisher. X526 Skelton Magnyf. 1074 The frubyssher hath my sword. Fruct(e, obs. var. of Fruit sb. and v. Fructed (fnrkted), a. Her. [f. L. fruct-us fruit -f -ed 2 .] Of a tree or plant: Having fruit (of a specified tincture). 1610 Guii.lim Heraldry in. vii. (1611) 105 He beareth argent a pine apple tree Fructed proper. 1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. 5/1 A Garland of Vine leaves fructed (that is with Bunches of Grapes) about his Temples. 1708 [see Eradicated b.] X828-40 Berry Encycl. Her., A pear tree erased, fructed ppr. that is, with its fruit in the natural colour. 1868 Cussans Her. (1893) 103 An Oak-tree is fructed of its Acorns; and a Pine, of its Cones. t Frircterist. Obs. rare. (See Fructster.) Fructescence (frz?kte*sens). [ad. mod.L. fructescentia, f. fructescent-em : see Fructescent and -ence.] (See quot.) 1793 Martyn Lang. Bot ., Fructescentia.. Fructescence, or the fruiting season, is the time when vegetables scatter their ripe seeds. 1848 in Craig. Fructescent (fr»kte*sent), a. [ad. mod.L. fructescent-em, pr. pple. of frudescere to produce fruit, f. L .fructus fruit.] Beginning to bear fruit. 1862 F. Hall Hindu Philos. Syst. 30 Works are of three descriptions, technically designated as accumulated, current, and fructescent. Fructicist (fnrktisist). Also Fructist. [f. L. fruct-us Fruit + -ic + -ist.] One who classifies plants by their fruit. 1837 Whewell Hist. Induct. Sc. (1857) III.253 Linnaeus ..began by being a fructicist. 1886 Thompson in Encycl. Brit. XX. 301/1 He [Ray] was no longer a fructicist but a corollist. [Fructieulose, spurious word in mod. Dic¬ tionaries: see Fruticulose.] II Fructidor (fnikUclor). [Fr.; f. L. fruct-us fruit + Gr. Suipov gift.] The twelfth month of the French revolutionary calendar (from Aug. 18 to Sept. 16) ; the revolution which took place in that month in 1797. Hence rructidorian, a., belong¬ ing to the party that came into power in Fructidor. 1793-97 Spirit Publ. Jrnls. (1799) 35 note , The explosion of the 18th Fructidor. 1884 J. R. Seeley in Ejicycl. Brit. XVII. 199 The catastrophe came on 18th Fructidor (Septem¬ ber 4, 1797). .Such was Fructidor, which may be considered as the third of the revolutions which compose the .. French Revolution. .The circle of Madame de Stael was strongly Fructidorian. Fructiferous (fniktrferss), a. [f. ~L. friictifer (f. fructus fruit + -per bearing) + -OUS.] Bearing or producing fruit; fertilizing. 1632 Lithgow Trav. iii. 85 All other fructiferous trees. 1660 F. Brooke tr. LeBlanc's Trav. 217 Inundations which fertilize all Egypt, and serve instead of fructiferous rains. 1823 j. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 61 The finely divided, loamy or fructiferous part of the soil. 1857 H. Miller Test. Rocks xi. 433 None of its branches yet found bear the fructiferous stalk or spike. Hence Fructrferously adv. 1626 A. Speed Adam out of E. xvi. (1659) *34 You may sometimes cast the water that drayneth from the Muck, upon the muck heaps again, which will.. desend to the former receptacle more fructiferously. 1635 Heywood Hierarch. 11. Comm. 98 Neither more fructiferously can any thing be found than the holy Trinitie. + Fructifiable, a. Obs. rare —[f. Fructify + -able.] Capable of bearing fruit. 1623 T. Adams Barren Tree 37 The Fig-tree does not beare so soone as it is planted, .but now it is growne fructifiable. Fructification (fr»:ktifik^>-j an ). [ a d. L .fruc- tifiedtidn-em, f. fructificdre to Fructify.] 1 . The action or process of fructifying or pro¬ ducing fruit (now rare exc. Bot.). Also fecunda¬ tion, fertilization (? obs.). 1615 Jackson Creed iv. n. vi. § 3 When the first seeds of that faith, which .. by fructification, .becomes salvifical, are first sown in our hearts. 1632 Marmion Hollaiui's Leaguer iv. i, Wholly given To the deeds of fructification. 1635 Swan Spec. M. vi. § 4 (1643)236 The sprouting, springing,and fructification of the earth. 1650 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iii. xxi. (1658) 198 As may be discovered from several Insects generated in rain water, from the prevalent fructification of plants thereby, a 1665 J. Goodwin Filled w. the Spirit (1867) 483 They may indeed be sowed too thick with seed of another nature, which may hinder the fructification thereof. 1759 tr. Duhamel's Husb. 1. xv. 91 The organs of fructifica¬ tion. 1822-34 Good’s Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 10 The plants of the feeblest structure die, as soon as fructification has taken place. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 73 At the time of fructification, watch the plants daily. fig. 1604 T. Wright Passions v. § 4. 253 Giving is a free translation of the right or title, of dominion.. or fructification of anything to any man. 172X R. Keith tr. T. a Kempis Solil. Soul xvi. 229 Temptation is wont to be very helpful .. to the Fructification of Virtues. 1892 Pall MallG. 13 Sept. 3/3 As regards the fructification of their estate, there is all the difference in the world between the value of arable as distinguished from mere grazing land. 2. concr. in Bot. a. The fruit of a plant; b. collect. the organs of fruiting or reproduction, esp. the reproductive parts of ferns and mosses. 1764 Grainger Sugar Cane 1. note 6 That part of the Cane which shoots up into the fructification, is called by planters its Arrow. 1767 P. Collinso.n in Darlington s Mem. (1849) 2 9 2 The Wild Lime is a singular plant. Dr. Solander wishes for its fructifications. 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Gard. 11. Pref., The families or Genera are charac¬ terized by the analogy of all the parts of the flower or fructification. 1864 T. Moore Brit. Ferns 11 Collectively, these cases and their contents are called the fructification. 1877 F. Heath Fern W. 294 Nearly the whole under side of the frond is covered with the fructification. 1882 Vines Sachs' Bot. 95 This is usually the case, .with many Lichens and the fructifications of Fungi. Fructificative (fnrktifik^tiv), «• [f. L. fructificdre : see Fructify and -ative.] Capable of fructifying ; produced by fructification. 1887 tr. De Bary's Fungi iv. 125 Where fructificative and purely propagative generations of bions proceed alter¬ nately from one another. Fructiform (frtrktifpjm), a. [f. L. fruct-us fruit + -(i)form.] Having the form of a fruit. 1816 Sir J. Sinclair in Monthly Mag. XLII. 298 The fructiform productions which were found upon the same stalks often remained fixed together. Fructify (fe’ktifoi), v. Also 6 frutyfye. [a. F. fructifier, ad. L. fructificdre, f. fructus fruit: see -fy.] 1. intr. To bear fruit, become fruitful. a 1325 Prose Psalter li[i]. 8 Icham in Godes hous as oliue fructifiand. 1340 Ayenb. 234 pet zed. .fructefide of one half to )?e britta^te, of oj?er half to zixtia^te. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) v. 50 Elies it [the Bawm] would not fructify, c 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 1065 Aarons ^erde fructified without plantacionne. 1538 Bale Thre Lawes 141 Hys wyfe shall encreace, hys land shall frutyfye. 1561 Daus tr. Bullingcr on Apoc. (1573) 304 The tree of lyfe. .doeth fructifie, or bring forth fruite twelue tymes in the yeare. 1665 Boyle Occas. Refi. iv. xv. (1845) 260 Those Soils wherein they will after¬ wards Flourish and Fructifie. 1709 Brit . Apollo II. No. 7. 2/2 Saffron. .needs no adventitious moisture to make it Fructify. 1794 G. Adams Nat. fy Exp. Philos. III. xxvi. 84 Causing it [the perfect animal] to fructify and renew the species. 1874 Cooke Fungi 13 Species of lichens which in many countries do not fructify. fig. c 1393 Chaucer Scogan 48 Thenke on Tullius kinde- nesse, Minne thy frend, ther it may fructifye ! C1422 Hoccleve Learn to Die 17 Y shal teche thee Thyng b at shal to thy soule fructifie. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 422 b/i So moche grewe and fructefyed the chylde in resplendour or lyghte of alle good vertues. 1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. iii. 24 And desyreth not to fructefye neyther to encrease with the goodes of the erthe. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 1. 96 It seems very improbable that Chris¬ tianity should fructify there. 1847 C. G. Addison Contracts 11. iii. § 1 (1883) 591 This description of pledge .. was con¬ stantly fructifying and paying off the debt. 1875 Hamerton Intell. Life xi. iv. 420 Each has caused to fructify the talent which the Master gave. 2. trans. To make fruitful, cause to bear fruit; to fecundate, impregnate. . 1583 Stubbes Anat. Abus. 11. (1882) 66 To fructifie and increase the earth. 1611 Beaum. & Fl. King fy No K. 11. i, Let a man .. fructify foreign countries with his blood. c 1630 Risdon Surv. Devon (1810) 4 The red marie hath this property to fructify the barrenest ground, a 1711 Ken Christophil Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 441 To fructify the Seed he sow’d. 1822-34 Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 654 On the mucous surface of which .. it [exhalation of yellow fever] .. fructifies a like harvest of contagious matter. 1865 W. Kay Crisis Hupfeldiana 6 Many a plant has been fructified by means of pollen, .brought to it unwittingly by an insect. fig. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 204 It fructifies our knowledge by making it practical. 1769 Burke Late St. Nat. Wks. 1842 I. 85 Floods of treasure would .. have, fructified an exhausted exchequer, i860 Smiles Self-Help xi. 282 The facility with which young people are made to acquire knowledge, .fills, but does not fructify the mind. Hence Fru’ctified ppl. a ., in senses of the vb.; also f Her. = Fructed ; Fructifying vbl. sb., the action of the vb.; Fructifying ppl. a. Also Fructifier, one who or that which fructifies. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. 1. pr. i. 3 (Camb. MS.) Affeccyons whiche b at ne ben nothing fructefiynge nor profytable. 1532 Fructyfyed [see Fructive]. 1594 Plat Jewcll-ho. 1. 3 The vegetatiue & fructifying Salt of Nature. 1638 Wilkins New World 1. (1684) 128 It is not necessary, there should be the same means of Growth and Fructifying in both these Worlds. 1649 Hammond Serin . Chr. Oblig. FRUCTIPAROUS. 574 FRUIT. Peace io The growths and fructifyings of his Graces. 1681 T. Jordan Londons Joy 5 An Almpnd-tree Leav’d, Blos¬ som’d, and Fructified. 1708 Motteux Rabelais v. Prol. (1737) P* These merry and fructifying .. Books. 1816 Scott Old Mori, viii, An able and fructifying preacher. 1825 Coleridge A ids Rejl. (1848) I. 261 A fructifying of the corrupt seed, of which death is the germination. 1835 Fraser's Mag. XII. 39 Think you .. that one of our great financiers I mean the Thomsonian fructifier .. would be scared from his presidency by apprehension of a general bankruptcy ? 187^ B. Taylor Stud. Germ. Lit . 263 His ideas still retain their fructifying character. Fructiparous (frrfcti -paras), a. [f. L.friict-us fruit + par-ere to produce + -ous.] (See quot.) 1866 in Treas. Bot. 1885 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fructiparous, producing fruit in excess of the normal quantity. Fructist (frzrktist). [ad. mod.L. fruetist-a, f. la. fr net us fruit: see -1ST.] (See quot.) 1775 Ash, Fructist , a botanist who endeavours to distin¬ guish the several kinds of plants by the fruit or seeds which they produce. t Fru'Ctive, a. Obs. rare~ x . [irreg. f. L. friict-us fruit+ -XVE.] Fruitful. 14.. Lyd. Commend. Our Lady 38 Fructif [1532 Thynne's Chaucer , Fructyfyed] olyue, of foyles faire and thikke, And redolent cedre. Fructivorous (fr»kti voros), a. [as if f. L. *friictivor-us ((.fructus fruit + -vorus devouring) + -ous.] Eating or feeding on fruit. 1688 R. Holmf. Armoury 11. 310/1 Fructivorous Birds such as feed upon Fruit. 1845 Zoologist III. 912 Fruc¬ tivorous animals will sometimes feed on flesh. Fructose (fr»'kt< 7 us). Chem. [f. L .fruct-us fruit + -OSE.] ‘ Fruit sugar or Ids vulose. Also applied to the sugar found in fruit, which consists of vari¬ able proportions of lrevulose and dextrose ’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1885). 1864111 Webster. 1893 P. F. Frankland Seer. Friends $ Foes 104 One of the principal artificial sugars prepared by Fischer is called fructose. 1894 Gould Illustr. Diet. Med., Fructose, Cr, H12 Os Fruit-sugar, formerly called levulose. fFru'ctster. Obs. rare—' 1 . [Cf. Fruitester.] 1688 R. Holme Armoury 11.86/1 Fructster a Fruit-seller; of some Fructerist or Fruterer. t Fru ctuage. Sc. Obs. [f. 'L.fructu-s Fruit + -age. Cf. Fruitage.] Fruits collectively, fruit. 1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 141 Their Moondayes mercatt, occasioning necessarlie the carieing of loads on the Lord's day; Item, Selling of flours and fructuages that day. f Fru'ctual, a. Obs. rare. [f. as prec. + -al.] Fruitful. 1528 Lyndesay Dream 818 The haboundance offyschisin our seis, And fructuall montanis for our bestiall. 1629 T. Adams Serm. Wks. I. 274 It is fructuall: let it be so to vs in operation. It giues vs the fruite of life, let vs returne it the fruits of obedience. Fructuary (frwktiwari), a. and sb. [ad. L. frucluari-us, f. fructus Fruit: see -ary.] A. adj. in Roman Law. Of or belonging to usu¬ fruct; usufructuary. Only in fructuary stipulation. *875 Poste Gains iv. § 166 Provided that he gives his opponent security by the fructuary stipulation. f B. sb. Obs. 1 . One who enjoys the ‘fruits * or profits (of some¬ thing) ; a usufructuary. 1643 Prynne Sov. Power Pari. App. 168 A fructuary can dispose or give the profits at his pleasure. 1687 Dr. Smith in Magd. Coll. <$• fas. //(O. H. S.) 162 Of which we are but the fructuaries. 2 . Something enjoyed by usufruct, rare* 1 . 1651 W. G. tr. CoweVs Inst. 63 In fructuaries and in those things whereof we have the use but not the property. t Fru ctuate, v. Obs. 1 [f. L. fructu-s Fruit + -ate 3 .] intr. To bear fruit; to fructify. 1663 Flagellum, or O. Cromwell (ed. 2) 5 Those ill quali¬ ties which fluctuated in him [Cromwell] at this age. Hence Frirctuated ppl.a. Her. = Fructed. Also Fnictxiation, the action of bearing fruit; t concr. a crop of fruit (in quot.yf^.). 1782 T. Pownall Antiquity 60 Knowing .. with what superabundant population the first fl uctuation of an advanc¬ ing society is loaded. 1809 J. Home in Naval Citron. XXIV. 193 An oak tree vert, .fluctuated or. 1885 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fructuation, the development or production of fruit. Fructule (frzuktiwl). [a. F. fructule, f. L. fructus + -uli:.] (See quot.) 1885 Syd, Soc. Lex., Fructule , one of the parts or simple fruits of which a compound fruit is made up. + Fructuose,«. Obs. Alsogfrut-. \yA.~L.fruc- tuds-us : see Fructuous and- ose.] = Fructuous. e 1440 Promp. Parv. 181/2 Frutuose or full of frute .. fructuosus. c 1450 tr. De Imitations 1. xv. (1893) 17 What euer be doon of charite .. is fructuose. 1524 St. Papers Hen. VIIl,\\. 317 He may perceve the Kinges recommen¬ dations., to be unto him fructuose and to good purpose. *727-36 in Bailey. t Fructuo sity. Obs.~ ° [ad. Y.fructuositd, f. L . fructuos-us: see next and- ity.] The condition or quality of being fructuous. 1727-36 in Bailey. Fructuous (frtrktitt3s),<7. Also 5 fructuowse, 6 fructuus, -eous. [a. OF. fructuous (mod.F. fructueux ), ad. L. fructuos-us, f. fructus Fruit: see -ous.] 1 . Full of, abounding with, or producing fruit. 1382 Wyclif Jer. xi. 16 An olyue plenteous, fair, fructuous. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) v * 4 2 That Lond .. is drye and nothing fructuous. 1413 Pilgr. Soivlc (Caxton 1483) iv. ii. 58 r Xhatgraf was taken fro a freeappel tree and a fructuous. 1513 Douglas ZEneis 1. viii. 68 Ane .. fructuus grund, plenteous of victall. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 106 Thair follouit 3eiris thre So fructuous with sic fertilitie. 1614 T. Adams Devils Banquet 310 It was as populous as fructuous ; and at once blessed with pregnancie both of fruits for the people, and of people for the fruits. 1627-77 Feltham Resolves 1. xix. 33 As fruits, .trans-earth’d. .haue vigour enough in themselves to be fructuous according to their nature. 1853 G. Johnston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. I. 106 It leads us .. to woods and fructuous plains. 1855 Browning Old Piet. Florence xxxiv, Contrast the fructuous and sterile eras. 1886 B. Roosevelt Copper Queen I. ii. 23 Did not fruit come from St. Joseph, and every other fruc¬ tuous town from east, west, north, or south? t b. Promoting fertility, rare. 1603 Holland Plutarch's Mor. 991 If water were of the oune nature fructuous, it must needs follow, that it selfe alone, and at all times, should be able to produce fruit. 1708 J. Philips Cyder 1. 35 So rich the soil, So much does fructuous moisture o’erabound. 2 .fig. Productive of ‘fruits* or results; advan¬ tageous, beneficial, profitable. c 1386 Chaucer Pars. Prol. 73 Telleth quod he youre meditacioun.. Beth fructuous and that in litel space, c 1410 Love Bonavent. Mirr. xl. 88 (Gibbs MS.) After j?at worthy sopere was done : and bat noble and fructuouse sermon endet. 1528 Roy Rede Me{ Arb.) 115 Goddis worde. .The fructeous fode of oure faythfull trust, Thou hast condempned. 1879 A. W. Ward Chaucer ii. 123 The even more improbable, but .. infinitely more fructuous tale of patient Griseldis. 1884 Law Times 14 June 119/1 The execution must be fructuous if poundage is to be payable. Hence Fructuously adv., Fructuousness. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus. viii. 10 Of hem [wise prestis] forsothe thou shalt lerne wisdam .. and fructuousli vse grete men withoute pleynt. c 1450 Gesta Rom. Hi. 233 (Harl. MS.) Who so euer prechithe fructuovslye the worde of god. 1530 Proper Dyaloge (Arb.) 150 Old writinges .. do include The pithe of a matter most fructuously. 1855 Ogilvie Suppl., Fructuously , fruitfully, fertilely. Fructuousticss, fruitful¬ ness, fertility. + Fru'cture. Obs. rare—°. [a. OF. fruclure, ad. med.L. fructura, f. frul (ppl. stem fruct-') to enjoy.] The use or enjoyment of the fruits (of something). 1611 Cotgr., Fracture, the fi ucture, vse, fruition, posses¬ sion, or enjoyment of. Prude, var. ofFROUD, Obs., frog, toad. Frugal (fru gal), a. [ad. L. frugdlis, f. frugi used as indecl. adj. = ‘ frugal, economical, useful ’, originally the dat. of frux profit, utility, fruit (chiefly in pi. fruges fruits) : see -at. Cf. F. frugal.'] 1 . Careful or sparing in the use of food, goods, etc.; economical. Const, of (7 obs.). 1598 Shaks. Merry PV. ii. i. 28, I was then Frugall of my mirth. 1656 Cowley Pindar. Odes, 2nd Olymp. Ode xi, ’Tis now the cheap and frugal fashion, Rather to Hide than Pay the Obligation. 1758 J. S. Le Drans Observ. Surg. (1771) 51 Observation had taught me to be frugal of the Teguments. 1761 Hume Hist. Eng. II. xxvii. 120 Few had borne a greater part in the frugal politics of the late king. 1782 Cowper Gilpin viii, Though on pleasure she was bent She had a frugal mind. 1841 Elphinstonf. Hist. Ind. II. 457 The mere husbandmen are sober, frugal, and industrious. 1875 Jowett Plato {y d. 2) III, 685 The frugal life of the true Hellenic citizen. b. Of things, esp. food : Sparingly supplied or used; of small cost; opposed to luxurious. 1603 Holland Plutarch's Mor. 616 Captaine Timotheus having upon a time beene at a sober and frugall scholars supper. 1697 Drvden Virg. Georg, iv. 194 Pot-herbs.. bruis’d with Vervain, were his frugal Fare. 1762 Goldsm. Cit. IV. xlvi. (1837) 267 A frugal meal, which consisted of roots and tea. 1783 Crabbe Village 1. 324 The glad parish pays the frugal fee. 1868 Browning Ring <$* Bk. 11. Half-Rome 460 A frugal board, bare sustenance, no more. 1894 Mrs. H. Ward Ma? m cella I. 9 The uncovered boards with their frugal strips of carpet. 2 . Comb., as frugal feeding adj. 1814 Edin. Rev. XXIII. 51 The frugal-feeding goat sup¬ plied a competency of milk. Hence Fru gaily adv., in a frugal manner; Fru'galness. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. Ixxix. § 1 For worldly goods it sufficeth frugally and honestly to vse them to our owne benefit. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriot . iii. 37 Plato seemed too frugally politick, who allowed no larger Monu¬ ment then would contain four Heroick Verses. 1721 Berkeley Prcv. R uiti Gt. Brit . Wks. III. 198 That sum..frugally and prudently laid out in workhouses. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Frugalness. 1779-81 Johnson L. P. Wks. 1816 IX. 338 He seldom lives frugally who lives by chance. 1871 Carlyle in Mrs. Carlyle's Lett. I. 373 His frugally elegant small house and table. 1886 Ruskin Prxterita II. ix. 328 The bunch of grapes or stalk of garlic they frugally dined on. Frugalist (frw-galist). [if. Frugal a. + -ist.] One who lives frugally. 1864 Daily Tel. 12 Oct., Unless the colleges could be en¬ larged, residence within the walls for the 4 frugalists * would be impossible. Frugality (frwgae-liti). [a. F. frugality, ad. L. frugalit at- em , i. frugdlis: see Frugal and -ity.] The quality of being frugal ; moderate or sparing expenditure or use of provisions, goods, etc. 1531 Elyot Gov. iii. xxi, The auncient temperaunce, and moderation in diete, called sobrietie, or in a more general terme, frugalitie. a 1568 Ascham Scholem. (Arb.) 136 Fru- galitie in diet was priuately misliked : Towne going to good cheare openly vsed. 1651 Hobbes Govt. <5- Soc. xii. § 9. 183 Riches are gotten with industry, and kept by frugality. x 758 Johnson Idler No. 13 p 2 A family remarkable for domestic prudence and elegant frugality. 1807 Crabbe Par. Reg. 1. 445 The wise frugality that does not give A life to saving, but that saves to live. 1881 P. Brooks Candle of Lord 128 In this miracle .. there is a meeting of generosity and frugality which is striking. b. Const. ofQi obs.). 1700 Dryden Fables Ded. (1721) 8 In this frugality of your praises there are some things which I cannot omit. c. Occasional uses: The product of frugality, wealth gathered by economy; also in pi. frugal ways of living, frugal fare. 1725 Pope Odyss. 11. 62 Thro’ my court the noise of Revel rings, And wastes the wise frugality of Kings. 1842 Kings¬ ley Lett. (1878) I. 61 A temporary sharer in the frugalities of my farm house lodging. Frugardite (fn^gajdait). Min. Also -it. [f. Frugard in Finland, where found + -Ite. Cf. F. frugardite.] (See quots.) 1823 H. J. Brooke Introd. Crystallo^r. 467 Frugardit, reddish idocrase containing magnesia. 1884 Dana Min. 277 The mineral from Gokum. .and that from Frugard, Frugar¬ dite, have been denominated magnesian. Fruggail (fregan). dial. Also 7 fruggin. [var. of Furgon.] (See quots.) i6ix Cotgr., Fourgon, an Ouen-forke (tearmed in Lincoln¬ shire, a Fruggin) wherewith fuell is both put into an Ouen, and stirred when it is (on fire) in it. 1652 Inv. T. Teanby of Barton-on-Humber {N. IV. Line. Gloss.), In the kitchen . .on fruggin. 1788 W. Marshall Yorksh. Gloss. (E. D. S.), Fruggail, an oven-poker. 1868 Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., Fruggan, a curved iron scraper or rake to stir ashes in an oven with, or on the hearth. 1892 in Northumb. Gloss. t Frugiferent, a. Obs.~° [ad. L.fnlgiferent- 1tin f. as next: see -ent.] = next. 1656 Blount Glossogr., Frugiferent, bringing forth fruit, profitable. Frugiferous (frwdgi'feras), a. [f. 'L.fnigifer ( (.frugi -, frux fruit + -fer bearing) + -ous.] Fruit- bearing, fruitful. Hence Frugiferousness (Bailey 1 7 2 7 — 36 ). 11633 T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter iii. 18 All trees are not frugi¬ ferous, Christians are. 1653 H. More Conject. Cabbal.{iqi-g) 4 And God said, Behold, I give you every frugiferous Herb, which is upon the face of the Earth. fig. 1671 J. Webster Metallogr. xxvi. 318 We never ac¬ counted the Experiment either so luciferous or frugiferous, to make it our business to attend rivals. Frugivorous (fmdgi'voros), a. [f. L .frugi-, frux fruit + -vorus devouring + -ous.] Eating or feeding on fruit. Hence Frugi‘vorousness (Bailey 1727-36). 1713 Derham Phys.-TJieol. vii. ii. 384 Suited to various Foods, some Membranaceous, agreeable to the frugivorous or carnivorous kind. 1791 W. Bartram Carolina 302 This bird having a remarkable thick, strong bill, more like the frugivorous tribes. 1809 Syd. Smith in Edin. Rev . Apr. 147 Philippics against frugivorous children after dinner, are too common. 1873 E. Smith Foods 86 A small monkey and a frugivorous bat are eaten as delicacies in Zanzibar. t Fruibly, adv. Obs .- 1 [f. *fruible (ad. med.L. *fruibilis, f. frul: see next) + -ly 2 .] Enjoy ingly; in a state of enjoyment. £•1450 tr. De Imitatione 11. i. 41 A Iouer of ihesu..may frely..lifte himself aboue himself in spirit, and kere reste fruibly [L. fruitive]. t Fruish, v. Obs. In 5 fruisshe. [ad. OF. fruiss- lengthened stem of fruir to enjoy, ad. pop. L. *fruire (classical L .frul deponent vb.).] trans. To enjoy. Hence *Fruishing ppl. a ., Fruish- ingly adv • c 1450 tr. De Imitatione in. xxiii. 92, I may not fruisshe tho iocunde clippinges that are redy to holy spirites. Ibid. iii. xviii. 86, in. lvi. 133. Ibid. iii. lxiii. 147 Gone all & hool into ke loue of me, in whom bei reste fruisshingly. Fruit (fr/ 7 t), sb. Forms: a. 2-6 frut, 3-6 fruyt(e, 4-5 froyte, (4 frot(t, fryt(e), 4-6 frute, -tt(e, north . and Sc. froit(e, (4 freut, frou(i)t, fru}t, 5 fret, fruth), 4-7 fruite, (4 fruyjte, 6 frught, Sc. frw(i)t), 3- fruit. £. 4-6 fruct(e, 6 fruict. [a. OFr .fruit (later often spelt fruict) L .fructus (/j-stem), f. *frugv- root oifrui to enjoy.] The form fruct{e in i4~i5th c. English use, and still later in Sc. writers, appears to be merely a variety of spelling (of course after the L.); but it is possible that in the few Eng¬ lish 16th c. uses of this form, which seem to be confined to immaterial senses, the writers intended the word to be taken as a direct adaptation of the Latin, with the c pronounced. 1 . Vegetable products in general, that are fit to be used as food by men and animals. Now usually in pi. Also fruits of the earth or the ground. a. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 135 Me sawe 5 sed on ane time and gedered \>et frut on o 5 er time, c 1300 Cursor M. 28833 (Cott. Galba) J?e pouer man es like ke felde, J>at mekill fruit es wont to yelde. c 1375 Lay Folks Mass Bk. (MS. B.) 392 po froytes of ko erthe make plentuus. 1389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) iii We schal beseke for ye frutte y i is on y* 3 herthe. i486 Bk. St. Albans Ev, Booth in wodys and feldis come and oder frute. 1538 Starkey England 1. iii. 73 Yf hyt were dylygently laburyd hyt wold bryng forth frute for the nuryschyng of man. 1549 Bk. Com. Prayer, Litany, That it may please thee to give and preserve to our use the kindly fruits of the earth. 1648 Gage /Vest Ind. xii. 43 The answer of our Queene Elizabeth .. to some that presented unto her of the fruits of America. 1665 Ord. Mayor Lond. in De Foe/Yrt£7/tf(i84o)46 That no. .musty corn, or other corrupt fruits, .be suffered to be sold. 1725 Watts Logic 1. vi. § 3 If the husk or seeds are eaten, they are called the fruits of the ground. 1791 Newte Tour Eng. SfScot . 196 At Aberdeen, turnips, carrots, and potatoes, pass, among the common people, by the name of fruit. 1859 Jephsou Brittanyil. 20 The Breton peasant can turn all the fruits of the earth to account. FRUIT. 575 FRUIT 0 . c 1374 Chaucer Former Age 3 They helde hem paied of the fructes J>at |>ey ete. 1500 20 Dunbar Poems xiv. 63 Quhilk slayis the corne and fruct that growis grene. fig. C1374 Chaucer Booth. 1. pr. i. 3 (Camb. MS.) Thise ben tho that..destroyen the corn plentyuos of fruites of resone. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Hen. I 7 , xxxix, See here the pleasaunt fruytes that many princes reape. 1707 Watts Hymn , ‘ Come, ive that loz>e the Lord' viii, Celestial Fruits on earthly Ground From Faith and Hope may grow. 1783 Watson Philip ///(1793) I. 11. 233 The only fruit which he could reap from a victory. 2 . The edible product of a plant or tree, consist¬ ing of the seed and its envelope, esp. the latter when it is of a juicy pulpy nature, as in the apple, orange, plum, etc. + Tree of fruit = fruit-tree . As denoting an article of food, the word is popularly extended to include certain vegetable products that resemble 4 fruits ’ in their qualities, e. g. the stalks of rhubarb. a. collect . in sing. rti225 Ancr. R. 150 Figer is ones kunnes treou [>et here# swete frut, [>et me clepeo figes. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 1044 pe fayrest fryt hat may in folde growe, As orenge & oher fryt. c 1380 Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 69 A 1 oper trees of fruyte. . c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 75, I ne apreve nou}t almaundis ne noon oher vaperous fruyt: as notis eihir walnotis eiher avellanes. <1483 Caxton Vocab. 6 b, Of fruyt shall ye here named Peres, apples, plommes. 1577 B. . Googe Heresbach's Husb. 11. (1586) 62 The berries, which is the fruite, are redde. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 432 The lowness of the Bough, where the Fruit cometh, maketh the Fruit greater. 1677 Grew Aunt. Fruits v. § 1 (1682) 186 The Fruit, strictly so called, is, A Fleshy Uterus, which grows more moist and Pulpy, as the Seed ripens. 1706 Pope Let. to Wycherley 10 Apr. Lett. (1735) 26 We take Branches from a Tree, to add to the Fruit. 1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 27 [Bats] devouring indiscriminately every kind of fruit. fig. a 1225 Ancr. R. 276 Mon, hi flesch, hwat frut berecS hit? 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 111. 57 Heroes, whose Etherial Root Is Jove himself, and Caesar is the Fruit. 1771 Junius Lett. lix. 304 [He] sees the fruit of his honest industry ripen beyond his hopes. b. with a and pi. , as denoting a kind of fruit. a. ci 250 Gen. <$• Ex. 216 Dat he sulde him 5 er loken fro A fruit, Se kenned wel and wo. a 1300 Cursor M. 11667 (GottJ Scho. .sau a frout .. Men clepes palmes in hat land. *375 Barbour Bruce x. 191 The treis. .Chargit vith froytis on syndri viss. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 261 pou schalt purge colre wij> a decoccioun of fretis. c 1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 667 Speke. .For frutes a-fore mete to ete pern fastyngely. 1527 R. Thorne in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 252 Our fruites and graines be Apples, Nuts, and Corne. 1650 Fuller Pisgah 1. iv. n Dates, Almonds .. Nuts .. Pome¬ granates and other severall fruits. 1795 Gentl. Mag. 540/1 The glow of ripe fruits and declining leaves mark the autumn. 1842 Tennyson Gard. Dan. 190 Fruits and cream served in the weeping elm. 1858 Homans Cycl. Commerce 886 This fruit [currants] is of a violet colour, and hangs in long loose bunches. 0 . 1475 Bk. Noblesse 70 Planted withe treis of verdure of divers fructis. 1585 Jas. I Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 14 To taste, and smell. .Delicious fruictis, whilks in that tyme abound. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 6 Excepte spice and Vine, and sum fructes. c. An individual product of a tree. rare. 1873 C. Robinson N. S. Wales 26 The Mandarin has borne 4,200 fruits in the year. d. Proverbs . a. a 1300 Cursor M. 38 (Gott.) Wers tre werfrouit it beris. CX530 R. Hilles Common-pi'. Bk. (1858) 140 Often tymys provyth the frught adore The stole that hyt cometh off. 1596 Shaks. Merck. V. iv. i. 115 The weakest kinde of fruite Drops earliest to the ground. 1640 J. Dyke Worthy Commun. 176 No roote no fruite. 0 . 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) 1 .165 Sindrie tymes we se That rycht gude fruct cumis of ane gude tre. + 3 . A fruit-tree ; also a food-plant. Obs. rare . a 1300 Cursor M. 8239 All frutes he plantede in pat place. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. n. (1586) 84 b, About the tenth of June, both the Vine, and Wheate, the two noble fruites, do flowre. 1767 A. Young Partner s Lett. People 313 Many of our fruits and most useful plants are the natural inhabitants of much warmer countries. + 4 . A course of fruit; the dessert. To be in ones fruits: to be at dessert. Obs. 1577-87 Holinshed Chiron. III. 915/2 The officers being at dinner, and the cardinall not fullie dined, being then in his fruits. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 11. ii. 52 My Newes shall be the fruit to that great Feast. 5 . The seed of a plant or tree, regarded as the means of reproduction, together with its envelope; spec, in Bot. 1 the ripe pistil containing the ovules, arrived at the state of seeds’ (Lindley); also, the spores of cryptogams. 1794 Martyn Rousseau’s Bot. i. 21 In Botany, by fruit, in herbs as well as in trees, we understand the whole fabric of the seed. 1796 Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 194 Its flower is that of Plantago, but., its fruit distinguishes] it from that genus. 1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. (1814) 140 Fruits .. contain a certain quantity of nourishment laid up in their cells for the use of the Embryon plant. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 210 Hypochaeris .. Fruits striate, scabrous. 1886 A. Winchell Walks <$■ Talks Geol. Field 174 The low rank of these plants [in the coal-formation] is evinced also by the absence of flowers and fruit. 0 . Offspring, progeny. Also, an embryo, foetus. Orig. a Hebraism. Now rare, exc. in Biblical phraseology. More fully fruit of the body, loins, womb. a 1300 Cursor M. 5445 fi frut i se bi-for mi nei. a 1340 Hampole Psalter cxxxx. ii Of be froite of J>i wambe i sail sett on J>< seat. 1382 Wyclif Acts ii. 30 God hadde sworn to him, of the fruyt of his leende for to sitte on his seete. 1398 Trkvisa Barth. De P. R. xvn. lxxiv. (1495) 647 We speke vnproperly somtyme and call the brode of the beestys frute. c 1425 Found. St. Bartholomew's (E. E. T. S.) 42 Stondyng n#yr the tyme that the fruyt shulde be proferid forth, c 1500 Melusine xxx. 218 Duchesse, take good heede of your fruyte that groweth in your blood. 1533 Gau Richt Fay (1888) 12. Thay quhiik takis avay the frwtis of thair nichtburs beistis. 1535 Coverdale Deut. xxviii. 4 Blessed shalbe the frute of thy body. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 11. Ixxvii. 252 It closeth the Matrice, causeth the fruite to live. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, iv. iv. 24 Least with my sighes or teares I blast or drowne King Edwards Fruite. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 463 There is.. another excellent medicine, .whereby the fruit in a womans womb may be brought forth either dead or putrified. 1611 Bible Exod. xxi. 22 If men striue, and hurt a woman with child, so that her fruit depart from her. 1641 Hinde J. Bruen i. 2 The Lord with-held the fruit of the womb, .so that by her he had no issue. 1822-34 Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 128 Risking the loss of the uterine fruit. 7 . Anything accruing, produced, or resulting from an action or effort, the operation of a cause, etc. a. Material produce, outgrowth, increase; pi. products, revenues. a. c 144° Jacob's Well (E. E. T. S.) 202 ]>e fruyte & profy3te of kat lande & of beeste in pi tyme. 1523 Fitz- hkrb. Sunt. 36 S. B. occupyeth the sayd personage him selfe, withall the glebe landes, medowes, tythes, and all other frutes. 1611 Bible 2 Esdras viii. 10 Milke..which is the fruit of the breasts. 1715-20 Pope Iliad xvii. 6 Round her new-fallen young the heifer moves, Fruit of her throes. 1726 Shelvocke Voy. round World 86 A dozen of hams.. the fruit of this country. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 311 The produce of the soil far exceeded the value of all the other fruits of human industry. / 3 . a 1500 Colkelbie Sow iii. 763 Quhilk for \>e tyme no fruct nor proffeit did. 1563 Abp. Parker A rticles, Ani patron that, .taketh the tythes and other fructes to him selfe. b. An immaterial product, a result, issue, con¬ sequence. sing, and pi. a. a 1300 Cursor M. 19230 Was neuer J>e fruit o suilk bot ill. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Baptista 268 Dois worthy froite of pennance ay. c 1386 Chaucer Knt.'s T. 424 Of al oure strif, God woot, the fruyt is thin. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) v. xiv. (1859) 80 Alle the wyde world is fulfylled with the fruyte of theyr good labour, c 1460 Fortescue Abs. fi Lim. Mon. iii. (1885) 116 Sumwhat now I haue shewid the frutes of both lawes. 1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer Post-Communion, The fruite of good liuing. 1601 Shaks. Twel. N. 11. v. 216 If you will then see the fruites of the sport, mark his first approach before my lady. 1659 Hammond On Ps. 1 All these Psalms are not the fruit or product of one inspired brain. 1668 Temple Let. to Ld. Arlington Wks. 1731 II. 108 The Fruits of our Con¬ ferences your Lordship will find in the Enclosed. 17x2 Addison Sped. No. 287 p 6 Riches and Plenty are the natural Fruits of Liberty. 1786 Cowper Let. to Churchey Wks. 1837 XV. 189 The most effectual spur to industry in all such exertions, is to lay the fruit of them before the public. 1853 J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. (1873) II. 1. ii. 64 Zingis swept round the sea of Aral, and destroyed the fruits of a long civi¬ lization. 1858 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. 11. vi. (1865) I- 85 His going on the Crusade, .was partly the fruit of the life she led him. ( 3 . a 1568 Ascham Scholem. (Arb.) 23, I wishe..that yong M. Rob. Sackuille, may take that fructe of this labor. 1585 M. W. Commend. Verses to Jas. 1 's Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 10 Lo, heir the fructis, Nymphe, of thy foster faire. c. Advantage, benefit, enjoyment, profit. a. c 1230 Hali Meid. 7 pus hauen godes freond al pe fruit of pis world pat ha forsaken habbed. 1484 Caxton Curiall 3 Thou shalt haue labour wythoute fruyt and shalt vse thy lyf in perylle. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Worcester v, The fruite Of read¬ ing stories, standeth in the suite. 1588 J. Udall Diotrephes (Arb.) 17 You shold preach foure times euery weeke, with more fruit than you can doe now foure times euery yeere. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 11. ii. 145 She tooke the Fruites of my Aduice. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. <$• Cotntniu. 384 The greatest fruit which the Emperour reapeth by the Crowne of Hungarland, ariseth by the benefit of Mines. 1698 J. Howe in H. Rogers Life x. (1863) 219, I read thy lines with fruit and delight. 1858 F. Hall in Jrnl. Atner. Orient. Soc. (1862) VII. 31 Whosesoever, .at any time, has been the soil, his, at that time, has been the fruit of even the previous bestowment thereof. / 3 . 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xxiv. 22 Off warldis gud and grit richess, Quhat fruct hes man but miriness? 8 . altrib. and Comb. a. simple attrib., as fruit- barrow , - basket, - branch, - broker, -close, - dealer, -dish, - garden, -grove, - industry, -loft, - shop , -sort, -stall, - stand ' -stone, -tart, -time ; also fruitwise adv. i8ox Spirit Pub l. Jrnls. (1802) V. 187 * Fruit-barrows and the hunger-giving cries Of vegetable venders fill the air. 1803 Gentl. Mag. Ibid. (1804) VII. 44 Look at. .the fillagree tea-caddies, the ^fruit-baskets, &c., &c. 1719 London & Wise Cotnpl. Gard. xv. 123 lfa*Fruit Branch should chance to be join’d with the two Wood Branches it may be pre¬ serv’d. 1844 Dickens Mart. Chuz. ix, Several *fruit- brokers had their marts near Todgers’s. 1882 Shorthouse J. Inglesant II. xxvi. 317 Inheritance of *fruit-closes, and olive-grounds. 1810 Sporting Mag. XXXV. 39 The de¬ fendant is a *fruit-dealer. 1603 Shaks. Meas.for M. 11. i. 95 We had but two in the house, which .. stood, as it were in a *fruit dish. 1712 J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 3 Kitchen and * Fruit-Gardens. 1725 Pope Odyss. iv. 974 The faithful slave Whom to my nuptial train Icarius gave, 'Lo tend the *fruit-groves. 1894 Daily News 5 Apr. 5/5 Will the *fruit industry of this country find another ^100 towards it ? 1552 Huloet, *Fruite loft, or place to lay fruite in, or to kepe fruite, oporotheca. 1604 Office B. V. M. 277 Ps. lxxviii. 1 They haue made Hierusalem a frute loft. 1650 Howell Giraffis Rev. Naples 1. (1664) 10 He went up and down the ^fruit-shops that were in that quarter. 1842 Browning Soli¬ loquy Sp. Cloister vi, How go your flowers ? None double ? Not one*fruit-sort can you spy? 1858 Sim mohds Diet. Trade, * Fruit stall, a stand on the pavement where fruit is sold in the streets. 1800 Mom. Chron. in Spirit Publ. Jmls. (1801) IV. 40 Nor do we ever see him .. riding backwards over *fruit-stands. 1845-6 G. E. Day tr. Simon's Auim. Chem. II. 465 Their nucleus is usually a foreign body, a ^fruit- stone, a splinter of bone, a needle, or woody fibre. 1568 North Gueuara's Diall Pr. iv. (1619) 624/1 Hee coulde make, .twelue sorts of sawces and ten of *fruit tartes. X552 Huloet, *Fruite tyme, when fruite is ripe, vindemia. 17x2 Addison Sped. No. 477 f 1, I do not suffer any one..to drive them [the birds] from their usual haunts in fruit-time. X864 Swinburne Atalanta 214 *F;uit-wise upon the old flower of tears. b. objective, as fruit-bearer, -culture, -eater, -evaporation, -giver , -grower, -keeper, -monger, -picker, -seller, -vendor ; fruit-bearing, -candying, -packing vbl. sbs.; fruit-bearing, - bringing , -eat- ing, -growing, -producing ppl. adjs. 1726 Leoni Alberti's Archit. I. 24/2 Trees, .especially * Fruit-bearers. 1883 H. Drummond Nat. Law in Spir. W. (ed. 2) 271 *Fruit-bearing without Christ is not an improba¬ bility, but an impossibility. 1629 Parkinson Parodist Title-p., An Orchard of all sorte of *fruit-bearing Trees. 1863 Berkeley Brit. Mosses i. 4 We have the fruit-bearing branches more distinct. 1853 Hickie tr. Aristoph. (1872) II. 546 Ceres, the ^fruit-bringing queen. 1889 Daily News 31 May 5/4 * Fruit-candying establishments. 1483 Cath. Angl. 144 A * Frute eter, xirofagus. 1848 Craig, Ampe- lidce, Chatterers or fruit-eaters. 1883 G. Allen in Knowl. 25 May 304/1 The blackcap .. is a confirmed fruit-eater. 1884 Littells Living Age 688 The shambling, ^fruit-eat¬ ing, bear. 1895 Daily News 13 Dec. 5/4 *Fruit evapora¬ tion would pay British fruit-growers. 1888 Epictetus 11. x. 74 He will be Raingiver and *Fruitgiver. 1884 Harpers Mag. Mar. 602/2 The. .*fruit-grower may..be made in¬ dependent of the weather. 1894 Pop. Sci. Monthly XLIV. 487 Our neighbors of northern Europe are., removed from *fruit-growing regions. 1623 Cockeram ii, A *fruit keeper, epicarpean. 1721 Bradley Virtue Coffee 28 As our *Fruit- mongers do for Cherries. 1894 Daily News 22 Jan. 6/3, I am not going to reply in ‘The Daily News’ to the three letters on *fruit-packing. 1880 Libr. Univ. Knowl. I. 164 For harvesting, we have mowing, reaping and binding machines, shelters, *fruit-pickers, etc. 1895 Daily News 27 Sept. 2/3 Great Britain has to be seriously reckoned with as a *fruit-producingcountry. X552 Huloet, *Fruite seller, fruduarius. 1887 Spectator 25 Mar. 412/2 The Italian *fruit-vendor or organ-grinder is often a retired workman. 9 . Special comb.: fruit-bat (see Flying-fox) ; fruit-bud, a bud containing a fruit germ, in opposition to leaf-bud\ fruit-button fruit-cake, (a) a cake containing fruit; (b) (see quot.) ; fruit-clipper, a fast-sailing ship, built for the conveyance of fruit; fruit-crow (see quot.) ; fruit-dot, Bot., the sorus of ferns; fruit-fly (see quot.); fruit-frame (see quot.); fruit-girl, a girl who sells fruit; fruit-house, a house for storing fruit; fruit-knife, a knife for cutting fruit, with a blade of silver or other material not affected by the acids of the fruit; fruit-meter, a person officially appointed to examine all fruit brought into a market (Cassell) ; fruit-mill (see quot.); f fruits-paying, the payment of annates or ‘ first- fruits’; fruit-piece, ‘a pictured or sculptured representation of fruit’ ( Cent. Did. ); fruit-pigeon, a general name given to the pigeons of the genera Carpophaga and 7 'reron ; fruit-press, an apparatus for extracting the juice from fruit by pressure; fruit- spur, a small branch whose growth is stopped to ensure the development of fruit-buds ; fruit-stalk, a stalk that bears fruit; spec. = Peduncle ; also occas. = Caupophobe; fruit-sugar = Glucose or Levulose ; fruit-tree, a tree cultivated for its fruit; f fruit-trencher, a wooden tray, formerly used as a dessert-plate; ffruit-user = Usufruc¬ tuary sb.; fruit-wall, a wall against which fruit-trees are trained ; fruit-wife, fruit-woman, a woman who sells fruit; also, + a bawd ; •j*fruit- yard, an orchard. 1883 Chamb. Jrtil. 22 Dec. 810/r That curious species of bats known as the *fruit-bat or flying-fox. 1664 Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 190 [When] the Sap begins to stir, .one then best discerns the ’ Fruit-buds. 1707 Curios, in Husb. Gard. 147 The Graft very seldom fails, .provided it., have * Fruit-Buttons. 188s Lankester in E?icycl. Brit. XIX. 841/2 The cysts [of the Endosporex\ may be united side by side in larger or smaller groups. .These composite bodies are termed ^fruit-cakes’ or * aethalia ’, in view of the fact that the spore-cysts of Fuligo, also called /Ethalium— the well-known ‘flowers of tan*—form a cake of this description. 1864 Blackmore C. Vaughan lxxi, The ‘Lily- flower’. .could exhibit her taffrail to the smartest *fruit- clipper. 1856 W. S. Dallas Nat. Hist. Anim. Kingd. 552 The Gymnoderinae, or * Fruit Crows. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. 433/2 The clustered * fruit-dots of ferns. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Supp., * Fruit flies, a name given by gardeners, and others, to a sort of small black flies, found in vast numbers among fruit trees, in the spring season. 1874 Knight Did. Mech., *Fruit frame, Hort. a trellis or espalier. 1750 hi. Walpole Let. to G. Montagu 23 July (1857) II. 213 She had brought Betty, the ^fruit-girl, with hampers of straw¬ berries and cherries. 1812 Combe Picturesque xxm, A fruit- girl’s barrow strikes his shin. 1794 Ld.. Spencer in Ld. Auckland's Corr. (1862) III. 255, I am going with Caroline to the *fruit-house. 1855 H. Clarke Did., * Fruit-knife. 1881 Daily News 5 Aug. 2/7 In long past days the Corpora¬ tion *fruitmeters claimed a sample of fruit from each package entering the Port of London. 1874 Knight Did. Mech., * Fruit-Mill, a mill for grinding grapes for must or apples for cider. 1709 Strype Ann. Ref. 1 . vi. 07 To pray the Queen .. to be discharged of their own subsidies the first year of their ^fruits paying. 1865 Athenaeum No. 1954. 494/3 A rare *fruit-pigeon from the Seychelles. 1823 in Cobbett Rur. Rides (1885) I. 325 [A] great number of these shoots have *fruit-spurs, which will have blossom, if not FRUIT. 576 FRUITFULLY. fruit, next year. 1796 Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 17 Leaf-stalks, shorter than the *fruit-stalks. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 301 [Strawberries] Every runner is, in its incipient state of formation, capable of be¬ coming a fruit-stalk. 1577 B. Googe Hcresbaclis Hush. 11. (1586) 72 *Fruite trees and Vines. 1667 Milton P. L. v. 213 Where any row Of Fruit-trees, .reached too farr Thir pamperd boughes. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 379 Three modes of pruning ..first, the fruit-tree method. 1642 Milton Apol. Sniect. 28 He greets us with a quantity of thum-ring posies. He has a fortune there¬ fore good, because he is content with it. This is a piece of sapience not worth the brain of a *fruit-trencher. 1883 Oxf. Guide-book [The picture-gallery of the Bodleian contains] Queen Elizabeth’s fruit-trenchers, c 1449 Pecock Refr. 411 But thei ben *Fruyte Users of the godis. 1699 (title) *Fruit Walls improved by inclining them to the Horizon. 1773 Mrs. Grant Lett.fr. Mount. (1807) T. x. 78 She has built a fruit wall, a thing before unheard of here. 1611 Cotg'r., Fruictiere , a *Fruit-wife; or woman that selleth fruits. 1672 Dryden Assignation ill. i. Wks. 1883 IV. 416 She's as arrant a ^fruit-woman as any is about Rome. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 358 Fruit women screamed. 1555 W. Watreman Fardlc Facions 11. ix. 205The Gelonites, occu- pienge tilthe : Hue by come, and haue their *frute yardes. Fruit (frwt), v. Also a. 4-5 frute, -yn ; / 3 . 5 fruct. Pa. fple. 4 y-fruited. [f. prec. sb.] 1 . intr. To bear fruit. a. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xvi. 39, I saue it til I se it. .som- del y-fruited. c 1440 Promp. Paw. 182/1 Frutyn, or brynge for[>e frute, fructifico. 1712 J. Petiver in Phil. Trans. XXVI I.424 It Fruits yearly in Chelsey Garden. 1793 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) IV. 220 They have fruited, and are now propagated in almost all the West-India islands. 1854 Hooker Himal. Jrnls. II. xxvii. 253 But few of them fruit. 1882 Mrs. Riddell Daisies <5- B. I. ii4The scarlet- runners fruiting and blooming at the same time. p. a 1500 Colkelbie Sozv iii. 766 How suld a penny fruct contrair nature. fig. c 1440 Jacob's /Pi?//(E.E.T.S.) 259 Mysgouernaunce . .frutyth nojt in goodnesse to [>e soule. 1851 Beddoes’ Poems Mem. 113 Interchanging knowledge, as it..fruited daily in every branch of science. 1883 Baldw. Brown Home iii. 50 We can see the passions and the forces work¬ ing, which fruit in bane or blessing. 2 . irons. ( cansatively ) To make bear fruit; to cultivate to the point of bearing fruit, lit. and fig. 1640 J. Dyke Worthy Commun. 177 He is rooted in Christ, and therefore fruited by Christ. 1851 Beck's Florist Jan. 8, I have not fruited those sorts [of Strawberries]. 1862 Thoreau Excurs ., On Wild Apples (1863) 291 Their ‘ Favorites ’ [apples], .when I have fruited them turn out very tame. 1882 W. B. Weeden Soc. Law Labor 25 For Capital is Labor fruited, saved and preserved. + 3 . In various obsolete uses: a. To produce as fruit, b. To flavour with fruit-juice. Obs. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus. xxiv. 23, I as a vyne frutede [Vulg. fructificavi ] swotnesse of smel. 1736 Bailey Househ. Diet. 359 Fill tin iceing pots with any sorts of cream you please, either plain or sweetened, or you may fruit it. Fruitage (fni-teds). Also 6-8 frutage, (7 -idge). [a. OF. fruitage, f. fruit Fruit.] 1 . The process, season, or state of bearing fruit. 1578 Banister Hist. Man viii. 102 Plantes : which onely florish in growyng, and frutage. 1610 W. Folkingham Art of Survey 1. iii. 6 In Grouth, the thriuage, verdure, fruitage .. &c., of particular Vegetables are regardable. 1816 Coleridge Biog. Lit., Lay Sertn. 317 A tree trans¬ planted from Paradise, with all its branches in full fruitage. 1871 Lytton Coming Race xvii, Fruit-bearing plants after fruitage either shed or change the colour of their leaves. fig. 1892 Ch. Q. Rev. Jan. 444 Many have commented on the late fruitage of Swift’s genius. 2 . Fruit collectively; a crop of fruit. 1610 W. Folkingham Art of Survey 1. vi. 13 What Trees, Plants, Shrubs: what Frutage, Mastage, Gummage. 1613 Chapman Masque of Inns of Court Plays 1873 III. 117 Freely earth her fruitage bearing. 1667 Milton P . L. x. 561 Greedily they pluck’d The Frutage fair to sight. 1708 J. Philips Cyder 1. 3 Whoeer expects his lab’ring trees should bend With frutage. 1808 J. Barlow Columb. 11. 215 The wide domain, with game and fruitage crown’d, Supplied their food. 1883 Mrs. Rollins New Eng. Bygones 180 Much of the plumpest fruitage found its way into the hoards of thieving boys. fig. 1652 Benlowes Theoph. iv. 1 . 58 When me Thou shalt impregn’d with Vertues make A fruitful Eden, all the frutage take. 1749 Smollett Regicide iv. iii, I come. .To claim the promis’d fruitage of my love. 1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect II. 39 His genius was yet in the bud—with the promise of glorious fruitage. t b. pi. Various sorts of fruit. Obs. a 1693 Urquhart Rabelais iii. xiii. no Men do more copiously in the Season of Harvest feed on Fruitages then at any other time. c. transf Offspring, rare- 1 . 1850 Blackie AEschylus I. 195 Yet should she By her own body’s fruitage have been slain ? t 3 . A decorative arrangement of fruits ; a repre¬ sentation of this in embroidery, painting, carving, etc. Obs. 1600 Q. Eliz. Wardr. in Nichols Progr. (1823) III. 509 One peticoate. .with a verie faire border of pomegranetts, pyne aple trees, frutidge. 1604 Dekker King's Enter- tainm. Wks. 1873 !• 3°9 Pomona—attirde in greene, a wreath of frutages circling her temples. 1645 Evelyn Diary 29 Jan., The vines, climbing to the summit of the trees, reach in festoons and fruitages from one tree to another. 1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. 115/2 Fruitage is the hanging of several sorts of Fruit together in husks with strings, c 1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 238 The most exactest workmanship in y° wood carving..both in figures, fruitages, beasts, birds, flowers. 1719 London & Wise Compl. Gard. 37 A glorious Embroidery of Festoons, and Frutages, depending from the yielding Boughs. Hence Frurtag’ecl ppl. a., abounding in fruitage. 1846 C. G. Prowett AEschylus' Prometh. Bound 22 Flowery spring Or fruitaged summer. Fruitarian (frate^rian). rare . [f. Fruit sb. + -arian ; cf. vegetarian .] One who lives on fruit. 1893 Nat. Food Mag. Feb., Even at 3 d. a lb., .the econo¬ mical fruitarian would gain on the economical cerealist. 1896 Westm. Gaz. 4 May 10/1 He became ‘ fruitarian 1 .. He believed in nothing but fruit. Fruited (fnrted), ppl. a. [f. Fruit v. + -ed 2 .] f 1 . Having fruit of a certain kind. Obs. 1612 T. James Jesuits' Downf. 4 Fie on such Fatherhood, so rooted, so fruited. 2 . a. Of a branch, tree, etc. : Having fruit upon it. b. Abounding in or laden with fruit. 1784 Burns ‘ No7ti Westlin Winds' iv, Let us..view.. The rustling corn, the fruited thorn, And ev’ry happy creature. 1850 Blackie AEschylus II. 122 Mighty Jove, the gracious giver. .Crown the fruited year ! 1864 Boutell Her. Hist, Pop. xiii. (ed. 3) 124 A wreath of peach- branches fruited. 1885 Manch. Exam. 14 July 4/5 The plant, .though small is unusually heavily fruited. 1888 Morris Burghers' Battle in Athenaeum 16 June 761/2 The shadows of the fruited close Dapple the feast-hall floor. Fruiten (fn 7 *t’n), v. [f. Fruit sb. + -en 5 .] t a. trans. To make fruitful (obs.). b. intr. To become full of fruit. Hence Frurtening ppl. a. (rare— 1 ). 1633 Bp. Hall Hard Texts 84 ,1 will give you seasonable rains, .to supple and fruiten the earth. 1839 Bailey Festus (1848) 11/2 Fanning the fruitening plains. Fruiter (fn7*t9.i). [orig. a. F v fruitier , {.fruit ; later prob. independently f. Fruit sb. or v. + -er 1 .] f a. One who deals in, or has the care of fruit, b. A vessel engaged in the fruit-trade, c. A tree that produces fruit, d. A fruit-grower. a 1483 Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. (1790) 22 Besides the fruter and waferer. c 1500 Cocke Lorell's B. (Percy) 9 Fruyters, chese-mongers, and mynstrelles. 1667 Canter¬ bury Marriage Licences 31 July (MS.) William Settertree of Brooke .. fruiter, i860 A. Cumming in Merc. Marine Mag. VII. 102 Let them..swing to one anchor .. (as the fruiters do at St. Michael’s). 1870 Harper's Mag. XLI. 864 A man can’t bring into port, .a fruiter from the Levant, with Portuguese and Greeks before the mast. 1882 Gard. Chron. No. 421. 79 The former is a handsome variety of medium growth, and a sure fruiter. 1887 J. E. M c Gowan Chattanooga <$• Tennessee 35 The fruiter, farmers and truckers have now more capital for their business. Fruiterer (fnrtersi). [extended form of prec.: see -er 1 3.] 1 . A dealer in fruit; a fruit-seller. 1408 Close Roll 9 Hen. IV b, Thomas Sebeche, ffruterer. 1556 J. Heywood Spider «$• F. Ssj b, The frewte..on the frewterers hande lying. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV , iii. ii. 36 The very same-day did I fight with one Sampson Stock¬ fish, a Fruiterer. 1650 Howell Giraf/i's Rev. Naples 1. (1664) 12 Telling the fruiterers that they should pay the gabell. 1720 Gay Poems (1745) I. 167 Walnuts the fruit¬ erer’s hand, in autumn stain. 1815 Elphinstone Acc. Caulml (1842) I. 75 Amongst the handsomest shops were the fruiterers’. 1875 Hamerton Intell. Life ix. i. 301 Careful as a fruiterer is of the bloom upon his grapes. ^ 2 . A fruit-grower. Obs. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. xviii. 298 The Pear-maine .. Which carefull frut’rers now have denizend our owne. 1615 W. Lawson Orch. Gard. iii. i. (1668) 1 Whosoever desireth..to have a pleasant and profitable Orchard, must provide himself of a fruiterer. .Skilful in that faculty. 1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. (1814) 255 Most of our best apples are supposed to have been introduced into Britain by a fruiterer of Henry the Eighth. Fruiteress (frwTeres). Also 8 fruitress. [f. as prec. -f -ess.] A female seller of fruit. 1713 Stef.le Guardian No. 87 Pi The hawker-women, fruitresses, and milk-maids. 1809 Sporting Mag . XXXIV. 244 The fair fruiteress, it seems was jealous of her neigh¬ bour. 1823 Lamb Elia , My First Play , The fashionable pro¬ nunciation of the theatrical fruiteresses then was ‘Chase some oranges', .chase pro chuse. Fruitery (fn 7 ’teri). Also 7 frut(e)ry. [ad. Yx.fruiterie , f. fruit Fruit.] + 1 . A place for growing or storing fruit. Obs. 1609 Patent 7 Jas. I in Act 5 Geo. ///, c. 26. Preamble, Dove-houses, orchards, fruiteries, gardens, lofts, cottages. 1725 Bradley Fain . Diet, s.v., You must be careful in cleaning and sweeping your Fruitery often. 1816 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1843) I* 161, I must next conduct you from the garden into the orchard and fruitery. 2 . Fruit collectively; a crop of fruit. Now rare. 16.. Sylvester Du Bart as (N.), He sowde and planted in his proper grange (Upon som savage stock) som frutry strange. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. xiv. 229 Where full Pomona seemes most plentiously to flowe, And with her fruitery swells by Pershore in her pride. 1656 S. Holland Zara (1719) 27 Indeed she had manifested a prodigious prodigality, had she afforded a Shambles to her Frutery. 1708 J. Philips Cyder 11. 35 Oft, notwithstanding all thy Care To help thy Plants, when the small Fruit’ry seems Exempt from Ills, an oriental Blast Disastrous flies. 1828 Miss Mitford Village Ser. iii. (1863) 491 Dealing with him in all sorts of fishery and fruitery for. .her shop. t Fruitester. Obs. rare — 1 , [f. Fruit sb.+ -ster.] = Fruiteress. (Cf. quot. 1672 for fruit- woman in Fruit sb. 9.) c 1386 Chaucer Pardoner s T. 16 Than comen tomb- esteres Fetys and smale, and yonge frutesteres [v. rr. fruyt- esteres, fruytsters]. Fruitful (fretful), a. Forms: a. (see Fruit sb.). P. 4-7 fructfull, (5 fructufulle), 6 fruictfull. [f. Fruit +-ful.] 1. Productive of fruit. Of trees, etc.: Bearing plenty of fruit. Of soils, etc.: Fertile. Of rain, etc.: Causing fertility. a 1300 E. E. Psalter cxlviii. 9 Tries fruitefulle and cedres alle. C1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xiv. 61 J>ir hilles er ri}t fruytfull. 1535 Coverdale Neh. ix. 25 Vynyardes, oyl- garden, and many frutefull trees. 1563 W. Fulke Meteors (1640)63 Clay, .is not so fruitfull as marie. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Illy v. ii. 8 The .. Boare (That spoyl’d your Summer Fields, and fruitfull Vines). 1601 Holland Pliny xix. vii, Such seeds., must be all throughly dried before they be.. fruitfull. 1649 J ER - Taylor Gt. Exemp. iii. xiv. 49 The fruitfull Nilus. .filling all the trenches to make a plenty of corn and fruits. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. x. 293 The Tree hath usually 3 fruitfull Branches. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 1. 236 Heav’n invok’d with Vows for fruitful Rain. 1739 Lady Pomfret Let. I. xxii. 84 A very steep but fruitful hill, .the vineyards .. crown the very summit. 1859 Thackeray Virgin, xxiv, His estate .. was as large as Kent; and., infinitely more fruitful. 2. Productive of offspring; not barren ; producing offspring in abundance, prolific. c 1520 L. Andrewe Noble Lyfe in Babees Bk. 229 A Bremon is a fruteful fisshe that hathe moche sede. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 153 b, Lya was the more fruytfull, and had more chyldren than Rachel. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iv. (1586) 162 Some [hens] are so fruitfull, as they kill them selves with laying. 1611 Bible Gen. i. 22 God blessed them, saying, Be fruitfull, and multiply. 1667 D’chess Newcastle Life Dk. New¬ castle (1886) 87 A young woman that might prove fruitful to him. a 1715 Burnet Own Time (1766) II. 225 The fruitfullest marriage that has been known in our age. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VIII. 43 Nature .. has rendered some animals surprizingly fruitful. 1841-71 T. R. Jones Anirn. Kingd. (ed. 4) 367 The queen bee, when deprived of her wings before any communication with the male has taken place, will nevertheless lay fruitful eggs. 1869 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) III. xii. iii That mar¬ riage proved happy and fruitful. b. Astrol. Favourable to fecundity. 1721 Bailey, Fruitful Signs , [in Astrology] are the Signs Gemini, Cancer and Pisces. f 3. Of a harvest, a crop, hence of a reward, a meal, etc.: Abundant, copious. Chiefly in Shaks. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 1. ii. 80 The fruitfull Riuer in the Eye. 1603 — Meas.for M. iv. iii. 161 One fruitful Meale would set mee too’t. 1607 — Timon v. i. 153 With a recompence more fruitfull Than their offence can weigh downe. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 11. 197 Harvests heavy with their fruitful weight, Adorn our fields. 4. transf. and fig. J* a. Productive of (material things), abounding in. Obs. 1629 S'hertogenbosh 1 This Boscage was..fruitfull of wild Deere. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India 4* P. 328 The whole Region is very fruitful of Barren Mountains. b. With reference to immaterial things: Prolific; abundantly productive. Const, in, of. 1535 Coverdale Col. i. 10 To be frutefull in all good workes. 1667 Milton P. L. iii. 337 Golden days, fruitful of golden deeds. 1674 Wood Life (O. H. S.) II. 284 Mar- tock in com. Somerset, ever fruitfull in good wits. 1744 Armstrong Preserv. Health 11. 457 We curse not wine: The vile excess we blame; More fruitful than th’ accumulated board Of pain and misery. 1826 T. I. Wharton in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. I. 134 His travels are fruitful of infor¬ mation. 1843 Prescott Mexico vi. i. (1864) 335 His fruitful genius suggested an expedient. 1844 H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 406 A fruitful subject of contention. 1876 Trevelyan Macaulay I. v. 289 The main incidents of that Session, so fruitful in great measures. 1885 Public Opinion 9 J an - 37/ 2 Prince Albert Victor, .has probably a long and fruitful career before him. 5. Productive of good results ; beneficial, profit¬ able, remunerative. Now only of actions, qualities, or the like; formerly also of concrete things. c 1386 Chaucer Pars. T. p 36 And this is fruitful penance ayenst tho three thinges, in which we wrathen our Lord Jesu Christ. £1440 Jacob's Well (E. E. T. S.) 228 Ydel- nesse & ese wyth-oute fruytfull occupacyoun. 1504 Atkyn- son tr. Dc Imitatione 1. xxv. 178 Holye redyngeof frutefull doctrine. 1616 Surf. & Markh. Country Farme 316 The fruitfullest thing that can be kept about a Countrie-house is Bees. 1640 Yorke Union Hon. 4 Robert with his followers obtained a fruitfull possession in those parts. 1712 Addison Sped. No. 303 p 4 Instances of the same great and fruitful Invention. 1867 A. Barry Sir C. Barry ix. 303 It had the opportunities of rapid and fruitful exercise. p. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 56 The noble and fructufulle ex¬ amples of the noble cenatours. 1547-8 Ordre of Communion 4 His mooste fruictfull and glorious Passion. 1552 Lyndesay Monarche 4788 Lat thay yt fructfull fysche [i.e. the Kirk] eschaip thare handis. + Frui tfulhead. Oh. In 5 fru^tfulhed. [f. Fruitful +-head, -hood.] = Fruitfulness. c 1440 Jacob's Well (E. E. T. S.) 238 Wetched softhed & neschhed, fru3tfulhed. Fruitfully (fn7*tfuli), adv. [f. Fruitful + -ly 2 .] In a fruitful manner. 1. So as to produce good results ; with good effect, beneficially, profitably, edifyingly. c 1450 tr. De Imitatione i. xviii. 20 Euery tyme )>ei spendid fruytfully. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxv. § 19 Our very nature doth hardly yeeld to destroy that which may bee fruitefully kept. 1643 Burroughes Exp. Hosea ix. 311 That you may be helped fruitfully to read much Scripture. 1658 C. Cartwright (title) A Practical and Polemical Com¬ mentary..on the Whole Fifteenth Psalm. Wherein the Text is learnedly and fruitfully explained. 1894 Advance (Chicago) 29 Apr., It is the mission of others to illustrate and to show how to think, wisely, deeply, fruitfully. t 2. a. Copiously, fully, b. In such a manner as to be prolific. Obs. rare. FRUITFULNESS. 577 FRUMENTY. i6ox Shaks. All's Well ir. ii. 73 La. You vnderstand me. Clo. Most fruitfully. 1605 — Lear iv. vi. 270 If your will want not, time and place will be fruitfully offer’d, a 1684 Earl Roscommon Virgil's Sixth Eclogue 45 How scatter’d Seeds of Sea, and Air, and Earth, And purer Fire..did fruit¬ fully unite. Fruitfulness (frwtfulnes). [f. Fruitful + -ness.] The quality, fact, or state of being fruitful, in senses of the adj. 1. Fertility in crops ; exuberant production. 1398 Trevisa Barth . De P. R. xvii. Ixi. (1495]) 637 The fygge tree .. hath that name of fruitfulnesse, for it is more fruytfull than other trees. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. xvi. (1634) 85 As though the fruitfulnesse of one yeare were not the singular blessing of God. 1601 Weever Mirr. Mart. Bij, A ground Which thrice a yeere her fruitfulnes did show. 1693 Ld. Preston Boeth. 1. 18 note , Named Felix, .famous for its Fruitfulness and Number of Cities. 1775 Adair A mer. Ind. 184 The vine was., a symbol of fruitfulness. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. I. 245 Some idea of its [bananas] fruitfulness may be gathered from the statement [etc.]. concr. 1649 Roberts Clavis Bill. 80 And plentifully he did eate The fruitfulnesses of the field. 2. Fertility in offspring; fecundity. 1624 Gataker Transuhst. 138 By that blessing hee be¬ stowed fruitfulnesse upon them. 1647 Fuller Good Th. in Worse T. (1841) 120 That water .. proved like the spa unto her, so famous for causing fruitfulness. 1702 Addison Dial. Medals ii. 93 The Cornu-copise in her hand is a type of her fruitfulness. 1846 McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I . 420 The increase .. must .. be attributed to an increased fruitfulness of the female sex. 3. Productiveness in general: a. of material things. ? Obs. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. <5- Commsv. 237 The fruitful¬ nesse of the Mines is no whit diminished. 1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. 11.103 The milkie fruitfulnesse of the Cow. b. of immaterial things. Also, profitableness, utility ; occas. f liberality. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas, xi. xxxvii, He shal attaste the well of frutefulness Which Vyrgyl claryfied. 1531 Bible Ps. xxxvi. note, The fertilitie and fruitfulnes of the holy Ghoste. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 266 To heale that up by the fruitfulnesse of physicke. 1604 Shaks. Oth. m. iv. 38 This argues fruitfulnesse, and liberal heart, a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 87 It [woad] giveth them [colours] truth and fruitfulness. 1702 Addison Dial. Medals ii. 52 Shows at the same time the great fruitfulness of the Poet’s fancy. 1833 Lamb Elia, Product. Mod. Art, To the lowest subjects .. the Great Masters gave loftiness and fruitfulness. 1881 J. R. Illingworth Semi. Coll. Chapel 150 The fruitfulness of the fragmentary lives of old. Fruiting (ff«-tiq), vbl. sb. [f. Fruit v. + -ing 1 .] The action of the vb. Fruit ; the process of bearing fruit, t In early use concr .: Offspring. a 1300 Cursor M. 12257 (Gott.) pat pe geld j?air fruiting find. 1862 Ansted Channel I si. iv. xxi. (ed. 2) 488 A. .white frost, will, .check the fruiting of the trees for several years. 1871-2 H. Macmillan True Vine in. 115 The period of., fruiting is accelerated, .by grafting. Fruiting (frartig), ppl. a. [f. Fruit v. + -ing^.] Bearing fruit. 1778 Cowper Let. 3 Dec., He has presented me with six fruiting pines. . 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 178 Galium uli- ginosum. .fruiting pedicels erect. 1872 Oliver Elem. Bot. II. 289 [Of Horsetail] The fertile or fruiting stem is un¬ branched. 1894 Flora A. Steel Potter's Thumb (1895) 161 A shingled hut, hung with flowering, fruiting gourds. Fruition (frm-Jan). Forms: 5-6 fmicion, -yon, fruycion, (5 fruycon), fruyssyon, 6 frui- tioun, fruytion, 6 - fruition, [a. OF ./mission, fruition) fruycion, ad. 'L.fntitidnem, n. of action f. frui to enjoy: see Fruit sb.~\ The action of enjoying; enjoyment, pleasurable possession, the pleasure arising from possession, f In the fruition of= in the possession of. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iv. xxviii. 75 An aungel hath that knowynge of his creatour by very fruycion. c 1450 Cov. Mysi. (Shaks. Soc.) 86 Contryssyon, Compassyon, and Clennes, And that holy mayde Fruyssyon. 1554 Latimer in Strype .See/. Mem. III. App. xxxv. 98 If we live by hope let us desire the end and fruition of our hope. 1600 Hakluyt Voy. (1810) III. 57 We had when so disposed, the fruition of our bookes. 1632 Lithgow Trav. v. 179 Sotyman entred the Toune as conquerour..It is ever since in the fruition of Turkes. C1655A. Sidney Treat. Love in 19th Cent. Jan. (1884) 61 It is very certaine that all desire is for fruition. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 256 T 7 An Object of Desire placed out of the Possibility of Fruition. 1855 Thackeray New- comes I. 20 Repaid by such a scant holiday and brief fruition.. 1883 19 th Cent. May 854 In the contemplation and fruition of the Uncreated Good. \\ Erroneously associated with Fruit. (The blunder is somewhat common both in England and in the U.S., but is not countenanced by Dictionaries in this country, nor by Webster or Worcester.) 1885 Harper s Mag. May 906 The greenish nuts, ripened as always from the flowers of the previous year and now in their full fruition. 1889 Century Did ., Fruition , a coming into fruit or fulfilment. 1895 Standard Did ., Fruition , the bearing of fruit; the yielding of natural or expected results; realization, fulfilment. Fruitist (fr?7*tist). [f. Fruit sb. + -ist.] One who cultivates fruit. 1824 B. Maund ( title ) Fruitist: a Treatise on Orchard and Garden Fruits. 1848-61 (title) The florist, fruitist and garden miscellany. 1849 Florist 52 Our space prevents our doing more than warmly recommending such of our readers as are fruitists to procure this work. Fruitive (frw-itiv), a. [ad. med.L. fruitivus , in unio fruitiva (Thomas a Kempis) ; f. L .fru-i (see Fruition).] Consisting of, arising from, or VOL. IV. producing fruition or enjoyment; having the faculty or function of enjoying. 1635 Rous Myst. Marr. [1653) 263 A spiritual conjunction & the excesses of a fruitive union. 1648 Boyle Seraph. Love xxvi. (1700) 154 To whet our Longings for Fruitive (or experimental) knowledge. 1668 Howe Bless. Righteous (1825) 77 This vision is fruitive, unites the Soul with the blessed object., a 1866 J. Grote Treat. Mor. Ideals (1876) 293 Utilitarianism, .looks upon man as fruitive, or enjoying, in the first instance, and active only in the second instance. Fruitless (fhTtles), a. [f. Fruit sb. + -less.] Devoid of fruit. 1. Not producing fruit; barren, sterile. + Rarely of animals : Not producing offspring, unfruitful. 1513 Bradshaw St. Werburge (1887) 806 With whom this lady lyued a longe season Barrayn and fruyteles of gene- racion. 1546 Supplic. Poore Commons (E. E. T. S.) 92 Rotton and fruyteles trees. 1596 Edw. Ill , 1. ii. 151 The ground.. seemes barrayne, sere, vnfertill, fructles [ed. 1599 fruitles], dry. 1601 Holland Pliny 1 . 224 Such begotten in this maner..are themselues barren and fruitles, vnable either to beare or beget yong. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 230 We see some women which haue conceyued to become fruitlesse for a space. 1634 Rainbow Labour (1635) 3 Christ ..had power..to turne the fruitlesse desarts into kitchins. 1725 Bradley Fam. Did. s.v. July , Diligently removing, either by Pinching or the Knife, all weak and fruitless Shoots. 1800 Stuart in Owen Wellesley's Desp. 571 The part that does not belong to us is savage and fruitless. 1851 Ruskin Stones Ven. II. iv. § 17.69 The root of a fruit* less tree. 2. Yielding no profit or advantage; producing no effect or result; inefficacious, ineffectual, un¬ profitable, useless ; empty, idle, vain. 1340 Ham pole Pr. Consc. 5666 Ilk idel worde, spoken in vayne, pat.es to say, pat war fruytles. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems lxvi. 2 This waverand warldis wretchidness, The fail^eand and frutless bissiness. 1580 Sidney Arcadia 1. (1605) 44 The basest and fruitlessest of al passions. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. hi. ii. 371 When they next wake, all this derision Shall seeme a dreame, and fruitlesse vision. i6ix Bible Wisd. xv. 4 An image spotted with diuers colours, the painters fruitlesse labour. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. ix. 251 Our search was. .fruitless. 1751 Jortin Serm. (1771) V. iii. 49 Vows which often end in fruitless regrets. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 298 The liberality of the nation had been made fruitless by the vices of the government. X878 Morley Crit. Misc ., Carlyle, 202 It is fruitless to go to him for help in the solution of philosophic problems. 3. a. Of persons : Not attaining one’s object; unsuccessful, b. Const, of Unable to produce or utter (words), rare. 1843 Carlyle Past Sf Pr. 11. vi, The Devil and the Dream both fled away fruitless. 1858 — Fredk. Gt. iv. v. (1865) I. 300 He storms and rages forward .. but .. has to retire fruitless, about daybreak, himself wounded. 1869 Lowell Under the Willows Poet. Wks. (18.80) 195 Dumbly felt with thrills Moving the lips, though fruitless of the words. Hence Fruitlessly adv., Fruitlessness. X612-15 Bp. Hall Contempl ., O. T. xi. v, Then she had griefe from her own fruitlesnesse. 1626 Massinger Rom. Actor iv. i, You have but fruitlessly laboured to sully A white robe of perfection. 1727 W. Mather. Yng. Man's Comp. 72 Time fruitlesly passed away, will in the end cause an aking Heart. 1791 Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest xi, She saw the inconvenience and fruitlessness of opposition. 1858 Froude Hist. Eng. IV. xviii. 55 Policy had laboured for a union, and had laboured fruitlessly. 1872 Liddon Elem . Relig. v. 184 If by ‘ God' is meant only [etc.], .we need not read Spinoza to convince ourselves of the fruitlessness of prayer. Fruitlet (frw’tlet). [f. Fruit sb. + -let.] A little fruit; Bot., a single member of an aggregate fruit: see Aggregate a. 5. 1882 Vines Sachs* Bot. 495 If the carpels do not cohere, each forms a part of the fruit, or a fruitlet. 1883 G. Allen Col. Clout's Cal. xxi. 119 The blackberry and raspberry; where the individual fruitlets grow soft, sweet, and pulpy. Fruitling (frw’tlir)). [f. Fruit sb. + -ling.] A small fruit; in material and immaterial sense. 1876 J. Ellis Caesar in Egypt 247 Time lost ! in ac¬ quiring some fruitlings of error. 1891 Chamb. Jrnl. Feb. 107/2 A mango tree with two small green fruitlings on it. t Fruituously, adv. Obs 1 Altered form of Fructuously, after Fruit. c 1450 tr. De Imilatione I. xiv. 16 Euere he laborij) fruytu- ously. + Fru’iture. Obs.- 1 [As if ad. L. *fruitiira, i.frui to enjoy : see Fruit.] Fruition. ci 1653 G. Daniel Idyll i. 99 To give the fruiture of each desire. Fruity (frw’ti), a. [f. Fruit sb. + -y F] 1. Of or pertaining to or resembling fruit. 1657 R. Ligon Barbadoes (1673) 72 A fruity taste. 1817 L. Hunt Let. to C. C. Clarke in Gentl. Mag. May (1876) 600 All that is fine, floral, and fruity. 1850 Blackie AEschylus I. 81 The flowery calix, full surcharged With fruity promise. 1858 Bushnell Nat. 4* Supernat. iv. (1864) 91 The succulent peach gathers its fruity parts .. about the nut or stone. e on }>aem lande frumcennede waeron. ciooo Ags. Gosp. Matt. i. 1 Heo cende hyre frum-cennedan R1160 Hatton kennedej sunu. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 87 Godes engel. .acwalde on elche huse. .frumkenede childe. + Frummagemed, ppl. Cant. 06 s. (See quots.) a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Frummagem'd, choaked. 1785 Grose Diet. Vulg. Tongue, Frummagem'd, choak'd, strangled, or hanged. t Frtrmmer. Obs. rare. [? var. of Frumper.] 1659 Torriano, Taccagnatore , a chuff, a caviller, a frummer, a niggardly wretch. Frump (fn?mp), sb. [Of unknown origin ; pos¬ sibly shortened from Frumple.] + 1 . ? A sneer, ?a derisive snort. Obs. 1589 R. Harvey PI. Perc. 4 You vse the nostrils too much, and to many vnseasoned frumps [to a man, as if he were a horse]. 1592 Greene Disput. 24, I gaue him slender thankes, but with such a frump that he perceiued how light I made of his counsayle. 1650 Trapp Comm. Deut. xxiii. 4 As God takes notice of the least courtesie shewed to his people .. so he doth of the least discourtesie, even to a frown or a frump. +2. A mocking speech or action; a flout, jeer. Obs. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 188 You brought a shillyng to ninepence .. and so gave hym a frumpe euen to his face. 1598 Barcki.ey Felic. Man (1631) 99 Esteeming those things as the frumps of fortune, which ye exalt above the skies and take for felicitie. 1616 Beaum. & Fl. Scomf Lady 11. iii, Sweet Widow leave your frumps, and be edified. 1651 Howell in Cartwright's Poems b 8 b, They dash thee on the Nose with frumps and rapps. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Frump, a dry Bob, or Jest. + 3 . A derisive deception, a hoax. Obs. 1593 Hollyband Fr. Diet. (Halliw .\ To tell one a lie, to give a frumpe. 1668 Davenant Man's the Master n. i, These are a kind of witty frumps of mine like selling of bargains. 1791 Pegge Derbicisms Ser. 11. (E. D. S.), Fnunp, an untruth, a story. 4 . pi. Sulks, ill-humour. Now dial. 1668 Dryden Evening's Lozon Crum raesen ; he feolde. .feowerti hundred. t Frumschaft. Obs. [OE. frumsceaft, f. frum-a first + sceaft creation, f. self pan to Shape.] First formation, creation. Beowulf 91 Sae^de, se )?e cu]>e frumsceaft fira feorran reccan. ^900 tr. Baeda's Hist. iv. xxv. [xxiv.] (1899) 344 pa cwaeS he : Hwaet sceal ic singan? CwaeS he :Sing me frumsceaft. a 1225 Juliana 3 In ure lauerdes luue pe feader is of frumscheft. a 1225 St. Marker. 20 pu folckes feder of frumschaft schuptest al the ischapen is. t Frumth. Obs. Forms: 1 frymIS (? errone¬ ously frum’S), frymfio, 2 frem'S, 2-3 frum‘ 5 , south. vrumtt, Orm. frumm‘ 5 . [OE .frynifi, Northumb. frymbo , fern. f. frum adj., original.] Beginning. c 950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxv. 34 From frymSo middan- fteardes. a 1000 Elene 345 (Gr.) FrumSa god. a 1000 Boeth. Metr. xi. 75 Hi. .sculon pone ilcan ryne eft gecyrran pe aet frymSe. c 1200 Ormin 18555 piss wass i frummpe wipp sop Godd. a 1225 Auer. R. 104 lch seide. ,i 5 e frum 5 e of pis tale. 12 . Duty Chr. 30 in O. E. Miso. 142 He [Crist] hit haued al bipouht pe frumSe to pon ende. t Frundel. Obs. Forms : 6 frondaille, frundle, 6-7 frundel(l, 7 frundele. [app. a var. of farundelly Farthingdeal.] A dry measure ; by Ray said to be equal to two pecks. Quot. 1641 seems to identify the frundel and the peck. This appears more probable than Ray’s statement, if the word means etymologically ‘quarter’ (of a bushel); but the discrepancy may admit of being explained, as Ray mentions the existence of a * bushel ’ twice as large as the standard bushel. c x 55 ° Bottesford Manor Rec. (N. W. Line. Gloss.), From martyngmes to mydsomer i frondaille off malt. 1557 in Antiquary Dec. (1888) 20, i frundell of barlye. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 68 Many will putte to a pecke or frundell of malte.. to make it both stronge and likewise to keepe well. 1673 Yorksh. Dial. 6 in 9 Specim. (E. D. S.) iii You s’ ge m a frundel o’ yar grains. 1674-91 Ray N. C. Words 28 A Frundele : Two pecks. Frunt(e, obs. form of Front. Fruntall(e, -elle, obs. forms of Frontal. Frunter, var. of Thrunter Sc. (a ewe in her fourth year). Frunture, var of Fronture, Obs. Finish (fr»J), sb . 1 Obs. exc. Sc. Also 4-5 frusche, 4-6 frusshe, (5 frushe, 9 arch, frusch). [a. OY.fruis,frois, n. of action f . fruissier,frois- sier : see Frush v.j + 1 . A rush, charge, onset, collision. Obs. 1375 Barbour Bruce xm. 292 He and all his cumpany.. In-till a frusche all tuk the flycht. c 1400 Melayne 268 Righte at the firste frusche thay felde Fyve thotvsande knyghtis. 1412-zo Lydg. Chron. Troy 11. xxi, All in a frushe in all the haste they may They ran. a 1533 Ed. Berners Huon exxx. 474 So they aprochyd, and al at a frusshe of both partyes dasshed together. b. The noise caused by this ; the crash of break¬ ing weapons, etc. *375 Barbour Bruce xu. 545 Men mycht her, that had beyn by, A gret frusche of the speres that brast. 1805 Southey Modoc 11. xix, With horrible uproar and frush Of rocks that meet in battle. 1875 J. Veitch Tweed 144 Of mingling spears a shivering frusch. 2 . collect. Fragments, splinters. 1583 Stanyhurst AEneis i. (Arb.) 18 Al the frushe and leauings of Greeks. 1819 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd (1827) 190 Some brak in sma’The carvit wark..Sending the glory o’ the wa' In fritter’t frush about. Frush (frtff), sb . 2 Obs. exc. dial. [Of uncertain origin ; Topsell’s suggestion (quot. 1607) seems not impossible. It might be plausibly regarded as a subst. use of Frush a. ; but that word has not been found earlier than the present century.] = Frog sb / 1 Also (more fully winning frush ) a disease which attacks this part of a horse’s foot; thrush. 1607 Topsell Four-f Beasts (1658) 324 The frush is the teiiderest part of the hoof towards the heel, .and because it is fashioned like a forked head, the French men call it ‘ Furchette ’ which word our farriers, .perhaps for easiness sake of pronuntiation, do make it a monosyllable, and pro¬ nounce it the ‘ frush ’. 1639 T. De Gray Compl. Horsern. Let her shooes be taken off, her feet pared well, the rush and heeles opened. 1688 R. Holme A rmoury 11. 152/2 The running of the Frush ; which is a rotten corrupt humour, that comes out of his [a horse’s] Leg. 1725 Bradley Fam. Diet. s. v. Hoof, When the Frush is broad, the Heels will be weak. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1757) II. 32 A large Coronet is often accompanied with a tender Heel and running Frush. 1754 Diet. Arts § Sc. II. 1350 Frush, or Frog, among farriers, a sort of tender horn which arises in the middle of a horse’s sole. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss., Frush, the thrush, or tender part of a horse’s foot. Frush. (frtfj), a. Sc. and north, dial. [? f. Frush v. ; but cf. the synonymous Frough al] 1 . Liable to break; brittle, dry, fragile. Cf. Frushy a. 1802 in Scott Minstr. Scott. Bord. II. 142 O wae betide the frush saugh wand! 1826 Blackw. Mag. XIX. 243 Frush becomes the whole cover in a few seasons; and not a bird can open its wing .. without scattering the straw like chaff. 1834 M. Scott Cruise Midge (1863) 200 The bottom of the pulpit being auld and frush the wooden tram flew crash through. 1878 Cumberld. Gloss., Frush, very brittle; crumbly. 1880 Antrim <$• Down Gloss., Frush , brittle, as applied to wood, &c.: said of flax when the ‘ shoughs ’ separate easily from the fibre. fig. 1823 Galt Entail I. 59 When we think o’ the frush green kail-custock-like nature of bairns. 2 . Soft, not firm in substance. 1848 T. Aird Frank Sylvan Poet. Wks. 302 They, .peel the foul brown film of rind [of the earth-nut] away To the pure white, and taste it soft and frush. 1889 Daily News 12 Nov. 2/1 Beef that is in the flabby, unwholesome-looking condition that the butchers call ‘ frush ’. 3 . Frank, forward. A herd. (Jam.) ? Obs. 1779 in J. Skinner's Misc. Poetry (1809) 183 Ye’re unco frush At praising what’s nae worth a rush. Frush(frz?J),^. Forms: 4-6frusch(e,frus(s)he, (4 frussche, fruyshe, froche), 6 - frush. Also (sense 5) 8 frust. [a. OF. fruissier, froissier (mod.F. froisser) popular L. *frustiare to shiver in pieces, f. L. frustum fragment: see Frustum.] 11. trans. To strike violently so as to crush, bruise, or smash. Obs. 13.. A”. Alis. 1814 To frusche the gadelyng, and to bete, And none of heom on lyve lete. c 1380 Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 201 Lest h e i frushen her owne brest at hard stoone. c 1477 Caxton Jason 138 They frusshed his helme and made him a meruaillous wounde in his hede. 1588 Greene Pandosto (160 7) 10 High Cedars are fl ushed with tempests, when lowe shrubs are not toucht with the wind. 1609 Heywood Brit. Troy xi. lxv, With fury each invades His opposite their mutual armour frushing. f b. with adv. or advb. phrase. Obs. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints , Petrus 588 Harnise and sched & body all Fruschit in peciss vndir small, c 1500 Lancelot 1201 Thei fond his scheld was fruschit al to nocht. 1534 More On the Passion Wks. 1275/1 Enmyty wil I put betwene thee and the woman..she shal frushe thyne head in peeces. 1569 Stocker tr. Diod. Sic. iii. ii. 107 He was.. frushed and brused to death. 1609 Bible (Douay) Judg. v. 11 The chariottes were frushed together. FRUSHING. 579 FRUSTRATE. + c. To dash (a person) aback, down, etc. Ohs. <*1380 Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 204 Where evere bis spirit taki|> him he fruyshib him doun. t 1400 Destr. Troy 3225 pai.. frusshit horn abake. Ibid. 5931 He fru.sshet so felly freikes to ground. t d. fig. To crush, disable. Obs. c 1470 Henry Wallace hi. 197 The Sothroune part so fruscned was that tide, That in the stour thai mycht no 1 langar bide, c 1510 More Ficus Wks. 9/1 Refreshing all his membres that were bruised and frushed with that feuer. 1577 Stanyhurst Descr. Irel. in Holinshcd (1807-8) VI. 38 They are sore frusht with sicknesse. + 2 . intr. To rush violently; also with in, out, together. Also in comb, again frushe: see Again- 2. 1375 Barbour Bruce xvi. 161 Horss com thair fruschand, hed for hed. c 1400 Destr. Troy 11893 P an the freike shuld frusshe out, & a fyre make. Ibid. 11927 The grekes.. Frushet in felly at the faire yates. c 1400 Melayne 469 A fire }>an fro p'- crosse gane frusche. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) xx i»* 2 38 Thei frusschen to gidere fulle fiercely. c 1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 3831 He com frushing, and leid on, And sleugh ther many a worthie mon. c 1450 Merlin 208 Thei frussht bothe on an hepe, the horse and his maister. 3 . trans. To rub harshly, scratch. Obs. exc. dial. c 1400 Destr. Troy 13940 He..ffowle frusshet his face with his felle nailes. c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy) 39 With his berde he frusshed hir mouthe un-mete. [1877 N. W. Line. Gloss., Frush, to rub, to rub bright, to polish.] + 4 . intr. To break, snap; to break or become broken under pressure ; to become crushed. Obs. rare. 1489 Barbours Bruce xn. 57 (Edin. MS.) The hand-ax- schaft. .fruschit. .in twa. 1665 J. Webb -S' tone-Heng 219 Timber-Work, .to keep the Arras from frushing. + 5 . traits. The technical expression for : a. To carve (a chicken) ; cf. Break v. 2 b. b. To dress (a chub). Obs. c 1430 Lydg. Hors, Shepe <5* G. (Roxb.) 33 A chekyn [is] frusshed. 1513 Bk. Keruynge in Babees Bk. (1868) 265 Termes of a Keruer .. frusshe that chekyn. 1708 W. King Cookery 33 Persons of some Rank, and Quality, say, Pray cut up that Goose : Help me to some of that Chicken ..not considering how indiscreetly they talk, before Men of Art, whose proper Terms are, Break that Goose, frust that Chicken. 1726 Gentleman Angler 149 Frushed is a Term used for a Chub or Chevin when it is dressed ; as to Frush, i.e. to Dress. 1787 Best Angling (ed. 2) 168 Frush a chub, dress him. 6. To straighten, set upright (the feathers of an arrow). Obs. exc. Hist. 1548 Hall Citron. (1809) 418 How quikly the Archers bent their bowes and frushed theire feathers. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xix. § 56 The Archers stript vp their sleeues, bent their Bowes, and frushed their feathers. 1877 Miss Yonge Cameos Ser. 111. xx. 189 The archers strung their bows and ‘ frushed ’ their arrows. Hence + Finishing vbl. sb. Obs. 1375 Barbour Bruce xu. 504 At the assemble thair, Sic a frusching of speris wair That fer avay men mycht it her. c 1530 Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 18 Than began great .. frusshyng of speres, & bateryng of harneys w l swerdes. 1562 Bulleyn Dial. Soarttes fy Chir. 39 b, Euery riuyng, or frushyng of mannes fleshe, whiche maie be. .by meanes of a wounde, and without a wounde. 1589 Florio, A mmaccatura .. a frushing together. t Fru shing, ppl. a. Obs. rare. Also 5 Sc. fruschand. [f. Frush v. + -ing 2 .] That breaks or is liable to break ; brittle. c 1470 Henry Wallace 11. 190 O wareide suerd, of tempyr neuir trew, Thi fruschand blaidin presoune sone me threw. Ibid. hi. 147 The shafft to schonkit off the fruschand tre. Hence + Fru’shingly adv. Obs . 1659 Torriano, Affrusto, by shivers, frushingly, piece¬ meal. t Fru*sh.y, a. Obs. Also 8 frushey. [f. Frush + -Y 1 .] Liable to break, brittle, fragile. Cf. Frush a. 1. 1610 W. Folkingham Art 0/Survey 7 The large and loose rained timber of the old Oake and frusshie Ash. 1776 G. emple Building in Water 86 Bog Oak Timber is always found to be frushey. Fruskin, var. ofFRiSKiN, Obs. t Frust (fn?st). Obs. rare. [ad. 'L.frust-um a piece.] A fragment. 1765 Sterne Tr. Shandy VII. xxxi, Such a story affords more pabulum to the brain than all the Frusts, and Crusts, and Rusts of antiquity, which travellers can cook up for it. 1820 Sporting Mag. (N. S.) VI. 165 The top is a mere frust. t Fru ster, a. and sb. Sc. Obs. Also frustar, -ir, -yr. [? Back-formation from Fruster v. or Frustrate.] A. adj. Fruitless, ineffectual, meaningless, vain ; empty of (deeds). Also absol. in fruster : in vain. c 1470 Henry Wallace iv. 345 In frustyr termys I will nocht tarry long. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xlvi. 53 He of natur that wirker wes and king, Wald no thing frustir put. Ibid. lxv. 21 To ws. .in our darkness be lampis in schyning: Or than in frustar is [all] 3our lang leirning. 1508 — Tua Mariit Wemett 190 He has a forme without force, And fair wordis but effect, all fruster of dedis. B. sb. Frustration, disappointment. c 1470 Henry Wallace 1. 313 Quhat suld I spek of frustir? + Fru*ster, v. Obs. [ad. Fr . frustrer, ad. L. frustrari: see Frustrate v.] 1 . trans. To balk or defraud 0/* something due or expected. Also, to falsify (a prediction). 1490 Caxton Eneydos xii. 45 Pygmalyon the wolde haue frustredof the grete tresours and Rychesses that he awayteth to haue of thy somtyme husbande. Ibid. xxii. 80 Prenos- tycatures.. that to her were frustred. 2 . To bring to nought, render useless; to frustrate (an enterprise); to destroy, lay waste, ruin. Also intr. for reft. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xxi. 78 Quhen flude and fyre sail our it frak, And frely frustir feild and fure. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) I. 45 [This] wald be caus sone efterwart perchance The commoun weill to fruster and to faill. 1570 Satir. Poems Reform, xviii. 50 Bot God, that hes thy Maiestie in cure, Will fruster all thair fulische Interprysis. ci6ii Sylvester Du Bartas 11. iv. iv. Decay 1127 Have these .. Withstood your Fury, and repulst your Powrs, Frust’red your Rams, fired your flying Towrs? + Frustilla'tion. Obs. [f. L. frustill-um a small piece + -ation.] A breaking into small pieces. In quot. quasi -concr. something frag¬ mentary. 1653 J* Hall Paradoxes 53 All pleasures here are but petty frustillations. t Frustrable, a. Obs. rare. [ad. late L. frustrdbilis, f. frust rari : see Frustrate zl] Capable of being frustrated or rendered ineffectual. 1674 Hickman Quinquart. Hist. (ed. 2) 176 The Domini¬ cans, from whom it is likely he got nothing agreeable to the Jesuits notion of respective Decrees, and frustrable grace. 1677 Gale Crt. Gentiles iv. 404 The Divine Wil is univer¬ sally efficacious, insuperable, .nor impedible and frustrable in any manner. t Frustra'neous, a. Obs. Also 7 erron. frustaneous. [f. L. type *frustrane-us ( i.frustra in vain) + -ous. Cf. It. and frits traneo.) Vain, useless, ineffectual, unprofitable. a 1643 J* Shute Judgem. $ Mercy (1645) 4 Though hee saw how frustranious [sic] and empty all his intendments and purposes were. 1649 Milton Eikon. 53 A most insuffi¬ cient and frustraneous meanes. 1653 Gauden Hierasp. 74 Frustaneous and vain desires. 1665 G. Harvey Advice agst. Plague 25 This, if frustraneous, is fortified with Diascord. or Laud. Op. a 1711 Ken Hymns Fesliv. Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 317 Their real Substance to evade, And have their Force frustraneous made. 1780 J. Howie Faith/. Contend. Pref. 10 It were frustraneous to insist upon a portrait of that here. Hence + Frnstraneously adv., vainly. 1689 G. Harvey Curing Dis. by Expect. 2 From which the Patient day by day frustraneously expecting relief. Frustrate (frzrstr^t), pa. pple. and ppl. a. arch. Forms: 5-7 frustrat, (bfrustraite), 5-frus¬ trate. [ad. L. frustrdt-us , pa. pple. of frustrari , frustrdre : see next.] Equivalent to the later Frustrated. f A. pa. pple. In various senses of the vb. Obs. In recent archaistic use the word is prob. viewed by the writers as adj.; see the examples under B. 1447 Bokenham Seyutys (Roxb.) 100 So the abbot frustrat went home sory. 1471 Ripley Comp. Alch. v. in Ashm. (1652) 148 That thy labor therfore be not frustrate. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xxxv. 40 Sleipand and walkand wes frustrat my desyr. 1504 Atkynson tr. De Imitatione hi. iii. 197 They be ofte frustrate of that that they truste vpon. 1528 Gardiner in Pocock Rec. Ref. I. 1 . 103 The said Com¬ mission might be. .frustrate and letted. 1529 More Dyaloge iii. Wks. 236/1 Because the cumming together of the Lordes from Grenewiche. .shoulde not bee frustrate. 1540-1 Elyot Dnagc Gov. 24 Noble Germanicus, who shoulde have succeded Tiberius in the empyre, if the treason of Fiso hadde not frustrate the truste of the People. 1555 Eden Decades 66 Beinge thus frustrate of the increase of theyr seedes. 1606 Shaks. Ant. <$• Cl. v. i. 2 Go to him, Dolla- bella, bid him yeeld, Being so frustrate, tell him, He mockes the pawses that he makes. 1642 Milton Apol. Smect. (1851 ) 270 He who would not be frustrate of his hope to write well hereafter in laudable things, ought him selfe to be a true Poem, a 1693 Urquhart Rabelais iii. Prol. 13 He was altogether frustrate and disappointed. B. ppl. a. 1 . a. Bereft or deprived of, or of the chance of ; destitute of. Obs. exc. arch. Cf. Yr.fr ustrL 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 3 Death, .leaveth the body frustrate of feeling. 1587 A. Day Daphnis . (1867) 37 She is as fierce as a Lyon of Cotsolde. She fryeth in hir owne grease. 1684 T. Burnet Th. Earth 11.78 Let..the woods and forests blaze away, and the fat soyl of the earth fry in its own grease; these things will not affect us [the rocks and mountains]. 4 . transf. To undergo the action of fire or intense heat, with effects resembling those of frying; to frizzle, burn with a sputter or exudation of juices. + Formerly often of persons tormented by fire; also hyperbolically. c 1526 Frith Disput. Purgat. (1829) 136 Thinkest thou to be justified by frying in purgatory? 1570 Satir. Poems Reform, xii. 117 Luke gif 3our partie prydis yame in thair spurring, Keipand the feildis, and fryis not in thair furring. 1583 Lyly Pref Ep. in T. Watson's Poems (Arb.) 29 A sworde frieth in the fire like a blacke ele. 1596 Drayton Legends iii. 147 Fuell to that fire, Wherein He fry’d. 1601 B. Jonson Poetaster 1. i, Earth and seas in fire and flame shall fry. 1647 Trapp Comm. Matt. vii. 6 The Smiths forge fries, when cold water is cast upon it. 1656 Cowley Mistress , Incurable ii, As well might men who in a feaver fry, Mathematique doubts debate. 1664 Waller Late War Spain 84 Spices and Gums about them melting fry. a 1711 Ken Imitat. Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 529 Tho’ frying where the Sun all Day Shoots perpendicular fierce Ray. 1715 Bentley Serin . x. 358 What Heart could bear that his dead Father should fry in the flames of Purgatory ? 1886 A. Win- chell Walks $ Talks Geol. Field 152 Caking-coals, when ignited, seem to fry with an exudation of a fluid petroleum. b. with advbs. up } out expressing the result of heating. 1630 May Lucan v. 471 The metalls melted by the Sunne, fry’d vp. 1694 Acc. Late Voy. 11. (1711) 177 When the Fat is well tryed or fryed out. 1816 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 1 The heat of the stove made the rosin in the wood to fry out. c. fig. Of a person : To burn with strong passion or emotion. Also refi. in same sense. 1573 Satir. Poems Reform, xl. 163 Thay fryit in furie that he schaipit quick. 1583 Stanyhurst AEneis 1. (Arb.) 19 Thus she frying fretted, thus deepely plunged in anger iEolian kingdoom shee raught. 1591 Lyly Endym. v. iii, In the moment that I feared his falshood and fried myself most in mine affections. 1646 Sir R. Fanshawe tr. Guarino's Pastor Fido (1676) 192 The happiest Pair that this day fry Under the torrid Zone of Love. 1648 Jos. Beaumont Psyche 1. ccxviii, Whether she walks, or sits, or stands, or lies, Her wretched self still in her self she fries. 1767 Bcibler I. 97, I sat frying the whole time, from a con¬ scious incapacity to please. 1771 Smollett Humph, Cl. (1815) 62 My uncle, frying with vexation, cried, [etc.]. 1842 T. Martin in Fraser's Mag. Dec. XXVI. 652/2 ,1 lay frying with impatience to hear the clatter of cups. + d. said of a feeling, passion, etc. Obs. 1563 B. Googe Eglogs (Arb.) 83 Here fyre and flames by Fancie framde, In brest doo broyle and frye. 1581 T. Howell Deuises (1879) 176 Thus loue at once doth frye, freeze, ryse and fall, a 1632 Fairfax (Ogilvie), What kindling motions in their breasts do fry. + 5 . Of water: To be agitated, boil, seethe, foam. Obs. 1590 Spenser F. Q. 11. xii. 45 Ye might have seene the frothy billowes fry Vnder the ship. 1697 Dryden AEneid vii. 737 Thus, when a black-brow’d gust begins to rise, White foam at first on the curl’d ocean fries. tb. To ferment; to seethe (in the stomach). Of lime : To slake. Obs. 1624 Capt. Smith Virginia nr. ii. 44 As much barley boyled with water for a man a day, and this having fryed some 26 weekes in the ships hold, contained as many wormes as graines. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 52 To keep the Oyle from frying in the Stomach, you must drinke. . Milde Beere after it. 1647 Trapp Mellificittm Theol. in Comm. Ep. 619 Cast water upon this lime, it will fry the faster. Hence Frying ppl. a. 1587 Turberv. Trag. T. (1837) 12 % Whose frying hartes With Cupids coles did melte. 1592 Greene Mamillia 11. Wks. (Grosart) II. 175 So discontinuance should be of sufficient force to quench out y e frying flames of loue. Fry (frai), v .' 1 rare— 1 , [f. Fry sb. 1 ] intr. To swarm. 1816 L. Hunt Rimini 11. 171 Plashy pools with rushes, About whose sides the swarming insects fry, Opening with noisome din, as they go by. + Fry berry. Obs. rare — 1 . A raspberry. C1532 Dewes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 1073 Fruites, as cheres..strauberis, fryberis [F .framboises]. Fryce, obs. form of Frieze sbA Fryer, frier (fraroi). [f. Fry vA + -er 1 .] 1 . One who fries (fish) ; also a vessel used in fry¬ ing (fish). More fully fish-frier : see Fish sbA 6 d. 1859 Sala Tw. round Clock (1861) 18 Offal [fish] is bought only by the ‘fryers’. 1884 Health Exhib. Catal. p. lvii/2 Four Large Fish Fryers. 2 . pi. Fish for frying. 1851 Mayhew Loud. Labour I. 166 This supply is known in the trade as ‘ friers ’, and consists of the overplus of a fishmonger’s stock. Frying (frsrig), vbl. sb. [f. Fry vA + -ing 1 .] 1. The action of the vb. Fry. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. 1 . 187/86 pat grece of him orn a-brod : ase pei it frijnge were. 1340 Ayenb. 23 pis zenne is pe dyeules panne of helle huerinne he makep his friinges. 1535 Coverdale 1 Chron. xxv. 29 For the pannes, for y 3 fryenge. 1633 P. Fletcher Contemnenti 2 Chill icie frosts in midst of Summer’s frying. 1829 Marryat F. Mildmay ii, The frying of beef-steaks and onions. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge ii, There stole upon him from the distant kitchen a gentle sound of frying. 2. at trib. and Comb., as frying-piece, Frying-pan. 1890 19 th Cent. Nov. 838 The orderly corporal slices off a frying piece and has it cooked for his breakfast. Frying-pan. [f. Frying vbl. sb .] 1. A shallow pan, usually of iron, with a long handle, in which food is fried. 1382 Wyclif i Chron. xxiii. 29 The prestis.. to the fryinge panne [Vulg. adsartaginem]. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. cxxviii. (145^)936 Sartago the fryenge panne hath that name of the noys that is therin whan oyle brennyth therin. 1481-90 HowardHouseh. Bks. (Roxb.) 129 Item, for a frying pane x.d. 1545 Raynold Byrth Mankynde in. iii. (1634) 167 That that remaineth, fry it together in a Frying panne with Suger. 1624 Capt. Smith Virginia iii. v. 58 For want of nets, .we attempted to catch them [fish] with a frying pan. 1719 D’Urfey /Y/& (1872) V. 38 Frying-Pans they do use for Ladles. 1806 Culiua 218 Melt a piece of butter in a frying-pan. .pour in the above preparation. 1865 Living¬ stone Zambesi xxvii. 564 Which, .resembled the noise of fifty fryingpans in active operation. fig. 1602 Narcissus (1893) 643 O frieng panne of all fritters of fraud. i6i6-6x Holyday Persius (1673) 296 This hissing frying-pan of speach. b. Phrase (To jump , leap, etc.) out of the frying- pan into the fire : to escape from one evil only to fall into a greater one. 1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 488/2 [He] featly con- uayed himself out of the frying panne fayre into the fyre. 1546 J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1874) 126 Leape out of the frying pan into the fyre; and change from il paine to worse. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage 1. vi. (1614)32 Like., the foolish fish that leapeth out of the frying pan into the fire. 1705 Hickeringill Pricst-cr. 1. (1721) 32 Priest-craft got the Ascendant at Rome, and then Men were—out of the Frying Pan into the Fire. 1890 Guardian 1 Oct. 1507/3 If they thought they could get away from the State by dis¬ establishment, they would find that they were jumping out of the frying-pan into the fire. 2 . attrib. and Comb., as fry ing fan maker-, fry¬ ing-pan brand {Austral.'), ‘a large brand used by cattle-stealers to cover the owner’s brand’ (Morris); frying-pan plate, ? a piece of tin-plate cut out to be made into a frying-pan. 1686 .Plot Staffordsh. ix. 335 Nine fryingpan-plates being commonly laid upon one another and claspt together by turning up 4 Labells. Ibid. 336 There are but two Master Frying-pan makers..in the whole Kingdom. 1857 F. De B. Cooper WildAdv. A astral. 104 This person, .got into some trouble, .by using a ‘ frying-pan brand ’. + Fry money. Obs. ? -frith silver (see Frith sb. 1 b). • 53 ° in Weaver Wells Wills (1890) 115 Debts .. Rob Far¬ mer, and Jone Portyn wedowe, of fry mony iij Ii. vjj. viij d. Fryse, obs. form of Frieze sb . 1 Fryst, Fryze, obs. forms of First, Frteze sbA Fuage, var. of Feu age, Obs., hearth-tax. 1765 [see Fumage]. Fuants, var. of Fiants, Obs. 1674 N. Cox Gent/. Recreat. 1. (1677) 12 Of a Fox, the Billiting; and all other such Vermin, the Fuants. Fub, var. of Fob v. f to cheat, impose upon, put ^deceitfully (in quot. 1619, ? to reject with scorn). 1597, 1602, 1647 [see Fob v. 1 ]. 1619 Fletcher M. Thomas II. ii, My letter fubb’d too, And no access without I mend my manners ! 1639 Massinger Unnat. Combat, iii. i, Well, I must not Be fubb’d off thus. 1889 Stevenson Master ofi B. 74 Our Albanian fubbed us off with a thousand delays. Fub(b, fub(b, S. [onomatopoeic : suggested by full, chub, etc.] ■fl. A small chubby person. Chiefly used as a term of endearment. Obs. 1614 T. Freeman Rub <$■ Great Cast xliv, Caspia, that same fowle deformed Fubs. 1678 Otway Friendship in F. III. i, So farewell Fubb. 1681 — Soldiers Fort . 1. i, Dead, my poor Fubses ! 1685 Crowne Sir C. Nice v. 48 ’Tis he that I told you is to marry my Indian Fubs of a Sister. 1694 Echard Plautus, Rudens 11. viii, Here’s the Water, my little Fubs ye ! 1721 Bailey, Fub, as a fat Fub, a little plump Child. 2 . (See quots.) 1807 Public Char.,Ld. Somerville 213 It is the custom in Spain and adopted here with our Merino wool, to divide or sort the fleece into three portions of different qualities, namely into rafinos, finos, and terceros ; or superfine, fine, and fubs or refuse. 1882 Lane. Gloss., Fub, long withered grass on old pastures or meadows. t Firbbery, Obs. rare. Cf. Fobbery. [f. Fub v. + -ERY.] Cheating, deception. 1604 Marston & Webster Malcontent 1. i, O heaven ! O fubbery, fubbery 1 t Fubble, v. Obs. rare~ l . [onomatopoeic: cf. fumble .] trans. ? To jumble (up). 1611 Cotgr., Entretouille. .intangled, fubbled, confounded. Eniretouiller, to mingle, intangle, confound, fubble vp things together. Fubby (fo'bi), a. rare. [f. FubjA + -y 1 . Cf. Fobby.] = Fubsy. x 79° J* Williams Shrove Tuesday (1794) 12 Th’ Idalian urchin and his fubby crew. 1815 Nichols Lit. A need. 18 th C. IX. 339 note, The Sculptors and Painters apply this epithet to children, and say for instance of the boys of Fiam- mengo, that they are fubby. 1867 R. S. Hawker Prose Wks. (1893) 144 A ruddy-visaged widow..fubby and inter- jectional in figure. Fu'bsical, a. rare- 1 , [f. Fubsy + -ic + -al.] == Fubsy. 1834 Beckford Italy II. 51 A fubsical, squat wife. Fubsy (fy'bzi), a. Also 8 fubsey, 9 fubzy. [f. Fub(s + -y k] Of the figure, limbs, etc.: Fat and squat. 1780 Mad. D’Arblay Diary Apr., Her daughter, a fubsy, good-humoured, .merry old maid. 1826 J. Wilson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 I. 261 Fat and fubzy fellows of colleges. 1829 Dk. Buckhm. Priv. Diary III. vii. 159 A fat, fubsy foot, as unsentimental as could be. 1879 Sala Paris herself again (1880) II. iv. 57 She was a squat, fubsy little old woman. 1895 Spectator 23 Nov. 723 To hold and confess the opposite opinion is to announce oneself a fubsy Philistine. transf. 1837 Marryat Dogfend viii, He was. .cosily.. seated upon the. .little fubsy sofa. Fucaceous (fi«ki.] Intoxicated ; also, muddled. 1656 H. More Enthus. Triumph. 7 They would consider of it first both welnigh fuddled and sober. 1693 Dryden Juvenal vi. 420 Full Brimmers to their Fuddled Noses thrust. 1730-46 Thomson A utumn 537 The table floating round, And pavement, faithless to the fuddled foot. 1830 Boston Gas. 26 Oct. 4, I was not drunk, I was only fuddled. 1865 Livingstone Zambesi v. 117 Our men soon pacified the fuddled but good-humoured medico. Fuddler (fWlai). [f. Fuddle v. + -er 1 .] One j who fuddles, a tippler. 1699 Bentley Phal. iii. 125 What Present could be more proper to such a Fuddler than, .one of the biggest of Cups? 1764 Low Life 32 For the Use of., conceited Fudlers. , 1812 W. Tennant Anster F. 1. xix, I’ll not have you, thou fuddler. Fu’ddling, vbl. sb. [f. Fuddle v. + -ing 1 .] 1 . The action of the vb. Fuddle. 1665 J. Webb Stone-Heng (1725) 225 His other Fables, of Electing, Feasting, Fudling, Fidling, they are beneath us. 1670 J. Furly Test. to True Light 24 Go not a Fudling, but fear the Lord. 1871 C. Gibbon Lack 0/Gold xxx, The fuddling commenced in earnest. 2 . atirib. and Comb., as fuddling-bout, -cap,-liquor, - table, - tent ; fuddling-crib, -school, a drinking den. 1708 Motteux Rabelais v. ix, We went back to have t’other ^fuddling Bout, c 1600 Songs Costume (Percy) 119 The ^fuddling cap, by Bacchus’ might, Turns night to day, and day to night. 1738 Genii. Mag. VIII. 80 The Parson hath lost his Fuddling-cap. 1856 Househ. Words XIII. 544 Saunders's ^fuddling crib was a double hovel. 1707 Sloane Jamaica I. p. xxix, The common *fuddling liquor .. is Rum-punch. 1680 Morden Geog. Red. (1685) 333 The Greeks .. keep *Fudling Schools for the Mariners. 1708 T. Ward Eng. Ref. (1716) 37 Transform’d the..Altars into * Fuddling Tables. 1683-4 Frost of 1683-4 (Percy) 6 Where ships and barges used to frequent Now may you see a booth or ^fuddling tent. Fuddling (iv&Xvf), ppl. a. [f.asprec. + -ING 2 .] That fuddles, tippling. 1654 R* Whitlock Zootomia 93 Fudling Gossips. 1662-3 Pepys Diary 24 Mar., A fuddling, troublesome fellow. 1852 Thackeray Esmond 1. xi, Fuddling squires from the country round. Fude, obs. form of Feud 1, Food. Fudge (ftfds), int. and sb. [Origin obscure. The int. as used by Goldsmith (quot. 1766) seems from the context merely to represent an inarticulate expression of indignant disgust, though later writers who adopted it from him use it with a more definite meaning. The sb. appears to have been developed partly from the int., and partly from Fudged. The etymology suggested in the annexed quot. 1700 can hardly be correct, though Captain Fudge, ‘ by some called Lying Fudge’, {Letter of 1664 in Crouch Posthuma Christiana 1712, p. 87) was a real person (the surname is still common in Dorset). The nautical phrase ‘ You fudge it ’, associated in 1700 with the name of the mendacious captain, prob. belongs to Fudge v. i. In a dialogue of 1702, ‘The Present Condition of the English Navy’, one of the interlocutors is called ‘Young Fudg of the Admiralty’, perh. with allusion to the same verb. 1700 Remarks on the Navy in D’lsraeli Cur. Lit., Neology (1841), There was, sir, in our time one Captain Fudge, .who . .always brought home his owners a good cargo of lies, so much that now aboard ship the sailors, when they hear a great lie told, cry out, ‘ You fudge it ’.] A. hit. Stuff and nonsense ! Bosh! 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. xi, The very impolite behaviour of Mr. Burchell, who .. at the conclusion of every sentence would cry out Fudge ! c 1818 Peel in Croker Papers (1884) I. iv. 116 To all the latter part of your letter I answer. .Fudge. 1842 Barham Ingol. Leg., Bloudie Jacke , But others cry ‘fudge’. 1876 F. E. Trollope Charming Fellozo I. xv. 200 Anything of consequence to say? Fudge ! He is coming begging. B. Sb. 1 . Contemptible nonsense, * stuff’, bosh. 1791 Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest x, That is all fudge to frighten you. 1838 Lowell Lett. (1894) I. 28 As for my dependence on my own powers, 'tis all fudge. 1865 E. C. Clayton Cruel Fortune II. 105, I only hope your marriage will cure you of your silly fudge. 2 . A made-up story, a deceit. 1797 Mrs. A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl (1813) III. 112 But that must be all a fudge; because, you see, he did not over¬ take you. 1841 Lytton Nt. <$• Morn. 11. vii, Very genteel young man—prepossessing appearance—(that’s a fudge !) highly educated. 1878 Emerson Misc. Papers, Fort. Republ. Wks. (Bohn) III. 399 ’Tis a wild democracy; the riot of mediocrities and dishonesties and fudges. 3 . An impostor, humbug. 1794 Mrs. A. M. Bennett Ellen III. 132 What an old fudge ! You won’t give her up, I hope, Charles. Fudge (fod^), v. [app. an onomatopoeic altera¬ tion of Fadge v., with vowel expressive of more clumsy action.] 1 . traits. To fit together or adjust in a clumsy, makeshift, or dishonest manner ; to patch or ‘ fake ’ up; to ‘cook’ accounts. Often in schoolboy lan¬ guage: To make (a problem) look as if it had been correctly worked, by altering figures ; to con¬ ceal the defects of (a map or other drawing) by adjustment of the parts, so that no glaring dis¬ proportion is observed; and in other like uses. Cf. Fadge v. 3. Often with up. The first quot. is open to doubt, as the word may be a misprint for J ridged . 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk $ Selv. Ep. Ded., They may. .be.. fudged up into such a smirkish liveliness, as may last as long as the Summers warmth holds on. 1771 Luckombe Printing 4J8 Fudge , to contrive without necessary Materials or do Work in a bungling Manner. 1861 Sala Dutch Pictures xvi. 255 Do they go to chapel in surplices, and fudge impositions? 1867 Miss Braddom Birds of Prey 1. ii, Any one who can fudge up the faintest pretence of a claim to it. 1879 F. Pollok Sport Brit. Bunnah II. 99 They fudged their accounts so as to give little or no trouble to the almighty control department. 1886 C. D. Warner Their Pilgrim, xiv. 297 A stout resolute matron .. with a lot of cotton lace fudged about her neck. 1890 W. West- cott in Brit. Med. Jrnl. 15 Mar. 620 The root of the white bryony .. is sometimes fudged up by dealers to imitate the mandrake root. absol. 1888 Rye Record-searching 9 Straining coinci¬ dences, presuming identities, and fudging judiciously. b. To thrust in awkwardly or irrelevantly; to foist in. 1776 Foote Bankmpt in. Wks. 1799 II. 128 That last suppose is fudged in. 1824 Blaclnu. Mag. XVI. 708 This adjected part of the plan, which has been fudged in with so much unnecessary haste. c. Naut. To fudge a day's work : to work a dead reckoning by rapid ‘ rule of thumb ’ methods. 1830 Marryat King's Own viii, He could fudge a day's work. 1836 — Midsh. Easy xviii, Before they arrived at Malta, Jack could fudge a day’s work. 2 . intr. To fit in with what is anticipated, come off; also, to turn out, result ; = Fadge v. 4. Is fadge the true reading in these passages ? 1615 Chamberlain Let. 15 June in Crt. <$• Times Jas. I (1849) L 366 Sir Fulk Greville is once more in speech to be made a baron., but, if that fudge not, the Bishop of Win¬ chester is in the way to be lord privy seal. 1829 Scott Jrnl. 2 Feb., We will see how this will fudge. 1831 Ibid. 20 Jan., We will see how the matter fudges. 3 . [f. Fudge int. or sbi] To talk nonsense, tell ‘ crams \ Also quasi -trans. 1834 Tait's Mag. I. 205 The Duchess, .feeds, flatters and fudges them into allegiance. 1884 Chester Gloss., Fudge, to talk nonsense; especially with the intent to cram another person. Hence Fudged///, a., Fu’dging vbl.sb. i860 R. F. Burton Centr. Afr. I. v. 132 He had., an addiction to ‘ fudging ’, which rendered the severest over¬ seeing necessary. 1885 Rye Hist. Norfolk 226 A lot of fudged heraldry. 1895 Edin. Rev. Apr. 465 A circular dome can easily be raised with only a little fudging of the surfaces. Pudge-wheel. [?f. Fudge v.+ Wheel sb.'} (See quot.) 1874 Knight Did. Mech. I. 921 Fudge-wheel (Shoe¬ making), a tool to ornament the edge of a sole. Pudgy (fo-dgi), a. [? f. Fudge v. + -y 1 .] 1 . Fretful, irritable, uneasy. 1819 Blackw.RIag. V. 677 [He] kept running to and fro like a wasp without a sting, very fierce and fudgy. 1883 Hants Gloss, s.v., They young cows are apt to be fudgy in milking. 2 . U.S. Botched, bungling, awkward. 1872 C. D. Warner Saunterings (1883) 156 There is some fashion, in a fudgy quaint way, here in Munich. Fueillemort(e: see Feuillemorte, Filemot. Fuel (fi/ 7 *el), sb. Forms : 4-5 fewaile, 5-6 -all, 5-8 -el(l, 4-5 fowayle, 5 -aly, -el(l, 4 Sc. fwaill, 4-7 fuell (e, 8 feuel, 7- fuel. [a. OF. fowaille, feuaile popular ~L.focdlia , neut. pi. of focdlis adj., f. focus fire : see Focus. In the mediaeval Lat. of France and England focalia \>\.,focale or focalium sing., frequently occur in charters with reference to the obligation to furnish or the right to demand supplies of fuel.] 1 . Material for burning, combustible matter as used in fires, etc. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xv. cix. (1495) 528 In many places the grounde is glewy : and of it they make good fuell. c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xxvii. 126 Men..driez bestez dung and brynnez for defaute of fewaile. c 1450 Bk. Curtasye 385 in Babecs Bk. 311 Fuelle ]>at schalle brenne In halle. 1548 Forrest Pleas. Poesye 347 Meate, clothe, and fewell withe the same to bye. 1632 Lithgow Trav. x. 497 Divers kinds of Coale, and earth fewell. 1727 Swift Gulliver in. i. 180 Dry grass and sea-weed which 1 intended for feuel. 1815 Elphinstone Acc. Caubul (1842) I. 381. Shrubs, which.. serve for fuel. 1827 Faraday Chem. Manip. iv. 98 The fuel to be used in furnaces, .coal, coke, and char¬ coal. r In the poem of Coer de Lion, which contains the earliest known examples of the word in Eng., it seems to be used for ‘victuals, provisions', perh. by a misinterpretation of the OF. phrase bouche et fouaille ‘ meat and fuel’, which seems to have been current as a general expression for the necessaries of life ; cf. the quots. from Barbour below. 13. . Coer de L. 1471 No man selle hem no fowayle. Ibid. 1545 ‘ Swylk fowayle as we bought yistyrday, For no catel get I may.’ Rychard aunsweryd .. ‘ Off"froyt here is gret plente ! ’. 1375 Barbour Bruce iv. 64 The castell weill vittalit thai. With met and fwaill can purvay. Ibid. 170 [Thai] na wittaill na fwaill had. b. fig .; esp. something that serves to feed or inflame passion, excitement, or the like. c 1580 C’tess Pembroke Ps. cxlvii. 3 [He] Fuell of life to mountaine cattaile yieldes. 1596 Drayton Legends iii. 147 My blandishments were Fuell to that fire. 1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. in. 206 They foment, and adde fuell to their inimicitious qualities. 1681 Temple Mem. iii. Wks. 1731 I. 339 Lord Shaftsbury had been busie in pre¬ paring Fewel for next Session. 1709 Steele Taller No. 150 T 6 Where each Party is always laying up Fuel for Dis- sention. 1818 Jas. Mill Brit. India II. iv. viii. 273 This elevation added fuel to the ambition of Hyder. 1835THIRL- wall Greece I. viii. 299 Enjoyments which could supply fuel to private cupidity. 1855 Bain Senses <$• Int. in. iii. § 13 Difficulty adds fuel to the flame. I 2 . (With a and pi.) A kind of fuel. + Also pi. in collective sense, articles serving as fuel. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 775 Turf, and Peat, and Cow-sheards are cheap Fewels, and last long, a 1694 M. Robinson Autobiog. (1856) 60 That none should be troublesome to their neighbours by cutting their wood or breaking their fuels. 1776 Adam Smith W. N. i. xi. n. (1869) I. 176 Coals are a less agreeable fuel than wood. 1858 Lardnf.r Hand • bk. Nat. Phil. 386 This fuel, like coal, consists principally of carbon and hydrogen in various proportions. 1894 Daily Ne^vs 25 May 2/6 Mr. G. Stockfleth read a paper on * Liquid Fuels ’. 3 . attrib . and Comb., as fuelforest, -house, fog, -wood. 1895 Daily News 16 May 6/5 A French *fuel forest. 1807 Vancouver Agric. Devon (1813) 473 *Fuel-house. 1897 Mary Kingsley W. Africa 126 One half of her deck is dedicated to *fuel logs. 1668 Wilkins Real Char. 330 Hay, Straw, *Fewel wood. 1823 in Cobbett Rur. Rides (1885) L 361 There is a good deal of fuel-wood. c. Special comb.: + fuel-bear (see quot. and Bier) ; fuel-economizer, a contrivance for saving fuel in an engine or furnace; fuel-feeder (see quot.); fuel-gas, gas intended for use as fuel. 1612 Sturtevant Metallica (1854) 117 The *Fewell-beare is a generall part of a Furnace which beareth and holdeth the fewell and fire. 1880 Engineering 2 Apr. 262 An arrange¬ ment of *fuel economiser. 1874 Knight Did. Mech. I. 921 * Fuel-feeder, a device for feeding fuel in graduated quanti¬ ties to a furnace. 1886 Jrnl. Franklin Inst . CXXI. 311 Some form of *fuel-gas will be manufactured to take its place. Fuel (fi? 7 *el), v. [f. prec. sb.] 1 . trans. To feed or furnish with fuel. lit. and fig. c 1592 Marlowe Massacre Paris 1. i, The native sparks of princely love. .May still be fuell’d in our progeny. 1609 W. M. Man in Moone (1849) 12 Fivechimnies, well fewel’d, vent not more smoake then his mouth and nostrils. 1647 Cowley Mistress , Despair ii, That dreadful Name, Which fewels the infernal Flame. a 1711 Ken Hymnarium Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 130 Wealth fuel’d Sin. 1733 Cheyne Eng. Malady 11. viii. § 8 (1734) 204 Neglecting the Means, or fuelling the Disease by a Mal-regimen. 1811 W. R. Spencer Poems 120 Whose fires are not lighted and fuel’d by Love. 1817 Coleridge Sibyl. Leaves (1862) 129 The magic cauldron of a fervid and ebullient fancy, constantly fuelled by an unexampled opulence of language. 1859 Ld. Lytton Wanderer 169 We fuel ourselves, I conceive, The fire the Fiend lights. 1869 Blackmore Lorna D. xvi, I would not put a trunk of wood on the fire in the kitchen, but let Annie, .fuel it. 2 . intr. To get fuel. 1880 Dixon Windsor IV. ii. 14 Poor people had enjoyed the right of fuelling in the park. t Firelist. Obs. rare. [f. Fuel + -ist.] One who supplies fuel. 1664 Evelyn Sylva (1776) 538 First that our Fuelist begin with the Underwood. 1736 in Bailey (folio). Fuellage, obs. form of Foliage. Fuelled (fm-eld), ppl. a. [f. Fuel + -ed h] Furnished with fuel. 1624 Wotton Elem. Arch, in Reliq. (1651) 203 Some [of the precepts for well-building] are plainly Oeconomicall; as that the seat be well-watered and well fuelled. 1667 Milton P. L.i. 234 Thundring ./Etna, whose combustible And fewel’d entrals, etc. 1730-46 Thomson Autumn 502 The fuel’d chimney blazes wide. 1772 Murphy Grecian Dan. iv. ii, The fuelled entrails [of mount ./Etna] summon all their rage. Fueller (fi?7 - el3.i). Now rare. [f. Fuel v. + -erI.] One who or that w’hich supplies fuel for fires. Also, the domestic who makes the fires, and fig. 14.. Nom. in Wr.-Wulcker 688/32 Hiefocarius , a fewyller. 1483 Cath. Angl. 145/1 Fueller (A. Feweller), focarius. 1591 Percivall Sp. Did., Lehador , a fueller, a wood carrier. 1601 Chettle & Munday Death Earl of Hunt¬ ington i«. in Hazl. Dodsley VIII. 235 See the fueller Suffer the cook to want no wood, a 1603 T. Cartwright Confut. Rhem. N. T. (1618) 738 Let vs see what fine fuellers they be in the Popes kichen that they can make the Purgatorie fire so cunningly. 1647 C. Harvey Sch. Heart (Grosart) 122 See how hell’s fueller his bellowes plies Blowing the fire that burnt too fast before. 1720 Strype Stow's Sum. (1754) II. v. xiv. 313/2 The Carmen .. were incorporated with the people called Fuellers by the name of woodmongers. 1892 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 5 May, The fuelers .. desire to help the cargo loaders. Fuelless (fi* 7 -el,les), a. [f. Fuel sb. + -less.] Destitute of fuel. 1897 Sat. Rev. LXXXIII. 251/2 The party entered the fuel less wastes of the Barren Land. t Fu’ellize, v. Obs. [f. FueljA + -ize.] trans. To supply with fuel, feed. 1631 R. H. A rraign?n. Whole Creature v. 33 Whom the ordinary Creatures cannot content in fuellizing and refresh¬ ing Nature. Ibid. xiii. § 2. 203 Imagining to satisfie Lust, by fuellizing and feeding it. Fuerse, obs. form of Fierce. Fuff (fof), sb. Chiefly Sc. [f. next vb.] 1 . A puff of wind ; also a sound resembling this; the 1 spit ’ of a cat; a whiff (of tobacco-smoke). 1535 Lyndesay Satyrc 2137 Ane fistand fia^; a flagartie fuffe. 1804 Tarras Poems 67 Something bin’ her wi’ a skyte, Gat up, an’ gied a fuff. 1816 Scott Antiq. ix, ‘The ghaist .. then disappeared like a fuff o’ tobacco.’ 1881 Stevenson Thrawn Janet in Cornhill Mag. XLIV. 443 ‘There cam’a clap o’ wund, like a cat’s fuff.’ 1895 United Prcsb. Mag. Apr. 167 The stillness was unbroken save by the cheerful fuff of the fire. 2 . A burst of ill temper ; ‘ huff’, ‘ fume’. 1834 Carlyle Let. 28 Jan. in Froude Remin. (1882) II. 410 What a miserable fuff thou gettest into, poor old exas¬ perated politician ! 1838 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. (1883) I. 102, FUFF. 584 FtJGITATION I have put the Stimabile in a great fuff. 1893 Stevenson Catriona 235 The causelessness of all this fuff stirred my own bile. 3 . ? A soft feathery mass. (Ci. fluff.) 1700 S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. hid. 47 The Leaves [of the coco-nut tree] spread themselves all in a fuff, and the Nutts under them. Fuff (f»f),w. Sc. and dial, [echoic. Cf. Faffle, faff dial.] 1. inti-. To puff. Said of a breeze, fire, etc.; also, of a person in anger or out of breath. Also, to fume and fuff, fuff and pegh. 1513 Douglas AEneis vm. vii. 120 The hait fyr Dois fuf and blaw in blesis byrnand schyr. 1721 Ramsay Elegy Patie Birnie iii, When strangers landed .. Fuffin an pegh- ing, he wad gang, And crave their pardon that sae lang He’d been a coming. 1756 Mrs. Calderwood Jml. vii. (1884) 204 She fuffed and kindled, if they but opened their mouth. 1819 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd (1827) 160 For ane that gat in o’ that rout, Ten fuffin’ stood a while thairout. 1822 Hogg Perils of Man II. 30 He brings me in mind o’ a barrel o’ beer, fuming and luffing. 1864 Athenaeum No. 1928. 456/2 It was a smithy, fuffing, glow¬ ing. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Fuff, to puff, as a breeze does, b. To go aivay or ^with a puff. lit. and fig. 1822 Galt Sir A. Wylie III. xviii. 150 ‘ He fuffed awa wi a’ his gowd and gear to Miss Jenny *. 189a Northumbld. Gloss, s.v., The poother fuffed off iv a jiffy. 2 . Of a cat or tiger: To ‘ spit \ a 1693 [see the vbl. sb.]. 1840 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. (1883) I. 124 Coiled up and fuffing like a young tiger about to spring. 3 . trans. To puff (a tobacco-pipe). Also, to send out (steam) with a fuff. 1787 Burns Halloween xiii, She fuff’t her pipe wi’ sic a lunt. 1818 Scott Hrt. Midi, xlv, ‘Reuben Butler isna the man I take him to be, if he disna learn the Captain to fuff his pipe some other gate than in God’s house.’ 1894 Crocicett Raiders 240 The pot boiled and fuffed out little puffs of steam. Hence Fu ffing vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 1687 Colvil Whigs Supp/ic. ( 1751) 151 Batrons. .Dothfall a fuffing, and a mewing, While monkeys are the chesnuts chewing, a 1693 Urquhart Rabelais 111. xiii. 107 Mioling of Tygers, bruzzing of Bears, sussing [read fuffing (Jam.)] of Kitnings. 1822 Hogg Perils of Man II. 231, ‘ 1 should hae said something in return, but.. I was like to fa' to the fuffing and greeting.' 1895 Crockett MenofMosshags 165 ‘Them that steals.. burns in muckle hell—bleezin’ up in fuffin’ lowes.’ Fuff (fof). interj. Sc. a. Used to imitate a sound, b. An exclamation of contempt. 1780 Maynf. Siller Gun 11. xli, Fuff play’d the priming— heels owr ither, They fell in shairn ! 1804 Tarras Poems 4 Fuff, Robie man ! chear up your dowie saul ! Fuffle (fo‘f’ 1 ), v. Sc. rare, [onomatopoeic.] trans. To throw into disorder; to jerk about; to hustle, treat with contumely. Hence Fivffled ppl. a. Also Pivffle sb., violent exertion, fuss. 1536 Lyndesay A nsw. Kingis Fly ting 54 That feynd, with fuffilling of hir roistit hoch, Caist doun the fat. 1635 D. Dickson Pract. Writ. (1845) I. 177 Thou must be content instead of favour to be fuffled. 1801 Hogg Sc. Pastorals 14 When muckle Pate, wi’ desp’rate fuffle, Had at Poltowa won the scuffle. 1819 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd (1827) 66 He saw the Vicar.. In fuffel’d garb, and plicht ungainly. Fuffy (farfi), a. Sc. and north, dial. [f. Fuff sb. + - Yl J 1 . Light and soft. 1824 in Craven Gloss. 1851 S. Judd Margaret xvii. (1871) 147 She mounted the high, white, fuffy plain [of snow]. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Fuffy, light, soft, and fraught with dust, like a fuzz-ball. 2 . ‘ Huffy * touchy \ 1858 M. Porteous Souter Johnny 30 Nocht invites Your fuffy hardship, mair nor see His Satellites. II Fufu {in'iu). West African. (See quots.) 1863 Wand. W. Africa II. 144 ‘ Fufu ’ is composed of yam, plaintain, or casava; it is peeled, boiled, pounded and made into balls. 1888 Daily News 17 July 5/3 Plantains .. form the staple of food with the natives, who beat them up into fufu. Fug, Sc. form of Fog sb . 1 Fugacious (fk/g^-Jos),**. Also 7 -atious. [f. L • fugdei-, fiigax (f. fugere to flee) + -ous.] 1 . Apt to flee away or flit. a. Of immaterial things: Tending to disappear, of short duration; evanescent, fleeting, transient, fugitive. 1634 Rainbow Labour (1635) A ij, Fugatious words, which escape the eares pursuit. . a 1677 Barrow Scrrn. Wks. 1716 111 . 53 A thing most fugacious and slippery. 1722 Wollaston Relig. Nat. ix. 206 With at best only a few deceitful, little, fugacious pleasures interspersed. 1774 Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry xli. III. 433, I owe this information to the manuscript papers of these fugacious anecdotes. 1817 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. XLIV. 234 There is in the affection of poetic readers a something very fugacious. 1855 Ht. Martineau Autobiog. (1877) II. 226 The fugacious nature of life and time. 1865 Mill Exa?n. Hamilton 203 Colours, tastes, smells, .being, in comparison, fugacious. b. Of persons: + Ready to run away. Also humorously (of persons), fleeing; (of things) slip¬ pery. rare. 1651 J. F[reake] Agrippa's Occ. Philos. 557 The most fugatious of all the Gods. 1872 Howells Wedd. Joum. 81 The oily slices of fugacious potatoes slipping about in the dish. 1885 IIarper's Mag. Feb. 367/1 Aunt.. chuckled away to herself at the retrospect of her own fugacious figure. c. Of a material substance : Volatile. 167X J. Webster Metallogr. viii. 126 This primum ens .. is a fugacious spirit. 1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. vi. 198 The fugacious poison departs as the Serum breaks out. 1794 G. Adams Nat. <5- Exp. Philos. I. xi. 433 No one .. has analyzed the fugacious element of air with more success. 1823 Mechanic's Mag. No. 10. 160 From the highly fugacious nature of that part of coffee on which its fine flavour depends. 2. BoU and Zool. Falling or fading early; soon cast off. Cf. Caducous i. x 75 ° G. Hughes Barbadoes 35 An immoderate use of crude fugacious fruits..will likewise occasion a Diarrhoea. 1796 Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) IV. 288 Curtain white, delicate, fugacious, hanging in fragments at the edge of the ileus. 1796 C. Marshall Garden, ii. (1813) 16 Seed., may e extreemly fugacious by its slight adhesion to the plant. 1874 Cooke Fungi (1875) 18 In some Agarics the ring is very fugacious or absent altogether. 1877-84 F. E. Hulme Wild FI. Ser. 1. p. xiv, Petals, .very fugacious. Hence Fugaciously adv., Fuga’cioiisness. 1664 Evelyn Kal. Hort. Introd. 56 Well therefore did .. Columella put his Gard'ner in mind of the fugaciousness of the Seasons. 1811 A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1830) 1011 Sulphuretted hydrogen is known to be contained in water .. by its reddening the infusion of litmus fugaciously. 1821 New Monthly Mag. I. 160 The utter inanity and fugaciousness of all mortal grandeur. 1875 H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 116 The volatility of ammonia and the extreme fugaciousness of its action. Fugacity (fi«gce-siti). [f. as prec. + -tv.] The quality of being fugacious ; instability; transitori¬ ness. Of a material substance: Volatility. 1656 Blount Glossogr., Fugacity, a readiness to run away, inconstancy, an inclination to flight. 1666 Boyle Orig. Formes <$• Qual. 190 By our Experiment, its Fugacity is so restrain’d, that, .the Caput mortuum. .endured a good fire in the Retort. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 143 P3 The deceitfulness of hope, the fugacity of pleasure, the fragility of beauty. 1807 F. Wrangham Serm. Transl. Script. 31 Considerations of the fugacity of time. 1830 Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 288 The acrid principle .. notwithstanding its fugacity, has been lately obtained pure. 1841-44 Emerson Ess., Poet (1885) II. 321 The accidency and fugacity of the symbol. 1868 Bushnell Serm. Liv. Subj. 281 The fugacities are left behind us. Comb. 1894 Brit. Jrnl. Pkotog. XLI. 68 The fugacity- producing quality of this bath. + Fu-gacy. 06 s. [as if ad. L. *fugdcia, i.fugaxd\ Flight; also, the fact of being a fugitive slave. ci6oo Norden Spec. Brit., Comw. (1728) 2 Upon the fugacie of the conquered Britons. 1610 W. Folkingham Art of Survey in. iv. 71 All goods and chattels, which being stolne, are left or forsaken by the thiefe in his fugacie. ^1641 Bp. Montagu Acts <$• Mon. (1642) 15 That earthly City, built up by Cain in the Land of his Banishment, and Fugacy from God. o serganz uuluelden J>° faten of watere. c. 1350 Will. Paleme 4319 A 1 }>at huge halle was hastili fulfulled. 1382 Wyclif Gen. i. 28 Growe }e and be 3e multiplied and fulfille 3e the erthe. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 102 Aftirward I fulfillide k e wounde with hoot oile of rosis. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 79b/2 All the londe therof shal be fulfyllid with deserte. ia 1500 Chester PI. (E. E. T. S.) ii. 68 All Beastes I byd yow multeply .. the earth to fulfill. 1548-77 Vicary A nat. ii. (1888) 22 Simple and pure fieshe, which fulfylleth the FULFIL. 587 FULGURANCE. concauities of voyde places. 1875 Jowett Plato (e d. 2) III. 676 The world has received animals .. and is fulfilled with them. b. in immaterial applications. a 1300 Cursor M. 852 (Gott.) God..fulfild J>is world al wid his grace. 1413 Pilgr. Sowte (Caxton) v. xiv. (1859) 80 The Apostles were fulfylled with the holy ghoost. 1480 Robt. Devyll 5 Hys hearte was fullfylled all with thought. 1529 Mori-: Com/, agst. Trib. 1. Wks. 1151/2 Theyr ovvne con¬ science .. may fulfil their heartes wyth spiritual ioy. 1563 Homilies 11. Rogation IVcek 1. (1859) 475 He .. fulfilleth both heaven and earth with his presence. 1612 T. Taylor Comm. Titus ii. 12 Re not drunke with wine, but be fulfilled with the spirit. 1825 Scott Talism. xxiv, I have never known knight more fulfilled of nobleness. 1830 Tennyson Poems 35 Her subtil, warm, and golden breath Which mixing with the infant’s blood Fullfills him with beatitude. 1864 Swinburne Atalanta 2120 Filling thine eyes And fulfilling thine ears With the brilliance of battle. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. I. 1. 313 When he was fulfilled of this delight. f c. To spread through the whole extent of; to pervade. Obs. 1382 Wyclif Jer. xxiii. 24 Whether not heuene and erthe Y fulfille? seith the Lord. 1535 Covehdale Dan. ii. 35 The stone .. became a greate mountayne which fulfylleth the whole earth. 1581 Marbeck Bk. of Notes 436 The glorie of the Lord fulfilling the house. + 2 . To furnish or supply to the full with what is wished for; to fill as with food ; to satisfy the appetite or desire of. Obs. a 1300 E. E. Psalter ciiifi]. 16 Be fulefilled sal trees ofe felde ilkan. C1340 Cursor M. 6842 (Fairf.) pe seyuende }ere lete hit ly stille pe pouer men hunger for to fulfille. 1382 Wyclif Matt. xv. 33 Therfore wherof so many loouys ; to vs in desert, that we fulfille so grete a cumpanye of 1 peple? 1430-40 Lydg. Bochas hi. 1. (1554) 70 b, Thyne empty wombe eche day to fulfill, If thou mightest haue vittayle at thy will, c 1450 tr. De Imitatione 1. i. 3 pe eye 1 is not fulfilled wip pe si^t nor pe ere wip heringe. c 1500 Lancelot 941 Your plesance may ye wel fulfill Of me. 1592 Timme Ten Eng. Lepers F ij, Not to sustaine nature, .but j to fulfill insaciable gurmandize. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 114 To fulfill his greedy and endlesse appetite. 3 . To fill up or make complete; to supply what is lacking in ; + formerly sometimes with forth. Also, to fill up or supply the place of (something); to compensate for (a defect). Obs. exc. arch. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 219 Al swa fele pe me mihte bat tioSe hape fulfellen. C1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 305/214 pare-fore man is i-wrou}t, To fulfulle pe teope ordre pat was out of heouene i-brou3t. c 1380 Wyclif Last Age Chirche p. xxvii, Cristen men hauen xxi lettris..and 3euynge to eche c. pe newe Testament was endid whanne pe noumbre of pes assingned lettris was fulfilled. 1382 — Phil. ii. 2 Fulfille ae my joye. c 1400 Lanfranc s Cirurg. 29 po .ij. defautis pe medlynge of pe ligament fulfillip. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 182 Fulfyllyn or make a-cethe in thynge pat wantythe, supleo. 1473 in Ld. Treas. Acc. Scotl. (1877) I* 3° Hem iij quarteris of blak to fulfill furth the lynyng of the Queynis goone. 1533 Bellenden Livy 11. (1822) 107 The new Faderis chosin.. to fulfill the auld nowmer of Faderis afore minist. 1556 Robinson tr. More s Utop.{z&. 2)11. (Arb.)'9o Then theyfulfyll and make vp the numbre with cytezens. 1850 Mrs. Brown¬ ing Poems I. 9 Glory and life Fulfil their own depletions, f b. absol. or intr. To supply what is wanted. 1390 Gower Conf. III. 138 Where lacketh good the word fulfilleth To make amendes for the wronge. + 4 . To fill, hold, or occupy (a position that has been vacant); to take (the place of something). Obs. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 33 Man sholde fuluullen englene sete. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 221 pat it mi3te fulfille pe place of pe prote. 1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 289 Whiche gete turfes. .to fullefille thestede of woode. 1509 Barclay Shy 6 of Folys (1570) 168 His wretched Carcas shall the voyde graue fulfill. 1548-77 Vicary Anat .. ii. (1888) 18 Some [bones] to fulfyll the hollowe places, as in the handes and feete. 5 . To carry out or bring to consummation (a prophecy, promise, etc.); to satisfy (a desire, prayer). In origin a Hebraism: a literal transl. of the Vulgate adimplere , i)nplere t Hellenistic Greek n\rjpovi /, used in an unclassical sense after Heb. i-ibo, literally ‘ to fill ’. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 104/119 ^uit it scholde bi-foren eov alle bi folfuld bi me her. a 1300 Cursor M. 26254 His flexs lust to ful-fill. c 1320 Cast. Love 1201 The profecye of Symeon Wes fulfylled thon. c 1385 Chaucf.r L. G. IV. 694 Cleopatra , Thilke comenant..I wele fulfille. 1400 G. ap David in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 11. I. 6 Other thinges he behi}t me the qwicn he fulfullyt not. 1514 Barclay Cyt. Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 9 Fulfill thy promise, I praye the now begynne. a 1633 Austin Medit. (1635) 43 His purpose was onely to get money: but God’s purpose was (thereby) to bring Mary to Bethlehem. Hee, to fill full his Coffers, God, to fulfill the Prophecies. 1769 J. Brown Diet. Bible (1818) s. v., To fulfil requests and desires is to grant the things desired. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. iv. i. (1872) 101 The universal prayer therefore is to be fulfilled. i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xvi. 112, I fulfilled to the letter my engagement, .to ask no help. 1864 Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. ix. (1875) 145 Full of bright promise never fulfilled. 1883 H. Spencer in Contemp. Rev. XLIII. 15 Nature leads men by purely personal motives to fulfil her ends. refl. 1842 Tennyson Gard. Dau. 233 My desire. .By its own energy fulfill’d itself. 1847 — Princ. vii. 121 If you be, what I think you, some sweet dream, I would but ask you to fulfil yourself. 0 . To carry out, perform, execute, do (something enjoined) ; to obey or follow (a command, the law, etc.). c 1250 Gen. % Ex. 1222 To fulfillen godes reed, a 1300 Cursor M. 9736 Pi will i sal euermar full-fill. 1390 Gower Conf. III. 264 That thing may he nought fulfille. 1484 Caxton Fables of /.Esop 11. xvi, My inayster .. whiche con* strayneth me to fulfylle his wylle. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 2 So to study this present treatyse, that they may fulfyll it in theyr lyuyng. 1645 Milton Colast. Wks. (1851) 353 Let not therfore under the name of fulfilling Charity, such an unmercifull. .yoke, bee padlockt upon the neck of any Christian. 1667 — P. L. xn. 402 The Law of God exact he shall fulfil. 1777 Blair Serm. I. iv. 111 Let us carry on our preparation for heaven, .by fulfilling the duties and offices of every station in life. 1781 Cowper Expost. 644 To praise him is to serve him, and fulfil, .his unquestioned will. 1835 J. H. Newman Par. Serm. (1837) I. v. 76 In what sense do we fulfil the words of Christ? 1871 R. Ellis Catullus lxiv. 310 Still each hand fulfilled its pious labour eternal. + b. To perform, execute, accomplish (a deed). a 1225 Auer. R. 288 $if per were eise uorto fulfullen pe dede. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) v. 53 Thei fulfillen first the more longe Pilgrymage, and after retournen a}en be the nexte Weyes. 1582 A. Munday Discov. E. Campion in Arb. Garner VIII. 205 The deaths of these noble personages should be presently fulfilled. 1593 Shaks. Liter. 1635 Where you did fulfil The loathsome act of lust. c. To fill the requirements of, answer (a pur¬ pose), comply with (conditions^. 1784 Cowper Tiroc. 93 If all .. Fulfill the purpose, and appear design’d Proofs of the wisdom of th’ all-seeing Mind. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 304 Every stone fulfils its place inside and out. 1834 Lytton Pompeii 1. ii, The numerous haunts which fulfilled with that idle people the office of cafes and clubs at this day. 1840 Lardner Georn. 112 If in two triangles, either of the conditions of similarity be fulfilled, the other condition must also be fulfilled, i860 Mill Repr. Govt. (1865) 1/1 To inquire what form of government is best fitted to fulfil those purposes. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ . 11. iv. § 53 (1875) 174 Before a truth can be known as neces¬ sary, two conditions must be fulfilled. 1870 M. D. Conway Earthw. Pilgr. xxvii. 320 A street speaker and his audience fulfilling the condition of moving on. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 200 The Cretan laws, .fulfil the object of laws, which is to make those who use them happy. 7 . To bring to an end, finish, complete (a period, portion of time, a work, etc.). c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 5/145 5 wane pe time were folfuld. 1340 Ayenb. 262 pis hoc is uolueld ine pe eue of pe holy apostles Symon an Iudas. £1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 168 pere is fulfillid pe firste digestioun of pe guttis. £1400 tr. Secreta Secret ., Gov. Lordsh. (E. E. T. S.) 71 Turne pe vpon py left syde, and fulfylle py sleepe vpon pat syde. 1413 Pilgr. Soudc (Caxton) v. i. (1859) 7 2 A thynge that is infynyte maye not be fulfilled. 1526-34 Tindalk Acts xiii. 25 When John had fulfylled his course, he sayde, whome ye thinke that I am the same am I not. 1535 Coverdale 2 Sam. vii. 12 Whan thy tyme is fulfylled thou shalt slepe with thy fathers. 1784 Cowper Task vi. 786 Six thousand years of sorrow have well-nigh Fulfilled their tardy and disastrous course Over a sinful world. 1814 Scott Ld. of Isles 11. xxix, Whose ill-timed speed Fulfill’d my soon-repented deed. Hence Fulfilled, ppl. a. 1649 Milton Eikon. xxvii. Wks. (1847) 329/1 All our past and fulfill’d miseries. Fulfiller (fulfilai). [f. Fulfil v. + -er '.] One who fulfils, in various senses of the vb. • 1413 Pilgr. Soiule (Caxton 1483) v. xiv. 108 The hooly ghoost that is the ender and the fulfiller. 1545 Brinklow Lament. 24 b, Christ wolde not breake the lawe, but was the fullfiller of the lawe. 1692 South Serm. (1718) II. 102 God himself is first the author, and then the fulfiller of them. 1752 Law Spirit of Love 11. (1816) 138 A fulfiller of all righteousness. 1843 Hood Forge 1. xiii, Of his duty so true a fulfiller. i860 Pusey Min. Proph. 110 The faithful Fulfiller of His promises. Fulfilling (fulfrliq), vbl. sb. [f. Fulfil v. + -ing 1 .] The action of the vb. Fulfil in various senses ; an instance of this ; also cotter, that which fulfils. Cf. Fulfilment, now usually substituted. 1340 Ayenb. 260 God pet is pe ende and pe uoluellinge and pe somme of his wylninges. 1382 Wyclif Rom. xiii. 10 Therfore loue is the plente, or fulfillinge, of the lawe. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxxviii. 263 For vnmesurable ful- fylling of his lust his lyf shorted the souner. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 43 The accomplysshytige or fulfyllynge of his commaundementes. 1628 J. Gaule Pract. Theories (1629) 22 He could haue indured any thing rather then a Prophecies not fulfilling. 1671 Milton P. R. ii. 109 With thoughts Meekly compos’d awaited the fulfilling. 1715 De Foe Fam. Instruct. 1. i. (1841) I. 29 The fulfilling of Old Testament types, and Old Testament promises. Fulfilling (fulfrlig), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ingA] That fulfils, in senses of the vb.; f hence, complementary or suitable to (pis.). 1340 Ayenb. 113 pa} ha leuede an hondred year..he ne mi3te na}t do uoluellinde penonce of one dyadliche zenne. 1452 in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886' I. 282 A Batylment by nethe with a Crest above and a Casement fulfyllyng to the werk. 1606 Shaks. Tr. $ Cr. Prol. 18 With massie Staples And corresponsiue and fulfilling Bolts. Fulfilment (fulfilment), [f. Fulfil v. +■ -ment.] The action or an act or process of ful¬ filling ; accomplishment, performance, completion. (Not in Johnson 1755.) 177S in Ash. 1777 Blair Serm. I. v. 141 With what entire confidence ought we to wait for the fulfilment of all his other promises, in their due time. 1786-1805 J. H. Tooke Parley (i860) 586 Gage. By which a man is bound to certain fulfilments. 1830 Herschel Stud. Nat. Phil . 1. iii. (1851) 42 There are consequences and fulfilments of the laws of nature. 1849 James IVoodnian ii, She exacted a fulfilment of all prescribed duties from her nuns. 1891 Laiu Ref. Weekly Notes 76/2 The fulfilment of the con¬ dition literally became impossible. t FuTgence. Obs. [f. as next: see -ence.] = next. la 1500 Chester PI. (E. E. T. S.) i. 180 And here were now the Trynitie, We sholde him pass by our fulgence. a 1645 Hf.y wood Epil. Wks. 1874 VI. 343 May Venus and the Moones bright constellations, With their best fulgence smile on all your Nations. 1652 Benlowfs Theoph. v. lvii, Sols radiant Fulgence in meridian Skies Seem’d shade unto those Clarities. + FuTgency. Obs. [f. next: see -ency.] Ful¬ gent quality; brightness, splendour. 1659 D. Pell Impr. Sea 480 A flower that will constantly expose itself unto the fulgency of the Sun. 1794 Sullivan \ iew Nat. II. 412 The great fulgency and clearness of the sun’s light. Fulgent (f^ ld^ent), a. [ad. L . fulgent-cm, pr. pple. of fulgere to shine: see -ent.] Shining brightly; brilliant, glittering, resplendent. Now poet, or rhetorical. J 432-5o tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 13 Asches or sonde, whiche semenge as thynges impure and wontenge ly3hte be wonte to yelde pure materes and fulgent. ?a 1500 York Myst ., Inholders (1885) 514 Hayle ! fulgent Phebus. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 563 It doth lesse hinder the fulgent brightnes of the christaline. 1636 Heywood Loves Mistress 2nd Prol. Wks. 1874 V. 88 Liquid Gold Of fulgent beautie. 1667 Milton P. L. x. 449 At last, as from a Cloud, his fulgent head And shape Starr-bright appeer’d. 1770G1.0VER Leonidas iv. 518 Other Thracians, .fulgent morions wore, With horns of bulls in imitating brass Curv’d o’er the crested ridge. 1807 Wordsw. Gipsies 16 Then issued Vesper from the fulgent west. 1835 Black'iv. Mag. XXXVIII. 401 Brighter, .than the stream Which in Pirene shed its fulgent gleam. fig. 1879 G. Meredith Egoist II. ii. 32 The studious mind, .throws off acids and crusty particles in the piling of the years, until it is fulgent by clarity. b. Her. (See quot.) 1828-40 Berry Encycl. Her. I, Fulgent, having rays, as a star fulgent. Hence Fulgently adv,, Fulgentness. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Fulgentness. 1880 G. Meredith Trag. Com. (1881) 36 Her hero faced about and stood up, looking at her fulgently. Fulgid (fzrldaid), a. [ad. L. fnlgid-us , f. ful¬ gere to shine.] 1. Flashing, glittering, shining. 1656-81 Blount Glossogr., Fulgid , shining, glistering, bright. 1678 R. R[ussf.ll] Gebcr 11. i.m.vi. 74 Of most., ful¬ gid Splendor. 1715-20 Pope Iliad x. 547 Through the brown shade the fulgid weapons shined. 1773 Wilson in Phil. Trans. LXIV. 16 This beauteous substance is at the sur- facej most fulgid. 1791 W. Bartram Carolina 51 The fulgid sunbeams spread abroad their animating light. 1822 T. Taylor Apuleius xi. 261 A very black robe fulgid with a dark splendour. 1870 Emerson Soc. Solit. viii. 163 Demons with fulgid eyes. 2. Nat. Hist. (See quot.) 1826 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. IV. 279 Fulgid , a bright fiery red. Hence Pulgidity, fulgid state or condition. 1656-81 in Blount Glossogr. 1755 in Johnson ; and in mod. Diets. Fulgor, fulgour (fo-lgOJ,-9j). arch. [a. L. fulgor, f. fulgere to shine.] A brilliant or flashing light; dazzling brightness, splendour. 1602 Marston Ant. <$• Mel. i. Introd., By the resplendent fulgor of this steele, I will defende the feminine to death. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. in. x. 128 Glowewormes alive, project a lustre in the darke, which fulgour notwith¬ standing ceaseth after death. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 3° 2 Chains of burnished Gold or Brass, whose fulgor they delighted in. 1791 W. Bartram Carolina 13 The fulgour and rapidity of the streams of lightning .. exhibited a very awful scene. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. II. v. iv, There had risen .. quite another variegated Glitter and nocturnal Fulgor. 1877 L. Morris Epic Hades 11. 103 Leaped up the hot red sun above the sea, And lit the horrid fulgour of his scales. fig. 1635 Heywood Hieraixh. v. 278 Those Mindes and Essences diuine By nature with Miraculous Fulgor shine. 1668 H. More Div. Dial. 1. xiv. (1713) 28 Hyl. There shines from them such an intellectual fulgor. 1834 Fraser s Mag. X. 699 Their influence shall enable us to make this article, .glow with a fulgour not otherwise its own. Fulgorous (fo'lgoras), a. rare. [f. Fulgor + -ous.] Flashing, brilliant, lustrous, lit . and fig. 1772 Nugent tr. Hist. Fr. Gerund I. 204 Their waxen wings desolving at the inflamed and sparkling rays of so fulgorous and resplendent a defender. 1833 Carlyle Diderot Misc. 1857 III. 194 He heard him [Diderot] talk oneday. .with a fulgorous impetuosity almost beyondhuman. II Fulgur. Obs. [L., f. fulgere to lighten.] Lightning, a flash of lightning. 1563 W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 27 Fulgur is that kinde of lightning which followeth thunder. 1695 D'Urff.y Gloriana ix. 2 Till by some Flashes of Atherial Fire, And fatal Fulgur glimmering Light was lent. fig. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 175 The King., by the fulgur of his eye can dart them dead. Fulgural (fodgiural), a. rare. [a. F .fulgural, ad. L. fulgur alls, {.fulgur lightning: see -al.] Of or pertaining to lightning. Fulgural science (Fr. science fulgurale) : divination by lightning. 1656-81 Blount Glossogr., Fulgural, belonging to light¬ ning. 1813 T. Busby tr. Lucretius vi. Comm, iv, The Romans, it is well known, derived from the Tuscans the system of their fulgural superstition. Ibid. v. Comm, v, Their skill in fulgural divination. 1891 tr. De la Saussayes Man. Sc. Relig. xvi. 139 This fulgural science was con¬ sidered of Etruscan origin. t Fu'lgurance. Obs. rare. [f. next: see -ANC1S.] Dazzling brilliance (as of lightning'. 1652 Benlowks Theofh. vi. xxiv, Who, like a full-orb’d Moon, our stars out-shin’d Inglorious Fulguranceofminde. Ibid. VII. xxviii, From this Fulgurance such splendors fly. 74-2 FULGURANT. 588 FULL. Fulgurant (fo’lgiurant), a. [ad. Y.fulgurant- em , pr. pple. of fulgurare to lighten, f. fulgur lightning : see -ant.] Flashing like lightning. 1647 H. More Resolution Poems 175 [Though] Nature play her fiery games In this forc’d Night, with fulgurant flames. 1840 Browning Sordello v. 43 Careful Jove’s face be duly fulgurant. 1868 — Ring <$• Bk. vi. 1600 That erect form, flashing brow, fulgurant eye. Hence FiiTgurantly adv. 1873 Dowden in Content#. Rev. July 193 This eruption [in V. Hugo’s Chatiments ], which is meant to overwhelm the gewgaw Empire goes on fulgurantly, resoundingly, and not without scoriae and smoke. Fulgurate, v. [f. L. fulgurdt- ppl. stem of fulgurare to lighten, i. fulgur lightning: see -ate3.] intr. To emit vivid flashes like lightning. 1677 Phil. Trans. XVIII. 867 [It] doth now and then fulgu¬ rate, and sometimes also raise it self as ’twere into waves of light. 1686 Goad Celest. Bodies 11. iii. 179 As soon would we have believed that two Diamonds could Fulgurate. 1756 [see Flagrate v.] Hence Fulgurating ppl. a. ; also transf. (of pains) darting like lightning through the body. 1677 Phil. Trans. XVIII. 867 This fulgurating substance carries its light alwaies with it. 1709 F. Hauksbee Phys. Meek. Ex#, ii. (1719) 36 A brisk Fulgurating Light was produc’d. 1878 A. M. Hamilton Nerv. Dis. 276 The indi¬ vidual may first notice the commencement of the disease by fulgurating pains which dart from the feet up the legs and thighs. Fulguration (fzflgiur^-Jan). [ad. L. fulgura - tion-em, n. of action f. fulgurare : see Fulgurate and -ATION. Cf. F. fulguration.'] 1 . The action of lightning or flashing like light¬ ning ; chiefly in pi. Hashes of lightning. Now rare in literal sense. *633 J- Done Hist. Septuagint 57 Your Eyes..were so incountred with the order and splendor of the workes .. so as you should be forced to turn them elsewhere or not too stedfastly behold their Fulguration. 1642 Howell For. Trav. (Arb.) 12 Though thunder be first in Nature being by the violent eruption it makes out of the cloud the cause of such fulgurations. 1684 T. Burnet Tk. Earth 11. 93 These signs are chiefly, .the fulgurations of the air, and the falling of stars. 1813 T. Forster Atmosph. Pkaenom. (1815) 76 The vespertine fulgurations, called summer lightning, are not followed by any thunder at all. Jig. 1874 H. R. Reynolds John Bapt. ii. 88 Angels are the fulgurations of His power. 1877 F. Caird Philos. Kant v. 86 The continual fulgurations of deity. 2 . In Assaying. (See quots.) Cf. Blick. 1676 Coles, Fulguration , a reducing metals into vapours by the help of lead (in a copel) and a violent fire. 1758 Reid tr. Macquer's Chym.\. 323 The surface of that metal will at once dart out a dazling splendour : but, if the fire be strong enough to keep the Silver in fusion .. this change of colour, which is called its fulguration, will not be so percep¬ tible, and the Silver will appear like a bead of fire. 1853 Ure Diet. Arts I.98 When the lead is wasted to a certain degree, a very thin film of it only remains on the silver, which causes the iridescent appearance, like the colours of soap-bubbles; a phenomenon, called by the old chemists, fulguration. II FuTgurator. rare. [L.fulgurdtor, f. fulgur lightning.] A priest who interprets lightning. 1813 T. Busby tr. Lucretius vi. Comm, v, The Tuscan fulgurators. .were induced .. to direct sacrifices which they k lew would be unacceptable to the Gods. t Fulgure. Obs. rare. [a. OF .fulgure, f. L. fulgur lightning.] = Fulgor. a 1633 Austin Medit. (1635) 88 The Light or fulgure in it [star] was purely Supernaturall. 1661 Morgan Spit. Gentry 1. iii. 34 Noble by reason of fulgure and transparencie. Fulgureous, a. rare-', [f. L .fulgureus (f. fulgur lightning) : see -eous.] Of the nature of lightning. 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Man. viii. 224 Generated in the sky by a fulgureous exhalation. Fulgurite (fflgiuroit). [f. L. fulgur lightning + -ITE.] 1 . Geol. (See quot. 1865.) Also written (less correctly) fulgorite. 1834 M ks. Somerville Cannex. Phys. Sc. xxvii. (1835) 312 Dr. t'iedler exhibited several of these fulgorites in London • ■ dug out of the sandy plains of Silesia and Eastern Prussia. 184s Darwin Voy. Nat. iii. (1852) 60 At Paris MM. Hachette and lieudant succeeded in making tubes in njost respect similar to these fulgurites. 1865 Page Handbk. heal. Terms , Fulgurite , Fulgorite , any rocky substance that has been fused or vitrified by lightning. More strictly applied to a bore or tube produced by the passage of light¬ ning into a sandy soil. 1884 Cornh. Mag. Nov. 526 In sand or rock, where lightning has struck, it often forms long hollow tubes, known to the calmly discriminating geological intelligence as fulgurites. 2 . An explosive substance (see quot. 1889). 1882 H. S. Drinker Tunnelling (ed. 2) 102. 1889 Cun- dill Diet. Explosives, Fulgurite consists of nitro-glycerme mixed with some coarsely ground farinaceous substance. 1894 Daily News 22 Jan. 5/5 At Geneva a trial has been made in a quarry with the new explosive, ‘ fulgurite under the direction of the inventor, Raoul Pictet. t Fulgu/rity. Obs.~° (See quots.) 1623 Cockicram, Fulguritie , lightening. [In eds. 1631-2 printed Fulgurite, in 1637-9 Fulgurie.] 1721 Bailey, Fulgurity, Shining, Glistering. Fulgurous (fo'lgiuras), a. Also 7 fulgrous. [f. L. fulgur lightning + -ous.] Resembling light¬ ning ; full of or charged with lightning. Also fg. 1616 J. Lane Contn. Sqr.’s T. viii. 217 Thepitchieclovvdes of fulgrous heavn. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xix. viii. VIII. 261 The angry similitude had shot, slightly fulgurous and consolatory, athwart the gloom of one’s mood. 1876 Lowell Ode Poet. Wks. 1890 IV. 94 Of Rome, fair quarry where those eagles crowd Whose fulgurous vans about the world had blown Triumphant storm and seeds of polity. Fulham (firlam). slang. Forms: 6 fullan, 6-7 fullam, 6-8 fullom, (7 fullum), 7- fulham. [Of uncertain origin : by some conjectured to be derived from the place-name Fulham, once a noted haunt of gamesters. Another conjecture is that the oldest form fullan = ‘ full one ’, which would suit the sense.] A die loaded at the corner. (A high fulham was loaded so as to ensure a cast of 4, 5, or 6 ; a low fulham , so as to ensure a cast of 1, 2, or 3.) C1550 Dice-Play Ciiija, Fullans..be square outward. Yet being within at the corner with lead, or other pondorus matter stopped, minister as great an aduantage as any of the rest. 1592 Nobody <$• Someb. in Simpson Sch. Shahs. (1878) I. 337 Those are called high Fulloms. 1598 Shaks. Merry IV. 1. iii. 94 Let Vultures gripe thy guts: for gourd, and Fullam holds: & high and low beguiles the rich & poore. 1605 Bond. Prodigal 1. i, Two bale of false dice, videlicet, high men and low men, fulloms. .and other bones of function. 1674 Cotton Conipl. Gamester 12 This they do by false Dice, as High-Fullams 4, 5, 6. Low-Fullams 1, 2, 3. 1711 Buckle Club 21 At dice they have The Doctors, the fulloms. 1801 Sporting Mag. XVIII. 100 A bale of fulhams. 1889 Doyle Micah Clarke xxx. 316 There is no loading of the dice, or throwing of fulhams. Jig. 1644-7 Cleveland Char. Lond. Diurn. (1677) 108 Now a Scotch-man’s Tongue runs high Fullams. There is a Cheat in his Idiom. 1664 Butler Hud. 11. i. 642 One cut out to pass your tricks on, With Fulhams of Poetick fiction. t Fuliginated, a. Obs. rare. [f. L.fulTgindt- us (f. fiiligo soot) + -ed !.] Of a sooty colour, as if powdered black. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 193 Such the misery of these fuliginated creatures, who as they use all Ceremonies of 1 devotion usually on the nights and not at daytime, tis they say because the Devill is then sole Ruler. 1796 Kirwan 1 Elem. Min. (ed. 2) II. 310 It is formed either by the union 1 of the Yellow Calx with an excess of Volalkali, and this may be called the Fuliginated Calx. t Fuligino*se, a,. Obs.~° [ad. L. fiiliginds-us : see Fuliginous and -ose.] = Fuliginous i and 3. 1721-36 in Bailey. 1866 in Treas. Bot. Fuliginosity (fiwli-d^in^-siti). [ad. F. fuli - ginosite, f. L. fiiliginds-us (see next) +-ity.] The condition or quality of being fuliginous or sooty; sooty matter, soot. 1758 Reid tr. MacqueYs Chym. I. 185 A short tapering funnel, .which will serve for a chimney to carry off all fuli- ginosities. 1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 471 All fuliginosities arising from combustion on the surface of the earth are finally carried into the sea. Jig- 1837 Carlyle Mirabeatt , Ess. (1840) V. 136 In the old Marquis there dwells withal, .a latent fury and fuliginosity very perverting. 1895 Expositor Nov. 350 This might be due to intentional fuliginosity—(if I may coin a word) but it cannot be the case that the whole of the Talmud has been wilfully obscured. Fuliginous (fizArd^inas), a. Also 7 -enous, -inus. [ad. L. fultginds-us , f. fiiligo soot : see -ous. Cf. F .fuligineux, - euse. ] 1 . Pertaining to, consisting of, containing, or resembling soot; sooty. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. 11. v, It offends commonly if it be to. .fuligenous, cloudy, blustering, or a tempestuous Aire. 1638 Wilkins New World 1. (1684) 73 This Fuliginus matter, which did thus obscure the Sun, must needs be very near his Body. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vi. xii. 334 A sootish and fuliginous matter proceeding from the sulphur of bodies tonified. 1684 Evelyn Diary 24 Jan., London .. was so filled with the fuliginous steam of the sea-coal, that hardly could one see across the streets. 1731 Hales Stat. Ess. I. 260 In great cities where the air is full of fuliginous vapours. 1822 Lamb Elia Ser. 1. Praise of Chimneysweepers , The fuliginous concretions, which are sometimes found (in dissections) to adhere to the roof of the mouth in these unfledged practitioners. 1842 De Quincey Pagan Oracles Wks. VIII. 222 A huge octagon lamp, that apparently never had been cleaned from smoke and fuligi¬ nous tarnish. Jig. c 1645 Howell Lett. (1650) II. 107 Prayer compar’d with praise, is but a fuliginous smoak issuing from the sense of sin. 1761 Sterne Tr. Shandy III. xix, His ideas .. all obfuscated and darkened over with fuliginous matter ! 1845 Carlyle Cromwell (1871) IV. 3 A very fuliginous set of doctrines. i860 Trollope Cast. Richmond II. 80 The debate went on. .with many sparks, .of eager benevolence, and some few*passing clouds of fuliginous self-interest. b. Covered or blackened with soot. Chiefly in humorously bombastic use. a 1763 [see Fuliginously]. 1843 Carlyle Past <$• Pr. iii. xv, To that dingy fuliginous Operative, emerging from his soot-mill. 1865 Dublin Univ. Mag. II. 32 A fuliginous suburb of factories, a 1876 M. Collins Pen Sketches (1879) I. 59 The pleasant gardens .. are a delight and a luxury to the Londoner escaped from some close fuliginous domicile. 1884 Pall Mall G. 16 Oct. 1/1 All the world is peering down the fuliginous chimney. t 2 . In old physiology applied to certain thick ‘ vapours * or ‘ exhalations * said to be formed by organic combustion, and noxious to the head and vital parts. Obs. 1574 Newton Health Mag. 53 Those apples .. repel and drive away all fuliginous moyste vapours which trouble the harte and strike up into the head. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. II. v. 1. iv, It is not amiss to bore the scull with an instru- • ment to let out the fuliginous vapours. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 57 The grosser Steams that continually perspire out of our own Bodies .. are the luliginous Eructations of that internal fire, that constantly burns within us. 1725 Bradley Earn. Diet. s. v. Bath, It will be attended with these two Advantages, viz. the Dissipation of the fuliginous Excrements, and drawing out the superfluous Humours. 3 . (Chiefly Nat . Hist.) Soot-coloured, dusky. [1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. 290 The upper part of the Body is brown, or Fulgineous (s/V:).] 1822-34 Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 339 A morbid deep-coloured bile, fulvous, greenish, or fuliginous. 1826 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. IV. 282 Fuliginous , the opaque black of soot. 1869 O. W. Holmes Cinders froin Ashes in Old Vol. Life (1891) 247 An older and much bigger boy, or youth, with a fuliginous complexion. 1874 Coues Birds N. W. 642 Entire plumage deep sooty or fuliginous blackish. Hence Fuliginously adv., Fuliginousness. 1576 Newton Lonnie's Complex. (1633) 222 When this sinke of Melancholy is once exhausted, and all fuliginous- nesse banished. 1652 French Yorksh. Spa ii. 27 According to the fuliginousness of vapours more or less recoiling, the fire is more or less choaked. a 1763 Shenstone Wks. (1764) I. 114 To rear some breathless vapid flow’rs Or shrubs fuliginously grim. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. II. 11. iii, Military France is everywhere full of sour inflammatory humour, which exhales itself fuliginously, this way or that. II Fuligo (fizflorgtf). [L.] Soot. (See also quot. 1727.) 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vi. xii. 335 Thus Camphire of a white substance, by its fuligo aflordeth a deepe black. 1693 Evelyn De la Quint. ComJ>l. Gard. Advt. to Curious 4 Wax, or Oyl-Olive (for such it ought to be, to avoid the int ollerable smell and fuligo’sof gross and cheaper Materials>. 1727 Bailev vol. II, Fuligo , sulphureous, foul and thick Vapours, breath’d out at the Mouth, or thro’ the Pores of the Body. 1830 Westm. Rev. XII. 387 The book before us smells pestilently of orange peel and the lamp .. nor is the fuligo wanting. Fulimart, obs. form of Foumart. Fulk (fulk), v. dial. Also fullock. [Of obscure origin; cf. Fulkat.] (See quots.) Hence Ful- locking vbl. sb. a 1784 in Milles MS. Gloss. (Halliw.). 1796 Grose Did. Vulg. Tongue (ed. 3), Fulk, to use an unfair motion of the hand in plumping at taw. Schoolboy's term. 1843 P. Parley's Ann. IV. 311 Come, down with your taw—no fulking. .. I like to see hoys manly, even in their boyhood. 1874 Halli- well, Fulk , a phrase made use of by boys playing at taw, when they slily push the hand forward to he nearer the mark. Fullock, to jerk the hand unlawfully. A term at marbles. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Fullock, to jerk the hand and arm unlawfully at marbles, instead of shooting from the thumb- joint with the hand perfectly steady. 1875 Whitby Gloss., Fullock, to fire a marble .. from the hand by a jerk of the bent thumb. ‘ That was well fullock’d/ Fulk, obs. form of Folk. + Fulkat, v. Ohs. rare—'. (See quot.) 1688 R. Holme Armoury iii. 263/1 Fulkat, or Fulkating j over hand [in the Game of Truck] is to make your Ball I jump over his through the Argolis, when his Ball lies ! directly in the way before you. + Fu'lker. Obs. rare—'. [Corruption of Ger. fucker, fugger : cf. Foggek, Fooker, Fowkeu.] ‘A pawnbroker or usurer’ (Halliwell). 1566 Gascoigne Supposes ii. iii, A prety paune, the fulkers will not lend you a farthing upon it. + Full, sb. 1 Obs. [OK. ful = OS. ful, ON. full, str. neut.; perh. originally the neuter of the adj.] A cup, goblet; a bumper. Beowulf 6 16 pa freolic wif ful $e-sealde serest Eastdena epel-wearde. c 1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 88 Drince Sonne preo ful fulle. .nistig. c 1205 Lay. 14325 Oder uul me pider fare 5 .. penne pat uul beoS icumen penne cusseoS heo preoien. + Full, sb , 2 Obs. rare .— 1 [Identical with Sc. fow (see quot. 1673 below) of which Foose seems to be the plural, and Fouat a derivative or compound. It is not clear whether Bullen’s full is the original form (?from Full a., with reference to the fleshy leaves), or due to his own conjectural identification of the sb. fow with fow= full.] Houseleek. 1562 Bullein Bk. Simples (1579) 35 It is called Houslike ..in the South parts of England, but in the North it is called Full. 1673 Wedderburn Vocal )., Sedum majus, Fow. Full (ful), a., sb. 3 , and adv. Forms : 1-7 ful, 3-5 fol(le, south. vol(le, 4-5 fulle, 6 Sc. fow, 8 Sc. fou, 1- full. [Com. Tent.: OE. full = OFris. fol, ful, OS. ful'l (Du. vol), OHG .fol(l [MUG. vol, mod.Ger. voll), ON. full-r (OSw. fuld-er, mod.Sw. full, Fla. fuld), Goth, full-s ; OTeut. *follo-,fullo- OAryan *pl-no, represented also in Lith. pilna-s, OS 1 . plunu ; cf. also the synonymous Skr. purna, L. plants, OIr. Ian, Welsh llawn pre-Celtic *pldno-, plow-'), which though not formally identical contain the same root and suffix. From the Aryan root *pel-,pol-, p\, and its extended forms pie-, plo-, etc. are derived many words expressing the notion of abounding, filling, etc., as Skr. puru, Gr. iroAtis (see Fele a.) ; Gr. ntfxvXdt'at to fill, TrXrjpijs full, n\r}0os multitude, L. (com-, int-, op-, re-, sup-) plere to fill , plus more. In this and in several other words (Sievers Ags. Gr. § 55), the OE. 11 represents WGer. o’, when this is the case a labial consonant is almost always present, but the precise conditions have not been determined.] A. adj. 1 . Having within its limits all it will hold ; having no space empty; replete. Const, of (in OE. with PULL 589 PULL. genitive). Often with intensive phrases, as full as an egg, full to the brim (see Bkim sb.- 4 b ),fu/l to overflowing, full up (colloq.), etc. For advbl. phrase full mouth-, see Mouth. a 1000 Judith 19 faer waeron bollan steape boren. .swylce eac bunan and orcas fulle flettsittendum. c 1290 6". Eng. Leg. I. 193/45 A fat fare stod fol of bafa-water. a 1300 E. E. Psalter cxliii. 14 Cleues ofe fa fulle ere yhite [promptuaria eorum plena], c 1400 Lanfranc s Cirurg. 41 Heelde into fa hoole. .hoot oile of roses, .til al fa wounde be ful. c 1483 Caxton Vocab . 12 Hit is of a fulle fatte. 1563 W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 56 The ignorant in Philo¬ sophy must be admonished, that all things are full, nothing is empty, for nature abhorreth emptinesse. 1590 Nashe Pasquiis Apol. 1. Cijb, To preache to Gods people vpon a full stomach. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV , 11. iv. 68 Can a weake emptie Vessel beare such a huge full Hogs-head? 1648 Gage West Ind. vi. 19 Filling them [boats] so fast and so full, that some sunke. 1694 Acc. Sen. Late Voy. 11. (1711) 175 When many Whales float on the Sea, they [birds] have their Bellies full. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India <$• P. 112 A Board plastered over, which with Cotton they wipe out, when full, as we do from Slates. 1710 Steele Tatler No. 187 P5 The full House which is to be at Othello on Thursday. 1711 Budgell Sped. No. 77 P 9 When he is playing at Backgammon, he calls for a full glass of Wine and Water. 1712 Arbuthnot John Bull m. iv. 49 When she came into any full assembly. 1764 Foote Patron in. Wks. 1799 I. 353 Full..As an egg. 1786 Burns Dream 131, I hae seen their coggie fou. 1823 Scorf.sby Whale Fishery 126 An ancient flying, a signal indicative in the whale fishery of a full-ship. 1866 G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neig/tb. iii. (1878) 32 A few full sacks, tied tight at the mouth. 1870 L’Estrange Miss Milford I. ii. 37 The coach was completely full. 1891 E. Peacock N, Brendon I. 131 All the stables were full. 1892 Daily News 18 Oct. 5/3 Because they [cemeteries] are full up..this additional one is required. b. Locutions in which full is in concord with a preceding sb. denoting a receptacle are sometimes used transf. to signify either ( 1 ) the contents viewed with respect to quantity, or ( 2 ) a quantity equal to the capacity of the receptacle. In the latter of these applications, this usage is now almost super¬ seded by the practice of forming derivatives ad libitum with the suffix -ful 2 . ciooo Sax. Leechd. II. 268 Sele fanne cselic fulne to drincanne. c 1205 Lay. 1285 In faere sae heo funden vtlawen .. fifti scipen fulle. Ibid. 6470 A kene sweord and enne koker fulne flan. 1563 W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 52 He that hath seene an egges shell full of dew drawn up by the Sunne .. in a May morning. 1884 G. Moore Mummer's Wife (1887) 179 Atheatrefull of people. c. fig, (see 2 c) ; esp. of the heart: Overcharged with emotion, ready to overflow. c 1300 CursorM. 19404 (Edin.) Steuin of strenfa and godis grace was fillid ful in ilk a place. 1604 Shaks. Oth. v. ii. 175 Speake, for my heart is full. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. i, His heart was so full, he could say no more. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xii, My heart was never so full in my life. + d. Of an office : Occupied, not vacant. Const. of Obs. 1574 tr. Littleton's Tenures 38 b, Where a villeyne pur- chasethe the avowson of a Church full of an incumbent. ✓11734 North Lives ( 1826) II. 11 He laid his eye on the place of Chief Justice of Chester, which was full of Sir Job Charleton. e. Of an animal: Pregnant. Of a fish: Charged with roe. + Full of {foal) : big with. a 1618 Pates Merchandize G i b, Hearings white, full, or shotten, the barrell viijj. iiijd. 1722 Loud. Gaz. No. 6120/4 A large Black Mare .. very full of Foal. 1864 Mit¬ chell Herring 114 If the herrings are assorted, namely, the full herrings (herrings full of milt and roe) separated from matjes (herrings with the milt and roe of a small size), and these separated from ‘ ylen ’, empty or shotten herrings, the fishery officer has authority to apply a brand with the word ‘ full' to the first, and the word ‘ maties 1 to the second description, .in addition to the crown brand. t f. Having the outline filled in ; solid, not open. Fullflower (= F.fleurpleine) = * double flower ’. 1597 Morley Introd. Mus. Annot., There were .. foure maners of pricking, one al blacke, which they tearmed blacke full, another which we vse now which they called black void, the third all red, which they called red ful [etc.]. 1683 Robinson in Ray s Corr. (1848) 137 It hath no full, or double flower. 1715 Desaguliers Fires Impr. 118 Make three openings in it..the space Im, which is 6.Inches wide, must be left full..leave qc open 6 Inches wide, be and qy full, being of 6 Inches each. absol. 1703 T. N. City $ C. Purchaser 128 Let the Doors . .be right over one another, that the void may be upon the void, and the full upon the full. 2 . a. Containing abundance of ; plentifully charged, crowded. + Rarely const, with. a 1000 Sal. Sat. 174 (Gr.) Hate]? Sonne heaheyning helle betynan, fyres fulle. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 11 Engelonde is vol ino} of frut and ek of tren. 1340 Ayenb. 28 pet corn . .is uol of frut and al ripe, c 1386 Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1288 A wrethe of gold .. set ful of stones brighte. c 1400 Lan¬ franc s Cirurg. 53 But if fa membre fat was brusid be ful of senewis, as fa hand oufar fa foot. 1519 Horman Vulg. xxxi. 257 a, The fylde was strowed full of caltroppis. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. xl. 94 Great adders, which are very full of poison. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 341 Which the people take with boords bored full of holes. 1621 Lady M. Wroth Urania 229 As full of spite and ill nature as a Spider with poyson. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1757) II. 147 Some Horses will be too full of flesh. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 436 His bedchamber is full of Protestant clergymen. 1878 Smiles Robert Dick vii. 76 The sky was full of fire. t b. Formerly sometimes of a surface : Covered ^with). Const, of Obs, 1563 W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 36 b, The lidde will be all full of small drops of water. 1579 Gosson Sch. Abuse( Arb.) 54 We. .turne him away with his backe full of stripes. 1583 Hollyband Campo di Fior 133 Here be the dice. How full of dust they be. 1657 Ligon Barbadoes (1673) 75 The rind of a pure ash colour, full of wrinkles. c. In non-material sense: Abounding (in), abun¬ dantly characterized (by). Const, of, occas. f with (in OE. with genii, or instrumental), a 1000 Caedmons Gen. 1292 (Gr.) He .. xeseah uririhte eorSan fulle. c 1200 Ormin 1784 Crisstnedd fad..iss All full off hafadomess. c 1250 Gen. <$• Ex. no Ouer Sat .. An o'der heuene ful o blis. £ 1320 Sir Tristr. 1917 A loghefai founden made, Was ful of gamen and play. 1340 Ham pole Pr. Consc. 551 pus may a man his bygynnyng se Ful of wrechednes and of caytifte. 1397 Rolls of Par It, III. 379/2 He that hathe ever bene ful of mercy and of grace to all his lyeges. 1513 Douglas VEueis iii. Prol. 13 Of uncouth dangens this nixt buik hail is full. 1569 Turberv. Trag. T. etc. (1587) 199, I found him full of amours euery where. 1611 Bible Acts xiii. 10 O full of all subtilty and all mis- chiefe. 1650 Trapp Comm . Deut. vi. 12 Full with Gods benefits. 1682 Norris Hierocles 24 The fuller it is of labour & slavery. 1715 Lady M. W. Montagu Lett. (1837) H. 12 Your whole letter is full of mistakes. 1754 Shebbeare Matri¬ mony (176G) 1 .150 Mr. Sharply being retired, full with Self¬ applause of his deep Cunning. 1857 Ld. Houghton in Life (1891) II. xii. 18 M. Guizot is. .full of political and literary gossip. 1878 Morley Carlyle Crit. Misc., Ser. 1. 200 The Protestant cause remained full of vitality. d. A full man-. (After Bacon) One whose mind is richly stored. 1597-8 Bacon Ess., Studies (Arb.) io Reading maketh a full man. 1868 Lowell Dryden Pr. Wks. 1890 III. 103 For, like Johnson, Burke, and the full as distinguished from the learned men, he was always a random reader. 3. Engrossed with or absorbed in ; fully occupied with the thought of (something). Now only with const, of. + Formerly also with that or infinitive. 1607 Fenton in Lismore Papers Ser. 11. (1887) I. 116 We are now so full to prouide for the daungers which the tyme doth threaten on all sides, that [etc.]. 1633 Bp. Hall Hard Texts 403 Those that are most full, and most conscious of their owne infirmities. 1657 R. Ligon Barbadoes (1673)26, I could not go my self about it, being full of other business. 1669 Pepys Diary 24 Jan., The king seemed mighty full that we should have money to do all that we desired. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1757) II. 79 These Sort of Petit Maitres are so full of themselves, that they reject all wise Counsel. 1765 Reid Let. in Wks. I. 43/1 Your friend., was very full of you when he was here. 1853 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 238 ,1 am full of business, owing to the sudden move¬ ments. 1866 Alger Solit. Nat. <$• Man iii. 130 The lonely man, if full, is quite likely to be full of himself. 4. Having eaten or drunk to repletion. (Cf. Fou.) Also fulloffood,wine, etc. Now arch, (and vulgar ). ciooo Ags. Ps. lviii[i]. 15 Gif hi fulle ne beo '5 [hi] fela gnorniaS. 1382 Wyclif Ads ii. 13 Thei ben ful of must. c 1400 Lanfranc 1 s Cirurg. 229 And he schal not, whanne he is ful, slepe anoon farupon. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 290 Full of wine, and intoxicated with Bacchus berries. 1583 Hollyband Campo di Fior 43 Hast thou no liste to eat? Art thou full? 1611 Bible Prov. xxvii. 7 The full soule loatheth an honie combe. 1710 Swift Jrnl. io Stella 7 Dec., I .. have eaten cold pie .. and I am^ full. 1737 Ramsay Scot. Prov. (1776) 33 He’s unco fou in his ain house that canna pike a bane in his neighbour’s. 1787 ‘ G. Gambado’ A coil. Horsemen (1809) 26 Horses full of grass are very subject to scourings. 1875 Dasent Vikings III. 176 So they ate and drank and drained the mead-horn once more, and, when they were all full, they made a raft. b. Having one’s needs or appetite satisfied; having ‘ had one’s fill * of anything. Obs. exc. in the Hebraisms full of days, years, children. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 103 Heo [Auaricia] is helle iliche, forSon fat hi ha habbeS unafillendliche gredinesse, fat hi nefre ne bee's fulle. c 1230 Hali Meid. 39 Upo hwas nebschaft fa engles ne beoS neauer fulle to bihalden. 1382 Wyclif Job xlii. 17 He diede old, and ful of da3is. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholays Voy. Ded. F iij, An example of Jacob, an old man, and ful of yeres. 1611 Bible Ps. xvii. 14 They are full of children. 1715 Tickell Iliad 1. 292 Full of Days was He; Two Ages past, he liv’d the Third to see. 1852 Thackeray Esmond 1. ii, The first Viscount Castlewood died full of years. c. f Sated, weary of {obs.). Similarly in mod. colonial slang, full up (of). 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 32 Heo [Regan] was al ful of hym [Lear] er fa 3eres ende. c 1320 R. Brunne Medit. 993 3 yf be ful of my der sone. c 1477 Caxton Jason 21 Anone..ye shal be wery and full of her. 1555 W. Watre- man Fardle Facions App. 322 He maye waxe full of the la we, and vtterly contempne it. 1603 Holland P lutarch' s M or. 418 The Athenians being full of him, tooke pleasure to raise slanders and contumelious reproches of him [Themis- tocles]. 1611 Bible Isa. i. 11, I am full of the burnt offer¬ ings of rammes. 1625 Bacon Ess., Masques , The Alterations of Scenes, .feed and relieue the Eye, before it be full of the same Obiect. 1890 Boldrewood Miner's Right xxiii. 213 She was ‘ full up’ of the Oxley, .a rowdy, disagreeable gold¬ field. 1891 E. Reeves Homeward Bound 33 The men., get tired, or as the colonial slang goes, * full up ’, soonest. + 5. Abounding in wealth; amply supplied with means; also in weaker sense, having sufficient for one’s needs. Obs. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholas's Voy. 11. iii. 74 b, To have a new [emperor] ful, and ready to give. 1611 Bible Phil. iv. 18, I haue all, and abound. I am full. 1681 W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 651 He is a full man, om¬ nium rerum affluentibus copiis ditatur. 1683 Salmon Doron Med. 1. 118 Of the Poor and Needy no recompence can be expected, as of the Rich and Full. 6. Abundant, amply sufficient, copious, satisfying, satisfactory. Said both of material and immaterial things. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke vi. 38 SyllaS and eow by]? jeseald God *emet and full. 1052-1067 Charter of Eadweard in Cod. Dipl. IV. 2ii Ic u ille habban fullne dom of Sam menu. a 1300 Cursor M. 9560 His witherwin him wroght ful wa. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 37 Of fase mundificatyves fau schalt have a ful techinge in ]>e laste tretis. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 342 note , He had full experience and proofe of his qualities in freendship. 1630 R. Johnson s Kingd. <5- Commw. 53 Of diets..that of Germany is full, or rather fulsome. 1638 Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. III.) 9 Thus I doe but tast of that whereof you make full meales. 1655 Stanley Hist . Philos. 1. (1701) 31/2 They who want means Believe themselves of full estates possest. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 11. 756 The falling Mast For greedy Swine provides a full Repast. 1707 Floyer Physic . Pulse-Watch 316, I want a full Experience in these low Pulses.^ 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. 11. § 7 Suppose you saw a fruit of a new untried kind; would you recommend it to your own family to make a full meal of? 1884 Church Bacon ii. 29 He turned his studies to full account. b. Of an account or report, hence of a writer, etc.: Complete or abundant in detail. 1656 Denham Dcstr. Troy Pref., Where my expressions are not so full as his. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. 1. ii. § 8 They who were so famed for wisdom and antiquity, should be able to give a full and exact account of themselves through all the ages of the world. 1712 Berkeley Pass. Obed. Wks. III. 139, I have endeavoured to be as full and clear as the usual length of these discourses would permit. 1845 Graves Rom. Law in Encycl. Metrop. 778/1 For the basis of his Greek text, Contius took, as the best and fullest, the edition of Scrimger. 1866 Lord Blackburn in Hurlstonc <$• Coltman's Rep. IV. 275 The case is reported .. by Lord Raymond, whose report is the fullest. 1871 Freeman Hist. Ess. Ser. 1. iv. 90 We might have expected him [Roger] to be very full on that part of his history. 1882 Pebody Eng. Journalism xx. 152 You will find in its columns all the latest and fullest telegrams from every part of the world. 1884 Sir E. E. Kay in Law Times Rep. 26 Apr. 257/2 The audience are quite at liberty to take the fullest notes they like for their own personal convenience. 7 . Complete, entire, perfect. + (To be) in full will to : quite ready, eager to. Also full point, stop , for which see those words. O. E. Citron . an. 917 pa land leode. .^ebrohton hie on fullum fleame. a 1000 Booth. Metr. xxi. 8 Sece him eft hrasSe fulne friodom. c 1205 Lay. 29047 We wulleS mid fa uehten mid fullere strenSen. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 2611-2 pe bodys sal .. outher fan have ful ioy togyder, Or ful sorow. £1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 22 pei were .. in fuhville to suffre. .for fa love of ihesu Crist. 1399 Rolls of Parlt. III. 424/1 Whiche States .. gafen hem full auctorite and power. 1417 E. E. Wills (1882) 28 This testament is my voile & hole wille. 1551 Recorde Pathw. Knowl. 11. xlii, Foure longsquares.. and one full square. 1563 W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 17 Seen only in the morning and evening, when the light of the Sunne is not in his full force. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 240 'Faking a view of ourselves by this looking glasse to make full and just account. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. Ixxvi. 156 b, He gaue them for ful answere, that [etc.]. 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. v. i. 399 We shall make full satisfaction. 1622 Sparrow Bk. Com.Prayer (1661) 313 For our fuller perswation of this. 1631 Gouge God's Arrows iv. xiii. 391 In his time the Gos- pell shined out in her full brightnesse. 1638 Baker tr. Bal¬ zac's Lett. (vol. 111 .) 115 When a comely personage comes in place, .you shall have all husht .. onely to take a full view. 1652 C. B. Stapylton Herodian 11. 21 To make the matter full, there souldiers came Unknown unto Perennus. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. 1. 20 That the Prize may receive our full Broadside. 1701 Swift Contests Nobles <£ Com. Wks. 1755 II. 1. 33 Entering the scene in the time of a full peace. 1717 tr. Frezier's Voy. S. Sea 14 When it was full Day [vve spy’d] a very high Land. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. 1. § 5 We assured him, he was at full liberty to speak his mind. 1822-34 Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) II. 132 Full vomiting .. has also been very advantageously employed. 1838 Thirlwall Greece III. xx. 131 They received each a full suit of armour. 1843 Lefevre Life Trav. Phys. I. 1. i. 10, I was introduced to him in full form. 1845 P. Parley's Ann. VI. 36 White batenbrier often in full flower. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng . I. 439 When he declared himself a Roman Catholic, he was in full possession of his faculties. 1849 Claridge Cold Water-cure (1869) 211 The rabbit is now in full health and vigour.. 1874 Green Short Hist. iv. § 4.192 A seven years’ apprenticeship formed the necessary prelude to full membership of any trade-gild. 1875 Fortnum Majolica xii. 113 The Gubbio fabrique was in full work previous to 1518. b. Answering in every respect to a description ; possessed of all the qualifications, or entitled to all the privileges implied in a designation. Full brother, sister : born of the same father and mother (opposed to Half-brother). Full man : see quot. 1S67. O. E. Citron, an. 1036 He waes J?aeh full cyng ofer eall Engla land. 1508 Kennedie Fly ting 7 u. Dunbar 33 Bel- zebub thy full brothir will clame To be thyne air. 1570 Bury Wills (Camden) 156 Agnes my wyfe I doo ordeine and make my full executrix. 1604 Shaks. Oth. 11. i. 36 For I haue serv’d him, and the man commands Like a full soldier. 1606 — Ant. $ Cl. ill. xiii. 87 One that but per- formesThe bidding of the fullest man. 1634 Canne Necess. Separ. (1849) 2 3^ Their deacons are not to administer the sacraments, neither any of those which are full priests, but according to a popish liturgy. 1738 Swift Corr. Wks. 1841 II. 803 He proved the fullest rogue..in either kingdom. 1760 R. Heber Horse Matches ix. 143 Chub is full brother in blood to Mirza. 1810 Naval Citron. XXIII. 94 T. he term ‘ full passenger ’ is explained .. Every person above 16 years of age falls under that description, a 1825 Fair A ttnic xxxi. in Child Ballads iii. lxii. (1885) 73/2 ‘Then I’m your sister, Ann’, she says, ‘And Im a full sister to thee*. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word bk., Full man , a rating in coasters for one receiving whole pay, as being competent to all his duties; able seaman. 1883 American VI. 125. Mr. Frank Holl has been elected a full Royal Academician. 1891 D. Macrae G. Gilfillan 78 One full sister of Dr. Ander- FULL. 590 FULL. son and three full brothers died in youth. 1894 Doyle S. Holmes 148 A gallant veteran, who started as a full private. + c. Of a foe: Avowed, open. Of a friend: Thorough, trusty. (Cf. Entire 3 c.) Obs. 973 Will of VElflxd in Birch Cartul. Sax. III. 603 paethe beo..min fulla freo[n]d & forespreca. c 1275 Passion 174 in O. E. Misc. 42 per him cumep iudas, pat is my fulle i-vo. a 1300 Cursor M. 14780 pai him held pair ful fa. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus 1. 1059 Pandarus. .desirous to serve His fulle freend, than seyde in this manere. 8. Complete in number, quantity, magnitude or extent; reaching the specified or usual limit. Of the moon: Having the disc completely illumi¬ nated : cf. Full moon. Of the face, or front: Entirely visible to the spectator; advb. phr. (in) full face. Full pay (see quot. 1S67). c 1000 yEi.FRic Gen. 1 .10 Dai - hi^ wasron seofon da^as fulle. <21123 O. E. Chroti. an. 1013 Bead pa Sweden full Jsild. Ibid. an. 1031 Whenne past flod byp..ealra iullost. Ibid. an. 1106 Wasron gesewen twe^en monan .. be^en fulle. c 1205 Lay. 1632 Fulle seouen nihte heo somenede cnihtes. c 1315 Shoreham 45 So thes beth ordres folle sevene. c 1350 Will. Palerne 2745 At J?e fulle flod pei ferden to sayle. <71410 Citron. Eng-. 416 in Ritson II. 287 Able ant tuenti folle yer. 1463 Bury Wills (Camden) 16 Alle other that hath take the ful ordir of preesthod. c 1477 Caxton Jason 76 b, The whiche deyde assone as it was born for it had not his full time. 1535 Coverdale i Citron, xxii. 22 For y e full money shalt thou geue it me. 1559 W. Cunningham Cosmo^r. Glasse 98 Whan as the mone unto the world. .shining with face both full and round. i6ioShaks. Temp. 1. ii. 250 Thou did promise To bate me a full yeere. 1613 Purchas Pilgrim¬ age (1614) 401 And over ten thousands, which made a full regiment. Ibid. 740 One of their ships, .happened to strike on a great Whale with her full stemme. 1648 Gage West Ind. xii. 43 To visit Mexico (which was not two full miles from us). 1655 Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) 38/2 He lived to a full Age, about Seventy Years, or (following the account of Suidas for his Birth) Eighty. 1671 Milton P. R. i. 287, I knew the time Now full, that I no more should live obscure. 1700 S.L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 6 The full and regular pay begins only after they are passed the Tonnen. 1701 Lond. Gaz. No. 3756/15 Irish Usquebagh.. to be sold in full Quart Bottles. 1702 Addison Dial. Medals Wks. 1721 I. 538 The head of a Roman Emperor drawn with a full face. 1710 In full Front [see Front sb. 5 b]. 1715 Lond. Gaz. No. 5351/3 He will be .. pleased to allow Full-Pay to such Half-Pay Officers. 1723 Sir R. Blackmore Hist. Conspiracy 36 His Lieutenant Colonel, Major, and Captains, being named, and the Troops almost full. 1742 Lond. 4- Country Brew. 1. (ed. 4) 11 The Flour of the Grain will remain in its full Quantity. 1750 Beawes Lex Mercat. (1752) 250 When the Sea is full, the Admiral hath Jurisdiction there. 1753 Scots Mag. Feb. 100/1 The moon was ..full. 1784 Herschel in Phil. Trans. LXXIV. 262 Measure .. of the polar diameter 21" 15'" full measure, that is, certainly not too small. 1805 T. Lindley Voy. Brasil (1808) 102 A concert of sacred music was performed by a full band, with vocal parts. 1817 W. Selwyn Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 1252 The plaintiff - shall have full costs. 1853 Kingsley Hypatia xxix. 360 There Philammon waited a full half-hour. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 355 The muster was not a very full one. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bh., Full pay, the stipend allowed when on actual service. 1876 Voyle Milit. Diet. 153 Full Charges , in artillery, are the ordinary charges used with rifled projectiles. 1876 Humphreys Coin Coll. Man. vi. 54 The head of Apollo on the gold coin, .appears in full face. 1895 M. R. James Abbey St. Edmund at Bury 51 At top is Christ in a mandorla seated full-face with a book. b. Of an assembly, council, etc.: One from which none or few of the members are absent. 1557 Order of Iiospitalls C iv, Item That no Lease, alienation .. be .. done, of Lands or Tenements except at a Full Court. 1604 Shaks. Oth. iv. i. 275 Is this the Noble Moore, whom our full Senate Call all in all sufficient? 1834 Wallace in Mackintosh Hist. Rev. p. viii, He..kept the academic senate waiting for him in full conclave. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 78 James, .in full council declared it to be his pleasure that [etc.]. + c. Of a point in the compass : Exact, due (east, etc.). Cf. C. 3 b. Obs. rare. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. <5- Commw. 77 The Island is situated almost full North. Ibid. 122 On the full East doe the Alps divide it [France] from Italie. cl. In various phraseological combinations : as full flood', sea, tide (lit. and fg.) indicating the greatest height of the water, or the time when it is highest. Also fill tide, used altrib . and as adv . Full summer', the height of summer. Cf. B. 4 b. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 5174 It was full se. Ibid. 5178 And so it was full flode. 1574 Bourne Regiment for Sea 7 b, The Moone dooth make a full Sea at that place. 1576 Fleming Panopi. Epist. 395 Thinke you .. that your ebb is so lowe, that you are never like to have a ful tyde? 1648 Jos. Beaumont Psyche xiv. 83 Although the courteous Sun With free and ful-tide Raies about it flows. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 1. 16 Not so swift near full Sea as at other times. 1708 Mrs. Centlivre Busie Body 11. ii, Such Swi-m-ing in the Brain..carries many a Guinea full-tide to the Doctor. 1845 G. Murray Islaford 78 Fortune’s full- tide flowing. Shall bring him back to me. 1865 Trollope Belton Est. i. 5 It was full summer at Belton. 1867 Smyth Sailors Word-bh ., Full sea, high water. 1875 W. M c Il- wraith Guide Wigtownshire 140 The surf breaking over the rock at full flood. 1887 Spectator 25 June 859/2 At this Jubilee-time, when the whole nation is in the full tide of rejoicing. 9 . Possessed of, delivered with, or exerting the utmost force, f With a full arm, eye, mouth, soul : with the utmost strength of (the arm, etc.). c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 86/93 Loude he gradde with folle Mouth. C1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aynton xvii. 392 He., toke hym wyth a full arme .. in lyke wyse in maner of wrastelyng. 1509 Barclay Sltyp of Folys (1570) 99 It neuer loketh on man with eyes full But euer his heart by furious wrath is dull, a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon Ixvii. 230 Whom so euer he strake a full stroke neded after no surgyon. 1583 Hollyband Campo di Fior 121 Was better fixed in the memorie .. if I did speake with a full voice. 1609 Bible (D ouay) Isa. ix. 12 The Philisthiins. .slial devoure Israel with ful mouth. 1610 Shaks. Tetup. in. i. 44 For seuerall vertues Haue I lik’d seuerall women, neuer any With so full soule, but [etc.]. 1632 J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Ero- viena 28 Rush’t into the chamber .. and .. thrust at him a full stocada. 1634-5 Brereton Ti-av. (Chetham) 124 Presently favouring us. .with a full gale of wind. 1657 R. Ligon Barbadoes { 1673) 29 Bread .. has not here that full taste it has in England. 1694 Aec. Sev. Late Voy. 11. (1711) 38 If in a brisk Gale of a full Wind the Sails are all full and Round. 1700 S. L. tr. Fry he's Voy. E. Pul. 207 The Javians set up a full Huzza. 1783 J. C. Smyth in Med. Commun. I. 142 Pulse 68, full and strong. 1805 T. Lindley Voy. Z>>vwz 7 (1S08) 21 His pulse full and regular. b. Of light: Intense. Of colour : Deep, intense. 1657 R. Ligon Barbadoes (1673) 66 These leaves being., of a full green. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 26 View her with a full light transmitted through a Burning-glass. 1791 Hamilton Berthollet's Dyeing 1 .1.1. i. 19 The colour of the wool will be much more full and intense. 1842 Tennyson Locksley Hall 17 In the spring a fuller crimson comes upon the robin’s breast. 1869 Phillips Vesuv. xi. 303 Under the application of heat, amounting to a full red in iron. C. In various phraseological combinations : as full butt, cry, drive, gallop, jump, pack, pelt, pitch, retreat, sail, scent, speed, stretch, swing, tilt, etc.: for which see the words. 10 . Having a rounded outline; large, swelling, plump, protuberant. c 1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 268 Ealle eorplice lichaman beo|? fulran on weaxendum monan. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Httsb. hi. (1586) 115 The hoofe that is ful and fleshy, is not to be liked. 1627 Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. xi. 54 The longer a ship is, the fuller should be her Bow. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. 11. (1677) 178 A round Head, somewhat full on the top. 1688 Lond. Gaz. No. 2320/1 This Sultan Soliman is of a long, lean and pale Visage, with a full black Eye. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. iii. 32 Full round Faces, small black Eyes, .full Lips, and short Chins. Ibid. vi. 131 It is a high bluff, or full point of Land. 1698 Fryer Acc. E • India 4- P. 53 Where we took in fuller and larger Pepper than any yet. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 125 The Women . .fine large full Eyes, round Faces, and every Feature exact. 1803 Med. Jrnl. IX. 36 In proportion as the patient was full, robust and vigorous. 1840 Miss Mitford in L’Estrange Life (1870) III. vii. 109 She is..full enough to prevent the haggard look which comes upon women who grow thin at fifty, c 1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 152 Its use is to take out the snying edge occasioned by a full bow. 1894 J. E. Humphrey in Pop. Sci. Monthly XLIV. 494 The fruit is cut as soon as it is ‘ full \ b. Of portions of dress: Containing a superfluity of material which is arranged in gathers or folds. 1789 Mrs. Piozzi Journ. France I. 306 White silk petti¬ coat, exceedingly full and short. 1824 Miss Mitford Village Ser. 1. (1863) 213 An open gown..whose very full tail, .would have formed an inconvenient little train. 1862 Miss Yonge Stohesley Secret ii. 42 Alpaca frocks, rather long and not very full. 1891 Leeds Mercury 27 Apr. 4/7 Velvet sleeves, full and high on the shoulders. 11 . Naut. (with mixed notion of 1 and 10). Of a sail: Filled. Of the ship : Having her sails filled with wind; and in phrase keep (her, i. e. the ship) full. Full and by : see By adv. 1 d. Full for stays : see quot. 1627 [see By adv. 1 d]. 1697 Occasional Conformity 10 ’Tis like a Ship with her Sails hal’d some back, and some full. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789) Z ziij, You are all in the wind; keep her full ! 1805 Adm. Stirling in Naval CIi 7 ‘on. XV. 80 We .. had our main-top-sail full. 1838 Poe A. G. Pym Wks. 1864 IV. 15 We .. kept full, and started boldly out to sea. 1867 Smyth Sailor’s Word-bh., Fullfor Stays! The order to keep the sails full to preserve the velocity, assisting the action of the rudder in tacking ship. 1882 Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 148 When the fore sail is full , 1 Let draw 12 . Comb. a. with sbs. forming combinations used attrib.; as full-cream, -draught, -dug, -hand, -page, -plate, -power, -top, -value, -way, -weight. 1881 Chicago Times 16 Apr., The ^full-cream cheese manufactured in the states of Wisconsin and Illinois. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. II. iii. 46, I have manufactured a ^full- draught pipe for our smoky stove. 1852 Mcanderings of Mem. I. 79 Where *full-dug foragers at evening meet In Cow-bell concert. 1593 Nashe Christ's T. 22 The .. pro¬ fuse sacrificatory expences of *ful-hand oblationers. 1889 Spectator 14 Dec. 849 We may select for notice the *full- page illustrations of 1 Dundee ’ and ‘ Stirling ’. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch 4 * Clochm. 108 A *full plate watch has a top plate .. of a circular form. 1890 Times 18 Sept. 4/2 The Skipjack .. left Sheerness yesterday for the *full-power official trial of her machinery. 1723 Lond. Gaz. No. 6206/9 He is. .pale fac’d, a *full-top Wig. 1896 Daily News 31 Mar. 9/3 Any *full-value gold pieces in circulation will have to be called in. 1882 Wore. Exhib. Catal. iii. 49 Excelsior *full- way hot water valves. 1884 Knight Diet. Mech. IV, Full Way Valve, a pipe valve which lifts entirely out of the current. Also called a clear-way valve. 1866 Crumb Banhing x. 234 The Bank..would supply new and *full-weight coin. b. with pres, and pa. pples. forming combina¬ tions in which full stands as a complement; as full-built, -charged,-crammed, -farced, fed,-flower¬ ing, -flowing, -fraught, -freight, -freighted, -gorged, -made, -opening, -pulsing, -resounding, -stuffed, - swelling ; also fullfeeding vbl. sb. 1709 Loud. Gaz. No. 4510 The Hoy Burthen 9 or 10 Tun, very *full built forward. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII , 1. ii. 3, I stood i’ th’ leuell Of a *full-charg’d confederacie. 1827 Keble Chr. V, 1st Sund. in Lent, Thy full-charg’d vial standing by. 1613 Wither Satir. Ess. 11. ii. P j a, Emptying their *full cram’d bags. 1879 Huxley Hume i. 56 Unknown to this full-crammed and much-examined generation. 1578 Timme Caluine on Gen. 189 The place, .so *full-farssed and stuffed up. 1593 Shaks. Lucr. 594 The ^full-fed hound or gorged hawk, Make slow pursuit. 1887 Spectator 5 Mar. 320/1 We. .have a notion that full-fed authors do bad work. 1382 Wyclif Gen. xli. 20 Other seuen oxen .. the whiche . .no merke of *fulfedyng 3 ouun. 1577 St* Aug. Manual (Longm.) 12 The place of fulfeedyng by the plentifull run¬ ning streames. 1821 Keats Lamia 1. 44 The taller grasses and *full-flowering weed. 1605 Shaks. Lear v. iii. 74 Lady I am not well, else I should answere From a *full flowing stomack. 1832 Tennyson CEnonc 67 While I look’d And listen’d, .the fullflowing river of speech Came down upon my heart, c 1606 Fletcher Woman Hater 1. ii, His tables are *full fraught with most nourishing food. 1694 Echard Plautus 103 I’ll teach her how t’ act..and send her *full- fraight with my Tricks. 1740 Somerville Hobbinol HI. 356 A full-freight Ship, Blest in a rich Return of Pearl, or Gold. a 1711 Kf.n Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 319 His ^full- freighted Thought, Back on his Tongue, Hymn and Heroick brought. 1596 Shaks. Tam. Shr. iv. i. 194 She [my Faulcon] must not be *full gorg’d, For then she neuer lookes vpon her lure. 1781 Cowber Hope 509 The full-gorged savage. 1790 Pol. Misc. 58 With x full-made sleeves and pendant lace. 1730-46 Thomson Autumn 421 The pack * full-opening various. 1878 Morley Carlyle 189 No feeling for broad force and *full-pulsing vitality. 1737 Pope Hor. Epist. 11. i. 268 Dryden taught to join the *full-resounding line. 1613 Drayton Poly-olb. xiv. 118 When twixt their burly Stacksand *full-stuft Barnes they stand. 1748 Thomson Cast. Indol. 1. 297 Each spacious room was one *full-swelling bed. c. parasynthetic, as full-bagged, -banked, -bellied, -bloomed, -blossomed, -bosomed, -bowed, -brained, -busted, -buttocked, -cheeked, -chested, - clustered, -eared, feathered, -flanked, -fleshed, -flocked, -foli- aged, formed, -fortuned, -fronted, -fruited, + -gas- kined, -haired, -handed, -happinessed, -/launched, -headed,-hipped, -jointed, -leaved, -licensed,-limbed, -measured, -minded, -natured, -necked, -paunched, -persotted, -powered, -proportioned, -rayed, -rigged, -roed, -sailed (lit. and fig.)? - shouldered', -shed, -skirted, -souled, J* -speeched, -sphered, -statured (lit. and fig.)? -stomached, • streamed, -throated, -timed, -toned, -tushed, -uddered, - voiced, - weighted, -whiskered, -winged, -witted, -wombed. 1613 Drayton Poly-olb. xiv. 227 The *full-bagd Cow. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Wks. 15 No full bag’d man would euer durst haue entered. 1622 Drayton Poly-olb. xxviii. 205 Many a*full-bankt Flood. 1681 Lond. Gaz. No. 1638/8 Stolen, .a dark Brown Nag. .pretty *full-bellied,and reason¬ able fat. 1646 Crashaw Steps to Temple 21 Lo ! a mouth, whose *full-bloom’d lips At two deare a rate are roses. 1840 Longf. Sp. Stud. 1. iii, The *full-blossomed > trees filled all the air with fragrance. 1603 Drayton ToMaiestie K. James A iv, The fruitfull and *ful-bosom’d Spring. 1883 Harper s Mag. Aug. 376/2 The *full-bowed schooners lean over on the beach at low tide. 1596 Fitz-Geffray Sir F. Drake (1881) 26 Whose *ful-braind temples deck’t with laurell crowne. 1864 Tennyson En. Ard. 539 Her *full-busted figure head Stared o’er the ripple feathering from her bows. 1672 Lond. Gaz. No. 657/4 A Bay Mare .. with .. a black List down the Buttock, and *full Buttockt. 1686 Ibid. No. 2145/4 ElizabethTildel. .short and black, *full-cheek’d. a 1711 Ken Preparatives Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 92 It chanc’d, just as the full-cheek’d Moon Reach’d her nocturnal Noon. 1681 Lond. Gaz. No. 1620/4 A black brown Gelding..short Neck, *full Chested. 1645 Quarles Sol. Recant, vii. 19 *Full clusterd Vineyards.. 1635 — Emblems 1. ii. Epig. 2 A*full-ear’d Crop, and thriving. 1845 Mrs. Norton Child of Islands (1846) 107 Whose mass of full-eared sheaves the reapers bind. 1806 Surr Winter in Lond. (ed. 3) II. 254 Barton is a *full-feathered pigeon. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb . 111.298 Many a plump-thigh’d moor & *ful-flank’d marsh. 1832 Motherwell Poet . Wks. (1847) 4^ In *full-fleshed pride, Bright roses burst in June. 1622 Drayton Poly-olb. xxvi. 38 The large, and goodly *full-flockd Oulds. 1807-8 W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 187 The whispers, of the *full-foliaged grove fall on the ear of contemplation. 1727-46 Thomson Summer 823 The *full-formed maids of Afric. 1606 Shaks. Ant. 4- Cl. iv. xv. 24 Th' Imperious shew Of the *full- Fortun’d Caesar. 1895 Daily News 20 Mar. 7/1 A ^full- fronted coat. i853HicKiEtr.^rA/) At the position or moment of fullness; in the state of fullness (cf. 4 c). c 1340 Cursor M. 4008 (Trin.) But who so god helpe wol May sauely go at pe fol. c 1380 Wyclif Church 4- Members Sel. Wks. Ill. 347 Lord ! where he were not charged at the fulle as apostlis weren. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xv. exxvii. (1495) 536 A penne maye not wryte at full the praysynge of this kyngdom. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iv. xxxii. 81 They ben wel ioynted and myghtely boned so that they ben strong at the fulle. 1563 Homilies 11. Agst. Gluttony (1859) 2 99 They that use to drinke deeply and to feed at full. 1632 J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Ei'omena 171 Satisfying, .the rest of his demands at full. 1662 Gerbier Princ. 35 Eight Foote in length, being at full the space which the Horse doth possess when, .he lyeth stretcht on his Litter. 1667 Milton P. L. i. 641 His regal state Put forth at full. 1705 Hearne Collect. 22 Nov., Giving his Reasons at full. 1742 Young Nt. Th. v. 878 He drops his mask; Frowns out at full. 1790 Burke Ft. Rev. 66 The power of the house of commons, .is., great; and long may it be able to preserve its greatness, .at the full. 1874 Mickle- thwaite Mod. Par. Churches 186 Having certain jets turned on at full. b. In (f the) full: (a.) with reference to a statement, etc.: At full length, in extenso ; ( b ) Of payments, receipts, etc.: To the full amount. In full of: in full discharge or satisfaction of. fA leg in the full : one that is plump and well rounded. 1552 J. Caius Sweating Sickness 4 A woorke of Erasmus ..I dyd geue..not in the ful as the authore made it, but abbreuiate. 1602 Marston Ant. 4- Mel. iii. Wks. 1856 I. 36, I have a good head of haire.. a legge, faith, in the full. 1679-88 Seer. Serv. Money Chas. 4 * las. (Camden) 35, 37U 5 s 9'*, in full of a former bill for that service. 1704 J. Pitts Acc. Ma¬ hometans 23 The Cause.. may be for not paying in full to two or three Shillings. 1741 Richardson Pamela II. 368 To assign her Five Hundred Pounds, in full of all her Demands upon her Family. 1754-62 Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) IV. liv. 177 Eight hundred and fifty pounds a day, in full of their subsistence. 1781 Cowper Convers. 201 A satisfactory receipt in full. 1879 Lazo Rep. 14 Q. Bench Div. 814 A sufficient sum to pay the trade-creditors of my aforesaid sons in full. 1885 Manch. Exam. Nov. 3/2 Reproducing in full instead of simply summarising the. .documentary material. c. To the full (also f to full) : to the utmost extent, completely, fully, quite. Also + to satiety. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xxi. 413 May no. .presiouse drynkes Moyst me to pe fulle. c 1430 Freemasonry 682 The angele Gabryelle, Wol kepe hem to the ful welle. 1577 St. Aug. Manual (Longm.) 114 Although I cannot do it to the full in this lyfe: yet let me profite from day to day untill it may come to trhe full. 1611 Bible Exod. xvi. 3 When we did eate bread to the full. 1628 Gaule Pract. Theorists Paneg. 60 Done, Done to full, whatsoe’re he came to doe. 1648 Gage West Ind. xxi. 190 We thought our money had satisfied them .. to the full. 1701 Penn in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. IX. 53, I must expect my right to the full. 1798 G. Washington Lett. Writ. 1893 XIV. 73 To keep them out of it; or which is to the full as likely, to direct them into another course. 1885 L'poolDaily Post i.June 5/4 The University match promises to illustrate to the full the delightful uncertainty of cricket. 2 . =Fill sb . 1 1. Now rare. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. vi. 266 Arise vp ar appetit haue eten his fulle. 1607 Tofsell Four-f. Beasts ( 1658) 187 If they eat Walnuts (and not to their full) unripe. 1648 Gage West Ind. xiii. 76 Here is now enough, drink thy full of it. 1862 Merivale Rom. Emp. (1871) V. xliv. 281 These flies, he said, have nearly sucked their full. 1874 Dasent Tales fr. Fjeld 152 Tom Toper had eaten his full. Ibid . 178 They had all stared their full. + b. The quantity that fills (a receptacle). Obs. [app. evolved from -ful 2.] 1799 Spirit Publ. Jrnls. (1800) III. 7 The full of his hat is the standard of his corn measures. 3 . Complete scope, entire range; entire amount or sum total; completeness, fullness. + In adverbial phrase, All the full: in all its fullness or complete¬ ness (obs.). Now rare . c 1330 Arth. 4* Merl. 8433 What pou se al fie fulle, Wiche socour don we schulle. c 1400 Destr. Troy 13855 When the freike had the fulle of xv teno yeres. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. (1812) I. 689 They shulde playnly shewe the full of his entencyon and mynde. 1592 Daniel Delia Poems (1717) 409 Her tender Bud doth undisclose That Full of Beauty, Time bestows upon her. 1670 Cotton Espeimon 1.11.49 The Lords of Guise had the full of their own demands. 1720 De Foe Capt. Singleton x. (1840) 172, I should not be able to recollect the full, .of the great variety. 1734 Snelgrave Guinea 4- Slave Trade 55 Afterwards we experienced the full of what he told us. 1843 J. H. Newman Apologia (1864) 358 With my opinions, to the full of which I dare not confess. 1890 W. C. Russell Ocean Trag. II. xix. 134 Sleeping as he did, right in the ‘eyes’, he got the very full of the motion. 4 . The period, point, or state of the greatest full¬ ness or strength. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vii. lxix. (1495) 287 One manere medicyne nedyth in the begynnynge of the euyll, and a nother in the fulle, and a nother in passynge therof. c 1400 Dest?\ Troy 12560 [The] stones at the full of the flode [were] flet all aboue. 1611 Steed Hist. Gt. B?dt. vii. xxxi. 317 Empires, .haue their risings, their fuls, and their fals. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 399 Their [the Romanes’] Empire was growing to the full. C1621 S. Ward Life of Faith (1627) 97 Whiles he was. .in the full of his prosperity. b. Of a month or season: The height, the middle. 1658 Evelyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 143 The perfect season to sow Melon-seeds, is in the full of february. 1855 Browning Another Way of Love i, June was not over Though past the full. 1858 Motley Corr. (1889) I. 327 The highest circles of London in the full of the season. c. The full of the moon (also ellipt. the full and in phr. at full) : the period or state of complete illumination of the moon’s disc. c 1386 Chaucer Frankl. T. 341 Thanne shal she [the moon] been euene atte fulle alway. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. lviii. (1495) 174 Beestes and trees haue passynge plenteof humours and of marowe in the fulle of the mone. 1559 W. Cunningham Cosmogr. Glassc 149 Before the Full, and after the change, she shineth presently, the sonne being set. 1598 Yong Diana 309 The fuls and wanes of the Moone. a 1652 Bromic Queene's Exch. 11. i. Wks. 1873 III. 473 Bright Cynthia in her full of Lustre. 1664 Butler Hud. 11. iii. 262 He made an Instrument to know If the Moon shine at full or no. 1686 Plot Staffordsh. 431 The Paschal Moone, whose Full fell, .next after the Vernal Equinox. 1720 De Foe Capt. Singleton vii. (1840) 123 The moon was near the full. 1794 Trans. Soc. Arts XII. 245 Every full and change of the moon. 1818 M. G. Lewis Jml. W. Ind. (1834) 28 She is to be at her full to-morrow. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge i, The moon is past the full, and she rises at nine. fig. 1590 Nashe PasquiTs Apol. 1. C, Heere his wit is at the fullest, and presentlie it beginneth to wane againe. 5 . The full grasp (of the hand). 1833 Regul. Instr. Cavalry 1. 59 The bridoon rein .. to be held in the full of the bridlehand. 6. Crown fulls : Herrings of the best brand (see quot. 1864 in A. 1. e). 1892 Berzuick Advertiser 16 Sept. 3/6 Not a single barrel of crown fulls has been branded this summer. 17 . A set (of kettles). Obs. (? Another word.) 1466 Mann. 4- Househ. Exp. 206 My mastyr paid, .for iij. kettelles calde a ffulle, iij.s. vj.d. 1502 Arnolde Chr on. (1811) 237 Full is off ketellis redy bownde, the full, at iij.s’. iiij. d’. 1528 Sir R. Weston in Dillon Calais 4* Pale (1892' 91 Item, of every fulle [ printed fulte] of kettles j' 1 . 1660-1 Nezucastle Merch. Advent. (Surtees) 202 Railph Fell..petitioned for a full of battery seized on. C. adv. 1 . Simply intensive : Very, exceedingly. a. with adjs. of quality. Now only poet. c 888 K. /Elfred Bocth. xi. § 1 Manege beop peah aegper ge full aepele ge full welige and beop peah full unrote, c 1000 Ags. Ps. (Th.) lxxxviiifij. 3 [4] Ic .. geworhte ful sefte seld, pset hi saeton on. a 1200 Moral Ode 75 in Trin. Coll. Horn. 222 Heuene and er 5 e he ouersihS his eien be 3 ful brihte. c 1300 Cursor M. 21061 (Edin.) Ful elde [quen pat] he seich his endedai him nei3and neich. C1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) £09 ^ee, ful deer breperen. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cimrg. no pese boonys in oon partie ben ful hard, c 1420 Sir Amadace (Camd.) xxvii, Sir Amadace toke leue atte alle, Un-semand with fulle glad chere. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladyc 7 Praye for oure right poure and full wretched soulle. 1461 Past on Lett. No. 416 II. 51 To my full worshipfull. .maister. 1482 Inv. ofW. Pelle (Somerset Ho.) The Full Reverend Fadur in God John Archepysshop of Canterbury, a 1550 Christis Kirke Gr. 1. iii, Fou 3ellovv yellow wes hir heid. 1590 Spenser F. Q. i. viii. 17 Came hurtling in full fierce. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII, 1. i. 133 Anger is like A full hot Horse. 1640 J. Dyke Woz'thy Commun. 56 Full faine wilt thou be to have Christ Jesus to receive thy soule. 1741 Richardson Pamela I. 70 And I suppose too, she’ll say, I have been full pert. 1869 Jean Ingelow Lily 4- Ltde 11. 104 O, full sweet, and O, full high, Ran that music up the sky. b. with adjs. of quantity or indefinite numerals. Now only arch, in full many. a 1300 Cursor M. 17288 + 39 Ful litel while it was pat he in ioy wald bee. 13.. E. E. A Hit. P. C. 18 For pay schal comfort encroche in kypes ful mony. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 40 Fulle fo [printed so] frendes he had. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) xviii. 198 In that Lond is full mochelle waste, c 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 1278 [She] lete falle fulle many a tere. 1477 Norton Ord. A Ich. Proem in Ashm.(i652) 10 Full few Clerks. 1557 North Gueuara's Diall Pr. * ij a, Gen. Prol., Q ivb, Fill few are the pleasures which Princes enioy. 1750 Gray Elegy xiv, Full many a gem of purest ray serene. 1820 Keats St. Agzies v, Old dames full many times declare. 1853 Kingsley Hypatia xiv. 168 Philammon would have gone hungry to his couch full many a night. c. with advbs. Now arch., chiefly in full well. r888 K. /Elfred Boeth. xxxviii. § 5 pa men pe habbaj> unhale eagan, ne magon ful eape locian ongean pa sunnan. a 1000 Byrhtnoth 311 (Gr.) He ful baldlice beornas lserde. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 29 pa iuguleres and pa o 3 er sottes alle heo habbe 5 an pone fulneh. a 1225 Auer. R. 90 ‘ Vbi amor, ibi oculus*; wite pu fulewel. a 1300 Cursor M. 1800 (Giitt.) Allas ! fule late pai paim began. C1300 Harrozu. Hell 100 Jesu, wel y knowe the! That ful sore reweth me. 1382 Wyclif i Macc. vi. 62 The kyng..brake fulsoone the ooth that he swore. C1450 Merlin 25 Full euell haue ye sped that thus haue slayn youre kynge. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon i. 35 He thenne kyssed his childe alle bloody full often. 1529 Frith Wks. (1573) 98 Christ full lowly and meekely washed his disciples feete. 1600 Holland Livy viii. xxxviii. (1609) 310 Let them buy it full deerly. 1635 J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Banish'd Virg. 206 Full litle slept the Duke that night. 1667 Milton P. L. 1. 536 The imperial ensign .. full high advanced, Shone like a meteor, a 1711 Ken Christophil Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 523 Full well I know my Jesus present there. 1782 Cowper Gilpin 79 Full slowly pacing o’er the stones. 1818 Wordsw. Had this effulgence iv, Full early lost, and fruitlessly deplored. 1875 Helps Ess., Transact. Business 73 Those who can seem to forget what they know full well. 2. Completely, entirely, fully, quite. a. with adjs., esp. numerals. Also Full due (see quots. 1867 and 1895). a 1000 Bocth. Metr. xxvi. 33 Aulixes. .saet longe paes tyn winter full, c 1340 Cursor M. 9227 (Trin.) Sip pis world bigon to be Is foure pousonde six hundride fol. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus 1. 378 Thus argumentyd he, inhisbygyn- nyng, Ful unavysed of his wo cominge. 1552 Bk. Com. Prayer, Ordination, Full .xxiiii. yeres olde. 1577 Googe Heresbach’s Husb. 1. (1586)27 It waxeth greater, and..is within fourtie dayes after ful ripe. 1610 Shaks. Temp. 1. ii. 396 Full fadom fiue thy Father lies. 1653 Sir E. Nicho¬ las in N. Papers (Camden) II. 6 Being now not full 13 years of age. c 1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 11 We were full an hour passing that hill. 1812 Examiner 5 Oct. 634/1 New Beans are full 6 s. per quarter lower : but old ones fully support their price. 1825 Cobbett Rur. Rides 245 A hill of full a mile high. 1863 Kingsley Water Bab. 9 He weighed FULL. 592 FULLAGE. full fifteen stone. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk ., Fulldue, for good; for ever; complete; belay. 1871 Palgrave Lyr. Poems 35 She. .Blushed like the full-ripe apple. 1874 Stubbs Const. Hist. I. iii. 50 As being a full-free member of the community. 1884 Reade in Harpers Mag. Mar. 637/2 ‘ I condemned it ten years ago’. ‘ Full that..,’ said Pierre. 1895 E. Anglian Gloss., Full due, final acquit¬ tance, for good and all. b. with advbs. Now rare. 1382 Wyclif Josh. vi. 5 And the wallis of the cyte [Jericho] shulen fuldoun falle. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. clxii. 200 Kynge Johan was that day a full right good knyght. ta 1550 Frere Boyc 134 in Ritson Anc. P. P. 40 Than drewe it towarde nyght, Jacke hym hyed home full ryght. 1746 Chesterf. Lett. (1792) I- cv. 288 He articulated every word .. full loud enough to be heard the whole length of my library. 1833 H. Martineau Tale of Tyne vi. 116 Adam, as I told you, I saw full enough of. c. with advbl. phrases. Also in full as, full as (or f so) . . . as. 1529 More Comf. agst. Trib. in. Wks. 1215/2 Though menne shoulde neuer stande full out of feare of fallynge. 1670 Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (17n) 52 Some Swans but not full so large as ours. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India <$• P. 215 The Topaz is a Stone very hard, full as hard as the Saphire. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 11. vi, They lived, though .. concealed, yet full at large. 1752 Young Brothers iii. i, To mount full rebel-high. 1762 Foote Lyar 11. Wks. 1799 I. 302 You will be full as useful to it by recruiting her subjects at home. 1796 Mrs. Glasse Cookery v. 53 Butter put into the dripping-pan does full as well. 1825 in Cobbett Rur. Rides (1885) II* 38, I should get full as much by keeping it [the story] to myself. 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer. III. 92 To the English reader they are full as interesting as to Americans. f d. Ful iwis, fuliwis, to fuliwis : full cer¬ tainly, for certain, assuredly. Obs. c 1200 Ormin 2529 patt witt tu fuliwiss. c 1205 Lay. 26841 Ich wulle bitachen pe ful iwis minne castel inne Paris, c 1220 Bestiary 563 Fro 5 e noule niSerward ne is ;e no man like, Oc fis to fuliwis. c 1300 Harrow. Hell 55 Fore Adames sunne, fol y-wis, Ich have tholed al this. e. Full out: to the full, fully, out and out, quite, thoroughly. Obs. exc. dial. 1382 Wyclif Isa. xii. 6 Ful out io3e, and preise, thou dwelling of Sion, c 1400 Prymer, Litany in Masked Mon. Rit. (1846-7) II. 106 Lord, make saaf the king: and ful out heere thou us in the dai that we shulen inclepe thee, a 1500 Chancer s Drone 2138 Archbishop and archdiacre Song full out the servise. 1600 Abp. Abbot Exp. Jonah 624 This number must definitely be taken for so many thousands full out, that [etc.]. 1615 Bp. Andrewes Serm. (1629) 485 Sacrilege the Apostle rankes with Idolatrie ; as being full out as evill. 1676 Halley in Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men (1841) I. 226 Mr. Mercator is full out as obscure in his treatise of Mars. 1699 T. C[ockman] Fully’ s Oflees (1706) 201 And Lucius Crassus. .was full-out as generous. 1869 in Lonsdale Gloss. 3 . Of position and direction : Exactly, directly, straight. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanhedd s Cong. E. Ind. lxvii. 137 Our Ordinance beeing shot off, did all light full amongst the enimies. 1584 R. Scot Discov. Witcher. 11. v. (1886) 20 [They] dare not looke a man full in the face. 1632 Lithgow Trav. vi. 248 An olde Arch of stone..standing ful in the high Way. 1674 N. Cox Genii. Recrcat. iii. (1677) 13 Aiways, .shoot..rather side-ways, or behinde the Fowl, than full in their faces. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India $ P. 25 For which the Winds served them well enough, though full in our Teeth. 1702 Pope Jan. $ May 456 Full in the centre of the flow’ry ground A crystal fountain spreads its streams around. 1801 Southey Thalaba x. xvii, Full in his face the lightning-bolt was driven. 1832 H. Martineau Demerara ii. 16 With these principles full in his mind, he began to observe all that surrounded him. 1883 E. Inger- soll in Harper’s Mag. Jan. 196/1 A sudden escape from curtaining oak branches brought us full upon the summit. b. With reference to the points of the compass: Due. See Due B. 2. ? Obs. 1559 W. Cunningham Cosmogr. Glasse 146 Untill she commeth to the Meridian Circle, and is full South. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 79 Before Zacynthus 35 miles full East, are the two Strophades. 1670 Eachard Cont. Clergy Pref. A school that stands full south. 1708 Brit. Apol. No. 93. 2/1 The. .Wind is. .Full East. 1720 De Foe Capt. Single- ton ix. (1840) 154 The one [way] was to travel full west. 14 . With vbs. or pples.: Fully, completely, en¬ tirely, quite, thoroughly. Obs. c 900 tr. Beeda’s Hist. 11. xiv. [xvi.] (1890) 144 BifulcuSum straetum. 1154 O. E. Chron. an. 1083 Hi comon into capitu- lan on uppon pa munecas full ^ewepnede. 1340 Ayenb. 107 Huer-by we ssolle by zuo uol dronke of pine loue pet [etc.]. 1430-40 Lydg. Bochas 1. ix. (1544) 17 a, He was brought forth and recured And full made hole of his woundes sore. 1529 More Com/, agst. Trib. 11. 1182/2 Then he feareth that he bee neuer full confessed, nor neuer full con¬ trite. 1611 Bible John vii. 8 My time is not yet full come. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 508 Our Reader, .being before full cloyed with our tedious Narrations. 1697 Dry- den Virg. Georg, in. 319 When once he's broken, feed him full and high. 1807 Med. Jrnl. XVII. 237 He had the small-pox. .again very full. 5 . Comb. + a. with vbs. : full-bring [cf. OFris. ful-branga, Ger. vollbringen ] traits, to accomplish; full-burn intr., to blaze forth, follow hotly; full- forth [ + Forth ».] traits., to accomplish, com¬ plete ; full-make traits., to complete, perfect; full-serve traits., to serve fully ; full-sound intr., to sound loudly; full-timber trans., to build completely; full-thrive intr ., to thrive to the full; full-work [OK. full-wyrcan = OHG .fol{l)awur- chan] trans., (a) OE. to perpetuate; (/>) to com¬ plete. Obs. c 1200 Ormin 16335 Jure temmple timmbredd wass, & all *fullbrohht till ende. 1382 Wyclif Gen. xxxi. 36 For what my synne, has thow thus *fulbrent [Vulg. exarsisti ] after me. a 1175 Cott. Horn. 237 His 3iaf miht and strenepe purl pe gief of his gaste his hesne to *fulfor 3 ie. c 1200 Ormin 15597 •'Erpann piss temmple mihhte ben Fullwrohht & all fullforpedd. a 1300 E. E. Psalter xvi[i]. 5 *Ful- make mi steppes in sties pine. 1490 Caxton Eneydos xx vii. 104 Ful make thoblacyon to pluto. 1340 Ayenb. 33 And me kan zigge huo pet seruep and na}t "uol-seruep his ssepe he lyest. 1382 Wyclif Judg. vii. iS Whanne the trompe *fulsowneth in myn hoond. c 1200 Ormin 5130 Swa *fullprifenn patt itt nohht Ne ma33 na mare waxxenn. Ibid. 16321 Godess temmple. .wass i sexe ^eress all and fow- werrti3 *fulltimmbredd. a 1035 Cnut's Laws 11. c. 61 (Schmid) Gif hwa on fyrde griSbryce *fulwyrce. c 1200 Fullwrohht [see quot. for fullforth above], b. with pres, and pa. pples. (cf. A. 12 b, to which some of these might be referred), as full-acco?n- plished , -acorned , - adjusted , -armed, -assembled, -assured, -beamitig, -bearing, -born, -bound, -buckramed, -descending, -digested, -distended, •\-drive{n, -exerted, -extended, -fashioned , + -fast, -fatted, -fledged, -glowing, + -greased, \ -knowing, t - known , -levelled, -manned, -nerved, -plumed, -ripened, -spread, -strained, -trimmed, -tuned, f -waxen ; + full-begotten, lawfully begotten, legitimate; full-blown 1, filled with wind, puffed out {lit. and fig .); see Blow v. 1 22 ; full-blown 2 , in full bloom {lit. and fig.) ; see Blow v. 2 1 ; full- stated (see quot.). 1726-46 Thomson Winter 668 Indulge her fond ambition.. To mark thy various *full-accomplished mind. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. 11. v. 16 Like a *full Acorn’d Boare. 1730-46 Thom¬ son Autumn 835 The *full-adjusted harmony of things. 1776 Mickle tr. Camoens ’ Lusiad 31 *Full-arm’d they came, for brave defence prepared. 1735 Thomson Liberty iii. 260 Her -full-assembled Youth innumerous swarm'd. 1839 Bailey Festus xix. (1848) 220 The *full-assured faith. 1735 Somerville Chase 11. 142 Had not her Eyes, With Life *full-beaming, her vain Wiles betray’d. 1896 Daily News 17 June 4/5 The thousand acres is never all *full- bearing altogether. 1636 Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. 182 Your Father counteth you not a bastard : *full-begotten bairns are nurtured. 1615 J. Stephens Satyr. Ess. 3 With cheeks Tull blowne Each man will wish the case had beene his owne. ^1635 Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 15 A time in which (for externals) she was full blown. 1635-56 Cow¬ ley Davideis 11. 735 Some did the Way with full-blown Roses spread. 1693 Dryden Persius 1. 254 Who at enormous Villany turns pale, And steers against it with a full-blown Sail. 1699 Bentley Phot. 414 Full blown with the opinion of his wonderfull Acuteness. 1749 Johnson Vanity Hum. Wishes 99 In full-blown dignity, see Wolsey stand. 1878 Browning La Saisiaz 20 Flower that’s full-blown tempts the butterfly. 1821 Keats Lamia 1. 172 Whither fled Lamia, now a lady bright, A "full-born beauty new and exquisite. 1766 W. Gordon Gen. Counting-ho. 319, 45 barrels Tull bound mess-beef. 1851 Ofic. Catal. Gt. Exhib. II. 545 Bible, 8vo., full-bound in maroop Turkey morocco. 1833 Ht. Martineau Berkeley the Banker 1. i. 7 The Tull- buckramed fancy dresses of the young gentlemen. 1715-20 Pope Iliad xx. 460 The impatient steel with TuH-descend- ing sway Forced through his brazen helm its furious way. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 419 We shall.. partake in the expertness and *full-digested remembrance belonging to that. 1728-46 Thomson Spring 185 The Tull-distended clouds Indulge their genial stores, c 1386 Chaucer Frankl. T. 502 This bargayn is *ful dryue, for we been knyt. 1726-46 Thomson Winter 171 Before the breath Of Tull-exerted heaven they wing their course. 1730-46 —Autumn 1119 The long lines of Tull-extended war In bleeding flight commixed. 1883 Glasg. Weekly Her. 21 Apr. 8/2 Ladies* Tull-fashioned black Lisle thread hose, c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 61 Pa odre weren Tulfeste sone. 1382 Wyclif Deut. xxxii. 15 Ful fat maad is the loued, and a3en wynsed; *ful-fattid, fulgresid, outlargid. 1884 Tunes (weekly ed.) 7 Nov. 8/2 A tutor’s pay is only about a third of that of a Tull-fledged professor. 1895 Sir W. Harcourt Sp. in Ho. Com. 14 May, A full-fledged butterfly. 1863 I. Williams Baptistery 1. viii. (1874) 89 The sun..Blending them in the golden blazonry Of his Tull-glowing orb. 1382 *Ful-gresid [see full-fatted ]. 1612 Selden Drayton’s Poly-olb. To Rdr., What the Verse oft with allusion, as supposing a Tull knowing Reader, lets slip. 1386 Rolls of Par It. III. 225/1 Nichol Brembre.. with stronge honde, as it is *ful knowen.. was chosen Mair. 1701 Norris Ideal World 1. i. 6 This is v staring, with a Tull-levelled eye, the great luminary of spirits in the face. 1606 Shaks. Ant. $ Cl. iii. vii. 52 Our ouer-plus of shipping will we burne, And with the rest Tull mann’d, from th’ head of Action Beate th* approaching Caesar. 1839 Bailey Festus vii. (1848) 70 Dare with Tullnerved arm the rage of all. c 1630 Drumm. of Hawth. Elegy on G. Adolphus Wks. (1711) 54 With *full plum’d wing thou faulkon-like could fly. 1861 Thornbury Turner (1862) I. 58 He will be a full- plumed Royal Academy Student. 1878 Masque Poets 214 Brings to northern shores Tull-ripened tropic fruits. 1660 Dryden Astreea Redux 64 With Tull-spread sails to run before the wind. 1748 Thomson Castl. Indol. 1. 209 Slow from his bench arose A comely full-spread porter, swol’n with sleep. 1867 Smith Sailor s Word-bk., Full spread, all sail set. 1746 Exmoor Scolding 405 (E. D. S.) Ya know es kepChallacomb-MoorinHond; tes*vull stated. Ibid., Full- stated, spoken of a Leasehold Estate that has Three Lives subsisting thereon. 1757 Dyer Fleece iii. 169 Sinewy arms of men, with *full strain’d strength, Wring out the latent water. 1826 Scott Mai. Malagr. ii. 59 A *full-trimmed suit of black silk, or velvet. 1842 Tennyson Love <$• Duty 40 When thy low voice, Faltering, would break its syllables, to keep My own *full-tuned. c 1200 Ormin 10890 He wass Tull- waxenn mann. t Pull, v. 1 Obs. Forms : 1 ful(l)wian, fullian, 3-4 folle(n, 3 south . volle(n, 3 fulhe(n, vu^en, fulewen, folewen, 2-4 fulwe(n, ful}e, 2 fule(h)- 3©n, 4 folwen, fologhe. 5 folowe, 4-6 full©, (4 fully). [OE. fullian, fullwian, f. Full adv. + OTeut. *wihejan, wihjan (OHG. wthen, mod.Ger. 7ueihe?i) to consecrate, f. *iviho- (OS., OHG. will , . Goth. 7veihs) holy. The word thus means * to consecrate fully '. A convert who was deemed not sufficiently instructed for baptism, or who shrank from assuming the responsibilities which it involved, was frequently prime-signed , i.e. marked with the sign of the cross only, the ‘ full consecration ’ by baptism being deferred till a later period.] trans. To baptize. C900 tr . Bxda’s Hist. 1. xv. [xxvi.] (1890) 62 Ongunnon heo somnian & singan..& men laeran & fulwian. ^ 1000 Martyrol. (E. E. T. S.) 80 He waes jefullwad aet Rome. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. John 1. 33 Se pe me sende to fullianne on waetere. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 101 Heo setteS heoran handan ofer ifuljede men. c 1205 Lay. 2402 pe king heo lette fulwen after pon lawen. a 1225 Leg. Kath . 1391 Hwi ne hihe we for to beon Ifulhet [v.r. ifulhtnet] as he het his. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 239 As 3oure fader dude, do, And be yuolled in holy water. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. 164 Alle am laped luflyly. .pat euer wern fulled in font pat fest to haue. c 1380 6Yr Femnnb. 5697 He wolde fully, .pan Amyral pat was pere. c 1430 Chev. Assigne 369 The sixte was fulwedde cheuelere assigne. c 1450 Myrc 85 To folowe the chylde 3ef hyt be nede.^ 1483 Festivall (W. de W. 1515) 32 b, Cryste..was fulled in water. Pull (ful), v. 2 Also 4 follen, full©(n. [f. Full a. OE. had fullian to fulfil (i Caedmon’s Gen. 2317), but con¬ tinuity is doubtful; in the early ME. fullen the u prob. represents ii, so that the examples belong to Fill v.] •pi. tratis . To make full. Cf. Fill v. i. Obs. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. v. 184 In couenant that Clement schulde the cuppe fulle. a 1400 Prymer (1891) 39 Thanne is oure mouth fulled of joye. 1484 Caxton Fables of VEsop (1889) 7 2 Be was .. fulled with sorowe. 1627-47 Feltham Resolves 1. lxxxvii. 270 Surely travail fulleth the man. b. intr. To be or become full. Const, of. Obs. exc. dial, and in U. S. of the moon. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. xi. 44 Thei .. demeth god in-to the gorge whon heore gottus follen. c 1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 343 Myn heed dullyth Myn herte ffullyth Of sslepp. 1864 Webster, The moon fulls at midnight. Mod. Suffolk dial. (F. Hall) ‘ The moon will full to-night + 2 . trans. To fulfil, complete. Obs. 1380 [see Fulling vbl. sb.]. 1492 Acta Dorn. Cone. (1839) 247/1 pe saidis persons sail mak na payment of the said soume quhill the poyntis of pe said decrett be fullit efter the forme of pesamyn. 1640 Brome Antipodesm. viii. Wks. 1873 III. 290 Before he has given her satisfaction I may not full my suit. 3 . Dressmaking. To make full; to gather or pleat. Also with on. 1831 Westm. Rev. XIV. 424 The milliner with her fulling, and quilling, and puckering, come[s] in to supply the retiring graces of nature. 1832 E. Ind. Sketch Bk. I. 261 A petticoat fulled and stiffened into the dignified rotundity of a hoop. 1884 West. Daily Press 2 June 7/2 Plastrons.. are composed of a straight piece, fulled into a small band at the top. 1890 Daily Ne'ivs 4 Dec. 3/4 Many pretty little jackets .. are composed of black lace fulled on over a foundation of silk or gold gauze. b. intr. To draw up, pucker, bunch. 1889 Century Diet., The skirt fulls too much in front. Hence Fulled ppl. a., gathered or pleated; arranged in folds; Fulling vbl. sb., the action of the vb.; + a. the action of fulfilling ; b. the action of gathering or pleating ; in quots. concr. ^1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 257 Her matere schulde be trupe and fullyngeof Goddis lawe. X760 Mrs. Delany Life Sf Corr. Ser. 11. III. App. 504 There was very little fulling, but the whole design was to be seen without many folds. 1877 Blackmore Cripps I. ii. 24 She gathered in the skirt of her frock and the fulling^ of her cloak. 1892 Daily News 16 Feb. 6/5 Coats, .finished off at the neck with a fulled shoulder cape. Full (ful), Also 5 ful(le. [ad. OY.fuler (F. fouler) : see Foil vX\ 1 . trans. spec. To tread or beat (cloth) for the purpose of cleansing and thickening it; hence, to cleanse and thicken (cloth, etc.). 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xv. 445 Cloth that cometh fro the weuyng is nou}t comly to were, Tyl it is fulled vnder fote or in fullyng-stokkes. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 182/1 Fulle clothe, fullo. c 1483 Caxton Vocab. 15 b, Colard .. Can well fulle cloth. 15x1-2 Act 3 Hen. VIII, c. 6 § 1 The Walker and Fuller shall truely walke fulle thikke and werke every webbe of wollen yerne. 1598 Florio, Follare, to full, as clothes in a presse. 1643 Prynne Open. Gt. Seale 20 One..man should be assigned..to seale the Clothes that shall be wrought and fulled in London. 1695 Lond. Gaz. No. 3086/4 A new Invented Engine, which Fulls all sorts of Stuffs by Hand or Mans Labour. x8i2 Southey in Q. Rev. VII. 63 In this manner a girl can full twenty pair of hose in four or five hours. 1872 Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm. 147 English cloths, at the outset were sent to be fulled and dyed in the Netherlands. 1884 J. Payne Tales fr. Arabic I. 233, I shall, .weave for her and full her yarn. + 2 . gen. To beat or trample down; also, to destroy. Obs. c 1400 Rovoland O. 112 Fulle the under my horse fete. £1440 York Myst. xi. 118 Nowe kyng Pharo fuls thare childir ful faste. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 78 Hee threw his hey abroad a nights afore hee lette them in, be¬ cause then they did not runne over it and full it so much. t Ftrllage. Obs. [a. OF. foullage {F . foutage), {. fouler to Full.] i. Money paid for the fulling of cloth. 16x1 in Cotgr. s.v. Foullage. 1706 in Phillips (ed. Kersey). 1755 in Johnson. Hence in mod. Diets. FULL AGE. 593 FULLING. 2 . [Cf. Fulyiej/;. 2; the lit. sense is'what is tram¬ pled under foot ’.] Refuse, street-sweepings, filth. 1689 T. Plunket Char . (id. Commander 51 Some storm or other must be near at hand, To sweep away the fullage of the Land. 1780 A. Young Tour. Irel. I. 9 They go much to Dublin for fullage of the streets to lay on their hay grounds. Full age. Adult or mature age, esp. (in opposition to nonage ) the age of 21 years. Cf. Age sb. 3. 1622 Bacon Holy War (1629) 129 That after full Age the Sonnes should Expulse their Fathers and Mothers out of their Possessions. 1675 Brooks Gold. Key Wks. 1867 V. 320 God had a respect to the non-age and full-age of lys people. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) V. 428 Those .. who are of full age and sufficient understanding, should have power to suffer a common recovery. 1885 Gladstone in Chr. World 15 Jan. 37/1 The. anniversary .. which will to-morrow bring your Royal Highness to full age. attrib. ^ 1659 Cleveland Poor Cavalier 11 E’er ripe Rebellion had a full-age Power. Hence + Pull-aged ppl. a ., being of full or mature age. Of a horse : Exceeding the age of 6 years (now simply, aged). Obs. 1631 Quarles Div. Poems, Savison xiii. 31 A full ag’d Lyon, who had sought..his long-desired prey. 1682 Lo7id. Gaz. No. 1737/4 A chesnut sorrel Nag, with a bob Tail, full aged. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 514 IP 4 There stood by her a man full-aged, and of great gravity. 1724 Loud. Gaz. No. 6310/3 A sorrel Horse, .full aged. Full-blood, a. a. Of a brother or sister : Born of the same parents (opposed to Half-blood 1. attrib.). b. Qualifying an ethnic designation: Of pure or unmixed race. 1882 A. Macfarlane Co?isanguin. 17 Brother, full-blood = male child of male and female parents. 1888 Harper s Mag. Mar. LXXVI. 602 The full-blood [Cherokee] is always present in the national Legislature. 1893 Columbus (Ohio) Disp. 2 Oct., His mother [was] a full-blood Pota- watomie squaw. Similarly Ftill-bloo'clecl a. = Full blood, lit. and fig .; also, having plenty of blood. Hence Full- bloo'dedness lit. and fig. 1825 J. Neal Bro. Jonathan II. 68 A full-blooded re¬ publican ‘driver’. 1841 Catlin N. Amer. Ind. (1844) II. lvii. 220 His general appearance and actions, those of a full-blooded and wild Indian. 1884 Ce7itury Mag. XXVIII. 42 The full-bloodedness, the large feet and hands. 1894 Athenaeum 5 May 571/3 His unquestioned ability has not the roundness, the ripeness, the mellow full-bloodedness of the style of ‘ The Heptameron ’. FuTl-bottoni. [f. Full a. + Bottom sb.] A full-bottomed wig. 1713 Gay Guardian No. 149 ip 5 Little master will smile when you..thrust its little knuckles in papa’s full-bottom. 1759 Citron, in Ami. Reg. 169/2 A flaxen full bottom suitable to the age between forty and fifty. 1822 T. Mitchell Aristoph. II. 296 Full-bottom, tie, perriwig, curl, or toupee. Full-bottomed, a. [f. as prec. + -ed 2 .] 1 . Of a wig: Having a full or large bottom. 1711 Budgell Sped. No. 150 P 7 My Banker ever bows lowest to me when I wear my full-bottom’d Wig. 1797 The College 15 A huge full-bottom’d wig, and college gown. 1878 N. Amer. Rev. CXXVI. 52 Their hero, .wore a Greek helmet over a full-bottomed wig. 2 . Naut. (See quot.) 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Full-bottomed , an epithet to signify such vessels as are designed to carry large cargoes. t Fullconie, v. Obs. [f. Full adv. + Come v. Cf. Ger. volkommen adj., perfect.] trans. To finish; to perfect. C1477 Caxton Jason 16 An other spere that he [Jason] had taken of his esquyer for to fulcome his emprise, c 1483 — Vocab. 47 Dieu leur laisse leur voye Bien employer, God late them theyr waye Well fulcome. + Fu lldo;, Obs. [f. Full a. + Do.] trans. To accomplish, fulfil, complete. a 1225 Ancr. R. 372 Me schal fuldon flesches pine ase uorS ase euere efne mei polien. 1340 Ayenb. 28 To destrue.. alle guod by hit lite by hit lesse by hit uoldo. c 1483 Caxton Vocab. 23 Whiche make verry confession. And theyr penaunce fuldoo. c 1500 Melusine i. 1 He wyl helpe me to bring vnto a good ende & to fuldoo it att hys glorye & praysyng. 1605 Verstegan Dec. Intell. ii. (1628) 29 Willing to full-doe their too-falne lot. Hence + FuTl-do sb., completion, finish. (Perh. the source of the Naut. phrase for a full due : see Due sb. 8.) 1631 [see Do 2]. Full dress. See Dress sb. 2 a. Also fig. 1790 Cowper Lett. 17 June, Here am I at eight in the morning in full dress. 1875 Lowell Poet. Wks. (1879) 465 The habitual full-dress of his well-bred mind. 1887 Spectator 4 June 764/2 A crown that could be worn, like a tiara of diamonds, as an adjunct of full dress. b. attrib. as in full-dress coat, dinner, rehearsal, suit, etc.; also fig., as m full-dress debate, a formal debate in which important speeches are delivered on each side. 1812 J. Nott. Dckker's Gvlls Horne-bk. 41 note, Not a full-dress coat is made without it. 1834 T. Moore Mem . (1856) VII. 47 A Tory of the full dress school. 1851 Illustr. Catal. Gt. Exhib. II. 526 Pair of full-dress boots. 1879 F. W. Robinson Ccnvard Consc. 1. viii, A rusty, black, full- dress suit. 1888 Bryce Amer. Comtmv. III. vi. cxi. 600 At present the ‘ full-dress debates ’ in the Senate are apt to want life. 1893 Times 8 July 12/2 Mr. Heneage’s amendment is not the best possible text for a full-dress debate. VOL. IV. Full-dressed, a. Fully dressed; wearing full dress, t Of a coat: =prec. b. 1752 A. MuRniY Gray's-Inn Jrnl. No. 14 p 2 In a full- dressed Coat, with long Skirts. 1806 Sijrr Winter in Loud. (ed. 3) III. 161, I have no objection in the world to full- dressed assemblies. 1824-9 Landor I mag. Conv. Wks. 1846 I. 206/2 There are hours and occasions when she needs not be full-dressed. t Fulle nd, v. Obs. [OE. fullpidian (= Ger. vollenden) : see Full adv. and End v.] trans. To end fully, accomplish, complete, fulfil. *■900 tr. BasdcPs Hist. 111. xxiii. (MS. B in Smith 554 note), He baxl Cynebill .. bast he oa arfiestan ongunnen- nesse fullendode and £efylde. a 1200 Moral Ode 239 in O. E. Misc. 66 peo pat gode were by-gunne and ful-endy hit riolden. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 61 We hauen ure penitence fulended. c 1300 Beket 2322 If he ful in feble stat, that he ne mi}te hit ful ende. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus. xxxiv. 8 With oute lesing shal be ful endid the word of the lawe. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. ix. iv. (1495) 349 The Cycle and the Course of the Mone is fullended in the nintenth yere. c 1425 Eng. Conq. Irel. (E. E. T. S.) 134 He that al thynge fulle endet. Fuller (firlsi), sb?- Forms: 1-4 fullere, 3 follare, 4 south, vollere, 4-6 fullar(e, (6 fullor, furler, 7 fullner), 4- fuller. [OE . fullere, ad. L. fitllo (of unknown origin), assimilated to agent- nouns in -$re, -er 1 . If there existed an OE. *ful- lian vb., ad. late L. fulldre to Full, the agent- noun may have been derived from it.] 1 . One whose occupation is to full cloth. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Mark ix. 3. c 1290 S. Ejig. Leg. I. 366/53 Mid one follares perche ; pat men tesieth opon cloth, a 1327 Pol. Songs (Camden) 188 The webbes ant the fullaris assem- bleden hem alle. 1340 Ayenb. 167 Mochel is defouled mid pe uet of uolleres pe robe of scarlet. 1511-2 [see Full 7'. a i], 1583 Stubbes A 7iat. A bus. 11. (1882) 24 Compounding with the Ftiller to thicke it [wool] very much. 1645 Bp. Hall Remedy Disco7itents 118 The Fuller treads upon that cloth which he means to whiten. 1764 Burn Poor Lazvs 156 Three weavers..six spinners, one fuller and burler. 1866 Rogers Agric. <$• Prices I. iv. 103 There are twelve clergymen, .six fullers and six girdlers. 1885 histrudions to Census Clerks 66 (In list of workers in textile fabrics). Fuller. 2 . In the names of various materials, plants, etc. used in the process of fulling; as fuller’s clay = Fuller’s earth; fuller’s grass, herb, weed, (Saponaria officinalis ); fuller’s teazel, thistle (.Dipsacus fullonum ); fuller’s thorn ? = prec. 1776 Adam Smith W. N. iv. viii. (1869) II. 238 *Fuller’s earth or fuller’s clay. 1876 Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. v. 101 Fuller’s clay or earth. 1526 Grete Herball ccclxxxiiij, Saponaria.. is called.. *fullers grasse. 1601 Holland Plhiy II. 262 The *Fullers herb in wine honied. 1607 Topsell Fou7'-f. Beasts ( 1658) 486 There is an herb called Fullers- herb which doth soften wool. 1578 Lyte Dodoetts iv. lx. 522 This kinde of Thistel is called. .^Fullers Teasel. 1653 Culpeper E7ig. Phys. 356 *Fullers Thistle, or Teasel. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 661 An Herbe called Hippophaeston [that groweth] vpon the *Fullers Thorne.. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), * Fullers- Weed, or Fullers-thistle, an Herb. FuTler, sb . 2 [?f. Full v . 2 (sense 3) + -er 1 .] 1 . Blacksmithing, etc. A grooved tool on which iron is shaped by being driven into the grooves. 1864 Webster, Fuller, a die, a half-round set-hammer. 1896 Farrier's Price List , Best Cast Steel, for Fullers, Stamps, &c. 2 . A groove made by a fuller. 1855 Miles Horse-shoevig 9 The ‘ fuller’ should be carried quite round the shoe to the heels, and the fullering iron should have both sides alike. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Fuller, the fluting groove of a bayonet. 1889 Daily Tel. 1 Mar. 5/8 The present pattern is too thin in the ‘ fuller Hence FuTler v.,to stamp with a fuller; to groove by stamping; also dial, to goffer (linen). FuTl¬ er ed ppl. a. FuTler ing vbl. sb., the action of the vb.; also co 7 icr. the groove thus formed. 1820 Bracy Clark Descr. New Horse Shoe 14 Our old English custom of fullering. 1831 J. Holland Ma7iuf. Metal I. 170 The shoes being fullered or grooved near the outer edge to receive the heads. 1841 Hartshorne Salopia A7itiq. Gloss. 434 Ftillatmig, a groove into which the nails of a horse’s shoe are inserted. 1855 Fullering iron [see sense 2 above]. 1868 Regul. $ Ord. A rmy p 573 The horse’s Shoe is not to be grooved or fullered. 1880 Blackmore Mary Anerley I. xi. 159 His linen clothes are dry, and even quite lately fullered—ironed you might call it. Mod. A dvt ., Sandal horse shoe.. made of plain, fuller’d, or Rodway bar. Fuller’s ea’rth. A hydrous silicate of alumina, used in cleansing cloth; also Geol. a group of strata characterized by the presence of this earth. 1523 Fitzherb. Surv. 31 Mynes of tynne, leed, ore, cole . .lymestonne, chalke, furlers [^1526; ed. 1534 fullers] erthe, Sande, cley. 1601 Holland Pliny xxxv. xvii. II. 560 This Fullers earth Cimolia, is of a cooling nature. 1667 E. Cham- berlayne St. Gt. Brit. 1. (1684) 7 F ullers Earth is no where else produced in that abundance and excellency as in England. 1738 Chesterf. Co7ii77i. Sense 11 Nov. (1739) II. 238 Fuller’s- Earth, the Exportation of which is strictly prohibited by our Laws. 1836 Hor. Smith Tin Trui7ip. I. 9 Like fuller's earth, defiling for the moment but purifying in the end. 1854 F. C. Bakewell Geol. 50 The bed of clay called fuller’s earth .. may be considered merely local. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. 36 This F uller’s earth forms a thick bed of clay which retains the water that reaches it. fig. 1670 Eachard Co7it. Clergy 56 The blots of sin will be easily taken out by the soap of sorrow, and the fullers- earth of contrition. 1727 Gay Beggar s Opera 1. ix, Money, Wife, is the true Fuller’s Earth for Reputations, there is not a Spot or a Stain but what it can take out. attrib. 1816 W. Smith Strata I dent. 31 The Fuller’s Earth Rock, .in many places is imperfectly lapidified. tFuTlery. Obs.~° [f. Fuller sbA +-y 3 .] a place where the process of fulling is carried on. 1730-6 in Bailey (folio). 1755 in Johnson. Hence in mod. Diets. Full-fa'ced, a. [f. Full a. + Face + -ed 2 .] 1 . Having a full face; esp. of persons, having a full or plump face. 1622 Mabbe tr. Ale?nan's Guz 7 iian d'Alf. 1. 31, I was a yong Lad, ruddy-cheek’t, full-fac’t, and plumpe withall. 1675 Lo 7 id. Gaz. No. 980/4 Stolen..a large silver Cup..by a Lodger, .a Full-fac’d man. 1796 Hull Advertiser 3 Sept. 2/2 David Hallett. .stout made, of a low stature, and full faced. 1824 Miss Mitford Village Ser. 1. (1863) 230 One side consisting of a full-faced damask rose. b. said of the moon at full. 1647 H. More So 7 ig of Soul in. 11. xxvii, Not from full- faced Cynthia. 2 . Having the face turned fully on the spectator or in some specified direction. 1610 Guillim Heraldry vi. v. 265 The full faced Helmet doth signifie direction or command. 1832 Tennyson CEno 7 ie 79 When all the full-faced presence of the Gods Ranged in the halls of Peleus. 1894 J* P- Hoppsin West 7 U. Gaz. 7 Feb. 2/1 As full-faced to the sunshine as you are to¬ day. + Fullfre me, v. Obs. Also 5 full-ferm. [OE . fulilfirynian, -frynman : see Full adv. and Freme vi] trans. To accomplish, fulfil, perfect. Hence ■(■ Fullfre'mecl ppl. a. ; f Fullfremedly adv ., perfectly ; t Fullfre’medness, perfection. c888 K. /Klfred Bocth. vii. § 5 pin re unriht gitsunga ftewill to fulfremmanne. £900 tr. Baeda's Hist. hi. xix. [xxvii.] (1891) 244 Lifde he his lif in micelre eaSmodnesse ..and in fulfremednesse. 971 Blickl. Horn. 35 Gif we pa da^as fulfremedlice for Gode lifteap. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. John iv. 34 p£bt ic full fremme [cn6o Hatto 7 i fulfremie] his weorc. a 1175 Cott. H0771. 219 Ne me} nan iscefte ful¬ fremedlice smea^an ne understonden embe god. c 1200 Ormin 2530 Fullfremedd herrsummnesse. Ibid. 5135 patt te birrp e 33 b err lufess mahht Fullfremeddlike fillenn. Ibid. 6083 patt mann h^tt tiss Fullfremeddnesse foll3he|?p. i486 Bk. St. A lba 7 is A viij b, Thos same barris shall telle you whan she is full summed or full fermyd. FuTl-gro’wn. [f. Full adv. + Grown.] Fully grown ; having attained full size or maturity. 1667 Milton P. L. vii. 456 Innumerous living Creatures.. Limb’d and full grown. 1724 De Foe Mein. Cavalier (1840) 30 Wickedness presented itself full-grown. 1767 Hunter in Phil. Trans. LVIII. 43 Fig. II. The same view of the same bone in a full-grown Elephant. 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. iii. (1873) 52 In a state of nature almost every full- grown plant annually produces seed. 1871 Blackie Four Phases i. 151 He had two sons, one full-grown. t 7 'ansf 1856 Stanley Sinai $ Pal. x. (1858) 374 Four springs pour their almost full-grown rivers through the plain. Hence Full-growner colloq. or slang, a full- grown person. 1867 P. Fitzgerald 75 Brooke St. III. 251 A fullgrowner: no ‘ Miss 1 at all in the case. + Firllhead Obs. In 4-5 fulhed(e. [f. Full a. + -head.] Fullness. a 1300 E. E. Psalter xxxv. 9 [xxxvi. 8] pai sal be drunken, als of wine, Of pe fulhed of house pine. 1340 Ayenb. 119 Alsuo wes he..zuo uol of grace..pet of his uolhede we nimep al. c 1440 Hylton Scala Perf. (1494) in. xxii, In hyr was fulhede of all vertues without wem of synne. + FuTlhead 2 . Obs. [f. Full a. +FIead sb.] A castrated stag. x 8c>3 J. Sleight in A7171. Agric. XXXIX. 556 The full- heads., always herd with the bucks, excepting in the rut. PuTl-hea’rted, a. [f. Full a. + Heart + -ED 2 .] Having a full heart, a. Full of courage and confidence; hence of a work: Carried on with zeal. b. Full of feeling; indicative of strong emotion. Hence Fu ll-hea'rtedly adv. 1611 Shaks. Cy 7 iib. v. iii. 7 The Enemy full-hearted, Loll¬ ing the Tongue with slaught’ring. 1851 Mrs. Browning Casa Guidi 31 The sky above..seemed to. .palpitate in glory, like a dove Who has flown too fast, full-hearted. 1859 Smiles Self-Help xii. (i860) 323 The most effective work is always the full-hearted work. 1876 Geo. Eliot Da 7 i. Der. IV. Ixiii. 240 Full-hearted silence. 1882 J. L. Ludlow in Honiilet. Mo 7 ithly May 451 For you he lived.. and sends his Holy Spirit as full-heartedly as if there were no other human being. Fullimart, obs. form of Foumart. + Fuelling, vbl. sb? Obs. Also 5 folowynge* [f. Full v? ] Baptizing. 1387 Trevisa IIigde 7 i (Rolls) IV. 257 Som acountep from pe fullynge of Crist. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xv. 207 Ther is follyng of font and follyng in blod-shedynge. £1450 Myrc 146 Eghte dayes they schullen abyde That at the fonte halowynge They mowe take here folowynge. 1483 Festivall (W. de W. 1515) 48 This trynyte was knowen in the fullynge of Cryst as the gospel setteth. Fulling, vbl. sb . 2 : see after Full v 2 Fulling (fu’liq), vbl. sb.o [f. Full z >.3 + -ing b] 1 . The process of cleansing and thickening cloth by beating and washing ; also called milling. 1688 R. HoLME'^ww/zr/ iii. 348/2 This trade of Milling or thickning Cloth is termed Fulling. 1791 Hamilton tr. Ber thollet’s Dyeing I. 1. 11. i. 127 He has explained the effects of fulling by the external conformation of the hair or wool of animals. 1812 Southey in Q. Rev. VII. 63 The women perform the work of fulling by treading the cloth in a tub. transf 1894 Gould Illustr. Diet. Med., Fulling, in mas¬ sage, a valuable method of. kneading, named from the motion used by fullers in rubbing linen between their hands. 2 . attrib. as fulling-boy, -hammer,^ -mace, -stone\ + fulling-clay, f -earth = fuller s earth; fulling- 75 FULLISH. 594 FULL-SUMMED. mill, a mill in which cloth is fulled or milled by being beaten with wooden mallets, which are let fall upon it (or in modern use, by being pressed between rollers) and cleansed with soap or fuller’s earth ; + fulling-stocks, wooden mallets worked by machinery, used for fulling cloth. 1677 Yarranton Eng. Imfrrov. 109, If I had not been an old Clothier, and a *Fulling-Boy when I was young. 1688 Lond. Gaz. No. 2338/1 We do. .streightly Charge..that no manner of .. "Fulling Clay, be .. exported. 1720 Ibid. No. 5853/1 Any Fuller’s-Earth, or Fulling-Clay. 1563-87 Foxe A. fy M. (1684) III. 591 A certain poor man., went to the Sea, minding to have gone into Kent for *FuIling Earth. 1796 Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 186 Some fulling Earths, it is said, effervesce slightly with acids. 1712 Motteux Quixote nr. vi. (1749) I. 160 Let the six *fulling*hammers be transform’d into so many giants. 1612 Shelton Quixote in. vii. 175 Without being able to attribute it to the little knowledge of the *fulling Maces or the darkenesse of the night. 1417-18 Abingdon Acc. (Camden) 88 note, The reparacions done this yere at y» *Fullingmilles. 1523 Fitzherb. Sum. 9 b, Fullyngmylnes, sythe mylnes, cutlersmylnes. 1612 in Naworth Househ. Bks. 8 The wholl yeares rent of the fulling mill. 1748 Smollett Rod. Rand. xvi. (1804) 97 My heart went knock, knock..like a fulling-mill. 1805 Luccock Nat. IVool i6r Nor will the cloth .. endure without injury the violent strokes of the fulling mill. 1876 Holland Sev. Oaks i. 2 Below this two or three saw-mills.. and a fulling-mill. 1377 *Fullyng-stokkes [see Full r'. 3 1]. 1879 Cassell's Tcchn. Educ. IV. 342/2 The ‘ fulling-stocks ’ .. consist of heavy wooden mallets. 1884 J. Payne 1000 Nts. s One Nt. VIII. 135 Making the ship fast to one of the *Fulling-Stones. Fullish (fu lij), a. [f. F ull a. + -ish.] Some¬ what full. 1822 Blackw. Mag. XI. 164 Rather pompous and dullish ; of falsetto, too, fullish. 1871 G. Meredith H. Richmond (1886) 206 Her nose firm, her lips fullish. 1889 Natiotial Rev. XIII. 686 The most noticeable features of the face are the rather prominent nose and fullish lips. *1 app. misused for fulliche , Fully adv. c 1500 Melusine xxvi. 208 It is not fullyssh a moneth com- plet syn that we departed thens. Full length. The entire length or extension of any object. 1 . In advbl. phrase, (at) full length. 1709 Steele & Addison Tatter No. 93 p 4 ,1 have, .drawn at full Length, the Figures of all sorts of Men. 1844 Dickens Mart. Chuz. vi, By constructing, .a temporary sofa of three chairs, .and lying down at full-length upon it. 1855 Singleton Virgil I. 47 Of polished marble thou full- length shalt stand. 2 . attrib.y as full-length figure, portrait, etc. Also ellipt. a fill-length . 1850 L. Hunt Autobiog. II. xiv. 141 A full-length portrait . .of a little girl. 1894 A. D. White in Pop. Sci. Monthly XLIV. 722 A full-length woodcut showing the Almighty in the act of extracting Eve. 1896 IVestm. Gaz. 1 May 1/2 Just above the line, hangs a full-length of the German Emperor. 1897 Daily News 8 Apr. 8/1 This is, we under¬ stand, the first full-length novel he has written. Jig. 1822-34 Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 296 What may be called a close and full-length portrait [of a disease]. Full moon. 1 . The moon with its entire disc illuminated. a 1000 Boeth. Metr. xxviii. 81 Hwa is on weorulde paet ne wundrije fulles monan. 1530 Palsgr. 223/2 Full moone, plaine lune. 1681 Otway Soldier's Fort. iv. i, ’Twas a Full-moon, and such a Moon, Sir ! 1812-16 J. Smith Panorama Sc. 8f Art I. 597 The full moon rises at sun-set. 1883 Ouida IVanda I. 58 The full moon was rising above the Gldckner range. 2 . The period at which this occurs ( = L . pleni- luniuni). ✓Z1300 Cursor M. 17288 + 72 pese thre thinges a-bod our lord, or he to ded wald goo, Vre leuedy day & friday als and ful moyne als-soo. C1475 Piet. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 800 Hoc pleniluniu77i, fulmone. 1563 W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 61 b, From the new moone, to the full, all humors do encrease and from the full to the new Moone, decrease againe. 1676 Wiseman Wounds v. ix. 393 Towards the Full- moon, as he was coming home one morning, he felt his Legs faulter. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) III. 34 They [tides] exhibit no sensible rise till the second or third day after the full Moon. 3 . attrib. 1780 Cowper Progr. Err. 282 The breach, though small at first, soon opening wide, In rushes folly with a full-moon tide. 1797 Southey in J. Cottle Remin. (1847) 211 A very brown-looking man of. .full-moon cheeks. 1894 G. Meredith Lord Ormonl I. iii. 91 Howling like full-moon dogs all through their lives. Full-mou’thed, a. [f. Full a. + Mouth sb. + -ED 2 .] Having a full mouth. 1 . Of cattle: Having the mouth full of teeth; having the full complement of teeth. 1577 Harrison England I. iv, Now forasmuch as in such as bee full mouthed, eche chap hath 16 teeth at the least. 1685 Lond. Gaz. No. 1998/4 A brown bay Mare above 14 hands high, full Mouth’d. 1709 Ibid. No. 4521/4 Stoln .. a blood-bay Mare .. full mouth’d. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 93 These six teeth tolerably de¬ veloped .. probably misled Mr. Parkinson .. to say that at four years old cattle were full-mouthed. 1892 Salisbury Jrnl. 6 Aug. 4/1, 100 grand full-mouthed ewes. t 2 . Having the mouth tilled with food ; hence, Festive, transf Of a sail: Filled with wind. Also fig. Obs. *635 Quarles Embl. v. vii. Epig. 271 Cheare up, my soule: call home thy spir'ts, and beare One bad Good-Friday; Full- inouth’d Easter’s neare. 1645 G. Daniel Poems Wks. 1878 II. 12 Where, where resides content ? ’Tis neither in Extent Of Power, nor full-mouth'd gaine. 1645 Quarles Sol. Recant, iv. 39 Force and bold-fac’d Wrong Mayhap to roar upon thy full-mouth’d Sailes. <21701 Sedley Poems Wks. 1722 I. 16 Like murm’ring full-mouth’d Isra'lites we stand. 3 . a. Having a loud voice or sound ; sounding or talking loud. Of dogs : Baying loudly, b. Pro¬ duced or littered with a loud voice or with violence. a. 1648 Jos. Beaumont Psyche n. 161 Whom both the full-mouth’d Elders hastened To catch th’ Adulterer. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India $ P. 314 He came to me full mouth'd in the King’s Name. 1735 Somerville Chase in. 410 The full-mouth’d Pack With dreadful Consort thunder in his Rear. b. 1605 Narr. Murthers Sir J. Fitz (i860) 6 The fulmouth’d report of infamous rumour. 1620 Quarles Jonah Kj b, Had Boreas blown His full-mouth’d blast. £1645 Howell Lett. (1655) II. 76 A full-mouth’d Language she [German] is, and pronounc’d with that strength as if one had bones in his tongue insteed of nerfs. 1708 Mot¬ teux Rabelais iv. lxvii. (1737) 276 With a full mouth'd laugh. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. xxii. 279 These faithful servants generally bayed their full-mouthed welcome from afar off. Hence Fullmoirthedly adv., with a full mouth ; uncompromisingly. 1887 Saintsbury Hist. Elizab. Lit. iv. (1890) 154 The earlier Satires, .denounce lewd verses most fullmouthedly. Fullness, fulness (firlnes). [f. Full a. + -ness. OE. had fyllnes = OHG.folnissi OTeut. *fullinassu-z\ but as the existing word does not appear before the 14th c. it was prob. a new forma¬ tion rather than a refashioning of the older word. The spelling fullness , though less common (exc. in the U.S.) than fulness , is here adopted as more in accordance with analogy : see the remarks s.v. Dullness.] The quality or condition of being full. 1 . The condition of being filled so as to include no vacant space. 1577 B. Googe Heresbacli s Husb. n. (1586) 80 b, The equall medley of heat and cold, drieth and moisture, fulnesse and emptinesse. 1632 Lithgow Trav. vi. 254 How commeth it to passe..that the Lake it selfe never diminisheth, nor increaseth, but alwayes standeth at one fulnesse. 1692 Bentley Boyle Led. vii. 223 If the presence of this aethereal Matter made an absolute Fulness. #1716 South Scrm. (1737) II. iv. 145 Like water in a well, where you have ful¬ ness in a little compass. b. fig. Of the 4 heart ’: The state of being over¬ charged with emotion. 1625 Bacon Ess., Friendship (Arb.) 16*5 A principall Fruit of Frendship, is the Ease and Discharge of the Fulnesse and Swellings of the Heart. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xx. (1824) 636 He yielded to the fulness of his heart. 1885 R. Buchanan Annan Water vi, Father only speaks out of the fulness of his heart. 2 . The condition of containing (something) in abundance, or of abounding in (a quality, etc.). a 1340 Hampole Psalter xviii. 2 Fulnes of wisdom & gastly sauour. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. in. xxxiv. 215 That Fulnesse [of the Holy Ghost] is not to be understood for Infusion of the substance of God. 1878 L. P. Meredith Teeth 19 He..died in consequence of fulness of blood. b. concr. All that is contained in (the world, etc.). A Hebraism. a 1325 Prose Psalter xlix. [ 1 .] 13 pe world and pe fulnes of it is myn. 1535 Coverdale i Chron. xvii. 32 Let the See make a noyse, and the fulnesse therof. 1738 Wesley Ps. xxiv. i, The Earth and all her Fulness owns Jehovah for her sovereign Lord ! 3 . Completeness, perfection; complete or ample measure or degree. c 1320 Cast. Love 283 Of oone volnes they were ful ry3ht. 1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Cojii. Prayer Offices 8 b, The fulnesse of thy grace. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, 1. i. 35 Such is the Fulnesse of my hearts content. 1610 Bp. Cakleton Jurisd. 2 They yeeld to the Pope a fulnesse of power as they tearme it, from whence all Spirituall Iurisdiction must proceed to others. 1611 Bible Ps. xvi. 11 In thy presence is fulnesse of ioy. 1667 Milton P. L. iii. 225 The Son of God, In whom the fulness dwels of love divine, a 1704 T. Brown Two Oxford Scholars Wks. 1730 1 .10 Houses where I shall be entertained with such fulness of delight..that [etc.]. 1843 Miall in Nonconf. III. 401 Christianity is distinguished by..a fulness of generosity. 1855 Milman Lat. Chr. IV. vii. ii. 44 The papacy in the fullness of its strength. b. Phrases. The fullness of time ( = Gr. wX-fj- paifia tov xpbvov) : in Biblical language, the proper or destined time. In its fullness : in its full extent, without exceptions or qualifications. 1560 Bible (Genev.) Gal. iv. 4 When the fulnes of time was come, God sent forthe his Sonne. 1640 Howell Dodona's Gr. (1645) 41 And this work was done in a fulness of time. 1751 Jortin Serm. (1771) I. i. 4 Which in the fulness of time should be made manifest. 1842 Mrs. Brown¬ ing Grk, Chr. Poets (1863) 134 Admitting the suggestion in its fulness. 1867 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) I. App. 728 That tale he adopts in its fulness. c. Copiousness or exhaustiveness (of knowledge, statement, or expression). i860 Pusey Min. Proph. 410 The words, with a Divine fulness, express [etc.]. 1875 Whitney Life Lang. i. 5 To illustrate the principles of linguistic science, .with as much fullness as the limited space at command shall allow. 1885 Manch. Exam. 8 May 5/2 The study of the ancient lan¬ guages is one which peculiarly demands fullness of know¬ ledge to make it fruitful. 1887 Spectator 3 Sept. 1188 The interesting matters which he describes with more or less fullness. + 4 . The condition of being satisfied or sated; satiety, repletion ; the condition of having indulged to excess. Obs. 1382 Wyclif Isa. lvi. 10 Vnshamefast doggus knevven not fulnesse. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 182/1 Fulnesse of mete, sacietas. c 1560 A. Scott Poems (S. T. S.) ii. 109 Thair wes nowdir lad nor [pr. not] loun Mycht eit ane baikin loche For fowness. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 115 As for me, if I may enjoy the fulnesse of my desyres, the residue of my lyfe will I lead in Rhodes, c 1600 Shaks. Sotin. lvi. 6 Although today thou fill Thy hungry eyes even till they wink with fullness. 1666 Stillingfl. Serm. (1696) I. i. 43 When God hath made us smart for our fulness and wantonness, then we grew sullen and murmured and disputed against providence. 1682 Norris Hierocles 93 In the third place he puts Exer¬ cise, as that which corrects the fulness of diet. *p 5 . The condition of being well supplied with what one needs. Hence, of things, abundance, plenty. Obs. e 1440 Promp. Parv. 182/2 Fulnesse or plente, habun- dancia, copia. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. iii. vi. 12 To lapse in Fulnesse Is sorer, then to lye for Neede. 1648 Eikon Bas. ix. 57 The Houses ; to whom I wished nothing more then Safetie, Fulness, and Freedom. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India + P. 225 Amidst this Fulness of every thing. 1722 Df. Foe Col. Jack (1840) 180 Before I revelled in fulness, and here I struggled with hard fare. 6. Of sound, colour, etc.: The quality of being full; * volume *, 4 body \ 1440 P 7 ‘omp. Pari'. 182/2 Fulnesse of sownde, so 7 ioritas. 1622 Bacon Hen. VII, 7 The .. Applauses of the People .. were true and vnfeigned, as might well appeare in the very Demonstrations and Fulnesse of the Crie. a 1744 Pope Pasto 7 'als 1. 7 iote, This sort of poetry [pastoral] derives almost its whole beauty from a natural ease of thought and smoothness of verse ; whereas that of most other kinds con¬ sists in the strength and fulness of both. 1851 Illustr. Catal. Gt. Exhib. I. 131 Ochres. .Exhibited on account of their clearness, fulness of colour, body. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. I. 230/2 A subtle mingling of colour, an exquisite delicacy and refinement of treatment, a fulness such as always results from a rich mingling of hues. 1881 Sta 7 idard 18 Oct. 3/4 The wort is .. passed into a copper with 20 per cent, of malt-flour, to impart fullness and flavour. 7 . Full habit of body ; roundness or protuberance of outline. 1613 Purchas Pilgrwiage (1614) 505 Crabbes heere with us have a sympathy with the Moone, and are fullest with her fulnes. 1638 Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. III.) 173 To heare of your health, and that you keepe your bodie in that reasonable fulnesse of flesh, which contributes some¬ thing to your gravitie. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India + P. 378 Most of them by a Fulness of Body are subject to the Hemorrhoids. 1798 Ferriar Illustr. Stcmie i. 7 A certain degree of fulness improves the figure, a 1822 Shelley Pericles Ess. & Lett. (Camelot) 140 The face is of an oval fulness. 1841 Brewster Mart. Sc. iii. ii, In a family notorious for fulness, she is considered superfluously fat. b. A feeling of internal pressure or distension. 1800 Med. Jrnl. IV. 364, I perceived a sense of fulness in the head, and throbbing of the arteries. 1807 Ibid. XVII. 528 ‘ Internal distress, a sense of fulness and aching’ may be felt. 8. Dressmaking. The condition of being 4 full ’. Also concr . the portion of material arranged in folds to produce this. 1884 West. Daily Press 2 June 7/2 An ordinary short skirt .. trimmed with flounces, or other fulnesses. 1897 Globe 18 Feb. 6/3 The fulness of this blouse effect is drawn in close at the waist. Fulloek : see Fulk v. dial. t Fullo’nical, a. Obs.—° [f. ~L. fullonic-us (f. fullonfullo, a fuller) + -al.] 4 Belonging to a fuller* (Bailey 1721). t Fu *llougllt. Obs. Forms: 1 ful(l)wiht, 1-2 fulluht, 2-3 fuluht, ful(e)ht, 3 fulleht, 4follaut, fulloiTjt., follo^t, fullaujt, fullou(g)ht, 5 folgh- the. [OE ,ful(l)wiht, noun of action f. fulwian (prehistoric -wihan) : see Full zO] Baptism. ciooo Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxi. 25 HwaeSer waes iohannes fulluht pe of heofonum pe of mannum. c 1175 La 77 ib. Hoin. 91 UnderfoS fuluht on cristes nome. c 1205 Lay. 9617 pape time wes ifulled past hit [pet child] fulleht sculde habben. a 1225 A 7 icr. R. 160 He was Godes baptiste—pe muchele heihnesse pet heheold, ine fuluhte under his honden. <11330 Otuel 316 pou nost what follaut is. a 1375 Joseph Arim. 682 penne com Seraphes and fullou3t furst askes. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xviii. 76 Follouht is trewe. c 1450 Myrc 177 Alle these be cosynes to hym for ay .. The preste pat folowep. .pe godfader & hys Wyf knowe be-fore folghthe. Flence in early ME. Fu*l(e)litles a. [see -less], without baptism. FuThte v., also Fulhtne (fulene), v. [see -en] trans, to baptize. FnTht- ninge, fulcninge, vbl. sb. Fu lenere [see -ERl], (John the) Baptist. c 1175 Lamb. H0771. 73 Mon scule childre fulhten. Ibid., pa weren monie childre dede fulhtles. c 1200 Trin.Coll, H 0771 . 15 Dre ping, .pat on is rihte bileue, pat o 5 er is fuloht- ninge, pe pridde pe faire liflode. Ibid. 131 Iohan pe fulc- nere. Ibid. 139 Seint iohan baptiste was send into pis midden erd to donde prefolde wike, an is to kiSen cristes to cume, ofter is bodien fulcninge, pat pridde is fulenen. c 1200 Ormin 9149 Sippenn toe he peer pe folic To spellenn & to fullhtnenn. c 1205 Lay. 29769 peo he alle fullehteS and to gode fuseoS. a 1225 Leg. Kath. [see Full vP]. Full-summed, a. 1 . Falconry. Of a hawk or its wings: In full plumage. i486 [see Fui.lfreme]. 1562 J. Heywood Prov. <$• Epigr. (1867) 169 Byrdes wynges once full sumd byrdes wyll hardly be catcht. 1640 Howell Dodo 7 ia'sGr. 72 The King of Birds . .with fullsummd wings fastning his Talents East and West. 1671 Milton P. R. i. 14 Inspire..my prompted song..And bear through highth or depth of Nature’s bounds, With prosperous wing full summed. 2 . nonce-use. Fully developed or accomplished. 1847 Tennyson Princ. vii. 272 These twain, upon the skirts of Time, Sit side by side, full-summ’d in all their powers. FULL-TIMER. FULMINATION. Full-timer, [f. phrase full time f -erT] A child that attends school during the whole of the school hours; opposed to Half-timer b. 1870 Morning Post 2 June 2/1 There is no uniform rule as to the period either of age or knowledge when the ‘ full- timer ’ snail become the * half-timer ’. 1895 Westm. Gaz. 6 June 2/2 He [the half-timer] needn’t read so well, write so well, draw so well, cipher so well as the full timer at school. t Fu lly, a. Obs. [f. Full a. + -y b] Complete, perfect, thorough, without defect. Also, of a full or rounded form. a 1300 E. E. Psalter cxxxviii[i]. 22 With fulli hatereden hated I }>a. a 1300 Cursor M. 9862 All es fulli h a t he wroght. 1505 in Mem. Hen. VII (Rolls) 232 The said queen’s [Joanna, of Naples] breasts be somewhat great and fully, .they were trussed somewhat high, .the which causeth her grace to seem much the fullyer, & her neck to be the shorter. 1513 Buadshaw 57 . Werburge I. 1366 Well byloued father this is my fully mynde. Hence fPu'llily adv., completely, fully; + Fivlli- ness, fullness. a 1300 Cursor M. 10404 (Cott.) J?e takening of a hundret tale A 1 fullines it takens hale. 1375 Barbour Bruce 11. 424 And haid till erd gane fullyly, Ne war he hynt him by his sted. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Baptista 207 A 1 pe lafe..of his gret fullyness has tane. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 127 All the laif. .wes. .with the said bischop fullelie remittit. 1588 A. King tr. Canisius" Catech. 174 S. Johne. .is fullalie occupied in commending vnto vs brotherlie charitie. Fully (fu *li), adv. Forms: see Full a. and -ly 2 . [OE. fullice , f. Full a . + lice -ly 2 = OS. fulliko, OWG.follicho (MHG. volliche ).] In a full manner or degree; to the full, with¬ out deficiency; completely, entirely; thoroughly, exactly, quite. + Fully and by (A r aut.) = full and by : see By B. i d. C900 tr. Baeda's Hist. 11. iii. (1890) 104 Heo [thechurch] |?a £yta nces fullice geworht ne ^ehalgod. c 1050 Byrhtfertli s Handboc in Anglia VIII. 306 past he fullice gefrastwod sy mid feower & twentig tidum. £1175 Lamb. Horn. 73 He nis noht Julliche cristene mon )?et [etc.], c 1205 Lay. 14150 Ich beo i [fine londe fulliche at-stonde. c 1230 Hali Meid. 11 Meidenhad is te blosme J?at beo ha eanes fulliche for- coruen, ne spruteS ha neauer eft. C1290 5 . Eng. Leg. I. 29/6 pat fulliche so holi man nas. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 476 Unnethes es a child born fully That it ne by- gynpes to goule. 1389 in Eng. Gilds { 1870) 50 We fulliche vndirstondend 3our lettres. c 1400 Lanfranc s Cirurg. 87 Him nedip his medicyn I-maad nou^t fulliche so drie. F1440 Douce MS. 55 ch. xx, Lete it nat buille fully, c 1440 Gesta Rom. ii. 5 (Harl. MS.) Whenne the candell was li^t, pey sawe fully the toode sitting on his brest. 1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 26 More opynner and fullyor than he knewe afore. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 230 b, All the powers & desyres of mannes soule shall be fully contented & quyeted. 1611 Bible Rev. xiv. 18 Gather the clusters of the vine of the earth, for her grapes are fully ripe. 1630 R. Johnson"s Kingd. <$• Commw. 187 Italian, Spanish, and Greek, who fully pronounce every letter in the word. 1633 Bp. Hall Hard Texts 275 His eyes .. are so fully placed as is most comely. 1653 Baxter Chr. Concord 19 The things that we thought should be fullier expressed then in the ancient Creed, are these. 1695 Ld. Preston Booth. 11. 63, I know that thou art one who hast been fully perswaded. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. I. i. 15 Sheeps Wooll, that is fully as hard, and coarse as Hogs Hair. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. IV. iii, In this I satisfied him fully. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789) Eee, Fully and by ! 1791 Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest i, And introduced the strangers more fully to each other. 1845 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 17 Inferior Franks .. posted themselves, fully armed, outside. 1848 C. Bronte J. Eyre v, By the time that exercise was terminated, day had fully dawned. 1891 Law Times XC. 441/2 Both sides should be heard, and heard fully. b. with numerals and expressions of quantity. Also (To eat, feed) fully — to satiety. a 1300 Cursor M. 488 par he badd noght fullik an vre. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 4570 Anticrist .. Sal regne thre yhere and an half fully, c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 2092 Fuliche ne is he no3t now fram pe vj fet y-mete in brede. c 1386 Chaucer Knt.'s T. iii Ne take his ese [wolde he] fully half a day. c 1425 Craft Nombrynge (E. E. T. S.) 26 By twene an hundryth and a thowsande, so pat it be not a powsande fully. 1480 Caxton Citron. Eng. ccvii. 189 The kyng had not yet fullych eten. 1552 Bk. Com. Prayer, Ordination Pref., Fully thyrtie yeres of age. c 1586 C’tess Pembroke Ps. cxxxii. x, The poore .. with store of bread Shall fully all be fedd. 1720 Pope Iliad xxm. 220 Behold Achilles’ promise fully paid. 1863 Kinglake Crimea (1877) II. ii. 25 Hesitation lasting fully two days. Fullymart, obs. form of Foumart. Fulmar (fu lmar). [originally belonging to the dialect of the Hebrides, and so prob. of Norse origin; perh. f. ON. fiil-l Foul (referring to the disgusting odour of the bird) + ma-r Mew, gull. That the word is, as commonly said, a transferred use of fulmar , Foumart, seems unlikely. The Gael, fulmair and the scientific Latin fulmarus are from Eng.] A sea-bird of the petrel kind (Fulmamis glacialis), about the size of the common gull. Also called fulmar petrel. 1698 M. Martin Voy. St. Kilda 55 The Fulmar, in Big¬ ness equals the Malls of the Second Rate. 1742 De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. IV. 275 Another Bird ..called Fulmar, about the Size of a Moor-hen. 1766 Pennant Zool. (1768) II. 431 The Fulmar supplies them with oil for their lamps, down for their beds. 1823 Scoresby Whale Fishery 126 In con¬ sequence of a fulmar’s darting upon its back, and plunging its beak in the skin. 1863 Baring-Gould Iceland 406 Still and ghost-like buoyant Fulmars wing their way. Fulmar (d(e, -mart, obs. forms of Foumart. II Fulmen (fo’lmen). [L. ; = ‘lightning that strikes or sets on fire, a thunderbolt ’.] A 595 thunderbolt; thunder, esp. as the attribute of Jupiter. 1684 I. Mather Remark. Provid. 79 The fulmeen or thunder-bolt is the same with the lightning. 1747 J. Spence Polymetis 11. vi. 49 In his right hand. .he grasps his fulmen; his thunder, as we are used to translate that word, im¬ properly enough. 1812 Examiner 25 May 328/1 We recognise the. .god. .by his fulmen. fig. a 1856 Sir W. Hamilton (Ogilv.), Reasoning cannot find such a mine of thought, nor eloquence such a fulmen of expression. Fulmer(d(e, -mert, obs. forms of Foumart. Fulminancy (ftrlminansi), rare. [f. next: see -ancy.] Fulminant character. 1858 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. 1. v. (1865) I. 46 The new King noticed her, and hurled back a look of due fulminancy. Fulminant (ftrlminant), ppl. a. and sb. [a. F. fulminant, or ad. its original L. fulminant-em , pr. pple. of fulmindre : see Fulminate v .] A. adj. 1 . = Fulminating, in various senses. 1602 Fulbecke Pandectes 78 Let .. his fulminant foolish deity .. bee measured by the law of God. 1681 H. More Exp. Dan. ii. 46 Who .. had power over Purgatory and Hell, thither to strike innocent Souls by his fulminant Ex- communications. 1693 Salmon Bates' Dispens. (1713) 319/1 This Fulminant Gold. 1818 Moore Fudge Fam. Paris x ii. 99 Fierce was the cry and fulminant the ban. 1872 Blackie Lays Highl. 117 From whom the fulminant Frenchman knew defeat. 2 . Path. Developing suddenly. 1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 104 The fulminant forms of anthrax. 18.. Med. News L. 41 (Cent.) The glandular alterations were especially pronounced in fulminant cases. B. sb. Something that thunders or explodes; a thunderbolt, an explosive, rare . 1808 J. Barlow Columb. vm. 557 He bids conflicting ful- minants expire The guided blast, and holds the imprison'd fire. 1891 Chambers' Encyct. s.v. Mandeuille , This book was a pothouse fulminant, levelled against the ethical theories of Shaftesbury. Fulminate (fo'lmin^t), sb. [f. Fulmin(ic) + -ate.] A compound of fulminic acid with a base, detonating by percussion, friction, or heat. 1826 Henry Elem. Chem. I. 456 A class of salts, to which they have given the name of fulminates, i860 Piesse Lab. Chem. Wonders 25 Fulminate is prepared with nitric acid . .alcohol. .and mercury. 1864 Watts Diet. Chem. II. 732 Fulminate of Copper is obtained in green crystals. Ibid., Fulminate of mercury, Mercuric fulminate, Fulminating Mercury. Ibid. 737 Ftilminates of Zinc. The neutral salt, also called fulminating zinc, was first obtained by Liebig. Fulminate (ft?'lining t), v. Pa. t. and pa. pple. 5-6 fulminat, 6-8 (pa. pple.) fulminate, [f. L .fulminat- ppl. stem of fulmindre to lighten, strike with lightning, f. fulmen lightning.] I. In physical senses. 1 . intr. To thunder and lighten, rare. 1610 J. Davies Wits Pilgrim I iv b, With a firy Wreathe bind thou my Brow That mak’st the Muse in Flames to fulminate. 1656 S. Holland Zara (1719) 60 It tonitruated horribly, fulminating promiscuously from all parts of the troubled Hemisphere. [Meant for ludicrous bombast.] 1742 Young Nt. Th. ix. 490 Loud ./Etnas fulminate in love to man. 2 . To issue as a thunderbolt. 1861 J. G. Sheppard Fall Rome iv. 164 It was on the latter body that the bolt of Roman vengeance first fell, and it was as sudden and as terrible in its effects as if it had really fulminated from the throne of Capitolian Jove. f 3 . Metalhirgy. Of gold: To become suddenly bright and uniform in colour. Obs. 1727 P. Shaw tr. Boerhaave"s Chem. (1741) I. 71 note, Till . .the gold have fulminated, as the refiners call it. + 4 . trans. To strike with lightning. Obs. rare. 1666 Sancroft Lex Ignea 40 Shall our Mountain..be fulminated, and thunder-strook. 5 . To flash forth like lightning. 1630 Randolph Panegyr. to Shirley s Gratef. Serv. Aiij, Icannot fulminate or tonitruate words, .nonmakeaiusiurand, that [etc.]. 1863 Mrs. C. Clarke Shahs. Char. ii. 46 The one [Beatrice’s wit] is fulminated in brilliant coruscations .. the other [Rosalind’s wit] shines with gentle, genial radiance. 6. ? f a. trans. To cause to explode with sudden loud report (obs.). b. intr. To explode with a loud report, detonate, go off. 1667 Henshaw in Sprat Hist. R. Soc. 275 If you fulminate it [salt-petre] in a Crucible. 1799 G. Smith Laboratory I. 235 The nitre and tartar will soon begin to fulminate. 1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 255 A dark powder is formed, which fulminates violently when heated. 11 -fig. [Originally a rendering of med.L .fulminare, the technical term for the formal issuing of condemnations or censures by the pope or other ecclesiastical authority; afterwards used with wider application and with reference to the literal sense.] 7 . trans. To ‘ thunder forth ’; to utter or publish (a formal condemnation or censure') upon a person. c 1450 Henryson Tale of Dog 80 The Arbiteris. .The sen¬ tence gaif, and proces fulminat. 1532-3 Act 24 Hen. VIII , c. 12 § 2 Notwithstandynge. .it should happen any Excom- mengement .. to be fulminate, promulged, declared, or put in Execucion. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus iii. 17 The mater was to be fulminat. 1682 Nevvs fr. E'rance 37 The Pope sent.. a Bull of Excommunication, which he required him . .to fulminate in his Name against all the Assembly. 1726 Ayliffe Parergon 157 All Ecclesiastical Persons, .to whom an Ordinary Jurisdiction is given .. may fulminate these Church-Censures. 1750 Warburton Doctr. Grace n. v. Wks. 1811 VIII. 339 Judgments, .fulminated with the air of one who had the divine Vengeance at his disposal. 1816 J. Scott Vis. Paris (ed. 5) Pref. 27 The maledictions he [Napoleon] fulminated.against our Island. .1832 tr. Sis- mondis Ital. Rep. xii. 272 The pope fulminated a bull against him .. for having hanged an archbishop. 1871 Napheys Prev. <$• Cure Dis. 1. iii. 112 Kings have fulmi¬ nated their decrees against it. 8. To strike with the ‘ thunderbolts’ of ecclesias¬ tical censure; hence gen. to denounce in scathing terms, condemn vehemently. 1687 Dryden HindSf P. ii. 58^ For all of ancient that you had before..Was Errour fulminated o’er and o’er. 1688 T. Browne Reasons Bays Changing Relig. 15, 1 fulminated Johnsons affected Style. 1760 Hurd in Lett, late eminent Prelate (1809) 311, Burnet's Exposition I find was fulminate; and, had the Convocation been as busy, twenty years ago, as Dr. Atterbury would have it, I should have been in pain for the Divine Legation. 1773 Burke Sp. Prot '. Diss. Bill Wks. X. 37 ,1 would have the Laws rise in all their majesty of terrours, to fulminate such vain and impious wretches. 1806 W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. IV. 263 The catholic church .. fulminates without hesitation a Julian or an Elizabeth. 9 . intr. Of the pope, etc.: To issue censures or condemnations (against); gen. to ‘thunder’,inveigh violently against. 1639 Fuller Holy War iii. xxx. (1647) 162 Before.his time the Imperiall majesty..was never fulminated against with excommunication. 1660 R. Coke Power Subj. 215 Pope Paul .. after he had fulminated so dreadfully against him, proposed him for an Example to be imitated. 1768 Boswell Corsica ii. (ed. 2) 65 The Vatican from whence the holy father used..to fulminate with serious effect against the greatest powers in Europe. 1792 Bar. Munchausen's Trav. xxxiv. 150, I .. seized the Speaker, who was fulmi¬ nating against tne Aristocrats. 1849 Sir J. Stephen Eccl. Biog. (1850) I. 466 Pulpits fulminated, presses groaned. 1852 Gladstone Glean. (1879' IV. xxii. 157 It will be the duty of the Pope himself to fulminate against them. Hence Fulminating vbl. sb., the action of the vb. 1693 W. Salmon Bates' Dispens. (1715) 537/1 You need not fear its fulminating in the drying. t Fu'lminate, ppl- « Obs. rare. [ad. minat-us, pa. pple. of fulmindre (see Fulminate w.).] Fulminated, emitted as a thunderbolt. 1659 Baxter Key Cath. xlv. 315 They [the Jesuits] were the only cause that incensed the Pope to send so many fulminate Breves to these Kingdoms. Fulminating (fzz-lmin^tiq), ppl. a. [f. Ful¬ minate v. + -ing -.] That fulminates. 1 . Detonating, violently explosive. Fulminating gold, mercury, platinum, silver, various fulminates or salts of fulminic acid. Fulminating pane (see quot. 1879). Fulminating powder, formerly, a mixture of nitre, potash, and sulphur ; now sometimes applied to other violently explosive powders, chiefly containing fulminate of mercury. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 11. v. 89 These afford no fulminating report. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 35 These I found to have quite lost all their fulminating or flying quality. 1691 Ray Creation 1. (1704) 80 For fulminating Engines. 1695 Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth iv. (1723) 227 The Fulminating Damp will take Fire at a Candle. 1794 j. Hutton Philos. Light, etc. 210 This fulminating composition. 1807 T. Thom¬ son C/iem.(yd. 3)11. i2Thispowderisfulminatinggold, which is composed of five parts of yellow oxide of gold and one part of ammonia. Ibid. 423 Mr. Howard . .has given it the name of fulminating mercury. 1858 Greener Gunnery 22 Nothing can resist the exceeding intensity of the action of fulmi¬ nating powder. 1879 Rossiter Diet. Sci. Terms, Fulmi¬ nating pane, glass plate coated on each side with tin-foil, which, when electrified, can be discharged with a spark. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 146/2 Fulminating silver, even when moist, will explode by percussion. b. Producing a brilliant flash when ignited. 1676 Lister in Ray's Corr. (1848) 124 The fulminating powder, which the spikes of Muscus Lycopod. yield. 2 . Jig. That thunders or hurls forth censures, de¬ nunciations, or the like; also, that is thundered forth. 1626 T. H[awkins] Caussins Holy Crt. 127 Rome, from whence came all the fulminating thunders, and bloudy Edicts agaynst Christians, a 1693 Urquhart Rabelais iii. xii. 93 A powerful and fulminating Goddess. 1734 tr. Rollins Anc. Hist. (1827) II. 11. 91 This fulminating decree. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 16 All things in this his fulminating bull are not of so innoxious a tendency, a 1839 Praed Poems ( 1864) II. 273 Hits Sent slyly out by little wits, A fulminating breed. Fulmination (fylmin^'Jan). [ad. 'L.fulmina- tion-em, n. oidiC\\on{.fulminare(see Fulminate^.).] 1 . The bursting forth of thunder and lightning. In quots. only fig .: cf. 4. 1623 Cockeram, Fulmination , thundring. 1650 Bulwer Anthropomet. 126 Like wicked Outlawes despising the ful¬ mination of divine Anger. 1868 Browning Ring § Bk. ix. 606 St. Paul.. Deplored the check o’ the puny presence, still Cheating his fulmination of its flash. 1869 Goulbijrn Purs. Holiness 96 He beats down with His fulminations the old idols of prejudice. 2 . The action of fulminating or detonating; loud explosion. 1667 Hensiiaw in Sprat Hist. R. Soc. 275 The Volatile part that was seperated from it in the fulmination. 1765 Hamilton in Phil. Traits. LV. 176 Mariotte. .calls these bubbles [in boiling water] fulminations. 1794 J. Hutton Philos. Light, etc. 232 Another species of explosion, which has been termed fulmination. 1885 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fulmi¬ nation, an explosion with noise, resulting from the sudden decomposition of a chemical substance. + 3 . Metallurgy. (See Fulminate v. 3.) Obs. 1612 Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 2 7 J Fulmination .. is a metallicall gradation, with excoction to an absolute perfection in Cinerition, whose purity is declared by an effulgent splendor. 75-2 FULMINATORY. 596 FULSOMELY. 4. The formal emission of an ecclesiastical con¬ demnation or censure (see Fulminate v . II). Subse¬ quently with a more general sense: Violent denun¬ ciation or threatening; an instance of this, a terrific explosion of indignation. 1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) iv. viii. 191 For the twenty fulminacyons that they make at this day comenly. 1532-3 Act 24 Hen. VII/, c. 12 § 3 The sayde fulminacions of any of the same interdictions. 1606 Crt. Times Jas. I (1849) h 63 Their protestation against the Pope’s fulmina- tion. 1726 Ayliffe Parergon 132 These Fulmmations from the Vatican were turn’d into Ridicule. 1809 Knox & Jf.bb Corr. I. 556 Gross vice is not, in the first instance, to be encountered with menaces and fulminations. _ 1845 H. Rogers Ess. I. iii. 122 Awaiting the fulmination of the bull. 1858 Times 6 Aug. 11/2 His .. generals were more strictly bound down by great fulminations never to attack without permission. 1861 Miss C. Fox Jmls. II. 280 John Bright is great fun, always ready for a chat and a fulmination. Fulminatory (firlminatsui), a. [ad. F. fill- minatoirc, f. L .fulmindre: see Fulminate v. and -ORY.] Sending forth fulminations, thundering. 1611 Cotgr., Fulminatoire , fulminatorie, thundering, lightening, destroying, terrible. 1656-81 in Blount Glossogr. 1721-92 in Bailey. 1820 Examiner No. 641. 475/2 One of the framers of the fulminatory preamble. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. II. v. ii, Its speculatory Height or Mountain, which will become a practical fulminatory Height. 1840 J. Quincy Hist. Hai'vard Univ. I. 134 Their violent and fulminatory measures. Fulmine (fo’lmin), v. [ad. L .fulmin-are : see Fulminate w.] 1. (runs. To send forth (lightning or thunder). 1590 Spenser F. Q. iii. ii. 5 As it had beene a flake Of lightning through bright heven fulmined. 1830 W. Phillips Ml. Sinai iv. 381 A sound As 'twere of thunder fulmined nigh at hand, O’envhelm’d his hearing. b. fig. To ‘thunder’ or flash out. 1847 Tennyson Princ. 11. 1x8 She fulmined out her scorn of laws Salique And little-footed China. 2. intr . To ‘thunder’, speak out fiercely or energetically. Now chiefly in echoes of Milton’s use (quot. 1671 ). 1623 tr. Favine's Tkecit. Hon. 11. xiii. 276 He had inter¬ dicted and fulmined against the Emperour. 1671 Milton P. R. iv. 270 Whose resistless eloquence Wielded at will that fierce Democratic, Shook the Arsenal and fulmined over Greece, c 1820 S. Rogers Italy , Luigi 35 How unlike him who fulmined in old Rome ! 1870 Lowf.ll Study Wind. 3S4 Listening to him who fulmined over Greece. Fulmineous (folmi-nias), a. ? 06 s. [f. L .ful- mine-us (f. fulmin- Fulmen) +-ous.] Pertaining to thunder or lightning. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. 1744 J. Claridge's Shepherd of Banbury's Rides 31 The fulmineous matter in the air is set on fire. 1766 G. Canning Anti-Lucretius iv. 318 Than the flame fulmineous fiercer far. Fulmrnic (folmi-nik), a . Chem. [f. ’L.fulmin - (with sense derived from Fulminate v.) + -ic.] In Fulminic acid C2H2N2O2, nitro-acetonitril, an acid (not yet isolated) forming explosive salts with some metals. 1825 Hamilton Diet. Terms, Fulminic Acid, in Chemistry, an acid capable of combining in different proportions, with different bases, and thus forming as many detonating salts. 1850 Daubeny Atom. The. vii. (ed. 2) 215 Cy 2 +oxygen 2 + Aq. 1 forms fulminic acid. 1864 H. Spencer Biol. I. 8 The various fulminating salts are all formed by the union with metals, of a certain nitrogenous acid called fulminic acid. Fulminous (fo'lminas), a. [f. "L.fulmin- Ful¬ men + -ous.] Of or pertaining to thunder and lightning ; fulminating. 163s Heywood Hierarch, n. 63 In his hand A Trisulc thunderbolt or Fulminous brand. 1665 Sir T. Browne Whs. (1835) IV. 354 The like fulminous fire killed a man in Erpingham church. 1876 F. Harrison Choice Bks. (1886) 122 Sad as those fulminous imprecations on mankind, when Lear bows his head to the storm. Fulminurate (fcdminiiia-r^t). Chem. [f. as next + -ate : see Urate.] A salt of fulminuric acid. 1864 Watts Diet. Chem. II. 739 Fulminurates. Ful¬ minuric acid appears to be monobasic; at all events all the fulminurates hitherto obtained contain only 1 at. metal in place of hydrogen. Fulminuric (folminiuo-rik), a. Chem. [f. Ful- min-ic + Uric.] Only in Fulminuric acid (see quots.) ; Fulminuric ether. 1864 Watts Diet. Chem. II. 738 Fulminuric Acid C'H 3 N ' 0 ' Isocyanuric acid. An acid isomeric with cya- nunc acid. Ibid . 741 Fulminuric Ether : see Fulminurate of Ethyl. 1879 Rossiter Diet. Sci. Terms, Fulminuric acid . . an anhydrous crystalline substance obtained from fulminic acid. Fulness: see Fullness. 1* Fulsa’mic, a. Obs. rare ~ l . [? corruptly f. Fulsome -f-ic.] = Fulsome. 1694 Congreve Double Dealer m. x, O filthy Mr. Sneer; he’s a nauseous figure, a most fulsamick Fop, Foh ! t Fu'lsion. Obs. rare - 1 . [as if ad. L. *fulsion- em, f. fulgere to shine.] The action of shining forth; an instance of this. 1690 W. Leybourn Cursus Math. 782 Fourteen of the Extream Fulsions, or of the brightest shinings of Mars. Fulsome (fo’lsam), a. P'orms: 3-5 fulsum, 4-8 fulsom, 5- fulsome ; also 5 folsome, 6 ful- soom, 7 fullsome, (9 foulsome), 6 Sc. fowsum, 7, 9 Sc. fousome. [f. Full a. + -some. It is possible that there may have been a ME. fulsum (f. ful. Foul a.) which has coalesced with this; but the supposition is not absolutely necessary to account for the development of senses.] + 1 . Characterized by abundance, possessing or affording copious supply; abundant, plentiful, full. c 1250 Gen. # Ex. 2153De .vii. fulsum ^eres faren. ‘la 1412 Lydg. Lyfe our Ladye (Caxton) A v, For alwey God gaf hyr to her presence So fulsom lyght of heuenly influence. Ibid. B v b, Like as a fulsum welle Shedyth his stremys in to the ryuere. c 1440 — Sccrees 723 At Ellyconys welle This philisoffre by fulsom habundance Drank grettest plente. 1481 Earl Worcester Tulle on Friendsh. B viib, Though he. .were sette in moost folsom plente. C1510 Barclay Mirr. Gd..Manners (1570) Ciij b, Folowe fulsome fieldes habun- daunt of frument. 1515 — Egloges iv. (1570) C iij a, Suche fulsome pasture made him a double chin. 1571 Golding Calvin, on Ps. Ixxiii. 26 Much more fulsome is Davids confession [orig. Longe plenior est Dauidis confessio ]. 1583 — Calvin on Deut. xcii. 571 Likewise of their firstfruites instede of making good fulsome sheaues and bundels vnto God, they gelded them, and made them verie thinne and lanke. [1868 Helps Realmah II. xi. 80 My complaint of the world .. is this—that there is too much of everything.. and so I could go on enumerating, .all the things which are too full in this fulsome world. I use fulsome in the original sense.] t b. Growing abundantly, rank in growth. Obs . 1633 Costlie Whore iv. i. in Bullen O. PI. IV, Plucke up the fulsome thistle in the prime. + 2 . Of the body, etc.: Full and plump, fat, well- grown ; in a bad sense, over-grown. Obs. I 34 0- 7 ° Alex. $ Dind. 497 Wif> pe siht clene We ben as fulsom l-founde as pou} we fed were, c 1400 Dcstr. Troy 3068 With a necke.. Nawper fulsom, ne fat, but fetis & round. 1565 Golding Ovid's Met. vii. (1567) 85 a, His leane, pale, hore, and withered corse grew fulsome, faire, and fresh. 1593 Rich Greene's Neives G iij b, A chuffe-headed Cardinall with a paire of fulsome cheekes. 1628 Wither Brit. Rememb. vi. 637 For either arme in such a mould is cast As makes it full as fulsome as their waste. 1664 H. More Myst. Iniq. 238 A fulsome and over-grown and unwholesome Flesh. 1678 Otway Friendship in F. 11. i, ’Tis such a fulsom overgrown Rogue ! + b. Overfed, surfeited. Also fig. Obs. 1642 Rogers Naaman 24 Lazy, Laodicean temper of a fulsome, carelesse, surfeted spirit. Ibid. 346 Doth he not deserve at our hands more then a faint fulsome grant with Martha, thou canst doe all things. 1805 A. Scott Poems 40 (Jam.) Nor fall their [?read they] victims to a fulsome rift. + c. App. used for: Lustful, ‘ rank’. Obs. 1596 Shaks. Merch. V. 1. iii. 87 The fulsome Ewes. [Cf. rancke in line 81.] f 3 . Of food: Satiating, 1 filling ’, tending to cloy or surfeit; also, coarse, gross, unsuited to a dainty palate: Obs. c 1410 Love Bonavent. Mirr. Ixiii, It shulde so soone be fulsome and not comfortable deynte. 1555 W. Watreman P'ardle Facions 1. vi. 94 This kinde of meate onely, serueth them all their life tyme..and neuer waxeth fulsome vnto theim. 1577 Harrison England 11. vi. (1877) 1. 160 Our ale..is more thicke, fulsome and of no continuance. 1594 Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits xii. (1596) 198 Though the same were a meat of such delicacie and pleasing rellish, yet in the end, the people of Israeli found it fulsome. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 488 A little honie is sweet; much, fulsome. 1655 Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. (1746) 229 A gross and fulsome Nourishment, unless they meet with a strong and good Stomach, a 1668 Davenant News fr. Piym. (1673) 3 Their gross feedings On fulsome Butter, Essex Cheese. 1735 Pope Donne Sat. 11. 118 Carthusian fasts, and fulsome Bacchanals. 1742 Young Nt. Th. vii. 263 Why starv’d, on earth, our angel-appetites; While brutal are indulg’d their fulsome fill ? 1770 Wilkes Let. 29 July in Coyr. (1805) IV. 76, I dined with the lord-mayor . .We had two turtles, and a fulsome great dinner. + b. Having a sickly or sickening taste; tending to cause nausea. Obs. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 434 The oile. .is very fulsome and naught to be eaten. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 248 The very sight of that cup, wherein such a fulsome potion was brought him, turnes his stomacke. 1694 Westmacott Script. Herb. 6 The common Anise-Seed-Water .. is the most fulsom and insalubrious of Strong-waters. 1743 Lond. $ Country Brew. 11. (ed. 2) 107 A certain sour, fulsome Quality that the former Wort left behind. f c. fig. Cloying, satiating, wearisome from ex¬ cess or repetition. (Cf. sense 7.) Obs. 1531 Elyot Gov. i. xxi, Lest in repetyng a thinge so frequent and commune, my boke shulde be .. fastidious or fulsome to the reders. 1601 Shaks. Twel. N. v. i. 112 If it be ought to the old tune, my Lord, It is as fat and fulsome to mine eare As howling after Musicke. 1605 Camden Rem. (1637)43 The Spanish majesticall, but fulsome, running too much on the O. 1633 Rogers Treat. Sacram. 1. 163 Who then wonders if the Supper of Christ.. be as a fulsome thing unto you? 1694 Addison Eng. Gi’eatest Poets Misc. Wks. 1726 I. 36 The long-spun allegories fulsom grow, While the dull moral lyes too plain below. 1709 Steele Tatlcr No. 70 r 4 As too little Action is cold, so too much is fulsome. + 4 . Offensive to the sense of smell: a. Strong¬ smelling, of strong, rank, or overpowering odour, b. Foul-smelling, stinking. Obs. 1583 Stanyhurst yEneis 11. (Arb.) 66 Eeoh path was ful- soom with sent of sulphurus orpyn. 1606 Sir G. Goose- cappe 1. ii. in Bullen O. PI. III. 14 Heres such a fulsome Aire comes into this Chamber. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 507 They are commonly of rank and fulsome smell; as May- Flowers and White Lillies. 1683 Tryon Way to Health 119 That is the reason why fryed, baked and stewed Food does send forth a stronger and fulsomer scent than other Preparations. 1725 Bradley Earn. Dict.s.v. Malt, The Kiln ought to have convenient Windows, that your gross Steams, fulsom Damps, and stupifying Vapours may pass freely away. + 5 . Offensive to the senses generally; physically disgusting, foul, or loathsome. Obs. ? 1507 Communyc. (W. de W.) Aij, Man is but fulsome erthe and claye. 1579 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 130 Whereby they noted the great dislyking they had of their fulsome feedinge. 1595 Shaks. John 111. iv. 32, I will..stop this gap of breath with fulsome dust. 1621 Burton Anat.Mcl. I. ii. 1. ii. (1651) 53 She vomited some 24 pounds of fulsome stuffe of all colours. Ibid. 11. ii. 1. i. 232 Calis .. would use no Vulgar water; but she died ..of so fulsome a disease that no water could wash her clean. 1627 Drayton Agin- court etc. 199 A thousand silken Puppets should haue died, And in their fulsome Coffins putrified, Ere [etc.]. 1642 Davenant Unfort. Lovers iv, Who once departed, know this fulsome world So much unfit to mingle with their pure Refined ayre, that they will returne. 1720 T. Boston Hum. Nat. in P'ourfold St. (1797) 152 They cleave fondly to these fulsome breasts. [1849 Tait's Mag. XVI. 120/2 Hundreds of dogs..are annually committed to the abysses of these foulsome waters.] 6. Offensive to normal tastes or sensibilities; ex¬ citing aversion or repugnance; disgusting, repulsive, odious. ? Obs. exc. as in sense 7. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Julian 496 Of his wykytnes pat fulsume til al gud-men wes. 7^1400 Morte Arth. 1061 There thow lygges, ffor the fulsomeste freke that fourmede was euere ! 1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 713/2 Tindall ..with hys fulsome feeling fayth. 1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 464/2 It is a foule and fulsome thing, whiche shee must leaue off. 1611 Cotgr. s.v. Robin , A filthie knaue with a fulsome queane. 1635 Quarles Embl. iii. ii. (1718) 133 Seest thou this fulsom ideot ? ^1645 Howell Lett. (1650) I. 188 A phlegmatic dull wife is fulsome and fastidious. 1680 Otway Orphan 1. i. (1691) 3 Now half the Youth of Europe are in Arms, How fulsome must it be to stay behind, And dye of rank diseases here at home ? 1684 Sir C. Scrope Misc. Poems 112 Let not his fulsome armes embrace your waste. 1702 Pope Wife of Bath T73 Fulsom love for gain we can endure. 1780 Cowper Progr. Err. 291 And lest the fulsome artifice should fail. Themselves will hide its coarseness with a veil. 1819 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd (1827) 29 Have at a fousome kirk, and batter Her lustfu’ banes untill they clatter l 1826 Scott Woodst. iii, In a booth at the fulsome fair. t b. Morally foul, filthy, obscene. Obs. 1604 Shaks. Oth. iv. i. 37 Lye with her: that’s fullsome. 1680 Dryden Pref. to Ovid's Epist. (1683) A iij b, A certain Epigram, which is ascrib’d to him [the emperour]. .is more fulsome than any passage I have met with in our Poet. 1682 Shadwell Medal 3 Thy Mirth by foolish Bawdry is exprest; And so debauch’d, so fulsome, and so odd. _ 1719 D’Urfey Pills (1872) I. 327 And earn a hated living in an odious Fulsome way. 1726 Amherst Terras Fil. xxvi. 144 What followed was too fulsome for the eyes of my chaste readers. 7 . Of language, style, behaviour, etc.: Offensive to good taste ; esp. offending from excess or want of measure or from being ‘over-done’. Now chiefly used in reference to gross or excessive flattery, over¬ demonstrative affection, or the like. 1663 Bp. Patrick Parab. Pilgr. 201, I never heard any¬ thing so fulsome from the mouth of man; and found my self .. impatient of such silly stuff. 1692 Bentley Boyle Led. vi. i8p They were puffed up with the fulsome Flat¬ teries of their Philosophers and Sophists. 1702 Rowe Tamerl. iii. i. 1081 Bear back thy fulsom Greeting to thy Master. 1762 Goldsm. Cit. W. xviii, Concealed disgust under the appearance of fulsome endearment. 1782 J. Warton Ess. Pope II. xii. 338 This fawning and fulsome court-historian. 1784 Cowper Task vi. 289 The fulsome cant And pedantry that coxcombs learn with ease. 1802 Mar. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. 226 The fulsome strains of courtly adu¬ lation. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets vi. 169 Pindar was never fulsome in his panegyric. 1874 Helps Soc. Press, xiii. 778 This fulsome publicity I have described, b. quaswA 1742 H. Walpole Lett. II. Mann (1834) I. xxiv. 104 Some choice letters from Queen Anne, little inferior in the ful¬ some to those from King James to. .Buckingham. t Fulsomehead. Obs. [f. Fulsome +-head.] Plentifulness, abundance. c 1250 Gen. f,- Ex. 1548 Heuene dew and erSes fetthed, Of win and olie fulsum-hed. Ibid. 2128 Do .vij. 3er ben 3et to cumen In al fulsum-hed sulen it ben numen. Fulsomely (fp*lsomli), adv. [f. Fulsome + -ly ^.] In a fulsome manner. 11 . Abundantly, plentifully, fully. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 17805 (Gott.) Ga we pan fulsumli peder. c 1350 Will. Palerne 4325 pann were spacli spices spended al a boute fulsumli at pe ful to eche freke per-inne. 1412-20 Lydg. Chron. Troy, The foyson and plente Of kyngly fredom unto hye and lowe So fulsomly gan there to reygne and snowe. c 1440 Hylton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 11. xxvii, He that woll. .fulsomly fele the loue of Jhesu in his sowle. 2. In a way that causes surfeit or nausea ; in a way that offends the senses; cloyingly, sicken- ingly ; disgustingly, loathsomely. 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot., Cosmogr. <5* Descr. Albion iv. (1541) B ij b, Thow sail fynd thaym throw thair intemperance and surfet diet sa fowsumlie growin. 1563 Homilies 11. Repairing C/t. (1859) 2 74 Suffered Gods House to bee in ruine and decay, to lye uncomely, and fulsomely. 1572 J. Jones Bathes Buckstone 10 b, Neyther with such [euill ayre] as commeth of houses fulsomely kept. 1599 Nashe Lenten Stuffe (1871) 91 The very embers whereon he was singed.. fumed most fulsomely of his fatty droppings. 1620 Venner Via Recta (1650) 34 It is nauseous and fulsomely sweet. 1708 Brit. Apollo No. 78. 3/1 Who but in the Lushious delight, Which fulsomely Cloys. 3 . In a way that is offensive to good taste (see Fulsome 7). + Also, coarsely, obscenely {obs.). 1677 Sedi.ey Ant. <$• Cl. iv. i. Your slighted love..Can you forget ? and fulsomely pursue The man with kindness FULSOMENESS. 597 FUMBLE. who despises you? 1678 Cudworth Intel!. Syst. 553 Apuleius also..grosIy and fulsomely imputes the same to Plato. 1693 Dryden Juvenal Ded. (1697) 34 The Act of Consummation fulsomly describ’d in the very Words of the most Modest amongst all Poets. 1700 Congreve Way of World iv. v, That nauseous cant, in which men and their wives are so fulsomely familiar. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) III. lxv. 377 Mr. Belford seems, .although very complaisant, not so fulsomely so as Mr. Tourville. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 225 The language of these compo¬ sitions was. .fulsomely servile. 1861 Pearson Early e said nolt & scheip. 1721 Kelly Sc. Prov. 308 The Master’s Foot is the best Foulzie. 3 . Comb. : fulyie-man, a scavenger. 1826 J. Wilson Nod. Ambr. Wks. 1855 1 .197 A ginshower aneuch to sicken a fulzie-man. + FuTyie, V. Sc. Obs. [Sc. var. of Foil v.] trans. in various senses of Foil. a. To trample on. b. To injure, destroy, c. To defeat, over¬ come. d. To dishonour, violate (a woman). c 1450 Golagros <5* Gaw. 928 He..Pertly put with his pith at his pesane, And fulyeit of the fyne maill _raa |?an fyfty. C1470 Henry Wallace iv. 456 Sone. wndir feit fuljeid was men of wer. Ibid. xi. 22 Hagis, alais, be laubour that was thar, Fu^eit and spilt. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 350 Seand his men so fu^eit in that fecht. .1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 165 He, with unbridlit lust, fulyeit his anttis. a 1807 Christmas Baling xxvi. in J. Skinner Misc. Coll. Poet. (1809) 131 Tam Tull. .Saw him sae mony fuilzie [ed. 1805 foolyie]. Hence Fu lyeit ppl. a., exhausted, worn out. Also FuTyear, one who dishonours (women). 1508 Dunbar Tua viariit wemen 63 Birdis. .lattis thair fulyeit feiris flie quhair thai pleis. Ibid. 86 Nothir febill, nor fant, nor fu^eit in labour. 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) II. 20 He vves ane. .fulyear of matronis. Fuill (fom), sb. Also fung. [corruption of Chinese fung ( hwang ).] A fabulous bird (by Europeans commonly called the phoenix), one of the symbols of the imperial dignity in China. 1820 Moore Fum <$• Hum Wks. V. 132 One day the Chinese Bird of Royalty, Fum, Thus accosted our own Bird of Royalty, Hum. 1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy I. 332 The fum or Chinese bird of royalty. t Fum, v. Obs. [echoic.] 1 . intr. To play (on a guitar) with the fingers. Cf. Strum, Thrum vbs. 1607 Dekker & Webster Westw. Hoev. Wks. 1873 II. 349 Follow me, and fum as you goe. 1672 Dryden Assig¬ nation 11. iii, He fums on the Guittar. 2 . traits. ? To thump, beat. (The quot. is negro- Eng.; but cf. Fum-fum b.) 1790 J. B. Moreton W. Indies 154 Then missess fum me wid long switch. .Me fum’d when me no .. me fum’d too if me do it. So with reduplication Fum-fum, ( a ) expressing the sound of a stringed instrument; ( b) a thumping or beating. 1656 Earl Monm. Advt.fr. Parnass. 326 Trivial Fidlers, who play fum fum in the meanest Assemblies. 1885 Blackw. Mag. Oct. 522/2 He got fum-fum for purloining again. Fuma’cious, a. rare [f. L. fumare to smoke, after the analogy of Lat. adjs. in -ac-em : see -ACious.] Fond of smoking. 1864 in Webster. Fumade (fiwm^-d). Also 6-9 fumado, (7 fu- matho). Also corruptly Fair Maid. [app. ad. Sp .fumado (fama’fffl) pple., smoked ; the spelling fumatho seems to indicate retention of the original pronunciation.] A smoked pilchard. 1599 Nashe Lenten Stuffe (1871) 61 Cornish pilchards, otherwise called Fumados. c 1600 Norden Spec. Brit ., Cornw. (1728) 23 The dryed ware they carrye into Spayne, Italic, Venice .. and in those partes tooke name Fumados, for that they are dryed in the smoake. 1602 Carew Corn¬ wall 33 a. a 1661 Fuller Worthies, Cormvall 1. (1662) 194 Then (by the name of Fumadoes), with Oyle and a Lemon, they [Pilchards] are meat for the mightiest Don in Spain. c 1682 J. Collins Making of Salt 105 This sort [of salted Herrings] are commonly called Fumathos. 1859 Walcott Guide Devon fy Cormu. 525 Pilchards, which elsewhere are known as * Fair maids’, are here called Fumados. Fumage l . Hist. [nd. med.L . fumagium, L fiim-us smoke.] Hearth-money. 1755 in -Johnson. 1765 Blackstone Comm. I. vii. 323 As early as the conquest mention is made in domesday book of fumage or fuage, vulgarly called smoke farthings; which were paid by custom to the king for every chimney in the house. 1876 S. Dowell Taxes in Eng. 11888) I. 1. 10 A fumage, or tax of smoke farthings, or hearth tax., ranges among those of the Anglo-Saxon period. t Fu mage ' l . Obs.~° [a. F. fumage, f. fumer to dung.] (^See quot. 1725.) 1676-1732 Coles, Fumage , manuring with dung. 1725 Bradley Fam. Diet., Fumage , a Term in Agriculture signifying Dung, or manuring with Dung. II Fumago (fiume'’go). [mod.L., f. fiim-us smoke.] (See quot.) 1887 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 2 Sept. 918/1 The soot dews, or fumagos, are a genus of fungi which are mainly epiphytes . .The fumago settles upon the upper sides of leaves. Fumant (fi? 7 -mant), a. Her. [a. F. fumant pr. pple. of fumer to smoke.] (See quot.) 1828-40 Berry Encycl. Her. I, Fumant, emitting vapour or smoke. 1889 in Elvin Diet. Her. Fumarin (fiw'marin). Chem. [f. mod.L .Fuma- ria Fumitory.] (See quot. 1864.) So Fuma ric acid (see quot.); Pu'marate, a salt of this acid. 1864 Watts Diet. Chem. II. 741 Fumaric acid. C 1 li ! Ot .. An acid isomeric with maleic acid.. It is produced by the dehydration of malic acid. Ibid. 743 Some of the fumarates are crystalline, others pulverulent, and most of them have a mild taste. Ibid. 747 Fumarine, an organic base, con¬ tained in fumitory (Fumaria officinalis*. 1876 Harley Mat. Med. 362 The lichen contains, .a little fumaric acid. Fumarole (fhrmaroul). Also fumarol, fume- role. [ad. F . fumerolle (fumarolle): see Feme- bell.] A hole or vent through which vapour issues from a volcano; a smoke-hole. 1811 Pinkerton Petral. II. 548 A more proper name for these ignited hills and spots would be fumarols. _ 1830 Lyell Princ. Geol. 1 . 342 Fumeroles or small crevices in the cone through which hot vapours are disengaged. 1852 Blackw. Mag. LXXI. 522 Cracks..are produced in the solid rocks; smoking fumeroles appear. 1881 W. G. Mar¬ shall Thro. Amer. xv. 315 The Californian Geysers are rather fumaroles—an immense collection of vents from which hot air is emitted. Fumart, var. of Foumakt. Fumatho, obs. form of Fumade. t Fuma'tic. Obs. rare- 1 , [f. L. fum-us smoke'; ? a derisive parody of Pneumatic.] 1641 True Char, Untrue Bishop 7 He hateth his enthu- siastick fumaticks, who talk so much of the Spirit. Fumatory (fitrmatori', sb. Also incorrectly fumitory, [if. Lat. type *fumatorium, f. fiimare : see next and -obv.] f 1 . A censer. Obs. rare— 1 . c 1530 in Gutch Coll. Cur. II. 318 The mending of a Fumi¬ tory waying more then it dyd before by d. oz. 2 . A place set apart for smoking or fumigating purposes. a 1704 T. Brown Wks. (1730) II. 179 To sot away your time in Mongo’s fumitory among a parcel of old sinoak- dry’d cadators. 1842 Fraser's Mag. XXVI. 361 The great united talent of the age .. had alighted .. on this great ‘fumatory’ [Manchester]. 1851 S. Judd Margaret n. v. (1871) 238 We have erected a Fumitory for the more com¬ plete cleansing of all that pass this way. Fumatory (fifrmatori), a. [f. L. type *fiima- tori-us, {.fumare to smoke, Lflimits : see Fume sb. and -ORY.] Of or pertaining to (tobacco-) smoking. 1847 Blackw. Mag. LXI. 744 This fumatory process pro¬ ceeded for some time almost in silence. + Fumay, v. Hunting. Obs. rare. Also 5 fe- may, ferny, fymay. [? ad. AF. *fu-, ftmeiier ; cf. OF .femeis and femicr, fumier dunghill, femer (mod.F. fumer) to manure ; the ultimate source is L .fimus dung.] intr. Of certain animals, esp. the hare : To evacuate excrement. 1486 [see Crotey v., Fen w. 1 ]. Fumble (fwmb’l), v. Also 6 fomble. [Of obscure origin: equivalent forms exist in other Teut. langs.; cf. Du. fommelen, LG. fummeln, fommeln, Sw. fumla, to fumble, grope ; prob. FUMBLE. 598 FUME. onomatopoeic; cf. bumble Jumble , mumble , stumble, also FAMBLE, Fimble vbs. Possibly the formation of the word may have been in part suggested by the sb. which appears as OE. folm(e, OS. *folm (pi. foltrios), OHG. folma hand; cf. ON. falma (jcel.fdlma) to grope, with which Sw .famla, Da. famle ( = Famble v.) are commonly regarded as identical.] 1 . intr. To use one’s hands or ^fingers awkwardly or ineffectually; to grope about/ To fumble at: to make clumsy attempts at doing or handling (some¬ thing). To fumble for or after : to make clumsy attempts to reach or grasp. Also to fumble about. 1534 More On the Passion Wks. 1293/1 The dyuel .. should not be able to reache hys [Christe's] heade..but only to fumble about, his foote. 1563-87 Foxe A. 4- M. (1596) 1858/2 She desired him to looke in his Testament. Then he fumbled and sought about him for one. 1599 Shahs. Hen. V, 11. iii. 14 For after I saw him fumble with the Sheets, and play with Flowers .. I knew there was but one way. 1602 Dekker Satirom. Wks. 1873 I. 219 What made these paire of shittle-cockes heere ? What doe they fumble for ? a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) II. 108 Those, that cannot play, delight to fumble on Instruments. 1739 R. Bull tr. Dedekindus' Grobianus 251 He vainly fumbles at the fatal Door. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 288 If you set a man with gloves on, or a rustic whose hands are hard by labour to take off a single sheet, he will fumble about a long while. 1809 W. Irving Knickerb. (1861) 160 Seeing him lay down his pipe and begin to fumble with nis walk¬ ing-staff. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 361 The soldiers were still fumbling with the muzzles of their guns .. when the whole flood of Macleans, Macdonalds, and Camerons came down. 1859 Kingsley Misc. (i860) II. 139 He., fumbled for the bible in his boot. 1874 Burnand My Time xiv. 1 19 ‘Let me see’ said [he] .. fumbling about in all his pockets. b. transf. and fig. 1612 T. Taylor Comm. Titus iii. 5 He will be nibling and fumbling at all these as far as he dare. 1656 H. More Enthus. Tri. (1662) 1 The foulness of his Mind makes him fumble very dotingly in the use thereof. 1678 Cudworth Intill. Syst. 683 Our Mechanick or Atomick Theists, will have their Atoms, never so much as once to have Fumbled, in these their Fortuitous Motions. 1686 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. v. (ed. 3) 47 If he [horse] fumbles with his Corn, then give him. no more at that time. 1784 J. Barry in Lect. Paint, vi. (1848) 223 Any artist .. fumbling through three or four strata of colour before he can find them. 1870 M. D. Conway Earthw. Pilgr. xxiii. 267 Englishmen are still fumbling about Mount Sinai in the East. c. ? quasi -trans. with complement. 1864 Lowell Fireside Trav. no A hostler fumbled the door open. 1887 Punch 19 Mar. 143/2 Dizzy, then Premier, fumbled his eyeglass into position. 2 . trails. To handle awkwardly or with nervous clumsiness. Also with on , out, over. 1606 Shahs. Tr. 4* Cr. 1. iii. 174 And with a palsie fumbling on his Gorget, Shake in and out the Riuet. a 1658 Cleveland To T. C. 17 A Nut which when thou’st crack’d and fumbled o’er Thou’lt find the Squirrel has been there before. 1681 Dryden Spanish Friar 1. i, His greasy bald-pate choir Came fumbling o’er the beads, in such an agon}', They told 'em false for fear. 1756 Connoisseur No. 134 (1774) IV. 228 The old women, .fumbling over their tattered testaments till they have found the text. 1801 Gabrielli Myst. Husband I. 235 The fugitives, .having fumbled out their bundles in the dark, first handed them to him. 1840 Thackeray Bedford-Row Conspir. i,[He] came forward, looking very red,and fumbling two large kid gloves. 1894 Sal a Things I have seen II. xx. 254 The coin.. I very soon tarnished by fumbling it.. between my hot, moist little fingers. fig • 1895 IVest/n. Gaz. 30 May 3/ His incident must come to him naturally or he fumbles it. b. spec. In games with a ball, To fumble the ball : to fail to take it ‘ cleanly 9 ; to stop or catch it clumsily. c. To fumble one's way : to find it by groping. 1801 Gabrielli Myst. Husb. III. 80 She started up, and fumbled her way down the dark stairs. 1879 G. W. Cable Old Creole Days 13 Late that night a small square man.. fumbled his way into the damp entrance. 3 . To wrap up clumsily, huddle together. Also with up. c 1572 Gascoigne Fruitcs Warre (1831) 212 Constreynd to sit.. Close in a corner fumbled vp for feare. 1588 Shahs. Tit. A. iv. ii. 58 What dost thou wrap and fumble in thine armes? 1606 — Tr. .4- Cr. iv. iv. 48 As many farwels as be stars in heauen, With distinct breath, and consign’d kisses to them. He fumbles vp into a loose adiew. 1621 Molle Camerar. Liv. Libr. iii. xiii. 189 They send them [their women] forth so couered, vailed, and fumbled up. 1647 Fuller Good Th. in Worse T. (1841) 140 So many fumble this, last and next weeks devotion all in a prayer. 1681 [see Fumbling ppi. a. d]. 1830 Frasers Mag. I. 342 The attenuated, sham, filagree work .. wherewith Mr. Thomas Moore has thought fit to fumble up the personages of his ‘Lalla Rookh’. 4 . slang. (Cf. Fumbler b, Fumbling///, a. c.) Also absol. or intr. 1508 Dunbar Tua mariit women 134 3 it leit I neuer that larbar .. fumyll me, without a fee gret. c 1690 Sat. on Lawyers in Collect. Poems 18 Old Maynard. .Who mumbles all Day, and fumbles all Night. 1754 Shebbeare Matri¬ mony (1766) II. 239 The old Man ..rejoicing to see her return in Good-Humour, fumbled away the Night. 1762 Goldsm. Nash 180 Impotent posterity would in vain fumble to produce his fellow. 5 . intr. To hesitate in speaking ; to speak halt¬ ingly or indistinctly; to mumble, mutter. *563 Homilies 11. Agst. Gluttony (1859) 3°5 A drunkard., fumbleth and stammereth in his speech. 1591 Troub. Raigne K. John 11. (1611) no He fumbleth in the mouth, His speech doth faile. 1600 Holland Livy xlii. xxvi. (1609) 1130 Being..found fumbling in their answere \ha?sit antibus in responso] they were commaXmded to void out of the Counsel- chamber. 1611 [see Famble v.]. 1647 Trapp Comm. Matt. xxvii. 38 His tongue did so fumble and falter in his head. 1704 Cibber Careless Husb. 1. i, How silly a man fumbles for an excuse, when he is a little ashamed of being in love. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth viii, Never lose time fumbling and prating about it. b. trans . To speak (words, etc.) indistinctly or hesitatingly. Also with out, up. 1555 Eden Decades 46 He fumbeleth certeyne confounded woordes with hym selfe. 1579 Fulke Heskins ’ Pari. 370 M. Heskins fombleth out the matter with a foolish caueat. 1583 Stanyhurst AEneis iii. (Arb.) 74, I..With stutting stamering at length thus fumbled an answer. 1584 Fenner Def. Ministers (1587) 121 He blameth vs for fumbling vp those things, which we answered distinctlie inough. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. iv. iii. Wks. 1856 I. 127 She fumbled out, thanks good, and so she dide. 1749 Chesterf. Lett. (1792) II. ccxiii. 319 As soon as I had fumbled out this answer. Hence Fumbled ///. a. Also Fumble sb., a piece of fumbling, a bungling attempt at some¬ thing ; spec, in ball games, a clumsy handling of the ball; + also, confused utterance, mumbling. 1647 Ward Simp. Colder 84 The world’s a well strung fidle, mans tongue the quill, That fills the world with fumble for want of skill, c 1831 J. Wilson in Lang Life 4- Lett. Lock¬ hart (1897) II. 109 He [Wilson] called Lockhart’s. remarks ‘ a feeble fumble of falsehood ’. 1884 F. D. Millet in Harper s Mag. Dec. 134/1 The newspapers grew sticky, fumbled, and worn at the hands of the frequent readers. 1895 Daily Chron. 17 Jan. 6/4 At the first fumble of a Surrey back, Maturin rushed round. Fumbler (fznnbbi). Also 6 fumblar, Sc. fumler. [f. Fumble v. + -er 1 .] One who fumbles, in senses of the vb. Cake fumbler : see Cake sb. 9. 1519 Horman Vulg. 31 No man shulde rebuke, .a stuttar or fumblar. c 1800 K. White Rem. II. 49 The work of. Sir, your humble Servant (Who, though I say’t, am no such fumbler). 1826 J. Wilson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 I. 92, I must not let down the character of the work, to flatter a few feckless fumblers. 1879 Geo. Eliot Thco. Such viii. 145 A man. .may be a mere fumbler in physiology and yet show a keen insight into human motives, b. slang. (See quot. a 1700.) 1640 Brome Sparagus Garden 11. ii, What stay we for, can you tell fumbler? 1679 Oldham Sat. Woman 129 Wks. (1698) 1.147. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Fumbler, an unperforming Husband, one that is insufficient. 1719 D’Urfey Pills V. 349 Wench Fumblers give ear ev’ry Man. 1748 Smollett Rod. Rand. xi. (1804) 56 In the mean-time give me a kiss, you old fumbler. 1818 Southey Lett. (1856) III. 90.A married couple, who have had no children, after a certain number of years, are compelled by their neighbours to give what we call a Fumbler’s Feast. Fumbling (frnnblig), vbl. sb. [f. Fumble v. + -ING 1 .] The action of the vb. Fumble. 1562 J. Heywood Prov. 4- Epigr. (1867) 217 This man in his breech feelyng such fumblyng. 1601 Weever Mirr. Mart. C ij, Now are we dwarfs, they [our issue] will be pismires then, This is the fumbling of our aged men. 1645 Milton Colast. Wks. (1851) 351 Your second Argument, without more tedious fumbling is briefly thus. 1762 Steven¬ son Crazy Tales 49 There’s a disorder we call Fumbling, Amongst the men call’d Fighting shy. 1875 Kinglake Crimea (1877) V. i. 366 That impotent fumbling after car¬ bines or pistols. 1892 Jessopp Stud, by Recluse Pref. (1893) 15, I do not call these stray papers Essays, but mere Studies —fumblings if you will. Fu’mbling, ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing-.] a. That fumbles or gropes about; also, charac¬ terized by fumbling. 1847 Emerson Poems (1857) 62 The frost-king ties my fumbling feet. 1848 Dickens Dombey xxxiv, She attired herself, with fumbling fingers. 1865 Max Muller Chips (1880) 11 . xxv. 286 The fumbling efforts of gentlemen in removing their gloves before shaking hands. 1889 H. F. Wood Englishm. of Rue Cain v, A spare individual .. entered, .after a fumbling rap at the door. b. fig. That does something clumsily or awk¬ wardly ; also, hesitating in speech, mumbling. 1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 698/1 Not anye true feelynge faythe, but a false fumblyng fantasye. a 1577 Gascoigne Herbs , Weedes, etc. Wks. (1587) 114 Wyth hollow voice and fumbling toong thus spoke. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxii. § 14 Such are their fumbling shifts. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. 1. i. Wks. 1856 I. 75, I could eate Thy fumbling throat, for thy lagd censure. 1638 Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. Ill) 258 He hath .. but a very fumbling speech. 1681 Hickeringill Vind. Truth 11. 36 A fibling. .fumbling Arch-Deacon. 1848 Kingsley Saint's Trag. v. iii, There are wrongs The fumbling piecemeal law can never touch. c. Sexually impotent. Cf. Fumbled. 4 and Fumbler b. 1576 Nevvton Lemnie's Complex. 81 b, They be vnto carnall coiture fumbling, slow, and not greatly therto addicted, a 1703 Pomfret Poet. Whs. U833) 17 Dull old age, with fumbling labour, cloys Before the bliss. 1710 Brit. Apollo III. No. 77. 3/2 Their Fumbling Neighbours .. cannot Enjoy The Pleasure of getting a Girl, or a Boy. 1786 Burns Scotch Drink xii, How fumblin cuifs their dearies slight. fig. a\^n Gascoigne Gardninges 32, Herbs (1587) 164 If barreyn soyle, why then it chaungeth he we, It fadeth faste, it flits to fumbling yeares. 1684 Otway Prol. Lee's Constantine, Fumbling, itching Rhimers of the town [proud] T’ adopt some base-born Song that’s not their own. 1689 Hickeringill Ceremony-Monger \ntrod. Wks. (1716) II. 500 Impotency is supply’d by Fumbling Registers. d. (See Fumble v. 3.) 1681 Crowne Hen. VI, 1. 3 Pox o 1 these fumbling robes ! How came my warlike spirit wrapt in these Formalities, that hold my hands from blood ? Hence Fumblingly adv. 1598 Florio, Palpegone, gropingly, fumblingly. 1636 B. Jonson Discov.. Perspicuitas (Rtldg.) 760/2 Many good scholars speak but fumblingly. 1870 Daily Nrws 9 Nov., He is obliged to put on his spectacles fumblingly. Fume (fi?7m), sb. Also 5 feum, 6 fewme. [a. OF.film masc. = Vx.fitm, Sp. humo (earlier fumo), Pg., It. fumo L. fiimus smoke ; also OF. fume fern, in the same sense, a derivative (like funite, which has been retained in mod.F.) of Jtimer, Fume v. The Eng. sb. may be in part a direct adaptation from the Latin.] * I. 1. The volatile matter produced by and usually accompanying combustion; smoke. Also with a and in pi. Obs. or arch. la 1400 Pety lob 279 in Hampole's Wks. (Horstm.) II. 384 As frome the fyre departeth fume, So body and sowle a-sundre goth. 1447 Bokenham .SVy/z/y-y (Roxb.) 56 Wyth the fume he [angelj toke to heven his flyht. 1549-62 Sternhold & H. Ps. xxi. 9 Like an Oven burn them, Lord, in fiery flames and fume. 1618 Bolton Floras hi. iv. 176 By this kinde of mockage defiling death as well with fire as fume. 1703 Pope Thebais 600 While yet thin fumes from dying sparks arise. 1783 Priestley in Phil. T?-ans. LXXIII. 403 A copious black fume came from it. 1854-6 Patmore Angel in H. 11. Epil. (1879) 259 A fresh-lit fire Sends forth to heaven great shows of fume. b. Odorous smoke (e.g. that of incense, tobacco). 4 Indian fume : tobacco smoke. c 1400 Soiudone Bab. 681 Thai brente Frankensense That smoked up so stronge The Fume in her presence. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 34 b/i It hath vertue tascende by the lightnes of the fume [of encence]. c 1550 Lloyd Treas. Health^ 1585) Cij, Fume made of Roes lether, doth myghtyl.y sterre hym vp. 1555 Eden Decades 138 Whose fume is holsome ageynst reumes and heauynesse of the heade. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. xi. (1626) 230 Meane-while Alcyone holy fumes presents To all the Gods.. 1627 Drayton Moon Calf Poems (1748) 17.2 In some six days journey, doth consume Ten pounds in suckets, and the Indian fume. 1697 Bp. Patrick Comm. Exod. xxx. 35 One of the most antient Ways of worshipping God; the first Men making a Fume, by burning parts of Trees, and Shrubs. 1784 Cowper Task iv. 473 Curling clouds Of Indian fume. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick, ii, And the fumes of choice tobacco scent the air. •f c. Something used or prepared for producing aromatic vapour. Obs. 1540-1 Elyot Image Gov. 41 Duryng the time of his execucion the Emperour commaunded the beedile to crie, With fume shall he die, who fumes hath sold. 1656 Ridgley Pract. Physick 219 Rulandus makes a fume of one dram of white Amber to take at the Mouth. 1665 Pepys Diary 4 Nov., They suspect by their sending for plaister and fume, that it may be the plague. 1679 Wood Life (O. H. S.) II. 451 A julep, 3 5. 6 d. ; a fume 2 s. 1722 De Foe Plague (1884) 207 They had burnt a great variety of Fumes and Perfumes in..the Rooms. 2. Odour or odorous exhalation (either fragrant or offensive) emitted from a substance, flower, etc. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 251 Breke hem [braunchis of fenel] a litil with J?i tee]?, and ]?an J?ou schalt blowe in his i^e. .]?at )? e fume of J?e fenel mowe entre into his i3e. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 10 b/i The fume & stenche of donge. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas, iv. iv, Aromatyke lycoure, Fra- graunt of fume. 1599 Life More in Wordsw. Eccl. Biog. (1853) II. 47 The fume of hilicampana is very pleasing. 1610 Fletcher Faithf. Shepherdess v. ii, Send a fume, and keep the air Pure and wholesome. 1658 A. Fox Wurtz' Surg. 11. xiv. 115 When these [poultesses] are taken off .. there comes a great fume from the Wound. 1718 Free¬ thinker No. 92 p 6 She.. cannot bear the Fumes of the Table. 1739 R. Bull tr. Dedekindus' Grobianus 17 A horrid Fume shall straight your Crime proclaim To ev’ry Nose. 1865 Swinburne Hymn to Proserpine 96 And the wind falls faint as it blows with the fume of the flowers of the night. f 3. Vapour or steam given out by bodies when heated. Obs. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 278 Stoppe it [}?e vessel] faste, J?at ]?er mowe come out [?erof no fume. 1544 Phaer Regim. Lyfe (1553)C ivb, Receyuing the fume of the sayd decoccyon wythin the eyes. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts (1658) 93 The liver of a Roe sod in salt water, and the eyes of a purblinde man held over the fume or reek thereof, are cured of their blindeness. 1695 Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth iv. (1723) 236 Flowing out of the Mouth in Form of a Fume, or crasser Vapour. b. The vapour given off by acids and volatile substances; said esp. of exhalations or vapours which are irritant, stifling, or the like. Rare in sing. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 229 Looking at bodies through the fumes of Aqua fortis. 1680 Boyle Scept. Chem. 1. 87 The Predominant Fire will Carry up all the Volatile Elements Confusedly in one Fume. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 319 The fumes of hot iron, copper, or any other heated metal. 1800 Med. Jrnl. IV. 467 The nitrat of pneum.. discharges the acid in red fumes. 1834 J. Forbes Laennec's Dis. Chest (ed. 4) 65 The inhalation of acrid fumes, .some¬ times gives rise to pulmonary catarrh. 1879 Geo. Gladstone in Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 17/1 The fume when given off from the furnace appears as a dense white smoke. c. An exhalation or watery vapour rising from the earth, the sea, etc. 1549 Compl. Scot. vi. 38 A 1 corrupit humiditeis, ande caliginus fumis. .that hed benegenerit in thesycond regione of the ayr. 1602 Marston Ant. 4- Mel. 1. Wks. 1856 I. 11, I descry a fume Creeping from out the bosome of the deepe. 1635 N. Carpenter Geog. Del. 11. i. 12 The.vpper face of the Earth, .sendeth forth many times certaine hot fumes and vapours. 1755 B. Martin Mag. Arts 4- Sc. xv. 103 A prodigious Quantity of Fume and Vapours flying off from the Body of the Comet. 1828 J. H. Moore Pract. Navig. FUME. 599 FUMIFEROUS. (ed. 20) 127 The sun’s rays upon the earth cause vapours or fumes to be continually rising from it. 1875 M. M c Ilwraith Guide Wigtownshire 62 The fissure is filled with fume and spray. 4 . A vapour or exhalation produced as an ‘ excre¬ ment ’ of the body; esp. a noxious vapour supposed formerly to rise to the brain from the stomach (now chiefly as the result of drinking ‘strong ’ or alcoholic liquors). c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 163 J?e lungis drawij? eir into e herte, for to do awei he fume and he untemprid heete of e herte. a 1420 Hoccleve De Reg . Pritic. 3880 Whan the paunch is fulle, A fume clymbethe up into the hede. 1548-77 Vicary Anat. ii. (1888) 24 The Nayles..are a superfluitie of members, engendred of great earthly smoke or fume. 1667 Mii.ton /*. L. ix. 1050 Grosser sleep, Bred of unkindly fumes. 1697 Pottf.r Antiq. Greece 11. xiii. (1715) 309 Dreams were believ’d to proceed from the Fumes of the last Night’s Supper. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 11. viii, The wine. .raise[d] disagreable fumes from the stomach into the head. 1806 Gazetteer Scotl. (ed. 2) 203 The fumes of the whisky had taken possession of his brain. 1844 Thirlwall Greece VIII. lxiii. 240 The fumes of the wine at length thawed their reserve. II. Figurative senses. 5 . Something comparable to smoke or vapour as being unsubstantial, transient, imaginary, etc. When used with reference to flattery, the word has often a mixture of the notions of ‘ incense ’ (1 b), and of sense 6. 1531 Elyot Gov. 11. i, Fainte praise that is goten with feare or by flaterars gyuen..is but fume whiche is sup¬ ported by silence prouoked by menacis. 1592 Shaks. Rom. <$■ Jul. 1. i. 196 Loue, is a smoake made with the fume of sighes. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 11. i. § 6. 10 Such Naturall Philosophic, .shall not vanish in the fume of subtile, sublime, or delectable speculation. 1613-18 Daniel Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626)4 Claudius..hauing much of the fume of glory, and little fire to raise it otherwhere. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. Democr. to Rdr. (1651) 34 To smother him with fumes and eulogies. 1648 Milton Obsc-rv. Art. Peace Wks. (1851) 566 As if the known and try’d Constancy of that valiant Gentle¬ man were to be bought with Court fumes. 1784 Cowper Task 111. 172 Great pity too. .That. .They should go out in fume and be forgot. 1843 Lefeyre Life Trav. Phys. I. 1. ix. 198 The fumes of philosophical reasoning were dissi¬ pated by more material.. ingredients. 1871 R. Ellis Catul¬ lus liv. 3 Libo’s airs to a fume of art refine them. 6. Something which ‘goes to the head’ and clouds the faculties or the reason. \ou schalt fumie hem wih sulphur. 1544 Phaer Pestilence (1553) Lvja, The Egipcyans were wont to fume their houses..with turpentine or rosin. 1612 Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 74 Snccinum .. is good .. to fume a ship or house in time of infectious aires. 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 217 Fuming the holes with Brimstone, Garlick, and other unsavoury things, will drive them out. 1741 Cornpl. Fam.-Piece 1. v. 267 First fume the Vessel with Brimstone. b. To perfume with incense; to burn incense before or offer incense to. 1641 Milton Reform. 1 They hallowed it, they fumed it, they sprinkled it. 1700 Dryden Fables f Ceyx <5* Alcyone 241 She fum’d the temples with an od’rous flame. 1849-53 Rock Ch. of Fathers IV. xii. 186 The celebrant, .went up to the altar, and. .fum’d it all about with incense. fig. 1784 Cowper Task v. 266 They demi-deify and fume him so. + C. To perfume. Obs. a 1483 Liber Niger in House//. Ord. ( 1790) 40 That the kings robes, doublettes, shetes & sheortes be fumyd, by all the yere, of the yeoman pothecary. 1592 Greene Poems 113 Crisps and scarfs, worn a la morisco, Fumed with sweets. 1607 Marston What You Will in. i, Now are the Lawne sheetes fum’d with Vyolets. 1680 Shadwf.ll Woman-Captain 11. Wks. 1720 III. 361 Let me have costlier scents, and fume the room. 1740 Dyer Ruins of Rome 501 Chian Wines with Licence fum’d. t d. To preserve by smoking; to smoke-dry (provisions). Obs. 1602 Carew Cornwall 1. (1723) 33 Those [fish] that serue for the hotter Countries of Spaine and Italie, they vsed at first to fume, by. .drying them with the smoake of a soft and continuall fire. 1661 Evelyn Fumifugium Misc. Writ. (1805) 1. 228 If one hang up gammons of bacon, beefe, or other flesh to fume, and prepare it in the chimnies. e. Photogr. To expose to the fumes of ammonia. 1890 Abney Treat. Photogr. (ed. 6) 164 By fuming the film with the vapour of ammonia .. increased vigour is im¬ parted to the print. 1890 Anthony's Photogr. Bull. III. 68 Some say fume ten minutes, and some say an hour. 2 . intr. To emit fumes, smoke, or vapour. c 1532 Dewes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 946 To fume, fumer. 1600 Fairfax Tasso viii. 74 Like boyling liquor. .That fumeth, swelleth high and bubbleth fast. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 539 A Censer is there left fuming all the day and night. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. 11. (1626) 29 The Poles aboue At either end do fume. 1743 Lond. $ Country Brew. iv. (ed. 2) 306 It will make the Drink fret and fume at the Bung. 1784 Cowper Task v. 56 A short tube That fumes beneath his nose. 1791-1823 D’Israeli Cur. Lit. (1859) II. 259 On other occasions, they put burnt old shoes to fume in the censers. 1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 119 The acid appears as a very volatile liquid ..fuming in the air. 1878 C. D. Warner In the Wilder¬ ness vi. 143 The fire sputters and fumes. fig. 1620 in Farr S. P. Jas. I (1848) 74 Lust’s a fire .. Lighting never, ever fuming. 1633 G. Herbert Temple , Nature ii, If thou shalt let this venome lurk, And in sug¬ gestions fume and work. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge iv, The spiritual essence or soul of Sim would sometimes fume within that precious cask, his body. + b. trails. To cause to emit fumes. Obs. rare. 1652 Gaule Magastrom. 248 Frankincense being fumed, and candles being lighted. 1666 W. Boghurst Loimo- graphia (1894) 62 Burning or fuming vinegar and rose water. 1681 [see Fuming vbl. sb.]. 3 . intr. Of smoke, a vapour, etc.: To issue, rise, pass off; to rise and pass away. 1593 Shaks. Lucr. 1043 As smoke, .whichfrom discharged annon fumes. 1595 Stenser Col. Clout 720 Even such is all their vaunted vanitie, Nought else but smoke, that fumeth soone away. 1620 Venner Via Recta (1650) 309 The vapours, .do slowly fume and ascend to the head. 1643 Wither Campo Musts 17 Whence, may fume Into thy nostrils, that sweet-smelling savour. 1667 Milton P. L. vii. 600 Incense Clouds Fuming from Golden Censers, hid the Mount. 1870 Bryant Iliad II. xiv. 67 From it fumes A stifling smell of sulphur. + b. Of food, wine, etc.: To rise as fumes (to or into the head). Also with up. Obs. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. Ixxv. 9 Stronge wyne fum- inge quickly and strongly into the brayne. 1603 Holland Plutarch's Mor. 407 One of them when the wine had a little fumed up into the head, began both to speake and doe foolishly. 1610 Barrough Meth. Physick 1. ii. (1639) 3 He must abstaine from milke, and meates that fume into the head. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 782 They haue a manner to prepare their Greek-Wines, to keepe them from Fuming and Inebriating. 1703 Art <$* Myst. Vintners 9 To prevent their fuming up to the head and inebriating. C. To pass away or off in fumes or vapour, rare. 1705 Cheyue Philos. Princ. Relig. i. § 38. 78 Their parts are kept from fuming away by their fixity. 1866 Mrs. Whitney L. Goldthwaite x. 253 They, .did something to it—applied heat, I believe—to drive away the sulphur. That fumed off, and left the rest as promiscuous as before. fig. 1728-46 Thomson Spring 244 Their light slumbers gently fum’d away, And up they rose. 1751 Johnson Ram¬ bler No. 172 p 4 The madness of joy will fume away. 1852 James Agnes Sorel (i860) II. 2 The Gamin spirit fumed off in a metaphor, a 1859 De Quincey Post. Wks. (1891) I. 73 Yet all this marvellous learning fumes away in boyish imper¬ tinence. f 4 . trans. To send forth or emit as vapour, disperse in vapour. Also with away) forth fut. Obs. 1563 Hyll Art Garden. (1593) 38 The snake and Adders .. be driuen away with euery sharpe and stincking sauour fumed abroad. 1627 Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. xiv. 67 Some. .will, .fume out a most stinking, .smoke. 1647 Trapp Comm. Matt, xxvii. 36 That golden censer, Christ’s body; which through the holes that were made in it. .fumed forth a sweet savour. 1700 T. Brown tr. Fresny s Amusem. Ser. $ Com. 116 Which being Foppishly fumed into their Noses, Eyes, and Ears, has the Vertue to make them Talk. 1707 Mortimer Husb. Bees 213 Otherwise the heat will fume away most of the Scent. fig. 1606 Warner Alb. Eng. xiv. xci. (1612) 369 An Indian weede, That feum’d away more wealth than would a many thousands feed. 1742 Young Nt. Th. vii. 1370 How vicious hearts fume phrensy to the brain ! 1866 G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. xv. (1878) 320 The worship of one’s own will fumes out around the being an atmosphere of evil. + 5 . intr. Of the head or brain : To be ‘clouded* with fumes (of liquor). Obs. 1606 Shaks. Ant. $ Cl. 11. i. 24 Tye vp the Libertine in a field of Feasts, Keepe his Braine fuming. 6 . fig. To give way to or exhibit anger or irrita¬ tion. Often in phrase fume and chafe , fret and fume. Also with up. 1522 More De quat. Noviss. Wks. 85/1 As the fire of the burnyng hyl of Ethna burneth only it self, so doth the enuious parson, fret, fume, & burne in his owne hert. 1535, 1581 [see Ciiafe v. to]. 1551, 1631, 1875 [see Fret V. 1 9I. 1676 Hobbes Iliad 187 He. .fum’d Both for the loss of the good spear he brake, And of the victory he had presum’d. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 313 How much he will fret and fume when he comes to discover the roguery. 1838 Dickens Nic/t. Nick, xxxii, Nicholas, who had been fuming and chafing until he was nearly wild. 1839-40 W. Irving Wolfert’s I\. (1855) 211 ,1 walked up and down the bar-room, fuming with conscious independence and insulted dignity. 1859 Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. II. Ixxxii. 44 People who would fume up at any intimation that they were indifferent. 1872 Black Adv. Phaeton v, The Lieutenant, .was fuming about the yard to rout out the ostler’s assistants. 1878 Miss Braddon Open Verd. I. i. 9 Your wisely selfish man knows his own interest too well to fret and fume about trifles. Hence Fumed ppl. a. 1612 Webster White Devil v. iv, Isabella.. was impoisoned By a fumed picture. 1617 Moryson I tin. in. 11. iv. 96 They exported .. pickeld and fumed Herrings. 1890 Woodbury Encycl. Photogr. 308 Fumed paper should be used within a day or two after fuming. I! Fume (fV/m^), a. [Fr.; pa. pple. of fumer to smoke.] a. Of glass : Having a smoky tint. b. Of oak : Subjected to the process of fuming. (See Fuming vbl. sb. b.) 1883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 79 Venetian Blown Glass., in .. opal, avventurino, fume, corniola. 1895 Daily News 15 Nov. 6/6 The case is of solid oak, fume, relieved by scrolls. + Fumee. Obs. rare. [a. Y.fumde , i. fumer to Fume.] Smoke, a cloud of smoke. 1481 Caxton Myrr. 11. viii. 85 They sette by them fyre andencence. And they wene certaynly that their thoughtes goo vp vnto our lord in this fumee. 1483 — Gold. Leg. 302 a/2 He vanysshed awey as a fumee or smoke. Fumer (fiz7*m9i). [f. Fume v. + -er T] 11 . A perfumer. Obs. 1611 Beaum. & Fl. Triumph Time i, An endless troop of tailors, Mercers, embroiderers..fumers. 2 . One who fumes or ‘ gets into a fume \ 1894 Advance (Chicago) 29 Mar., Fumers and fanatics who do nothing but talk about corrupt politics. Fumerel(l, -ill, obs. forms of Femerell. + Fu’met 1 . Obs. or arch. Chiefly pi. Also 5 pi. fumes, 7 pi. fumers, 6-9 fewmet. [app. a. AF. *fumets ffumez) pi., f. fumer (repr. I,. fimdre) to dung. The continental Fr. word in this sense was fumdes , of parallel formation.] The excrement (of a deer), rare in sing. 14.. Maystre of the Game MS. Bodl. 546 (Halliw.) And 3if men speke and aske hym of the fumes, he shal clepe fumes cf an hert. 1576 Turberv. Venerie 66 There is difference betweene the fewmet of the morning and that of the evenyng. 1598 [see Fumishing]. 1637 B. Jonson Sad Sheph. 1. ii, By his .. fewmets, he doth promise sport. 1668 Davenant Rivals iv, That [Game] both his Slote and Fumers do proclaim. 1741 Conipl. Earn.-Piece 11. i. 290 Take up the Fewmet, as well made in the Evening Relief, as in the Morning. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) I. 11. v. 324 The stag’s tail is called the single ; his excrement the fumet. 1871 Tennyson Last Tourn. 371 The. .fewmets of a deer. + Fumet 2 , fume'tte. Obs. [a. F. fumet, f. fumer to F'ume.] The scent or smell of game when high ; game flavour. 1723 Swift Stella at Wood Park 14 A haunch of ven’son made her sweat, Unless it had the right fumette. 1753 Smollett Ct. Fathom (1784) 64/1 A roasted leveret very strong of the fumet. 1755 Johnson, Fumette , a word intro¬ duced by cooks, and the pupils of cooks, for the stink of meat. 1786 Mackenzie Lounger No. 89 p 11 [He] gave the venison a reprieve to a certain distant day, when it should acquire the exact proper fumet for the palate of a connoisseur. transf. 1796 Mod. Gulliver's Trav. 109 The rest were cramming every crevice they could find with paper, to exclude the fumette arising from the well-dressed field. + Fu’mid, a. Obs. Also 7 fumide. [ad. L. ftimid-us, iff limits Fume sbi] Fuming, vaporous. 1597 Lowe Chirurg. (1634' 210 The cause, .is..drinking of strong and fumide drinke. 1634 T. Johnson Parey's Chirurg. 1. ix. (1678) 14 Every smell, or fumid exhalation breathing out of bodies. 1661 Evelyn Fumifugium 11. 16 Two or three of these fumid vortices are able to whirle it about the whole City. 1686 Goad Celest. Bodies 1. ix. 31 The Vegetable Spirit is of the same Nature with the Plant ..the Fumid Spirit with the Odour. 1797 Encycl. Brit. II. 445/2 The comet .. appeared like .. a rude mass of matter illuminated with a dusky fumid light. 1889 Elvin Diet. HerFumid , emitting smoke. Hence + Fumrdity, f Firmidness, the condition or quality of being fumid. 1623 Cockeram, Fumiditie , smoake. 1656-81 Blount Glossogr ., Fumidity f smoakiness. 1727 Bailey ,vol. II, Fumidness. Fu’micluct. rare. Also fumeduct. [f. L. flimits smoke; after Aqueduct.] A passage for smoke. 1854 Chamb. Jrnl. I. 106 He would have all the smoke led downwards by a series of fumiducts. 1867 Morn. Star 26 Dec. 7 The smoke from the stoves is conveyed by what may be called a fumeduct to a further distance, and there passed into an ordinary chimney. t Fu •mier. Obs. rare. In 5 fumyer. [a. OF. fumier \—i-..fumdrium (in class. Lat. a chamber for smoking wines), i.fum-us smoke.] Smoke. £•1500 Melusine xxxvi. 278 He shuld conduyte thevanwarde, puttyng fyre vpon the way where he went to thentent he shuld not fayll to fynd hym by the trasse of the fumyer. + Fumi'fei’OUS, a. Obs. rare —*. [f. E.fiimifer producing smoke (f. fiimus Fume sb. + -fer bearing) + -ous.] Bearing or producing fumes or smoke. 1656-81 in Blount Glossogr. 1721 in Bailey. 1742 Lond. FUMIFIC. 600 FUMISH «$• Country Brew. i. (ed. 4) 12 This Malt, .being very much impregnated with the fiery fumiferous Particles of the Kiln. + Fumific, a. Obs.—° [ad. L. fumific-us , f. fUmus smoke + -ficus : see -fic.] (See quot.) 1727-36 Bailey, Fumifick , making Smoak, Perfuming. + Fu'mificate, Obs~° [f. L. fumificat- ppl. stem of fumificare : see Fumify.] To make or cause smoke. Hence Fumificated ppl. a. } Fumification. 1721-92 Bailey, Fumificate. 1721 Ibid., Fwnijication , a Perfuming. 1727 Ibid. vol. II, Fumificated , incensed. Fumi fugist. rare~°. [f. L. fuvi-us smoke + -fuge + -1ST.] ‘ One who or that which drives away smoke or fumes ’. 1846 in Worcester. 1864 in Webster. Fumify (f^mifoi), v. rare~ Y . [ad. L. fumi - fiicare> f. fumific-us : see Fumific.] trans. (_ jocu¬ larly ) To fumigate. <1:1704 T. Brown Wks. (1760) II. 190 We had every one ramin’d a full charge of sot-weed into our infernal guns, in order to fumify our immortalities. + Fumigal, a. Obs. rare- 1 . [? Badly f. L. fiimigdre to Fumigate.] ? Productive of fumes. 1477 Norton Ord. Alch. v. in Ashm. (1652) 70 Pleasant Odours ingendered be shall Of cleane and Pure substance and fumigale [fumigall, MS. margin ] As it appeareth in Amber, Narde, and Mirrhe Fumigant (fi? 7 'migant), a. and sb. [ad. L. fumigant-em, pr. pple. of fumigdre : see next.] + A. adj. That fumes. Obs. B. sb. That which fumigates, rare. 1727-36 Bailey, Fumigant , smoaking, fuming. 1890 Scott. Leader 7 Feb. 7 The production of the fashionable little fumigant [cigarette] has trebled in the last two years. Fumigate (fiz/’mig^t), v. [f. 'L.fiimigat- ppl. stem of fiimigdre to smoke, f. fiimus Fume sb.] 1 . trans. To apply smoke or fumes to; esp. to disinfect or purify by exposure to smoke or fumes. 1781 Covvper Let. to Neiuton (1884) 69 You never fumigate the ladies, or force them out of company. 1791 Hamilton Bertholle f s Dyeing I. 1. 11. i. 136 The silks .. are fumigated with sulphur. 1803 Med. Jrnl. IX. 460 Acid fumigations bid fair to stop the progress of the complaint, .though it might not always have been proper to fumigate the apart¬ ments of the sick. 1845 Florist's Jrnl. 170 Let them [plants] be frequently well fumigated. pig. 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. II. xix. 7 These fine words with which we fumigate.. unpleasant facts, b. To scent with fumes ; to perfume. 1530 Palsgr. 559/2 ,1 fumygate a place with a svvete fumy- gacion, je enfume or je parfume. Let the place be well fumygate, or ever they come. 1610 B. Jonson A Ich. i.i, You must be bath’d and fumigated first. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 350 With fragrant Thyme the City fumigate. 1836 Lane Mod. Egypt. I. v. 171 The Egyptians take great delight in perfumes, and often fumigate their apartments, i860 Motley Netherl. (1868) I. v. 259 The Cathedral had been thoroughly fumigated with frankincense. + c. ‘ To medicate or heal by vapours’ (J 7 ). Obs. 1715 Swift, etc. Frenzy of J. Dennis Wks. 1755 III. 1. 142 Fumigate him, I say, this very evening, while he is relieved by an interval. + 2 . To extract in fumes, vaporize. Obs. rare. 1663 [see Fumigated ppl. a.]. 3 . To darken (oak) by the process of fuming. See Fuming vbl. sb. b. Hence Firmigated ppl. a. 1663 Boyle Usefubi. Nat. Phil. 11. v. vii. 183, I shall only subjoyn this secret, which a friend of mine practises in preserving the fumigated Juyces of Herbs. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. 18.. Beck's Jrnl. Dec. Art II. 346 (Cent.) A high dado, 8 ft. high, of fumigated oak. Fumigating (fbrmig^'tig), vbl. sb. [f. Fumi¬ gate v. + -ing !.] The action of the vb. Fumigate. 1881 M. A. Lewis Two Pretty G. I. 40 Washings, fumi- gatings, and burnings. attrib. 1801 Med. Jrnl. V. 218 ,1 applied the nitrous gas.. by means of a tube from the top of a patent fumigating lamp. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 332 Fumigating- room. 1881 Daily News 13 Sept. 6/6 The fumigating walking sticks carried by physicians when visiting plague and fever cases. Fumigation (fizzmig^-Jbn). [ad. 'L.fumigd- tion-em , n. of action f. fiimigdre to Fumigate. Cf. F. fumigation^] 1 . The action of generating odorous smoke or fumes, esp. as one of the ceremonies of incantation; the action of perfuming with aromatic herbs, per¬ fumes, etc. Also concr. the preparation used to produce this, or the fumes resulting from it. c 1384 Chaucer II. Fame in. 174 Olde wicches, sorceresses, That use exorsisaciouns, And eek thise fumigaciouns. a 1483 Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. (1790) 40 These ij wardrobers have all theyre fumigations. 1522 Skelton Why not to Court 696 It was by necromansy Under a certeyne con- stellacyon, And a certayne fumygacyon. 1547-64 Bauldwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) 148 Perfect deuotion & the knowledge of Gods law. .smelleth far more sweetly before Him, then any earthly fumigation, .doth pleasantly smell in the nose of man. 1599 B. Jonson Cynthicis Rev. v. ii, It is the sorting, and the dividing, and the mixing.. that makes the fumigation and the suffumigation. <1:1680 Butler Rem. (1759^ II. 235 These Spirits they use to catch by the Noses with Fumiga¬ tions. 1758 Johnson Idler No. 35 P 9 She..keeps the rooms always scented by fumigations. 1856 R. A. Vaughan Mystics (i860) I. 36 A divine efficacy is attributed to rites and formulas, sprinklings or fumigations. 1867 Par km an ■Jesuits N. Amer. viii. (1875) 91 On these the sorcerer threw tobacco, producing a stifling fumigation. b. jocularly. Tobacco-smoking. 1800 Freemason's Magazine in Spirit Publ. Jrnls. (1801) IV. 157 Taciturnity and fumigation are now two essential requisites in a candidate. .Every member of this society must, immediately after supper, take a pipe. 2 . The action or process of fumigating or apply¬ ing fumes or smoke, esp. as a disinfectant. 1572 Mascall Plant. $ Graff. (1592) 49 Defend them from the frost (if there, come, any) with fumigations or smokes, made on the winde side of your Orchards. 1658 Rowland Moufet's Theat. Ins. 956 You may make a Fumi¬ gation or Perfume of Pomegranat Pills .. Sulphur, and Vitriol, which will drive them away. 1757 Darwin in Phil. Trans. L. 252 The fumes of boiling water were conveyed upon this ball .. and, after a fumigation for thirty seconds, it shewed signs of electricity, a 1777 Fawkes Argonautics II. note (1780) 347 It was the custom of the ancients to force bees out of their hives by fumigation. 1813 J. Thomson Led. Inflam. 489 The day after the fumigation not the slightest vestige of any offensive odour could be perceived. 1892 Times (weekly ed.) 21 Oct. 2/4 The vessel is detained for fumigation. + b. spec. (See quots.) Obs. 1612 Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 271 Fumigation is calcination of metals, by the sharp corroding vapour , of Mercury, Philosophers Lead. 1641 French Distill, iii. (1651) 80 Calcine it by fumigation, i. e. by the fume of some very sharp Spirit as of Aqua fortis. 1683 Pettus Fleta Min. 11. 21 There are other ways of Calcination especially of Metals ; viz. by. .Fumigations. 3 . Med. ( Exposure to fumes, especially the ex¬ posure of the body or a part of it, such as the skin or the respiratory mucous membrane, to fumes in order to produce a therapeutic effect’ ( Syd. Soc. Lex. 1885). Also concr. the fumes generated for this purpose. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 256 Make him a fumigacioun to his eere wij> hoot watir. Ibid. 291 Drie hem with fumy- gaciouns maad of pulpa coloquintida. 1527 Andrew Bruns- wyke's Distyll. Waters T ij b, A fumygacyon made of the same water is good for hering. 1629 Massinger Picture iv. ii, The friction with fumigation, cannot save him From the chine-evil. 1655 Culpepper, etc. Riverius 1. i. 3 Fumi¬ gations if they be not too strong, do well to consume mois¬ ture. 1713 Swift, etc. Frenzy of J. Dennis Wks. 1755 III. 1. 142 Let fumigations be used to corroborate the brain. 1801 Med. Jrnl. V. 219, I also applied the nitrous fumigation in cases of synochus. 1876 Bartholow Mat. Med. (1879) 129 In..maladies of the respiratory organs, it [arsenic] is used with advantage by the process of fumigation. 4 . Comb .: fumigation-lamp (see quot.). 1815 Falconer's Diet. Marine (ed. Burney), Fumigation Lamps , a recent invention for the purpose of expelling foul air from the holds and other confined places of ships. 1867 in Smyth Sailor’s Word-bk. Fumigative (fi/rmige fumose hete of he same herte. 1436 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 162 To feche the fumose wine, c 1460 J. Russell Bk. Nur¬ ture 354 Y pray yow for to telle me Certenle of how many metes hat ar fumose in J?eire degre. 1861 Wheat <§• Tares 199 The ‘Publican and Sinner' wafted its praises aloft on a cloud of fumose panegyric. 2 . Smoky, thick with smoke, like smoke. 1432-5° tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 319 He..seyde ofte tymes when wyndes scholde folowe by fumose vapores ascendenge. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Fumose. 1833 Fraser s Mag. VIII. 733 What a fumose volume comes from the sheets ! 3 . Bot. (See quot.) 1866 Treas. Bot., Fumous , Fumose, grey, changing to brown, smoke-coloured. + Fumo*sity. Obs. [ad. F .fu?nosild or med.L. fiimositds : see Fumose, Fumous, and -ity.] 1 . The quality of being full of fumes or vapours. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvii. vi. (1495) 607 For fumosyte of the stomacke greuyth the heed and makyth it ake. C1570 Pride <$• Lowl. (1841) 5 Engendering in the head fumositie. 1652 J. Wadsworth tr. Colmenero's Choco¬ late 19 Benzoin the Head frees from Fumosity. 2 . The flatulent quality of various articles of food ; the heady quality of wine, etc. c 1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 105 5hf dyuerse drynkes of theire fumosite haue he dissesid. Ibid. 350 Ye must thus know, - he fumositees of fysch, flesche, & fowles. 1542 VOL. IV. 601 Boorde Dyetary x. (1870) 254 Bycause wyne is full of fumosyte. b. Ill-smelling breath; smell of food or drink in the breath. c X530 FI. Rhodes Bk. Nurture 230 Belche thou neare to no mans face with a corrupt fumosytye. 1558 Warde tr. Alexis' Seer. 83b, Rubbe your teeth weL.to take awaye the fumositie of the meate. 3 . Vaporous humour rising into the head from the stomach. c 1386 Chaucer Sqr.'s T. 358 Ful were hir hedes of fumo- sitee. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 74 pis drynke is alteratijf . .and it lettih fumosite to arise to hebrayn. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 325 The fumosities that trouble and dim the eie- sight. 1678 R. R[ussell] Geber 11. 1. 1. iii. 28 Their Brain repleat with many Fumosities cannot receive the true In¬ tention. 4 . a. The state of fuming or giving off fumes, b. concr. A fumy or vaporous exhalation from any¬ thing, a fume; the volatile part given off from a mineral or the like. 1477 Norton Ord. Alch.v. in Ashm. (1652) 65 Infused with a thick Fumosity congregate Of Water, and alsoe of Erth succended. 1563 W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 58 That water receiveth the fumosity of brimstone, and other minerals, thorow which it runneth. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. i. 1. Eden 620 His burned stalks with strong fumosities Of piercing vapours, purge the French disease. 1650 Ashmole Chym. Collect. 132 So that Mercury be made hot even to Fumosity. 1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. 31/2 Rain is .. an Earthly humor, or fumosities drawn up out of the Water and Earth. 1726 Leoni tr. Albertis Archit. I. 3/1 Whether the Wind be occasioned by a dry Fumosity of the Earth. 1750 tr. Leonardus' Mirr. Stones 37 The Red colour happens in perspicuous stones, when a lighted fumosity and a tender fire is infused in a perspicuous light. Fumous (fiz 7 *mos), a. [f. L .fum-osus (f. fUnius smoke) + -ous. Cf. F .fujneuxi] + 1 . Giving off fumes; esp. tending to generate wind or gas in the stomach, flatulent. Obs. 1477 Norton Ord. Alch. v. in Ashm. (1652) 73 Fumous things alone. 1543 Traheron Vigo's Chirurg. in. 1. iv. 90 If it [an aposteme] came of to muche eatynge of fumous meates. 1610 Barrough Meth. Physick 1. xxiv. (1639) 40 He must abstaine from Garlick, Onions..and such like fumous things. 1688 R. Holme Armoury in. 430/2 The Stopple, which hath a large Head, .contains the fumous Medicine. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Fumous , apt to fume up, that sends Fumes into the Head, heady. + 2 . Consisting of fumes ; vaporous, windy. Obs. 1534 Elyot Cast. Helthe iv. xii. 94 b, Let them abstein from meate, that ingender botches, .fumouse ructuacions or vapours. 1548-77 Vicary Anat. ii. (1888) 21 That Artere bringeth with him from the lunges ayre to temper the fumous heate that is in the harte. 1604 Jas. I Counterbl. (Arb.) 98 Since the Subiect is but of Smoke, I thinke the fume of an idle braine, may serue for a sufficient battery against so fumous and feeble an enemy. 1612 Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 21 The Glister Instrument, fit for the exact giving of a vaporous, fumous, or dry Glister, &c. 1678 R. R[ussell] Geber 11. 1. 11. ii. 41 The subtile fumous Humidity. 3 . Pertaining to smoke or smoking. Now jocular. 1661 Evelyn Fumifugium 1. 7 Those fumous Works many of them were either left off or spent but few Coales. 1830 Lytton Paul Clifford II. iv. 100 As soon as the revellers had provided themselves with their wonted luxuries, pota¬ tory and fumous. + 4 . Full of passion, angry, furious. Obs. 1430-40 Lydg. Bochas vii. ii. (1554) 166 b, Hasty, fumous, with furies infernal Of wilful malice innocentes blood to shede. 1460 Paston Lett. No. 349 I. 514 Here hevedy and fumows langage. £1526 Frith Disput. Purgat. (1829) 88 A man’s enemy, .gathereth together all that he can imagine, and so accuseth a man more of a fumous heat than of any verity. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus 1. 617 With fax and face fumous. 1684 H. More Answer 84 Each maintaining their cause with like fumous Animosity. 5 . Bot. =FuMOSEa. 3. 1866 [see Fumose a. 3]. Hence Fumously adv. ; in quots. f angrily, furiously. 1460 Paston Lett. No. 349 I. 512 Whan he seyd so fumowsly, ‘ Who so ever sey that of me, he lyeth falsly in hise hede, &c.’ 1526 Skelton Magnyf. 2522 And fumously addresse you. 1553 T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 151 An other beyng sore offended .. said fumouslie unto hym, dooest thou heare me? a 1652 Brome Covent Garden 1. Wks. 1873 II. 17 Some have by the phrensie of despair Fumously run into the sea to throw Their wretched bodies. Fumrell, obs. form of Femerell. Fumy (fi? 7 *mi), a. [f. Fume sb. + -y 1 .] Com¬ posed of, or full of, fumes, vapours, or smoke ; of the nature of fume or fumes. 1570 Levins Manip. 101/40 Fumye, fumosus. __ 1591 Sylvester Du Bartas 1. ii. 1006 Blent With fumie mixture of grosse nourishment. 1605 Tim me Quersit. 1. ix. 36 Ashes., have in them partly that which is earthie, and partly that which is fumie. 1635 Sir H. Wotton in Lis- more Papers (1888) Ser. 11. III. 219 This fumie Citie [London]. 1703 Rowe Ulyss. 11. i. 953 The fumy Vapours And mounting Spirits of the deep-drunk Bowl. 1794 Mathias Purs. Lit. (1803) 368 The fumy tint [of a smoked glass]. 1871 G. Macdonald Parable in Wks. Fancy <$• Imag. IV. 71 Through the fumy, thickened air. 1885 G. Meredith Diana I. i. 4 It knows enough for its fumy dubiousness. + b. Fumy ball : ? ‘ a puff-ball * (Halliw.) ; ? a bubble. 1598 Hall Sat. iv. iv, All soft as is the falling thistle¬ down, Soft as the fumy ball, or Morrians crowne. Hence Fu mily adv. y smokily. 1855 in Ogilvie Supp. Fun (fan), sb. [prob. f. Fun vi] + 1 . A cheat or trick; a hoax, a practical joke. «1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew , Fun, a Cheat or slippery Trick. 1719 D’Urfey Pills (1872) V. 259 A Hackney Coach¬ man he did hug her, And was not this a very good Fun ? 2 . Diversion, amusement, sport; also, boisterous jocularity or gaiety, drollery. (Johnson 1755 stigmatizes it as ‘a low cant word’; in present use it is merely somewhat familiar.) 1727 Swift Mi sc. Epit. By-words, Tho’ he talk’d much of virtue, his head always run Upon something or other she found better fun. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones ix. vi, Par¬ tridge .. was a great lover of what is called fun. 1751 E. Moore Gil Bias Prol. 25 Don’t mind me tho’, for all my fun and jokes. 1767 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. I. 99 Vindex .. looked smilingly about him with much fun in his face. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 313 It is fun to them to break off an ornament, or disfigure a statue. 1790 Burns Tam o'Shanter 144 The mirth and fun grew fast and furious. 1837 Dickens Pickw. ii, ‘What’s the fun?’ said a rather tall thin young man. 1845 S. C. Hall Bk. Gems 90 His wit and humour delightful, when it does not degenerate into ‘fun ’. 1849 E. E. Napier Excurs. S. Africa II. 331 Being better mounted than the rest of his troop, [he] pushed on to see more of the fun. 1887 Shearman Athletics $ Football 325 Most footballers play for the fun and the fun alone. 1889 J. K. Jerome Idle Thoughts 42 There is no fun in doing nothing when you have nothing to do. 1891 Baring-Gould In Troubadour-Land iv. 50, I do not see the fun of going to hotels of the first class. b. Phr. To make fun of poke fun at (a person, etc.): to ridicule. For ox in fun : as a joke, sportively, not seriously. (LLe y it is') good, great fun: a source of much amusement. Like fun: energetically, very quickly, vigorously. What fun! how very amus¬ ing ! x 737 H. Walpole Corr . (1820) I. 17, I can’t help making fun of myself. 1840 Hood Up Rhine 157 The American .. in a dry way began to poke his fun at the unfortunate traveller, a 1847 Mrs. Sherwood Lady of Manor III. xxi. 250 Then you won’t make fun of me, will you? 1848 Lowell Biglow P. Ser. 1. iv. 98 Stickin’ together like fun. 1849 Lytton Caxtons 19 You would be very sorry if your mamma were to .. break it for fun. 1857 Hughes Tom Brown 11. iii, The bolts went to like fun. i860 Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. III. exxvi. 82 Who knows but Volun¬ teer Rifles may make a campaign in the Holy Land, and mount guard over the production of the holy fire at Easter? ‘What fun !’ 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 151 He may pretend in fun that he has a bad memory. 1877 M. M. Grant Sun-Maid iii, The races are great fun. 1891 N. Gould Double Event 1 He’s such good fun, and he’s so obliging. 1895 H. A. Kennedy in 19 th Cent. Aug. 331, I suppose the wood-carver was poking fun at him? 3 . Comb., as, fun-loving adj. 1775 Pratt Liberal Opin. (1783) II. 119 This fun-loving Alicia. 1892 Daily News 14 July 5/1 A fun-loving, jolly, prankish elf of a woman. Fun (fon), v . [Perh. a dialectal pronunc. of Fon v. y to befool (not recorded after 15th c.).] 1 . trans. To cheat, hoax; also, to cajole. Const. of out of. Obs. exc. dial. 1685 Roxb. Ball. VII. 473 She had fun'd him of his Coin. a 1700 B. E. Did. Cant. Crew s.v., What do you Fun me? Do you think to Sharp or Trick me? 1744 Ozell tr. Bran- tome's Sp. Rhodomontades (ed. 2)44 He that funs me out of her, may boldly say, he has fun’d the best Sword in France. 1785 Grose Diet. Vulg. Tongue s.v., Do you think to fun me out of it. 1812 Sporting Mag. XL. 86 Sure your lordship wouldn’t be funning me. 1847-78 Halli- well, Fun , to cheat, to deceive, Somerset. 1886 Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. s.v., He’ve a-fun me out o’ vower poun. 2 . [from the sb.] intr. To make fun or sport; to indulge in fun ; to fool, joke. 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle x, If it be .. Christian-like .. to be after funning and fuddling, while a fellow-creature .. stands before you, all but dead. 1853 W. Jerdan Autobiog. III. vii. 83 In later days he was often funning—I can find no other word to express it—in * Blackwood '. 1886 E. L. Bynner A.Surriage vi. 77 ‘ Ye must be funnin’, sir-r ’, she almost gasped. Hence Firnning vbl. sb. 1728 Gay Begg. Op. 11. Air xix, Cease your funning, Force or Cunning Never shall my Heart trapan. 1850 T. A. Trollope Impress. Wand. xxv. 377 He took upon him to furnish amusement during the .. journey by a succession of funning. 1879 Seguin Black For. xiii. 222 He generally contrives that his victims shall not materially suffer from his funning. Fun, obs. and dial. pa. pple. of Find. t Funambulant. Obs. [as if ad. L. *funam- bulant-em , pr. pple. of an assumed vb. *fiinambu- lare to walk on a rope, i. funambulus (see Funam- bule) or its elements.] A rope-walker, a funam¬ bulist. So Funambulate v. y to walk on a stretched rope (in mod. Diets.). Funa'inbula- tion, the action of walking on a rope. Funam- bulator, a rope-walker. Funanibulatory a. y pertaining to rope-walking; that walks on a rope. 1606 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. iv. iv. Decay 911 Hee’s fain to stand like the *Funambulant Who seems to tread the air. 1623 Cockeram ii, a Rope walker, Funambnlante. 1721-92 Bailey, * Funambulation. 1797 E. Darwin Cond. Fern. Educ., Skating on the ice in winter, swimming in summer, funambulation or dancing on the straight rope. 1676-1732 Coles, *Funambulator. .a dancer on the Ropes. 1883 Sala in Illustr. Lond. News 11 Aug., The apprentice¬ ship of young children to acrobats and funambulators. 1682 Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor.i. § 1 Tread softly and circum¬ spectly in this *funambulatory Track and narrow Path of Goodness. 1727-41 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Funambulus, In the floralia. .held under Galba, there were funambulatory 76 FUNAMBULE. 602 FUNCTIONAL. elephants. 1880 J. H. Ingram in Academy 28 Feb. 153/2 Funambulatory labours. t Funambule, sb. Obs. In 7 funamble. [ad. L. funambul-us , f. ftin-is rope + ambul-cire to walk. Cf. ¥ .funambulei) A rope-walker. 1697 Evelyn Numism . 277 The late Famous Funamble Turk. Hence Funa'mbulic a., of or pertaining to rope- walkers or rope-walking. 1867 Lond. Rev. 27 Apr. 480 M. Blondin created, as we are told, an era in the funambulic art. t Funa mbule, v. Obs.—° [f. Funambule sb.] intr. To walk on a stretched rope. Hence + Funa•nlbuling• vbl. sb., the action of the vb. Also f Funa*mbuler, a rope-walker. 1650 B. Discolliminium 5 Now go I a funambuling, I wish I may go steady lest I tumble. 1659 Torriano, Arte- gatdre , a tumbler, a funeambuler, a dancer on ropes. Funambulist (fittnccmbb/list). [f. asprec. + -1ST.] A performer on the tight (or slack) rope, a rope-walker, a rope-dancer. 1793 Looker-on No. 80 p 3 What man will withhold from the funambulist the praise of justice, who considers his inflexible uprightness? 1824 Heber Jrnl. (ed. 2) II. xx. 334 Tricks which proved him to be a funambulist of con¬ siderable merit. 1847-8 De Quincey Protestantism Wks. VIII. 95 That would be a sad task for the most skilful of funambulists or theological tumblers. 1896 Daily News 1 Sept. 3 A Funambulist is a gentleman who .. on a rope.. turns sommersaults, leaps thro* a ring, and plays on a fiddle while whirling like a Catharine wheel. So Funa’mbiilism [see -ism], rope-walking. 1824 De Quincey Conversation Wks. 1890 X. 280 A sort of monster hired to play tricks of funambulism for the night. 1886 A. Jessopp in Athenaeum 20 Feb. 264 Horrible lessons of ghastly grammar and dreary funambulism yclept analysis of the sentence. II Funa*mbulo. arch. [Sp.or It.fiinam- buhts : see Funambule.] A funambulist. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 11. xv. §2. 58 The Trickes of Tumblers, Funambuloes, Baladynes. a 1626 — Let. 4 * Disc. H. Saville in Resuscitatio (1657) 227 We see the Industry, and Practise, of Tumblers, and Funambulo’s. 1895 N. 4- Q. 8th Ser. VIII. 251 The conjurors and funambuloes of our adventurously impudent century. t Funambulous, a. Obs. rare. [f. L. fii- nambul-us (see Funambule sb.) +-oos.] Of or pertaining to a rope-walker. 1672 Sir T. Browne Lett. Friend (1690) 9 Tread softly and circumspectly in this funambulous Track and narrow Path of Goodness [cf. quot. 1682 in Funambulatory], II Funa'mbulus. Obs. PI. funambuli. [L.: see Funambule sb.] A rope-dancer. a 1614 Jas. Melvill Diary (1842) 487 ,1 saw a funambulus, a Frenchman, play strang and incredible prattiks upon stented takell in the Palace-close, a 1639 Wotton in Reliq. (1651) 484 Walking not like a Funambulus upon a Cord, but upon the edge of a rasor. 1650 Bulwer Anthro/>omet. xxii. 240 Our Funambuli and Tumblers. 1686 Plot Staf- fordsh. vii.239 Spiders, .will winde up the thredshorter till it is very straight, as the Funambuli strain their roaps. Function (fo'gkjbn), sb. Also 6 funccion. [a. OF. function ( ¥. fonction, cf. It. funzione, Sp. funcion), ad. L . function-em, n. of action i. fungi {fungor) to perform.] f 1 . In etymological sense : The action of per¬ forming ; discharge or performance of (something). 1597 Daniel Civ. Wars vi. xciii, His hand, his eye, his wits all present, wrought The function of the glorious Part he beares. 1656-81 in Blount Glossogr. 1701 Swift Con - tests Nobles <§■ Com. Wks. 1755 II. 1. 50 A representing commoner in the function of his publick calling. 1755 in Johnson. Hence in mod. Diets. J* 2 . Activity; action in general, whether physical or mental. Of a person : Bearing, gestures. Obs. 1579 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 142 A trifold kinde of life, Actiue, which is about ciuil function, and administration. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 11. ii. 582 Teares in his eyes..A broken voyce, and his whole Function suiting With Formes, to his Conceit. 1605 — Macb. 1. iii. 140 Function is smother’d *n surmise. 3 . The special kind of activity proper to any¬ thing; the mode of action by which it fulfils its purpose. Also in generalized application, esp. {Phys.) as contrasted with structure . a. of a physical organ; in early use of animal organisms only; later of vegetable. Often pre¬ ceded by some defining word, as animal , organic , vital, etc. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. in. ii. 177 Dark night, that from the eye his function takes, The eare more quicke of appre¬ hension makes. 1664 H. More Myst. Iniq., Apol. 500 The Earth, .modified into a frame fit for the functions of life. 1692 Bentley Boyle Led. viii. 284 If our Air had not been a springy Elastical Body, no Animal could have exercised the very Function of Respiration. 1704 F. Fuller Med. Gymn. (1711) 22 Animal Spirits, .serve to execute other Functions besides that of Motion. 1797 M. Baillie Morb. Anat. (1807) 285 There is little disadvantage to the animal functions produced by this variety. 1808 Med. Jrnl. XIX. 386 Before we can.. understand the functions of the nerves, we must understand those of the brain. 1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Client. (1814) 34 The same. .law. .is. .essential to the functions of vegetable life. 1831 Brewster Nat. Magic iii. (1833) 51 Some accidental and temporary derangement of the vital functions. 1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 988 The functions of the leaves during the day are very different from what they are during the night. 1862 Darwin Fertil. Orchids ii. 65 These points of structure and function. 1882 Vines Sachs' Bot. 730 If the .. limits mentioned .. are exceeded, the functions of the plant may .. simply come to rest. 1886 A. Winchell Walks 4 * Talks Geol. Field 260 They [Pterosaurs] foreshadowed birds, .in the flying function. b. of the intellectual and moral powers, etc. 1604 Shaks. Oth. 11. ii. 354 As her Appetite shall play the God, With his weake Function. 1671 Milton Sainson 596 Nature within me seems In all her functions weary of her¬ self. 1809-10 Coleridge Friend (1837) III. 192 The func¬ tions of comparison, judgment, and interpretation. 1868 Farrar Silence 4- V. ii. (1875) 33 The first function of the conscience is to warn. C. of things in general. 1541 R. Copland Galyen's Terap. 2 Cj, There be two fyrste dyfferences of the functions and actions of medycyne. 1776 Adam Smith IV. N. 1. iv. (1869) I. 25 These rude bars, therefore, performed at this time the function of money. 1805- 17 R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed.3) 189 The letters are placed as if all the angles and edges had different functions, 1854 Brewster More Worlds v. 93 The sun has a great function to perform in controlling the movements of the whole system. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. I. j. § 2 (1875) 8 They assert that the sole function of the State is the protection of persons against each other, and against a foreign foe. 1872 Ruskin Eagle's N. § 210 The function of historical painting. 4 . The kind of action proper to a person as be¬ longing to a particular class, esp. to the holder of any office; hence, the office itself, an employment, profession, calling, trade. 1533 More Con/ut. Barnes viii. Wks. 761/1 [Barnes values his own prayers above those of Our Lady and the saints] because thesayntes be al departed hence, .and be no lenger of our funccion. 1564 Brief Exam. *****, Garmentes make not the person knowen by name, but his common function. 1574 Ord. in D. Irving Hist. Scot. Poetry (1861) 451 The con¬ travenes hereof, if they be ministers, to be secludit fra the function. 1612 Brinsley Lud. Lit. i. (1627) 1 A Discourse be- tweene two Schoolemasters, Concerning their function. 1662 Bk. Com. Prayer Prayer Ember Week, To those which shall be ordained to any holy function. 1706 Estcourt Fair Examp. iv. i, If I don’t succeed here, I’ll renounce the Honour of my Function. 1725 De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 210 Exercise no other function than that of a phy¬ sician. 1791 Burke App. Whigs Wks. VI. 85 With per¬ fidy to their colleagues in function. 1795 — Regie. Peace i. Wks. IX. 81 One of the very first acts, by which it auspicated its entrance into function. 1811 Lamb Good Clerk Misc. Wks. (1871) 385 The quill, which is the badge of his function, stuck behind his dexter ear. 1862 Stanley Jew. Ch. (1877) I. xix. 369 The Jewish Prophets, .included within their number functions so different as those of king and peasant. 1871 Palgrave Lyr. Poems 118 Then at thy noble function toil. 1878 R. W. Dale Led. Preach, viii. 252 It is our function as ministers to satisfy the wants..of the higher life of man. + b. collect. The persons following a profession or trade ; an order, class. Obs. c 1580 in Rye Cromer { 1870) p. lxiii, The Peere.. will yealde further meanes of trade and wourke to every function. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 146 The Scribes are not a Sect, but a function. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. hi. § 145 The Earl of Essex was rather Displeased with the Person of the Arch-Bishop .. than Indevoted to the Func¬ tion. a 1713 Ellwood Autobiog. (1765) 19, I went, .to hear the Minister of Chinner; and this was the last time I ever went to hear any of that Function. 1725 Pope Odyss. xxi. 177 Thy coward function ever is in fear [said to a priest]. 1732 Fielding Miser iii. iv, Never was a person of my function so used. c. pi. Official duties. 1550 Bale Apol. 105b, Preferrynge vyrgynyte as..more free to all godly funccions. 1596 Bp. W. Barlow Three Serm. ii. 71 Eyther Prince or Subiect fayling in their seuerall functions and places. 1703 Maundrell Journ. Jems. (1732) 71 More, .exact in their functions than the other Monks. 1774 J. Bryant Mythol. 1 . 335 They were in some particular func¬ tions the most accurate, .of any creatures upon earth. 1792 J. Barlow Const, of 1791, 5 The quantity of prejudice with which their functions called them to contend. 1845 Ford Handbk. Spaui 1. 44 The mule performs in Spain the functions of the camel in the East. 1868 Helps Realmah iii. (1876) 43 Ministers are worked to death by their double functions—parliamentary and official. 1874 Farrar Christ 86 Caiaphas and Annas were dividing the functions of a priesthood which they disgraced. 5 . A religious ceremony ; orig. in the Roman Catholic Church. (Cf. It .funzione.) 1640 in Trans. St. Pauls Eccles. Soc. 1 . 46 Wee have had neyther prayers nor any other function her thes two yers. 1670-98 Lassels Voy. Italy II. 33 A cross set with Diamonds and Pearls which the Pope wears at his breast in great functions. 1741 Middleton Cicero I. vi. 416 The dedi¬ cation was not performed with any of the solemn words and rites which such a function required. 1789 Mrs. Piozzi Journ. France I. 83 The Christmas functions here were showy. 1818 H. V. Elliott Let. in Bateman Life iv. (1870) 70 These were the finest parts of the ‘Function 1 as it is called. 1855 Thackeray Newcomes xi, The function over, one almost expects to see the sextons put brown hollands over the pews. 1868 Browning Ring 4* Bk. iv. 439 After function’s done with, down we go. 1884 Sat. Rev. 7 June 745/2 On Wednesday and Thursday last week there were functions in two adjacent Cathedrals. b. [? after Sp .funcion; see quot. 1858.] A public ceremony; a social or festive meeting con¬ ducted with form and ceremony. [1858 W. Stuart Let. in Hare Story Two Noble Lives (1893) H. 43L I hope that Char, s journal will have done justice to the Rajah of Mysore and his funcion along the road to receive her.] 1864 Kingsley Rom. 4* Tent. 123 Then was held a grand function. Dietrich, .had Italy ceded to him by a ‘Pragmatic* sanction. 1878 Besant & Rice Celia's Arb. xxxvii, There was a Function of some kind— a Launch—a Reception—a Royal Visit—going on in the Dockyard. 1884 Manch. Exam. 11 Nov. 5/2 The American people are fond of functions. 1894 Du Maurier Trilby 0895 ) 333 A prandial function which did not promise to be very amusing. 6 . Math . A variable quantity regarded in its re¬ lation to one or more other variables in terms of which it may be expressed, or on the value of which its own value depends. [This use of the L . fundio is due to Leibnitz and his associates. A paper in the Acta Eruditorum for 1692, pp. 169-170, signed ‘O. V. E.’, but prob. written by Leibnitz, uses fundiones in a sense hardly different from its ordinary untechnical sense, to denote the various ‘ offices ’ which a straight line may fulfil in relation to a curve, viz. its tangent, normal, etc. In the same journal for 1694, p. 316, Leibnitz defines futidio as ‘a part of a straight line which is cut off by straight lines drawn solely by means of a fixed point, and of a point in the curve which is given together with its degree of curvature *; the examples given being the ordi¬ nate, abscissa, tangent, normal, etc. As the fundiones (in Leibnitz* sense) of a curve are variable quantities having a fixed mutual relation, this use of the word easily developed into the modern sense, which occurs in the writings of the Bernoullis early in the 18th c. A somewhat peculiar use occurs about 1713, in Leibnitz’ Hist, et Origo Calc. Diff. {Math. Schriften ed. Gerhardt V. 408), where he says that just as constant quantities have their ‘functions’, viz. powers and roots, so variables have also ‘functions’ of a third kind, viz. differentials.] 1779 Chambers' Cycl. (ed. Rees) s. v., The term function is used in algebra, for an analytical expression any way compounded of a variable quantity, and of numbers, or con¬ stant quantities. 1789 Waring in Phil. Trans. LXXIX. 184 Let a quantity P be a function of x, or the fluent of a function ofxXx. 1816 Babbage, etc. tr. Lacroix's Diff. 4- Int. Calc. 2 Letustakea function a little more complicated, u = ax 2 . 1837 Brewster Magnet. 145 Whether the quantity and deviation at any point could be expressed by any function of the lati¬ tude and longitude of that point. 1885 Watson & Burbury Math. Th. Electr. 4 * Magn. I. 242 The functions a and may be positive or negative. 189a J. Edwards Diff. Calculus i. § 6 (ed. 2) 2 When one quantity depends upon another or upon a system of others, so that it assumes a definite value when a system of definite values is given to the others, it is called a function of those others. 1893 Forsyth Theory of Functions 8 A complex quantity w is a function of another complex quantity z when they change together in such a manner that the value of ^ is inde¬ pendent of the differential element dz. This is Riemann’s definition. transf. 1876 L. Tollemache in Fortn. Rev. Jan. no A man’s fortitude under given painful conditions is a function of two variables. Hence Firnctioned ppl. a., furnished with or having a function. 1882 Athenaeum 18 Nov. 657/2 Imagine a spiritual being so placed, so surrounded, and so functioned. Function (fo’qkjan), v . [f. prec. sb. Cf. F. fonctionner .] 1 . intr. To fulfil a function; to perform one’s duty or part; to operate; to act. 1856 Masson Chatterton 11. iv. (1874) 227 Debt, though negative property, still is a kind of property, and functions as such to the advantage of its possessor. 1862 Marsh Eng. Lang. 40 When played upon by an expert operator it functioned, as the French say, very well. 1876 Maudsley Physiol. Mind v. 328 The mind will function along certain definite lines or paths. 1889 Edtn. Rev. Oct. 533 No in¬ strument of despotism.,has ever functioned with so little noise. 1894 H. Drummond Ascent Man 257 In the higher groups the nutritive system is..the first to function, and the last to cease its work, b. Phys. 1878 Bell Gegenbaur' s Comp. Anat. 7 We. .know Verte- brata in which the clefts function only for a time as respira¬ tory organs. 1887 Athenaeum 29 Oct. 572/1 Groups, .having the nephridia functioning as efferent ducts for the gonads. 1896 Life 4- Lett. G. J. Romanes 16 But in no case had it been shewn that they [nerves] functioned as such. 2 . To hold a * function’ (see Function sb. 5 b) or ceremonial meeting. ? nonce-use. 1890 Sat. Rev. 10 May 554/1 Two other Societies .. ‘ functioned ’ on the same day. Hence Functioning vbl. sb. and ppl. a. 1881 W. S. Tuke tr. Charcot's Clin. Led. 232 Disturb¬ ances resulting from the abnormal functioning of the affected organ. 1894 Westm. Mag. 8 May 2/3 The mere show, the social functioning and ceremony, remains, although every¬ one knows that the life of the metropolis no longer expresses itself through the City Corporation. 1894 H. Drummond Ascent Man ii. 117 The still functioning muscles of the forehead. Functional (fp'qkjanal), a. [f. Function sb. + -AL.] 1 . Of or pertaining to some function or office; official. In weaker sense: Formal. 1631 J. Burges Answ. Rejoined 205 The title of holines is not alwaies personall, but often functionall .. thus .. the Levites and Priests, .were stiled holy, i860 S. Wilbf.r- force Addr. Orditi. 23 The validity, .of. .functional acts.. is not affected by the unworthiness of the appointed agent. 1874 H. R. Reynolds John Bapt. v. § 3. 351 He had certain national, .offices to fill, for which He needed specific and functional introduction. 1889 Pall Mall G. 23 May 5/1 Some, .functional speeches followed. 2 . Phys. a. Of or pertaining to the functions of an organ. Of diseases: Affecting the functions only, not structural or organic, b. Of an organ : Serving a function (opposed to rudimentary). 1843 Sir C. Scudamore Med. Visit Grafenberg 53 It seems probable that more than functional error in the membranes of the brain and spinal marrow exists in this case. 1872 Darwin Emotions vi. 164 It would appear .. that the lachrymal glands do not..come to full functional activity at a very early period of life. 1874 Maudsley Respons. in Ment. Dis. ii. 44 It is with so-called functional diseases FUNCTIONALLY. 603 FUNDAL. such as epilepsy, chorea, neuralgia. 1884 Cassell's Family Mag. Feb. 143/2 Functional disease of the heart. transf. 1864 Reader 24 Dec. 792/2 The stage never needed a tonic more. There are many indications of re¬ turning health, amid all its symptoms of weakness and functional derangement. 1875 Blake Zool. 25 The hoofs may be .. 2 functional and 2 rudimental, as in the greatest number of ruminant types. 1879 Sir G. Scott Led. Archil. II. 190 My last lecture brought the subject of vaulting to its full functional development. 3 . Math. Of or pertaining to a function : see Function sb. 6. 1806 Gompertz in Phil. Trans. XCVI. 176 This theorem evidently supposes that the functional values of pz are distinct in the general expression for the sum of the series. 1815 Babbage Ibid. CV. n. 390 A functional equation is said to be of the first order, when it contains only the first function of the unknown quantity. Ibid. , a, / 3 , y, &c. are known functional characteristics, i860 Boole Finite Diff. xi. 218 The most general definition of a functional equation is that it expresses a relation arising from the forms of functions ; a relation therefore which is independent of the particular values of the subject variable. Hence Functiona’lity, functional character; in Math., the condition of being a function. Func¬ tionalize v., to place or assign to some function or office (Webster 1864). .8 7 , Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue % 252 The old native Latin, whose vitality and functionality was all but purely flectional. 1879 Cayley in Encycl. Brit. IX. 818/1 Func¬ tionality in Analysis is dependence on a variable or variables. Functionally (fo-qkjbnali), adv. [f. Func¬ tional a. + -ly 2 .J In a functional manner; with respect to the functions; in the discharge of the functions. 1820 W. Lawrence Led. ii. 163 The organ is said to be functionally disordered. 1846 Owen Brit. Fossil Mamm. 433 The homed Ruminants, for example, manifest transi¬ torily in the embryo-state the germs of upper incisors and canines, which disappear before birth, but which were retained and functionally developed in the cloven-footed Anoplothere. 1854 Woodward Mollusca (1856) 256 Its muscle becomes (functionally) an adductor. 1879 H. Spencer Data of Ethics xi. 188 Functionally produced modifi¬ cations. 1882 Vines Sachs' Bot. 919 The male organs of species-hybrids are functionally weak to a higher degree than the female organs. Functionarism (fo'gkjanariz’m). [f. Func¬ tionary + -ism.] The system of administration by means of functionaries ; the characteristic bear¬ ing and manner of functionaries; officialism. 1842 Tails Mag. IX. 177 That new power which in this country is termed official patronage, and which Mr. Laing calls Functionarism. 1851 Ht. Martineau Hist. Peace (1877) III. iv. xiii. 121 By a rapid and perpetual extension of functionarism .. he was casting a net over France. 1880 Contemp. Rev. Mar. 432 Functionarism is one of the most characteristic phenomena in Germany. 1885 Sat. Rev. 3 Oct. 463 What Mr. Newmarch called ‘functionarism’ in opposition to individualism—the State undertaking the functions of the individual. Functionary (fo-qkjhnari), sb. [f. Function sb. + - ary 1 , after Y. fone tionnaire.'] One invested with a function; one who has certain functions or duties to perform ; an official. 1791 Burke Tit. Fr. Affairs Wks. VII. 19 Their republick is to have a first functionary (as they call him) under the name of king, or not, as they think fit. 1816 J. Scott Vis. Paris (ed. 5) Pref. 61 Several houses have been burnt, and an unfortunate functionary cut to pieces. 1844 Dickens Mart. Chuz. (C. D. ed.) 195 A female functionary, a nurse. 1879 Froude Caesar xviii. 303 Legitimate functionaries to carry on the government. Fu'nctionary, a. [f. Function sb. + -ary 2 .] 1 . = Functional 2. 1822-34 Goods Study Med. (ed. 4) III. 59 The disease may. .commence in some structural or functionary affection of the abdominal organs. 2 . Official; = Functional i. 1862 Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) VI. xlix. 118 In order that these offices should be adequately filled, .it was neces¬ sary to maintain this functionary reservoir constantly at the same exalted level. 1882-3 Schaff ’ s Encycl. Relig . Knowl. II. 1310 The functionary duties of the Levites. 1895 I Vest m. Gaz. 23 Aug. 2/3 Let us have done with these fictions of functionary superiority. Functionate (fo'qkjontf't), v. Somewhat rare. [f. as prec. + -ate 3 .] intr. To perform one's function; to work, operate; to officiate. Hence Firnctionating vbl. sb ., in quot. attrib . 1856 Lever Martins of Cro'M. 149 The worst of the class is, they’ll only functionate for your grand dinners, and they leave your every-day meal to some inferior in the de¬ partment. 1869 Daily News 11 June, The reflective faculty remains in undisturbed repose. As the French say, it does not ‘ functionate ’. 1873 E. H. Clarke Sex in Educ. 40 The muscles and the brain cannot functionate in their best way at the same moment. 1891 D. Wilson Right Hand 187 The existence, then, of greater nutrition and greater functionating ability in the left hemisphere might well be assumed. Functionize (fo’gkjsnoiz), v. rare. [f. Func¬ tion sb. + -ize.] = Function v . i. 1868 N. Porter Human Intellect Introd. iv. § 41. 55 A - soul that is self-conscious is not so singular as a brain functionizing about itself and its own being. Functionless (fogkjanles), a. [f. as prec. + -less.] Having no function: chiefly in physio¬ logical sense. Cf. Function sb. 3 a. 1836 Fonblanque Ettg. under Seven Admin. (1837) hi. 296 Its nominal functionless minister. 1839-47 Todd Cycl. Anal. III. 238/1 Clavicles .. almost obsolete and function¬ less. 1871 Darwin Dcsc. Man I. i. 29 The os coccyx in man, though functionless as a tail, plainly represents this part in other vertebrate animals. 1879 A. W. Bennett in Academy 32 A fifth stamen, which however is functionless, so far as the ordinary purpose of stamens is concerned. 1889 Pall Mall G. 13 Nov. 6/2 These organs are quite functionless as wings. 1894 J. R. Illingworth Personality ii. (1895) 52 Capabilities .. which we cannot conceive ulti¬ mately frustrated and functionless. Fund (fzmd), sb. [ad. L .fund-us the bottom; also, a piece of land. Cf. Fond sb . Fund and fond were used indiscriminately in the 17th c.; in the 18th c. fond went out of use. The senses represent those of F. fo7id,fonds, rather than those of L. fundus.] +1. The bottom ; in various applications; occas. Phys. = Fundus. In the fund ( = F. dans le fond, au fond) : at bottom. Fund of grass ; a low-lying grass-plat. Cf. Bottom 4 b. Obs. X677GALE Crt. Gentilesll. iv. 36 Anadventitiousjoy,which hath no fundeor bottome. 1682 H. More Annot. GlanvilTs Lux 0 .18 Objects of Sight, whose Chief, if not onely Images, are in the fund of the Eye. 1705 Vanbrugh Confed. iv. Wks. (Rtldg.) 431/2 In the fund she is the softest, sweetest, gentlest lady breathing. 1709 Brit. Apollo II. No. 77. 2/1 A Glass-Bubble, .fix’d, .to the Fund of a Vessel. 1712 J. ames tr. Le Blotid's Gardening 61 Bowling-Greens, or ollow Funds of Grass. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1757) II- 281 So that the Wound may be closed in its whole Length, from the Fund to the outward Orifice, a 1761 Law Comf. Weary Pilgr. (1809) 58 This depth is called the center, the fund or bottom of the soul. + b. A coach-seat. (Cf. F. carrosse h deux fonds.) Obs. 1699 M. Lister Journ. Paris 12 The Coaches..of the great Nobility, .have two Seats or Funds, c. of a medal. 1697 Evelyn Numism. vi. 214 Moulding Medals..in case they polish the Fund with any Tool, ’twill seem to have been triinm’d with more Niceness and Formality than is Genuine. f 2. Foundation, groundwork, basis ; only in immaterial sense; = Fond sb. 1 . Upon one's own fund : on one’s own account. Obs. 1677 Galf.CW. Gentiles II. hi. 143 A secret desire of Inde¬ pendence., is graven on the very fund of our corrupt nature. 1699 Bentley Phal. 75 The only Fund for this Conjecture is Hermippus’s Relation of Pythagoras's Death. 1729 But¬ ler Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 12 Weak ties indeed, and what may afford fund enough for ridicule. 1745 De Foe Eng. ^ Tradesman Introd. (1841) I. 3 The.. British product, being^ the fund of its inland trade. 1748 H. Walpole Corr. (1837) II. cxciii. 239, I took to him for his resemblance to you; but am grown to love him upon his own fund. 3. Source of supply ; a permanent stock that can be drawn upon: + a. of material things. Rarely pi. Obs. 1695 Woodward Nat. Hist. Earthi. (1723)52 The Matter it self [being] restored to its original Fund and Promptuary, the Earth. 1716 R. Cotes in Phil. Trans. XXXI. 69 For let A B, represent the plane of the Horizon..E F, a fund of Vapours or Exhalations at a considerable height above us. 1725 Wodroiv Corr. (1843) III. 231, I know not what funds they have of the papers of those times. 1757 A. Cooper Dis¬ tiller 1. xviii. (1760) 79 Nor is this the only Fund of their Brandies. 1793 N. Vansittart Refl. Propriety Peace 127 An inexhaustible fund of recruits may be drawn from Hun¬ gary. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 757 The northern parts are covered with wood, among which is an inexhaustible fund of large timber. b. of immaterial things; = Fond sb. 2 ; some¬ times with mixture of sense 2 . f Out of one s own fund [ = F. de son propre fonds~\ : from one’s own stock of knowledge, out of one’s own head. a 1704 T. Brown Wks. (1707) I. 11. 81 The translating most of the French letters gave me as much trouble as if I had written them out of my own fund. 1723 De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 185 Nor had I a fund of religious know¬ ledge. 1769 Junius Lett. xvi. 73 There is a fund of good sense in this country, which cannot be deceived. 1770 Lang- horne Plutarch (1879) I- 400/1 Learning, .ought not to be considered as mere pastime and an useless fund for talk. 1832 Ht. Martineau Life in Wilds vi. 80 When we get such a fund of labour as this at our command. 1863 Mrs. C. Clarke Shaks. Char. xii. 300 Beatrice possesses a fund of hidden tenderness beneath her exterior gaiety and sarcasm. 1877 A. B. Edwards Up Nile vi. 134 The Painter, .bringsa fund of experience into the council. 4. a. sing. A stock or sum of money, esp. one set apart for a particular purpose. Cf. Fond sb. 3 . Sinkingfund : see Sinking vbl. sb. 1694 Massachusetts Law 27 Oct., A fund for the repayment of all such sums. 1726-7 Swift Gulliver 1. vi, Or, if that fund be deficient, it is largely supplied by the crown. 1764 Goldsm. Trav. 202 And e’en those ills, that round his mansion rise, Enhance the bliss his scanty fund supplies. 1795 Genii. Mag. 544/2 The principal projector of the fund for decayed musicians. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick, xvi, A small fund raised by the conversion of some spare clothes into ready money. 1868 G. Duff Pol. Surv. 25 There is a reserve fund, valued at from two to three times the amount of the yearly expenditure. b. pi. Money at a person’s disposal; pecuniary resources. ( To be or put ) in funds : in possession of money. 1728 Young Love Fame 1. (1757) 86 By your revenue measure your expence ; And to your funds and acres join your sense. 1798 Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 225 Your Committee has little doubt of its bringing into the Corpora¬ tion Funds a sum of money. 1848 Mill Pol. Econ. 1. v. § 2. (1876)41 Funds which have not yet found an investment. 1849 Thackeray Pendennis (1885) II. 17 When he had no funds he went on tick. 1873 C. Robinson N. S. Wales 93 An additional guarantee from the public funds of one-half the cost of building. 1879 Miss Braddon Clov. Foot II. i. 11 When he was in funds he preferred a hansom. 1895 Budd in Law Times XCIX. 545/1 With a view to putting the society in funds to pay its out-of-pocket disbursements. 5 . t a. sing. A portion of revenue set apart as a security for specified payments. Obs. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew s. v., A Staunch Fund, a good Security, a 1715 Burnet Own Time (1734) II. 209 The parliament went on slowly in fixing the fund for the Supplies they had voted. 1726-31 Tindal Rapin 's Hist. Eng. (1743) lb xvii. 135 Some good fund should be assigned her for the payment of what was due. 1740 W. Douglass Disc. Curr. Brit. Plant. Amer. 13 The 500,000/. lately pro¬ posed without Fund or Period. 1776 Adam Smith W. N . v. iii. (1869) II. 513 The first general mortgage or fund, con¬ sisting of a prolongation to the first of August 1706, of several different taxes which would have expired within a shorter term. fg. 1819 J. Marshall Coust. Opin. (1839) 152 Industry, talents and integrity constitute a fund which is as confidently trusted as property itself. b. The ( public ) funds : the stock of the national debt, considered as a mode of investment. (The origin of this sense may perh. be illustrated by phrases like * to invest in securities ’.) 1713 Steele Englishm. No. 55. 353 Methought my Mony chink'd..for joy of the Safety of the rest I have in the Funds. 1783 Cowper Let. 23 Nov., If he be the happiest man who has least money in the funds. 1809 R. Langford Introd. Trade 52 Funds is a general term for money lent to government, and which constitutes the national debt. 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair xx, Look what the funds were on the 1st of March. 1875 W. S. Hayward Love agst. World ii. 10 He. .must have close on a hundred and fifty thousand in the funds. + 6. In sense of L .fundus : A farm. Obs .' 1 1708 Motteux Rabelais {1737) V. 230 You to your, .rural Fund migrate. 7 . Printing. = Fount 2 . Also attrib. 1683 [see Fount 2 ]. 1695 Specimen of Let. to Univ. by Dr. John Fell y 5 Pair of Fund Cases. 1709 Tanner Let. 3 Oct. in Hearne Collect. II. 458 They can have a new fund of Letter from Holland. 8. Comb., fund-holder, one who has money invested in the public funds; so fund-holding ppl. adj.; fund-lord (formed by Cobbett after land¬ lord), a magnate whose position is due to wealth invested in the funds ; fund-monger, one who speculates in the public funds; whence fund- mongering vbl. sb. 1797 Fox Sp. Assessed Tax Bill 14 Dec. Sp. (1815) VI. 375 Would you tax the property of the *fund-holder ? 1812 H. Campbell in Examiner 25 May 333/1 In 1688..the fundholder received about 80 quartern loaves for his pound sterling annuity. 1878 F. Harrison in Fortn. Rei'. Nov. 697 If the Sovereign State borrows money at 3 per cent., it., confers on the fundholder a legal right. 1825 Cobbett Rnr. Rides (1830) I. 81 The taxes being, in fact, tripled by Peefs Bill, the *fundlords increase in riches. 1888 Pall Mall G. 18 Apr. 3/1 The Rothschild family, .those land-absorbing Fund-lords. 1862 N. V. 'Tribune 12 June (Cent.) Importing that the present civil war has been got up by jobbers, swindlers and *fund-mongers. 1886 N. Amer. Rev. Sept. CXLIII. 210 Thoroughly imbued with its hostility to per¬ petual debt and *fund-mongering. Fund (fond), v. [f. prec. sb.] 1 . trans. Originally, to provide a ‘ fund * (see Fund sb. 5) for the regular payment of the interest on (an amount of public debt); hence, to convert (a floating debt) into a more or less permanent debt at a fixed rate of interest. 1776 [see Funded ppl. a.]. 1789 T. Jefferson Writ. (1859) II. 584 If they fund their public debt judiciously. .1 believe they will be able to borrow any sums they please. 1802 Addington in G. Rose Diaries (i860) I. 513 Exchequer bills, which he says he shall .. fund. 1845 McCulloch Taxation hi. ii. (1852) 454 Had it been funded in a six and a quarter or six and a half per cent, stock, the interest might have been reduced five and twenty years ago to 4 or 4^ per cent. 2 . To put into a fund or store (see Fund sb. 3 b); to collect; to store (immaterial things). 1806-7 J- Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) vii. Introd, I have been little in a humour for..noting them down in my tablets;—I have funded a few loose agonies, however. [? Allusion to sense 1.] 1845 Ford Handbk. Spain I. 50 Every day and everywhere we are unconsciously fund¬ ing a stock of treasures and pleasures of memory. 1879 Family Herald XLIII. 109 A reserve of lion-like courage was funded ready for use in that dull mass of matter. 3 . To put (money) in the i funds’ (see Fund sb. 5 b); to invest. 1855 Thackeray Newcomes II. 48, I. R. sent a hundred pounds over to his father, .who funded it in his son’s name. 4 . intr. To fund up : to * pay up’, provide funds. 1888 Fenn Man with Shadozv II. xix. 223 You will have to fund up among the rest, if you don’t want to see your poor parson in rags. Hence Fu nding ppl. a., in sense 1. a 1852 Moore Coimtry Dance $ Quad. 98 [John Bull] un¬ fleeced by funding block heads. Fund, Fund- : see Found, Found-. Fundable (fo*ndab’l), a. [f. Fund v. + -able.] Capable of being funded. 1884 Pall Mall G. 30 Apr. 11/2 As for the Ten-Forties, they are now selling at their fundable value. Fundaco, obs. form of Fondaco. Fundal (fzmdal), a. [f. Fund-us + -al.] Relat¬ ing to the fundus or base of an organ. 1889 J* M. Duncan Led. Dis. Worn. x. (ed. 4) 59 In¬ flammation.. of the fundus uteri, fundal endometritis. 76-2 FUNDALITY. 604 FUNDATORIAL. t FundaTity. 06 s. Feudal Law. [ad. med.L. fundalitas, f. funddlis, f. L. fundus an estate. Cf. F. fondalitl.] (See quot.) 1611 Cotgr., Fondalitc , fundalitie; right of, or interest in, the soyle; the title or estate of the Lord of a soyle. II Funda'men. 06 s. rare. [L., f. fundare to Found.] Foundation, basis. 1677 Gale Crt. Gentiles II. iv. 168 Plato makes Religion to be the principal Fundamen of a Republic. 1678 Ibid. III. 131 The fundamen of clearing God from being the Author of sin is [etc.]. Fundament (fondament). Also ffound- ment. Forms: 3-6 fond(e)-, found(e)-,funda¬ ment, (4-5 occas. in pi. -mens), 4, 7 fonda-, 5-7 foundament, 5, 7 fundamente, 4- fundament. [ME. fondement, a. OF. fondement L. funda¬ ment-urn, f. fundare (see Found v. 2 ), f. fundus bottom: see Fund si. The form fundament is directly from the Lat., and is therefore strictly a distinct word from foundment, but it is convenient to treat them together on account of the occurrence of mixed forms.] 11 . The foundation or base of a wall, building, etc. 06 s. 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 131 Lat delue vnder |h: fundement, & f>ou schalt bi ne|;e fynde A water pol. 13.. Seuyn Sag. 2112 (W.) Thai to-rent ston fram ston, The fondement to-brast anon. 1377 Langl. P. Pl. B. xix. 322 pere-with grace bigan to make a good foundement, And watteled it and walled it with his peynes & his passioun. 1426 Aude- lay Poems 23 the fondment be false, the werke most nede falle. 1481 Caxton Godfrey 248 The fondementes of it ben in the holy montaynes. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 26r Ane castell..Quhairof the fundament restis3it to se. 1558 Kennedy Conipend . Tract, in Wodr. Soc. Misc. (1844) 160 Thaye did big firmelye on that sure roke and fundament. transf. and fig. a 1300 Cursor AT. "21739 It [J?e croice] es .. Fondement of ur clergi. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Petrus 9 For-Ju cane criste apone hym lay }>e fundament of haly kirk. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xiv. 199 Elies is al owre labour loste .. if fals be \)e foundement. 1382 Wyclif Prov. viii. 29 Whan he heeng vp the foundemens of the erthe. c 1449 Pecock Repr. 438 It [Cephas] isalso a word of Sire tunge in which it is as miche to seie as fundament or ground or stable. 1521 Fisher Serin, agst. Luther Wks. (1876) 321 That grete foundament of the chirche and most stable stone. 1678 Butler Hud. in. ii. 1598 As in Bodies Natural The Rump’s the Fundament of all. + b. A surface on which to stand, footing. Obs. c 1418 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 243 Ther fete failen fonde¬ ment. + 2 .fig. — Foundation 6 . 06 s. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. iv. pr. iv. ioo (Camb. MS.) The which thing sustenyd by a stronge fowndement of resouns. 1474 Caxton Chesse 71 The first fondement of Justyce is that no man shold noye ne greue other. 1481 — Alyrr. 11. xxv. 117 The sonne is the foundement of alle hete and of alle tyme. 1533 Gau Richt Pay (1888) 27 Articulis. .as thay ar contemt in the creid quhair thay haiff thair grund and fundment prowine be the halie writ. 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) II. 105, I think it expedient, .to preche first the foundment of the Cristin faith. 1554 Knox Godly Let. Cj, The fundament and reason, why, he wil neither offer sacrefice to Idols, neither yet defyle hys mouthe with their names. 1677 Gale Crt. Gentiles II. iv. 45 There is nothing in Moralitie but has some relation to .. human nature as its subject and fundament. 3 . The lower part of the body, on which one sits ; the buttocks ; also, the orifice of the intestines, the anus. In birds, the vent. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6340 pe lu|?er j?ef. .smot him poru pe fondement. c 1340 Cursor M. 22395 (Fairf.) Alle pe fil)? of his magh salle breste out atte his fondament for drede. 1480 Caxton Citron. Eng. cxcvii. 174 He .. with a spere smote the noble knyght in to the foundament soo that his bowels comen oute there, i486 Bk. St. Albans C v, Anoynt hir fundement with Oyll. 1533 Elyot Cast. Helthe (1539) 56 b, It amendeth the affectes of. .the fundement. 1607 Top- sell Fourf. Beasts { 1658) 148 The falling of the fundament. 1656 Ridgley Pract. Pity sick 35 Cock chickens made bare at the Fundament. 1698 Sir R. Sibbald in Phil. Trans. XX. 266 He hath passed Three by the Fundament. 1727 Swift Gulliver 111. v, The orifice of the fundament. 1754 Connoisseur No. 5 T 12 Applying his foot directly to my fundament. 1871 Napheys Prev. <5* Cure Dis. 11. iv. 546 The encLmay be attained by the pressure of a warm cloth against the fundament. b. Comb., as fundament-bot (see quot.). 1836 Penny Cycl. V. 261 The CEstrus hxmorrhoidalis , or fundament-bot. 4 . (See quot.) 1894 Gould Illustr. Diet. Med. etc., Fundament, in embryology, the rudiment. t XI. 5 . The action of founding or establishing ; also, something that is founded, an institution. Obs. c 1394 P. PI. Crede 250 Our foundement was first of he o)?ere. 1513 Douglas rEneis in. i. 37 Begouth I first set wallis of a citie Allthocht my fundment was infortunate. 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) II. 6 Thay .. maid the first foundement of the nobil realme of France. Fundamental (fundamental), a. and sb. [ad. mod.L. fundamentdlis, f. fundamentum : see Fundament and -al. Cf. ¥. fondamcntal .] A. adj. + 1 . Of or pertaining to the foundation or base of a building. Obs. x6n Coryat Crudities 503 Conrade .. placed the first fundamentall stone with his owne handes. 1632 Lithgow Tiav. 111. 123 The fundamentall walls yet extant, c 1650 Z. Boyd in Zion's Fkrwers (1855) Introd. 50 Christ the fundamental stone. 1769 Middlesex Jrnl. 12-14 Sept. 2/2 Near 300/. expended in fundamental repairs [of a tavern]. f b. Having a foundation, fixed, not temporary. Obs. rare~ l . 1633 T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter i. 18 ‘ Let us build here three tabernacles’, movable tilts? No; fundamental and constant habitations. 2 . Of or pertaining to the foundation or ground¬ work, going to the root of the matter. c 1449 Pecock Repr. in. xix. 413 Aftir sure fundamental encerche. 1658 A. Fox Wurtz' Surg. \. vi. 25 The true signs, whereby you may have a fundamental information of a wounds condition. 1659 Pearson Creed (1839) 5 If there be any fundamental distinction in the authority of the testimony. 1781J. Moore View Soc. It. (1790) I. viii. 80 Before they could submit to such a fundamental change, i860 Tyndall Glac. n. i. 227 The fundamental analogy of sound and light is thus before us. 1868 M. Pattison Accident. Org. v. 120 The consideration involves the fundamental question of what is a University. 3 . Serving as the foundation or base on which something is built. Chiefly and now exclusively in immaterial applications. Hence, forming an essential or indispensable part of a system, institu¬ tion, etc. Const, to (rarely of). 1601 Shaks. AlCs Well in. i. 2 Now haue you heard The fundamentall reasons of this warre. 1641 Vind. Smec- tymnuus iv. 56 Fundamentall laws are not subject to alteration. 1649 Blithe Eng. Improv. Itnpr. (1653) 223 The Sheath and plough-head, which is the materiall funda¬ mentall peece in the Plough, must be made of heart of Oak. 1650 Fuller Pisgalt 11. xi. 235 Samson applied himself to the two pillars most fundamentall to the roof of Dagons Temple, a 1705 Howe in Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. Ixxxix. 2 Former mercies are fundamental to later ones. 1718 Prior Power 217 Their ills all built on life, that fundamental ill. 1771 Junius Lett. lix. 304 The fundamental principles of Chris¬ tianity may still be preserved. 1785 Reid Int. Powers 608 The fundamental rules of poetry and music and painting, and dramatic action, and eloquence, have always been the same, and will be to the end of the world. 1835 J. Harris Gt. Teacher (1837) 87 The existence of the Deity is a truth fundamental of every other. 1863 Geo. Eliot Romola 111. xx, The ideas of strict law and order were fundamental to all his political teaching. 1876 Mozley Univ. Serin, iv. (1877) 88 How Jow down in a man some¬ times. .lies the fundamental motive which sways his life ! b. Primary, original; from which others are derived. C1449 Pecock Repr. in. xii. 350 Noon fundamental cronicler or Storier writith therof saue Girald. 1868 Carpenter in Sci. Opin. 6 Jan. 174/2 Of the most varied shapes, apparently referrible to the Astrorhiza limicola as their fundamental type. 1874 Sayce Compar. Philol. vii. 262 In the noun the nominative was regarded as the funda¬ mental case. 1879 tr. Semper's Anim. Life 11 To show .. how such a change in the organ might be effected side by side with permanence of the fundamental form. 1881 Westcott& Hort Grit. N. T. Introd. § 15 The fundamental editions were those of Erasmus, .and of Stunica. c. esp. Math, and Cryst . 1570 Dee Math. Pref. 30 Diuide the side of your Funda¬ mentall Cube into so many aequall partes. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag . 11. 47 Therefore we will demonstrate the fundamental Diagram of the Mathematical Scale. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Fundamental Diagram, a Pro¬ jection of the Sphere in a Plane &c. 1721-92 in Bailey. 1805-17 R. Jameson Char. Alin. (ed. 3) 120 A fundamental figure is said to be acuminated when [etc.]. 1875 Everett C. G. S. Syst. Units'll. 7 The quantities commonly selected to serve as the fundamental units are—a definite length, a definite mass, a definite interval of time. 1882 Minchjn Unipl. Kinemat. 235 In virtue of the fundamental equations (2) of No. 2, we have [etc.]. 1888 Lockwoods Diet. Meclt. Engiu., Fundamental Circle or Base Circle, a curve which is rolled over by a generating circle in the production of cycloidal curves. 1893 Forsyth Th. Functions 591 There is considerable freedom of choice of an initial region of reference, which may be called a fundamental region. Ibid. 603 It is a circle being the inverse of a line ; it is unaltered by the substitutions of the new group, and it is therefore called the fundamental circle of this group. 4 . Of strata : Lying at the bottom. 1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 42 Mr. Eversman. .tells us that the fundamental rock of Scotland is a mass of the granitic kind. 1830 Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 202 The fundamental rock..is a black slate. 1861 W. Fairbairn Addr. Brit. Assoc., He has proved the existence of a fundamental gneiss, on which all the other rocks repose. 5 . Biol, and Bot . (See quots.) 1856 Henslow Diet. Bot. Tenns, Fundamental-organs, the nutritive organs absolutely essential to the existence of the individual. 1866 Treas. Bot., Fundamental, constituting the essential part of anything; in a plant, the axis and its appendages. 1882 Vines Sachs' Bot. 155 Epidermal and fundamental tissues. 1885 Syd. Soc. Lex., Fundamental organs, term applied by von Baer to the primary structures which directly issue from the blastoderm in the form of tubes, and from which the permanent organs or structures are developed. 1894 Gould Illustr . Diet. Aled., etc., Fun¬ damental Tissue, in biology, unspecialized parenchyma; those tissues of a plant through which the fibro-vascular bundles are distributed. 6. Mus. Applied to the lowest note of a chord, considered as the foundation or ‘ root ’ of it; also to the tone produced by the vibration of the whole of a sonorous body, as distinguished from the higher tones or Harmonics produced by that of its parts. Fundamental bass, a low note, or series of low notes, forming the root or roots of a chord or succession of chords. Fundamental chord, an old name for the common chord ; now extended to any chord formed of harmonics of the fundamental tone. 1752 tr. Rameau's Treat . ATus. ii. 9 Of the Fundamental Bass. Ibid. x. 28 Any one of the Notes contained in the fundamental Chords. 1825 Danneley Encycl. Mus., Funda¬ mental Alovement, progression or movement of that species of bass. Ibid., Fundamental Sound, the gravest sound or generator. 1828 Busby Mus. Alan:, Fundamental Bass, that bass on which the superincumbent harmony is founded ; or of which the superior parts of the accompanying chord constitute the third, fifth, and eighth. Ibid., Fundamental Chord, a chord consisting of the third, fifth and eighth, of the fundamental bass. 1831 Brewster Nat. Magic viii. (1833) 181 This sound is called the fundamental sound of the string. 1876 tr. Blascrna's Sound i. 18 The note is the lowest that the pipe can give, for which reason it is called the fundamental note of the pipe. 1876 Stainer & Barrett Diet. Mus. T., Fundamental tones, the tones from which harmonics are generated. 1889 E. Prout Harmony iii. § 61 Our ‘ fundamental chord ’—that is, a chord composed of the harmonics of its fundamental tone, or generator. Ibid. ix. § 197 We here meet, .with a ‘fundamental discord’. U 7 . jocularly. Of or pertaining to the funda¬ ment or 4 seat ’, posterior. 1767 A. Campbell Lexiph. (1774) 65, I lingered behind, detained by my fundamental malady. 1828 Blackw. Flag. XXIV. 184 He fixes his fundamental feature upon the outer edge of a chair. Hence Fundame’ntalness. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. B. sb. 1 . A leading or primary principle, rule, law, or article, which serves as the groundwork of a system; an essential part. Chiefly in pl .; the sing, is obs. or arch. 1637 Crt. <$■ Times Chas. I (1848) II. 263 They have composed a symbol of fundamentals, which both the Lutherans and Calvinists do hold without interfering one with another. 1641 Vind. Smectymnuus iv. 60 How then is Episcopacie one of the fundamentals of the kingdome? 1650 H. Brooke Conserv. Health 24 A Fundamentall in Physic, a 1652 J. Smith Sel. Disc. vi. v. (1821) 228 Relying upon this known fundamental, viz. That there is no prophecy revealed but by one of these two ways. 1704 Nelson Fest. <$• P'asts vii. (1739) 540 The same Apostle mentions as a Fundamental, not only.. Baptism but also the laying on of Hands. 1862 Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) IV. xxxix. 373 They permitted little deviation .. from these great fundamentals. 1864 Burton Scot Abr. I. i. 16 There is an odd tenacity of life in the fundamentals of.. legends. 1878 Morley Vauvenargucs 11 Very faint and doubtful as to even the fundamentals—God, immortality, and the like. b. pl. Fundamental requisites. ? nonce-use. 1864 E. Burritt Walk fr. Land, to John o' Groats 378 Bread, bacon, and butter. Their stock of these fundamentals was exhausted. 2 . Mus. Short for fundamental tone or note : see A. 6. (Formerly = key-note.) 1727-41 Chambers Cycl., Fundamental, in music, denotes the principal note of a song or composition, to which all the rest are in some measure adapted, and by which they are swayed. 1825 Danneley Encycl. ATus., Fundamental, the principal note or root of a harmony, concordant or dis¬ cordant. Fundamentality (fomdamentoediti). [f. prec. + -1TY.] The quality or state of being fundamental. 1721-92 Bailey, Fundamentality, the belonging to the Foundation. 1816 W. Taylor in Alonthly Rev. LXXX. 367 More of fundamentality in the research. 1840 Gladstone Ch. Princ . 301 The fundamentality of a given proposition in religion. Fundamentally (fundamental!), adv. [f. as prec. + -ly 2 .] In a fundamental manner. + 1 . From the foundation or bottom upwards, thoroughly. Obs. 1602 F. Heiukg Anat. 21 Fundamentally learne the Noble Art of Physicke. 1658 A. Fox Wurtz'' Surg. 1. iii. 7 It is undeniable, that wounds ought to be cured fundamentally, not superficially. 1662 Petty Taxes 27 Men .. cobble up old houses, until they become fundamentally irreparable. 2 . In fundamental or essential matters or points, as regards fundamentals, essentially. 1628 T. Spencer Logick 236 To conclude this point of Connext axiomes; I hope it doth now appeare, that, they are fundamentally, and indeed no other but simple. 1664 H. More ATyst. Iniq. no There can be nothing more fundamentally Antichristian than it. 1701 J. Law Counc. Trade (1751) 5 Such as fundamentally, at least understand arithmetic and accompts. 1748 Chesterf. Lett. 16 Feb. (1870) My health .. though not fundamentally bad, yet.. wanted some repairs. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 125 The simple governments are fundamentally defective. 1827 Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm. 325 Fundamentally, the process consists in [etc.]. 1880 H. James Diary of Alan of Fifty 324, I was fundamentally not the least addicted to thinking evil. U 3 . jocularly. At the fundament or 4 seat \ 1836 E. Howard R . Reefer v, Oh ! those floggings, how deceptive they were, and how much I regretted them when I came to understand the thing fundamentally. 1842 [see Dephlogisticate v. 2]. t Fundamentive, a. 06 s. rare. [f. Funda¬ ment + -ive.] Original. X S 93 Nashe Christ's T. (1613) 58 There were in Ierusalem three factions, Eleazers.. was the fundamentiue and first. + Firndative, a. 06 s. [f. L. type *fundd- ttvus, f. fundare : see Found vA and -ative.] Tending to found or originate. 1677 Gale Crt. Gentiles II. iv. 14 The Divine Bonitie .. is .. constitutive and fundative of al things. Fundatorial (fwidato^rial), cu rare. [f. L. type *funddtdri-us (see next) + -al.] Pertaining or proper to a founder. 1892 Freeman Hist. Ess. Ser. 11. xvi. 305 The Queen issues the document by virtue of her ‘ fundatorial 1 powers. FUNDATORY. 605 FUNERATE. + Fu'ndatory, a. Obs. [f. L. type *funda- torius, f. fundare : see Found vJ and -oky.] Having the function or effect of founding (an institution). 1635 Pagitt Christianogr. m. (1636) 67 The Fundatory Letters, or Statutes of the Foundation of the said Monastery. t Fundatrix. Obs. [mod.L. fundatrix, fem. of L.fundator, agent-n. f . fundare : see Found v.-] = Foundress \ 1549 Ridley in Bradford's Wks. (1853) II. 371 The fundatrix purpose was wondrous godly, her fact was godly. Funded (founded),///, a. [f. Fund v. + -ei> ).] 1 . a. Of a debt or stock : That has been made part of the permanent debt of the state, with pro¬ vision for the regular payment of interest at a fixed rate. 1776 Adam Smith If. N. v. iii. (1869) II. 522 The publick debts of Great Britain funded and unfunded. 1797 Monthly Mag. III. 199 Besides the said four funded stocks, a national bank is established at Philadelphia. 1820 Syd. Smith Blymley's Lett. Wks. 1859 II. 166/2 Iceland now supports a funded debt of about 64 millions. 1866 Crump Banking ix. 183 The permanent debt due to the Bank .. which was included in the national debt accounts as funded debt. b. Of property : Invested in ‘ the funds \ 1848 Mill Pol. Ecoti. Prelim. Remarks I. 9 Funded property therefore cannot be counted as part of the national wealth. 1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy-bk. Prop. Laiu xx. 152 In bequeathing your stock, give it generally, as all your funded property. 2. Stored up. Cf. Fund v. 2. i 84 i- 4 Emerson Ess., Manners Wks. (Bohn) I. 208 The class of power, the working heroes .. see that .. fashion is funded talent. 1888 T. W. Higginson Women $ Men xv. 77 The traditions and habits of society are to a great extent what might be called funded and accumulated good feeling. t Fu ndible, a. Obs.-° [as if ad. L. *fundi- bilis, i.fundere to pour.] That may be poured. 1775 in Ash. Fundie, var. of Found vf> (In quot. trans. — to benumb.) 159 1 Jas. I. tr. Du Bartas' Furies 240 The Moone doth deaze and/undie him, Her brother rosts him quite. Funding (fo'ndiq), vbl. sb. [f. Fund v. + -ing 1.] The action of the vb. Fund (sense 1); conversion of a floating debt into a permanent one. 1776 Adam Smith W. N. v. iii. (1869) II. 521 We had recourse to the ruinous expedient of perpetual funding. 1792 A. Young Trav. France 517 It remains a subject of infinite curiosity, to see how far the infatuated and blind spirit of funding will now be pursued. 1845 McCulloch Taxation iii. ii. (1852) 447 Funding is now effected in France as in England, by granting interminable annuities redeemable at pleasure. attrib. 1790 M. Cutler in Life Jrnls. Ohs. 1784 Twamley Dairying n [Faults in Cheese] Sweet or Funkey Cheese. Ibid. 30 A means of preventing Sweet, or Funkey Cheese. Funnel (fo'nel), sb. 1 Forms: 5 fonel(le, 6-7 funell, 6-8 funnell, (6 fonnell, funnelle), 7- funnel. [ME .fonel (15th c.; a supposed earlier example belongs to Funel, rope), app. a. OF. *founil (whence Breton f 0111111 ). Mod. Pr. dialects have founil , enfounilh , which are probably cor¬ rupted adoptions of L. infundibulum , f. inf undere to pour in (the Lat. word may have been familiar from its use in pharmacy); the unrecorded OF. form, and the Sp.fonil, Vg.funil , may be adoptions from Pr.] 1 . A cone-shaped vessel usually fitted at the apex with a short tube, by means of which a liquid, powder, or the like, may be conducted through a small opening. 1402-3 DurJu MS. Aim. Roll., j funell. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhodeiu. xxxvii. (1869) 155 A gret old oon .. fat a foul sak, deep and perced, heeld with hire teeth, and hadde with inne it a fonelle [F. entonnour], c 1440 Promp. Parv. 170/1 Fonel, or tonowre, fusorium. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. xii. 20 The parfume .. taken into the mouth through the pipe of a funnell, or tunnell. 1630 B. Jonson New Inn 1. i, With a funnel, I make shift to fill The narrow vessel. 1739 ‘ R. Bull ’ tr. Dedekindus ’ Grobianus 202 To ev’ry Mouth by Turns the Funnel guide, Let Streams of Wine, thro’ pewter Channels, glide. 1799 G. Smith Labo¬ ratory I. 179 Make a paper funnel, and put it in the hole of the globe. 1854 Ronalds & Richardson Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 221 The whole fire-box is then filled up with fuel by means of a funnel. 1866 Rogers Agric. 4 - Prices I. xxi. 549 The juice being poured into the tun by means of a funnel. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. 49 A circular metallic funnel for catching the rain, and a vessel for storing it. Jig. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 228 P 2 The Inquisitive are the Funnels of Conversation .. They are the Channels through which all the Good and Evil that is spoken in Town are conveyed. 1886 Pall Mall G. 3 June 2/1 If they .. become the ‘ animated funnels ’ of the executives of their associations. 1890 Spectator 16 Aug., The funnel through which legislation can trickle down to the country is. .nearly blocked up. b. spec, in Casting. The hole through which the metal is poured into a mould. Cf. Gate, Ingate, Tedge. 1874 in Knight Diet. Mech. I. 925/1. c. Anat. and Zool. A funnel-shaped organ or limb ; an infundibulum. 1712 Blackmore Creation vi. 493 Some [muscles] the long Funnel’s curious Mouth extend Thro’ which ingested Meats with Ease descend. 1839 Johnston in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club I. No. 7. 200 Funnel [of cuttle-fish] white. 1841-71 T. R. Jones A mm. Kingd. (ed. 4) 623 The surrounding element being alternately drawn into the branchial cavity . .and again expelled in powerful streams through the orifice of the funnel. 2 . A tube or shaft for lighting or ventilating pur¬ poses ; also, the metal chimney of an engine, steam¬ boat, etc. + Formerly also, the soil-pipe of a privy. 1555 Eden Decades 333 A funell or trunke of woodde or such other open instrument wherby the ayer maye be conueyed into the caue. 1612 Sturtevant Metallica xiii. 92 Priuy Funnels or Vaults may also bee made by the Press- ware Art so close and so sweete that there can no annoyance or vnsauory smels euapoure out.. Many houses, .are much annoyed by the leaking and sincking through the funnels of Brick. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India 4- P. 39 Admitting neither Light nor Air, more than what the Lamps, always burning, are by open Funnels above suffered to ventilate. 1701 Luttrell Brief Ret. (1857) V. 36 Sir Christopher Wren has made this day 4 funnells on the top of the house of commons, to lett out the heat, in case they sitt in the summer. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 11. xv. The funnel to carry the smoke. 1748 Anson’s Yoy. xu. viii. (ed. 4) 506 These funnels served to communicate the air to the hold. 1773 Gentl. Mag. XLIII. 480/2 There are..eight funnels for letting out the steam through windows. 1833 Marryat P. Simple xxix, Mr. Chucks slapped his fist against the funnel. 1839 R. S. Robinson Naut. Steam Eng. 127 The chimney, or funnel, is made of sheet iron, and rivetted on to the uptake. 1868 Lessons Mid. Age 315 All this while the steam has been fiercely chafing through the funnel. b. The flue of a chimney, somewhat resembling an inverted funnel (see quot. 1859). 1688 J. Clayton in Phil. Trans. XVII. 787 The Funnel of the Chimney. 1715 Desaguliers Fires Impr. 51 The outward Hole of the Funnel ought to be small, always less than the Bore of the Funnel. 1859 Gwilt Archil, (ed. 4) 949 The cavity or hollow [of a chimney] from the fireplace to the top of the room is called the funnel. 3 . Applied to a funnel-shaped opening, shaft, or channel in rocks, etc. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 102 The sides of the funnel are actually often burst with the great violence of the flame. 1791 W. Bartram Carolina 246 The ground., presenting to view, those funnels, sinks and wells in groups of rocks..as already recited. 1812 Brackenridge Views Louisiana (1814) 106 1 ’he number of funnels, or sink holes, formed by the washing of the earth into fissures of the lime¬ stone rock. 1836 W. Irving Astoria II. 137 A narrow gap or funnel in the mountains through which the river forces its way between perpendicular precipices. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bkFunnel, the excavation formed by the explosion of a mine. 1869 Phillips Vesuv. iv. 105 The crater now became a funnel which was accessible to the bottom. 4 . Applied to anything of conical shape with an extension at the apex. 187X Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (1879) I. iv. 108 This [cloud] gradually changed into a filmy funnel, from the narrow end of which the ‘ cord ’ extended to the cloud in advance. 1897 Hall Caine Christian x, He lay back, sent funnels of smoke to the ceiling. 5 . A cylindrical band of metal; esp. that fitted on to the head of the topgallant and royal masts, to which the rigging is attached. 1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy. n. (1711)161 The Wooden Stick is fastened within the Iron Colleror Funnel of the Harpoon, with Packthread wound all about, c i860 H. Stuart Sea¬ man s Catech. 74 The head is round to receive the funnel. 1882 Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 31 The rigging of a royal mast, topgallant mast and topmast, is placed upon a copper funnel fitting the mast head. 6. A channel, leading from a pond, over which a net is spread forming a ‘ pipe *, broad at the mouth but narrowing to a point, into which wild fowl are decoyed. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VI. 138 This little animal [dog]..keeps playing among the reeds, nearer and nearer the funnel, till they [wild fowl] follow him too far to recede. 7. alt rib. and Comb. : a. simple attrib., as funnel- pipe , tube ; similative, as funnel-fashioned, formed , - like , adjs.; funnel-wise adv. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Supp., * Funnelfashioned flowers. 1831 T. L. Peacock Crotchet Castle xviii. (1887) 176 The smoke was caught and carried back under a Tunnel-formed canopy into a hollow central pillar. 1836-9 Todd Cycl. Anat. II. 757/2 The fibrous *funnel-like sheath. 1846 Daily Neius 21 Jan. 6/5 Narrow, up-hill, funnel-like streets. 1827 Fara¬ day Chem. Manip. 13 A piece of Tunnel-pipe fitted loosely into the hole. 1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 231 Through one aperture in the cork passes the Tunnel tube. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop xviii, The landlord, .applied him¬ self to warm the same in a small tin-vessel shaped "Tunnel- wise. b. Special comb., as funnel-casing(s (see quot. 1883); funnel-form = funnel-shaped; funnel- hood. (see quot.) ; funnel-net, the net of a funnel (sense 6) ; funnel polype (see quot.) ; funnel- shaped a., shaped like a funnel, infundibuliform, esp. in Bat .; funnel-stays (see quot.); funnel-top (see quot.). 1877 W. Thomson Voy. Challenger I. i. 18 An excellent drying-room has been discovered in a space in the ^funnel- casings. 1883 W. C. Russell Sailors Lang., Funnel¬ casing , a portion of the funnel of a steamer extending from the smoke-box to some distance upwards. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. vi. § 5. 249 Infundibuliform, or *Funnel- form, such as the corolla of common Morning-Glory, de¬ notes a tube gradually enlarged upwards from a narrow base into an expanding border or limb. 1883 W. C. Russell Sailors Lang., * Funnel-hood , a projected portion of or protection to the funnel, raised some feet above the deck. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VI. 138 The decoy- ducks never enter the Tunnel-net with the rest. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Supp. s. v. Polype, The Tunnel polype' nearly resembles a funnel, from which it has its name. Ibid., Infundibuliform. .There are properly two species of the Tunnel-shaped flowers. 1823 J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 147 Over this a kind of funnel-shaped supplier is to be made fast, i860 W. G. Clark Vac. Tour 77 The surface is honeycombed throughout with circular, funnel-shaped holes. 1846 Young Naut. Did. s. v. Funnel, This [funnel] is secured by ropes or chains, called the Tunnel-stays, leading from eye-plates near the top of the funnel to the ship’s sides. 1854 Mayne Exp. Lex., * Funnel-Top, common name for the genus Peziza. Hence + Funnel v. a. intr. of smoke: to issue out or rise up in a funnel-shaped cloud ; b. trans. to feed with a funnel. Fu’nnelled ppl. a., funnel-shaped ; also fig. ; in Bot. infundibuliform. 1594 Nashe Unfort. Trav. Wks. (Grosart) V. 125 Before a gun is shot off, a stinking smoake funnels out. 1596 — Saffron Walden 102 A dampe (like the smoake of a Cannon) ..would strugglingly funnell vp. 1739 ‘ R. Bull’ tr. Dede¬ kindus' Grobianus 202 To ev’ry Mouth by Turns the Funnel guide, Let Streams of Wine, thro’ pewter Channels, glide FUNNEL. 609 FUR. Adown the Throats .. [Note] Whenever this Comedy is represented, the Gentlemen of the upper Gallery are ex¬ ceedingly delighted with seeing Teague funnel Obadiah. x 793 W. Roberts Looker-o?i No. 67 p 14 The auditory pas¬ sage was extremely narrow, and not funnelled as in other subjects. 1849 Florist 194 [A pelargonium] too funnelled, and the blotch on upper petals not even. 1883 D. Pidgeon in Nature 23 June, The double funneled stem of whirling mist [of a waterspout]. 1894 Blackmore Ferlycross 130 Quiver¬ ing to the swell of funneled uproar. Funnel (fo*nel), sbf dial . Also fummel. (See quots.; the form fummel seems of doubtful genuineness.) 1835 Booth Analyt. Diet. 323 The Little Mule, or Hinny . .the produce of a Stallion and a She-ass.. In some counties, it is called a Fummel. 1847 Halliwbll, Funnel , a mare mule produced by an ass covered by a horse. Line. 1866 Brogden Line. Gloss., Funnel, a mule whose sire is an ass. Funniment (ferniment). jocular . [f. Funny a. + -ment. Cf. merriment .] Drollery, humour ; also, a joke, a comicality. 1845 Alb. Smith Fort. Scattcrg. Fain. xix. (1887) 65 His first funniment took place amongst the macaws. 1861 Mayhew Loud. Labour III. 138 A man with heaps of funniment and plenty of talk. 1878 E. Yates Wrecked in Port xxviii. 319 I’ll take care to repay you that little funni¬ ment on the first convenient opportunity. Funny (fo*ni), sb. [perh. f. next adj.] A narrow, clinker-built pleasure-boat for a pair of sculls. Also loosely, any light boat. 1799 Caldron or Follies Comb . 9 While others woo The well-oar’d funney or the slim canoo. 1808 Ann. Reg. 109 A young couple .. took a sail in a funny off Fulham. 1843 Atkinson in Zoologist I. 293, I was in a ‘ funny ’—as the small boats at Cambridge are called. 1870 Dasent Annals Eventful Life (ed. 4) I. 140 The funnies, cutters, wherries., that thronged the river daily. Funny (fo*ni), a. [f. Fun sb. + -yF] 1 . Affording fun, mirth-producing, comical, face¬ tious. 1756 Toldervy Two Orphans II. 151 Tom Heartley and Richmond said a great many funny things. 1762 Foote Orators 1. i, Is it damn’d funny and comical ? 1787 Burns Halloween xxviii, Unco tales, an’ funnie jokes. 1827 De Quincey Murder Wks. 1862 IV. 22 He became very sociable and funny. 1849 Thackeray Pendennis xiii, Popping in his little funny head. absol. 1820 Praed Eve of Battle 297 A mixture of the grave and funny. 2 . Curious, queer, odd, strange, colloq. 1806 Metcalfe in Owen Wellesley's Desp. 809 This study to decrease our influence is funny. I cannot understand it. 1838 James Robber i, That was a funny slip of mine. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xix, ‘What funny things you are makingI’m trying to write to my poor old woman.’ 1855 Ld. Houghton in Life (1891) I. xi. 527 Lady Ellesmere was very funny about Mrs. Gaskell, wanting very much to see her, and yet quite shy about it. 1889 N. W. Line. Gloss, (ed. 2) s.v., ‘ To keap fun'rals waaitin’ time efter time is a straange funny waay for a parson to go on.’ + 3 . slang. Tipsy. Ohs. 1756 Toldervy Two Orphans I. 62 More brandy was drank, and, Tom Throw beginning to be what is called funny, the house was full of uproar and confusion. 4 . Comb., as funny-looking adj.; funny-bone, the popular name for that part of the elbow over which the ulnar nerve passes, from the peculiar sensation experienced when it is struck; funny¬ man, a professional jester. 1840 Barham Ingol. Leg., Bloudie Jacke , And they smack, and they thwack, Till your 4 Tunny bones’ crack. 1867 Pall Mall G. 30 Jan. 4 It is like rapping a man .. over the funny-bone. 1881 Blackmore Christowell xv, Even the fiddlers three, .worked their funny-bones more gently. 1895 M. E. Francis Frieze <$• Fustian 283 ‘Yon’s a Tunny- lookin’ lass. Let’s chase her ! ’ 1861 Mayhew Lond. Labour III. 119 What I’ve earn’d as clown, or the Tunnyman, with a party of acrobats. Hence runnily adv., in a funny manner; Funni- ness, the quality or state of being funny; a funny saying or joke. Also Fu*nnyism nonce-wd., a joke. 1814 Lady Granville Lett. 18 Nov. (1894) I. 51 [He] says she.. talks so funnily and sweetly. 1839 Caroline Fox Mem. Old Friends (1882) 37 His stories and funnyisms of all descriptions. 1856 Ld. Cockburn Mem. 317 note, It was funnily done; which was not always the case, for it was often with bitter gravity. 1857 Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. I. xi. 57, I did hear one or two members, .make a kind of school-boy titter at the funniness of a man’s not being seconded. 1865 Daily Tel. 8 Dec.4/6 Marching .. to the sound of their own .. irrepressible funninesses. 1882 J. Brown Horae Subs. Ser. in. 35 A man .. whose absolute levity and funniness became ponderous. Funny (fo*ni), v. Sc. [mod. form of fundy , Found vJF\ intr. To become stiff with cold, to be benumbed. Hence Fu-nnied ppl. a. 1721 Kelly Sc. Prov. 52 An eating Horse never funnied. 1785 Jrnl. fr. Lond. 3 in Poems Buchan Dial., The wile limmer was sae dozen’d an’ funied wi’ cauld. 1845 Whistle- Binkie (Scot. Songs) Ser. hi. (1890) I. 418 The funneit tod cam forth. Funster (fomstoi). jocular, [f. Fun sb. + -ster after Punster.] One who makes fun. 1887 Through the Long Day I. 23^ Punster is universally recognised as a permissible and legitimate word, and why not ‘ funster ’ ? 1892 Dram. Opin. 13 Jan. 3/1 The greatest punster since Hood, and greatest funster of his age. Fuor, mistake for, or var. Fur sb. 1 (sense 7). 1858-9 Weale Diet. A rch. (ed. 2) Fuor, among carpenters, apiece nailed upon a rafter to strengthen it when decayed. Fur (fz>i), sbA Forms: 4-7 furre, 7-9 furr, 8 fir, 6- fur. [f. Fur v. Vol. IV. The OF .forre,fuerre, sheath, case, is commonly given as the immediate source; but it does not appear to have had the sense of the Eng. sb., though the derived vb. fom m er (mod.F. fourrer), originally to encase, developed the sense ‘ to line’, and ‘ to line or trim with fur.' The Fr. word for fur is fourrure (OF. forrure)'. see Furrure.] 1 . A trimming or lining for a garment, made of the dressed coat of certain animals (as the ermine, beaver, etc.: see 2 ); hence, the coat of such animals as a material for trimmings, linings, or entire garments (worn either for warmth or for ornament). Also a garment made of, or trimmed or lined with, this material; now chiefly pi. , exc. as denoting a piece of fur to be worn about the neck. 'la 1366 Chaucer Rom. Rose 228 A burnet cote. .Furred with no menivere, But with a furre rough of here, Of lambe- skinnes. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 401 pei schal were no manere furres. 1418 E. E. Wills (1882) 34, I be- quethe .. my flurre of Calabre. c 1460 Tcrwnelcy Myst. (Surtees) 163 Thay are so gay in furrys fyne. 1551 in Sti-ype Eccl. Mem. (1721) II. xxxiii. 539 A fur of black Irish lamb. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. 11. iii, Thou wrapt in furres.. Forbidst the frozen zone to shudder. 1681 Wood Life (O. H. S.) II 525 Blak gownes, fac’d with furr. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) II. 231 The inhabitants go . .cloathed in furs or feathers. 1814 Scott Ld. of Isles 11. vi, The costly furs That erst had deck’d their caps were torn. 1886 Hall Caine Son of Hagar 11. xvi, Greta had returned to the parlour, muffled in furs. fig. 1621 Molle Camerar. Liv. Libr. v. xiv. 374 Ill will, envie, grudgings, the right linings and furres of the soule. b. worn as a mark of office or state, and as a badge of certain degrees at the Universities. 1634 Milton Comus 707 Those budge doctors of the Stoic fur. 1675 Otway Alcibiades 1. i, Heavy Gown-men clad in formal Furrs. 1729 Waterland Let. Wks. 1823 X. 320 The picture of Sir William Cecil, .in his gown and furs, a 1763 Shenstone Economy 1. 148 And add strange wisdom to the furs of Pow’r. 2 . The short, fine, soft hair of certain animals (as the sable, ermine, beaver, otter, bear, etc.) growing thick upon the skin, and distinguished from the ordinary hair, which is longer and coarser. Formerly also, f the wool of sheep. c 1430 Lydg. Hors, Shepe $ G. 49 in Pol. Rel. L. Poems 16 The shepe.. berythe furres blake and whyte. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. Sept. 165 Thy Ball is a bold bigge curre, And could make a iolly hole in theyr furre. 1608 Shaks. Lear in. i. 14 (Qo. 1) This night, wherin..The Lyon, and the belly pinched Wolfe Keepe their furre dry. 1732 Pope Ess. Man 1. 176 To want the strength of Bulls, the fur of Bears. 1748 F. Smith Voy. Disc. I. 189 Leave the Hair on Skins, where the Fleece or Fir is soft and warm, as Beaver, Otter, &c. 1812 J Smyth Pract. Customs (1821) 310 Coney Wool, or Rabbits’ Fur. .principally used by Hatters. 1847 Longf. Ev. 1. ii. 10 Cold would the winter be, for thick was the fur of the foxes. 1868 Darwin Aninj. PI. I. i. 46 All the cats are covered with short stiff hair instead of fur. b. Jig. in phr. to stroke the fur the wrong way (i. e. to cause irritation) ; to make the fur Jly (U.S. slang: see quot.). 1848 Bartlett Diet. Amer., To make the fur fly. To claw ; scratch ; wound severely. Used figuratively. 1870 Miss Bridgman Ro. Lynne I. vii. 100 He stroked all the fur the wrong way. 1888 Denver Republican 29 Feb. (Farmer), 4 Wait until the National Committee assembles .. and you will see the fur fly from the Cleveland hide ’. 3 . pi. Skins of such animals with the fur on them. 1555 Eden Decades 214 In this lande are many excellent furres as marterns, sables, c 1645 Howell Lett. (1655) I. vi. iii. 9, I shall be carefull to bring with me those Furres, I had instructions for. 1748 F. Smith Voy. Disc. I. 156 The Skins of those Beasts, which are killed in Winter being only of Value, and what we call Firs. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth xxvii, This his old host and friend, with whom he had transacted many bargains for hides and furs. 1836 W. Irving Astoria III. 168 Mr. Clarke accordingly packed all his furs on twenty-eight horses. 4 . Her. A tincture representing tufts upon a plain ground, or patches of different colours supposed to be sewn together. The eight principal furs are ermine, ermines, erminois, pean, vair, countervair, potent, and counterpotent. 1610 Guillim Heraldry 1. iv. (1660) 20 Furres (used in Armes) are taken for the Skins of certain beasts stripped from the bodies and artificially trimmed for the furring, doubling, or lining of Robes and Garments. 1708 [see Doubling vbl. sb. 2]. 1725 Bradley Fam. Diet., Furs, in Heraldry are used in the Doublings of Mantles pertaining to a Coat of Arms, and sometimes to the Coat it self: They are usually of two Colours. 1766 [see Double v. 6 a]. 1882 Cussans Her. iii. (ed. 3) 55 Furs are known by the name of Doublings, when used in the linings of mantles; but when coming under the denomination of Tinctures, they are called each by their respective name. 5 . collect . Furred animals. Also in phrase fur andfeather. See Feather sb. 4. 1827 Pollok Course T. v. 1025 Hunted thence the fur To Labrador. 1875 * Stonehenge ’ Brit. Sports 1.1. vii. § 7. 106 They will readily hunt fur when nothing else is to be had. 1884 V/. James's Gaz. 7 Aug. 4/2 Farmers, .find it somewhat difficult to carry on their coursing meetings because of the scarcity of fur. 6. Applied to something resembling fur or adher¬ ing to a surface like fur; e. g. a coat or crust of mould, of deposit from wine, etc. 1843 Lever J. Hinton vi. (1878) 38 The ill-omened fur one sees on an antiquated apple-pie. 1852 Mrs. C. Meredith Home in Tasmania I. ix. 134 Projecting ridges [in shells], fringed beneath like the fur of a mushroom. 1855 Dickens Dorr it 1. v, Empty wine-bottles with fur and fungus choking up their throats. 1864 Webster, Fur. .the soft, downy covering on the skin of a peach. 1877 Black Green Past. xix, Covered the thick top-coats of the two men with a fur of wet. b. esp. A coating formed on the tongue in certain diseased conditions of the body. 1693 Dryden tr. Persiris iii. 172 My Pulse unequal, and my Breath is strong; Besides, a filthy Furr upon my Tongue. 1783 S. Chapman in Med. Commun. I. 277 Her tongue had a whitish fur on it. 1801 Med. Jrnl. V. 508 Her tongue, teeth, and lips were covered with a black fur. 1849-52 Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 1139/2 Variation in the quantity of fur on the tongue from day to day. c. A coating or crust formed by the deposit of carbonate of lime on the interior surface of a kettle, boiler, etc. 1805 W. Saunders Min. Waters 38 Boiling, .drives off the excess of carbonic acid, and thus causes the chalk to be precipitated; hence the earthy crust, or furr, on kettles. 1837 Mech. Mag XXVIII. 96 An invention for dissolving the ‘ fur ’ which collects in kettles and boilers. 1865 Pcell Mall G. 7 July 7/2 For the purpose of removing the fur from the steam boiler. 7 . Carpentry. (See quot.) Cf. Furring vbl. sb. 3 b, Fuk v. 6. 1703 T. N. City $ C. Purchaser 146 When Rafters are.. sunk hollow in the middle, and pieces (cut thickest in the middle, and to a point at each end) are nail’d upon them to make them straight again..those pieces so put on are call’d Furrs. [1858 9 : see Fuor.] II. attrib. and Comb. 8. attrib. or as adj. Made of fur. 1597 Skene De Verb. Sign. s. v. Bullion, Ilk serplaith of furfelles, con. 4000. iiij. ounce. 1713 Warder 'True A mazons 58 A Velvet Cape or Fur Gorget about her Shoulders. 1792 Descript. Kentucky 49 Fur-muft's and tippets. 1884 Chamb. Jrnl. 5 Jan. 10/1The dogs, .should then be protected by fur- boots. 1885 Girl's Own Paper Jan. 202/1 Fur balls, fur fringe, and fur tails seem the most usual finish on all mantles. 9 . General comb., as far trade,-trader \ objective, as fur-dressing vbl. sb.; instrumental, as fur-clad, -lined, - trimmed , -wrought ppl. adjs.; parasyn- thetic, as far-capped, -collared, -cuffed, -gowned ppl. adjs. 1887 J. A. Sterry Lazy Minstr. (1892) 68 Here comes a stout, *fur-capped Mossoo. 1784 Cowper Task v. 129 Imperial mistress of the *fur-clad Russ ! 1842 Macaulay Lays, Proph. Capys xxxi, Where fur-clad hunters wander Amidst the northern ice. 1856 Lever Martins of Cro'M. 136 A grey cloth spencer being drawn over his coat, * fur- collared and cuffed. 1888 Daily News 21 Sept. 7/2 A *fur- dressing patent. 1757 J. G. Cooper Apol. A ristippus iii. 160 The .. *fur-gown’d Pedants’ bookish Rules. 1886 W. J. Tucker E. Europe 202 He muffled himself in his *fur-lined cloak. 1837 W. Irving Capt. Bonneville I. 42 People connected with the *fur trade. 1848 Thoreau Maine W. (1894) 14 One small leaden bullet, and some colored beads, the last to be referred, perhaps, to early *fur-trader days. i860 G. A. Spottiswoodf. Vac. Tour 98 Long, straight, *fur-trimmed coats. 1731 Gay Rur. Sports i. 270 Let me, less cruel, cast the feather’d hook..And with the *fur- wrought fly delude the prey. 10 . Special comb.: + fur-man slang (see quot.) ; fur-puller (see quot.) ; so fur-pulling vbl. sb.; fur seal, the seal which affords the valuable fur known as seal-skin. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, * Fur-men, Aldermen, 1725 in New Cant. Diet. 1891 Labour Commission Gloss., *Fur-pidlers, those who scrape the loose down off rabbit and other skins, and do various minor parts of fur-making. 1886 Daily News 13 Dec. 5/5 A widow, working at *fur pulling. 1775 Clayton in Phil. Trans. LXVI. 102 The *furr seal has its name from its coat, which is a fine soft furr, and is thinner skinned than any of the others. 1883 Fisheries E-vhib.. Catal. (ed. 4) 191 Group of Fur Seals, .stuffed Ribbon Seal..cast of Harbour Seal. Fur, si. 2 ? Ofis. [?Cf. OF. for re sheath, case.] = Box sb.' 2 16. 1740 Lond. Mag. 382/1 While a Wheel is turning round once, all the Parts of the Fur or Box in the Nave, rub against the Axletree. .The Furor Box in the hinder Wheels, is no bigger than the Fur or Box in the fore Wheels. Now, if the hind Wheels be as high again as the fore ones, .the rubbing round the Fur or Box in the hind Wheels, will carry the Load twice as far as the fore Wheels. Fur, sb . 3 dial. Also 5 fyre, firre (fyir, fyyre), 6 fyrre, furre, 9 furr. [See Fueze.] = Furze. Chiefly in Comb., as fur-bill, -bush {-busk), -stack ; fur chuck, the bird furze-chat. 1440 Prottip. Parv. 162/1 Fyyre, sharpe brusche (K. firre, whynne, P. fyir or qwynne), saliunca. c 1540 R. Morice in Lett.Lit. Men (Camden) 24 A gentilman.. toke a fyrre bushe on. .a pitche-fork, and being all sett on fyer thruste it into his moth. 1562 W. Bulleyn Bk. Simples 69 a, The Brome and the Whin or Furre bushe. 1606 Bryskett Civ. Life 22 He that shooteth at a starre, aimeth higher then he that shooteth at a furbush. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. II. 13 We are guarding the place now with duck-guns, fur-bills, and other spears. 1885 Swainson Prov. Names Birds 11 Whinchat ( Pratincola rubetra) .. Furr chuck (Norfolk). 1889 N. W. Line. Gloss., Fur-bill, a bill-hook : perhaps a furze-bill. Fur-busk, a bush of gorse. Fur-stack , a stack of gorse. Fur (ffii), v. [a. OF .forre-r {vc\o<\.Y. fourrer) to line, envelop, encase, sheathe, = Sp., Vg.forrar, It. foderare, a Com. Rom. vb. f. *fod(e)ro case, sheath (O V.faerre,forre, Sp., Vg.forro, It. fodero), a. Teut. *f6dro- (Goth, fodr , OE. fSddor, OHG. faotar , mod.Ger .fatter). In all senses exc. 6 and 7 the Eng. vb. is closely connected with Fur sb . 1 , of FURCATE. FURACIOUS. which it is commonly apprehended as a derivative. Cf. Fother v.] 1 . trans. To line, trim, or cover (a garment) with fur. 13.. K. Alts. 5474 The kyng dude of his robe, furred with meneuere. la 1366 [see Fur sb. 1 i], a 1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 30 Y wolle furre her gowne, coleres, sleues, and cotes, the here outwarde. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon xlviii. 160 They gaue her .. a mantell furryd with ermyns. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. I. 98 The rich Tartars sometimes fur their gowns with pelluce or silke shag. 1696 tr. Du Mont's Voy. Levant 266 In Winter ’tis furr’d with a Skin, call’d Saviour. 1841 Motley Corr. (1889) I. iv. 73 A pair of fur boots (furred on both sides). 1842 H. Ainsworth Tower Lond. 11. i, A robe of violet-coloured velvet, furred with powdered ermine. Jig. 1648 Gage West Ind. xiv. 96 A Supper, that should strongly support our empty stomacks, and furre and line them well for the next foure and twenty houres. b. To serve as a lining or trimming for. 1576TURBERV. Vetierie 198 His [Raynard’s] case will serue to fur the Cape of Master huntsmans gowne. 1631 T. Powell Tpm All Trades 165 As many Fox-skins as will furre his Long-lane gowne. 2 . To clothe or adorn (a person') with fur. ? 1370 Robt. Cicyle 56 The aungelle.. clad them alle in clothys of pryse, And furryd them with armyne. a 1450 Knt. de la Tour( 1868) 30 She shalle be beter purfiled and furred thanne other ladies and gentille women, a 1533 Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) I j, I am furred with the furres that thou hast sent me. 1812 Examiner 12 Oct. 652/2 So to ribband, to fur, to tassel, and to fringe .. men is .. degrading their humanity. 1815 Scott Guy M. xx, Miss Mannering was furred and mantled up to the throat. 1886 Tinsley's Mag. July 49 It was the 29th May .. and still the fair were furred. b. pass. Of an animal or his skin: To be covered with fur. Also Jig. 1651 Fuller s A bel Rediv., J. Fox 383 Rare Fox (well furr’d with patience). 1823 Scoresby Whale Fishery 109 The skin which was very white, and well furred. 3 . To coat or cover with fur or morbid matter. To fur up : to stop up or ‘ clog 9 with this. 1593 Nashe Christ's T. 31a, Her Alablaster walls were all furred and fome-painted, with the bespraying of mens braines. 1601 ? Marston Pasquil <$- Kath. 1. 34 Yee shall haue me an emptie caske that’s furd With nought but barmie froth. 1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 354 A rejected Sordes of the blood, which furs up the Orifices. 1700 Addison Eneid hi. Misc. Wks. 1726 I. 60 The walls On all sides furr’d with mouldy damps. 1792 S. Ireland Views Thames II. 89 This water has the property of not furring any vessel it is boiled in. 1839 Stonehouse Axholme 25 It [the water] .. furs every thing in which it is kept. 1863 Tyndall Heat xi. 375 The surface of the vessel .. is now white-furred all over with hoar-frost. Jig. 1641 Milton Animadv. (1851) 220 We. .after all these spirituall preparatives, and purgations have our earthly apprehensions so clamm’d and furr’d with the old levin. 1684 J. Lacy Sir H. Bujfoon iv. iii, Thy love to her is furred all over like a sick man’s tongue. 1863 Hants. ( Otterboum ) Dial., One can’t do nothing, one’s so furred up with things. 4 . inir. To become furred or coated with morbid matter. Also, to collect as fur. To fur up : to become ‘ clogged ’ with fur. 1550 Becon Fortr. FaiihJ. Prol. Avijb, Nowadayes y° archedecons aske not for y° pore, .but whether y 3 hosts be wel kept in y° pyxe from moulding & furring. 1601 Hol¬ land Pliny II. 520 Take it forth, and scrape from it the mouldinesse or vinewing that doth furre or gather about it. 1615 Crooke Body oj Man 401 A little skill to cleere and dresse the wheeles may keepe this watch of his life [the heart] in motion, which otherwise will furre vp and stand in his dissolution. 1648 Herrick Hesper., Upon Glasco (1869) 46 Teeth .. Which though they furre, will neither ake or rot. 1649 Blithe Eng. Imjtrov. Impr. (1653) 71 The better will they [Spades] rid off work by far. .and not fur and clog with Earth, a 1706 E. Baynard Health (1740) 6 For too much Meat the Bowels fur. 1743 Lond. <$• Country Brew. 111. (ed. 2) 245 Their rough Inside, that is sooner apt to furr, taint and leak. Mod. This kettle soon furs. + b. To fur up : to become fluffy. Obs. 1825 J. Nicholson Operai. Mechanic 395 The thread is slightly twisted, in order to enable it to bear the action of the hot liquor without the fibres separating or furring up. 5 . trails. To clean off the fur of (a boiler). 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bh ., Furring the boilers , in a steamer, cleaning off the incrustation or sediment which forms on their inner surfaces. 6. Carpentry. To fix strips of wood to (floor- timbers, rafters, etc.) in order to bring them to a level, or to the required surface. Also with off. (Cf. For sbP 7.) 1678, 1703, 1823 [Implied in Furring vbl. sb. 3 b], 1842 Gwilt Archil. 977 The timbers of a floor, though level at first, oftentimes require to be furred. 1852 l’. Nicholson's Encycl. Archil. I. 436. 1891 Scribner's Mag. Sept. 312/1 Some sod walls are furred off, lathed, and plastered. 117 . (? nonce-use after F .fourrer). To foist or thrust in. 1592 Bacon Disc, in Praise of Sovereign in Sped ding Life I. 134 But only by furring in audacious persons into sundry governments. Fur, obs. or dial. f. Fak, Fir, Fire, Furrow. Furacious (fiur^i-Jas), a. Now pedantic or humorous, [f. L. furdci- (nom. furax), f. furdrX to steal + -0U8.] Given to thieving, thievish. 1676 in Coles. 1702 C. Mather Magn. Chr. 11. App. (1852) 194 There could be no stop given to his furacious exorbi- tancies any way hut one. 1831 Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) I. 393 How like is man in one place, to man every¬ where ; equally prosing, fraudulent, and furacious. 1842 De 610 Quincey Pagan Oracles Wks. VIII. 208 note, Greece was viendax, edax,furax (mendacious, edacious, furacious). Hence Fnra’ciousness, Fura’city, the quality of being furacious ; inclination or tendency to steal. 1623-6 Cockeram, Furacity. 1644 Bulwer Chirol. 134 In their way of Hieroglyphique when they figured furacity or theft by a light fingered left hand. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Furaciousness. 1790 Umfreville Hudson's Bay 36 They [Indians] glory in every species of furacity and artifice. Furbelow (iv'ibfio), sb. Forms: 7-8 fur- belo(e,8 furbellow, (forbulo, forbuloe), S- fur¬ below. [An alteration of Falbala.] 1 . A piece of stuff pleated and puckered on a gown or petticoat; a flounce; the pleated border of a petti¬ coat or gown. Now often in pi. as a contemptuous term for showy ornaments or trimming, esp. in a lady’s dress. 1706 Mrs. Centlivre Basset Table iv. H2b, Lady Revel .. Discovers a purse in the Furbeloes of her Apron, c 1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 15 Their peticoates silke y l were with furbellows one above another with Ribons. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 15 r 4 A Furbelow of precious Stones, an Hat buttoned with a Diamond. 1760 C. Johnston Chrysal (1822) I. 275 Here, Jane, settle the furbellows of my scarf. 1827 Praed Poems { 1865) 11 . 555 The Baron bows low to a furbelow, If it be not my Lady’s dress. 1862 Miss Braddon Lady Audlcy xxxiii. 249 My lady smiled as she looked at the festoons and furbelows which met her eye upon every side. Jig. 1883 D. G. Mitchell Bound Together i, Rhetorical furbelows or broidery that belong to the wardrobes of the past. 2 . Anything resembling a flounce. 1742 H. Baker Microsc. 11. xxvi. 203 Its Wings are encompassed with a Furbelow of long Feathers. 1875 Carpenter Microscope xi. § 481. 584 The beautiful Chry- saora remarkable for its long ‘ furbelows ’ which act as organs of prehension. 3 . A name for Laminaria bullosa, a seaweed with a large wrinkled frond. 1846-51 Harvey Phycologia Britannica III. Plate ccxli, This is the largest British species of the Laminariese .. Its common name is Furbelows. 1864 Tennyson Sea Dreams 257 You .. made The dimpled flounce of the sea-furbelow flap, .to please the child. + 4 . Conchol. (See quot.) ? Obs, 1776 tr. Da Costa's Conchol. 289 The Furbelow from Falkland Island; Baccinium Fimbriatum. 5 . attrib. passing into adj.; chiefly in the sense * having furbelows’, pleated. + Also as the name of a kind of pear. c 1680 Crys ojLondon in BagfordBallads I. 116 Will you buy any Furbeloe Pears. 1705 Lond. Gaz. No. 4177/4 Lost.. a blue Furbelow Coach-Box Cloth. 1706 Farquhar Recruit. Officer iv. i, I’ll buy you a furbelow scarf. 1712 Arbuthnot John Bull 111. i, Crimpt ribbons in her head¬ dress, furbelo-scarfs, and hooped-petticoats. 1803 Mary Charlton Wife <£■ Mistress III. 221 If you were to put round you a heap of furbelow veils, you would look picturesque enough. Furbelow (fp'-ibiitf), v. [f. prec. sb.] trans. To ornament with a furbelow, or with something resembling a furbelow. 1701 Lond. Gaz. No. 3743/4 Lost, .a Deal Box. .having in it a rich Scarf forbulo’d with a rich Gold Lace. 1731-7 Miller Gat'd. Diet. s. v. Chelonc , Many flat Seeds, that are furbelow’d on the Edges. 1760-72 tr. Juan ^ ULloa's Voy. (ed. 3) I. 157 It is furbeloed with a richer stuff, near half a yard in depth. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge (1849) 74/2 Many a private chair too, inclosing some fine lady, monstrously hooped and furbelowed. 1865 L. Oliphant Piccadilly (1870) 222 Trains of daughters, furbelowed and flounced by the same dressmakers. fig. 1709-10 Addison Tatlcr No. 116 f 2 Very florid Harangues, which they did not fail to set off and furbelow (if I may be allowed the Metaphor) with many periodical Sentences. 1717 Prior Alma 11. 44 To break their points, you turn their force, And furbelow the plain discourse. absol. 1784 R. Bage Barhatn Downs I. 171 They could trim, flounce, and furbelow to admiration. Hence Firrbelowed ppl. a. 1703 Farquhar Inconstant 11. i, Have you got home your furbelowed smocks yet? 17x3 Steele Guardian No. 142 IT 5 ,1 am now rearing up a set of fine furbelowed dock-leaves. 1835 Beckford Recoil. 104 Under a most sumptuously fringed and furbelowed canopy of purple velvet. 1861 J. R. Greene Man. Anim, KingaCoelent. 123 It terminates in four furbelowed lips. t Fu rber, Obs. Also 5 fourbour, forbyer, 6 forborer, 7 forbere. [a. OF. forbere, forbeor, agent-n. i. forbir to Furbish.] =Furbisher. c 1415 in Davies York Rec. (1843) 233 Coupers,.. Fourbours. 1492 Nottingham Rec. III. 24, j. forbyer pretii vj d. <7x515 Cocke Lorells B. (Percy) 9 Gyrdelers, forborers, and webbers. 1609 D. Rogers in Digby Myst. (1882) p. xxi, Smythes, forberes, Pewterers. Furbery, var. Fourbery, Obs. Furbish (fyubij), v. P'orms : 4-6 furbusshe, 4- 7 furbush, (4 forbisch, fourbosh, 5 forbesh, foorbush,6 furbisshe,7forbush.),5forbysch(yii, 5- 7 f(o)urbyssh(e, 4- furbish, [ad. O b'.forbiss- lengthened stem of forbir ( = Pr. forbir, It. for - lire), ad. OHG .furban in the same sense.] 1 . trans. To remove rust from (a weapon, armour, etc.); to brighten by rubbing, polish, burnish. Also with up. X382 Wyclif Ezek. xxi. 9 The swerd is whettid and furbishid. c 1483 Caxton Vocab. 16 A swerde, Whiche me ought to furbysshe. c 1530 Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. ( J 8 i 4 ) 3 2 7 Varlettes were furbusshynge .. of theyr maysters barneys. 1647 Ward Simp. Cobler 70 In heaven..your swords are furbushed and sharpened, by him that made their metall. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. xii, I .. furbished up one of the. .cutlasses. X79X Cowper Iliad xm. 415 Corslets fur¬ bish’d bright. 1852 Hawthorne Tanglewood T., Golden Fleece (1879) 215 As soon as they could furbish up their helmets. 1863 Geo. Eliot Romola 11. xxi, Old arms duly furbished. absol. 1624 Quarles Div. Poems, Job 111. li, Or if, by forbushing, he [the potter] take more paine To make it fairer, shall the Pot complaine? fig. c 1380 Wyclif Scrm. Sel. Wks. I. 224 Men shulden not holde al gold [>at shynej> as gold, for many [>ingis ben fourboshid ful falseli. 1581 j. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 134 b, He hath somewhat furbushed the old rusty Argumentes of other raynebeaten souldiours. 1593 Shaks. Rich. II, 1. iii. 76 With thy blessings steele my Lances point, That it may enter Mowbrayes waxen Coate, And furbish new the name of John a Gaunt. 1654 Trapp Comm. Job xxix. 25 He had so fourbished the sword of Justice with the Oyle of Mercy. 2 . To brush or clean up (anything faded or soiled) ; to give a new look to (an object either material or immaterial) ; to do or get lip afresh, renovate, revive. Chiefly with up, occas. over. 1587 Golding De Momay xvii. (1617) 304 The soule, which must be fain to be, as it were, new furbished. 1598 E. Gilpin Skial. (1878) 65 Thei’le flowt a man behind his backe, if he Be not trim furbish’d and in decencie. 1629 N. Carpenter Achitophel in. (1640) 131 He shewed himselfe ambitious to file and furbish over the staine of his shamefull life. 1642 Fuller Holy Prof. St. v. iv. 397 This infection [Pelagianisme] was to come to this Hand in after-ages, furbished up under a new name. 1687 Dryden IIhid «$• P. iii. 582 Their ancient houses, running to decay, Are fur¬ bish’d up. 1691 Wood A th. Oxon. II. 28 The University Statutes .. were afterwards corrected, methodized, and furbisht over with excellent Latine. 1715 Rowe Lady Jane Gray m. i, They furbish up their Holy Trumpery. 1774 J. Q. Adams in Fam. Lett. (1876) 5, I might be furbishing up my old reading in Law and History. 1837 Southey Doctor IV. cxxiii. 228 Some part of the furniture was to be furbished, some to be renewed. 1844 Disraeli Coningsby viii. iii, What we want, .is not to. .furbish up old baronies, but to establish great principles. + b. intr. for ref. Obs. rare~ l . 1697 Dennis Plot <5- no Plot 1. 12 Go, get you gone and furbish, you little young Dog. Hence Fu rbished ppl. a. ; Fu'rbishing* vbl. sb. ; also attrib. and used gerundially with the omission of in. Also Ftrrbish. sb., the action of the vb. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. iii. (1869) 2 A foorbushed swercl wel grownden. 1463 Matin. «$• Househ. Exp. 226 My mastyre payd to Robyn the armerere. .ffor xij. dayis werke in fforbeshynge, iij. s. 1605 Shaks. Macb. 1. ii. 32 The Norweyan Lord .. With furbusht Armes, and new supplyes of men, Began a fresh assault, a 1640 Ball A nsw. J. Can 1. (1642) 90 A new furbishing over of the same broken staffe. 1713 Steele Englishm. No. 40. 264 These..are lately furbishing up to shine out at some favourable Conjuncture. x 775 S. J. Pratt Liberal Opin. II. 159 For all the furbish’d up stuff it contains. 1839 Col. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 171 Had a general furbish of all the gear and stores. 1875 Jovvett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 438 To this the arts of fulling and.. furbishing attend in a number of minute particulars. 1862 Lond. Rev. 30 Aug. 188 The tarnished lace having been subjected to a furbishing process. t Fu’rbishable, a. Obs.~° Capable of being furbished or polished. 1611 Cotgr., Polissable , burnishable, furbishable. Furbisher (fy-abi/si). [f. Furbish v. + -eh L Cf. F. fourbisseuri] One who furbishes. <7x440 Promp. Pant. 470/1 Foorbyschowre, eruginator. <71483 Caxton Vocab. 16 Denis the fourbysshour Hath of me a swerd. 1594 Mirr. Policy (1599) 257 The which Armourers, Fourbushers, Cutlers, and such like doe furnish. 1653 Urquhart Rabelais 11. xxx. 199 Ogier the Dane was a Furbisher of armour. 1766 Entick London IV. 344 Wherein are.. employed about 14 furbishers, in cleaning, repairing, and new-placing the arms. 1840 Col. Hawker Diary { 1893) II. 172 About getting Long the appointment of furbisher at the Tower. 1881 J. Evans Anc. Bronze Implem. 5 A furbisher of every cutting instrument in those metals. fig. 1617 J. Moore Mappe Mans Mortal. 11. v. 126 As furbushers, to varnish vs from the rust and canker of our corruption. Furbishment (fy'-ibi/ment). [f. Furbish v. + -ment.] The action of the vb. Furbish. 1850 Blackie AEschylus I. Pref. 8 Every sort of fine flourishing and delicate furbishment. II Furca (fzrrka). Korn. Ant. (and allusively). [L.] A gallows. 1653 Jer. Taylor XXV Serm. Gold.-Grove xii. 162 They shall escape the furca and the wheel. 1779 Gentl. Mag. XLIX. 460 The American General deserved a furca rather than a mischiatiza. Furcate {fv'jkeh, -et), a. [ad. med.L .furca/us (of a hoof) cloven, f. L. furca fork.] Formed like a fork ; forked or branched. 1819 G. Samouelle Entomol. Compend. 248 Converted into a furcate tail. 1826 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1828) III. xxix. 149 The furcate horn of the caterpillar of Parnassius Apollo. 1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 729 The insect, being seized by its furcate extremity, is .. brought between the jaws of its destroyer. 1870 Bentley Bot. 148 A variety of venation may be therefore called Fur¬ cate or forked. Hence Fu rcately adv. Also Furca to-, used as combining form = forkedly-. 1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 163 Segregato-gemmate, fur- cately ramose. Ibid. 511 Glomerate or furcato-ramose. Ibid. 669 Furcato-dichotomous, two feet high, axils arcuate. Furcate (fpuk^'t), v. [f. ppl. stem of assumed L. *furcare, f. furca Fork ri.] intr. To form a fork ; to divide into branches. FURCATED. 611 FURIOUS. 1846 Dana Zoopli. (1848) 79 These lines frequently furcate or give out lateral branches. Ibid. 198 Stems straight, furcating. 1852 — Crust. 1. 142 Another small fissure, which furcates a short distance above. Furcated (fwuk^ted), ppl. a. [f. med.L .fur- cat-us + -ed 1 .] = Furcate a. 1828 Stark Eletn. Nat. Hist. II. 426 Ramuli furcated at the apex. 1847-9 Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 401/1 Chaetonotus and Ichthydium possess a furcated foot. 1859 W. H. Gregory Egypt I. 174 The dom-palm. .invariably divides at a certain height into two branches, and these again.. become fur¬ cated. 1874 Cooke Fungi 52 Each of these .. branch out into a furcated form. Furcation (fwk^-Jan). [f. furca fork ; see -ATloN.j A forking or branching ; hence, a fork¬ like division or branch. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. hi. ix. 124 When they [deer] grow old, they, .first doe lose their, .brow Antlers or, lowest furcations next the head. 1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 71 There are two modes of branching :—1. By a simple furcation of the extremity of a branch. 1862 — Man. Geol. 36 Another furcation of it passes by Eastern Borneo. 1874 Cooke Fungi 52 The furcations being made in such a manner that the ends of the branch at last so stand together that their surface forms a ball. Furch (fait/). Also Fouch. [ad. F.fourche Fork sb .] f 1 . = Fouch 2. Obs. 1491 in Ld. Treas. Acc. Scott. (1877) !• 181 Item, .till a man of the Chanslaris that brocht a furche of venyson to the King vs. 1693 Urquhart Rabelais in. xi, My heart like the furch of a hart in rut doth beat within my breast. 2 . Vet. Surg. = Frush, Frog. Also attrib. in furch-stay. [App. introduced by B. Clark, as a more etymologically correct substitute for the current forms. The Fr. equiva¬ lent is fourchette .] 1842 Bracy Clark On Running Frush (ed. 3) 2 The part diseased, and which in my Treatise on the Foot of the Horse published in 1809, I called the Furch-stay, as being the part which held the base of the Furch together. Ibid. 3 This remarkable part was without any name and very little noticed, till I gave it the epithet Frog-stay or Furch- stay. Furch, obs. form of Furrow. Furchur(e, var. of Forchuhe, Obs. 13.. K. Alis. 4995 Another folk there is bisyde That habbeth furchures swithe wide. Furciferous (fitusi'feros), a. [f. ’L.furcifer (f. furca Fork sb. + fer bearing) fork-bearer, hence (with reference to the 4 fork ’ or yoke placed on the necks of criminals) rascal, jail-bird + -ous.] 1 . Ent. Bearing a forked process; said of the larvae of certain butterflies {Cent. Diet.). 2 . Rascally, rare (somewhat jocular). 1823 Mcnithly Mag. LV. 222 Long addicted to furciferous practices. 1835 De QuiNCEYin Tait’sMag. II. 81 Observe the dilemma into which these furciferous knaves must drop. II Furcula (ffrikiwla). Ornith. \F. furcula, dim. of furca fork.] A forked bone below the neck of a bird, consisting of the two clavicles and an inter¬ clavicle ; the merry-thought or wish-bone. 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. i. (1878) 16 Relative size of the two arms of the furcula. 1868 — A Him. § PI. I. v. 175 The sternum, scapulae, and furcula are all reduced in pro¬ portional length. Furcular (Ipukiwlai), a. Also 6 furculare. [ad. OF. fure ulaire, f. L. Furcula; in later use f. Furcula + -ar.] Of or pertaining to the furcula; in early use, to the collar-bone. 1541 R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. F4b, Howe many bones are in y° sholdre?. .the bone sholdre blade and the bone furculare. 1856-8 W. Clark Van der Hoeven's Zool. II. 609 Two clavicles, a coracoid and a furcular. + Firrcule. Obs. Also 6 furculle, furkle. [ad. F. furcula : see Furcula.] =Forcel. Also attrib. 1541 R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. D 3 b, Some be proprely lacertes that brede nyghe the eares tyll they come to the furcules or forkes of the brest. 1548-77 V icary A nat. vii. (1888) 56 In the vpper ende of Thorax is an hole, .in which is set the foote of the Furklebone or Canel bone. II Furculum (fv m ik\ii\vm). Ornith . [mod.L. furculum , incorrectly formed dim. of furca.'] — Furcula. 1833 Sir C. Bell Hand{ 1834) 54 The furculum or fork bone, which in carving, we detach after removing the wings of the fowl, corresponds with the clavicle. 1863 Lyell Antiq. Man xxii. 451 The furculum, or merry-thought., marks the forepart of the trunk. 1873 J. Geikie Gt. Ice Age App. 525 The furculum of a gull was found in brick- clay at the Bridge of Johnston, near Paisley. + Furdel, fu rdle, v. Obs. [var. of Fardel, v.) trans. To furl or fold. Also with up. 1594 Glenham News fr. Levane Seas 16 Their sayles furdeld. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Peace Fra?ice Wks. 111. 114 f i The Colours furdled vp, the Drum is mute. 1635 Fox's Voy.N.-W. Hakluyt Soc.)496Westrooke all our sayles and furdeld them up. a 1682 Sir T. Browne Tracis (1684) 34 Which being a drie and ligneous Plant .. though crumpled and furdled up, yet, if infused in Water, will swell and display its parts. Hence Fu/rdled ppl. a., + Firrdling vbl. sb. 1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus iii. 128 To urge the thwart enclosure and furdling of flowers, and blossomes before explication. Furder, obs. form of Further. t Pure, v. Obs. Sc . [f. *fure, Sc. form of Fore a journey ] 1 . trans. To bear, carry. c 1470 Henry Wallace 111. 222 With flour and wyne als mekill as thai mycht fur. 1487 Sc. Acts Jos. Ill (1814) II. 178/2 That na gudis be furit be \>e master apoun his ouerloft. c 1560 A. Scott Poems (S. T. S.) xvi. 1 How suld my febill body fure The dowble dolour I indure? 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 141 Na gudes sould be fured vpon the over-loft of the shippes. 2 . To lead, conduct. Also absol. 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. Proheme p. vi, So far as laboure and his wisdome furis. 1637 Monro Exped. 1. 45 To his Master the Kings Majesty or Generali, that fuers or leades the warre. Hence Fu/ring vbl. sb., freight. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 246 For birth and wecht hir furing wes so hie, With thame ilkane scho sank into the se. Fure, obs. form of Fire. + Furel. Obs. [Possibly a mistake of some kind: cf. Forche.] ?A gallows. 1587 Harrison England 11. xix. (1877) 1. 310 It is not lawfull for anie subject .. to .. set vp furels, tumbrell, thew or pillorie. .within his owne soile without his [the king's] warrant and grant. Furel, obs. var. Forel, sheath. Furen, var. Firen a., Obs., fiery. Furfur (iv'iivx). Path. PI. furfures. Also 7 furfaire, 9 arch, furfair. [a. L. furfur bran.] Dandriff, scurf; pi. particles of epidermis or scurf; also, a bran-like sediment in the urine. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. i. 1. iii. (1651) 7 Grievances, which, .are inward or outward .. belonging to the brain, as baldness, falling of haire, furfaire. Ibid. 11. i. iv. iii. 231 Leprosie, Ulcers, Itches, Furfures, Scabs, etc. 1754 Piet. Arts ($• Sc. II. 1358 Those excrementitious particles which are evacuated with the urine, are also called furfures. 1798- 1808 R. Willan Cutaneous Dis. in Cullen's Nosol. Method. App. (1820) 320 note , Furfur (scruf), small exfoliations of the cuticle which ocour after slight inflammation of the skin. 1835 Browning Paracelsus iv. 117 My outward crust Of lies, which wrap as tetter, morphevv, furfair, Wrap the sound flesh. 1885 Syd. Soc. Lex., Furfur, a term applied, especially in France, to the layers of cuticle, like to bran, which are detached from the skin in such diseases as pityriasis. Furfur aceous (fiufiur^Jas), a. Also 7 err on. -acerous, 8 -acious. [f. late L. furfurdee-us (f. furfur bran) + -ous.] Resembling bran; scurfy, scaly; in Bot. covered with bran-like scales. 1650 Bulwer Anthropomet. 101 The furfuracerous ex¬ crements of the Temples, 1735 J. Moore Columbarium 26 The upper Chap of the Bill is half cover’d .. with a naked, white, tuberous, furfuraceous Flesh. 1822-34 Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 674 The urine is peculiarly distinguished by a natural furfuraceous separation, i860 Berkeley Brit. Fungol. 177 Stem somewhat flexuous, brittle, furfuraceous, then smooth. 1876 Clin. Soc. Trans. IX. 45 The epidermis, on being scratched, was raised in furfuraceous scales. Furfuramide (firjfiuramaid). AlsofurfuroT- amide. [f. Furfur(ol + Amide.] A white crystalline substance produced by the action of ammonia on furfurol. 1845 Furfurolamide [see Furfurol]. 1864 Watts Diet. Chent. II. 747 Furfuramide [see Furfurine]. Furfuration (fcfiur^-Jsn). rare~°. [f. 'L. fur¬ fur bran + -ation.] 4 The shedding of the skin in small branny particles {Syd. Soc. Lex.) 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Furfuration , the falling of Dandriff or Scurf from the Head, when it is comb’d. 1721 in Bailey. 1854 in Mayne Exp. Lex. Furfurine (Etjufiurin). [f. L. furfur bran + -ine.] (See quot. 1S64.) 1845 [see Furfurol]. 1864 Watts Diet. Chem. \ I. 747 Furfurine. .an organic base, isomeric with furfuramide, and produced therefrom under the influence of caustic potash, or simply of heat. Furfurol (ftfufiurpl). [f. F. furfur + -ol.] A volatile oil obtained by distilling bran with dilute sulphuric acid. 1845 Fownes in Phil. Trans. CXXXV*. 261 The following . .will be the provisional nomenclature :—Oil produced by the action of sulphuric acid on bran, &c.. termed ‘ furfurol ’ .. Product of the action of ammonia on furfurol or ‘ furfuro- lamide’..Vegeto-alkali, ‘furfurine,’ produced by the dupli¬ cation of the elements of furfurolamide. + Furfuro se, a- Obs .~ 0 [ad. F.finfuros-us, f. furfur bran.] Full of bran. 1727 in Bailey vol. II. Furfurous (fzrifiuras), a. [f. F. furfur bran + -ous.] Resembling bran ; containing bran or bran¬ like particles; made of bran. 1547 Boorde Brev. Health lxxiii. 23 Afurfurouse water or urine that is lyke as branne were in it. 1744 Mitchell in Phil. Trans. XLIII. 144 Furfurous Desquammations. 1822 Syd. Smith Wks. (1867) I. 359 Furfurous bread and the water of the pool constitute his food. FurgOll (fi/ig^n). Also 6 furgone, 9 furgen, dial. Fruggan. [ad. F.fourgon poker.] +a. An oven-fork, a poker (obs.). b. (See quot. 1881.) 14.. Tundale's Vis. 1059 The turmentowris com rennand With furgons and with tongis glowand. 1530 Palsgr. 223/2 Furgone for an ovyn, uavldree. 1534 Eng. Ch. Furnit. (1866) 211, iij furgons of yron. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., Furgeti, a round rod used for sounding a bloomary fire. t Firrial, a. Obs. [a. OF .furial, ad. L .furidl-is, {. furia Fury.] Furious, raging. C1386 Chaucer Sqr.'s T. 440 This furial pyne of helle. ! 1640 J. Gower Ovids Fest. 43 Meanwhile, the young Prince, furiall lust doth move. Furibund (fiue'ribtfnd), a. Also 5 furybound, | 6 Sc. furebund, 8-9 furibond. [ad. L. fieri - bund-us (f. furore to rage) ; the earlier forms through F. furibond.] Furious, raging, mad. 1490 Caxton Eneydos xix. 72 As a persone furyboundc and furyous. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 610 All in ane mynd and will, Richt furebund. 1601 B. Jonson Poetaster v. iii. M 3 b,[In a list of affected words] Oblatrant—Obcaecate — Furibund—Fatuate. 1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 78 Enragements of that furibund animal the Matrix. 1755 T. H. Croker Orl. Fur. xiv. cxix, Brutal, superb, audacious, furibond. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. iv. iv. (1872) 120 A waste energy as of Hercules not yet furibund. 1855 R. R. Madden Life C'tess Blessington II. 104 Strangely jocular in his furi¬ bond movements. 1880 Standard 16 Jan. 4 The furibund utterances of Ultramontane journalism. + Fu ribundal, a. Obs. rare- 1 , [f. as prec. + -al.] = prec. 1592 G. Harvey Pierce's Super. Wks. (Grosart) II. 17 The furibundall Champion of Fame. Furicane, -cana, -cano : see Hurricane. t Fu rie, v. Obs .~ 1 [ad. OF. furrer, fourrer to forage.] intr. To search. c 1290 A*. Eng. Leg. I. 377/26 To furie after a Carpenter. Furied (fiu^rid), a. rare. [f. Fury + -ed-.] Having fury, furious. 1878 P. W. Wyatt Hardrada 6 The fight Unbroken raged in its first furied might, t Fu*rifuff. Obs. rare- 1 . 1689 T. Plunket Char. Gd. Commander 14 Timon Misantropos (though churl enough) l think, was better than this Furifuff. Furify (fiiio-rifai), v. rare. [£. Fury + -(i)fy.] trans. m To render furious. 1872 Browning Fifine lxxix, Some real man.. must thwart And furify and set a-fizz this counterpart O’ the pismire. Furio'sant, a. Her. [?f. Furious a. + -ant.] (See quot.) 1828-40 Berry Encycl. Her. I, Furiosant, is a term applicable to the bull, .and other animals, when depicted in a rage, or madness : it is also termed rangant. Furiosity (fiurii^siti). [ad. late L. furidsi- tdt-em, f. furiosus Furious: see -ity.] 1 . The quality or state of being furious; fury; an instance of this. Now rare. 1509 Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) 69 His owne madnes and cruell furiositie. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus ill. 578 We reid greit furiositie Of slauchter maid be Leui and Simeon. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Furiosity, furiousness. 1894 Phil. Robinson in Monthly Packet Feb. 152 His furiosities do not count for much. 2 . Madness, esp. in Sc. Lazo (see quot. 1882). Brieve of furiosity : a Brieve directing an inquiry as to a person’s sanity. I 43 2_ 5 ° tr - Higden (Rolls) IV. 371 After the dethe of whom, Claudius, .as in furiosite, wolde say oftetymes, and inquire .. why Messalina his lady come not to table. 1475 Sc. Acts Jos. ///(1814) II. 112 pat in tyme tocum pe said brefe be reformit and a clauss put J?arin to Inquere of pe foly and furiosite. 1557-75 Diurn. Occurr. (Bannatyne) 75 The quenis grace commandit him to pas to the castell of Edinburgh induring hir will, to appeis the furiositie foirsaid. 1707 in Athenaeum 1 Feb. (1896) 143/1 A person, because of her Furiosity, unfitt to be dealt with according to Discipline. 1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 286 Services of Idiotry and Furiosity Jo pay as General Services. 1814 Scott Wav. xii, As it is expressed in the breves of furiosity. 1868 Act 31 <$• 32 Viet. c. 100 § ior The brieves of furiosity and idiotry hitherto in use are hereby abolished. 1882 W. Bell's Diet. Law Scotl., Furiosity, or madness, by which the judgment is prevented from being applied to the ordinary purposes of life. II FurioSO (furioso), a. and sb. [It.L. furi- osus : see Furious a.] A. adj. (Music.) See quot. 1825. Also quasi-tf. 1823 Crabb Tecltnol. Diet., Furioso (Mus.) or con furia, Italian, signifying furiously or with vehemence. 1825 Dannelf.y Encycl. Mus., Furioso denotes a quick move¬ ment, but principally that species of movement which re¬ quires a wildness of character in the execution. B. sb. A furious person. (Also furiosa fem.) Presumably suggested by the title of Ariosto’s Orlando Furioso. a 1670 Hacket A bp. Williams 11. § 202 (1693) 218 A violent Man, and a Furioso. 1710 Age of Wonders vi. in Wilkins Pol. Ball, (i860) II. 69 The furiosas of the Church Come foremost like the wind. 1726 De Foe Hist. Devil 11. viii. (1840) 290 He gave Oliver the protectorship, but would not let him call himself king, which stuck so close to that furioso, that the mortification spread into his soul. 1784 Lett, to Honoria Marianne I. 74, I have heard one of these pitiful furioso’s raving to a most amiable woman. Furious ififi^rias), a. Also 4 furyus, 5-6 Sc. -ius, 5 Sc. furiouss, -eous, 5-6 furyous, 6 furi- ouse. [a. OF. furieus (mod.F. furieux ), ad. L. furidstis, {.furia Fury.] 1 . Of a person, an animal, etc.: Full of fury or fierce passion ; mad with anger, zeal, or the like ; raging, frantic. Also of actions, attributes, utter¬ ances : Proceeding from or exhibiting fury ; fierce, raging, destructively or menacingly violent. C1374 Chaucer Compl. Mars 143 Now wol I speke of Mars, furious and wood, c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems 157 Whan he [the lioun] is moost furious in his _ myhte, Ther comyth a quarteyn. 1535 Coverdale Ps. vii. 6 Lift vp thyself ouer the furious indignacion of myne enemies. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Cas tanked a's Cong. K. I mi. xxxvi. 87 a, Heerevppon, they began in a furious outrage, running out of their dotes like madde men. 1611 Bible Ezek. v. 15 When I shall execute iudgments in thee in anger and in furie, and in furious rebukes. 1641 in Hearne Collect. 15 Aug. (1706) (O. H. S.) I. 285 Y” furiousest Presbyterians. 1645 Milton Tetrach. To Park., Wks. (1847) 175/2 The FURIOUSLY. 612 FURLONG. furious incitements which have been us’d. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iii. 410 The furious Mare, Barr’d from the Male, is frantick with Despair. 1752 Hume Ess. 4* Treat. (1777) I. 62 Parties of religion are more furious, a 1853 Robertson Led. ii. (1858) 58 Furious against every one whose words make them tremble at their own insecurity. 1855 Motley Dutch Rep. 1. iii. (1866) 112 The King, already enraged, was furious at the presentation of this petition. 1863 F. A. Kemble Rcsid. Georgia 14, I cannot help being astonished at the furious and ungoverned execration. b. transf. Of the elements : Moving with or as if moved by fury, violent, raging. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholas's Roy. 111. vii. 80 If the water be too furious and deepe. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. iv. ii. 259 Feare no more, .the furious Winters rages. 1700 S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Did. 126 It got a head after so furious a manner, that it set fire on the Ship itself. 1774 Pennant Tour Scott, in 1772, 119 From the top is a view of the furious Stream. 1799 Cowper Castaway iv, The furious blast. 1853 Kane Grinncll Exp. xxiv. (1856) 196 Blowing a furious gale. + c. Of pains, diseases, evil influences: Raging, cruel. Obs. c 1386 Chaucer Frankl. T. 373 In langour and in torment furyus. 1430-40 Lydg. Rochas 1. viii. (1544' 14 Folke were there blent with furious darkenes. c 1470 Henry Wallace 11. 211 In fureous payne. 1597 Gerarde Herbal 11. Ii. 270 Furious agues. 1627 Abp. Abbot Narr. in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) !• 434 Some furious infirmities of Body. d. Fast and furious: (of mirth) eager, uproar¬ ious, noisy. 1790 [see Fun 3]. 1820 Scott Ivanhoc xviii, Fast and furious grew the mirth of the parties. 2 . Hyperbolically (after Fr. use): Excessive, extravagant, rare. 1668 Dryden Evening's Love in. i, What a furious indi¬ gence of ribbons is here upon my head ! Ibid. v. i, I will do my best to disingage my Heart from this furious Tender which I have for him. 1822-56 De Quincey Confess . (1862) 7 Without a suspicion of his own furious romancing. 3 . Mad, insane. Obs. exc. in Scots Law. 1475 Sc. Ads fas. Ill (1814) II. 112 The Inquest fyndis f>at he was ouder fule or furiouss. 1564 Child Marriages , etc. (1897) 135 She, beinge seruaunt with the testatrix, did neuer knowe that euer she was Lunatike or furiouse. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. V. lxiv. § 4 Neither furious persons nor children may receive any ciuill stipulation. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj '., Stat. Robt. I, 33 Fvrious men sould be taken, and keiped be their friends. 1642 View Print. Rook int. Observat. 10 Except the King be Captive, furious, or in his infancy. 1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 66 Idiots . .and furious persons cannot marry. + 4 . Foolish, absurd. Obs. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531I 253 b, In theyr moost furyous & false opinyon they iudged hym a dissembler and an ypocryte. 1608-11 Hall Medit. 4- Vows 1. § 62, I have ever found, that to strive with my superiour is furious, with my equall doubtfull. 5 . CotJib., as furious-curious , faced adjs.; furious- wise adv. 1598 Sylvester Du Rartas 11. i. iv, Ilandie-Craftes 630 Dauncing, foaming, rowling furious-wise. 1614 — Little Rartas 407 The furious-curious Spell Of those Black-Artists. 1636 Rutherford Lett. (1862) 1 .174 To go through a furious faced death to life eternal! Furiously (fiua’riasli), adv. [f. prec. + -ly -.] 1 . With fury, in a mad or frantic manner, to an irrational degree, madly. 1555 Eden Decades 2 They furiousely cryed out againste him. c 1610 Women Saints (E. E. T. S.) 46 The king raging at these wordes and full of concupiscence, furiouslie sayd vnto her [etc.]. 1611 Bible E.zek. xxiii. 25 They shall deale furiously with thee. 1751 Warburton Julian (ed. 2) 1. v. 99 An inference so furiously sceptical, as would overturn the whole Body of civil history. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 362 His scheme was .. furiously attacked. 1873 Black Pr. Thule (1874) 18 To see how furiously jealous you would become. 1890 Spectator 11 Oct., Furiously interested classes. 2 . With impetuous or boisterous motion or agita¬ tion ; swiftly, violently, vehemently. a 1577 Gascoigne Dan Rarthol ., Reporters Concl. xix, So staies the streame, when furiouslie it flouth. 1611 Bible 2 Kings ix. 20 Iehu .. driueth furiously. 1686 tr. Chardin's Trav. 391 The water .. is furiously hot. 1700 S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 72 The Piece recoiled so furiously. 1758 Reid tr. Macqtier's Chym. I. 279 The Phosphorus took fire, burnt furiously, and burst the vessels. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xvi, Perceiving his master beset, he. came furiously to his aid. 1840 Dickens Earn. Rudge vi, Before the words had passed my lips, he rode upon me furiously, i860 Maury Phys. Geog. vi. § 312 Here ..the sea-breeze blows furiously. 1877 Lady Brassey Voy. Sunbeam XV.J1878) 269 Where the molten lava dashed up furiously against the rocks. 3 . Excessively, * awfully Cf. F. furicuscment. 1822-56 De Quincey Confess. (1862) 35 The lady of 1752 if living in 1800 must be furiously wrinkled. Furiousness (fiu<>'nasties). [f. as prec. + -ness.] The quality or state of being furious; madness, fury. c 1500 Melusine xlvi. 321 Makyng..by her furyousnes suche horryble crye & noyse that it semed al thayer to be replete with thundre & tempeste. 1535 Coverdale Ps. Ixxviifi]. 49 He sent vpon them y° furiousnesse of his wrath. 1628 Wither Rrit. Rememb. in. 1125 Unlesse God had, in mercy, curb’d their furiousnesse. 1746-7 Hervey. Medit. (1818) 180 Instead of discharging the furiousness of his wrath upon this guilty head. 1840 in Smart; and in later Diets. Fu 'rison. Obs. exc. Her. fa. MDu. vmir- ijzen (Kilian vierijzer ), f. vuur Fiue sb. + ijsen, ijzer, Iron. (Perh. Fleerish is a corruption of this.)] (See quot. 1889.) 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. p. lvii, He that was found in the army but flint and furisine, or but his swerd. 1889 Elvin Diet. Her., Furisons, the steel used for striking fire from a flint. Furl (fell), sb. [f. next vb.] 1 . A roll, coil, or curl of any furled body. 1643 Wither Campo Musae 17 [Who] Hath taken downe, one furle of his proud sailes. 1746-7 Hervey Medit. (1818) 180 Ye vernal Clouds, furls of finer air, folds of softer moisture. 2 . The action of furling or state of being furled, the manner in which a sail is furled. 1836 E. Howard R. Reefer xxxii, That part of the sail .. was wanted to be rolled in with the furl. 1840 R. H. Dana Ref. Mast xxiii. 70 Every sailor knows that a vessel is judged of, a good deal, by the furl of her sails. Furl (fail), v. [prob., as Prof. Skeat suggests, an alteration of Furixle v. This cannot, however, be considered certain, as furdle may have been due to a mixture of furl and fardle. Cf. the synonymous F. ferler (by Littre regarded as adopted from Eng.), also early mod.F. frester (cited s.v. Frill).] 1 . trans. ‘ To roll lip and bind (a sail) neatly upon its respective yard or boom * (Adm. Smyth) ; to roll or gather up (a flag) into small compass. Also with up. To furl in a body, the bunt (see vbl. sb. 1). 1556 W. Tovvrson in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 113 Offering vs, if wee woulde, to furle his Flagges, and to be at our coin- maundement in all things. 1626 Sir F. Drake revived in Arb. Garner V. 500 A ship, .which, .had not yet furled her sprit-sail. 1647 Ward Simp. Colder 33 By furling up all the Ensignes. 1712 W. Rogers Voy. 24 A Sailor going up to furl the Main-Top-Gallant Sail, fell. 1720 Loud. Gaz. No. 5917/3 They furled their Colours and began to fly. 1748 Anson's Voy. 111. ii. (ed. 4) 413 We were full five hours in furling our sails. 1775 Tender Father II. 142 The method of furling up a pair of colours. 1842 Tennyson Locksley Hall 127 'Fill, .the battle-flags were furl’d In the Parliament of man. 1876 Saunders Lion in Path vii, The fisherman furls his sail. b. transf. and fig. a 1657 Lovelace Poems (1864) 232 All the hopes of your reward you furl. 1659 D. Pell Impr. Sea 318 When pro¬ vidence has been pleased to furle up the foggy curtains of the Heavens. 1713 Guardian No. 11 ? 8 She on a sud¬ den. .furl’d her fan. 1742 Loud. 4- Country Rrew. 1. (ed. 4) 65 This Paper must be furled or twisted round the Bung. 1801 Southey Thalaba hi. v, Moath furl’d the tent. 1816 Scott Old Mori, xi, I hope my sister-in-law is well — furl up the bed-curtain. 1847 Alb. Smith Chr. Tadpole viii. (1879) 84 The umbrella was directly furled. 1861 Lytton & Fane Tannhduser 15 But, furl’d beneath that florid surface, lurk’d A vice of nature, breeding death, not life. 1863 Fr. A. Kemble Resid. Georgia 69 The eagle.. furled his great wings. f 2 . To twist or curl (hair). In quot. absol. Cf. Frill v. Obs . 1606 Sylvester Du Rartas 11. iv. 11. Magnif 742 One.. Combs out at length her goodly golden locks. .Th’other.. Frizzles and Furls in Curls and Rings a-part. + b. Of a lion ; To ruffle (its mane). Obs, 1682 Tate Abs. § A chit. 11. 837 [The lion] Disdaining furls his mane and tears the ground. f 3 . To make undulations on (a surface); to furrow, wrinkle. Obs. 1681 Chetham Angler's Vade-m. x. § 1 (1689) 98 Cloudy and windy day that furls the Water. 1742 Shenstone Schoolmistr. 261 He..furls his wrinkly front, and cries, ‘ What stuff is here ! * a 1763 — Odes , etc. (1765) 206 Nor bite your lip, nor furl your brow. 4 . To swathe or envelope in or with something twisted or folded. Now rare. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 53 ? 8 A Purple Canopy furled with curious Wreaths of Drapery. 1806 A. Duncan Nelsons Funeral 29 His staff tipped with silver,and furled with sarsnet. ^1850 Rossetti Dante 4* Circ. 1. (1874) 184 When its flesh is furl’d Within a shroud. 5 . intr. To become furled: to be rolled or gathered up in a spiral or twisted form; to curl up. 1676 Lond. Gaz. No. 1130/4 Her Foresail and Foretopsail furling aloft. 1686 Goad Celest. Rodies 1. ii. 2 It [a fog] sometimes casts it self into Threds or Ropes, and by the warmth of the Sun furls up into Gossamere. 1816 Byron Siege Cor. xi, The banners drooped along their staves And as they fell around them furling. 1821 — Juan 111. lxxii, Her..Turkish trousers furl’d Above the prettiest ankle in the world. b. (with from , of.) To roll away (like passing clouds). Also ( nonce-use ) of the sky, lo furl asunder. 1814 Prophetess in. v, The Trojan ruins burning, and the skies Furling asunder, that the Gods may view Their dreadful warrants rig’rously fulfill’d. 1844 Lowell Poems , Forlorn viii, And years of misery and sin Furl off, and leave her heaven blue. — Captive v, The dread, like mist in sunshine, Furled serenely from her mind. 1859 Miss Mulock Romant. T. 206 The clouds furled off from the sky. te. Misused for unfurl. 1798 Pennant Hindoostan II. 153 A lady..laid hold of an umbrella, and furling it full in the animal’s face, terrified it so that it instantly retired. Hence Furled ppl. a. Also Fu*rler, one who furls : only in comb., as sailfurler. a 1659 Cleveland May Day i, Why shroud Ye up your selves in the furl’d Sails of Night? c i860 H. Stuart Sea¬ man's Catcch. 45 The sailfurlers go below. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Gasket , a cord..to secure furled sails to the yard. + Fu’rlength. Sc. Obs. [ = furrow-length , q.v. under Furrow.] = Furlong. a 1400-50 Alexander 2898 }it hase )?e flode, as I fynd a furelenth of brede. C1450 Golagros $ Gaw. 1279 Ane furlenth before his folk, on feildis so faw. Furless (faules), a. [f. Fur sb.' + -less.] Having no fur. 1855 Geo. Eliot Jntl. in Life (1884) I. 301 Though he was wrapped in fur; and we, all fur-less as we were, pitied him. 1882 Miss Woolson Anne 7 The degeneracy of the furless times. Furlet, -ot, obs. forms of Firlot. Furling (fzrrliq), vbl. sb. [f. Furl v. + -ing F] 1 . The action of the vb. Furling in a body, in the bunt (see quot. 1867). 1836 E. Howard R. Reefer xxxii, That they might prac¬ tise furling. 1865 Masson Rec. Rrit. Philos, iv. 345 The instinctive furling off. .of a conceived external world of possibilities from a conscious and persisting personality. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Furling in a body, a method of rolling up a topsail..by gathering all the loose part of the sail into the top, about the heel of the topmast, whereby the yard appears much thinner and lighter than when the sail is furled in the usual manner, which is sometimes termed, for distinction sake, furling in the bunt. 2 . Comb ., as furling-system ; furling-line, a line or cord used in furling sails. 1626 Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Sea-vien 15 The .. gassits or furling lines. 1627 — Seaman's Gram. v. 22 Furling lines are small lines made fast to the top saile, top gallant saile, and the missen yards armes. i860 Merc. Marine Mag. VII. 114 Captain Finlay intended to confine his furling system, .to schooners. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word- bk., Furling-line, a generally flat cord called a gasket. Furlong (faul^q). Forms : 1 furlang, -ung, 2 -eng, 3-5 fur(e)lang(e, 4 ferlong, fourlonge, 4-5 for(e)lang(e, 4-6 -long(e, 4-5 fur(e)longe, 4- furlong. PI. 4-5 for-, furlong. [OE. fur¬ lang str. neut., f. furh y Furrow + lang f Long a .] 1 . Originally, the length of the furrow in the common field, which was theoretically regarded as a square containing ten acres. As a lineal measure, the furlong therefore varied according to the extent assigned at various times and places to the Acre, but was usually understood to be equal to 40 poles (rods, perches). As early as the 9th c. it was regarded as the equivalent of the Roman stadium , which was J of a Roman mile ; and hence furlong has always been used as a name for the eighth part of an English mile, whether this coincided with the agricultural measure so called or not. The present statute furlong is 220 yards, and is equal both to the eighth part of a statute mile, and to the side of a square of 10 statute acres. a. as a measure in current use. (Early examples are wanting.) c 1330 Arth. 4- Merl. 6693 .V. forlong he dede hem recoile. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. v. 5 Er I hadde faren a fourlonge feyntise me hente. 14.. Sir Reucs 752 (MS. M.) Ther was no hors in the world so stronge That myght ffolowe hym a fur longe. <111400-50 Alexander 3856 A foure furelange or fyue it was of full brede. 1470-85 Malory Arthur ix. xi, Thenne he..departed his waye a furlonge. 1559 W. Cunningham Cosmogr. Glasse 56 There is also diversitie what a Furlong should conteine in length. 1627 Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. x. 48 Fifteene furlongs, that is, a mile and £ parts. 1653 Walton Angler v. 128 For Gesner observes, the Otter smels a fish forty furlong off him in the water. 1703 Maundrell Journ. Jems. (1732) 15 About two furlongs out of Town. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v., In Scotland the furlong is equal to forty falls. 1789 G. White Selborne xvi. (1853) 68 This noise may be heard a furlong or more. 1814 Scott Ld. of Isles vi. xxix, The fresh and desperate onset bore The foes three furlongs back. 1847 Emerson Poems, Monadnoc , His day’s ride is a furlong space. b. Antiq. as a rendering of L. stadium or Gr. e ferlong for |>e pris. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 328 After the forlonge of thys presente lyfe. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (1531) 62 b, For every relygyous persone sholde renne in the fore- longe of perfeccyon. 3 . An area of land a 1 furlong 9 each way, con tain ing ten acres. FURLOUGH. 613 FURNAGE. 1819 REEsCyc/.s.v., The furlong as a superficial measure, is generally 10 acres, according to the acre of different counties. + b. The eighth part of an acre. Obs.~° Perh. only a blunder of Minsheu. 1617 Minsheu Ductor, Furlong.* is otherwise the eight part of an acre. 1656-81 in Blount Glossogr. 4 . The headland of a common field. Obs. exc. dial. ? 854 Charter of YEthelwolf of Wessex in Cod. Dipl. V. m Of twelf aekeran ut ford bufon scortan hlince aet Sacs furlanges ende. 1649 Blithe Eng. Improv. hnpr. (1652) 10 One Furlong butting or Hadlanding upon other Furlongs. 1877 N. IV. Line. Gloss., Furlong , the road or boundary upon which the separate lots abut in an * open field ' or piece of unenclosed ground divided into several occupations. 5 . An indefinite division of an unenclosed field. 12.. Newminster Cartul. (1878) 122 Usque ad Gauelok furlang. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. v. 424, I can fynde in a felde or in a fourlonge an hare. 1438 Nottingham Rec. II. 170 Quintaacrajacet super eundem furlong. [But is this 4?] 1523 Fitzherb. Sunt. 38 b, At a furlong called Dale furlong y° whiche furlong conteyneth .xxx. landes and two heed landes. 1637 Harrison in Sheffield Gloss., A piece of land enclosed lying in furlongs. 1*1825 Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Furlong, a division of an uninclosed cornfield. 1839 Stonehouse Axholme 302 Two selions of land containing one acre, lying in a furlong called Foxholes. 1854 Miss Baker Northampt. Gloss., Furlong, an indefinite number of lands or leys, running parallel to each other. 6. =Land. (See quot. 1S93.) Obs. exc. dial. 1660 Sharrock Vegetables 97 The land must be cast into furlongs, that the furrows may convey the water one to another into a general trench. 1893 Wiltsh. Gloss., Furlong . .the strip of newly-ploughed land lying between two main furrows. 7 . ' The line of direction of plowed lands’ (Marshall). 1787 W. Marshall Norfolk I. (1795) 131 Endeavouring to lay their ‘ furlongs' north-and-south, that the sun may have an equal influence on either side the narrow ridges. Furlough (fitr-ilflu), sb. Forms: 7 vorloffe, fore-loofe, forloff, furloff, -ogh, 7, 9 furlo, 8 furloe, foreloff, 7-9 furlow, 7- furlough, [a. Du. verlof app. formed in imitation of Ger. ver- laub, f. ver- For- pref\ + root laub- : see Believe v., Leave sb. Cf. Da. forlov , Sw. forlof. The Eng. word, having from the beginning been stressed on the first syll., seems to show influence of the syn¬ onymous Du. oorlof, — Gtx. urlaub (OHG., MHG. urloufi ), abstract noun corresp. to the OTeut. vb. *izlaut> 6 jan, -laubjan to give leave, allow (Goth. uslaubjan, OHG. irloubon, mod.G. erlauben , OE. allefan ): see A- pref . 1 and Leave sb .] 1 . Leave of absence, esp. a permit or licence given to a soldier (or more rarely, an official) to be absent from duty for a stated time. 1625 B. Jonson Staple of N. v. i, The deed, .is a thing of greater consequence, Then to be borne about in a blacke boxe, Like a Low-Countrey vorloffe, or Welsh-briefe. 1637 R. Monro Exped. 1. 34 The Lievetenant Colonell taking a fore-loofe, did go unto Holland. 1649 G. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. V, clxxxii, They’d feigned Furloghs, of Sloth, or Feare. 1707 Farquhar Recruiting Officer 1. i, Enter him a grenadier ..absent on furlow. 1749 MS. Desp. 14 Nov., Bd. of Trade, S. Carolina T. 68 In Charles¬ town living on the license of your Excellency’s third foreloff. 1772 Ann. Reg. 198/1 Maclauchlan.. was sent off upon a furlow for three months. 1804 Wellington in Gurw. Desp. III. 41 Officers not on furlough, .are to join their corps without delay. 1835 Marryat Jac. Faithf. xxxvi, My uncle James came home on furlough, for he held a very high and lucrative situation under the Company. 1893 Forbes-Mitchell Remin. Gt. Mutiny 71 Over fifty men..were found to have furloughs, or leave-certificates., in their pockets. attrib. 1845 Stocqueler Handbk. Brit. India (1854) 51 The salaries are large, .the furlough allowance and retiring annuity handsome and all-sufficient. 1876 Voyle's Milit. Diet. (ed. 3) s. v. Furlough, The furlough pay is as follows. fig. 1816-7 Coleridge Lay Serm. 378 One of those short furloughs from the service of the body, which the soul may sometimes obtain even in this, its militant state, b. extended to general use. 1763 Cowper Let. 9 Aug. Wks. (1876) 5 My destination is settled at last, and I have obtained a furlough. 1793 Mad. D’Arblay Lett. 22 Feb., You., could not refuse to her request the week’s furlough. 1843 Lefevre Life Trav. Phys. I. 1. vii. 158, I..demanded a furlough of a fortnight, to enable me to see my friends in England. 1848 Kingsley Saint's Trag. L i, Would but her saintship leave her gold behind, We’d give herself her furlough. + 2 . A passport; a licence, or permit. a 1659 Cleveland Wks. (1687) 7 The greatest Honours on the aged hurl’d Are but gay Furlows for another World. 1826 Scott Woodst. ii, Or what else will your uncle Everard do for us? Get us a furlough to beg? Furlough (fzriltfa), v. Chiefly U. S. [f. prec.] 1 . traits. To grant (a person) a furlough; to give leave of absence to. 1783 N. Greene in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev. (1853) IV. 38 The Northern Army does not choose to be furloughed. *799 G. Washington Lett. Writ. 1893 XIV. 208 The prac¬ tice of furloughing officers, and then renewing the furloughs from time to time. 1867 Emerson May-Day <5- Other Pieces Wks. (Bohn) III. 42^ Amid the hue and cry Of scholars furloughed from their tasks. 1869 Lowell Cathe¬ dral 236 With outward senses furloughed. 2 . intr. To spend a furlough. 1892 Black White Christm.No. 31/2 The unsteady white gaiters of two Grenadiers furloughing in the village. Furloughed (f£r-ib ll d), ppl. a. [f. Furlough sb. or v. + -ed.] Having a furlough or leave of absence ; hence, unoccupied, inactive. 1811 W. R. Spencer Poems 5 Ten thousand furlow’d Heroes. 1848 Lowell Biglow P. Poems 1890 II. 23 She ..Patted the furloughed ferule on her palm. 1864 Daily Tel. 26 Nov., All furloughed officers and men have been ordered to return immediately. t Fvrrmage. Obs. rare. [a. OF. four mage (mod. F. frontage') popular L. *formaticum, f. forma mould, Form.] Cheese. 14.. Henryson Two Myss 124 Bannatyne MS. vii. (1881) 963 Furmag full fyne scho brocht in steid of geill. Furme, obs. form of Form. Furmente, -ty, furmety, -ity : see Fru¬ menty. Furnace (fy'-ines), sb. Forms: 3 furneise, 4-5 f(o)urneys(e, fo(u)rnays(e, fournas, for- nayce, fornes, (5 fornas, furnasee), 4-6 for- neys(e, f(o)urneis, furnes(s, (5 furnoys, 6 fur- neyse, fournes), 6-7 fornace, (6 fournaee, furnise), 6- furnace, [a. OF. fomais, masc. ( = Pr. fornatz, fornaz, It. fornace'), also fornaise (moA.Y.fournaise, = Sp. hornaza), repr. L .fornac- em, fornax, fern., f. forn-us,furn-us, oven.] 1 . An apparatus consisting essentially of a chamber to contain combustibles for the purpose of subject¬ ing minerals, metals, etc. to the continuous action of intense heat. In modern use it chiefly denotes a building of masonry lined with firebrick, used for metallurgical operations, the baking of pottery, or the like; but it is also applied to smaller apparatus (usually constructed of iron) used in chemistry, assaying, etc. a 1225 Juliana 32 As j>u. -te [>reo children .. biwistest un- weommet from [>e ferliche fur of he furneise. a 1340 Ham- pole Psalter xvi. 4 be fournas )>at purges metall. 1382 Wyclif Matt. vi. 30 The heye of the feeld, that to day is, and to morwe is sente in to the fourneyse. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) hi. vii. 55 With fyre pykes they cast them in the forneis. 1533 Coverdale firm. xvii. 3 Like as syluer is tried in the fire and golde in the fornace. 1544 Phaer Regym. Ly/e (1553) I iij b, Baken or dryed as clay is in the fourneis. 1600 Shaks. A.Y.L. ii. vii. 148 The Louer, Sighing like Furnace. 1664 Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 229 A plain single Furnace, (such as Chymists use in their Laboratories for common Operations).. 1725 He Foe Voy. round World (1840) 272 Running like liquid metal out of a furnace. 1837 Whittock, etc. Bk. Trades (1842) 130 The furnaces, retorts and other apparatus are too numerous to be described. 1872 Ellacombe C/t. Bells Devon i. 11 On the signal being given, the furnaces were tapped, and the metal flowed. b. transf. The fire of a volcano; the volcano itself. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 376 One of the most conspicuous furnaces of the Indies, .for the hill, .hath five mouths..for casting out fire. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) I. 344 Volcanos must have emitted their fiery currents more frequently in the earlier ages, when..the Ocean, loaded with it’s vegetable spoils, supplied more abundant matter to their furnaces. 1804 C. B. Brown tr. Volney's View Soil U. S. 99 The existence of this furnace agrees with all the traces of earthquakes hitherto mentioned. a. fig., esp. used to express any severe test or trial. Also, a place of excessive heat; a ‘ hot¬ bed’. 1340 Ayenb. 131 pise wordle pet ne is bote..a fomays anhet mid uer of zenne and of zor3e. 1382 Wyclif Deut. iv. 20 The Lord took 30W, and ladde 30W oute fro the yren forneys of Egipte. 1497 Bp. Alcock Mons Perfect. C iij, He lyved here in purgatory and in the fornays of tempta- cyon. 1600 Fairfax Tasso xv. 1 , He..open set Of his broad gaping iawes the fornace wide. 1611 Bible Isa. xlviii. 10, I haue chosen thee in the fornace of affliction. 1727-46 Thomson Summer 962 Breathed hot From all the boundless furnace of the sky.. A suffocating wind the pilgrim smites With instant death. 1844 Kinglake Eothcn xxiv. 320 Nablous is the very furnace of Mahometan bigotry. + 2 . Applied to an oven or chamber for pro¬ ducing a moderate continuous heat; in quots. an incubating chamber. Obs. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) v. 49 There is a comoun Hows in that Cytee, that is alle (Tulle of smale Furneys; and thidre bryngen Wommen of the Toun here Eyren of Hennes, of Gees and of Dokes, for to ben put in to tho Furneyses. 1583 T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1. viii. 7 b. Fur¬ naces, made in maner like unto..stoves of Germanie in the whiche with a small heate they do..hatch their egges. 1616 [see Furner i]. 3 . A closed fireplace for heating a building by means of hot-air or hot-water pipes; also, ‘ the fireplace of a marine boiler’ (Adm. Smyth). 1691 Evelyn Diary 28 Dec., Saw the effect of my green¬ house furnace. 1881 Fawkes Horticult. Build. 218 Stoke¬ holes, furnaces, and boilers, should always be protected by an enclosed shed from rain and wind. 4 . A boiler, cauldron, crucible. Obs. exc. dial. (See quots. 1S84 and 1S86.) c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 295/61 A forneis he let maken of bras: and fullen it fill of led. 13.. E. E. Allit. P. B. ion As a fornes ful of flot |?at vpon fyr boyles. ^1400 Lan- franc's Cirurg. 171 pe heete of fie lyvere makij? J?e stomac to sepe as fier makij? a furneis to se^e. 1494 Nottingham Rec. III. 30 Unuin fornes de plumbo. 1540 Yatton Churchw. Acc. (Som. Rec. Soc.) 154 To sawyng y° quyrbys to y° Furnes of Chyrche howse vj d . a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 486 Seethe all these [herbs] (being well washed) in a furnace of fair water.. 1884 Upton on Severn Gloss., Furnace, a large boiler set in brickwork, for brewing, making soup, &c. 1886 W. Somerset Gloss., Gal¬ vanized iron Furnace, 27 gals... 11$. 9 d. 5 . attrib. and Comb ., as furnace air-pipe , -chink. -coke, -feeder , -filler , -fire, -firer, -glow, -heat, -house , -smoke; furnace-burning, -like adjs .; furnace-ward adv. Also furnace-bar = fire-bar (see F ire B. 5); furnace-bridge (see quot.); furnace cadmia or cadmium (see quot.) ; furnace-drift, + -earth (see quots.); furnaceman, one who tends a fur¬ nace ; furnace-pumice Metall ., ‘ a slag often produced in smelting pisolitic iron ores, having the cellular appearance of pumice-stone * (Cassell); furnace-tube (see quot.). 1664 Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 231 The *Furnace Air- pipes. .are placed to pass through the Fire and Brick-work. 1888 Lockwood's Diet. Mech. Engin., * Furnace Bars. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 926/2 * Furnace-Bridge, a barrier of fire-bricks or of iron plates containing water thrown across the furnace at the extreme end of the fire-bars, to prevent the fuel being carried into the flues, and to quicken the draft by contracting the area. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, 11. i. 80 All my bodies moysture Scarse serues to quench my * Furnace-burning hart. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., * Furnace cadmium or cadmia, the oxide of zinc which accumulates in the chimneys of furnaces smelting zinci¬ ferous ores. <21849 Mangan Poems (1859) 35 That the flame, with subtle flood, Through the ^furnace-chink may fly. 1889 Daily News 16 Dec. 2/7 This week *furnace coke has been selling at 22$. 6 d. to 23s. per ton at the ovens. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss., * Furnace-drift, a passage leading into an * upcast ’ pit provided with a furnace for the pur¬ pose of ventilating the mine. 1612 Sturtevant Metallica. (1854) 114 ^Furnace-earths .. where-withall you build up your Furnaces. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, * Furnace- feeder, a stoker or fireman ; one who supplies fuel to the furnace. 1892 Labour Commission Gloss., * Furnace Fillers, men who remain at the top of the furnace and empty therein the loaded barrows sent up from the bottom. C1645 Howell Lett. I. xxix. 41 If this small *furnace-fire hath vertue to convert such a small lump of Dark Dust and Sand into such a precious clear Body as Crystal. 1889 Daily News 4 Dec. 5/6 A - furnace firer. .stated that [etc.]. 1863 65 J. T homson Sunday at Hampstead vi, The East resumes its *furnace-glow. 1849 E. E. Napier Excurs. S. Africa II. 407 Alternate *furnace heat and chilly damp¬ ness. 1882 Ouida In Maremma I. 62 A *furnace-house to make the salt that was raked upon the beach. 1577 B. Googe Hercsbach's Husb. 11. (1586) 77 b, The Furrow must be made *Furnase like, straight aboue, and broade in the bottome. 1825 Heber Narrative (1828) III. 33 Such a furnace-like climate. 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining, * Furnaceman. 1884 B’ham Daily Post 23 Feb. 3/5(Wanted two little Mill Furnacemen. 1797 College 20 Like *furnace-smoke in volumes rolling down. 1888 Lockwood's Diet. Mech. Engin., * Furnace-tube, the tube within which the fuel is enclosed in an internally fired boiler, c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 1087 First floore hit ij feet thicke enclynynge softe The *fourneis ward. Furnace (fi>Jnes), v. [f. prec. sb.] 1 . a. trans. To exhale like a furnace, b. intr. To issue as from a furnace. 1598 Chapman Achilles Shield Ep; Ded. Aivb, That raging vlcer, which.. Furnaceth the vniuersall sighes and complaintes of this transposed world. 1607 Shaks. Cor. 1. vi. 66 He furnaces The thicke sighes from him. 1624 Quarles Div. Poems, Sion's Sonu. xx, Represse those flames, that furnace from thine eye. 2 . trans. To subject to the heat of a furnace. 1612 [see the vbl. sb.]. 1842 T. Graham Chcm. v. 474 It has been proposed, instead of furnacing the sulphate of soda, to decompose it by caustic barytes. 1876 Catal. Sci. App. S. Kens. No. 2726 This mixture is furnaced during a period of 53 hours. fig. 1790 J. Williams Shrove Tuesday (1794) 33 The faithful must be damn’d before they die, And, like th’ asbestos, furnac’d to be white. 1848 Lowell Fable for Critics Poet. Wks. 1890 III. 50 Every word that he speaks has been fierily furnaced In the blast of a life that has struggled in earnest. 3 . To make a furnace in. 1833 [see Chimney v .]. Hence Fivrnaced ppl. a., in quot. fig .; Fu*r- nacing vbl. sb., also attrib. Also Firrnacer. 1612 Sturtevant Metallica (1854) 58 All kinde of ouens, lamps, stoues, kilnes, hearths, all which we generally com¬ prehend vnder the name of Furnacing. Ibid. 59 Furnacing may be briefly touched as being a necessarie instrument in most Inuentions. 1853 Ure Diet. Arts II. 680 The dex¬ terous management of this transposition characterizes a good soda-furnacer. 1862 H. C. Kendall Fainting by Way 5 Poems 20 Furnaced waste lands.. like to stony billows rolled. 1869 — Glen of Arrawatta 167 In soft Australian nights ; And through the furnaced noons. 1880 J. Lomas Alkali Trade 4 The manufacturer should be..able. .to. .perform the furnacing operation himself. Fu*rnage. Obs. exc. Hist. Forms: 4-8 for- nage, (6 firnage), 5- furnage. [a. OF .fornage (F. fournage), f. OY.forn (F. four) L. fum-iis oven.] a. The process of baking ; the price paid for baking, b. Feudal Law. (See quot. 1753 J the interpretation is justified by the med.Lat. quots. in Du Cange s.v. Furnagium.) 1468 in Stow’s Surv. Lond. (ed. Strype 1754) II. 443 / 1 The Baker shall be allowed .. two Lofis for Fornage. a 1470 Tiptoft Cxsar v. (1530) 7 They shulde have no corne to furnage. 1572 in Nichols Progr. Q. Eliz. II. 48 Wood for firnage of breed by the yere. 1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edw. II, § 43 (1876) 26 This serjant shal take for fornage of pain de main for the kinges mouth. 1676-1732 in Coles. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Supp., Fornage the fee taken by a lord from his tenants, bound to bake in the lord’s oven, or for a permission to use their own. 1875 Sussex Gloss., Furnage, a sum formerly paid by the tenants of the Lord of the manor for right to bake in his oven. 1882 A. W. Alexander Preston Guilds 6 A burgess may make an oven upon his grounds, and bake for his furnage for one horse load of flour or meal, one halfpenny. FURNER. 614 FURNISHED. attrib. 1851 Turner Dom. Archit. II. iii. 112 A seigno- rial oven in which all the tenants were obliged to bake their bread and pay furnage dues. Turner (fijunai). Obs. exc. dial. Also 5-6 furnour, 7 furnar. [late ME .furnour, ad. OF. former late 'L.fumarius , f. furn-us oven.] 1 . One who has charge of an oven ; a baker. a 1483 Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. (1790) 70 One yoman furnour also in this office [the Bakehouse] making the weyght of brede. 1555 Will of T. Clayton (Somerset Ho.), To Christofer Strongman my furnour xxs. 1612 Sturtevant Metallica (1854) XI 7 Glasse windowes. .so that thereby the Furnar may continually see and behold his Rawe-matters .. and how his fire and Furnace worketh upon them. 1616 Trav. Eng. Pilgr. in Harl. Misc. I. 338 The country people bring their eggs..to this place, where there is an oven, or furnace, purposely kept temperately warm; and the furner, or master thereof standeth ready at a little door, to receive the eggs. 1736 Lewis Hist. Isle Tenet (ed. 2) 36 Furner , a baker. 1887 Kent Gloss., Furner , a baker. 2 . (See quots.) 1598 Florio, Bisciere , a furner or a maulkin. 1847-78 Halliwell, Furner , a tnalkin for an oven. Line. t Fu rney, v. Obs. In 4 furneye. [ad. OF. fumi-r : see next.] trans. To procure. 13.. Coer de L. 5517 Furneye a tree, styflf and strong. t Fu’rniment. Obs . Also 6 f(o)urnyment, (furnament). [ad. OY.fourniment,i.fournir to Furnish.] a. The state or condition of being fur¬ nished. b. pi. Accoutrements, decorations, fittings. 1553 Brende Q. Cur this m. 14 Neither the men nor the horse .. glistered .. with golde nor precyous furnymentes. 1561 T. Hoby tr. Castiglione's Covrtyer (1577) S ij a, I wyll not haue the Courtier bereaued from hys due honoure and the fournymentes whiche you youre selfe promised hym yesternyght. 1596 Spenser F. Q. iv. iii. 38 They spyde with speedie whirling pace One in a charet of straunge furniment. Furnish. (fB'iniJ), sb. [f. next vb.] + a. A furnishing or providing; cotter, a provision or stock of anything (obs.). + b. The state of being furnished or fitted (obs.). C. colloq. A setting off or embellishing. 1500 Will o/Trcffry (Somerset Ho.\ A Furnyssh of bras. 1604 Daniel Funeral Poem Earl Devonsh ., That furnish perfect held. 1613-21 — Hist. Eng. 169 He sends him a whole Furnish of all Vessels for his Chamber of cleane gold. 1617 Greene's Groat's W. Wit A 3, To lend the world a furnish of witte, she lays her owne to pawne. 1633 J. Done Hist. Septuagint 115 Very liberal! .. chiefly to have in regard the Furnish for these grave and reverent Persons. Ibid. 179 Furniture for the whole furnish of a chamber. 1896 Daily News 7 Mar. 6/3 The chin, .is often the better for the * furnish ’ of the strings. Furnish. (fzrinij), v. Forms: 5-6 fourn-, furnis(s)he, -ys(s)he, (6 fornyssh, furnesshe, -ice), 6-7, 9 Sc. furneis, -ess, -ich, -ise, -yse. [a. OF. furniss - lengthened stem of furttir , also foniir,fonrnir (Y.fournir) = Pr., Sp., P g.fornir, It. fornire , app. a Com. Rom. alteration of an earlier *formire, *fromire (Pr. formir , furmir, fromir ), ad. WGer. *frummjan (OS. frummian, OWG. frummen, MHG. vriimeri) to further, pro¬ mote, accomplish, supply, f. *fnim - (as in OHG., OS .fmma fern., profit, advantage) ablaut-var. of *fram - forward : see From.] + 1 . trans. To accomplish, complete, fulfil. Also with that and obj. clause : To bring about, ensure. c 1477 Caxton Jason 87, I shall not departe me but that I shal furnisshe myn auowe. c 1489 — Blanchardyn ix. (1890) 39 The knyght. .shewed hym the waye that he muste holde for to furnysshe his entrepryse. Ibid, xxxiv. 126 For to see and furnysshe that this were doon. 1494 Fabyan Chron. lxxxiv. 62 To furnysshe or perfourme the Story of Vortiger. £1500 Melusine xx. iii Behighte no thing but that ye may fournysshe & hold it. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon lxxxi. 245, I sawe that I hadde furnysshed your message. 1551 Robinson tr. More's Utop. 1. (1895) 212 A man maye see.. furnished.. those thinges whiche husbande- men doo commenly in other countreys. + 2 . To fill, occupy, garrison (a place, etc.). Const, of with , also simply. Obs. c 1500 Three Kings' Sons (E. E. T. S.) 33 The houses were all fornyssht with folkes. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xxxviii. 52 The cyte was strong, and well furnysshed of men a warr. 1526 Househ. Ord. 153 There shall be a boord.. furnished with lords spirituall and temporal. 1533 Cranmer in Furniv. Ballads fr. MSS. I. 384 Four rich charettes, one of them empty, & three other furnished with divers ancient old ladies. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. x. 278 The Gouernour commandes to furnice the castell of Ed r . be al meines. 1692 Ray Dissol. World Pref. (1732) 11 A World already filled & furnished. t b. To fill, occupy (a position) ; also with out. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 257 There is a place voide and to be furnished. 1583 Golding Calvin on Deut. xviii. 108 That they haue neede to be instructed or els that they cannot furnish out the place to performe their dutie. f 3 . To supply, provide for (needs, occasions, expenses). Obs. 1496 in Ld. Treas. Acc. Scotl. (1877) I. 304 Item, .giffin.. to furnys Margret Drummondis costis in Linlithquho. 1555 L. Saunders in Coverdale Lett. Mart. (1564) 191 My need concerning bodely necessaryes is .. furnyshed by Gods provision. 1666 Marvell Corr. Iii. Wks. 1872-5 II. 192 The House is much in earnest to furnish his Majestye’s present occasions. 4 . To provide or supply with (something neces¬ sary, useful, or desirable, either material or im¬ material). + Also const, in (cf. Find v. 19), of. 1529 Wolsey in Four C. E?ig. Lett. 10 Of evry thyng mete for houssold vnprovydyd and furnyshyd. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon xlvi. 154 Whan the shyppe was fournyshyd with vytaylles, than he put therin his horses. 1550 Crowley Way to Wealth 326 Let your wiues .. furnishe them selues with al pointes of honest housewifery. 1553 Brende Q. Curtius x. 5 To furnish them of iron, hemp and sails. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. v. 301 Scotland had furnist Jngland in all necessaries to the Weiris. 1610 Shaks. 'Temp. 11. ii. 147 Come, sweare to that: kisse the Booke: I will furnish it anon with new Contents. 1625 Purchas Pilgrims II. ix. xv. § 9.1600 Parmezan, of which the Bailo of Venice doth alwayes furnish them. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. in. (1677) 38 Ending at May, at which time the Trees begin to be furnished with Leaves. 1700 Wallis in Collect. (O. H. S.) I. 319 A man may be furnished with genteel accomplishment. 1754 Erskine Princ.Sc. La7v(i8og) 18 An inhabitant, .who has furnished one .. in meat, clothes, or other merchandise. 1772 Mackenzie Man World 11. iv. (1823) 470 There was too much innocence in the breast of Lucy, to suffer it to be furnished with disguise. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 638 The officers .. had orders to furnish him with whatever military aid he might require. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 192 He [Plato] has furnished us with the instruments of thought. + b. intr. for refi. To provide oneself with (something). Obs. 1631 Nath. Ward Let. in Simp. Cobler (1843) 93, I expect measure hard enough and must furnish apace with propor¬ tionable armour. c. (Chiefly in pass.) To provide (an instrument, organ, etc.) with (some appendage subsidiary to its function). 1799 G. Smith Laboratory I. 15 Rockets may be both within and without furnished with crackers. 1816 J. Smith Panorama Sc. $ Art II. 352 Each of the bladders should be furnished with a stopcock. 1830 R. Knox Bedard’s Anat. 19 Bones .. which .. are furnished with a great mass of muscles. 1886 A. Winchell Walks $ Talks Geol. Field 252 The. .tail of this bird, .is furnished with proper quills. 15 . simply. To supply with what is necessary. 1596 Shaks. Merch. V. 11. iv. 9 ’Tis now but foure of clock, we haue two houres To furnish vs. 1611 Bible Ps. lxxviii. 19 Can God furnish a table in the wildernes? 1633 J. Done Hist. Septuagint 76 It is succoured and furnished by the neerenesse of the Port of Ascalon [etc.]. 1668 Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. Man. 11. iii. 318 The outer [branch] ..furnishes the Cheeks and Muscles of the Face. 1688 R. Holme Armoury iii. 185/1 The Abbots Table must be furnished for Strangers. 1743 Lond. $ Country Brew. 11. (ed. 2) 93 The English .. thinking themselves compleatly furnished by Barley and Oat-Malt-Liquors, have supinely neglected the Improvement of the best of all others, t b. To decorate, embellish. Obs. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado iii. i. 103 lie shew thee some attires, and haue thy counsell, Which is the best to furnish me tomorrow. 1690 Halifax Epist. Earl Dorset 185 The wounded Arm wou’d furnish all their Rooms, And bleed for ever Scarlet in the Looms. c. in Hop-growing. (See quot.) 1848 Jml. R. Agric. Soc. IX. 11. 555 It is not. .necessary for the hop-tiers to wait until there are three bines for every pole long enough to tie, that is, for the hills to furnish, as they term it. .When every pole is furnished with three bines pull the remainder out of the hills. Ibid. 556 ,1 have known bine that has been kept back .. by cold weather .. so as not to furnish the poles before the middle of June. + 6. esp. To prepare for work or active service; to equip (a person), caparison, harness (a horse), fit up (a weapon, etc.), fit out (a ship). Obs. 1548 Privy Council Acts (1890) II. 197 Hand-goones furnesshed, cc. 1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. v. ix. (1619) 494 Chosroes, being now furnished to battell. 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI , iv. i. 39 He then, that is not furnish’d in this sort, Doth but vsurpe the Sacred name of Knight. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. ix. 242 How sune the schip was now furpiched, sayle thay lous. 1598 Barret Theor. War res 11. i. 18 He shall not suffer any souldier to come thither without his Armes fully furnished. 1607 Topsell Four-/. Beasts (1658) 244 Bucephalus, .being sadled and furnished, .could endure none but Alexander. 1657 R. Ligon Barbadoes (1673) 22 Far better..to purchase a Plantation there ready furnish’d. 1684 Bunyan Pilgr. 11. 34 There is sufficient to furnish them against all attempts whatsoever. 1703 Maundrell Journ. Jems. (1732) 127 Six led Horses, all of excellent shape, and nobly furnish’d. 1725 Defoe Voy. round World (1840) 2 Every sailor is able to do it if his merchants are but qualified to furnish him for so long a voyage. 7 . To fit up (an apartment, a house) with all requisite appliances, including a supply of movable ‘ furniture ’ (see Furniture 7), which in mod. use is the predominant notion. [1611 Bible Luke xxii. 12 He shall shew you a large vpper roume furnished. (Strictly to sense 5.)] 1650 Evelyn Mem. (1857) b 2 7° ^ stately chamber furnished to have entertained a prince. 1762 H. Walpole Vertue's A need. Paint. I. i. 2 The apartments are lofty and enormous and they knew not how to furnish them. 1838 Thirlwall Greece V. xli. 159 He had taken more pains to furnish his house, than his mind. 1874 Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 342 A church may be furnished, as well as built, by degrees. absol. 1837 Hook in Life I. 407 My lady is very busy a-furnishing. 8. To provide, contribute, afford, supply, yield. The general currency of this sense appears to date from the 18th c., and is perh. due to mod. Fr. influence. The Sc. instances (i6-i7thc.) quoted below may belong to 6. [1563 W1N3ET Wks. (1890) II. 6, I may nocht furnise to this excellent werk euery kind of necessar waippin. 1640-1 Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. (1855) 142 The Committie finding that Johne Wilsone, runaway, in Crocemichael, is unable to goe upon service, .ordaines the said paroche of Crocemichael to furneis ane uther in his place.) 1754 Sher¬ lock Disc. (1759) I. iii. no Philosophy has furnished Difficulties on every Side. 1759 Goldsm. Bee No. 5 Un¬ fort. Merit p 9 The host, .refused to furnish him a dinner without previous payment. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 78 The idea of inheritance furnishes a sure principle of conservation. 1809 Med. Jrnl. XXI. 390 The exhalents .. furnish a fluid similar in use to the secretion of the lachrymal gland. 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lamps iv. § 29. 119 The pinnacles furnish the third term to the spire and tower. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 453 The proof which you desire has been already furnished. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. I. iii. 25 note , Rhode Island .. has furnished the most abundant analogies to the Greek republics of antiquity. 9 . dial. = Burnish v , 2 Hence in Stable slang , of a horse: To fill out, gain in strength and ‘condition'. (Cf. Furnished 2 b.) 1862 H. Kingsley Ravenshoe II. x. 103 The horse had fur¬ nished so since then. 1883 Standard 19 May 3/3 Being a big horse he is not quite furnished yet. Mod. (Suffolk) ‘ She is tall for age, and thin ; now, it is to be hoped, she will begin to furnish ’. 10 . With adverbs. a. Furnish forth. Used by Shaks. with the sense =5, 6 above; echoed by later writers (by Scott in the more recent sense 8). 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV , 1. ii. 251 Will your Lordship lend mee a thousand pound, to furnish me forth ? 1602 — Ham. 1. ii. 181 The Funeral Bake-meats Did coldly furnish forth the Marriage Tables. 1810 Scott Lady of L. 1. xxii, Our broad nets have swept the mere, To furnish forth your evening cheer. 1825 Cobbett Rur. Rides 188, I got myself well furnished forth as a defence against the rain. b. Furnish out. {a) To supply what is lack¬ ing in ; to complete. ( b ) To supply adequate materials or provision for. ( c ) To send out with proper equipment or training. Now rare. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iv. (1586) 184 b, When . .you are to furnish out the number, you must [etc.]. 1581 Mulcaster Positions ii. (1887) 5 To furnish out all know¬ ledge in the cunning, and all iudgement in the wise. 1607 Shaks. Timon III. iv. 116 There’s not so much left to furnish out a moderate Table. 1639 Fuller Holy Warv. v. (1647) 2 36 They, .improved their interest with all their benefactours, to furnish out a fleet. 1662 H. More Philos. Writ. Pref. Gen. (1712) 22 Whose great example, furnished out many undaunted Champions of the Christian Faith. 1702 Addison Dial. Medals i. 16 How many Heroes would Moor-fields have furnished out in days of old. 1750 Johnson Rambler No. 1 p 15 He may yet have enough to furnish out an essay. 1847 L. Hunt Men , Women , B. I. xiv. 268 Modern customs, .often leave to the imagination the task of furnishing out the proper quantity of beauty. + c. Furnish up. (a) To supply the necessary material for, make up, bring into a complete form. (b) To fit up with proper equipment. Obs. x 573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 9 Here was stuf gud plente to furnish up a trim tragedi. 1593 Abp. Bancroft Daung. Posit, in. xiii. 115 Before a Nationall Synode be celebrated, let it be called three monethes afore, that they may prepare and furnish vp those thinges, that belong vnto it. 1606 G. W[oodcoci*mitnu). Forms: 6 forniture, (furnature, furnitury), 6-7 furnyture, 6- fur¬ niture. [ad. Y.foumiture (fortieture, 13th c.), f. fournir to Furnish. Cf. Sp., It. fornitura. (Many of the applications, including the important sense 7, have been developed in Eng.)] + 1 . The action of furnishing: a. The action of fitting out or equipping, of accomplishing (a design), or of providing with (supplies) ; occas. furniture forth. Ohs. 1529 Wolsey in Four C. Eng. Lett, ii Appoyntyng such thyngs as shuld be convenient for my furniture. 1531 Elyot Gov. 1. xvi, Exercises, apt to the furniture of a gentilemannes personage. 1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 14 The said owners shalbe more charged for the furniture of their shippes .. with vitailes. 1550 in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) II. xxxiv. 282 The King..granted 200 mark..toward the charge of the said Earls furniture. 1563 Shute Archil. B iij b, You must deuide all your seuerall places of offices appartayning to the furniture of your house. 1577-87 Holinshed Chron. III. 855/2 That he should be at so great charges for his furniture foorth at this time. 1581 Lambarde Eiren. 11. iv. (1588) 172 For the more complete furniture of the Iustice of the Peace in this seruice. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, in. iii. 226 There shalt thou know thy Charge, and there receiue Money and Order for their Furniture. i6ix Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xii. (1622) 711 Toward the furniture of his hostile designs hee had extraordinary Subsidy granted. 1668-83 Owen Exp. Heb. (1790) IV. ^3 The furniture of the Lord Christ.. to the discharge of his work of mediation, was the peculiar act of the Father. 1699 Bentley Phal. 359 For a hundred years after the beginning of the Thurian Government, the Expense and Furniture of Tragedy was very moderate. f b. The action of decorating or embellishing ; a means of doing this. Hence cotter, a decoration, an embellishment; also collect. Ohs. 1548 Gest Pr. Masse 132 As they [the gospell and epystell] be inserted and placed in the pryvee masse to the furniture, worship, and commendation therof. 1549 Cover- dale, etc. Erasm. Par. Jas. 25 Nothing wanting.. that perteyneth to the perfite absolute furniture of the godlynes of the Gospell. Ibid., 1 Cor. xi. 15 It is to a womanne a fur¬ niture to haue long heare. 1561 Hoby tr. Castiglione's Covrtyer (1577) X6a, Laughters, gestures, and all the other pleasaunte furnitoures of beautye. 160 x R. Johnson Kingd. <$* Cotnmw. (1603) 138 They adorne themselves with plumes and feathers of eagles. .These and such like furnitures do cause them to be discerned of their fellowes. 16x3 Shaks. Hen. VIII, 11. i. 99 See the Barge be ready; And fit it with such furniture as suites The Greatnesse of his Person. 1633 G. Herbert Temple, Affliction ii, I looked on thy furniture so fine, a 1677 Barrow Serm. Wks. 1716 II. 21 That God. .should erect this stately fabrick of heaven and earth decked with so rich and goodly furniture. + c. The action of supplying, affording, or yield¬ ing. Ohs. 1646 Evelyn Diary ( 1889) 1 .227 Passing by the Euganean hills, celebrated for the furniture of rare simples, which we found growing about them, a 1649 Drumm. of Hawth. Jas. V, Wks. (1711)93 They, .stop all furniture of food and victuals. 1690 E. Gee Jesuit's Mem. 141 The provision and furniture of Vestments. 2 . The condition of being equipped whether in body or mind; equipment in dress or armour; preparedness for action; mental cultivation, culture. Obs. exc. arch. + Furniture of (arts): the being equipped with or accomplished in. Cf. 5, 5 b. 1560 D.\us.tr. Sleidane’s Comm. 260b, They ..through their [cities’] force, & furniture, haue gotten the landes & possessions of others. 157X Golding Calvin on Ps. ii. 4 David hath reherced .. the furniture and powers .. of his enemies. 1594 Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits (1616) 129 The perfection of pleading required the notice and furniture of all the arts in the world. 1596 Shaks. Tam. Shr. iv. iii. 183 Neither art thou the worse For this poore furniture, and meane array. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 662 Souldiers. .differing, .in language, countenance, and manner of furniture, a 1656 Hales Gold. Rem. (1688) 17 Great defect of inward Furniture and Worth. 1657 Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 83 You will inform yourself of the. .furniture of the French on the Mediterranean Seas. 1748 j. Mason Elocut. 8 A Thing that hath been often attempted by Men of mean Furniture. 1846 Urwick Life Hoive in H.'s Wks. p. ii, The Gospel had to grapple with antagonists of no common nerve, furniture and skill. t b. The condition of being occupied (by per¬ sons) ; complement of occupants. Obs. 1526 Househ. Ord. (1790) 153 There shall be a boord.. furnished with lords spirituall and temporal .. being above the degree of a barron ; and lacking such furniture to supply and fulfill the same boord with barrons. f 3 . That with which one is provided; a pro¬ vision, stock, or supply of anything (whether ma¬ terial or immaterial); stores in general, provisions; necessaries. Obs. 1549 Somerset Let. to Hoby in Strype Eccl. Mem. II. App. FF. 106 Their victuals and other provisions, wherof they had gotten large furniture. X570 Billingsley Euclid 11. i. 62 Great increase and furniture of knowledge. 1577-87 Holinshed Scot. Chron. (1805) II. 210 He left .. his own treasurie not emptie, but abundantly stored with gold, silver and other furniture. 1632 Lithgow Trav. v. 235 Wee were particularly searched, to the effect wee carried in no Furniture of Armes, nor Powder with us. 1670 Narborough Jml. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1711) 95 Ships .. which come from Lima with Furniture for the People. 1683 Cave Ecclesiastici, Chrysostom 528 Having thus ransack’d the Sacred Treasuries, and carried away a noble Furniture of Divine Learning. 1725 Watts Logic iii. iv. § 2 Enlarge your general acquaintance with things daily, in order to attain a rich furniture of topics. 1787 Best Angling (ed. 2)4 Fishes considered as a food, make a considerable addition to the furniture of the table. b. That with which something is or may be stocked ; something to fill or occupy (a receptacle, etc.), contents. Now rare. 1612 T. Taylor Comm. Titus i. 15 For first, whose are the heauens and earth, and the furniture of them? 1692 Ray Dissol. World iii. xi. (1732) 415 The Earth remaining without any Furniture or Inhabitants. 1788 Cowper Let. to Mrs. Hill 17 Mar., I am likely to be furnished soon with shelves, .but furniture for these shelves I shall not presently procure, unless by recovering my stray authors. 1828-31 Miss Berry Soc/Life Eng. <$• Fr. 107 The modern furniture of a circulating library. 1851 D. Jf.rrold St. Giles xi. 109 The furniture of his pocket, and his outside chattels in no way harmonising together. 4 . Means of equipment. a. Apparel, dress, outfit, personal belongings. Also pi. in the same sense. Obs. 1566 Painter Pal. Pleas. I. 52 His wife sitteth vpon the ground, apparelled with those furnitures that he did weare. 1605 Verstegan Dec.Intell. x. (1628)322 The office of prouid- ing furniture for the armie. 1633 Massinger Guardian 11. iv, How shall we know them?..if horsemen, by short boots, And riding furniture of several counties. 1672-3 Marvell Reh. Transp. I. iii The king would find himself incom¬ moded with all that furniture upon his back. 1748 Smol¬ lett Rod. Rand. (1760) I. viii. 44 My companion being charged with the furniture of us both, crammed into one knapsack. + b. Armour, accoutrements, weapons, munitions of war. Also, a suit of armour. Obs. 1569 in Strype Ann. Ref. I. Iv. 603 They shall want furniture; your self shall have abundance. 1570-6 Lam¬ barde Peramb. Kent (1826) 301 Sallet, shield, sword, and.. many other partes of defensive and invasive furniture. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. Ixxviii. 158 b, The Boates went verye heauie laden with theyr furniture. i6ox R. Johnson Kingd. # Commw. (1603) 77 It is thought that there is inough to arme 70,000, of which may be som x or 12,000 furnitures for horsemen. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 214 Caused, .most part of his furniture to be convaied by the Caspian Sea. 1626 Impeachm. Dk. Buckhm. (Camden) 63 Two warlike furnitures and their bandeliers. 1648 Bury Wills (Camden) 209 My horse and horse armo r , pistolls, and the other furniture belonging thereto. 1678 Bunyan Pilgr. 1. 62 They showed him all manner of furniture which their Lord had provided for Pilgrims. fig. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. To Rdr., Sufficient furniture to arme. .them against ignoraunce. 1581 J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 207 He armed hym with sufficient furniture agaynst sinne. c. The harness, housings, trappings, etc. of a horse or other draught animal; rarely in pi. a single article of this kind. Similarly, the hood, bells, etc. of a hawk. 1553 Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 15 Precious stones.. wherewith y® trappers, barbes and other furnitures of his horse are couered. 1577-87 Holinshed Chron. III. 1171/1 He kept in his stable .. twentie great horsse .. and had in a readinesse furniture for them all to serue in the field. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 127 They are able, .to set out with furniture 300 Elephants. 1611 Bible Gen. xxxi. 34 Rachel had taken the images, and put them in the camels furniture. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. 11. (1677) 180 A Hawk newly taken ought to have all new Furniture. 1716 B. Church Hist. Philip's War (1865) I. 20 They provided him a Horse and Furniture. 1781 Gibbon Decl. Sf F. II. xxxv. 299 The saddles and rich furniture of the cavalry were collected. 1806 A. Duncan Nelson s Funeral 35 Six led horses, in elegant furniture. 1851 D. Wilson Preh. Ann. (1863) II. iii. vi. 159 Bridle-bits and other portions of horse furniture. 1862 Stanley Jew. Ch. (1877) I. iii. 53 The seats and furniture of the camels stowed within the covering of the tents. d. Hangings and ornamental drapery; also, the coverlets and linen for a bed. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 245 His bed, and the ne- cessarie furniture thereunto belonging. 1683 Tryon Way to Health 586 Most People take care that their Furnitures are daily brushed and rubbed. 1705 Stanhope Paraphr. I. 34 The way before him not covered with Tapestry or rich Furniture. 1728 Newton Chronol. Amended ii. 241 Menes taught them to adorn their beds and tables with rich furniture. 1791 Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest viii, She. .perceived a broken bedstead, with some decayed rem¬ nants of furniture. 1855 Browning Fra Lippo 64 Curtain and counterpane and coverlet, All the bed-furniture. 5 . Apparatus,appliances, or instruments for work, a. material: Implements, tools, utensils; rigging, stores, and tackle of a ship; military engines and defensive works. Now chiefly Naut. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Hush. 1. (1586) 11 Hesiodus would have a husbande have all his furniture redy. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda’s Conq. E. Ind. xxix. 73 b, The tackling with the other furniture of the Shippes. .made such a terrible noyse. 1590 Spenser Muiopot. 56 Yong Clarion .. did cast abroad to fare; And theretoo gan Ids furnitures prepare. 1600 Surflet Countrie Farme 1. xxiiL 125 A cow is not of so great charge to maintaine and keepe ..neither yet of her handling..neither yet in furniture. 1601 R. Johnson Kingd. # Commw. 30 Ladders, bridges, shot, powder, and other furnitures. 1602 Segar Hon. Mil. $ Civ. 173 A Fained fortresse, with Trenches, Baracadoes, and other furniture of defence was erected. 1652 Needham tr. Selden’s Mare Cl. 77 It was provided that Antiochus should surrender his long ships and their warlike furniture. 1667 Milton P. L. ix. 34 Tilting Furniture, emblazon’d Shields, Impreses quaint, Caparasons and Steeds. 1680 H. More Apocal. Apoc. 125 Images or Idols, and such gross furniture of their worship. 1795 in Nicolas Disp. Nelson (1846) VII. p. xxvii, The yawl astern swamped, and was lost with all her furniture. 1800 Med. Jrnl. Iv. 182 A very useful and commendable piece of furniture. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-l>k., Furniture, the rigging, sails, spars, anchors, cables, boats, tackle, provisions, and every article with which a ship is fitted out. b. immaterial; esp. Of intellectual faculties, or FUBNITURE. 616 FURRING. aptitudes ; now only with mental or some equiva¬ lent defining expression. In the quots. the sense borders closely on 2. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 11. 146 He now refuseth and abhorreth the sacrificing of beastes, and al that furniture of the Leuiticall Presthode, wherwith in the olde time he was delited. 1609 Dekker Guls Home-bk. vii. 32 That qualitie. .is the onely furniture to a Courtier thats but a new beginner, and is but in his ABC of Complement. 1677 Gilpin Demonol. (1867) 52 All the malice, power, cruelty, and diligence of which we have spoken.. are but his furniture and accomplishment which fit him for his subtle contrivances of delusion. 1788 Reid Aristotle’s Log. ii. § 2. 26 Thus the whole furniture of the human mind is presented to us at one view. 1833 I* Taylor Fanat. 1. 21 His faculty and furniture of mind would have been employed in defending himself. 1887 Lowell Democr., etc. 52 Impressed with the statesmanlike furniture of his mind. 1894 Daily News 5 Mar. 5/8 Lord Russell .. had a mental furniture fit for repose. 6. Accessories, appendages. (Formerly also pi. in the same sense.) Now only techn. in specific applications; used, e. g., for the finger-plates, handles, locks, etc. of a door ; the plates and handles, etc. of a coffin ; and the like. 1568 Wills <$• Inv. N. C. (Surtees 1835) I. 282 One syde sadle w th the furnitury. 1578 Timme Caluine on Gen. 52 The woman .. was nothing else but the addition and furni¬ ture of the man. 1615 Nottingham Rec . (1889) IV. 339 16 musketts or bastard musketts, and furnytures to them. a 1718 Penn Tracts Wks. 1726 I. 870 A plain Coffin, without any Covering or Furniture upon it. 1729 Shel- vocke Artillery in. 149 To force up the Rocket and all its Furniture. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) III. 125 The stag and fallow deer. Alike., in the superb furni¬ ture of their heads. 1808 Beverley Lighting Act 20 The posts, irons, cover, or other furniture of any such lamp. 1810 Snorting Mag. XXXV. 299 The two competitors for the enemy’s furniture [fox’s brush]. 1859 Gwilt Archit. Gloss., Furniture , the visible brass work of locks, knobs to doors, window-shutters, and the like. 1866 Rogers Agric. 7e }>onne wile hwile saed ojffaestan £>am drium furum. 955 Charter of Eadred in Birch Cartul. Sax. III. 70 Andlang weges to fcere £edrifonan furh, andlang fyrh oh hit cym# [etc.]. C1220 Bestiary 398 [This der] goS o felde to a fur3, and failed 5 ar-inne .. forto bilirten fu3eles. c 1374 Chaucer Former Age 12 No man yit knew the forwes of his lond. 14.. Tretyce in W. of Henley's Hush. (1890) 47 Yeff [ye] sowe your lande vnder \>e foroughe let it be ereyd. c 1440 Bo?ie Flor. 746 He stroke the stede with the spurrys, He spared nodur rygge nor forows. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 34 Wheate is mooste commonlye sowen vnder the forowe, that is to saye, caste it vppon the falowe, and than plowe it vnder. 1583 Stubbes Anat. Abus. 11. (1882) 77 A man., shuld take his plow, and go draw a furrow in a field. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. 111. 797 The lab’ring Swain Scratch'd with a Rake, a Furrow for his Grain. 1728-46 Thomson Spring 37 The well-us’d plough Lies in the furrow. 1807 Crabbe Par. Reg. 1. 658 The straightest furrow lifts the ploughman's heart. 1831 Sir J. Sinclair’s Corr. II. 365 The chief furrows, which conduct the choaked-up water, are always laid out by the agriculturist himself. 1883 Mac- fadyen in Congregat. Year Bk. 47 The furrow is uneven because an ox and an ass draw the plough. / 3 . c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 1565 pay.. Ne spared rigges noJ?er vores; til pay mette pat pray, c 1470 Henry Wallace 1. 405 The suerd flaw fra him a fur breid on the land. 1513 Douglas AEneis vii. iv. 20 A lityll fur, To mark the fund- ment of his new citie. 1600 Dymmok Ireland (1843) 42 Men..hidd themselves lyke fearefull hares in the furres. 1641 Best Farm, Bks. (Surtees) 44 The furre on your lefte hande is the best for the fore-furre ; for then the come falleth the fittest for the hande. 1765 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 238 The plough will..go upon the points of the irons, which will make her..make a bad fur. 1816 Scott Old Mort. xiv, * I wad.. turn sic furs on the bonny rigs o’ Milnwood holms, that it wad be worth a pint but to look at them.’ 1877-89 N. W. Line. Gloss., Fur , a furrow. ‘ Th’ furs was all full o' watter on pag-rag daay, an' soa th’ taaties rotted.’ b. transf. and fig., esp. in allusion to the track of a vessel over the sea. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus. vii. 3 Sowe thou not eueles in the foorewes of vnri3twisnesse. 1535 Coverdale Ps. cxxviii[i]. VOL. IV. 3 The plowers plowed vpon my backe, and made longe forowes. 1589 Pasquils Ret. Cb, God shall .. punish euery forrow they haue plowed vpon his backe. £1600 Shaks. Sonn. xxii, When in thee times forrwes I behould. 1814 Cary Dante , Par. n. 15 Marking well the furrow broad Before you in the wave. 1842 Tennyson Ulysses 59 Push off. .smite The sounding furrows. 1887 Bowen Virg. AEneid v. 157 Each with her long keel ploughing in lengthened furrows the brine. c. poet. Used loosely for arable land, a piece of ploughed land, the cornfields. a. c 1380 Sir Ferumb.^ 5593 Ac sone sterte he vp of pe for}. 1610 Shaks. Temp. iv. i. 135 You Sun-burn’d Sicklemen of August weary, Come hether from the furrow, and be merry. 1634 Milton Counts 292 What time the laboured ox In his loose traces from the furrow came. 1735 Somerville Chase 11.130 See how they thread The Brakes, and up yon Furrow drive along. 0 . 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xvii. 12 Barronis takis .. All fruct that growis on the feure. d. (I11 form fur.) A ploughing. Now only So. 1610 W. Folkingham Art of Survey 1. xi. 43 Their seuerall orders and seasons for fallowing, twifallowing, trifallowing and seed-furre. 1743 Maxwell Trans. Soc. Improv. Agric. Scotl. 21 It is advised to plow it with all convenient Haste, that so it may have got three Furs betwixt and the latter End of April or Beginning of May ; the first to be cloven, the second a cross Fur, the third to be gathered. + 2 . In extended sense : A trench, drain. Obs. £1330 Arth. <$• Merl. 3460 pe kni}t fel ded in a forwe. Ibid. 8184 He cleued thurch..king Beas doun in a furch. 1382 Wyclif i Kings xviii. 32 And he made a water cundid, as by two litil forwis in envyroun of the auter. £ 1420 Pallad. on Husb. vi. 36 A forgh iij footes deep thy landes thorgh. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iv. 121 Out of a fountaine water is somtime dronk .. somtime by forrowes is conueied to the watering of groundes. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. 11. (1586)72 If you will needes plante the same yeere.det the furrowes be made at least two moneths before. 1611 Bible Ezek. xvii. 7 That hee might water it by the furrowes of her plantation. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 600 Carrying it [Water] in some long Fur¬ rowes ; And from those Furrowes, drawing it trauerse. 1765 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 144 The soil..will not give it a passage into the furrows or drains. 1884 Chr. World 21 Feb. 134/3 Fortunately, our water furrow is a swift-flowing stream. f 3 . A quantity (of land) having the length or breadth of a furrow. Obs. c 1300 Havelok 1004 Ne shulde he hauen of Engelond Onlepi forw in his nond. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xm. 372 pat a fote londe or a forwe fecchen I wolde. 1390 Gower Conf. III. 245 Til they have with a plough to-broke A furgh of lond. £1425 Wyntoun Cron. ix. v. 135 Dat nowpir Fure na Fute of Land Wes at paire Pes pan of Ingland. £1470 Henry Wallace vm. 22 Off him I held neuir a fur off land. 4 . Anything resembling a furrow; a. generally, e. g. a rut or track, a groove, indentation, or de¬ pression narrow in proportion to its length. £1374 Chaucer Boeth. v. metr. v. 132 (Camb. MS.) Som of hem. .drawen after hem a traas or a forwh I-kountynued. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. cxxix. (1495) 938 Orbita is the forough of a whele that makyth a depe forough in the wyndynge and trendlynge abowte. 1513 Douglas AE?ieis 11. xi. 32 Thair followis [the sterne] a streme of fire, or a lang fur. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts (1658) 282 The first furrow of the mouth—I mean that which is next unto the upper fore-teeth. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 4 There were several great and deep scratches, or furrows. 1712 Addison Sped. No. 416 P 2 The different Furrows and Impressions of the Chisel. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 205 The middle waters .. sink in a furrow. 1813 J. Thomson Led. Inflam. 615 This ligature produced a slight furrow in the arm. b. on the face : A deep wrinkle. 1589 Greene Tullies Loue Wks. (Grosart) VII. 204 If it [my brow] once proue full of angrie forrowes. 1609 Dekker Guls Horne-bk. i. 7 Now those furrowes are fild vp with Ceruse and Vermilion. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian vi, Habitual discontent had fixed the furrows of their cheeks. 1859 Helps Friends in C. Ser. 11. II. iv. 86 They make., furrows in the cheeks of the sufferers. c. Milling. One of the grooves in the face of a millstone. Ftirrow and land (see quot. 1880). 1825 J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 144 When the fur¬ rows become blunt and shallow by wearing, the running stone must be taken up, and both stones new dressed with a chisel and hammer. 1870 Eng. Mech. 28 Jan. 485/2 Cutting all the short furrows into the master furrow. 1880 Antrim <$• Down Gloss., Furrow and Land , the hollows and heights on the surface of a mill-stone. d. Anat. y Zool., etc. (= L. sulcus). 1807-26 S. Cooper First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 301 The lateral sinuses .. occupy the deep transverse furrows in the middle of the inner surface of the os occipitis. 1832 De la Beche Geol. Man. (ed. 2) 327 Whorls, .divided by eight or ten furrows into as many imbricating joints. 1846 Ellis Elgin Marb. II. 26 A furrow which forms the line of con¬ tact with the forehead. 1868 Darwin Anim. PI. I. v. 140 The external orifice or furrow of the nostrils was also twice as long. 1874 Lubbock Orig. Met. Lis. iii. 45 The median furrow easily discerned. 1879 Calderwood Mind <$■ Br. ii. 12 The soft mass [of the brain] being arranged alternately in ridges, and in grooves or furrows. e. Bot. 1725 Bradley Fam. Did., Furrow, among Botanists .. signifies a Ridge or Swelling on the Sides either of a Tree, Stalk, or Fruit. 1776 Withering Brit. Plants (1796) I. 151 Seed single .. marked with a furrow lengthways. 1862 Darwin Fertil. Orchids iii. 118 If the furrow be touched very gently by a needle .. it instantly splits along its whole length. 1882 Vines Sachs' Bot. 396 The arrangement of.. projecting longitudinal ridges, and depressions or furrows, is exactly repeated. 5 . att rib. and Comb ., as furrow -water ; furrow- cloven, -like adjs. Also furrow-board = Mould- board ; furrow-drain (see quot.), hence furi'ow- drain vb., -draining ; *j* furrow-face, one who has a wrinkled face; furrow-faced, -fronted a., having furrows or wrinkles on the face or forehead; fur¬ row- (dial, fur-) side, the side of the plough to¬ wards the furrows already made; furrow-slice, the slice of earth turned up by the mould-board of the plough ; furrow-weed, a weed that grows on the ‘ furrow* or ploughed land. 1649 *Furrow-board [see Earth-board]. 1847 Tennyson Princess vii. 192 The firths of ice That huddling slant in *furrow-cloven falls. 1858 Simmonds Dzc/. Trade, * Furrenv- drain , a deep open channel made by a plough to carry off water. 1846 McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 593 The new practice of *furrow-draining has been the most important of the recent improvements in Scotch agriculture. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. iii. iv. 130 b, Pale, and leane, ^furrow-faces. 1605 B. Jonson Volpone I. i, I..expose no ships To threat’nings of the *furrow- faced sea. 1640 Rawlins Rebellion 11. i. The *furrow- fronted Fates have made an Anvill To forge diseases on. 1879 D. M. Wallace Australas. xi. 225 The loose surface ..sometimes forming hilly undulations, at others *furrow- like ripples. 1765 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 215 This lessens the resistance from the *furrow-side. Ibid. 235 If the beam points to the fur-side, the plough will have too much land ; and if it points to the land-side, the plough will have too little land. 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. (1807) I. 5 The perfect turning over of the *furrow-slice. 1862 J. Wilson Farming 206 In ploughing for a seed-bed the furrow-slice is usually cut about 5 inches deep. 1679 Dryden TV. <$* Cr. 11, iii, *Furrow Water Is all the Wine we taste. 1605 Shaks. Lear iv. iv. 3 He was met euen now As mad as the vext Sea, singing alowd, Crown’d withranke Fenitar and *furrow weeds. Furrow (for o'*), v. Also 5 forow, 6 furow, 7 furr. [f. prec. sb.] 1 . trans. To make furrows in (earth) with a plough; to plough. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 354 They [oxen] drawe the plough, they furrowe the soyle. 1607 Topsell Fourf. Beasts (1658) 48 They furrow the earth like a draught of Oxen with a plow. 1894 T. Roosevelt in Forum (U. S.) Apr. 202 Fields already fifty times furrowed by the German ploughs. fg. 1847 James Convict v, Heaven, .furrows the heart with griefs to produce a rich crop of joys hereafter. b. transf. To make a track or tracks in (water); to cleave ; to plough. £ 1425 Found. $t. Bartholomew's (E. E. T. S.) 43 Certeyne shypmen at sandwyche, glad and mery with a prosperous cowrse forowid the dowtable see. a 1547 Surrey AEneid II. 1038 Long to furrow large space of stormy seas. 1583 Stanyhurst AEneis iii. (Arb.) 76 With woodden vessel thee rough seas deepelye we furrowe. 1632 J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 39 Prince Meleneone furrowed the surging waves. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. iii. i. § 10 They pass down the strong current of Time with the same facility that a well built ship, .doth furrow the Ocean. 1814 Scott Lord of Isles iv. xiii { Now launch’d once more, the inland sea They furrow with fair augury. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. iii. 39 The whole sea was in places furrowed by them [porpoises]. 1876 R. F. Burton Gorilla L. I. 171 We .. saw sundry shoals of fish furrowing the water. 2 . To make furrow-like depressions, indentations, or channels in. Also with up. 1609 Holland Amm. Marcell. xxix. i. 354 When..they began to .. varie in their words, after their sides were throughly furrowed [L.fodicatis]. 1692 Bentley Boyle Led. viii. 298 Furrowed from Pole to Pole with the Deep Channel of the Sea. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iii. 656 The chapt Earth is furrow'd o’er with Chinks. 1732 Lediard Sethos II. vii. 83 They furrow’d their bodies with sharp stones. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VII. 328 After furrowing up the sand, it hides itself under it, horns and all. 1834 J. Forbes Laennec's Dis. Chest (ed. 4) 287 A hard and irregular surface, furrowed by linear marks. 1863 Baring-Gould Iceland 116 Then [the wind] rolls on¬ ward to furrow the snows on Eiriks Jokull. 1879 Brown¬ ing Ivan Iva?iovilch 225 O God, the feel of the fang furrowing my shoulder ! see 1 It grinds—it grates the bone. b. To make wrinkles in. 1593 Shaks. Rich. II, 1. iii. 229 Thou canst helpe time to furrow me with age. 1627-77 Feltham Resolves 1. xiii. 20 Another lives hardly here, with a heavy heart, furrowing of a mournful face. 1661 Sir A. Haslerig's Last . Will *n?ules), a. [f. Furrow sb.+ -less.] Having no furrows, grooves, or wrinkles. a 1847 Eliza Cook River Thought v, The furrowless brow. 18.. Lowell Pio?ieer Poet. Wks. (1890) I. 248 When all before him stretches, furrowless and lone. Furrowy (fowd), a. [f. Furrow sb. + -y *.] Full of furrows or wrinkles. 1611 Cotgr., Rayonner , to furrow; make furrowes, or make furrowie. 1818 Milman Samor 267, I should have known, though furrowy, sunk and wan, That face. 1829 Blackw. Mag. XXV. 71 We view their furrowy track. 1847 Tennyson Princess 111.158 A double hill ran up his furrowy forks Beyond the thick-leaved platans of the vale. tru •rrure. Obs. Also 4 for(r)-, furrour(e, 5 forer, forur(e, furure, furrur. [a. OF .forreure, fourreure (mod.F .fourrure),i. forrer,fourrer , Fur vi] Fur; a trimming, lining, or adornment of fur. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 373 He usede forours of symple prys. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) xxiii. 247 The folk of that Contree usen alle longe Clothes with outen Furroures. 1420 E. E. Wills (1882) 54 Also I will bat all p" ffurrurs pat I haue, be sould and doon for my saule. 1439 Hid. 118 All my.. clothis of silke, with-oute ffurrereur fszV]. 1463 Mann. <$• Househ. Exp. 151 Item, he owyth ffor the forer off the same gowne, x. li. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxv. 229 No clothe that was wrought oute of Englond .. ne furrur of beyonde the see. attrib. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 475 Furrour skynnes. Furry (fz>*ri), a. (and sb.) [f. Fur sb. +-y 1 .] A. adj. 1 . Of or composed of fur; consisting of furs. a 1674 Milton Hist. Mosc. ii. (1851) 483 The Furs which clothe them; the furry side in Summer outward. 1725 Pope Odyss. xvii. 40 Euryclea spreads With furry spoils of beasts the splendid beds. 1881 R. Routledge Hist. Sc. i. 1 Man is even unprotected from the vicissitudes of the seasons by the furry coat which covers the beasts of the field. 2 . Of animals ; Covered with fur ; furred. 1687 Dryden Hind fy P. in. 25 The time When all her furry sons in frequent senate met. 1823 Byron Juan x. xxvi, Bear-skins black and furry. 1873 G. C. Davies Mount. Sf Mere viii. 59 A furry little water-rat swimming along by the edge of the bank. fig. 1865 Pall Mall G. 22 June 11 He is one of those sleek ‘ furry * little men who are met with in all close religious communities. 3 . Of persons : Wearing fur, clad in furs. 17x7 Fenton Ode Ld. Gower 36 From Volga’s Banks, th* imperious Czar Leads forth his Furry Troops to War. 4 . Made of fur, lined or trimmed with fur. 1865 Kingsley Herew. vi, His furry cloak shewed him to be no common man. 1872 Bryant Poems , Little People of Show 97 With ample furry robe Close-belted round her waist, b. transf. and fig. 1691 Dryden K. Arthur in. ii, Awake, awake, And winter from thy furry mantle shake. 17x6 Rowe Ode for N. Year 1717 b Winter! thou hoary, venerable Sire, All richly in tny furry Mantle clad. 1835 Sir J. Ross Narr. •znd Voy. xlvi. 591 We wrap ourselves up in a sort of furry contentment. 5 . Resembling fur, fur-like, soft. X876 T. Hardy Ethelberta (1890) 88 An open space., floored at the bottom with. .cushions of furry moss. 6. Of the nature of, or coated with, fur or morbid matter. 1739 ‘ R. Bull’ tr. Dedekindus* Grobianus 222 Laughter misbecomes Foul furry Teeth. 1836 T. Hook G. Gurney III. i. 31 Two foggy decanters, half full of the remnants of yesterday’s libation, with a sort of furry rim just over the surface. 1856 Canning in Hare 2 Noble Lives (1893) II. 89 One’s shoes get furry with mildew in a day. 1871 Napheys Prev. <$• Cure Dis. in. ii. 624 Yellowish furry coating [of the tongue], t B. sb. A hairy caterpillar. Obs. 1598 Florio, Millefiiedi, a worme having manie feete, called a furrie or a palmer. Purry (fo ri), sb . 1 dial. [Peril, in some way connected with Fair sb., L. ferial] A festival observed at Helston, Cornwall, on the eighth of May ; also, a peculiar dance used on that occasion. (The IV. Cornwall Gloss, gives Faddy and Flora as synonyms.) Also attrib. 1790 in Gentl. Mag. LX. 1.520 At Helstone. .it is customary to dedicate the 8th of May to revelry.. It is called the Furry - day. 1848 C. A. Johns Week at Lizard 225 A large party of ladies and gentlemen .. commence a peculiar kind of dance, called ‘ the furry'. 1872 Hardwick Trad. Latic. 87 Aspring festival, .annually celebrated at Helston. .named the * Furry’, or gathering. t Fu*rry, v. Obs. rare. [? back-formation from Furrier j .] trans. To quarter (soldiers). 1579 Fenton Guicciard. 11. 89 The armie being furried in many partes of the realme .. lived in such vnbrideled incon- tinencie [etc.]. Fursday, Sc. var. of Thursday. Furse, obs. form of Fierce. t Fu’rsell. Obs. [dim. of Furze.] = Furze. 1639 T. De Grey Compl. Horseman 5 Underwoods, Bushes, Fursells, Broome. t FuTshe, a. Her. Obs. rare . [a. F .fourcMe : see Forche a.] =Forche^. 1572 Bossewell Armorie 11. 136 Beareth party per pale Sable and Argent, a crosse Furshe of the one and the other. Furst, var. of Frist and obs. f. of First, Thirst. [Furt, in Diets, explained 1 theft \ is a misprint in the later edd. of Tomkis’s Albumazar for furie .] Furth, obs. and Sc. form of Forth. t Firrther, sb. Obs. [f. Further vi] The action of the vb. Further; = Furtherance. 1526 Q. Margt. (Scotl.) Let. Wolsey (MS. Caligula B. viii. 160) in M. A. Everett Wood Lett. R. Illustr. Ladies II. 9 The said bearer, whom pleaseth you, my Lord, cause have good further and expedition of his errands. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 522 Commending him that he had done sic thing, In so greit forder of the commoun weill. 1641 Hinde y. Bruen xxviii. 87 For the increase of Religion and further of the Gospel. 1785 Burns 3 rd Ep. to J. Lapraik 1 Guid speed and furderto you, Johnny. Further (f®u8ai), a. Forms: 1 fur’Sra (Northumb. for’Sora), 2 furpur, 4-5 furper(e, 3-7 forper(e,-ther, Orm. forrtherr, (5forthre), 6-7 furder, 4-7 forder, 6 forthir, 6- further. See also Farther. [ 0 ’E.fitrdra = OYiis.fordera, OS. forthoro (MLG. vordere ), OHG. ford(e)ro y fordaro , fordoro (MLIG. vordere , mod.G. vorder) OTeut. ^furferon - wk., f. *furpero- str. (the acc. neut. of which appears in Further adv.):— pre- Teut. pg-tero -, f. root of Fore adv. + comparative suffix as in after , o-ther. On this assumption the Eng. further adj. and adv. have nothing but their ultimate root in common with the Goth. faurpis adv. OTeut. *furP-iz or *furP-joz , f. the stem of Forth + comparative suffix = -er 3 . A different hypothesis (Kluge in Paul’s Grdr ., ed. 2, I. 483) is that further and its cognates are f. the stem of Forth Pcompar. suffix (not - izon - but) - eron -, - nron -, as in inner, outer (see -er 3 A. 2). The OHG .furdir adv. is explained by Kluge as repr. a locative *furpirli\ + 1 . That is before another in position, order, or rank; esp. of an animal’s limbs or a part of the body; Front. Obs. (Cf. Farther B. i.) c 1000 Ags. Gosp. John xiii. 16 Soplice ic eow seege nys se Seowa furSra ponne his hlaford. a 1300 Cursor M. 28169 He was for mer mar pen j. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 187 A wounde receyved in pe furder partie of his body [in anteriori parte corporis ]. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cimrg. 113 Brood twoward pe forpere side of pe heed & scharpere twoward pe hyndere syde. i486 Bk. St. Albans E ij b, The ij. forther legges the hede layde by twene. 1539 Invent. R. Wardrobe (1815) 36 Lynit the forthir quarteris with blak taffiteis. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 134 Gif ane horse slayes ane man passand before him, with his forther feete. t b. With reference to time; Former. Also in comb .furthur-ealdefader (cf. ~L. proavus) : great grandfather. Obs. 1155 Proc. Henry II, in Anglia VII. 220 J?aet hi beon aelc hare lande wurpa pe hi eafdon in Edwardes kinges dege & on Willelmes kinges mines furpur ealdefader. 1557 N. T. (Genev.) Jas. v. 7 The forther and the latter rayne. 1561 Christ. Hindall Depos. in Bp. Chester Eccl. Crt. 1561-6, If. 10 b, Mr. Holden did knowe of his forther wief beynge on lyve. 1562 Child Marriages , etc. (1897) 192 She was temptid by daily sute of the said Dilon, & did forget her forther promesse. 2 . More extended, going beyond what already exists or has been dealt with; additional, more. + Further age : advanced age. + Further way ; a further-continued road. (Cf. Farther B. 2.) a 1300 Cursor M. 10327 Child to gett, Bituix and pair former eild. 1495 in Yorksh. Archaeol. Soc. (Record Ser. 1895) XVII. 127 Oure forthre pleasir in that behalf. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 50 b, For a forther knowledge of this tree, you must vnderstande that [etc.]. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. CastanhedcCsConq. E. Did. xxiii. 58 Without any further delay, the King sent them away. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj,, Forme of Proc es 22 He., judicially renunces all forder probation. 1634 W. Tirvvhyt tr. Balzac's Lett. 44 Without further ambiguity. 1667 Milton P.L. iv. 174 To th’ ascent of that. .Hill Satan had journied on. .But further way found none. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 65 p 2 Without further Preface, I am going to look into some of our most applauded Plays. 1794 Pa LEY Evid, (ed. 2) I. v. 97 We find . .two of them, .seized, .and threatened with further punish¬ ment. 1838 De Morgan Ess. Prob. 201, I now proceed to some further instances. 1861 Buckle Civiliz. Ii. iv. 315 This was a further stimulus to Scotch industry. 3 . More distant, remoter, esp. the remoter of two. Of a horse : The off (side). (Cf. Farther B. 3.) 1578 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 396 One grey .. mare, crapped on the further yeare. 1611 Bible 2 Esdras xiii. 41 They would..goe foorth into a further countrey. 1675 A. Browne A rs Piet. 90 Work your further Mountains so that they should seem to be lost in the Air. 1678 Butler Hud. 111. iii. 58 With kicks and bangs he ply’d The further and the nearer side [of a horse]. 1821 Joanna Baillie Metr. Leg., Wallace lvi, In the further rear. 1869 Tennyson Coming of Arthur 396 Not ever to be question’d any more Save on the further side. 14 . absol. Further of the day : a later hour. 1546 Langley Pol. Verg. de Invent, ix. 113 b, Fyrst at mydnight .. the seconde in the mornyng .. the thyrd at further of the day. Further (firiftai), adv . Forms : 1-2 fuPS-, furpor, 1 Northumb. former, -ur, -or, 2-4 fur’s*, furper (furthir), 3-5 forSere, -Sre, -per(e, -pir, -thir(e, 3-6 forther(e, (3 forer), 4-5 furpere, 4-7 furder, 5 forder, (6 fourther), 6- further. See also Farther adv. [OE. ftirfior= OS. furthor (early mod.Du. voorder) ; for the formation, and the relation to Goth, faurpis , OHG. furdir , etc.: see Further a.] 1 . To or at a more advanced point of progress: a. of space ; lit. and fig .; occas. with omission of go. Proverb, To go further , and fare worse. (Cf. Farther A. 1 a.) c 1000 jElfric Josh. x. 12 Ne gang pu mona onfcean Achialon anne stsepe furjx>r. c 1050 O. E. Chron. an. 1039 Eode se saester hwaetes to lv penega and eac fur 5 or. c 1205 Lay. 4880 He furSer laS, to Seguine due. a 1240 Ureisun in Cott. Horn. 203 Nere [>e heorte so cold pat ne schulde neuer sunne habben for-8er in-3ong per pis brune were. a 1250 Prov. /Elfred 128 in O. E. Misc. no Nere he for his weole neuer pe furper. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace Prol. 182 Vnto pe Cadwaladres ; No forer, per makes he ses. 1340 Ham pole Pr. Consc. 440 parfor I wille, ar [I] forthir pas, Shew yhou what a man first was. c 1340 Cursor M. 10156 (Fairf.) As furthir in this boke we rede, c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 221, I lete make a pipe of silvir and putte it in at her moup & passede forpere pan pe wounde was. 1494 Fabyan Chron. (1811) I. cxxvii. 107 Forthere then y® chapell dore noon of them wold enter. 1535 Cover- dale Job xxxviii. 11 Hither to shalt thou come, but no further. 1546 J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 51 You .. might haue gone further, and haue faren wurs. 1559 W. Cun¬ ningham Cosmogr. Glasse 60 But or we further proced, marke this figure. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, 111. ii. 169 His eye balles further out, than whenheliued. 1615 J. Stephens Satyr. Ess. 26 Go tell a trades-man he deceives .. And he will answere..Go further on, you will be cheated worse. 1641 Milton Animadv. (1851) 187 Ere a foot furder we must bee content [etc.]. 1655 Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camden) II. 336 Taken out of their bedds..and carryed on shipboard, and whence further is vnknowen. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 11. v, They kept out of sight further and further. 1771 Foote Maid of B. 1. Wks. 1799 II. 214 Folks may go further and fare worse, as they say. 1813 Shelley Q. Mab ix. 182 Whose stingings bade thy heart look further still. X855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 1 It was not thought safe for the ships to proceed further in the darkness. b. of time. (Cf. Farther A. 1 b.) c 1290 Beket 2321 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 173 So pat forpere in pe }ere: it was wel onder-stonde .. In ^wat manere he was a-slawe. 1896 Act 59 $ 60 Viet. c. 30 § 1 The acts.. shalL.be continued until the 31st day of December 1897 and shall then expire unless further continued. 2 . To a greater extent; more. (Cf. Farther A. 2.) c 1050 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) VIII. 299 Nu wille we furSor geican purh godes mihta. a 1225 Juliana 47, & 3ef ich mahte [wurche his wil] forSre ich walde beo pe feinre. a 1300 Cursor M. 28869 (Cott.) And for per mater es gode to knau, Of almus sal i for-per drau. £1340 Ibid. 858 (Trin.) Leue we now of pis spelle Of oure story furpere to telle, a 1400-50 Alexander 523 And if 30W likis of pis lare to lesten any forthire. 1552-3 Inv. Ch. Goods, Staffs, in Ann. Lichfield IV. 2 There saffeli to be kepte untill the kinges majesties pleasure be therin furder knowen. 1559 Hethe in Strype Ann. Ref. I. App. vi. 7 That the doinges of this honourable assembly may .. be allwayes fourther honourable. 1641 Milton Ch. Govt. 11. iii. Wks. (1847)48/2 To the intent of further healing man’s deprav’d mind. 1734 Berkeley Analyst § 7 Men who pretend to believe no further than they can see. 1749 F. Smith Voy. Disc. II. 90 All the western Merchants declined .. from being further Adventurers. 1862 Stanley Je7u. Ch. (1877) I. xiii. 252 When we inquire further into the worship. 3 . In addition, additionally; moreover. (Cf. Farther A. 3.) c 1200 Vices Virtues (1888) 57 5 "i et hie seiS furSer. 1450 W. Somner in Four C. Eng. Lett. 4 Forther the maister desyryd to wete yf the shipmen would holde with the duke. 1559 W. Cunningham Cosmogr. Glasse 22, I do furder perceive that [etc.]. X560-78 Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot. (1621) 40 And furder we think it expedient [etc.]. 1582 N. Liche¬ field tr. Castanheda s Conq. E. Ind. vii. 16 b, What further than followed. X749 F. Smith Voy. Disc. II. 58 What further keeps the Cold from the Arm-pits is, that [etc.]. 1875 Manning Mission H. Ghost iv. 100 And, further, God is the only end that can..satisfy the soul with bliss. 1879 CasseWs Techii. Educ. IV. 92/2 The sketching-case maybe .. further provided with a cover. FURTHER. FURTHEST. 4 . At a greater distance in space; sometimes with mixture of sense I. Also + more further , further off. (Cf. Farther A. 4.) c 1400 Maundev. (1839' xxxi. 306 OJ>er Yles }?at ben more furj?ere be^onde. 1578 Whetstone Promos o be leueS f>at swilch }?ing hem mu3e furSrie o 5 er letten, ben cursed of godes mu< 5 e. <71200 Ormin 1250 ^iff \>n firr^resst fremmde menn. <11225 Ancr. R. 156 Det tet swuSest auaunce ‘5 & furSreS hit, bet is onlich stude. a 1300 Cursor M. 27918 Sua vr flexs to firmer and fede, bat it fale in na dedli dede. #1310 in Wright Lyric P. xxxvi. 99 God, that de3edest on the rod, A 1 this world to forthren ant fylle. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. 11. pr. iv. 41 (Camb. MS.), I haue sumwhat auaunced and forbered be, quod she. 1412-20 Lydg. Chron. Troy 11. x, For me to further Clio came to late. 1477 Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 18 Ire. .furthereth all euyl. 1513 Douglas AEneis v. xiii. 112 And furthir hym eik sail I Ontil Avern, clepit the loch of hell. 1566 in Keith Hist. Ch. Scotl. (1734) 331 The saids Rebels, .promittit they should forder him to the Crown Matrimoniall. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iv. (1586) 158 You must .. further their laying, by giving them meates for the purpose. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 877 Furthered with a faire gale of wind. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. Pref. 20 A more wary Builder may be very much further’d by it. 1715 M. Davies A then. Brit. 1 .172 Barnevelt’s hard Fate was occasion’d or further’d on by Maurice. 1777-1808 Mayne Siller Gun m.xxv, Here Discord strave new broils to forder. 1816 Scott Old Mort. xi, To remain together in arms for furthering the covenanted work of reformation. 1866 Geo. Eliot P\ Holt ix, I came to see . .if you had any wishes that I could further. 1869 Rogers Pref. to Adam Smith's IV. N. I. 6 The necessity of further¬ ing a general system of school training. absol. 1560-78 Bible (Genev.) To Chr. Rdr. 52 Some notable worde .. which may greatly further .. for memorie. 1607 S. Hieron Defence 1. 160 Wheras the addition of 2 or 3 wordes oftentimes furthereth to the meaning. f 2 . To honour. Obs. rare. C1374 Chaucer Anel. <5- Arc. 273 And thenken yee that ferthered be your name To love a newe. c 1400 Destr. Troy 11170 To forther bat fre with fynerall seruys. 3 . intr. To go on, continue ; to advance, make progress. Obs. exc. Sc. c 1200 Trin. Coll, Horn . 107 Eft sone sum godes giue is bigunnen alse rihte leue and fur' 5 re 5 alse trust, c 1350 Will. Palerne 5397 And touche weferre as bis tale forberes. 1560 Rolland Crt. Venus 11. 378 Wald thow further and prosper fn thy wais. 1789 D. Davidson Seasons, etc. 182 Wha fastest rides does aft least forder. 1794 Burns Hee Balou 10 Thro’ the Lawlands, o’er the border, Weel, my babie, may thou furder. t 4 . trans. To put (an event) further; to defer, postpone. Obs. 1529 Wolsey Let. to [ Crumwell ) in St. Papers { 1830) I. 51 The ferderyng and puttyng ovyr of your commyng yther hath.. increasyd my sorowe. Furtherance (fzritterans). Forms: a. 5-7 for)?-, fortheraunee, -ans, forderance, (5 fir- therance, foderanee), 6 fordraunce, 7 forther- ance. ( 3 . 5-7 furtheraunce, (7 -ence), 6~7furder- ance, -aunce, -auns, 5- furtherance. See also Fartherance. [f. Further v. + -ance.] 1 . The fact or state of being furthered or helped forward ; the action of helping forward ; advance¬ 619 ment, aid, assistance. Also cotter. a means or source of help. c 1440 York Myst. xxvi. 48 Yf bat false faytor Your fortheraunee may fang. 1494 Fabyan Chron. an. 1448 (1559) II. 446 For the furtheraunce of this purpose. 1551 Recorde Pat /no. Knowl. 11. Pref., All suche.. shall finde greate ease and furtheraunce by this simple .. forme of writinge. 1606 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1814) IV. 286 For the greater forderance and better executioun of justice. 1610 Healey St. Aug. Citie of God 1. xi. (1620) 19 The pompes of the funeralls are rather solaces to the liuing then further¬ ances to the dead. 1640-1 Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. (1855) 72 Expecting your fortherance in all. 1748 F. Smith Voy. Disc. I. 89 Thinking of the many Furtherances this Voyage received from that honourable Knight. 1831 Carlyle Sart. ^^.(1858)4 Issuing..with every external furtherance, it is of such internal quality as to set Neglect at defiance. 1844 H. H. Wilson Brit. India III. 422 In furtherance of this project, she kept her son in a state of ignorance and vice. 1875 Helps Ess., Organ. Daily Life 174 Some few furtherances have been shown. 2 . Coalmining. (See quot. 1883.) 1851 in Greenwell Coal-trade Terms 27. 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining, Furtherance (North), an additional sum of money paid per score to hewers, putters, &c. as an allow¬ ance in respect of inferior coal, a bad roof, a fault, &c. Hence f Fu rtherancer Obs. rare~ l . One who gives furtherance to (anything). 1599 Hayward 1st Pt. Hen. IV, 6 A dissolute and dishonest life, which findeth some followers when it findeth no furtherancers. Furtherer (fzriftsro.i). Also 5 furtherar, 6 ford-, fortherer. See also Fartherer. [f. Further v. + -erB] One who or that which furthers or helps forward ; a helper, promoter, supporter ; an aid or encouragement. 1390 Gower Conf. III. in The brighte sonne .. furtherer of the daies light, c 1465 Eng. Chron. (Camd. 1856) 23 He was our furtherar and promoter. 1555 Abp. Parker Ps. E iij. The Psalme. .is a furtherer to them which go forwarde to vertue. 1594 Blundevil Exerc. ill. 1. i. (ed. 7) 278 Leaving to speak of the first inventers, or of the furtherers of these Sciences. 1630 Lord Banians 32 Making the profits..the furtherers of ryot and excesse. 1691 Wood Ath. Oxon. I. 297 He was a continual favourer and furtherer of learning. 1828 Landor I mag. Conv. Wks. 1846 I. 315 Ploughs and oxen are not instruments and furtherers of disobedience. 1867 Sat. Rev. 26 Oct. 535/1 The fate which seems to turn men .. into furtherers of a cause which they know to be evil. + Fu’rtherfo rth, adv. Obs. [f. Further adv. + Forth adv.] Further on ; to a greater distance or extent. <21541 Wyatt Poet. Wks. (1861) 182 Further-forth he starts With venom'd breath. 1583 Golding Calvin on Deut . vi. 33 Not to be. inquisitiue of Gods trueth furtherfoorth than it is vttered in the holy scriptures. 1587 — De Mornay xxi. (1617) 355 Open the booke furtherfoorth at all aduenture wheresoeuer you list. t Furtherhead. Obs. In 4 forper-, furper- hed(e, -heed. [f. Further a. + -head.] Priority. <71380 Wyclif Set. Wks. I. 75 Joon spekib of forberhede of manhede of Crist bifore loon in grace, and also in worbynes. Ibid. III. 78 pe first furberheed is forberhed of comynge forb and be tobir forperheed is furberheed of kynde. Furthering (fzriftarig), vbl. sb. Obs. exc. arch. [OE. fyrdrung furtherance, f. fyrbrian : see Fur¬ ther v. and -ING 1 .] The action of the vb. Further. c 1000 Sax. Leechd . III. 208 Sae smylte gesihS ceapas fyr- (Srungfc geftacnaS]. c 1384 Chaucer H. Fame 11.128 Thou.. ever mo of love enditest. .in his folkes furtherynges. 1390 Gower Conf. I. 182 Take a newe faith, Which shall be forthringe of thylife, c 1440 Promp. Pay v. 174/1 Fortherynge, promocio . 1526 Tindale Phil. i. 12 The gretter furtherynge off the gospell. 1623 Whitbourne Newfoundlatid 8 They are a great furthering to diuers Ships voiages. 1864 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xvi. i, There is eager Furthering of the Husbandries. + Furthering, ppl. a. Obs. ff. Further v. 4 -That furthers, aids, or helps; helpful. Of a gale ; Favourable. 1418 E. E. Wills (1882) 38 Y pray hem pat bey be well wyllet and forderyng to here. 1494 Fabyan Chron. vn. 486 Y e mayre. .was nat quyk or fortherynge in that mater. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 1. 102 The winde .. blew a furthering gale. Firrtherly, a. and adv. [f. Furthers, and adv. + -ly 1 and -.] A. adj. Obs. exc. dial. a. Adapted to further, favourable, b. In a for¬ ward condition, advanced, c. dial, (see quot. 1855.) 1513 More Rich. Ill Wks. 38/1 He .. thought that their deuision shoulde bee. .a fortherlye begynnynge to the pursuite of his intente. 1571 Durham Depos. (Surtees) 238 The matter was so furtherlye bytwix them 2, that neither his frends nor hir frends can hynder the same. 1855 Robinson Whitby Gloss., Furtherlyf orwardand flourishing. + B. adv. a. In an onward direction, in advance; hence, completely,thoroughly, b. = Further adv. c 1200 Ormin 14812 He [Faraon] comm swa forrperrli} patt all hiss folic was inne. a 1225 Ancr. R. 236 pet oSer is, pet he furSerluker echeS his pine, a 1300 Cursor M. 1585 pe find wend .. pat .. Man kind war til his wil bekend Sua forperli pat [etc.], c 1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xxxi. 141 pir husband sail hafe his actioun agaynes him before pe iusticez of pe land, als fortherly as he had bene aboute for to slae him. 1494 Fabyan Chron. v. cxl. 127 To the correccyon of suche as be lerned, & not oonly to Englysshe reders as there is fortherly declared. 1523 Act 14 15 Hen. VIII, c. 5 § 2 That it pleas your Highnes with th’assent, .furtherlie to enacte ordeign and stablisshe that [etc.]. Furthermore (fbuCarmoor), adv. See also Fakthermore. [f. Further adv. + More adv.] f 1 . To a more advanced point of progress, still further; = Further adv. i a. Occas. with omission of go. Obs. c 1200 Ormin 7338 pe sterrne comm riht till patt hus & flaeh itt ta na forrperr mar. a 1300 Cursor M. 6543 par-wit for- per-mar he yede. 1375 Barbour Bruce vn. 8 [Bruce] said he mycht no forthirmar. 14.. Ttmdale's Vis. 991 Com furder more and folow me. c 1425 Craft Nombrynge (E. E. T. S.) 8 Do away pe cifer & pat 1. & sette pere 8. pan go forthermore. 1552 Lyndesay Monarche 4401 Father, or we passe forther more, Quhen did begyn thare temporall glore? f 2 . To a greater extent, more; = Further adv. 2. a 1300 Cursor M. 27958 Forthermar o pis lecheri agh i pe noght to specifie. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 2892 Now wille I rede forthermare, And shew yhow of sum paynes pat er pare, c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7247 3 it forthir mare of pe same. 3 . Besides, also, moreover ; = Further adv. 3. c 1275 XI Pains of Hell 67 in O. E. Misc. 149 A hwel of stele is furper mo. 1411 Rolls of Parlt. III. 650/2 Further¬ more, the forsaid Lord the Roos..schall forgevyn the forsaid Robert. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 400 b/i Yet he sayd furthermore who so compleyneth is no monke. 1555 Spurge in Strype Eccl. Mem. III. App. xl. no Furthermore .. we humbly beseech thee. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World 1. iv. § 3 Furthermore, .the leaues, body, and boughes, of this Tree . .exceede all other Plants. 1730 Bolingbroke in Swift's Lett. (1766) II. 109 And furthermore, I think myself in honour bound to acknowledge, that [etc.]. 1820 Keats Isabella lviii, And, furthermore her brethren wonder’d much Why she sat drooping. 1871 Smiles Charac . ii. (1876) 55 Furthermore, to direct the power of the home aright, women, .need [etc.]. + 4 . Of time : Henceforth, subsequently. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 28677 man sais .. pat him reuys his sinnes sare, and will for-bere pam forpire mare, c 1430 Two Cookery-bks. 1. 29 Rede Rose—Take pe same, saue a-lye it with pe }olkys of eyroun & forper-more as vyolet. Furthermost (f^u 03 jmilke [cercle] j>at is outterest. .is unfolden by larger spaces in so moche as it is forthest [ MS. C. and ed. Thynne fertherest] fro pe middel simplicitee of pe poynt. 1390 Gowf.r Conf. I. 108 Whan I wende next have be .. Than was I furthest ate laste. 1559 W. Cunningham Cosmogr. Glassc 60 Ports- 78-2 FURTHY. 620 FURZE. mouth, whiche is the furdest place on the south shore of Englande. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado 11. i. 275, I will fetch you a tooth-picker now from the furthest inch of Asia. 1725 Swift Corr. Wks. 1841 II. 576 The furthest corner of Naboth’s vineyard. 1779 Burke Corr. (1844) II. 293 Those who are the furthest in the world from you in religious tenets, a 1881 Rossetti House of Life x, He who seeks her beauty’s furthest goal. 2 . fa. In past time : Earliest, first (obs.). b. In future time: Latest. Obs. exc. absol. in at {the) furthest. 1552 Edw. VI Jml. 25 Oct., That they might be in such place..by Christmas or Candlemas at the furdest. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 1. 85 He should take the towne in fifteene dayes, or a moneth at the furthest, a 1648 Ld. Herbert Life (1886) 30 When I came to talk, one of the furthest inquiries I made was, how I came into this world ? 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. i. 2 The funeral pomp of King Emanuel was celebrated at Lisbon, namely. .Decem¬ ber 1521, which is the furthest thing I can remember. 33 . adv. To or at the greatest distance, farthest. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. iv. pr. vi. (Skeat) 91 Thilke thing that departeth forthest [ALSUS'. A andC fyrthest) fro the first thoght of god. 1559 W. Cunningham Cosmogr. Glasse 156 Th’other part furdest Weast, noted wyth F. a 1577 Gas¬ coigne Hearbes, Weedes, etc. Wks. (1587) 185 The stiffe and strongest arme.. shootes furdest stil. 1729 Butler Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 192 Ideas, .the furthest removed from anything sensual. 1886 D. C. Murray A tint Rachel 11 .68 Even when his thoughts wandered furthest, he was mechanically ac¬ curate. Comb. 1880 Gladstone in Daily News 28 Feb. 3/2 From the highest Tory to the furthest-going Home Ruler. Furthy, a. Sc. Var. of Forthy a. Hence Fu*r- thiness. a 1658 J. Durham Exp. Coitimandm. (1675) 360 There is a gadding, and a so called furthiness, especially in women . .which is exceedingly offensive. 1777-1808 Mayne Siller Gun 11. xliv, Less furthy dames (wha cou’d resist them !) Th’ example take, a 1810 'L'anxahill Poems (1846) 58 Thy furthy, kindly, takin’ gait. Furtive (fz^-itiv), a. [a. Y. furtif, furtive, ad. L. furtivus, f. fiir thief; cf. furtum theft, furtim adv., by stealth.] 1 . Done by stealth or with the hope of escaping observation; clandestine, surreptitious, secret, un¬ perceived. 1490 [implied in Furtively]. 1612 Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 301 In wounds, where no Gangrena may be suspected, .nor furtive hemorrhage, &c. 1635 J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Banish'd Virg. Stolen embraces and furtive births prov’d to be ever the best. 1656 A rtif. Handsom . 96 By a furtive simulation. 1787-9 Wordsw. Evening Walk 423 Tender cares and mild domestic loves With furtive watch pursue her as she moves. 1824 W. Irving T. Trav. I. 106, I noticed the same singular, and, as it were, furtive glance, over the shoulder. 1855 Thackeray Newcomes II. 128 The proprietor of the house cowered over a bed-candle, and a furtive tea-pot in the back drawing¬ room. 1877 Gladstone Glean. IV. xx. 354 It does not at once appear how the Canal could be secured against the furtive scuttling of ships. b. Hebrew Gram. (See quot.) 1852 tr. Gesenius' Hebr. Grant. 42 [Between a strong and unchangeable vowel and a final guttural] there is involun¬ tarily uttered a hasty a ( Pathach furtive') .. Analogous to this is our use of a furtive e before r after long [vowels]; e. g. here (sounded hc e r),fire ( f e r ). 2 . Of a person, etc.: Stealthy, sly. 1858 Lytton What will he do 11. xiv, There was some¬ thing furtive and sinister about the man. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. in. i, Eyeing him with furtive eyes. 1867 M. Arnold St. Brand an , That furtive mien, that scowling eye. 3 . Obtained by theft, stolen: also in milder sense, taken by stealth or secretly. 1718 Prior Solomon 1. 500 Do they [planets].. Dart furtive beams, and glory not their own ? 1729 Savage Wanderer 1. 293 He clear’d, manur’d, enlarg’d the furtive ground. 1864 Kirk Chas. Bold I. i. 25 The patches from which a furtive harvest was thus gathered. 1894 J. T. Fowler Adamnati Introd. 53 Columba’s furtive copy from St. Finnian’s psalter. 4 . Thievish, pilfering. 1816 Kirby & Sp. Entontol. (1843) II. 30 Ants whose em¬ ployment is to mine for gold and from whose vengeance the furtive Indian is constrained to fly on the swift camel’s back. 1873 Burton Hist. Scot. VI. lxx. 208 The High¬ lander could not be absolutely trusted to withhold his furtive hand from the flocks of his chief’s friend. 1885 That Very Mab viii. 129 The farmers were so much plagued by the furtive bird. Hence Fu*rtively adv ., Firrtiveness. 1490 Caxton Eneydos xix. 69, I wold not haue departed furtyuely out of thy land. 1765 Sterne Tr. Shandy VIII. xxiv, One lambent delicious fire, furtively shooting out from every part of it. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick, xxvi, Sir Mulberry, .had been furtively trying to discover whence Kate had so suddenly appeared. 1862 Miss Braddon Lady Audley viii. 55 My lady’s pale-faced maid, who looked furtively under her white eye-lashes at the two young men. 1884 tr. Lotze's Metaph. 211 The implied idea by which, whether furtively or explicitly, we console ourselves. 1896 Westm. Gaz. 4 Aug. 1/3 Strolling, as we do..through the press and bustle, we can sometimes cap¬ ture a small hasty furtiveness. + Furtuose, a. Obs. rare. [ad. med.L. fur- tuos-us, f. L. furtum theft: see -ose.] ‘ Much given to theft or stealing’ (Bailey, vol. II. 1727). Furuncle (fnwrznjk’l). [ad. L. furuncul-us, orig. ‘little thief’, dim. of fur. Cf. F. furoncle Froncle.] A boil or inflammatory tumour. 1676 Wiseman Chirurg. Treat, i. vii. 43 Sorely afflicted with a Furuncle within his Nostrils. 1743 tr. Heister's Surg. 195 A Boil or Furuncle is a small resisting Tumor. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. II. xx. 204, I had relieved her from much suffering by opening a furuncle. 1872 F. G. Thomas Dis . JVomen 105 The peculiar blood state which results in the development of furuncles and carbuncles. Furuncular (flurc-gkirflaa), a. [i.’L.furun- cul-us (see Furuncle) + -ar.] Of, pertaining to, or characterized by furuncles or boils. 1844-57 G. Bird Urin. Deposits (ed. 5) 457 Furuncular disease of cellular tissue. 1847-9 Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 438/1 The scapular region is sometimes the seat of furun¬ cular inflammation. 1875 H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 5^9 A most painful furuncular eruption. So Furunculoid a. [-old], resembling a furuncle or boil. 1860 R. Fowler Med. Vocab ., Furunculoid. Furunculous (fiur2rqki&bs), a. [f. Y. furun¬ cul-us Furuncle + -ous.] = Furuncular. 1861 Hulme tr. Moquin-Tandon 11. vii. vii. 367 A furun¬ culous tumour produced by a Filaria. 1890 Gould New Diet. Med., FurunculouSy pertaining to the continuous pro¬ duction of furuncules. Fury (,fiu a *ri), sb. Forms : 5 furey, 4-6 furye, 4-7 -ie, 5- fury. [a. Y.furie (14th c. in Littre), ad. L .furia, related to fur ere to rage, be mad. (OFr. had originally fuire ).] 1 . Fierce passion, disorder or tumult of mind approaching madness; esp. wild anger, frenzied rage; also, a fit or access of such passion. The pi. is sometimes used in imitation of F .furies or L. furiae. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus iv. 817 (845) Anoy, smert, drede, fury and eek siknesse. Ibid. v. 212 To bedde he goth and weyleth there and torneth In furie, as dooth he, Ixion, in helle. C1430 Lydg. Min. Poems 206 Sobre and appeese suche folk as falle in furye. 1491 Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 15 Certeyn persones. .murdred. .in an outrageous hedy furey..John Mountagu late Erie of Sarum. 1564 Child Marriages , etc. (1897) 123 Biecause the wordes were spoken in a furye. 1611 Bible Gen. xxvii. 44 Tary with him a few dayes, vntill thy brothers furie turne away. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel hi. iv. 1. i. 706 As Plato doth in his Conuiuio make mention of two distinct furies; and amongst our Neotericks, Hercules de Saxonia. .doth expressly treat of it [religious melancholy] in a distinct Species, a 1683 Sidney Disc. Goz>t. 1. xix. (1704) 46 A Poison that would fill the gentlest Spirits with the most violent Furys. 1692 Dryden St. Evremont's Ess. 351 He. .fell into such strange furies, that [etc.]. 1704 F. Fuller Med. Gyntn. (1705) 159 (Hypochondria), ’Tis the first Fury that is the most Dan¬ gerous and Violent. 1713 Swift, etc. Frenzy J. Dennis Wks. 1755 III. 1. 146 He flung down the book in a terrible fury. 1756 Burke Vind. Nat. Soc. Wks. I. 37 When Alexander had in his fury inhumanly butchered one of his best friends. 1866 Conington uEneid xn. 410 Such furies in his bosom rise. 1879 Farrar St. Paul (1883) 118 He could hardly have addressed them in words more calculated to kindle their fury. b. of beasts. 1592 Shaks. Rom. <$• Jul. in. iii. 111 Thy wild acts denote The vnreasonable Furie of a beast. 1611 Bible Wisd. vii. 20 The natures of liuing creatures,and the furies of wilde beasts. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India <$- P. 298 A large Camel raging with Lust for the Female. .This Fury lasts Forty Days. 1727 Swift Gulliver 11. vii, Unable to defend himself from . .the fury of wild beasts. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) IV. 288 In such a case, there was no method of appeasing its fury, but by giving it something to eat. 2 . Fierce impetuosity or violence ; esp. warlike rage, fierceness in conflict, attack, or the like. + Rarely, fierce cruelty. 1534 Elyot tr. Isocrates' Doctr. Princes 9 b, Dooe thou nothyng in furie, sens other men knowe what time and occasion is meetest for the. 1553 Brende Q. Curtins iv. 42 b, Two thousand whome the furye of the slaughter had lefte on lyue. 1601 R. Johnson Kingd. <$• Commw. (1603) 41 In assaulting of tounes and fortresses, I confesse furie to be of great moment. 1630 Ibid. 13 If ever your eares heard of more hellish furies than those which these Princes have put in execution. 1712 Pope Sped . No. 408 F 7 ’Tis fit the Fury of the Coursers should not be too great for the Strength of the Charioteer. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 155 The Fight continu’d half an Hour with the utmost Fury. 1769 Junius Lett. xv. 65 The extremes of alternate indo¬ lence or fury..have governed your whole administration. 1805 Scott Last Hinstr. 1. vii, The furies of the Border war. 1856 Emerson Eng . Traits , Race Wks. (Bohn) II. 31 To hunt with fury, .all the game that is in nature. b. Hist. The {Spanish) Fury : the massacre perpetrated by the Spaniards at Antwerp in Oct.- Nov. 1576. 1576 Heton Let. 10 Nov. in Arb. Garner VIII. 166 To answer and content the Spanish soldiers and others who, in the Fury, entered our said House. 1855 Motley Rise Dutch Repub. III. 116 It was called the Spanish Fury, by which dread name it has been known for ages. 3 . transf of things (e.g. of a tempest, the wind, a raging malady, etc.). 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. n. xi. 46 b, In despite of the rayne, wind, and furye of the sea. 1599 R* Linche Anc. Fiction V ij a, Those places which, by the ardent furie of the sunnes vertue, become drie. 1662 Still- ingfl. Orig . Sacr. m. iv. § 5 These waters falling down with so much fury and violence. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. xiii. 348 Before the Winds abated of their fury. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India <$• P. 235 Had not the late unusuall Rain something allayed the Fury of the Heats. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 127 Leaving their naked Bodies expos’d to the Fury of the Storm. 1742 Lotid. <$* Country Brew. 1. (ed. 4) 51 For retarding and keeping back any Drink that is too much heated in working, .it may be broke into several other Tubs, where, by its shallow Lying, it will be taken off its Fury. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters I. 217 All his former complaints rage with more than double fury. 1887 Bowen Virg. FEneid 1. 69 Arm with fury the winds. b. phr. Like fury, furiously, ( like mad’, colloq. 1840 Longf. in Life (1891) I. 359 The last eighteen miles it rained like fury. 4 . Inspired frenzy, as of one possessed by a god or demon; esp. poetic * rage \ Now rare. 1546 Langley Pol. Verg. de Invent. 1. xix. 33 b, When they prophesie in manner of furie, and rauishinge of mynde. 1563 B. Googe. Eglogs i. (Arb.) 32 O Cupyde kynge of fyerye Loue.. with Furye fyll my brayne, That I may able be to tell, the cause of Louers payne. 1581 Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 72 They are so beloued of the Gods, that whatsoeuer they write, proceeds of a diuine fury. 1597 Morley Introd. Mus. 35 This hath been a mightie musicall furie, which hath caused him to shewe such diuersitie in so small bounds. 1604 Shaks. Oth. hi. iv. 72 A SybilL.In her Prophetticke furie sow’d the Worke. 1676 Hobbes Iliad Pref. (1686) 5 The Sublimity of a Poet, which is that Poetical Fury which the Readers for the most part call for. 1703 Pope Thebais 3 A sacred fury fires My ravish’d breast, and all the Muse inspires. 1707 Curios, in Husb. 4- Gard. 74 All that Enthusiasm or poetick Fury could inspire. 5 . One of the avenging deities (L. Furix, Dirx, Gr. ’Epivves, Eu/xcnScs), dread goddesses with snakes twined in their hair, sent from Tartarus to avenge wrong and punish crime : in later accounts, three in number (Tisiphone, Megsera, Alecto). Hence gen. An avenging or tormenting infernal spirit. c 1385 Chaucer L. G. W. 2252 Philomela , The furies three with alle hir mortel brond. c 1386 — Knt.'s T. 1826 Out of the ground a furie [v.rr. fyr(e, fir(e] infernal sterte. From Pluto sent, at requeste of Saturne. 1574 Mirr. Mag., Cordila xxiv, Art thou some fury sent? My wofull corps with paynes to more tormente ? 1596 Spenser F. Q. iv. i. 26 For she at first was borne of hellish brood And by infernall furies nourished. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 111 Thou shalt neuer want furies so long as thou hast thy selfe. 1667 Milton P. L. x. 620 Had not the folly of Man Let in these wastful Furies. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 137 F 3 Thunder, Furies, and Damnation 1 I’ll cut your Ears off. 1737 Whiston Josephus' Hist. vi. iii. § 4 Be thou a fury [orig. ’Epu/vs] to these seditious varlets. 1838 Arnold Hist. Rome (1846) I. vii. 106 All prayed that the furies of her father’s blood might visit her with vengeance. 1840 Macaulay Ess., Clive (1865) II. 104/1 He [Surajah Dowlah] sat gloomily in his tent, haunted, a Greek poet would have said, by the furies of those who had cursed him with their last breath in the Black Hole. b. Used for: One of the three ‘ Fates’ or Parcx . 1637 Milton Lycidas 75 Comes the blind Fury with the abhorred shears And slits the thin-spun life. 6. transf. One who is likened to an infernal spirit or minister of vengeance; esp. a ferociously angry or malignant woman. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus v. 1498 And of the holy serpent, and the welie, And of the furies, al she gan him telle. a 1611 Beaum. & Fl. Philastcr 11. iv, Come, sir, you put me to a woman’s madness, The glory of a fury. 1611 Bible 2 Macc. vii. 9 Thou like a fury takest vs out of this present life. 1676 Dryden Aurengz. 11. Wks. 1883 V. 224 Remem¬ ber, sir, your fury of a wife. 1687 T. Brown Saints in Uproar Wks. 1730 I. 73 Here’s a termagant fury, St. Ursula by name. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. xvi, He flew upon his murderers like a fury. 1768 Goldsm. Good-n. Matt 1. i, There was the old deaf dowager, as usual, bidding like a fury against herself. 1843 Macaulay Ess. Mad. D' Arb lay (1865) II. 307/1 The card-table of the old Fury to whom she was tethered. . 1873-4 Dixon Two Queens IV. xxi. v. 149 When the King’s confessor went to Oxford, he was stoned by female furies in the Market Place, b. hitmo 7 'ously, of things. 1856 Kane Arct . Expl. I. xv. 167 Facing the little lobster- red fury of a stove. 7 . attrib. and Comb., as f 117yform, rage; fury- Jiamited, - 77 iovmg adjs.; fury-like adj. and adv. + Also fury fire, app. a technical term for a white heat. 1644 Digby Nat. Bodies 1. iii. 21 When the smith and the glassemender driue theire white and *fury fires (as they terme them). 1866 Conington FEneidwu. 282 There Cati¬ line Hangs poised above the infernal deep With *Fury-forms behind. 1735 Somerville Chase iii. 468 So the poor * Fury- haunted Wretch .. still seems to hear The dying Shrieks. 1600 Fairfax Tasso xvi. lviii, My angrie soule. . *furie like in snakes and fire brands drest, Shall aie torment thee. 1711 Ken Hymns Evang. Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 49 Alldream’d that Herod Fury-like appear’d, a 1748 Thomson Song , Come, gentle God of soft desire, Come, and possess my happy breast; Not, fury-like, in flames and fire, In rapture, rage, and nonsense, drest. 1597 Daniel Civ. Wars iv. xlv, Forth¬ with, began these *fury-mouing sounds. 1513 Douglas FEneis xii. ii. 129 With sykkin *fury rage catchit is he. + Fu ry, v. Obs. rare- 1 , [f. prec. sb.] rejl. To drive oneself to fury, become infuriated. 1628 Feltham Resolves 1. x. (1631) 29 As I would not neglect a suddaine good opportunity; so I would not fury my-selfe in the search. So Furying ppl. a., raging, moving with fury. a 1861 Clough Life . 3 ] 1 . The popular name of Ulex europ&us, a spiny evergreen shrub with yellow flowers, growing abundantly on waste lands throughout Europe. Also named gorse, whin; common, great or French furze. + Sometimes, a bush or piece of this. c 888 K. Alfred Boeth. xxiii, Swa hwa swa wille sawan westmbaere land atio aerest of \>a J> ornas & b a fyrsas. c iooo Ags. Voc. in Wr.-Wulcker 324 Rantnus ., fyrs. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. v. 195 All that herde.. weschte that hit weore i-wipet with a wesp of firsen. 1382 Wyclif Micah vii. 4 A palyure, that is, a sharp bushe, or a thistil or frijse [v. r. firse]. 1436 Rolls of Parlt. IV. 498 Pasture, Wode, Hetthe, Virses, and Gorste. 1523 Fitzherb. Surv. 6 b, All the wode, brome, gorse, fyrs, braken. 1573 Tusser Husb. liii. (1878) 119 With whinnes or with furzes thy houell renew. 1610 Shaks. Temp. iv. i. 180 Tooth’d briars, sharpe firzes, pricking gosse. a 1626 Breton DaffodilsfyPrimr. (Grosart) 23 Forrestes full of furres and brakes. 1647 Cowley Mistress, Discovery ii, The humble Furzes of the Plain. a 1701 Sedley Virgil's Past. Wks. 1722 I. 296 May I to thee more bitter seem than Rue, More course than Fuz. 1735 Somerville Chase 111. 42 Thick with entangling Grass, or prickly Furze. 1770 Goldsm. Des. Vill. 192 With blossom'd furze unprofitably gay. 1832 Lytton Eugene A. iv. ii, A broad patch of green heatn, covered with furz. 1887 Sir R. H. Roberts In the Shires i. 3 The hounds are making the furze crack and shake in their eager efforts, b. transf. and Jig. 1602 Marston Ant. <5- Mel. v. Wks. 1856 I. 60 Oh, to have a husband .. with a bush of furs on the ridge of his chinne. 1705 Elstob in Hearne Collect. 30 Nov. (O. H. S.) I. 107 From Fuzz and Bramble to the downy beard He whisk’d them off. 2 . In popular names of other plants, as Dwarf furze (Ulex nanus) ; Ground furze, the Rest- harrow (Ononis ai'vensis ); Needle furze (Genista anglica ). 1578 Lyte Dodoens vi. x. 669 This herbe is called..in Englishe Rest Harrow, Cammocke, Whyn, Pety Whyn, or ground Furze. 1650 Phytologia Brit. 45 Genistella.. Needle Furze or Petty Whin. Ibid., Creeping Dwarfe Furze or Whins. 1738 C. Deering Catal. Stirp. 89 Needle Furze. 3 . attrib. and Comb. a. chiefly attributive, as furze-bed , - brake , - cover , 1 croft , - cutter , - down , faggot , -flower, -hill, -lea, -top, -toppings (pi .); furze-clad adj. 1644 Vicars Jehovah-Jireh 133 His *Furze-bed was the best bed that ever he lay on. 1711 Budgell Sped. No. 116 P 5, I saw a Hare pop out from a small *Furze-brake. 1807 Vancouver Agric . Devon (1813) 38 The higher sides of the hills .. are advantageously appropriated for furze-brakes. x 795-i8i4 Wordsw. Excurs. vm. 370 Upon the skirts Of *furze-clad commons. 1795 Genii . Mag. June 462 The custom of setting fire to the * furze-covers on midsummer- day. 1857 Kingsley Two V. Ago I. 63 A green down stretches up to bright yellow *furze-crofts far aloft. 1882 Ouida Maremma I. 45 Here and there a *furze cutter. 1865 Kingsley Herew. I. v. 157 Flat and open *furze-downs. C1555 in Strype Cranmer 392 One load of *Furs-Fagots. 1686 Plot Staffordsh. 355 Laying at the bottom .. a range of furse-faggots. 1793 Coleridge Songs of Pixies ii. We sip the *furze-flowers’ fragrant dews. 1800 Hurdis Fav. Village 174 How elegant yon *furze-hill clothed in gold. 1794 Act Inclosing S. Kelsey 1 * Furze Leas, and Waste Grounds. 1859 W. S. Coleman Woodlands (1866) 126 The action of which effectually bruizes the * Furze-tops intended for Fodder. 1865 Kingsley Herein. II. xx. 347 Who was often glad enough .. to rob his own ponies of their ^furze- toppings and boil them down for want of kale. b. esp. in furze-bush, also (obs. and. dial.) furzen bush. 1530 Palsgr. 220/2 Fyrsbusshe, jovmarin. 1600 Heywood 1st Pt. Edw. IV, 11. ii, So many men in the moon, And every one a furzen bush in his mouth. 1644 Vicars Jehovah- Jireh 133 Many other young Gentlemen . .lay all that night . .upon Furze-bushes on the ground. 1668 J. White Rich Cab. (ed. 4) 51 If you will graft a white rose upon a Broom- stalk, or on a furzon bush. 1738 C. Deering Catal. Stirp. 89 Genista spinosa minor .. The lesser Furze Bush. 1882 Black Shandon Bells xxiii, Miss Patience asked me if I had combed it [my hair] with a furze-bush. 4 . Special comb.: + furze cat, a name given to the hare; furze-huck dial., a heap or stack of furze ; furze-owl, a cockchafer; furze-pig, the hedgehog. a 1 325 Names of Hare in Rel. Ant. I. 133 The *furse- cat. 1869 Blackmore Lorna D. xiii, The *furze-hucks of the summer-time, were all out of shape in the twist of it. 1847-78 Halliwell. * Furze-owl, a cockchafer. Somerset. 1865 Cornh. Mag. July 40 As in Gloucestershire, furse- pig * for hedgehog. b. In popular names of various birds, as furze- chat, the whinchat (Pratincola rubetra ); furze- chirper, -chucker, the mountain finch or bram- bling (Fringilla montifringilla) ; furze-hacker =furze-chat \ furze- (dial, fuz-) kite (seequots.); furze-lark, the tit-lark (Anthuspratensis) ; furze- wren = Furzeling. 1839-43 Yarrell Hist. Birds I. 249 The Whinchat, or *Furzechat. 1847-78 Halliwell, * Furze-chirper, the mountain finch. It is also called the *furze-chucker. 1862 J. R. Wise New Forest (1863) 270 The whinchat, known.. from its cry, as the ‘ *furze hacker \ 1635 Brathwait A read. Princcsse 237 Where choughs and *fuskites built their nest. 1880 W. Cornw. Gloss., Fuz'-kite, the ring-tailed kite. 1886 Elworthy IV. Somerset* Word-bk., Vuz-kite, a kestrel, a 1854 Clare MS. Poems in Miss Baker North- ants. Gloss., I wept to see the hawk severe Murder the ^furze-lark whistling nigh. 1839-43 Yarrell Hist. Birds I. 313 The *Furze Wren. Hence Purzed a. [-ed -], made or covered with furze. Also Fu rzeling [-ling], the Dartford Warbler (Melizophilus undatus). 1855 Ogilvie Supp., Furzeling, Furze-wren, Melizophilus provincialis. 1873 Daily News 21 May 5/5 There are a ditch, a bank with a drop, a kind of furzed fence, and a low wall of turf and stones. 1885 W. Allingham Flower Pieces (1887) 14 Harbours the wren, the furzeling, and the coney. Furzery (fyuzeri). [f. Furze sb. + -ery.] A mass of furze, furze collectively. 1866 Blackmore Crcuiock Nowell i, A heavy-browed crest of furzery. Furzy (fzFjzi), a. Also 7 fursy. [f. Furze sb. + -Y 1 .] 1 . Of or pertaining to furze; composed of furze ; covered or overgrown with furze. 1613-16 W. Browne Brit. Past. 11. iv, No furzy tuft., shall harbour Wolfe. 1686 Plot Staffordsh. 344 Their broomy, gorsy or fursy, hot sandy land. 1781 P. Beckford Hunting (1802) 249 Where the cover is thick .. particularly if it be furzy. 1845 Talfourd Vac. Rambles (1847) f I2 7 We crossed an angle of furzy common. 1869 Blackmore Lorna D. xli, All things had..a kind of furzy colour. 2 . Fuzzy, fluffy. 1719 H. Barham in Phil. Trans. XXX. 1037 When the loose furzy Substance is taken off. 1880 Senior Trav. Trout in Antip. 127 The old fellow is very furzy in the matter of hair. b. Fuzzy, indistinct, blurred. 1825 Moore Sheridan 664 Those painters, who endeavour to disguise their ignorance of anatomy by an indistinct and furzy outline. Fus, var. of Fous a. Obs., eager, ready. || Fusain (ff/zsen). A charcoal crayon made of the wood of the Spindle Tree (F. fusain) ; also attrib., as in fusain drawing, b. A drawing executed with this. 1870 Eng. Mech. 11 Mar. 638/3 Fontanesi, of Geneva, is well known for his fusain drawings. I have seen some admirable drawings in fusain (charcoal). 1884 Gd*. Words Feb. 91/1 Good as Lalanne’s etchings are, his fusains are better. Fusarole (furzarJul). Arch. Also 7 fuserole, 9 fusurole. [a. F .fusarolle, ad. It . fusaruola, later fusajuola, alteration of fits ar nolo (fusajuolo) spindle-whorl, f. ~L.fiisus spindle.] (See quots.) 1664 Evelyn tr. Freart's Archit. 128 A smaller Bracelet again which incircles the Capital under the Voluta in the Composita, taken for the Fuserole. 1704 in Harris Lex. Techn. [1715 Leoni Palladio's Archit. (1742) I. 23 The Composite Order has. .the Voluta, Ovolo, and Fusarolo, or Fuse, which are Members of the lonick Capitel.] 1852 P. Nicholsons Diet. Archit., Fusurole, Fusarole. 1859 Gwilt Archit. Gloss., Fusarole, a member whose section is that of a semicircle carved into beads. It is generally.placed under the echinus, or quarter round of columns in the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders. Fusate (fiw’s^t), a. rare -0 . [f. L. fus-us spindle + -ate.] = F usiform. 1889 in Century Diet. Fusball, obs. form of Fuzzball. Firsby. ? Obs. [?= Fubsy.] A contemptuous designation applied to women. Also attrib. 1719 D’Urfey Fills V. 108 With that the Flat-capt Fusby smiled. 1845 Punch 29 Nov. 240 A fusby woman who has indulged in the vulgar weakness of giving her children fine names. Fuse : see Fusk a. •f- Fusca'tion. Obs.—° [agent-n. f. L .fusedre to darken, f. fuscus dark, dusky : see -ation.] ‘A darkening; obscurity; obfuscation’ (W.). 1656-81 Blount Glossogr., Fuscation , a darkning or clouding. 1727 in Bailey, vol. II. 1755 in Johnson. Fuscescent (fose-sent), a. rare— 1 . [f. L. fusc-us (see F'uscous) + -escent.] Passing into a dark or dusky hue ; ‘ brownish ; approaching to darkish brown in colour ’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1885). 1881 Johnson in Jml. Bot. No. 220. 113 Their colour is fuscescent. Fuscin (fesin). Chem. Also -ine. [f. "L. fusc-us (see Fuscous) + -in.] ‘ A brown substance obtained by Unverdorben from the animal oil of Dippel after exposure to the air’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1885). 1864 Webster, Fuscine. + Fuscite (fo'sait). Min. [f. L. fuscus (see Fuscous) + -ite.] Obs. synonym of Wernerite. 1808T. Allan Alphabet. List 32 Fuscite.-a mineral from Arendal resembling the Finite. + Fu'scity. Obs.—° [ad. late L. fuscitds, f. fuscus-. see Fuscous.] ‘Darkness, dimness’ (Bailey, vol. II. 1 7 2 7 )- Fusco- (f» - skt>), used as combining form of L. fuscus ‘ dusky ’, in certain adjs., as fusco-ferru- ginous, dull rust-coloured ; fusco-piceous, dull reddish-black; fusco-testaceous, dull reddish- brown. 1847 Hardy in Proc. Bcrw. Nat. Club II. No. 5. 237 Antennae black, fusco-piceous at the apex. Ibid. 244 Elytra, .with nearly parallel sides, flat, black, or fusco- testaceous. FUSCOUS (fo'skss), a. [f. L .fuscus dark, dusky + -ous.] Of a dark or sombre hue; dusky, swarthy. (Chiefly Nat. Hist.) 1662 Ray I tin. in Rem. (1760) 247 The 5 or 6 first Feathers of the Wing above of a dark or fuscous Colour, near Black. 1671 J. Webster Aletallogr. xvi. 235 A fuscous or darkish redness. 1756 Burke Subl. «$• B. 11. xvi, Sad and fuscous colours, as black, or brown, or deep purple. 1826 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. IV. 282 Fuscous, a dull brown. 1828 Stark Eletn. Nat. Hist. II. 210 Back fuscous brown, with four lines of white spots. 1848 J. Gould Birds A ustral. Descr. pi. 44 Ptilotis fusca , Fuscous Honey-eater. 1853 De (Juincey Wks. (1862) XIV. 390 The other sad, fuscous, begrimed with the snuff of ages. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 57 Seeds fuscous acutely tubercled. fig. 1855 He Quincey Lett. 31 July in H. A. Page Life (1877) II. xviii. ic6 Some confused remembrance I had that we were or ought to be in a relation of hostility, though why I could ground upon none but fuscous and cloudy reasons. t Fuse, sb. 1 Obs. rare. [perh. ad. OF. fuies, pi. of fuie\— L. fuga flight.] The track of an animal. Also fig. 1611 Cotgr., Fou lee, the Slot of a Stag, the Fuse of a Bucke. a 1670 Hacket Abp. Williams 1. (1692) 14 There wants a Scholar like a Hound of a sure Nose, that would not miss a true Scent, .to trace those old Bishops in their fuse. Fuse, fuze sb . 2 Also 8 feuze. [ad. It. fuso (:—L .fusils') spindle, hence applied to the spindle-shaped tube originally used as a ‘ fuse’ for a bomb, etc. Cf. Fusee 2 3.] 1 . A tube, casing, cord, etc., filled or saturated with combustible material, by means of which a military shell, the blast of a mine, etc. is ignited and exploded. 1644 Nye Gunnery (1670) 63 Every Ball hath a hole, left to put in a Fuse or piece of wood just like a Faucet for a spigot .. made taper. 1692 Capt. Smith s Seaman's Gram. 11. xxxi. 145 It is far more certain to fire a Morter-piece with Fuses then with Match.. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1789) Cciv, The fuse..is generally a conical tube, formed of beech, willow, or some dry wood, and filled with a composition of sulphur, salt petre, and mealed powder. 1863 Kinglake Crbnea (1876) I. xiv. 240 The other was the man standing by with a lighted match and determined to touch the fuse. 1869 R. B. Smyth Goldf Victoi'ia 612 Fuse, Fuze, a small cylindrical cord filled with powder or other combustible matter used for igniting the powder in a bore-hole. 1879 Fife-Cookson Armies of Balkans ii. 25 The shrapnel., did execution around us, the time fuzes acting well. b. Prepared material of which fuses may be made by cutting it into lengths. 1767 H. Brooke Fool of Quality (1792) II. x. 86 Having bound some feuze round .. the extremity of each of their tails. 1884 [see quot. for fuse-bag in 2]. 2 . attrib. and Comb., as fuse-bag, - composition , -hole. Also fuse-cutter, -extractor, -gauge, -saw, -setter, -tape (see quots.). 1884 Mil. Engin. I. 11. 109 Each *fuze bag to contain eight pieces of Bickford fuze. 1846 Greener Sc. Gunnery 49, I therefore venture to suggest the possibility of the *fuse composition becoming altered in its properties, by the action of time and moisture. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 920/2 * Fuse-cutter, an implement for gaging time-fuses to the desired seconds and fractions. .The cutter for paper fuses for rifled guns..is more usually called a fuse-gage. It is a block of wood with a graduated brass gage let into one side, and having a hinged knife, .by which the fuse, .is cut off so as to burn any required length of time. Ibid. 930/1 * Fuse- extractor. this implement is designed for extracting fuses from shells. 1874 * Fuse-gage [see fuse-cutter], 1692 Capt. Smith’s Seaman s Gram. 11. xxxi. 146 Try your Shells, .by putting in a little Powder, and firing it, immediately stopping the ^Fuse-hole with Clay. 1858 Greener Gunnery 83 A light cast-iron hollow ball, with a fuse hole. 1874 Knight Diet. Mech. I. 930/2 * Fuse-saw, a tenon-saw used by artillery-men. Ibid., * Fuse-setter, an implement for driving home wooden fuses. Ibid., * Fuse-tape, a flat form of fuse, coated externally with pitch or tar. t Fuse, fuze, sb$ Obs. rare, [alteration of Fusee, assimilated to prec.] = Fusee ^ 2. Also fuse-wheel. 1674 Petty Disc. Dupl. Proportion 119 In the Fuze of a Watch, the greatest Strength of the Spring is made to work upon the shortest Vectis. 1701 Grew Cosm. Sacra 11. vi. § 86. 61 Thinking Men considered how it [a clock] might be made portable..and so..put the Spring and Fuse-wheel, which make a Watch. + Fuse, sbA Obs. rare~*. =Fusarole. 1715 [see Fusarole]. J* Fuse, a. Obs . rare~~\ [ad. L. fus-us lit. ‘poured out’, pa. pple. of fundere to pour.] = Dif¬ fuse. 1724 Wodroiv Corr. (1843) HI. 160 His style is fuse, and reasonings, .pretty magisterial. t Fuse, v. 1 Obs. Forms: 1 fysan, 3 fusen (ii). Also 3 fous© (see under Fous a.). [OE .fysan, f. fus Fous a. (Not identical with Feeze.)] 1 . intr. To hasten, set out hastily. Also refl. a 1000 Caedmon's Gen. 2860 (Gr.) He .. sona ongann fysan to fore, a 1000 Andreas 1698 (Gr.) He .. Ongan hine \>a. fysan & to flote *yrwan. c 1205 Lay. 1865 ForS com Corineus & fusde hine sulfne. Ibid. 13534 Alle we mote fusen. 2 . trans. To forward or send forth speedily; to dispatch. rtiooo Byrhtnoth 269 (Gr.) He fysde for 3 flan genehe. c 1000 Latub. Ps. Ii. 7 (Bosw.) He fy*[> 3 e of jetelde. c 1205 Lay. 1511 Brutus nom al his 3ungefolc& hem to scipe fusede. Fuse (fi^z), z>. 2 [f. L .fus- ppl. stem of fundere to pour, melt, Found 1 . trans. To make fluid by means of intense heat; to liquefy, melt. Also with apart , together. 1681 tr. Willis' Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab.. Fuse, to melt as metals. 1800 tr. Lagrange's Client. 1 . 321 If it be still exposed to heat, it..becomes fused into a transparent glass. 1816 J. Smith Panorama Sc. Art II. 756 As soon as the colours FUSE. 622 FUSILE. are fused, the intensity of the fire should be abated. 1863 Tyndall Heat xiv. § 113 A quantity of silver which had been fused in a ladle was allowed to solidify. 1866 Living¬ stone Last Jrttls. (1873) I. iv. 85 The strata fused together by heat. 1878 B. Taylor Dcukalion 11. i. 58 As by fierce heat, the chains be fused apart. absol. 1831 Frasers Mag. III. 134 The volcanic fire that smoulders and fuses in secret. 1879 Cassell's Techtt. Educ. IV. 359/2 Collect the crystals, dry, and fuse. b. Of a flux : To facilitate the fusion of. 1796 Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 6 They [fluxes] fuse lime without effervescence. 1800 tr. Lagrange's Client. I. 378 Ammoniacal phosphate of soda fuses this matterperfectly. C. fig. Often with the sense : To blend inti¬ mately, amalgamate, unite into one whole, as by melting together. 1817 Coleridge Biog. Lit. 149 He diffuses a tone and spirit of unity, that blends, and (as it were) fuses, each into each. 1851 Robertson Serin. Ser. 111. xi. 136 The threat of foreign invasion had fused down and broken the edges of conflict and variance. 1857 H. Reed Led. Brit. Poets iv. 136 Fused by the heat of poetic genius and poured out in one glowing and glittering flood, i860 Tyndall Glac. 1. xxii. 159 To fuse myself amongst them as if I had been an old acquaintance. 1867 Goldw. Smith Three Eng. States¬ men (1882) 12 The Scotch nation, nobles and commons, ministers and people, wonderfully fused together by fiery enthusiasm, poured like a lava torrent on the aggressor. 1869 Farrar Fain. Speech iv. (1873) 121 A Chinese grammar cannot, .be fused into the moulds of our Aryan logic, d. transf. To liquefy, attenuate, thin (the blood). 1704 F. Fuller Med. Gy inn. (1711) hi They fuze and divide [the Blood] and break its Globules. 1733 Cheyne Eng. Malady 11. iv. § 4 (1734) 147 Purgatives are either .. to cleanse the Primx Via ?, or to fuse and thin the Blood. 1822- 34 [see Fused ppl. a.]. 2 . intr. To become fluid or liquefied with heat; to melt. 1800 tr. Lagrange's Client. I. 167 A mixture of these three substances fuses much easier. 1838 T. Thomson Chein. Org. Bodies 16 The crystals, .fuse into a liquid. 1858 Froude Hist. Eng. III. 74 They were to fret and chafe till the dust was beaten off, and the grains of gold could meet and fuse. 1881 Young Every Man his own Mechanic § 1500. 678 By hard solder is meant one that only fuses at a high temperature. b.jig. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge xxxvii, Eyes so small and near together, that his broken nose alone seemed to prevent their meeting and fusing, into one of the usual size. 1873 Dixon Two Queens I. in. iii. 131 These passions fused and centred in one radiant point. 3 . Anat . Of contiguous vessels, bones, etc.: To coalesce. 1870 Rolleston Anim. Life Introd. 56 There are two systemic aortae which either fuse, or anastomose. 1872 Mivart Elem. Anat. 39 In Tortoises all the trunk vertebrae are fused. 1878 Bell Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 456 In the Anura these fuse together on either side to form a fronto¬ parietal. Hence Firsing ppl. a. 1817 Coleridge Biog. Lit. 11 , xxii. 171 The blinding, fusing power of Imagination and Passion. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets i. 10 The fire of moulding, fusing and controlling genius. Fuse, fuze (fi«z), v . 6 [f. Fuse sb. 2 ~\ trans. To furnish with a fuse. 1802 Wellington Jml. 30 Nov. in Gurw. Desp. I. 382 Ordering..2500 four and half inch shells, 600 to be filled, fused, etc. 1823 P. Nicholson Prad. Build . 396 Slate is extracted.. by making perforations between its beds, into which gunpowder is placed and fused. 1869 Daily News 3 July, The projectiles can be fuzed and adjusted. Hence Fused ppl. a ., Firsing vbl. sb. 1869 Daily News 3 July, The Horse Artillery .. obtained 265 impressions with the Shrapnell; 323 with the segment, double fuzed. 1884 Mil. Engin. I. 11. 104 Each man will throw four fuzed grenades across the ditch. 1895 Daily News 23 July 6/1 They failed in one important point—the correct fuzing of the shells. Fused (fi? 7 zd), ppl. a. [f. Fuse w. 2 + -ed 1 .] Liquefied by heat, melted. 1699 Salmon Pharm. Bateana (1713) 144/1 Fine cleanly powder’d fus’d Salt, a 1763 Byrom Verses intended to have been Spoken v. 10 The Forge wherein his fused Metals flow'd. 1837 Brewster Magnet. 135 He used a cylindrical needle of fused steel. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. 213 The fused rocks in the depths of the earth which are vomited forth by volcanoes. fig- 1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1870) I. 11. ii. 178 The fused set of sounds we call a word. 1876 Douse Grimm's L. § 30. 63 If the dialects, .again become com¬ pletely fused. b. Of the blood : Attenuated, thin. 1822-34 Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 372 How are we to account for that crude, fused, or dissolved state of the blood ? Fusee, fuzee 1 (fiwzr). Obs. exc .Hist. [a. F. fusil (pronounced iuzt): see Fusil 2 .] A light musket or firelock. 1661 Evelyn Ment. (1857) !• App. 430 Horsemen well appointed with..carabines, musquetoons, or fuzees. 1705 S. Sewall Diary 26 Mar. (1870) II. 127 A souldier from Deerfield accompanied us with his Fusee. 1760 Citron, in Ann. Reg. 82/1 A handsome double barreled fuzee valued at twelve or fifteen guineas, a 1813 A. Wilson Foresters Poet. Wks. (1846) 211 His light fuzee across his shoulder thrown, fb. One who is armed with a fusee; a fusilier. 1650 A. B. Mutat. Polenio 29 That brave Gallant number of Fusees were squandred all to peices, knockt o’ the head, or starved. Fusee, fuzee 2 (fiwzfr). Also 7 fus(s)ie, fusey, phusee, 8 fusy. [a. F. fustc, primarily, spindleful of tow (:—med.L. fiisdta, f. L. fiisns spindle) ; hence used for spindle, and in senses 2-4 below. Sense 5 is an Eng. development from 3.] + 1 . A spindle-shaped figure: = Fusil 1 i. Obs. 1589 Puttenham Eng. Poesie (Arb.) 105 The Fuzie or spindle, called Romboides. 2 . A conical pulley or wheel, esp. the wheel of a watch or clock upon which the chain is wound j and by which the power of the mainspring is I equalized. 1622 in Naworth Househ. Bks. 199 Making a fussie to my Lords cloke. 1658 S. Crooke Div. Char. 1. ix. 82 This is the first wheele, yea, the Phusee, the inward spring that moves his watch so swiftly. 1677 Hale Print. Orig. Man. 1. ii. 50 I11 the Watch..the reason of the motion of the Ballance is by the motion of the next Wheel, and that by the motion of the next, and that by the motion of the Fusee. 1715 Lond. Gaz. No. 5155/4 A Gold Watch .. going with a Spring, without Fusey, Chain or String. C1790 Imison Sch. Art II. 284 From the fusy to the balance the wheels drive the pinions. 1824 R. Stuart Hist. Steam Engine 146 Chains acting on a spiral in the manner of a fusee. 1827 Faraday Chein. Manip. iv. 112 The mouth at this time represents the going fuzee of a chronometer. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch <$• Clocknt. 108 In modern watches and clocks the fusee is furnished with maintaining power to drive the train while the fusee is being turned backwards during the process of winding. 3 . =Fuse^. 2 i. 1704 Loiul. Gaz. No. 4062/7 The Enemy., set Fire to great quantities of Powder, with Intent to spring their Mines; which..was prevented from taking Effect, by cut¬ ting off the Fusees. 1769 Falconer Did. Marine (1789), Secret (Tun bmlot , that part of the train of a fire-ship where the match or fusee is laid. 1809 Naval Chron. XXII. 287 Cones, containing.. 12 lbs. of powder, to burst by fuzees. 1858 Greener Gunnery 139 The aperture [of the shell] is securely screwed up : fusees not being necessary in this arrangement. 4 . Farriery. An exostosis upon one of the cannon- bones. 1720 Gibson Farrier's Guide 11. lxxviii. (1738) 233 Some¬ times a double Splent is formed which is called by the French a Fuzee. 1727 Bailey, vol. II, Fuzee [in Horses] two dangerous Splents, joining above and downwards. 1753 Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v., Commonly a fuzee rises to the knee and lames the horse. Fuzees differ from screws or thorough splents in this, that the latter are placed on the two opposite sides of the leg. r Some modern Diets., by an obvious misapprehension, define it as ‘ a kind of splint applied to the legs of horses ’. 5 . A kind of match with a large head of com¬ bustible material tipped with brimstone for ignition by friction ; a lucifer, vesuvian. 1832 Specif Jones' Patent No. 6335. 2, Fuzees for the purpose of lighting cigars, pipes, etc. 1851 Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 433 The ‘ fuzees ’, as I most frequently heard them called, .are chiefly German made. 1888 Rider Hag¬ gard Col. Quaritch xxiv, It was one of those flaming fusees, and burnt with a blue light. 6. attrib. and Comb ., as fusee-maker , - wheel . Also fusee-engine, -machine, a machine for cutting fusees for watches ; fusee-piece, -sink, -snail, -windlass (see quots.). 1858 Simmonds Did. Trade , * Fusee-engine, a clock- maker’s machine for cutting and shaping fusees. 1874 Knight Did. Mech. I. 930/1 * Fusee-machine., a machine for cutting the snail-shaped or spirally grooved wheel on which the chains of certain descriptions of watches are wound. 1858 Simmonds Did. Trade , * Fuzee-maker, a manufacturer of parts of watch-work. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch $ Clockm. no *Fusee Piece .. the circular plug screwed to the top plate in which the upper pivot of the fusee works. Ibid ., "Fusee Sink .. the sink cut in the top plate of a watch to give space for the fusee. Ibid. 247 The * fusee snail, a projecting nose on the end of the fusee. 1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 303 (art. Horology) The spring., gives motion to the fusee, and with it the *fusee-wheel and the rest of the train. 1874 Knight Did. Mech. I. 930/1 * Fusee-windlass, a pump-windlass with a conical barrel. Fusel (fi/ 7 *zel). [a. Ger. ftisel bad brandy or other spirits ; formerly applied in LG. dialects also to bad tobacco. Cf. Ger. fuseln to bungle (see Foozle).] attrib. in Fusel oil , 1 a term for a mix¬ ture of several homologous alcohols, chiefly amylic alcohol, and especially applied to this when in its crude form’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1885). 1850 Daubeny Atom. Th. vii. (ed. 2) 227 Being abun¬ dantly obtained during, the distillation of potatoes .. the name of oil of potato spirit, or fusel oil, has been assigned to it. 1859 All Year Round No. 32. 128 Fusel oil. .makes oil of pear, used in perfumery and the so-called ‘ jargonelle pear drops'. 1868 Q. Rev. No. 248. 350 A peculiarly foetid oil, termed ‘fusel’ oil, is formed in making brandy and whisky. Fushionless: see Foisonless. Fusht (ft/Jt), intr. [Sc. dial, pronunciation of Whisht.] Hush! 1816 Scott Aniiq. xxvii, ‘ Fusht, fusht,’ said Francie. Fusibility (fi/ 7 zibi*liti). [ad. F. fusibility f. fusible : see next.] The quality of being fusible. 1624 Wotton Archit. (1672) 20 Observing in that Material ..a Fusibility. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters J. 3 Metals., lose their metallic splendor, fusibility, ductility and other properties. 1846 G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chein. II. 433 Its fusibility is proportionate to the amount of the magnesian salt present. 1880 W. C. Roberts Introd. Metallurgy 29 Carbon, it is well known, gives to iron fusibility. Fusible (fi/rzib’l), a. Also 7 fusable. [a. F. fusible , ad. mod.L. *fiisibilis, f. L.fls-, ppl. stem of fundere to pour, melt, Fuse.] Capable of being fused or melted. Fusible metal (see quot. 1853). Fusible plug (see quot. 1874). | . c 1386 Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. 4 T. 303 Also of hir 1 induration, Oiles, ablucions, and metal fusible To tellen al, I wolde passen any bible. 1605 Timme Quersit. 11. i. 104 Salt is fusible. 16x5 G. Sandys Trav. in. 203 Sand .. becoming fusable with the heate of the fornace. 1685 Boyle Effects of Mot. iv. 36 The burning fluid, .may be made, .to melt.. the more fusible metals. 1747 Hooson Miner's Diet. O j b, That called Potter’s Ore .. is so frim and fusible that [etc.]. 1812 Sir H. Davy Client. Philos. 297 These mixtures are more fusible than either of their constituents. 1844-57 G. Bird Urin. Deposits (ed. 5) 472 The most contorted and irregularly figured calculus is the triple or fusible. 1853 Ure Did. Arts I. 46 The fusible metal consisting of 8 parts of bismuth, 5 of lead, and 3 of tin..melts at the heat of boiling water or 212 0 Fahr. though the melting point deduced from the mean of its components should be 514 0 . 1874 Knight Did. Mech., Fusible plug , one placed in the ; skin of a steam-boiler, so as to be melted and allow the | discharge of the contents when a dangerous heat is reached. 1884 Maiich. Exant. 1 Dec. 5/4 The explosion.. was partly ; due. .to a defective fusible plug. Hence Firsibleness, the quality of being fusible. 1684 Boyle Porousn. Anim. 4- Solid Bod. viii. 130 He had reduced .. real Gold, to that degree of Fusibleness and subtlety, that .. the finer part of the Metal would sweat through his Glasses. fFusie, var. of Fowsie. Obs. 1617 Sc. Ads Jas. VI (1814) IV. 536/2 Ditches and fusies. Fusiform (fi^zi^-inO, a. [f. Y.fus-us spindle +-(i)fokm. Cf. F. fusiformei] Spindle-shaped; tapering from the middle towards each end; esp. 1 in Bot., Entom. and Zool. 1746 Da Costa in Phil. Trans. XLIV. 404 The cylindric, fusiform, and other Belemnites, of which the two Ends or Extremes terminate pointed. 1805 J. Galpine Brit. Bot. (1806) 311 Root caulescent, fusiform. 1826 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1828) IV. xxxvii. 14 The great ganglion of the rhinoceros-beetle is fusiform. 1830 Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 154 Seeds indefinite, very minute, fusiform. 1854 Woodward Mollusca (1856) 108 Shell fusiform, elongated. 1877 Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. ii. 79 Each of these elon¬ gates, and surrounds itself with a delicate, fusiform, silicious case. 1881 Geikie in Nature XXV. 2 A genus of Palaeo- niscid fishes, possessing a fusiform body. 1887 Scribner's Mag. I. 427/2 This torpedo..is fusiform, or cigar-shaped. Fusil 1 (fi/rzil). Her. Forms: 5-6 fusille, 7 fusile, - 11 , 7- fusil, [ad. OF .fu(i)sel (Y.fuseau) popular L. *fusell-us , dim. of fusus spindle. The mod. Fr. heraldic term is fustc ; but the wYy fuself, = Fusilly, seems to show that fusel was formerly used in this sense.] A bearing in the form of an elongated lozenge; understood to have been originally a representation of a spindle covered with tow. i486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. Eij a, It is calde fusillit for it is made all of fusillis. 1572 Bossewell Aimorie 11. 34 b, Fusilles, whiche are so termed, for that they be made like Spindles. 1602 Segar Hon. Mil. 4- Civ. 11. xiv. 79 Em- brodered round about with a border of flames, fusils and fleeces. 1653 A. Ross Ilarae/Seia (1658) 351 The great Collar was made of double Fusiles enterwoven with Stones and FlintSj sparkling flames of fire. 1765-87 in Porny Her. Gloss. 1828-40 Berry Encycl. Her. I. s.v., The fusil nearly resembles the lozenge in shape, but is longer. Comb. 1860 J. Hewitt Anc. Arm. II. 235 Fusil-shaped spikes [of a Rowel-spur]. Hence + Fu'silled ppl. a. (see quot. i486 above). Fusil 2 (fizrzil). Also 6 fusill, 8-9 fuzil; and see Fusee 1 , [a. F .fusil (OF. fuisil) = li.focile late L. *focile, f. focus hearth (in pop. Lat. fire).] + 1 . A fire steel for a tinder-box. Obs. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Vn Fusil, a Fusill to strike fire in a tinder boxe. 2 . A light musket or firelock. 1680 Eng. Milit. Discipl. 1. 20 The Mousqueton is not so long as the Fusil or Fire-Lock. 1682 Lond. Gaz. No. 1684/1 Six Men of the tallest Stature, with long Fusils. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. xx, We were .. armed with a fusil.. each man. 1762-71 H. Walpole Vertue’s A need. Paint. (1786) V. 137 The dew. .had made his fusil rusty, and .. he was scraping and cleaning it. 1847 Infantry Man. (1854) 28 Seize the fusil with the left hand. 1876 Bancroft Hist. U. S. IV. xxxii. 555 The sentry snapped a fusil at him. Fusile (fi/ 7 *zil), a. Also 7-9 fusil, [ad. L. fit sil-is, {.fits - ppl. stem of fundere to pour: see Found v.z, Fuse vf and -ile.] 1 . Capable of being melted. Now rare. 1605 Timme Quersit. 11. i. 105 Metall is nothing else but a certaine fusil salt. 1660 R. Coke PowerSubj. 162 We teach, that every Cup in which the Eucharist is consecrated be Fusil. 1758 A. Reid tr. Macquers Chein. I. 358 Mix with this powder..one part of fusile glass.. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 641 Water, again, admits in the first place of a division into two kinds; the one liquid and the other fusile. 2 . Running or flowing by the force of heat; made liquid by heat. Now rare. a 1631 Donne in Select. (1840) 220 Metal may be soft, and yet not fusile. 1639 Fuller Holy War 11. xii. (1647) 59 The glassie sand .. could not be made fusile till it was brought hither. 1708 J. Philips Cyder 11. 70 A fusil sea That in his furnace bubbles sunny red. 1725 Pope Odyss. vi. 278 And o’er the silver pours the fusil gold. fig. 1839 Blackw. Mag. XLV. 461 The fusile capacity of a language for running into ready coalitions of polysyllables aids this tendency. 3 . Formed by melting or casting. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. xxxvi. (1495) 56A Bras that is wroughte wyth hamour is callid Regular, ana bras that oonly is meltyd hyghte Fusile. 1667 Milton P. L. xi. 573 He formd First, his own Tooles; then, what might else be wrought Fusil or grav’n in mettle. 1796 FUSILIER. 623 FUSS Morse Amer. Geog. II. 490 The fusile or moveable types were undoubtedly Dutch or German inventions. 1837 Whittock, etc. Bk. Trades (1842) 386 To Peter SchoefTer belonged the honor of inventing ‘ fusil * types. Jig. 1624 Donne LXXXSerm . xlvi. -1640) 460 S. Paul was borne a man, an Apostle, not carved out, as the rest, in time ; but a fusile Apostle, an Apostle powred out, and cast in a Mold. Fusilier (fi/ 7 zilD\i). Forms; 7-8 fuzil(l)eer, (7fuseleer,phusilier), 8-9 fusileer,(8 fuzeleer), 7- fusilier, [a. F. fusilier , f. fusil Fusil 2 .] Originally, a soldier armed with a fusil (see Fusil 2 2). In the British army, the designation of ‘Fusi¬ liers’ is still retained by certain regiments (at present ten) which are distinguished from the other regiments of the line only by wearing a kind of busby and by some small peculiarities of costume. 1680 Eng. Milit. Discipl. iv. 132 The Fusiliers have for Arms the Sword, the Bayonet, and Fusil or Fire-lock. 1686 Lond. Gaz. No. 2135/1 His Majesties Company of Fuse- leers of this City, Commanded by Captain Graham. 1753 Hanway Trav. (1762) I. vu. xciii. 429 Some of the fuzileers, who are smaller bodied men, have their arms proportioned. 1813 Examiner 26 Apr. 272/2 Lieut. Brownson, of his Majesty’s 23d Regiment Royal Welch Fusileers. 1858 J. B. Norton Topics 128 Her [Madras] illustrious Fusiliers ..have been dispatched bodily to Calcutta. attrib. 1802 C. James Milit. Diet . s.v., All officers be¬ longing to fusileer corps have two epaulettes. 1868 Regul . Ord. A rmy r 854 All grenadier and fusilier Regiments are. .to march to the tune of the British Grenadiers. Fusillade (fi^ziU^d), sb. Also 9 fusilade. [a. F .fusillade , f. fusilier to shoot, f. fusil Fusil 2.] A simultaneous discharge of fire-arms; a wholesale execution by this means. 1801 Times in Spirit PubL Jrnls. (1802) V. 53 From hence were shot those diavolinis and cardamoms, which have been so much admired for their happy illustration of the mitraille and fusillades. 1813 Wellington in Gurw. Desp. XI. 359'I'he enemy have a considerable force.. and are keeping up a fusil¬ lade. 1835 Macaulay Ess., Mackintosh's Hist. Rev. (1887) 336 Then came, .revolutionary tribunals, noyades, fusillades. 1863 Kinglake Crimea (1876) I. xiv. 283 This wanton fusilade must have been the result of a panic. 1885 Times (weekly ed.) 16 Oct. 6/2 Notwithstanding the fusillade, no one..appears to have been hurt. transf. and Jig. 186. B. H art e S an it ary Mess age i, I heard the welcome rain, A fusillade upon the roof, A tattoo on the pane. 1863 Longf. Wayside I mi , Birds of Killingzu. xxiii, O’er woodland crests, The ceaseless fusillade of terror ran. 1881 Geikie in Macm. Mag. Oct. 429 The men found relief in fusillades of swearing. 1884 Pall Mall G. 7 Nov. 1/1 The din of controversy, the fusillade of personalities. Fusillade (firiziliF'-d), v. [f. prec. sb.] traits. To assault (a place), to shoot down (persons) by a simultaneous discharge of fire-arms. 1816 Southey in Q. Rev . XV. 56 A whole corps..were marched apart by one of Stofflet’s officers and fusilladed. 1851 Carlyle Sterling 1. xiii. 11872) 77 Give them shriving if they want it; that done, fusillade them all. 1884 Century Mag. XXVIII. 560 The Mahdi’s adherents fusilladed his palace at Khartoum. Hence Fusillading vbl. sb. Also Pusilla der. 1839 Carlyle Chartism v. 141 Lyons fusilladings. .these.. were but a new irrefragable preaching abroad of that. 1878 H. M. Stanley Dark Cont. II. iv. 119 The butcher of women and fusillader of children. Fusillation (fizJzil^Jbn). rare. [n. of action f. F. fusilier to shoot : see Fusillade sb. and -ATION.] Capital punishment by shooting. 1859 Sala Gas-light Sf D. vii. 83 The black cutty [pipe].. was with him when under sentence of fusillation for sketching a droschky in the Nevski Perspective. Fusilly (fi£*zili), a. Her. Also 6 fusile, 7 fusillee, 8 fusilley, 9 fusild. [a. OF .fuselt, f. fusel : see Fusil 1 .] Of a field: Covered with fusils (see Fusil 1 1). 1572 Bossewell Armorie 11. 116 Two Pillers in pile fusile Dargent. 1634 Pf.acham Genii. Exerc. 111. 149 Fusillee is like unto Masculy, but your fusils must be made long and small in the middle. 1711 Hearne Collect. (O. H. S.) III. 165 The old Manner of Ingrailing in Arms is like Fusilley. 1825 Genii. Mag. XCV. 1. 309 The Tabley family, whose armorial ensign was; Argent, a pale fusile Sable. 1864 Boutell Her. Hist. <$• Pop. viii. 35 In a Field Fusilly. .the divisions are narrower than in Lozengy. b. Fusil-shaped. 1860 Hewitt Anc. Arm. II. 235 The rowels .. may be divided into three kinds—the star shaped, the indented, and the fusilly. Fusing (fi^zig), vbl. sb. [f. Fuse + -ing 1.] The action or process of fusing (see Fuse v. 2 ), lit. and fig. 1832 G. R. Porter Porcelain <5* Gl. 192 This, in fusing, was converted into a black glass. 1886 Athenaeum 22 May 684/1 A little fusing into harmony would do wonders for this picture. b. attrib., as fusing Joint or temper at me, the point or temperature at which fusion takes place. i860 Tyndall Glac. 11. xxxi. 409 The fusing point has been elevated by the pressure. 1863 — Heat vi. § 240 11870) 188 The fusing-point of cast iron is 2,000° F. 1886 A. Winchell Walks <$* Talks Geol. Field 101 The fusing temperature now existing within [the earth]. Fusion (fi/P^on). [ad. L .fusidn-em, n. of action f. fund ere to pour. Cf. Foison and F. fusion.] 1 . The action or operation of fusing or rendering fluid by heat; the state of flowing or fluidity in consequence of heat. Also in phrases + of easy, hard fusion ; melted with ease or difficulty. + Watery fusion : the melting of certain crystals by heat in their own water of crystallization. 1555 Eden Decades 327 To brynge it to fusion or meltynge. 1594 Plat Jevoell-ho. 1. 14 Although some sortes of them [Ashes] bee of harder fusion or melting than others. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 11. i. 51 Flints and pebbles are subject unto fusion. 1683 Pettus Fleta Min. 1. (1686) 5 Oars, .of an easier Fusion. 1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 12 This Operation is .. seldom perform'd without Melting or Fusion. 1807T. Thomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 53 When exposed to the heat of boiling water, they undergo the watery fusion ; that is to say, the water which they con¬ tain becomes sufficient to keep the barytes in solution. 1812-16 J. Smith Panorama Sc. Sf Art I. 5 The texture of steel is rendered more uniform by fusion. 1832 G. R. Porter Porcelain Sf Gl. 70 That degree of heat must be employed which will give perfect fusion to the glaze. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. 199 It [the earth] existed at one time in a state of fusion. Jig. 1850 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. (1863) 227 That wonderful religious movement which .. threw men’s minds into a state of fusion, b. concr. A fused mass. 1823 J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 138 The fusion is to be raised to the tempering height. 1863 Fr. A. Kemble Resid. in Georgia 61 Clouds, which appeared but a fusion of the great orb of light. 1882 T. Coan Life in Hawaii 330 Drawing out small lumps of the adhering fusion, they moulded it, before it had time to cool, into various forms. + 2 . Path. and Phys. a. Thinning, attenuation (of the blood). Cf. Fuse vJ i d. b. In etymo¬ logical sense : A pouring; pouring forth (of the blood); ? = Circulation. Obs. 1710 T. Fuller Phartn. Extemp. 54 A Decoction of Bur¬ dock., keeps the blood in a due mixture, and hinders its Fusion. 1725 N. Robinson Th. Physick 114 The Arteries, on whose Forces the Division and Fusion of the Blood entirely depend. 3 . The union or blending together of different things (whether material or immaterial) as if by melting, so as to form one whole; the result or state of being so blended. Const, into, with. 1776 Adam Smith W. N. i. iv. (1869) I* 2 4 By fusion of the parts they can easily be reunited. 1830-3 Lyell Princ. Geol. (1875) II. hi. xxxviii. 353 There seems to have been a partial fusion of the mammalia at some remote period. 1831 Lamb Elia Ser. 11. Ellistoniana , That harmonious fusion of the manners of the player into those of everyday life, a 1834 Coleridge Shaks. Notes (1849) 10 The fusion of the sensual into the spiritual. 1841 Myers Cath. Th. iv. I.434 A fusion of nations..and an assimilation of races. 1855 Milman Lat. Chr. (1864) IV. vii. vi. 206 This absolute fusion of the religion of peace with barbarous warfare. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Race Wks. (Bohn) II. 22 Everything English is a fusion of distinct and antagonistic elements. 1875 Maine Hist. hist. xiii. 398 He argues for a fusion of law and equity. 1880 Bastian Brain 28 Fusions of ganglia may occur duringthe development ofsomeanimals. 1882 Vines Sachs' Bot. 582 The embryo-sac is formed by the fusion of two Cells equivalent to spore-mother-cells. b. Politics. The coalition (of parties or factions). 1845 Disraeli Sybil (1863) 22 Political conciliation became the slang of the day, and the fusion of parties the babble of clubs. 1861 May Const. Hist. (1863) I. i. 8 A new reign was favorable, .to the fusion of parties. 1879 Green Read. Eng. Hist. vi. 33 Their union was the result of no direct policy of fusion. attrib. 1864 Greeley A mer. Confl. I. xxii. 328 The refusal of part of the Douglas men to support the Fusion ticket (composed of three Douglas, two Bell, and two Breckinridge men). 1896 Daily News 27 July 7/5 Great difficulties are inevitable in making a fusion ticket in the various States. Fusion, -ou(n)n(e, obs. forms of Foison. Fusionism (fiw^oniz’m). [f. Fusion^. + -ism.] The principle or practice of supporting a coalition or coalitions between political parties. 1851 Fraser's Mag. XLIII. 683 Fusionism means .. a renunciation of the Revolution of July, 1830, its deeds and principles [etc.]. Fusionist (fi/z-^onist). [f. Fusion sb. + -ist. Cf. ¥. fusionniste.’] One who strives to promote fusion or coalition between differing associations, parties, or opinions. 1851 Frase?‘'s Mag. XLIII. 683 The man..now comes forward as a fusionist. 1856 Westm. Rev. XXI. 479 Its [the French Academy’s] elections are pitched battles between the Imperialists and the Fusionists. 1884 Century Mag. Jan. 399/1 Ready to break a lance one day for the Orlean- lsts, another for the fusionists. b. attrib. passing into adj. 1858 J. W. Donaldson Lit. Greece III. 41 Neglecting the reactionary or fusionist schemes of Philo or Antiochus. 1873 Daily Ne7us 22 Aug., The Fusionist negotiations have suddenly and finally ended in failure. 1875 M. Pattison Casaubon 504 After a short period of irresolution .. he settled down in the attitude which we may call fusionist. 1882 Pall Mall G. 19 Apr. 6 Among Canadian Railway Securities there is the fusionist conflict with its ups and downs of prices. Fusionless ; see Foisonless. t Fusitive, a. Obs. [irregularly f. L .fits- ppl. stem of fundere to pour.] Of or pertaining to fusing or melting. 1657 Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 75 Whereby the liquative or fusitive Art is enriched. + Fu •sive, cl. and sb. Obs. rare. [f. L .fus- ppl. stem oifundere to pour + -ive.] A. adj. Tending to fuse ; in quot., tending to thin (the blood). Cf. Fuse v. 2 i d. B. sb. Something which fuses. 1657 Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 262 Esula is..sharp, in¬ cisive, tenuative, fusive, apertive and siccative. 1678 R, R[ussell] Geber 111.11. 11. xii. 197 The special fusive of it [i. e. Iron] is Arsnick of every kind. Fusk, a. rare. Also fuse. [ad. L .fusc-us in same sense.] Dark brown, dusky, fuscous. Hence + ru skish a. Obs., somewhat dark or dusky; + Fu'sky a. Obs.— 1 =Fusk. 1563 Hyll Art Garden. (1593) 13 The seeds be then ripe to be gathered, when the grapes bee full ripe, which ripe- nesse of them by their fuskish and browne colour .. may be knowen. 1577 Bee Relat. Spir. 1. (1659) 75 That about the center is of fuskish or leadish colour. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouers Bk. Physicke 56/1 'Fill such time as the fuseke coloured oyle come therout. 1610 Tofte Hon. Acad. 11. 44 The dreadfull lodge of the fuskie daughters of blacke Night. 1657 Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 715 Verdigrease makes it sometimes citreous, sometimes fusk. 1669 Sir R. Paston in Sir T. Bro^une's Wks. (1848) II 1 .513, I found it, from itts fuscye red color, looke licke white lead ground with oyle. 1829 Lamb Let. to H. C. Robinson 27 Feb., Your strange-shaped present, while yet undisclosed from its fuse envelope. t Fu* skin. Obs. rare~ l . [ad. L. fuscina in same sense.] A three-pronged spear. 1575 Laneham Let. (1871) 52 A one syde, Neptune wyth hiz Tridental Fuskin. Fusle, var. of Fuzzle v., Obs. t Fusoe. Obs.— 1 [Anglicized spelling of Fr. fuseau.'] A spindle. c 1710 C. Fiennes Diaiy (1888) 119 People both in Suffolk and Norfolk knitt much and spin, some w* h v® Rock and fusoe as the French does, others at their wheeles. Fusoid (fi/ 7 *zoid), a. [f. L. fus-us spindle + -oiD.j = Fusiform 2. 1889 in Century Diet. t Fu’SOry, a. Obs.— 1 [ad. L. fusori-us, f. fits- ppl. stem of fundere to pour.] Adapted or tending to fuse or melt. 1678 R. R[ussell] Geber v. v. 276 The Fusory Furnace is that in which all Bodies are easily melted by themselves. Fusoun, obs. form of Foison. + Fuss, sb. 1 Obs. = Fussock i,Fustilugs. 1667 Dryden & Davenant Tempest 111. iii, This [his Bosen’s Whistle].. is a Badge of my Sea-Office; my fair Fuss, thou dost not know it. 1675 Cotton Burlesque on B. 113 That great ramping Fuss, thy Daughter.^ 1702 Steele Funeral in. (1734) 51 O' Sunday Morning at Church I curtsied to you ; and look'd at a great Fuss in a glaring light dress next Pew. FUSS (fz?s), sb. 2 [Perh. echoic of the sound of something sputtering or bubbling, or expressive of the action of ‘puffing and blowing’. Cf. also fuss, Fuzz (=fuzzball). The common view that the word is connected with Fous a., * eager, ready,* is baseless ; the adj. is not found later than the 15th c., and has little affinity of sense with the sb.] 1 . A bustle or commotion out of proportion to the occasion ; a needless or excessive display of concern about anything ; ostentatious or officious activity. Phrase, + to keep a fuss with — the later to make a fuss about. 1701 Farquhar Sir H. Wildair 111. i, Ah ! I hate these Congregation-women. There’s such a fuss and such a clutter about their Devotion. 1726 Swift To a Lady in Johnson Eng. Poets XLIII. 79 Come to use and appli¬ cation; Nor with senates keep a fuss, c 1730 Ld. Lans- downe Wild Boars Def Wks. 1732 I. 140 With your Humanity you keep a Fuss; But are in truth worse brutes than all of us. 1783 Mad. D’Arblay Diary Jan., I felt so fagged with the preceding day’s fuss. 1806-7 J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) xi. 271 You have both been making a great fuss about nothing. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xxiii. 71 She got under weigh with very little fuss. 1850 Lowell Lett. (1894) I. 175 It is only foolish little men that are fond of mysteries and fusses. 1879 Dixon Brit. Cyprus vi. 58 They were to ask no leave, and make no fuss. 1888 Bryce A mer. Commiu. III. ci. 424 There is a good deal of fuss about trotting-matches. b. Fuss-andfeathers, bustle and display; hence fuss-and-featherdom. 1866 Temple Bar May 198 Their [hen-women’s] fuss and featherdom have, .a different direction. 1891 Wolseley in Pall Mall G. 23 Sept. 7/2 It was no fuss-and-feathers and gold-lace army. 2 . A state of (more or less ludicrous) consterna¬ tion or anxiety. 1705 Vanbrugh Confed. iv. Wks. (Rtldg.) 431/1 Why. here’s your Master in a most violent Fuss, and no mortal Soul can tell for what. 1746 Hawley in Albemarle 50 Yrs. of my Life (1876) I. 114, I could not Jell you. .the fusse the battalions of Guards are in upon this sudden embarcation. 1813 Lady Burghersh Lett. (1893) 74 Madame Legoux.. had been in a fine fuss about us. 3 . [f. the vb.] One who fusses. 1875 Howells Foregone Concl. 98, I am a fuss, and I don t deny it. Fuss (fos), v. [f. prec. sb.] 1 . intr. To make a fuss; to be in a bustle; to busy oneself restlessly about trifles ; to move fussily [about, up and down , etc.) 1792 Elvina II. 132 The Thorntons were among the first. Sir Gilbert fussing about, with his large white wig and gouty legs, as happy as any of them. 1797 Polwhele Old Eng. Gentl. 62 She fuss’d to form arrangements with the cook. 1852 R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tourxv. 78 He had been fussing about it not long before, .dusting the portrait of himself. 1859 Blackw. Mag. Apr. 456/2 Forth would fuss Achmet, with a huge crowd of staff. 1871 Dixon Tcnuer IV. iv. 34 Sir John, .fussed and fumed about the Court. 1876 Mrs. F. E. Trollope Charming Felltnu 1 . xi. 143 His wife FUSSE. 624 FUSTIAN. liked to be fussing about in kitchen and store-room. 1883 J. Parker Tyne Ch. 11 But the more he was fussed over the more he infidelled. 1887 T. A. Trollope What I remember I. xiv. 293, I remember the host fussing in and out of the room during the quarter of an hour before dinner. 1889 The County vi. in Cornh. Mag. Feb., They may be fussed over as novelties. tra)isf. 1847 Lytton Lucretia 114 By the coal fire, where, through volumes of smoke, fussed and flickered a pretension to flame. 1862 H. Marry at Year in Sweden I. 340 Little steam gondolas with onion-funnels, puffing and fussing like busy water-beetles in a microscope. 2 . trans . To put into a fuss ; to agitate, worry; to bother about trifles. Also To fuss tip (? dial.) : to flatter, treat with fussy politeness. 1816 T. Moore Mem. (1853) II. 98 Safe arrived,—quite well, but more pulled about, fussed, and bustled than ever. 1820 Clare Rural Life (ed. 3) 14 Since Hope’s deluding tongue inclin'd me To fuss myself. 1821 — Vill. Minstr. 1 . 157 Since he fuss'd me so up in the grove. 1876 Miss Yonge Womankind xxviii. 245 It is generally the safest way to take care to be in time ourselves, but to guard against fussing other people. 1885 Mrs. Walford Nan, etc. II. 163 The going in and out. .always fusses me. Hence Fussed ppl. a., in a fuss; agitated, dis¬ concerted ; Fussing* vbl. sb. and ppl. a. Also Fussation [see -ation], the action, habit, or practice of fussing ; Fu*sser [see -er *], one who fusses. 1775 Mad. D’Arblay Let. Nov. in Early Diary , She dis¬ pelled all sort of ceremony, distance, or fussation. 1826 Miss Mitford Village 11. (1863) 317 She was addicted to a fussing and fidgetty neatness. 1832 Scott St. Ronan's Introd. 9 The character of the traveller, meddling, self- important, and what the ladies call fussing. 1847 Bushnell Chr. Nurt. 11. i. (1861) 245 His obstinacy is but the fussing of his weakness, i860 Miss Yonge Stokesley Seer. v. (1880) 228 David is taking up his slate, and looking a little fussed because there is a scratch in the corner. 1869 Lady Barker Station Life N. Zealand xv. (1874' 108, I have finished all my little fussings about the house. 1884 A. A. Putnam 10 Yrs. Police Judge xv. 161 Every witness, affiant, loafer, fusser, and teazer of this jurisdictional region. 1890 Pall Mall G. 2 May 2/3 The Standard with its fellow fussers and fogies abroad sits down and waits the event. 1895 World Christm. No. 61/2 That idiotic fussa¬ tion . .all the excitement, and all those people staring at her. Fuss, Fuss-ball : see Fuzz, Fuzz-ball. + Fusse. Her. Obs. [ad. F. fosse a ditch.] A foss, ditch, or pool represented as a charge on a shield. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cclxxxi. 171 b, The blasure of his armes was goules, two fusses sable [a deux fosses uoires] a border sable. II Firssefall. Obs .- 1 [Ger.fuszfall, f. phrase (eineni) zu fuszc or zu fiissenfallen to fall at one’s feet.] Prostration before a sovereign. 1547 Thirlby in St. Papers Hen. VIII , XI. 402 The Commissaries of the Duke of Wyrtenberghe have made theyr fussefall and kneled before thEmperour. Fusses : see Fust sb 2 Fussify (fo-sifsi), v. [f. Fuss v. + -(i)fy.] intr. To make a fuss, to go about fussily. So russification [-(i)fication], the action of making a fuss. 1834 Beckford Italy II. 311 How to escape formal fussi- fications. 1868 Q. Rev. Apr. 317 Johnson was constantly fussifying about the brewery with an ink-horn in his button¬ hole. 1883 Miss Braddon Phantom Fort, xli, Fussifica- tion about her carriage. Fussily (fo-sili), adv. [f. Fussy a. + -ly 2 .] In a fussy manner. 1817 Byron Beppo Ixxiii, Who..getting but a nibble at a time, Still fussily keeps fishing on. 1864 J. Forstf.r Life Sir J. Eliot I. 114 He had to make answer by fussily quoting his own book against Bellarmine. 1883 F. M. Peard Co?itrad. I. 33 He had acted, a little fussily perhaps, but nobly. Fussiness (fzrsines). [f. Fussy a. + -ness.] The quality or habit of being fussy ; restless or ostentatious activity about trifles. 1851 Helps Comp. Solit. xi. (1874) 192 That freedom from small fussiness. 1876 Green Stray Stud. 316 Her religious exhortations are backed by scoldings and fussiness. 1884 Manch. Exam. 20 May 5/2 The fussiness of Thiers, who would have a finger in every pie that was being made. + Fu*ssle. Obs. 1607 Brewer Lingua iv. vi, Such stirre with .. Muffes, Pussies, Fussles .. Fillets, Croslets. .and so many lets, that yet shee is scarse drest to the girdle. Fussock, fuzzock. Also 7 fussocks. [Cf. Fuss sb ?; also fuss, Fuzz sb. 1 . Fuzz-ball.] 1 . A fat, unwieldy woman, dial, or slang. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew s. v., A Fat Fussocks, a Flusom, Fat, Strapping Woman, c 1746 J. Collier (Tim Bobbin) View Lane. Dial. Wks. (1862) 55 This broddling Fussock lookt feaw os Tunor [a dog] when id done. 1868 Waugh Sneck Bantu . 40 ‘ Nay,’ cried Billy; ‘ thae'rt noan beawn to run off thi bargain becose o’ this fuzzock makin’ her din, arto?’ 2 . Sc. A fluffy mass (of cotton). 1882 G. Macdonald Castle Warlock xxiv. (1883) 153 A fussock 0 cotton-’oo’ rowed roon a bit o’ stick. Hence f Fu'ssock v. Obs. intr., to roll about in an unwieldy way. Implied in f Fussocking - ppl. a. ? Obs. 1782 Charlotte Burney in Mad. D'Arblay’s Early Diary (1889) II. 297 Mrs. Percy is a vulgar, fussocking, proud woman ; but very civil to us. 1847-78 Halliwell, Fussocking , large and fat. Fussy (fo'si), a. [f. Fuss sb . 2 + -y k] 1 . Of persons, their habits and actions: Fond of fuss, moving and acting with fuss ; habitually busy about trifles. 1831 T. Moore Mem. (1854) VI. 201 Lucky for him that he is so little of an irritable or fussy nature. 1850 Frasers Mag. XLI. 163 She is fussy and fidgetty (if there be such words). 1854 Lowell Cambridge 30 Y. Ago Prose Wks. 1890 I. 46 Foreign travel may..make them, if not wiser, at any rate less fussy. 1866 Miss Braddon Lady's Mile iii. 41 The fussy dowager.. swooped down upon her nephew. 1877 Owen Wellesley's Desp. p. xlv, The fussy charlatanism .. of ambitious sciolists. 1892 Jessopp Stud. Recluse Pref. (1893) 11 There were no schools then ; no fussy visiting of the poor. transf. 1871 L. Stephen Playgr. Eur. ix. (1894) 212 The butterfly .. is much too fussy an insect to enjoy himself properly. 1895 Daily News 5 July 9/1 The fussy little Conservancy tug. 2 . dial. and U.S . Of places: Full of bustle, bustling. 1848 A. B. Evans Leicestersh. Words, etc. s.v., The shops will be quite full and fussy. 1853 Motley Corr. (1889) !. vi. 161 A populous, busy, fuming, fussy, little world like this. 3 . Of dress, etc.: Full of petty details. Also, in dressmaking language, without depreciatory im¬ plication ; With many flounces, puffs, pleats, etc. 1858 Holland Titcomb's Lett. i. 92 Let every garment be well fitted..fussy in no point. 1881 Queen 1 Oct. Advt., The skirt .. puffed more or less fussy, according to figure. 1895 Daily Chron. 15 Jan. 7/3 The latter [medal] had been withheld, the designs being fussy and of doubtful con¬ struction. 1896 Westm. Gaz. 7 May 3/1 The fussy sunshade is much beflounced with lace-edged chiffon. t Fust, sb?- Obs. Also 6 foust. [a. OF .fust (mod. F. flit ): see Foist jA 2 ] I. 1 . A wine-cask. 1481-90 Hoiuard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 85, xxx. pipes bere, and a toon wyn x.s., the bere x.li. and for the fustes xxx.s. 1601 Househ. Ord. (1790) 295 The Serjant..hath for his fee, all the empty foustes of wine. 2 . ‘A strong smell, as that of a mouldy barrel * (Johnson 1755). Whence in mod. Diets. II. 3 . (See quot. 1819.) [So F.fi 2 t, It. fustoi] 1665 J. Webb Stone-Heng (1725) 35 The Column . .dimin¬ ishing (from the third Part of the Fust upwards). 1682 Wheler Journ. Greece 1. 48 They were neither Channell’d, nor altogether plain ; but their Fusts cut into Angles. 1717 Berkeley Jml. Tour Italy 27 Jan. Wks. 1871 IV. 550 The wreaths along the fusts of the columns. 1819 Nichol¬ son Diet. Archit., Fust, the shaft of a column, or trunk of a pilaster. t Fust, sb. 2 Obs. In pi. 6-7 fusses, fusts, [ad. li.fuslo lit. ‘ stick’. Cf. F.fili de girofe. With the plural form fusses cf. dial .pisses for fsts. It is somewhat doubtful whether the first quot. belongs to this word.] (See quot. 1657.) 1422 tr. Seer eta Secret ., Priv. Priv. (E. E. T. S.) 240 Moche worth is the lytwary y-makyd of fuste and aloes, for that fuste confortyth the stomake .. Then sethe he fuste in wynne, and drynke hit erly. 1597 Gerarde Herbal iii. cxliv. 1352 Those grosse kihde of Cloues .. which of the ancients are called Fusti, whereof we haue englished them Fusses. 1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden cxxxiv. 199 Those [Cloves] that do abide longer on the trees .. being called by most Fusses, yet some call the stalks of the Cloves Fusses. Ibid. Table. .Fusses or Fusts. Fust, sb .3 Obs. exc. dial. [var. of First sb.] The ridge of the roof of a house : see quot. 1819. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 142 The Fust of the House. 1819 Nicholson Diet. Archit., Fust , a term used in Devon¬ shire, and perhaps in some other counties, for the ridge of a house. t Fust, sl>A Obs. [short f. Fustic.] ^Fustic. 1682 Wheler Journ. Greece iv. 307 There groweth Fust also, or Yellow-wood, used to dye with. Fust (host), v. Obs. exc. dial. Also Foist v. 2 [f. Fust sb? 1, 2.] intr. To become mouldy or stale-smelling; esp. a. Of corn: To become mouldy ; also fig. b. Of wine : To taste of the cask; also fig. a 1592 H. Smith Serm. (1637) 440 As the Manna which the Jewes gathered over an Homer did them no good, but mould and fust. 1604 Shaks. Ham. iv. iv. 39 (Qo. 2) He that made vs .. gaue vs not That capabilitie and god-like reason To fust in vs vnvsd. 1755 Johnson, Fust, to grow mouldy ; to smell ill. 1799 G. Smith Laboratory I. 429 To prevent wine from fusting, otherwise tasting of the cask. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Fust, to mould as corn does. Hence Fu/sted ppl. a. = Fusty i. 1597-8 Bp. Hall Sat. iv. v. 117 Of fusted hoppes now lost for lack of sale. 1621-51 Burton Anat. Mel 1. ii. 1. vi. 63 If the spirits of the brain be fusted .. the children will be fusted in the brain ; they will be dull, .all their lives. 1799 G. Smith Laboratory I. 432 To restore a wine fusted, or tasting of the cask. 1897 G. Macdonald Salted with Fire 203 To me it was like the fuistit husks o' the half-faimisht swine ! Fust, obs. f. of Fist sb?, var. of Foist sb? Obs. Fustage (fzrsteda;). Cape Colony, [f. Fust sb. + -age.] 4 The vats, tubs, and all the wooden uten¬ sils used in making wine* (MS. Let. Nov. 1865). 1868 Cape <5* Natal News 7 Dec. 18 A large vintage in prospect, and no fustage in which to store it. Fustanella (fostaneda). Also fustinella, fustanelle, (badly) fustanelli. [a. It. lingua franca fustanella , dim. of the name by which the garment is known in Greece and Turkey : mod.Gr. e oone bed a peyre fustyans. £1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 922 Fustian and shetis clene by sight and sans ye tast. 1494 Househ. (1790) 121 Then shall the yeoman of thestuffe take a fustian .. & caste it upon the bedd .. & the sheete likewise .. then lay on the other sheete .. then lay on the over fustian above. 1500 Inv. in Ann. Reg. (1768) T34 A paire of old Fustians. + C. Fustian of Naples. Also 6 fustian hi naples or aplis, fustyan(e aples or n)apes, fwsti- naples, fustianapes,/its tniapes, 6-7 fustian an apes or an apes. App. a kind of cotton velvet. Cf. A-napes. Obs. 1465 Rolls of Par It. V. 505 Fustian, bustian, nor fustian of Napuls. 1534 in Eng. Ch. Furniture (Peacock 1866) 207 A new cusshion of fustian in naples. 1594 Blundevil Exerc. v. iii. (ed. 7) 533 Fustianapes of Vellures, and of Wool, Bayes, Silke, Parchment lace, Sarcenet and Inkle. 1575, 1611, a 1627 [see A-napes]. 2 . fig. Inflated, turgid, or inappropriately lofty language; speech or writing composed of high- sounding words and phrases ; bombast, rant; in early use also f jargon, made-up language, gib¬ berish. For the development of sense cf. Bombast. £1590 Marlowe Faust, iv. 76 Wag. Let thy left eye be diametarily fixed upon my right heel, with quasi vestigiis nostris insistere. Clown. God forgive me, he speaks Dutch fustian. 1599 B. Jonson Ev. Man out of his Humour iii. i, Prithee let’s talk fustian a little, and gull them. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 11, iii. 11. (1651) 316 If he can. .wear his clothes in FUSTIAN. 625 FUSTY. fashion, .talk big fustian. 1651 Cleveland Poems 41 With humble service, and such other Fustian. i68x Drydf.n Sp. Friar Ded., I am much deceiv’d if this be not abominable fustian, that is, thoughts and words ill sorted, and without the least relation to each other. 1735 Pope Prol. Sat. 187 And he, whose fustian’s so sublimely bad, It is notPoetry, but prose run mad. a 1797 H. Walpole Mem. Geo. Ill (1848) I. viii. hi Glover..uttered a speech in most heroic fustian. 1822 Hazlitt Table-t. Ser. 11. v. (1869) 123 They flounder about between fustian in expression, and bathos in sentiment. 1884 Fortn. Rev. June 838 It was all nonsense, and the basest kind of political fustian. b. occas. Clap-trap. 1880 Beaconsfield Endymion xci, Sensible Englishmen . .looked upon the whole exhibition as fustian. 3 . (See quot.) 1832 Hone Year Bk. 62 Rum fustian is a * night-cap \ made precisely in the same way [as egg-flip]. 4 . Comb., as fustian-maker ; fustian-clad , -suited adjs. Also fustian-cutting, the action or process of cutting the surface-threads of weft of fustian ; so fustian-cutter, one who performs this; + fustian- man, a fustian-maker; fustian-picker, a workman who dresses fustian. 1876 C. M. Davies Unorth. Lond. 54 *Fustian clad men. 1884 C/iesh. Gloss., * Fustian cutter , one who finishes off fustian by cutting it to a sort of velvetty pile. 1855 Mrs. Gaskell North $ S. xvii, Where is your sister? Gone *fustian-cutting. 1704 Lond. Gas. No. 3987/4 Robei't Dunn, of Bolton in Le Moors..*Fustian-maker. 1720 Ibid. No. 5909/8 William Nabbs, late of Hallifax, *Fustianman. 1865 Public Opinion 21 Jan. 55/1 If the makers of lucifer- matches are not henceforth to be poisoned. .nor *fustian- pickers to be rendered deformed by bad conditions of work. 1891 Daily News 26 Dec. 5/5 A gardener .. assisted by one of his *fustian-suited fellows, is staking and pruning a tree. B. adfi 1 . [attrib. use of the sb.] Made of fustian. 1537 Bury Wills (Camden) 128 Item I geve to Wylliam Bolo r my fosten doblett. 1554 Ibid. 144 A paier of fustian blankets. 16ix Coryat Crudities 465 For my clothes being but a threadbare fustian case were so meane. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 498 P 3 A lively young fellow in a fustian jacket. 1753 Smollett Ct. Fathom (1781) 63/2 For all my bit of a fustian frock.. I have more dust in my fob, than all these powdered sparks put together. 1826 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1828) IV. 538 The plain fustian jacket used by English sportsmen. 1859 Thackeray Virgin, xxii, He wore a plain fustian cloak. fig. 1589 Pappe w. Hatchet (1844) 39 Botching in such frize iestes vppon fustion earnest. 1592 G. Harvey Pierce's Super. 158, I could smile at a frise jest when the good man would be pleasurable and laugh at fustion earnest when the merry man would be surly. 1885 E. W. Lightner in Harpers Mag. Mar. 533/1 To gain some individuality which will remove the impression that it is a fustian counter¬ part of a genuine and admirable fabric. b. dial. (See quot., and cf. Fustiany.) 1750 W. Ellis Mod. Husb. III. 1. 66 There are four several sorts [of Marl], viz.—the Fustian, the Cowshit, the Black- steel, and the Shale: The Fustian Sort is an Earth com¬ posed of a fat Loam and Sand, of a reddish Colour. 2 . Of language: Of the nature of fustian; ridiculously lofty in expression ; bombastic, high- flown, inflated, pompous. +Also, belonging to cant or made-up jargon. 1592 Greene Upst. Courtier (1871) 37 Then comes he out.. with his fustian eloquence. 1598 Florio, Monelle , a roguish or fustian word, a word inpedlers French, signifying wenches. 1610 B. Jonson Alch. iv. ii, Haue ’hem vp, and shew ’hem Some fustian booke, or the darke glasse. 1623 Cockeram Premon., The fustian termes, vsed by too many who study rather to bee heard speake, than to vnderstand themselves. 1660 Howell Lex. Tetragl., Fustian Language, Barra- goiiin; la lingua furbesca; Jerigon5a. 1670 Cotton Esper- non 11. vii. 329 The Queen .. writ a Letter to the Duke .. in a fustian style. 1748 Anson's Voy. 111. vii. 482 Notwith¬ standing the fustian eulogiums bestowed upon them by the Catholic Missionaries. 1838-9 Hallam Hist. Lit. II. v. II. § 73. 229 Pope censures the haste, negligence and fustian language of Chapman. 1884 J. Sharnian Hist. Swearing ii. 26 The fustian ornament of somewhat spirited talk. + b. Hence of a writer or speaker. Obs. [1597: see 3.] 1693 Dryden Persiusw. 9 Let Fustian Poets with their Stuff be gone. 1782 J. Warton Ess. Pope II. x. 149 note , Ridiculing the false pomp of fustian writers. t c. Fustian fume : a great display of anger. So fustian anger. Obs. 1553 Bale Vocacyon 30 b, The Treasurer, beynge in hys fustene fumes, stoughtely demaunded a determinate answere. 1583 Stanyhurst sEneis 11. (Arb.) 46 With fuming fustian anger. 1626 L. Owen Spec. Jesuit. (1629) 3 Vpon this the Monke in a Spanish fustian-fume, cryed out. 1682 N. O. Boileau's Lutrin iv. 173 The Chanter netled heard in fustian fume Rejoyning Girard thus sawcily presume. 3 . Worthless, sorry, pretentious. 1523 Skelton Garl. Laurel 1206 This fustian maistres and this giggishe gase. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, 11. iv. 203 Thrust him downe stayres, I cannot endure such a Fustian Rascall. 1600 Dr. Dodypoll 1. i. in Bullen O. PI. III. 103 A fustie Potticarie ever at hand with his fustian drugges. 1632 Lithgow Trav. in. 108 Now what a selfe Losungeous fellow hath this fustian companion proved. x86i K. H. Digby Chapel St. John (1863) 325 The fustian rascal and his poor lack-linen mate. + b. ‘ Made up ’, imaginary. Obs. x6oo B. Jonson Cynthia s Rev. (1692) Induction, The scene Gargaphie; which I do vehemently suspect for some fustian country. + 4 . Sc. ? Coarse, plain, homely. Obs. rare— 1 . X549 Compl. Scot. vi. 43 Thai hed na breyd bot ry caikis and fustean skonnis maid of flour. Hence Pu stianed a., clothed in fustian ; Fus- tianist, one who writes fustian; Fu’stianize v. VOL. IV. intr., to write fustian ; Ftrstiany a. dial . (see quot., and cf. Fustian B. i b). 1642 Milton Apol. Smed. viii, Preferring the gay rankness of Apuleius, Arnobius, or any modern Fu tianist, before the native Latinisms of Cicero. 1830 O. W. Holmes Poet's Lot 4 To get a ring, or some such thing, And fustianize upon it. 1849 Alb. Smith Pottlcton Leg. 62 The fus- tianed keeper winked at the gorgeous Roman warrior. 1883 T. Hardy Wessex T. in Longm. Mag. I. 572 Hob¬ nailed and fustianed peasantry. 1884 Chesh. Gloss.,Fustiany, applied to sand with a good deal of earth (the colour of fustian) in it, that prevents its being used for mortar. Fustic (fo'stik). Also 6-7 fusticke, (7 fust- wick, 8 fustoc, -uc), 7-9 fustick. [a. Y. fustoc , a. Sp. fustoc, a. Arab. fustuq, ad. Gr. TTKTTaKT] Pistachio. The name was transferred from the pistachio to the closely-allied sumach-tree {Rhus Cotinus), and thence to another tree which resembles the latter in yielding a yellow dye.] 1 . The name of two kinds of wood, both used for dyeing yellow, a. The wood of the Venetian sumach {Rhus Cotinus ). Now only with defining word, young or Zanle fustic, b. The wood of the Cladrastis ( Chlorophora, Maclura :) tinctoria of America and the West Indies. Sometimes called for distinction old fustic. 1545 Ascham Toxoph. (Arb.) 123 Steles [of arrows] be made of dyuerse woodes, as.. Fusticke [etc.]. 1646 Royalist Composition Papers (Yorksh. Archmol. Soc.) II. 47 In goods viz. Oyles, Mathers, Gales, Copperis, Ret wood, ffustwick. 1652 Perfect Account No. 101. 2071, 2 Cannestrees of Cochinele, a good quantity of Fustick. 1719 De Foe Crusoe I. xvi, It was very like the Tree we call Fustic. 1757 Dyer Fleece (1807) 97 The snowy web is steep’d, with grains of weld, Fustic, or logwood, mix'd, or cochineal. 1812 J. Smyth Prod. 0/ Customs (1821) 290 Fustick imported from the Greek islands is in very small sticks, and is denominated by the trade young Fustick. 1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 414 Before fustic can be employed as a dye-stuff, it must be cut into chips. 1870 Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. 218 Fustic is brought to market in long pieces or logs. 2 . A yellow dye extracted from the wood of the fustic trees. 1858 Carpenter Veg. Phys. § 367 The dye termed Fustic .. is extracted from the wood of a species of Mulberry tree. 1863 Life in South II. 306 Fustic, and copal, with other dyes and varnishes. 3 . attrib ., as fustic-tree, - wood . 1630 Capt. Smith Trav. $ Adv. xxvi. 56 Fusticke trees are very great and the wood yellow, good for dying. 1712 tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 70 The People of Provence and Italy, after they have peel’d off the Bark, sell the Fustick Wood. 1756 P. Browne Jamaica 339 The Fustic tree. This is a fine timber wood, and a principal ingredient in most of our yellow dyes. Fustied (fvstid). [f. Fusty + -ed 1 .] Made fusty ; deprived of brightness or freshness. 1576 Newton Lemnie's Complex. 11. vi. 141b, Affections and perplexities, .makinghim to loke lyke syluer al fustyed wyth chimney soote. Fustigate (fo’stigtf't), v. Now humorously pedantic, [f. L. fustigat- ppl. stem of fustigare to cudgel to death, f. fustis cudgel.] trans . To cudgel, beat. X656-81 Blount Glossogr., Fustigate , to beat with a staff, to cudgel, a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1662) 136 Falling out with his Steward, .and fustigating him for his faults. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. III. in. viii. (1872) 131 These serpent¬ haired Extreme She Patriots do now. .shamefully fustigate her. X851 R. F. Burton Goa 168 Our panting steeds, whom the Vetterino was fustigating. 1879 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 31 May 813 She may now leave the business to the small patient himself, provided he be old and sensible enough to fustigate himself systematically. fig. ( absol .) 1888 Sat. Rev. 2 June 667 He brands, he bruises, he fustigates; he stamps his victims ridiculous. Hence Firstigated ppl. a. Also Pu’stigator, one who fustigates or beats (another). 1727 Bailey vol. II, Fustigated , beaten with a Cudgel. 1865 Pall Mall G. 8 Nov. o We shall hear by an early mail of the magistrate himself having been assaulted.. as soon as the gallant fustigator is liberated on bail. Fustigation (fostig^Jan), [ad. L. fiistiga- tidn-em, n. of action {.fustigare to Fustigate. Cf. ¥ .fustigation.] The action of cudgelling or beating. x 563-87 Foxe A. «$• M. (1596) 609/2 This penance .. to be done, .that is to say, six fustigations or displings about the parish church of Aldborough. 1614 Selden Titles. Hon. 64 That punishment of Fustigation was it seems, instituted by Antoninus and Commodus. 1667 Earl of Bristol Elvira II. in Hazl. Dodsley XV. 32 Heaven send him a light hand To whom my fustigation shall belong. 1715 tr. C'tess D'Aunoy's Whs. 205 Don Pedro cry’d so loud at that fustigation. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. II. iv. i, Martyrdom not of massacre, yet of fustigation. i860 J. C. Jeaffreson Bk. about Doctors I. 7 For many centuries fustigation was believed in as a sovereign remedy for bodily ailments. fig. 1858 Motley Corr. (1889) I. 249 Lord Clarendon in the Lords administered a most serious fustigation. t Fustila’rian. Obs. {?nonce-wd.) [?Comic formation on next.] ? =next. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, 11. i. 66 (Qo. 1600) Away you scullian, you rampallian, you fustilarian [1623 Fustillirian], ile tickle your catastrophe. FustilugS (ftrstiltfgz). Obs. exc. dial. [?f. Fusty a. + Lug in the sense of something heavy or slow.] A person, ©sp. a woman, of gross or corpu¬ lent habit; a fat, frowzy woman. 1607 R. C. tr. Estienne's World of Wonders Pref. 10 The country swains contenting themselues though they haue not the fairest, take the woodden-fac’d wenches and the ill- fauourd-foule-fustilugs for a small summe. 1621 Burton Anal. Mel. 111. ii. iv. i. (1651) 519 Every lover admires his mistress, though she be. .a vast virago, or. .a fat fustylugs. 1639 tr. Junius' SinStigmat. xv. 39 You may dayly see such fustilugs walking in the streets, like so many Tunnes, each moving upon two pottle pots. 1746 Exmoor Scolding 118 (E. D. S.) Ya gurt Fustilugs ! 1778 Ibid. Gloss., Fusty-lugs, —spoken of a big-boned Person,—a Great foul Creature. 1867 W. F. Rock Jim an' Nell lxii. (E. D. S. No.76) ‘ Nell isn’t a gurt fustilugs O’ cart-hoss heft, an’ hulking dugs.* Fustin (fzrstin). Chetn. [f. Fust-ic or Fust-et + -in.] * The name given by Preisser to the colour¬ ing matter of Rhus Cotinus * (Watts Did. Chem . 1864). Cf. Fusteric. Fustie (fo's’l), sb. Sc. and dial. Also fussle. [onomatopoeic; cf. Fuss, Bustle.] (See quots.) So rustle v. dial., to make a fuss; Firstling- ppl. a. dial., fussing, fussy. 1832-53 J. Ballantyne in Whistle-Binkie (Scot. Songs) Ser. 11. 116 Thou jaggy, kittly, gleg wee thing .. Soon scamper aff, hap stap an’ fling, Wi’ couring fustie. 1847-78 Halliwell, Fussle, a slight confusion. Suffolk. Fustie , a fuss, or bustle. Warm. 1867 \V. F. Rock Jim an ’ Nell cxxxiv. (E. D. S. No. 76), Zum foreward, fustling youth. 1891 Hart land Gloss., Fustie, to make a fuss. t Fu’Stler. Obs. rare— x . ?=Fuster. 1605 Depos. in Wells Depos. (MS.), Johannes Webb, de Brushford in comite Somerset, Fustier. Fusty (fo'sti), a. Also 6 fewsty; and see Foisty. [f. Fust sb T 2.] 1 . That has lost its freshness, stale-smelling, musty, a. Of a wine-cask or vessel. Also of the wine : Tasting of the cask. Obs. exc. dial. 1398 Barth. De P. R. in. xii. (1495) 57 Wyne and other licour takyth infeccion of a vessell that is fusty. X520 Whitinton Vulg. (1527) 15 The wyne bottell is somwhat fusty. i6ox Holland Pliny II. 152 To renue their wines, and make them seem fresh and new, after they haue by long lying gotten a fusty rotten tast. 1616 Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 617 To restore againe into his former and sound estate, the Wine that is growne fat, fustie, and hath taken winde. 1877 Holderness Gloss., Fusty, musty; fetid ; stale: generally applied to malt liquors, or vessels containing them. fig. 1645 Milton Colast . (1851) 375 His farewell, which is to be a concluding, taste of his jabberment in law, the flashiest and the fustiest that ever corrupted in such an unswill’d hogshead. b. Of bread, corn, meat, etc.: Smelling of mould or damp. 1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (1495) 6 He. .founde brede. .the whyche was not fayre, but fusty and spotted. 1545 Ascham Toxoph. 1. (Arb.) 76 If a feaste .. had fewsty and noughty bread, all the other daynties shulde be vnsauery. 1596 Bp. W. Barlow Three Serin, ii. 59 Who had rather the corne should waxe fustie in their garners then to sell it out. 1606 Shaks. Tr. $ Cr. 11. i. 111 If he knocke out either of your braines, he were as good cracke a fustie nut with no kernell. 1655 Moufet & Bennet Health!s Improv. (1746) 339 You must not presently mould up your Meal after grinding..nor keep it too long, lest it prove fusty. X884 J. Bull's Neighb. in True Light xii. 88 He will take a piece of diseased horse or fusty beef, and make a ragoilt that will cause you to smack your lips. fig. 1650 Trapp Comm. Numbers ix. 11 That fusty, swell¬ ing, sowring, spreading corruption of nature and practice. 2 . Of persons, places, etc.: Having an unpleasant, * close \ or 1 stuffy * smell such as arises from dirt, dust, or damp. a 1529 Skelton Agst. Garnesche 77 Fusty bawdyas. 1601 B. Jonson Poetaster hi. iv, Hang him, fustie Satire, he smells all goat. 1602 2nd Pt. Return fr. Parnass. v. iv. 2233 Farewell musty, dusty, rusty, fusty London. c 1648-50 Brathwait Barnabees Jrnl. Xva, Ins are nasty, dusty, fustie. 1798 A. Seward Lett. (t8ii) V. 147 Old fusty stuff-beds. 1840 Lady Granville Lett. Jan. (1894) II. 299 Intense heat in the mild, fusty weather. 1842 Dickens in Forster Life hi. 101 Dirty clothes-bags musty^ moist and fusty. 1848 Kingsley Saint's Trag. iv. iv, stifling her with fusty sighs. 1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. iv, A fusty old gown which had been about college probably for ten generations. 3 . fig. That has lost its freshness and interest; bearing marks of age or neglect; of old-fashioned appearance or behaviour, ‘ fogeyish \ 1606 Shaks. Tr. <$• Cr. 1. iii. 161 At this fusty stuffe, The large Achilles .. laughes out a lowd applause. 1609 W. M. Man in Moone (1857) 84 True is the proverbe, though fustie to fine wits. 1674 J. D. Mall 1. i. in DrydeiCs IVks. 1884 VIII. 513 All pretty Ladies will shun thee for a fusty Hus¬ band. 1728 Carey Song in Vanbr. & Cib. Prov. Husb. iv, If I stay ’till I grow gray, They’ll call me old Maid, and fusty old jade. 1743-4 Mrs. Delany Let. to Mrs. Dewes in Life <$• Corr. 249 Old fusty physicians, you know, are full of ceremony. 1782 Miss Burney Cecilia x. x, What could ever induce you to give up your charming estate for the sake of coming into his fusty old family ! 1833 Tenny¬ son Poems 153, I forgave you all the blame, Musty Chris¬ topher ; I could not forgive the praise, Fusty Christopher. 1842 Mrs. Gore Fascin. 164 Letoriere is too good a rider .. to lose his time with fusty Latin and Greek. 1883 Gd. Words 183 The doctors say we get musty and fusty if we stay in one place. + b. ? Ill-humoured, peevish, dull. Obs. rare— 1 . 1668 Pepys Diary 18 June, My wife still in a melancholy, fusty humour, and crying, and do not tell me plainly what it is. f c. Used as sb.: A ( seedy * person. Obs. a 1732 Gay Distress’d Wife 11. v, If Mr. Forward calls, I think—Yes—You may let him in..But, be sure you let in no Fusties. 4 . Comb., as fusty framed, -looking, -rusty adjs. 79 FUSURE. 626 FUTURE. 1593 Tell-Troth's N. Y. Gift 4 After the finishinge of whose fustie framed speech. 1782 Cowper Let. to Unwin < Jan. in Life 1804 III. no But what shall we say of his [Johnson’s] fusty-rusty remarks upon Henry and Emma? 1877 M. M. Grant Sun-Maid i, A fusty-looking old per¬ sonage with a large umbrella. Hence Firstily adv., Fu*stiness ; also (jocular nonce-wds.) Fu*sticate v., to make fusty; Fu*s- tified a. = Fusty a . 3. 1526 Househ. Ord. (1700) 218 Item, that the Brewers doe brew good and seasonable stuff without V/eevell or Fus- tines. a 1661 Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 333 If any fustiness be found in his writings, it comes not from the grape, but from the cask, a 1722 Lisle Hush. (1752) 169 Tis not only the loss of those grains that actually grow, but a foulness and fustiness also. 1835 Beckford Recoil. 150 This most consequential of equerries .. invited us .. to screen ourselves from the meridian heats .. Preceded by the right pompous and fustified equerry, we diverged from the mended track. 1839 Blackw . Mag. XLVI. 734 When there was a sort of golden age .. and shepherds had nothing to do but pipe .. The country pipes now-a-days, are terribly fusticated with tobacco. 1864 Reahn 18 May 8 We have so long associated him [an actor] with Melter Moss, that rustiness and fustiness seemed a normal part of his being. 1874 Blackie Self-Cult. 30 A student, and smells fustily of books, as an inveterate smoker does of tobacco. 1883 J. Payn Thicker than Water 151 The one is fustiness, the other is skimpiness. In the former case .. the air is rather difficult to breathe. Flue is everywhere. Fusun, obs. form of Foison. Fu •sure. rare -0 , [ad. ~L. fftsura founding, f. fundere to found (metals).] Fusing, smelting. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Fttsure, a flowing or melting of Metals. Hence in mod. Diets. tFut, int. Obs . [? an instinctive exclamation; but cf. Foot sb. 1 b.] Used to express surprise. 1602 Marston Ant. # Mel. 11. Wks. 1856 I. 23 Fut, how he tickles yon trout under the gilles. Ibid. in. 35. Fut, obs. and Sc. form of Foot. Futchel(l (fo'tjdl). [Of obscure origin. Possibly repr. some compound of Foot ; cf. pole foot, ‘ the hind end of a pole which goes into the cleaves of the futchels ’ (Knight).] One of the pieces of timber carrying or supporting the shafts, or pole, or splinter-bar of a carriage. 1794 W. Felton Carriages (1801) I. 50 The futchels are 2 light timbers fixed in The fore axeltree bed. 1851 Illustr . Catal. Gt. Fxhib. I. 260 Friction plates attached to futchells. 1853 Ure Diet. Arts (ed. 4) II. 940 The futchel or socket for the pole of the carriage, must also be jointed to the middle of the fore-axletree bed and splinter bar. 1876 Voyle Mil. Diet. (ed. 3), Futchels are strong pieces of wood or iron, three in number, uniting the splinter-bar and the axle-tree bed of a gun-carriage or limber. + Fute, v. Obs .— 1 [? echoic.] intr. To whistle. c 1650 Robin Hood 52 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 29 Now fute on, fute on thou cutted fryar. .it is not the futing in a fryers fist that can doe me any ill. Fute, obs. Sc. form of Food, Foot. Fute, Futerer, var. Feute, Fewteber, Obs. Futher, -ir, obs. forms of Fother sb. Futhorc (fw jifuk). Alsofutkark,-ork. [Named from the first six letters,/", u, p, p or a, r, A] The Runic alphabet. 1851 D. Wilson Preh. Ann. (1863) II* tv. iv. 285 The name futhork is applied to all systems of phonetic signs of the Teutonic Stock, for the same reason as those of classical derivation are called alphabet. 1865 Lubbock Preh. Times App. (1878) 618 We possess no less than 61 Runic Futhorcs. 1868 G. Stephens Runic Mon. I. p. vii, Shown by a couple of the later futhorcs. Futile (fi it’ til, -sil), a. [a. Y. futile or ad. L. futilis (more correctly futtilis ) that easily pours out, leaky, hence untrustworthy, vain, useless, usu. supposed to be i.fud- stem of fundere to pour out.] 1 . Incapable of producing any result; failing utterly of the desired end through intrinsic defect; useless, ineffectual, vain. c 1555 Hakpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII (Camden) 252 II weak and futile it is .. we have already shown, c 1750 Shenstone Elegies ix. 31 Disdaining riches as the futile weeds. 1758 Johnson Idler No. 13 r 8 Half the rooms are adorned with a kind of futile tapestry. 1792 Burke Pres. St. Affairs Wks. VII. 113 Render it as futile in its effects, as it is feeble in its principle. 1802 Syd. Smith Wks. (1867) I. 12 All complaint is futile which is not followed up by appropriate remedies. 1853 C. Bronte Villette xvii, These struggles with the natural character .. may seem futile and fruitless, but in the end they do good. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) 1 .112 An inference that Protagoras evades by drawing a futile distinction between the courageous and the confident. 1875 E. White lift: 1 n Christ Pref. 11878) 13 This is indeed an appeal which is made by every futile dreamer. 2 . Occupied with things of no value or importance, addicted to trifling, lacking in purpose. ? Obs. 1736 Bolingbroke Patriot. (1749) 112 These judgments and these reasonings may be expected in an age as futile and as corrupt as ours. 1751 Chesterf. Lett. (1792) III. 152 The polite conversation of the men and women of fashion at Paris, though not always very deep, is much less futile and frivolous than ours here. Ibid. 192 Frivolous futile people. 1791 .Boswell Johnson 27 Mar. an. 1775 ‘Davy has some convivial pleasantry about him ; but ’tis a futile fellow.' f 3 . Unable to hold one’s tongue, addicted to talking, loquacious. Obs. [From the etymological sense, ‘ leaky ’.] Cf. Futility 3. 1612 Bacon Ess., Counsell (Arb.) 320 One futile person, that maketh it his glory to tell, will do more hurt, then manie that know it their dutie to conceale. 1625 — Simula¬ tion (Arb.) 508 Talkers and Futile Persons. 4 . qtiasi-rA A futile person. 1892 T. Duncan Canaanitish IVoman x. 130 After all, why should he remain for ever among the futiles? Hence Fxrtilely adv., Fvftileness. 1727 Bailey vol. II, Futileness, Futility, Blabbing, Silliness, Lightness, Vanity. 1812 J. J. Henry Camp. agst. Quebec 80 Being without arms, and in an unknown country, my inconsequence and futileness lay heavy on my spirit. 1881 Harper's Plag. LXIII. 353 Regnault met his death, futilely in almost the last engagement of the war. 1888 Mrs. M. Hungerforu Hon. Mrs.Vereker I. xvii. 232 The Chinese lanterns that so liberally, but so futilely, sought to light the pleasure grounds. Futilitarian, «. and.fi. [A humorous coinage, f. Futility, after Utilitarian.] A. adj. Devoted to futility or futile pursuits. B. sb. One who is devoted to futility. 1827 Southey in C. C. Southey Life Corr. V. 290 If the Utilitarians would reason and write like you, they would no longer deserve to be called Futilitarians. 1834 — Dodorxxw. (1848) 85 The whole race of Political Economists, our Malthusites, Benthamites,Utilitarians, or Futilitarians. 1873 F. Hall Mod. Eng. 19 note, The word international, intro¬ duced by the immortal Bentham, and Mr. Car\y\e’sgigmanity . .are significantly characteristic of the utilitarian philan¬ thropist and of the futilitarian misanthropist, respectively. fFutiTitous, cl. Obs. rare* 1 , [irreg. f. Futi- lit-y -f -ous.] = Futile. 1765 Sterne Tr. Shandy VIII. xiii, Love is..one of the most Agitating, Bewitching .. Futilitous .. of all human passions. Futility (fittti’llti). [ad. F. futility or L. futi- ,futtilitdtem , f. futtilis : see Futile and -ity.] 1 . The quality of being futile; triflingness, want of weight or importance ; esp. inadequacy to pro¬ duce a result or bring about a required end, in¬ effectiveness, uselessness. 1623 Cockeram, Futilitic , vanitie. 1654 Whitlock Zooto- 7uia 477 Divine Poems .. might well absolve Poetry of its objected Futility, and Levity. 1732 Berkeley A Iciphr. v. § 19 Whatever futility there may be in their notions. 1777 Priestley Disc. Philos. Necess. 204 Shew the futility of these replies, if you can. 1845 McCulloch Taxation 11. vi. (1852) 253 We have already seen the futility of all attempts to assess taxes proportionally to real profits. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 117 The manifest futility and absurdity of the explanation. 1879 M. Arnold Mixed Ess., Irish Cathol. 104 We should recognize the futility of contending against the most rooted of prejudices. 2 . Disposition to trifle or be occupied with trifles, incapacity for serious affairs or interests, lack of purpose, frivolousness. 1692 Bentley Boyle Led. iii. 28 The same trifling futility appears in their xii Signs of the Zodiack. 1748 Chesterf. Lett. (1792) II. clvi. 57 If they [diversions] are futile and frivolous, it is time worse than lost, for they will give you an habit of futility. 1758 Johnson Idler No. 25 F 11 Leave foppery and futility to die of themselves. 1856 Mrs. C. Clarke Shaks. Char. xx. (1863) 507 If they go wrong, it is from utter futility and incapacity to keep out of harm’s way. 1866 Geo. Eliot F. Holt II. xxiii. 128 The noisy futility that belongs to schismatics generally. + 3 . Talkativeness, loquacity, inability to hold one’s tongue. Cf. Futile a. 3. Obs. 1640 Watts tr. Bacon's Adv. Learn. vm. ii. 383 The Futility of vaine Persons, which easily utter, as well what may be spoken, as what should be secreted. 1692 R. L’Estrange Fables ccccxxvii, This Fable does not strike so much at the Futility of Women in General, as at the Incontinent Levity of a Prying Inquisitive Humour. 4 . Something that is futile. 1667 Bp. S.Parker Free $ Impart. Censure 100 ,1 am sure that those Notions., were but grand and pompous Futilities. 1840 Carlyle Heroes iii. (1841) 163 He was but a loud- sounding inanity and futility; at bottom, he. was not at all. 1843 — Past <$• Pr. 1. i, His mouth full of loud futilities. 1870 Lowell Study Wind. 222 A patchwork of second-hand memories is a laborious futility, hard to write and harder to read. 1871 Morley Voltaire (1886) 8 To reduce the faith to a vague futility. Futilize (fiw’tilsiz), v. rare. [f. Futile + -ize.] trans. To make futile. 1766 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. II. ix. 119 Her whole soul and essence is futilized and extracted into shew and super- ficials. 1867 R. M. Phillimore tr. Dupanlouf s Stud. Worn. vi. (1869) 35 Not to futilize (if I may be allowed the word) the mind of men, who are already too much inclined to futility. t Fu*til0US, a. Obs. [irreg. f. ’L.filii- ,futtil- is F UTILE + -OUS.] = F UTILE. 1607 S. Hieron Defence 1. 171 These arguments, .are futil- ous. 1631 R. Byfield Doctr. Sabb. 11 A futilous distinction of of and to. 1643 True It former 30 The Authors. . were worthlesse and meane futilous persons. 1647 Ward Simp. Coblcr26 It is a most unworthy thing, for men, to spend their lives in making fidle-cases for futilous womens phansies. 1692 Washington tr. Miltons Dcf Pop. viii. (1851) 201 Which is enough to discover how futilous you are, to say, as you have done, that it was a Pope. 1703 Bp. Patrick Comm. 2 Sam. vi. 20 Not with a futilous, lascivious, and petulant joy, but with a pious and moderate. Futra: see Foutre. Futtling (fzHliij). Naut. = Foot-waling (see Foot sb. 35). c 1850 R udim.Navig. (Weale) 119 Footwaling, or Futtling, or Ceiling, the inside plank of the ship’s bottom. Futtock (ftf'tak). Naut. Also 8 foot-hook, [prob., as already suggested in quot. 1644, a pro¬ nunciation of foot- hook (see quot. 1769).] 1 . One of the middle timbers of the frame of a ship, between the floor and the top timbers. 1611 Cotgr., Cour-baston .. (in a ship) a crooked peece of tymber, tearmed a Knee, or Futtocke. 1644 Manwayring Sea-mans Did., Futtocks, this word is commonly pronounced but I thinke more properly it should be called Foote-hookes; for the Futtocks are those compassing timbers, which give the bredth and bearing to the ship, which are scarfed to the ground-timbers. 1769 Falconer Did. Marine (1776), Futtocks, the middle division of a ship's timbers: or those parts which are situated between the floor and the top- timbers .. As the epithet hooked is .. applied .. to several crooked timbers in a ship, as the breast-hooks, fore-hooks, after-hooks, &c., this term is evidently derived from the lowest part or foot of the timber and from the shape of the piece. 1789 G. Keate Pelew Isl. 94 The jolly-boat was dispatched to .. fetch some timbers for futtocks. 1832 Marryat N. Forster iii, Several of the lower futtocks and timbers still hung together. 1846 Addison Contracts 11. vii. § 2 (1883) 998 The twenty-two broken futtocks of the vessel were concealed only by the ballast, c 1850 Rudim. Nawig. (Weale) 120 Futtocks .. are named according to their situation, that nearest the keel being called the first futtock ; the next above, the second futtock, etc. 2 . Comb., as futtock-moula , - rigging , - timber . Also futtock-head, -hole, -hoop (see quots.); futtock-plank = LiMBER-STRAKE; futtock-plate, one of the iron plates crossing the sides of the top- rim perpendicularly, to which the futtock-shrouds are secured; futtock-rider (see quot. 1867); futtock-shroud, one of the small shrouds which secure the lower dead-eyes and futtock-plates of top-mast rigging to a band round a lower mast; futtock-staff, -stave (see quots.). 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., * Futtock-head, in ship¬ building, is a name for the 5th, the 7th, and the 9th diagonals, 1846 Young Naut. Did. s. v. Futtock-shrouds, They are often formed by a continuation of the topmast rigging coming down through holes in the top, called *futtock-holes. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Futtock-holes , places through the top-rim for the futtock-plates. 1874 Knight Did. Mech. I. 931 *Futtock-hoop, a hoop encircling the mast at a point below the head, and serving for the attachment of the shackles of the futtock-shrouds. 1664 E. Bushnell Compl. Shipnuright 19 The .. *futtock-Mould is hauled downward. 1846 Young Naut. Did., Limber-strake . .sometimes called the *futtock-plank. 1769 Falconer Did. Marine (1789) M m ij, An iron hand, called the *foot-hook-plate. 1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 106 Futtock-plates. 1769 Falconer Did. Marine (1789), Eguillettes .. the *futtock-riders. > 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk ^ Futtock-ridcrs , when a rider is lengthened by means of pieces batted or scarphed to it and each other, the first piece is termed the first futtock-rider, the next the second futtock-rider, and so on. c i860 H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 17 What is the name of the rigging from the necklace to the top rims? *Futtock-rigging. 1769 Falconer Did. Marine (1789) Mmij, A rope called the *foot-hook-shroud. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef Mast vi. 13 He fell from the star-board futtock shrouds. 1861 H. Kingsley Ravenshoev i, Clinging to the futtock shrouds. 1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 106 *Futtock-stafp, a short piece of wood or iron, seized across the upper part of the rigging, to which the catharpin legs are secured. 1794 Rigging fy Sea¬ manship I. 166 *Futtock-stave, a short piece of rope served over with spun-yarn, to which the shrouds are confined at the catharpins. 1841 R. H. Dana Seamans Man. 107 * Futtock-timbcrs, those timbers between the floor and navel timbers and the top timbers. t Futurable, a. Obs.— 1 [f. Future +-able.] That may happen in the future. 1655 Fuller C/i. Hist. xi. iii. § 51. 175 What the issue., would have been, is only known to him. .whose prescience extends not only to things future, but futurable, having the certain cognisance of contingents, which might, yet never actually shall, come to passe. t FuturaTity. Obs.— 1 [f. med.L. futur aids (f. futiir-us future : see -al) + -ity.] Futurity; the future (of a person). 1666 G. Alsop Mary land (1869) 101 What the futurality of my days will bring forth, I know not. Future (fi«*tiiu, fiw-tfai), a. and sb. Also 4 futur. [a. OF. and Y. futur ma.se., future fern., ad. ’L.fuiums, fut. pple. of esse to be, f. stem fu - (see Be etym. 3).] A. adj. 1 . That is to be, or will be, hereafter. Often qualifying a sb., with the sense : The person or thing that is expected to be (what the sb. denotes). C1374 Chaucer Troylus v. 748 Futur tyme, er I was in the snare, Coude I not seen. <7x440 Gesta Rom. xxviii. 105 (Harl. MS.) Vyneger was gode, and that is for preterit tyme ; wyne is gode, and [>at is for the presente tyme ; and muste shalle be gode, and that is for the future tyme. 1600 Hakluyt Voy. III. 860 There is no likelihood of future sedition .. in any of the kingdoms. 1641 Milton Ch. Govt. 1. vii, The trifling doubts and jealousies of future sects. 1725 Watts Logic 11. v. § 7 We attain the greatest assurance of things past and future by divine faiths 1816 M. Gref.nlf.af Distr. Maine 136 Like every thing future, all speculations on this subject must .. he in a measure uncertain. 1838 Lytton Alice 25, I wish I were the future Lady Vargrave. 1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 228 The little embryo bears no resemblance whatever to the future animal. i860 Tyndall Glac. 11. xxvi. 374 To help future observers to place this point beyond doubt, etc. 1882 J. H. Blunt Ref. Ch. Eng. II. 428 The series of events which the future Cardinal thus indicated in outline. 1884 tr. Lotze's Mctaph. 264 If to one and the same consciousness that is to become Present which was previously Future to it. 1895 Law Times XCVIII. 280/1 The injury ..blighting the plaintiff’s whole future career. b. In certain contexts used spec, with reference to the condition of the soul after death. A future state, life : existence after death, esp. as an object of belief. FUTURE. 627 FUZZ. 1733 PorE Ess. Man i. Contents , It is partly upon this Ignorance of future Events, and partly upon the Hope of a Future State, that all his Happiness in the Present depends. 1799 Willes & Durnford Comm. Pleas Cases 550 Suppos¬ ing an infidel who believes a God..but does not believe a future state, be examined on his oath. 1883 Gilmour Mongols xvii. 207 The theory of a man’s future state depend¬ ing simply on the preponderance of his good or bad actions, c. absol. or ellipt. ; esp. in phr. in future. 1607 Shaks. Titnon 1. i. 141 Three Talents on the present; in future, all. 1650 Weldon Crt. Jas. I, 155 It utterly cast him out of all favour from the King in future. 1667 Milton P. L. hi. 78 Him God beholding from his prospect high, Wherin past, present, future he beholds. 1808 T. Lindley Voy. Brasil 28, I shall be obliged to..endure a dark room in future. 2 . Of or pertaining to time to come; esp. in Gram, of a tense: Relating to time to come ; describing an event yet to happen. Also ellipt. ( =future tense). Future perfect (tense) : expressing an event or action viewed as past in relation to a given future time. 1 53 ° Palsgr. 84 The future tens, as je parlerdy. 1579 Fulke Refut. Rastell 768 Hee maketh them .. plainer by chaunging the pretertence into the future. 1612 Brinsley Pos. Parts (1669) 34 What time speaks the Future Tense of? A. Of the time to Come. 1633 Earl Manch. At Mondo (1636) 32 Man is a future creature, the eye of his soule lookes beyond this life. 1708 Brit. Apollo No. 51. 1/2 Tho* the first Aorist be..used for the second future. 1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) I. 124 The first Future Tense. .The second Future. H 3 . Loosely used for : Subsequent (to a specified past epoch). 1600 J. Lane Tom Tel-troth 120 Since those times by future times were changed. 1630 R. Johnson''s Kingd. # Commw. 114 Scotland .. in times past began at the Moun- taine Grampius.. But in future times, by the extinguish¬ ment of the Piets, it reached also unto Tweed. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 11. 107 Prognosticks. .madegood by the future event of the Experiments. 1858 W. L. Sargant Soc. lnuoz>. 27 This rhapsody will not be intelligible to those unac¬ quainted with St. Simon’s future history. B. sb. f 1 . pi. Future events. Obs. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. v. vi. 133 (Camb. MS.) It..pro- cedith fro preteritz in to futuris. Ibid. 134 It ne hath nat the futuris pat ben nat yit. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 476 Providence against all sorts of Futures that fall under our Care. 2 . The future, a. Time to come; future time. Phr. For the future : in all future time. c 1400 Rom. Rose 5015 Aforn hir she may see In the future som socour. 1601 Shaks. All's Well iv. ii. 63 That what in time proceeds, May token to the future, our past deeds. 1693 Hujii. <$• Conv. Tenon 63 All the Fury of Minor Criticks follow, .all his Opinions for the future. 1796 Cam¬ paigns 1793-4 II. viii. 52 I’ll, .teach him to take better care for the future. 1822 Hazlitt Tablc-t. I. iii. 52 The future is like a dead wall or a thick mist hiding all objects from our view. 1878 Morley Crit. Misc. Ser. 1. Carlyle 197 The industrial organization of the future. personified. 1821 Shelley Adonais i, Till the Future dares Forget the Past. b. What will happen in the future. 1607 Shaks. Timon 11. i. 157 The future comes apace. 1732 Pope Ess. Man 1. 81 Oh blindness to the future! Kindly giv’n. 1759 Johnson Rasselas xxix. (1787) 85 The future [is the object] of hope and fear. 1820 Lamb Elia, Oxf. in Vac., The mighty future is as nothing, being every¬ thing! 1866 Gladstone in Pall Mall G. 28 July (1892) 1/2 You cannot fight against the future, .time is on our side. 3 . a. A condition in time to come different (esp. in a favourable sense) from the present. 1852 H. Rogers Eel. Faith (1853) 61 Every little present has its little future for which we live. 1879 E. Arnold Lt. Asia v. 132 Making all futures fruits of all the pasts. 1891 C. James Rom. Rigmarole 86, I would soon carve out a new future for us both. b. The prospective condition (of a person, country, etc.). 1858 Lytton What 'will he do ? 11. viii, My sacrifice to Jasper's future might not have been in vain. 1863 Mary Howitt tr. F. Bremer s Greece I. viii. 263-4 bee every¬ thing which belongs to the future of Greece. 1882 Pebody Eng. Journalism xx. 152 Its future is a future which .. is likely to add fresh lustre to the Newspaper Press. 4 . Gram.—ftiture tense : see A. 2. 1881 Rutherford Ne7u Phrynichus 405 It affords the necessary authority to supply deponent futures to a group of verbs, .of which by a singular fatality no future form has been preserved. 5 . One who is affianced in marriage, one’s be¬ trothed. [After F . fttturj future.] 1827 T. Moore Mem. (1854) V. 196 Lord Charles took his pretty future to Church this morning to receive the sacrament. 0 . Comm, in pi. Goods (esp. corn, cotton and other produce) and stocks sold on an agreement for future delivery. Also, contracts to sell or buy on these terms. Also attrib., as in ftiture systetn. 1880 Daily News 10 Nov. 3/8 American futures are in better demand. 1883 Manch. Exam. 6 Nov. 4/4 Amongst the new developments of the cotton trade, the buying of futures may be looked upon as the most prominent. 1888 Times 26 June 12/1 Coffee very dull on the spot and not much done in futures. 1896 Daily News 22 Sept. 8/4 The question on the programme was that of ‘ futures ’. 1897 Westm. Gaz. 5 Jan. 9/1 The future system had created, .in New York, .an enormous market. t Fu'ture, v. Obs. [f. Future a. ; cf. med.L. futurare in the same sense.] trans. To make future, put off to a future day. Also absol. 1642 R. Harris Perm. 15 And who knows but that there¬ fore God hath futured other hopes, and frustrated other means, to the intent that he might honor this ordinance? 1646 Trapp Comm. John xii. 35 So they trifle, and by futuring, fool away their own salvation. 1647 — Matt. xxv. 11 I'rifling. .with Christ and their souls, futuring their repentance. 1650 — Gen. xx. 8 So [they] are shut out, with the foolish Virgins, for their lingring and futuring. Fu’tureless, a. [f. Future sb. + -less.] Without a future, having no future before one. 1863 All Year Round July 477/1 An animal, a brute beast, soulless and futureless. 1879 Howells L. Aroostook (1882) I. 141 The ordinary, futureless young girl. t Firturely, adv. Obs. [f. Future a. + -ly 2 .] In future, at a future time, hereafter. Also loosely, at a time later than a certain epoch, thereafter. ci6ii Chapman Iliad vi. 201 This field the Lycians futurely. .the Errant call’d. 1628 Strafford in Browning Life (1891) 203 A distinction by which I shall futurely govern my self. 1649 Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. in. xv. 78 Jesus, .foretold great sadnesses .. futurely contingent to it. 1673 Garroway in Debates Ho. ofC. (Grey) II. 213 As for Duncombe’s argument of building ships futurely, Money may be had. 1793 G. Read in Life < 5 * Corr. (1870) 547 That I may not be thought concluded from asking for an increase of allowance futurely. Firtureness. [f. Future a. + -ness.] The quality of being future. 1829 Jas. Mill Hum. Mind (1869) II. xiv. § 5. 118 You have pastness, presentness, and futureness. 1875 McCosh Scot. Philos, li. 386 Time is pastness, presentness, and futureness joined by association. Futurist (fiz 7 *tiiirist), sb. (a.) Theol. [f. Future sb. -f -1ST.] One who believes that the Scripture prophecies, esp. those in the Book of Revelation, are still to be fulfilled in the future. The sense 1 one who has regard to the future ’, given in Worcester 1846, and expanded in later Diets., is prob. a figment. 1842 G. S. Faber Prov. Lett. (1844) I. 88 note , Dr. Todd and Mr. Mac-Causland .. are alike stanch Antiprotestant Futurists. 1854 D. S. Df.sprez Apocal. Fulfilled i. 2 We have Praeterists and Futurists —one class of interpreters believing that the Apocalypse was fulfilled in the first three or four centuries of the Christian aera; another class main¬ taining that, with the exception of the three first chapters, none of it is fulfilled. 1882 Farrar Early Chr. II. 227. b. attrib. passing into adj. 1878 H. G. Guinness End of Age Pref. (1880) 5 The futurist school of prophetic interpreters. 1881 Clt. Times 25 Feb. 121 To give themselves up .. to idle futurist specu¬ lations. Futuritial (fi«tiurrjal), a. Obs.~° [f. Futurit-y + -(i)al.] Relating to what is to come; pertaining to future time or events. 1846 in Worcester (citing Hamilton); hence in mod. Diets. Futurition (fi/ 7 tiuri’Jhn). Philos, [ad. med. L. futurition-em , irreg. f. fulur-us Future. As a metaphysical term the med.L. woref is used e. g. by St. Bonaventura Opera ed. Peltier 1864 II. 65 b, in dis¬ cussions relating to God’s foreknowledge of events. A different sense, = ‘ the act of forecasting the future occurs in a letter of Bp. Jewel, 1 Aug. 1559, in Zurich Lett. ser. 1 (Parker Soc.) App. 22. The Parker Soc. translator renders Jewel’s valde deditumfuturitionibusby ‘mightily addicted to futuritions ’; but the sense is not otherwise authenticated either in Lat. or Eng.] 1 . Existence or occurrence in the future ; future existence or accomplishment. Now rare. 1641 D. Cawdrey 3 Serm. 72 In the one there shall be a succession of punishments, and so there shall be a respect of futurition or time to come. 1654 Vilvain Theorem. Theol. ii. 64 A certainty of divine Prescience touching the precise period of every mans life, as also the order or maner of its futurition. 1659 Pearson Creed (1682) 1 .115 In which words is clearly expressed the futurition of salvation certain by him. 1684-5 South Serm. (1823) I. 207 Is it imaginable, that the great means of the worlds redemption .. should hang so loose in respect of its futurition as [etc.]. 1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) I. 147 The word shall.. does not mean, to promise..in the third person, but the mere futurition of an event. 1882-3 in Schaff Encycl. Relig. Knowl. III. 2524/1 While foreknowledge may insure the certain futurition of a volition. b. quasi-tt?wcr. A future event or existence; a futurity. 1668 Shiells Naphtali Pref. 49 Let us not be anxious about futuritions. #1670 Hacket Cent. Serm. (1675)996 There is a futurition of glory for the Soul. 1684 T. Burnet Th. Earth 1. 107 Seeing thorough the possibilities and futuritions of each [world]. 1840 Blackw. Mag. XLVIII. 144 Some mere futurition, as metaphysicians love to speak, some event in futurity. 2 . The quality, attribute, or fact of being future ; the fact or circumstance that (something specified) will be. 1666 Spurstowe Spir. Chym. (1668) 79 Futurition in respect of existency of things, is no prejudice to the Eye of Faith, in the beholding of them as present. 1699 Burnet 39 Art. xvii. (1700) 153 When God decrees that anything shall be, it has from that a certain futurition. 1754 Edwards Freed . Will iv. viii. 251 The Acts and State of the Wills of moral Agents, which had a fix’d Futurition from Eternity. 1839 Blaclcw. Mag. XLV. 462 The Romans .. had .. forms expressing futurition and desire. 1847 Bushnell Chr. Nurt. vii. (1861) 166 If there is any law of futurition. Futurity (fi^tiu®*riti). [f. Future-}--ity.] 1 . The quality, state, or fact of being future; = Futurition 2. rare . 1637 Bastwick Litany 1. 11 The hope of my blessednes is not here: the futurity of which doth no way mitigate my comfort. 1660 Glanvill Seeps. Sci. viii. 74 The bare Possibilities, which never commence into a Futurity. 1864 Burton Scot Abr. II. i. 56 The comforting elements of futurity and uncertainty. 2. Future time ; the future; a future space of time. 1604 Shaks. Oth. 111. iv. 117 Nor present Sorrowes, Nor pur- os’d merit in futurity. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 60 A white pot. .which in futurity proves the Heart with its Veins and arteries. 1741 Richardson Pamela (1824) I. 159 Involved in the dark bosom of futurity. 1792 S. Rogers Pleas. Mem. 11. 58 Futurity’s blank page. 1819 Scott Leg. Montrose i, These events were still in the womb of futurity. 1841 Myers Cath. Th. iv. xxxiii. 346 The particular events and personages of a distant futurity. 1876 Mozley Univ. Serm. iii. (1877) 64 Throwing forward into the darkness of futurity an image of himself here. 3. \Vhat is future. a. What will exist or happen in the future ; future events as a whole. Also + those that will live in the future, posterity {obs. rare). 1664 Power Exp. Philos. Pref. 17 And perhaps not out of the reach of futurity to exhibit. 1713 Berkeley Guardian No. 35 ? 5 A wretch racked .. with .. a secret dread of futurity. 1738 Swift Let. 24 Aug., I will, .contrive some way to be known to futurity, that [etc.]. 1754 Sherlock Disc. (1759) I. i. 19 We must have no Share or Lot in the Glories of Futurity. 1781 Gibbon Dccl. <5* Fall III. 60 An Egyp¬ tian monk, who possessed.. the knowledge of futurity. 1884 J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) I. xxiv. 389 The caprices of fate and the uncertainty of futurity. b. pi. Future events. 1651 Biggs New Disp. F 304 In the futurities of our per¬ formances. 1694 J. Howe in H. Rogers Life x. (1863) 285 Such sad futurities God, in mercy to us, hides from us. a 1703 Burkitt On N. T. Luke xxi. 7 What an itching curiosity there is in the best of men, to know futurities. 1779 Franklin Lett. Wks. 1889 VI. 420, I must one of these days go back to see him..but futurities are uncertain, 1850 Mrs. Browning Poems II. 177 O centuries That roll, in vision, your futurities My future grave athwart, a 1859 De Quincey Posthum. Wks. (1891) I. 85 note. The reader whose scholarship is still amongst his futurities. c. State or condition in the future. Also, exist¬ ence after death. 1741 Middleton Cicero I. iii. 166 The expectation of a futurity. 1748 Hartley Observ. Man 1. iii. 355 Rules . .which teach Mankind how to secure a happy Futurity. 1775 Johnson Tax. no Tyr. in Boswell an. 1775, This futurity of Whiggism. 1836 Hor. Smith Tin Trump. (1876) 173 Futurity, .what we are to be, determined by what we have been, i860 Mill Repr. Govt. (1865) 39/1 The practical dangers to which the futurity of representa¬ tive governments will be exposed. Puturize (fizrtiursiz), v. rare. [f. Future + -ize.] intr. To form the future tense; to express the idea of futurity. 1859 J- Hadlf.y Ess. (1873) 194 But it is in the Romance languages that this mode of ‘ futurizing ’ (if we may so call it) has shown itself on the largest scale. Fuxl, -ol, -ul, obs. forms of Fowl sb. Fuyl, obs. Sc. form of Fool. 1533 Gau Richt Vay To Rdr. (1888) 3 As sum fuyl or munk maid. Fuyle, obs. form of File z /. 2 or Foil v\ c 1340 Cursor M. 882 (Trin.) She hap me fuyled wip her synne. Fuyt, var. Feute, Obs. Fuzil: see Fusil. Fuzz (£pz), sb d In sense 2 also 7 fuss. [Perh. imitative of the action of blowing away light particles. Cf., however, Fozy and the cognate words there cited.] 1. Loose volatile matter; a mass of fine, light, fluffy particles. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk Sf Sciv. 125 A Snayl..which is., to our feeling, very cold, is fain to brood its as cold sweatty eggs..bespiewing them about with the fuzze of a cold clammy froth, c 1720 Prior Pontius <$• Pontia ii. Misc. Wks. (1740) 107 One ask’d, if that high fuzz of hair Was, bona fide, all your Own. 1840 Smart, Fuzz, volatile matter. 1854 Hawthorne Eng. Note-bks. II. 319 Blankets with the woollen fuzz upon them. 1865 Miss Cary Ball, q Lyrics 61 Your hair ! why, you've only a little gray fuzz ! 1881 Sat. Rev. No. 1320. 203 The expensive valentines are gaudy chromolithographic objects, fluttering in a fuzz of paper-lace. + 2. = P'UZZ-BALL. Obs. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 7 Puffes, Fusbals or Fusses. 1656 Ridgley Pract. Physick 45 The most conservent is that Toadstool which is called a Fuss. 1701-2 De la Pryme Diary (Surtees) 249 The bottom part of a great cup mushroom or fuz. 3. Photogr. = Fuzziness. 1889 \ Anthony's Photogr. Bull. II. 370 The importance of knowing beforehand by what standard (focus or fuzz) we are to be judged. 4. Comb. : fuzz-type, a jocular name for a photo¬ graph with (intentional) blurred effect; fuzz- wig, a wig of crisp curls; so fuzz-wigged adj. 1848 Thackeray Bk. Snobs xi, A shovel-hatted fuzz- wigged Silenus. 1854 — J. Leech's Piet. (1869) 327 There was Rowlandson’s. .Doctor Syntax in a fuzz-wig. 1893 Brit. Jml. Photogr. XL. 750 However tolerable a 14X12 fuzztype (as they have been jocularly called) may be. + Fuzz, sb.% Obs. rare. [cf. Fuzz z/.3] A fuddled or muddled state. 1711 Swift Lett. (1767) III. 155, I think I’m in a fuzz, and don’t know what I say. + Fuzz, v. 1 Obs . [echoic; cf. buzz, fizz.] intr. To buzz. Hence Fu-zzing vbl. sb. 1676 T. Mace Musick's Alon. 11. iv. 57 You may discover the least Crack or Looseness of any Barr, by the shattering or Fuzzing it will make. FUZZ. 628 FYZ. Fuzz (foz), v. 2 slang. (See quot. 1754; it is I doubtful whether the later explanations represent a change of sense or a misunderstanding.) X 753 E. Moore in World No. 41 f 7 As to shuffling, fuz¬ zing, changing of seats..he was an absolute ideot. 1754 Chesterf. Ibid. No 101 F 5 ,1 was also a witness to the rise and progress of that most important verb, to fuzz ; which, I if not of legitimate birth, is at least of fair extraction.. it means no less than dealing twice together with the same pack of cards, for luck’s sake, at whist. 1755 Connoisseur No. 60 F 3 They can scarce tell what is meant by. .fuzzing the cards. 1796 Grose Diet. Vulg. Tongue (ed. 3), To Fuzz , to shuffle cards minutely; also, to change the pack. + Fuzz, vP> Obs.~ x [Perh. connected with Fuzz sb. 1 , vA through the notion of blurring or confusing.] trans. To make drunk, fuddle. 1685 Wood Life (O. H. S.) III. 152 The University troop dined with the Earl of Abendon at Ricot, and came home well fuz’d. Fuzz (faz), [f. Fuzz sb. 1 ] 1 . intr. (See quots.) Also lo fuzz out. 1702 in J. K. Diet. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), To Fuzz , to ravel or run out, as some sorts of Stuff and Silk do. 1753 Mrs. Delany Let. to Mrs. Dewes in Life <$- Corr. (1862J 258 Have you begun the shade for your toilette ? If not, I believe you must do it to wash, for the catgut m time grows very limp, and the silk fuses. 1840 Smart, Fuzz, to fly out in small particles. 1862 Miss Yonge C'tess Kate ix. (1881) 93 A flounced frock of dark silk figured with blue, that looked slightly fuzzed out. 2 . trans. To cover with fine or minute particles. 1851 S. Judd Margaret xvii, The fine grail glancing in her eyes and fuzzing her face. Hence Firzzing fpl. a. 1775 Ash, Fuzzing , flying off in small parts, fretting out in small particles. Fuzz-ball (fzrzbgl). Forms: 6-7 fus(se)bal(l, 7, 9 fuss-, 7-9 fuz-, 7- fuzz-ball. [f. Fnzz sb. 1 + Ball.] A popular name of the fungus Lycoper- don Bovista, puff-ball. 1597 Gerarde Herbal in. clxii. i386Puffes Fistes& Fusse- bals. 1598 R. Bernard tr. Terence , Adelphi n. ii, He hath made..my head as soft as a fusball with buffets. 1616 Surfl. & Markh. Country Far me 328 With a Fusse-ball, or some sharpe smoake, smoake them to death. 1648 Sanderson Serm. II. 245 As soon as touched, .[they] like a fuss-ball, resolve all into dust and smoak. 1755 Gentl. Mag. XXV. 585 The spungey internal part of the common fuz-ball. 1825 Waterton Wand. S. Amer. 1. i. 107 Tread on it, and like the fuss-ball it will break into dust. 1863 Mrs. Whitney F. Gartney's Girlhood iv. 25 Short, sandy hair standing up about the temples like a fuzz-ball. transf. and fig. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 7 The Gray or Horse-Fly. Her legs..slit at the ends into two toes, both which are lined with two white sponges or fuzballs. 1679 Dryden Troilus 11. iii, You empty fuzz-balls, your heads are full of nothing else but proclamations. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India \ P. 291 When they [Hedge Hogs] fear any harm towards them, gather themselves into a round Fuz-ball. attrib. 1648 Herrick Hesper., Oberon's Feast (1869) 126 A little fuz-ball pudding stands By. Fuzze. ? Obs. [dial.var. Fuse j/;. 2 ] (See quot.) 1802 Mawe Min. Derbysh. 204 Fuzze , straws, or hollow briars, reeds, &c., filled with powder. Fuzze-borer , an iron made red hot to bore a fuzze to hold powder. Fuzzen, obs. f. Foisin, and dial. f. Furze. Fuzzily, Fuzziness : see under Fuzzy. + Fuzzle (fo‘z’ 1 ), v. Obs . In 7 fusle. [cf. Fuzz v.%, Fuddle.] trans. To intoxicate, make drunk, confuse, muddle. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. 1. vi, If the spirits of the brain be fusled..at such a time, their children will be fusled in the brain. 1632 Sherwood, To fuzzle, enyvrer. Fuzzy (fo*zi), a. [f. Fuzz sb, 1 + -Y 1 . Cf. Fozy.] 1 . Not firm or sound in substance; spongy. Obs. exc. dial. (Cf. Fozy.) 1616 Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme iv. iv.498 If your ground be subiect to anie filthie soft mosse, or fuzzie grasse, which is both vnsauourie and vnwholesome for beasts. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 5 A fuzzy kinde of substance like little sponges. 1725 Kelly in Phil. Trans. XXXIV. 122 A fuzzy sort of Earth, that we call Moss. 1728 T. Sheridan Persius (1739) 21 As dry and fuzzy as an old Branch spread over with Spungy Cork. 1824 Craven Gloss., Fuzzy , light and spungy. 1869 in Lonsdale Gloss. 2 . Frayed into loose fibres; covered with fuzz; fluffy, downy. 1713 Steele Englishm. No. 40. 259 Their Linnen of the same Hue, and so fuzzy that it was not easy to distinguish. 1823 Moor Suffolk Words s. v., The fine ends of silk or cotton..when they appear make the article ‘wear fuzzy’. 1857 Hughes Tom Brown 1. v, Those fuzzy, dusty, padded first-class carriages, i860 All Year Round No. 46. 460 Nine pennyworth of muslin with gilt fuzzy ends. 1885 Century Mag. XXX. 808 Seen through a magnifying glass, rough or plain paper has a surface .. made up of fuzzy elevations and depressions, not unlike that of cotton cloth, but on a smaller scale. 1894 Times 9 Feb. 8/3 There are so many fuzzy politicians who have not hearts but only cotton wool in the place of them. 3 . Blurred, indistinct. 1778 Phil. Trails. LXVIII- 401 Venus appeared very dim and fuzzy. 1832 G. Downes Lett. Cont. Countries I. 30 The fuzzy glass. 1871 Daily Neivs 20 Dec. 2/4 It makes the picture more * fuzzy ’. 1884 Gd. Words Dec. 819/2 His drawing is rougher and fuzzier. 4 . Of hair: Frizzy, fluffy. a 1825 Forby Voc. E. Anglia , Fuzzy , rough and shaggy. 1856 F. E. Paget Owlet Owlst. 171 A..black man, with thick lips and fuzzy hair. 1870 Thornbury Tour Eng. II. xxi. 83 Fuzzy red wigs, stuck with jewels. 5 . Comb., as fuzzy-headed, -legged adjs.; fuzzy- ball = Fuzz-ball; fuzzy-wuzzy, a soldier’s nick¬ name for the typical Soudanese warrior, from his method of dressing his hair. c 1850 Denham Tracts (1895) II. 48 The dust of a *fuzzy ball cast in the eyes will cause blindness. 1885 Spectator 8 Aug. 1043/1 They were .. *fuzzie-headed. 1833 T. Hook Widow <$• Marquess xii, A couple of *fuzzy-legged hens. 1892 R. Kipling Barrack-r. Ballads 10 So 'ere’s to you, *Fuzzy-Wuzzy, at your ’ome in the Soudan. Hence Firzzily adv., Firzziness. Also Fu’zzy- ism [-ism], Photogr., the studied production of * fuzzy* pictures. 1613 Markham Eng. Husbandman H ij, A little paire of round wheeles, which..doth so certainly guide the Plough ..that it can neither, .drownd through the easie lightnesse of the earth, nor runne too shallow through the fussinesse of the mould. 1866 Athenseum No. 2042. 801/1 A certain ‘fuzziness’, as artists say, appears in many examples. 1867 Miss Broughton Not Wisely (1869) 10 They [locks of hair] . .thence went off crisply, fuzzily, in a most unaffected wave. 1874 M. Collins Transmigr. II. xiv. 221 Her hair was a bunch of fuzziness. 1886 Century Mag. XXXI. 477 Tomentose appearance of stem or fuzziness of stem. 1894 Brit. Jrnl. Photogr. XLI. Supp. 5 A prelude to a descent into Fuzzyism. Fwde, obs. Sc. form of Food. try, ». Obs. [aphetic form of Defy z;. 2 ] trans. To digest. 13 .. Knowe pi self 65 in E. E. P. (1862) 131 pi flesche foode he wormes wol fye. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 159/2 Fyin, or defyin mete and drynke.. digero. Fy, obs. form of Fie. Fy- : see also Fi-. -fy (fai), suffix, forming verbs. The older Eng. vbs. in -fy are adoptions of Fr. vbs. in -fier, which are either adapted from Lat. vbs. in -ficare or formed on the analogy of vbs. so originating. (The form -fier was used as the representative of L. ficare on the analogy of words like saintefier •.—sanctificare.) The Lat. vbs. in -ficare were originally derivatives of adjs. in fic-us (see -eio), though subsequently the suffix could be used to form vbs. without the intervention of an adj. They may be divided into three classes (corresponding to three classes of adjectives in ficus : see -Fic), all of which are represented by adapted words in Eng.: (i) vbs. f. sbs., with the sense * to make, produce ’, as Paci¬ fiCare (orig. iiltr. to make peace) pacify, xdijicdre edify, or ‘ to make or convert into something ’, as deifiedre deify; (2) f. adjs., with the sense ‘ to bring into a certain state’, as sanctificdre sanctify; (3) f. vb.-stems, with causative sense, as horrfiedre horrify. In med.L. there was a tendency to sub¬ stitute ficare for -fasere in the few Lat. vbs. so end¬ ing, and hence Fr. and Eng. vbs. in fier, -fy some¬ times correspond to Lat. vbs. in -facere ; e.g. F. stuffier (but in pa. pple. stupefait as well as stupi- fif) stupefy, OF. satisfier (but mod.F. satisfaire ) satisfy, F. liqufierliquefy , F . rub fier rubefy, med.L. ealeficare calefy. Exc. in the case of these few vbs. theending has normally the form -ify (for thereason see -fic). It is now used as the regular rendering of ficare in new words adopted from Lat. or formed on assumable Lat. types, and is also freely added to Eng. adjs. and sbs. to form vbs., mostly somewhat jocular or trivial, with the senses: ‘ to make aspecified thing’, as speechify, ‘ toassimilate to thecharacter of something ’ (chiefly in pa. pple., as countrified '); ‘ to invest with certain attributes’, as Frenchify. (A large proportion of these vbs. are from sbs. and adjs. ending in -y or -ey, the suffix then having the form -fy instead of the usual -ify. An early ex¬ ample is beautify , but the analogy on which this word was formed is not clear.) In a few cases the suffix has been quite irregularly added to vb. stems, but the words are either obsolete, as dedify, hindrify, ornify , or merely jocular or illiterate, as argufy. The noun of action related to vbs. in -ify formally ends in -ification, though, by confusion of suffix, petrifaction is used in Eng. where Fr. has more correctly purification. The words in which -fy represents L. -faccre have their corresponding nouns of action ending in -faction. The following examples illustrate the freedom with which this suffix has been used in the forma¬ tion of nonce-words. 1602 Dekker Satiromastix Liva, Nay by Sesu you shall bee a Poet, though not Lawrefyed, yet Nettlefyed so. 1647 Trapp Comm. Ephes. iv. 15 But speaking the truth .. Doing the truth. .Truthifying. 1775 S. J. Pratt Liberal Opin. (1783) II. 260 Not that I would have you suppose I am bigotted to frippery, even though you now see me so apefied. 1790 A. Seward Lett. (1811) II. 381 Though fashion has now bullified us all. 1834 Southey Doctor II. Inter-ch. vi. 119 Either of these misfortunes would have emasculated his mind, unipsefying arid unegofying the Ipsissimns Ego. 1844 Haliburton Sam Slick in Eng r . I. viii. 135 He might have knowed how to feel for other folks, and not funkify them so peskily. 1872 [Earl Pembroke & G. H. Kingsley] S. Sea Bubbles viii. 206 The boom of the pigeon is wondrous pleasant and drowsyfying. Fyall, var. Filiole i, Obs. Fyar, obs. form of Fire. Fyble, -bull, obs. forms of Feeble. Fych(e, obs. form of Fish, Fitch sb . 2 Fyeiscien, obs. form of Physician. Fye, obs. form of Fay v. 1 , Fie. Fyell, var. Filiole 1 , Obs. Fyen, -ene, obs. forms of Fay v. 2 , Fain. Fyers(e, Fyest, obs. ff. Fierce, Fist sb . 2 Tying, vbl. sb. [f. Fie v. +-ing L] The action ol saying Fie ! 1662 Rump Songs (1874) II. 63 Which put pretty Maids to pishing and fying. Fyke (faik). U.S. [a. Du .fuiki] A bag-net used for catching fish, esp. shad. i860 Bartlett Diet. Amer.,Fyke, .the large bow-nets in New York harbor, used for catching shad, are called shad- fykes. b. Comb., as fyke-net ; also fyke-fisherman, one who fishes with a fyke {Cent. Diet.). 1891 W. K. Brooks Oyster 181 The shores..are now so lined by fyke nets .. that the number of shad which reach the spawning grounds at all is proportionally much less than it was in 1880. Fyld(e, Fylet(te, obs. forms of Field, Fillet. Fylfot (frlfpt). [The sole authority on which this word has been accepted by modem antiquaries as the name of the mark in question is the passage from the Lansdowne MS. quoted below. The con¬ text in which the word there occurs seems to favour the supposition that it is simply fill-foot, meaning a pattern or device for ‘ filling the foot ’ of a painted window. There is nothing to show whether the word denoted specifically this device as dis¬ tinguished from others used for the same purpose, and it is even possible that it may have been a mere nonce-word.] A name for the figure called also a cross cramponnee (see Crahponnee), and identi¬ cal with the Swastika of India, the gammadion of Byzantine ecclesiastical ornament; it has been extensively used as a decoration (often, apparently, as a mystical symbol) in almost all known parts of the world from prehistoric times to the present day. Also fylfot cross. a 1500 Instruct. Memorial Wind, in MS. Lansdosone 874 If. 190 Let me stand in the medyll pane .. a rolle abo[ve my hede] in the hyest.. [pane] vpward, the fylfot in the nedermast pane vnder ther I knele. [The words defaced or torn off are supplied conjecturally. In the sketch, below the effigy of the writer, is a ‘ fylfot ’ composed of broad fillets, with tricking app. intended for ‘ermine’.] 1842 J. G. Waller Brasses, Priest & Franklin, This device is denominated ‘ the fylfot ’ on the authority of some ancient directions for the execution of two figures in painted glass .. preserved in Lansdowne MS. 874. 1852 Planch£ Pur- suiv. Arms 135 The Fylfot is a mystic figure, called in the Greek Church, Gammadion. It is very early seen in Heraldry. 1861 Haines Mon. Brasses p. cix, The Fylfot, a kind of cross potent rebated, or cross cramponee. 1868 Baring-Gould Curious Myths Ser. it. iii. 89 Bells were often marked with the * fylfot ’, or cross of Thorr. 1887 Athenxum 20 Aug. 249/2 It comprises a fylfot cross set with studs. Fym(e)rel, -elle, obs. forms of Femerell. Fymterre, obs. form of Fumitory. Fynd(e, Fyne, obs. ff. Fiend, Find v., Fain. Fynerall, obs. form of Funeral. Fynt, obs. form of Fiend. Fyrble, obs. form of Fimble sb . 1 Fyrd (ffiid, fiord). Hist. [OIL. fyrd: see Feed.] The military array of the whole country before the Conquest; also, the obligation to military service. 1832 J. Bree St. Herbert's Isle 99 ‘ The .. fyrd 1 ’ cried Edwal, ‘raise the fyrd.' 1839 Keightley Hist. Eng. I. 83 A threefold obligation lay on all the holders of land in the Kingdom. This consisted of the Bricgbote, Burhbote, and Fyrd. 1861 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xviii. 147 When the king summoned his fyrd to his standard. 1895 Meiklejohn Hist. Eng. I. 105 In 1181 a regulation called the Assize of Arms was issued for the Fyrd or National Militia. Fyre, obs. form of Fir, Fire. Fyrette, obs. form of Ferret sb . 1 Fyrmentie, -mete: see Frumenty, Firmity 2 . Fyrrys, fyrs, obs. forms of Furze. Fyrst, var. Frist, and obs. form of First. Fyry, -ie, -e, obs. forms of Fiery. Fysegge, Fysel(l, obs. ff. Visage, Fizzle v . 1 Fysnomye, obs. form of Physiognomy. Fysoun, Fysyke, obs. ff. Foison, Physic. Fytch, obs. form of Fitch sb . 1 = Vetch. Fythal, -el(e, -il, -ylle, obs. ff. Fiddle. Fytlo(c)k, obs. form of Fetlock. Fyton, var. Fitten, Obs., untruth. Fytte: see Fit sb . 1 Obs. Fyver(e, obs. form of Fever. Fyxyll, var. Thixell, Obs., pole of a wagon. 1411 Nottingham Rec. II. 86, j. fyxyll ij d. Fyz, obs. form of Fitz.