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18 BULLETIN No. 637 [February,
eastern counties, ranging up to 96 percent in Wayne county. These
increases occurred from low bases. For example, corn production in
McLean county increased 2.6 million bushels, but only 17 percent;
whereas in Wayne county, production increased 1.5 million bushels and
96 percent.
The trend to increased corn production in southern Illinois con-
tinued through 1954-1956. In eight counties Effingham, Clay, Ed-
wards, Wayne, Marion, Jefferson, Richland, and Perry average
production in 1954-1956 was about double that of 1939-1943 (Table 31,
page 90). The effects of the 1954 drouth show up in a band of coun-
ties from Moultrie and Shelby west through Morgan, Scott, and Pike.
In 1954-1956, average production was higher than the 1939-1943
average in all counties in the three southern areas, including those
affected by the drouth. (In Areas 5 and 6, the 1954 crop was less than
half as large as the 1955 and 1956 crop.)
Wheat
During 1949-1953, wheat production averaged about 41 million
bushels, an increase of 43 percent over the 1939-1943 average (Table
2). Production fell to a very low level in 1942 and 1943 and has
increased rapidly since. Rising average yields have permitted total
production to expand in spite of acreage restrictions. By 1954-1956,
average production had increased to about 53 million bushels, an in-
crease of 84 percent over the 1939-1943 average.
During 1949-1953, Christian county with an average of 1.7 million
bushels and St. Clair county with only slightly less led the state in
wheat production (Table 32, page 92). Other counties having an
average annual production of over 1.2 million bushels were: Madison,
Sangamon, Washington, Montgomery, Macoupin, and Vermilion. Dur-
ing 1954-1956, the leader was St. Clair with 2.1 million bushels, fol-
lowed by Christian, Madison, Washington, Macoupin, Montgomery,
and Sangamon all producing more than 1.5 million bushels annually.
Production has expanded at less than the state average in Areas 1,
2, 3, and 5; by more than the state average in Areas 4 and 6; and at
about the state average in Area 7 (Table 2). Production increased
more rapidly in the eastern counties of the state, particularly in the
southeastern counties of Area 4 and the northeastern counties of
Area 6, than in the older wheat producing Areas 2 and 5 (Table 32,
page 92).
1959] ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE 19
Soybeans
An average of about 89 million bushels of soybeans was produced
annually in Illinois in the 1949-1953 period (Table 2). This was a
63-percent increase over the 1939-1943 average of about 54 million
bushels. The leading county was Champaign with an average crop of
3.7 million bushels annually (Table 33, page 95). Other counties
in order of rank with averages of more than 2.5 million bushels an-
nually were: Vermilion, Iroquois, Christian, and Sangamon.
Average annual production during 1954-1956 was over 107 million
bushels, a 97-percent increase over the 1939-1943 average. Champaign
was still the leading county with an average of just under 5 million
bushels, followed by Iroquois, Vermilion, Sangamon, Christian, Mc-
Lean, and Livingston all averaging over 3 million bushels.
By areas, soybean production has shown a very marked southward
movement. The four northern areas had less than and the three
southern areas much greater than state-average increases (Table 2).
Area 1 in the north actually averaged 4 percent less annually in 1949-
1953 than in 1939-1943 period, and Area 4 gained only 16 percent. In
contrast, production doubled in Area 5, and expanded to 4 times its
previous level in Area 6 and Area 7. During 1954-1956, production
increased considerably above 1939-1943 levels in all areas; in the three
southern areas, however, production continued to increase relative to
the four northern areas.
Between 1939-1943 and 1949-1953, average annual production in-
creased 34,203,000 bushels. Of this amount, the three southern areas
produced three-fourths or 25,370,000 bushels. These areas increased
their share of total Illinois production from 23.8 percent in 1939-1943
to 43.2 percent in 1949-1953 (Table 3). They accounted for 27.5
million bushels or only 52 percent of the increase between 1939-1943
and 1954-1956. During 1954-1956 their share of total production,
37.7 percent, decreased somewhat (Table 3).
The changes in production by counties between the periods are
shown in Table 33, page 95. Most of the southeastern counties with
very large increases started from very low bases. However, the
number of counties near or above the million bushel annual production
level in the three southern areas increased from 4 during 1939-1943 to
16 during 1949-1953, to 17 in 1954, and to 20 in 1956. This change
indicates the extent of the shift to soybeans as a major crop in
southern Illinois.
20 BULLETIN No. 637 [February,
Oats
During 1949-1953, Illinois produced an average of over 137 million
bushels of oats annually, only 6 percent more than the average of
about 130 million bushels produced annually in the 1939-1943 period
(Table 2). LaSalle county with an average of 6.3 million bushels
annually was the leading county. McLean and Livingston counties
followed with an average annual production of over 5 million bushels.
The average annual production during 1954-1956 of over 152 million
bushels was 17 percent more than the 1939-1943 average. McLean was
the leading county with 7.2 million bushels annually, followed by
LaSalle county with 6.4 million, and Livingston with 5.7 million
bushels.
Oat production in Illinois is moving in the opposite direction to
that of soybeans. Between the 1939-1943 and 1949-1953 periods, pro-
duction in Areas 1, 2, and 3 in the northern and western parts of the
state increased more than the state average; increased only 5 percent
in Area 4; and decreased drastically in Areas 5, 6, and 7. The only
areas having substantial increases were Area 1 with 20 percent and
Area 2 with 18 percent. At the other extreme, production decreased
40 percent in Area 6 and 74 percent in Area 7. The 1954-1956 aver-
ages show considerable increases in Areas 2 and 4. Production has
recovered somewhat in the three southern areas since 1953, apparently
in part because of the introduction of winter oats. These southern
areas, however, account for only about 12 percent of total production.
Table 34, page 97, shows the changes in average production by
counties for 1939-1943, 1949-1953, and 1954-1956. The changes show
less of a pattern for oats than for any of the other grains, some counties
in all four of the northern areas showing considerable increases and a
few showing decreases. The northern tier of counties and the counties
west of the Illinois river and north of Hancock and McDonough
counties showed the most consistent pattern of increase for 1939-1943
and 1949-1953. The pattern during 1954-1956 was about the same
except that production increased over the 1939-1943 averages in more
of Area 4 and in some Area 6 counties.
Production trends
The general trend in the World War II and postwar periods has
been one of rapid increase in production of all grains except oats.
These increases have not occurred uniformly either for all areas of the
state or for all grains, but the changes in the pattern of production
between areas in the state have been of small magnitude for corn
and oats and of moderate magnitude for wheat and soybeans. The
1959] ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE 21
tendency has been to spread out the area of commercial production of
corn, wheat, and soybeans beyond the areas of heaviest prewar con-
centration. Increases in oat production have been confined largely to
the central and northwestern parts of the state.
Table 3 presents a comparison of the percent of total Illinois pro-
duction by areas, including, in addition to the 1939-1943 and 1949-
1953 averages, Crop Reporting Service figures since 1950. Total pro-
duction figures are included for reference since all crop production
except oat production has substantially increased since 1929. The
1954 distribution of production between areas was not considered in
assigning trends, because a drouth of 1954 severity is an infrequent
occurrence even in southern Illinois where year-to-year variations in
yield are relatively greater than they are in central and northern
Illinois.
The importance of Areas 5, 6, and 7 in total corn production has
been increasing, because production in Areas 2, 3, and 4 has been in-
creasing at a slower rate. The increase in corn production in all south-
ern counties except about ten in the southern tip of the state has been
very rapid (Table 31, page 90). These large increases in production
in the southern and southeastern counties are the result of the applica-
tion of fertilizers and modern technical knowledge to the low produc-
tivity of soils in these areas. Contrary to popular belief, only the
unglaciated seven counties at the extreme southern tip of Illinois have
a rough topography. The remainder of the land in Areas 5, 6, and 7
is basically level land, subject to varying stages of stream erosion.
After productivity is built up, the level land is well suited to grain
production, including the row crops corn and soybeans.
Wheat production has shifted somewhat from the older producing
counties in Area 5 and from northern Illinois to the eastern counties
in Areas 4 and 6. The large increase in these areas has been due both
to an expansion in acreage and a very large increase in average yields.
At the price relationships prevailing in the 1949-1953 period, wheat
appears to have been an attractive crop for farmers in both the cash-
feed grain and cash-wheat areas. Increased yields were obtained as
the result of new varieties and heavy fertilization. Illinois farmers
have several alternative uses for their resources. Whether wheat pro-
duction will continue to expand depends on its price relative to alter-
native grains and to some extent on the severity of acreage restrictions
that may be placed on wheat and other crops.
Soybean production has expanded very rapidly into the south-
central and southern counties. Three- fourths of the growth in average
22 BULLETIN No. 637 [February,
annual production between 1939-1943 and 1949-1953 occurred in the
three southern areas. The share of the total Illinois crop grown in
these areas increased from an average of 23.8 percent during 1939-
1943 to 43.2 percent during 1949-1953. In 1954-1956 the three southern
areas accounted for only about 37.7 percent of total production, partly
because in 1954 adverse weather cut back yields rather severely. In
both 1955 and 1956 southern production was about 40 percent of the
whole. Soybeans in southeastern Illinois have been taking over land
formerly in oats, redtop, or covvpeas, and land lying idle or in unim-
proved pasture.
Between 1939-1943 and 1949-1953, oat production declined in the
south and southeast where soybeans came in and increased in the north
and west where soybeans declined in comparison. Oats have not been
very important in most counties in the southern three areas. During
1939-1943, these areas produced less than 15 percent of the total crop,
and by 1949-1953 less than 10 percent. Since 1953, production has
recovered to about prewar levels in these southern areas. Areas 2 and
4 appear to be increasing their share of total oat production and Areas
1 and 3 decreasing theirs, but the changes are small.
Acreages Harvested
Acreages of the four major grain crops and changes between
1939-1943, 1949-1953, and 1954-1956 are given below.
Corn Wheat Soybeans Oats Total
Average acreage, 1939-1943,
thousands of acres 7,868 1,484 2,580 3,354 15,286
Average acreage, 1949-1953,
thousands of acres 8,925 1,839 3,714 3,482 17,960
Average acreage, 1954-1956,
thousands of acres 9,413 1,589 4,402 3,158 18,562
Percent increase, 1949-1953 over
1939-1943 13 24 44 4 18
Percent increase, 1954-1956 over
1939-1943 20 7 71 -6 21
Between 1939-1943 and 1949-1953, the acreage harvested for each
of the four crops increased. Between 1949-1953 and 1954-1956, the
acreage in both wheat and oats declined. Between the earliest and
latest periods, the acreage in corn increased 20 percent and that in soy-
beans 71 percent. Total acreage increased 21 percent. This increase
was made possible because less land was abandoned or devoted solely
to pasture, allowed to lie idle, or planted to cowpeas or other crops, or
sowed to hay. For corn, wheat, and soybeans, the percent of increase
in acreage harvested was less than the percent of increase in produc-
1959] ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE 23
tion and, in spite of a decrease in acreage, oat production increased.
Thus all four crops had higher yields in both 1949-1953 and 1954-1956
than in 1939-1943. For Illinois as a whole in the 1949-1953 period, an
18-percent increase in acreage harvested combined with a 5-percent
increase in yields resulted in a 24-percent increase in total grain
production. By 1954-1956, acreage harvested had increased 21 percent,
yields 14 percent, and total production 38 percent above the 1939-1943
levels.
Sales From Farms
Volume sold
An average of 261,619,000 bushels of corn, wheat, oats, and soy-
beans was sold from Illinois farms annually in the 1939-1943 period
(Table 4). Ten years later, (1949-1953), the amount had increased
to an average of 397,248,000 bushels annually, a gain of 52 percent.
The increase in production between the two periods amounted to about
24 percent, a fact which indicates that almost all of the increase in
production was sold. (For sales by counties and areas, see Table 35,
page 100.)
Percent sold
An average of about 53 percent of total grain production was sold
annually from farms in the 1949-1953 period as compared to an aver-
age of only 43 percent annually in the 1939-1943 period (Table 4).
Areas 1 and 2 in northern and western Illinois had the lowest percent-
ages (32.4 and 35.9 respectively) and Area 4, the east-central cash-
grain area, had the highest percentage (71.1). All areas sold a higher
percentage in the 1949-1953 than in the 1939-1943 period.
In the 1949-1953 period, 96.1 percent of the soybeans, 92.5 percent
of the wheat, 46 percent of the corn, and 36.8 percent of the oats were
sold (Table 4). These percentages were all higher than the compar-
able 1939-1943 percentages. The growing percent of grain sold indi-
cates a trend toward more specialization in agriculture with grain
farmers supplying more feed for livestock producers and feeding less
themselves. High support prices on corn and wheat also favor selling
rather than feeding on the farm where the grain is grown.
Sales per acre
Grain sales per acre of farmland are a measure of the intensity of
cash-grain production. The amount of grain sold per acre ranged from
28 bushels per acre in Champaign, Piatt, and Douglas counties to only
1 bushel per acre in Hardin and Johnson counties, according to the
1949-1953 averages of grain sold (Table 35).
24
BULLETIN No. 637
[February,
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1959} ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE 25
The average amount of grain sold per acre of farmland in the
various areas for the two periods is shown in Table 4. For the state as
a whole, sales in the later period increased almost 53 percent over those
in the earlier. Sales increased in all areas; however, the percentage
increases were much greater in the three southern than in the four
northern areas. The most impressive gains were made in the northern
part of Area 6 (Sub-area 6a), where the amount of grain sold per acre
(and total volume sold) increased 2i/2 times. (Table 35, page 100,
shows the average grain sales off farms, 1939-1943 and 1949-1953, and
the percent of increase over the 1939-1943 average by counties.)
Even though the percentage gains in the southern areas were larger
than those in Areas 3 and 4, the bushel gains were about the same or
less. The bushel gains were: Area 3, 4.6; Area 4, 6.8; Area 5, 4.7;
Area 6a, 4.7; Area 6b, 2.1 and Area 7, 3.9. Areas 3 and 4 are the
major source of cash grain in Illinois with a trend toward expansion of
this area southward.
Relative importance and trend of sales in various areas
In the 1949-1953 period, corn accounted for 56.3 percent by volume
of the grain sold from Illinois farms, soybeans accounted for 21.4 per-
cent, oats about 13 percent, and wheat just under 10 percent (Table 5).
Between the 1939-1943 and 1949-1953 periods, wheat and soybeans
slightly expanded their share of total sales of the four grains at the
expense of both corn and oats. Soybeans have not been subject to any
acreage controls during the latter period, but corn and wheat have been
limited to some degree.
Relative changes between areas in their share of corn sales have
been small, a fact which indicates a fairly uniform increase over the
state in the volume sold.
Area 5, the principal wheat-producing area, has lost some of its
position to Areas 4 and 6a, to the north and east of Area 5. The three
southern areas, 5, 6, and 7, gave up considerable oat production be-
tween 1939-1943 and 1949-1953, and consequently their share of oat
sales, already small, decreased further. The northern and western
areas, 1 and 2, appear to have increased oat sales by an amount similar
to the relative decrease in the southern areas.
The greatest change in sales between areas shows up in soybeans.
This follows production very closely since, as noted previously, 96 per-
cent of the soybeans was sold in the 1949-1953 period. The four
northern areas had much smaller increases in production; hence in-
creases in sales between 1939-1943 and 1949-1953 were smaller than
in the three southern areas. Consequently, the share of the four
26
BULLETIN No. 637
[February,
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BULLETIN No. 637
[February,
Handling volume per bushel of storage capacity
Country elevator space may be used for merchandising or for
storage. In the number of bushels handled per bushel of storage
space, elevators in the various areas differed considerably (Table 7).
Elevators in Areas 4 and 5 handled the least and those in Areas 1 and
7 the most. Considering the number of abandoned elevators in Area
1, it is difficult to explain the high volume handled in that area. Most
of the elevators there are wood houses of low capacity that, on a rail
basis, cannot compete with more modern operations that often include
trucking directly from farm to subterminal. In the high volume
handled per bushel of storage space, Area 3, the river area, also shows
the influence of direct trucking from farm to subterminal. In Area
7 considerable corn is trucked, and farmers store very little of other
crops. This situation probably accounts for the high figure in this area.
Elevators in Areas 4 and 5 have for some years stored beans and
to some extent wheat. This practice would account for some of the
lower volume handled per bushel of storage space in those areas.
Licensed Storage Space and Space Available
for Storage and Inventories
Elevator storage space of almost 43 million bushels was licensed
under either Federal or state laws in Illinois in 1955 (Table 8). This
represents about 60 percent of total elevator space. Not all licensed
space is available for storage, because some space must be reserved for
day-to-day receiving and shipping and for turning stored grain. Some
space is available for temporary holding and for elevator inventories
Table 8. ESTIMATED TOTAL STORAGE SPACE, LICENSED
STORAGE SPACE, AND SPACE AVAILABLE FOR IN-
VENTORIES AND STORAGE: By Areas, 1955
Area
Total
space
Working
space
Space avail-
able for
inventories
and storage
Licensed
storage
space
1..
bu.
4,743 000
bu.
2 793 000
bu.
1 950 000
bu.
1 516 000
2
5 282 000
2 492 000
2 790 000
3 496 000
3
11,234,000
4,094,000
7,140,000
6,286,000
4
31 418 000
7 138 000
24 280 000
21 928 000
5
13 704 000
8 664 000
5 040 000
7 991 000
6
4 178 000
1 468 000
2 710 000
1 474 000
7
1 432 000
559 000
873 000
155 000
Total
71,991,000
27 208 000
44 783 000
42 846 000
1959] ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE 33
in elevators that are not licensed for public storage. Before the space
available for storage and inventories was calculated, elevator man-
agers were asked how much of their total space had to be reserved
for working space and how much was available for storage of their
own and their patrons' grain. The answers indicated elevators in
Illinois in 1955 had a little less than 45 million bushels available, after
allowance was made for working space. Over half the total was
in Area 4. Elevators in Areas 1 and 7 had the least available storage
space relative to total space and relative to the amount of grain
handled.
For a discussion of the question of adequate country elevator space,
see page 50.
GRAIN DISPOSITION FROM LOCAL ELEVATORS
Local Sales and Types of Transportation
Grain purchased by country elevators is sold either locally as
grain or as mixed feed, or is shipped out by truck or rail. Very little
grain from Illinois country elevators is shipped for terminal or other
storage. Much grain moves by water in Illinois, but practically all
of it first moves by truck from the farm or country elevator to a river
subterminal. A few country elevators in Illinois, mostly on the upper
Mississippi where the river is closed part of the year, ship directly by
water. These elevators, however, handle a very small proportion of
the total amount of Illinois grain that is shipped by water.
Estimates of the amount of grain sold locally and the type of
transportation used for shipments are summarized in Table 9. Soy-
beans and wheat are all shipped, except for the little sometimes kept
for seed and the little wheat mixed in scratch feed for poultry.
Percent sold locally
About 15 percent of the corn and about 26 percent of the oats were
reported sold back to farmers in the same locality (Table 9). The
highest percentages of corn were sold back to farmers in Areas 1, 2,
and 5, and the smallest in Area 7. Oats were the same except that
Area 6 was also high.
Percents shipped by rail and truck
Almost three-fifths of all grain handled by elevators and about
two-thirds of all grain shipped were moved by rail (Table 9). About
four-fifths of the wheat and soybeans handled was shipped by rail.
Trucking of wheat was important in Area 1 where elevators often get
Table 9. COUNTRY ELEVATOR GRAIN SALES AND TYPES
OF TRANSPORTATION USED FOR SHIPMENTS, 1954
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46
BULLETIN No. 637
[February,
Table 15. PROCESSING CAPACITY, PROCESSING VOLUME,
AND STORAGE CAPACITY RATIOS, MAJOR
PROCESSING GROUPS
Number Processing
of volume,
plants" 1954
Bushels of
Processing processing
capacity, capacity to
January!, each bushel of
1955 storage
capacity
Feed manufacturing
14
bu.
13,349,000
33,425,000
105,965,000
21,300,000
7,054,000
73,750,000
15,060,000
3,110,000
273,013,000
bu.
27,136,000
39,260,000
117,820,000
27,950,000
21,900,000
78,500,000
17,300,000
4,950,000
334,821,000
bu.
6.64
3.46
2.54
15.07
34.65
34.13
2.40
5.13
4.48
Flour milling
9
Oil seed processing . . .
. . 22
Cereal manufacturing
5
Distilling and brewing
4
Wet corn processing
3
Malting
4
All other
3
Total
. . 64
a Seven plants engage in activities in addition to the one in the group with which they
are tabulated as follows: feed manufacturing, 3; cereal manufacturing, 2; wet corn process-
ing, 1 ; malting, 1.
handling and careful blending. For these reasons, malting plants
acquire and store the varieties needed when they become available.
Processors indicated that on January 1, 1955, Illinois plants could
handle a total of 334,821,000 bushels of all grains. During the pre-
ceding year (or latest fiscal year for which data were available) Illi-
nois processors indicated a total processing-volume of 273,013,000
bushels of all grain.
Feed manufacturers and distillers indicated a processing capacity
well above the preceding year's operating volume. Most feed manu-
facturers had equipment capable of using considerably more grain than
was actually used. This is not surprising because feed manufacturing
equipment is relatively inexpensive and it is usually preferable to
overequip a plant than to underequip it. A part of the over-capacity
in the distilling industry reflects the shift from the use of grain-based
to petroleum-based alcohols.
The other industries operated much nearer their indicated capaci-
ties. Unused capacity in oilseed processing, for example, was mainly
in small expeller mills.
Volume of Grain Merchandised
A total of 223,193,000 bushels of grain was reported as merchan-
dised by processors and terminal and subterminal elevators in Illinois
in 1953-1954 (Table 16). There was no way to arrive at a net figure
1959]
ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE
47
Table 16. VOLUME OF GRAIN MERCHANDISED AND
AVERAGE VOLUME OF STORAGE, 1953-1954
Bushels
Bushels in
Bushels
Storage
space
Volume
merchan-
dised
Average
storage
volume
merchan-
dised per
bushel of
storage
storage
per bushel
of storage
space,
merchan-
dised
to each
bushel
space
average
stored
bu.
bu.
bu.
Terminal elevators . .
48,600,000
116,700,000
34,545,000
2.4
.7
3.4
Subtermina)
elevators ,
6,421,000
89,403,000
4,261,000
13.9
.7
21.0
Processors
74,706,000
17,090,000
41 ,849,000
2
6
4
Total
129,727,000
223,193,000
80,655,000
1 7
6
2.8
that would eliminate duplication. A total of 496,206,000 bushels of
grain was handled by agencies beyond the country elevator level in
Illinois in 1953-1954 (combined merchandising and processing volumes
reported). St. Louis, including East St. Louis, and Chicago terminals
combined reported total receipts of about 300 million bushels annually
in recent years. Country points reported shipments of about 175 mil-
lion bushels to central Illinois processors and river ports in 1954-1955.
The total checks reasonably with the volume reported from the survey.
The subterminal estimate, however, appears too high when compared
with estimated country elevator shipments of about 55 million bushels
to these destinations and Illinois waterway receipts of about 50 million
bushels at Chicago where an estimated 75 percent of the river receipts
was shipped. Receipts by type of transportation, kind of grain, and
class of receiver are summarized in Table 17.
In Illinois 522,960,000 bushels of grain was received in 1954 at
terminal, and subterminal elevators and processing plants. This is
more than was reported as merchandised and processed, because it
includes storage grain to which warehouse operators did not take title
at any time during the year.
About 63 percent was received by rail, 24 percent by truck, and
about 13 percent by water (Table 17). About three- fourths of the
wheat and soybeans was received by rail, a larger proportion than for
any of the other grains.
Four-fifths of the truck receipts was at terminal and subterminal
elevators where almost all was reshipped by barge. All water receipts
were at terminals with almost all (over 99 percent) at terminal ele-
vators. Processing plants of all classes except distilling plants de-
pended very largely on rail transportation for their grain supplies.
Distillers are less dependent on the milling-in-transit privileges that are
important to most other grain consuming industries.
48
BULLETIN No. 637
[February,
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1959] ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE 49
Utilization of Terminal Elevator and Processor
Storage Space
Table 18 summarizes the average volume of grain in storage at
terminal and subterminal elevators and processing plants in 1954.
On the basis of 129,727,000 bushels of available space, an average
storage volume of 80,655,000 bushels (Table 16) represents an occu-
pancy of about 62 percent. Data indicate elevator space was about 70
percent occupied, while processor space was about 56 percent occupied.
These are figures for only one year and are principally the estimates of
a responsible executive in each firm interviewed rather than a careful
computation of monthly inventories. They must, therefore, be regarded
as subject to both estimating error and yearly variations when applied
to any particular year or situation.
Apparently there was no shortage of storage space at the processor-
and terminal-elevator level in 1954. The greater percent of occupancy
achieved by terminal elevators appears to have been due largely to
CCC stocks. The stored grain inventory was divided as follows in
1954:
Percent of average inventory stored
Own Proc- Country
account essors shippers CCC Farmers Others Total
Terminal and
subterminal
elevators 40 1 40 12 7 100
Processors 80 1 2 11 2 4 100
All firms 69 1 1 19 5 5 100
A much higher proportion of elevator space than of processor
space was devoted to CCC and farmer storage. CCC storage was
most often reported as long-term storage of a year or more. Proces-
Table 18. AVERAGE STORAGE VOLUME OF TERMINAL AND
SUBTERMINAL ELEVATORS AND PROCESSORS:
By Grains, 1954; Thousands of Bushels and Percent
r ,^;+,, Terminal and sub-
Commodity termina , elevators
Processors
Total
Wheat
thousand
bu.
18,278
perct.
47.1
25.2
5.1
9.6
13.0
100
thousand
bu.
10,128
7,993
17,618
1,548
4,562
41.849
perct.
24.2
19.1
42.1
3.7
10.9
100
thousand
bu.
28,406
17,772
19,597
5,273
9,607
80.655
perct.
35.2
22.0
24.3
6.6
11.9
100
Corn
9,779
Soybeans. .
1,979
Oats. .
3,725
Other .
5,045
Total . .
38.806
50 BULLETIN No. 637 [February,
SOTS stored predominantly for their own accounts although some space
was rented to CCC.
Wheat occupied the most space because much of it was long-term
CCC storage. Corn moved fastest in storage, seldom being held over
3 months. Soybeans and wheat in commercial channels averaged an
intermediate position of 3 to 6 months. Soybeans were largely carried
by processors rather than by terminal elevators. Besides wheat, barley
was the only other grain to be stored for long periods. Special varieties
may be stored as long as 2 years by malt processors. Oats did not
occupy much space at the terminal level. They are apparently stored
at the farm and local elevators in Illinois.
ADEQUACY OF STORAGE CAPACITY
Facilities Available
Grain storage beyond the farm is available at the country elevator
and wholesale levels (space at wholesale levels includes that at terminal
and subterminal elevators and that in processor plants). In addition
the CCC has extensive facilities. These are entirely flat storage that
must be filled, turned, and emptied with portable handling equipment.
Consequently its potential use is economically limited to long-term
storage of which CCC is almost the only user. (For space available by
areas and by facilities, see Table 19.)
A total of 174,510,000 bushels of commercial storage space was
available at country and wholesale levels January 1, 1955, consisting
of about 44,783,000 bushels of country space (total country elevator
space, 71,991,000 bushels) and 129,727,000 bushels of wholesale space.
Table 19. ESTIMATED TOTAL SPACE AVAILABLE AT COUN-
TRY ELEVATOR AND WHOLESALE LEVELS FOR STOR-
AGE AND INVENTORIES, AND CCC BIN SPACE:
By Areas; January 1, 1955; Thousands of Bushels
Type of facility
Area
1
2
3
4
5
6 7
Total
Terminal and sub-
terminal elevators . .
Processors
35,850
19,191
1,950
56, 991 b
8,500
1
1
2
5
10
,334
,514
,790
,638
,000
5
3
7
H)
30
,997
,767
,140
,904
,000
2,265
39,000
24,280
65,545
70,000
9
10
5
25
17
,575
,949
,040
,564=
,000
165 120
2,710 873
2,875 993
4,000 2,000
55
74
44
174
141
,021
,706
,783
,510
,500
Space available for storage
and inventories at
country elevators*. . .
Total available storage
CCC bin space d
Estimated from country elevator sample.
b 54,741,000 bushels at Chicago.
10,487,000 bushels at East St. Louis.
d Space by areas estimated from data by crop reporting districts.
1959] ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE 51
Of the wholesale space, about 54,741,000 bushels were at Chicago and
10,487,000 bushels at East St. Louis. There was more CCC space than
wholesale commercial space, with 141,500,000 bushels of CCC-owned
space being in place in Illinois on January 1, 1955.
Possible Storage Needs
The amount of storage space needed beyond the farm is a function
of the amount of grain sold and the distribution of sales throughout
the year. There are two peaks in Illinois grain sales one at corn
and soybean harvest in October and November and a lesser one at
wheat and oats harvest in July.
A large percentage of all grain except wheat stays within the state
for its ultimate use. With the aid of some broad assumptions and Crop
Reporting Service estimates of the timing of sales off farms, an
estimate can be made of storage space needed beyond the farm level,
exclusive of CCC stocks.
For the sake of simplicity, assume uniform use of grain sold
during the year and assume the pattern of sales off farms is uniform
over the state. (There is evidence that sales in southern Illinois were
more seasonable in 1952-1953 than in the state as a whole and they will
probably continue to follow a more seasonable pattern because of the
lack of farm storage and more hazardous farm-storage conditions. 1
This more seasonable pattern of sales would require slightly more
country elevator handling space there per bushel of sales but would
not affect total required storage space in Illinois.)
The percent of grain sold each month for the crop years 1949-1953
is shown below.
Corn Wheat Soybeans Oats
July 79 .. 30
August 8 . . 14
September 3 14 4
October 14 2 40 4
November 14 1 10 4
December 7 1 7 5
January' 81 77
February 6 1 4 6
March..' 8158
April 7 1 3 6
May 8146
June 7136
July 7 .. 2
August 8 . . 1
September 6
1 Schumaier, C. P. 111. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 595, 1955.
52
BULLETIN No. 637
[February,
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ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE
53
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ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE
55
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1959] ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE 77
has decreased from about 90 percent to 65 to 70 percent. After its
opening in 1933, receipts of grain carried by the waterway grew rapidly
to a prewar peak of 19,966,000 bushels in 1940. Waterway receipts
then declined during the war years, resuming their upward trend in
1946 and reached a new peak of almost 60 million bushels in 1950.
Probably because of large corn crops east of Chicago, barge receipts
fell off at Chicago until 1956 and 1957 when large receipts of wheat
and soybeans raised the total to about 59 million bushels.
Until 1954, truck receipts never exceeded 5 percent of the total.
The pattern of truck receipts has paralleled that of barge receipts.
Receipts increased up to the war years, decreased during those years,
and increased again in the postwar period. Receipts since 1949 have
reached new highs for truck movements.
Receipts by lake have been most variable, being movements mostly
of imported grains. The record year was 1944 when large quantities
of feed grains were imported from Canada. The large quantities in
1935 and 1937 represented imports of Argentina corn and in the 1950's
Canadian oats.
Until 1953, receipts from the Illinois waterway were predominantly
corn receipts. Since 1953, corn receipts have been smaller and wheat,
oat, and soybean receipts larger so that corn has declined in im-
portance. Large corn crops to the east of Chicago have discouraged
barge movements of corn into Chicago, while export and processing
outlets for soybeans to the east have been growing. Until 1955 and
after, wheat receipts from the Illinois waterway had not gone above
4 million bushels and oat receipts only once above 5 million. (For a
breakdown of waterway receipts by kind of grain since the opening
of the waterway, see Table 26. For figures showing the relative im-
portance of waterway transportation for corn at Chicago, see Table 27.)
St. Louis Receipts
After falling to fairly low levels in the early 1940's, grain receipts
at St. Louis had increased rapidly until the drouths of 1954 and 1955
(Table 28). The 1956 receipts recovered to a new record of 107,351,006
bushels. Receipts have been running about 80 percent corn and wheat;
in recent years corn has tended to gain on wheat, corn receipts in-
creasing from about 40 percent of total receipts to about 50 percent
(see Tables 28 and 29).
Soybean receipts had been small and variable within a range of
78
BULLETIN No. 637
[February,
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ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE
81
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82 BULLETIN No. 637 [February,
4 to 8 million bushels, but in 1956 a new record of 10.5 million bushels
was set. Oat receipts have also varied considerably in a range of 5
to 10 million bushels.
The largest share of St. Louis grain comes in by rail; since
World War II, however, the upward trend in truck receipts has been
very marked. Also since World War II, river receipts have varied
from 3 to 14 million bushels, but averaged about 9 million as against
about 3 million in the prewar period.
In the postwar period, an increase in production in nearby Illinois
counties and good export and domestic outlets at the Gulf and in the
southeast for tonnage barged down the Mississippi resulted in an
increase in truck receipts. In 1954 and 1955, truck receipts of corn
declined because drouth reduced supplies (Table 29). While corn
receipts were declining in these years, wheat and soybean receipts
increased. These receipts, like corn receipts, are due to abundant
production in nearby counties and to export markets at New Orleans.
In 1956 favorable weather returned and a total of more than 34 million
bushels of all grains was trucked in, 50 percent more than in 1953,
the best previous year. There is only a limited local market for wheat
for milling and none at all for soybeans.
River receipts have been quite variable. Receipts averaged about 9
million bushels annually from 1946 through 1957 divided about as fol-
lows: corn and wheat, each 3 1/2 million bushels; and oats and soybeans,
each 1 million bushels. To give specific information about the disposi-
tion of grain shipped by barge to St. Louis would require somewhat
precise information about conditions in each year. It may be assumed
that generally all the soybeans and most of the corn and wheat were
stopped at St. Louis for inspection and storage and eventually shipped
on for export. Most of the oats and the remainder of the wheat would
have been used at St. Louis for processing and milling.
Receipts labeled "elevator and mill tracks" are mostly wheat and
represent wheat trucked to elevators within the St. Louis switching
district and originated there without incoming rail freight paid
against them.
The St. Louis market has very definitely profited from increased
grain production in its southern Illinois tributary territory. Low-cost
water transportation puts it in a position to take much of the grain
exported from the St. Louis market on a trucked-in, flat tonnage basis.
This is true both for export grain to go through New Orleans and
for feed grains to go to the southeast which may move either through
Memphis or up the Tennessee river.
7959] ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE 83
A very considerable proportion of the increasing truck receipts at
St. Louis was corn until the drouth years reduced production (Tables
28 and 29). However, 1956 trucked corn receipts returned to the
pre-drouth 1953 level.
The St. Louis market is well located to attract increasing volumes
of trucked grain because: (1) production is' increasing in its tributary
areas; (2) low-cost water transportation to southern and export mar-
kets is available; and (3) the metropolitan area is the distribution
center for the raw materials and finished products used in its grain
producing hinterland.
RECEIPTS AT INTERIOR AND PRIMARY MARKETS
The bulk of the Illinois grain shipped to primary markets goes to
Chicago, St. Louis, and Peoria. A small amount also goes to Mil-
waukee and Indianapolis. This study makes use of a very nearly
complete series of statistics available for primary market receipts.
The interior market consists of a number of medium-sized cities
with processing plants and three inspection points which have transfer
elevators. Complete statistics on receipts at those interior markets
and transfer points are not readily available. The annual summaries
of grain inspections published by the U. S. Department of Agriculture 1
were used to estimate receipts at the interior markets with grain
inspection service. The inspection service is maintained at all grain
processing centers except at a few small soybean crushing plants and
small flour mills. The annual summaries should reflect rail receipts
accurately, but there is no way to determine what truck receipts are
because only a very small percent is bought on official grades. The
points for which rail inspection statistics are available include Bloom-
ington, Cairo, Champaign, Danville, Gibson City, Galesburg, Kankakee,
Paris, Quincy, Springfield, Taylorville, Farmer City, Oilman, and
Sheldon. The last three are transfer and inspection points.
Table 30 presents a summary of receipts during 1945-1954 at
Illinois interior points and the primary markets. An average of the
1945-1947 receipts (first 3 years of the study) was used as 100 in
computing the index numbers.
In the 10 years, total receipts of grain at the interior points nearly
doubled, while receipts at the primary markets remained fairly con-
stant. The individual grains show about the same pattern, varying
only in degrees from the total. There is no way to determine the
1 Agricultural Marketing Service, Grain Division.
84
BULLETIN No. 637
[February,
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7959] ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE 85
ownership of grain from the inspection summaries and to separate
CCC shipments from those in commercial channels. Some of the
increase in corn receipts may be due to country elevators asking for
official grades on CCC shipments at the nearest inspection point. Ship-
ments of the other grains for CCC were not important and should
not affect the number of inspections at interior points.
The trend toward greater receipts at interior points is due to:
( 1 ) the decentralization of processing facilities and the building up of
aggressive merchandising firms at interior Illinois points; and (2) the
tendency for CCC to take over exports and ship directly from country
elevators to the ports, by-passing the terminal markets.
As transportation costs increase, grain processing industries will
probably find it increasingly necessary to locate as close as possible
to their sources of raw materials with the further decentralization of
grain markets. Both additional processing points and a greater propor-
tion of grain going to interior points will contribute to decentraliza-
tion. Also, with modern communications, grain merchandising firms
need not be located at terminals to be successful.
The Government programs for grain are subject to Congressional
acts and administrative rules and cannot be predicted. Most programs
attempt, with varying degrees of success, to utilize existing grain
marketing channels for the disposal of CCC surpluses.
SUMMARY
Illinois and U. S. production
Illinois is the leading state in soybean production, is second in
corn, and third in oat production. In farm sales, however, the state
ranks first in all these grains.
Since 1929, the state's share of total U. S. corn production has in-
creased, while its share of that sold has decreased. Illinois produces
an average of about 18 percent of the total U. S. corn crop and sells
about 25 percent of all the corn sold from farms annually. It pro-
duces and sells about a fourth of the total U. S. soybean crop. The
state has just about maintained its share of U. S. oat production at a
little over 10 percent of the total, but its share of oat sales has been
decreasing and now stands at about 15 percent of the total.
Illinois production and sales
Between the 1939-1943 and 1949-1953 periods, Illinois annual pro-
duction of the four major grain crops increased an average of 24 per-
86 BULLETIN No. 637 [February,
cent. Soybean production increased 63 percent; wheat, 43; corn, 23;
and oat production, 6 percent.
In total production, the percentage gains in the three southern
areas 5, 6, and 7 were larger and in the four northern areas were
smaller than the gains for the state as a whole. The largest gain a
60-percent increase occurred in Area 6 in southeastern Illinois,
principally because of greatly expanded soybean production there. The
largest bushel gain occurred in Area 4, because grain production is
most extensive there.
Grain sales increased from an average of 261,619,000 bushels an-
nually in the 1939-1943 period to 397,248,000 bushels annually in the
1949-1953 period, a gain of 52 percent. The increase in production
between the two periods averaged about 145 million bushels, while the
increase in sales averaged about 136 million bushels. These figures
indicate that most of the increase was sold.
About 15 percent of the corn and about 26 percent of the oats
handled by country elevators were sold back to farmers in the same
locality. The highest percentages were sold back to farmers in Areas
1, 2, and 5.
In the 1949-1953 period, the three southern areas supplied 26 per-
cent of the grain sold compared to 21 percent in the 1939-1943 period.
Areas 3 and 4, the principal cash-grain areas, supplied 54 percent in
the latter period as compared to about 59 percent in the earlier. Areas
1 and 2 supplied about 20 percent of all grain sales in both periods.
Thus the southern part of the state gained as related to the central
part; its grain sales are still at a low level, however, compared with
those of Areas 3 and 4.
In the postwar period, the most striking development in the Illinois
grain production and sales pattern has been the growth of soybean
production and sales in the three southern areas, but particularly in
the counties in Area 6a. Between the 1939-1943 and 1949-1953 periods,
soybean sales in the four northern areas declined from 76 to 57 per-
cent of the Illinois total, while sales in the three southern areas in-
creased from 24 to 43 percent.
Grain storage and processing
In 1955, approximately 1,274 elevator stations were operating all
or part of the year. They handled an estimated volume of 318 million
bushels from the 1953-1954 crop years. CCC grain handled for bin
sites was excluded. An average volume of the 10-percent sample of
elevators was 247,702 bushels.
1959} ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE 87
Country elevators had 71,991,000 bushels of storage space of
which space for 42,846,000 bushels was licensed for storage in 1955.
Operators indicated they had about 44,783,000 bushels of space avail-
able for storage and inventories.
Almost three- fourths of the elevators in Illinois were built before
1920; that is, before the introduction and widespread use of trucks.
The smallest amount of country elevator space per bushel of grain
handled is in Areas 1 and 7 and the largest is in Areas 4 and 5.
As of January 1, 1955, Illinois processors had about 75 million
bushels of storage space and Illinois terminal and subterminal elevators
55 million bushels. The elevator space was predominantly at terminals.
Flour mills, soybean mills, and malting plants accounted for seven-
eighths of the processor space. Corn processors typically had a small
amount of storage space relative to their processing capacity.
Illinois had 64 grain processing plants in 1955 of which seven
had two grain processing activities at the same plant location. They
had a processing capacity of 334,821,000 bushels and had actually
processed 273,013,000 bushels the preceding year. Feed manufacturers
and distillers indicated a capacity well above the preceding year's
operating volume. Other groups of processors operated much closer
to their rated capacities.
Processors, terminal, and subterminal elevators reported a mer-
chandising volume of 223,193,000 bushels of grain in 1953-1954. Of
this total, less than 8 percent was handled by processors.
In Illinois in 1953-1954, a total of 496,206,000 bushels of grain
was processed and merchandised beyond the country level. In this
year, 522,960,000 bushels of grain was received at terminals and
processing plants, including storage grain to which the receivers did
not take title. Of this amount, 63 percent was received by rail, 24 per-
cent by truck, and 13 percent by water.
In 1953-1954, about 62 percent of the storage space beyond the
country level was occupied. About 70 percent of the elevator space
and about 50 percent of the processor space were occupied. There was
no shortage of storage space at the terminal and processor level. The
terminal elevators accepted more long-term CCC storage than the
processors. This fact explains why a greater percent of terminal
elevator space than of processor space was occupied.
In Illinois in 1955, slightly over 200 million bushels of storage
space was available for handling and storage at the country elevator
and wholesale levels. There were 141,500,000 bushels of CCC bin
site space.
88 BULLETIN No. 637 [February,
Over the 1949-1953 period, October was the peak month for grain
sales when farmers sold an average of 68,151,000 bushels. The com-
puted peak storage load for the same period came in November with a
need for an average of 85,232,000 bushels of storage space, exclusive
of needs for CCC stocks.
About 45 million bushels of the country elevator space was re-
ported available for storage and inventories. This space plus almost
130 million bushels beyond the country level made a total of almost
175 million bushels of space. Allowing 30 million bushels of space
in terminals for the use of out-of-state grain leaves 1.7 times as much
storage space as that required to take care of the computed peak
storage load.
In 1954, wholesale storage firms reported an average of 82 million
bushels and country elevators an average of 28 million bushels of
storage and inventory stocks for a total of 110 million bushels. The
total was more than the computed peak load and well above the aver-
age computed storage load, but it included both CCC stocks and out-
of-state grain held at terminal elevators and processor plants.
Southeastern Illinois was the shortest on storage space; it had
enough storage space, however, to store over half the peak month's
sales. In contrast, central Illinois had ample storage space. Since
almost all soybeans and some corn move from southeastern Illinois
to central Illinois processors, the lack of space for longer term storage
in southeastern Illinois should not be a problem in marketing channels.
Individual farmers who wish to hire local storage in this area would,
however, find little or none available at most stations.
The relatively old age of most elevators almost three-fourths of
them built before 1920 raises the question of their efficiency and
adequacy under the totally different conditions that exist today. Thus
the paradox of new elevators rising in areas of relatively plentiful
older storage capacity can be explained.
Grain transportation
Transportation costs are an important cost of marketing grain. In
Illinois grain may move east on New York rates, south to the Gulf for
export, or may move on some combination of truck and water, or on
truck, water, and rail by utilizing the Illinois-Mississippi waterway.
Rail rates have doubled since World War II. This increase has
put Ohio and Indiana feed grains in a better competitive position in
the northeastern markets than Illinois and Iowa grains. Water move-
ments of grains have increased, at least partly as a result of these rail
7959] ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE 89
rate increases. Another trend in the postwar period is the increasing
importance of interior markets relative to the terminals. Receipts at
the terminals in Illinois have remained fairly constant in the period
following World War II while receipts at interior markets have
nearly doubled.
Almost three-fifths of all grain handled by country elevators and
about two-thirds of all grain shipped were moved by rail. About four-
fifths of the wheat and soybeans and about three-fifths of the corn and
oats shipped moved by rail. Trucking of all grains was heaviest along
the Illinois river and in the area adjacent to St. Louis.
CONCLUSIONS
The continuing rise in rail freight rates will make it more and
more difficult for Illinois and Iowa feed grains to compete with Ohio
and Indiana feed grains in the northeastern market. The rise in
freight rates will also continue to put a premium on processing close to
the source of raw material and on developing truck-barge transporta-
tion of grain. These factors will tend to limit the growth in volumes at
terminals unless the terminals can take advantage of low-cost water
transportation routes.
The truck-water movement of grain appears to be growing. Its
further growth will depend upon export outlets and riparian processing
plants. Relatively few grain processing plants can now receive and
ship by water, but more will certainly be built in the future.
There is more than enough space to house the ordinary commercial
demand for storage under present conditions. The CCC demand is not
predictable since it depends on political and administrative decisions
as well as on economic factors.
In spite of the fact that ample storage capacity is available, the
age and type of many country elevator facilities make them poorly
suited to today's demand for efficient, rapid handling of grain. The
apparent trend to more decentralized marketing and processing should
make it more profitable to hold excess supplies in the country rather
than at terminals. Therefore it is economically sound to expect new,
efficient, large-scale country elevator units to be built and operated
successfully in areas with an adequate volume of older storage capacity.
Areas 6 and 7 need additional country storage because present capacity
can provide very little of the intermediate up to one year stor-
age needed by farmers.
90
BULLETIN No. 637
[February,
APPENDIX I: AVERAGE PRODUCTION AND SALES
BY COUNTIES AND AREAS
Table 31. CORN PRODUCTION: By Counties Within Areas; Total
Average Production 1939-1943, 1949-1953 and 1954-1956
and Percents of Increase Over 1939-1943
Percent of
increase of
County and
104.0 10^3
1QC4. 1QCA
area
1939-1943
1949-1953
1954-1956
over
over
1939-1943
1939-1943
Area 1
Jo Daviess
3,045
3,534
4,019
16
32
Stephenson
4,964
6,036
6,939
22
40
Winnebago
. . . 4,069
5,163
5,768
27
42
Boone
... 2,708
3,517
4,184
30
54
McHenry
4,924
6,128
7,106
24
44
Lake
1,825
2,209
2,231
21
22
Carroll
3,648
4,901
5,508
34
51
Ogle
7,436
9,614
10,794
29
45
DeKalb
... 8,658
10,344
11,659
19
35
Kane
... 5,794
6,875
7,622
19
32
Cook
... 3,003
3,153
2,816
5
-6
Whiteside
... 7,728
9,720
10,414
26
35
Lee
8,137
10,647
12,101
31
49
DuPage
2,311
2,419
2,342
5
1
Total
... 68,250
84,260
93,500
23
37
Area 2
Rock Island
3,500
3,974
4,389
14
25
Henry
... 10,007
11,616
12,785
16
28
Mercer
5,821
6,279
7,244
8
24
Knox
6,718
7,870
8,662
17
29
Henderson
3,387
3,668
4,308
8
27
Warren
6,517
6,849
7,988
5
23
Hancock
... 4,863
6,089
6,470
25
33
McDonough
... 5,565
6,239
7,324
12
32
Adams
3,626
5,111
5,118
41
41
Schuyler
2,112
2,659
2,761
26
31
Brown
1,323
1,685
1,712
27
29
Pike
4,395
5,778
5,584
31
27
Total
... 57,834
67,817
74,345
17
28
Area 3
Bureau
. .. 11,532
12,892
14,310
12
24
Putnam
1,603
1,755
1,888
9
18
LaSalle
. .. 14,705
15,775
17,723
7
20
Kendall
. .. 3,751
4,491
4,902
20
31
Grundy
4,903
5,278
5,756
8
17
Will
. . . 6,986
7,800
8,318
12
19
Stark
. .. 3,550
4,023
4,433
13
25
Marshall
. .. 3,968
4,709
4,726
19
19
Peoria
4,510
5,628
5,740
25
27
Woodford
6,051
6,871
7,422
14
23
Fulton
5,613
6,586
7,784
17
39
Tazewell
5,933
7,590
7,783
28
31
Mason
2,954
4,143
4,552
40
54
Total
. . . 76,059
87,541
95,337
15
25
1959]
ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE
Table 31. CORN PRODUCTION (Continued)
Percent of
increase of
County and
Average,
thousands of bushels
104.0 10^3
1OC4. 1QCA
area
1939-1943
1949-1953
1954-1956
over
over
1939-1943
1939-1943
Area 4
Livingston
12,590
14,154
15,438
12
23
Kankakee
. . 6,783
8,246
9,442
22
39
McLean
. . 14,887
17,480
18,691
17
26
Ford
. 5,558
6,340
6,919
14
24
Iroquois
. . 12,365
13,498
15,472
9
25
Logan
6,288
8,866
8,809
41
40
DeWitt
4,392
4,963
5,516
13
26
Piatt
4,626
5,941
6,266
28
35
Champaign
11,397
13,752
14,819
21
30
Vermilion
7,752
9,257
10,377
19
34
Macon
. 5,371
7,079
6,883
32
28
Moultrie
. 3,086
3,925
3,827
27
24
Douglas
4,368
5,365
5,676
23
30
Coles
4,381
5,175
5,160
18
18
Edgar
. 5,505
6,270
7,219
14
31
Total
. 109,349
130,311
140,514
19
28
Area 5
Cass
2,462
3,039
3,190
23
130
Menard
. . 2,343
3,147
3,959
34
69
Scott
1,856
2,166
1,891
17
2
Morgan
. . 4,359
5,409
4,838
24
11
Sangamon
. . 6,922
8,684
7,930
25
15
Christian
5,302
7,822
6,785
48
28
Calhoun
825
1,114
1,209
35
46
Greene
3,312
4,241
4,088
28
23
Jersey
1,594
1,996
1,878
25
18
Macoupin
3,814
5,750
5,646
51
48
Montgomery
3,024
5,057
5,022
67
66
Madison
2,705
3,466
3,213
28
19
Bond
1,139
1,866
1,990
64
75
St. Clair
2,268
2,900
2,523
28
11
Clinton
1,373
1,949
1,808
42
31
Washington
849
1,322
1,456
56
72
Monroe .
1 , 184
1,673
1,765
41
49
Randolph
1,430
2,092
2,187
46
53
Total
. 46,761
63,693
61,378
36
31
Area 6a
Shelby
4,725
6,486
5,879
37
24
Cumberland
1,602
2,173
2,674
36
67
Clark
2,324
2,753
3,406
18
46
Fayette
1,951
2,877
3,421
47
75
Effingham
1,291
2,179
2,569
69
99
Jasper
1,917
2,480
2,751
29
44
Crawford
1,785
2,394
2,427
34
36
Marion
824
1,597
1,976
94
140
Clay
947
1,551
1,737
64
83
Richland
833
1,325
1,619
59
94
Wayne
1,527
2,995
3,007
96
97
Total
.. 19,726
28,810
31,466
46
60
92 BULLETIN No. 637
Table 31. CORN PRODUCTION (Concluded)
[February,
Percent of
increase of
County and
10.4.0-10';'?
101:4. IQSA
area
1939-1943
1949-1953
1954-1956
over
1939-1943
over
1939-1943
Area 6b
Jefferson
974
1,786
1,985
83
104
Perry
650
1,122
1,393
73
114
Franklin
656
921
1,121
40
71
Hamilton
898
1,492
1,524
70
70
Jackson
1,304
1,630
2,053
25
57
Williamson ... .
543
695
850
28
56
Union . .
706
878
1,222
24
73
Johnson
487
473
609
25
Pope. .
469
506
596
8
27
Hardin
264
312
317
18
20
Alexander
664
569
778
-14
17
Pulaski
653
625
752
-4
15
Massac. . .
676
777
852
15
22
Total
8,944
11,786
14,053
32
57
Area 7
Lawrence
1,411
1,966
2,204
39
56
Edwards
782
1,313
1,534
68
96
Wabash
1,047
1,361
1,647
30
57
White
2,260
3,424
3,941
52
74
Saline
1,105
1,649
1,842
49
67
Gallatin . . .
1,551
1,995
2,426
29
56
Total
8 156
11 707
13 594
44
67
Total, all areas. . .
. 395,079
485,925
524,187
23
33
Table 32. WHEAT PRODUCTION: By Counties Within Areas;
Total Average Production 1939-1943, 1949-1953 and 1954-1956
and Percents of Increase Over 1939-1943
County and
area
Average,
thousands of bushels
Percent of increase of
1949-1953
over
1939-1943
1954-1956
over
1939-1943
1939-1943
1949-1953
1954-1956
Area 1
Jo Daviess. . . .
6
4
7
36
11
46
150
11
48
19
63
119
136
112
108
870
1
5
49
12
52
108
9
41
29
77
110
117
92
109
809
-33
-36
50
-31
194
-21
60
-47
5
86
-44
-1
69
12
-83
-55
104
25
13
112
-36
2
-19
28
72
-52
-19
70
4
Stephenson ,
11
Winnebago
24
Boone ,
16
McHenry
46
Lake ,
51
Carroll
14
Ogle
30
DeKalb
36
Kane
60
Cook
64
Whiteside
244
Lee
113
DuPage
64
Total
779
1959] ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE 93
Table 32. WHEAT PRODUCTION (Continued)
Percent of increase of
County and
Average,
thousands of
bushels
104.0 10 5 3
10^4. 10^fi
area
1939-1943
1949-1953
1954-1956
over
over
1939-1943
1939-1943
Area 2
Rock Island
43
31
23
-28
-46
Henry
63
34
26
-46
-59
Mercer
60
47
31
-22
-48
Knox
67
124
87
85
30
Henderson
130
134
110
3
-15
Warren
67
63
32
-6
-52
Hancock
437
775
825
77
89
McDonough
400
402
386
1
-4
Adams
633
1,080
1,205
71
90
Schuyler
281
497
576
77
105
Brown
85
194
260
128
206
Pike
575
643
729
12
27
Total
. 2,841
4,024
4,290
42
51
Area 3
Bureau
115
83
67
-28
-42
Putnam
57
53
49
-6
-14
LaSalle
68
96
78
41
15
Kendall
21
37
26
76
24
Grundy
12
33
17
175
42
Will
103
212
231
106
124
Stark
15
22
19
47
27
Marshall
58
117
93
102
60
Peoria
199
369
324
85
63
Woodford
69
96
88
39
28
Fulton
504
530
538
5
7
Tazewell
602
665
599
10
Mason
919
991
1,004
8
9
Total
. 2,742
3,304
3,133
21
14
Area 4
Livingston
29
29
27
-7
Kankakee
111
252
246
127
122
McLean
168
153
132
-9
-21
Ford
17
18
23
6
35
Iroquois
92
398
440
333
378
Logan
930
769
722
-17
-22
DeWitt
126
210
166
67
32
Piatt
275
483
587
76
113
Champaign
256
882
1,200
244
369
Vermilion
323
1,207
1,485
274
360
Macon
448
711
795
59
77
Moultrie
180
472
626
162
248
Douglas
139
526
781
278
462
Coles
169
608
873
260
417
Edgar
434
769
965
77
122
Total
. 3,697
7,487
9,068
102
145
Area 5
Cass
443
662
654
49
48
Menard
500
536
547
/
9
Scott
353
442
498
25
41
Morgan
797
1,035
1,100
30
38
Sangamon
. 1,160
1,339
1,510
15
30
Christian
920
1,700
1,866
85
103
94 BULLETIN No. 637 [February,
Table 32. WHEAT PRODUCTION (Concluded)
Percent of
increase of
County and
104.0 10^3
1g _. AQsf-
area
1939-1943
1949-1953
1954-1956
over
over
1939-1943
1939-1943
Calhoun
121
134
150
11
24
Greene
525
695
843
32
61
Jersey
412
526
604
28
47
Macoupin
899
1,211
1,764
35
96
Montgomery
594
1,229
1,595
107
168
Madison
. 1,555
1,504
1,851
-3
19
Bond
235
435
641
85
173
St. Clair
. 1,564
1,696
2,144
8
37
Clinton
823
858
1,154
4
40
Washington
. 1,097
1,266
1,849
15
69
Monroe
940
1,023
1,102
9
17
Randolph
879
844
1,108
-4
26
Total
. 13,817
17,135
20,979
30
52
Area 6a
Shelby
239
825
1,322
245
453
Cumberland
46
285
590
520
1,183
Clark
178
490
818
175
360
Fayette
216
455
967
111
348
Effingham
195
396
740
103
280
Jasper
75
365
829
387
1,005
Crawford
154
323
540
110
251
Marion
138
343
781
148
466
Clay
49
166
489
239
898
Richland
99
204
393
106
297
Wayne
89
238
632
167
610
Total
. 1,478
4,090
8,101
177
448
Area 6b
Jefferson
162
355
736
119
354
Perry
310
381
588
23
90
Franklin
169
366
561
116
232
Hamilton
127
191
417
50
228
Jackson
450
371
540
-18
20
Williamson
61
99
152
62
149
Union
113
141
183
25
62
Johnson
13
26
53
100
308
Pope
31
32
60
3
94
Hardin
7
1
6
-30
200
Alexander
83
71
127
-14
53
Pulaski
80
87
105
9
31
Massac
66
59
108
-11
63
Total
. 1,667
2,180
3,633
31
118
Area 7
Lawrence
263
380
620
44
136
Edwards
185
251
381
86
106
Wabash
288
335
448
16
56
White
455
472
763
4
68
Saline
204
256
387
25
90
Gallatin
229
161
216
-30
-6
Total
. 1,624
1,855
2,814
14
73
Total, all areas. . .
. 28,645
40,945
52,827
43
84
1959]
ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE
95
Table 33. SOYBEAN PRODUCTION: By Counties Within Areas;
Total Average Production 1939-1943, 1949-1953 and 1954-1956
and Percents of Increase Over 1939-1943
Percent of increase of
County and
104.0 1CK3
10^4. IQ^rt
area
1939-1943
1949-1953
1954-1956
over
over
1939-1943
1939-1943
Area 1
Jo Daviess
11
6
17
-46
54
Stephenson ,
41
10
14
-76
-66
Winnebago
121
76
127
-37
5
Boone
45
53
100
18
122
McHenry
56
43
148
-23
164
Lake
68
99
263
46
287
Carroll
26
9
21
-65
-19
Ogle
231
166
171
-28
-26
DeKalb
452
338
391
-25
-13
Kane
170
189
280
11
65
Cook
207
282
461
36
123
Whiteside
303
383
491
26
62
Lee
692
601
782
-13
13
DuPage
176
249
449
41
155
Total
. 2,599
2,504
3,716
4
43
Area 2
Rock Island
114
170
219
49
92
Henry
432
471
578
9
34
Mercer
205
274
376
34
84
Knox
708
640
830
-10
17
Henderson
354
491
619
39
75
Warren
699
565
681
-19
-3
Hancock
. 1,173
1,520
1,837
30
57
McDonough
906
1,042
1,295
15
43
Adams
645
1,190
1,399
84
117
Schuyler
350
692
852
98
143
Brown
99
284
320
187
223
Pike
259
1,040
1,220
302
371
Total
. 5,944
8,379
10,225
41
72
Area 3
Bureau
409
375
534
" O
31
Putnam
96
137
194
43
102
LaSalle
. 1,118
1,279
1,471
14
31
Kendall
329
251
374
-24
14
Grundy
443
719
907
62
105
Will
910
1,062
1,547
17
70
Stark
222
224
316
1
42
Marshall
329
500
684
52
108
Peoria
553
753
884
36
60
Woodford
449
638
953
42
112
Fulton
709
940
1,395
32
97
Tazewell
822
1,232
1,602
50
95
Mason
305
898
1,325
194
334
Total
. 6,694
9,008
12,187
34
82
Area 4
Livingston
1,192
1,773
3,092
49
159
Kankakee
. 1,063
1,662
2,262
56
113
McLean
. 2 , 130
2,025
3,141
-5
48
Ford
747
836
1,409
12
89
96
BULLETIN No. 637
[February,
Table 33. SOYBEAN PRODUCTION (Continued)
Percent of increase of
County and
1Q4.Q 10^"?
1QC4. 1QC<
area
1939-1943
1949-1953
1954-1956
over
over
1939-1943
1939-1943
Iroquois
1,733
3,012
4,135
74
139
Logan
. . 1,401
1,739
2,277
24
62
DeWitt
. . 1,278
1,265
1,740
-1
36
Piatt
. . 1,980
1,853
2,438
-6
23
Champaign
. . 4,080
3,724
4,959
-9
22
Vermilion
. . 2,669
3,076
3,946
15
48
Macon
. . 2,166
2,288
2,984
6
38
Moultrie
. . 1 , 198
1,299
1,560
8
30
Douglas
. . 1,760
1,880
2,182
7
24
Coles
. . 1 , 104
1,709
1,870
55
69
Edgar
. . 1,687
2,223
2,710
32
61
Total
. . 26,188
30,364
40,705
16
55
Area 5
Cass
426
1,003
1,071
135
151
Menard
491
930
1,029
89
110
Scott
172
536
571
212
232
Morgan
833
1,691
1,873
103
125
Sangamon
. . 1,771
2,893
3,536
63
100
Christian
. . 2,684
2,876
3,435
7
28
Calhoun
32
134
97
319
203
Greene
322
1,035
1,107
221
244
Jersey
132
671
668
408
406
Macoupin
854
2,339
2,215
174
159
Montgomery
995
1,962
1,976
97
99
Madison
169
1,270
1,288
651
662
Bond
141
692
653
391
363
St. Clair
173
1,097
1,123
534
549
Clinton
106
723
690
582
551
Washington
65
885
1,017
1,262
1,465
Monroe
20
283
308
1,315
1,440
Randolph
44
456
417
936
848
Total
. . 9,430
21,476
23,075
128
145
Area 6a
Shelby
1,255
2,020
2,125
61
69
Cumberland
183
947
958
417
424
Clark
260
1,167
1,266
349
387
Fayette
240
1,386
1,329
478
454
Effingham
190
1,011
946
432
398
Jasper
146
1,268
1,332
768
812
Crawford
75
661
716
681
855
Marion
62
827
907
1,234
1,363
Clay
80
863
786
979
882
Richland
44
539
703
1,125
1,498
Wayne
61
745
816
1,121
1,238
Total
. . 2,596
11,434
11,883
340
356
Area 6b
Jefferson
25
616
647
2,364
2,488
Perry
34
354
394
941
1,059
Franklin
18
258
321
1,333
1,683
Hamilton
59
337
425
471
620
Jackson
52
447
412
760
692
Williamson
10
87
139
770
1,290
1959] ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE
Table 33. SOYBEAN PRODUCTION (Concluded)
97
County and
area
Average, thousands of bushels
Percent of increase of
1949-1953
over
1939-1943
1954-1956
over
1939-1943
1939-1943
1949-1953
1954-1956
Union ...
15
213
40
92
6
318
357
204
3,329
543
241
338
536
314
83
2,055
88,549
238
35
55
4
213
279
168
3,330
355
295
363
549
360
153
2,074
107,195
1,320
264
411
200
1,036
476
1,033
846
443
295
168
312
313
66
278
63
1,487
218
206
100
661
350
833
846
255
384
188
322
374
206
282
97
Johnson
11
Pope
18
Hardin
2
Alexander
28
Pulaski
62
Massac
18
Total .
352
Area 7
Lawrence
100
Edwards
61
Wabash
126
White
130
Saline. . .
76
Gallatin
50
Total
543
Total, all areas. . .
. 54,346
Table 34. OAT PRODUCTION: By Counties Within Areas; Total
Average Production 1939-1943, 1949-1953 and 1954-1956
and Percents of Increase Over 1939-1943
County and
area
Average,
thousands of bushels
Percent of increase of
1949-1953
over
1939-1943
1954-1956
over
1939-1943
1939-1943
1949-1953
1954-1956
Area 1
Jo Daviess
1,456
1,885
3,327
2,433
1,627
2,912
1,461
2,029
4,514
4,578
3,178
1,811
3,484
4,257
1,394
38,890
1,157
3,946
1,802
2,318
936
1,939
3,335
2,294
1,576
2,457
973
2,171
4,543
4,590
3,031
1,375
3,882
4,450
991
37,607
1,319
4,564
2,027
3,021
1,104
29
23
28
28
32
30
18
11
10
16
15
25
17
14
20
36
22
46
44
36
33
23
21
24
11
-13
27
12
11
10
-13
40
23
-19
16
55
42
64
88
60
Stephenson
2,706
Winnebago
1,894
Boone
1,273
McHenry
2,214
Lake
1,120
Carroll
1,712
Ogle
4,067
DeKalb
4,143
Kane
2,743
Cook
1,574
Whiteside.
2,782
Lee
3,627
DuPage
1,219
Total
... 32,530
Area 2
Rock Island
850
Henry
3,222
Mercer
1,236
Knox
1,604
Henderson
690
BULLETIN No. 637 [February,
Table 34. OAT PRODUCTION (Continued*)
Percent of
increase of
County and
104.0 10^
10^4. IQ^ft
area
1939-1943
1949-1953
1954-1956
over
over
1939-1943
1939-1943
Warren
1,438
2,159
2,418
50
68
Hancock
1,681
1,592
1,792
-5
7
McDonough
1,430
1,668
2,130
17
49
Adams
1,579
1,379
1,609
-13
2
Schuyler
691
481
523
-30
-24
Brown
435
376
399
-14
-8
Pike
1 ,048
983
1,091
-6
4
Total
. 15,904
18,797
21,998
18
38
Area 3
Bureau
3,701
4,431
4,912
20
33
Putnam
578
660
699
14
21
LaSalle
. 6,038
6,324
6,355
5
5
Kendall
2,123
2,293
2,038
8
-4
Grundy
2,163
1,908
1,906
-12
-12
Will
3,806
4,125
3,588
8
-6
Stark
1,074
1,435
1,660
34
33
Marshall
1,526
1,702
1,710
12
12
Peoria
1,353
1,791
1,913
32
41
Woodf ord ,
2,483
2,491
2,586
4
Fulton ,
1,491
1,556
1,810
4
21
Tazewell
1,775
1,737
1,971
-2
11
Mason
588
550
691
-6
18
Total
. 28,699
31,003
31,838
8
11
Area 4
Livingston
6,342
5,378
5,708
-15
-10
Kankakee
. . 2,760
2,663
2,749
-4
McLean
. . 4,867
5,633
7,166
16
47
Ford
2,560
2,270
2,946
-23
15
Iroquois
5,261
4,025
4,770
-24
-9
Logan
1,623
2,165
2,916
33
80
DeWitt
836
1,207
1,836
44
120
Piatt
921
1,495
1,862
62
102
Champaign
2,449
3,326
4,159
36
70
Vermilion
1,671
1,536
1,797
-8
8
Macon
785
1,544
1,896
97
142
Moultrie
540
755
867
40
61
Douglas
1 ,009
1,077
1,364
7
35
Coles
648
823
849
27
31
Edgar
1 ,098
1,078
1,230
-2
12
Total
. 33,370
34,975
42,115
5
26
Area 5
Cass
454
400
486
-12
7
Menard
482
567
705
18
46
Scott
180
162
216
-10
20
Morgan
895
893
905
1
Sangamon
1,487
1,820
1,942
22
31
Christian
980
1,196
1,190
22
21
Calhoun
68
77
78
13
15
Greene
412
353
423
-14
3
Jersey
244
125
183
-49
-25
Macoupin
1 ,043
751
760
-28
-27
Montgomery
1 ,033
878
978
-15
-5
Madison
715
343
535
-51
-25
1959]
ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE
99
Table 34. OAT PRODUCTION (Concluded)
Percent of increase of
County and
104.0 1QS3
10^4. 1Q^fi
area
1939-1943
1949-1953
1954-1956
over
over
1939-1943
1939-1943
Bond
473
306
454
-35
-4
St. Clair
932
409
604
-56
-35
Clinton
1,105
617
1,010
-44
-9
Washington
1,031
451
815
-56
-21
Monroe
380
192
343
-49
-10
Randolph
583
287
444
-51
-24
Total
. 12,397
9,827
12,071
-21
-3
Area 6a
Shelby
805
886
1,017
10
26
Cumberland
250
187
212
-25
-15
Clark
282
151
176
-46
-38
Fayette
574
451
683
-22
19
Effingham
557
362
504
-35
-10
Jasper
484
256
347
-47
-28
Crawford
205
78
129
-62
-37
Marion
363
251
438
-31
21
Clay
252
166
328
-34
30
Richland
276
101
216
-64
-22
Wayne
253
89
251
-65
-1
Total
. 4,301
2,978
4,301
-31
Area 6b
Jefferson
371
107
259
-71
-30
Perry
333
133
341
-60
2
Franklin
179
29
100
-84
-44
Hamilton
276
71
208
-74
-25
Jackson
216
89
234
-59
8
Williamson
72
32
115
-56
60
Union
43
36
124
-16
188
Johnson
26
11
62
-58
138
Pope
33
15
71
-55
115
Hardin
9
2
16
-78
79
Alexander
14
7
27
-50
93
Pulaski
72
35
77
-51
7
Massac
63
40
147
-37
133
Total
1,707
607
1,781
-64
4
Area 7
Lawrence
172
49
126
-72
-27
Edwards
199
32
141
-84
-29
Wabash
111
25
92
-78
-17
White
219
61
168
-64
-23
Saline
164
42
142
-74
-13
Gallatin
79
33
83
-58
5
Total
944
242
752
-74
-20
Total, all areas. . .
. 129,952
137,319
152,462
6
17
100
BULLETIN No. 637
Table 35. GRAIN SALES FROM FARMS: By Counties Within
Areas; 1939-1943 and 1949-1953 Averages and Percent
of 1949-1953 Increase Over 1939-1943
County and
Sales, thousands of
bushels
Sales per acre of land
in farms, bushels
Percent of
1949-1953
increase
1939-1943
1949-1953
1939-1943
1949-1953
over
1939-1943
Area 1
Jo Daviess
284
404
0.8
1.1
42
Stephenson
1 ,046
1,523
3.0
4.4
47
Winnebago
1,330
1,986
4.7
7.0
49
Boone
1,057
1,659
6.0
9.4
57
McHenry
1,917
2,908
5.6
8.4
52
Lake
768
1,241
4.4
7.2
62
Carroll
575
891
2.2
3.4
54
Ogle
3,362
5,019
7:4
11.5
49
DeKalb
3,542
4,830
9.0
12.3
37
Kane
2,336
3,349
7.9
11.3
43
Cook
1,847
2,503
9.1
12.4
36
Whiteside
3,119
4,566
7.4
10.9
47
Lee
.. 5,551
8,287
12.7
19.0
50
DuPage
1,319
1,794
10.3
14.0
36
Entire area
. . 28,053
40,960
6.6
9.6
45
Area 2
Rock Island
936
1,331
4.0
5.8
42
Henry
3,108
4,336
6.2
8.7
40
Mercer
1,442
1,983
4.3
5.9
37
Knox
.. 2,815
3,886
6.8
9.3
37
Henderson
1,513
2,071
7.2
9.8
36
Warren
2,650
3,323
8.0
10.1
26
Hancock
3,081
4,569
6.6
9.9
48
McDonough
3,235
4,244
9.2
12.1
32
Adams
2,087
3,651
4.3
7.5
74
Schuyler
1,261
2,129
5.0
8.4
68
Brown
458
883
2.6
5.0
92
Pike
1,740
3,168
3.6
6.5
81
Entire area. . . .
.. 24,326
35,574
5.7
8.4
47
Area 3
Bureau
5,025
6,802
9.7
13.1
35
Putnam
988
1,346
10.6
14.4
36
LaSalle
.. 11,030
14,431
16.6
21.8
31
Kendall
2,348
3,199
12.0
16.4
37
Grundy
4,244
5,572
16.9
22.2
31
Will
6,020
8,226
13.9
19.0
37
Stark
1 , 743
2,451
9.8
13.8
41
Marshall
2,579
3,815
11.2
16.5
47
Peoria
.. 2,572
4,006
7.7
12.0
56
Woodford
4,331
5,960
13.8
19.0
38
Fulton
.. 2,781
3,808
5.7
7.8
37
Tazewell
. . 4,808
7,143
12.9
19.2
49
Mason
.. 2,936
4,881
10.0
16.6
66
Entire area
.. 51,405
71,640
11.8
16.4
39
Area 4
Livingston
11,494
15,162
17.9
23.7
32
Kankakee
6,051
8,951
15.8
23.4
48
McLean
.. 12,008
16,400
16.7
22.8
37
Ford
5,027
6,536
17.0
22.1
30
7959]
ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRADE
101
Table 35. GRAIN SALES FROM FARMS (Continued)
County and
Sales, thousands of
bushels
Sales per acre of land
in farms, bushels
Percent of
1949-1953
increase
1939-1943
1949-1953
1939-1943
1949-1953
over
1939-1943
Iroquois
10,732
14,743
15.8
21.7
37
Logan ,
6,281
9,565
16.7
25.4
52
DeWitt
3,984
5,311
16.4
21.9
34
Piatt
5,217
7,412
19.4
27.5
42
Champaign
.. 12,105
16,697
20.0
27.6
38
Vermilion
7,590
10,967
14.6
21.0
44
Macon
.. 5,847
8,782
17.1
25.7
50
Moultrie
.. 3,150
4,678
15.0
22.3
49
Douglas
.. 4,798
6,828
19.3
27.5
42
Coles
.. 3,358
5,440
11.3
18.3
62
Edgar
4,901
6,946
13.3
18.9
42
Entire area. . . .
.. 102,543
144,418
16.5
23.3
41
Area 5
Cass
1,983
3,347
9.2
15.6
70
Menard
1,906
3,050
9.9
15.9
61
Scott
1,040
1,745
6.8
11.5
69
Morgan
.. 3,049
4,954
9.1
14.8
63
Sangamon
Christian
5,825
.. 5,978
8,936
9,137
11.8
14.2
18.1
21.8
53
54
Calhoun
314
551
2.2
3.9
77
Greene
1,678
3,065
5.2
9.6
85
Jersey
806
1,621
4.0
8.0
100
Macoupin
.. 2,443
4,883
4.9
9.7
98
Montgomery. . . .
.. 2,317
4,695
5.7
11.6
104
Madison
1,998
3,389
5.3
9.0
70
Bond
546
1,448
2.5
6.5
165
St. Clair
2,048
3,410
6.5
10.8
66
Clinton
1,035
1,877
3.9
7.1
82
Washington
1,167
2,261
3.7
7.1
92
Monroe
1 , 109
1,693
5.1
7.8
53
Randolph
1,112
1,784
3.5
5.7
60
Entire area. . . .
.. 36,354
61,846
6.7
11.4
70
Area 6a
Shelby
3,421
6,114
7.6
13.5
78
Cumberland
679
1,923
3.4
9.6
183
Clark
1,120
2,605
3.9
8.9
133
Fayette
962
2,715
2.4
6.9
182
Effingham
643
1,914
2.4
7.1
198
Jasper
650
2,193
2.3
7.8
237
Crawford
627
1,607
2.6
6.7
156
Marion
395
1,574
1.3
5.3
298
Clay
317
1,337
1.3
5.3
322
Richland
312
1,026
1.6
5.2
229
Wayne
583
1,944
1.6 ...-
ffVp^ptu*.
233
Entire area. . . .
.. 9,709
24,952
3.0
7.7
157
Area 6b
Jefferson
395
1,369
1.3
4.7
247
Perry
120
901
1.9
4.3
651
Franklin
291
788
1.5
4.2
171
Hamilton
427
964
2.0
4.6
126
Jackson
867
1,429
3.2
5.2
65
Williamson
169
330
1.0
2.1
95
102
BULLETIN No. 637
[February,
Table 35. GRAIN SALES FROM FARMS (Concluded)
County and
area
Sales, thousands of
bushels
Sales per acre of land
in farms, bushels
Percent of
1949-1953
increase
over
1939-1943
' 1939-1943
1949-1953
1939-1943
1949-1953
Union
306
631
175
262
74
686
598
455
8,662
1,751
842
1,217
2,752
1,368
1,268
9,198
397,250
1.6
0.7
1.2
0.7
4.2
2.6
1.8
1.8
4.4
3.1
6.3
5.5
4.1
5.9
4.9
8.4
3.4
1.0
2.0
1.0
7.3
5.7
3.8
3.9
9.1
6.4
10.5
10.1
7.7
8.1
8.8
12.8
106
46
71
42
72
114
111
113
106
102
67
84
88
37
80
52
Johnson
120
Pope. .
153
Hardin
52
Alexander
399
Pulaski
280
Massac
216
Entire area.
4,074
Area 7
Lawrence
849
Edwards. . . .
416
Wabash . . .
738
White
1,510
Saline
724
Gallatin
918
Entire area. . .
5,155
All areas
. . . 261,619
1959] ILLINOIS GRAIN PRODUCTION AND TRAPE 103
APPENDIX II: STORAGE ADDED SINCE 1955
Between 1955 and 1958 grain storage space in Illinois increased
about 45 percent from 202 million bushels to about 293 million bushels.
The 1958 figures are based on data collected by the Illinois Agricultural
Stabilization Committee. County work sheets were analyzed and
made as nearly comparable as possible to the 1955 data collected by
the Agricultural Economics Department of the University of Illinois.
All of the space added was in country, subterminal, and terminal
elevator space. Processor storage space was virtually unchanged.
Country elevator space increased 60 million bushels, an 84-percent
increase over the 72 million bushels in place in 1955. Subterminal
and terminal space increased 32 million bushels, a 58-percent increase
over 1955. Of this, space for about 20 million bushels was added
on Chicago's South Side in anticipation of St. Lawrence Seaway
developments.
The 1958 data do not include any information on the amount of
Hat space and the amount of space with elevating equipment. Informa-
tion on recent and planned additions at the time of the 1955 survey
indicates a large share of the country elevator space added since 1955
has been flat steel, warehouse-type construction with aerating equip-
ment designed to store corn for the Commodity Credit Corporation.
Several rail subterminals designed to store CCC corn in flat storage
have also been built since 1955.
CCC binsite storage was increased about 50 million bushels, 36
percent, between 1955 and 1958.
There were substantial additions to grain storage space in all areas
of the state except Area 7. It is the policy of the CCC to discourage
storage of corn in counties south of U. S. Route 36. Storage built in
Areas 5, 6, and 7 would have to be largely for handling and for the
storage of wheat and soybeans and may account for the smaller
amounts built there.
104
BULLETIN No. 637
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