lif miiHT an ■ H HI ■ 1 ■I lis H 11 Hi - HI m 1 ill HSjflffi 3i$l Hi ■ R1b31 ■Mb 81 MmrM HffiNHl H£I«HH ■nog H ffinml 188 ■H H HI ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 3 3051 00005 441 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/inventoryoflakem121holm 1 121 5 If. 6S ■■ £ 10 microrn.) Ochromonas, which fed only on particles about one half to roughly equal its own length. A smaller species readily ingested Xenorhabdas, a freshwater biol urn in escen t bacterium, comparable in size to many c yanob ac ter ia , at a rate sufficient to clear the water column on a daily basis. LIBRARY FEB l 5 1988 ILL STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 43 BOWERS, J. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Great Lakes Research Division IMPROVED POPULATION ESTIMATES LAKE MICHIGAN OF MYSIS RELICTA IN Star ting date : Completion date: Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: National 1985 1987 Science Foundation AREA: Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : biology, Cladocera, zooplankton, populations, Mysis, vertical migration, invertebrates, prey, pr eda t ion DESCRIPTION: Volumetric population estimates of mysid shrimp in Lake Michigan yielded predator-prey ratios not possible with conventional net or sled tows. Vertical migration permits Cladoceran prey to escape mysid predators durinj the summer months. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 934-CONTINUI NG Ref . no . 44 BOWERS, J. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Great Lakes Research Division PHOSPHORUS RELEASE BY ZCOPLANKTON Starting date : Completion date: Project no: Sponsor: NOAA/GLERL 1982 Continuing AREA: Lake Michigan; Laboratory KEYWORDS: biology, zooplankton, nutrients, chemistry, phosphorus, regeneration, temperature, Rotifera, diet, Copepoda, foraging rates, inorganics, zooplankton grazing DESCRIPTION: This study correlated the phosphorus regeneration rates of a predatory copepod and two pelagic rotifers to their foraging rates and temperature. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 45 B OW LB Y , J . R . Ontario - Ontario Hydro, Toronto REDETERMINATION OF GLAC 10 -ISOSTAT IC UPLIFT AND DIFFERENTIAL TILTING OF THE LAURENTIAN GREAT LAKES BASIN Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Sponsor Not Known AREA: Great Lakes Basin KEYWORDS: geology, glacial, historical, model DESCRIPTION: A new reg been developed deformations r For ex am pi e , t Ontario outlet be about 120 m mod el , upli ft northeastern o amplitude are basin s . An al y that the tilti Ho r i zo nta from this anal pa tter n ex hib i stress orienta focal solution the ba sin . ional model of aggregate uplift has through a cumulative analysis of ecorded in adjacent lake basins, he differential uplift of the Lake sill has formerly been expressed to When fitted to the regional aggregate is determined to be about 175 m at this utlet. Similar variances in uplift determined for the other lake sis of lake gauge records indicates ng is continuing, albeit at reduced rates. 1 crustal stress trajectories are inferred ysis of post-glacial deformation. This ts correlations with measured rock tions, observed structures and earthquake s derived from the area in and around LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no 46 BOYER, L. F. ; SHEN, E. F. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Center for Great Lakes Studies; Texas - ARCO, Dallas A SEDIMENT -PROFILE HARBOR, WISCONSIN CAMERA STUDY OF MILWAUKEE Starting date: 6/1984 Completion date: 6/1985 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Graduate School Re search AREA: Milwaukee Harbor; Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: geology, sediments, photography, sediment-water interface, sediment cores, biology, ol igoc hae te s , oxygen, mapping, redox, invertebrates, benthic DESCRIPTION: Obj ec t ive : 77 sediment-profile photographs were taken at 28 stations in Milwaukee Harbor, WI, in order to remotely map the sedimentary characteristics and the benthonic community of the harbor, and to compare these results with core sampling. The photographs were examined in detail and analyzed with computer image analysis techniques. Each photo was examined for: (1) depth of camera penetration, (2) sediment surface relief, (3) area of gas voids, (4) area and depth of oxidized sediment, and (5) abundance of oligochaete worm tubes. Resul ts : The depth of the Redox Potential Discontinuity ( R PD ) increased away from the harbor channel and ranged from 0.25 cm to a maximum of 4.97 cm in the southern harbor. Boundary roughness ranged from a maximum of 3.94 cm near the southern breakwall to 0.22 cm in the central harbor. Three other parameters decreased with distance from the harbor channel: (1) areal % of gas voids within the sediment ranged from 13. 1% near Jones Island to zero in the extreme northern and southern harbor, (2) depth of camera penetration — full penetration occurred in the river channel to <5 cm in the northwestern and southwestern harbor, (3) the abundance of worms ranged from >100,000 tubes/squared meter in the central harbor, to <10,000 tubes/ squared meter along the edge of the southern harbor . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 98 4 -C ONT I N U I NG Ref. no. 330 BRADEN, J. ; HERRICKS, E. Illinois - University of Illinois, Champa ign-Urbana Dept. of Agricultural Economics; Illinois - University of Illinois, Champaign-Urb an a Dept. of Civil Engineering EFFICIENT PROTECTION OF FISH HABITAT IN GREAT LAKES TRIBUTARIES FROM AGRICULTURAL POLLUTANTS Starting date: 5/01/1987 Completion date: 4/30/1989 Project no: R/F-8 Sponsor: Illinois/Indiana Sea Grant Program AREA: Lake Michigan; St. Joseph River KEYWORDS: model, tributaries, river, runoff, loading, pesticides, fish, habitat, salmon, pollutants, organics, economics, management, sediments, nonpoint source, toxics DESCRIPTIO Ob j ec t i v 1 . De se tr 2. Sh se St Met hodol De v elo cho ic e mod el assess of thi econom use of of the used , Rat ion al Pollut tr ibut i n the pr ior i pollut pi ann i this v N: es : velop an lected a ibut ar ie o w ho w t lected m . Joseph ogy : p and co s among and , ul t merit mod s mod el ic s , and this fr St . Jos and migr e : ants fro ar ies , a reg ion . t y areas ion haza ng effor o id . analytical framework for id gricultural pollutants in Gr s , and he framework can be used to igratory sportfishing specie River Basin in Indiana and mputerize a framework that 1 farming practices to a pollu imately, to an environmental el for migratory fish. The will be direct endogenous at the link to aquatic hazards amework in applications to s eph River, based on crops gr atory fish species found in m cropland are pervasive in nd are major impediments to Lack of capacity to identi for cost-effective reductio rds is a key limitation of c ts. The proposed framework en t i f ying eat Lakes protec t s in the Michigan . inks economic t an t delivery ha zard key f eatur es tention to Illustrated ever al r eache s own , pe st ic ides that Basi n . Great Lakes sport f i sher ies fy open-quotation ns in agricultural ur r ent pol icy and will help fill LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI NG Ref. no. 47 BRAZO, D.C. Indiana - Dept. of Natural Resources, Michigan City Division of Fish and Wildlife STATUS OF LAKE TROUT IN SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 5/1985 Completion date: 4/1986 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Indiana Dept. of Natural Resources AREA: Lake Michigan; Indiana waters KEYWORDS: biology, fish, lake trout, rehabilitation, growth, sea lamprey, sea lamprey wounding, reefs, management, diet, rainbow smelt, alewife, bloater chub, yellow perch DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : 1. To determine the co trout population in In 2. To provide the U.S. with current informati tation and sea lamprey in southern Lake Michi State Board of Health contaminant analysis, potential of an offsho stocking . Resul ts : Some 572 lake trout were co samples in August. Catch pe to 72 fish and was highes water. Of these, 473 fish w clips and length data. Age comprised 66. 7% of the catc 0.74 inches larger for all from VI-X. Sex ratios were but after age VII, sex rati Diets of 491 lake trout wer smelt and alewives were num with yellow perch and bloat nents. Lamprey wound rates lake trout from the Indiana Suitable substrate and seve lake trout were observed in gill net lifts at an offsho ndition (status) of the lake diana waters of Lake Michigan, Fish and Wildlife Service on about lake trout rehabili- wounding rates on lake trout gan, 3. To provide Indiana with lake trout samples for and 4. To evaluate the re reef for lake trout llected in r effort ra t in 45-60 ere aged us V, VI, and h. Growth r ages of lak 1.2:1 in fa os were nea e examined, erically mo ers as seco were low (0 waters of ral juvenil scuba oper re site. 20 gill net nged from feet of ing fin VII fish ates were e trout vor of male s rl y equal . Rainbow st important ndary compo- .*%) in Lake Michigan e and adult ations and LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI NG Conclu Lake con t ( unc high f err Ind e temp r ate d eel 1 im i 1985 and V wh t ho s v ar i are (<23 larg on a fall in N sions : trout inue to 1 ipped ) ly corr ed temp ed no 1 er atur e s of fi ining , t restr . Male netted ile fem e ages . ed than most im .7 inch er fish n offsh f ing er ov ember popul flou were el ate er atu a ke t s gre sh ag po ss i ic tio lake mal es ales The ot he porta es) . than ore r 1 ing , 198 atio r i sh obs d to re s rout ater e IV bly ns . trou wer show diet r sa n t e Alew sma eef lake 5. ns in thou erv ed wa te eemed were than , VII as a Growt t mat e 80- ed le of 1 lmon i spec i ives 11 fi were trou southe gh no n . Distr r tempe to be captur 51 . 8 d , and V result h rates ure ear 90% mat ss than ake tro ds and ally to are mor sh . Res encour a t were rn Lake Mi ative fish ibution is rature and 46. 4-50. ed in wate egrees F. Ill appear of daily c also deel lier than ure at age 50% matur ut remains rainbow sm smaller 1 e importan ults from ging and 1 stocked by c hig an pr e- degrees F. r Mortal ity to be a tc h ined in female s s IV and ity at more elt ake trout t to sampl ing 15,000 the USFWS See Brazo, D.C. (ref. no. 48) for description of continuing studies on fisheries in Lake Michigan. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 48 BRAZO, D.C. Indiana - Dept. of Natural Resources, Michigan City Division of Fisheries and Wildlife LAKE TR UT EVALUATION POPULATIONS ASSESSMENT AND SPAWNING REEF Starting date: 5/1987 Completion date: 4/1988 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Indiana Dept. of Natural Resources AREA: Indiana waters of Lake Michigan; Kintzele (Black) Ditch west of Michigan City, Indiana KEYWORDS: biology, fish, lake trout, management, rehabilitation, spawning, reefs, nursery area, sea lamprey DESCRIPTION: Obj ec t ives : 1. To determine the lake trout populatio Michigan, 2. To prov Wildlife Service wit lake trout rehabilit rates on lake trout 3. To collect baseli lake trout at a pote and nursery area for Me thod ology : Sampling will be con the base located at A minimum of 500 fis collected from each weight, sex, state o contents, sea lampre levels. In addition the potential of an spawn ing reef . condition (status) of the n in Indiana waters of Lake ide the U.S. Fish and h current information about ation and sea lamprey wounding in southern Lake Michigan, and ne data on adult and juvenile ntial offshore spawning reef lake trout . ducted along a transect with Kintzele (Black) Ditch, h will be collected. Data fish will include length, f maturity, fin clips, stomach y wounding, and contaminant nets will be set to determine offshore area as a lake trout LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref. no 49 BRECK, J.E. Tennessee - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge Environmental Sciences Division MODELS FOR THE BEHAVIOR AND FATE OF LONG-LIVED CONTAMINANTS IN THE UPPER TROPHIC LEVELS OF THE GREAT LAKES Starting date: 9/15/1982 Completion date: 1985 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: NOAA/GLERL AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: biology, model, behavior, fate, contaminants, toxics, b io en erg etic s , PCBs , dieldrin, fish, alewife, salmonid, growth, b ioaccumula t ion , uptake, food chain, benthic, invertebrates, Pontoporeia, Amphipoda, brown trout, rainbow trout, chemistry DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v e : The purpose of this project is to develop the capability to estimate the concentrations of contaminants, such as PCBs and dieldrin, in Great Lakes fishes, such as the salmonids and their primary forage, the alewife. The strategy is to adapt previously developed b ioen erge t ic s models of fish growth to estimate contaminant uptake and elimination and to analyze the adequacy of the resulting bio accumul atio n model. Of special interest is the comparison of the relative contributions of direct uptake from water, pelagic food-chain pathways, and benthic food-chain pathways. Results : The simulated PCB concentrations were within the range of the observed PCB concentrations in Lake Michigan alewives (approximately 1-5 microg/g). The simulations indicate that PCB uptake through the food chain accounts for more than 80 J of the total PCBs accumulated by alewives, with the remainder coming directly from the water. More than half of the total PCBs in alewives is estimated to come from the bottom-dwelling invertebrate Pontoporeia hoyi. A growth model was also applied to data from laboratory experiments on rainbow and brown trout. The model's predictions were all within a factor of 4 (most within a factor of 2) of the average measured chemical concentration of the fish. These simulations account for biological, LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 98 4 -C ONT IN UI N G environmental, and contaminant-specific differences between exposures, and so give estimates that are much closer to the measured values than several estimates from a much simpler model based on a fixed ratio to the chemical concentration in wa ter . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UIN G Ref. no. 50 BRIGHAM, L.W. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Green Bay SEASONAL ICE COVER AND WINTER CONDITION OF GREEN BAY, LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 1980 Completion date: 12/1986 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: University of Wisconsin-Green Bay AREA: Green Bay; Lake Michigan; Fox River KEYWORDS: physical, ice, weather, satellite, LANDSAT, bathymetry, river, meteorology, hydrology, flow, management, model, remote sensing, winter, historical, water use DESCRIPTION: This project was conducted as part of ma by L.W. Brigham at UWGB. Present address now Office of Operation (G-0) US Coast Guard Headquarters 21 00 Second St . , S.W . Washington, D. C. 20593 Ob j ec tiv es : (1) To develop Green Bay Ice Atlas; (2) To physical processes, spatial patterns, ice c (3) To study major factors influencing ice develop ice cover forecasts for mild/severe (5) To review winter waterway management st Results : Historical ice charts, as well as N0AA and imagery, have been used to establish the ch cover on Green Bay, Lake Michigan for 1972- pl ac ed on the December to April seasonal ic interannual variations observed during the Correlations with local freezing degree day and the variability in the extent and stabi documented. A grid model developed from the base shows the general ice coverage for sev mild winters. Several proposed factors app significant influences on the cover and its windfield, Fox River inflow, river water in western intrusions through the northern pas bathymetry. Comparisons of the general fea show a dynamic northern region heavily infl movement and meteorological conditions. Th st er ' s thesis is : in fer over variability; cov er ; (4 ) To / no rm al win ters ; r ateg ies . LANDSAT satellite aracteristic ice 84. Emphasis is e cycl e and the st ud y per iod . to tal s are mad e , 1 ity of the cov er ic e c har t data ere, av er ag e and ear to be c ycle : t he winter put along the sages and ture s of the c ycl e uenced by water mass e central Bay cover LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING is stable and can be the last ice to deteriorate each spring The ice cover over the shallow waters of the lower Bay is affected primarily by river water influx. This seasonal ice cycle has obvious impacts on the multiple uses of Green Bay during winter. Waterway management considerations and the implications of competing uses of the Bay's ice cover are r ev ie wed . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no 51 BROOKE, L.T. ; MCCAULEY, D. J.; BALCER, M. D. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Superior Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS AFFECTING WALLEYE OVA SURVIVAL IN THE LOWER FOX RIVER Starting date: 7/01/1984 Completion date: 6/30/1986 Project no: CR-81 1 723-02 -0 Sponsor: U.S. EPA - Duluth AREA: Green Bay; Fox River; Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : biology, chemistry, fish, walleye, larval fish, survival, mortality, predation, toxics, organics, sediment-water interface, water quality, eggs DESCRIPTION: Obj ec t ives : (1) To determine a suitable in situ walleye ova incubat the effect of substrate on identify any differences in female differences. Re sul ts : This study was designed to as a cause of recruitment f for in situ ova incubation, water sampling, and chemica delineate mortality caused growths of fungus, and egg in survival were evident wh were compared to test their incubators. Water quality was also noticeably differe channel water column. method for ion; (2) To determine ova survival; (3) To ova survival due to investigate ova mortality ailure. Described methods ova sampling, microstrata 1 analyses were modified to by reduced water quality, predation. Notable differences en five ova incubation methods usefulness as walleye ova at the sediment/water interface nt from that in the river LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no 52 BROOKS, A. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Center for Great Lakes Studies THE INFLUENCE OF MYSIS RELICTA ON FISH IN LAKE MICHIGAN PRODUCTION Starting date: 9/01/1982 Completion date: 8/31/1984 Project no: R/LR-25 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin AREA: Laboratory Sea Grant Institute KE YW OR DS : biology, invertebrates, zooplankton, food chain, larval fish, diet, prey, Mysis , competition, fish growth, chub DESCRIPTION: This study examined the importance of Mysis relicta in the food web in Lake Michigan. It focused on the questions of: (1) How much do Mysis compete with larval fish for food; (2) do Mysis prey on larval fish, and if so, which species; (3) to what extent do Mysis affect the size of food particles available for smaller zooplankton; (4) how big a factor are Mysis in the diet of the fish that prey on it. Such information will increase man's ability to predict fish growth and standing stocks through a better understanding of how the lake's food web wor ks . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 53 BROOKS, A. ; EDGINGTON, D. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Center for Great Lakes Studies ALGAL PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS AT GREAT LAKES WATER INTAKES Starting date: 9/1985 Completion date: 12/1987 Proj ect no : R005880-01 Sponsor: U.S. EPA - Great Lakes National Program Office AREA: Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : chemistry, biology, water quality, ph yto pi ankto n , botany, primary production, monitoring, nutrients, inorganics, phosphorus DESCRIPTION: Research to determine if municipal and industrial water intakes can be used to monitor the structure and function of primary producers in the Great Lakes, and if parameters derived from measurements of primary production are appropriate measures of long-term monitoring of ecosystem function. The study compares data from shore-side intake water with lake-side intake water and with open Lake Mic hig an wa ter . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 5M BROWN, E. ; HATCH, R.W. Michigan - National Fisheries Center - Great Lakes, Ann Arbor DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR GREAT LAKES FISHERY RESOURCES Starting date: 1 980 Completion date: Continuing Project no: Sponsor: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Erie; Lake Huron KE YW OR DS : management, biology, fish, yellow perch, historical, stocking, walleye, whitefish, chub, populations, commercial fishing DESCRIPTION: Certain fishery resources presently greatly depressed (e. Erie and Ontario; whitefish in process of recovery (e.g., chub and Huron; lake herring in west thriving at high levels of prod in western Lake Erie; whitefish This work unit provides for par synthesis and analysis of recen records, in order to assist sta international resource agencies fishery management strategies, catches. Current efforts focus yellow perch in Lakes Michigan preyfish in Lakes Michigan and in the Great Lakes are g., yellow perch in Lakes Lake Ontario), in the s in Lakes Michigan ern Lake Superior), or uctivity (e.g., walleye in the upper Great Lakes), ticipation in coordinated t/current data and historical te , tribal, provincal, and in developing and evaluating including total allowable on walleye in Lake Erie, and Erie, and chubs and Huron . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no . 55 BURTON, T. Michigan - Michigan State University, East Lansing Dept. of Zoology and De pt . of Fisheries and Wildlife NUTRIENT CYCLING AND HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES IN GREAT LAKES COASTAL MARSHES Starting date : 1 980 Completion date: 1985 Proj ec t no : R/ CW-0 5 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Michigan; Pentwater Marsh; Eastern shore of Lake Mic hig an KEYWORDS: wetlands, biology, chemistry, botany, nutrients, hydrology, energy flow, water quality, river, inorganics, lake levels, nitrogen, phosphorus, macrophytes, cycling, vegetation, aerial photography, water budget DESCRIPTION: Compl ete water , the marsh were calcu Vegetation sampling and release by v ar io assimilation of this effects of Lake Mich and nutrient cycling communities, nutrien structure which occu The changes in commu analysis of aerial p Ph.D. dissertation b University in 1985. n i trog en , lated from enabled com us emergent into the o igan lake 1 were recon t b udgets , red as a re n ity str uc t ho tographs . y J . C . Ke 1 1 and phosphorus budgets for input-output data from 1982-85 parison of nutrient uptake plant communities and verall marsh budget. The evels on community structure structed using data on plant and changes in plant community suit of water level changes, ure were determined from This project led to the ey from Michigan State LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI NG Ref. no. 56 BUSCH, W.D. N. ; SLY, P.G. New York - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cortland; Ontario - Canadian Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington CLASSIFICATION AND INVENTORY OF GREAT LAKES AQUATIC HABITATS Starting date: 1/1987 Completion date: 2/1988 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Great Lakes Fishery Commission; International Joint Commission; other state, federal, and provincial support AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Erie; Lake Ontario; Lake Superior; Lake Huron KEYWORDS: biology, fish, lake trout, habitat, walleye, model, salmonid DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec tives : (1) To identify habitat requirements of biological resources (key species - lake trout, walleye). (2) To identify physical, chemical, and biological parameters which can be used as surrogates in identification of habitat types. (3) To develop a biologically correct habitat classification system. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no . 5 7 CARPENTER, S. Indiana - University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Biol ogy Dept . EXAMINATION OF ALGAL PIGMENT DEGRADATION PRODUCTS Starting date: 1 /1 /1 984 Completion date: 1985 Project no: Sponsor: National Science Foundation AREA: Lake Michigan; Benton Harbor; small Michigan lakes KEYWORDS: biology, chemistry, pal eol im nol og y , pigments, chlorophyll, chromatography, historical, botany, sediment cores, ph yto pi an kto n DESCRIPTION: LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref . no . 58 CARRICK, H. , JR. ; LOWE, R. Ohio - Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green Biological Sciences De pt . NUTRIENT MANIPULATION OF LAKE MICHIGAN BENTHIC ALGAE Starting date: 7/15/1984 Completion date: 8/6/1985 Project no: Sponsor: University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS); Bowling Green State University - Graduate College ( BGSU) AREA: Lake Michigan - off east shore of Harbor Pt . , Michigan, in Little Traverse Bay KEYWORDS: biology, nutrients, benthic algae, sediments, inorganics, chlorophyll, ph yto pi an kton , growth, chemistry, botany, silica, nitrogen, phosphorus, green algae, diatoms, Stig eocl onium , Schizothrix, blue-green algae DESCRIPTION: The response of Lake Michigan benthic algal commun to nutrient enrichment was determined using nutrient-re substrates (NRS). Treatments consisted of Si, N+P, SI + controls (CONT). NRS were placed in Little Traverse Ba Lake Michigan at a depth of 10 m and were sampled after and 31 days of exposure. Algal accumulation estimated chlorophyll-a was greater on NP and Si N P than on CONT a on all three sampling dates (F = 14028, P<0.0001). Ratio particulate silica concentration to chlorophyll-a decre through time (F=83.82, P<0.0001) and were greater on CO relative to NP and SiNP (F=9.64, P<0.0001). Communitie and Si were composed mainly of diatoms throughout the e whereas communities on NRS enriched with both N and P s from a diatom dominated flora to one composed primarily green alga St igeocl onium tenue and the blue-green alga calcicola after 14 days. A similar shift from a diatom green and blue-green dominated community has been obser upper Great Lakes ph yto pi an kto n following NP enrichment suggests that both communities may be structured by com nutrient processes. Additional work has shown that nutrient enrichment the biovolume of a small subset of benthic species. Re statistical analysis categorize these species into five groups. These finding suggest that groups of species m similar nutritional requirements and respond to nutrien perturbations in a similar fashion. itie s lea si ng N+P, and y » 7, 14, by nd Si s of ased NT and Si s on CONT x per im en t , hif ted of the Sc hi zo thr i to a v ed f o r This par able enhanc ed suits from major ay have t LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 59 CHEN, K. ; DONAHUE, M. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Urban, Technological, and Environmental Planning INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR GREAT LAKES MANAGEMENT PAST PRACTICES AND FUTURE ALTERNATIVES Starting date: 1/01/1984 Completion date: 1/31/1986 Proj ect no : R/RP-02 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Great Lakes KE YW OR DS : policy, management, economics, review, in st i tut io ns DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec tiv es : The principal goal of the study is to assist decisionmakers in their ongoing efforts to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of Great Lakes management. Objectives associated with this goal include: 1) the systematic review of selected regional resource manage- ment institutions and institutional arrange- ments (in the Great Lakes and other regions); 2) the identification of specific institutional characteristics (e.g., membership, geographic jurisdiction, authority) with potential applicability to present and emerging Great Lakes management needs; and 3) based upon this information, the development of alter- natives for the revision of existing Great Lakes institutional arrangements and/or the design of new ones. Methodology : Examine the underlying theory of regionalism as it applies to resource management; describe the evolution of Great Lakes management efforts, including significant historical actions and events and present institutional arrangements; identify specific institutional c hare teri sties with potential applicability to present and emerging Great Lakes management needs; examine present and emerging Great Lakes management institutions in light of these "desired" characteristics; and use the resultant infor- mation to develop alternatives for the LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G revision of existing institutional arrangements and/or the design of new ones. Ra t ion ale : The institutional network for Great Lakes management is a highly dynamic one — constantly changing to address new issues and evolving state, federal and international policies. In recent years, the adequacy of existing institutional arrangements in addressing problems has been questioned by many, including Great Lakes Govenors (resolution of June 10, 1982). This project is designed to address these concerns by providing an historical perspective on the matter, developing and synthesizing information, and pro- posing ideas for revising and/or designing alter- nate institutional arrangements. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no 60 CHRIST^NSEN, B. ; SUTHERLAND, D. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Veterinary Science FISH PARASITE COMMUNITIES AS INDICATORS OF PREDATOR PREY RELATIONSHIPS IN LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 9/01/1984 Completion date: 8/31/1986 Project no: R/LR-27 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Superior Sea Grant Institute KE YW OR DS : biology, salmonid, lake trout, alewife, smelt, populations, predation, diet, parasites, fish, coho salmon, chinook salmon, forage fish DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : To (1) analyze parasite community structure of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior fish predators (i.e., coho salmon and chinook salmon, lake trout) and their forage fish especially alewife and rainbow smelt, to identify parasites that can serve as biological tags to indicate shifts in salmonid diet; (2) examine recruitment of parasite communities by Lake Michigan's exotic fish species to see if the artificial nature of the system can result in unusual magnification of parasites that might reduce salmonid growth and/or reproduction. Method ology : Obtain intestinal tracts, gills, and swimming bladders of salmonids in conjunction with the salmonid diet survey of Kitchell and prey species from DNR Chub Assessment Studies; analyze host-parasite data at UW-Madison computing service facilities. Ra tio nal e : To provide a variable auxiliary to food stomach analysis for monitoring Lake Michigan salmonid food consumption and increased diversity of diet as seen by Stewart et al.(1981). While stomach analyses indicate prey eaten just prior to fish capture, parasites recruited during ingestion of intermediate hosts remain in intestinal tract for much longer time periods Accomplishments : Necrospy of more than 1,175 fish representing 28 species from four collecting sites (Racine, Sheboygan, Sturgeon Bay, Bayfield) has resulted in recovery of 46 parasite taxa. Abundance of an Ac ant hocephal an has been identified as a LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G potential indicator of diet shifts by salmonids. Pathology elicited by parasites inhabitating gulls and eyes of fish is being examined. Parasite data has been shared with USFWS and DNR fishery biologists. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 61 CHRISTENSEN, E. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Civil Engineering Dept. HISTORICAL RECORDS OF POLLUTANTS AQUATIC SEDIMENTS IN RECENT Starting date: 9/01/1983 Completion date: 2/28/1986 Pro j ec t no : Spon sor : U. S. E PA AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: model, water quality, chemistry, geology, sediments, sediment cores, pollutants, atmospheric, flux, historical, tracer, advection, diffusion, radionuclides, cesium, lead-210, lead, zinc, cadmium, dating, organics, PCBs DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1) To estimate mixing and compaction parameters of sediments based on the steady-state advection- diffusion equation and steady-state profiles of a radiotracer such as Pb-210. (2) To apply the above mixing and compaction parameters in the time-dependent adv ec tion-d i f fusion equation to predict the sediment profile of time-dependent tracers such as Cs-137, Pb , Zn , Cd , and PCBs. (3) To investigate the application of the convolution intregal to recover the input record of particle-associated substances from the known mixing and compaction parameters of the sediment and a known sedimentary record of the substance considered. Results : (1) An efficient scheme for the estimation of mixing and compaction parameters of sediments has been developed. Optimal parameters are determined by minimizing chi-square for calculated and measured Pb-210 activities. (2) A comprehensive model for a tracer in sediments has been formulated. The model, which includes mixing and compaction parameters from Pb-210 profiles, has been successfully applied to Cs-137, Pb , Zn , and Cd . The use of Pu-239,240 and Pu-238 as time markers is consistent with the Cs-137 data. PCB levels in sediments of Lake Michigan have declined since 1970 in accordance with U.S. sales records. (3) A novel time domain d econvol ut ion method to remove the effects of mixing the sedimentary records of LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G pollutants has been developed. The methods has been tested and successfully applied to Pb , Zn , and Cd in several sediment cores from Lake Michigan. Three M.S. theses and four papers have been prepared from this project. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no . 62 C LA R K , J . A . Michigan - Calvin College, Grand Rapids Dept . of Geol ogy VERTICAL CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS AND STRESSES INDUCED BY GLACIAL ISOSTASY IN THE GREAT LAKES Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Sponsor Not Known AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: geology, glacial, historical DESCRIPTION: Gl ac io- iso static uplift in the Great Lakes region has caused considerable tilt of ancient shorelines in the northern portions of the basins. Apparent ho r izo ntal i ty of these shorelines to the south, especially in the Lake Michigan basin, suggests crustal stability there during postglacial times. Tilting is also reflected in data from lake level gauges indicating glac io- iso st a tic movement is continuing at present, however these data suggest that tilting is not only occuring in the northern regions but also in the southern "stable" regions. Predictions of a numerical model of the gl ac io-i so static process, assuming a spherical viscoelastic earth with a realistic ice sheet history, fit well the northern tilted shorelines. Predictions also suggest that the southern "stable" regions might be dynamic with present vertical rate of movement up to 2 mrn/yr. Large horizontal compr essio nal stresses, perhaps up to 10 M Pa , are predicted for the Great Lakes region during the glacial maxima and isostasy induced stresses may be as high as 3 M Pa at present. South of the Great Lakes region tensional stresses are predicted to be of comparable magnitude. It is likely that these stresses contribute to the seismicity of the Great Lakes region. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no . 63 CLARK, P. Illinois - University of Illinois-Chicago LATE PLEISTOCENE STRATIGRAPHY OF LAKE MICHIGAN COASTAL BLUFF, FORT SHERIDAN, ILLINOIS Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Sponsor Not Known AREA: Southern Lake Michigan; Illinois shoreline; Fort Sher id an KEYWORDS: geology, lake stages, glacial, historical, stratigraphy, sediments, bluffs, sed imen tol ogy , sed imen t cores DESCRIPTION: LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref. no. 64 CLARK, T. ; NORSTROM, R.J. Quebec - Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, Hull, Quebec, Canada K1A OE 7 AN ORGANOCHLORINE B IOACC UM ULAT ION DYNAMICS MODEL FOR FREE-LIVING HERRING GULLS IN THE GREAT LAKES Starting date: 4/1 986 Completion date: 3/1988 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Environment Canada; Wildlife Toxicology Fund AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Lake Huron; Lake Erie; Lake Ontario KEYWORDS: biology, herring gulls, gulls, birds, toxics, organics, model, contaminants, eggs, b io ace umula t ion , physiology, diet, food chain, lipids, mirex, dieldrin, DDD, loading, o rg anochlor ine pesticides DESCRIPTION: A large data base exists on org anochl or in e residue levels in herring gull eggs in the Great A mathematical model of b io accumul atio n has been developed to analyze trends in loadings to the Great Lakes from this data. La kes . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 65 COHEN, D.A. ; SHEDLOCK, R.J. Indiana - U.S. Geological Survey, Indianapolis HYDROLOGY OF THE COWLES BOG WETLAND COMPLEX, INDIANA DUNES NATIONAL LAKESHORE Starting date : 3/1 981 Completion date: 9/1985 Proj ect no : IN 81 -0 81 Sponsor: National Park Service AREA: Indiana; Southern Lake Lakeshore; Cowles Bog Michigan; Indiana Dunes National KEYWORDS: geology, groundwater, hydrology, wetlands, bog, aquifer, water quality, sediments, sand dunes, hydraulic properties, chemistry DESCRIPTION Probl em : The hyd Compl ex A bette Serv ice Na tio na Obj ec t ive To bett unconso in ter ac in and Approach : The hyd de fin ed d ef in in po ten t i ar eal , in t he of the bottom Re sul ts : Three r rology and water quality of the Cowles Bog Wetland and surrounding area are not well understood. r understanding will enable the National Park to better manage this area of the Indiana Dunes 1 Lakeshore. • er define the hydrology and hyd roc hem istr y of the lidated aquifer system and the wetland; and the tion between the groundwater and the surface water near the Cowles Bog Wetland Complex. rology and water quality of the area will be by: mapping the aquifer and non-aquifer units; g their hydraulic properties; mapping the ometric surfaces of the aquifers; defining the vertical, and temporal variations in water quality area; and investigating the storage properties wetland and the hydraulic properties of the sediments in the wetland. eports have been prepared and submitted for review LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UIN G Ref. no. 66 COHEN, D.A. ; SHEDLOCK, R.J. Indiana - U.S. Geological Survey, Indianapolis SHALLOW GROUNDWATER FLOW AND STR EAM -A QUIF ER RELATIONS IN THE GREAT MARSH WETLANDS, INDIANA DUNES NATIONAL LAKESHORE Starting date: 10/1983 Completion date: 9/1987 Project no: IN 84-087 Sponsor: National Park Service AREA: Indiana; Southern Lake Michigan; Great Marsh Wetlands; Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore KEYWORDS: geology, groundwater, hydrology, sand dunes, wetlands, hydrography, peat, sediments, aquifer, stratigraphy, sed imen tol ogy , water table, model, hydraulic properties, lake levels, chemistry, water quality, sediment cores, mapping, tributaries DESCRIPTION: Probl em : Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore extends from Michigan City to Gary, Indiana, along the urbanized and industrialized south shoreline of Lake Michigan. Most of the lowlands between and amongst several sets of ancient dune complexes are wetlands which have been partially drained by ditch systems constructed before the Lakeshore was established in 1966. For management of the wetland ecosystems, the Park Service needs a better understanding of the hydraulic relationship amongst the ditches, the shallow groundwater flow systems, and saturated levels in the organic sediments o f t he we tl ands . Ob j ec ti v e : In general, to develop a more detailed understanding of shallow groundwater flow and stream-aquifer relations in the Great Marsh, the largest interdunal wetland in Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, by determining the following: (1) Stratigraphy and sed imen tol ogy of the upper 30 ft. of unconsolidated sediments including the thickness and character of the organic sediments. (2) Bottom characteristics, streambed profiles, stage profiles, and adjacent water-table profiles for streams and ditches in the Great Mar sh . (3) Significance and variation in the vertical movement of water between the organic and mineral sediments. Appro ac h : The stratigraphy and sed imen tol ogy of the lacustrine and LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING we tl and depo s University fo r el atio ns wil and stage pro response to s and by sampl i penetrate bel pro per ties of in v est ig ated will be used stream stage Re sul ts : Str atig raphic sediment core defined the b map of the to Hydrographs a north edge of of transient 1984. Water- table mound i d un e-we tl and analyses of s fluids in the the subtill a portion of th Soil coring a ov er mo st of greater than third of the Great Marsh c indicate ther lev el s in the Plans call fo Marsh to be c transects equ recharge and will be perfo cond itio ns an layered flow d rain ag e b asi its are being studied by a student at Indiana r his doctoral dissertation. Stream-aquifer 1 be determined by measuring streambed and files, monitoring water-table fluctuations in tream stage changes and precipitation events, ng bottom materials to determine if streams ow the organic sediments. The hydraulic the peat and lacustrine deposits will be using a layered digital flow model. The model to estimate changes caused by change in and Lake Michigan levels. information from 34 additional shallow s along transects through the Great Marsh ottom of the surficial aquifer and produce p of the till sheet underlying the Great M nd a water-table profile perpendicular to the Great Marsh showed the growth and dec water-table mounds in October and December level data also showed the crest of the wa n the shoreline dune ridge is closer to th margin than originally thought. Chemical urface and groundwater samples and peat po Great Marsh indicate that upward leakage qui f er is occurring and may be a significa e overall water budget for the Great Marsh t 26 sites generally showed 0-3 ft. of pea the Great Marsh. However, peat thickness 9 1/2 ft. were found in portions of the no Great Marsh. Low water-table conditions i oupled with record high levels of Lake Mic e is no short-term correlation between wat Great Marsh and the stage of Lake Michiga r an isopach map of the peat in the Great onstructed. Water-table profiles along 2 ipped with digital recorders will be drawn pre-event conditions. Water-quality sampl rmed along 2 transects during low water-ta d after the spring recharge. An areal mul model will be constructed for the Derby Di n in the Great Marsh. d a ar sh . the ay of ter e re from nt rther n n the hig an er n . f o r ing ble ti- tch LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 67 COLE, K. Indiana - Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter LATE HOLOCENE DUNE FORMATION, EROSION, AND DEVELOPMENT ALONG THE SOUTH SHORE OF LAKE MICHIGAN Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Sponsor Not Known AREA: Southern Lake Michigan; Indiana Dunes State Park; Cowles Bog KEYWORDS: geology, lake stages, glacial, historical, sediments, Holocene, sand dunes, erosion, vegetation, succession, stratigraphy, pollen, botany, wetlands, inorganics, heavy metals, sediment cores, lake levels DESCRIPTION: LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT I N UI NG Ref. no. 68 COLLINSON, C. Illinois - Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign Stratigraphy and Surficial Geology Section EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO SHORELINE EROSION ALONG ILLINOIS SHORE OF LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 2/01/1986 Completion date: 6/30/1987 Pr o j ec t no : Sponsor: Illinois Dept. of Energy and Natural Resources AREA: Illinois shoreline of Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: geology, erosion, bluffs, shoreline, mapping, beach, lake levels, aerial photography, coastal structures DESCRIPTION Obj ec t ive (1 ) Do en ch (2) Co th st (3) Ma gu Resul ts : This pr shore p protect This is Lake Mi in 1987 and an s : site visits and aerial photography along the tire shoreline of Illinois to determine the anges caused by high lake levels mpile a computerized listing of all properties and e status of their beaches and bluffs and protective r uc tures ke recommendations for revising protective structure id el ines oject has produced a computerized inventory of 563 arcels which records location, stability, shore ion, and in some cases, protective structure costs. being used to update the ISGS Coastal Atlas of the chigan Shoreline of Illinois. Additional funding allowed for a review of storm effects and estimation of damage costs. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 70 COLLINSON, C. ; HOLM, N.P.; NORBY, R. Illinois - Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign Stratigraphy and Surficial Geology Section THE ROLE OF SILURIAN BEDROCK REEFS IN THE LAKE MICHIGAN LAKE TROUT FISHERY Starting date: 6/01/1986 Completion date: 6/30/1987 Project no: F-54-R Sponsor: Illinois Dept. of Conservation AREA: Illinois waters of Lake Michigan; Julian's Reef; Wilmette Reef KEYWORDS: geology, substrate, rehabilitation, lake trout, fish, spawning, hydrography, habitat, reefs, mapping DESCRIPTION: Obj ec t ives : 1. Determine the substrate types and their distribution on Julian's Reef and Wilmette Reef in southern Lake Michigan using geophysical soundings, sediment sampling, and underwater photography. 2. Define, locate, and determine which areas of the reefs would be most suitable for planting lake trout and for examining for the presence of lake trout eggs and fry. 3. Prepare maps of substrate type and hydrography for each of the reefs. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -C ONTIN U ING Ref. no. 69 COLLINSON, C. Illinois - Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign Stratigraphy and Surficial Geology Section LITTORAL DRIFT BUDGETS FOR THE ILLINOIS LAKE MICHIGAN SHORE Starting date : Completion date : Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Illinois Division of Water Resources 5/01/1 987 Continuing AREA: Illinois shoreline of Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: geology, sediments, littoral drift, sediment transport, beach, currents, hydrography, geophysical DESCRIPTION: A long-term cooperative study of littoral drift systems and coarse sediment beach systems has been initiated. More than 40 nearshore profiles for measurini littoral drift were acquired this year. This study will also be coordinated with a joint effort of the ISGS-USGS on a hydrographic/ geophysic al survey of the Illinois shoreline. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no 71 CONLEY, D. J.; QUIGLEY, M. A. ; SCHELSKE, C. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Great Lakes Research Division; Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor; Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Great Lakes Research Division SILICA AND PHOSPHORUS FLUX FROM SEDIMENTS: IMPORTANCE OF INTERNAL RECYCLING TO PRIMARY PRODUCTION IN LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 5/1984 Completion date: 5/1986 Project no: Spo nso r : None AREA: Green Bay; Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: geology, chemistry, geochemistry, nutrients, silica, phosphorus, inorganics, sediments, flux, regeneration, diatoms, dissolution, model, sediment cores, ph yto pi an kto n , cycling DESCRIPTION: Dissolved silic fluxes from Lake Mic incubation of intact orders of magnitude from sediments can s production, whereas ph yto pi an kto n produc than inputs from the fluxes to other inte that sediment fluxes of Si than P. The r rates of internal re a large effect on Si a (Si) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) higan sediments were measured through the sediment cores. Si fluxes were three larger than SRP fluxes. The flux of Si upply from 20-40% of the annual diatom the annual phosphorus (P) utilization for tion is two orders of magnitude greater sediments. Comparison of sediment rnal sources of nutrients demonstrates are more important in the internal cycling esults show that because of differences in cycling small enrichments of P can have d yn am ics . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 72 CONLEY, D. J. ; SCHELSKE, C. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Great Lakes Research Division MECHANISMS OF SILICA FLUX FROM THE SEDIMENTS OF LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 5/1982 Completion date: 10/1986 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: None AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: model, chemistry, silica, sediments, nutrients, geochemistry, flux, sediment cores, porewater, geology, inorganics, r em in er al iza tio n DESCRIPTION: The flux of dissolved silic cores collected from a variety o predicted flux of silica calcula gradients was only 5-87% of that incubation of intact sediment co Silica fluxes were poorly correl density. However, a significant obtained between surficial sedim concentration and silica flux, corroborate that in situ fluxes of recently deposited biogenic s Mass balance calculations indica silica occured in these areas. a has been f sed iment ted from po measured d res and ov e ated with b linear rel ent biogeni Add itio nal r esul t from il ic a in su te that sto determined from types. The re water silica irectly by the rl ying wa ter . enthic organism ationship was c silica ex per im en ts remineral ization rficial sediments rage of biogenic LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 73 CONLEY, D. J. ; SCHELSKE, C. ; DEMPSEY, B. G. ; CAMPBELL, CD.; NEWBERRY, T. L. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Great Lakes Research Division DISTRIBUTION OF BIOGENIC SILICA IN THE SURFICIAL SEDIMENTS OF LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 10/1981 Completion date: 10/1985 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: None AREA: Lake Michigan; Green Bay KEYWORDS: chemistry, geology, geochemistry, nutrients, silica, sediments, inorganics, deposition, sedimentation, diatoms, ph yto pi an kto n DESCRIPTION: The spatial distribution of biogenic silic in the surficial sediments of Lake Michigan is from Shipek grab samples collected in 1975 and cores obtained in 1983. Significantly smaller BSi concentrations in the 1975 samples were att primarily to the inability of a Shipek grab to intact surficial sediment samples. Lower conce of BSi were found in non-depo si tio nal and trans areas of sediment accumulation than in depositi Therefore, BSi accumulation is restricted to pr the 40? of the lake bottom where sediments are accumulating. High concentrations found in Gr e surficial sediments are related to high product in the bay coupled with inputs of new silica fr Fox River. In the open lake BSi concentrations surficial sediments in depositional basins appe vary inversely with sedimentation rate in that BSi concentrations were found in areas with hig sedimentation rates. a (BSi) de scr ib ed grav ity sur f ic ial r ib uted c oil ec t n tr atio ns i tio nal onal basins imar il y pr im ar il y en Ba y ivity om the of ared to lower her LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 74 COPES, F. ; COBLE, D. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Biology De pt . ; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Wis. Coop. Fish Res. Unit VITAL STATISTICS AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF AGE I, II AND III LAKE WHITEFISH IN GREEN BAY AND NORTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 9/01/1980 Completion date: 8/31/1984 Project no: R/GB-14 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Green Bay; Northern Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: fish, biology, whitefish, populations, mortality, age, recruitment, movement, yield, model DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To analyze the vital statistics of age I, II, and III whitefish in Green Bay and northern Lake Michigan waters and this fishery's relationship to the northern Lake Michigan whitefish fishery. Specifically: (1) estimate stock size and analyze age and population structure, movement, and recruitment and contribution to future fishery; (2) design a sampling program and models to predict optimum harvest rates and yield; (3) estimate yields and effects on biomass of various management alternatives. Ration ale : Whitefish is the most important commercial fish species in Lake Michigan in both Wisconsin and Michigan. Over 1 million pounds were harvested from Wisconsin waters in 1981. But little is known about whitefish populations and sustainable yields. This project was initiated in response to requests by the commercial fishermen and the natural resources agencies of both states. Ac com pi ishments : Found movement patterns of juvenile whitefish similar to those of adults and exploitation rate (survival/ mortality) fairly constant in last three years. Michigan and Wisconsin DNRs are using project information in managing northern Lake Michigan whitefish fishery. Commercial fisherman's financial support increased to over $30,000 in 1983. Several are using recommended sites and accepting recommended changes to reduce fishing mortality in stocks. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 75 COPES, F. ; COBLE, D. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Biol og y De pt . ; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Wis. Coop. Fish. Res. Unit THE DROP NET FISHERY AND ITS EFFECTS ON YELLOW PERCH YIELDS IN GREEN BAY Starting date: 9/01/1982 Completion date: 8/31/1985 Project no: R/GB-17 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Green Bay; Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : commercial fishing, fish, yellow perch, survival, mortality, biology, management DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : The overall objec of sublegal yello nets in Green Bay the proportion of that die in comme short-term handli perc h ; (3 ) determ the net on surviv that will enable retaining legal-s Rational e : Yellow perch prov and an intense co but annual mortal perch taken in co si ze , and appar en culling. This st mortality, improv increasing sport tive is to reduce the mortality w perch caught in commercial drop Specifically: (1) determine legal and sublegal yellow perch rcial dropnets; (2) estimate ng mortality of sublegal yellow ine the effect of holding time in al; (4) identify net modifications sublegal fish to escape while i ze perch . id e a substantial sport fishery mmercial fishery on Green Bay, ity is high. About half the mmercial drop nets are sublegal- tly many of these die after udy is aimed at reducing perch ing drop net efficiency and and commercial perch yields. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no . 76 COPES, F. ; COBLE, D. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Biol ogy De pt . Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Wis. Coop. Fish. Research Unit POPULATION MODELING OF LAKE WHITEFISH IN GREEN BAY AND WISCONSIN WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN AND MODEL VERIFICATION Starting date: 9/01/1984 Completion date: 8/31/1986 Proj ec t no : R/GB-23 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Wisconsin waters of Lake Michigan; Green Bay KEYWORDS: model, commercial fishing, biology, whitefish, fish, year-class strength, growth, mortality, recruitment, yield, populations DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To analyze the population statistics of lake whitefish with emphasis on estimating population size and biomass, year-class strength, instantaneous growth and mortality rates (natural, gill net, pound net, trap net); design a sampling program and models using pr er ecr ui tmen t and recruitment catch to predict the optimum harvest rates and yield; anlayze trap net mortality; complete and validate population models that will have predictive capability; develop a stock-recruitment model. Me thod ol og y : Fish trap and pound nets; sample commercial catch; tag and release sublegals, weigh a stratified sample; take scale samples; offer reward for tag returns; use Deriso, Regression, Cohort, Catch at Age, Ricker and other computer models. Ra tio nal e : Whitefish is the most important commercial fish species in Lake Michigan; a predictive whitefish management plan for the lake is needed. This project is proposed in direct response to requests from commercial fishermen and departments of natural resources. The population model and analysis will be incorporated in whitefish management plans for this resource Accomplishments : In 1985, tagged and tracked movements of sublegal whitefish (age I and II); investigated their mortality in trap nets; LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G examined 20 environmental factors and ways fishermen handled their nets and fish as relative factors in fish mortality; worked on tag returns to see shifts in mortality by total fishing industry and by specific gear--trap net, gill net, pound net, trawl net. Attempted to verify earlier models on whitefish developed by this project and by the Michigan D.N.R. and the tribal fisheries. Three M.S. theses have been completed in connection with this project. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 77 COPES, F. ; COBLE, D. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Biol og y De pt . ; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Wis. Coop. Fish. Res. Unit TROPHIC ECOLOGY AND POPULATION STATISTICS OF BURBOT, LOTA LOTA, IN GREEN BAY AND LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 9/01/1986 Completion date: 8/31/1989 Proj ec t no : R/LR-36 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Western Lake Michigan; Green Bay KEYWORDS: biology, fish, burbot, lake trout, walleye, age, growth, diet, seasonal, populations DESCRIPTION: The burbot populations in Green Bay and Michigan are burgeoning and have the potentia an important commercial fishery. This projec assembling the basic biological information a burbot needed to assess its role in the lake and whether a large burbot population might a affect other fish populations. This informat aid in the development of a model of the Gree community and its food web, which will enable agencies to develop a burbot management plan and improve management of the bay's other f i s Burbot, lake trout, walleye, and other f i s will be collected at various sites during eac seasons for comparison of their diet. Age an be measured on the fish species. in Lake 1 of becoming t i s bout the ecosystem dver sel y ion will n Bay fish fi sher y for the lake heries as well h species h of the four d growth will LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no . 78 CROLE Y, T. E. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor GREAT LAKES BASINS RUNOFF MODELING Starting date : 6/1 983 Completion date: 9/1986 Project no: Task 7.7 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Superior; Lake Michigan; Lake Huron; Lake Erie; Lake Ontario; Great Lakes Basin KEYWORDS: model, hydrology, runoff, climate, watershed, physical, water quality, precipitation, rain, snow, meteorology, tributaries, watershed DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1) To develop digital models that will simulate runoff responses of each of the Great Lakes Basins to time series of cl ima tol og ic al conditions and simulate the hydrologic response of individual watersheds in the Great Lakes Region reasonably accurately. (2) To interface the lake basin watershed models with the Great Lakes Hydrologic Response Model so that the watershed models provide the runoff component to the respon se mod el . Res ul ts : During the initial phases of this study, two existing models were evaluated for simulating the detailed hydrologic response of individual watersheds. The Corps of Engineers Streamflow Synthesis and Reservoir Regulation Model (SSARR) and the National Weather Service Hydrologic Model (NWSH) were evaluated in terms of reproducing volumes of runoff from the Genesee River Basin, N. Y. The SSARR model was then used to simulate runoff from the Southeast Lake Michigan drainage basin. Runoff was successfully hindcast for 6-mo periods in years with high, low, and ave . runoff from long- term monthly precipitation. Although the model shows poten- tial for use in simulating or forecasting runoff into the Great Lakes, its economic effectiveness depends on the ability to group watersheds of similar hydrologic character- istics into a single regional equivalent watershed. A simpler model was developed which is physically based and uses readily available data. Referred to herein as the GLERL Large Basin Runoff Model (LBRM), it accounts for the LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS 1 984 -CONTINUING processes of snow accumulation/melt, evapotranspiration, infiltration, surface storage, upper, lower, and groundwater zone moisture storages, and flows from these storages. The model was developed on the Genesee River Basin, adjacent to Lake Ontario and a calibration procedure was also developed. Comparisons of the GLERL Large Basin Runoff Model with the SSARR and NWSH models are complete. The GLERL model proved to be an accurate, fast model with relatively simple calibra- tion and data requirements for large watersheds. The model has been applied to numerous subbasins around Lake Superior and Lake Michigan. Calibrations on a daily basis are currently underway for Lakes Michigan, Huron, Erie, and are planned for Lakes St. Clair and Ontario. A number of papers and presentations have been prepared from this project. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 79 CROLEY, T. E. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor GLERL-SEA COOPERATIVE EFFORT: UPLAND EROSION IN THE GREAT LAKES BASIN Starting date : 1981 Completion date: 12/1984 Pro j ec t no : Task 7. 14 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes Basin KE WORDS: model, physical, erosion, watershed, pollution, deposition, transport, sediments, nonpoint source, water quality, geology DESCRIPTION: The physical processes of upland erosion and are poorly understood; knowledge of these processe useful to watershed and pollutant modelers for all of dredging requirements in harbors, for understan mechanics of various nonpo in t- so urc e pollutants, a understanding similar processes such as wind erosi sediment transport. During the past 4 years, GLER collaborated with the U.S. De pt . of Agriculture's Education Administration on the design of necessar for testing recently developed mathematical-physic of upland entrainment, deposition, and transport, experiments were made in August and September 1981 in cooperation with Purdue University's Agricultur De pt . Problems associated with deposition during hydrograph recession were encountered in the 1981 and eliminated in the 1982 experiments. Sufficien were obtained to investigate validity, to promote of the basic concepts, and to suggest further expe for testing the basic concepts and for investigati underlying physics. Unsteady overland sedimentation in rills can be with kinematic flow and sediment continuity equati uniform flow approximation requires the use of par in agreement with sheet flow or channel flow exper the parameters are in agreement with the unsteady section expected during the erosion process. Phys models of upland erosion (detachment, deposition, are now available. Five publications have been prepared from the re this proj ect . degrad ation s would be ev ia t ion d ing the nd fo r on and L has Sc ienc e y experiments al models The se and July 1982 al Engineering ex per iment s t d ata ex ten sions r iment s ng the d esc r ib ed ons. The am eter snot ience; but channel cross ic al 1 y-based and transport) sul ts o f LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 98 4 -C ONT I N U I NG Ref. no. 80 CROLEY, T.E. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor GREAT LAKES HYDROLOGICAL FORECASTING Starting date: 1/1984 Completion date: 12/1987 Project no: Task 7.17 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Superior; Lake Michigan; Lake Huron; Lake Erie; Lake Ontario; Great Lakes Basin KEYWORDS: model, physical, hydrology, water supply, runoff, lake levels, database, rain, meteorology, precipitation, evaporation, temperature, watershed, tributaries DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec t ives (1 ) To and net the (2) To rea and and (3) To lak Results : A concep for the will soo and St . tank-cas solution large wa moi stur e require the cone of data The expe being de the time ava il abl e f f ic ien minimum/ develop digital models for making deterministic probabilistic forecasts of soil moisture, runoff, basin supply, and lake levels in near real-time for Great Lakes Basins. develop and maintain a hydrologic data base in a near 1-time fashion of sufficient quality for scientific water resources studies and for up-to-date forecasts outlooks . investigate use of system-wide forecasting in e-level regulation determination. tual rainfall-runoff model has been calibrated Lakes Ontario, Champlain, and Superior Basins and n be in place for the Lakes Michigan, Huron, Erie, Clair Basins. The model is an interdependent cade concept of basin runoff; it employs analytical s of cl imatological considerations relevant for tersheds. Effective operational forecasts of soil , basin runoff, net basin supply, and lake levels meteorological data to be available for use by eptual models in near real-time. The timeliness availability affects the usefulness of the forecasts, rimental near real-time data aquisition network is signed for an eventual delay of only one week between the data is measured in the field and when it is e for use by the conceptual models. The need for t computations of daily average precipitation and maximum temperatures over each of the many subbasins LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 98 4 -C ONT IN UI NG about a lake from the station values in the data network required the development of a new algorithm for computing Thiessen weights. The Thei ssen-weight ing algorithm was used under Task 7.7 to redesign software for the reduction of meteorological data into cl imatolog ic al subbasin data sets. The algorithm was incorporated into the development of software for the semi-automatic update of the provisional data bases and for the semi-automatic generation of deterministic or probabilistic forecasts. A number of papers and presentations have been prepared from this project. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no . 81 CROLEY, T. E. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor ESTIMATION OF OVERLAKE EVAPORATION ON THE GREAT LAKES Starting date : 1987 Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Task 7. 25 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: physical, evaporation, temperature, water budget, me teorol ogy DESCRIPTION: LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 82 CROLEY, T. E. ; FONTAINE, T. D. ; HARTMANN, H.C. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor MULTIOBJECTIVE BASIN-WIDE MODELS FOR GREAT LAKES WATER QUANTITY AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT Starting date: 1986 Completion date: Continuing Project no: Task 9.27 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes Basin KEYWORDS: physical, management, model, water quality, water quantity, diversion, evaporation, runoff, watershed, water use, lake levels, climate, precipitation, groundwater, hydrology, loading, transport DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1) To develop the capability for basin-wide assessment of major new diversions, increased consumptive uses, lake-level regulations, and climatic change. (2) To coordinate water quantity conceptual models of rainfall-runoff, lake evaporation and precipitation, groundwater, and channel hydraulics with conceptual models of ecosystem function, contaminant transport, and lake economics. (3) To develop simulation models from (2), above, for basin-wide simulations of water quantity and quality. (4) To identify use objectives from basin-wide, state, national, and international Great Lakes perspectives. (5) To identify views, attitudes, and value functions associated with the use objectives and to integrate them into the water quan tit y/ qual it y models. (6) To adapt optimization methodologies for identification of efficient management alternatives. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -C ONT I N U I NG Re f . no 331 DAVENPORT, R. ; SPACIE, A. Illinois - University of Illinois, Champa ign-Ur ban a Dept. of Genetics and Development Indiana - Purdue University, West Lafayette Dept. of Forestry and Natural Resources LIGHT, WATER AND THE PHOTOINDUCED TOXICITY OF COMPLEX MIXTURES OF HYDROCARBON POLLUTANTS Starting date: 5/01/1987 Completion date: 4/30/1989 Project no: R/F-10 Sponsor: Illinois/Indiana Sea Grant Program AREA: Southern Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: chemistry, toxics, organics, bioassay, PAHS, irradiance, sunlight, synergism, sediments, photochemistry, fish, Daphnia, Cladocera, zooplankton, bacteria, genetics DESCRIP Ob j ec To ex i Met ho The wil and of Ratio The hig sue hyd Accom Thi ev a and Benef Thi d am mak in TION t ive inve st in dolo ex i 1 be aft r ad i nal e nea hly h hy roca pi is s re 1 uat wil i ts : s wo age ing Sout stigate th g hydrocar gy : sting tox i tested us er r ad iat i at ion will r-UV compo toxic prod drocarbons rbic poten hments : search wil ion of pot 1 provide rk will fi caused by decisions hern Lake e light-induction of toxicants from bon pollutants in Southern Lake Michigan. city as mutagenicity of water and sediments ing ultrasensitive techniques both before on with near-ultraviolet light. Products be partially fractionated and characterized. nent of sunlight can produce soluble and ucts. The Great Lakes contain reservoirs of and these have never been examined for their ti al . I provide an initial database for the ential phototoxic damage to the environment a foundation for future research. II a gap in the understanding of environmental hydrocarbon pollution and it will aid in as to future disturbances of bottom sediments Michigan . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no 83 DAY, H. J. ; LEE, K. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Green Bay Science and Environmental Change; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Civil Engineering HYDRODYNAMIC GREEN BAY AND WATER QUALITY MODELING FOR LOWER Starting date: 9/01/1982 Completion date: 8/31/1984 Proj ec t no : R/GB-1 9 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Green Bay; Fox River; Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: model, physical processes, water quality, wastewater, loading, river, currents, pollution, discharge, circulation, chemistry DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To adapt, calibrate and verify hydrodynamic and water quality models for the lower Fox River and lower Green Bay. Specifically: (1) to organize and coordinate a field data collection program; (2) to adapt Milwaukee Harbor models to Green Bay; (3) to use field data collected above in calibrating and verifying the models; (4) to assist project participants in applying the model. Rational e : Pending wasteload allocations being developed by the Wisconsin De pt . of Natural Resources could be very costly to Green Bay and urban Brown County citizens and industries. Hydro- dynamic and water quality models for the lower Fox River and lower Green Bay would help ensure that the most cost-effective allocation plan is considered. Ac com pi ishm en ts : Adapted and calibrated a model of water quality and water movement in Green Bay for use in wastewater allocation problems. The Wisconsin DNR, which worked with the investigators, plans to use to model in its wastewater allocations. The Corps of Engineers is considering using it for studies of dredge spoil disposal si te s . -104- LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 84 DOBOS, R. ; WESELOH, D. V. ; BIDER,J. Ontario - Canadian Wildlife Service, Burlington DISTRIBUTION OF WATERBIRDS ON THE GREAT LAKES IN EARLY WINTER Starting date : Completion date: Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Canadian 1976 19 85 Wild 1 i fe Ser v ic e AREA: Lake Superior; Lake Michigan; Lake Huron; Lake Erie; Lake Michigan; connecting channels KEYWORDS: biology, birds, waterbirds, gulls, ducks, herons, mergansers, loons, abundance, winter, populations, distr ib ut io n DESCRIPTION: Data from 5 the Great Lakes wa terb ird s (i.e. to provide a dir Great Lakes duri was recorded on Survey effort va 11 , 000 hr ./lake) hrs . wa s grea ter of the 1 ake s ( ra also varied grea ind iv id ual s r eco L. Superior to 3 Gulls , Mallard , the most abundan abundance varied extremely useful on the Great La k 63 Christmas Bird Counts from 1976-85 were summar loons, herons, waterfow ectory of waterbird dist ng early winter. A tota the five lakes and conne ried greatly among the 1 The number of species (21.4) on the river sys nge: 6.5-11.0). Waterbi tly among lakes. The nu rded/party hr . ranged fr 38 on L. Erie. Ring-bil Canvasback and Common Me t species on each lake/r among sites. The direc tool for plotting water es in early winter. conducted on i zed for 1 , gull s , e tc . ) ribution on the 1 of 12 s pec ie s c ting riv er s . akes (2500- /1000 party terns than on any rd abundance mb er of om 12 on led and Herring rg an ser wer e iv er , although tory is an bird distribution LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 85 DORAZIO, R.M. ; BOWERS, J.; LEHMAN, J. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Division of Biological Sciences and Great Lakes Research Division Arbor FOOD LIMITATION AND PATTERNS OF RESOURCE UTILIZATION BY DAPHNIA AND DIAPT0MU3 IN LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: Com pi etion date : Proj ec t no : Sponsor: National AREA: Lake Michigan 1 985 Continuing Science Foundation KEYWORDS: biology, zooplankton, diet, competition, populations, Cladocera, Copepoda, chlorophyll, feeding, phyto pi an kton , zooplankton grazing DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : Determine if observed changes in zooplankton community from Diaptomus- to Daphn ia-d om ina ted assemblages were related to changes in availability of food resources. Met hodology : Experimentally measure size- and species-specific productivity of Daphnia and Diaptomus incubated at different concentrations of Lake Michigan ph yto pi an kto n . Also measure ingestion rates of these zooplankton species on different size fractions of algae. Re sul ts : Experiments reveal differences in the ways that Daphnia and Diaptomus exploit scarce food resources. „AKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 86 EADIE, B. J. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE GREAT LAKES ECOSYSTEM Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Task 4. 1 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes; Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: chemistry, model, analytical methods, PAHs, water quality, o rgan ics , tox ics DESCRIPTION: Obj ec t ives : (1) To develop analytical capability to accurately quantitate selected PAHs in different parts of the Great Lakes. (2) To quantify the levels of selected PAHs in parts of the Great Lakes ecosystem. (3) To calibrate a first-order assessment model for PAH in Lake Michigan. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 87 EADIE, B.J.; MOREHEAD, N. R. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor PHASE DISTRIBUTION AND SORPTION KINETICS OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS ON GREAT LAKES PARTICULATE MATTER Star ting date : Cornple t ion da te : Pro j ec t no : Ta sk Sponsor: NOAA 1 984 Con tin uing 4.9 AREA: Lake Michigan; Great Lakes KEYWORDS: chemistry, particulates, organics, contaminants, sorption, toxics, desorption, transport DESCRIPTION: Obj ec t ives : (1) To measure the equilibrium phase distribution of selected organic compounds in Lake Michigan. (2) To identify and quantify the major varibles which mediate phase distribution. (3) To measure the rates of adsorption and desorption of selected organic compounds with Great Lakes particulate matter. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Re f . no . 88 EADIE, B.J.; MOREHEAD, N.R.; ROBBINS, J. A. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor MULT IT RACER -PARTICLE ASSOC IATIONS Star t i ng da te : Completion date: 1986 Project no: Task 3.9 Sponso r : NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: physical, particulates, tracer, partition coefficients, organics, contaminants, radionuclides, sediments, toxics, organic carbon, desorption, water quality, chemistry ASCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : (1) To determine the equilibrium distribution (partition) coefficients for organic contaminants and radionuclides onto Lake Michigan particulate matter . (2) To determine the dependence of the distribution coefficients on the concentration of solids in sediment-water suspensions. (3) To determine the role of dissolved organic carbon on par ti t ion ing . (4) To determine the effect of prolonged contact of tracers with sediments on the distribution coefficient of desorption. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no . 89 EADIE, B. J. ; ROBBINS, J. A. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor TOXIC ORGANIC MODELING IN THE GREAT LAKES Starting date: Completion date: Continuing Project no: Task 4.2 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes KE YW OR DS : model, organics, chemistry, toxics, contaminants, PAHs, PCBs , cycling, research needs, water quality, fa te , tr an sport DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1) To synthesize available information on the aquatic cycling of PCBs and PAHs into a numerical model hierarchy for the Great Lakes ec osystem . (2) To aid in the identification of process re se arch needs . -110- LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no . 90 ECK, G. Michigan - National Fisheries Center - Great Lakes, Ann Arbor MORTALITY OF PRERECRUIT LAKE TROUT - LAKE MICHIGAN Star ting date : Comple t ion da te : Pro j ec t no : Spo nso r : U.S. Fi sh 5/01 /1 983 Con t in uing and Wildlife Service AREA: Lake Michigan - off Holland, Michigan; Michigan waters KE YW OR D3 : biology, fish, lake trout, mortality, populations, stocking, trawling, monitoring, abundance, survival, salmonid, life history DESCRIPTION: Lack of accurate estimates of from time of stocking to age Visa to projection of absolute sizes of stocks of lake trout planted in the a basis for evaluating efforts to r populations. Immature lake trout a vulnerable to largemesh gillnet con capture adults in both experimental commercial fishing. The overall go is to develop and implement methods for reliably estimating prerecruit ongoing field experiment involves s each year with wing-trawls for lake a special plant of yearlings in Lak Holland, Michigan, in spring 1983; resulting data will permit us to se effects of dispersal after release declines in abundances attributable lake trout mortality major impediment the standing Great Lakes as estore self-sustaining re only nom ial 1 y ventionally used to and ( pa st) al of this work unit on a pilot-test basis mortal i ty . The ystematic sampling trout stocked as e Michigan near hopefully the gregate temporal from absolute to mor tal ity . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no . 91 EDGINGTON, D. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Center for Great Lakes Studies STUDIES OF LIMNOLOGICAL PROCESSES CONTROLLING THE AVAILABILITY OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES TO AQUATIC FOOD CHAINS IN THE GREAT LAKES Starting date: Completion date: Continuing Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: U.S. EPA AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: biology, chemistry, toxics, contaminants, organics, food chain, b io ace umula t ion , diet, sediments, r esus pen sio n DESCRIPTION: LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 92 EDGINGTON, D. ; ANDREN, A. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Center for Great Lakes Studies; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Water Chemistry Program THE PERSISTENCE OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN A GREAT LAKES ESTUARY Starting date: 9/01/1986 Completion date: 8/31/1990 Project no: R/GB-25 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Green Bay; Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : chemistry, organics, pollution, transport, fate, sediments, atmospheric, PCBs , toxics, b iod eg rad atio n , PAHs , biology, food chain, cycling, flux, wetlands, pattern recognition, diagenesis, sediment cores, volatilization DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To (1) investigate if Green Bay is a sin PCBs and PAHs to Lake Michigan; (2) stud in PCBs and PAHs in Green Bay sediments; the importance of volatilization of PCBs Green Bay; (4) investigate the extent of congener fractionation from source, thro sediments, and through the food web in t new pattern recognition framework to ana understand environmental cycling of PCBs Method ol ogy : Sediment core and suspended sediment col radiometric date techniques; high-resolu and GC-MS analysis; study PCB and PAH vo using bubble stripping chambers in situ; recognition technique. Ration ale : Green Bay has been identified as one of areas in Lake Michigan, especially with PAHs. It is still unknown whether the b or a continuous source of pollutants to The rate of volatilization, degradation or in this and similar coastal systems needs k or so urc e o f y temporal changes (3 ) inv est ig ate and PAHs from compound and ugh the water and he bay ; (5 ) appl y a lyze data base to and PAHs . 1 ec tio n ; tion GC 1 atil i za tion SIMCA pattern the most polluted respect to PCBs and ay is a perm an en t Lake Mic hig an . permanent burial to be quan ti f ied . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no 93 EDGINGTON, D. ; BROOKS, A. ; SEALE, D. B. ; BORAAS, M. E. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Center for Great Lakes Studies EVALUATING E UTR OPH IC ATIO N MUNICIPAL WATER INTAKES IN LAKE MICHIGAN USING DATA FROM Starting date: 4/01/1984 Completion date: 8/31/1986 Project no: R/MW-32-PD Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: phyto pi an kton , botany, biology, chemistry, water quality, monitoring, historical, e ut ro phica t ion , analytical methods, silica, phosphorus, nutrients, inorganics DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To (1) convert existing counts and other limnol format; (2) analyze the and to test hypotheses and e utro phica t ion ; (3) by analyzing lake colle plant samples collected Me thod ol og y : Enter the historical da established statistical signal-flow methods to limnological procedures da ta to the lake . Ra tio nal e : Long-term, consistent s and biological variable and predicting the resp ecosystem. The only us Linnwood Plant in Milwa a biological interpreta it available to the res , daily ph yto pi an kto n species ogical data to machine-readable data to determine long-term trends concerning species interactions calibrate the historical data cted samples and water treatment on t he same da tes . ta into computer files. Use , graphical, time-series, and analyze data. Use conventional to calibrate the historical ampling of physical, chemical, s is essential for understanding onses of the Lake Michigan eful extant record is that in the ukee . This project will give tion of that record and make e arc h commun i t y . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no 94 EDGINGTON, D. ; CHRISTENSEN, E. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Center for Great Lakes Studies; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Civil Engineering De pt . PERSISTENCE OF POLLUTANTS LAKE MICHIGAN'S GREEN BAY IN THE SEDIMENTS OF Starting date: 9/01/1981 Completion date: 8/31/1984 Project no: R/GB-15 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Green Bay; Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: trace metals, PCBs , toxics, sediments, flux, contaminants, chemistry, water quality, inorganics, sediment cores, sedimentation, lead-210, cesium, dating, transport, mixing, fate, historical DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1) Evaluate the sources, transport, and sinks of sediments in Green Bay; (2) determine the extent of biological activity in the sediments; (3) estimate the extent, magnitude and frequency of sediment disturbances by storms; (4) determine the history of inputs and annual fluxes to the sediments of trace organic and inorganic compounds; (5) estimate the importance of the sediments as a sink and the time it will take them to respond to remedial actions like nutrient and contaminant controls. Accomplishments : Collected and analyzed sediment cores from major sedimentation areas in Green Bay for cesium-137 and lead-210; calculated sedimentation rates and mixing depths. Discontinuities in the lead-210 and porosity profiles and differences in the calculated sedimentation and mixing parameters have provided measurements of sediment disturbances by storms and long-term transport from temporary to permanent sinks, respectively. Measurements of trace metals and PCBs are under way; preliminary estimates can be made of fluxes to the sediments. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT I N UI N G Ref. no. 95 EDGINGTON, D. ; KLUMP, J.V.; BINKOWSKI, F.P.; KASTER, J.L. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Center for Great Lakes Studies ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS AND FEASIBILITY OF FLY ASH BLOCK ARTIFICIAL REEF CONSTRUCTION Star ting date : Compl etion d ate : Project no: Sponsor: Wisconsin 12/1 /1 984 12/31/1 986 Electric Power Co. AREA: Laboratory KEYWORDS: biology, chemistry, fly ash, artificial reefs, inorganics, metals, bioassay, toxics, water quality, fish, zooplankton, ph ytopl an kton , fathead minnow, walleye, lake trout DESCRIPTION: These studies are being done to test environmental effects of fly ash blocks on fish, phyto pi ankton , and zooplankton to determine whether fly ash blocks can be used in artificial reefs in Lake Michigan. This would be an alternative to current disposal practices of coal combustion waste. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -C NT IN U ING Ref . no 96 EDIL, T. ; GREEN, T. ; WORTLEY, C.A. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin, Madison Civil and Environmental Engineering; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin, Madison Civil and Environmental Engineering Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin, Madison Engineering Professional Development THE PULLOUT OF ICE OF HARBOR PILES BY VERTICAL MOTIONS Starting date: 9/01/1984 Completion date: 8/31/1986 Project no: R/NI-08 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: waves, harbors, physical, engineering, marinas, coastal structures, hydrodynamics, model, osc il lations , ice DESCRIPT Obj ect (1 ) desi d ete of i pile cr i t Method Use igat and 1 abo d ata Ration "Ice is t v er t pull c our d am a Thes invo Accomp Stud o f m ION: i v es : To provide information for use by dock and harbor faced with " ic e- j ac king" problems; (2) To cs of vertical motions ffect of these motions on rmation to improve design ern harbors and marinas. gner s rmine the char ac ter ist i ce in harbors and the e s; (3) To use such info eria for piles in north ology : of analytical and numer e the character of vert the associated lifting ratory and large-scale (collected by others) ale : -jacking", a common pro he phenomenon whereby t ical oscillation of the piles completely out se of a winter, often ge to docks and other e results may also be lv i ng ice d amage . 1 ishmen t s : ied a scale model test odel piles imbedded in ical models to invest- ical ice oscillations force on a pile; model tests; field to test the results. blem in northern harbors, he continued, small ice in a harbor can of the bottom over the resulting in severe pile-supported structures, applicable to other situations of the pullout resistance sand and subjected to cyclic LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -C ONT IN U ING loadings, such as transmitted by vertical oscillations of sheets, and found a degradation of the uplift resistance as a result of being subjected to cyclic loads. Now trying to determine the most important factors and general quantitative characteristics of this degradation This project is continuing and will study pullout resistance of harbor piles to ice forces. Benef i ts : The potential users are marina designers, dock manufacturers and coastal engineers in northern climates. The investigators are in direct contact with such people by way of consulting and short courses presented annually. The information is also disseminated via user- oriented technical reports such as Wortley (1984). LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref. no. 97 EDSALL, T. ; BROWN, C. Michigan - National Fisheries Center - Great Lakes, Ann Arbor EVALUATION OF LAKE TROUT SPAWNING AND NURSERY HABITAT IN GREAT LAKES WATERS Starting date: 10/1982 Completion date: 9/1988 Project no: Sponsor: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Great Lakes Fishery Commi ss ion AREA: Wilmette Reef, Lake Michigan; Beaver Island area (Richard's Reef), Lake Michigan; Port Austin Reef, Lake Huron; Partridge Island Reef, Lake Superior; Lake Ontario; Lake Erie KEYWORDS: biology, lake trout, fish, salmonid, rehabilitation, spawning, mapping, substrate, hydrography, habitat, geology, reefs, reproduction, photography DESCRIPTION: The Great Lakes Fishery Commission has determined that a more systematic approach needs to be taken to understand why lake trout are not successfully reproducing in four of the Great Lakes. The GLFC is sponsoring this project to examine and compare potential spawning reefs in each of the five Great Lakes. Work is currently being done using side scan sonar and a remotely operated underwater television camera to record and classify substrate types at historically productive spawning sites in Lake Huron, Lake Superior, and Lake Michigan. The results of these studies will permit the selection of stocking sites at which planted lake trout will be able to reproduce successfully. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CONT IN UING Ref. no. 98 EGERTON, F. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha History of Science and Environmental History HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS IN GREAT LAKES FISH POPULATIONS Starting date: 9/01/1986 Completion date: 8/31/1988 Project no: R/PS-36 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Lake Huron; Lake Erie; Lake Ontario KEYWORDS: historical, management, fish, review, populations DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To investi on Great L Do distinc where are d if f er en t di sagr eeme consen sus und er stand Great Lake Methodology : Two source in terv ie ws on the Gre accessible of the bio Ration ale : Asse ssing most impor in the Gre fish life an al yses , survey of useful to gate the pattern of population studies conducted akes fish species from the 1950s to the 1980s: t schools of population studies exist and, if so, they? Do the different techniques reflect criteria for verification? Are there significant nts in evaluating evidence and, if not, is attained too easily? What overall advancements in ing fish population dynamics have occured on the s? s of information: the published literature and with fishery biologists conducting research at Lakes (the published literature is easily but seldom contains all the relevant judgements log ists) . changes in fish populations is probably the tant task of fishery biologists, and such changes at Lakes have been dramatic. Biologists have made history investigations, commercial catch statistics computer models and other studies. A general what has been achieved in this area would be fish biologists. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref. no. 99 EGERTON, F. Wisconsin - University of Wi sconsin-Par ksid e , Kenosha History of Science and Environmental History ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND THE MANAGEMENT OF THE GREAT LAKES FISHERIES FROM ABOUT 1920 TO ABOUT 1950 Star ting date : Completion date: 1984 Project no: SGA-01 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Lake Michigan; Green Bay; Saginaw Bay; Western Lake Er ie ; La ke Huron KEYWORDS: biology, fish, management, historical, populations, productivity, policy DESCRIPTION: This project has resulted in two publications (one is Great Lakes Fishery Commission Technical Report No. 41) and a number of presentations. -121- LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref . no . 100 EISENREICH, S. Minnesota - University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Civil and Mineral Engineering Dept. TOXIC ORGANIC-SEDIMENT DYNAMICS IN THE GREAT LAKES Starting date: 1 982 Completion date: 1985 Project no: Sponsor: NOAA/GLERL AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: chemistry, sediments, organics, org anoc hi or ine pesticides, PCBs, DDT, mirex, radionuclides, lead-210, dating, BHC, HCB, porewater, sedimentation, sediment cores, toxics, diagenesis, deposition, transport, historical, flux, c hlorob en zenes , water qual i t y DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v e : To determine the history of deposition and post- depositional mobility and of transformation of organic contaminants in r ad iom etr ic al 1 y characterized sed imen t cores . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref. no. 101 EISENREICH, S. Minnesota - University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Civil and Mineral Engineering Dept. EVALUATION OF PRECIPITATION SAMPLERS FOR ORGANICS Starting date: 1985 Completion date: 1986 Proj ec t no : Sponsor: U.S. EPA - Great Lakes National Program Office AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: chemistry, atmospheric, precipitation, organics, deposition, sampling DESCRIPTION: LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no . 102 EVANS, M.S.; MEYERS, P. A. ; SIMMONS, M.S. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Great Lakes Research Division Arbor INCORPORATION, CONCENTRATION, AND EXCHANGE CONTAMINANTS IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM OF LIPOPHILIC Star ti ng date : Comple t ion da te : Pr o j ec t no : Sponsor: U.S. EPA 5/01 /1 986 11 /01 /1 988 AREA: Lake Michigan; Grand Haven area; Michigan waters KEYWORDS: chemistry, organics, toxics, contaminants, PCBs , PAHs, DDE, lipids, ph y to pi an kton , zooplankton, benthic, invertebrates, Mysis, Amphipoda, sculpin, fish, food chain, b ioacc umula t ion , biochemistry, diet, o rg anoc hlor ine pe st ic id es DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v e : To evaluate (PCBs, PAHs pi an kto n , m members) in Re suits: Organisms h a Lake Mich of lake wat in concentr or Jul y , an period. Bo wi th inc rea c ompl ica t ed so urc es . relationships between fat-soluble contaminants , DDE) and lipid content and composition of ysids, amphipods, and sculpins (food chain Lake Michig an . ave been collected at monthly intervals from igan site off Grand Haven, along with samples er and underlying sediments. Seasonal maxima ations of lipids, PCBs, and DDE occur in June d lipid compositions vary over the collection dy burdens of contaminants generally increase ses in trophic level and appear to bear relationships to lipid contents and dietary -124- LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no 103 EVANS, M. S. ; RICE, C. P. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Great Lakes Research Division TOXAPHENE COMPARTITION AND RECYCLING IN LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 1/01/1983 Completion date: 6/30/1986 Project no: R/TS-26 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: chemistry, organics, b ioacc umul ation , water quality, metabolism, transport, invertebrates, fish, cycling, sediment traps, zooplankton, phyto pi an kton , toxics, biology, chub, lake trout, sculpin, fate, toxaphene, food chain, Mysis, Amphipoda, Pontoporeia, benthic, model, o rg anoc hlor ine pesticides DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : 1983-84. 1) Investigate toxaphe and trophic transfer through a p amphi pod-scul pin food web. 2) Ch physical mechanisms for toxaphen 3) Investigate temporal variabil lived organisms. 4) Compare toxa toxicology with other contaminan quantitative information on toxa graphic patterns. 1985. 1) Continue #5 objective, toxaphene b iomagni f ica t ion in bl trout. 3) Test some of the exist models for the fate and transpor pollutants in pelagic food webs. Met hodol ogy : This study is based on obtaining and quantitative information on plankton, mysids, amphipods, scu sediment trap samples collected selection computer program was d allows the collection of this qu Principal component analysis wil toxaphene mixtures in the variou ecosystem under investigation. Accompl ishments : This study has confirmed that to ne b ioaccumul ation 1 an kton-mysid- ar ac ter ize e tr ansport . ity in short- phene eco- t s . 5 ) Ob ta in phene chromato- 2 ) Inv est ig ate oaters and lake ing mathematical t of hydrophobic qual ita ti v e toxaphene levels in 1 pins , and in 1982. A peak eveloped which antitative information. 1 be used to investigate s components of the xaphene does occur LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 98M -C ONT IN UI N G in the Great Lakes ecosystem and at levels which are comparable to those observed for PCBs . Thus it has provided new data on a poorly understood contaminant in the Great Lakes ecosystem. Pre- liminary data has illustrated various aspects of its b iom ag ni f ic atio n and fate. .AKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no . 1 on EVANS, M. S. ; SCHELSKE, C. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Great Lakes Research Division Arbor CHARACTERIZATION LAKE MICHIGAN OF PARTICULATE FLUX IN SOUTHEASTERN Starting date : 1/01/1 983 Completion date: 12/31/1984 Proj ect no : R/ ER-1 6 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program kREA: Southeastern Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: chemistry, physical, transport, sediments, cycling, water quality, zooplankton, nutrients, silica, flux, organic carbon, chlorophyll, particulates, inorganics, ph y to pi an kton , pathways DESCRIPTION: Obj ec t ives : To investigate particulate flux dynamics in southeastern Lake Michigan from 1982 samples. This includes the characterization of particulate flux components (fecal pellets, mineral crystals, ph yto pi an kto n , etc.) and seasonality of such flux. Theoretical settling velocities are calculated to estimate major transport routes. Biogenic silica flux is calculated to estimate seasonality and major pathways. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 105 FAHNENSTIEL, G. L. ; CARRICK, H. , JR. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor AUTOTROPHIC PICOPLANKTON AND NA NNO PLA N KT ON STUDIES IN THE GREAT LAKES Starting date: 1987 Completion date: Continuing Project no: Task 5.29; Task 5.30 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: biology, ph yto pi an kto n , primary production, nutrients, phosphorus, zooplankton grazing, cycling, inorganics DESCRIPTION: LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING R e f . no. 106 FAHNENSTIEL, G. L. ; SCAVIA, D. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor NUTRIENT -LIGHT REGULATION OF PH YTOPLA NKTON GROWTH IN SUBSURFACE PH YTO PLAN KTON POPULATIONS Star ting date : Completion date: 1984 Project no: Task 5.16 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: biology, phyto pi ankton , growth, nutrients, light, botany, inorganics DESCRIPTION: Obj ec t ive : To determine the role of nutrients and light in regulating ph yto pi an kton growth of subsurface phyto pi an kton populations. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no . 107 FAHNENSTIEL, G.L.; SCAVIA, D. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor LAKE MICHIGAN ECOSYSTEM EXPER IM ENT —IN SITU SPECIES SPECIFIC GROWTH RATES AND SUBSURFACE PHYTOPLANKTON MAXIMA IN LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: Completion date: 1986 Project no: Task 5.21 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: biology, ph yto pi ankton , growth, light, primary production, photosynthesis, he tero trophy , autotrophy, botany DESCRIPTION: Obj ec t ives : (1) To determine the magnitude and role of species- specific in situ growth in the development and maintenance of subsurface ph y to pi an kton populations (2) To determine species-specific ph yto syn the si s vs. light relationships for surface and subsurface ph yto pi an kton populations and compare those results with in situ measurements of primary production. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no . 108 r y , Argonne FONTAINE, T.D. ; LESHT, B.M. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor; Illinois - Argonne National Laborato Atmospheric Physics Section A STOCHASTIC OPTIMIZATION FRAMEWORK FOR IDENTIFYING COST EFFECTIVE PHOSPHORUS MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR THE GREAT LAKES Star t i ng da te : Compl etion d ate : Project no: Task Sponsor: NOAA 1 985 Continuing 9. 21 AREA Great Lakes KEYWORDS: chemistry, model, phosphorus, nutrients, inorganics, management, economics, abatement, water quality, eutro phic atio n , pollution DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1) To modify Chapra's (1983) steady-state phosphorus model and optimization program so that the effects of environmental variability on optimal phosphorus control strategies can be assessed. (2) To determine if optimal phosphorus control strategies derived from models run with average conditions will be more or less cost effective than strategies derived from models which take into account environmental variability (3) To predict expected natural variability of phosphorus concentrations in the Great Lakes. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UIN G Ref. no. 109 FRASER, G. ; THOMPSON, T. Indiana - State Geological Survey, Bloomington SEDIMENTOLOGY STUDIES IN LA PORTE AND ST. JOSEPH COUNTIES, INDIANA AND INDIANA DUNES NATIONAL LAKESHORE Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Indiana State Geological Survey AREA: Indiana shoreline of Lake Michigan; Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore KEYWORDS: geology, sediments, lake levels, lake stages, glacial, historical, sand dunes, beach, sed imen tol ogy , dating, c arbon- 1 4 DESCRIPTION: LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 11 FRIDGEN, J. Michigan - Michigan State University, East Lansing Parks and Recreation De pt . ATTITUDE, IMAGE AND PERCEPTION SHIFTS FOLLOWING GREAT LAKES VACATION TRAVEL Starting date: 2/01/1986 Completion date: 1/31/1988 Project no: R/R-15 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Great Lakes; Michigan waters KE YW OR DS : travel, sociology, tourism, recreation, economics DESCRIPTION: Obj ec t ives : 1) Compare pre-visit and of Great Lakes coastal t Identify barriers to pot Great Lakes coastal zone version rate among inqui Michigan. (4) Determine over time of perceptions (5) Issue reports and re findings and the marketi Me thodol ogy : This is a two-year longi shifts in perceptions fo target destinations in t Travelers will be sample from travel inquiries to Pre-trip and post-trip a images, attitudes and pe ut ili zed . Ra tio nal e : The Great Lakes are a un popular tourism and recr Understanding the impact visiting the Great Lakes assist the Great Lakes s communities in their eff their economic base. Few Sea Grant draw cross dis to the Great Lakes resou focusing upon the econom social, tourism and recr post-visit perceptions ravel destinations. 2) ential travel in the . 3) Estimate the con- rers to the state of the strength and stability toward coastal destinations commendations on the ng impl ica t ions . tudinal study of the llo wi ng visits to he coastal zo ne . d via phone and mail the State of Michigan, sse ssmen t of re ept io ns wil 1 be ique resource and eation attraction, s and ef f ec ts of coastal zone will tates and coastal orts to d iv er si f y agencies beyond ciplinary attention rces with research ic , biological, and ea t ion i ss ues . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no . 11 1 GARDNER, W.S. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor SPECIATION OF COMPONENTS IN DISSOLVED AND TRIBUTARY AND PARTICULATE PHOSPHORUS LAKE WATER AND SEDIMENTS Starting date: Completion date: 1985 Project no: Task 6.29 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan; Laboratory; tributaries KEYWORDS: chemistry, nutrients, phosphorus, tributaries, sediments, water quality, inorganics DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tive : To fractionate and characterize dissolved and particulate phosphorus forms in tributary and lake waters. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 112 GARDNER, W.S. ; CHANDLER, J.F.; LAIRD, G. A. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor PELAGIC MICRO FOOD WEB NITROGEN TRANSFORMATION IN LAKES MICHIGAN AND HURON Starting date : 1987 Completion date: Continuing Project no: Task 5.28 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Huron KEYWORDS: biology, bacteria, nitrogen, nutrients, inorganics, cycling, food chain DESCRIPTION: LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no 113 GARDNER, W.S.; CICHOCKI, Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, E. A. ; FREZ, W. A. ; NALEPA, Ann Arbor T. F, LIPID CONTENT AND ENERGY FLOW THROUGH PONTOPOREIA HOYI AND OTHER BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES IN LAKES MICHIGAN AND ST. CLAIR Starting date: 1984 Completion date: 1985 Project no: Task 6.37 Sponsor: NOAA AREA Great Lakes; Southern Lake Michigan; Lake St. Clair KEYWORDS: biology, benthic invertebrates, Pontoporeia, Amphipoda, lipids, biochemistry, energy flow, food chain, diet, calories, b io en erg etic s DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1) To develop m ic romethod ol og y to extract, purify, and measure lipids in individual benthic mac ro inv er tebr a tes (2) To determine lipid content and seasonal trends in P. ho yi and other important Great Lakes m ac ro inv er te- bra tes . (3) To estimate the total and ar ea- spec if ic caloric content of mac ro inv er tebra te s in Southern Lake Michigan and Lake St. Clair. (4) To estimate the importance of P. hoyi in energy transfer from detrital material to small fish (and other P. hoyi predators) in southern Lake Michigan. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no . 11 4 GARDNER, W.S. ; GAUVIN, J.M.; NALEPA, T. F. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor EFFECTS OF STARVATION ON THE PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRIENT CYCLING RATES OF PONTOPOREIA HOYI Star ting date : Comple t ion da te : Pro j ec t no : Ta sk Sponsor: NOAA AREA : Lab or ato r y 1984 Con tin uing 6. 41 KE YW OR DS : biology, benthic invertebrates, diet, starvation, lipids, physiology, nutrients, inorganics, cycling, Pontoporeia, Am phi pod a DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v e : To determine nutrient release rates and lipid content in P. hoyi on freshly collected animals and during various stages of food deprivation. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no . 11 5 GARDNER, W.S. ; NALEPA, T. F. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor NUTRIENT MINERALIZATION IN AEROBIC LAKE SEDIMENTS BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE-MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS Starting date: 1 982 Completion date: 1986 Project no: Task 6.33 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : biology, chemistry, nutrients, mineralization, aerobic, sediments, oxygen, benthic, invertebrates, bacteria, nitrogen, inorganics DESCRIPTION: Obj ec t ives : To determine nitrogen mineralization rates and the relative importance (and interactions) of benthic invertebrates and microbes to the mineralization process in aerobic lake sediments. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no . 11 6 GARDNER, W.S. ; NALEPA, T. F. ; QUIGLEY, M. A. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor TRANSFER OF PONTOPOREIA ENERGY FROM PELAGIC PH YTOPLA NKTON TO HOYI IN LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 1 /1 986 Completion date: 6/1988 Project no: Task 6.44 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan off Grand Haven, Michigan; Laboratory KEYWORDS: biology, food chain, ph yto pi an kto n , bacteria, benthic invertebrates, Pontoporeia, Amphipoda, energy flow, calories, detritus, nutrition, populations, biomass, growth, diet, lipids, sediments DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1) To examine mechanisms of energy transport from the pelagic food web to P. hoyi, the dominant benthic m ac ro inv er tebrate in the upper Great Lakes, (2) To measure caloric content and lipid composition in seasonal detrital food supplies (sediment trap material and surface sediments) potentially available to P. hoyi in Lake Michigan. (3) To determine the proportion of assimilated energy in P. hoyi that is derived from bacteria, living algae, and d etr i tus . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no . 117 GARLING, D. ; TANNER, H. Michigan - Michigan State University, East Lansing De pt . of Fisheries and Wildlife PRODUCTION OF TRIPLOID AND HYBRID C OH AND CHINOOK SALMON Starting date: 1983 Completion date: 1986 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program; Michigan Agricultural Exp. Station; American Tackle Manufacturers Association; Lowrance; and various sportsangler groups AREA: Laboratory; Great Lakes KE YW OR DS : fish, biology, growth, coho salmon, chinook salmon, genetics, salmonid, sterilization DESCRIPTION: Obj ec t ives : 1) To examine the feasibility and coho salmon for stocking i 2) To observe differences in of triploid and normal salmon Hatchery, Michigan Dept. of Na and Michigan State University 3) To observe differences in distribution of microtagged tr in the Great Lakes. Ra tio nal e : Great Lakes chinook salmon mat 4 years, return to streams to 2-3 weeks of spawning. Triplo sterile and should live longer through the degenerative proce Triploids could provide a new Great Lakes without the introd of producing triploid chinook n the Great Lakes, the growth and survival held at Wolf Lake Fish t ur al Re sources , Aquaculture Laboratory, growth, condition, and iploid salmon released ure at an age of about spawn, and die within id chinook salmon will be , grow larger, and not go sses associated with spawning. trophy salmon fishery for the uction of a new species. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref . no . 118 GEFFEN, A. ; NASH, R. Maine - Unity College, Unity Environmental Sciences Center PROLONGED RECRUITMENT OF YO UNG -OF -T HE -YEAR RAINBOW SMELT TO BOTTOM TRAWLS: MIGRATION OR CESSATION OF GROWTH Starting date: 6/01/1983 Completion date: 8/30/1985 Project no: R/LR-24, part of Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Eastern Lake Michigan; off Grand Haven; Michigan waters KEYWORDS: biology, fish, populations, otoliths, distribution, populations, growth, larval fish, movement, recruitment, rainbow smelt, predation, diet DESCRIPTION: This project was part of Project No. R/LR-24 of Magnuson and Crowder, UW-Madison. Ob j ec ti v es : ( 1 ) To examine the diet overlap of rainbow smelt of alewife and yellow perch; (2) To examine the o distribution of rainbow smelt off Grand Haven, Mi (3) To study predation rates on rainbow smelt. Met hodol ogy : Field sampling to determine the mechanisms of rec and the factors affecting year class strength and competition for food for rainbow smelt. Results : Rainbow smelt in the size range 30-55 mm were pre all samples encompassing a 12-month period. Fish sampled with bottom trawls from depths 5 to 75 m Lake Michigan. Migration into the sampling area during the summer months (July-Sept. 1983) using frequency and otolith ring counts. Between Nov. 1984, however, neither 1 engt h- fre quenc y distribut primary increment counts showed any change in the sampled. This may be explained by cessation of g increment deposition by those smelt which overwin larval stage. The advantages of this growth stra immediately apparent as predation pressure would t hi s si ze g roup . wi th that ff shore c hig an ; rui tm en t the sen t in wer e in eastern wa s ev id en t leng th- 1983 and April ions nor po pul atio n rowth and ter in the teg y are not be he av y on LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING He f . no 11 9 GERNANT, R.E. ; BURKE, CD. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Geological and Geophysical Sciences De pt . ; Kansas - Wichita State University, Wichita Geol og y De pt . PALEOECOLOGY OF LAKE MICHIGAN OSTRACODA Starting date: 1983 Completion date: 1986 Project no: Sponsor: University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee AREA: Lake Michigan; Green Bay KE YW OR DS : geology, fossils, biology, distribution, ostracods, sediment cores, sediments, historical, stratigraphy, lake stages, pal eoecol ogy , pal eol im nol ogy , populations, lake levels DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives (1 ) To e of Lake an al ysi s Os tr ac od Re sul ts : Lake Mic s ubd iv id c and onid sed iment shallow-' evenly d in shall d epo si te o str ac od Lake Mic o sc il 1 at hi stor ic a ssembl a xamine the paleoecology and bio st r atig raph y Michigan Ostracoda; (2) To utilize Fourier of the shape of both living and fossil a . higan living and fossi ed into two assemblage community that charac s from high-water stag water community consis istributed ostracods. ower , warmer water and d during periods of lo trends in the various higan Formation can be ions of lake surface e lake stage are charac ges and sediments. 1 Ostracoda can be s. The deep-water terizes Quaternary es of the Lake. The ts of highly diverse This assemblage occurs dominates ancient sediments wered lake level. Fossil subunits of the Quaternary associated with major levation. All but one terized by unique ostracod LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 98 4 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no 120 GIESY, J. Michigan - Michigan State University, East Lansing Pesticide Research Center PHOTOTOXICITY OF TO LAKE MICHIGAN POLYCYCLIC PLANKTON AROMATIC HYDROCARBON: Starting date: 2/01/198'j Completion date: 1/J1/1987 Project no: R/TS-28 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: phototoxicity, toxics, biology, chemistry, phyto pi an kto n , zooplankton, PAHs, organics, UV irradiance, water quality, synergism, additivity, light, Cladocera, green algae DESCRIPT Object 1 ) 2) 3) 4) 5) Method Labo a sse and to L Ration Whil and of d cond b io t effo this ION: i v es : Determine if photo PAH other than ant maxima in the UV a Determine the acti visible) required PAH to phytoplankt Determine the thre toxicity of PAH to c apr icornut urn . Conduct field expe experiments made u D. magna, S. capri phyto pi an kton and Test for additivit different irradian ology : ratory and field i mblages to determi zooplankton in Lak ake Michigan, al e : e a number of stud other agencies int istribution of tra ucted to determine a of the Great Lak rts of GLERL/NOAA stud y wil 1 addres toxicity is a property of hracene, which have absorbance nd UVB ranges of solar irradiance. ve waveband of irradiance (UVA, UVB, to elicit phototoxicity of different on and zooplankton. sold quantity of light required for Daphnia magna and Selenastrum riments to test predictions from nder laboratory conditions for cornutum and mixed populations of zooplankton in Lake Michigan, y and synergisms among PAH under c e cond i tions . ncubations of cultures and natural ne effects of PAH on ph y to pi an kton e Michigan or UV irradiance relevant ies have been conducted by Sea Grant o the concentrations of and dynamics ce contaminants, few studies have been the effects of these residues on the es. This study will mesh with the into the dynamics of PAH. Furthermore, s a call from the IJC Nonpoint Task LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Force into nonpoint source contaminants, which PAH are. Bene fits : This information will make it possible to assess the potential for adverse effects due to the great loadings of photosensitizing compounds to Lake Michigan Our preliminary studies indicate that under field conditions PAH are more than 1000 times more toxic than would be predicted from laboratory studies. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 121 GIESY, J. Michigan - Michigan State University, East Lansing Pesticide Research Center AMINO ACID ALTERATION AS A MEASURE OF STRESS IN GREAT LAKES BENTHOS Star ting da te : Completion date: 1986 Project no: Sponsor: NOAA/GLERL \REA: Southern Lake Michigan; Laboratory; Great Lakes KEYWORDS: amino acids, biochemistry, biology, toxics, stress, organics, Amphipoda, ol igochae tes , analytical methods, contaminants, growth, reproduction, chl oro phenol s , benthic invertebrates, bioassay, physiology DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v e : To develop a sensitive chronic stress test for freshwater invertebrates and to employ it on benthic organisms of the Great Lakes. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI NG Ref. no. 122 GIESY, J. ; ZABIK, M. J. Michigan - Michigan State University, East Lansing Pesticide Research Center EFFECTS OF MATERNAL EXPOSURE OF RAINBOW TROUT TO 2, 3, 7, 8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (TCDD) ON REPRODUCTION Starting date: 7/01/1987 Completion date: 6/30/1990 Project no: R/TS-31 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Huron; Lake Superior; Laboratory KEYWORDS: chemistry, organics, TCDD, dioxins, PCDD, PCDF, TCDF, d iben zo-p-d iox ins , d iben zof ur ans , furans, contaminants, rainbow trout, salmonid, mortality, toxics, reproduction, chinook salmon, lake trout, steelhead, biology, bioassay, fish, eggs, analytical methods, pattern recognition DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : 1. Determine the dose and fry from adult fern ecologically relevant 2, 3,7,8-tetrachlorodib 2. This information, concentration of 2,3»7 fishes from the Great assessment to determin and potential future c 3. For 3 species of f steelhead) in Lakes Hu Determine the isomer g PCDF's (C14-C18); TCDD 4. Examine the use of sources and background pattern recognition to background concentrati Great Lakes fish eggs. Methodology : Eggs and tissues from and Superior will be c Commercial Fisheries. ODS with methanol elue similar species from P degree of chlorination -leth ale r water en zo- in co ,8-TC Lakes e the oncen ish ( ron , roup ' s an i som cone the ons o al ity r el a ainbow tro borne cone p-dioxin ( n j unction DD in eggs , will be hazard pr trations o chinook , 1 Michig an , ratios for d TCDF's i er group r en tr ations d istr ibut i f d iox ins tionship for eggs ut exposed to entrations of 2, 3,7,8-TCDD) . with the of salmonid used in a hazard esently existing f 2, 3,7,8-TCDD. ake trout , and and Superior: PCDD' s (C14-C18 ) ; n fish and fish eggs atios: to identify and employ on , source , and and furans in salmonids from Lakes Huron, Michigan, ollected by MDNR, U.S.F.W.S., and the Reversed phase HPLC on Zorbax nt will separate chemically CDF's and separates CDD's by Isomers in the HPLC fractions LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G will be measured by GC/MS and interp recognition techniques. Adult, 200 will be exposed to waterborne concen 5.0x10-3, 5.0x10-2 and 0.1 mg 3H-lab per liter for one year. Concentrati tissues of the adult fish as well as mortality will be determined. Rational e : Polychlor inated dib en zo-p-diox ins (P d iben zo fur an s (PCDF) result from man are widespread in the environment, extremely toxic to fish. Dose-respo needed to be able to assess the haza to fish eggs and fry, where they ten This study will mesh with the effort the dynamics of PAH. Furthermore, t a call from I JC Nonpoint Task Force into nonpoint source contaminants, s d iben zof ur ans . reted using pattern g, rainbow trout trations of elled 2,3,7, 8-TCDD ons of TCDD in the eggs and fry and CDD) and pol yc hi or inated y human activities and These compounds can be nse relationships are rd of these compounds d to be concentrated, s of GLERL/NOAA into his study will address to initiate more studies uch as d iox in s and LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 123 GLASS, G. ; SORENSON, J. Minnesota - U.S. EPA Environmental Research Lab, Duluth VARIATIONS IN CONDITIONS AFFECTING POLLUTANT REACTIVITY IN OPEN WATERS OF THE GREAT LAKES: IMPLICATION FOR SUSCEPTIBILITY Starting date: 1985 Completion date: 1986 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: U.S. EPA - Duluth AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: chemistry, fate, pathways, toxics, organics, pollutants, model, water quality, contaminants, behavior DESCRIPTION: Nuisance growths, fishery loss and trophic state presently define pollution control measures for the Great Lakes but evidence of toxic impacts from persistent substances is increasing. Eleven of the priority pollutants identified by the IJC are of this type and have substantial inputs from diffuse and airborne sources. Control of these polluting substances will require specific information defining source regions, processes and mechanisms controlling their deposition and dispersion, and in-lake impacts. Differences in impacts may exist for Great Lakes' waters due to differences in inputs, hydrology, trophic status and pollutant reactivity. This project has examined the properties of the open waters to define the conditions controlling the reactivity of persistent substances. Measurements of physical and chemical properties show important differences in reactivity conditions such as temperature, viscosity, ionic strength and mobility, ion concentration and related factors. The general basis for pollutant reactivity indicates potential for significant differences in impact susceptibility across the Great La kes . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 124 GORDEN, R. ; HORNS, W. Illinois - Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign SPORTFISHING CREEL CENSUS OF THE ILLINOIS PORTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date; 2/01/1985 Completion date: 4/30/1989 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Illinois Dept. of Conservation AREA: Illinois waters of Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: recreation, biology, creel census, sport fishing, fish, management, salmonid, lake trout, coho salmon, chinook salmon, rainbow trout, brown trout, yellow perch DESCRIPTION: The creel survey covers all sport fishing in the Illinois waters of Lake Michigan, with the exception of charter-boat fishing. The following components of the sport fishery are covered: summer fishing (including pedestrian angling, fishing from launched boats kept at moorings), smelt fishing, snagging, and winter fishing (including ice fishing and fishing in power plant discharge areas). The general intent of the project is to provide reliable estimates of sport fishing activity, sport fish harvest, expenditures for sport fishing, and the quality of sport fishing. The first year of the continuing creel survey ended 1 April 1986. It was estimated that 1.3 million yellow perch, 120,000 coho salmon, and over 50,000 chinook salmon were caught by Illinois anglers (excluding charter boat fi shing) . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 125 GORDEN, R. ; HORNS, W. Illinois - Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign YELLOW PERCH GROWTH IN SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 7/01/1986 Completion date: 6/30/1988 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Illinois De pt . of Conservation AREA: Illinois waters of Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: biology, yellow perch, fish, growth, populations, distribution, abundance, size DESCRIPTION: This research attempts to determine whether the yellow perch growth rate is reduced when the species is abundant. Yellow perch abundance has fluctuated widely over the past 30 years. Today this species is abundant, sustaining both sport and commercial fishing in Illinois and neighboring states. The U.S.F.W.S. reported that there has been an apparent decline in growth associated with the increase in numbers. If growth is strongly influenced by abundance, then management restrictions on sport and commercial harvests can influence the size of fish available to anglers and commercial f i shermen . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 126 GRANT -NORPAC, INC. Texas - Gr an t-No r pac , Inc., Houston REGIONAL GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS OF THE GREAT LAKES Starting d ate : 1984 Comple t ion da te : 1985 Pro j ec t no • Spo nso r : Gr an t- Norpac , Inc AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Lake Huron; Lake Ontario; Lake Er ie KEYWORDS: geology, geophysical, mapping, magnetic data sa tel 1 ite , DESCRIPTION: Regional geophysical surveys were conducted on the Great Lakes using satellite data and Loran-C navigation. Gravity data were aquired utilizing an air/sea Lacoste and Romberg gravity meter. A geometric magnetometer with tow cable and sensor was utilized to aquire all magnetic data. Over 2280 miles of data available. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI NG Ref. no. 127 GREEN, A. ; BEHRENDT, J. Ontario - Geol. Surv. Canada, Ottawa Colorado - U.S. Geological Survey, Denver DEEP SEISMIC SURVEY IN THE GREAT LAKES Starting date: 1986 Completion date: Continuing Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Geol. Surv. Canada; U.S. Geological Survey AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Lake Huron KEYWORDS: geology, geophysical, seismic surveys, mapping DESCRIPTION: The Great Lakes Intern Program on Crustal Evolutio concerned with resolving th mid-continent. In Septembe contract, GLIMPCE collected reflection data from Lakes Superior. Complementary se recorded by five lake botto than thirty land-based stat will be available to intere ational Mul tid isc ipl inar y n (GLIMPCE) is primarily e crustal structure of the r 1986, through commercial 1350 km of deep seismic Huron, Michigan, and ismic refraction data were m seismographs and by more ions. The GLIMPCE survey sted users in 1987. -152- LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 128 GREENE, G.M.; CLITES, A. H. ; CAMPBELL, J. E. ; BENNETT, J. R. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor VERIFICATION OF ICE TRANSPORT MODEL Star ting date : Completion date: 1985 Proj ec t no : Task 8. 14 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes; Lake Erie KEYWORDS: model, ice, physical, transport, motion, thickness DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : 1) To measure ice cover motion and thickness for use in calibrating and verifying the Great Lakes ice dynamics simulation model. 2) To provide descriptive information on ice transport and transport processes in the central and eastern basins of Lake Erie -153- LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no . 129 HANSEL, A.; MICKELSON, D. ; SCHNEIDER, A.; LARSEN, C. Illinois - Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Geology and Geophysics De pt . ; Wisconsin - University of Wi scon sin-Par kside , Kenosha; Virginia - U.S. Geological Survey, Reston LATE WISCONSINAN AND HOLOCENE HISTORY LAKE MICHIGAN BASIN OF THE Starting date: 1 982 Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Illinois State Geological Survey; University of Wisconsin-Madison; University of Wi scon sin-Par kside AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: geology, historical, lake levels, glacial, lake stages, carbon-1 1, dating DESCRIPTION: This project is examining the lake chronology in the Lake Michigan basin. Mechanisms of lake level changes, relationships of glacial and lake events, and the effect of differential isostatic are being studied. rebound on the lake history -154- LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 130 HARRIS, H. J. ; Wisconsin - Sea Grant Wisconsin - Wisconsin - Sea Grant KUBIAK, T. J. ; TRICK, J. A. University of Wisconsin, Green Bay In st i tute ; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Green Bay; University of Wisconsin, Green Bay In st i tute THE ROLE OF M IC ROC ONTAM IN A NTS FAILURE OF FORSTER'S TERNS ON IN THE REPRODUCTIVE GREEN BAY Starting date: 1983 Completion date: 1985 Proj ect no : R/GB-21 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Green Bay Metropolitan Sewerage District AREA: Green Bay; Lake Michigan; Lake Po yg an KEYWORDS: birds, biology, physiology, organics, PCBs , PCDD, PC DF , TCDD, dioxins, furans, toxics, contaminants, eggs, terns, r eprod uc tio n DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec tiv es : To determine if reproductiv terns on lower Green Bay wa colony on Lake Po yg an . If they be associated with kno i ,e ., PCBs , PCDD, PC DF . Results : 1. There was a clear impai capacity of Forster's t 2. There was no indication from either Green Bay o 3. The biological paramete known effects of 2, 3t 7, g en er al 1 y . 4. Evidence from artificia one to conclude that im Forster's terns on Gree (intrinsic) effects. 5. Extrinsic factors relat also responsible for re Forster's tern on Green 6. There were significantl 2, 3, 7,8-TCDD, HCDD, tot PCBs and total PCBs in e success of the Forster's s different from an inland differences were observed, could wn effects of chemical toxicants rment of the reproductive erns nesting on Green Bay in 1983. of virological disease in eggs r Lake Po yg an . rs tested appear consistent with 8-TCDD, its isoteres and/or PCBs 1 incubation experiments leads paired reproduction of the n Bay is due in part to embryotoxic ed to parental atten ti v en ess are productive impairment of the Bay . y higher concentrations of al PCDDs, total non-ortho, ortho' Forster's tern eggs from Green Bay -155- LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING than from Lake Poygan. 7. Dioxins, PCBs and other cytochrome P448-active compounds which have not been characterized, should not be discounted as causative factors in the reproductive impairment of nesting Forster's terns on Green Bay. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no . 131 HARRIS, H.J.; MCLAUGHLIN, D. B. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin, Green Bay Sea Grant Institute AQUATIC INSECT EMERGENCE PATTERN IN TWO GREAT LAKES COASTAL MARSHES Star ting date : Completion date: 1985 Project no: Sponsor: Sponsor Not Known AREA: Green Bay; Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: biology, wetlands, abundance, composition, biomass, macrophytes, food chain, populations, invertebrates, damselflies, botany, vegetation, insects DESCRIPTION: This study e insects in two Gr and biomass of in in summer , 1 984 w o pen wa ter , spar s meadow. Prelimin was nearly 60% gr at least 100% gre produced the grea occurred in spars Damselflies ( Co en biomass and were the undiked marsh food chains can v also among marsh xamines trends in the emergence o een Bay marshes. The abundance, sects emerging from a diked and u as assessed. Four cover types we e and dense persistent emergents, ary analysis shows that total ins eater in the diked marsh. Total ater . Of the four cover types, s test number of insects. Greatest e and dense emergent cover in bot agrionidae) had the greatest infl abundant in the diked marsh but v This study shows that the natu ary cosiderably, not only among m c ov er types . f aquatic compo si tio n , ndiked marsh r e sampl ed : and wet ect abundance biomass was parse emergents b iomass h m ar she s . uenc eon er y rare in re of wetland ar she s , b ut LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 132 HARRIS, H. J. ; RICHMAN, S. ; SAGER, P. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin, Green Bay Sea Grant Institute; Wisconsin - Lawrence University, Appleton Biol ogy Dept . ; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin, Green Bay Dept. of Science and Environmental Change CONTRIBUTION OF MARSHLANDS TO THE GREEN BAY PELAGIC FOOD CHAIN Starting date: 9/01/1982 Completion date: 8/31/1985 Project no: R/GB-18 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Green Bay; Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : wetlands, organic carbon, food chain, zooplankton, botany, nutrients, ph yto pi ankton , primary production, inorganics, biology, chemistry, seiche, detritus, nitrogen, cycling, phosphorus, particulates, transport, zooplankton grazing DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec tiv es : To determine what portion of the primary production of the Green Bay coastal marshes is exported to the off-shore waters, as well as the form (dissolved or particulate carbon) in which it is transported and the temporal pattern of the export; if the exported, parti- culate detritus from the marshes is a suitable food source for the major zooplankton species of the bay; and what the nature of the nutrient (P and N) flux between the marshes and the off- shore waters consists of. Method ology : Use automatic sampler during seiche periods measured with water level recorder; analyze N and P compounds on auto- an aly zer ; use carbon analyzer; perform zooplankton feeding experiments with Coulter Counter interfaced to microcomputer. -158- LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no 133 HARTMAN, W. Michigan - National Fisheries Center - Great Lakes, Ann Arbor PERFORMANCE OF THREE STRAINS OF LAKE TROUT STOCKED IN A REFUGE--LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date : 10/1 985 Completion date: 9/1990 Pro j ec t no : Spo nso r : U.S. Fi sh and Wildlife Service AREA: Northern Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: biology, lake trout, fish, rehabilitation, spawning, reefs, habitat, refuge, management, stocking, fish strains, populations, dispersal, growth, survival, temperature, diet, salmonid, mortality, reproduction DESCRIPTION: To ascertain whether a refuge might permit the buildup of a large spawning stock of lake trout, and to determine which of several strains might perform best in Lake Michigan, the Lake Michigan Committee (GLFC) has established a large refuge in the northern part of the lake that will be stocked intensively in spring 1986 with yearling lake trout of three strains. Systematic sampling each year with trawls and gillnets is necessary to collect data on dispersal, growth, survival, depth, and temperature preference, and diet for each str a in . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UIN G Ref. no. 134 HATCH, R.W. ; BROWN, E. Michigan - National Fisheries Center - Great Lakes, Ann Arbor SIZE, PRODUCTIVITY, AND HARVESTABLE SURPLUS OF GREAT LAKES FISH STOCKS Starting date: 197 9 Completion date: Continuing Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Lake Huron KEYWORDS: fish, biology, lake trout, chub, whitefish, populations, management, biomass, salmonid, commercial fishing DESCRIPTION: This work unit provides sophisticated tech- nical assistance in data analysis and population dynamics to and in collaboration with state and provincial DNRs, tribes, etc., for estimating the productivity of selected fish resources and their potential harvestable surplus. Since 1979, and continuing into the foreseeable future, the primary responsibility has been the lead role in working with MDNR and the tribes in annually collecting, collating, and analyzing data on major stocks of lake trout, chubs, and whitefish in Treaty-ceded waters of the upper Great Lakes, State of Michigan. This results in annual estimates of population sizes, determination of the status of the stocks, and produces recommendations for harvestable surpluses for the upcoming year. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 135 HATCH, R.W.; ECK, G. ; BROWN, E. Michigan - National Fisheries Center - Great Lakes, Ann Arbor MAXIMUM SUSTAINABLE PREDATION ON PREY-FISH STOCKS (GREAT LAKES) Starting date: 1983 Completion date: 1990 Project no: Sponso r : U.S. Fi sh and Wildlife Service AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Huron; Lake Ontario KE YW OR DS : model, fish, biology, salmonid, lake trout, salmon, predation, forage fish, populations, alewife, smelt, sculpin, diet, management DESCRIPTION: Comprehensive analytical i allowable predation in the Grea of great value to management ag to those having jurisdiction ov Huron, and Ontario, where large are being maintained almost ent The purpose of this work unit i models as well as conventional predation is considered analogo the effects of changing levels (1) on Lake Michigan alewife po composite forage population of sculpins in Lake Michigan, and populations in Lakes Huron and nformation on total t Lakes would be encies, particularly er Lakes Michigan, salmonid populations irely by hatchery stocking s to use simulation fishing models, where us to fishing, to project of salmonid predation pulations, (2) on the alewives, smelt, and (3) on composite forage Mic hig an . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 98 4 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no . 136 HAWLEY, N. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF SUSPENDED PARTICLES Star ting date : Compl etio n d ate : Project no: Task Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes Co ntinuing 3. 12 KEYWORDS: physical, particle size, particulates, suspended sediment, water quality DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : (1) Develop statistical techniques which permit the quantitative characterization of suspended particle populations based on: a. Par ticl e- si ze distribution b. Particle composition as a function of size (2) Use these techniques to quantify differences in suspended populations. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 137 HAWLEY, N. ; EADIE, B. J.; ROBBINS, J. A. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor INVESTIGATION OF BENTHIC BOUNDARY LAYER SAMPLING TECHNIQUES Starting date: Completion date: 6/1985 Project no: Task 3.13 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: physical, benthic boundary layer, sampling, sediments, water quality, chemistry DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : (1) To test existing equipment which sample in the bottom boundary layer. (2) To use the data obtained to provide guidelines for the design of new instruments. (3) To develop a coherent plan for future work in the bottom boundary layer. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 138 HAWLEY, N. ; ROBBINS, J. A.; BELL, G. L. ; EADIE, B.J. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN THE VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSPORT OF SHORT-LIVED RADIONUCLIDES Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Project no: Task 3.11 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: model, transport, physical, chemistry, particulates, radionuclides, flux, sediments, seasonal, water quality, lead-210, cesium, polonium, beryllium DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec tiv es : (1) To determine seasonal variations in the vertical distribution of particulate and dissolved short-lived ( ber yll ium-7 , polonium-2 1 ) , as well as long-lived (lead-210, cesium-137) radionuclides in the open lake. (2) To determine seasonal variations in the vertical distributions of the flux of these radionuclides. (3) To determine seasonal variations in the distribution and storage of these radionuclides in sediment underlying the sampling site. (4) To provide an experimental basis for development of whole lake and vertical transport models (Task 3.7). .AKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no 139 UEBERLEIN, T.A. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Rural Sociology RECREATIONAL BOATING AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT: \ COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF BOATERS ACROSS riME (1975-85) AND LOCATION (BAYFIELD AND DOOR COUNTIES) Starting date: 9/01/1984 Completion date: 8/31/1987 Project no: R/PS-34 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA : Wisconsin waters; Bayfield County; Door County; Green Bay; Lake Michigan; Lake Superior KEYWORDS: sociology, marketing, economics, marinas, leisure studies, recreation, boating , survey DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : To (1) describe how 1975 Ba yf ield- ar ea recreational boaters have changed their boating activity over the last decade and what factors influenced these changes; (2) compare 1985 and 1975 Ba yf ield- ar ea boaters to determine how use of the area has changed and what the needs and preferences of the 1985 boater are; (3) compare boater populations in Bayfield and Door Counties in terms of recreation experiences sought, economic impact, recruitment into boating and to the area; (4) use these data for specific policy analysis for the National Park Service, State of Wisconsin, charter boat operations and marina operations. Me thod ol og y : Mailed 1,500 questionnaires to three visitor samples: 1975 Bayfield area boaters (500); 1985 Bayfield area boaters (500), and 1985 Door Peninsula area boaters (500). Anticipated than 80%. Samples derived response rate: more past surveys and on Accompl i shments : Field sampled 1,217 Door County boaters; si te sampl ing . Lake Superior boaters and 973 74% of the 1975 boaters located. Two questionnaires constructed, pretested mailed to 800 respondents. and LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 140 HEBERT, P.D.N. ; BILLINGTON, N. Ontario - University of Windsor, Windsor Great Lakes Institute Dept. of Biological Sciences DISCRIMINATION OF FISH STOCKS USING MITOCHONDRIAL DNA Starting date: 11/1986 Completion date: 10/1989 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council AREA: or: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Lake Michigan; Lake Ontario; Lake Huron; Lake Erie; Lake Superior; Canadian inland lakes; U.S. inland lakes; Laboratory KEYWORDS: biology, fish, lake trout, salmonid, genetics, DNA, walleye DESCRIPTION: Cloned mtDNA will be used to probe mtDNA in total DNA live fish. Mitochondrial DNA markers will be bred into hatchery fish and these fish used in introduction experiments. The final goal will be to engineer specific genetic markers and introduce them into the mtDNA molecule of fish, enabling ownership to be established, when these fish are released into the wild. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 141 HESS, R. Illinois - Illinois Dept. of Conservation, Chicago Lake Michigan Program FISHERIES SURVEYS AND STUDIES ON LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Illinois Dept. of Conservation AREA: Southern Lake Michigan; Illinois waters KEYWORDS: biology, fish, chub, lake trout, salmonid, mortality, gill netting, yellow perch, monitoring, rainbow trout, sport fishing, commercial fishing, creel census DESCRIPTION: The Lake Michigan Program includes an annual array of lake surveys: bloater chub, yellow perch, lake trout, salmonids. In addition, a sport fishing creel census is conducted with the INHS (see Gorden, R. ; Horns, W.). Also, studies are being conducted with experimental gill nets in an effort to reduce catch and mortality of trout and salmon caught in such nets which are set for yellow perch and bloater chubs; also monitoring the catches of floy-tagged rainbow trout which were released in summer; also monitoring the charter boat and commercial catches from Illinois waters. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref. no. 142 HESS, R. ; VIDAL, P.; TRUDEAU, T. Illinois - Illinois Dept. of Conservation, Chicago Lake Michigan Program LAKE TROUT INVESTIGATIONS Starting date: 7/01/1984 Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Illinois Dept. of Conservation AREA: Southern Lake Michigan; Illinois waters; Waukegan; Jul ian ' s Reef KEYWORDS: biology, fish, lake trout, monitoring, spawning, reproduction, r ee f s DESCRIPTION: Lake Superior and Lake Seneca strains (marked fish) are released annually at Julian's Reef. Annual monitoring of stock status off Waukegan and spawning status at Julian's Reef . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 98 4 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 143 HESSELBERG, R. ; HICKEY, J. Michigan - National Fisheries Center - Great Lakes, Ann Arbor SURVEILLANCE OF CONTAMINANTS IN GREAT LAKES FISHES Starting date: 1977 Completion date: Continuing Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; International Joint Commission; U.S. EPA - Great Lakes National Program Office AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Lake Huron; Lake Erie; Lake Ontario KEYWORDS: contaminants, toxics, fish, biology, water quality, organics, DDT, PCBs , dieldrin, toxaphene, chlordane, lake trout, walleye, monitoring, chemistry, org anochlor ine pesticides, inorganics INSCRIPTION: This work cover performed under coop in fulfillment of th Great Lakes Fish-Con as coordinated by th Also included are co U.S.F.W.S. National Program. The U.S. p Program consists of samples of 2 species in the Great Lakes a major contaminants i U.S. EPA (trend moni quality assurance an samples of the large other detectable org (new contaminant ide s monitorin erative agr e U. S. /Cana taminant Su e IJC Surve operative e Con t amin ant ortion oft the GLFL an of fish fr nd Lake St. n 120 compo toring). T alysis and st predator anic and in n ti f icat ion g and research activities eement with U.S. EPA dian "International rveillance Program" illance Subcommittee, fforts with the Biomoni tor ing he International nually collecting om each of 6 locations Clair, with analysis of site samples by the he GLFL further performs analyzes composite y fish collected for organic contaminants ). LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI NG Ref . no . 144 HOKANSON, K. ; LIEN, G. J. Minnesota - U.S. EPA Research Laboratory, Duluth EFFECTS OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN OVA UPON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF LARVAL WALLEYE FROM THE LOWER FOX RIVER AND STURGEON BAY AREA GREEN BAY, WISCONSIN OF Starting date: Compl etio n d ate : Project no: Sponsor: U.S. EPA 4/1 983 12/1 986 AREA: Green Bay; Fox River; Sturgeon Bay; Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: biology, fish, walleye, reproduction, eggs, organics, larval fish, chemistry, toxics, mortality, water quality, survival, growth, contaminants DESCRIPTION: Estimates of growth and mortality of walleye larvae were made using ova obtained from parent fish collected at contaminated sites (i.e., lower Fox River and Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin) and unc ontam in ated (i.e. Chippewa Flowage, Wisconsin). Walleye embryos and larvae from each source were reared in Lake Superior water under similar thermal regimens. Measurements were made on their growth and survival the first 3 weeks after hatching. Several lines of biological evidence suggest that contaminants are affecting reproduction of the Green Bay stock of walleye. Mortality of larvae was highest in the post-larvae I phase of development when the larvae begin to feed and have resorbed the yolk sac. A negative correlation between larval survival and female weight from all sources combined (r = 0.847) also suggests a contaminant problem. Additionally, lower survival of walleye larvae (i.e. post-larvae I) from contaminated sites compared to control stock provided evidence of a contaminant problem. Fish from the lower Fox River (i.e. 72.6%) and Sturgeor Bay (i.e. 58.6%) had lower survival than the controls (i.e. 90.4? in the post-larvae I phase of development. In this sensitive phase of development, Sturgeon Bay fish (i.e. 24. 01 %/day) grew slightly faster than those from the lower Fox River (20.70%/day) or the control site (2 0. 72%/da y) . Overall larval survival varied from 35-87% and survival of larvae from smaller females was good at all sites which suggests that contaminants alone are not responsible for total recruitment failure. Observed biological effects will be correlated to org anoc hi or in e compounds in fish and ova samples. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -C ONTINU ING Ref. no. 145 HOLM, N.P. Illinois - Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign Stratigraphy and Surficial Geology Section LAKE MICHIGAN RESEARCH INFORMATION DATABASE Starting date: 11/01/1986 Completion date: 10/31/1987 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: The Joyce Foundation AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: review, management, bibliography, survey, research needs, d a tabase DESCRIP Michi Illin Dept . and C has a compu cov er 1 imno manag of al be us commu Lake TION This gan ois of onse How The ter i ing logy emen 1 of This eful n i t i Mich proj Scopi Sc ien Na tur rv at i ed th ob j ec zed b resea , atm t , an the data to t es in igan . ec t w ng St tif ic al Re on . e dat tives ibl io rch i osphe d (2) curre base he Gr rev i as be udy j Surv sourc Fund i abase of t graph n bio r ic s to c nt re of pr eat L ewing gun in 1 ointly u eys and es , Boar ng from to be c his proj y of pub logy, ch c iences , ompil e a search p o j ec ts a akes pub and coo 984 a nd er t spons d of the J on tin ec t a 1 icat emist soci comp ro j ec nd pu lie a rd ina s par aken ored Na tur oyce ued a re ( 1 ions ry, g o-eco uteri ts on bl ica nd sc ting t of th by the by the al Reso Found at nd upda ) to de on Lake eology , nom ics , zed lis Lake M t ions s ien ti f i resear c e Lake three 111 inois urces ion ted . v elop a Michigan physical and ting ichigan . hould c h on LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 146 HOLM, N. P. ; MORGAN, B. Illinois - Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign Stratigraphy and Surficial Geology Section GREAT LAKES LAKE TROUT RESEARCH INVENTORY Starting date: 2/01/1987 Completion date: 7/31/1987 Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Great Lakes Fishery Commission AREA: Great Lakes; other U.S. lakes; other Canadian lakes KE YW OR DS : biology, fish, lake trout, survey, review, management, database DESCRIPTION: This project will compile a computerized listing of current research projects on lake trout in the Great Lakes region. This will aid the Great Lakes Fishery Commission in its efforts to better define and coordinate research and management of lake trout. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 147 -IORNS, W. ; GORDEN, R. Illinois - Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign SOURCE, FATE, AND ABUNDANCE OF LAKE TROUT EGGS ON JULIAN'S REEF Starting date: 7/01/1986 Completion date: 6/30/1988 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Illinois De pt . of Conservation kREA: Julian's Reef; Illinois waters of Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : biology, fish, lake trout, eggs, larval fish, substrate, spawning, rehabilitation, reefs, habitat, sampling DESCRIPTION: This project will examine whether mature lake trout observed aggregating on Julian's Reef are depositing eggs on the reef, whether eggs are deposited on suitable substrates, and what percentage of the deposited eggs survive to emergence. This study should help to evaluate the lake trout stocking strategy. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no . 148 HORRALL, R. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Marine Studies Center ARTIFICIAL IMPRINTING OF TECHNIQUE LAKE TROUT AS A REHABILITATION Starting date: 9/01/1986 Completion date: 8/31/1989 Proj ec t no : R/LR-34 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Lake Michigan; Wisconsin fish hatcheries KEYWORDS: biology, fish, lake trout, reefs, imprinting, rehabilitation, spawning, reproduction, homing DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : To ( 1 ) ex am in and decoy tec ex ist ing lake the potential besides phene (3) determine and other sel develop techn attract impri Met hodol ogy : Ar ti f ic ial im tec hni ques , t simulations o "Y" mazes and impr in tan ts . Ra t ion ale : Presently, ha stocked into succ essf ul 1 y . techniques in may lead to i si tes , which development o Accomplishments Manuscript on trout is in p e the feasibility of artificial imprinting hniques to increase the effectiveness of the trout rehabilitation program; (2) evaluate of several natural and synthetic substances, thyl alcohol, for use as artificial imprintants; the degradation chemistry for phenethyl alcohol ected imprintants in aquatic systems; (4) iques for scenting reefs to more effectively n ted fi sh . printing (in hatcheries) and decoy (in lakes) he use of chemosensory imprintants, computer f odor plumes, experimental hatcheries, development of constant release devices for tc her y-rear ed yearling lake trout being the Great Lakes are not reproducing The introduction of artificial imprinting to current hatchery and stocking programs ncreased homing to traditional spawning will enhance natural reproduction and the f self-sustaining stocks. • artificial olfactory imprinting of lake rogress . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref. no. 149 HORRALL, R. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Marine Studies Center STUDIES ON THE EARLY LIFE HISTORY AND RECRUITMENT OF FERAL AND NATIVE LAKE TROUT, WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON EXPERIMENTALLY PLANTED EGGS AND ALEVINS two experimental to study the trout which have Starting date: 9/01/1985 Completion date: 8/31/1989 Project no: R/LR-32 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Black Can Reef; Clay Banks; Gull Island Shoal KEYWORDS: fish, spawning, reefs, biology, reproduction, recruitment, lake trout, eggs, life history, al ev in s , larval fish, imprinting, fish strains DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To (1) continue to operate lake trout hatcheries; (2) early life history of lake been experimentally planted on traditional reefs as alevins or as eggs; (3) to study the early life history of native (Gull Island Shoal) and feral (Clay Banks-Black Can) populations of lake trout; (4) to study the behavior of lake trout alevins and fry in the laboratory; (5) to continue to study site imprinting mechanisms in yo ung la ke tro ut . Me thod ol og y : Techniques include observations by scuba divers, underwater TV, netting gear ("spider" nets, trawls, emergence traps), experimental hatcheries, laboratory aquarium experiments, Y-maze experiments and the use of a very large indoor tank . Ra tio nal e : Presently, early life history information on lake trout (egg through yearling stages) is inadequate for testing hypotheses concerning the reproductive failure of planted hatchery- reared fish. The early life history of lake trout will be studied in order to better LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING understand the process of recruitment occurring in native vs. feral stocks. Ac complishraents: The Kewaunee and Milwaukee experimental lake trout hatcheries have been filled with 2.2 million eggs of four strains (fall 1985). Preparations are being made to use the Ashland well house for swim-up fry experiments and for the spring (1986) al ev in plants on Horseshoe Reef. Ben ef i ts : The Great Lakes Fishery Commission and other state and federal agencies charged with lake trout rehabilitation will benefit from the information obtained by this research, the research should provide basic information leading to management decisions that may speed up the development of self-sustaining lake trout stocks in the Great Lakes. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no . 1 50 HORRALL, R. ; KEILLOR , P. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Marine Studies Center Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Sea Grant Institute FACTORS INFLUENCING THE R EESTABLIS HM ENT OF SELF- SUSTAINING STOCKS OF LAKE TROUT IN LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 3/01/1978 Completion date: 8/31/1985 Project no: R/GB-07 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: fish, biology, reproduction, reefs, imprinting, bioassay, behavior, spawning, lake trout, water quality, rehabilitation, larval fish, eggs, homing, survival DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1 ) To operate two experiment to bioassay egg and fry survi behavior and methods of plant sac fry for rehabilitating la (2) Study homing behavior of on offshore reefs in Green Ba and (3) Identify the critical for site imprinting and acces of artificial imprinting in t Methodology : Techniques include artificial phenethyl alcohol decoy sites lake trout hatcheries, curren an al ysi s . Ra t ion ale : This project is designed to i possible reasons for the fail reproduce successfully in Lak those relating to the behavio site selection, to different environmental factors influen Accomplishments : Incubated over 1.8 million la strains in two hatcheries; af fry for behavioral and imprin studies and for experimental al lake trout hatcheries v al , study fry ing eggs and/or ke trout on reefs ; lake trout planting y and Lake Michigan; period in lake trout s the effectiveness he trout . ly imprinting lake trout, , trap nets, experimental t and temperature nvestigate some of the ure of lake trout to e Michigan - particularly ral mechanisms of spawning stocking methods and to c ing spawn ing . ke trout eggs from several ter hatching, used alevins and ting and m ic rocon tarn in an t stocking on reefs to study -177- LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING natural imprinting, natal homing and rehabilitation techniques; completed analysis on curr en t- temperature meter data from three traditional lake trout spawning reefs; published research on the history of brood stocks and the strategy for the use of lake trout strains. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN U ING Ref. no. 151 HUBBLE, M. Illinois - Illinois De pt . of Conservation, Springfield ILLINOIS WETLANDS INVENTORY Star ting date : 1 984 Completion date: Continuing Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Illinois De pt . of Conservation AREA: Illinois counties along Lake Michigan shoreline KE YW OR DS : biology, wetlands, management, aerial photography, ma pping , s urvey DESCRIPTION: This inventory of the wetland areas along the Illinois shoreline is part of a larger ongoing project conducting an inventory of wetlands in the entire state. The inventory is being done using aerial photography. A field manual is now under preparation. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING He f . no . 1 52 HUMPHREY, H. Michigan - Michigan De pt . of Public Health, Lansing EVALUATION OF FISH FOR PUBLIC HEALTH ADVISORY UPDATE Star ting date : 1935 Completion date: 1985 Pro j ec t no : Spon sor : U. S. E PA AREA: Michigan rivers that lead into Lake Michigan and other Great Lakes; tributaries the KEYWORDS: biology, fish, human consumption, toxics, PCBs , human health, tributaries, organics, chemistry DESCRIPTION: The CEHS analytical laboratory will evaluate the presence of organic chemical contaminants in 100 fish collected from rivers which have fish consumption advisories in an effort to determine whether or not such advisories need to be continued or mod if ied . 18J- LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 153 HUMPHREY, H. ; JACOBSEN, J. Michigan - Michigan De pt . of Public Health, Lansini Michigan - Wayne State University, Detroit EFFECTS OF PBB AND PCB PRE AND POST NATAL EXPOSURE ON CHILDREN Star ting date : Completion date: Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: National 1934 1 987 Institute of Health (NIEHS) AREA: Laboratory KE YW OR DS : biology, fish, human consumption, toxics, human health, organics PCBs , PBBs DESCRIPTION: A collaborative research project which links the Michigan PBB exposed (from contaminated dairy products) cohort and PCB exposed (from eating Lake Michigan sport-caught fish) cohort and data base with experts in child behavior and development. The work allows the opportunity to evaluate whether or not PBB or PCB exposure results in subtle differences in a child's development, abilities or behavior and le arn ing . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no . 154 INDIANA DEPT. OF ENVIRON. MGMT. ; U. S. EPA - REGION V Indiana - Indiana De pt . of Environmental Management, Indianapolis; Illinois - U.S. EPA - Region V, Chicago NORTHWEST INDIANA ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN Starting date: Completion date: Continuing Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Indiana De pt . of Environmental Management; U.S. EPA - Region V AREA: Indiana; Grand Calumet River; Indiana Harbor Canal; Southern Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: toxics, chemistry, management, waste disposal, water quality, biology, crayfish, invertebrates, b io ace urn ul atio n , point source, nonpoint source, pollutants, sediments, vegetation, fish, loading, sediment traps, contaminants, atmospheric, inorganics, organics, tributaries, discharge, metals, monitoring, air quality, abatement DESCRIPTION: The Northwest Indiana Environmental Action Plan is a comprehensive plan which encompasses all programmatic efforts into the full range of ongoing regulatory and investigative activities. Water quality, air quality, and hazardous waste problems will be addressed. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 155 JANSSEN, J. ; SAVITZ, J. Illinois - Loyola University of Chicago Biol ogy De pt . FOOD HABITS OF LAKE MICHIGAN SALMONIDS IN ILLINOIS WATERS Starting date: 6/01/1983 Completion date: 4/30/1987 Project no: R/F-03 Sponsor: Illinois/Indiana Sea Grant Program AREA: Illinois waters; Southern Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : fish, lake trout, diet, biology, salmonid, predation, prey, coho salmon, chinook salmon, forage fish DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To (1) determine diet composition of salmonids in the Illinois waters of Lake Michigan on a seasonal and locale basis; (2) determine the relationship between predator size and prey size for the various salmonids; (3) determine condition factors for predators and prey; (4) compare stomach contents with previous studies and concurrent studies for Wisconsin, Michigan, and Indiana waters of Lake Michigan. Met hods : Sample salmonid stomach contents at least 3 weekends a month at Waukegan, Burnham, Chicago and Evanston Harbors from the end of April until at least mid-Sept. Stomach samples will be preserved in formalin and analyzed in the lab. Lengths and weights of the salmon (before cutting) and the intact prey are recorded for calculation of condition factors. Accomplishments : Salmonid stomachs have been collected and analyzed for 1983 to 1986. Most of the salmonines were coho salmon and chinook salmon, with fewer numbers of lake trout, rainbow trout, brown trout, and pink salmon. Coho salmon and chinook salmon showed a similar pattern of diet change over each season with alewives being the almost exclusive early season prey. Alewives were somewhat replaced by yellow perch (YOY) and bloaters later in the season. The diet shift may be due to a seasonal change in prey availability. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref . no . 156 JOERES, E. ; HUDDLESTON, J.; POTTER, K. ; SONZOGNI, W.C.; HARKIN, D. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Civil & Environmental Engineering; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Urban and Regional Planning; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Civil & Environmental Engineering; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Water Chemistry Program; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Agricultural Economics CONSUMPTIVE USE OF GREAT LAKES WATER Starting date: 9/01/1987 Completion date: 8/31/1990 Project no: R/PS-35 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Lake Huron; Lake Erie; Lake Ontario KEYWORDS: economics, model, management, water use, hydrology, water quality, industry, water budget, diversion, r ev ie w DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : To ( 1 ) rev iew pa accurate estimat interdependencie sub reg io ns ; (3 ) economy to the w quality and envi Methodology : Ut il i za tion of r activity 1 ev els , annual consumpti assessment via h P. I . s in pr ev iou Accomplishments: ( 1 ) Demonstr ated different hydrol quantified error based on inferre economic project with federal/sta st efforts, refine the data base and derive es of consumptive uses; (2) assess s among economic activities and geographic develop an economic model to link the ater resource; (4) estimate water ronmental implications of consumptive use. elationships between population, industrial energy demand and water use to estimate ve loss from the Great Lakes; impact yd raul ic/ regul ato ry model modified by s study. propagation of diversion effects of ogic supply series on water users; (2) s in hydrologic discharge projections d measures; (3) made demographic and ions for Wisconsin; (4) collaborated te agencies in the development of LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI NG zoning ordinanaces for shoreland use; (4) worked on ecosystem management strategies for the Great Lakes and assesses impacts of water quantity and water quality relationships; (5) determined equity issues related to tr an sf er r abl e discharge allocations for water pollution control in Great Lakes watershed. -185- LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no . 157 JOERES, E. ; POTTER, K. ; DAVID, M. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Civil and Environmental Engineering Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Civil and Environmental Engineering Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Econom ic s MANAGEMENT OF GREAT LAKES WATER Starting date: 9/01/1982 Completion date: 8/31/1985 Project no: R/PS-30 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: model, lake levels, diversion, water use, economics, management, value DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : To ( 1 ) establ i for changes in by d iv er sions upon the techn by giving cons to lake levels involved in co develop approp in production Methodology : The pro j ec t re Simulation of model develope neers. Valuati involve modifi substantive wa Rational e : High-value use emerging in th diversions and need for an in of d iv er sions grated policie uses. This pro but also has i sh a range of economic valuations Great Lakes lake levels induced and consumptive uses; (2) improve iques for making those valuations ideration to uncertainty attaching ; (3) bring economic parameters sting benefits up-to-date and riate schemes for valuing changes cost . lies heavily on computer models. lake levels is achieved by a d by the U.S. Army Corps of Engi- on of economic benefits will cation of earlier models in ys. s for Great Lakes water are e form of requested extra-basin in consumptive uses. There is a tegrated model to value the effect and consumptive uses and for inte- s to allocate water among competing ject deals mainly with the former, mplications for latter. -186- dm LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 158 JUDE, D. J. ; FUIMAN, L. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Great Lakes Research Division; Scotland - DMRL RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION OF INLAND SPAWNED FISH TO THE LAKE MICHIGAN YELLOW PERCH STOCK Starting date: 2/01/1986 Completion date: 1/31/1988 Project no: R/GLF-22 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Lake Michigan; Pigeon Lake; Grand River; Michigan KEYWORDS: yellow perch, fish, biology, spawning, tributaries, otoliths, age, larval fish, growth, wetlands, habitat, recruitment, life history DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : To determin larvae prod Lake Michig member ship the end of be ascertai vertebral n whether per or connecti Methodology : We will col Lake Michig history usi env ironmen t the-year ye gained used habitat typ e the contribution which yellow perch uced in the connecting water bodies of an make to Lake Michigan stocks. Cohort for yellow perch individuals at their first growing season will ned using growth history (otoliths), umber, and age as indicators of ch were produced in Lake Michigan ng water bodies. lect larvae from connecting water bodies and an and establish myomere counts and growth ng otoliths for yellow perch larvae from each At the end of the growing season, young-of- How perch will be collected and information to document the proportion of perch in each e . ^8^ LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no 159 KANAREK, M. ; ANDERSON, H. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Human Systems; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Preventive Medicine GREAT LAKES FOOD FISH CONTAMINANTS AND HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE OUTCOMES Starting date: 9/01/1986 Completion date: 12/31/1988 Proj ec t no : R/GB-26 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Green Bay; Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: biology, human health, fish, contaminants, toxics, human consumption, PCBs, DDT, DDE, organics, lead, inorganics, o rg anoc hi or in e pesticides, diet, physiology, risk assessment DESCRIPTION: Obj ec t ives : To (1) assess the relationship between contaminated fish consumption and human reproductive outcomes; (2) establish a range of PCB and DDE serum levels in pregnant women from Sept. 1, 1986, through Aug. 31. 1987, in Green Bay, Wise.; (3) assess the relationship between PCB and DDE serum levels and sport fish consumption; (4) assess the relationship between PCB and DDE serum levels and reproductive outcomes; (5) identify human reproductive risk factors for the Green Bay area. Me thod ol og y : Prospective epidemiological study; fetal comtaminant exposure data obtained by questionnaire; supporting data obtained from maternal and cord blood analyses of PCB and DDE levels; outcome variables obtained from medical and hospital records. Ra t ion ale : Green Bay fish are contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons. About eight percent of local pregnant women eat one or more meals of locally caught fish per week. Do these women have a greater risk of adverse reproductive outcomes than women who do not eat locally caught fish? Can environmental contamination result in human exposures deleterious to human health? Other Funding Sources: Funding from the Wisconsin De pt . of Health and -188- LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Social Services 1985-87 biennial toxic laboratory support will be used to evaluate PCB, pesticide, and lead exposure in women who the questionnaire has identified as exposed. The analyses of the maternal and cord blood samples will be performed by the Wisconsin State Laboratory of hygiene. There will be approximately 500 analyses performed at an anticipated cost of $90 per analysis. Thus, the total anticipated support by the Wisconsin De pt . of Health and Social Services for this project is approximately $45,000. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI NG Ref . no . 1 60 KEAN, W.F. ; BURKE, CD. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Center for Great Lakes Studies; Kansas - Wichita State University, Wichita Geol ogy Dept . COMPARISON OF LIM NOM AGNE T IC AND LITHOLOGIC RECORDS FROM GREEN BAY, WISCONSIN, AND LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: Completion date: 1984 Project no: Sponsor: Sponsor Not Known AREA: Green Bay; Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: geology, sediments, sediment cores, clay, sedimentation, historical, deposition, 1 ithom agnetic , pal eol imnology , stratigraphy DESCRIPTION: Three piston cores from th indicate in excess of 3.4 meter The sediments were divided into most unit) consists of about 1 clay, Unit II is a more compact and varies in thickness from Comparison of the 1 imnom agnetic Green Bay and Lake Michigan ind Unit II boundary is at approxim In time, this is equivalent to of the Lake Michigan Formation, of the Green Bay sediments are those of Lake Michigan, and the Green Bay appears to be about o Michigan over the past 6000 to e deeper areas of Green Bay s of post glacial sediments. units; Unit I (upper meter of soft grey silty dark yellow brown clay, to more than two meters. records between icate that the Unit I - ately 6000 years B. P. the Lake Forest Member However, the composition significantly different from sedimentation rate for ne half of that for Lake 9000 years B.P. -1Q0- LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref. no 161 KENNEDY, J. Wisconsin - Green Bay Metropolitan Sewerage District, Green Bay DISSOLVED OXYGEN OBSERVATIONS FROM CONTINUOUS MONITORING STATIONS AND IN SITU MEASUREMENTS IN THE LOWER FOX RIVER AND GREEN BAY Star ting date : 1 986 Completion date: 1986 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Sponsor Not Known AREA: Fox River; Green Bay; Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : chemistry, dissolved oxygen, temperature, sediments, water quality, monitoring DESCRIPTION: Six continuous recording temperature and dissolved oxygen stations were utilized for water quality monitoring during 1986 in the lower reach of the Fox River and Green Bay. In situ vertical measurements were also collected at 19 stations throughout the lower river and bay on a total of 24 sampling days from June through October. Current DNR effluent limits are structured to maintain 5.0 ppm dissolved oxygen throughout the system. Results of monitoring during 1986 show several periods of dissolved oxygen levels below 5.0 ppm. Of special note is a possible hypolimnetic intrusion on 7/31/86, characterized by low temperature (12.5 degrees C) and oxygen (<1.0 ppm) levels. This water mass was most evident at the northernmost stations (17 miles from the Fox River mouth) and appears to have extended southward to Grassy Island. This condition lasted until mid-August, though exhibiting a widening thermocline and generally northward movement. Continuous monitors showed distinct diurnal and vertical variations, along with oxygen depletions between the De Pere dam and the mouth. Several periods of <5.0 ppm D. 0. concentrations were documented, ranging in duration from a few hours to one period of six days. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref . no . 1 62 KENNEDY, J. Wisconsin - Green Bay Metropolitan Sewerage District, Green Bay CURRENT CONCERNS OF LAKE MICHIGAN CHARTER FISHERMEN Starting date: Completion date: 1986 Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Sponsor Not Known AREA: Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : recreation, sport fishing, fish, toxics, survey, salmonid DESCRIPTION: Lake Michigan sportfishing has become a major industry in many Wisconsin ports since the introduction of exotic salmonids. The number of charter fishing licenses in Wisconsin has grown from 172 in 1981 to 516 in 1986. In 1985 over 113,000 fish (17% of the total Lake Michigan sport catch) were caught by the Wisconsin charter fleet alone. Success of the salmonid stocking program has stimulated the growth of charter fishing, though the industry suffered a serious setback as a result of the consumption advisory issued in August of 1984 by Wis. Division of Health. Press releases following the advisory emphasized the negative aspects which succeeded in scaring many in the fishing public. Although fish tissue PCB levels continue their downward trend, the general fishing public is still unsure how to assess the actual risk of eating their catch. All charter captains surveyed indicated a loss of business directly due to this issue through 1986. This project examines historical and current charter fishing statistics and examines the effects of outside influences on the industry. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no . 16. KEOUGH, J. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Center for Great Lakes Studies ADAPTATIONS OF SC IR PUS VALIDUS TO PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE LAKE MICHIGAN COASTAL ZONE Star ting date : Comple t io n da te : Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: National 1934 1 986 Science Foundation AREA: Mink River Estuary; Northern Lake Michigan; Wisconsin waters; Laboratory KEYWORDS: biology, wetlands, botany, reeds, macrophytes, water currents, water depth, growth, genetics, river DESCRIPTION: Field studies in the Mink River Estuary in northern Lake Michigan and laboratory flumes are being used to look at the response of Sc ir pus v al id us to water velocity and water depth. Growth parameters and quality of material are being investigated in 3 populations to compare genotypic and phenotypic responses. Earlier studies focused on adaptation of the macrophytes to the coastal zone and their distribution and development due to long-term water level fluctuations. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 164 KEOUGH, J. ; STEARNS, F. ; BROOKS, A. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Center for Great Lakes Studies DYNAMIC INTERACTION BETWEEN LAKE MICHIGAN AND MINK RIVER ESTUARY Starting date: 1 986 Completion date: 1987 Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Wisconsin Academy of Science AREA: Mink River Estuary, Northern Lake waters; Rowley Bay Michigan; Wisconsin KEYWORDS: biology, wetlands, botany, food chain, detritus, cattails, macrophytes, larval fish, habitat, seiche, particulates, zooplankton, ph yto pi an kto n , bacteria, fish, river, reeds DESCRIPTION: The Mink River Estuary flows into northern Lake Michigan in Rowley Bay. Here, it is a rich interface area. Extensive stands of bulrush, cattail, and burreed provide habitat for larval fish and a number of sport fish. Baseline data is being collected on material and organisms moving back and forth across the interface with the lake- and bay-driven seiches. Documentation of food web material should stimulate further research on this and other Great La ke s e st uar ie s . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no 165 KEVERN, N. ; ELLIOTT, R. Michigan - Michigan St. University, East Lansing De pt . of Fisheries and Wildlife FEEDING HABITS AND GROWTH OF SALMONINES IN EASTERN LAKE MICHIGAN Star ting date : Completion date: Pro j ec t no : Spo nso r : Spo nso r 198 3 1 986 Not Known AREA: Eastern Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : fish, diet, lake trout, salmon, trout, alewife, chub, rainbow smelt, yellow perch, forage fish, salmonid, biology, populations, predation, size DESCRIPTION: Salmonine utilization of a dynamic forage base, variation in salmonine size at age, and relation between size variation and forage base structure were assessed using angler-caught salmon ( Oncorh ynchus tshawytscha, Oncorhynchus kisutch) and trout (Salvelinus namaycush, Salmo gairdneri, and Salmo trutta) from eastern Lake Michigan from 1983-1986. Sampling was done on a regular basis at 15 different ports between New Buffalo and Charlevoix throughout the four-year study. Stomach contents and size characteristics were analyzed for each of 10,670 salmonines sampled. Zooplankton, terrestrial insects, and four species of fish - alewife, bloater chub, rainbow smelt, and yellow perch - were found to be the six dominant forage items. The importance of the fish species other than alewife in the diets parallels reported changes in forage species populations and indicates opportunistic feeding by the predators. Specific findings from these data of diet composition and variation of salmonine size over the four-year study indicate trends that should be considered when assessing the future stability of Lake Michigan's valuable fisheries re so urce . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no . 166 KITCHELL, J.F. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Zool og y/ Cen ter for Limnology ANALYSIS OF FOOD WEBS ASSOCIATED WITH FISH COMMUNITIES IN THE GREAT LAKES Starting date: 7/01/1985 Completion date: 6/30/1986 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Great Lakes Fishery Commission AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: biology, fish, diet, food chain, zooplankton, forage fish, predation DESCRIPTION: -196- LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref . no . 167 KITCHELL, J.F. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Zool og y/ Cen ter for Limnology KEYSTONE PREDATORS IN THE GREAT LAKES Starting date: 9/01/1980 Completion date: 8/31/1984 Proj ec t no: R/LR -1 7 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : fish, biology, model, prey, diet, management, sea lamprey, pink salmon, alewife, predation, coho salmon, chinook salmon, rainbow trout, b io en erge t ics , salmonid, lake trout DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : (1) Develop predator-prey models for the lamprey- salmon id-ale wi fe interactions in Lake Michigan; (2) determine ecological and physiological parameters needed to apply the model to rainbow trout and pink salmon, potentially important predators; (3) collaborate with other investigators to develop databases for models of other important fishes; (4) conduct a field survey of coho and chinook salmon to determine diet and lamprey attack rates; (5) develop this model as a m an ag em en t tool . Accompli shm en ts : Developed testable model of lamprey attachment time as function of temperature, pr eda to r-pre y size ratio. Used bio en erg etic s modeling to predict food consumption and growth, favorably tested against field data. Gathered salmonid stomach samples for two summers. Set up Great Lakes-wide sampling program in second summer. Developed bioenergetic model of salmonid species consumption of alewife and smelt. Ben efi ts : This modeling brings greater understanding of predatory-prey systems in Great Lakes and helps in forecasting results of natural and man-induced changes in these systems. A fish predator-prey model is already being used by state (Michigan DNR ) and federal (EPA, Oak Ridge National Laboratory) agencies in fisheries research and management and studies on b io ace urn ul atio n of contaminants. University scientists are also applying models to ongoing research. -197- LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no . 168 KITCHELL, J.F. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Zool og y/ Cen ter for Limnology SALMON ID DIET SURVEY Starting date: 9/01/1984 Completion date: 8/31/1986 Project no: R/LR-28 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: model, fish, biology, predation, prey, forage fish, alewife, salmonid, populations, diet, chinook salmon, coho salmon, lake trout, smelt, perch, bloater chub, sculpin, b io en erge t ics DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : To test several hypotheses concerning the predator-prey interaction of Lake Michigan salmonids with their forage base: (1) that alewives will decline in Lake Michigan as the result of salmonid predation; (2) that this will result in a shortage of forage for salmonids; (3) that salmonids will shift to other forage fish as a food source. Also, to define indicators of the intensity of use of the forage resources by predators and compare results to those of other salmonid diet studies on the Great Lakes. Met hod ol ogy : Collect and analyze caught salmonids in similar projects in Indiana, Michigan and grams and province of Ra t ion ale : Evidence suggests that community structure in Lake Michigan is in a period of transition. It is an ideal time to collect information to test hypotheses and to guide management decisions. Sampling sport-caught fish for information in order to assess changes in fish resources and as a basis for development of management plans can be easily accomplished. Ac c om pi i shm en t s : Energetics modeling simulations indicated that stomach contents of sport- Lake Michigan. Coordinate Minnesota, Illinois- New York Sea Grant pro- On tar io . -198- LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING 40-60% of total annual predation by coho and chinook salmon and lake trout occurs during May through August. During 1982-86, % (wet weight) of alewives in all stomachs examined varied from 7 0-92% for coho, 80-93% for chinook and 65-92% for lake trout; highest % alewife values for all three species were observed in 1986. The second most important prey fish was smelt, followed by perch, bloaters, and slimy sculpins. Seasonal trends consistently showed greater diet diversity in late summer with Pacific salmon consuming proportionately more smelt and perch, and lake trout consuming more smelt, bloaters, and sculpins. Chinooks consumed large numbers of young perch during upwelling events in Aug. 1985. Absence of a downward trend in % alewives in the diets of these 3 salmonine predators in spite of a major lake-wide decline in the alewife population suggests either a very strong preference for alewives or, perhaps, an underestimation of alewife abundance in La ke Mi c hi g an . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no 169 KITCHELL, J.F. ; BINKOWSKI, F. P. ; HEWETT, S.W. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Zool og y/ Cen ter for Limnology; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Center for Great Lakes Studies; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Limnology SPECIES INTERACTIONS IN THE GREAT LAKES: COMPLEX RECRUITMENT REGULATION FOR ALEWIFE AND PERCH Starting date: 9/01/1986 Completion date: 8/31/1990 Proj ec t no : R/LR-3 5 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin AREA: Lake Michigan; Laboratory Sea Grant Institute KE YW OR DS : biology, fish, alewife, yellow perch, recruitment, diet, b io en erge t ics , predation, prey, populations, larval fish, model DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To (1) measure the extent to which predation by yellow perch limits successful recruitment by the alewife population of Lake Michigan; (2) detail the seasonal changes in the predatory-prey relationship between perch and alewife; (3) measure prey vulnerability to different sizes of predators in the lab; (4) use population estimates and bio en erg etic s models along with the laboratory results to predict population level effects of predation on the recruitment of both species in Lake Mic hig an . Me thod ol og y : Techniques and equipment include standard fish lab culture techniques, existing computer models of fish b io en erg etic s , field fish collections using beach seining and fyke netting, special fish tanks and video camera and recorder. Ra t ion ale : Lake Michigan's yellow perch, bloater chub and smelt have greatly increased in number in recent years while alewives have declined, yet lake salmonids continue to feed primarily on alewives. The potential of perch predation on larval and Y. 0. Y. alewife to limit alewife recruitment needs to be evaluated and the predatory interactions between alewife and perch documented. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no . 170 KITCHELL, J.F. ; HEWETT, S.W. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Limnology PREDATOR-PREY MODELS FOR GREEN BAY Starting date: 9/01/1982 Completion date: 8/31/1984 Project no: R/GB-16 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Green Bay; Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : model, fish productivity, biology, populations, b io en erge t ics , growth, diet, prey, predation DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : Assemble and use existing models of fish pro- dictivity relative to physical factors to model fish productivity along the north-south gradients in Green Bay; (1) apply existing bio en erg etic s-based models of fish growth for Lake Michigan at large to the pr eda to r-pre y interactions in Green Bay; (2) use the model to assess the effects of biotic interactions on fish productivity and how changes in the population of one species effects those of o ther spec ie s . Ra t ion ale : The pr ed ato r-pr ey transfer biological energy up the food chain is a key factor in the balance of an aquatic ecosystem. A computer model of the production and interactions of fish in Green Bay would be an invaluable tool in foreseeing the likely outcomes of current trends in bay fish populations. Accompli shm en ts : This research has built on ongoing studies of the Green Bay fishery and on existing modeling studies of the Lake Michigan fishery. Bene fits : This project will lead to a community-level view of the interactions in the bay. Existing monitoring programs would gain from models indicating which species may be best indicators of the current and future status of bay fish populations and what effects alternate managment strategies might have. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no . 171 KITCHELL, J.F. ; HEWETT, S.W. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Limnology FISHERY MODELS FOR GREEN BAY Starting date: 9/01/1984 Completion date: 8/31/1986 Proj ect no : R/GB-24 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin AREA: Green Bay; Lake Michigan Sea Grant Institute KE YW OR DS : model, fish, b io en er g etic s , biology, growth, yellow perch, alewife, walleye, predation, diet, management, populations DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To (1 ) expand our current model into a four compartment model covering the north-south gradient of the bay; (2) continue modeling walleye growth, predation and diet shifts, altered fishing regualtions and exploitation levels, and changes in relative abundance of pi an kt i v ores ; (3) model the yellow perch fishery and evaluate strategies for harvesting variable strength year classes; (4) develop small submodels for use by managers and other r ese arc her s . Method ol ogy : Work closely with management agencies and other researchers to develop and test com- puter models (an interactive population model and a fishery exploitation model) on Apple HE m ic roc omputer s . Ra t ion ale : There is a need to provide flexible management strategies for a multispecies system in the face of complex interactions among species and inherent fluctuations in population abundances. An adaptive management modeling approach will allow managers and researchers to model the effects of alternative methods before choosing specific options and to evaluate current strategies. Ac c om pi i shm en t s : An exploitation model of the Green Bay perch fishery was developed and used. A paper on this model is LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING in press in Fisheries. A more generalized bio en erg etic s model for fish growth that fish managers can apply to any fish species in any lake is being further developed and will be published by Wisconsin Sea Grant. Model has been given to researchers studying Lake Ontario and other Great Lakes and to scientists elsewhere in the U.S. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 172 KITCHELL, J.F.; MILLIMAN, S. ; JOHNSON, B. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Zool og y/ Cen ter for Limnology; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Agricultural Economics; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Zool og y/ Cen ter for Limnology LINKING BIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSES FOR A GREAT LAKE YELLOW PERCH FISHERY Starting date: 9/01/1986 Completion date: 8/31/1988 Project no: R/GB-27 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Green Bay; Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : biology, economics, fish, yellow perch, policy, recruitment, management, model, commercial fishing, sport fishing DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To (1 ) unite our existing biological and economic models of the Green Bay perch fishery into a single bioeconomic model; (2) use that model to evaluate the effects of Wisconsin DNR policy on biology and economics (commercial and sport); (3) recommend which policy will be most effective in achieving stated goals for Green Bay perch; and (4) provide the model to fish managers as a tool for pol ic y an al ysi s . Met hod ol ogy : Join and expand our two existing models, one biological and one economic, of the Green Bay perch fishery. The models were built from data collected in Green Bay, and specifically represent variability seen in recruitment and dockside price for perch. Ra t ion ale : The Wisconsin DNR is attempting Green Bay perch fishery through regulations. The DNR goals are Strongly linked in this fishery, by high variability in the system. The DNR needs a tool to evaluate biologic and economic effects of policy options in light of high variability. to rehabilitate the a variable quota and other both biologic and economic both factors are affected LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ac com pi ishm en ts : A preliminary version of the biological model was the subject of a paper at the 1985 International Association for Great Lakes Research meeting and of a workshop for Green Bay area fish managers. A paper of an early version of the model is in press (Johnson and Stein). Milliman completed his Ph.D. on this topic. Results from the economic model were the subject of a paper at a recent Great Lakes symposium (Milliman and Bishop). LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref. no. 173 KITCHELL, J.F. ; SCAVIA, D. ; LANG, G. A. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Zool og y/ Cen ter for Limnology; Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor; Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor FOOD-WEB REGULATION OF WATER QUALITY Starting date: 1 986 Completion date: 1986 Project no: Task 6.48 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : biology, chemistry, water quality, eutro phic atio n , model, ph y to pi an kton , botany, zooplankton, fish, nutrients, phosphorus, inorganics, stratification, grazing, food chain, chlorophyll, historical, predation, sediments, diatoms, calcium carbonate, primary production, top-down control, bottom-up control, sediment cores, pal eol im nol og y , predation, year-class strength DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v e : The overall objective of this task is to evaluate the relative influence of "top-down" and "bottom-up" impacts on Great Lakes water quality. The immediate goals of the task are focused on Lake Michigan and will be addressed through models designed to explore the following hypotheses: (1) Summer ph yto pi an kto n abundance is determined by epilimnetic phophorus (P) remaining after the onset of stratification; str ati fie atio n- per iod total P concentrations are controlled by the timing of the onset of stratification and thus the duration of spring diatom production. (2) Summer ph yto pi an kto n composition is controlled by the balance between nutrient supply and zooplankton grazing, both of which are determined by the composition of zooplankton present. (3) Variability in controls described in (2) is related to stochastic variation in planktivory (i.e., strong vs. weak fish year classes, etc.) and cascades through the food web in ways that regulate ph yto pi an kton composition and water clarity. (4) Variation in planktivory is controlled by piscivory and is therefore subject to regulation through LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING fisheries management practices. (5) By virtue of the relationship between CaC03 precipitation and primary production (i.e., pH influence by primary production) and the potential relationship between f i sh-pr ed atio n/ zoo pi an kto n- str uc tur e and primary production, the historical record should offer evidence of correlation between planktivory and both the frequency and intensity of calcite whitings. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no 174 KITCHELL, J.F. ; STEWART, D. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Limnology PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEMS IN THE GREAT LAKES Starting date: 9/01/1984 Completion date: 8/31/1988 Proj ec t no : R/LR -2 9 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Lake Michigan; Great Lakes KE YW OR DS : model, biology, fish, pal eol im nol og y , sediments, b io en erge t ics , forage fish, salmonid, alewife, lake trout, predation, prey, diet, pink salmon, competition, zooplankton DESCRIPTION: Obj ec t ives : (1) To estimate response characteristics of the Great Lakes trophic system to changes in predation level; (2) to quantify impact on the forage base of predation by various combina- tions and densities of salmonid predators; (3) to investigate the interactive effect of predation and competition on the resiliency of alewife stocks; (4) to develop paleoeco- 1 og ic al perspectives that will help create realistic expectations of the carrying capacity of Great Lakes trophic systems. Met hod ol ogy : This study will use computer simulation with b io en erge t ic s models in combination with pal eo ec ol og ic al analysis of bottom sediments to recreate and project pr eda to r-pre y inter- actions in Lake Michigan. Ra tion ale : There is a need to understand predator-prey interactions in Lake Michigan for several reasons: the shifting composition of the forage base for salmonid predators; the alewife 1 s uncertain status; pressure to increase stocking and shift management emphasis to trophy species; and the changing status of lake trout, stream-run salmonids and pink salmon in the lake. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Accompl ishra en t s : Since 1 September 1984: Three papers and one book chapter published or in press; one master's thesis completed; three manuscripts submitted and two others in pre para t ion . Ben efi ts : Information from this study will be useful to those agencies involved in the manage- ment of Lake Michigan sport and commercial fishes, especially in the evaluation of alternative stocking policies. It will compliment concurrent studies of forage fishes, salmonid diets and other predator- prey systems in Lake Michigan. The approach can be extended to predator-prey systems in the other Great Lakes and to marine systems. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 175 KLUMP, J. V.; EDGINGTON, D. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Center for Great Lakes Studies THE USE AND IMPACT OF DREDGE SPOIL MATERIAL FOR BEACH NOURISHMENT: A DEMONSTRATION IN KEWAUNEE, WISCONSIN Starting date: 1982 Completion date: 1984 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Wisconsin Coastal Zone Management; Wisconsin De pt . of Natural Resources AREA: Wisconsin waters; Lake Michigan shore by Kewaunee KEYWORDS: geology, dredging, beach, erosion DESCRIPTION: LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no . 176 KLUMP, J. V.; KREZOSKI, J.; BOYER, L. F. ; EDGINGTON, D. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Center for Great Lakes Studies THE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF THE BENTHIC BOUNDARY LAYER IN GREEN BAY, LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 9/01/1984 Completion date: 8/31/1987 Proj ec t no : R/GB-22 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Green Bay; Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : biology, chemistry, physical, model, sediments, geochemistry, benthic invertebrates, nutrients, cycling, sediment transport, diagenesis, oxygen, phosphorus, silica, organic carbon, sediment-water interface, water quality, tracer, sediment traps, benthic boundary layer, inorganics, iron, manganese, trace metals, porewater, regeneration, mixing, nitrogen DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : (1) Characterize the sediments and benthic invertebrates of Green Bay on meaningful scales of time and space, (2) Quantify spatial and temporal patterns in sediment transport processes, (3) Quantify the b iog eoc hem ic al coupling between benthic and pelagic systems with respect to nutrient cycling, oxygen consumption, and the decomposition, diagenesis, and burial of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica in Green Ba y sed iments . Me thod ol og y : Use of a remote sediment profile camera; rare earth element particle tracer techniques; an in situ pore water extraction probe; benthic flux chambers and Pb-210, Cs-137, Be-7, and Rn-222 tracer g eoc hronol og ie s and sediment traps. Ra tio nal e : The role of the benthic system as a critical component of the Green Bay ecosystem is poorly understood. Much processing and cycling of the biologically important elements occurs within the sediments, the major sink for the large al 1 oc ht ho no us loading of nutrients and pollutants to the bay. Any plans for water quality improvement must take benthic processes into account. Accomplishments : Sites and rates of organic matter deposition, quantification LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING of the relative amounts of organic carbon regenerated or preserved, extensive pore water profiles for dissolved inorganic carbon, nutrients, Fe and Mn have been measured at 18 stations over the course of three criuses. Rates of sediment-water chemical exchange quantified. Data will allow the construction of sedimentary mass balances in which measured inputs are balanced against measured regeneration and burial rates, and measurement of sediment mixing processes. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref . no . 177 KONRAD, J. Wisconsin - Wisconsin De pt . of Natural Resources, Madison A RESTRUCTURED ANSWERS MODEL TO BE USED AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL IN WISCONSIN Star ting da te : 1 /1 986 Completion date: 4/1987 Project no: R005750-02 Sponsor: U.S. EPA - Great Lakes National Program Office AREA: Lake Michigan; Fox River; tributaries; Wisconsin KE YW OR D3 : management, water quality, nutrients, chemistry, tributaries, watershed, loading, inorganics DESCRIPTION: LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref. no. 178 KRAFT, C. E. ; STEWART, D. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Green Bay Sea Grant Office ; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Limnology ALEWIFE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS IN LAKE MICHIGAN Star ting date : 1986 Completion date: 1987 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Sponsor Not Known AREA: Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : model, biology, fish, alewife, b io en erg etic s , chemistry, nutrients, phosphorus, inorganics, c ycl ing , b iom ass DESCRIPTION: The potential contribution of alewives to the phosphorus dynamics of Lake Michigan was explored using standing stock estimates, an energetics growth model and commercial harvest records. Conservative fall biomass estimates of Lake Michigan alewives from the 1970s account for 3000 metric tons of phosphorus, which is 8% of the total phosphorus available at spring turnover. An energetics model indicates that this alewife population would annually consume invertebrates containing 9700 tons of phosphorus. An estimated 2500 tons of phosphorus would be egested or excreted, which is 50% of the estimated annual sediment losses of phosphorus from the lake. Inclusion of juvenile alewives would more than double these estimates. Recent changes in the Lake Michigan fish community from pi an kt i v oro us alewives to ben thic- feed ing fishes could have changed deposition patterns of egested and excreted phosphorus. Commercial and sport fish harvests from Lake Michigan have removed as much as 220 tons of phosphorus from the lake annually. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 179 LAIRD, G.A. ; GARDNER, W.S. ; SCAVIA, D. FAHNENSTIEL, G. L. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor MECHANISMS OF RELEASE AND UPTAKE OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC NUTRIENTS IN LAKE MICHIGAN Star ting da te : Completion date: 1985 Project no: Task 6.35 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : biology, chemistry, nutrients, ph yto pi an kto n , regeneration, uptake, cycling, phosphorus, organics DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : (1) Estimate release rates of labile dissolved organic nutrients by ph y to pi an kton in Lake Michigan. (2) Estimate the quantitative importance of this material to nutrient regeneration in Lake Michigan LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 180 LAIRD, G. A. ; SCA VIA, D. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor OBSERVATIONS OF LONG-TERM TRENDS IN THE PELAGIA OF LAKE MICHIGAN St ar ting da te : Com pi etio n d ate : Proj ec t no : Task Sponsor: NO A A 3/1 983 Co nti n uing 5.25 AREA: Southeastern Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: biology, water quality, predation, zooplankton, phosphorus, food chain, top-down control, bottom-up control, zooplankton grazing chemistry, nutrients, fish, ph y to pi an kton , inorganics, eutro phic atio n , chlorophyll, DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec tiv e : To monitor water quality and ecological properties in Lake Michigan with special emphasis on comparison of "top-down" vs. "bottom-up" control. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING |ef. no. 181 LAN DRUM, P.F. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor ["HE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE fOXICOKINETICS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN PONTOPOREIA HOYI Star ti ng date : Completion date: Pro j ec t no : Ta sk Sponsor: NOAA 1/1 982 Continuing 4. 4 ^REA: Great Lakes; Laboratory KE YW OR DS : toxics, chemistry, PAHs, toxicokinetics, organics, invertebrates, benthic, biology, sediments, model, temperature, distribution, uptake, depuration, Pontoporeia, xenobiotics, physiology, Amphipoda ASCRIPTION: This project involves the study of environmental parameters such as temperature and seasonal changes in the physiology of Pontoporeia ho yi on the uptake and elimination of organic xenobiotics. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons serve as representative organic pollutants. The data from this study will be used to parameterize a predictive model for the toxicokinetics of organic xenobiotics in P. ho yi . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 182 LANDRUM, P.F. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor FOOD/SEDIMENT AS A SOURCE OF XENOBIOTICS TO PONTOPOREIA HOYI AND HIGHER TROPHIC LEVELS Starting date: 1 984 Completion date: Continuing Project no: Task 4.7 Sponsor: NOAA AR EA : Labor a tor y KE YW OR DS : biology, benthic invertebrates, food chain, Amphipoda, Pontoporeia, diet, sediments, xenobiotics, toxics, o rg an ic s , b io ace umul atio n DESCRIPTION: The role of food in the accumulation of organic xenobiotics is uncertain. This work will examine the effect of contaminated food on the toxicokinetics of organic xenobiotics at several levels of the food chain and establish the relative importance of sediments as a source of organic xenobiotics to P. ho yi . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 183 LANDRUM, P.F. ; FONTAINE, T. D. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor ACUTE TOXICITY OF SELECTED ORGANIC XENOBIOTICS TO GREAT LAKES INVERTEBRATES Star ting date : Comple tion da te : Pro j ec t no : Ta sk Sponsor: NOAA A REA : Lab orato r y 1986 Con t in uing 4. 10 KE YW OR DS : biology, bioassay, toxics, organics, xenobiotics, benthic invertebrates, chemistry, model, physiology, Pontoporeia, Mysis, Amphipoda, phenol, DDT, carbaryl, o rg anoc hlor ine pesticides DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : (1 ) To determine the acute toxicity of Great Lakes invertebrates to well-studied systemic toxins. (2) To develop time, body burden, and toxicity data for parameterizing effects simulation models. (3) To initiate the development of a predictive simulation model of the effects of toxic organics. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no 184 LANDRUM, P. F. ; FREZ, W. A. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arb or TOXICOKINETICS OF REPRESENTATIVE POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN M YS IS RELICTA Star ting da te : Completion date: Continuing Project no: Task 4.6 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes; Laboratory KE YW OR D3 : biology, benthic invertebrates, toxics, PAHs, organics, Mysis , depuration, biotransformation, uptake, metabolism, physiology, diet, aquaculture, Pontoporeia, Amphipoda DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1) To modify current culture methodology used for maintaining Pontoporeia ho yi to maintain rn ys i d s . (2) To design appropriate modifications of experimental test chambers to expose rnysids to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). (3) To determine the uptake, depuration, and biotransformation rate constants for PAH in this invertebrate. (4) To determine the extent to which various environmental parameters such as temperature and food type affect the uptake, depuration, and biotransformation rate constants for PAH in M . r el ic ta . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no . 185 LANG, G. A. ; EADIE, B. J. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF POLLUTANT LOADINGS Star ting date : Completion date: 1984 Proj ec t no : Task 10.19 Sponsor: NOAA AREA : Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Lake Erie; Lake Huron; Lake Ontario; tributaries KEYWORDS: chemistry, loading, tributaries, river, pollutants, nutrients, suspended sediment, chloride, water quality, hydrology, inorganics DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To update calculations of U.S. tributary inputs of nutrients, suspended sediments, and chloride to each of the Great Lakes, and to develop further the relationship between tributary flow and pollutant loads to the Great Lakes. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no . 186 LEHMAN, J. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Division of Biological Sciences Arb or FOOD WEB STRUCTURE AND PRODUCTIVITY RELATIONS IN LAKES MICHIGAN AND WASHINGTON Star ti ng date : Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Sponsor Not Known AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Washington KE YW OR DS : biology, productivity, nutrients, inorganics, chemistry, zooplankton, e utro phica t ion , ph y to pi an kton , loading, phosphorus, food chain, CI ad oc er a DESCRIPTION: Both Lakes Michigan changes in nutrient load to manipulations at uppe of manipulation produce in productivity relation large-bodied Cladocera i water transparency and r the proximate effects of volumetric rates of prod production, however, are web, and seem to vary pr and Washington have experienced ing rates and have also been subjected r trophic levels. The different types quantitative and qualitative differences s and lake metabolism. The success of n both lakes have produced records of educed algal biomass that surpass reduced nutrient load on uction. Areal-based rates of insensitive to changes in the food incipally with nutrient load. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref . no . 187 LESHKEVICH, G. A. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE OF GREAT LAKES ICE COVER Star ting date : Com pie t ion da te : Pro j ec t no : Ta sk Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes 1984 Con t in uing 8. 12 KEYWORDS: physical, ice, meteorology, atmospheric, snow, albedos, remote sensing, satellite, Land sat DESCRIPTION: Obj ec t ives : (1 ) To collect ground and airborne data on the visible and ne ar- in fr ar ed spectral reflectance of snow and freshwater ice types and to evaluate the influence of atmospheric conditions and surface metamorphosis on those reflectances. (2) To develop methods for estimating area-wide shortwave ice albedos and for identifying different ice types in the Great Lakes ice cover from remotely sensed data using the spectral reflectance field data LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no . 188 LESHT, B.M. Illinois - Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION IN SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN Star ting date : Completion date: Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: NOAA/GLERL 10/01 /1 981 9/30/1 984 AREA: Southern Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: physical, benthic, sediments, r esus pen sio n , transport, currents, water quality, chemistry, turbidity DESCRIPTION: Month-long deployments of an instrument tripod were made to obtain in situ observations of benthic currents and turbidity in the southern basin of Lake Michigan. Sediment resuspension can be parameterized using simple observations. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no . 189 LESHT, B.M. Illinois - Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne BENTHIC BOUNDARY LAYER DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT Starting date: Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: NOAA/GLERL AREA: Great Lakes KE YW OR DS : physical, benthic boundary layer, sediments, transport, currents, water quality, chemistry DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tive : To develop instrumentation suitable for study of the benthic boundary layer in the Great Lakes. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no . 190 LESHT, B.M. Illinois - Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne BENTHIC NEPHELOID LAYER IN SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN Star ting date : Comple t io n da te : Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: NOAA/GLERL 1985 Con t in uing AREA: Southern Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: physical, nepheloid layer, sediments, transport, currents, water quality, chemistry, res us pen sion , nutrients, inorganics, phosphorus, silica DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec tiv e : To determine relationships between bottom currents and sediment resuspension rates in southern Lake Michigan LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no 191 LIEN, G. J. ; BIESINGER, K. ; ANDERSON, L. ; LEONARD, E. ; GIBBONS, M. Minnesota - U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory, Duluth A TOXICITY EVALUATION OF LOWER FOX RIVER WATER AND SEDIMENTS Star ti ng date : Completion date: Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: U.S. EPA 1/1 985 1 /1 986 AREA: Lower Fox River; Green Bay; Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : biology, water quality, xenobiotics, organics, toxics, chemistry, sediments, bioassay, invertebrates, Cer ioda phn ia , growth, reproduction, zooplankton, Daphnia, Hyallela, Amphipoda, Ephemerella, mayfly, Pimephales, fish, fathead minnow, Cladocera DESCRIPTION: Many persistent, xenobiotic compounds have been identified in Lower Fox River water, biota, sediment, and effluent discharges, some of which are suspected of adversely affecting aquatic organisms. Water and sediment samples were collected from the Lower Fox River in late January, mid-March, and late April, 1985. Samples were transported to the Environmental Research Labora tory -Dul ut h (ERL-D), where a determination of their potential toxicity was accomplished through laboratory bioassays using four freshwater invertebrates and one freshwater vertebrate. Results from the present toxicity evaluation of Lower Fox River water and sediment indicate a general absence of lethal effects as defined by the bioassays completed within the framework of this study. Significant sublethal effects were recorded in the form of reduced growth or fewer progeny. However, these effects were not observed for more than one species or testing period, and no pattern was evident from this analysis. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no 192 LILLESAND, T. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Environmental Remote Sensing Center MULTIPURPOSE ASSESSMENT OF THEMATIC MAPPER DATA FOR COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Starting date: 9/01/1984 Completion date: 8/31/1986 Proj ec t no : R/NI-09 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Wisconsin waters of Lake Michigan; Green Bay KE YW OR DS : remote sensing, eutro phic atio n , mapping, management, Landsat, satellite, physical, monitoring, temperature, water quality, chlorophyll, turbidity DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To (1 ) determine the basic spectral and spatial characteristics of landsat thematic mapper (TM) data of Wisconsin's Lake Michigan shore; (2) evaluate use of TM data for coastal resources monitoring; (3) prepare, disseminate and evaluate prototypical cartographies from digital processing of TM data; (4) develop and assess methods for analyzing TM-type satellite data in a micro- processor; (5) develop guidelines for integrating satellite data for coastal resource management. Me thod ol og y : Use sophisticated image processing hardware and software maintained by the Environmental Remote Sensing Center and mobile precision radiometer whose spectral response is matched to that of the thematic mapper. Ra t ion ale : The thematic mapper system represents a quantum jump in the technical design and performance of earth resource monitoring satellites. This re- search will assess the usefulness of data from these systems for an array of coastal monitoring tasks and formulate guidelines for integrating satellite monitoring capabilities into the coastal management process. Ac com pi ishm en ts : Developed methods for digital image processing and pursuing geographic information system LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING implementation in a network microprocessor environment. Demonstrated the use of thematic mapper data for predicting secchi disc depths, c hlo ro ph yll-a concentrations, turbidity, and temperatures. Obtained significant relationships between satellite and ground data for these parameters. Now developing software for microprocessor analysis of data. Published an experimental TM-based image map and disseminated it to researchers nationwide. Wrote paper describing project for 1986 issue of Pho tgr amma t ic Engineering and Remote Sensing. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no 193 LILLESAND, T. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Environmental Remote Sensing Center SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING OF GREAT LAKES AND COASTAL OCEAN WATER QUALITY Starting date: 9/01/1986 Completion date: 8/31/1989 Proj ec t no : R/NI-1 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Lake Michigan; Green Bay; Wisconsin waters KE WORDS: physical, remote sensing, satellite, water quality, e utro phica t ion , sediment transport, land use, chemistry, rn apping DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To (1) determine, independently, the applicability of three satellite systems to the monitoring of water quality under Great Lakes conditions; (2) develop guidelines for using these systems in combination to extrapolate conventional water quality measurements made on the Great Lakes; and (3) assess the usefulness of the satellite systems for other coastal management applications (e.g., land use mapping, image mapping, aquatic vegetation mapping, erosion assessment, etc.). Met hod ol ogy : Extensive use of specialized image processing hardware and software at U.W. -Madison Environmental Remote Sensing Center; "sea truth" data to be collected by cooperators at U.W. -Green Bay and U .W . -Mil wau kee ; all models m ic oproc esso r-compa tibl e . Ra t ion ale : The three satellite systems to be tested range in capability from 1 0M spatial resolution (SPOT), to sev en- chann el (including thermal) spectral resolution (Landsat TM) , to twice-daily global coverage (NOAA's AVHRR). The composite potential application of these systems to water quality monitoring under Great Lakes conditions is great and largely unexplored. Bene fits : Information generated by this project would be useful for establishing an operational satellite-based water quality monitoring system for the Great Lakes. Improved understanding of the "big picture" of the physical LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING processes operative in the Great Lakes will be obtained over previously unexplored spatial and temporal scales. The proposed research will establish a scientific foundation on which future satellite systems (e.g., the ocean color imager) could be used under Great Lakes conditions. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref . no . 194 LISTON, C. Michigan - Michigan State University, East Lansing De pt . of Fisheries and Wildlife MONITORING SEA LAMPREY RUNS IN THE ST. JOSEPH RIVER Starting date: 1 984 Completion date: 6/1986 Proj ec t no : Sponsor: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service AREA: Michigan; Lake Michigan; St. Joseph River KE YW OR DS : monitoring, sea lamprey, fish, biology, river, tributaries, populations, spawning DESCRIPTION: A limited study on indices of abundance of adult sea lamprey runs. Helped U.S.F.W.S. to monitor adult populations, and provided sex ratios and fecundity estimates for the spawning run on the St. Joseph River. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 195 LISTON, C. ; BRAZO, D. C. Michigan - Michigan State University, East Lansing De pt . of Fisheries and Wildlife DISTRIBUTION, PRODUCTIVITY, AND ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS OF ADULT FISH IN PENTWATER MARSH Starting date : 1933 Completion date: 1985 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Michigan; Pentwater Marsh; eastern shore of Lake Mi c hi g an KEYWORDS: wetlands, productivity, biology, fish, river, energy flow, reproduction, populations, distribution DESCRIPTION: Population size and productivity estimates for major species were determined. Seasonal distribution and use of Pentwater Marsh by major species were determined. This project provided information on 44 fish species using Pentwater Marsh on Lake Michigan. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no 196 LISTON, C. ; CHUBB, S. Michigan - Michigan State University, East Lansing De pt . of Fisheries and Wildlife ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF LARVAL AND JUVENILE FISHES IN THE PENTWATER MARSH ON LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 1/01/1982 Completion date: 1985 Project no: R/CW-13 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Michigan; Pentwater Marsh; eastern Mi c hi g an ihore of Lake KEYWORDS: fish, populations, wetlands, biology, river, productivity, diet, larval fish, distribution DESCRIPTION: This project determined the importance of Pentwater Marsh as a nursery area for early life stages of fish. New sampling methods were developed for sampling larval fish. Some 18 taxa of larval fish were collected, and densities were higher than literature values for marine estuaries. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no . 197 LISTON, C. ; KEVERN, N. Michigan - Michigan State University, De pt . of Fisheries and Wildlife East Lansing MOVEMENTS AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF WALLEYE (STIZOSTEDION VITREUM) IN THE MUSKEGON RIVER AND IN MUSKEGON LAKE ON LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 4/1 986 Completion date: 9/1987 Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Muskegon Sportfishing Association; Michigan Agricultural Exp. Station AREA: Michigan; Muskegon River; Muskegon Lake; Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: fish, populations, walleye, biology, river, tributaries, growth, distribution, larval fish, movement, diet, prod uc ti v ity DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1) Determine movement, distribution, and biology of adult walleye in the Muskegon River. (2) Determine location, growth, and food habits of juvenile walleye in Muskegon Lake. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref. no. 198 LIU, P. C. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor GREAT LAKES WAVE CLIMATE FROM NDBC DATA Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Proj ect no: Task 2. 14 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes KE YW OR DS : physical, buoy, wind, waves, temperature, satellite, climate, model DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : (1) To synthesize wave, wind, and temperature data recorded from NDBC NOMAD buoys in the Great Lakes and to delineate cl im atol og ic al information on Great Lakes waves. (2) To examine the individual, joint, and multivariate long-term distributions of the parameters and to develop statistical models for representation and pr ed ic t ion . -236- LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 98 4 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 199 LOFTUS, A. ; KELLER , M. Michigan - Michigan State University, East Lansing; Michigan - Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources, Lansing EVALUATION OF LAKE TROUT HOOKING MORTALITY IN THE UPPER GREAT LAKES Starting date : 1 985 Completion date: 1986 Project no: F-53-R, Study 526 Sponsor: Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Huron; Lake Superior KEYWORDS: biology, fish, lake trout, monitoring, mortality, sport fishing, rehabilitation DESCRIPT Object To e trou the raor t play Justi f Curr exce fail red u the impo con t con t lake thi s ION: iv es : stimate the h t in the Uppe r el ationshi ps ality and dep ing tim e , 1 en ica t ion : ent lake trou ssiv e mor tal i ed rehab il ita ce the total Michigan Dept sed a new set roversial clo roversy stemm trout which closed seaso ooking mortality r r Great Lakes and , if any, between th , temperature di g th , we ight , sex , t popul t y to b tion ef mortal i . of Na o f gui sed sea ed from were ca n suffe ation m e t he c forts . t y r ate tural R d el ines son reg ang ler ught an red hig od el ause In o s am e sou , in ulat per d re h mo ate of lake to de term in e the observed f f er en t ial , and gear used . s ind ic ate of rder to ong the se f i sh , rces clud ing ions. The ceptions that leased during r tal i t y r ates . -237- LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 200 LUDWIG, J. Michigan - Ecological Services Inc., Bo yn e City SURVEY OF TERN AND CORMORANT POPULATIONS IN THE UPPER GREAT LAKES AREA FOR TOXIC CHEMICAL IMPACTS Starting date: 5/01/1986 Completion date: 9/31/1986 Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Michigan De pt . of Natural Resources AREA: Islands in northern Lake Michigan; Green Bay; Lake Superior; Lake Huron KEYWORDS: biology, birds, toxics, o rg an ic s , reproduction, monitoring, populations, chemistry, common terns, cormorants, fecundity, deformity, terns, o rg anoc hlor ine pesticides DESCRIPTION: This study will survey common tern and cormorant populations on a series of islands in northern Lakes Michigan and Huron, and Lake Superior on four dates between May 15 and July 31» 1986 and collect specimens for archiving and possible chemical analysis. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -C ONT I N U ING Ref . no . 329 LYON, J. Ohio - Ohio State University, Columbus Dept. of Civil Engineering REMOTE SENSING OF GREAT LAKES WATER RESOURCES Starting date: Completion date: Continuing Project no: Sponsor: Ohio Sea Grant Program AREA: ake Michigan; connecting channels; Lake Erie; Detroit iver; Lake St. Clair; St. Mary's River; Straits of ackinac La R Mackinac KEYWORDS: physical, remote sensing, sediment transport, wetlands, lake levels, vegetation, connecting channels, loading, river, satellite, aerial photography, sediments, chemistry DESCRIPTION: Work is being conducted on remote sensing techniques and the use of aerial photography to evaluate coastal and water resources in the Great Lakes Basin. Studies have been conducted on the effects of lake level fluctuations on wetlands, sediment chemistry, and vegetation distribution. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref . no . 201 MAC, M. Michigan - National Fisheries Center - Great Lakes, Ann Arbor EFFECTS OF PARENTALLY TRANSFERRED CONTAMINANTS ON SURVIVAL OF YOUNG LAKE TROUT Starting date: 6/1 984 Completion date: 5/1987 Project no: Spo nso r : U.S. Fi sh and Wildlife Service AREA: Lake Michigan; Laboratory KE YW OR D3 : biology, toxics, contaminants, fish, lake trout, fry, mortality, PCBs , survival, chemistry, organics, diet, reproduction, eggs DESCRIPTION: Previous studies designed to examine the survival of lake trout eggs and fry of southeastern Lake Michigan origin have shown near total mortality of the fry. This abnormally high mortality occurs just prior to complete yolk absorption in fry of southeastern Lake Michigan but not in fry hatched from Lake Superior, Lake Huron, or hatchery egg sources. Chemical contaminants inherited from the spawning adults are a likely cause of this mortality. Eggs and sperm from adult hatchery fish fed Lake Michigan forage fish for one year will be taken to measure the influence of the inherited contaminants on fertilization, ha tc hab ility , and fry survival. All forage fish and experimentally c ontam in an ted eggs and fry will be analyzed for major contaminants and the results evaluated for correlations with measured fry mortality. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 202 MAC, M. ; EDSALL, C. C. ; HESSELBERG, R. Michigan - National Fisheries Center - Great Lakes, Ann Arbor BIOACCUMULATION OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES DURING DREDGING Starting date: 10/1 984 Completion date: 9/1987 Proj ec t no : Spo nso r : U.S. Fi sh and Wildlife Service AREA: Lake Michigan; Green Bay; Laboratory KE YW OR DS : pollution, biology, dredging, contaminants, toxics, sediments, bioavailability, b io ace umula t ion , bioassay, PCBs , organics, fish DESCRIPTION: Field and lab exposures of fish to Green Bay sediments demonstrated similar b io ace umula t ion patterns for PCBs and provided an initial validation of lab bioassay procedure for use in predicting bio ace umul atio n in the field. Additional testing in progress. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref. no. 203 MAGNUSON, J. ; CLAY, C. S. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Zool og y/ Cen ter for Limnology; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Geology and Geophysics De pt . TROPHIC SIZE CLASS EFFICIENCY OF FISH PRODUCTION IN A GREAT LAKES ESTUARY Starting date: 9/01/1986 Completion date: 8/31/1988 Proj ec t no : R/GB-2 8 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin AREA: Green Bay; Lake Michigan Sea Grant Institute KE YW OR DS : biology, fish, populations, diet, model, size, benthic invertebrates, Mysis , food productivity, energy flow, particle size b iom ass , c ha in , DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To determine across a trophic gradient (1) the biomass, size and species structure of offshore fishes; (2) the biomass and size structure of major benthic m ac ro inv er tebr a tes ; (3) the diets of Mysis and of logarithmically equal size intervals of the major fish taxa ; and (4) cooporate with other Sea Grant researchers to test the efficacy of estimating fish biomass from a Sheldon size spectrum and assess the par ticl e- si ze- conv er sio n efficiency of trophic transfers to fish from plankton and benthos. Me thod ol og y : Biomass and size of fishes will be estimated with sonar and vertical gill nets plus trawls; benthos, by dredge and trawls; plankton, from another Sea Grant project; food web structure by stomach analysis. Ra tio nal e : In the Great Lakes, shallow bays like Green Bay typically yield disproportionately large amounts of fish biomass. Understanding the energy flow through the system by an easily used "yardstick" like particle size will allow more efficient harvest of fishes and provide fisheries scientists with insights on ways to manipulate the b ay ec osystem . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 204 MAGNUSON, J.; CROWDER, L. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Limnology; North Carolina - North Carolina State University, Zool ogy De pt . Ral eig h SPECIES INTERACTIONS AND EARLY LIFE HISTORY DYNAMICS OF MAJOR PLANKTIVORES IN LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 9/01/1982 Completion date: 8/31/1984 Proj ec t no : R/LR -2 4 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : fish, biology, populations, alewife, chub, diet, zooplankton, predation, forage fish, year-class strength, life history, competition DESCRIPTION: This project examined the interactions and ecology of young forage fish (primarily alewife and chub) by comparing how these fish share or compete for food and space, and by assessing the impact that predators have on forage fish populations. With this knowledge, the investigators will then design experiments that will determine the critical factors behind year-class strength. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no 205 MAGNUSON, J.; CROWDER, L. ; MCDONALD, M. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Limnology; North Carolina - North Carolina State University, Raleigh Zool ogy De pt . ; Minnesota - University of Minnesota, Duluth Natural Resources Research Institute COMPETITION FOR RESOURCES AMONG LAKE MICHIGAN FORAGE FISHES: CONSEQUENCES OF AN ALEWIFE DECLINE Starting date: 6/01/1984 Completion date: 8/31/1986 Proj ec t no : R/LR-3 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Southern Lake Michigan near Grand Haven, Michigan KE YW OR DS : biology, fish, distribution, temperature, predation, alewife, rainbow smelt, habitat, chub, growth, size, diet, zooplankton, competition, forage fish, populations, yellow perch, benthic invertebrates, Mysis, Pontoporeia, prey, year-class strength, Amphipoda DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To (1 ) repeat bottom trawl survey conducted in August- September 1977,79,80 to assess habitat or diet shifts in this fish community when alewives are relatively rare; (2) analyze fishes caught during earlier studies and in 1984-85 for changes in growth; (3) examine evidence for changes in zooplankton size due to the decline in alewives; (4) examine evidence for reductions in benthic prey available due to the bloater increase; (5) document the decline in size at age for the newly abundant forage fishes and the change in size structure of the alewife populations; (6) determine the age when bloater gill raker metrics stabilize in relation to their shift to the bottom. Me thod ol og y : Sample fish with bottom trawls along isotherms and in midwater with sonar. Sample zooplankton with nets and benthos with a Sm i th-Mac In tyr e dredge. Analyze diets, prey availability and changes in size at age, and shifts in gill raker morphology. Ra t ion ale : Present conditions offer a unique opportunity to examine the resource use patterns of Lake Michigan forage fish when alewives are rare. Data on these patterns in years LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING when alewives dominated and when alewives and bloater were both abundant will allow comparisons of habitats, diets, growth and gill raker morphology with the current forage fish community under conditions nearly impossible to re-create experimentally. Results of mac robent hos part of study: Declines of approximately 50% in the macrobenthos densities were observed in 1984 relative to previous samples when alewives were the dominant predator. In 1985, the composition of the fish community remained similar to 1984, but overall densities were greatly reduced. Concomitant with decreased densities of fishes, increased densities of macrobenthos were found. This suggests that the Lake Michigan macrobenthos can respond rapidly to changes in predation by the fish community. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no 206 MAHONE Y, E. ; STYNES, D. J. Michigan - Michigan State University, East Lansing Parks and Recreation De pt . SEGMENTING AND DEVELOPING DEMAND MICHIGAN'S SPORT FISHING MARKET EQUATIONS FOR Starting date: 2/01/1985 Completion date: 1/31/1987 Proj ec t no : R/ R-1 9 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Michigan; Michigan waters of the Great Lakes KE YW OR DS : sport fishing, recreation, model, marketing, economics, value, survey DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : 1) To determine whether market segments, especially attributes sought and behavioral segments, remain constant or change through- out the years. 2) To estimate angling origin/ destination patterns separately for each segment and estimate the demand, supply and value of sport fishing in Michigan. 3) To test and evaluate market segmentation in relationship in multinomial logit models of angler's choices. 4) To estimate the expend- itures by anglers comprising different market s e gm en t s . Me thod ol og y : One questionnaire developed for the study will provide information on angling origin-destina- tion patterns. Demand and supply equations will be estimated separately for each segment ident- ified in the first year of the study. The seg- mentation data provide a vehicle for exploring the applicability of logit models to fishing site choices. The questionnaire will collect information on the respondent's last fishing trip including expenditures. This data will be used to determine the expenditure impact of sport fishing in Michigan. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref . no . 207 MAKAREWICZ, J. New York - State University of N. Y. , Brockport De pt . of Biological Sciences GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY SAMPLING Starting date: 1 983 Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: U.S. EPA - Great Lakes National Program Office AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Huron; Lake Erie KE YW OR DS : water quality, chemistry, nutrients, silica, phosphorus, inorganics, ph y to pi an kton , zooplankton, distribution, composition, primary production, eutro phic atio n , monitoring DESCRIPTION: For Lake Michigan, open lake water quality samples are being collected at 10 stations south to north on 8-9 different dates to measure nutrient trends and estimate trophic conditions. Nutrient analyses, primary productivity measurements, and identification of ph yto pi an kto n and zooplankton are being performed. The distribution and composition of ph yto pi an kto n and zooplankton are being related to the phosphorus limitation program in the Great Lakes Basin. Two publications from this work are in press. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 98M -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 208 MANNY, B. Michigan - National Fisheries Center - Great Lakes, Ann Arbor EFFECTS OF NUTRIENT LOADING ON LAKE TROUT SPAWNING AND NURSERY HABITAT IN GREAT LAKES WATERS Starting date: 10/1 982 Completion date: 9/1988 Proj ec t no : Sponsor: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Huron KE YW OR DS : biology, fish, lake trout, habitat, spawning, reefs, water quality, e utro phica t ion , detritus, loading, sed im en ta tio n DESCRIPTION: Limnological conditions on historically important lake trout spawning grounds in Lake Huron and Lake Michigan are assessed in order to determine if e utro phic atio n , which has occured since the native fish stocks were extinguished in the 1 94 ' s and 1950's, has adversely affected the instrinsic potential of these areas to support lake trout reproduction. Results to date indicate that accelerated eutro phic atio n and the settling out and decay of lake-produced detrital matter has rendered some historically productive lake trout spawning grounds unsuitable for use. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 209 MANNY, B. ; Mic hig an Mic nig an Mic hig an FAHNENSTIEL, G.L.J GARDNER, W.S. - National Fisheries Center - Great Lakes, - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor; - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor Ann Arbor ; BIOAVAILABILITY OF PRECIPITATION-BORNE PHOSPHORUS TO PHYTO PLANKTON IN THE UPPER GREAT LAKES Starting date : 1984 Completion date: 1986 Pro j ec t no : Spo nso r : U.S. Fi sh and Wildlife Service; NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan; Laboratory KE YW OR DS : nutrients, phosphorus, bioavailability, biology, water quality, ph yto pi an kton , precipitation, acid rain, atmospheric, tributaries, runoff, bioassay, chlorophyll, e utro phica t ion , chemistry, loading, pH, rain, inorganics DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v e : To determine to what extent pho spho rus- st ar v ed Great Lakes ph y to pi an kto n can use phosphorus from atmospheric precipitation (normal and acidified). Res ults : Laboratory experiments demonstrated that rainwater additions to epilimnetic lake water from southeastern Lake Michigan stimulated chl oro ph yl 1- a production during 12- to 20-d incubations. Chlo ro ph yll- a production did not begin until 3-5 d after the rain and lake water were mixed. Stimulations caused by additions of rain acidified to pH 3.0 were usually greater than those caused by addition of untreated (pH 4.0-4.5). Phosphorus in rain was the factor that stimulated ph yto pi an kton growth; initial P-33 turnover times were significantly correlated with chlorophyll produced. Atmospheric phosphorus additions are ecologically important because rain provides about 25% of the annual phosphorus load to offshore waters of Lake Michigan and represents nearly all new phosphorus added to offshore waters during the summer period of thermal stratification and nutrient limitation. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 21 MARANS, R. ; BULKLEY, J. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Institute for Social Research; Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor School of Natural Resources TRENDS AND EMERGING ISSUES IN GREAT LAKES MANAGEMENT: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY Starting date: 2/01/1985 Completion date: 1/31/1988 Proj ec t no : R/ RP-04 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Great Lakes KE YW OR DS : policy, economics, management, review, survey DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1 ) Investigation of a range of Great Lakes land and water resource relationships via the administration of a detailed survey questionnaire to appropriate units of government. This range of resource relationships will include water quality, coastal resources, toxics, quantity and flows, among others. (2) Compare the results of this survey with baseline data gathered during the 1971/72 survey of governmental bodies with jurisdiction over Great Lakes shoreline. These results will provide a basis for trend analysis as well as for the identification of new and emerging Great Lakes issues. Met hod ol ogy : A questionnaire, similar to one administered to Great Lakes shoreline communities in 1971, will be distributed to about 1200 jurisdictions in the U.S. and Canada in the fall of 1986. The data will provide for the analysis of current issues and practices with regard to resource management and will allow for comparison with the 1971 data. Detailed analysis of the current data, together with trend analysis, will enable the investigators to articulate policy options for decision makers. This will be done through survey feedback, group meetings, and a final report to all communities participating in the study. Bene fits : 1) Preparation and dissemination of survey information to guide in the development of policy alternatives for the Great Lakes. 2) Generation and analysis of data with broad policy applications. 3) Contribution to the Great Lakes data base, LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING a foundation for future trend analysis. 4) Information which should be useful for Great Lakes decision makers, including Great Lakes governors, state and federal legislators, the Great Lakes Commission, and the community of organizations/ individuals with policy making authority. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN U ING Ref . no . 21 1 MATSUMURA, F. Michigan - Michigan State University, East Lansing Pesticide Research Center STUDIES ON THE TOXIC OLO GI C AL SIGNIFICANCE OF TOXAPHENE RESIDUES IN THE GREAT LAKES ECOSYSTEM Starting date: 1/01/1983 Completion date: 1/31/1986 Proj ec t no : R/ TS -2 4 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Great Lakes KE YW OR DS : toxics, fish, toxaphene, biology, chemistry, organics, contaminants, water quality, bioassay, invertebrates, o rg anoc hi or in e pesticides DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To analyze toxaphene residues in Great Lakes fish and determine their characteristics. To synthesize and isolate toxic toxaphene com- ponents (congeners) and establish their pre- sence in the Great Lakes region. To assess the extent of metabolic and other environ- mental changes and finally to assess the tox ic ol og ic al meaning of the presence of toxaphene residues in Great Lakes ecosystems. Met hod ol ogy : To address the objectives of this study, the toxicity of the toxa phen e-1 i ke residue will be determined with bioassays using suitable vertebrate and invertebrate species. Also analyses will be done on residues for the presence of the major identified toxicants A, B, and C. Also studied will be the similarity of the toxa phen e-li ke residue with known environmental transformation processes Ra t ion ale : The clarification of the presence of toxaphene in the Great Lakes ecosystem is an important environmental and health issue. Users of this data, such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Admin., will be able to make better judgements about the hazards to consumers of fish in the Great Lakes r eg ion . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 212 MATSUMURA, F. Michigan - Michigan State University, East Lansing Pesticide Research Center STUDIES ON THE TOXIC OLO GI C AL SIGNIFICANCE OF AND TOXAPHENE RESIDUES IN GREAT LAKES FISH CHLORDANE Starting date: 2/01/1986 Completion date: 1/31/1988 Pro j ec t no : R/ TS -2 7 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Great Lakes KE YW OR DS : biology, chemistry, toxics, chlordane, toxaphene, fish, salmonid, uptake, biotransformation, tumors, b iod eg rad atio n , lake trout, rainbow trout, brown trout, chinook salmon, coho salmon, organics, bioassay, model, org anoc hi or in e pesticides DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : 1) Analysis of chlordane and toxaphene residues in various tissues of 5 species of Great Lakes salmonids with emphasis on component profiling. 2) Acute bioassays to assess the presence of toxic components relative to technical material. 3) Neuroreceptor site binding affinity studies to determine the specificity of mode of action. 4) Model ecosystem and in vitro biotransformation experiments designed to address relative uptake and b iod egr ad ab ility . 5) Advanced assessment of the tox ic ol og ic al relevance of the residue using tests for tumor promoter activity. Met hod ol ogy : Methods will include a combination of analytical residue analysis of multiple species and multiple tissues coupled with promoting ability in an in vitro test system to assess the relative toxicologic potency of environmentally derived chlordane and toxaphene residues. Neuroreceptor studies will demonstrate the specificity of the response while in vitro metabolism and laboratory exposures will provide mechanisms for residue composition. Ra t ion ale : This research will provide a sound approach to the relative safety assessment of chlordane LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING and toxaphene residues in Great Lakes fish. Ace ompl i shmen ts : Separation and quantification of residues from 1982-1985. Toxicity assessment of chlordane begun. Paper submitted for 1936 Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry annual meeting. Toxaphene manuscript to be submitted to Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no . 21 3 MCCOMISH, T. Indiana - Ball State University, Muncie Biol ogy De pt . FOOD HABITS OF SALMON IDS IN INDIANA WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 4/01/1984 Completion date: 4/30/1987 Pro j ec t no : R/ F-0 1 Sponsor: Illinois/Indiana Sea Grant Program AREA: Indiana waters; Southern Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: fish, trout, lake trout, diet, biology, salinonid, chinook salmon, coho salmon, perch, smelt, alewife, c hub , f o r ag e fi sh DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To (1 ) collect salmonid stomach contents and monitor food habits of major salmonids at several sites in Indiana waters of Lake Michigan between April and September, 1986; (2) compare food habits of major salmonids in 1986 with previous data collected in 1984-85 and in the 1970's; (3) provide data to the coordinator of the Great Lakes Sea Grant Network Study on this subject. Me thod s : Salmonids used for food habit evaluation will be caught mainly by sport fishermen in conjunction with fishing derbies at several locations in Indiana waters of Lake Michigan. Fish will be identified, measured, sexed, and weighed at dock side. Food habits will be evaluated in terms of species, date, size, and location of capture. Results of stomach analyses will be compared, as possible, with available forage food items. Res ul ts : The major forage fish population in 1973 was dominated by alewives (45%), followed by yellow perch (30%) and rainbow smelt (25%). By 1984-86, the forage fish population shifted to dominance by perch (78-86%), followed by smelt (3-18%), bloater chub (2-11%), and alewife (1%). Diet studies conducted in 1970 for coho salmon, chinook salmon, and lake trout revealed alewives as the single dominant forage fish consumed (93-100%). By comparison, the 1984-86 evaluation LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING revealed striking change due to forage base dynamics but continued strong salmonid preference for alewives which composed 33-80% of all diets. Continued salmonid selection of alewives is of concern since al ewi fe abundance is declining. This effect is somewhat mediated by increases in the bloater populations. It is clear that perch are not replacing alewives as a salmonid food in proportion to their current dominance of nearshore forage. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 214 MCCOMISH, T. Indiana - Ball State University, Muncie Biol ogy De pt . YELLOW PERCH STOCKS IN INDIANA WATERS Starting date: 1 983 Completion date: 1984 Proj ec t no : Sponsor: National Marine Fisheries Institute AREA: Indiana waters; Southern Lake Michigan KE YW OR D3 : biology, fish, perch, fecundity, age, growth, monitoring, diet, populations DESCRIPTION: This project assessed the yellow perch populations in the Indiana waters of Lake Michigan. Also did tag study previous years; compared 1973 to the 1984 study. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 215 MCCORMICK, M.J. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor THERMAL STRUCTURE FORECASTING Starting date: 1 983 Completion date: Continuing Project no: Task 1.7 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Lake Erie; Lake Huron; La ke On tar io KEYWORDS: model, physical, meteorology, evaporation, climate, thermocline, water quality, temperature, mixing DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : (1) To evaluate four representative thermocline models as forecasting tools for predicting temperature profiles in the Great Lakes. (2) To assess the implications of model selection on vertical mixing from a water quality modeling viewpoint. A method for predicting thermal structure in lakes will be published in 1986. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref . no . 21 6 MCCORMICK, M.J. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor VERTICAL DYNAMICS OF TOXIC ORGANICS IN THE GREAT LAKES Starting date : 1983 Completion date: Continuing Project no: Task 4.5 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: model, decomposition, toxics, o rg an ic s , contaminants, residence time, DDT, PCBs, PA Hs , research needs, cycling, atmospheric, partition coefficients, volatilization, thermocline, circulation, physical, chemistry, transport, currents, water quality, air-water interface, diffusion, o rg anoc hi or in e pesticides DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : (1) To develop a mathematical model for predicting the vertical distribution of toxic materials in the Great Lake s . (2) To identify research needs and estimate prediction uncertainties by first-order error propagation. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref . no . 21 7 MCCORMICK, M. J.; CAMPBELL, J. E. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor GREENHOUSE EFFECTS ON GREAT LAKES TEMPERATURES Starting date : 1986 Completion date: 1986 Project no: Task 1.15 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake La ke On tar io Superior; Lake Huron; Lake Erie KE YW OR DS : atmospheric, physical, temperature, carbon dioxide, lake levels, evaporation, ice, model, meteorology DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1) To predict the long-term effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on the temperature structure of each of the Great Lakes. (2) To predict the long-term consequences of changes in the heating cycle on lake levels, evaporation, and ice formation. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN U ING Ref . no . 21 8 MCCORMICK, M. J. ; CAMPBELL, J. E. ; CLITES, A. H. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor LAGRANGIAN EFFECTIVENESS OF SA TE LLITE -TR AC KE D SURFACE DRIFTERS Starting date : 1983 Completion date: 1985 Pro j ec t no : Task 1.12 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: physical, satellite, currents, wind, waves DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1) To estimate gross slippage errors of current drifters used in the Great Lakes. (2) To estimate the wind and wave components of si ippag e er ro r s . (3) To estimate patchiness scales and Lagrangian d i f f usi v itie s from Lagrangian statistics. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI NG Ref. no. 219 MCDONOUGH, M. ; COBB, M. Michigan - Michigan State University, East Lansing Park and Recreation Resources COMMUNITY INTEGRATION INFORMATION NETWORKS INTO GREAT LAKES TOURISM Starting date: 2/01/1985 Completion date: 1/31/1986 Project no: R/R-17 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Michigan shoreline; Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Lake Huron ; Lake Er ie KEYWORDS: tourism, sociology, recreation, economics DESCRIPTION: This project will compare information networks among tourism businesses along Michigan's shorelines and their relationships to official tourism agencies. Recommendations will be made to tourism businesses on how to best work together to attract more tourists. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT I NU I NG Ref. no. 220 MEYERS, P. A.; LEENHEER, M.J.; EADIE, B.J. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Dept.; Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SUSPENDED AND SETTLING PARTICULATE MATTER IN LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: Completion date: 1985 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: National Science Foundation; NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: chemistry, geochemistry, organic matter, transport, lipids, particulates, fatty acids, sediments, sediment traps, alkanols, sterols, aliphatic hydrocarbons, resuspension , nepheloid layer, sediment-water interface, organics, sedimentation, degradation, particle size DESCRIPTION: Sediment traps at numerous locations in Lake Michigan have provided samples of sedimenting material which have been analyzed for their contents of biornarker fatty acids, alkanols, sterols, and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Processes involved in transforming and transporting organic matter entrained in sedimenting particles have been inferred from the results of these analyses. Near-surface material contains important contributions of land-derived organic matter, presumably of eolian input. Midwater particles have predominantly aquatic organic material of algal origin. At the sediment- water interface, selective suspension of the finer fractions of surficial sediments enriches bottom nepheloid layers with these sediment size classes. As a result, near-bottom particulate matter has an aquatic biornarker character. Organic matter associated with sinking particles undergoes substantial degradation during passage to the bottom of Lake Michigan, and aquatic components are selectively destroyed relative to terrigenous components. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 221 MICHAUD, D. T. ; SOHNS, L. E. Wisconsin - Wisconsin Electric Power Company, Milwaukee STABILIZED FLYASH AS ARTIFICIAL REEF CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL Starting date: 3/01/1981 Completion date: Continuing Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Wisconsin Electric Power Company AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: engineering, artificial reefs, power plants, flyash, economics, waste disposal DESCRIPTION: Disposal of coal combustion waste in urbanized areas is a significant problem for many utilities due to limited landfill space near power plants. This situation is stimulating research of environmentally acceptable alternatives to current disposal practices. One alternative receiving consideration is the use of stabilized flyash as artificial reef construction material. Artificial reefs can enhance fish production in freshwater and marine waterbodies which are devoid of natural reefs. The feasibility of constructing flyash block reefs in the marine environment has been established by previous research. Wisconsin Electric has embarked on a multi-year research program, which, if successful, could result in the construction of numerous flyash block artificial reefs in Lake Michigan. Completed research of the technical and economic feasibility of constructing flyash block reefs in Lake Michigan continues to be encouraging. Tests to determine the environmental effects of flyash block placement in Lake Michigan are underway. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref. no. 222 MICHIGAN DEPT. OF NAT. RESOURCES Michigan - Michigan De pt . of Natural Resources, Lansing Land and Water Management Division GREAT LAKES INFORMATION SYSTEM Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Michigan De pt . of Natural Resources AREA: Michigan; Great Lakes KE YW OR D3 : geology, mapping, bathymetry, model, database, management, land use DESCRIPTION: The Great Lakes Information System has two primary obj ec t ives : (1 ) Integ compu impro (2) Ident rese a The foe in fo rm atio n in fo rma t ion in fo rm atio n inclusion in Ma them atic al in making re impac ts o f v rate Great Lake ter i zed data ba ve and enhance ify information re h to prov id e al point of GLI system . GLIS a searching and r c an be 1 oc ated , the geographic sim ul ation mod source manageme ar io us actions s data and se which w r eso urc e m gaps and needed dat S is a c om 1 so ha s a e tr iv al ca c atal og ed al in forma el s are be n t d eci sio a f f ec ting in fo rm a ill be u an ag em en adv oca te a and in p uteri ze strong b pab ilit y and ev a tion sys ing loca ns and e the Grea tion into a sed to t d ec isio ns . targe ted formatio n . d geographical ibl iog raphic so that luated for tern . ted for use stimating the t Lakes. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 223 MITCHELL, C. ; WALKER, S. H.; KELLY, T. K. Michigan - Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Suttons Bay COMMERCIAL FISHING ASSESSMENT Starting date : 10/1 985 Completion date: Continuing Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Inter-Tribal Fishery Management Program, BIA con tr act AREA: Northern Lake Michigan; Grand Traverse Bay KEYWORDS: biology, fish, lake trout, monitoring, commercial fishing, whitefish, forage fish, sport fishing, yellow perch, bloater chub, burbot, forage fish, management, biomass, growth, populations, mortality, sea lamprey wounding DESCRIPTION: The commercial and subsistance fishing catch of all Grand Traverse Bay tribal fishers are monitored and sampled for stock assessment. Other activities include whitefish tagging, forage base studies, and sampling of sport anglers and ice fishers. Species sampled include lake whitefish, lake trout, yellow perch, bloater chubs and all forage species. Burbot sampling will begin this year. This program provides the tribe with biological information and management recommendations necessary to conserve the treaty fishery resource in Grand Traverse Bay and adjacent Lake Michigan. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref. no. 224 MORTIMER, C. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee COUPLING Of PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS IN LARGE LAKES Starting date: Completion date: 1985 Proj ec t no : Sponsor: NOAA/GLERL AREA: Great Lakes KE YW OR D3 : physical, biology, management, monitoring, research needs, institutions DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tive : To identify gaps in data needed for management actions on lakes, to optimize the design of experimental and monitoring programs, to fill the gaps, and to "listen" to relevant in-lake signals identifying critical responses of the real system. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 225 MORTIMER, C. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee INTERNAL MOTION AND RELATED INTERNAL WAVES IN LAKE MICHIGAN AND LAKE ONTARIO AS RESPONSES TO IMPULSIVE WIND STRESSES, PART II. Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: NOAA/GLERL AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Ontario KE YW OR DS : model, physical, wind, internal waves, seiche, currents DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tive : Description of near- in er tial period internal waves and currents in the lakes in terms of the Poincare wave conceptual model. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 226 MUNAWAR, M. ; ROSS, P. Ontario - Canadian Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington Great Lakes Fisheries Research Branch Illinois - Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign NANO-PLANKTON DYNAMICS IN THE NORTH AMERICAN GREAT LAKES Starting date: 1981 Completion date: 1984 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Fisheries and Oceans Canada AREA: Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : biology, ph yto pi an kto n , water quality, chlorophyll, primary production, zooplankton, zooplankton grazing DESCRIPTION: LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 227 MURPHY, T. Illinois - DePaul University, Chicago Chemi stry De pt . THE DESIGN OF A GREAT LAKES ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION AND SOURCE NETWORK Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: U.S. EPA - Great Lakes National Program Office AREA: Great Lakes KE YW OR DS : chemistry, monitoring, toxics, organics, atmospheric, loading, inorganics, nutrients, water quality, transport, meteorology, climate, deposition DESCRIPTION: LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref. no. 228 NALEPA, T.F. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor DISTRIBUTION OF BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES Star ting date : Completion date: 1985 Project no: Task 6.8 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: biology, benthic, invertebrates, respiration, sediment oxygen demand, bacteria, distribution, populations, sediments DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1) To determine the quantitative and qualitative distribution of the benthic meiofauna. (2) To document both temporal and spatial variations in these populations and examine potential factors causing these variations. (3) To determine the vertical distribution of meio- and macrofauna in the sediment and of selected m ic roc rustac ea in the sediment-water column. (4) To partition the rate of sediment oxygen uptake into its various components and thus determine the relative importance of the bacteria, meio-, and macrofauna in total community respiration. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 229 NALEPA, T.F. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor LONG-TERM TRENDS IN LAKE MICHIGAN BENTHIC FAUNA Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Project no: Task 6.22 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: biology, benthic, invertebrates, distribution, historical, sediments, populations DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tive : To determine and interpret long-term trends in the benthic fauna of Lake Michigan. Manuscript from this project is presently in review. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 98H -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 230 NALEPA, T.F. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor FISH ENCLOSURE EXPERIMENTS IN A PROFUNDAL AREA OF THE GREAT LAKES Starting date: 1 986 Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Task 6. 47 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: biology, fish, predation, benthic invertebrates, populations, food chain, secondary production, abundance DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1 ) Determine the impact of fish predation on benthic invertebrate abundance and composition. (2) Obtain quantitative estimates of the transfer of secondary production into fish production. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no 231 NALEPA, T.F.; GARDNER, W.S.; QUIGLEY, M. A. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS RELEASE RATES FROM LAKE MICHIGAN SEDIMENTS AND RELATION TO BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE ABUNDANCES Starting date: 1984 Completion date: 12/1986 Project no: Task 6.36 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : biology, benthic invertebrates, populations, sediments, nutrients, phosphorus, cycling, inorganics, sediment cores, regeneration, chemistry, abundance DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : (1) To obtain phosphorus release rate measurements on intact sediment cores from several locations in La ke Mic hig an . (2) To estimate the quantitative significance, relative to other phosphorus inputs, of sediment phosphorus release in Lake Michigan. (3) To determine the relation between sediment phosphorus release rates and benthic invertebrate abundances. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 232 O'LEARY, J.T.; WALLACE, S.J. Indiana - Purdue University, West Lafayette Forestry and Natural Resources Dept. FACTORS AFFECTING PARTICIPATION IN IN DIA NA -BASE D RECREATION ON SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 4/01/1985 Completion date: 3/31/1987 Project no: R/C-02 Sponsor: Illinois/Indiana Sea Grant Program AREA: Indiana shoreline of Southern Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: management, recreation, tourism, sociology, survey, economics DESCRIPTION: This study will focus on participation at public and private recreation facilities along the Indiana shoreline of Lake Michigan. The sample for this mail survey includes 600 randomly-selected people from each of the three lakefront counties in Indiana (Lake, Porter, and LaPorte), as well as 700 people from Cook County in Illinois. The main thrust of the study is to identify any association that may exist between soc iod emog raphic variables of visitors and site attribute factors that influence site selection. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UIN G Ref. no. 2 33 OWEN, R.M. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences De pt . A SEDIMENT DISPERSAL MODEL FOR LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 7/01/1987 Completion date: 6/30/1988 Pro j ec t no : R/ES-01 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : geology, physical, sediments, sediment transport, model, geochemistry, water quality, circulation, mixing DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : The primary objective of the proposed research is to apply recently developed g eo sta ti st ic al modelling techniques to the problem of identifying the composition and dispersal pattern of g eoc hem ic al 1 y significant end-members in the surficial sediments of Lake Michigan. Met hod ol ogy : Sediments are composed of mixtures of geochemical end-members. The dispersal model will be developed by combining recently developed mathematical techniques capable of 1) isolating a set of sediment parameters which can serve to identify the significant geochemical end-members within the sediments (by end-member compositional Q-mode factor analysis), and 2) resolving the relative amount of each end-member within given mixture of end-members (by a linear programming tec hn ique ) . Ra t ion ale : Because of their low solubilities and/or sorption characteristics, many substances which enter the aquatic environment are rapidly incorporated into the sediments. These sediments are then dispersed and mixed with sedimentary materials from other sources. A knowledge of the actual or potential dispersal patterns of these sediments is critical for making water quality management decisions concerning the location of wastewater outfalls, whether or not pollutants will be trapped in nearshore environments, the effects of mixing with detrital materials from other source areas, and the effects of seasonal variations in circulation patterns. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 234 OWEN, R.M. ; LONG, D. T. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Dept.; Michigan - Michigan State University, East Lansing Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE SEDIM ENT -WATER PROFUNDAL LAKE SEDIMENTS INTERFACE IN Starting date: 7/01/1987 Completion date: 6/30/1989 Project no: R/ES-02 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Lake Huron KEYWORDS: geology, chemistry, geochemistry, nepheloid layer, fluff layer, trace metals, cycling, inorganics, diagenesis, porewater, sediment-water interface, sediments, sodium, lead, mercury, arsenic, aluminum, silica, calcium, magnesium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, sulfur, carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, pH, model, nutrients DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : The goal of this study is to determine the g processes and rates of reactions occuring at sediment-water interface in large freshwater The first year of study concentrates on Lake and the second year on Lakes Huron and Michi term "geochemistry" refers to the first-row elements; the metal group Pb , Hg , and As; se earth elements; pH; dissolved oxygen; carbon species; the ligands CI, S04, S-2; the catio Mg , Na , and K; the anions Al and Si. The ov will be to 1) determine the origins and role nepheloid layer and fluff layer in controlli cycling at the sediment-water interface; and a model for the geochemical cycling of eleme the sediment-water interface. Me thodolog y : A manned submersible will be used to collect sediment samples in five chemical zones of t defined by this study: the pr e-nepheloid la nepheloid layer, the "fluff" zone, the sedim interface, and the column sediments. The ch the waters and the chemistry and mineralogy will be measured from which t hermod ynam ic/ ki eochem ic al the 1 ake s . Super ior g an . The tr ansi tion 1 ec ted rar e d iox ide ns Ca , erall goal s of the ng elemental 2 ) constr uc t n ts ac ro ss water and he lake yer , the en t-wa ter em istr y of of the sediments netic models LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G of the systems will be developed. Rational e : At the sediment-water interface the nature of nutrient cycling and the fate of contaminants are determined. There is, however, a dearth of knowledge about this interface in profundal lake sediments compared to what is known about the interface in marine systems. The use of manned submersible will help resolve this problem by affording the detailed study of two important aspects of the sediment-water interface in the Great Lakes: the presence of a nepheloid layer and the chemical gradients at the in ter face . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no 235 PETERSON, R. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy TOXIC HALOGENATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS GAMETES AS A FACTOR OF FRY SURVIVAL Starting date: 9/01/1987 Completion date: 8/31/1992 Proj ec t no : R/MW-40 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin IN LAKE TROUT Sea Grant Institute AREA: Lake Michigan; Laboratory KEYWORDS: chemistry, dioxins, PCBs , organics, toxics, contaminants, biology, fish, eggs, reproduction, lake trout, larval fish, nutrition, TCDD, synergism, furans, naphthalene, d ib en zo-p-d iox ins DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : To determine if: (1) lake trout contain toxic halogenated aromat (2) the fry develop a TCDD-like death; (3) the cause of wasting yolk sac nutrients, hepatotoxici (4) TCDD or PCB isomers that are inducers cause similar toxicity, of TCDD and PCB isomers act addi tox icity . Me thod ol og y : Experimental lake trout hatchery TCDD research on aquatic species methodology, cell culture equipm for TCDD metabolites, methodolog (AHH, EROD). Ra t ion ale : Isomers of halogenated aromatic d ib en zo-p-d iox ins , d ib en zof ur ans by the same mechanism as TCDD bu potencies may be present in Lake gametes in high enough amounts a in combination to produce a TCDD in fry that ultimately causes de »Ben ef i ts : (1) If this study determines tha failure is caused by toxic halog (THAHs) in gametes, it would str eggs from Lake Michigan ic h yd roc arbons ; wasting syndrome before is impaired adsorption of ty, or reduced food intake; MC-, PB - or mixed-type and (5) combinations tively to cause fry , Biotron facility for , body composition en t , HPLC methodology y for enzyme assays hydrocarbons (biphenyls, , naphthalenes) that act t have widely varying Michigan lake trout nd sufficiently potent -like wasting syndrome ath . t lake trout reproductive enated aromatic hydrocarbons ongly influence lake trout LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G stocking policies for Lake Michigan; (2) If THAHs act additively to cause fry mortality, regulatory agencies will need to know the total egg burden of THAHs to predict the risk to lake trout reproduction. Inexpensive hepatoma induction assays could screen eggs for total THAH contamination so that expensive i somer-s peci f ic GC-MS analyses are only done on "induction positive" samples. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 98 4 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 236 PETERSON, R. ; LECH, J. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy Wisconsin - Medical College of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Pharmac ol ogy POLYCHLORINATED DI B ENZ 0-P -DIO XI NS (PCDDS) AND DIBENZOFURANS (PCDFS): PERSISTENCE AND TOXICITY IN FRESHWATER FISH Starting date: 1/01/1981 Completion date: 8/31/1987 Pro j ec t no : R/MW-2 7 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin AREA: Laboratory Sea Grant Institute KE YW OR DS : rainbow trout, biology, physiology, yellow perch, depuration, b io ace umula t ion , dioxins, TCDD, organics, chemistry, contaminants, PCDD, PC DF , d ib en zo-p- diox in s , d ib en zof ur ans , fish, toxics, bioassay DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To (1) study metabolism of 2, 3i 7, 8-te tr ac hi orod ib en zo- p-dioxin (TCDD) in ten fish species and identify metabolites; (2) study b io accumul atio n , tissue distribution and depuration of TCDD in yellow perch and rainbow trout; (3) study effects of TCDD on hi sto pa thol og y , growth rate and survival in six fish species; (4) study effects of TCDD on immune function (and disease resistance in rainbow trout; and (5) study effects of TCDD on reproductive function in rainbow trout. Me thod ol og y : UW biotron facility for TCDD research in fish, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid scintillation counting, and gas c hroma togra phy- mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Ra t ion ale : TCDD is a contaminant in fish; but no information exists on its metabolism, b io accumul atio n , tissue distribution and depuration study in fish. The information on toxicity deals primarily with lethality. Information on histo- pathology, growth rate, immune function, disease resistance and reproductive function in TCDD-exposed fish is sparse. Ac c om pi i shm en t s : (1) Developed facility for TCDD research on fish at the U.W. Biotron; (2) showed for the first time that fish LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING are able to metabolize TC DD ; (3) completed bio accumul atio n , tissue distribution and depuration study of TCDD in rainbow trout and yellow perch; (4) completed acute toxicity study of TCDD in juvenile perch and trout; (5) completed study on virus disease resistance and immune responses in rainbow trout exposed to TCDD. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 237 PEYTON, R.B. Michigan - Michigan State University, East Lansing De pt . of Fisheries and Wildlife AN ANALYSIS OF GREAT LAKES SALMONID ANGLER PREFERENCES AND EXPECTANCIES FOR FUTURE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS IN LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 7/01/1988 Completion date: 6/30/1989 Project no: R/RP-09 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : recreation, sport fishing, sociology, management, salmonid , fish, angler survey, lake trout, value DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec tiv es : 1. Investigate recreational stages and development processes in Great Lakes salmonid anglers. 2. Determine the awareness level, values and beliefs held by Great Lakes anglers regarding Great Lakes fi sher y i ssue s . 3. Determine representativeness of user input to management d eci sions . 4. Investigate factors which influence recruitment and drop rates among Great Lakes salmonid anglers. Met hod ol ogy : Anglers licensed by the Michigan De pt . of Natural Resources will be surveyed by mail questionnaire. Non-respondents will be sampled and sent abbreviated questionnaires. Field surveys (site intercepts) will be used to further develop questionnaire findings. Ratio nal e : Both the biology of Great Lakes fish communities and sociology of Great Lakes anglers appear to be in a transition state and neither is well understood. Conflicts in basic philosophy exist between Great Lakes policy setters. Public input to the management process has often been restricted to special interest groups. Great Lakes fishery management could be more effective and face less disruption if representative public input and an understanding of the soc ial/ ps yc hoi og ic al dynamics of anglers were gained. Both the well being of the Great Lakes resource and socio-economic benefits can be enhanced. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 238 PHILIPP, D.P. Illinois - Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign Aquatic Biology Section THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A STATE FISHERIES GENETICS PROGRAM IN ILLINOIS Starting date: 10/01/1983 Completion date: 6/30/1986 Proj ec t no : F-4 5-R Sponsor: Illinois De pt . of Conservation AREA: Lake Michigan; Jake Wolfe Hatchery; Illinois lakes KE YW OR DS : biology, fish, lake trout, genetics, biochemistry, populations, sport fishing, fish strains DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : To establish a program that would be a effort of Dept. of Conservation (DOC) biologists, DOC propagation biologists History Survey fisheries geneticists: the strengths and limitations of speci largemouth bass in Illinois for propag stocking programs, 2) to assess the ge of striped bass and F1 hybrid striped hybrids on native white bass populatio 3) to define the genetic composition o species of sportfishes, including lake produced at or procured by the DOC hat facilities for comparison with the ex i tions in the state. coord in ated field and Natural 1 ) to asse ss fie stocks of ation and netic impact x white bass ns , and f all of the trout , c her y sting popula- LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 239 PHILIPP, D. P. ; WHITT, G. S. Illinois - Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign Aquatic Biology Section REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF LAKE TROUT ON JULIAN'S REEF, LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date : 6/1 986 Completion date: 5/1988 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Illinois De pt . of Conservation AREA: Lake Michigan; Julian's Reef; Illinois waters KEYWORDS: biology, fish, lake trout, genetics, biochemistry, fish strains DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To identify strains of lake trout successfully spawning on Julian's Reef through the use of isozyme and mtDNA polymorphisms. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 240 QUIGLEY, M.A. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor PELLETIZATION OF LAKE MICHIGAN SEDIMENTS BY THE AMPHIPOD PONTOPOREIA HOYI Starting date: Completion date: Continuing Project no: Task 6.34 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : biology, chemistry, particle size, sediments, benthic, invertebrates, Amphipoda, feeding, nutrients, diet, regeneration, decomposition, Pontoporeia, cycling, coprophagy, fecal pellets, inorganics DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1) To identify P. hoyi feeding mode (continuous vs. in termi t tan t) throughout individual size classes and se aso n . (2) To determine particle size selection and sediment throughout rates of P. hoyi feeding in Lake Michigan sediments with respect to how such processes affect nutrient regeneration from sediments to overlying wa ter . (3) To describe the fate of P. hoyi fecal pellets including decomposition and disintegration rate, incidence of coprophagy, and probability of permanent burial. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no 241 QUIGLEY, M.A.; NALEPA, T. F. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor THE ROLE OF BENTHIC ANIMAL COMMUNITIES IN NUTRIENT REGENERATION PROCESSES OF SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: Com pi etio n d ate : Proj ec t no : Task Sponsor: NOAA 1986 6. 14 AREA: Southern Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: biology, benthic, invertebrates, nutrients, regeneration, sediments, organic carbon, dissolved oxygen, particle size, chemistry, cycling, inorganics DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1) To determine the extent of nutrient regeneration from nearshore sediments and to evaluate the importance of benthic animal activities in influencing such reg en er atio n . (2) To determine the vertical distribution of animals in sediments in relation to vertical profiles of nutrients, dissolved oxygen, organic carbon, water content, and par t icl e- si ze distribution. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 242 QUINN, F.H. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor WATER LEVELS AND FLOWS SIMULATION Starting date: 10/1 985 Completion date: 2/1986 Project no: Task 7.4 Sponsor: NO A A AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Lake Huron; Lake Erie; Lake Ontario; Detroit River; St. Clair River; Niagara Riv er KEYWORDS: model, physical, water quantity, diversion, inflow, precipitation, ice, hydrology, connecting channels, lake levels, flow, river, regulation, water quality DESCRIPTION: This task addresses the simulation and special studies aspects of the hydrologic research program. Two models have been developed for use to date. A hydrologic response model for the entire Great Lakes system incorporating the regulation plans for Lakes Superior and Ontario is being used for simulation studies on precipitation augmentation, ice retardation, system diversion, and connecting channel changes. Hydraulic transient models have been developed for the Detroit and St. Clair Rivers incorporating the complete equations for continuity and motion. These models can compute monthly flow rates, flow rates during wind tides and seiches, and flow rates for water quality stud ies . In this task small studies will be conducted as the need arises using the hydrologic response model and the hydraulic transient models either separately or in combination. A study is currently underway to determine the contribution of the record 1984 St. Clair River ice jam and the 1985 Niagara River ice jam to the record high lake levels (see Quinn, F. H. ; Derecki, J.) LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 2 43 QUINN, F.H.; AUBERT, E.J.; CROLEY, T. E. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor THE WATER SUPPLY OF THE GREAT LAKES: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE Starting date: 1984 Completion date: 1987 Proj ec t no : Task 7. 21 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Lake Huron; Lake Erie; Lake Ontario KEYWORDS: hydrology, physical, management, water supply, water use, historical, regulation, lake levels, mod el DESCRIPTION: Thi s t coherent fa supply and natural and it develops supply mana supply prob This includ water suppl done to man fur ther ac t ask draws together and summarizes in a shion the factors influencing the water lake levels of the Great Lakes, both anthropogenic, over the last century; a conceptual model of the existing water gement system and it discusses water lems, both present and anticipated, es status and trends of lake levels and y and demand, what the governments have age the water supply system, and what ions are need ed . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 244 QUINN, F. H. ; DERECKI , J. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor STUDIES ON THE RECORD ST. CLAIR RIVER ICE JAM OF 19 84 Star ting date : Completion date: Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: NOAA 1984 1 985 AREA: Lake Huron; Lake Michigan; St. Clair River; Lake Erie KEYWORDS: physical, winter, ice, lake levels, model, flow, navigation, connecting channels, river DESCRI Apr i 1 ev e Gr ea of t n umb Rive con t uppe Lake wa s Foil St. 1 ev e 3 ye d ur i 1 ake La ke 1 986 al so Gr ea PTIO The 1, 1 1 s a t La he j er o r . in uo r St St. deer owin Clai Is i Com ar s ng t s to s St as ill t La N: record 984, re nd flow kes. T am . Ch f sites St. CI a usl y re . Clair Clair eased b g the j r ro se n 4 day puter s for the he j am retur n . Clair the sto ustr ate kes sys break sul ted s and hi s st ang es along ir Ri v cord in Ri v er wa ter y the am bre rapidl s . imul at ex ces to be to pr and E r ed wa s the tern on ing St . in maj o on navig udy addr in water Lake St er flows g EM cur . Folio lev el s d j am . Th aking on y r ecov e CI air Ri v er ic e r impacts on Gre ation throughout e sse s the cause s 1 ev el s wer e mea . Clair and the were monitored r en t me ter s loca wing the onset o ropped about 60 e jam had a dura April 29 the wa ring about 75% o ions indicate that it wi s water stored on Lakes dissipated and for the 1 e- j am conditions. Addit rie will have higher wat ter drains through them, process of natural regul the seasonal cycle of 1 j am of at Lakes the and impacts sured at a St. Clair with two ted in the f the jam cm. as the flow tion o f 24 days . ters of Lake f the d rop in 11 take at least Mic hig an-Huron evels in those ionally both er 1 ev el s throug h This ice jam ation of the ev el s and f 1 ows . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 245 QUINN, F. H. ; KELLEY, R. N. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor UPDATE THE GREAT LAKES HYDROLOGIC DATA BASE, 1981-85 Starting date : 1986 Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Task 7. 23 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Lake Huron; Lake Erie; La ke On tar io KE YW OR DS : hydrology, database, lake levels, runoff, water quantity, model, watershed DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tive : The objective of this task is to maintain a hydrologic data base of sufficient quality for both scientific and water resource studies of the Great Lakes. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CONT IN U ING Re f . no . 246 QUINN, J. P. Illinois - Loyola University of Chicago Dept . of Biology BIOLOGY OF CRAYFISHES IN SOUTHWESTERN LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 1986 Completion date: 1987 Project no : Sponsor: Sponsor Not Known AREA: Southern Lake Michigan; Illinois waters KEYWORDS: biology, invertebrates, crayfish, habitat, fecundity, benthic, populations, survival, competition DESC la La pr CO an ar la an fe so CO th r a ap ma th CO fe RIPT T rger ke M obab r r el d nu e re rger d 0. male 1 ar mpr i e eg nge pr ox y d i em m mpen cund ION: wo s spe ichi ly t at io mber crui tha pro car ger ses gs a of ima t spl a ore sate ity . pecies of crayfish, Orconectes virilus (the cies) and 0. propinquus, are found in S.W. gan in rocky areas 6-15 m deep. Shelters are heir limiting resource as there is a significant n between the number of loose stones (shelters) of crayfish per 50 m transect. Both species ted at approx. 6 mm, but by fall, 0. virilis are n 0. propinquus. Adult 0. virilis are 30-45 mm pinquus are 17-30 mm. The number of eggs a ries is related to the surface area of the tail individuals produce more eggs. 0. virilis about 20% of total crayfish but about 40% of nd juveniles. When 0. virilis are in the size . propinquus adults their numbers decrease to ely 20% of the population. 0. propinquus ce like size 0. virilis from shelters leaving vulnerable to predation. 0. virilis then s for its lower survivorship by its higher LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 247 RAKOCZY, G. Michigan - Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources, Charlevoix Charlevoix Great Lakes Fisheries Station MEASUREMENT OF SPORT FISHING HARVEST IN LAKES MICHIGAN HURON, AND SUPERIOR Starting date: 5/01/1986 Completion date: 4/30/1988 Project no: F-53-R, Study 427 Sponsor: Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources AREA: Lake Huron, U.S. waters; Lake Superior, U.S. waters; Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: biology, fish, lake trout, sport fishing, monitoring, populations DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To obtain a continuous record of sport catch, catch rates, and catch composition in the Great Lakes and anadromous fisheries. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref. no. 248 RAPPE, C. Sweden - University of Umea, Umea Dept. of Organic Chemistry ISOMER SPECIFIC ANALYSIS FOR DIOXINS AND FURANS OF GREAT LAKES FISH Starting date: 6/1984 Completion date: 12/1986 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: U.S. EPA - Great Lakes National Program Office AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Lake Huron; Lake Ontario; Lake St. Clair; Netherlands KEYWORDS: chemistry, biology, fish, lake trout, toxics, PCDD, PCDF, contaminants, database, dioxins, furans, organics La ke Er ie ; DESCRIPTION: The purpose o statistically inte inated dibenzo dio and Midwest fish. Cl(4 )-Cl(8 ) PCDDs 5 samples (5 fish from 1 Great Lake samples (location 5 samples from the data and reports c with these contami f this project is to develop a rpretable data base on polychlor- xins and furans in the Great Lakes Isomer specific analysis of and PCDFs will be performed on composites) of lake trout each s sites (50 samples), 15 Region V and species to be decided) and Netherlands. Project will produce omparing Great Lakes and Region V nated European lakes. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no 249 RICE, C. P. ; MEYERS, P. A. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Great Lakes Research Division; Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Dept. PARTITIONING AND CYCLING OF TOXIC ORGANICS IN THE GREAT LAKES ECOSYSTEM Starting date: 1983 Completion date: Continuing Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: NOAA - Ocean Assessment Division/National Serv ice Oc ean AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: chemistry, geochemistry, lipids, sediment traps, PCBs , particulates, resuspen s ion , toxics, water quality, cycling, organics, dieldrin, suspended sediment, sediment-water interface, phthalates, c hloroben zenes , DDT, org anoc hi or in e pesticides DESCRIPTION: This st ud y is "The Cycling of To Great Lakes Ecosys The objective particle suspensio of toxic organic c Emphasis is placed and particulate po tox ic org an ic s , e . PCBs, phthalates, GC/MS scans will b of samples will be b iog eoc hem ic al eye epilimnion-hypolim zo nes , sue h as r iv part of a larger study entitled x ic Organic Substances in the tern" with GLERL/NOAA. of this project is to study the role n plays in the continued recycling ompounds in the Great Lakes ecosystem. on the analyses of the suspended rtions of the samples. Both selected g. pesticides (dieldrin, DDT, etc.), and c hloroben zenes , and nonselective e performed. Analysis of lipid biomarkers performed in order to follow ling at the sediment-water and nion interfaces and in other turbidity er plumes and coastal locations. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CONT IN UING Ref. no. 250 RICHARDS, R.P. Ohio - Heidelberg College, Tiffin Water Quality Laboratory REVIEW OF GREAT LAKES TRIBUTARY SAMPLING STRATEGIES Starting date: 9/1986 Completion date: 6/1988 Project no: R005918 Sponsor: U.S. EPA - Great Lakes National Program Office AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Lake Huron; Lake Ontario; Lake Erie; tributaries; Grand River; Great Lakes Basin KEYWORDS: water quality, chemistry, suspended sediment, loading, hydrology, runoff, contaminants, sampling, flow, pollutants, review, tributaries, watershed DESCRIPTION: This project will review and summarize high flow tributary data and use this information to develop recommendations for tributary sampling strategies for the Great Lakes Basin. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 251 RICHMAN, S. ; SAGER, P. Wisconsin - Lawrence University Biology Dept . ; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Green Bay Dept. of Science and Environmental Change THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PELAGIAL TROPHIC STRUCTURE AND ENERGY TRANSFER AS DETERMINERS OF E UTRO PH ICAT ION 1 Starting date: 9/01/1985 Completion date: 8/31/1988 Project no: R/GB-29 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Green Bay; Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: biology, eutrophic ation , primary production, fish, predation, ph y topi an kton , zooplankton, nutrients, chemistry, inorganics, grazing, temperature, nitrogen, silica, phosphorus, light, food chain, diet, top-down control, bottom-up control DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : To (1) assess biomass and feeding impacts of pelagi fishes on lower trophic level interactions. Object will be carried out in a related and coordinated st by J. Magnuson, UW-Madison; (2) measure phytoplankt and zooplankton size-biomass relationships and spec composition; (3) measure ph yto pi an kton and zooplank productivity, grazing and assimilation under in sit conditions; (4) determine vertical profiles of nitr silica, and phosphorus concentrations, and temperat and light conditions. These measurements will be m three locations in Green Bay with unique trophic co Met hodol ogy : Radioscope (C-14) will be used to measure phytoplan productivity and zooplankton grazing rates in situ different depths in the water column. Water sample for nutrient analysis and plankton species composit and biomass will also be taken. Ra t ion ale : The project is designed to develop information that help resolve the question of "bottom-up" (nutrient) "top-down" ( pr ed ation/ herb ivory) control of trophic or primary production in the pelagial ecosystem. T relevant to Lake Michigan where dramatic induced fluctuations in fish populations have affected zoo p community structure and subsequently water clarity. al ive udy on ies ton u ogen , ur e ade a t nd itio ns kton at s ion will vs . status his is 1 an kto n LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref. no. 252 ROBBINS, J. A. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor RESPONSE OF SEDIMENTS TO LONG-TERM INCREASES IN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF CONSERVATIVE SUBSTANCES IN OVERLYING WATERS Starting date : Completion date: 1985 Project no: Task 3.8 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: model, physical, chemistry, porewater, sediment cores, particulates, strontium, chloride, tritium, inorganics, water quality, sediments, radionuclides, tracer, tr ace me t als DESCRIPTION: Obj ec t ives : (1) To determine the distribution of conservative substances, such as stron ti um-90, chloride, and possibly tritium in pore waters of dated sediment cores. (2) To develop models that properly describe transport of solutes and particles in sediments and are consistent with the known changes in levels of conservative substances in the water column. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CONT IN UING Ref. no. 253 ROBBINS, J. A. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor PARTICLE TRACER MODEL DEVELOPMENT Star ting date : Compl etio n d ate : Proj ec t no : Task Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes Contin uing 3.7 KEYWORDS: radionuclides, physical, particulates, tracer, organics, toxics, behavior, contaminants, flux, water quality, transport, chemistry, model, sediment traps, sediments DESCRIPTION: Obj eel tives : (1 ) To obta r ad ion u Great L (2) To deve av er ag e of part (3) To deve and who the Ion cone en t (4) To inte behav io (5) To cali di str ib and sed (6) To use and to in optimal estim elides and stabl ake s . lop a one- dim ens d) model describ icl e- assoc ia ted lop two-dimensio 1 e , wel 1-mix ed 1 g-term time-depe rations in the 1 r fac e mod el s wi t r of o rg an ic con brate models on ut ion of r ad io tr im en ts . the models to pr develop optimum ates of the flux of e element tracers to the ional (horizontally ing the seasonal behavior tracers in the water column. nal (vertically averaged) ake box) models describing ndence of radiotracer a kes . h those describing the tarn in ants . the basis of known acers in water, trap materials, edict distributions of tracers field strategies. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no 254 ROBBINS, J. A.; EADIE, B.J. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor PRESENT AND HISTORICAL RECORDS OF CONTAMINANT FLUXES IN HIGH SEDIMENTATION AREAS OF THE GREAT LAKES Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Project no: Task 3.5 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: chemistry, historical, sediment cores, flux, toxics, contaminants, sedimentation, mixing, b iot urba t ion , radionuclides, inorganics, organics, model, deposition, sediments, transport, degradation, water quality, t r ac e metal s DESCRIPTION: Objectives: (1) To make precise determinations of sedimentation rates, ages of individual layers of sectioned sediment cores, and ranges and rates of biogenic mixing using radiometric methods. (2) To determine the concentration of selected elements and inorganic and organic chemical compounds in dated sediment sections. (3) To develop models that quantitatively describe the history of deposition of contaminants and take into account processes such as transport and degradation within the sediment column. (4) To use models to estimate the flux of contaminants from sediments into overlying water. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 255 ROBBINS, J. A.; WHITE, D. S. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor; Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor ROLE OF ZOOBENTHOS IN VERTICAL SEDIMENT TRANSPORT Starting date: Completion date: Continuing Project no: Task 3.6 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes KE YW OR DS : model, biology, chemistry, sediments, transport, inorganics, nutrients, deposition, mixing, radionuclides, particulates, b io turb atio n , benthic invertebrates, water quality, sed imen ta t ion DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1 ) To determine rates of sediment reworking by natural benthos populations. (2) To relate benthic densities and reworking rates to sedimentation and nutrient deposition rates. (3) To relate the vertical distribution of zoobenthos to sedimentation and mixing parameters determined rad iometrically. (4) To quantify the effects of benthos-mediated particle reworking on transport of solutes. (5) To develop mathematical models of the effects of benthos on particle and solute transport in sediments LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 98 4 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 256 ROSS, P.; RISATTI, J.; HENEBRY, M. Illinois - Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign; Illinois - Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign; Illinois - Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign ASSESSMENT SEDIMENTS OF ECOTOXICOLOGICAL HAZARD OF WAUKEGAN HARBOR Starting date: 1985 Completion date: 8/1986 Proj ec t no : Sponsor: University of Illinois Hazardous Waste Res. and Info. Center AREA: Waukegan Harbor; Lake Michigan; Illinois waters KEYWORDS: biology, toxics, chemistry, organics, bacteria, bioassay, sediments, PCBs , protozoan, ph y to pi an kton , nematodes, invertebrates, contaminants, metals, inorganics, risk assessment, degradation DESCRIPTION: This study will assess, in both ch biological terms, the potential risks a contaminants that have accumulated in t of Waukegan Harbor. There are 4 main t 1 ) Sediment will be sampled on a gri and the concentrations of metals and determined. These data will be used computerized distribution maps for al detected, and dispersal patterns will by spatial autocorrelation techniques 2) Toxicity tests using bacterial, a nematode species will be performed on of sediment samples for comparison. 3) In addition, a community-level bi colonization) will be carried out in will be used to determine which areas present especially high environmental ecosystem. Benthic insect larvae and populations are sufficient) collected will be assayed to establish biofacto poll ut ion . 4) Lab measurements of the rates of degradation of PCBs will be performed the residence time of these compounds sed iments . emical and ssociated with he sed im en ts as ks : d of 20 stations PCB will be to generate 1 contaminants be id en ti fied • lg al , and ex tr ac t ion s oassay (Protozoan si tu . The se te st s of the harbor might risks to the small fish (if from t he si te r s f o r sel ec ted an aerob ic to establish in und ist urb ed LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 98 4 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 257 ROSSMANN, R. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Great Lakes Research Division Arbor AN ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF WATER TRACE METAL DATA FOR THE GREAT LAKES AND ESTABLISHMENT OF NEW BASELINE DATA Starting date: Compl etio n d ate : Pro j ec t no : Sponsor : U. S. EPA 9/01 /1 981 6/30/1 984 AREA: Lake Michigan; Green Bay; Lake Erie KEYWORDS: chemistry, water quality, trace metals, inorganics, silver, aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, mercury, lithium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, antimony, selenium, tin, strontium, vanadium, zinc, historical DESCRIPTION: Water samples were collected from the open waters of Lake Michigan, including Green Bay, and from Lake Erie for analysis of total and dissolved concentrations of trace metals. Historical data were summarized and evaluated. The 1982 data is presented in the following publication: Rossmann, R. 1984. Trace Metal Concentrations in the Offshore Waters of Lakes Erie and Michigan. Spec. Rep. No. 108, Great Lakes Res. Div., University of Michigan. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UIN G Ref. no 258 ROSSMANN, R. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Great Lakes Research Division Arb or DETERMINATION OF PRESENT AND HISTORICAL FLUXES IN HIGH SEDIMENTATION RATE AREAS OF THE GREAT LAKES Starting date: Completion date: 8/31/1986 Project no: DOC -C -NA -8 1 -RAH-00003 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Southern Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : sediment cores, sedimentation, flux, historical, mixing, trace metals, diagenesis, oxygen, water quality, sediments, mercury, cadmium, lead, inorganics, deposition DESCRIPTION: Sediment cores collected from southern Lake Michigan have been dated and analyzed for a variety of trace metals, including mercury, cadmium, and lead. The time variation of mass flux of each metal contaminants to southern Lake Michigan is being estimated. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 259 ROSSMANN, R. ; RICE, C.P.; SIMMONS, M.S.; JUDE, D.J. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Great Lakes Research Division COLLECTION AND POLLUTANT ANALYSES (GC/MS AND METALS) OF NEARSHORE GREAT LAKES FISHES Starting date: 5/01/1983 Completion date: 11/30/1984 Project no: E PA -G -R -005 736 -01 Sponsor : U. S. EPA AREA: Nearshore of Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : biology, chemistry, metals, inorganics, carp, bowfin, northern pike, rock bass, smallmouth bass, fish, PCBs , chlordane, toxics, river, tributaries, contaminants, org anoc hi orin e pesticides, organics DESCRIPTION: Fish were collected from 14 river mouths and embayments of nearshore Lake Michigan. The largest size class of each species was analyzed for metal and organic pollutants. Two species were analyzed from each site. The major species analyzed included common carp, bowfin, northern pike, rock bass, and smallmouth bass . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 260 RYBICKI, R. W. Michigan - Michigan De pt . of Natural Resources, Charlevoix Charlevoix Great Lakes Fisheries Station ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT POPULATIONS IN THE TREATY AREA OF LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 1984 Completion date: 198 9 Project no: F-35-R, Study 432 Sponsor: Michigan De pt . of Natural Resources AREA: Lake Michigan near Pentwater and Frankfort, Michigan; Little Traverse Bay; Grand Traverse Bay; Good Harbor Bay KEYWORDS: biology, fish, lake trout, mortality, commercial fishing, monitoring, sport fishing, survival DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : To calculate and total al tr eaty ar ea . Justi f ica t ion : Significant has not mate since 1 965. excessive ha interests. T Committee ha rate be not estimates mu quotas can b survival rates, standing stock, lowable yield for lake trout in natural recruitment of lake trout rialized, despite annual plantings A major part of the problem may be rvest by both sport and commercial he Lake Michigan Lake Trout Technical s recommended that the annual survival less than 60%. This means that survival st be fairly precise so that harvest e set accordingly. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no 261 RYBICKI, R. W. Michigan - Michigan De pt . of Natural Resources, Charlevoix Charlevoix Great Lakes Fisheries Station EVALUATION OF LAKE IN THE REFUGE AREA TROUT PLANTED EXPERIMENTALLY OF NORTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 1 986 Completion date: 1996 Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Michigan De pt . of Natural Resources AREA: Lake Michigan; Beaver Island area KE YW OR DS : biology, fish, lake trout, survival, growth, reproduction, monitoring, reefs, fish strains, lake trout rehabilitation DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To evaluate the survival, growth, and reproduction of lake trout stocked experimentally in a refuge area of northern Lake Michigan. Just i fie atio n : Some 750,000 yearling lake trout, equally divided between three strains, are to be stocked annually in the northern refuge on several reefs historically known to have been lake trout grounds; the multi- strain planting is to begin in 1986 and continue for at least 10 consecutive years. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 98 4 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no 262 SALAMUN, P. J.; SUMMERFIELD, M. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Bo tan y De pt . COMPOSITION COMMUNITIES AND PRODUCTIVITY OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTE IN THREE LAKE MICHIGAN BAYS Starting date: 6/01/1980 Completion date: 8/31/1984 Project no: R/LR-23 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute; for Great Lakes Studies; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee graduate school Cen ter AREA: Lake Michigan; Moonlight Bay; Door County; Wisconsin waters No rth Bay; Rowley Bay; KEYWORDS: biology, botany, wetlands, productivity, cattails, macroph ytes , Typha , trace metals, inorganics, uptake, distribution, biomass, nutrients, vegetation, chemi stry DESCRIPTION: This project involved the examination of distribution patterns, biomass, and plant tissue analyses of submerged macrophytes and nutrient analyses of the water in three bays in Door Co., Wisconsin. This research was performed as part of the Ph.D. dissertation of M. Summerfield entitled "Distribution and productivity of the submerged aquatic macrophytes of three bays of Lake Michigan, Door Co., Wisconsin", and work of two other graduate students. Among other findings: no rare or endangered macrophytes exist in these bay marshes; aquatic plants zonation in bays differs from that of inland lakes; abundance of some species varies from year to year. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 263 SAVITZ, J. ; JANSSEN, J. Illinois - Loyola University of Chicago Biol ogy De pt . ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOR BASES FOR CHANGES IN SALMONID DIETS Starting date: 4/01/1985 Completion date: 4/^0/1987 Project no: R/F-04 Sponsor: Illinois/Indiana Sea Grant Program AREA: Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : biology, fish, diet, salmonid, behavior, forage fish, alewife, prey, predation, coho salmon, rainbow trout, chinook salmon, yellow perch, smelt, bloater chub, fathead minnow, habitat DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To determine how foraging behavior of salmonids influences prey selection by: 1. comparing salmonid hunting strategies on individual prey and schools of prey 2. determining reactive distances of prey to salmonid approach and pursuit 3. comparing prey escape strategies. Met hods : Foraging behavior of coho salmon, chinook salmon, and rainbow trout have been recorded by video cassette and supplementary visual observations at different densities of single prey species and different proportions of two prey species. The prey species were alewives, yellow perch, smelt, a few bloaters, and fathead minnows. Nearly 70 hours of video recordings have been collected and data on reactive distance, swimming speeds, acceleration rates of salmonids and prey have been analyzed. Ra t ion ale : With decreasing alewife populations, a shift to alternate species should occur for continued good growth of salmonids and subsequent fisherman harvest. The behavioral bases for a shift in prey species was examined. Ac com pi ishm en t s : From video camera and visual observations, it was determined that prey selection was based on the LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING habitat the prey utilized. Salmon foraged at mid-water levels and usually did not attempt to capture prey on the bottom or sides of the aquarium. They did attempt to capture prey at the surface but usually failed. Chinook and coho salmon were excellent pelagic foragers and were capable of attaining attack speeds greater than 4m/sec. Alewives probably have continued as the principal forage because they occupy a habitat that the salmon also utilize and salmon have little difficulty capturing them. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UING Ref. no. 264 SAVITZ, J. ; JANSSEN, J. Illinois - Loyola University of Chicago Biology Dept . PREY HANDLING TIMES FOR LAKE MICHIGAN SALMONIDS Starting date: 4/01/1984 Completion date: 12/31/1984 Project no: R/F-02 Sponsor: Illinois/Indiana Sea Grant Program AREA: Illinois waters of Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: fish, predation, biology, prey, salmonid , diet, size, rainbow trout, coho salmon, Chinook salmon, lake trout, al ewi f e , smelt, bloater chub, yellow perch, forage fish DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : To ( 1 ) determine predators (coho and rainbow trou f i she s ( al ewi f e , (2) determine wh to salmonid pred Methods : The salmonids ar Prey species wil of Loyola Univer and predator si z the time from wh last swallowing Bene fits : To be able to pr prey species are predation and en stomach analysis Great Lakes . handling time curves for salmonid salmon, chinook salmon, lake trout, t) for certain Lake Michigan forage smelt, bloater, and yellow perch); at size of prey are relatively immune ation . e available at the Shedd Aquarium. 1 be obtained by gill netting off sity of Chicago. A variety of prey es will be used. Handling time is en the prey is grasped until the is d etec ted . edict what sizes of particular relatively immune to salmonid hance the interpretation of data being done around the LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 265 SAYLOR, J.H.; MILLER, G. S. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor ROTATIONAL MODE EXPERIMENT Starting date: 1982 Completion date: Continuing Project no: Task 1.8 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Southern Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: waves, physical, currents, wind, circulation DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec tiv e : To study the seasonal circulation of southern Lake Michigan and the properties of long-period vorticity waves in the 1 ake ' s basin s . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 266 SAYLOR, J.H.; MILLER, G. S. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor LAKES ENVIRONMENT BENTHIC BOUNDARY LAYER EXPERIMENTS Starting date: 1984 Completion date: Continuing Project no: Task 1.11 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: benthic boundary layer, model, currents, sediments, physical, resus pen sion , sediment transport, particulates, chemistry, water quality DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec tiv es : (1) To investigate and test available equipment for measuring currents, sediment concentrations, and other important parameters necessary for parameterization of bottom material resuspension and near-bottom sediment transport processes. (2) To quantify the distribution of bottom current intensities as functions of both space and time in order to parameterize the distribution and frequency of resuspension events. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 267 SCAVIA, D. ; FAHNENSTIEL, G. L. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor LAKE MICHIGAN ECOSYSTEM EXPER IM ENT — PLA NKTON AND PARTICULATE LOSS RATES Star ting date : Completion date: 12/1986 Proj ec t no : Task 5. 18 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: biology, ph yto pi ankton , zooplankton, particulates, nutrients, sinking rates, flux, bacteria, loss rates, zooplankton grazing, inorganics, phosphorus, chemistry DESCRIPTION: Objectives: (1) To measure vertical flux of planktonic algae and particulate nutrients on variable time scales (hours-weeks) for the purpose of determining loss from specific vertical strata. (2) To determine loss rates of algae (community and populations) due to zooplankton grazing. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no 268 SCAVIA, D. ; LAIRD, G. A. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor LAKE MICHIGAN ECOSYSTEM EXPERIMENT — BACTERIAL GROWTH AND LOSS RATES Starting date: 3/1984 Completion date: 1986 Project no: Task 5.19 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: biology, bacteria, growth, loss rates, organic carbon, zooplankton grazing DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tive : To determine growth and grazing loss rates of planktonic bacteria for the purpose of comparinj bacterial carbon growth requirements to algal organic carbon release rates. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 98*1 -CO NT IN UING Ref . no . 269 SCAVIA, D. ; LAIRD, G. A. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor HETEROTROPHIC MICROBIAL FOOD WEBS Starting date: 1987 Completion date: Continuing Project no: Task 5.26 Sponsor: NOAA AREA : Gr eat Lakes KEYWORDS: biology, bacteria, he tero tro ph y , food chain DESCRIPTION: LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 270 SCAVIA, D. ; LANG, G. A. ; FAHNENSTIEL, G. L. ; LAIRD, G.A. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor LAKE MICHIGAN ECOSYSTEM EXPER IM ENT — S YSTEM SYNTHESIS AND MODELING Star ting date : Completion date: 12/1986 Proj ec t no : Task 5. 17 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: model, ph yto pi an kto n , zooplankton, biology, nutrients, grazing, growth, sinking rates, bacteria, photosynthesis, water quality, inorganics DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v e : To combine process measurements made in the other NOAA/GLERL Ecosystem Experiment projects in a model of plankton dynamics and test prediction against observed changes for the purpose of evaluating models and experimental coverage of natural processes. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 271 SCAVIA, D. ; LANG, G. A. ; FONTAINE, T. D. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor ECOSYSTEMS MODELS FOR THE GREAT LAKES Starting date: 1987 Completion date: Continuing Project no: Task 5.27 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes KE YW OR DS : biology, model, food chain, ph yto pi an kto n , botany, zooplankton, bacteria, invertebrates, benthic, nutrients, cycling, inorganics DESCRIPTION: LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 272 SCAVIA, D. ; MALCZYK, J.M.; GARDNER, W.S. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor LAKE MICHIGAN ECOSYSTEM EXPERIMENT — AMBIENT CONDITIONS Starting date: Completion date: 12/1986 Project no: Task 5.22 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : biology, nutrients, chemistry, physical, cycling, phy to pi an kton , zooplankton, bacteria, water quality, inorganics, phosphorus, temperature, mixing DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To measure ambient chemical, biological, and physical conditions and changes during ecosystem experiment and interpret changes in terms of nutrient cycling. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no 273 SCHELSKE, C. ; STOERMER, E.F. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Great Lakes Research Division Arbor PALEOLIMNOLOGY IN DEPOSITIONAL ZONES OF LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 1983 Completion date: Continuing Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: National Science Foundation (1983-1985); University of Michigan (1986) AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: diatoms, silica, biology, geology, fossils, historical, sediments, deposition, nutrients, pal eol imnol ogy , phosphorus, geochemistry, ph yto pi an kto n , inorganics, eutro phic ation DESCRIPTION: The chronology of biogenic silica and microfossil accumulation is being studied in Lake Michigan sediments to determine changes in chemical and biological characteristics in post-European settlement period. Specifically, the research is directed to determining how historic phosphorus inputs have affected the b iogeochemi str y of silica and the major biological organisms (diatoms) which are the biological link in this process Work in progress indicates that drastic changes have occured in periods on the order of decades. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no 274 SCHENKER, E. ; MAYER, H. ; HEILMANN, R. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee School of Business Administration; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Geog raph y Dept . ; Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Management Research Center GREAT LAKES TRANSPORTATION IN THE 1980S Starting date: 9/01/1982 Completion date: 8/31/1984 Project no: R/PS-31 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: shipping, ports, economics, transportation DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : To perform a comprehensive analysis of factors affecting the Great Lakes transportation system such as the increasing cost and decreasing availability of energy, the prospects of reaching the physical capacity of the seaway, rising costs of seaway tolls and the likelihood of increased user fees for harbor dredging. Accomplishments : A book entitled "Great Lakes Transportation in the 1980s" has been published from the results of this project. Developed a database for predicting future of Great Lakes maritime trade, which entails fewer but more specialized ports, more bulk commodity and less general cargo. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 275 SCHNEIDER, A. Wisconsin - University of Wi sconsin-Par ksid e , Kenosha Division of Science STRATIGRAPHY OF LATE WISCONSINAN DEPOSITS IN SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN Starting date: 1982 Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: University of Wi sconsin-Par ksid e AREA: Lake Michigan; Wisconsin shoreline KEYWORDS: geology, historical, lake levels, glacial, stratigraphy, carbon-14, dating DESCRIPTION: See Hansel et al . (ref. no. 129) for description of collaborative studies. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CONT IN UING Ref. no. 276 SCHWAB, D.J. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor PREDICTION OF W IND -GE NERATE D WAVES ON THE GREAT LAKES Starting date: Completion date: 1986 Proj ect no: Task 2. 1 3 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes KE YW OR DS : model, waves, wind, physical DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1) Develop a parametric wave prediction model and implement it within the framework of the GLERL numerical modeling system developed in Task 1.1. (2) Test the model in a hindcast mode against field data gathered in Tasks 2.12, 2.14. this task and NDBC buoy data. (3) To test the model in a forecast mode against NOAA/NWS operational wave forecasts. (4) To implement the model for operational use if it proves superior to current forecast methods. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 277 SCHWAB, D.J. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor GENERAL NUMERICAL MODELS FOR COMPUTING CURRENTS Star ting date : Compl etion d ate : Project no: Task Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes Contin uing 1. 1 KE YW OR DS : model, physical, currents, circulation, water quality, transport, suspended sediment, pollutants DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tive : The objective of this task is to develop and verify a hierarchy of improved water quality and circulation models that will predict the transport of suspended or dissolved substances in the Great Lakes. In doing this, we will develop general numerical methods that can be applied to other physical problems, such as ice and wave prediction. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 278 SCHWAB, D.J.; CLITES, A. H. ; CAMPBELL, J.E.; LYNN, E.W. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor SPILL MODEL VERIFICATION USING SATELLITE -TRAC KE D DRIFTER BUOYS Starting date: Compl etio n d ate : Project no: Task Sponsor: NOAA Continuing 1. 10 AREA: Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : model, oil spill, satellite, currents, physical, water quality DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : (1) To verify the improved general-purpose spill model using data from sa tell i te- tr ac ked drifter buoys. (2) To analyze the existing drifter buoy data base in conjunction with Vector Averaging Current Meter (VACM) data collected in Lake Michigan concurrently. (3) To study the surface current patterns for specific areas of interest using sa tell ite- tr acked drifter buoys. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 279 SEEGERT, G. Illinois - EA Science & Technology, Northbrook SPAWNING MOVEMENTS OF SKAMANIA TROUT Starting date : 1984 Completion date: Continuing Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Sponsor Not Known AREA: Lake Michigan; Little Calumet River; Salt Creek; Burns Harbor drainage; Burns Ditch; tributaries; Indiana wa ter s KEYWORDS: biology, rainbow trout, fish, movement, spawning, temperature, thermal plume, thermal pollution, temperature effects, distribution, monitoring DESCRIPTION: In an attempt to determine whether the thermal plume from a steel mill was causing Skamania (rainbow) trout to avoid the Little Calumet River, el ec to f i shi ng surveys were done at five zones in the Cal-Burns Harbor drainage. Avoidance was found in 1984. Data in 1985 were insufficient for detailed analysis. Further studies are planned for 1 987 . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UIN G Ref. no. 280 SHABICA, C. Illinois - Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago Earth Science Dept. OFFSHORE PROFILES ALONG SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN SHORELINE Starting date: 1985 Completion date: 1986 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: City of Highland Park; Northeastern Illinois Un iv er sity AREA: Southern Lake Michigan; Illinois waters KEYWORDS: geology, mapping, lake levels, hydrography, bathymetry DESCRIPTION: This projects involves bathymetric profiling from the shoreline to the 25 ft. isobath for: 1. Highland Park, Illinois (1985) 2. Glencoe, Winnetka, Kenilworth (1986) LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 281 SHABICA, C. ; BADER, R. ; PRANSCHKE, F. Illinois - Northeastern Illinois University, Earth Science De pt . Chic ago EVIDENCE OF LAKE CHIPPEWA LOW WATER STAGE IN LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date: 1 980 Completion date: 1985 Project no: Sponsor: Northeastern Illinois University AREA: Southern Lake Michigan; Illinois waters KEYWORDS: geology, historical, glacial, lake levels, sediment cores, pal eol imnol ogy , pollen, carbon-14, dating, sediments, sed im en tolog y , lake stages DESCRIPTION: Twenty gravity cores were collected from deep water along an E -W transect, east of Waukegan, IL. The three upper members of the Lake Michigan formation were examined for pal eon tol og ic al and sed imen tol og ic al evidence for the Lake Chippewa low water stage. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 282 SHEDLOCK, R.J. Indiana - U.S. Geological Survey, Indianapolis HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE GLACIAL DRIFT AQUIFER SYSTEM AT THE INDIANA DUNES NATIONAL LAKESHORE Starting date: 10/1 979 Completion date: 9/1986 Project no: IN 79-060 Sponsor: National Park Service AREA: Indiana - south shore of Lake Michigan; Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore; Southern Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: geology, groundwater, hydrology, sand dunes, glacial, aquifer, water quality, wetlands, pollution, chemistry, inorganics, nutrients, trace metals, organic carbon, sediment cores, model DESCRIPTION: Probl em : The Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, located along the southern shore of Lake Michigan, is surrounded by heavy industry, expanding urban areas and agricultural areas. As part of its management responsibilities, the National Park service is required to protect the hydrologic and chemical integrity of the groundwater system of the lakeshore from man's activities, including additions and withdrawals of groundwater from the unconsolidated deposits in the area. The lakeshore also contains considerable marshlands. Detailed knowledge of geohydrology and water quality of the lakeshore and surrounding areas is required for effective management by the Park Serv ice . Ob j ec tiv e : (1) Define the groundwater system in the unconsolidated deposits underlying the Lakeshore and surrounding area including establishing the hydraulic relation between the groundwater system and the marsh areas. (2) Define the general quality of the groundwater and investigate how it may have been affected by industrial, commercial, residential, and agricultural development. Appro ach : Observation wells will be drilled to define the geometry and horizontal and vertical flow patterns of the unconsolidated aquifer system. Rates and distribution of groundwater pumpage will be determined. The hydraulic relation between the marsh and the groundwater system will be established by installation of hand-driven observation wells, LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING operation of streamgaging stations, and by streamflow gain/loss measurements. A water-quality assessment will be made by sampling water from representative wells throughout the lakeshore, including the marsh areas. Water samples from selected wells will be analyzed for dissolved inorganic constituents, dissolved organic carbon, nutrients, and trace elements. Results : Because of the many new cores, augered test holes, and geophysical logs in wells obtained in the field seasons of 1 98 4 and 1985, our conceptual model of the geological layering in the study area was extensively revised resulting in twelve new hyd rog eol og ic cro ss- sec tio ns . A digital c ro ss- sec t ion model was constructed to represent the aquifer system in the Cowles and State Park Units of the Lakeshore. Regional and intermediate scale flow patterns consistent with the hyd roc hem ic al and po ten tiom etr ic data were simulated in this model. Summary report submitted in s ummer 1 986 . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no 283 SHERRILL, M. Illinois - U.S. Geological Survey, Urbana HYDROGEOLOGICAL INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN Starting date: 1/01/1987 Completion date: 12/31/1987 Project no: 441708100 Sponsor: U.S. Geological Survey; State De pt . AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Lake Huron; Lake Erie; Lake Ontario; tributaries; Great Lakes Basin KEYWORDS: geology, hydrology, groundwater, water quality, pollution, nonpoint source, contaminants, aquifer, land use, mapping, bibliography, review, database DESCRIPTION: This project will inventory, assess, and identify the major h yd rog eol og ic regimes that potential for contam in an ting the Great Lakes, review is being undertaken to assess existing potential groundwater contamination into the Great Lakes, and a listing of ongoing groundwater projects and available data and maps is being compiled. sub sequen tl y have a high A 1 iter atur e information on LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 284 SONZOGNI, W.C. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Water Chemistry Program and State Laboratory of Hygiene PERSPECTIVES ON RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN THE GREAT LAKES Starting date: 9/01/1983 Completion date: 8/31/1986 Project no: Sponsor: NOAA - National Marine Pollution Program Office AREA: Great Lakes KE YW OR DS : chemistry, risk assessment, model, human health, toxics, organics, water quality, contaminants, human consumption, fish, management DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1) Compare the likely hazards of selected toxic chemical contaminants at levels currently found in the Great Lakes. (2) Provide perspectives on risks posed by Great Lakes toxic chemical contaminants when compared with other common environmental risks. (3) Develop a framework useful for coordinating research on Great Lakes chemical contaminants. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 81 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 285 SONZOGNI, W.C.; DUBE, D.J. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Water Chemistry Program and State Laboratory of Hygiene WORKSHOP ON METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN THE GREAT LAKES, II Starting date: 9/01/1985 Completion date: 10/31/1986 Proj ect no : R/MW-3 4 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Great Lakes KE YW OR DS : chemistry, analytical methods, contaminants, dioxins, furans, xenobiotics, toxics, organics, water quality DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : To organize and host the second workshop on the analysis of organic compounds in the Great Lakes. The results of the workshop, which will focus on recent advances, problems and experiences in the Great Lakes ecosystem, will be summarized and disseminated. Me thod ology : A national workshop was held in Madison, Wisconsin, in October, 1985; proceedings to be published and d istr ib uted . Ra t ion ale : The problem of xenobiotic contaminants in the Great Lakes and other marine waters is exacer- bated by the overall difficulty in measuring these contaminants. A workshop was held in 1980 to exchange information on analytical techniques. Since that first workshop, new analytical techniques and problems have emerged, creating the need for a second workshop. Ac com pi ishm en ts : A two-day workshop was held in October, 1985, in Madison, Wisconsin. Attendance: 70. Final chapters being written for U.W. Sea Grant Institute publication similar to the publication resulting from 1980 workshop for dissemination to workshop participants. Topics cover quality control in the laboratory as well as analysis of dioxins, furans, and capillary column chromatography in terms of identifying pollutants. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no 286 STALLING, D. Missouri - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbia Columbia National Fisheries Research Lab NATIONAL CONTAMINANT B IOM ONIT OR IN G PROGRAM Starting date: 7/1977 Completion date: Continuing Project no: Project 881 Sponsor: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv ic e AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Lake Huron; Lake Ontario; Lake Erie; U.S. rivers KEYWORDS: water quality, fish, biology, chemistry, DDT, PCBs , dioxins, toxaphene, chlordane, organics, toxics, analytical methods, pattern recognition, d ib en zo f ur an s , monitoring, river, inorganics, heavy metals, management, contaminants, lake trout, walleye, perch, pollution, o rg anoc hi or ine pe stic ide s DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : (1) To monitor for trends in pesticides, heavy metals and other environmental contaminants in anadromous and freshwater fish collected from designated sampling sites in U.S. rivers and the Great Lakes. Fish are being analyzed for selected highly residual org anoc hi or in e and elemental contaminants. In the 3 upper Great Lakes, lake trout is the predator species sampled; in the 2 lower Great Lakes, coolwater species, such as walleye and perch, are collected. (2) To identify and assess new or previously undetected contaminants which may threaten the wellbeing of important fishery resources. (3) To provide technical assistance in the areas of analytical chemistry and applied toxicology to U.S.F.W.S. biologists and other federal and state ag enc ies . (4) To make routine residue analyses more cost-effective and comprehensive through development and implementation of automated procedures and improve analytical methods. (5) To recommend management alternatives for dealing with pollution problems. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 287 STUBBLEFIELD, B. ; BENNETT, J. R. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor GREAT LAKES ICE DYNAMICS MODELING Starting date: Completion date: 1984 Project no: Task 8.13 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes KE YW OR DS : model, physical, ice DESCRIPTION: The objective of this task is to develop Great Lakes ice dynamics models for simulation and forecasting LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no 288 STYNES, D.J. Michigan - Michigan State University, East Lansing Parks and Recreation De pt . RECREATION AND TOURISM FORECASTING Starting date: 7/01/1987 Completion date: 6/30/1989 Project no: R/CE-01 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Michigan coastal counties along Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Lake Erie KEYWORDS: recreation, tourism, economics, model DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec tiv es : 1. Evaluate suitability of secondary economic data series for recreation and tourism forecasting. 2. Test and compare alternative forecasting models on selected series. 3. Test procedures for isolating tourism components of available economic data series. 4. Develop and test forecasting models based upon multiple time series. 5. Identify variations in trends and seasonal patterns of recreation and tourism activity in the coastal zone. Me thod ol og y : We will compare and evaluate several alternative forecasting models on secondary time series data for coastal counties in Michigan. The suitability of different data series will be evaluated and systems for tracking tourism activity and forecasting likely futures will be developed from several data series. Time series and structual methods will be compared and combined time ser ie s/ str uc tual models will be estimated and evaluated. Time series data on use, sales, taxes, employment and other to ur ism- rel ated measures will be used. Data series available on a monthly or quarterly basis at the county or regional level will be used for the period 1974-1985. Ra t ion ale : Improved tourism tracking and forecasting procedures are needed for tourism organizations to identify trends and likely futures on which to base development and marketing decisions. Methods for isolating tourism components of available data series will reduce data collection costs. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref. no. 289 SULLIVAN, J. Wisconsin - Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison TOXIC MONITORING PROGRAM FOR THE LOWER FOX RIVER Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Project no: WI-102 Sponsor: Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources AREA: Fox River; Green Bay; Wisconsin; Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: chemistry, biology, toxics, contaminants, organics, fish, water quality, sediments, clams, fate, PCBs , discharge, loading, b ioaccumulat ion , river, monitoring DESCRIPTION: The subject of toxic pol tissue, water, and sediment o the Lake Winnebago outlet int to be of great concern to the federal agencies. A study pi an intensive sediment survey, developed to monitor toxic po component consists of a long- track the fate of toxic pollu and Green Bay. The purpose o more precisely locate and qua containing sediments in four River. Previous sampling has content in these areas is muc locations in the river, owing the proximity to known PCB di the clam studies are to per fo using a fil ter- feed ing organi PCB's rapidly, and to determi continuing to cause PCB loadi lutants contained in fish f the Lower Fox River from o lower Green Bay continues general public, the DNR, and an consisting of trend analysis, and a clam study has been llutants. The trend analysis term monitoring program to tants in the Lower Fox River f the sediment survey is to ntify the extent of PCB- general areas of the Fox indicated that the PCB h higher than in most other to sediment deposition or scharges. The objectives of rm b io accumulation studies sm that is known to accumulate ne if the discharge is ng to the river system. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UIN G Ref. no. 2 90 TALHELM, D. R. Michigan - Michigan State University, East Lansing Department of Biology SOCIAL ASSESSMENT OF FISHERY RESOURCES Star ting date : Comple t ion da te : Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Sponsor Not Known AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Ontario; Lake Huron; Lake Erie; Lake Super io r KE YW OR D3 : biology, fish, lake trout, management, economics DESCRIPTION: The project is a symposium on the social assessment of fishery resources. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no 291 TARAPCHAK, S.J. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor PHOSPHORUS CYCLING IN THE LAKE MICHIGAN MICROBIAL FOOD WEB: PHYTOPLANKTON-BACTERIAL COMPETITION Starting date: 1984 Completion date: 1986 Project no: Task 6.42 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: biology, phytopl ankton , bacteria, he tero trophy , microbiology, food chain, cycling, nutrients, phosphorus, inorganics, chemistry, botany DESCRIPTION: The objective of this task is to determine if heterotrophic b ac ter io pi ankton compete with phototrophic phyto pi an kton for dissolved inorganic phosphorus in lake waters. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 292 TARAPCHAK, S.J. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor PH OS PH OR US -PHYTO PLANKTON DYNAMICS IN LAKE MICHIGAN Star ting date : Completion date: 1986 Project no: Task 6.30 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: biology, chemistry, silica, phosphorus, cycling, ph y to pi an kton , nutrients, growth, botany, inorganics DESCRIPTION: The objective of this task is to evaluate the role of secondary limitation of algal growth by silica on phosphorus cycling in the epilimnion of an offshore station in Lake Michigan. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UIN G Ref. no. 293 TARAPCHAK, S.J.; HERCHE, L. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor PHOSPHATE UPTAKE AND PH YTOPLA NKTON GROWTH RATES IN SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Project no: Task 5.10 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Southern Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: model, biology, phytopl ankton , nutrients, phosphorus, growth, physiology, succession, competition, uptake, botany, inorganics, chemistry DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1) To investigate the relationships among, and the underlying physiologic causes of, variations in orthopho spha te uptake and ph yto pi an kto n growth rates in southern Lake Michigan. (2) To (a) provide physiological data for interpreting patterns in phytopl an kton succession and phyto pi ankto n nutrient competition, and (b) to test mathematical constructs describing pho spho rus- lim i ted ph yto pi an kto n growth in whole-lake ecosystem models. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UIN G Ref. no. 294 TARAPCHAK, S. J.; VANDERPLOEG, H. A. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor ANALYSIS OF GROWTH RATES OF PH YTOPL A NKTON SPECIES IN SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN Starting date : Completion date: Continuing Project no: Task 5.11 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Southern Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : biology, phyto pi an kto n , growth, populations, botany, photosynthesis, silica, inorganics, phosphorus, blue-green algae, nutrients, succession, competition, zooplankton grazing, sinking rates DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : (1) Document the seasonal succession pattern of algae in Lake Michigan and describe the significance of nutrient competition, algal sinking, and zooplankton grazing on this succession. (2) Test the Sc hel ske-Sto ermer (1972) hypothesis that has been advanced to explain the development of blue-green algal populations in Lake Michigan. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 295 TAYLOR, R. ; CHERKAUER, D. ; ANDERSON, M. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Geological and Geophysical Sciences Dept. Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin-Madison Geology and Geophysics Dept. MEASUREMENT OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN LAKE MICHIGAN AND THE GROUNDWATER OF WISCONSIN Starting date: 9/01/1984 Completion date: 8/31/1989 Project no: R/MW-35 Sponsor: University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute AREA: Wisconsin waters; Western Lake Michigan; Green Bay; Door Coun ty KEYWORDS: geology, geophysical, hydrology, electrical resistivity, seismic surveys, porosity, permeability, sediments, aquifer, groundwater, water budget, model, mapping DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec tiv es : To: (1) produce quantitativ conductivity of Lake Michig the entire Lake Michigan/Wi verify the accuracy of thes (3) combine the offshore st produce quantitative maps o groundwater interaction; (4 in Western Lake Michigan wa Me thodology : Combine marine seismic resu conductance and induced pol automated marine geophysica Grant project; use numerica groundwater interactions. Rational e : A quantitative measure of t interaction is necessary to aquifers and waste disposal lake water export and defin pollution levels. This proj groundwater in western Lake Accomplishments : Field work concentrated on and Door County itself. Se Green Bay to obtain direct e maps of the hydraulic an bottom sediments along the sconsin shoreline; (2) field e maps at selected shoreline sites; udies with the onshore studies to f the Lake Michigan-Wisconsin ) quantify the role of groundwater ter budgets . Its with electrical longitudinal arization; use a computer 1 system from a previous Sea 1 modeling of lake water/ he potential for 1 ake/ ground water plan the development of shoreline sites, assess the impact of e potential changes in lake water ect will quantify the role of Michigan's budget. the Green Bay side of Door County epage meters were emplaced in measurements of seepage to the LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UING Bay. Groundwater levels were series of cross sections thro surveys were conducted along All of these data will be syn groundwater flow model of Doo area of Green Bay to allow an groundwater to the Bay. Bene fits : Regional planning commissions government units will use thi effects of aquifer developmen on Lake Michigan, as will com of Lake Michigan water export fish whose behavior is determ of lake bottom springs. monitored in wells along a ugh Door County. Geophysical several lines in Green Bay. thesized with the aid of a r County and the nearshore estimate of the flux of , regulatory agencies and s information to assess the t or waste disposal programs mittees assessing the impact and fish studies involving ined in part by the presence LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 296 TAYLOR, W. Michigan - Michigan State University, East Lansing Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF YEAR-CLASS STRENGTH AND POPULATION PARAMETERS OF PINK SALMON IN THE UPPER GREAT LAKES Starting date: 7/01/1987 Completion date: 6/30/1991 Project no: R/GLF-32 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Michigan tributaries for Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, Lake Huron, and Lake Erie KEYWORDS: biology, fish, pink salmon, recruitment, spawning, tributaries, flow, populations, model, habitat, water quality, hydrology, groundwater, year-class strength, life history, abundance, fish eggs DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec ti v es : 1. Develop statistical all major pink salmon s waters of the Upper Gr e and evaluate groundwate tr ib utar ie s . 2. Develop Habitat Sui pink salmon, incubating identify habitat qualit 3. Develop Instream Fl for selected groundwate in order to quantify th and incubation habitat their relationship to r b ed ov er seed ing . 4. Determine the popul of spawning pink salmon 5. Develop a predictiv recruitment based on th biotic and abiotic fact Method ol ogy : Adult salmon will be co and surface water contr techniques. Up to 500 measured, and released sex ratio, and abundanc models of stream flow for pawning streams in Michigan at Lakes in order to identify r and surface water controlled tability Index curves for spawning eggs, and alevins in order to y for these life history stages, ow Incremantal Methodology models r and surface controlled streams e amount of available spawning under various flow conditions and edd super impo si tion and stream ation characteristics and abundance and their progeny in these streams e model of year-class strength and e integration of the evaluated ors . llected in selected groundwater oiled streams using el ec tro f i shing will be sampled, fin clipped, to provide estimates of size, e . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UING Ration ale : The biology and population dynamics of Great Lakes pink salmon is inadequately understood. To properly manage this fish an understanding of their dynamics and yield potential is essential. This research will provide this information and allow for efficient management of this species. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT I NUI NG Ref. no. 297 TAYLOR , W. ; KEVERN, N. Michigan - Michigan State University, East Lansing Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife FACTORS CONTROLLING RECRUITMENT AND YEAR-CLASS VARIABILITY OF LAKE WHITEFISH (COREGONUS CLU PEAFORM IS ) Starting date: 2/01/1985 Completion date: 1/31/1989 Project no: R/GLF-19 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Northern Lake Michigan; Grand Traverse Bay KEYWORDS: whitefish, fish, biology, growth, larval fish, temperature, currents, fish eggs, zooplankton, diet, survival, recruitment, abundance, model, year-class strength, commercial fishing, management, populations, life history DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec tiv es : Laboratory and field studies directed at determining larval lake whitefish growth and survival as functions of egg quality, amount of food (zooplankton) per larvae at hatching, water temperature and current speeds will be undertaken over a four-year period. It is hypothesized from previous studies that year-class strength, and thus recruitment, is significantly influenced by these four variables. Specifically, in selected areas of northern Lake Michigan, the following will be determined: 1) quality and quantity of egg drop, 2) larval fish abundance, 3) zooplankton abundance at whitefish hatch and subsequent two months when these larvae are inshore and feeding on zooplankton. In the laboratory the following relationships will be determined under varying food rations, water temperatures and current speeds: 1) egg quality to growth and survival of whitefish larvae; 2) food abundance to growth and survival of whitefish larvae A model using this data will be developed which predicts year-class strength and future recruitment to the fishery. Rationale: At present, there is no reliable, valid method for forecasting year-class strength and recruitment to lake whitefish stocks. The success and stability of most Lake Michigan commercial fisheries is very dependent on a small number of whitefish year classes, which fluctuate widely and unpredictably from year to year. Fishermen LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UING cannot plan or anticipate catch i managers cannot set advance harve without knowledge of expected rec this project is to develop a v al i variability in recruitment. Accompl ishments : To date, this study has concluded overwinter egg survival, and food ratios are important factors cont strength. Modeling efforts based indicate increased reliability in as compared to the traditional st relationship. One thesis has bee is in review, various presentatio two papers have been published. n any future year and st or gear restrictions ruitment. The goal of d method for predicting that stock si ze , per larval fish rolling year-class on these factors recruitment predictions ock-recruitment n completed, another ns have been given, and LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI NG Ref. no. 298 THOMANN, R. ; DITORO, D. New York - Manhattan College, Bronx Environmental Engineering and Science PHYSICO-CHEMICAL MODEL OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN THE GREAT LAKES Starting date: Completion date: 1984 Project no: Sponsor: U.S. EPA - Duluth AREA: Great Lakes; Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: model, chemistry, physical, toxics, organics, fate, particulates, sediments, atmospheric, radionuclides, r esuspension , transport, inorganics, PCBs , sediment-water interface, air-water interface, diffusion, ben zo-a-pyr ene , sorption, desorption cadmium, trace metals, volatilization, PAHs , partition coefficients DESCRIPTION: A physico-chemical model of the fate of toxic substances in the Great Lakes was constructed from mass balance principles and incorporating principal mechanisms of particulate sor pt ion-de sorption , sediment-water and air-water interactions, and chemical and biochemical decay. Calibration of the toxic model is through comparison of plutonium-239 data. The calibrated model was applied to the PCBs in Lake Michigan and the importance of solids-dependent partition coefficients and resulting sediment diffusion was explored. Finally, application of the model was made to benzo-a-pyr ene and cadmium in the Great Lakes. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 2 99 TISUE, G.T. South Carolina - Clemson University, Chemi s try De pt . CI em so n X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSES OF FILTERS FROM A CONTINUOUS SAMPLER AT INDIANA SHOALS TOWER Starting date: 12/15/1984 Completion date: 8/15/1986 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: U.S. EPA - Great Lakes National Program Office AREA: Southern Lake Michigan and air shed KEYWORDS: chemistry, atmospheric transport, sampling, trace metals, x-ray fluorescence, meteorology, inorganics DESCRIPTION: Twelve months of daily (continously collected) air filters from the Indiana Shoals Tower from 1979-1980 were analyzed by x-ray fluorescence analysis for 14 trace metals. Interpretation of the data is based on simultaneous meteorological data and comparison with crib-based samplers. One M.S. thesis has been completed from this work. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no. 300 TISUE, G.T. South Carolina - Clemson University, CI em so n Chemi stry De pt . BENTHIC BOUNDARY LAYER SAMPLING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: NOAA/GLERL (ship time); South Carolina Sea Grant Con sor ti urn AREA: Great Lakes; Laboratory KEYWORDS: physical, benthic boundary layer, sampling, water quality, chemistry, sediment-water interface, particulates DESCRIPTION: Automated sampler used to investigate particle and solute gradients at the sediment-water interface. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref . no . 301 TISUE, G.T. South Carolina - Clemson University, CI em so n Chemi stry De pt . SEASONAL ZINC CYCLING IN EPILIMNETIC WATERS Starting date: Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Sponsor Not Known AREA: Southern Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: inorganics, zinc, trace metals, cycling, transport, chemistry, mixing, resus pen sion , calcium carbonate, water quality, atmospheric deposition, particulates, model, stratification DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec tiv e : To measure zinc concentrations in the offshore waters of Lake Michigan and determine factors affecting the observed concentration patterns; these factors will be used to develop a model for the behavior of zinc in large freshwater lakes. Results : Measurements were made of zinc in the offshore waters of Lake Michigan's southern basin. Spatial and temporal variations in the element's concentrations are pronounced, and are characterized by strong seasonal dependence. These variations are driven in part by a large atmospheric source term in the offshore waters, as indicated by an increase in epilimnetic concentrations during late strat- ification (mean of 1270 ng/1, vs. 690 ng/1 in early spring) Another important factor is the strong removal of zinc from the epilimnion associated with carbonate precipitation. The effects of isothermal remixing and resuspension also are discernible. These phenomena are accomplished by marked changes in the partitioning of zinc between soluble/ collodial and particulate species. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 302 TISUE, G. T. South Carolina - C 1 em so n University, Clemson Chemi s try De pt . USE OF THE FALLOUT RADIONUCLIDE 1 1 3M -C D AS A BIOGEOCHEMICAL TRACER Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Sponsor Not Known AREA: Southern Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : tracer, transport, water quality, atmospheric, model, chemistry, trace metals, cadmium, radionuclides, sediments, mass balance, inorganics, geochemistry DESCRIPTION: The existence of isotopic tr ac in unravelling the behavior of, e .g and cesium in the Great Lakes. Thi extended to include cadmium, based cadmium-113m (half-life = 14.6 y). cadmium-113m entered the environmen ago, we have developed methods for Lake Michigan water and sediment, was estimated by analyzing undistur watershed. These data provide a me mass balance models for cadmium ind measurements of the stable isotopes er s proved crucial ., lead, plutonium, s 1 ist c an no w be on the use of Although most t over two decades determining it in The source term bed soils from the an s of v al ida t ing ependent of LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UIN G Ref. no. 303 U.S. EPA Michigan - Large Lakes Research Station, Grosse lie CONTAMINANTS IN GREEN BAY FISH Starting date: 1987 Completion date: 1989 Project no: Sponsor: U.S. EPA - Great Lakes National Program Office AREA: Green Bay; Wisconsin waters; Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: biology, chemistry, contaminants, toxics, fish DESCRIPTION: LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Ref. no. 304 U. S. EPA - REGION V GRAND CALUMET WASTE LOAD ALLOCATION MODEL AND RISK ASSESSMENT Starting date: 1985 Completion date: 1985 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: U.S. EPA - Great Lakes National Program Office AREA: Grand Calumet River; Indiana Harbor Canal; Southern Lake Mic nig an KEYWORDS: chemistry, loading, risk assessment, model, sediments, pollution, waste disposal, discharge, water quality, river, harbors, organics DESCRIPTION: -"^q. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 305 VANDERPLOEG, H.A. ; BOLSENGA, S.J.; FAHNENSTIEL, G. L. ; GARDNER, W.S. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor WINTER ECOLOGY Starting date: 1987 Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Task 6. 49 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes KE YW OR DS : biology, winter, ice, temperature, invertebrates, zooplankton, phytopl an kton , populations, benthic DESCRIPTION: This project is gathering data on the state of the biota under the ice. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 306 VANDERPLOEG, H. A. ; GARDNER, W.S.; FAHNENSTIEL, G. L. ; LIEBIG, J.R. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor ECOLOGY OF AN INVADER: THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY OF BYTHOTREPHES AND ITS EFFECT ON FOOD WEB STRUCTURE IN THE GREAT LAKES Starting date: 1987 Completion date: Continuing Project no: Task 5.31 Sponsor: NOAA AREA: Great Lakes KE YW OR DS : biology, ph yto pi an kton , zooplankton, invertebrates, food chain, nutrients, inorganics, cycling, diet, physiology, Cladocera DESCRIPTION: LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref . no . 307 VANDERPLOEG, H. A. ; TARAPCHAK, S.J. Michigan - NOAA/GLERL, Ann Arbor ZOOPLANKTON GRAZING Starting date: Compl etio n d ate : Proj ec t no : Task Sponsor: NOAA 1985 5.2 AREA: Lake Michigan; Laboratory KEYWORDS: biology, zooplankton, grazing, Copepoda, diet, temperature, ph y to pi an kton , Diaptomus, feeding DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : (1) To determine seasonal size-selective grazing rates by females of the four different species of Diaptomus found in Lake Michigan. Correlate food size selection and morphology of the filtering apparatus. Relate feeding rates to environmental parameters, such as kinds of algae available as food and temperature. (2) To try out potentially promising narcotizing agents for use as zoopl an kto n-spec ific killing agents for in situ studies of grazing, using the Gliwicz method (1968) automated by the use of the Coulter Coun ter . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref . no . 308 WANG, W. Illinois - Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign PHYTOTOXICITY OF WAUKEGAN HARBOR USING PHYTOASSAY METHODS Starting date: 1 986 Completion date: 1987 Project no: 020 Sponsor: University of Illinois Hazardous Waste Res. and Info. Center AREA: Waukegan Harbor; Lake Michigan; Laboratory KEYWORDS: biology, bioassay, chemistry, sediments, toxics, PCBs , organics, vegetation, duckweed, millet, contaminants, reproduction, growth, botany DESCRIPTION: The purpose of this project is to assess the toxicity potential of contaminated sediment samples using tests on plants. Bottom sediment is generally considered a sink for environmental pollutants. However, various natural or artificial actions can cause sediment to resuspend and transport and thus create secondary pollution effects. Sediments are also active biological zones and can be an important component of an ecosystem. In this study, sediments from Waukegan Harbor, contaminated to various levels with PCBs, will be investigated in the form of a slurry using the duckweed reproduction test and the millet root elongation test. The results of these phytoassay tests will be compared with results of other tests using bacteria, algae, and nematodes. This information will be used to assess the accuracy of the direct phytoassay methods in determining sediment toxicity LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no 309 WEBER, W.J., JR. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Civil Engineering De pt . Arbor THE EFFECTS OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER ON THE BIOAVAILABILITY OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS (CH'S) Starting date: 2/01/1986 Completion date: 1/31/1987 Project no: R/TS-2 9 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Laboratory KE YW OR DS : organics, analytical methods, bioavailability, uptake, chemistry, biology, b io accumul atio n , PAHs, organic carbon, humic acid, toxics, water quality, model, ph yto pi an kton , organic matter DESCRIPTION: Ob j ec tiv es : 1) Design a methodology to directly apply Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RPHPLC) for predicting the bioavailability and b io accumulation of chlorinated hydrocarbons to aquatic organisms. 2) Characterize the effects of background dissolved organic matter on chlorinated hydrocarbon (CH) bioavailability and b io accumulation . 3) Develop models to quantify and predict these phenomena. 4) Calibrate and verify the model to field studies. Me thodol ogy : The RPHPLC retention times of six CH's will be corrected to b ioconcen tra tion factors (BCF's) and data from planktonic uptake studies in the presence of varying amounts of natural DOC from surface waters in Michigan and a commercially available DOC, Aldrich Hum ic Ac id . Ra tional e : The results from this study will be of direct and immediate benefit to individuals and institu- tions concerned with the toxic effects of CH's on aquatic organisms. In addition, the methodologies and models developed from the project will facilitate rapid and accurate measurements by state, local, and federal agencies. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref . no . 31 WELLS, L. Michigan - National Fisheries Center - Great Lakes, Ann Arbor SURVEILLANCE AND STATUS OF FISH POPULATIONS — LAKE MICHIGAN Star ting date : Completion date: Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: U.S. Fish AREA: Lake Michigan 1/1 970 Con tin uing and Wildlife Service KEYWORDS: fish, biology, bloater chub, alewife, yellow perch, smelt, deepwater sculpin, slimy sculpin, salmonid, monitoring, populations, mortality, reproduction, growth, diet, lake trout, chub, whitefish, management, distribution, abundance, sea lamprey DESCRIPTION: Regular, systematic sampling each year with trawls, gillnets, tow nets and other gear yields detailed information on abundance, distribution, size/age composition, growth, mortality, maturity, and diet for Lake Michigan lake trout, chub, whitefish, yellow perch, and preyfish resources, as well as data on degree of success of sea lamprey control and lake trout rehabilitation programs. This critical information forms the basis for research by U.S.F.W.S. in cooperation with other agencies to (1) determine the status of the stocks; (2) evaluate the impact of the fisheries; (3) develop new interagency management plans; (4) predict total allowable catch of chub, lake trout, and whitefish in treaty-ceded waters; (5) determine capacity of prey-fish stocks to sustain present or increased levels of salmonid predation. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Re f . no 31 1 WESELOH, D.V.; STRUGER, J. R. Ontario - Canadian Center for Inland Waters, Canadian Wildlife Service Bur 1 ing to n ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS AND MERCURY IN HERRING GULL EGGS FROM THE GREAT LAKES, 1983-84 Star ting date : Completion date: Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Canadian 1980 Co ntin uing Wild li fe Serv ic e AREA: Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Lake Huron; Lake Erie; Lake Ontario; Green Bay KEYWORDS: biology, chemistry, toxics, contaminants, organics, DDE, DDT, mirex, PCBs , herring gulls, birds, eggs, dieldrin, monitoring, mercury, inorganics, chlordane, endrin, chloroben zenes , metals, heptachlor epoxide, org anochlorine pesticides DESCRIPTION: From 1974 to 197 9 levels of toxic chemicals (DDE, DDT, HCB, mirex, and PCBs) in Herring Gull eggs from the Great Lakes decreased dramatically. From 1979/1980 to 1982 however, levels of most of these compounds as well as levels of dieldrin increased (some significantly) at several sampling sites throughout the Great Lakes. From 1982 to 1983 the situation again changed and there was a sharp decrease (often significantly) in the levels of all 6 compo und s . In 1983-84, herring gull eggs from 13 colony sites from throughout the 5 Great Lakes and connecting channels were analyzed for 18 organic contaminants and mercury. Sixteen of the compounds showed highly significant (P<0.001) variation in concentrations among sites. The highest levels of eight different compounds: DDE, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, DDT, al pha- chl ord an e , ox yc hi ord an e , endrin, and beta-HCH, occurred in gull eggs at Big Sister Island, Green Bay, Lake Michgan. The highest levels of tetra- and penta- c hi orob en zen e were found in eggs from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. PCBs and HCB were greatest in eggs from Fighting Island, Detroit River. Colonies on Lake Ontario had the highest levels of mirex, beta-HCH, and mercury. Between 1983 and 1984 levels of all compounds except dieldrin, mirex, and g amm a- chl ord an e significantly decreased on at least one colony site. Thirteen compounds decreased significantly in eggs from Granite Island in Lake Superior. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no 31 2 WESELOH, D.V.; STRUGER, J.R.; KUBIAK, T.J. Ontario - Canadian Center for Inland Waters, Burlington Canadian Wildlife Service; Ontario - Canadian Center for Inland Waters, Burlington Canadian Wildlife Service; Wisconsin - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Green Bay THE OCCURENCE OF CONGENITAL ANOMALIES IN DO UB LE -C RES TE D CORMORANTS AND HERRING GULLS IN THE GREAT LAKES Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Canadian Wildlife Service; U.S. Serv ice Fish and Wildlife AREA: Great Lakes; Green Bay; Door County; Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: biology, cormorants, birds, herring gulls, chemistry, toxics, contaminants, deformity, physiology, organics DESCRIPTION: In 1983 and/or 1984, approximately 1700 Herring Gull chicks from four colonies and 8300 young Do ubl e- crested Cormorants from 33 colonies were examined for congenital anomalies on the Great Lakes. No anomalies were found in Herring Gull chicks but 36 cormorants with anomalies were found: deformed bills and deformed eyes. The former were located primarily in the Green Bay /Door County Peninsula area of Lake Michigan, Wisconsin and the latter from eastern Lake Ontario near Kingston, Ontario. The incidence of anomalies ranged from zero on Lakes Erie, Superior, and Lake-of- the-Wood s (0 of 2265) to 0.95% or (31 of 3249) from Lake Michigan. This is the first time in 10 years that the widespread occurence of congenital anomalies in fish-eating birds on the Great Lakes have been found. At present, we do not know the cause of the deformities but toxic chemicals are suspected. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONTI N UI NG Ref. no. 313 WESELY, M. Illinois - Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne Environmental Research Division AIR-WATER PHYSICAL TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS IN OPEN LAKE CONDITIONS Continuing Starting date : Compl et ion date : Project no : Sponsor: Sponsor Not Known AREA: Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: chemistry, atmospheric, air-water interface, transport, loading, deposition, toxics, contaminants DESCRIPTION: Observations were made from a NOAA data buoy located in the southern basin of Lake Michigan to compute that the gas-phase, monthly average, transfer coefficients at a height of 10 m range from over 0.65 cm/s in March to about 0.2 cm/s in May, which are substantially lower than previous estimates. For a substance with a Schmidt number of 1500 in water, the aqueous physical transfer velocity varies from 1.2 x 0.001 cm/s in March to 0.4 x 0.001 cm/s in June. Calculations generally show that for substances with Henry's Law constants larger than about 2 Pa cubic meters/mole, the aqueous resistance to transfer is larger than the aerodynamic resistance near the surface. Computations for midlake conditions are necessary to evaluate the processes of dry deposition of toxic contaminants in the Great Lakes. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref . no . 314 WHITE, D.S. Michigan - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor REDISTRIBUTION OF SE DIME NT -BO UN D TOXIC ORGANICS BY BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES Starting date: Compl etion d ate : Proj ec t no : Sponsor: NOAA Continuing AREA: Southern Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: benthic, invertebrates, biology, sediments, toxics, organics, ol igoc hae tes , feeding, mixing, b iot urba t ion , pesticides, bioassay, water quality DESCRIPTION: The objective of this project is to measure the effect of chronic exposure of trace organic contaminants on sediment reworking rates of benthic invertebrates. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CONTINUI NG Ref. no. 315 WISCONSIN DEPT. OF NAT. RESOURCES Wisconsin - Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison Bureau of Fish Management STOCK RAINBOW TROUT STRAINS AND EVALUATE Starting date: Completion date: 1985 Project no: Sponsor: Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources AREA: Lake Michigan; Oconto River KEYWORDS: biology, fish, management, stocking, sport fishing, rainbow trout, tributaries, fish strains DESCRIPTION: This project will stock Shasta, Pikes Creek, and Skamania rainbow trout in the Oconto River and evaluate their return to anglers. The strains will be floy tagged prior to stocking. Tags will be returned via the Lake Michigan creel census, voluntary returns, assessment fishing, and el ec tro f i shing surveys. This project will identify which of these three strains are most suitable for stocking into Lake Michigan. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN U ING Re f . no . 316 WISCONSIN DEPT. OF NAT. RESOURCES Wisconsin - Wisconsin De pt . of Natural Resources, Madison Bureau of Fish Management STOCK BROOK TROUT STRAINS AND EVALUATE Star ting date : Completion date: 1986 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources AREA: Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : biology, stocking, management, brook trout, fish, fish strains, survival, growth, diet, distribution, movement, sport fishing, habitat DESCRIPTION: This project will stock 15,000 wild Nipigon and 15,000 domestic strain brook trout in Lake Michigan and will compare their survival to harvest. Each strain will be given an identifying marker prior to stocking. Growth, survival, food, habitats, distribution, movement, and angler catch will be monitored for each strain through 1986. This study will identify the best brook trout for stocking in La ke Mic hig an . LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no 317 WISCONSIN DEPT. OF NAT. RESOURCES Wisconsin - Wisconsin De pt . of Natural Resources, Madison Bureau of Fish Management COHO SALMON BROODSTOCK SELECTION Starting date: 1984 Completion date: 1987 Project no: Sponsor: Wisconsin De pt . of Natural Re sourc es AREA: Lake Michigan; Sheboygan River; Wisconsin KE YW OR DS : biology, fish, coho salmon, fish eggs, spawning, fish strains, river DESCRIPTION: This project will collect fertilized coho salmon eggs and determine spawning run timing in the Sheboygan River. In addition, this project will obtain milt from early running coho populations in Alaska to hybridize with Lake Michigan coho eggs. The development of coho salmon strains that return to stocking locations in late August and September will enhance harvest of these fish. Currently, coho salmon return to Wisconsin streams in late October and November when angling activities are minimal. Assessment activities will compare timing of spawning between pure Lake Michigan and Lake Michigan-Alaska hybrid strains. The hybrid strains will be produced for three years. This operations activity will provide one million fertilized coho salmon eggs for hatching and rearing at the Kettle Moraine Springs and Lake Mills hatcheries LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no . 31 8 WISCONSIN DEPT. OF NAT. RESOURCES Wisconsin - Wisconsin De pt . of Natural Resources, Madison Bureau of Fish Management CHINOOK SALMON STOCKING EVALUATION Starting date: 1982 Completion date: 1988 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: Wisconsin De pt . of Natural Resources AREA: Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : biology, management, fish, chinook salmon, stocking, distribution, age, growth, salmonid, survival, sport fishing DESCRIPTION: This project will stock 80,000 coded wire tagged chinook salmon each year 1982-1984. One lot of 20,000 uniquely marked salmon will be stocked each year at Marinette, Strawberry Creek, Sheboygan, and Racine. Tag returns are expected through 1987 with project completion in 1988. The project will identify stocking locations that maximize the survival to harvest of stocked chinook salmon in Lake Michigan. In addition, the age composition, growth patterns, and catch distribution (seasonal and geographical) will be described. Coded wire tags will be implanted into fingerlings salmon at the Wild Rose Hatchery. Tags will be returned through the regular contact creel census and voluntary returns through the Great Lakes sport fishing clubs. Chinook salmon comprise 40 % of the total Lake Michigan salmonid sport catch. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref . no . 31 9 WISCONSIN DEPT. OF NAT. RESOURCES Wisconsin - Wisconsin De pt . of Natural Resources, Madison Bureau of Fish Management LAKE MICHIGAN FISHERIES ASSESSMENTS Starting date: Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Wisconsin De pt . of Natural Resources AREA: Lake Michigan; Green Bay KE YW OR DS : biology, management, fish, populations, growth, whitefish, yellow perch, smallmouth bass, walleye, northern pike, muskellunge, chub, age, distribution, movement, spawning, abundance, sport fishing, commercial fishing, regulation, mortality DESCRIPTION: This project encompasses assessments of populations of lake whitefish and Menominee whitefish, chub, yellow perch, smallmouth bass, walleye, northern pike, and muskellunge. Biological data will be collected by test gill nets, fyke nets, trawling, el ec tro fi shing , commercial catch reporting, and contract commercial fishing for the various species. Tagging studies will be implemented on whitefish to provide estimates of mortality. Studies will also evaluate perch catches from modified entrapment gear. Data collected will be used to determine harvest quota for the commercial chub fishery and data on walleye populations in Green Bay will be used to set biologically sound commercial and sport regulations. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no 32 WISCONSIN DEPT. OF NAT. RESOURCES Wisconsin - Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison Bureau of Fish Management STOCK SPLAKE AND EVALUATE Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources AREA: Lake Michigan; Green Bay; Marinette KE YW OR DS : management, fish, stocking, splake, genetics, fish strains, sport fishing, lake trout, brook trout DESCRIPTION: This project will stock four lots of 10,000 splake in Green Bay near Marinette. Two lots of yearlings and fingerlings will be planted. F1 crosses will be made using female Lake Michigan lake trout and hatchery or wild Lake Nipigon male brook trout. Evaluation will be made through the regular creel census and experimantal gear. The goal of this project is to create a winter fishery for splake in the Marinette area. A similar fishery has been developed in Chequamegon Bay of Lake Superior. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no . 321 WISCONSIN DEPT. OF NAT. RESOURCES Wisconsin - Wisconsin De pt . of Natural Resources, Madison Bureau of Fish Management STOCK LAKE TROUT AND EVALUATE Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources AREA: Lake Michigan; Wind Point Shoal; Black Can Reef; Northeast Reef; Sheboygan Reef; Northern Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: management, biology, lake trout, fish, stocking, spawning, survival, reefs, movement, distribution, fish strains, rehabilitation, growth DESCRIPTION: This project will stock lake trout in southern and northern Lake Michigan. In southern Lake Michigan, approximately 500,000 lake trout will be stocked annually and survival evaluated by spawning. Stocking and assessment activities will take place on Wind Point Shoal, Black Can Reef, Northeast Reef, and Sheboygan Reef. The Domestic (Superior), Green Lake, Seneca Lake and Jenny Lake strains will be evaluated to determine which species should be stocked. Movement and association to stocking location of planted lake trout will be determined. In northern Lake Michigan, 100 to 200 thousand lake trout of different strains will be stocked on historic spawning reefs. Survivability, movement, growth rates, and reproduction will be compared among strains. Assessment data will be obtained through the monitoring of commercial and sport fisheries and by assessment fishing by WDNR. This project will contribute to the r eestabl ishm en t of lake trout and identify lake trout strains that are best for stocking in Lake Michigan. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 98 4 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no 322 WISCONSIN DEPT. OF NAT. RESOURCES Wisconsin - Wisconsin De pt . of Natural Resources, Bureau of Fish Management Madi son LAKE MICHIGAN SALMONID CREEL CENSUS Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Wisconsin De pt . of Natural Resources AREA: Lake Michigan KE YW OR DS : recreation, biology, creel census, sport fishing, salmonid, lake trout, rainbow trout, brown trout, coho salmon, chinook salmon, salmon, trout, fish, management, stocking DESCRIPTION: This project will evaluate the stocking of trout and salmon in terms of return to anglers. Total harvest, total effort, catch per effort, species composition of catch, and geographical distribution of catch will be estimated. This project provides essential feedback concerning the current stocking program and will suggest program alterations to maximize stocking effectiveness. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 98M -C ONT IN UI N G Ref . no. 323 WISCONSIN DEPT. OF NAT. RESOURCES Wisconsin - Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison Bureau of Water Resources Management WATER POLLUTION ABATEMENT Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources AREA: Lake Michigan; Sheboygan Harbor; Green Bay; Milwaukee Riv er KEYWORDS: pollutants, chemistry, water quality, abatement, toxics, organics, wetlands, tributaries DESCRIPTION: LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 324 WISCONSIN DEPT. OF NAT. RESOURCES; U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS Wisconsin - Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison; Wisconsin - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers IN-PLACE POLLUTANTS IN SHEBOYGAN HARBOR Starting date: 1985 Completion date: 1986 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: U.S. EPA - Great Lakes National Program Office AREA: Sheboygan Harbor, Lake Michigan KEYWORDS: chemistry, pollution, dredging, sediments, organics, PCBs, water quality, fate, toxics DESCRIPTION: LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 325 WONG, L. ; MCCORQUODALE, J. A; SANDERSON, M.E. Ontario - University of Windsor, Windsor Great Lakes Institute FUTURE CHANGES IN GREAT LAKES WATER BUDGET Star ting date : Completion date: Continuing Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Sponsor Not Known AREA: Great Lakes KEYWORDS: model, hydrology, tributaries, runoff, lake levels, water budget, water supply, climate, historical, evaporation, precipitation DESCRIPTIO Thi assess t Lakes wa based on Godd ard Fluid Dy seen ar io cl im atic incl ud in ov erl ake The hear by GLERL ind ic ate ba sin su than 2 0% N: s project is using a he impacts of future ter supply. Two cl im prediction from mode Institute of Space St namics Lab were adopt s were compared with conditions. All maj g basin runoff, overl evaporation were inc t of the model is a b /NOAA. Results of th d that under the two pply of the Great La k modelling approach to climatic change on Great atic change scenarios Is developed by the udies and the Geophysical ed . These climatic change a base case of historic or water supply parameters ake precipitation, and luded in the model simulation, asin runoff model developed e net basin supply simulation climate scenarios, total net es could be reduced by more LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 32 6 WOOD, W.; DAVIS, S. Indiana - Purdue University, West Lafayette Great Lakes Coastal Research Laboratory INDIANA DUNES NATIONAL LAKESHORE SHORELINE SITUATION STUDY Starting date: 9/1983 Completion date: 9/1986 Proj ec t no : Sponsor: Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore AREA: Southern Lake Michigan; Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore KE YW OR DS : geology, erosion, sand dunes, littoral drift, vegetation, coastal structures, beach, beach nourishment, historical, bluffs, aerial photography, lake levels, hydrography, model, recession, waves, physical, currents, sediments DESCRIPTION: This project assessed the shoreline and adjacent nearshore area within the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore with respect to coastal processes as they relate to historic and contemporary erosion. Particular attention was given to position changes of the shoreline, bluff top, nearshore sand bars, and dune vegetation. Beach and nearshore sediments were analyzed with respect to their contemporary grain properties and compared to historic data to determine areas of change. Another important aspect of the study dealt with man-made structures on the coast and their impact on overall coastal stability. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI N G Ref. no. 327 WOOD, W. ; DAVIS, S. Indiana - Purdue University, West Lafayette Great Lakes Coastal Research Laboratory STATE OF INDIANA SHORELINE SITUATION OVERVIEW Starting date : 6/1 986 Completion date: 11/1986 Pro j ec t no : Sponsor: State of Indiana AREA: Southern Lake Michigan; Indiana shoreline KEYWORDS: geology, erosion, sand dunes, littoral drift, hydrography, aerial photography, beach, bluffs, coastal structures, model, lake levels, waves, currents, physical, sediments DESCRIPTION: LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 9 84 -CO NT IN UING Ref. no. 328 ZABIK, M.J. Michigan - Michigan State University, East Lansing Pesticide Research Center STUDIES ON THE COMPOSITION AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THE POLYCHLORINATED COMPONENTS OF TOXAPHENE IN THE GREAT LAKES Starting date: 5/01/1983 Completion date: 1/31/1986 Proj ect no : R/TS-25 Sponsor: Michigan Sea Grant College Program AREA: Great Lakes KE YW OR DS : analytical methods, toxaphene, photochemistry, chemistry, organics, water quality, atmospheric, sediments, biology, fate, rain, sunlight, irradiance, toxics, water quality, analytical methods, o rg anoc hlor ine pesticides DESCRIPTION: Obj ec tives : Validate and improve the analytical pro- cedures for toxaphene residues in water, air, sediments and biological tissues from the Great Lakes. Initiate the photo- chemical fate of the major toxic com- ponents (B,A1,A2,Ac) of toxaphene in air, rain water and waters of the Great Lakes. Ben efi ts : These studies will give those researchers in the physical and biological areas a knowledge of the exact composition of toxaphene entering the Great Lakes, methods for analysis of toxaphene at various levels of resolution and cost and how sunlight affects the overall composition as well as the specific isomers of toxaphene. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT I N UI NG Ref. no. 329 See LYON, J. on page 239. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -C ONT IN UI NG Ref. no. 330 See BRADEN, J.; HERRICKS, E. on page 56. LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS - 1 984 -CONTIN U ING Ref. no. 331 See DAVENPORT, R.; SPACIE, A. on page 103 49, 60, 135, 168, 169, 171, 204, 205, 213, 310 SUBJECT INDEX FOR LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS Ref » no. : ABATEMENT, POLLUTION 26, 108, 154, 323 ACID RAIN 209 ADSORPTION (S: sorption) AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 55, 68, 151, 326, 327, 329 AIR QUALITY 154 AIR TEMPERATURE (S: temperature) AIR-WATER INTERFACE 8, 11, 216, 298, 313 ALBEDOS 187 ALEWIFE 34, 47, 165, 167, 174, 178, 263, 264, ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS (general) 220 (SA: specific compounds) ALKANOLS 220 ALUMINUM 234, 257 AMINO ACIDS 2, 5, 6, 121 AMPHIPODA 49, 102, 103, 113, 114, 116, 121, 181, 182, 183, 184, 191, 205, 240 ANALYTICAL METHODS 9, 10, 11, 86, 93, 121, 122, 285, 286, 309, 328 ANGLING (S: sport fishing) ANTIMONY 257 AQUACULTURE 2, 3, 5, 6, 31 184 AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY 9 AQUIFER 7, 20, 21, 65, 66, 282, 283, 295 ARSENIC 234, 257 ARTIFICIAL REEFS 95, 221 ATMOSPHERIC 8, 11, 154, 187, 227, 298, 313, 328 Note: S: indicates see reference SA: indicates see also reference 61, 92, 101, 209, 216, 217, 299, 301, 302, Ref . no» ; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION 101, 227, 301, 313 ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT 8, 11, 92, 216, 227, 298, 299, 301, 302, 313 AUTOTROPHY 107 BACTERIA (SA: microbiology) 112, 115, 116, 164, 228, 256, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 291, 331 BARIUM 257 BATHYMETRY 50, 222, 280 BEACH 68, 69, 109, 175, 326, 327 BEHAVIOR (SA: f ish_behavior) 8, 32, 49, 123, 150, 253, 263 BENTHIC ALGAE 58 BENTHIC BOUNDARY LAYER 137, 176, 189, 266, 300 (SA: nepheloid layer) BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES (S: invertebrates_benthic) (S: specific species) BENZO-A-PYRENE (SA: PAHs) 298 BERYLLIUM 138, 257 BHC (SA: organochlorine pesticides) 100 BIBLIOGRAPHY 145, 283 BIOACCUMULATION 49, 64, 91, 102, 103, 154, 182, 202, 236, 289, 309 BIOASSAY 22, 95, 121, 122, 150, 183, 191, 202, 209, 211, 212, 236, 256, 308, 314, 331 BIOAVAILABILITY 202, 209, 309 BIOCHEMISTRY 2, 4, 5, 102, 113, 121, 238, 239 BIODEGRADATION 92, 212 BIOENERGETICS (S : f ish_bioenergetics) BIOMASS 116, 131, 134, 178, 203, 223, 262 BIOTRANSFORMATION 184, 212 BIOTURBATION 254, 255, 314 BIRDS 64, 84, 130, 200, 311, 312 Ref . no.: BISMUTH 257 BLOATER (S: chub) BLUE-GREEN ALGAE (SA: phytoplankton) ... 58, 294 BLUFFS 63, 68, 326, 327 BOATING (SA: recreation) 139 BOG 65 BOTANY 40, 67, 132, 271, 308 BOTTOM-UP CONTROL OF ECOSYSTEM 173, 180, 251 BOWFIN 259 BROOK TROUT 316, 320 BROWN BULLHEAD 22 BROWN TROUT 49, 124, 212, BURBOT 77, 53, 55, 57, 58, 93, 106, 107, 131, 163, 164, 173, 262, 291, 292, 293, 294, 124, 212, 223 61, 257, CADMIUM 15, 61, 257, 258, 298, 302 CALCITE WHITINGS (S: calcium carbonate) CALCIUM 15, 173, 234, 301 CALCIUM CARBONATE 15, CALORIES 113, CARBARYL (SA: pesticides) 183 CARBON DIOXIDE 17, CARBON-14 (SA: dating) 109, CARCINOGENS (SA: toxics) 22 CARP 259 CATFISH 6 CATTAILS (SA: macrophytes) 164, CESIUM (SA: radionuclides) 61, CHEMISTRY 173, 234, 173, 301 116 217, 234 129, 275, 64, 262 61, 94, 138 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 44, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 58, 61, 65, 66, 71, 72, 73, 83, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, CHEMISTRY (continued) 93, CHINOOK SALMON (SA: salmonid) Ref . no. : 93, 94, 95, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 108, 111, 115, 120, 122, 123, 132, 137, 138, 143, 144, 152, 154, 161, 173, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 183, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 191, 193, 200, 201, 207, 209, 211, 212, 216, 220, 227, 231, 234, 235, 236, 240, 241, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 259, 262, 266, 267, 272, 282, 284, 285, 286, 289, 291, 292, 293, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 308, 309, 311, 312, 313, 323, 324, 328, 329, 331 28, 33, 60, 117, 122, 124, 155, 167, 168, 212, 213, 263, 264, 318, 322 234, 252 100, 249, 311 121 57, 58, 85, 104, 180, 192, 209, 226 CHLORDANE 22, 143, 212, 259, 286, (SA: organochlorine pesticides) 311 CHLORIDE 185, CHLOROBENZENES (SA: specific compounds) 12, CHLOROPHENOLS (SA: phenol) 12, CHLOROPHYLL 15, 173, CHLOROPHYTA (S: green algae) CHROMIUM 15 CHYROSPHYTA (S: diatoms) CHUB 29, 54, 168, 263, CIRCULATION (SA: currents) 18, 233, CLADOCERA (SA: zooplankton) 43, 306, CLAMS 289 CLAY 160 CLIMATE 17, 78, 82, 198, 215, 227, 325 COASTAL STRUCTURES 68, 96, 326, 327 32, 34, 47, 52, 103, 134, 141, 165, 204, 205, 213, 223, 264, 310, 319 24, 25, 83, 216, 265, 277 85, 120, 186, 191, 331 Re f . no . : COBALT 257 COHO SALMON (SA: salmonid) 6, 60, 117, 124, 155, 167, 168, 212, 213, 263, 264, 317, 322 COMMERCIAL FISHING 35, 36, 54, 75, 76, 134, 141, 172, 223, 260, 297, 319 COMMON TERNS (SA: birds; SA: terns) .... 200 COMPETITION 52, 85, 174, 204, 205, 246, 293, 294 CONNECTING CHANNELS 242, 244, 329 CONSUMPTIVE USE (S: water use) CONTAMINANTS 8, 9, 11, 12, 20, (SA: organics) 21, 22, 26, 49, 64, (SA: specific compounds) 87, 88, 89, 91, 94, 102, 121, 122, 123, 130, 143, 144, 154, 159, 201, 202, 211, 216, 235, 236, 248, 250, 253, 254, 256, 259, 283, 284, 285, 286, 289, 303, 308, 311, 312, 313 COPEPODA (SA: zooplankton) 44, 85, 307 COPPER 15, 257 CORING (S: sediment cores) CORMORANTS (SA: birds) 200, 312 CRAYFISH 154, 246 CREEL CENSUS 124, 141, 322 CURRENTS (SA: circulation) 24, 69, 83, 163, 188, 189, 190, 216, 218, 225, 265, 266, 277, 278, 297, 326, 327 CYANOPHYTA (S: blue-green algae) CYCLING_INORGANICS 14, 15, 55, 71, 104, 105, 112, 114, 132, 176, 178, 231, 234, 240, 241, 271, 272, 291, 292, 301, 306 CYCLING_METALS 14, 15, 176, 234, 301 CYCLING_NUTRIENTS 14, 15, 55, 71, 104, 105, 112, 114, 132, 176, 178, 179, 231, 234, 240, 241, 271, 272, 291, 292, 306 Re f . no . : CYCLINGJDRCANICS 89, 92, 103, 179, 216, 249 CYCLINGJTRACE METALS 14, 15, 176, 234, 301 DAMSELFLIES 131 DATABASE 80, 145, 146, 222, 245, 248, 283 DATING (SA: carbon-14; SA: lead-210) ... 61, 94, 100, 109, 129 275, 281 DDD (SA: organochlorine pesticides) .... 64 DDE (SA: organochlorine pesticides) .... 102, 159, 311 DDT (SA: organochlorine pesticides) .... 22, 27, 100, 143, 159, 183, 216, 249, 286, 311 DECAY 24 DECOMPOSITION 216, 240 DEFORMITY 200, 312 DEGRADATION 220, 254, 256 DEPOSITION 73, 79, 100, 101, 160, 227, 254, 255, 258, 273, 301, 313 DEPURATION 181, 184, 236 DESORPTION (SA: sorption) 87, 88, 298 DETRITUS 116, 132, 164, 208 DIAGENESIS 92, 100, 176, 234, 258 DIATOMS (SA: phytoplankton) 58, 71, 73, 173, 273 DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS (SA: dioxins) 122, 235, 236 (SA: PCDD; SA: TCDD) DIBENZOFURANS (SA: furans; SA: PCDF) ... 22, 122, 236, 286 (SA: TCDF) DIELDRIN 49, 64, 143, 249, 311 (SA: organochlorine pesticides) DIET (SA: fishjdiet; 2, 3, 5, 6, 29, (SA: invertebrate_diet) 31, 32, 34, 44, 47, 52, 60, 64, 77, 85, 91, 102, 113, 114, 116, 118, 133, 135, 155, 159, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 174, 182, 184, 196, 197, 201, 203, 204, 205, 213, 214, 240, 251, 263, 264, 297, 306, 307, 310, 316 Re f . no . : DIFFUSION 24, 61, 216, 298 DIOXINS (SA: specific compounds) 10, 12, 22, 122, 130, 235, 236, 248, 285, 286 DISCHARGE 19, 83, 154, 289, 304 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (SA: oxygen) 18, 161, 234, 241 DIVERSION 82, 156, 157, 242 DREDGING 175, 202, 324 DUCKS 84 DUCKWEED 308 ECONOMICS 1, 35, 36, 37, 59, 108, 110, 139, 156, 157, 172, 206, 210, 219, 221, 232, 274, 288, 290, 330 ECGS (SA: fish_eggs) 51, 64, 122, 130, 144, 147, 149, 150, 201, 235, 296, 297, 311, 317 ENDRIN (SA: organochlorine pesticides).. 311 ENERGY FLOW 55, 113, 116, 195, 203 ENGINEERING 96, 221 EROSION 67, 68, 79, 175, 326, 327 ESTUARY (S: wetlands) EUTROPHICATION 26, 186, 209, EVAPORATION 80, 81, 82, 215, 217, 325 93, 108, 173, 180, 192, 193, 207, 208, 251, 273 FATE (of pollutants or nutrients) 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 49, 89, 92, 94, 103, 123, 289, 298, 324, 328 FATHEAD MINNOW 95, 191, 263 FATTY ACIDS 220 FECAL PELLETS 240 FECUNDITY (SA: reproduction) 200, 214, 246 FEEDING (SA: predation) 32, 85, 240, 307, 314 (SA: zooplankton grazing) FISHING (S: commercial fishing) (S: sport fishing) FISH_ABUNDANCE 90, 125, 230, 296, 297, 310, 319 Ref FISH_AGE 34 318 FISH_BEHAVIOR 32 FISH_BIOENERGETICS 29 170 FISH_DIET 2 31 60 135 167 174 204 263 FISH_DISTRIBUTION 118 205 319 FISH_EGGS 51 150 317 FISH_GENETICS 3 320 FISH_GROWTH 3 34 77 144 197 297 321 FISH_HABITAT 56 158 296 FISH_LARVAL 29 118 158 235 FISH_LIFE HISTORY 31 296 FISH_MANAGEMENT 1 54 133 167 284 315 321 FISH MORTALITY 34 90 199 319 no. 74, 77, 319 49, 150, 49, 167, 171, 174, 3, 5, 32, 34, 77, 102, 155, 159, 168, 169, 196, 197, 205, 213, 264, 297, 125, 195, 279, 310, 321 122, 144, 201, 235, 117, 140, 331 29, 31, 47, 49, 117, 118, 158, 170, 205, 214, 310, 316, 70, 97, 164, 205, 316, 330 32, 34, 144, 147, 164, 169, 297 90, 149, 297 35, 36, 75, 98, 134, 135, 171, 172, 286, 290, 316, 318, 322, 330 51, 74, 122, 133, 201, 223, 158, 214, 263 168, 169, 178 6, 29, 47, 52, 118, 133, 165, 166, 170, 171, 201, 203, 214, 251, 310, 316 196, 197, 316, 318, 147, 149, 296, 297, 238, 239, 32, 33, 52, 76, 125, 133, 171, 191, 223, 261, 318, 319, 133, 147, 208, 263, 51, 52, 149, 150, 196, 197, 158, 204, 47, 48, 99, 124, 146, 154, 223, 237, 297, 310, 319, 320, 75, 76, 141, 144, 260, 310, Ref FISH_MOVEMENT 74 319 FISH_PHYSIOLOGY 4 33 FISH_POPULATIONS 54 90 133 169 196 214 296 FISH_PREDATION 32 135 168 174 251 FISHJPRODUCTIVITY 99 203 FISHJRECRUITMENT 32 149 297 FISH_REHABILITATION 35 97 199 FISH_REPRODUCTION 28 142 191 310 FISH_SIZE 32 264 FISH_SPAWNING 30 142 158 317 FISH_STOCKING 54 318 FISH_STRAINS 133 315 FISH_TOXICS 22 103 153 201 236 289 FISH YEAR-CLASS STRENGTH FISH YIELD 34 296 74 no. 118, 321 197, 279, 316, 22 28, 38 159, 60 74, 98, 99, 134, 135, 170, 171, 197, 203, 223, 230, 297, 310, 34 51, 155, 165, 169 170, 180, 204, 263, 264 170, 195, 34 74, 158, 169, 36 47, 133, 147, 261, 321 30 97, 144, 148, 195 201, 125 , 165, 48 70, 147, 148, 194, 208, 319, 321 90, 133, 320 321, 149 , 238, 316, 317, 49 51, 122 , 143, 154, , 159, 202, 211, 248 , 259, 303, 330, 76 , 173, 29, 30, 236 76, 77, 118, 125, 165, 168, 194, 195, 204, 205, 238, 247, 319 60, 118, 166, 167, 171, 173, 205, 230, 196, 197, 76, 118, 172, 296, 48, 70, 148, 150, 122, 133, 149, 150, 235, 261, 203, 205, 97, 133, 149, 150, 279, 296, 315, 316, 322 239, 261, 320, 321 95, 102, 144, 152, 162, 191, 212, 235, 284, 286, 331 204, 205, 297 76 Re f . no . : FLAGELLATES 42 FLOW 20, 21, 50, 55, 113, 116, 195, 203, 242, 244, 250, 296 FLUFF LAYER (SA: nepheloid layer) 234 FLUX 8, 11, 13, 15, 23, 27, 61, 71, 72, 92, 94, 100, 104, 138, 253, 254, 258, 267 FLY ASH 95 FOOD CHAIN 27, 49, 52, 64, 91, 92, 102, 103, 112, 113, 116, 131, 132, 164, 166, 173, 180, 182, 186, 203, 230, 251, 269, 271, 291, 306 FORAGE FISH 29, 34, 60, 135, 155, 165, 166, 168, 174, 204, 205, 213, 223, 263, 264 FORAGING RATES (S: feeding; S: predation) (S: zooplankton grazing) FOSSILS 119, 273 FURANS 10, 122, 130, 235, 248, 285 GENETICS 3, 117, 140, 163, 238, 239, 320, 331 GEOCHEMISTRY 71, 72, 73, 176, 220, 233, 234, 249, 273, 302 GEOGRAPHY (S: mapping) GEOLOGY 7, 20, 21, 45, 46, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 79, 97, 109, 119, 126, 127, 129, 160, 175, 222, 233, 234, 273, 275, 280, 281, 282, 283, 295, 326, 327 GEOPHYSICAL 7, 69, 126, 127, 295 GLACIAL 45, 62, 63, 67, 109, 129, 275, 281, 282 GREEN ALGAE 58, 120 GROUNDWATER 7, 20, 21, 65, 66, 82, 282, 283, 295, 296 GROWTH (SA: fish growth) Ref . no. : 3, 16, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 47, 49, 52, 58, 76, 77, 106, 107, 116, 117, 118, 121, 125, 133, 144, 158, 163, 170, 171, 191, 197, 205, 214, 223, 261, 268, 270, 292, 293, 294, 297, 308, 310, 316, 318, 319, 321 64, 84, 311, 312 56, 70, 97, 133, 147, 158, 164, 205, 208, 246, 263, 296, 316, 330 GULLS (SA: birds; SA: herring gulls) . HABITAT 56, HARBORS 22, 96, 304 HCB (SA: organochlorine pesticides) .... 100 HEAVY METALS (SA: inorganics) 67, 286 (SA: metals) HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE 311 HERRING GULLS (SA: birds; SA: gulls) ... 64, 311, 312 HETEROTROPHY 107, 269, 291 HISTORICAL 45, 50, 54, 57, 61, 62, 63, 67, 93, 94, 98, 99, 100, 109, 119, 129, 160, 173, 229, 243, 254, 257, 258, 273, 275, 281, 325, 326 HORMONES 28, 30 HUMAN CONSUMPTION 152, 153, 159, 284 HUMAN HEALTH 12, 152, 153, 159, 284 HUMIC ACID 309 HYALLELA (SA: Amphipoda) 191 HYDROGRAPHY 66, HYDROLOGY ICE IMPRINTING 148, INORGANICS (SA: cycling inorganics) .. 66, 69, 70, 97, 280, 326, 327 7, 20, 21, 50, 55, 65, 66, 78, 80, 82, 156, 185, 242, 243, 245, 250, 282, 283, 295, 296, 325 16, 17, 39, 40, 41, 50, 96, 128, 187, 217, 242, 244, 287, 305 148, 149, 150 14, 15, 19, 23, 26, 44, 53, 55, 58, 67, Ref. no, INORGANICS (continued) INORGANICS METALS INORGANICS NUTRIENTS INORGANICS TRACE METALS INSECTS INTERNAL WAVES (SA: seiche) INVERTEBRATES, MACRO (S: specific species) INVERTEBRATES_ABUNDANCE INVERTEBRATES BENTHIC 71, 72, 73, 93, 94, 95, 104, 105, 106, 108, 111, 112, 114, 115, 132, 143, 154, 159, 173, 176, 177, 178, 180, 185, 186, 190, 207, 209, 227, 231, 234, 240, 241, 251, 252, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 262, 267, 270, 271, 272, 273, 282, 286, 291, 292, 293, 294, 298, 299, 301, 302, 306, 311 14, 15, 67, 94, 95, 154, 176, 234, 252, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 262, 282, 286, 298, 299, 301, 302, 311 14, 15, 19, 23, 26, 44, 53, 55, 58, 71, 72, 73, 93, 104, 105, 106, 108, HI, 112, 114, 115, 132, 173, 176, 177, 178, 180, 185, 186, 190, 207, 209, 227, 231, 234, 240, 241, 251, 255, 262, 267, 270, 271, 272, 273, 282, 291, 292, 293, 294, 306 14, 15, 94, 176, 234, 252, 254, 257, 258, 262, 282, 298, 299, 301, 302 131, 191 225 INVERTEBRATES DIET 42, 131, 230, 231 40, 46, 49, 102, 103, 113, 114, 115, 116, 121, 176, 181, 182, 183, 184, 203, 205, 228, 229, 230, 231, 240, 241, 246, 255, 271, 305, 314 52, 102, 113, 114, 116, 182, 184, 203, 205, 240, 306 INVERTEBRATES_DISTRIBUTION 181, 205, 228, 229 INVERTEBRATES_POPULATIONS 40, 43, 116, 131, 203, 205, 228, 229, 230, 231, 246, 305 103, 121, 154, 183, 184, 191, 314 67, 68, 80, 119, 129, 157, 243, 244, 245, 281, 325, 326, Ref . no, : INVERTEBRATES_TOXICS 49, 102, 181, 182, 211, 256, IRON 176, 257 IRRADIANCE (SA: light; SA: sunlight) .. 41, 120, 328, 331 LAKE LEVELS 55, 66, 82, 109, 217, 242, 275, 280, 327, 329 LAKE STAGES, HISTORICAL 63, 67, 109, 119, 129, 281 LAKE TROUT (SA: trout) 30, 35, 48, 56, 90, 95, 124, 133, 141, 142, 148, 149, 167, 168, 208, 212, 237, 238, 260, 261, 310, 320, LAKE TROUT REHABILITATION 35, 36, 97, 133, 199, 261, LAMPREY (S: sea lamprey) LAND USE 193, 222, 283 LARVAL FISH (S: fish_larval) LEAD 61, 159, LEAD-210 (SA: dating) 15, 61, LIFE HISTORY 31, 90, 296, 297 LIGHT (SA: irradiance) 106, 107, LIPIDS 64, 102, 220, 249 LITHIUM 257 LITHOMAGNETIC 160 LITTORAL DRIFT 69, 326, 327 LOADING 19, 26, 154, 177, 209, 227, 313, 329, 36, 38, 47, 60, 70, 77, 97, 103, 122, 134, 135, 140, 143, 146, 147, 150, 155, 165, 174, 199, 201, 213, 223, 235, 239, 247, 248, 264, 286, 290, 321, 322 47, 48, 70, 147, 148, 150, 321 234, 257, 258 94, 100, 138 149, 158, 204, 120, 251 113, 114, 116, 64, 82, 83, 185, 186, 208, 250, 289, 304, Ref . no. : LOSS RATES 267, 268 MACROBENTHOS (S : invertebrates_benthic) MACROPHYTES (SA: vegetation) 55, 131, 163, 164, 262 MAGNESIUM 234 MAGNETIC DATA 126 MANAGEMENT_BIOLOCY 35, 47, 48, 54, 75, 98, 99, 124, 133, 134, 135, 146, 151, 154, 167, 171, 172, 223, 224, 284, 286, 290, 297, 310, 315, 316, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322 MANAGEMENT_DATABASE 145, 146, 222 MANAGEMENT_ECONOMICS 1, 35, 36, 59, 108, 156, 157, 172, 210, 232, 290, 330 MANACEMENT_FISH 1, 35, 36, 47, 48, 54, 75, 98, 99, 124, 133, 134, 135, 146, 154, 167, 171, 172, 223, 237, 284, 286, 290, 297, 310, 315, 316, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 330 MANAGEMENT_GEOLOGY 222 MANAGEMENTJNSTITUTIONS 59, 224 MANAGEMENT_LAKE_LEVELS 82, 243 MANAGEMENT_RECREATION 1, 124, 232, 237, 322 MANAGEMENT_WATER_QUALITY 26, 82, 108, 154, 156, 177, 192, 284, 286 MANAGEMENT_WATER_SUPPLY 243 MANAGEMENT_WATER_USE 50, 82, 156, 157, 243 MANGANESE 176, 257 MAPPING 46, 66, 68, 70, 97, 126, 127, 151, 192, 193, 222, 280, 283, 295 MARINAS 96, 139 MARKETING 139, 206 MARSHES (S: wetlands) MASS BALANCE 27, 302 MAYFLY 191 MERCURY 234, METALS (SA: cycling metals) 14, METEOROLOGY Ref. no. : 234, 257, 258, 311 14, 15, 67, 94, 95, 154, 176, 234, 252, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 262, 282, 286, 298, 299, 301, 302, 311 17, 50, 78, 80, 81, 187, 215, 217, 227, 299 MICROBIOLOGY (SA: bacteria) 42, 291 MINERALIZATION 115 MIREX (SA: organochlorine pesticides) .. 64, 100, 311 MIXING 15, MODEL 15, 94, 176, 215, 233, 254, 255, 258, 272, 301, 314 9, 10, 11, 16, 17, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 35, 45, 49, 50, 56, 61, 64, 66, 71, 72, 74, 76, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 86, 89, 96, 103, 108, 123, 128, 135, 138, 156, 157, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 178, 181, 183, 198, 203, 206, 212, 215, 216, 217, 222, 225, 233, 234, 242, 243, 244, 245, 252, 253, 254, 255, 266, 270, 271, 276, 277, 278, 282, 284, 287, 288, 293, 295, 296, 297, 298, 301, 302, 304, 309, 325, 326, 327, 330 MODELING (S: model) MOLYBDENUM 257 MONITORING MORTALITY (SA: f ish_mortality) 34, 90, 199, 319 MUSKELLUNGE 319 9, 22, 53, 90, 93, 141, 142, 143, 154, 161, 192, 194, 199, 200, 207, 214, 223, 224, 227, 247, 260, 261, 279, 286, 289, 310, 311 34, 51, 74, 75, 76, 90, 122, 133, 141, 144, 199, 201, 223, 260, 310, Re f . no . ; MYSIS A3, 52, 102, 103, 183, 184, 203, 205 NAPHTHALENE (SA: PAHs) 235 NAVIGATION 244 NEMATODES 256 NEPHELOID LAYER 23, 190, 220, 234 (SA: benthic boundary layer) NEUSTON 34 NICKEL 257 NITROGEN 55, 58, 112, 115, 132, 176, 251 NONPOINT SOURCE 26, 79, 154, 283, 330 NORTHERN PIKE 259, 319 NUTRIENTS (SA: specific nutrients) 14, 15, 19, 23, 26, (SA: cycling_nutrients) 44, 53, 55, 58, 71, (SA: eutrophication) 72, 73, 93, 104, 105, (SA: uptake_nutrients) 106, 108, 111, 112, 114, 115, 132, 173, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 185, 186, 190, 207, 209, 227, 231, 234, 240, 241, 251, 255, 262, 267, 270, 271, 272, 273, 282, 291, 292, 293, 294, 306 NUTRITION 2, 6, 116, 235 OCTANOL-WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENTS (S: partition coefficients) OIL SPILL 278 OLIGOCHAETES 46, 121, 314 ORGANIC CARBON 15, 23, 88, 104, 132, 176, 241, 268, 282, 309 ORGANIC MATTER (SA: organic carbon) .... 220, 309 ORGANICS (SA: specific compounds) 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, (SA: cycling_organics) 13, 22, 23, 24, 26, (SA: uptake_organics) 27, 49, 51, 61, 64, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 100, 101, 102, 103, 120, 121, 122, 123, 130, 143, 144, 152, 153, 154, 159, 179, 181, 182, 183, 184, 191, 200, 201, 202, 211, 212, 216, 220, 227, 235, 236, 248, 249, 253, 254, 256, 259, 284, 285, 298, 304, 308, 312, 314, 323, 330, 331 22, 27, 64, 103, 143, 159, 211, 212, 216, 286, 311, 328 Ref . no. : ORGANICS (continued) 286, 289, 309, 311, 324, 328, ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES 11, 12, (SA: specific compounds) 100, 102, (SA: pesticides) 183, 200, 249, 259, OSTRACODS 119 OTOLITHS 34, 118, 158 OXYGEN 18, 46, 115, 161, 176, 228, 234, 241, 258 PAHS (polyaromatic hydrocarbons) 11, 23, 86, 89, 92, (SA: specific compounds) 102, 120, 181, 184, 216, 298, 309, 331 PALEOLIMNOLOGY 57, 119, 160, 173, 174, 273, 281 PARASITES 60 PARTICLE SIZE 15, 136, 203, 220, 240, 241 PARTICULATES 13, 14, 87, 88, 138, 164, 253, 255, 300, 301 PARTITION COEFFICIENTS 9, 10, 88, 216, 298 PATHWAYS (SA: transport) 104, 123 PATTERN RECOGNITION 92, 122, 286 (SA: analytical methods) PBBS 10, 153 PCBS 8, 10, 22, 23, 89, 92, 130, 143, 201, 202, 256, 259, 308, 311, PCDD (SA: dioxins) 122, 130, PCDF (SA: furans) 122, 130, PEAT 66 PENTACHLOROPHENOL (S: chlorophenols) PERCH (SA: yellow perch) 3, 35, 124, 125, 168, 169, 213, 214, 15, 23, 24, 104, 132, 136, 220, 249, 252, 266, 267, 298, 11, 12, 13, 27, 49, 61, 94, 100, 102, 152, 153, 159, 216, 235, 249, 286, 289, 298, 324 236, 248 236, 248 47, 54, 75, 141, 158, 165, 171, 172, 205, 223, 236, 263, Re f . no . : PERCH (continued) 264, 286, 310, 319 PESTICIDES (SA: specific compounds) .... 11, 12, 22, 27, 64, (SA: organochlorine pesticides) 100, 102, 103, 143, 159, 183, 200, 211, 212, 216, 249, 259, 286, 311, 314, 328, 330 PH 209, 234 PHENOL (SA: chlorophenols) 183 PHOSPHORUS (SA: nutrients) 15, 19, 23, 26, 44, 53, 55, 58, 71, 93, 105, 108, 111, 132, 173, 176, 178, 179, 180, 186, 190, 207, 209, 231, 251, 267, 272, 273, 291, 292, 293, 294 PHOTOCHEMISTRY 328, 331 PHOTOGRAPHY 46, 55, 68, 97, 151, 326, 327, 329 PHOTOSYNTHESIS 107, 270, 294 PHTHALATES 249 PHYSIOLOGY 4, 22, 28, 29, 30, 33, 38, 64, 114, 121, 130, 159, 181, 183, 184, 236, 293, 306, 312 PHYTOPLANKTON 14, 15, 40, 53, 57, 58, 71, 73, 85, 93, 95, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 116, 120, 132, 164, 173, 179, 180, 186, 207, 209, 226, 251, 256, 267, 270, 271, 272, 273, 291, 292, 293, 294, 305, 306, 307, 309 PIGMENTS 57 PINK SALMON (SA: salmonid) 167, 174, 296 PLANTS (SA: macrophytes; SA: vegetation) 221 POINT SOURCE 26, POLICY 59, POLLEN 67, POLLUTANTS (general) (SA: specific compounds) POLLUTION (general) 26, 27, 154 59, 99, 172, 210 67, 281 9, 12, 13, 21, 61, 123, 154, 185, 250, 277, 323, 330 1, 20, 26, 79, 83, 92, 108, 202, 279, 282, 283, 286, 304, 324 113, 114, 116, 183, 184, 205, 54, 60, 74, 84, 85, 90, 116, 118, 119, 133, 134, 135, 169, 170, 171, 196, 197, 200, 205, 214, 223, 230, 231, 238, 294, 296, 297, 319 Ref . no. : POLONIUM 138 POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (S: PAHs) POLYCHLORINATED BI PHENYLS (S: PCBs) POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXINS (S : PCDD) POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS (S: PCDF) PONTOPOREIA (SA: Amphipoda) 49, 103, 181, 182, 240 POPULATIONS (SA: fish_populations) 40, 43, (SA: invertebrate_ populations) 76, 77, 98, 99, 125, 131, 165, 168, 194, 195, 203, 204, 228, 229, 246, 247, 305, 310, POREWATER 72, 100, 176, 234, 252 PORTS 274 POTASSIUM 234 POWER PLANTS 221 PRECIPITATION (SA: rain; SA: snow) 11, 78, 209, 242, PREDATION (SA: f ish_predation) 32, 34, (SA: feeding) 118, 135, (SA: zooplankton grazing) 167, 168, 173, 174, 230, 251, PREY (SA: predation) 32, 43, 168, 169, 263, 264 PRIMARY PRODUCTION 53, 105, 207, 226, PRODUCTIVITY (SA: f ish_productivity) ... 99, 170, 197, 203, PROTEIN 2, 6 PROTOZOAN 256 RADIOISOTOPES (S: radionuclides) RADIONUCLIDES 23, 61, 88, 100, 138, 252, 253, 254, 255, 298, 302 80, 82, 101, 325 43, 51, 60, 155, 165, 166, 169, 170, 171, 180, 204, 205, 263, 264 52, 155, 167, 170, 174, 205, 107, 132, 173, 251 186, 195, 196, 262 RAIN (SA: precipitation) 78, RAINBOW SMELT (SA: smelt) 47, RAINBOW TROUT (SA: trout) RECREATION Ref . no. : 78, 80, 209, 328 47, 118, 165, 205, 263, 264 2, 6, 47, 49, 122, 124, 141, 165, 167, 212, 236, 263, 264, 279, 315, 322 1. 37, 110, 124, 139, 162, 206, 219, 232, 237, 288, 322 REDOX 46 REEDS (SA: macrophytes) 163, 164 REEFS 47, 48, 70, 95, 97, 133, 142, 147, 148, 149, 150, 208, 221, 261, 321 REGENERATION 15, 44, 71, 176, 179, 231, 240, 241 REGULATION 242, 243, 319 REHABILITATION (S: lake trout rehabilitation) REMOTE SENSING 41, 50, 187, 192, 193, 329 REPRODUCTION (SA: fish_reproduction) ... 28, 30, 97, 121, 122, (SA: spawning) 130, 133, 142, 144, 148, 149, 150, 191, 195, 200, 201, 235, 261, 308, 310 RESEARCH NEEDS 89, 145, 216, 224 RESPIRATION 29, 228 RESUSPENSION 23, 24, 27, 91, 188, 190, 220, 249, 266, 298, 301 REVIEW 12, 59, 98, 145, 146, 156, 210, 250, 283 RISK ASSESSMENT 159, 256, 284, 304 RIVER (SA: tributaries) 20, 21, 50, 55, 83, 163, 164, 185, 194, 195, 196, 197, 242, 244, 259, 286, 289, 304, 317, 329, 330 ROCK BASS 259 ROTIFERA (SA: zooplankton) 44 RUNOFF 78, 80, 82, 209, 245, 250, 325, 330 Ref. no. SALMON (SA: specific salmon) (SA: salraonid) SALMONID SAMPLING SAND DUNES SATELLITE (SA: remote sensing) SAUGER , SCULPIN SEA LAMPREY SECONDARY PRODUCTION SEDIMENT CORES SEDIMENT OXYGEN DEMAND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT (SA: littoral drift) (SA: sedimentation) (SA: transport) SEDIMENT TRAPS SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE SEDIMENTATION SEDIMENTOLOGY SEDIMENTS 6, 28, 33, 60, 117, 122, 124, 135, 155, 165, 167, 168, 174, 212, 213, 263, 264, 296, 317, 318, 322, 330 33, 36, 49, 56, 60, 90, 97, 117, 122, 124, 133, 134, 135, 140, 141 , 155, 162, 165, 167, 168, 174, 212, 213, 237, 263, 264, 310, 318, 322 11 , 101, 137, 147, 250, 299, 300 65, 66, 67, 109, 282, 326, 327 50, 126, 187, 192, 193, 198, 3 34, 218, 278, 329 102, 103, 135, 168, 310 47, 48, 167, 194, 223, 310 230 20, 46, 57, 61, 63, 66, 67, 71, 72, 92, 94, 100, 119, 160, 173, 231, 252, 254, 258, 281, 282 228 13, 14, 15, 23, 69, 92, 94, 100, 103, 176, 193, 220, 233, 253, 254, 266, 277, 326, 327, 329 13, 14, 15, 23, 103, 154, 176, 220, 249, 253 46, 51, 176, 220, 234, 249, 298, 300 14, 15, 23, 24, 73, 94, 100, 160, 208, 220, 254, 255, 258 63, 66, 109, 281 7, 13, 18, 19, 20, 22, 27, 46, 58, 61, 63, 65, 66, 67, 69, Re f . no . : SEDIMENTS (continued) 71, 72, 73, 79, 88, 91, 92, 94, 100, 104, 109, 111, 115, 116, 119, 137, 138, 154, 160, 161, 173, 174, 176, 181, 182, 188, 189, 190, 191, 202, 220, 228, 229, 231, 233, 234, 240, 241, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 258, 266, 273, 281, 289, 295, 298, 302, 304, 308, 314, 324, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331 SEICHE 132, 164, 225 SEISMIC SURVEYS 7, 127, 295 SELENIUM 257 SHIPPING 274 SHORELINE EROSION (S: erosion) SILICA (SA: nutrients) 15, 23, 58, 71, 72, 73, 93, 104, 176, 190, 207, 234, 251, 273, 292, 294 SINKING RATES 267, 270, 294 SMALLMOUTH BASS 259, 319 SMELT (SA: rainbow smelt) 47, 60, 118, 135, 165, 168, 205, 213, 263, 264, 310 SNOW (SA: precipitation) 41, 78, 187 SOCIOLOGY 1, 110, 139, 219, 232, 237 SODIUM 234 SOLUBILITY 9, 10 SORPTION (SA: desorption) 87, 298 SPAWNING (S: fish_s pawning) (S: fish__reproduction) SPLAKE 320 SPORT FISHING 1, 35, 36, 124, 141, 162, 172, 199, 206, 223, 237, 238, 247, 260, 315, 316, 318, 319, 320, 322 STEELHEAD (SA: trout) 122 STERILIZATION 28, 33, 117 Ref . no. : STEROLS 220 STOCKING (S: f ish_stocking) STRATIFICATION 15, 23, 24, 173, 301 STRATIGRAPHY 63, 66, 67, 119, 160, 275 STREAM (S: tributaries) STRESS, INVERTEBRATE 121 STRONTIUM 252, 257 STURGEON 31 SUBSTRATE 70, 97, 147 SUCCESSION 67, 293, 294 SULFATE 234 SULFUR 234 SUNLIGHT (SA: light) 328, 331 SURVEY 1, 139, 145, 146, 151, 162, 206, 210, 232, 237 SUSPENDED SEDIMENT 136, 185, 249, 250, 277 SYNERGISM 120, 235, 331 TCDD (SA: dioxins) 122, 130, 235, 236 TCDF (SA: furans) 122 TEMPERATURE 16, 17, 24, 31, 39, 40, 44, 80, 81, 133, 161, 181, 192, 198, 205, 215, 217, 251, 272, 279, 297, 305, 307 TERNS (SA: birds; SA: common terns) .... 130, 200 THERMAL POLLUTION 279 THERMOCLINE 15, 215, 216 TIN 257 TOP-DOWN CONTROL OF ECOSYSTEM 173, 180, 251 TOURISM 37, 110, 219, 232, 288 TOXAPHENE 11, 12, 22, 103, 143, (SA: organochlorine pesticides) 211, 212, 286, 328 TOXICITY (S: bioassay; S: toxics) TOXICS BIRDS 64, 130, 200, 311, 312 -405- TOXICS FISH Re f . no . ; 22 103 153 201 236 289 TOXICS_HUMAN HEALTH 12 TOXICS_INVERTEBRATES 49 181 211 TOXICS_PHYTOPLANKTON 14 256 TOXICS_SEDIMENTS 13 92 182 256 324 TOXICS WATER QUALITY TOXICS ZOOPLANKTON TOXICSJTRANSPORT 8 22 94 253 8 14 26 94 123 211 254 309 14 191 14 252 282 23 253 8 21 82 100 138 193 253 298 TRANSPORTATION 274 TRACE METALS (SA: cycling_trace metals) (SA: metals) TRACER (SA: radionuclides) TRANSPORT (SA: pathways) 49, 51, , 122, 143, , 154, 159, , 202, 211, , 248, 259, , 303, 330, , 152, 153, , 102, 103, , 182, 183, , 256, 314 95, 102, , 309 22, 27, 94, 100, , 191, 202, , 289, 298, , 328, 330, , 11, 13, 23, 87, , 100, 103, , 254, 298, , 9, 10, , 21, 22, , 51, 86, , 95, 100, , 143, 144, , 216, 227, , 284, 285, , 314, 323, 95, 102, , 331 15, 94, , 254, 257, , 298, 299, , 61, 88, , 302 , 11, 13, 22, 23, , 87, 89, , 103, 104, , 176, 188, , 216, 220, , 254, 255, , 299, 301, 95, 102, 144, 152, 162, 191, 212, 235, 284, 286, 331 159, 284 121, 154, 184, 191, 103, 120, 88, 91, 154, 181, 253, 254, 308, 314, 331 14, 21, 89, 92, 216, 227, 313 12, 13, 23, 24, 88, 89, 103, 120, 154, 191, 249, 253, 286, 289, 324, 328 103, 120, 176, 258, 301, 234, 262, 302 176, 252, 14, 15, 69, 79, 92, 94, 128, 132, 189, 190, 227, 233, 266, 277, 302, 313 -no6- _____ 21, 22, 26, 80, 111, 152, 177, 185, 194, 250, 259, 296, 325, 330 6, 30, 35, 47, 48, 49, 70, 77, 90, 103, 122, 124, 135, 140, 141, 146, 147, 148, 155, 165, 167, 199, 201, 208, 223, 235, 236, 239, 247, 248, 263, 264, 279, 310, 315, 316, 322 Re f . no . ; TRIBUTARIES (SA: river) 19, 20, 66, 78, 154, 158, 197, 209, 315, 323, TRITIUM (SA: radionuclides) 252 TROUT (SA: lake trout) 2, 5, (SA: rainbow trout) 36, 38, 56, 60, 95, 97, 133, 134, 142, 143, 149, 150, 168, 174, 212, 213, 237, 238, 260, 261, 286, 290, 320, 321, TUMORS 22, 212 TURBIDITY 188, 192 UPTAKE_NUTRIENTS 179, 262, 293 UPTAKE_ORGANICS 49, 179, 181, 184, 212, 309 UV IRRADIANCE (SA: irradiance) 120 VALUE 35, 36, 37, 157, 206, 237 VANADIUM 257 VAPOR PRESSURE 9, 10, 11 VEGETATION (SA: macrophytes) 55, 67, 131, 154, 262, 308, 326 VERTICAL MIGRATION 43 VOLATILIZATION 27, 92, 216, 298 WALLEYE 3, 22, 56, 77, 144, 171, WASTE DISPOSAL 154, 221, 304 WASTEWATER 83 WATER BUDGET 7, 25, 55, 81, 156, 295, 325 WATER CURRENTS (S: currents) WATER DEPTH 163 WATER LEVELS (S: lake levels) 35, 51, 54, 95, 140, 143, 97, 286, 319 WATER QUALITY Ref . no. : 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 51, 53, 55, 61, 65, 66, 78, 79, 82, 83, 86, 88, 89, 93, 94, 95, 100, 103, 104, 108, HI, 120, 123, 136, 137, 138, 143, 144, 150, 154, 156, 161, 173, 176, 177, 180, 185, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 207, 208, 209, 211, 215, 216, 226, 227, 233, 242, 249, 250, 252, 253, 254, 255, 257, 258, 266, 270, 272, 277, 278, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 289, 296, 300, 301, 302, 304, 309, 314, 323, 324, 328 WATER QUANTITY 82, 242, 245 WATER SUPPLY 80, 243, 325 WATER TABLE 66 WATER TEMPERATURE (S: temperature) WATER USE 50, 82, 156, 157, 193, 243, 283 WATERSHED 78, 79, 80, 82, 177, 245, 250 WAVES 96, 198, 218, 225, 265, 276, 326, 327 WEATHER (S: meteorology) WETLANDS 26, 55, 65, 66, 67, 92, 131, 132, 151, 158, 163, 164, 195, 196, 262, 282, 323, 329 WHITEFISH 54, 74, 76, 134, 223, 297, 310, 319 WIND 198, 218, 225, 265, 276 WINTER 17, 39, 40, 41, 50, 84, 244, 305 XENOBIOTICS (SA: specific compounds) (SA: toxics) YEAR-CLASS STRENGTH (S: f ishjrecruitment) (S: fish_year-class strength) 181, 182, 183, 191, 285 Ref. no.: YELLOW PERCH (SA: perch) 3, 35, 47, 54, 75, 124, 125, 141, 158, 165, 169, 171, 172, 205, 223, 236, 263, 264, 310, 319 ZINC 15, 61, 257, 301 ZOOPLANKTON 14, 15, 32, 40, 42, 43, 44, 52, 85, 95, 102, 103, 104, 105, 120, 132, 164, 166, 173, 174, 180, 186, 191, 204, 205, 207, 226, 251, 267, 268, 270, 271, 272, 294, 297, 305, 306, 307, 331 ZOOPLANKTON GRAZING 42, 44, 85, 105, 132, 173, 180, 226, 251, 267, 268, 270, 294, 307 AREA INDEX FOR LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS Re f . no . ANCHOR BAY, L. ST. CLAIR 16 BAYFIELD COUNTY, WIS 139 BEAVER ISLAND, L. MICH 97, 261 BLACK CAN REEF, L. MICH 149, 321 BURNS DITCH, IND 279 BURNS HARBOR, IND 279 CALUMET HARBOR, IL 20, 21, 154, 279, 304 CANADIAN LAKES, (general) 140, 146 CLAY BANKS, L. MICH 149 CONNECTING CHANNELS 84, 329 COWLES BOG, IND 65, 67 DETROIT RIVER, MICH 242, 329 DOOR COUNTY, WIS 139, 262, 295, 312 DULUTH HARBOR, MINN 16 EASTERN LAKE MICHIGAN 55, 118, 165, 195, 196 ESCANABA HARBOR, MICH 16 FORT SHERIDAN, IL 63 FOX RIVER, WIS 9, 19, 144, 161, GOOD HARBOR BAY, L. MICH 260 GRAND CALUMET RIVER, IND 20, 21, GRAND HAVEN, MICH 102, 116, GRAND RIVER, MICH 20, 21, 304 GRAND TRAVERSE BAY, L. MICH 223, 260, 297 CREAT LAKES, (general) 11, 12, 27, 40, 59, 62, 81, 82, 91, 96, 106, 108, 121, 123, 138, 146, 174, 181, 198, 206, 216, 218, 230, 249, 254, 255, 274, 276, 285, 287, 306, 312, 50, 51, 83, 177, 191, 289 154, 304 118, 205 154, 158, 250, 17, 22, 24, 41, 45, 49, 78, 79, 80, 86, 87, 89, 100, 101, 105, 110, 113, 117, 128, 136, 137, 152, 157, 166, 184, 187, 189, 210, 211, 212, 222, 224, 227, 250, 252, 253, 266, 269, 271, 277, 283, 284, 298, 300, 305, 325, 328 GREAT LAKES BASIN 12, 82 GREAT MARSH WETLANDS, IND 66 CREEN BAY, L. MICH Ref. no. ; 12, 45, 78, 79, 80, 82, 250, 283 66 7, 9, 18, 19, 22, 35, 50, 51, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 83, 92, 94, 99, 119, 130, 131, 132, 139, 144, 159, 160, 161, 170, 171, 172, 176, 191, 192, 193, 200, 202, 203, 251, 257, 289, 295, 303, 311, 312, 319, 320, 323 GULL ISLAND SHOAL, L. SUPR 149 HARBORS (general) 22 ILLINOIS ILLINOIS BEACH STATE PARK, IL 37 ILLINOIS WATERS OF L. MICH 70, INDIANA 1, 37, 63, 68, 69, 70, 124, 125, 141, 142, 147, 151, 155, 238, 239, 246, 256, 264, 280, 281 37 70, 124, 125, 141, 142, 147, 155, 239, 246, 256, 264, 280, 281 1, 20, 21, 47, 48, 65, 66, 67, 109, 154, 213, 214, 232, 279, 282, 304, 326, 327 INDIANA DUNES NATIONAL LAKESHORE 65, 66, 109, 282, 326 INDIANA DUNES STATE PARK 67 INDIANA HARBOR CANAL 20, 21, 154, 304 INDIANA WATERS OF L. MICH 47, 48, 213, 214, 279 JAKE WOLFE HATCHERY, IL 238 JULIAN'S REEF, L. MICH 70, 142, 147, 239 KEWAUNEE, WIS 175 KINTZELE (BLACK) DITCH, IND 48 LABORATORY STUDIES 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 44, 52, 95, HI, 114, 116, 117, 121, 122, 140, 153, 163, 169, 181, 182, 183, 184, 201, 202, 209, 235, 236, 300, 307, 308, 309 LAKE ERIE LAKE HURON Re f . no . : 17, 25, 38, 39, 54, 56, 64, 78, 80, 84, 97, 98, 99, 126, 128, 143, 156, 185, 207, 215, 217, 219, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248, 250, 257, 283, 286, 288, 290, 296, 311, 329 11, 16, 23, 38, 39, 54, 56, 64, 78, 80, 84, 97, 98, 99, 112, 122, 126, 127, 134, 135, 140, 143, 156, 185, 199, 200, 207, 208, 215, 217, 219, 234, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 250, 283, 286, 288, 290, 296, 311 LAKE MICHIGAN ( includes all entries except ones which are on Great Lakes in general or laboratory studies ) LAKE POYGAN, WIS. LAKE ONTARIO .... 130 LAKE ST. CLAIR LAKE SUPERIOR 38, 39, 56, 64, 78, 80, 97, 98, 126, 135, 140, 143, 156, 185, 215, 217, 225, 242, 243, 245, 248, 250, 283, 286, 290, 311 16, 113, 242, 244, 248, 329 11, 16, 17, 23, 38, 39, 56, 60, 64, 78, 80, 84, 97, 98, 122, 126, 127, 134, 139, 140, 143, 149, 156, 185, 199, 200, 215, 217, 219, 234, 242, 243, 245, 247, 248, 250, 283, 286, 288, 290, 296, 311 LAKE WASHINGTON, WASH 186 LITTLE CALUMET RIVER, IND 279 LITTLE TRAVERSE BAY, L. MICH 58, 260 MARINETTE, WIS 320 MICHIGAN 90, 102, 110, 118, 206, 222 MICHIGAN LAKES, INLAND 57 Re f . no . : MICHIGAN WATERS OF THE GREAT LAKES 90, 102, 110, 118, 206 MILWAUKEE, WIS 22, 26, 46, 323 MILWAUKEE HARBOR, WIS. MICH 22, 46, 323 MILWAUKEE RIVER, WIS 26, 323 MINK RIVER ESTUARY, WIS 163, 164 MOONLIGHT BAY, L. MICH 262 MUSKEGON LAKE, MICH 197 NETHERLANDS 248 NIAGARA RIVER, N.Y 242 NORTH BAY, L. MICH 262 NORTHEAST REEF, L. MICH 321 NORTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN 74, 133, 163, 164, 200, 223, 297, 321 OCONTO RIVER, WIS 315 PARTRIDGE ISLAND REEF, L. SUPR 97 PENTWATER MARSH, L. MICH 55, 195, 196 PICEON LAKE, MICH 158 PORT AUSTIN REEF, L. HURON 97 RICHARD'S REEF, L. MICH 97 ROWLEY BAY, L. MICH 164, 262 SAGINAW BAY, L. HURON 16, 99 SALT CREEK, IND 279 SHEBOYGAN HARBOR, WIS 323, 324 SHEBOYGAN REEF, L. MICH 321 SHEBOYGAN RIVER, WIS 317, 323 SOUTHEASTERN LAKE MICHIGAN 104, 180 SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN 1, 13, 14, 15, 26, 37, 63, 65, 66, 67, 113, 121, 141, 142, 154, 155, 188, 190, 205, 213, 214, 232, 241, 246, 258, 265, 280, 281, 282, 293, 294, 299, 301, 302, 304, 314, 326, 327, 331 ST. CLAIR RIVER 242, 244 ST. JOSEPH RIVER, MICH 194, 330 ST. MARY'S RIVER 329 STRAITS OF MACKINAC 329 Ref . no. : STURGEON BAY, L. MICH 144 TRIBUTARIES (general) 19, 22, 111, 152, 177, 185, 250, 279, 283, 296 U.S. LAKES (general) 140, 146 U.S. RIVERS (general) 286 WAUKEGAN, IL 142, 256, 308 WAUKEGAN HARBOR, IL 256, 308 WESTERN LAKE MICHIGAN 7, 77, 99, 295 WILMETTE REEF, L. MICH 70, 97 WIND POINT SHOAL, L. MICH 321 WISCONSIN 7, 76, 139, 148, 163, 164, 175, 177, 192, 193, 262, 275, 289, 295, 303, 317 WISCONSIN FISH HATCHERIES 148 WISCONSIN WATERS OF L. MICH. OR L. SUPR. .. 7, 76, 139, 163, 164, 175, 192, 193, 262, 295, 303 INDEX OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS FOR LAKE MICHIGAN PROJECTS Ref. no,: ABSHER, J 1 AMUNDSON, C 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ANDERSON, H 159 ANDERSON, L 191 ANDERSON, M 7, 295 ANDREN, A 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 92 ARMSTRONG, D 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 ASSEL, R.A 16, 17 AUBERT, E.J 243 AUER, M 18, 19 BADER, R 281 BALCER, M.D 51 BANASZAK, K.J 20, 21 BAUMANN, P.C 22 BEHRENDT, J 127 BELL, G.L 23, 138 BENNETT, J.R 24, 25, 128, 287 BENNWITZ, T 26 BIDER, J 84 BIERMAN, V.J., JR 27 BIESINGER, K 191 BILLINGTON, N 140 BINKOWSKI, F.P 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 95, 169 BISHOP, R 35, 36, 37 BLACK, J 38 BOLSENGA, S.J 39, 40, 41, 305 BORAAS, M.E 42, 93 BOWERS, J 43, 44, 85 BOWLBY, J.R 45 BOYER, L.F 46, 176 BRAZO, D.C 47, 48, 195 Re f . no . : BRADEN, J 330 BRECK, J.E 49 BRIGHAM, L.W 50 BROOKE, L.T 51 BROOKS, A 52, 53, 93, 164 BROWN, C 97 BROWN, E 54, 134, 135 BULKLEY, J 210 BURKE, CD 119, 160 BURTON, T 55 BUSCH, W.D.N 56 CAMPBELL, CD 73 CAMPBELL, J.E 128, 217, 218, 278 CARPENTER, S 57 CARRICK, H., JR 58, 105 CHANDLER, J.F 112 CHEN, K 59 CHERKAUER, D 7, 295 CHRISTENSEN, B 60 CHRISTENSEN, E 61, 94 CHUBB, S 196 CICHOCKI, E.A 113 CLARK, J. A 62 CLARK, P 63 CLARK, T 64 CLAY, CS 203 CLITES, A.H 24, 128, 218, 278 COBB, M 219 COBLE, D 74, 75, 76, 77 COHEN, D.A 65, 66 COLE, K 67 COLLINS, J 1 COLLINSON, C 68, CONLEY, D.J 71, COPES, F 74, 75, 76, 77 69, 70 72, 73 75, 76, Re f . no . '• , 79, 80, 81, , 34, 204, 205 CROLEY, T.E 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 243 CROWDER, L 32, DAVENPORT, R 331 DAVID, M 157 DAVIS, S 326, 327 DAY, H.J 83 DEMPSEY, B.G 73 DERECKI, J 244 DITORO, D 298 DOBOS, R 84 DONAHUE, M 59 DORAZIO, R.M 85 DUBE, D.J 285 EADIE, B.J 23, 137, ECK, G 90, EDGINGTON, D 53, 95, EDIL, T 96 EDSALL, C.C 202 EDSALL, T 97 EGERTON, F 98, 99 EISENREICH, S 100, 101 ELLIOTT, R 165 EVANS, M.S 102, 103, 104 FABACHER, D.L 22 FAHNENSTIEL, G.L 40, 105, 106, 107, 1/9, 209, 267, 270, 305, 306 FENELON, J.M 21 FONTAINE, T.D 82, 108, 183, 271 FRASER, G 109 FREZ, W.A 113, 184 FRIDGEN, J 110 FUIMAN, L 158 86, 87, 88, 89, 138, 185, 220, 254 135 91, 92, 93, 94, 175, 176 Re f . no . ; GARDNER, W.S Ill, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 179, 209, 231, 272, 305, 306 GARLING, D 117 GAUVIN, J.M 114 CEFFEN, A 118 GERNANT, R.E 119 GETZ, R 33 GIBBONS, M 191 GIESY, J 120, 121, 122 GLASS, G 123 GORDEN, R 124, 125, 147 GRANT-NORPAC, INC 126 GREEN, A 127 GREEN, T 11, 96 GREENE, G.M 128 HANSEL, A 129 HARKIN, D 156 HARRIS, H.J 130, 131, 132 HARTMAN, W 133 HARTMANN, H.C 82 HATCH, R.W 54, 134, 135 HAWLEY, N 136, 137, 138 HEBERLEIN, T.A 139 HEBERT, P.D.N 140 HEILMANN, R 274 HENEBRY, M 256 HERCHE, L 293 HERDENDORF, C.E 41 HERRICKS, E 330 HESS, R 141, 142 HESSELBERG, R 143, 202 HEWETT, S.W 169, 170, 171 HICKEY, J 143 HOKANSON, K 144 HOLM, N.P 70, 145, 146 Re f « no . : HORNS, W 124, 125, 147 HORRALL, R 148, 149, 150 HUBBLE, M 151 HUDDLESTON, J 156 HUMPHREY, H 152, 153 INDIANA DEPT. OF ENVIRON. MGMT 154 JACOBSEN, J 153 JANSSEN, J 155, 263, 264 JOERES, E 156, 157 JOHNSON, B 172 JUDE, D.J 158, 259 KANAREK, M 159 KASTER, J.L 95 KAYES, T 2, 3, 6 KEAN, W.F 160 KEILLOR, P 150 KELLER, M 199 KELLEY, R.N 245 KELLY, T.K 223 KENNEDY, J 161, 162 KEOUGH, J 163, 164 KEVERN, N 165, 197, 297 KIM, K.I 4, 5, 6 KITCHELL, J.F 34, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174 KLUMP, J.V 95, 175, 176 KONRAD, J 177 KRAFT, C.E 178 KREZOSKI, J 176 KUBIAK, T.J 130, 312 LAIRD, G.A 112, 179, 180, 268, 269, 270 LANDRUM, P.F 181, 182, 183, 184 LANG, G.A 173, 185, 270, 271 LARSEN, C 129 LECH, J 236 Ref . no. : LEE, K 83 LEENHEER, M.J 220 LEHMAN, J 85, 186 LEONARD, E 191 LESHKEVICH, G.A 187 LESHT, B.M 108, 188, 189, 190 LIEBIG, J.R 306 LIEN, G.J 144, 191 LIGHTFOOT, E.N 11 LILLESAND, T 192, 193 LISTON, C 194, 195, 196, 197 LIU, P.C 198 LOFTUS, A 199 LONG, D.T 234 LOWE, R 58 LUDWIG, J 200 LYNN, E.W 278 LYON, J 329 MAC, M 201, 202 MAGNUSON, J 203, 204, 205 MAHONEY, E 206 MALCZYK, J.M 272 MANNY, B 208, 209 MARANS, R 210 MATSUMURA, F 211, 212 MAYER, H 274 MCCAULEY, D.J 51 MCCOMISH, T 213, 214 MCCORMICK, M.J 215, 216, 217, 218 MCCORQUODALE , J. A 325 MCDONALD, M 205 MCDONOUGH, M 219 MCLAUGHLIN, D.B 131 MEYERS, P. A 102, 220, 249 MICHAUD, D.T 221 Ref . no. : MICHIGAN DEPT. OF NAT. RESOURCES 222 MICKELSON, D 129 MILLER, G.S 25, 265, 266 MILLIMAN, S 172 MITCHELL, C 223 MOREHEAD, N.R 87, 88 MORGAN, B 146 MORTIMER, C 224, 225 MUNAWAR, M 226 MURPHY, T 227 NALEPA, T.F 113, 114, 115, 116, 228, 229, 230, 231, 241 NASH, R 118 NEALSON, K 42 NEWBERRY, T.L 73 NORBY, R 70 NORSTROM, R.J 64 O'LEARY, J.T 232 OWEN, R.M 233, PETERSON, R 235, PEYTON, R.B 237 PHILIPP, D.P 238, POTTER, K 156, PRANSCHKE, F 281 QUIGLEY, M.A 40, 241 QUINN, F.H 17, QUINN, J. P. 246 RAKOCZY, G 247 RAPPE, C 248 REMSEN, C.C 42 RICE, C.P 103, 249, 259 RICHARDS, R.P 250 RICHMAN, S 132, 251 RISATTI, J 256 234 236 239 157 71, 116, 231, 240, 242, 243, 244, 245 Re f . no . : ROBBINS, J. A 23, 88, 89, 137, 138, 252, 253, 254, 255 ROSS, P 226, 256 ROSSMANN, R 257, 258, 259 RYBICKI, R. W 260, 261 SAGER, P 132, 251 SALAMUN, P.J 262 SANDERSON, M.E 325 SAVITZ, J 155, 263, 264 SAYLOR, J.H 25, 265, 266 SCAVIA, D 106, 107, 173, 179, 180, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272 SCHELSKE, C 71, 72, 73, 104, 273 SCHENKER, E 274 SCHMITT, C.J 22 SCHNEIDER, A 129, 275 SCHWAB, D.J 276, 277, 278 SEALE, D.B 42, 93 SEEGERT, G 279 SHABICA, C 280, 281 SHEDLOCK, R.J 20, 65, 66, 282 SHEN, E.F 46 SHERRILL, M 283 SIMMONS, M.S 102, 259 SLY, P.G 56 SOHNS, L.E 221 SONZOGNI, W.C 156, 284, 285 SORENSON, J 123 SPACIE, A 331 STALLING, D 286 STEARNS, F 164 STEWART, D 174, 178 STOERMER, E.F 273 STRUGER, J.R 311, 312 STUBBLEFIELD, B 287 Re f . no . : STYNES, D.J 206, 288 SULLIVAN, J 289 SUMMERFIELD, M 262 SUTHERLAND, D 60 TALHELM, D.R 290 TANNER, H 117 TARAPCHAK, S.J 291, 292, 293, 294, 307 TAYLOR, R 7, 295 TAYLOR, W 296, 297 THOMANN, R 298 THOMPSON, T 109 TISUE, G.T 299, 300, 301, 302 TRICK, J. A 130 TRUDEAU, T 142 U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS 324 U.S. EPA 302 U.S. EPA - REGION V 154, 304 VANDERPLOEG, H.A 40, 294, 305, 306, 307 VIDAL, P 142 WALKER, S.H 223 WALLACE, S.J 232 WANG, W 308 WATSON, L.R 20, 21 WEBER, W.J., JR 309 WELLS, L 310 WESELOH, D.V 84, 311, 312 WESELY, M 313 WHITE, D.S 255, 314 WHITT, G.S 239 WISCONSIN DEPT. OF NAT. RESOURCES 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324 WONG, L 325 WOOD, W 326, 327 WORTLEY, C.A 96 ZABIK, M.J 122, 328 -423- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Funding for this project was provided by The Joyce Foundation and the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources. I wish to thank Steve Jann, Beth Morgan, Joanne Klitzing and Kathy Cooley for their work on final preparation of this inventory. I also wish to thank Charles Collinson (ISGS), Robert Gorden (INHS), Donald Gatz (ISWS), and Peter Lamb (ISWS) for their input on the initial three-Survey Lake Michigan Scoping Study sponsored by the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources, Board of Natural Resources and Conservation. PHH Wi mm nn mm m WnBHp mNKp JUL HH till lllipff M HI H H H mii8H_ 11 iH 1118 1 II ■■■■ Mm i w HH HP tHItHnlillK