\^j^Ck^ STATE OF ILLINOIS DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION FRANK G. THOMPSON, Director DIVISION OF THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief URBANA REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS— NO. 121 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 Walter H. Voskuil, Douglas F. Stevens, and Nina T. Hamrick ,U,N01S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY U3RV.Y JUL 30 1975 PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS URBANA, ILLINOIS 1946 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 3 3051 00005 7301 LIBRARY, STATE OF ILLINOIS DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION FRANK G. THOMPSON, Director DIVISION OF THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief URBANA REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS— NO. 121 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 Walter H. Voskuil, Douglas F. Stevens, and Nina T. Hamrick PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS URBANA, ILLINOIS 1946 ILLINOIS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY \1«RARY ORGANIZATION STATE OF ILLINOIS HON. DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION HON. FRANK G. THOMPSON, Director BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION HON. FRANK G. THOMPSON, Chairman NORMAN L. BOWEN, Ph.D., D.Sc, LL.D., Geology ROGER ADAMS, Ph.D., D.Sc, Chemistry LOUIS R. HOWSON, C.E., Engineering CARL G. HARTMAN, Ph.D., Biology EZRA JACOB KRAUS, Ph.D., D.Sc, Forestry GEORGE D. STODDARD, Ph.D., Litt.D., LL.D., L.H.D. President of the University of Illinois GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief (25834— 3M— 10-46) SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STAFF OF THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION 100 Natural Resources Building, Urbana M. M. Enid Townley, M.S., Assistant to the Chief Velda A. Millard, Junior Asst. to the Chief LEIGHTON, Ph.D., Chief Helen E. McMorris, Secretary to the Chief Effie Hetishee, B.S., Geological Assistant GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES Ralph E. Grim, Ph.D., Peirographer and Principal Geologist in Charge Mineral Resources Records Vivian Gordon, Head Ruth R. Warden, B.S. Research Assistant Coal G. H. Cady, Ph.D., Senior Geologist and Head R. J. Helfinstine, M.S., Mech. Engineer Charles C. Boley, M.S., Assoc. Mining Eng. Robert M. Kosanke, M.A., Asst. Geologist Robert W. Ellingwood, B.S., Asst. Geologist Jack A. Simon, B.A., Asst. Geologist Arnold Eddings, B.A., Asst. Geologist John A. Harrison, B.S., Asst. Geologist Raymond Siever, B.S., Research Assistant Mary E. Barnes, B.S., Research Assistant Margaret Parker. B.S., Research Assistant Oil and Gas A. H. Bell, Ph.D., Geologist and Head Frederick Squires, B.S., Petroleum Engineer David H. Swann, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist Virginia Kline, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist Paul G. Luckhardt, M.S., Asst. Geologist Wayne F. Meents, Asst. Geologist Richard J. Cassin, B.S., Research Assistant Sue R. Anderson, B.S., Research Assistant Industrial Minerals J. E. Lamar, B.S., Geologist and Head Robert M. Grogan, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist Mary R. Hill, B.S., Research Assistant Clay Resources and Clay Mineral Technology Ralph E. Grim, Ph.D., Peirographer and Head Henry M. Putman, B.A.Sc, Asst. Geologist William A. White, B.S., Research Assistant Groundwater Geology and Geophysical Exploration Carl A. Bays, Ph.D., Geologist and Engineer, and Head Robert R. Storm, A.B., Assoc. Geologist Arnold C. Mason, B.S., Assoc. Geologist (on leave) Merlyn B. Buhle, M.S., Assoc. Geologist M. W. Pullen, Jr., M.S., Asst. Geologist Gordon W. Prescott, B.S., Asst. Geologist Margaret J. Castle, Asst. Geologic Draftsman Robert N. M. Urash, B.S., Research Assistant George H. Davis, B.S., Research Assistant Engineering Geology and Topographic Mapping George E. Ekblaw, Ph.D., Geologist and Head Richard F. Fisher, M.S., Asst. Geologist Areal Geology and Paleontology H. B. Willman, Ph.D., Geologist and Head Chalmer L. Cooper, Ph.D., Geologist C. Leland Horberg, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist Heinz A. Lowenstam, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist Subsurface Geology L. E. Workman, M.S., Geologist and Head Elwood Atherton, Ph.D., Asst. Geologist Paul Herbert, Jr., B.S., Asst. Geologist Marvin P. Meyer, M.S., Asst. Geologist Elizabeth Pretzer, M.A., Asst. Geologist Physics R. J. Piersol, Ph.D., Physicist GEOCHEMISTRY Frank H. Reed, Ph.D., Chief Chemist Carol J. Adams, B.S., Research Assistant Coal G. R. Yohe, Ph.D., Chemist and Head Eva O. Blodgett, B.S., Research Assistant Industrial Minerals J. S. Machin, Ph.D., Chemist and Head Tin Boo Yee, M.S., Research Assistant Fluorspar G. C. Finger, Ph.D., Chemist and Head Oren F. Williams, B.Engr., Asst. Chemist Chemical Engineering H. W. Jackman, M.S.E., Chemical Engineer and Head P. W. Henline, M.S., Assoc. Chemical Engineer James C. McCullough, Research Associate James H. Hanes, B.S., Research Assistant (on leave) Leroy S. Miller, B.S., Research Assistant (on leave) Earl C. Noble, Technical Assistant X-ray and Spectrography W. F. Bradley, Ph.D., Chemist and Head Analytical Chemistry O. W. Rees, Ph.D., Chemist and Head L. D. McVicker, B.S., Chemist Howard S. Clark, A.B., Assoc. Chemist Lewis E. Moncrief, B.S., Research Assistant Emile D. Pierron, B.S., Research Assistant John C. Gogley, B.S., Research Assistant Elizabeth Bartz, A.B., Research Assistant Albertine Krohn, B.S., Research Assistant Phyllis K. Brown, B.A., Research Assistant MINERAL ECONOMICS W. H. Voskuil, Ph.D., Mineral Economist Douglas F. Stevens, M.E., Research Associate Nina Hamrick, A.B., Research Assistant Ethel M. King, Research Assistant EDUCATIONAL EXTENSION Gilbert O. Raasch, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist LIBRARY Regina Yoast, B.A., B.L.S., Librarian Ruby D. Frison, Technical Assistant PUBLICATIONS Dorothy E. Rose, B.S., Technical Editor Meredith M. Calkins, Geologic Draftsman Beulah F. Hopper, B.F.A., Asst. Geologic Draftsman Willis L. Busch, Principal Technical Assistant Leslie D. Vaughan, Asst. Photographer Consultants: Ceramics, Cullen W. Parmelee, M.S., D.Sc, and Ralph K. Hursh, B.S., University of Illinois Mechanical Engineering, Seichi Konzo, M.S., University of Illinois Topographic Mapping in Cooperation with the United States Geological Survey. This report is a contribution of the Mineral Economics Section. Aug. 1. 1946 CONTENTS PAGE Introduction 9 Acknowledgments 9 Summary of production and value of Illinois minerals in 1945 10 Coal 15 Coal in 1945 — the national picture 15 Production by districts 15 Cumulative coal production 19 Coal in Eastern Interior basin 20 Coal distribution in the Upper Mississippi Valley 20 The Upper Mississippi Valley market area 20 Appalachian coal movement 23 Pattern of the coal distribution and consumption in the Upper Mississippi Valley 26 Coal consumption by major uses and sources 28 Illinois coal industry in the Upper Mississippi Valley 37 Metropolitan markets 41 Coal prices in 1945 48 Degree-days 48 Fuel briquets and packaged fuel 61 Petroleum and gas 65 Petroleum in 1945 — the national picture 65 Estimated reserves 65 Production 65 Prices of crude oil in 1945 68 Stocks 68 Gasoline 68 Gaseous fuels in Illinois in 1945 69 Stone, rock products 73 Limestone, dolomite and marl 73 Commercial and non-commercial operations 74 Agstone used in Illinois in 1945 74 Cement 82 Lime 82 Mineral wool 82 Ganister and sandstone 86 Clays, clay products 87 Clays, including fuller's earth 87 Clay products, including silica refractories 87 Refractories 87 Structural clay products 87 Whiteware and pottery 91 Sand and gravel 92 Silica sand 92 Other sand and gravel 92 Commercial and government-and-contractor operations 93 Silica and tripoli 97 Ground silica 97 Tripoli ("amorphous" silica) 97 CONTENTS— Continued PAGE Fluorspar 98 Fluorspar industry in 1945 98 Production 98 Consumption 99 Fluorspar in Illinois 108 Prices Ill Zinc, lead and silver 112 Southern Illinois 113 Northwestern Illinois 113 Miscellaneous minerals 114 Peat 114 Pyrites 114 Sulfur 114 Minerals processed, but mostly not mined, in Illinois 115 Coke and byproducts 115 Packaged fuel and fuel briquets 115 Pig iron 115 Sulfuric acid 115 Slab zinc 116 Ground feldspar 116 Magnesium compounds 116 Mineral pigments 116 Pig lead 116 Expanded vermiculite 116 Alumina 116 Phosphates 116 ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE PAGE 1 Value of annual mineral production in Illinois, 1914—1945 11 2 Minimum price areas and production districts as set forth in the Eituminous Coal Act of l c 37. . . 16 3 Map of Illinois showing location of principal coal mining districts and coal beds mined 18 4 Illinois coal production by ten-year periods, 1883-1942 22 5 Production of Illinois coal in representative counties in northern, southern, central and Belleville districts, by ten-year periods, 1883-1942 23 6 Bituminous coal production districts east of the Mississippi River 28 7 Map of Illinois showing location of shipping coal mines, and local mines having annual production of 5,000 tons or more 29 8 Annual production of Illinois coal, classified by mining methods, 1928-1945 30 9 Degree-day districts, with averages and ranges 50 10 Distribution of crude oil produced in Illinois (in millions of barrels) by states, 1945 . . . . : 65 11 Sources of oil in Illinois refineries (thousands of barrels), 1945 69 12 Annual production of stone (limestone, dolomite, marl) in Illinois, 1920-1945 73 13 Annual use of agstone in Illinois, 1927-1945 78 14 Agstone used in Illinois in 1945, showing county averages in pounds per acre of arable land and plowable pasture 81 15 Annual shipments of cement and lime by producers in Illinois, 1920-1945 83 16 Value of annual sales of clays and clay products by producers in Illinois, 1939-1945 90 17 Annual production and value of sand (including silica sand) and gravel, in Illinois, 1920-1945. ... 96 18 Average annual fluorspar consumption (of both domestic and foreign fluorspar J in the United States, 1935-1940, compared with 1944 and 1945, by sources and consuming industries 100 19 Fluorspar shipped from mines, by uses, United States and Illinois, 1939-1945 102 20 Percentage consumption of fluorspar (domestic and foreign) by industries for twenty-year period 1926-1945 '. 106 21 Fluorspar, annual shipments and average value, from Illinois mines, 1913-1945 110 22 Annual value of metals recovered from ores mined in Illinois, 1913-1945 112 TABLES TABLE PAGE 1 Summary of mineral production of Illinois, sold or used by producers, 1943-1945 12 2 Value of Illinois mineral production, summary of annual values, 1914-1945 14 3 National bituminous coal output since 1938 14 4 Bituminous coal and lignite production by districts, 1943-1945 15 5 Bituminous coal and lignite production and average output per man, by methods of mining and loading in the United States, by districts, 1944 17 6 Production in districts with large all-rail shipments to the Upper Mississippi Valley, 1941-1945. . 19 7 Bituminous coal production in the United States, by states, 1940-1945 20 8 Total production of coal by counties, 1882-1945 21 9 Counties of more than 100,000,000 tons output, 1882-1945 21 10 Production of bituminous coal in the Eastern Interior coal field, 1939-1945 22 11 Origin and destination of revenue railroad shipments of coal from Illinois, Indiana, western Ken- tucky and the Appalachian fields, in 1944 and 1945 24 12 Origin of lake cargo coal from Appalachian fields, 1942-1945 26 13 Lake cargo shipments and receipts of coal at Upper Lake docks, 1934-1945 26 14 Lake shipments of coal from the Eastern Interior basin, 1945 27 15 Summary of coal uses in the Upper Mississippi Valley for the year ending June 30, 1945 27 16 Summary of bituminous coal shipped into the Upper Mississippi Valley for the year ending June 30, 1945 27 17 Coal produced and shipped from mines in Illinois, Indiana, and Iowa for the year ending June 30, 1945 31 18 Sources of coal shipped to three important consumer groups in the Upper Mississippi Valley, for the year ending June 30, 1945 32 19 Shipments of coal to principal types of consumers in the Illinois coal market area, via lake, for the year ending June 30, 1945 35 20 Distribution of bituminous coal produced in Illinois, 1945 37 21 Shipment of bituminous coal in District 10, Illinois, during the year ending June 30, 1945 38 22 Distribution by state and use, by all-rail, river, and ex-river shipments (excluding railroad fuel) of Illinois bituminous coal, produced during the year ending June 30, 1945 40 23 Sources of all-rail coal destined for Chicago, 1942-1945 41 24 Sources of coal destined for St. Louis, 1942-1945 41 25 Coal production of all Illinois mines, by type of mine, and by counties, 1945 42 26 Illinois coal production, by quarters for the years 1941-1945 44 27 Production of bituminous coal in Illinois and the United States, by months, 1945 44 28 Amount and value of coal produced in Illinois, showing number and type of mines, 1935-1945. ... 45 29 Coal mine prices, December 1944 and December 1945 46 30 Coal consumed in the Illinois coal market area (exclusive of railroad fuel), 1944-1945 47 31 Shipments of bituminous coal by sizes from Illinois, 1945 48 32 Source of bituminous coal shipped to Illinois, by all-rail, river and ex-river (exclusive of railroad fuel), 1945 48 33 Types of heating equipment, by degree-day districts 49 34 Degree-days for 57 Illinois cities during 1945 and 1946, by months, compared with normal averages over the period during which records have been kept; also the cumulative average and the per- cent of the cumulative average by months 51 35 Production of fuel briquets in the United States, 1944-1945 60 36 Shipments of fuel briquets iof domestic manufacture into Illinois coal market area, 1943-1945. ... 61 37 Production and value of packaged fuel in Illinois, 1940-1945 61 38 Coke and byproducts, produced, sold or used by producer in Illinois, 1942-1945 62 39 Distribution of coke shipped or used by producer, 1945 64 40 Estimates of proved oil reserves in the states serving the Illinois area, January 1, 1935 to January 1, 1946 65 TABLES— Continued TABLE PAGE 41 Crude oil production in the United States, by districts and states, 1939-1945 66 42 Crude oil and related products produced, sold, or used by producers in Illinois, 1943-1945 67 43 Average value of crude oil in Illinois, 1937-1945 68 44 Crude oil price changes for Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, 1944—1945 68 45 Stocks of crude oil and refined products in the United States, in Illinois, and in the Central Re- fining district, by months, 1945 69 46 Gasoline sold in Illinois, by months, 1941-1945 70 47 Consumption of natural gas and manufactured gas in Illinois, 1943—1945 71 48 Gas sales to ultimate consumers in Illinois, 1945, by uses and by months 72 49 Value of gas sales to ultimate consumers in Illinois, 1945, by uses and by months 72 50 Gas sales to ultimate consumers in Illinois, by principal uses, 1941-1945 72 51 Limestone, dolomite, and marl, by uses, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1943-1945 74 52 Limestone, dolomite, and marl, by kinds and by uses, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1945. . 76 53 Agstone used in Illinois, 1944 and 1945 77 54 Agstone used in Illinois annually, 1927-1945 77 55 Agstone used in Illinois, by counties, 1944 and 1945 79 56 Agstone produced in other states and used in Illinois, 1940-1945 82 57 Agstone produced in Illinois and marketed in other states, 1940-1945 82 58 Cement sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1943-1945 84 59 Lime sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1943-1945 84 60 Ganister and sandstone sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1942-1945 86 61 Clays (including fuller's earth) sold and shipped by producers in Illinois, by kinds and by uses, 1944 and 1945 88 62 Clay products (including silica refractories) sold and shipped by producers in Illinois, 1944 and 1945 89 63 Silica sand sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1943-1945 92 64 Sand (other than silica sand) and gravel sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1943-1945 94 65 Ground silica sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1944 and 1945 97 66 Tripoli ("amorphous" silica) sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1944 and 1945 97 67 Production of domestic fluorspar, by states, 1945 98 68 Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, by states, 1944 and 1945 98 69 Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, by uses, 1944 and 1945 98 70 Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, by grades and by industries, 1944 and 1945. . . 99 71 Fluorspar (domestic and foreign) consumed and in stock in the United States, by industries, 1944 and 1945 101 72 Fluorspar shipped from mines in Illinois and in the United States, by uses, 1939-1946 101 73 Salient statistics of finished fluorspar in the United States, 1943-1944, and January-December, 1945 103 74 Fluorspar imported for consumption in the United States, by countries, 1944 and 1945 103 75 Imported fluorspar delivered to consumers in the United States, by uses, 1944 and 1945 104 76 General imports (receipts) of fluorspar into the United States, 1943-1945 104 77 Consumption of fluorspar (domestic and foreign; in the United States, 1943-1944, and by months, January-December 1945, by industries 105 78 Specifications of chief commercial grades of fluorspar 107 79 Fluorspar shipped from Illinois mines, by tonnage and value, 1939-1945 109 80 Fluorspar shipped from mines in Illinois, by kinds and uses, 1943-1945 109 81 Principal mills in Illinois equipped to produce acid or ceramic grade fluorspar Ill 82 Zinc, lead and silver, recovered from ores mined in Illinois, 1943-1945 113 83 Miscellaneous minerals sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1942-1945 114 84 Minerals processed, but mostly not mined in Illinois, sold or used by processors in Illinois, 1943- 1945 114 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/illinoisminerali121vosk ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 Walter H. Voskuil, Douglas F. Stevens, and Nina T. Hamrick INTRODUCTION The Illinois mineral industry is a key factor in creating and supporting the industrial activity in Illinois and, to con- siderable extent, in other states of the Upper Mississippi Valley. The primary materials of industrial production — fuels and iron ore, the latter from the Lake Superior district — are available in abundant quantities and are assembled for processing at a low cost on Lake Michigan near the large market of Chicago and of smaller cities in the industrial belt. There are abundant cheaply mined and good quality coals at points accessible to manufacturing centers. In addition to this, certain min- erals essential to the processing of primary steel, such as refractory materials and fluxes, are also present in the area, together with a variety of mineral products for foundry, chemical, construction, and other uses. This wide array of manufacturing indus- tries lies in the center of one of the most efficient and low-cost food producing areas in the United States, if not in the world. A fertile soil has provided an area of high food yields, a mechanized agriculture has brought production costs down to a low level, a flat topography has aided in the introduction of cost-saving farm machinery and the low cost of transporting farm prod- ucts to consuming centers, and the use of power on farms, by displacing animal power, has added millions of acres to the farm land available for the production of food. The unusual and excellent endowment of industrial, mineral, and agricultural resources offers opportunities for production and employment that are probably un- matched elsewhere. Acknowledgments This report is made possible through the cooperation of the Bureau of Mines of the United States Department of the Interior, the Illinois State Department of Mines and Minerals, and the cooperation of mineral producers throughout Illinois in furnishing information regarding their operation. Special acknowledgment is hereby made of the excellent contribution made by Miss Ethel M. King, Research Assistant, through the very efficient and systematic way in which she has maintained the statistical rec- ords throughout the year, facilitating the work of writing this report. Each of the sections of this report was prepared in close collaboration with the heads of the several mineral research divi- sions of the Illinois State Geological Sur- vey. Special assistance and advice were contributed by Ralph E. Grim, Petrographer and Principal Geologist in Charge of the Geological Resources Section; G. H. Cady, Senior Geologist and Head of the Coal Division; A. H. Bell, Geologist and Head of the Oil and Gas Division; J. E. Lamar, Geologist and Head, and Robert M. Gro- gan, Associate Geologist, both of the Indus- trial Minerals Division; F. H. Reed, Chief Chemist and Head, and G. C. Finger, Chemist and Head of the Fluorspar Divi- sion, both of the Geochemistry section. [9] 10 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 SUMMARY OF PRODUCTION AND VALUE OF ILLINOIS MINERALS IN 1945 The mineral industry of Illinois in 1945 continued at a high rate of production. The total value of minerals produced and sold during the year amounted to $334,855,000, as valued at the mine, quarry, pit, or plant. This was a decrease of $9,526,000 or less than 3 percent from the high production of 1944. The additional value of $193,046,000 for mineral materials processed, but mostly not mined, in Illinois brought the total value of all minerals produced and processed dur- ing 1945, for which data are available, to $527,901,000. This was a decrease of approximately $32,000,000 or 6 percent from the all-time high record established in 1943. A summary of the production and value of Illinois minerals in 1945 is presented in table 1, with comparative data for 1943 and 1944. Detailed figures for each min- eral are given in the various sections of this report, to which reference is made in table 1. The unit of quantity measurement used for each mineral product is that commonly used in the commercial handling of that material. Wherever possible the net or short ton of 2,000 pounds is used, but some prod- ucts are sold by the gallon, barrel, cubic foot, or by the number of pieces. In some materials, diversity of products makes it impossible to give any measure of quantity. The value of each mineral product, in its first marketable form, is given as its net selling price at point of origin, without including any transportation expense other than that necessary in bringing it from the mine to the place where it is made into a marketable product. Wherever possible, average or unit rates of value are given. The quantity and value of metals are given, not as those of the ores, but in terms of the recovered metals. Mineral production is considered as those minerals or mineral materials which are mined and sold or used by producers in Illinois. Mineral materials which were processed, but mostly not mined, in Illinois are shown separately. Every effort has been made to avoid duplication. Illinois has attained a position of impor- tance among the various states in the pro- duction of several mineral materials. Its rank both in quantity and value of these materials is given in table 1. Mineral products provided approximately 50 percent of the tonnage handled by Illinois railroads. In order to permit comparison of recent mineral production with that in previous years, figure 1 and table 2 are presented, which show the value of the annual mineral production of Illinois from 1914 to 1945, inclusive. SUMMARY OF PRODUCTION AND VALUE 11 550 iX 500 / \ 450 400 ■MINERALS PRODUCED AND PROCESSED 1914 '15 '20 '25 '30 '3 5 "40 '45 Fig. 1. — Value of annual mineral production in Illinois, 1914—1945. 12 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 %5 Table 1. — Sui^mary of Mineral Production of Material Detail table Unit 1943* Line No. Quantity Value at plants Rank among states Total Av. Amt. Value 1 Co#/ — bituminous 26,28 42 a a it u 51,52 58 59 60 61 62 a a 63 64 a 65 66 80 82 a 83 Tons Bbls. M cu.ft. M cu.ft. Gals. a Tons Bbls. Tons Tons Tons « U Eqv. tons Tons U Tons U Tons Tons Troy ozs. Tons 73,344,800 82,260,000 18,120,000 14,424,000 71,737,000 113,750,000 $156,224,000 112,700,000 884,000 661,000 4,072,000 3,358,000 $2.13 1.37 .049 .046 .057 .029 3 6 14 6 2 4 d 16 6 9 3 1 2 1 1 1 17 15 22 4 o Petroleum — 6 3 4 Natural gas — marketed Natural gas — used in fields . . . Natural gasoline 15 5 6 Liquefied petroleum gases .... Stone, rock products — Limestone, dolomite, marl. . . . 3 7 8 9 11,429,102 4,504,442 314,735 1,045 121,675,000 10,654,148 6,965,607 2,386,540 2,426,339 6,557 .93 1.55 7.58 6.27 3 d 17 10 Lime 5 Mineral wool 1? Ganister, sandstone Clays, clay products — Clays (except fuller's earth) . . Fuller's earth 13 14 11 182,620 39,500 260,362 830,100 22,439,191 463,986 372,024 5,379,492 4,515,300 7,359,559 2.54 9.42 20.66 5.44 14 4 16 17 Clay products — refractories. . . 3 18 Whiteware and pottery Sand and Gravel — Silica sand 19 ?0 3,613,744 3,552,391 6,789,760 18,090,361 5,000,482 1,763,612 3,348,897 1.38 .50 .49 1 21 Other sand ?? Gravel Silica and Tripoli — Ground silica 23 24 13,955,895 173,854 10,203 10,112,991 1,218,769 168,758 .72 7.01 16.54 3 1 25 Tripoli ("amorphous" silica) . . Fluorspar 1 26 27 184,057 198,789 5,851 2,043 2,153 1,387,527 6,292,789 1,263,816 306,450 1,531 7.54 31.66 216.00 150.00 .711 1 1 28 Metals — 17 29 Lead .• 15 W 22 Miscellaneous minerals 31 3? 28,199 1,571,797 117,895 4.18 Annual mineral production 33 — $337,911,551 — 5 34 35 Minerals processed, but mostly not mined, in Illinois* Coke and byproducts Packaged fuel 39, 84 37,84 84 u u a Tons u u 3,081 5,920,894 259,302 215,829 35,855 43,016,827 38,445 126,910,295 2,481,520 46,619,084 2,872,624 12.48 21.43 9.60 216.00 80.12 6 6 4 2 f 2 5 6 36 Pig iron 4 37 Sulfuric acid 2 38 39 Slab zinc (out-of-state ore) . . . Miscellaneous minerals pro- cessed «2 Total minerals processed 40 — 221,938,795 — 41 Total minerals produced and processed . . $559,850,346 — * Revised figures. a Compiled from various sources, as stated in each detailed tabic. See footnotes for each tabic. b Subject to revision, c Not available. SUMMARY OF PRODUCTION AND VALUE 13 Illinois, Sold or Used by Producers, 1943 -1945 a 1944* 1945 Quantity Value at plants Rank among states Quantity Value at plants Percent change in amount from 1944 Percent change in value Rank among states Line No. Total Av. Total Av. Amt. Val. Amt. 3 Val. 4 77,400,000 $172,602,000 $ 2.23 3 4 73,446,900 $163,786,600 b $2.23 - 5.1 - 5.1 1 77,413,000 20,000,000 13,600,000 61,351,000 133,018,000 107,500,000 1,000,000 680,000 3,870,000 4,130,000 1.39 .05 .05 .063 .031 6 14 6 3 6 15 5 3 75,210,000 b 19,000,000 b l 3, 000, 000 55,233,000 120,683,000 104,541,900 b 950,000 b 650,000 3,330,000 3,980,000 b 1.39 b .05 b .05 .06 .033 - 2.8 - 5.0 - 4.4 -10.0 - 9.3 - 2.8 - 5.0 - 4.4 -14.0 - 3.6 6 14 6 3 6 15 5 3 2 3 4 5 6 — 117,180,000 — — b 113,451,900 — — - 3.2 7 10,668,128 3,597,074 290,988 548 10,689,477 5,592,703 2,266,539 1,707,020 4,774 1.00 1.55 7.78 8.71 4 d 13 6 3 d 14 5 10,915,936 4,509,932 287,607 c 8,573 11,136,480 7,654,876 2,228,909 c 10,791 1.02 1.70 7.75 1.26 + 2.3 +25.4 - 1.2 + 4.1 +36.9 - 1.7 + 126.0 4 c 6 3 c 5 8 9 10 12 — 20,260,513 — — 21,031,056 — — + 3.8 13 188,604 42,277 200,021 737,587 500,113 390,346 4,053,387 4,258,517 6,764,620 2.65 9.23 20.26 5.77 8 3 14 4 3 169,429 43 , 664 227,755 1,123,775 510,979 403,085 4,170,977 7,486,053 6,920,883 3.02 9.23 18.31 6.66 - 10.7 + 3.3 + 13.9 + 52.4 + 2.2 + 3.3 + 2.9 + 75.8 + 2.3 8 3 14 4 c 14 15 16 17 18 — 15,966,983 — — 19,491,977 — — + 22.1 19 3,331,185 2,956,570 6,057,765 4,642,979 1,450,369 2,968,300 1.39 .49 .49 2 1 2 2,576,460 3,306,383 6,093,060 3,723,731 1,708,718 2,975,805 1.45 .49 .49 - 22.7 + 11.8 + 0.6 - 19.8 + 17.8 + 0.3 1 2 1 2 20 21 22 12,345,520 9,061,648 .73 11,975,903 8,408,254 .70 - 11.9 - 7.2 23 156,353 12,031 1,076,785 205,732 6.88 17.02 1 1 1 1 1 140,376 11,144 935,389 184,189 6.66 16.53 - 10.3 - 7.4 - 13.1 - 10.5 1 1 1 1 1 24 25 168,384 1,282,517 7.62 151,520 1,119,578 7.45 - 10.0 - 12.7 26 176,259 5,954,991 33.79 1 1 147,251 5,014,807 34.06 - 16.5 - 15.8 1 1 27 7,262 1,971 2,437 1,655,736 315,360 1,733 228.00 160.00 .711 18 14 21 18 14 21 8,235 3,327 1,748 1,894,050 572,244 1,243 230.00 172.00 .711 + 13.4 + 68.8 -28.3 + 14.4 + 81.5 - 28.3 18 c c 18 c c 28 29 30 — 1,972,829 — — 2,467,537 — — + 25.1 31 21,250 99,262 4.67 17,023 83,814 4.92 - 19.9 - 15.6 5 32 — $344,380,743 — 5 — ''$334,855,523 — — - 2.7 33 1,837 5,686,397 234,245 148,100 47,330,798 23,037 118,953,078 2,328,395 33,766,764 12.54 20.92 10.0 228.00 6 5 4 2 f 3 5 5 4 2 f 3 16,690 5,061,368 216,482 116,669 44,642,444 186,593 116,303,897 2,186,468 26,833,850 11.20 22.98 10.10 230.00 + 808 .0 - 11.0 - 7.6 - 21.2 - 5.7 +710.0 - 2.2 - 6.1 - 20.5 6 c 4 2 f 3 6 c 4 2 f 3 34 35 36 37 38 35,201 2,724,091 77.39 38,387 2,892,652 75.35 + 9.1 + 6.2 39 — 205,126,163 — — 193,045,904 — — - 5.9 40 — $549,506,906 $527,901,427 - 3.9 41 d Rank among districts — U. S. Bur. of Mines. e Other processed minerals produced in Illinois include pig lead, expanded verniiculilc, alumina, phosphates, etc., but data for them are not available. » f Rank among states for total slab zinc smelted. 14 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19J>5 Table 2. — Value of Illinois Mineral Production Summary of Annual Values, 1914-1945 a (In thousands of dollars) Year 1914 15 16 17 18 19 1920 21 22 23 24 1925 26 27 28 29 1930 31 32 33 34 1935 36 37 38 39 1940 41. 42. 43. 44 1945. Mineral production of Illinois (thousands) $117,166 114,446 146,360 234,736 271,244 213,701 373,926 254,019 244,618 282,761 235,796 231,658 237,242 180,394 188,099 182,791 148,311 108,066 71,693 74,837 89,212 96,484 117,916 133,437 130,155 215,157 287,327 333,225 341,835 ♦337,912 ♦344,381 334,855 Minerals processed, but mostly not mined, in Illinois (thousands) $ 44,843 82,871 130,082 144,754 149,740 95,077 137,228 54,136 85,820 142,131 95,506 118,702 119,642 105,099 110,622 125,516 89,303 52,014 24,385 34,786 41,405 57,038 78,693 104,359 50,482 86,324 114,814 168,338 199,281 ♦221,939 ♦205,126 193,046 Total minerals produced and processed (thousands) $162,009 197,317 276,442 379,490 420,984 308,778 511,154 308,155 330,438 424,892 331,302 350,360 356,884 285,493 298,721 308,307 237,614 160,080 96,078 109,623 130,617 153,522 196,609 237,796 180,637 301,481 402,141 501,563 541,116 ♦559,851 ♦549,507 527,901 * Revised figures. a Compiled from following sources For years 1914-1922, Incl.- 1923-1931, " - 1932-1938, " - 1939-1945, " - -U. S. Geological Survey, Mineral Resources of United States. -U. S. Bur. Mines, Mineral Resources of United States. -U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks. -Joint canvasses made by Illinois Geological Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines, and from Minerals Yearbooks. Table 3. — National Bituminous Coal Output Since 1938 a Year Tonnage output in thousands Percent increase by years Year Tonnage output in thousands Percent increase by years 1938 348,545 394,855 460,772 514,149 4-13.3 4-16.7 4-11.6 1942.. 582,693 590,177 620,000 576,000 4-13 3 1939 1943 . + 1 3 1940 1944 . 4-5 1941 1945. . - 7 Compiled from U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks, 1939-1944. U. S. Bur. Mines Weekly Coal Report No. W-C-R- 1494, March 9, 1946. Poes not include mines with annual production of less than 1,000 tons each. COAL 15 COAL Coal in 1945 — The National Picture The production of bituminous coal in 1945— an estimated output of 576,000,000 tons — declined 7 percent from the previous all-time high of 619,576,240 tons in 1944. Shortage of coal continued after the cessa- tion of hostilities, and Government controls were retained. Labor difficulties caused several interruptions to production. Accord- ing to the Bureau of Labor statistics, there were 598 strikes in coal mines. There was practically no seasonal decline in production in 1945, due largely to the Government program urging consumers to accumulate stocks during the summer. Figures for bituminous coal production since 1938 are shown in table 3. production by districts Coal production by districts is shown in table 4 for three years. Of particular inter- est are districts east of the Mississippi River which produce more than 90 percent of bituminous coal output. Although competition among producing districts in price areas is keen, there is a certain degree of market specialization among the several districts, based mainly on the characteristics of the product. Districts 2, 7, and 8 (fig. 2) supply coking coal for the blast furnaces and also a high percentage of fuel used for domestic heating. These two markets are, in a sense, complementary. Coal suitable for coking is also excellent for domestic fuel. The Table 4. — Bituminous Coal and Lignite, Production by Districts, 1943-1945 (In thousands of tons) 1943 a 1944 b 1945° Amount Percent of total Amount Percent of total Amount Percent of total Price Area 1 Dist. 1. Eastern Pennsylvania Dist. 2. Western Pennsylvania. . . Dist. 3. Northern West Virginia. . Dist. 4. Ohio 59,245 84,643 41,393 32,255 169 5,383 63,058 122,015 10.04 14.34 7.01 5.46 0.03 0.92 10.68 20.67 61,224 87,560 47,206 33,877 140 5,419 61,932 126,403 9.88 14.13 7.62 5.47 0.02 0.87 10.00 20.40 56,055 78,150 44,850 32,715 125 4,720 56,618 116,412 9.73 13.57 7.78 5 68 Dist. 5. Michigan 02 Dist. 6. Panhandle 0.82 Dist. 7. Southern Numbered 1 . . . Dist. 8. Southern Numbered 2. . . 9.83 20.21 Total — Price Area 1 408,162 15,169 72,631 25,065 2,771 69.15 2.57 12.30 4.25 0.47 423,761 19,465 76,792 27,962 2,141 68.39 3.14 12.39 4.51 0.35 389,645 19,840 72,525 25,500 2,010 67 64 Price Area 2 Dist. 9. West Kentucky 3 44 Dist. 10. Illinois 12.59 Dist. 11. Indiana 4.43 Dist. 12. Iowa 0.35 Total — Price Area 2 115,636 18,725 542,523 590,177 19.59 3.18 91.92 126,360 20,329 570,450 619,576 20.39 3.29 92.07 119,875 20,319 529,839 576,000 20.81 Price Area 3 Dist. 13. Southeastern 3.53 Total — All Eastern Districts. . . Percent of U. S. Total Total— U. S 91.98 a Revised from Chapter "Bituminous Coal and Lignite" (preprint), U. S. Bur. Mines Yearbook, 1944, with final sta- tistics for 1943. b Revised from U. S. Bur. Mines, Mineral Market Report, M. M. S. No. 1359, Nov. 19,1945. c Figure? for 1945 are preliminary, as published in U. S. Bur. Mines Weekly Coal Report, No. W. C. R. 1494, March 9, 1946. Mines with annual production less than 1,000 tons are not included. 16 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 _j o 3 => I _} 2 9 t- < = o tr o - 9= o o 2 °- u- COAL 17 e Z C »-h ^r - s H tC w oo r^ z £"3 HI D Z S Cm ^ Z u Z O ~ o z c 9 o c ^< - (11 bfl ^ >o ■"*< r^ r^ -t Tf CO CO vo OO so co co co co so o r^ t> u, 3 *-' 6^ M*o^r^ooo\ i A(7\^H-H^)ooor<'*-*cS'*r>-M(Nr^cN I SO i CJ oN'vOri>^^'*oo(7\Ontonr^ i ^i'rivovonon vo rt oo 2* < a ex T-t I— 1 1— 1 oonoo>onitcO'H > 0'*oona\^osnoo'*rt>o-4Tt<\D Q •d'i c "f oo c CN»OOsOOO^O'vDit'*OOChi"*'*'*OONOO)ONCO^ CN C , — i (J O Mvooi^o-inovoa\vO'tMi , ^t^cs-HT}(rt^o\r^ cs w-> r^ oo ^h -^ as rjH Tf r- ca ~^ co vo cj> rj- 1 oo \o »o ^^ co r^ oo ' SO £"« 3 r~^ O T3 *-> vo O c -HM^n vn *- 1 ^o on o r-» cooMcNooa ( -*<^ > ooo'Ocschr^^cocs^Tt-o co as Tj- 1 tjh >o tjh i-i w-> * OO OO vO i— i OO O -"f OO so On >-h r~- CS OO ' SO o c o'^Ot^-CN ^" ^"oo CO i-h Os ^H CN CN so oor^ CN^h oo Oh vo i CL) bfl *-• S£ cot^-'*ooasTjHcO'-HOOTj-ir~-Tj-'ooo^ , ooco'* | coasTt-ncooocoocOi— i'*'*l v -Ooo'^OscS'*a\r- lOoovorj" xsoosxoot^csaias^rH-^TjHsoso-^oo^xn^ost^ r~- o x T s o £ "- 1 J3 .2 00 c ^so woor^sO'- ioasOco v o u ocoso»^coas^ooo u o v o Cj> cj O so^-h so"o"^ -^"o o"o cn a o ^ cn u-> as r^^o r>- vo cn co i asvoooco'^cNO'sO'-HvocNvooo^or^r^'— icovOi— ir^i— i CNTfCNOO \OsOOcOVOCNCNCNOOCNi— it^so^HCO OO ' ^_T -3 , 3 oo Q 3 H3 c r~- z l k 2 Oh as oo r^ vo •* co "f so i— 1 1— i tjh ,— i ^h ^h CN CN "f CN vo p o «— ( oo W u ^ i 5 rt oo «J aj O CN Tj-i vo OsCNOsvovo O COCO OO rt SO rt o u o VO > w p c cd CJ -rH £.2 -r aft Tt'-oO oo CN Os ' CO ^C VO P < 4-1 O Ih aj 5 % bfi r^ vo vo o as so y— i r^ so co soo i o'*oci o\o t— t^oc s z +-• < a3 htJ tvDir vo z o 3 3 OOCOt-iCO S0 0\0'i , t0s * ^FHrHOOTt< CNIOS Ttooa rJH _c Tj 4_) OssOsOO 'cOsOvosOCNtJH OOOOOO 'O0--H ^-oc^ CO oo o k. 3 £"^3 rtOnn |vocOCD>sOCNr- iOhM^OOO 1 OO i*>Ots 1 oo 00 Ih *h ^Ht^sovo OMNos^Ot^ooooxnnr-- vo r^coo vo c < ex ex ^H ^H ^H T-H r^ ^H CNCNt-H r-*r-« r-H r^p^r-H 1-1 CNr-^O^ CO^^t^D^Ot^OOI^OOCN vo 0\iO\0 ■O c Os-^fOco i-Hooooor^Tfir-HOcoooor^ as oooocn r-> a o 00 cccO'H'H sor^vor^oor— ih^soo^n oo ooco-^ 1 CO "C u O OCOOCO iTtH^O^OOQ^^Or^r-VOOOTl-lr-H . T-H , H«0 1 oo w 3 CNTfrlCO^O O rH [N T)< MM rH rl l^ SO H 1^ O0 ^ ^ | o> T3 4H vOt-hOOvC 't— i-OsOOOs'— ivoCNsOOO 'iO ' sD^ oo O Ih 3 ©CNOnt-h t-ht-h vor^'* 1 T-H OO r-HCN 8 Oh r-I CN O »-I cn co CN CN CN CN ^2 .OS « s| w o CJ S . a o ft *o- 35 " ^i S-Sw 18 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 Scale of Ml lea IO O IO SO SO 40 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Fig. 3. — Map of Illinois showing location of principal coal mining districts and coal beds mined. Names of districts and coal beds mined are listed on p. 19. COAL 19 Map. No. 1 2 3 4 Principal Coal Mining Districts and the Principal Coal Beds Mined (See Fig. 3) Mining District Coal Beds Mined Wilmington / Lon^wall JLaSalle (No. 2) LaSalle, or Third Vein} g {LaSalle (No. 2) Rock Island-Mercer (abandoned) Rock Island (No. 1 Fulton-Peoria Herrin (No. 6) Fulton-Peoria Springfield (No. 5) Springfield Springfield (No. 5) Danville Danville (No. 7) Danville Grape Creek Southwestern Illinois a) Standard Herrin (No. 6) b) Belleville Herrin (No. 6) c) DuQuoin Herrin (No. 6) Centralia Herrin (No. 6) Murphysboro or Big Muddy (abandoned) Murphysboro Franklin-Williamson Herrin (No. 6) Franklin-Williamson Harrisburg (No. 5) Saline County Herrin (No. 6) Saline County Harrisburg (No. 5) small sizes and screenings are therefore absorbed by the coking coal market, and the prepared sizes find a ready outlet for domes- tic fuel over a large area. Districts 3, 4, 6, and 9 (fig. 2) market one-third or more of their output as railroad fuel, whereas the remaining districts distrib- ute their output among manufacturing industries, utilities, railroads, and retail yards. Shipments from principal competitive fields into the Illinois coal market area are shown in table 6. Cumulative Coal Production Table 8 shows cumulative coal produc- tion, by counties, for the period 1882-1945, as compiled from the Annual Coal Reports of the Department of Mines and Minerals with an estimate of total production in the state for the period 1833-1881. Sixty- eight counties have a recorded production during this period. Eleven of these coun- ties produced more than 100 million tons, the highest recorded production being from Franklin County with a total of 385,323,- 218 tons. The eleven leading counties, in order of output are given in table 9. Table 6. — Production in Districts with Large All-Rail Shipments to the Upper Mississippi Valley, 1941-1945 a (In thousands of tons) Districts 7 and 8 West Virginia, Kentucky, Virginia Districts 9, 10, 11 Illinois, Indiana, Western Kentucky Illinois Amount Index Amount Index Amount Index 1941 169,148 184,279 183,711 186,583 173,030 100 109 109 110 102 88,934 102,460 113,015 123,450 117,865 100 116 127 139 124 54,703 63,750 72,430 76,960 72,525 100 1942 117 1943 133 1944 139 1945 126 a Compiled from U. S. Bur. Mines Weekly Coal Reports. Does not include mines with annual production less than 1,000 tons each. 20 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 %5 Table 7. — Bituminous Coal Production in the United States, by States, 1940-1945 a - b (In thousands of tons) 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Alabama Alaska Arkansas and Oklahoma. . . Colorado Georgia and North Carolina Illinois' 1 Indiana Iowa Kansas and Missouri Kentucky: Eastern Western Maryland Michigan Montana New Mexico North and South Dakota. . . Ohio ..... Pennsylvania (bituminous) . Tennessee Texas Utah. Virginia Washington West Virginia: Southern Northern Wyoming Other States Total 15,324 174 3,100 6,589 42 51,872 18,869 3,231 6,676 40,346 8,795 1,503 410 2,867 1,111 2,284 22,772 116,603 6,008 621 3,576 15,348 1,650 [ 126, 438 5,808 17 462,034 15,464 239 3,345 6,949 40 55,366 22,484 2,939 7,153 42,130 11,580 1,701 311 254 251 380 29,319 130,240 7,045 353 4,077 18,441 1,841 140,250 6,646 15 19,301 261 4,372 8,086 31 65,746 25,388 2,948 7,750 48 , 800 13,431 2,001 231 3,829 1,669 2,591 32,764 144,073 8,158 304 5,517 20,136 1,953 155,882 8,133 13 17,160 289 4,556 8,324 14 73,345 25,065 2,771 7,747 48,042 15,169 1,933 169 4,833 1,851 2,500 32,255 141,050 7,179 153 6,666 20,280 1,528 158,804 9,155 53 18,995 352 4,710 8,110 21 77,400 28,140 2,690 8,140 49,887 18,350 1,960 160 880 795 520 33,940 148,800 7,400 130 7,120 19,900 1,515 111,080 52,765 9,665 15 514,813 583,368 590,891 620,440 18,737 300 4,600 7,668 32 73,447 25,500 2,010 6,995 48,035 19,840 1,765 125 4,550 1,500 2,523 32,715 131,650 6,600 108 6,644 18,105 1,376 101,840 50,360 9,890 7 576,922 a Compiled from the following sources: For Illinois — Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals, Annual Coal Reports. For all other states— 1940-1944, inclusive. U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks, 1944, and Weekly Coal Report, No. W.C.R. 1494, March 9, 1946. Figures for Illinois include production of all mines. Those for other stales exclude mines having annual production of less than 1,000 tons each. Production of small mines in Illinois is included in "Total" in this table. b Includes lignite. c The states reporting are not identical from year to year. Coal in the Eastern Interior Basin Table 10 shows coal production in the Eastern Interior coal basin for the years 1939-1945 inclusive. The production his- tory of these three competitive districts in Illinois, Indiana, and western Kentucky and the contribution of each to the total production of the Eastern Interior basin from 1913 to 1942 is shown in table 4 of Report of Investigations No. 94, page 17. Although the war ended during 1945, Illinois coal output continued at high levels and increased its percentage of contribution to the Mississippi Valley market area. Coal Distribution in the Upper Mississippi Valley upper mississippi valley market area The Upper Mississippi Valley coal mar- ket area comprises the states of Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Mis- souri, and the eastern Dakotas and Kansas. In this area is marketed coal from the East- COAL 21 Table 8. — Total Production of Coal by Counties from 1882 to 1945, Inclusive* County Production Adams 46,186 Bond 7,355,569 Brown 55,367 Bureau 47,267,386 Calhoun 96,247 Cass 212,477 Christian 150,180,318 Clinton 36,328,501 Coles 198,932 Crawford 44,786 Edgar 785,648 Effingham 796 Franklin 385,323,218 Fulton 121,537,659 Gallatin 3,756,319 Greene 620,719 Grundy 39,337,772 Hamilton 22,407 Hancock 372,410 Hardin 40 Henry 16,485,086 Jackson 70,049,692 Jasper 23,739 Jefferson 4,151,967 Jersey 118,624 Johnson 242,109 Kankakee 1,948,786 Knox 15,882,816 La Salle 64,846,878 Livingston 10,052,042 Logan 13,829,369 Macon 10,977,160 Macoupin 233,965,910 McDonough 2,632,090 McLean 5,544,139 Madison 143,050,677 Marion 37,294,035 Marshall 12,511,946 County Production Menard 13,111,923 Mercer 14,992,480 Monroe 8 , 284 Montgomery 73,632,128 Morgan 177,223 Moultrie 2,032,236 Peoria 61,021,205 Perry 122,074,424 Pike 5,081 Pope 1,562 Putnam 10,071 , 893 Randolph 50,911,475 Richland 154 Rock Island 3,844,052 St. Clair 193,112,237 Saline 155,680,162 Sangamon 221,852,822 Schuyler 2,336,276 Scott 612,476 Shelby 4,118,804 Stark 1,226,214 Tazewell 17,142,077 Vermilion 142,409,679 Wabash 186,144 Warren 666, 630 Washington 16,260,430 White 1,676,741 Will 29,041,473 Williamson 254,491 , 819 Woodford 7,740,232 Total (1882-1945;. 2,837,587,848 Estimated Production (1833-1881) 73,386,123 Total Production (1833-1945) 2,910,973,971 Illinois State Dept. of Mines and Minerals in conjunction with Illinois State Geological Survey. ern Interior coal field in the states of Illi- nois, Indiana, and western Kentucky, and coal from the Appalachian districts of Penn- sylvania, West Virginia, Virginia, eastern Kentucky, and Ohio. Coal is distributed by rail, rail-lake, rail-river, and truck. The coal requirements of the Upper Mississippi Valley include fuel for domestic heating, fuel for general industrial purposes, fuel for rail transportation, and coal for the manu- facture of metallurgical coke. Competitive conditions among coals from the several producing districts in the Appalachian fields and in the Eastern Interior districts of Illi- nois, Indiana, and western Kentucky vary Table 9. — -Counties of More Than 100 Million Tons Output from 1882 to 1945, Inclusive Franklin 385,323,218 Williamson 254,491,819 Macoupin 233,965,910 Sangamon 221,852,822 St. Clair 193,112,237 Saline 155,680,162 Christian 150,180,318 Madison 143,050,677 Vermilion 142,409,679 Perry 122,074,424 Fulton 121,537,659 Total, 11 counties 2,123,678,925 Total, all counties of the state. . . 2 , 837 , 587 , 848 Percent produced by 11 counties 74.8 22 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 Table 10. — Production of Bituminous Coal in the Eastern Interior Coal Field, 1939-1945 a (In thousands of tons) Year Illinois Indiana West Kentucky Total Amount Percent 15 Amount Percent 15 Amount Percent 15 1939 46,783 50,610 54,703 65,071 72,631 76,960 72,525 65.0 65.3 61.5 62.6 64.3 62.4 61.6 16,943 18,869 22,484 25,388 25,065 28,140 25,500 23.5 24.1 25.3 24.5 22.2 22.8 21.6 8,291 8,795 11,747 13,431 15,169 18,350 19,840 11.5 11.2 13.2 12.9 13.5 14.8 16.8 72,017 1940 78,274 1941 88,934 1942 103,890 1943 112,865 1944 123,450 1945 117,865 a Compiled from U. S. Bur. of Mines Minerals Yearbooks, 1939-1943 and Weekly Coal Reports Nos. 1442, March 10, 1945, and 1494, March 9, 1946. Does not include mines with annual production of less than 1,000 tons each. Figures for years 1913-193 8 are found in Report of Investigations No. 94, page 17, table 4, 111. Geol. Survey. b Percent of total in Eastern Interior coal field. from the keenly competitive struggle in the industrial and railroad fuel markets to the less competitive conditions in the domestic fuel trade and the limited competition in the hy-product coal demand. The distribution of coal from ten coal producing districts into the markets of the Upper Mississippi Valley is accomplished by all-rail, rail-lake, rail-river, and truck haul. 800 700 600 in 500 Z o 4 00 -J ^ 300 200 t£ 1883-1892 1893-1902 1903-1912 1913-1922 1923-1932 1933-1942 Fig. 4. — Illinois coal production by ten-year periods, 1883-1942. COAL 23 eo 40 SO 60 20 Z 140 O 2 120 80 Fulton Co. inn Macoupin Co. ll St. Clair Co ll Bureau Co. Jli Sanqamon Co. 3 Madison Co. J_l b Peoria Co ■■■■II Christian Co. ^U Franklin Co. -* * 1 LaSalle Co. ■■■■■■ Vermilion Co. Williamson Co. m CM (M rvj cm CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM (M ni CM CM nl ni (M CM nj O o — r\j CO ■<* o» O CM o «* 0> o — ni •n •<* o> o 5 ni rO * 5 O) 0) CO 0> 00 2> 2? £> g* CO 2> a> 5 • CO 2? g> g> r0 I en n "1 "1 en CO n in n O CO CO n n co n CO oo ff> o — CM o CO o> o CM CO o> o CM CO CO C*> o — CM CO co co O) en 0> a» CO co CT) » a> CO CO O) O) © o> CO 00 en o> o-i Fig. 5. — Production of Illinois coal in representative counties in northern, southern, central and Belleville districts, by ten-year periods, 1883—1942. APPALACHIAN COAL MOVEMENT Coal from Appalachian producing dis- tricts is shipped to the Upper Mississippi Valley by all-rail haul and by rail-lake haul via lower Lake Erie ports. The heaviest contributors to the Upper Mississippi mar- ket are the fields in West Virginia and east- ern Kentucky. Virginia, although a small producing state, ships considerable quanti- ties into the Upper Mississippi Valley mar- ket. Shipments of coal from Pennsylvania and Ohio by all-rail routes are only minor, and by rail-lake are less important than the shipments from the West Virginia and east- ern Kentucky fields. Coal production in Pennsylvania, northern West Virginia, the Panhandle and Ohio is used, in the main, in the industrial districts of western Pennsyl- vania and eastern Ohio and do not enter greatly into the markets of the Upper Mis- sissippi Valley. Shipments of coal by rail-haul (exclusive of railroad fuel), the origin and destination of coal shipped on the lakes, receipts of lake 24 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 '45 Table 11. — Origin and Destination of Revenue Railroad Shipments of Coal from (Exclusive of non- (In Origin Destination: Chicago District Illinois 15 (other) Mil- waukee Wis- consin (other) Council Bluffs Iowa (other) 1944 Western Pennsylvania Central Pennsylvania, Somerset-Myersdale Cumberland-Piedmont Fairmont, West Virginia Northern and Eastern Ohio Southern Ohio Kanawha, Logan, Kenova-Thacker New River-Winding Gulf, Pocahontas- Tug River Northeastern Kentucky Virginia Hazard, Harlan, Southern Appalachians . . Ex-river coal Northern Illinois Central and Southern Illinois Indiana Western Kentucky Grand Total 779 19,089 44,391 6,790 7,956 2,300,417 7,687,840 3,124,223 299,815 2,677,139 13,276 760,017 7,498,802 3,027,145 1,046,862 28,514,541 29,332 7,419 10,303 485 196,177 431,662 121,772 42,168 420,785 5,087,769 14,605,898 1,475,604 428,312 22,848,686 149 1,834 6,932 154,355 1,461 261 103 140,221 274,953 1,122 581,391 10,149 3,187 45,844 559,747 24,887 59,456 52,087 123,751 1,876,113 821,620 164,597 3,741,438 30 294 215 154 98 112,079 31,182 4,917 148,969 13,153 2,411 176,445 68,335 160,887 13,766 539,583 1,722,852 2,498,736 577,047 261,474 6,034,689 1945 Western Pennsylvania Central Pennsylvania, Somerset-Myersdale Cumberland-Piedmont Fairmont, West Virginia i Northern and Eastern Ohio Southern Ohio Kanawha, Logan, Kenova-Thacker New River-Winding Gulf, Pocahontas-Tug River Northeastern Kentucky and McRoberts. . . Virginia Hazard, Harlan, Southern Appalachian . . . Ex-river coal Northern Illinois Central and Southern Illinois Indiana Western Kentucky Grand Total 48,908 15,541 40,251 1,625 5,805 1,463,138 5,710,337 2,358,981 253,195 1,614,198 3,390 457,548 6,124,829 2,735,638 1,080,865 21,914,249 20,686 4,475 5,054 418 144,017 353,586 69,647 29,083 244,883 4,277,451 12,719,808 1,295,978 451,600 19,616,686 101 468 11,467 105,055 2,387 684 102 5,383 136,786 209,022 7,632 479,087 184 790 26,708 447,545 21,393 45,322 31,933 107,949 1,527,914 708,300 184,721 3,112,759 300 155 49 51 302 58,019 208 6,288 65,372 9,796 1,145 98,876 50,344 97,594 8,168 283,941 1,579,903 2,513,872 578,714 278,792 5,501,145 a Data from U. S. Bureau of Mines, Monthly Coal Distribution Reports, 1944 and 1945. b Includes Davenport, Iowa, for shipments from Ohio and the Crescent, and includes Davenport, Bettendorf, and Iowanna Iowa, for shipments from Illinois, Indiana, and western Kentucky, excluding East St. Louis, 111. c Includes Omaha and South Omaha, Nebraska. COAL 25 Illinois, Indiana, Western Kentucky, and the Appalachian Fields in 1944 and 1945' revenue railroad fuel) tons) St. Louis d Kansas City e St. Joseph f Missouri (other) Kansas Ne- braska Minne- sota South Dakota North Dakota Total Per- cent of total 1944 — — — — — — — — — 30,111 — 50,305 758 660 54 195 1,306 1,164 1,468 6,805 443 652 — 112,544 63,381 7,275 .2 .1 312,888 = 94 232 — 406 16,393 399 — 7,956 3,056,521 4.2 616,372 2,027 126,966 23,029 34 — 53 665 123 51 112 659 1,643 84,472 16,067 7,193 25,746 5,260 1,550 700 1,178 — 9,608,527 3,453,584 550,378 3,742,112 13,276 7,746,001 35,596,149 6,373,216 2,064,275 13.3 4.8 .8 5.1 5,243,887 13,977 37,474 248 288,140 2,566 38,494 1,054 2,275,844 838 56,251 89,808 500 20,622 241,437 6,639 2,774 26,877 577,183 134,873 43,327 11,713 108,934 6,272 15,629 573 1,536 10.7 49.1 8.8 2.9 6,427,683 291,702 38,783 2,336,243 91,646 275,760 939,379 152,287 2,109 72,425,306 100.0 1945 36 — — — — — — — — 69,630 .1 35,329 853 127 803 274 947 971 987 6,284 157 556 — 83,548 51,718 2,270 5,805 2,034,053 .1 .1 281,166 — — 97 109 339 6,827 344 — 3.4 469,518 828 96,615 15,007 — — 302 769 52 115 336 564 73,950 11,825 5,520 13,176 4,470 1,335 507 461 — 7,215,274 2,564,326 439,143 2,205,085 3,390 6,462,973 30,816,494 5,700,216 2,183,713 12.2 4.3 .7 3.7 4,551,281 10,975 35,989 126,699 5,633 53 24,956 747 2,008,513 8,963 46,680 142,281 239 160,215 6,259 5,752 20,375 619,921 137,448 74,285 13,023 101,073 3,023 9,372 327 55 1,737 10.8 51.5 9.5 3.6 5,497,724 133,135 25,283 2,067,018 143,413 174,806 969,768 134,164 2,119 59,836,728 100.0 d Includes East St. Louis, Illinois. e Includes Kansas City, Kansas. f Includes Atchison and Leavenworth, Kansas. 26 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 191*5 Table 12.— Origin of Lake Cargo Coal from Appalachian Fields, 1942-1945 (In thousands of tons) From Ohio . Pennsylvania Moundsville, West Virginia Fairmont, Cumberland, Piedmont Southern West Virginia — low volatile. . Southern West Virginia — high volatile . Eastern Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia Total 1942 s 1943 1 1944 b 1945' 171 305 358 420 160 14,746 9,295 4,682 8,409 406 2,357 14,256 8,653 8,692 4,995 10,568 395 3,283 10,797 13,902 11,551 4,322 9,601 357 3,288 10,021 12,281 11,438 49,455 47,455 55,491 51,308 a U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Report No. 147, June 13, 1944. b U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Report No. 159, April 16, 1945. c U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Report No. 171, April 1, 1946. Table 13. — Lake Cargo Shipments and Receipts of Coal at Upper Lake Docks, 1934-1945 a (In thousands of tons) Bituminous coal loaded into vessels at Lake Erie ports Receipts at Year Lake Superior ports Lake Michigan ports 5 Total receipts 1934 34,869 34,730 44,011 43,645 34,173 39,837 46,548 49,733 47,815 46,059 53,981 49,901 8,023 6,829 9,358 9,115 6,614 6,515 6,991 8,356 8,108 9,455 9,417 8,316 4,535 4,043 5,114 4,822 3,758 4,229 4,436 4,830 5,068 4,982 5,277 5,242 12,558 1935 10,872 1936 14,472 1937 13,937 1938 10,372 1939 10,744 1940 11,427 1941 13,186 1942 13,176 1943 14,437 1944 14,694 1945 13,558 a U. S. Bur. Mines, Monthly Coal Distribution Reports. b Ports on Lake Michigan north of Waukegan. cargo coal, and shipments of coal from Illi- nois and western Kentucky to Chicago for lake shipments are shown in tables 11 to 14. Shipments of coal from Illinois and west- ern Kentucky fields over Lake Michigan through the port of Chicago declined sharply in 1945 as compared with the previous year. This indicates a resumption of competition from Appalachian fields. PATTERN OF COAL DISTRIBUTION AND CONSUMPTION IN THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY Coal consumption in the states of the Upper Mississippi Valley for the year end- ing June 30, 1945, was approximately 182 million tons. This is allocated to the sev- eral major markets, as shown in summary table 15. Some railroad fuel from Appalachian fields is, no doubt, also used in this area but there is no way of determining the quantity. The Upper Mississippi Valley draws its fuel requirements from widely distributed coal producing districts in the northern Appalachians, the southern Appalachians, and the interior coal fields in Illinois, Indi- ana, western Kentucky and Iowa. Two factors play an important role in forming the pattern of coal distribution in this large COAL 27 Table 14. — Lake Shipments of Coal from the Eastern Interior Basin, 1945 a - b Month January . . February. . March. . . . April May June July August . . . September . October. . . November . December. Total. . . West Kentucky Illinois Total 88,365 95,452 135,292 141,056 28,653 26,950 8,358 524,126 6,552 23,991 20,439 15,097 11,873 17,510 28,562 9,638 133,662 657,788 6,552 88,365 119,443 155,731 156,153 40,526 44,460 36,920 9,638 a U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Reports Nos. 161-172 inclusive. 1945. b No shipments from Indiana. Table 15. — Summary of Ascertainable Uses of All Coals in the Upper Mississippi Valley for the Year Ending June 30, 1945 Tons Coal used as industrial fuel 64,327,124 Coal shipped to retail yards 51, 367 , 862 Coal used for by-product ovens 21,768,563 Coal produced in Illinois, a Indiana, and Iowa, and used for railroad fuel. 33,280,945 Coal shipped in trucks 9,276,333 Coal used at the mine 1 , 323 , 223 Coal used by private railways 633,254 Smithing coal 44,729 Miscellaneous 268,487 Total 182,290,520 a It is impossible to allocate railroad fuel consumption by states. The above figure represents the amount of rail- road fuel produced in Illinois, Indiana, and Iowa, which is presumed to be used by railroads in the Upper Mississippi Valley. Table 16. — Summary of Shipments of Bituminous Coal into the Upper Mississippi Valley, July 1, 1944 to June 30, 1945 a (In tons) Producing area and district Uses Mode of haul Industrial fuel Percent 6.8 19.1 62.0 5.7 6.4 73.4 Retail yards Percent 1,286,720 10,808 2.5 1,297,528 19,910,769 385,123 39.5 20,295,892 17,888,177 3,042 34.7 17,891,219 4,743,732 9.2 43,829,398 7,139,482 14.1 51,367,862 13,320,480 30.4 By- product Percent Northern Appalachian (Producing districts 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 — See Fig. 6) All-rail. Lake. . . Total Southern Appalachian (Producing districts 7 and 8) Total All-rail. Lake. . . Eastern Interior (Producing districts 9, 10, and ID All-rail. Lake. . . Total. Alabama and West of Mississippi River (Producing districts, 12, 13, 14, 15) Total Source unknown. All-rail. All-rail. Lake. . . Grand Total . . . Illinois shipments. 1,436,545 2,938,176 4,374,729 7,127,151 5,058,695 12,185,846 39,807,224 28,107 39,835,331 3,654,505 52,025,545 4,276,881 64,327,124 27,876,715 78,701 1,235,068 1,313,769 9,731,8 9,773,444 19,505,312 372,692 2,887 10,186,148 573,903 21,768,563 307,742 6.0 1.6 2.6 2.6 a Source: Bituminous Coal Distribution, Year Ended June 30, 1945, U. S. Bur. Mine ? , M.M.S. No. 1588. March, 1946. 28 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 c •;a" w BITUMINOUS COAL PRODUCTION DISTRICTS EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER 100 200 300 MILES Fig. 6. market area — the rail-lake transportation system and facilities, and secondly, the large requirements for coking coal. COAL CONSUMPTION BY MAJOR USES AND SOURCES The origin and major uses (exclusive of railway fuel) of coal in the Upper Missis- sippi Valley, delivered by all-rail haul and by rail-lake is shown in table 16. This table shows the tonnages of coal shipped from each group of producing districts and the market in which the coal was used, together with the percentages supplied by all-rail haul for each of the uses. The tonnages received by lake haul could not be differen- COAL 29 LEGEND SHIPPING MINES • UNDERGROUND ■•• STRIP LOCAL MINES O UNDERGROUND -©• STRIP — ' BOUNDARY OF COAL MEASURES Fig. 7. — Map of Illinois showing location of shipping coal mines, and local mines having annual production of 5,000 tons or more. 30 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19J>5 70 60 A / \ / \ / ~~ -/\\ / £ 50 O / \ YtOTAL ILLINOIS / / \ \\ / / / O en 40 z o -I _l ^30 \ \ \\ / ***», / / i _ » i i i \ \ \ \ \ \ \ y / y \ \ \ / / / / i \ ^-TOTAL / / 20 / / / i \ \ JNDERGF *OUND / / / / \ '^-UNDERGROUND ( MECHANICALLY LOADED] 1 1 / / \ \ ^- «*» ^UNDERGROUND / \ \ x ,^' y (HAND LOADED) ^ 10 / / \ '' / i i -STRIP 1 MINED 1 1 i i i i 1928 '30 "32 *34 '36 % 38 '40 '42 *44 Mi Fig. 8. — Annual production of Illinois coal, classified by mining methods, 1928-1945. tiated as to districts of origin. This table (No. 16) discloses the small percentage of fuel supplied to the Upper Mississippi Val- ley by producing districts 1, 2, 4, and 6, that is the northern Appalachian fields (fig- 6). Industrial fuel demands are supplied most heavily by the coal producing districts 9, 10, 11 (see fig. 6), of which District 10, Illi- nois, alone supplies 43 percent. In coal supplied to retail yards, in which is included coal for small commercial and industrial establishments as well as coal for domestic heating, the northern Appalachian fields made an even smaller contribution than for industrial fuel. On the other hand, the southern Appalachian districts supplied nearly 40 percent of the coal sold to retail yards. This large shipment must be inter- preted in connection with the predominant position of these districts in the by-product coal market of the steel centers of Illinois and Indiana. The prepared sizes of coal sold to the retail trade and the run-of-mine and screenings sold to the coking industry are joint products of the same operation. The production of one brings about the production of the other. Hence, it is advan- tageous to develop markets for the prepared sizes that are, in a sense, by-products of the COAL 31 coking coal output. These markets are found in the domestic fuel requirements of the Chicago district, in eastern Wisconsin, and in Minnesota. It should be noted that shipments over the lakes from southern Appalachian districts are mainly for indus- trial and by-product fuel and not for do- mestic fuel. Two factors enter into this dis- tribution pattern. The rail-lake haul results in severe degradation and loss of merchant- able coal of domestic grade. This degrada- tion is not of such significance in coal used for industrial purposes as in the by-product oven. The second factor forming all-rail haul for the domestic sizes of coal is the ultimate destination of fuel for domestic use. In the case of the Chicago market, the coal is destined, not to the lake front as in the group of heavy fuel-using indus- tries in the southern part of the Chicago industrial district, but to the outlying resi- dential districts southwest, west and north- west of Chicago. A rail-lake haul would involve unloading at Chicago ports and an additional rail haul. These several trans- fers and separate coal hauls from mine to consumers bin, together with the severe degradation entailed, would erase any pos- sible economies achieved by water transpor- tation on this particular grade of fuel. This, however, is not the case for markets as far north as eastern Wisconsin cities and the market supplied out of Duluth. The by-product fuel used in the Upper Mississippi Valley comes almost exclusively from the southern Appalachian districts. Although production of this class of fuel in the northern fields amounted to 48 million tons during this period compared with 39 million tons in the southern fields, the out- put of the northern fields is absorbed almost entirely by the coke ovens in Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio, and do not enter the lake states market to a great extent. The disposal of Illinois coal for the man- ufacture of metallurgical coke is small but marks the beginning of a market which is expected to expand. Table 17 shows coal produced in three coal producing states in the Upper Missis- sippi Valley, of which the destination is not known. The geography of production is such that it is reasonable to assume that most of it is used by consumers in the Upper Mississippi Valley. The most significant item upon which there is some doubt is the movement into and out of the territory of coal used for railroad fuel. To a smaller degree this may also be said of coal distrib- uted by truck. Table 17. — Coal Produced and Shipped from Mines in Illinois, Indiana, and Iowa, for Specific Markets, for Year Ending June 30, 1945 a (In tons) Market From Illinois Indiana Iowa Total Railroad fuel, U. S. and Canada 23,806,512 5,822,535 336,940 202,335 127,738 1,148,075 9,256,143 1,855,104 231,253 100,619 505,516 156,863 218,290 697,190 333,311 10,262 18,285 33,280,945 Truck 8,374,829 Estimated truck production not reported 901,504 Destination and use unknown 313,216 633,254 Used at the mine 1,323,223 Total 31,444,135 12,105,498 1,277,338 44,826,971 aSource: Bituminous Coal Distribution, Year Ended June 30, 1945, U. S. Bur. Mines, M.M.S., No. 1388, March, 1946. 32 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 Table 18. — Sources of Coal Shipped to Three Important Consumer Groups in the Upper Mississippi Valley, for Year Ending June 30, 1945 (Net tons) Producing District 1 2 3 4 5 7 Consuming area Industrial 2,324 654 51,040 104 5,240 10,282 4,517 268,398 11,233 17,301 133,514 10,084 46 1,092 233 26,245 879,186 3,026 12,026 65,985 Indiana 91,962 Michigan Wisconsin 115,322 5,860 392 Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota . . . South Dakota.. . . 41 1,282 99 Total 59,362 11,148 1,939 10,239 18,028 283,197 95 536 17,413 173,270 38,691 34,023 117,068 11,382 12,640 2,102 908,690 7,752 46,984 383,257 454 2,605 463 157 12,026 29,744 280,943 Retail yards Illinois 3,707,350 Indiana Michigan Wisconsin 979,843 3,531,686 664,824 55,569 Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota . . . South Dakota. . . 81,306 319,772 380 5,534 Total 41,354 18,044 454 60,925 215,906 1,059 2,435 441,672 13,828 29,744 9,346,264 By-product coal Illinois 1,394,633 Indiana 2,451,149 Michigan Wisconsin Iowa Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota. . . South Dakota.. . . 149,945 2,559 125,843 Total — 61,379 3,494 13,828 — 4,124,129 Tables 18 and 19 give the shipments of coal, in detail, from individual producing districts to states in the Illinois coal market area, for three principal groups of consum- ers. In table 19, shipment of coal over the lakes, the source of coal is given wherever obtainable. The source of the coal was not reported for about 12 million tons of coal shipped from Upper Lake docks to inland markets. COAL 33 Table 18. — Continued Producing District 8 9 10 11 12 13 Consuming area Industrial Illinois 350,809 1,513,405 4,943,859 15,078 2,400 1,469 19,188 181,659 506,381 7,139 127,275 46,061 24,297 66,221 413 3,390 7,507 19,268,372 1,687,700 177,309 1,782,366 1,987,157 870,631 1,951,582 60,304 91,294 2,259,029 7,331,641 62,095 900,604 290,283 109,926 3,332 3,256 565,918 Indiana Michigan Wisconsin Iowa — Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota . . . South Dakota.. . . 438 Total 6,846,208 1,837,321 3,896,563 3,974,131 125,155 586,977 41,114 100,781 1,437 1,026 970,343 632,128 260,714 33,681 22,472 257,093 31,912 15,004 7,778 170 3,975 27,876,715 7,334,764 222,409 205,615 517,907 2,422,206 312,766 2,085,402 171,279 425 47,707 10,960,166 1,284,010 1,530,584 44,186 63,373 349,640 23,639 5,090 1,542 706 565,918 141,805 228 9,549 159 438 Retail yards Illinois Indiana Michigan Wisconsin Iowa — Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota . . . South Dakota.. . . 1,769 Total By-product coal Illinois 10,564,505 1,711,409 3,333,584 251,438 32,202 42,629 235,212 1,265 1,264,927 13,320,480 297,566 9,685 491 3,302,770 45,375 19,575 151,741 2,887 1,769 Indiana Michigan Wisconsin Iowa Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota . . . South Dakota.. . . — Total 5,607,739 — 307,742 64,950 2,887 — 34 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 Table 18. — Concluded Producing District 14 15 16-23 Total Via Lakes Grand Total Consuming area Industrial Illinois 773 19,941 1,993 46,027 2,672 922 515 65,278 11,279 1,326,450 494,072 11,842 577 47,057 158,846 713,339 186,566 22,151,214 11,179,806 6,649,888 2,844,397 2,978,053 1,066,693 3,420,852 716,406 716,729 301,387 74,302 7,398,391 3,561,512 865 1,228,745 28,794 9,250 22,225,516 Indiana Michigan Wisconsin Iowa 11,179,896 14,048,279 6,405,909 2,978,918 Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota . . South Dakota.. . . 2,295,438 3,420,852 716,406 745,523 310,637 Total 72,328 191 98,648 52,650 647,391 184,756 29,253 1,909,436 206,213 414 1,089,869 412,543 8,739 1,106,385 27,243 56,281 1,012 652,829 927,339 194,851 52,025,425 14,853,450 6,973,595 8,347,020 1,405,567 4,160,639 602,875 4,293,667 1.432,703 927,934 291,948 12,301,859 78,169 1,161,391 3,669,236 115,638 2,068,825 5,047 175,335 335,932 64,327,284 Retail yards 14,931,619 Indiana 6,973,595 Michigan Wisconsin Iowa 9,508,411 5,074,803 4,276,277 Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota . . . South Dakota . . . 2,671,700 4,293,667 1,437,750 1,103,269 627,880 Total 1,012,889 1,717,778 1,859,555 43,289,398 3,448,983 5,785,187 477,195 54,212 57,760 361,546 1,265 7,609,573 2,063,551 4,190,936 3,392,981 1,487,026 447,921 50,898,971 By-product coal Illinois 5,512,534 9,976,123 Michigan Wisconsin Iowa 3,870,176 1,541,238 57,760 Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota . . . South Dakota.. . . 447,921 8,784 1,265 Total 10,186,148 11,582,415 21,415,801 Source: Bituminous Coal Distribution, Year Ended June 30, 1945, U. S. Bur. Mines, M.M.S. No. 1388, March, 1946. COAL 35 Table 19. — Shipments of Coal to Principal Types of Consumers in the Illinois Coal Market, via Lake, for Year Ending June 30, 1945 a Producing Districts 1 2 3 4 6 7 Receiving state Industrial fuel Illinois 260,976 202,152 1,358,964 355,887 19,509 176,797 379,357 182,622 1,912 Indiana Michigan Wisconsin 590,191 50,753 Minnesota Nebraska North Dakota . . . South Dakota. . . — Total 463,128 1,734,360 556,154 182,622 10,808 1,912 640,994 Retail yards Illinois Indiana Michigan Wisconsin Iowa 9,264 14,927 Minnesota Nebraska North Dakota . . . South Dakota . . . — Total — 412,745 89,962 464,429 26,467 2,472 228,873 10,120 10,808 — 24,191 By-product coal Illinois Indiana Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota 562,270 2,421,720 797,217 362.515 Total — 993,603 241,465 — — 4,143,722 Source: Bituminous Coal Distribution, Year Ended June 30, 1945, U. S. Bur. Mines, M.M.S. 1388, March. 1946. 36 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 Table 19. — Concluded Producing Districts 8 10 Total ship- ments to alongside consumers Ex-dock ship- ments from commercial docks Grand Total Receiving state Industrial fuel 4,203,683 205,891 8,177 28,107 6,801,340 1,195,952 27,686 74,302 597,051 2,365,650 865 1,201,059 28,794 9,250 74,302 Indiana Michigan 7,398,391 Wisconsin 3,561,512 865 1,228,745 Nebraska North Dakota 28,794 South Dakota 9,250 Total 4,417,751 7,060 324,668 29,213 28,107 3,042 8,024,978 7,060 347,782 44,140 4,276,881 813,609 3,625,096 115,638 2,068,625 5,047 175,335 335,932 12,301,859 Retail yards Illinois Indiana 7,060 Michigan 1,161,391 Wisconsin 3,669,236 Iowa 115,638 Minnesota 2,068,825 Nebraska 5,047 175,335 South Dakota 335,932 Total 360,941 1,086,064 1,679,254 1,888,747 975,657 3,042 398,982 2,063,551 4,190,936 5,379,266 1,374,759 7,139,482 13,715 112,267 447,921 7,538,464 By-product coal Illinois 2,063,551 Indiana 4,190,936 5,392,981 Wisconsin 1,487,026 Minnesota 447,921 Total 5,629,722 — 11,008,512 573,903 11,582,415 Source: Bituminous Coal Distribution, Year Ended June 30, 1945, U. S. Bur. Mines, M.M.S. No. 1388, March, 1946. COAL 37 Table 20. — Distribution of Bituminous Coal Produced in Illinois, 1945 a (In tons) Disposal Amount Disposal Amount All-rail, river, ex-river b (excluding railroad fuel) Total for United States 40,783,717 53 25,836,193 2,025,048 422,485 1,024 2,198,811 4,366,287 68,915 1,232,624 3,959,598 210,424 439 132,102 6,871 51 357 9,189 1,188 32,816 93,472 165,044 20,520 Unspecified 206 Middle Atlantic Pennsylvania Canada East North-Central Illinois Railroad fuel 23,121,651 Indiana Tidewater Michigan 594,296 Ohio Lake Wisconsin 133,662 West North-Central Iowa Distributors or wholesalers (desti- nation and use unknown) Kansas 149,078 Minnesota Truck Missouri 5,653,044 Nebraska Private railways, tramways, and conveyors North Dakota South Dakota 132,199 South Atlantic Florida South Carolina Coal used at mines 1,107,616 Virginia Net change in inventory East South-Central Alabama 6,188 Mississippi Tennessee West South-Central Arkansas Total 71,681,451 Percentage of estimated production. . 98.8 Louisiana a Data from U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Report, No. 172, May 1, 1946. b Also includes byproduct and smithing coal shipped by all methods of transportation except by lake and tidewater. Illinois Coal Industry in the Upper Mississippi Valley In table 20 is given the distribution of coal produced in Illinois for the year ending June 30, 1945. Table 21 shows the methods of shipment of coal produced in Illinois, by sizes and by principal markets including railroad fuel, industrial, retail dealers, byproduct and water gas, bunker and vessel fuel, and fuel exported. 38 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 %5 Table 21. — Shipment of Bituminous Coal in District 10, Illinois, by Sizes, During the Year Ending June 30, 1945* (In net tons of 2,000 pounds) (Includes mines with an average daily capacity of 50 tons or more and all mines, washeries, and preparation plants with rail or river connections.) 1. All Lump Coal and All Double Screened Coal with Top Size over 2": Total Railroad fuel Industrial Retail dealers Byproduct and water gas d Bunker and vessel fuel Export e Use not reported 2. All Double Screened Coal with Top Size not exceeding 2": Total Railroad fuel Industrial Retail dealers Byproduct and water gas' 1 Bunker and vessel fuel Export e Use not reported 3. Mine-run Modified, Mine-run Domestic, Mine-run Screened and Altered, Mine-run and Minus Resultant with Top Size over 2": Total Railroad fuel Industrial Retail dealers Byproduct and water gas d Bunker and vessel fuel Export e Use not reported 4. All Minus Resultant and Deducted Screenings with Top Size over %" and not exceeding 2": Total Railroad fuel Industrial Retail dealers Byproduct and water gas d Bunker and vessel fuel Export e Use not reported All-Rail, River and Ex-River a Tidewater Lake 19,670,965 10,547,752 1,470,003 7,622,388 560 30,262 3,037,250 447,330 1,153,471 1,254,557 180,917 975 16,353,616 10,460,267 5,681,807 130,159 81,383 23,582,408 2,226,090 17,141,763 4,026,430 116,818 71,307 Interport 1 100,147 416 99,731 8,958 8,958 409,580 408,243 1,337 36,748 32,455 4,293 17,236 17,236 25,519 22,477 3,042 Truck' 3,135,772 3,135,772 803,435 803,435 49,536 49,536 1,581,257 1,581,257 Total 23,316,464 10,955,995 1,471,340 7,622,388 560 416 99,731 3,166,034 3,886,391 479,785 1,157,764 1,254,557 180,917 8,958 804,410 16,420,388 10,477,503 5,681,807 130,159 130,919 25,189,184 2,226,090 17,164,240 4,029,472 116,818 1,652,564 COAL 39 Table 21 — (Concluded) 5. All Minus Resultant and Deducted Screenings with Top Size not exceeding Total. Railroad fuel Industrial Retail dealers Byproduct and water gas d . Bunker and vessel fuel. . . . Export e Use not reported 6. Total of 1 through 5 : Total Railroad fuel Industrial Retail dealers Byproduct and water gas d Bunker and vessel fuel. . . . Export 6 Use not reported 7. Size not Reported Total Railroad fuel Industrial Retail dealers Byproduct and water gas d Bunker and vessel fuel Export e Use not reported i. Other Disposals, Use and Size not Speci- fied 9. Coal Used at Mine f 10. Net Change in Inventory . 11. Grand Total 6 through 10. All-Rail, River and Ex-River a 3,409,460 75,726 2,718,452 596,874 18,408 66,053,699 23,757,165 28,165,496 13,630,408 298,295 202,335 118,648 49,347 52,067 7,787 9,447 Interport 1 Tidewater Lake 109,105 416 108,689 11,702 7,222 4,480 139 139 489,222 458,073 28,107 3,042 Truck 175,673 175,673 5,745,673 5,745,673 76,862 76,862 Total 3,585,272 75,865 2,718,452 596,874 194,081 72,397,699 24,215,238 28,193,603 13,633,450 298,295 416 108,689 5,948,008 207,212 49,347 52,067 7,787 9,447 7,222 4,480 76,862 759 1,148,075 -29,557 73,724,188 a Includes shipments by truck to byproduct and beehive coke ovens away from the producing mine and for smithing in District 10 — 1 17,222 tons. b Includes shipments via tidewater to alongside consumers and via Great Lakes to alongside consumers and for con- signment to Canada. c Truck data not reported by use. d Includes shipments to beehive coke ovens. e This item includes only such shipments to tidewater ports for cargoes destined to points outside the United States and Canada as were reported to the U. S. Bur. Mines. Tonnages shown here are not all inclusive. f Includes coal used to produce coal, coal used by mine employees, and coal made into briquets or packaged fuel at reporting mines. Source: U. S. Bur. Mines, Mineral Market Report, M.M.S. No. 1388, March, [946. 40 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 Recapitulation of Table 21 Method of movement and/or use: Total all-rail movements — Industrial use Total all-rail movements — Retail dealers Total shipments of railroad fuel, other than shipments to tidewater Total shipments of coal to byproduct and beehive coke plants, other than to tidewater and lake Total river shipments, other than for railroad fuel, byproduct, or smithing use Total ex-river shipments, other than for railroad fuel, byproduct or smithing use Total shipments to tidewater Total shipments to the Great Lakes Total shipments to distributors and wholesalers where the final destination and use are not known Shipments by truck or wagon, other than deliveries to byproduct plants and to coke ovens and for smithing use Shipments via conveyor belt, other than deliveries to byproduct plants and to coke ovens and for smithing use Total tonnage shipped Coal used by mine employees Coal used to produce coal Other disposals not specified above Total tons shipped or used Net change in inventory Total production reported Percent of estimated production Tonnage 24,045,736 13,308,138 23,806,512 307,742 4,367,469 6,677 264,061 503,206 202,335 5,822,535 127,738 72,762,149 281,249 866,826 759 73,910,983 -29,557 73,881,426 99.6 Table 22. — Distribution by State and Use, by All-Rail, River, and Ex-River Shipments (Excluding Railroad Fuel), of Illinois Bituminous Coal Produced During Year Ending June 30, 1945 a Industrial Retail Yards Byproduct and Water Gas Total Illinois 19,268,372 1,687,700 177,309 57 1,782,366 1,987,157 13,191 870,631 1,951,582 60,304 91,294 3,101 7,018 7,816 112,957 17,944 51,026 7,334,764 222,409 205,615 520 517,907 2,422,206 62,107 312,766 2,085,402 171,279 425 47,707 3,366 710 1,296 26,713 89,856 113,909 10,218 9,020 297,566 9,685 491 26,900,702 1,910,109 Michigan 382,924 Ohio 577 Wisconsin 2,300,273 4,419,048 75,298 1,183,397 4,037,475 231,583 North Dakota 425 139,001 6,467 710 1,296 33,731 97,672 Arkansas 226,866 28,162 60,046 U. S. Total 28,089,825 13,638,195 307,742 42,035,762 U. S. Bur. Mines, Mineral Market Report, M.M.S. No. 1388, March, 1946. COAL 41 Table 23. — Sources of All-Rail Coal Destined for Chicago, 1942-1945 (In tons) Source 1942 1943 1944 1945 Western Pennsylvania Central Pennsylvania, Somerset-Myersdale Cumberland-Piedmont Fairmont, West Virginia Northern and eastern Ohio Southern Ohio Kanawha, Logan and Kenova-Thacker. New River-Winding Gulf and Pocahontas-Tug River Northeast Kentucky and McRoberts Virginia Hazard, Harlan, and Southern Appalachian Ex-river coal Northern Illinois Central and southern Illinois Indiana Western Kentucky 5,023 18,147 137,776 1,195 2,433 2,327,548 9,755,335 2,681,672 283,062 3,341,359 41,377 820,140 6,079,795 3,596,192 767,164 115,385 24,905 53,156 1,618 13,989 2,351,381 9,439,189 3,376,031 338,928 2,698,608 12,617 933,613 7,266,187 3,187,672 961,089 779 19,089 44,391 6,790 7,956 2,300,417 7,687,840 3,124,223 299,815 2,677,139 13,276 760,017 7,498,802 3,027,145 1,046,862 Total 29,858,216 30,774,368 28,514,541 48,908 15,541 40,251 1,625 5,805 1,463,138 5,710,337 2,358,981 253,195 1,614,198 3,390 457,548 6,124,829 2,735,638 1,080,865 21,914,249 Percent of Chicago total supplied by Illinois. 23.1 26.6 28.9 30.0 U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Reports, Nos. 148 (1943), 160 (1944), 172 (1945). Table 24. — Sources of Coal Destined for St. Louis, 1942-1945 a (In tons) Source Central Pennsylvania Fairmont, Pa Kanawha, West Virginia New River, West Virginia. . . . Virginia, Northeast Kentucky Hazard, Harlan Illinois Indiana Western Kentucky Ohio 1942 32,660 1,128 219,782 640,871 301,455 22,239 4,229,879 17,115 135,184 1943 53,266 968 328,877 709,201 206,734 28,482 ,602,507 14,428 81,765 1944 50,305 758 312,888 616,372 128,993 23,029 5,243,887 13,977 37,474 1945 35,365 853 281,166 469,518 97,443 15,007 4,551,281 10,975 35,989 127 Total. 5,600,313 6,026,228 6,427,683 5,497,724 Percent of St. Louis total received from Illinois. 75.5 76.4 81.6 83.0 »U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Reports Nos. 148 (1943), 160 (1944), 172 (1945). METROPOLITAN MARKETS Sources of coal for the two principal metropolitan markets for Illinois coal are shown in tables 23 and 24. Tables 25 to 28 present detailed data on production by mines and counties and desti- nation by markets, by uses and by sizes, of coal produced in the State of Illinois. 42 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1U5 Table 25. — Coal Production of All Illinois (In County Bureau. . . Christian. Clinton. . Edgar. . . Franklin . Fulton . . Gallatin. Greene. . Grundy Henry . . Jackson . Jefferson Knox . . . LaSalle.. Livingston. . Logan McDonough Macon Macoupin . . Madison . Marion. . Marshall Menard . Mercer. . Montgomery. Peoria Perry Randolph . . . Rock Island . St. Clair.. Saline. Sangamon . Schuyler. . Shelby Stark Tazewell . . . Vermilion . . Warren .... Washington. Will Williamson Woodford . Shipping Mines Strip No. of mines Total Tons 119,320 5,791,266 22,919 116,029 421,667 515,287 1,490,613 109,968 36 2,825,758 1,187,295 185,442 665,779 185,891 79,042 1,735,678 751,809 Underground No. of mines 16,203,763 11 6 1 15 10 5 Tons 122 14,029 7,479,875 384,391 17,247,446 181,907 35,441 98,103 2,370,150 623,647 115,538 74,486 5,328,029 1,849,574 169,460 949,517 384,841 1,525,912 1,551,805 1,939,823 3,885,608 2,353,010 1,989,744 545,571 2,999,433 Total No. of mines 54,097,340 2 6 4 13 12 3 1 2 4 1 4 3 11 6 5 2 2 25 Tons 158 133,349 7,479,875 384,391 17,247,446 5,973,173 58,360 116,029 519,770 2,885,437 623,647 1,606,151 184,454 5,328,029 1,849,574 169,460 949,517 384,841 4,351,670 2,739,100 2,125,265 4,551,387 2,353,010 185,891 2,068,786 545,571 1,735,678 3,751,242 70,301,103 Compiled from Illinois State Dept. Mines and Minerals, Sixty-fourth Annual Coal Report, 1945. Number of mines reporting production. COAL 43 Mines, by Type of Mine, and by Counties, 1945 ; tons) Local Mines County Totals Mine Inspec- tion Strip Underground Total No. of mines Tons Percent of State total No. of mines Tons No. of mines Tons No. of mines Tons Dist. 2 1 12,966 33,591 2 1 12,966 33,591 2 8 4 1 13 133,349 7,492,841 384,391 33,591 17,247,446 0.2 10.2 0.5 23.5 4 13 5 10 1 1 435 26,292 24 7 1 6 124,752 25,162 16 28,683 25 7 1 1 6 125,187 25,162 16 26,292 28,683 37 10 1 2 8 6,098,360 83,522 16 142,321 548,453 8.3 0.1 0.2 0.7 3 11 7 1 3 , 30 3 34,771 3 1 34,771 30 7 2 2,920,208 623,677 4.0 0.8 9 13 2 6,228 3 1 40,717 23,532 3 3 40,717 29,760 7 6 1,646,868 214,214 2.2 0.3 3 1 3 8,886 2 5 1 60,852 598 29,683 3 2 5 1 8,886 60,852 598 29,683 3 2 5 1 11 8,886 60,852 598 29,683 5,328,029 7.3 1 2 14 4 6 1 543 8 1 5 1 280,174 250 52,916 1,472 8 2 5 1 280,174 793 52,916 1,472 14 1 2 5 1 2,129,748 169,460 793 52,916 1,472 2.9 0.2 7 13 1 4 14 ■ 4,923 26 3 6 2 258,893 17,777 69,423 972 26 4 6 2 258,893 22,700 69,423 972 27 13 10 2 949,517 643,734 4,374,370 2,808,523 972 1 3 8 5 9 3 8 6 2 9 9 14 2 1 755,524 214 12 3 11 13 2 139,689 6,094 145,062 16,410 330 14 3 11 14 2 895,213 6,094 145,062 16,624 330 30 16 16 16 2 3,020,478 4,557,481 2,498,072 202,515 330 4 1 6.2 3.4 03 8 11 4 14 4 3 4,358 2 3 18 1 2 243 115,217 142,902 3,418 8,511 2 3 21 1 2 243 115,217 147,260 3,418 8,511 2 3 26 1 4 243 115,217 2,216,046 3,418 554,082 0.2 3.0 0.8 2 2 5 14 13 30 1 642,120 21,198 30 1 642,120 21,198 (Less thj 2 55 1 m 0.1% p 1,735,678 4,393,362 _ 21,198 er mine) 2.4 6.0 1.4 1 12 2 16 807,433 206 2,338,394 222 3,145,827 380 73,446,930 100.0 Summary of Table 25 1944 1945 Type of Mines Number of mines b Net tons produced Number of mines b Net tons produced Strip mines: Shipping 30 18 17,108,528 967,594 36 15 16,203,763 2,341,637 Total 48 "135 224 18,076,122 56,850,395 2,473,514 51 122 207 18,545,400 Underground mines: 54,097,340 3,145,827 Total . c 359 406 59,323,909 77,400,031 329 380 57,243,167 Grand Total 73,446,930 a Compiled from 111. State Dept. Mines and Minerals, Sixty-fourth Annual Coal Report, 1945. b Number of mines reporting production. c One mine reported both strip and underground operations. Table 26. — Illinois Coal Production, by Quarters for the Years 1941-1945 a (In thousands of tons) 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Amount Percent of total Amount Percent of total Amount Percent of total Amount Percent of total Amount Percent of total January-March.. . . April-June July-September.. . . October-December 16,480 8,637 13,965 15,621 30.1 15.8 25.5 28.6 16,783 15.343 15,438 17,507 25.8 23.6 23.7 26.9 18,819 15,755 19,405 18,652 25.9 21.7 26.7 25.7 20,895 19,078 18,170 18,817 27.2 24.8 23.6 24.4 19,746 16,976 16,491 19,312 27.2 23.4 22.7 26.7 Total 54,703 100.00 65,071 100.0 72,631 100.0 76,960 100.0 72,525 100.0 Compiled from U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Reports less than 1,000 tons each. Does not include mines with annual production Table 27. — Production of Bituminous Coal in Illinois and the United States, by Months, 1945 a (In thousands of tons) January . . . February . . March. . . . April May June July August. . . . September. October . . . November . December. Total. Month Small mines, and undistributed in Illinois' 3 . Total 576,922 Illinois United States Percent of Amount U.S. production 52,995 6,930 13.1 48,150 6,210 12.9 52,450 6,693 12.8 43,360 5,560 12.9 49,483 5,755 11.6 50,987 6,100 12.0 47,217 5,400 11.4 47,658 5,530 11.6 46,938 5,778 12.3 39,192 6,679 17.1 50,772 6,060 12.0 46,798 5,830 12.5 576,000 72,525 922 922 73,447 ; 12.7 *U. S. Bur. Mines, Weekly Coal Report, No. W.C.R. 1494, March 9, 1946. b Illinois State Dept. Mines and Minerals, Annual Coal Report, 1945, for mines with annual production of less than 1,000 tpns each. c Average. COAL 45 2 ° 3 si o *-> s o W O £ c O rt "* o a* o c T3 c 3 O Ih CO NO ON NO co r-~ i^- <-o cn hMhOD CN NO CN OO O O O CO OO rt 1 1— 1 CN h x h o h Mn^w^jv-o O CN O ON NO lo Tf cn no r^ CO CN O ON On OO ON - CN 00 r- no Tf co co -hOMnOX Tf OC OO Tf Tf © ONr^ r- r^ NO OO CO NO rf NO CN CN — CN CN O NO NO «-n CO CN CN vo NO r~ OO CN CO cO CO CO CO On On Cn On ON • Cfl IS .2 ""§ -I £ a SG 5 » 8- |J|c3 **:.§ 1111 •o c.S£ < « C T3 CO »3 c ^"Sjd ^ O « n--3 I « J; — . O^ v a. w _ « to ra ■; O u u-> O Q. 3ir ;^ .S S"mt> = « 2o- loll T3w u s<^ '> E e S ^ o 3 w 46 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 Table 29. — Coal Mine Prices, per Ton, December 1944 and December 1945 a December, 1944 December, 1945 Southern Illinois Freight rate to Chicago, $2.05 a ton Lump Egg Nut Washed screenings Mine run Central Illinois Freight rate to Chicago, $1.75 a ton Lump Egg Nut Washed screenings Screenings Mine run Indiana, No. 4 Freight rates to Chicago, $1.65 and $1.75 a ton Lump Egg Stoker nut Nut Screenings Mine run Indiana, No. 5 Freight rates to Chicago, $1.65, $1.87, and $1.90 a ton Lump Egg Stoker nut Nut. Screenings Mine run West Virginia Smokeless, New River, and Pocahontas Freight rate to Chicago, $3.39 a ton Lump Egg Stove Nut Stoker pea Mine run (Dom.) Straight mine run Slack Briquets Eastern Kentucky Millers Creek — Great Heart Freight rate to Chicago, $3.19 a ton Block Furnace Small egg Stoker nut Screenings East Kentucky, West Virginia, High Volatile Freight rate to Chicago, $3.19 a ton Block Furnace Small egg Stoker nut Screenings West Kentucky, No. 9 and No. 11 Freight rate to Chicago, $2.30 a ton Lump, 6" Egg, 6"x3" Stoker nut Screenings Mine run 2.55- 3.30 3.00 2.40 2.10 2.60 2.45- 3.20 2.45- 3.00 2.35- 2.70 2.05- 2.60 1.75- 2.35 2.00- 2.65 2.70- 2.95 2.60- 2.85 1.95- 2.40 1.95- 2.40 1.85- 2.05 2.50- 2.60 2.55- 3.00 2.45- 2.60 1.85- 2.10 2.30- 2.45 1.75- 1.90 2.40- 2.45 3.95 4.05 4.10 3.55 3.45 3.80 3.45- 3.65 2.70- 2.90 5.25 4.35- 4.35- 4.05- 2.90- 4.40 4.40 4.15 3.10 3.50- 3.80 3.20- 3.55 3.10 3.40- 3.80 2.25- 2.40 2.20- 2.40 1.85- 2.50 1.65- 1.95 2.10- 2 30 \ 3.40 3.40 2.64-3.10 2.55 2.55-2.75 2.55-2.75 2.45-2.65 2.20 1.90-2.50 2.70-2.95 2.60-2.85 1.95-2.40 1.95-2.40 1.85-2.05 2.50-2.60 2.55-3.00 2.45-2.60 1.85-2.10 2.30-2 45 1 . 75-1 . 90 2.40-2.45 3.91-4.61 3.91-4.71 4.36-4 66-3 61-3 96-4 71-3. 96-3 4.50- 4.20- 3.05- 5.25 4.65 -4.65 -4.40 -3.40 3.65-3.95 3.35-3.70 3.25 3.55-3.95 2.25-2.40 2.20-2.40 1.85-2.50 1.65-1.95 2.10-2.30 Table 29. — Continued December, 1944 December, 1945 Western Kentucky, No. 6 Freight rate to Chicago, $2.30 a ton Lump, 6" Egg,6"x3" Stoker nut Screenings Western Kentucky, No. 14 Freight rate to Chicago, $2.30 a ton Lump, 6" Egg, 6"x3" Nut,3"x2" Chestnut Screenings, 2" Anthracite Freight rate to Chicago from mines in Pennsylvania, $4.26 a ton Grate, egg, stove, chestnut Pea Buckwheat Rice Coke F. O. B. dealers yards in Chicago, f.o.b. ovens, 15 cents a ton less Egg, range, nut Pea Foundry (at Chicago ovens) 2.70 2.70 3.10 2.45 2.45 2.45 2.45 2.20 2.00 7.85 6.30 4.65 3.75 14.80 13.80 $ 2.70 2 70 3.10 2.45 2.51 2.51 2.51 2.26 2.11 9.00 7.30 5.25 4.30 17.70 16.00 a Chicago Journal of Commerce. Table 30. — Coal Consumed in the Illinois Coal Market Area (Exclusive of Railroad Fuel), 1944-1945 a Source 1944 1945 Distribution of total production (all rail) from mines in U. S. Illinois 41,849,010 4,289,562 6,937,902 2,494,774 1,525,182 8,045,783 2,271,734 55,037 468,329 2,373,177 8,637,206 110,831 3,733,429 10,216 200,586 348,114 38,200,066 Wisconsin 4,106,165 Iowa 7,122,466 Kansas 2,079,281 Minnesota 1,676,937 Missouri 7,854,271 Nebraska 2,108,321 North Dakota 61,102 South Dakota 470,687 Waterborne shipments via Lake and Tidewater summaries by consumer states of destination Illinois 2,061,180 Wisconsin 8,889,006 Iowa 106,392 Kansas Minnesota 3,910,221 Missouri Nebraska 8,311 North Dakota 208,934 South Dakota 348,775 Total shipments to consumers — All movements and uses Illinois 44,222,187 12,926,768 7,048,733 2,494,774 5,258,611 8,045,783 2,281,950 255,623 816,443 40,261,246 Wisconsin 12,995,171 Iowa 7,228,858 Kansas 2,079,281 Minnesota 5,587,158 Missouri 7,854,271 Nebraska 2,116,632 North Dakota 270,036 South Dakota 819,462 Grand Total 83,350,872 79,212,115 a U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Reports, Nos. 160 (1944), 172 (194S). 48 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 Table 31. — Shipments of Bituminous Coal by Sizes from Illinois, 1945 a (In Tons) Size Amount Percent All lump coal and all double screened coal with top size over 2 inches All double screened coal with top size not exceeding 2 inches Modified mine-run, domestic mine-run, screened mine-run, and altered mine- run and minus resultant with top size over 2 inches All minus resultant and dedusted screenings with top size over % inch and not exceeding 2 inches 22,397,852 3,716,267 16,656,600 24,195,550 3,575,635 31.8 5.3 23.6 34 3 All minus resultant and dedusted screenings with top size not exceeding % inch 5.0 Total 70,541,904 100.0 Size not reported 25,743 1,107,616 6,188 Coal used at mines Net change in inventory Grand Total 71,681,451 "Data compiled from U. S. Bureau Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Report No. 172, 1945. COAL PRICES IN 1945 Coal prices — mine, lake cargo, and retail — were subject to price ceilings imposed by the Office of Price Administration. During Table 32. — Source of Bituminous Coal, Shipped to Illinois, by All-rail, River and Ex-River, (Exclusive of Railroad Fuel) 1945 : ' (In tons) District No. Total 1 20,006 2 12,422 3 44,742 4 7,798 5 - 6 7 4,827,646 8 2,853,775 9 1,028,211 10 25,836,193 11 3,530,458 12 — 13 41 14 38,208 15 566 Total 38,200,066 a U. S. Bureau Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Report, No. 172, 1945. 1944 some changes occurred in mine prices of coal in those districts serving the markets of the Upper Mississippi Valley. Degree-Days Degree-days are the number of degrees of temperature that the average temperature for each day falls below 65° Fahrenheit. These are totaled for each month and a cumulative total for the heating season through each month is determined. These data averaged over a long period of time give a reliable guide to the fuel needs of the locality in which the temperatures are recorded. This information is given in table 34. Figure 9 shows the modified degree-day belts of the state numbered from 1 to 8. District 8 comprises St. Louis city and county and is included in the tabulations because of the interest of the Illinois coal industry in this large market. In table 33 is shown the number of heat- ing units by each type of fuel used, for each of the degree-day belts outlined on the map. COAL 49 Table 33. — Types of Heating Equipment, by Degree-Day Districts* Units With Central Heating District No. Coal Wood Gas Fuel oil Total Other fuel and not reported ! 60,076 807,045 101,484 140,604 55,464 36,169 9,426 45,379 134,419 1,250 1,099 841 535 680 163 34 129 56 1,166 30,100 1,435 5,420 804 127 13 4,868 3,650 5,820 46,366 3,301 3,109 854 720 40 6,486 4,802 68,312 884,610 107,061 149,668 57,802 37,179 9,513 56,862 142,927 685 2 12,138 3 872 4 2,741 5 783 6 240 7 82 8 St. Louis, Mo. St. Louis County. . St. Louis City .... 204 1,399 Total 1,390,066 4,787 47,583 71,498 1,513,934 19,144 Units Without Central Heating District No. Coal Wood Gas Fuel oil Gas or Kero. Total Other fuel and not reported None 1 19,753 224,896 57,043 112,727 90,881 78,043 48,115 13,422 83,434 3,002 3,991 4,319 8,847 28,595 14,895 7,777 1,671 295 117 5,529 238 864 1,641 704 26 130 752 3,958 87,642 3,008 2,168 1,712 636 126 656 2,928 152 581 294 357 858 278 102 136 156 26,982 322,639 64,902 124,963 123,687 94,556 56,146 16,015 87,565 96 1,235 319 495 581 258 162 62 272 26 2 318 3 69 4 79 5 105 6 48 7 8 St. Louis, Mo. St. Louis Co. . . . St. Louis City.. . 87 25 247 Total 728,314 73,392 10,001 102,834 2,914 917,455 3,480 1,004 a Source: U. S. Census, Housing, Illinois, 2nd Series, 1939. Because of the close relationship between the number of degree-days accumulated dur- ing the heating season and the quantity of fuels consumed, a degree-day map of Illi- nois and a table showing degree-day records for the past heating season compared with the normal is useful in estimating domestic fuel consumption. In this issue a modified degree-day map has been prepared in which county boundaries are used to mark the boundaries of degree-day belts. While this results in some inaccuracies, the purpose is to show the number and types of heating units in each degree-day belt. Since these latter are reported by county units only, it was necessary to prepare a map in which boundaries of degree-day belts conformed to the nearest county boundary. 50 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 7000 . ^ JO DAVIESS STEPHENSON I WINNEBAGO (6750-7250)[ | N(K | 6000 (5750-6250) 5500 ( 5250- 5 750) J hancock Seal* of Mil.. IO O tO SO 30 40 SO 5000 (4750- 5250)' 4500 (4250-4750), 4000 (3 750- 4250)\ UN,0N | J0HNS0N Fig. 9. — Degree-day districts, with averages and ranges. COAL 51 Table 34. — Number of Degree-Days for Representative Cities and Towns in Illinois by Months, 1945-1946, Compared with the Average for the Period in Which Records Have Been Kept, to the Close of 1945 a - b Aledo (Pop. 2,593) Anna (Pop. 4,092) Month Mean c 1945-46 Av. Cum. Av. Percent of average yearly total Mean 1945-46 Av. Cum. Av. Percent of average yearly total September 372 720 1,333 1,147 924 496 330 217 341 750 1,147 1,271 1,092 806 450 93 341 1,091 2,238 3,509 4,601 5,407 5,857 5,950 5.7 12.6 19.3 21.4 18.4 13.5 7.5 1.6 248 510 1,085 899 644 279 150 93 155 540 868 961 784 558 240 155 695 1,563 2,524 3,308 3,866 4,106 4,106 October 3.8 November 13.2 December 21.2 January 23.4 February 19.1 March 13.5 April 5.8 May Total 5,539 (46 yrs.) 5,950 100.0 3,908 (62 yrs.) 4,106 100.0 Departure from normal -566 + 101 September October . . November December . January. . February. March . . . April May Total . Aurora (Pop. 47,170) 465 780 1,395 1,209 1,008 558 420 248 30 403 810 1,178 1,333 1,120 930 510 186 30 433 1,243 2,421 3,754 4,874 5,804 6,314 6,500 0.5 6.2 12.5 18.1 20.5 17.2 14.3 7.8 2.9 Bloomington (Pop. 32, 310 720 1,302 1,116 896 434 300 186 310 720 1,085 1,209 1,288 806 300 62 310 030 115 324 612 418 718 780 5.4 12.5 18.8 20.9 22.3 13.9 5.2 1.0 6,083 (67 yrs.) 6,500 100.0 5,258 (55 yrs.) 5,780 100.0 Departure from normal -417 -522 September October . . . November. December . January. . . February. . March. . . . April May Total . Cairo (Pop. 14,407) 186 450 992 806 588 186 30 3,238 155 510 806 899 756 527 210 (74 yrs.) 155 665 1,471 2,370 3,126 3,653 3,863 3,863 3,863 4.0 13.2 20.9 23.2 19.6 13.6 5.5 100.0 Carbondale (Pop. 8,550) 248 540 ,085 899 644 217 120 62 3,815 155 540 868 930 756 558 210 (42 yrs.) 155 695 1,563 2,493 3,249 3,807 4,017 4,017 4,017 3.9 13.4 21.6 23.2 18.8 13.9 5.2 100.0 Departure from normal 625 -202 8 Compiled from U. S. Dept. Commerce, Weather Bureau, Climatological Data. b Population from Sixteenth Census of the United States, 1940. c Mean — Monthly totals for heating season; Av. — Monthly average over total period for which records have been kept. ILLINOIS GEOLOGICAL CI ID\/CV I ir>DAC?V 52 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 Table 34. — (Continued) Carlinville (Pop. 4,965) Charleston (Pop. 8,197) Month Mean 1945-46 Av. Cum. Av. Percent of average yearly total Mean c 1945-46 Av. Cum. Av. Percent of average yearly total September October 310 630 1,178 992 756 279 210 124 248 630 992 1,116 924 682 330 31 248 878 1,870 2,986 3,910 4,592 4,922 4,953 5.0 12.7 20.0 22.6 18.6 13.8 6.7 0.6 1,209 1,023 812 310 270 124 279 660 992 1,116 952 713 360 93 279 939 1,931 2,047 3,999 4,712 5,072 5,165 5.4 12.8 December 19.4 21.6 February 18.4 March 13.8 April 7.0 May 1.8 Total 4,479 (56 yrs.) 4,953 100.0 — (61 yrs.) 5,165 100.0 Departure from normal . . -474 — Chicago (Pop. 3,396,808) Danville (Pop. 36,919) September 30 October 434 341 341 5.5 372 279 279 5.2 November 720 750 1,091 12.0 690 690 969 12.9 December 1,302 1,116 2,207 17.9 1,271 1,054 2,023 19.7 January 1,147 1,271 3,478 20.4 1,085 1,147 3,170 21.5 February 1,008 1,064 4,542 17.1 868 980 4,150 18.3 March 558 899 5,441 14.4 403 744 4,894 13.9 April 420 540 5,981 8.7 330 390 5,284 7.3 May 279 248 6,229 4.0 186 62 5,346 1.2 Total 5,898 (76 yrs.) 6,229 100.0 5,205 (44 yrs.) 5,346 100.0 Departure from normal . . -331 -141 Decatur (Pop. 59,305) Dixon (Pop. 10,671) September 30 October 310 279 279 5.2 434 403 403 6.2 November 660 690 969 12.8 780 810 1,213 12.5 December 1,240 1,054 2,023 19.6 1,395 1,209 2,422 18.7 January 1,054 1,178 3,201 21.9 1,209 1,364 3,786 21.1 February 840 1,008 4,209 18.8 1,036 1,148 4,934 17.8 March 341 744 4,953 13.8 527 899 5,833 13.9 April 270 360 5,313 6.7 330 480 6,313 7.4 May 186 62 5,375 1.2 217 155 6,468 2.4 Total 4,90l' (55 yrs.) 5,375 100.0 5,958 (56 yrs.) 6,468 100.0 Departure from normal . . -474 -510 COAL 53 Table 34. — (Continued) Month DuQuoin (Pop. 7,515) Mean c 1945-46 Av. Cum. Av. Percent of average yearly total Effingham (Pop. 6, 180) Mean 1945-46 Av. Cum. Av. Percent of average yearly total September October . . November December. January. . February. March . . . April May Total . 248 510 ,054 899 672 217 150 62 186 570 899 992 840 589 270 186 756 1,655 2,647 3,487 4,076 4,346 4,346 4.3 13.1 20.7 22.8 19.3 13.6 6.2 341 690 1,240 1,085 728 341 300 186 248 660 992 ,085 924 682 330 31 248 908 900 985 909 591 921 4,952 5.0 13.4 20.0 21.9 18.6 13.8 6.7 0.6 3,812 (55 yrs.) 4,346 100.0 4,911 (46 yrs.) 4,952 100.0 Departure from normal . -534 - 41 September October . . November December . January. . . February. . March April May Total . Departure from normal Fairfield (Pop. 4,008) 279 540 ,116 961 672 248 180 93 4,089 ■319 186 570 930 992 840 620 270 (52 yrs.) 186 756 1,686 2,678 3,518 4,138 4,408 4,408 4,408 4.2 13.0 21.1 22.5 19.0 14.1 6.1 100.0 Flora (Pop. 5,474) 310 570 ,116 992 728 310 210 124 4,360 411 248 630 961 ,054 896 651 300 31 (59 yrs.) 248 878 1,839 2,893 3,789 4,440 4,740 4,771 4,771 5.2 13.2 20.2 22.1 18.8 13.6 6.3 0.6 100.0 September October . . , November December . January. . February. . March April May Total . Freeport (Pop. 22,366) 90 527 840 1,457 1,271 1,092 620 390 248 60 434 840 1,240 1,426 1,176 961 510 186 60 494 1,334 2,574 4,000 5,176 6,137 6,647 6,833 0.9 6.4 12.3 18.2 20.8 17.2 14.1 7.4 2.7 Galva (Pop. 2,812) 30 434 780 1,395 1,178 980 496 360 248 341 780 1,178 1,302 1,120 837 450 124 341 1,121 2,299 3,601 4,721 5,558 6,008 6,132 5.6 12.6 19.2 21.2 18.3 13.6 7.3 2.2 6,535 (40 yrs.) 6,833 100.0 5,901 (54 yrs.) Departure from normal 298 231 6,132 100 a Compiled from U. S. Dept. Commerce, Weather Bureau, Climatological Data. b Population from Sixteenth Census of the United States, 1940. c Mean — Monthly totals for heating season; Av. — Monthly average over total period for which records have been kept. 54 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 Table 34. — (Continued) Greenville (Pop. 3,391) Griggs ville (Pop. 1,266) Month Percent of Percent of Mean c Av. Cum. average Mean c Av. Cum. average 1945-46 Av. yearly total 1945-46 Av. yearly total September October 248 248 248 5.0 279 248 248 4.8 November 570. 660 908 13.4 660 660 908 12.9 December 1,116 992 1,900 20.2 1,271 1,023 1,931 19.9 January 961 1,085 2,985 22.0 1,054 1,147 3,078 22.4 February 700 924 3,909 18.8 784 980 4,058 19.1 March 279 682 4,591 13.9 310 713 4,771 13.9 April 210 300 4,891 6.1 240 330 5,101 6.4 May 93 31 4,922 0.6 124 31 5,132 0.6 Total 4,177 (68 yrs.) 4,922 100.0 4,722 (60 yrs.) 5,132 100.0 Departure from normal . . -745 -410 September October . . November December . January. . . February. . March. . . . April May Total . Departure from normal Harrisburg (Pop. 11,453) 248 480 023 868 616 217 120 31 3,603 380 155 510 837 930 784 527 240 (47 yrs.) 155 665 1,502 432 216 743 983 983 3,983 3.9 12.8 21.0 23.4 19.7 13.2 6.0 100.0 Havana (Pop. 3,999) 341 690 ,302 ,085 840 372 270 155 5,055 -413 279 690 ,054 ,178 ,008 744 360 155 (54 yrs.) 279 969 2,023 3,201 4,209 4,953 5,313 5,468 5,468 5. 12. 19. 21. 18. 13. 6. 2. 100.0 September October . . November December . January. . February. March. . . April May Total Departure from normal Henry (Pop. 1,877) 403 720 1,333 147 952 434 300 186 5,475 501 341 750 1,116 1,271 1,148 837 420 93 (58 yrs.) 341 1,091 2,207 3,478 4,626 5,463 5,883 5,976 5,976 5.7 12.5 18.7 21.3 19.2 14.0 7.0 1.6 100.0 Hillsboro (Pop. 4,514) 279 600 1,178 992 756 279 210 124 4,418 504 248 630 992 ,085 924 682 330 31 (52 yrs.) 248 878 1,870 2,955 3,879 4,561 4,891 4,922 4,922 5.0 12.8 20.2 22.0 18.8 13.9 6.7 0.6 100.0 COAL 55 Table 34. — (Continued) Hoopeston (Pop. 5,381) Jacksonville (Pop. 19,844) Month Percent of Percent of Mean c Av. Cum. average Mean c Av. Cum. average 1945-46 Av. yearly total 1945-46 Av. yearly total September — — October 403 341 341 6.1 310 279 279 5.3 November 690 690 1,031 12.3 660 660 939 12.5 December 1,302 1,085 2,116 19.4 1,271 1,054 1,993 19.9 January 1,116 1,178 3,294 21.2 1,054 1,147 3,140 21.7 February 924 1,008 4,302 18.0 812 980 4,120 18.5 March 403 775 5,077 13.8 310 744 4,864 14.1 April 330 420 5,497 7.5 270 360 5,224 6.8 May 186 93 5,590 1.7 155 62 5,286 1.2 Total 5,354 (43 yrs.) 5,590 100.0 4,842 (53 yrs.) 5,286 100.0 Departure from normal . . -236 -444 September October . . . November. December . January. . . February. . March April May Total . Departure from normal . Joliet (Pop. 42,365) 60 465 780 1,395 1,209 1,036 558 450 279 6,232 + 180 372 750 1,036 1,271 1,120 868 480 155 (55 yrs.) 372 122 158 429 549 5,417 897 052 6,052 100.0 Kankakee (Pop. 22,241) 372 690 1,302 1,147 952 465 330 186 5,444 360 341 720 1,116 1,240 1,008 806 480 155 (30 yrs.) 341 1,061 2,177 3,417 4,425 5,231 5,711 5,866 5,866 5.8 12.3 19.0 21.2 17.2 13.7 8.2 2.6 100.0 September October . . . November. December . January. . . February. . March April May Total . La Harpe (Pop. 1,322) 341 720 1,333 1,116 868 403 240 155 310 720 1,116 1,209 1,064 806 420 93 310 030 146 355 419 5,225 645 738 5.4 12.6 19.4 21.0 18.6 14.1 7.3 1.6 Lincoln (Pop. 12,752) 341 690 1,271 1,085 868 372 270 155 310 690 1,054 1,178 1,008 775 390 62 310 1,000 2,054 3,232 4,240 5,015 5,405 5,467 5.7 12.6 19.3 21.5 18.4 14.2 7.2 1.1 5,176 (51 yrs.) 5,738 100.0 5,052 (58 yrs.) 5,467 100.0 Departure from normal -562 •415 a Compiled from U. S. Dept. Commerce, Weather Bureau, Climatological Data. b Population from Sixteenth Census of the United States, 1940. c Mean — Monthly totals for heating season; Av. — Monthly average over total period for which records have been kept. 56 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 Table 34. — (Continued) McLeansboro (Pop. 2,528) Vlarengo (Pop. 2,034) Month Percent of Percent of Mean c Av. Cum. average Mean c Av. Cum. average 1945-46 Av. yearly total 1945-46 Av. yearly total September — 90 90 90 1.3 October 217 186 186 4.2 496 465 555 6.5 November 480 570 756 13.0 810 870 1,425 12.2 December 1,054 899 1,655 20.4 1,426 1,271 2,696 17.8 January 899 1,023 2,678 23.3 1,240 1,426 4,122 20.0 February 644 840 3,518 19.1 1,092 1,204 5,326 16.9 March 217 612 4,138 13.4 620 1,023 6,349 14.4 April 120 270 4,408 6.1 420 570 6,919 8.0 May 31 4,408 — 248 210 7,129 2.9 Total 3,662 (64 yrs.) 4,408 100.0 6,442 (86 yrs.) 7,129 100.0 Departure from normal . . -715 -687 September October . . . November. December . January. . . February. . March. . . . April May Total . Departure from normal Mascoutah (Pop. 2,294) 3,997 591 248 217 540 630 ,116 930 961 1,023 672 868 248 620 150 300 62 (56 yrs.) 217 847 1,777 2,800 3,668 4,288 4,588 4,588 4,588 4.7 13.7 20.3 22.3 18.9 13.5 6.6 100.0 Minonk (Pop. 1,897) 403 750 ,364 ,147 952 496 360 217 5,689 •292 341 750 1,147 1,271 1,092 837 450 93 (52 yrs.) 341 1,091 2,238 3,509 4,601 5,438 5,888 5,981 5,981 5.7 12.5 19.2 21.3 18.3 14.0 7.5 1.5 100.0 September October . . November December . January. . February. March . . . April May Total . Monmouth (Pop. 9,096) 372 750 1,364 1,147 924 434 300 186 341 750 1,147 1,302 1,092 806 420 31 341 1,091 2,238 3,540 4,632 5,438 5,858 5,889 5.8 12.7 19.5 22.1 18.6 13.7 7.1 0.5 Morrison (Pop. 3,187) 30 434 780 1,364 1,178 1,008 527 330 217 372 780 ,209 ,209 ,148 868 480 120 372 1,152 2,361 3,570 4,718 5,586 6,066 6,186 6.0 12.6 5,477 (54 yrs.) 5,889 100.0 5 (51 yrs.) 6,186 100.0 Departure from normal •412 -318 COAL 57 Table 34. — (Continued) Mt. Carmel (Pop. 6,987) Mt. Carrol (Pop. 1,845) Month Mean c 1945-46 Av. Cum. Av. Percent of average yearly total Mean c 1945-46 Av. Cum. Av. Percent of average yearly total September October November December January February March April 248 510 1,085 930 672 217 150 62 186 600 930 992 868 589 300 186 786 1,716 2,708 3,576 4,165 4,465 4,465 4.2 13.4 20.8 22.3 19.4 13.2 6.7 60 434 810 1,395 1,209 1,036 558 360 248 60 434 840 1,240 1,364 1,176 930 510 186 60 494 1,334 2,574 3,938 5,114 6,044 6,554 6,740 0.9 6.4 12.4 18.4 20.2 17.5 13.8 7.6 May 2.8 Total 3,874 (44 yrs.) 4,465 100.0 6,110 (56 yrs.) 6,740 100.0 Departure from normal . . -591 -630 September October . . November December . January. . February. March . . . April May Total . Departure from normal Mt. Vernon (Pop. 14,724) 279 570 1,147 992 728 248 150 93 4,207 ■351 217 600 930 ,023 868 620 300 (51 yrs.) 217 817 1,747 2,770 3,638 4,258 4,558 4,558 4,558 4.8 13.2 20.4 22.4 19.0 13.6 6.6 100.0 New Burnside (Pop. 299) 248 510 ,085 930 672 248 150 93 3,936 -141 155 540 868 930 756 558 270 (35 yrs.) 155 695 1,563 2,493 3,249 3,807 4,077 4,077 4,077 3.8 13.3 21.3 22.8 18.5 13.7 6.6 100.0 September October . . November December . January. . February. March . . . April May Total . Departure from normal . Olney (Pop. 7,831) 279 540 1,116 961 728 248 210 93 4,175 503 217 600 961 1,023 896 651 330 (50 yrs.) 217 817 778 801 697 348 678 4,678 4,678 4.6 12.8 20.6 21.9 19.2 13.8 7.1 100.0 Ottawa (Pop. 16,005) 403 720 1,333 147 980 496 300 186 5,565 388 341 750 1,116 1,240 1,064 837 450 155 (58 yrs.) 341 1,091 2,207 3,447 4,511 5,348 5,798 5,953 5,953 5.7 12.6 18.7 20.8 17.9 14.1 7.6 2.6 100.0 a Compiled from U. S. Dept. Commerce, Weather Bureau, Climatological Data. b Population from Sixteenth Census of the United States, 1940. c Mean — Monthly totals for heating season; Av. — Monthly average over total period for which records have been kept. 58 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 Tab le 34. — (Continued) Palestine (Pop. 1,626) Pana (Pop. 5,966, Month Percent of Percent of Mean Av. Cum. average Mean Av. Cum. average 1945-46 Av. yearly total 1945-46 Av. yearly total September — October 310 248 248 5.1 310 279 279 5.4 November 600 660 908 13.5 660 660 939 12.7 December 1,178 961 1,869 19.6 1,209 1,023 1,962 19.7 January 1,023 1,085 2,954 22.2 1,054 1,147 3,109 22.1 February 756 896 3,850 18.3 784 952 4,061 18.3 March 279 682 4,532 13.9 310 713 4,774 13.7 April 240 330 4,882 6.8 240 360 5,134 6.9 May 124 31 4,893 0.6 124 62 5,196 1.2 Total 4,510 (64 yrs.) 4,893 100.0 4,711 (57 yrs.) 5,196 100.0 Departure from normal . . -353 -485 Paris (Pop. 9,281) Peoria (Pop. 105,087) September 310 630 1,209 1,085 812 310 240 93 279 690 1,054 1,147 980 775 390 62 279 969 2,023 3,170 4,150 4,925 5,315 5,377 5.2 12.8 19.6 21.3 18.2 14.4 7.3 1.2 310 750 1,333 1,178 952 465 330 217 372 780 1,116 1,271 1,036 806 420 93 372 1,152 2,268 3,539 4,575 5,381 5,801 5,894 October November December 6.3 13.2 18.9 21.6 February March April May 17.6 13.7 7.1 1.6 Total 4,689 (53 yrs.) 5,377 100.0 5,535 (91 yrs.) 5,894 100.0 Departure from normal . . -688 -359 September October . . November December . January. . February. March. . . April May Total Pontiac (Pop. 9,585) 372 690 1,302 1,116 924 465 330 217 310 690 1,085 1,209 1,036 806 420 93 310 000 085 294 330 136 556 649 5.5 12.2 19.2 21.4 18.4 14.3 7.4 1.6 Quincy (Pop. 40,469) 279 630 1,240 1,023 784 279 210 93 217 630 992 1,147 924 682 330 217 847 1,839 2,986 3,910 4,592 4,922 4,922 4.4 12.8 20. 23 . IS. 13. 6. 5,416 (48 yrs.) 5,649 100.0 4,538 (25 yrs.) 4,922 100.0 Departure from normal -233 384 COAL 59 Table 34. — (Continued) Rockford (Pop. 84,637) Rushville (Pop. 2,480) Month Mean c 1945-46 Av. Cum. Av. Percent of average yearly total Mean c 1945-46 Av. Cum. Av. Percent of average yearly total September October November December January February 30 403 780 1,395 1,240 1,064 620 150 279 30 403 810 1,209 1,364 1,176 930 510 186 30 433 1,243 2,452 3,816 4,992 5,922 6,432 6,618 0.5 6.1 12.2 18.3 20.6 17.8 14.0 7.7 2.8 372 720 1,302 1,116 896 372 300 186 279 720 1,054 1,178 1,008 744 360 62 279 999 2,053 3,231 4,239 4,983 5,343 5,405 5.2 13.2 19.5 21.7 18 5 March April 13.7 6 7 May 1.5 Total 5,961 (59 yrs.) • 6,618 100.0 5,264 (55 yrs.) 5,405 100.0 Departure from normal . . -657 -324 September October . . . November December . January. . . February. . March April May Total . Sparta (Pop. 3,664) 217 510 085 899 644 217 120 62 186 570 899 992 840 589 270 186 756 1,655 2,647 3,487 4,076 4,346 4,346 4.3 13.1 20.7 22.8 19.3 13.6 6.2 Springfield (Pop. 75,503) 279 660 1,240 1,054 840 310 240 124 279 690 1,023 1,147 980 744 360 62 279 969 992 139 119 863 223 285 5.3 13.0 19.4 21. 18. 14. 6. 1. 3,754 (60 yrs.) 4,346 100.0 4,747 (67 yrs.) 5,285 100.0 Departure from lal -592 -538 September October . . . November. December . January. . . February. . March April May Total . Sycamore (Pop. 4,702) 90 496 840 ,426 ,271 ,092 620 420 279 60 434 840 1,209 1,364 1,176 961 540 217 60 494 1,334 2,543 3,907 5,083 6,044 6,584 6,801 0.9 6.4 12.4 17.7 20.0 17.3 14.1 8.0 3.2 Urbana (Pop. 14,064) 372 690 1,302 1,116 896 403 300 186 310 720 1,116 1,178 1,008 775 450 124 310 1,030 2,146 3,324 4,332 5,107 5,557 5,681 5.5 12.7 19.7 20.7 17.7 13.6 7.9 2.2 6,534 (66 yrs.) 6,801 100.0 5,265 (44 yrs.) 5,681 100.0 Departure from normal •267 416 a Compiled from U. S. Dept. Commerce, Weather Bureau, Climatological Data. b Population from Sixteenth Census of the United States, 1940. c Mean — Monthly totals for heating season; Av. — Monthly average over total period for which records have been kept. 60 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 (Table 34. — Concluded) Walnut (Pop. 961) Waukegan (Pop. 34,241) Month Mean c 1945-46 Av. Cum. Av. Percent of average yearly total Mean c 1945-46 Av. Cum. Av. Percent of average yearly total September October November 434 750 1,364 1,178 1,008 496 300 186 30 341 780 1,178 1,302 1,120 868 450 90 30 371 1,151 2,329 3,631 4,751 5,619 6,069 6,159 0.5 5.5 12.6 19.1 21.2 18.2 14.1 7.3 1.5 30 434 750 1,333 1,209 1,064 651 480 310 30 403 780 1,147 1,302 1,092 961 600 279 30 433 1,213 2,360 3,662 4,754 5,715 6,315 6,594 0.5 6.1 11.8 December January February March April May 17.4 19.7 16.6 14.6 9.1 4.2 Total 5,716 (55 yrs.) 6,159 100.0 6,261 (24 yrs.) 6,594 100.0 Departure from normal . . -443 -333 September October . . November December . January. . February. March . . . April May Total Departure from normal White Hall (Pop. 3,025) 279 600 ,209 992 756 279 210 155 4,480 627 279 660 1,023 1,147 924 713 330 31 (56 yrs.) 279 939 1,962 3,109 4,033 4,746 5,076 5,107 5,107 5.5 13.0 19.7 22.5 18.1 14.1 6.5 0.6 100.0 a Compiled from U. S. Dept. Commerce, Weather Bureau, Climatological Data. ■' Population from Sixteenth Census of the United States, 1940. 'Mean — Monthly totals for heating season; Av. — Monthly average over total period for which records have been kept. Table 35. — Production of Fuel Briquets in the United States, 1944-1945 States 1944 1945 Change in 1945, percent Plants Net tons Value Plants Net tons Value Tonnage Value Eastern states Central states Pacific Coast states. . . . 5 22 3 625,779 1,704,005 135,177 $3,393,595 13,680,036 1,360,948 5 24 3 637,740 1,991,733 132,731 $ 3,606,372 16,739,912 1,332,602 + 1-9 + 16.9 - 1.8 + 6.3 +22.4 - 2.1 Total a 30 2,464,961 $18,434,579 32 2,762,204 $21,678,886 + 12.1 + 17.6 1944: 10 plants in Wisconsin; 3 in Missouri; 2 each in Illinois, Michigan, Pennsylvania and West Virginia; and 1 each in Arkansas, California, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming. 1945: 11 plants in Wisconsin; 3 each in Illinois and Missouri; 2 each in Michigan, Pennsylvania and West Vir- ginia; and 1 each in Arkansas, California, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming. COAL 61 Fuel Briquets and Packaged Fuel The fuel brlquetting industry exceeded the previous year's record by 12.1 percent in tonnage and 17.6 percent in value. The total output was 2,762,204 tons, of which 72 percent was produced in the Central States. This is shown in table 35. The states in the Upper Mississippi Val- ley again increased their lead over the Table 36. — Shipments of Fuel Briquets of Domestic Manufacture into the Illinois Coal Market Area, 1943-1945 (In tons) Destination 1943 a 1944 b 1945 b Illinois Indiana Iowa 85,174 48,071 61,150 12,018 3,757 487,122 202,562 38,693 94,172 84,585 425,258 90,358 49,235 90,379 16,595 3,477 515,671 254,360 44,900 125,331 118,811 448,313 92,143 47,321 150,815 Kansas Kentucky Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota. . South Dakota . . Wisconsin 15,384 5,149 551,855 276,471 54,225 145,401 139,399 535,883 Total 1,542,562 1,757,430 2,014,046 Total — United States 1,970,143 2,278,480 2,585,091 Percent of U. S. total 78.2 77.2 77.8 remainder of the country as consumers of fuel briquets. Major consumers in this area are Wisconsin, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Illinois. Briquets marketed in Wisconsin and Min- nesota are manufactured mainly from low- volatile coal screenings obtainable on the lake docks and produced as a result of the double handling of coal from rail to lake and back to rail again at upper lake docks. In North Dakota and South Dakota, the market is supplied by briquets manufac- tured from the lignites of North Dakota. Table 36 gives the shipments of fuel briquets of domestic manufacture into the Illinois coal market area in 1943, 1944, and 1945. Table 37 — Production and Value of Packaged Fuel in Illinois, 1940-1945 a Value at plants Number Year Amount of tons Total Average plants 1940. . 3,813 $36,531 $ 9.60 6 1941.. 8,924 95,431 10.60 6 1942.. 4,980 60,001 12.05 6 1943 b . 3,081 38,445 12.48 4 1944 c . 1,837 23,037 12.55 4 1945 d . 16,690 186,593 11.18 6 a U. S. Bur. Mines, Mineral Market Report No. 1312, July 3, 1945. b U. S. Bur. Mines, Mineral Market Report No. 1404, June 7, 1946. a U. S. Bur. Mines Minerals Yearbooks. b U. S. Bur. Mines Mineral Market Report No. 1175 c U. S. Bur. Mines Mineral Market Report No. 1312. d U. S. Bur. Mines Mineral Market Report No. 1404; includes Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Nebraska. Bur. Mines not permitted to publish Illinois figures alone. 62 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 Table 38. — Coke and Byproducts, Produced, Sold Coal used (M tons) Coal per ton of coke (tons) Coke produced (M tons) Yield of coke (percent of coal used) Plants in operation Ovens in existence Dec. 31 Capacity (M tons) New ovens Abandoned Under construction Source of coal used (M tons) Illinois Indiana Kentucky.^ Pennsylvania West Virginia Other Total (M tons) Low volatile coal Medium volatile coal High volatile coal Coke sold or used by producer Used by producer in blast furnace . . Sold for furnace use Sold for foundry use Sold for domestic use Sold for industrial and other use Coke breeze produced (M tons) Coke oven byproducts Ammonia produced (sulfate equiv.) . Per ton of coal coked Sulfate equivalent sold (M lbs.) .... Coke oven gas produced (Millions cu. ft.) Used Sold Light oil and derivatives sold (M gal.) . . . Tar produced (M gal.) Per ton of coal coked (gal.) Tar and derivatives sold (M gal.) . . . Total byproducts used or sold 1942" Quantity Thousands of dollars 5,225 1.42 3,690 70.63 9 915 4,099 124 227 81 1,523 311 3,200 13 5,355 1,905 976 2,474 561 152 298 585 109 321 95,466 19.10 95,340 50,672 15,507 34,381 9,049 38,820 7.43 29,713 Value at plants $27,594 27,364 18,322 210 221 964 803 749 1,096 4,508 1,417 1,601 $91,849 Av. $5.28 7.50 7.42 7.43 8.03 10.80 6.78 7.36 2.33 0.011 0.131 0.156 0.054 Revised figures. U. S. Bur. Mines Minerals Yearbooks ind Mineral Market Report No. 1428, July 18, 1946. COAL 63 or Used by Producers in Illinois, 1942-1945 1 1943* 1944* 1945 Percent Value at plants Quantity Value at plants Quantity Value at plants change in amount Quantity Thousands Av. Thousands Av. Thousands from 1944 of dollars of dollars of dollars Av. 5,170 $29,059 $ 5.62 5,482 $33,110 $6.04 5,198 $32,034 $6.16 - 5.2 1.43 8.04 1.41 8.52 1.41 8.69 3,625 29,379 8.10 3,879 34,074 8.78 3,682 32,378 8.79 - 5.1 70.15 70.75 70.83 10 9 9 963 992 882 4,547 4,475 4,005 49 75 1 110 75 218 141 246 69 16 51 1,505 1,899 1,792 457 515 438 2,765 2,858 2,718 5,017 5,430 5,247 1,419 1,766 1,737 852 393 372 2,746 3,270 3,138 1,826 14,204 7.78 1,871 15,686 8.38 1,742 14,167 8.13 - 6.9 1,060 8,829 8.33 1,107 9,400 8.49 1,218 10,558 8.67 + 10.0 318 b b 285 3,461 12.14 314 3,815 12.10 + 10.2 343 2,281 6.65 506 4,662 9.21 356 3,415 9.57 -29.6 112 b — 106 852 8.05 84 731 8.70 -20.8 344 954 2.77 374 1,162 3.11 346 1,004 2.90 - 7.5 97,070 102,909 92,942 - 9.8 19.61 18.77 17.88 97,836 983 0.010 100,728 1,217 0.012 97,612 1,199 0.012 - 3.1 49,870 54,864 50,638 - 7.7 14,233 17,351 15,555 -10.4 32,988 5,283 0.160 36,465 5,442 0.149 34,457 4,983 0.145 - 5.5 6,879 1,070 0.156 6,992 1,058 0.151 7,455 1,102 0.149 + 6.6 39,435 38,099 35,547 - 6.7 7.63 6.95 6.84 37,251 2,048 0.055 37,810 2,023 0.054 35,635 1,892 0.053 - 5.7 $94,090 $112,147 $107,278 - 4.4° b Not available. c Percent change in value from 1944. 64 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 Table 39. -Distribution of Coke Shipped or Used by Producer in 1945 a Produced in Illinois Coke Destination Furnace use Foundry use Other industrial use Domestic use Total coke Total breeze California 2,846,707 15,859 7,899 4,740 141,242 28,551 14,170 1,679 20,927 13,051 9,091 34 808 104 13,612 35 2,424 8,577 32 31 3,411 1 , 644 41,688 878 136 167,933 5,818 2,076 2,986 82 2,328 316,893 4,476 970 7,495 178 26,361 8,035 4,740 3,472,775 54,704 17,216 1,679 31,408 13,051 9,091 34 890 104 13,790 35 2,424 8,577 32 31 3,411 1,644 70,377 878 _ Colorado . Illinois 318,702 Indiana 22,824 485 2,239 Michigan Minnesota 43 55 New York Ohio 26,228 Oklahoma 41 Oregon — Pennsylvania South Dakota Texas — Utah Washington Wisconsin 5,325 Export Total 2,862,566 314,628 181,359 356,373 3,714,926 375,942 P roduced in I ndiana and Kentucky Coke Destination Furnace use Foundry use Other industrial use Domestic use Total coke Total breeze Alabama California 1,486,746 5,387,857 540,533 7,179 22,603 7,682 7,452,600 13,360 104 73,747 77,136 26,423 294 94 56,838 5,977 6,745 1,963 646 25,206 408 1,860 41 1,286 40,544 4,427 8,225 167,983 3,271 5,674 3,342 100 77 6,019 22,813 33,530 12,230 30 39,079 198,894 6,508 10,817 94,860 38 581 1 8,520 215 34 1,641 30 4,221 20,081 13,360 104 1,607,797 5,831,870 36,202 294 557,118 155,040 6,115 7,403 1,963 647 46,924 408 2,075 22,603 34 41 32,136 1,286 33,560 56,995 24,538 5,084 Idaho — Illinois Indiana Iowa 83,455 467,297 13,874 Kansas Kentucky Michigan 7,643 46,866 2,854 Minnesota — Missouri — Montana — Nebraska — New York 2,085 Ohio 12,445 Oklahoma 15,980 Oregon — Pennsylvania Tennessee 94 Texas 49 Virginia — Washington — West Virginia Wisconsin 42,785 Export 985 Total 337,099 263,294 385,520 8,438,513 701,496 »U. S. Bur. Mines, Mineral Market Report, No. 1445, July 29, 1946. PETROLEUM AND GAS 65 PETROLEUM AND GAS Petroleum in 1945 — The National Picture Petroleum production in the United States in 1945 again exceeded all previous records. Demand for petroleum products in the closing phases of the war was exceed- ingly heavy and remained high after the cessation of hostilities. The industry pro- duced 1,711,103,000 barrels. Estimated Reserves The national picture of petroleum reserves at the end of 1944 remained unchanged in the states that contribute to the Illinois refining industry. There were additions in Oklahoma, Illinois, Kentucky, and Michigan, but there were losses in Kansas and Arkansas. The estimated reserve as of January 1, 1946, and preceding years is shown in table 40. These estimates, which are prepared each year by the American Petroleum Institute, are conservative. They include only oil reserves in proved fields on production and quantities recoverable with existing methods of production at existing prices. It is by no means an evaluation of undiscovered or untested reserves or of the oil ultimately recoverable in this area. The figure for each year represents the estimated reserves Fig. 10. — Distribution of crude oil produced in Illinois (in millions of barrels) by states, 1945. as of the given date after deducting the quantity withdrawn during the year and adding the current discoveries, extensions, and upward revisions for existing pools. Production The production of oil in the United States, by states, grouped according to pro- ducing districts, is given in table 41. Table 40. — Estimates of Proved Oil Reserves in the States Serving the Illinois Area, Jan. 1, 1935-Jan. 1, 1946 a (Millions of barrels) As of Jan. 1 Oklahoma Kansas Illinois Arkansas Kentucky Indiana Nebraska Michigan 1946 890 542 350 304 57 41 1 64 1945 970 602 321 293 41 31 1 65 1944 909 646 295 297 35 31 1 55 1943 969 687 307 300 35 32 2 64 1942 1,036 690 334 295 36 23 — 56 1941 1,002 692 315 306 41 14 — 35 1940 1,063 726 382 320 44 14 — 51 1939 1,162 613 243 188 38 6 43 1938 1,212 601 41 192 38 3 — 49 1937 1936 1935 1,141 568 28 84 39 3 — 44 1,235 390 37 103 50 5 — 64 From reports of Committee on Petroleum Reserves, American Petroleum Institute. 66 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 , .fi -4 r- CN oo t*< LO , co on r-- ^h so oo ■**< CN i— lo lo r~- On r- ON lo o oo lo oo on O ON ■-Hooooonh- On oo r--Lor-© loonloh- 4 ,-H vO CN CN lo ON 1—1 '■u *o^o\noo LO "f ON "f r- CN ON CO CO t^ (N OO CO OO CN tJh & ooco^r^oon LO SO SOCOOO ON -1 oo cn cn lo so oo co lo tjh r» so Tf r^- oo on co oo — i r~- o on ON HrtvO^HO\ so on o>cnco lo TficNoo lo i— i .— i cn co OS r— *— ' '£ ■*or^>^^oa\ co r-- 1-h^hco so ONSOCO ON rJH •— i so 0> Tfi lo C & a\^ooa\Tj CN CN .-h J^ r- < SO OO OO CN SO ^h 1—1 •rj SO CO -— i "*< i— i CO CN -Hrna > 1— CO ON O CO CN CN OO CO r- lo 5 r^ r^- so oo co co sO LO CN CN O co CN ON OO ON O •— CO rf OO CN ^h ^H rHfO r^~ cn cn CO ~ i"t so On o •* oo r^- oo CO © CN Tf r- rt< X oo o so rf o r- lo so lo O c OO ON tJh O LO ^H CO Tj* CO ^ LO on cn ^h co rf on r-^ oo CN r-rsc > O co r-^ lo lo r^ on 5 so on r- •— i o oo CO OO SO LO OC O CN oo c- CO SO SO Tt* CO •- n CN CN ON CO ^ *f r- Tf oo co o LO C > -"f ~ CO sO CN ^h CN ^ " A* ON Tt< CN oo oo <3 c On sd r^ CN ^J 't ^ "* >^ NwtNON(NO (N ON ■* so O "f CO t^Mh so O sO oc Tf CO i-H CN O O S LO ON p SO ^ CO O r- lo cn r- LO ON ^H SO i-H LT > co i — 1 • rj CO ON CN lo r-~ OO sC CN On r^ c ON ^h LO OC lo co 'f r^ lo v ) ^ a 5- so " c O -** 1 LT O cn r^ O" \ On CN t— ■*" co sC ^ CN CN OO CO LO r~- ON CO ON CO i- Tf O CO so •-H CO sC cs ^H CN " " i -^ u- LT CN LO CO S c LT SC LO CN CO >s LO SO ON ON Tf CO SC oo so C 1 "* so oo — LO r^ OO OO ON c LO On r~- O CO LO CN O on wn i co >-. oo co co r-- co lo y Tf co co r- V ^ o ^ O SO LT TjH ON Tf OO CN ON co O O co ^ o 3" lt ■*tNC t~- ^h -h CN lo SC SO i — i •jj cn -f r- so on o OC c CN lo t- OC oo 1 oo <3 » r^^ONONH ur rj- OO CN c HlOr- OC - 4-1 CJ u 5 dcontinent: Arkansas. 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ON \D wo CN r- CN CN s CO O G l-H G T3 " < $0.97 1.00 .88 .84 .93 .93 .98 1.04 1.08 _3 > oo wo r-. wo co ON i— i ^h OO wo on r^- oo on co t-s. rfH ^h on r- CN CN CO ON oo 5©^ -H ^H CO 00 \0 ON r-< O OO ^H CO y— 1 OO CO O wo OO CO r~- 00 wo vO i—i co wo con^"^" C O H CO co oo CO wo i— i v.0 wo ^D wo WO CN "^ ^D OO O y— < t^ wo tJh" ^h wo ON \D OO CO CN Tf CO O 00 r^ no r- WO T^ NO ON NO MD -^ T+H NO CO 1— 1 CN OO CN CN CN CO CO ^"* cS r- OO ON O ^ CO co co tF ^ On 0\ On ON On (N CO -^ wo rt^ "^ rf "^ ON ON ON On > < O -h ON \DO ON ON OO OO ON NO CO wo 1— 1 00 00 r^ no r- 1^ g ^3 > On wo co wo vo co O On oo r^ ONt-- rf ONCN no no o co no On no no 1—1 00 OhcoOh 1^ i— i rfi t^ Tt 1 wo wo oo r*-. cn m O wo on 00 i-H t*h no i-< no r>- 1—1 1—1 CO CN 00 CO G O H wo O ON CN f^- y-< o r~- ^f oo r- wo r^ oo oo O wo ON OO CN CO NO T^ WO NO CO NO tJh wo NO on ^t 1 no wo -^r 1 ■^"r-- *-h on - PQ 5 p S 3 78 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 J 51.20 < .80 > ' 40 < .00 1 - *- **•- - ,, — — — — **■ — "*" AVERAGE " VALUE PER TON 1 1 1 1 I 1 i i,l 1 i i i i 1 i 1 1 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 / / 1 11 A / 1 X i li it i /A-» — VALUE // II AMOU N T '/ / / 2,000 1,500 * It 1 J! j 1,000 /r / 500 n i i " i i i it lit, t i i i i i i i i 4500 4000 3500 to 3000 < -J _j o a IL 2500 O to Q 2 < to D 2000 O D -I 1500 < 1000 500 1927 1930 1935 1940 1945 Fig. 13. — Annual use of agstone in Illinois, 1927-1945. 1950 Table 55. — Agstone Used in Illinois, by Counties, 1944 and 1945 a County Adams Alexander . . Bond Boone Brown Bureau Calhoun. . . . Carroll Cass Champaign . Christian . . . Clark Clay Clinton Coles Cook Crawford . . . Cumberland DeKalb De Witt. . . . Douglas DuPage Edgar Edwards Effingham . . Fayette Ford Franklin. . . . Fulton Gallatin Greene Grundy Hamilton. . . Hancock. . . . Hardin Henderson. . Henry Iroquois Jackson Jasper Jefferson Jersey Jo Daviess. . Johnson Kane Kankakee . . Kendall Knox Lake LaSalle Lawrence. . . Lee Livingston. . Logan McDonough Total used in 1944 (tons) 49 9 40 15 10 101 16 33 25 30 51 40 30 37 30 46 30 30 50 4 4 26 30 16 39 20 20 17 11 30 17 18 15 47 31 55 90 60 21 50 72 17 30 9 71 64 30 57 9 125 15 125 87 79 30 000 200 000 700 000 300 000 000 000 000 700 300 100 000 000 400 000 000 000 500 000 100 000 900 500 500 000 200 000 000 700 000 700 000 300 400 000 000 100 300 000 500 000 000 000 000 000 200 600 000 600 000 700 700 000 Tons used in 1945 Produced in Illinois 50,000 3,200 33,800 16,900 12,000 100,000 18,000 36,000 30,000 80,000 75,000 58,500 21,600 35,200 40,000 21,400 30,000 25,000 75,000 13,200 20,000 46,600 30,000 11,300 37,700 27,000 22,000 24,800 39,000 20,000 17,700 20,000 10,400 21,400 13,600 41,400 85,200 64,500 16,100 37,800 28,100 35,000 24,500 14,000 60,100 77,000 25,000 52,800 12,000 128,000 9,500 130,700 196,900 46,300 25,000 Produced in other states 1,200 3,000 2,200 3,600 2,100 300 200 3,000 4,300 1,000 4,300 400 4,800 500 200 17,900 500 12,700 1,000 Total used in Illinois 50 3 35 16 12 100 18 36 30 80 75 58 24 37 40 25 30 25 75 13 20 46 30 13 38 27 25 29 40 20 17 20 14 21 13 41 90 65 16 37 46 35 25 14 60 77 25 65 12 128 10 130 196 46 25 000 200 000 900 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 500 600 400 000 000 000 000 000 200 000 600 000 400 000 200 000 100 000 000 700 000 700 800 600 400 000 000 300 800 000 000 000 000 100 000 000 500 000 000 500 700 900 300 000 Acres of arable land and plowable pasture (1940 census) 328,009 58,779 168,876 139,691 119,648 440,808 70,886 200,264 157,002 560,583 373,342 217,376 201,735 210,349 254,255 199,206 193,868 157,832 349,131 211,909 231,817 116,731 307,538 108,888 213,369 275,732 280,058 146,843 338,466 127,951 226,052 218,241 179,698 340,637 50,649 156,071 423,236 611,482 188,088 240,290 242,802 134,766 225,208 112,452 255,882 348,647 168,326 317,827 140,960 585,735 165,983 385,196 595,765 346,615 270,917 Average No. Pounds per acre b 1944 1945 299 313 474 225 168 460 456 330 319 107 277 372 299 352 236 466 310 373 286 43 35 450 195 310 371 149 143 235 65 470 157 165 175 276 1,240 716 425 197 224 420 593 260 267 161 556 367 357 359 128 426 188 648 294 459 222 80 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 194-5 Table 55. — (Concluded) Total used in 1944 (tons) Tons used in 1945 Acres of arable land and plowable pasture (1940 census) Avera Pol per ge No. County Produced in Illinois Produced in other states Total used in Illinois acre b 1944 1945 McHenry McLean 40,200 75,000 33,800 16,800 40,000 37,600 10,600 33,000 11,000 21,400 20,000 39,400 36,700 20,000 16,800 60,000 75,000 16,800 20,000 40,000 6,500 12,500 1 1 , 800 50,000 24,400 75,000 78,400 23,700 60,500 2,500 15,000 36,500 12,800 50,000 30,000 24,700 50,000 10,000 75,000 55,000 60,000 55,400 85,000 39,100 25,000 25,000 21,200 411,300 39,900 110,000 26,900 28,600 36,300 25,000 36,700 38,800 12,100 20,000 19,400 40,000 70,300 35 , 200 24,000 73,700 74,500 14,200 45,000 40,000 5,000 5,100 20,100 50,700 17,500 39,500 74,900 17,000 64,900 7,300 21,000 46,000 26,000 75,400 40,000 20,800 70,000 4,800 60,000 4,400 14,200 37,400 100,000 47,500 15,300 30,000 29,400 42,640 100 1,000 2,700 11,900 600 400 500 8,700 4,300 2,500 500 100 2,300 100 100 100 2,900 11,800 15,800 30,100 17,600 3,960 39,900 110,000 27,000 29,600 39,000 36,900 36,700 38 , 800 12,100 20,000 20,000 40,000 70,700 35,200 24,000 73,700 75,000 22,900 45,000 40,000 5,000 5,100 20,100 55,000 20,000 40,000 75,000 19,300 65,000 7,400 21,000 46,100 28,900 75,400 40,000 20,800 70,000 16,600 60,000 20,200 44,300 55,000 100,000 47,500 15,300 30,000 29,400 46,600 262,434 656,782 305,531 342,781 307,651 239,131 189,489 248,797 89,357 154,392 251,449 155,971 322,306 261,346 178,794 383,404 243,380 156,265 246,223 341,756 92,321 68,920 66,867 227,475 186,383 156,111 258,552 145,818 425,644 144,306 103 , 624 374,712 148,213 283,408 304,959 123,799 451,146 103,459 271,171 242,105 330,724 240,726 350,544 396,213 128,514 219,494 258,560 306 228 222 98 261 314 112 266 247 278 159 506 228 156 188 314 616 215 163 235 141 363 354 440 262 960 582 326 284 35 290 196 173 353 197 399 222 193 553 455 363 460 484 197 389 228 164 305 335 176 Macoupin 172 253 Marion 309 Marshall 384 Mason 312 Massac 272 Menard 259 Mercer 159 Monroe 513 Montgomery 437 266 Moultrie 268 Ogle 385 Peoria 616 Perry 293 Piatt 366 Pike 235 PoDe 108 Pulaski 148 Putnam 600 Randolph Richland Rock Island St. Clair 484 215 512 579 Saline 264 Sangamon Schuyler 305 103 Scott 404 Shelby 246 Stark 391 Stephenson 533 262 335 Vermilion Wabash 310 322 Warren 442 Washington Wayne 166 267 White 458 Whiteside Will 569 239 Williamson Winnebago Woodford County not specified 237 274 227 Total 4,214,600 4,043,640 181,260 4,224,900 25,133,474 336 Av. 336 Av. a Compiled from canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey, in cooperation with Illinois Agricultural Association Midwest Agricultural Limestone Institute. b Calculated from columns 5 and 6. STONE, ROCK PRODUCTS 81 AVERAGE IN POUNDS PER ACRE [ | Less than 200 200 - 299 Fry] 300 - 399 r^H 400 - 499 HHS 500 and over Fig. 14. — Agstone used in Illinois in 1945, showing county averages in pounds per acre of arable land and plowable pasture. 82 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U5 Table 56. — Agstone Produced in Other States and Used in Illinois, 1940-1945 a (In tons) Tons Percent of Year sold in total Illinois Illinois consumption 1940 106,912 5.9 1941 95,226 3.2 1942 171,035 4.5 1943 166,518 5.3 1944 314,800 7.5 1945 181,200 4.3 a From canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey. farm advisers, whichever is the larger. Pro- duction not accounted for in the county totals is given at the bottom of the table marked "counties not specified." The total amount used in Illinois is the actual total of deliveries in Illinois reported by pro- ducers. Table 56 gives the total amount of agstone produced in other states but mar- keted in Illinois. Table 57 gives the total amount produced in Illinois which was mar- keted in other states. The map (fig. 14) shows the average amount of agstone used in each county in pounds per acre of arable land and plow- able pasture. In previous reports the aver- ages have been based on acres of arable land, but in this report plowable pasture land is also included in order to give a broader basis of comparative use for agstone in the various counties. CEMENT Sales of cement by producers in Illinois during 1945 amounted to 4,510,000 barrels, valued at the plants at $7,655,000. This was an increase of 25 percent from the pre- vious year, and brings the cement industry to slightly above the level of 1943, as shown in figure 15. The largest percentage in- creases were in masonry or mortar cements, and in high-early-strength cement, as shown in table 58. LIME Sales of lime by producers in Illinois in 1945 amounted to 287,600 tons, valued at the plants at $2,229,000, as shown in table 59. This total is approximately equal to that for the previous year. Quicklime sales were greater for chemical and industrial uses and less for building uses than in 1944. Hydrated lime demand was greater for water treatment. 1 rends in the sale of lime for the past 25 years are shown graph- ically in figure 15. MINERAL WOOL Canvass of the sales of mineral wool has been transferred by the Federal Govern- ment from the U. S. Bureau of Mines to the U. S. Bureau of the Census. Sales of this mineral product for 1945 are not avail- able. Totals for previous years are given in table 1, and in previous annual reports on "Illinois Mineral Industry." Table 57. -Agstone Produced in Illinois and Marketed in Other States, 1940-1945 b (In tons) Year Wisconsin Iowa Missouri Kentucky Indiana Other states b Total 1940.... 950 353 5,450 3,800 15,225 25,778 1941.... — 100 867 940 1,800 1,125 4,832 1942.... 450 — 203 9,700 28,811 19,853 59,017 1943.... — 11,000 1,192 1,000 34,579 28,200 75,971 1944.... — 7,683 8 8,900 46,302 110,318 173,211 1945.... — — ■ 2,700 23,600 46,000 117,900 190,200 a From canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey. b Marketed outside Illinois, destination seldom specified. STONE, ROCK PRODUCTS 83 S) 10 * ft < aa <0 -4 z o H 2 .----'**' \ \ 20 YR. AV _/ \ \ '"" "**"»„ «» """' ~ . r \ >_ t ^' 1 1,1 1.... i 1 -1 1- I ,1 — i 1 — i i i i i i I 1 4 00 350 300 Z250 200 '920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 Fig. 15. — Annual shipments of cement and lime by producers in Illinois, 1920-1945. 84 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 Table 58. — Cement Sold or Used by Line No. Kind Standard Portland cement: General use and moderate heat Special Portland cements: High-early-strength Other special Portlands Total Portland cement Less cement used in manufacture of masonry or mortar cements Masonry or mortar cements Total cement Plants b 1943* Amount bbls. c 3,925,910 d 381,368 4,307,278 83,000 4,224,278 280,164 4,504,442 Value at plants Total $5,888,562 d 769,327 6,657,889 128,600 6,529,289 436,318 $6,965,607 Av. $1.50 2.02 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.56 $1.55 * Revised figures. a Compiled from canvass made by U. S. Bureau of Mines. b Number of plants reporting production. c Weight per bbl. 376 lbs. Table 59. — Lime Sold or Used by Kind and Use 1943* Line No. Plants b Amount tons Value at plants Total Av. 1 Quicklime and sintered dolomite 4 5 3 2 4 4,828 232,445 8,188 c 37,823 $ 53,971 1,789,462 53,394 c 250,261 $11.18 2 7.70 3 6.52 4 — 5 6.62 Total 6 8 283,284 2,147,088 7.58 7 Hydrated lime 4 2 3 2,261 d 29,190 24,618 d 214,834 10.89 8 — 9 7.36 Total 10 4 31,451 239,452 7.61 11 8 314,735 $2,386,540 $7.58 * Revised figures. a Compiled from joint canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines. b Number of plants reporting production. STONE, ROCK PRODUCTS 85 Produers in Illinois, 1943-1945 a 1944* 1945 Amount bbls. c Value at plants Plants b Amount bbls. c Value at plants Percent change in amount from 1944 Line No. Plants 5 Total Av. Total Av. 4 3 2 3,215,801 180,713 e 23,301 $4,940,709 346,590 e 38,497 $1.54 1.92 1.65 4 4 3 3,753,362 269,194 f 166, 893 $6,259,802 547,558 f 281,758 $1.67 2.03 1.69 + 16.7 + 48.9 +616.2 1 2 3 4 4 3,419,815 82,200 5,325,796 128,200 1.56 1.56 4 4 4,189,449 108,105 7,089,118 182,697 1.69 1.69 + 22.5 + 31.5 4 5 4 4 3,337,615 259,459 5,197,596 395,107 1.56 1.52 4 4 4,081,344 428,588 6,906,421 748,455 1.44 1.74 + 22.3 + 65.2 6 7 4 3,597,074 $5,592,703 $1.55 4 4,509,932 $7,654,876 $1.70 + 25.4 8 d Includes waterproof-portland cement. e Includes low-heat and waterproof-portland cements. f Includes air-entrained, low-heat, and waterproof-portland cements. Producers in Illinois, 1943—1945 a 1944* 1945 Amount tons Value at plants Plants b Amount tons Value at plants Percent change in amount from 1944 Line No. Plants b Total Av. Total Av. 3 5 2 2 3 4,829 211,502 c c 37,656 $ 61,197 1,662,586 c c 260,229 $12.67 7.86 6.91 3 6 3 3 2 4,248 201 , 533 15,929 16,552 14,565 $ 49,519 1,582,040 104,927 118,974 105,191 $11.66 7.85 6.591 7.19V 7. 22 J - 12.1 - 4.7 + 24.9 1 2 3 4 5 7 253,987 1,984,012 7.81 7 252,827 1,960,651 7.75 - 0.5 6 4 3 2 3,044 16,518 17,439 35,568 119,088 127,871 11.68 7.21 7.30 4 4 3 2,936 18,906 12,938 30,626 138,795 98,837 10.43 7.34 7.64 - 3.5 + 14.2 - 26.0 7 8 9 5 37,001 282,527 7.64 5 34,780 268,258 7.71 - 6.0 10 7 290,988 $2,266,539 $7.78 7 287,607 $2,228,909 $ 7.75 - 1.2 11 c Included in other chemical and industrial uses (line 5), d Included in other chemical and industrial uses (line 9). $6 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 %5 Ganister and Sandstone Ganister is a siliceous material found in Union and Alexander counties of southern Illinois. It is used for refractory purposes. Sandstone and miscellaneous stone are produced in various parts of the State for road work, and for foundations, riprap, and rubble, mostly by non-commercial opera- tions. Sales and uses of these materials by pro- ducers in Illinois are given in table 60. Table 60. — Ganister and Sandstone, Sold or Used by Producers in Illinois, 1942-1945 a Amount b tons Value at plants Year Total Av. 1942 1943 1944 1945 2,948 1,045 548 8,573 $ 9,376 6,557 4,774 10,791 $3.18 6.27 8.71 1.26 a Compiled from joint canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines. h Includes ganister for refractory purposes and sandstone for road work, and for foundations, riprap, and rubble. CLAYS, CLAY PRODUCTS 87 CLAYS, CLAY PRODUCTS Clays and clay products (including full- er's earth and silica refractories), sold and shipped by producers in Illinois in 1945, were valued at the plants at $19,492,000, retaining the position of the fourth largest mineral industry in Illinois, ranking next to coal, petroleum, and stone and rock prod- ucts. The sales of clays and clay products dur- ing 1945 showed an increase of $3,525,000 in value over those for 1944. This increase amounted to 22 percent, which was the largest total increase for any mineral group in Illinois for 1945, and was the second largest proportional increase, next to metals which attained 25 percent increase in value. Clays, Including Fuller's Earth Clays (including fuller's earth) which were sold and shipped as such, amounted to 213,100 tons, valued at the mines or pits at $914,000, an increase of 3 percent in value from the previous year, as shown in table 61. Clays used by their producers in the manu- facture of clay products at their own plants are not included, but are reported in the resultant clay products in table 62. Fuller's earth, sold and used by produc- ers in Illinois during 1945, amounted to 43,664 tons, valued at the plants at $403,- 100 which was an increase of 3 percent in both amount and value from 1944. Operations in 1945 established a new all- time high record for tonnage and almost equalled the high record for value of $406,- 500 which was established in 1926. Ceramic uses of clays sold and shipped as such in 1945 amounted to 111,500 tons, valued at the mines or pits at $238,200. The largest ceramic use was for laying and daubing refractories. Nonceramic uses of clays in 1945 amounted to 101,600 tons, valued at the plants at $675,800. Next to the use of fuller's earth for oil refining and cleaners, the largest nonceramic use of clays was for bonding foundry sands. Nonceramic uses comprised 48 percent in amount and 74 percent in value of all clays sold or shipped as such during 1945. The Illinois Geological Survey has con- ducted a cooperative research into the use of clays for bonding foundry sands. The results of this research have recently been published in Report of Investigations No. 102 — "The Bonding Action of Clays — Part I : Clays in Green Molding Sands," and No. 110 — "Part II: Clays in Dry Molding Sands," by Ralph E. Grim and F. Leicester Cuthbert. The use of surface clays for bonding foundry sands is consid- ered in Report of Investigations No. 104 — "Illinois Surface Clays as Bonding Clays for Molding Sands," by R. M. Grogan and J. E. Lamar. Clay Products, Including Silica Refractories Clay products (including silica refracto- ries), sold and shipped by producers in Illi- nois in 1945, were valued at the plants at $18,577,900, an increase of 23 percent in value from 1944, as shown in table 62. REFRACTORIES Refractories, clay and silica, amounted to 227,700 tons, valued at the plants at $4,171 000. This was an increase of 14 percent in amount, due largely to many industrial plants making extensive repairs to refractory equipment. Many of these repairs had been deferred during the pres- sure of war production. Total value of refractories sold increased only 3 percent from 1944, due to more low-priced grades being included in the operations during 1945. STRUCTURAL CLAY PRODUCTS Structural clay products amounted to 1,123,800 tons, valued at the plants at $7,486,000. These totals showed the re- markable increase of 52 percent in amount and 76 percent in value from that for 1944, due to the resumption of civilian construc- tion following four years of curtailment during the war. The 1945 total value for structural clay products exceeded by 2 per- cent their average value for the three imme- diate prewar years, 1939, 1940, 1941, which was $7,340,000. 88 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 If 5 X Q s. X Q < 55 r*< CO w X D < Q V < j OO -i Q Lj fe M c r* 1 c „. r^ CO r}H OS O P- > osr-- p- oc r^ £ 8L5~ oo^ooou- o c ! o -h O CN C f> 1 CN OS p- ) CN CN u rt > g i-h oo cn t-i r^ >o o Qh_C g + 111 4 - -f - -f + M -\ - 4 1 +4 - 4 - 4- ^ c ^ ■i-l ,,_| ■!_> rf C „, C OS to (N O i- r^ c ) r- *-> OO OO SC ) sc 5 so rf P- ) r~ t^- oj rt £ g rf rf co sc c c ) r- ^h CN SO rt * a 5 SO SO P - > sc 5 t^ to OO CN 1- OS to o 1-1 MM 1 4 - 1 + M 1 1 1 1 4 - 1 1 co so to o* cn p* o- cn r^ co o rt < CO CO P" ) r- Os 12 > O ^H T-H r- c o CN i-H r--^H r- ' CO CN CN sc CN e < o ir- -* O r- rf r^ OC i-H O tr sC rf rf -H Tf O* r- oc SC OO sO -^ rt p* ) — CO oc CN SO rf rt o SO l-H C~ 5 1 — P" ) H rf tr o- Ol CN sC os ^o\nc O rt r- rf CN to O C ) OS O rt P" CO O oo oo tr CN sC o> to r^- r^ sc r- sO OS sC ) o OS C (NO^O rf sC c rf CO sC O "t OS OS sc ) SC > o 3 e CN so C a c p- — i CO tr >— to i— i P" ) 1- P-) U-) ,— sC Tt O CO CN rt c ^H 1— 1 CN rH CN < _£, CO c to CO CN O cn ^ c CO rf — rt c CO ^f i- sC ) CO rt »"- 1 Qh r^ oo rf sc U» c sC co co -f r- NSOf rt so CO > SO r— ' tO r- sC o OC Os oo O p- o \ r- rf cn c CO G < ri^-nr CN o p- r-H CO -H r- CO rf O I sc CO rt &$ -h 6rS ft 4-1 O r- *-i to c* ^ o> vOCO- to co O f c co r^ sc ) sC OS rnONXr 1— to ^ O SO rj Tf OO P- to rf J3 C3 to to (N sC s I? 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Ln -0 C U ying k, re ucts nott rt O u 5/3 C 4- b 5r S CO t2 J- V C - $ rt JS.Si'^-c •v£± U c 3 _f a rt > r C > o CJ "a H £ 2 a 8 a > 6 g 4) O 3 CLAYS, CLAY PRODUCTS 89 *, G Tf lOrHT*IO> O CN l^ © t-~ O t-- ^ ur oc OO SOiOr- c^ CN T-H !j^ H O\00rhC o CO NO r- w-> CO CO i-< 1 it U" 1 CN O O CN C CN e*- CN «- G rt c g tNOh oq ^H CO i-h 1 O r» 1 T-H CN CN i—i CN + 1 + 1 4 + + 4 + 1 ++ 4 - 4 1 1 + 1 4 - 4 " + u c ^3: vo w-i lo ON O CN CO 1 o s O 1 1 1 1 1 1 I i 1 " C S P cu ns £ g T-H O 1- NO >-o i- ^Hlf 1 vr 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 + 1 -1 + + 1 + 1 ++ 4 - 4 -HCO't'h NO «J-> c OONrHrt C > NC > en > ntNooh tr oo on r- CN vO CN r- 1 r- 4 NC II 1 1 II I 1 1 C < r^Ot^oc oc if © i- VO OO VO if *s ) NC • i i 1 rt *-* co co i-i CN C CN a. ©& ON OO OO W> NC r> On r^ oc if -f CN <-0 OC C" if CO O co co C tr c r^ ooor^c © »-« © t- r-> if if t^ r- o cn ^h c u- ON NO O oo U-, o \ oc T— r-» """ ' -r > oc o ON 3 rt so + o c c if CN it thonoooo I r- NC ^h O CN NO NO C t-h no cn no oo r- C r- t-H rt O (N CM CO o r^ ■f On oo r~- 1 h oc o r- On > H ^ CO CO NO O so «o CO if c it t-h t-h if <-o oo r- o tr if CO ^ if t-T uo r- t-T t-h" CN NC oc ON e^ m i— i lo cn r-» V r- cn cn CO^O^ sx > >-r t^DtNr vr co o r- u-^ ^h oo r~- ^r r-- c on r-» r^ oc CN if co »o CO c LT c o CN i-h (Nhh 1 c NC r*- s >-o o co c^ NC OCi co oo if cn r- r> en > r-- «-o «-o oc f> oo r^ r- On ON ON r— i 1 t* r» MINI | 1 1 a < oo oo Os c c i— i r- v rt< t-- if CO it w- 1 1 1 1 1 1 i rt i-H CO t-H O o T-H ,-H O CN €^ (N^oon r^ Tti r^ ^c t^ CN ON CO r- r- w> CN VO CN ON r- c it CO lo if r- i— oc On On r~ CN so if ON OC T— on r- no if no r- CN CN oo CD , — i vOO'tM r^ ©~ o" I <^ OC O if CN NO NO rt it NC NO as O CN ^O NO i— ir t^tNr- t-H I-H ON CO 1 C ir co on cn r-- no r- NC r^ NO > H ^ TjH _, C- C CN CO so NO CN if C CN 1 tNTH^inioh r- c ON * CO ^t CN CN it T-H T-H CN NC U" ^o 3 m m ON i— ' r^ w-) r- cN i— r- vo ^c i—i ON v >~> i— 1 i— f- ONrivOrJ- (N >-o if r^ r-- co co if c oc 5 en oo r^ cn i— c . Tf vo w- r-- if on no oc tr 3 e >>OHOor c 3 cn oo"~ c on r^ co oo 1 h r^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 NO i-H i— c O ON T-H o cn r-- ^ i-h I nc c^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CN _C ^, 4H U-) r> < 4-J XI CO g r^v^vDv' T— "f ^H CN NO CN U-) CN 1 h cc CO if CO <-0 co -f NC ir o CN ^h (NrHH | c^ NC r- s bi) q en o 4-1 o .»1 'a, O o -H O "rt_C v V CJ 3 -o C c C CD 3 t * * bfl.t l l H CJ 3 O T3 _nj 1) en Sewer pipe, flue lining, Terra cotta and glazed Other structural nroduc > G-G G^: IS i5 li ^ C c ^ ■>-G ^i CJ en C 3'rt -n .t; c -c >,CN G efractories, clay and sil Firebrick, and shapes. Plastic and castable r Cements and mortars Other refractories c o rt <£ rt O C rt > ^ c . 'rt o M a 3 *- a 3 Ih X u Si = CJ 3 Ih "b o H « c £ £ <3 cl .-^ £ Stoneware and kitche Dinnerware and art c Art Dotterv c a s rt -G H CJ 3 -o P > n CJ "r O H rt no -u ^ "O S c rt rt t-h en ^O ^ >-« en rt cu "o _o i rt H * =o H 90 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1U5 {£. < 25 O20 15 > h- O H o O |0 2 cr < 6 _i _i O Q UJ D -I 3 < > /^TOTAI . VALUE - CLAYS AND CLAY PRODUCTS / \ / / / \ V i ^^"~STR UCTURAL Q \ / / i /WH / W ITE- ' 'ARE / / >1 \ s \ f 1 1 i ,/re / / "RACTORI \ ES \ I I I // // f // ~~~ CL AYS 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Fig. 16. — Value of annual sales of clays and clay products in Illinois, 1939-1945. CLAYS, CLAY PRODUCTS 91 Common brick sold were valued at $4,615,000, which showed an increase of 103 percent in value from that for 1944. This was an increase of 64 percent above their average value for 1939, 1940, 1941, which was $2,807,800. Face brick sold in 1945 were valued at $1,012,100, which was an increase of 207 percent in value above that for 1944. This remarkable proportional increase brought the 1945 value of face brick sold to the point where it still was 44 percent less than the average value for 1939, 1940, 1941, which was $1,795,400. Drain tile sold in 1945 were valued at $599,300, which was a decrease of 3 per- cent in value from that for 1944, but this 1945 value was 26 percent more than the average value for 1939, 1940, 1941, which was $473,000. Structural tile sold in 1945 were valued at $388,600, which was an increase of 34 percent in value above that for 1944. The 1945 value of structural tile sold was 49 percent less than the average value for 1939, 1940, 1941, which was $759,100. Sewer pipe, flue lining, and wall coping sold in 1945 were valued at $478,700, which was an increase of 11 percent in value above that for 1944, but was 3 percent less than the average value for 1939, 1940, 1941, which was $490,900. WHITEWARE AND POTTERY Whiteware and pottery sold and shipped by Illinois producers in 1945 were valued at $6,920,900, an increase of 2 percent in value above that for 1944. The 1945 value was 53 percent more than the average value for 1939, 1940, 1941, which was $4,518,- 600. This indicated that the large demand for whiteware developed during the war period was continued during 1945. Stoneware and kitchenware sold in 1945 were valued at $1,160,700, which was a decrease of 3 percent in value from that for 1944, but was 92 percent more than the average value for 1939, 1940, 1941, which was $607,700. Art pottery sold in 1945 was valued at $1,566,700, practically equal to that for 1944, and was 71 percent more than the average value for 1939, 1940, 1941, which was $914,900. Vitreous-china plumbing fixtures sold in 1945 were valued at $2,886,300, which was an increase of 12 percent in value above that for 1944, and was 46 percent more than the average value for 1939, 1940, 1941, which was $1,976,100. Value of annual sales of clays and clay products by producers in Illinois for the years 1939-1945 are shown graphically in figure 16. 92 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 SAND AND GRAVEL Silica Sand The amount of silica sand sold or used by producers in Illinois in 1945 was 2,576,- 400 tons, valued at the plants at $3,723,700, as shown in table 63. This was a decrease in amount of nearly 23 percent under that for the previous year, caused by general slackening of foundry operations. Illinois ranks first among the states in the produc- tion of silica sand for steel molding sand and for glass sand. Other Sand and Gravel Table 64 shows sand (other than silica sand) and gravel sold or used by producers in Illinois in 1943, 1944, and 1945. The total of all sand (other than silica sand) and gravel for 1945 amounted to 9,399,400 Table 63. — Silica Sand, Sold or Used Use Type of operation 1943 Line No Plants b Amount tons Value at plants Total Av. 2 3 4 5 Industrial Sands Glass sand Steel molding sand Blast, grinding and polishing sands Fire or furnace sand Engine and filter sands Commercial.. . u « a 4 11 3 3 3 2 1,004,796 2,285,092 186,662 46,399 10,755 58,857 $1,425,895 2,813,907 553,844 53,024 17,372 103,499 $1.42 1.24 2.97 1.12 1.62 6 Other silica sand d Total 1.76 7 Commercial.. . 12 3,592,561 4,967,541 1.38 8 Construction Sands Structural and paving sands Commercial.. . 2 21,183 32,941 1.56 9 Total silica sand Commercial.. . 12 3,613,744 $5,000,482 $1.38 a Compiled from joint canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines. '' Number of plants reporting production. c Included in "Fire or furnace sand". d Except sand ground for silica flour, which is given in table 65, "Ground Silica". SAND AND GRAVEL 93 tons, valued at the plants at $4,684,500. This was an increase of 4 percent in amount above that for 1944. Amount of sand increased 12 percent, mostly for construc- tion. Amount of gravel remained practi- cally the same. Commercial and Government-and- contractor operations About 740,000 tons, or 8 percent of the sand and gravel produced in Illinois during 1945, came from government-and-contractor operations which includes the State of Illi- nois, counties, townships, and municipalities, produced either by themselves or by con- tractors expressly for their use. Purchases by government agencies from commercial producers are included in commercial oper- ations. Annual production and value of sand (including silica sand) and gravel in Illi- nois is shown graphically in figure 17 for each year since 1920. The average value per ton is also given for each year. by Producers in Illinois, 1943-1945 a 1944 1945 Amount tons Value at plants Plants b Amount tons Value at plants Percent change in amount from 1944 Line No Plants' 5 Total Av. Total Av. 4 12 4 5 3 985,059 2,039,163 182,535 35,254 c 72,242 $1,491,255 2,404,148 540,960 53,832 c 126,986 $1.51 1.18 2.96 1.53 1.76 4 12 3 3 3 4 969,321 1,311,579 125,541 63,893 11,933 80,193 $1,461,958 1,612,858 398,370 59,404 30,837 138,702 $1.51 1.23 3.17 .93/ 2.58( 1.73 - 1.6 - 35.7 - 36.7 + 110.5 + 11.0 2 3 4 5 6 12 3,314,253 4,617,181 1.39 13 2,562,460 3,702,129 1.44 - 22.7 7 2 16,932 25,798 1.52 2 14,000 21,602 1.54 - 17.3 8 12 3,331,185 $4,642,979 $1.39 13 2,576,460 $3,723,731 $1.45 - 22.7 9 94 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U5 Table 64. — Sand (Other than Silica Sand) and Gravel, Kind and Use Type of Operation 1943* Line No. Plants b Amount tons Value at plants Total Av. 1 ? Sand {other than silica sand) Industrial Sands Natural-bonded molding sand Engine sand Commercial.. . a 8 14 81,375 c 160,397 $ 104.494 c 69,307 $1.28 .43 Total Construction Sands Structural sands d Paving and highway-structures sand Paving and highway-structures sand Railroad-ballast sand Other construction sands Total Total sand (other than silica sand) Total sand (other than silica sand) Total sand (other than silica sand) 3 Commercial.. . 22 241,772 173,801 .72 4 5 6 7 8 Commercial.. . Gov.-contr. . . . Commercial.. . a 56 46 5 7 7 1,914,595 873,656 21,537 341,699 159,132 853,053 528,483 15,457 97,317 95,501 .45 .60 .72 .28 .60 9 Both 88 3,310,619 1,589,811 48 10 11 Commercial. . . Gov.-contr.. . . 83 5 3,530,854 21,537 1,748,155 15,457 .49 .72 12 Both 88 3,552,391 1,763,612 .50 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Gravel Structural gravel d Structural gravel d Paving and highway-structures gravel Railroad-ballast gravel Novaculite gravel (paving) Commercial.. . Gov.-contr. . . . Commercial.. . Gov.-contr.. . . Commercial.. . a u 63 4 79 36 18 10 1,993,963 19,095 2,297,623 662,275 1,680,907 28,422 107,475 1,103,387 3,991 1,104,210 315,802 729,528 20,873 71,106 .55 .21 .48 .48 .43 .73 66 Total Total gravel Total gravel Total gravel 20 Both 151 6,789,760 3,348,897 .49 21 22 Commercial.. . Gov.-contr. . . . 112 39 6,108,390 681,370 3,029,104 319,793 .50 .47 23 Both 151 6,789,760 3,348,897 .49 24 Total sand (other than silica sand) and gravel Commercial.. . Gov.-contr.. . . 132 40 9,639,244 702,907 4,777,259 335,250 .50 25 Total sand (other than silica sand) and gravel .48 26 Total sand (other than silica sand) and gravel. Both 172 10,342,151 5,112,509 .49 Summary — Sand (including silica sand) and gravel (Tables 63 and 64) ,77 Total industrial sands (including silica sand). Total construction sands and gravel Both 34 165 3,834,333 10,121,562 5,141,342 4,971,649 1.34 78 Both .49 29 Total sand (including silica sand) and gravel. (Tables 63 and 64) Both 184 13,955,895 $10,112,991 $0.72 * Revised figures. ■ Compiled from joint canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines. b Number of plants reporting production. SAND AND GRAVEL 95 Sold or Used by Producers in Illinois, 1943-1945' 1944* 1945 Plants b Amount tons Value at ] ?lants Plants b Amount tons Value at slants Percent change in amount from 1944 Line No. Total Av. Total Av. 6 12 78,889 176,970 $ 90,318 85,871 $1.14 .49 7 11 114,860 163,222 $ 136,516 86,765 $1.19 .53 + 45.6 - 7.8 1 2 18 255,859 176,189 .69 18 278,082 223,281 .80 + 8.7 3 59 37 8 6 7 1,668,437 667,035 23,204 307,529 34,506 817,886 348,950 11,877 81,162 14,305 .49 .52 .51 .26 .41 53 36 7 5 9 1,799,162 507,002 271,990 342,165 107,982 833,995 292,499 176,715 105,825 76,403 .46 .58 .65 .39 .71 + 7.8 - 24.0 + 10.9 +212.9 4 5 6 7 8 77 2,700,711 1,274,180 .47 73 3,028,301 1,485,437 .49 + 12.1 9 75 8 2,933,366 23,204 1,438,492 11,877 .49 .51 73 7 3,034,393 271,990 1,532,003 176,715 .50 .65 + 3.4 10 11 83 2,956,570 1,450,369 .49 80 3,306,383 1,708,718 .49 + 11.8 12 70 2 79 43 14 1 5 1,775,572 5,800 1,751,131 628,288 1,765,560 21,443 109,971 934,972 1,950 917,262 361,091 702,168 17,154 33,703 .53 .33 .52 .57 .40 .80 .31 64 74 37 15 1 9 1 , 808 , 800 e 2,087,338 465,330 1,640,566 16,217 74,809 967,177 e 1,087,812 251,483 614,512 13,735 41,086 .53 .52 .54 .37 .85 .SS + 1.9 + 19.2 - 26.6 - 7.1 - 24.4 - 32.0 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 156 6,057,765 2,968,300 .49 141 6,093,060 2,975,805 .49 + 0.6 20 111 45 5,423,677 634,088 2,605,259 363,041 .48 .57 104 37 5,627,730 465,330 2,724,322 251,483 .48 .54 -t- 3.8 - 26.6 21 22 156 6,057,765 2,968,300 .49 141 6,093,060 2,975,805 .49 + 0.6 23 123 47 8,357,043 657,292 4,043,751 374,918 .48 .57 118 39 8,662,123 737,320 4,256,325 428,198 .49 .58 + 3.7 + 12.1 24 25 170 9,014,335 4,418,669 .49 157 9,399,443 4,684,523 .50 + 4.2 26 30 167 3,570,112 8,775,408 4,793,370 4,268,278 1.34 .49 31 151 2,840,542 9,135,361 3,925,410 4,482,844 1.38 .49 - 20.4 + 4 1 27 28 183 12,345,520 $9,061,648 $0.73 170 11,975,903 $8,408,254 $0.70 - 3 29 c Includes filter sands. 5 Table 75. — Imported Fluorspar Delivered to Consumers in the United States, 1944-45, by Uses & Use 1944 Short tons Selling price at tide- water, border, or f.o.b. flotation mill in United States, including duty Total Average 1945 Short tons Selling price at tide- water, border, or f.o.b. flotation mill in United States, including duty Total Average Steel Hydrofluoric acid Magnesium Ferro-alloys Glass and enamel Other Total 1,639 5,907 224 45 $ 42,804 208,067 6,419 1,390 $26.12 35.22 28.66 30.89 21,027 22,579 60 193 548 125 $ 555,530 811,025 2,100 5,769 18,110 4,625 $26.42 35.92 35.00 29.89 33.05 37.00 7,815 $258,680 $33.10 44,532 $1,397,159 31.37 U. S. Bur. Mines, Mineral Market Report No. 1392, April 22, 1946. Table 76. — G eneral I mports (Receipts) of Fluorspar into the U Tons* mited States, 1943-45, in Short Containing more than 97 percent calcium fluoride Containing not more than 97 percent calcium fluoride United King- dom Date Mexico New- found- land Spain Canada Mexico New- found- land Spain Union of South Africa Total 1943 1,854 2,779 2,352 — 70 18,661 60,843 7,144 13,720 15,540 9,177 570 3,557 1 43,769 1944 . 92,499 1945: January. . . . February. . . March April May June July August September.. October. . . . November. . December. . 703 371 1,100 590 777 469 172 641 488 59 57 53 403 1,680 1,680 1,904 2,016 1,445 827 65 106 58 136 122 119 64 1,691 6,246 2,929 5,580 4,121 6,757 9,810 7,692 4,728 3,890 1,125 1,877 1,836 1,288 3,233 3,858 3,854 5,093 7,483 1,530 — 11,692 3,300 8,016 10,307 13,204 12,305 15,092 12,916 4,378 2,472 5,155 1,889 Total.... 5,480 7,683 2,272 2,361 56,591 1,288 25,051 — — 100,726 a U. S. Bur. Mines, Monthly Fluorspar Report No. 22, March 7, 1946. via Gulf trade to the East coast, because of the prevailing high freight rates on rail shipments into the Chicago area. However these factors offer little compe- tition to the Illinois-Kentucky fluorspar because of ( 1 ) the relatively small amounts of fluorspar available from abroad, (2) the large number of industries in the Mid- dle West consuming fluorspar, and (3) the fact that more than 75 percent of the fluor- spar produced in the United States comes from Illinois and Kentucky. Although the United States became prac- tically independent of foreign fluorspar dur- ing the 1930's, the war years found the gov- ernment encouraging Mexico to develop FLUORSPAR 105 Table 77. — Consumption of Fluorspar (Domestic and Foreign) in the United States, 1943-44, and January-December 1945, by Industries 3 (In short tons) Date Steel Hydro- fluoric acid Glass Enamel uminum Al and Magnesium Other Total 1943 1944 1945: January. . February. March . . . April May June July August. . . September October . . November December Total . . 234,148 230,201 113,614 129,553 20,592 27,315 1,726 2,547 5,783 7,081 13,022 13,473 18,736 17,861 20,522 19,185 19,355 17,051 16,455 13,643 13,564 13,974 14,490 14,458 10,957 10,008 12,130 11,691 11,553 11,776 12,412 10,064 4,999 4,576 4,893 4,305 1,830 2,100 2,998 2,814 3,020 2,739 2,438 2,858 2,726 2,595 3,025 2,641 202 210 247 202 249 245 302 282 283 402 566 492 214 223 308 257 185 151 166 181 82 95 51 50 1,124 940 1,214 953 1,061 835 1,017 732 738 655 669 900 199,294 109,364 31,784 3,682 1,963 10,838 388,885 410,170 33,063 31,342 37,419 35,102 35,423 32,797 32,790 27,760 22,392 22,297 23,694 22,846 356,925 U. S. Bur. Mines, Monthly Fluorspar Report No. 22, March 7, 1946. large deposits, with the result that in both 1944 and 1945 Mexico exported approxi- mately 60,000 tons to the United States. This was largely a low grade ore which had to be processed in flotation mills after it reached this country. A history of the fluorspar consumption, both domestic and foreign, by industries, is presented graphically for a twenty-year period, 1926-1945, in figure 20. This shows the marked increase in the consumption of fluorspar for the manufacture of hydroflu- oric acid during the war period. It is note- worthy that the post-war months of 1945 showed a sudden drop in consumption for this purpose almost immediately following the end of the war. See table 77. The year 1945 marked the shift in fluor- spar consumption from almost entirely mili- tary purposes to a resumption of civilian use. During the early part of 1945, the pic- ture had changed very little from that of 1944. The manufacture of hydrofluoric acid, used in the manufacture of artificial cryolite and aluminum fluoride, high octane gasoline, refrigerating mediums (the fre- ons), insecticides, and other chemical prod- ucts necessary for the successful prosecution of the war, was sufficiently great to again give it second place in the consumption of fluorspar for 1945. Anhydrous hydrofluoric acid, the largest single use of which was as a catalyst in the production of aviation alkylate used in the manufacture of high-octane gasoline during the war, appeared toward the close of 1945 to be relinquishing its place as a catalyst to sulphuric acid because of the greater cost involved. Anhydrous hydrofluoric acid toward the end of the year was reverting almost exclusively to use in chemistry where it appears to have a bright future. Its use in freons as refrigerants and as the propel- lent in insecticidal bombs continued to be important. A larger proportion will be used in refrigeration than in insecticides for civilian use. Although almost 90 percent of aqueous hydrofluoric acid is used in the production of fluorine chemicals, some is used directly in such processes as pickling stainless steel and in cleaning sand from metal casings. Flourine compounds are important sand agents in the casting of aluminum. These agents fill the voids in sand molds by volatil- izing when heated, thus preventing oxida- dation of the metal. Roughly 1 to 5 per- cent, by weight, of either ammonium fluo- 106 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 I 2 q % 40% 60% 80% 10.0% z j,' -V^TyrS^jWI^KfPS^S^^Hj'.-. AVERAGE . 1926-35 • - "'/ ; 8| ?&>'!)& Blllill : : " AVERAGE . 1935-40 1941 '•■•'''■-' *~ " • . "•* ^yjffi*^' ff^Cff^"'"^-'^'^"^^^^^-''- '•'•'•'•' 1942 ' " ■""*-" . : .' y^T'^^^^fe^jj^^^s^™'-^ 1943 1944 1945 STEEL CERAMICS JIJll HYDROFLUORIC OTHER ACID Fig. 20. — Percentage consumption of fluorspar (domestic and foreign) by industries for twenty- year period 1926-1945. silicate or ammonium bifluoride and fluobo- rate is used in the sand mixture. Lithium fluoride has made aluminum welding practi- cal because it serves as a powerful fluxing agent, is non-hygroscopic and highly insolu- ble. Sodium fluoride is used in the produc- tion of rimmed steel where heats are slug- gish and might result in second-grade ingots. Potassium fluoride, bifluoride, and fluobo- rate have become important as fluxes in silver soldering. Metal fluoborates, of which lead is best known, are used in elec- troplating. As the fluorspar industry shifted its atten- tion from military to civilian needs, it found itself confronted with supplying less fluor- spar on the whole but a larger percentage of acid-grade spar. Thus it became con- cerned primarily with flotation mills and the recovery of high-grade concentrates rather than with mining. Stocks on hand at the close of the year showed that in the sudden shift to civilian use, consumption had not been able to keep pace with production. Fluorspar, which is a nonmetallic crys- talline mineral, is technically pure calcium fluoride, CaF 2 , containing 48.7 percent fluorine and 51.3 percent calcium by weight. However, the term fluorspar is generally used to designate the ore from which the mineral is obtained, and is graded according to its calcium fluoride content, as metal- lurgical, acid or ceramic. Specifications for the chief commercial grades of fluorspar are given in table 78. The ceramic industry again held third place in 1945 in fluorspar consumption with an even greater percentage than in 1944. However, this picture will probably be somewhat changed in the near future as we again begin using metal containers in many ways in which glass was used during the war. Fluorspar is used in the manfacture of opal, opaque, and colored glass to be used in such finished commodities as lamp globes, bulbs, soda fountains, containers for food, toilet, and medicinal preparations, and lava- tory fixtures. From 50 to 500 pounds of fluorspar are used per 1000 pounds of sand FLUORSPAR 107 Table 78. — Specifications of Chief Commercial Grades of Fluorspar* Standard CaF 2 Si0 2 s Fe 2 O s Metallurgical 85.5 98.0 95.0 5.0 1.0 2.5 0.3 0.03 Acid Ceramics 0.12 Presently Accepted CaF 2 Si0 2 s Fe 2 3 Metallurgical b 97.5 1.0 0.3 0.05 Acid Ceramic Effective CaF-> Content Base price per ton 70%'or more 65% A but less than 70% 60% but less than 65%. Less than 60% $33.00 32.00 31.00 30.00 a Howard G. Hymer, Fluorspar: Chem. & Met. Eng., August, 194S. '* Effective CaF 2 content is determined by deducting 2.5 times the silica content from the CaF 2 content. in the manufacture of glass, depending upon the type of product desired. Substitutes for fluorspar have been tried but offer little competition either because of higher cost or lower efficiency. An even higher grade of fluorspar (60 percent through a 100- mesh screen) is required for the manufacture of vitreous enamel than for opaque or col- ored glass (55 percent through 100-mesh screen). These commodities include sinks, bathtubs, stove parts, refrigerators, toilet fixtures, etc., where vitreous enamel coat- ings are applied to iron or steel. Similar coatings are also applied to pottery, brick, and tile. Since civilian consumption of such products was so drastically curtailed during the war, it appears that the market for this mineral for enameling purposes will show a marked upward trend as soon as civilian manufacture of these commodities is again possible. A new Du Pont product, tetrafluoroethy- lene, known by the trade name "Teflon," was produced for war purposes as early as 1943 and now gives promise of finding a ready, although limited, civilian market in the field of plastics. The properties upon which many important uses will be based are its extreme resistance to heat, its excel- lent electrical properties, and its chemical inertness. Its chemical resistance is un- equalled by any other plastic. 2 Teflon in thin sections is transparent but in larger pieces it is waxy in appearance and white or gray in color. It can be machined by sharp wood-working or metal-working tools, and sheet stock can be worked on a punch press. Another newly developed fluorine prod- uct is a rat poison which is so toxic to man that it still has not been released for civilian use. I. N. Gabrielson predicts its release under regulations that will guarantee its safe and rational use. 3 For the past several years, the research activities of the majority of companies were largely directed toward supporting the war effort. At the close of 1945 most govern- ment contracts had been cancelled, and re- search again resolved itself to a private com- petitive basis. In view of this long-range 2 Technical Service Report, E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company, Inc., April 9, 1946. 3 Chemical Age, February 23, 1946, "Fluorine Com- pounds." 108 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1U5 research, programs in the fluorine industry were virtually at a standstill during the post-war months of 1945. Most of the com- panies stand ready to launch extensive re- search programs as soon as economic condi- tions become somewhat stabilized and the future trend of the fluorspar industry more certain. There is little doubt that chem- istry will utilize an increasingly large per- centage of fluorspar in various fluorine com- pounds. Some of these with remarkable possibilities are even now waiting to go on the market, and until that time further information must be withheld. Chemical and Engineering News of July 25, 1946, has the following to say concern- ing the future of fluorine: "Fluorine, the most chemically active element known, has been put on the market for the first time by the Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company, Philadelphia, it was announced recently. (This refers to the elemental fluorine.) It has defied iso- lation for 73 years and has heretofore been nothing more than a laboratory curiosity. It is now available in steel pressure cylin- ders on a limited commercial basis for experimental use by manufacturers and researchers. Scientists foresee a whole new field of chemistry in the development of fluorine compounds. Some of the outstand- ing ones are: "A nonflammable, nontoxic liquid with a high enough boiling point and specific gravity that it can replace mercury in the present mercury vapor boiler, making the most efficient vapor engine practical and safe. "A gas, already developed but requiring elemental fluorine to manufacture, which is a nearly perfect insulator for high voltages used in x-ray and nuclear physics. "A lubricating oil so stable that it will not oxidize or break down under any present engine or mechanical operations and will make possible gears and engines heretofore only dreamed of by designers because no lubricant made could withstand their pres- sure and friction. "An insecticide, already made by the Ger- mans but too costly to be practical with present methods. "Other uses for fluorine compounds now definitely within the realm of possibility include heat transfer and dielectric media, other insecticides, fungicides, fumigants, germicides, stable solvents, anesthetics, fire extinguishers and fireproofing materials, resins and plastics, and weed killers." Fluorspar in Illinois Although the mining of fluorspar in Illi- nois in 1945 showed for the second consecu- tive year a decrease in tonnage, Illinois still maintained its rank as chief producing state in the nation. Illinois in 1945 produced 151,400 net tons, or 45 percent of the total United States production, as against 43 per- cent in 1944. Shipments of fluorspar from Illinois mines from 1939 to 1945 are shown in table 79. The total dollar value of the fluorspar shipped decreased from $5,954,991 in 1944, to $5,014,807 in 1945, although the aver- age price per ton was slightly higher than in 1944. The distribution of shipments from mines, by kinds and uses, is shown in table 80 for 1943-1945. Although in 1944 hydrofluoric acid for the first time surpassed steel in total consumption of fluorspar, the figures for 1945 show that steel again regained suprem- acy as the largest consumer by using 65,440 tons in 1945 as compared with 55,688 tons consumed in the manufacture of hydrofluoric acid. The ceramic industry, however, which showed a marked increase in 1944, showed a further increase in 1945, using 19,182 tons as compared with 14,058 in 1944. Annual shipments and average value of fluorspar from Illinois since 1913 are pre- sented graphically in figure 21, showing the effect of two world wars on the industry. Although we are now experiencing a period of decreased production and consumption such as followed the first world war, it is unlikely that it will again reach the low ebb of the early 1920's because of the rap- FLUORSPAR 109 om-h r- ooa\0 r-~- on oo CN t^tjT On ^n t-h CN OnO OO »0 VO i— cn cn ro tF vo ON Tf -HH >0 vo r-- cn r^ oo co r- vo CO T-H T^ O vo CO O co r- oo co os vo OS CO rf CN vO CO On 0\OrHCS CO TP "o VC X Tf VO H -t vo c- vd CN CN CN CO CN t— i o T-H 1 1 7 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 1 O vC vo vO vC OO VO OO VO vo CO vr VO > < -hs r- c CO CO OO >0 VO vOvr o a cn VO T* o cn tjh r-~ vo o vc 3J CO co c co co co co co co . rt OO CN c THh-vnri'f O C o o J3 rt T-H CO ^t MOChH^O VO oc r t^ 13 o vo vO oo cn r- o o> oor 1 T-H > H on o C O vo t-h t- ON o^ 1-H CO w- > t-h CN Tf VO €© <* > e© €© e© 4-1 OnCN O OO CN oo oc ■ T-H S^ O ^ vr r- r- vo H < On co O tH vo t-h vo vr > tjh r^ CN co co r- vo 0> vo vr ) vo r-- VO OO ^ VO T-H >0 ■* ^ 1-1 "^ VO OO o \ r- cN vo vo c vOh On O On r- Ov^^'oa r- vc ) r- CO > CD < O vo c OS r- vo VO vr > co r- - co c co CO c ) CN CN CO CO C CO c ) co 4-> m €»« ¥ §© €© €© OnCN O t-h O CN (T VO vr T-H ni On On 5 OO r~- CN ON vr T-H r- On _H CO VO O N^Tfoor o o \ On <* OS 3 M VO ON Tt CO CO CN ^ O r- r- tJh" O CN CN vr tJh CN t-h I— VC t-h H on o o ^ vo On O On On r^"^ ur CN CN vo vo m e^ ¥ o vo On o vo C VO 11 < ©T->C O vo oo O ^f c CN C CN TJH ^H t- vC T-H Tf r-H r- VO t- VO vo O T- r> r~- t— i oo !>■ l> T " H 1—1 , ~ t cor- vC CN OO O CN vr vo T- VO > < es ^ vC CN r- OO OO o vo O vo CO Onco On CO CO CO C t-h' C i — i c CN CO !r CN CN CO CO c^ co c^ CO e© e^ r S© €»% €© on o o O CN On CN r» O O On t-h r- oc O CO TjH TjH c^ vo O oo 0) ( , CO ■* l> O vo oo rf r- vo T- r- CO ON J3 Pj CN O CN tj-i oo r- o o O <^ CN cvi o OO T-H a- CN CN CN CO C cn r- On > H "4* OO CN vo (NOC CN CN CN CO vC CN CO vo" vo" e© €>1 > m €r% e© 4J o> o> On -Tf t-h on c^ vo C On t-h o C ^ CN CO CN oc oo O -^ On CN vo C" oo 81 on t-h r^ » r- CN r~ vo t— Th c^ r- S2 < rJH Tf a- oc On t-h vO On O VO CN oo oo © a- oo oo On On 1 ' ,-H ' ' S-H crj Oh CO Ih O 3 f oo r- co oo oc ^h vo CM + + 1 CN + > > < o o ^ o o r~- d cn d CN ^h 1 OS 13 4-1 o H O «f ro U-> Tf Tf O CN CM ■* Ol l-H OO LO CO CN CO On 4-» c 3 O B < vr> f- oo CO CN tJh cn co r- OO CO i— I 1 o j j ►H Q W w O 3 o [x, Q W u, w > o a w * V 13 > > < o o ^ o o r-» od d d CN vo CN l-H 1 13 4-1 o H VO O CO CO ^O CO r- co t^ >-n u-> i— i VO 1-H \D CO 6© CN oo CN ON e© 4-> c 3 o B < cn i-i r» vo r^ co CN On Th r^ T-i CN 1 CO On ■a 13 > > < o o ^ o o r- \6 d> d> i— i w-> CN ^h e© 1 W > Q < a CO VO l-H vO o CN CO 5% as C 3 O B < i-H CO CO u-> Tf vr> oo O i-H vo CN CN ' 1 CN oo w « < 4-1 '5 O a C c :- V C c V c 13 c n a. 1- > — 4- c E- V C C 0J Err S.S ■o b ° SJ3 §^ rs 2 « 5 *--o IK ^ > 3 >» O £ ho 1-2 114 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 MISCELLANEOUS MINERALS Table 83. — Miscellaneous Minerals,* Sold or Used by Producers in Illinois. 1942-1945 b Year Amount tons Value at Plants Total Average 1942 1943 1944 1945 34,179 28,199 *21,250 17,023 $149,327 117,895 * 99,262 83,814 $4.37 4.18 *4.67 4.92 * Revised figures. a Minerals included: peat, pyrites, and sulfur from gas. b Compiled from joint canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines. Included in this group are several mineral materials produced in Illinois by less than three producers for each material, so that details of production cannot be published without revealing individual operations. Peat is produced in northern Mason County for mixed fertilizer and other pur- poses. Illinois ranks third among the states in the production of peat. Pyrites (coal brasses) are produced in Henry County from coal-cleaning opera- tions. Sulfur, as elemental sulfur, is recovered as a byproduct in the liquid purification of gas. The annual total amount and value of these mineral materials, which were sold or used by producers in Illinois for 1942-1945, are given in table 83. The total for 1945 amounted to 17,000 tons, valued at the plants at $83,800. Table 84. — Minerals Processed, but Mostly Not Mined Kind Unit Coke and byproducts (sold or used) lj Coke Coke breeze Coke-oven gas Ammonia (sulfate equivalent) Tar and derivatives Light oil and derivatives Napthalene Other byproducts Total coke and byproducts Packaged fuel d Pig iron Sulfuric acid 6 Slab zinc g From Illinois ore h From out-of-state ore Total zinc smelted in Illinois Miscellaneous minerals processed ' Total minerals processed 13 but mostly not mined in Illinois 11 tons a M cu.ft. lbs. gals. lbs. gals. tons 1943* Amount 3,660,374 338,157 48,221,171 97,436,000 55,668,894 9,619,540 1,736,177 54,522 3,081 ,920,894 259,302 5,851 215,829 221,680 35,855 Value at plants Total $29,661,935 939,489 7,100,108 1,154,673 2,767,376 1,297,757 53,185 42,304 43,016,827 38,445 126,910,295 2,481,520 1,263,816 46,619,084 47,882,900 2,872,624 $221,938,795 Av. 8.10 2.78 .147 .012 .05 .135 031 .776 12.48 21.43 9.60 216.00 216.00 216.00 80.12 * Revised figures. a Compiled from canvass made by U. S. Bureau of Mines. b See table 39 — Coke and Byproducts. c Percent change in value from 1944. d See table 37— Packaged Fuel. e 60° Baume — from zinc smelting and sulfur. MINERALS PROCESSED 115 MINERALS PROCESSED, BUT MOSTLY NOT MINED, IN ILLINOIS Included in this group are mineral mate- rials which are processed in Illinois, but mostly are mined in other states. The amount and value of these materials, sold or used by processors in Illinois for 1943- 1945, are given in table 84, as far as the data are available. Coke and byproducts produced in Illinois are made in the bjproduct ovens, most of it from coal mined in the eastern bitumi- nous fields. Coke produced from Illinois coal is not differentiated from the other, so table 84 gives the entire amount of coke made in Illinois. Details of coke products are given in this report on pages 62-64. Packaged fuel is a material processed in Illinois from the fines that result from the storage and handling of eastern coal. De- tails are given in the section on "Fuel Briquets and Packaged Fuel" (see p. 61). Data cannot be published on the produc- tion of fuel briquets in Illinois without revealing individual operations. Pig iron , a basic product in the steel industry, is produced in Illinois from iron ore mined in the Lake Superior district and shipped in by water. Sulfuric acid is a material produced in Illinois as a byproduct of the smelting of zinc ores and is also produced from sulfur at zinc plants. Illinois, Sold or Used by Processors in Illinois, 1943-1945 1944* 1945 Value at ph ints Amount Value at plants Percent change in Amount Total Av. Total Av. amount from 1944 3,987,614 327,973 54,821,918 97,613,807 39,980,566 11,221,493 1,330,600 214,144 $34,638,850 971,664 6,954,162 1,144,980 2,191,466 1,356,696 23,322 49,658 $ 8.70 2.96 .127 .012 .055 .121 .017 .232 3,777,321 359,509 50,880,910 97,816,870 37,524,451 9,771,712 1,641,060 279,047 $32,635,948 1,063,560 6,374,791 1,199,381 2,035,976 1,248,430 30,490 53,868 $ 8.64 2.96 .125 .012 .054 .128 .019 .193 - 5.3 + 9.1 - 9.0 + 0.2 - 6.2 - 12.9 + 23.3 + 30.3 1,837 5,686,397 234,245 7,262 148,100 47,330,798 23,037 118,953,078 2,328,395 1,655,736 33,766,764 12.54 20.92 10.00 228.00 228 . 00 16,690 5,061,368 216,482 8,235 116,669 44,642,444 186,593 116,303,897 2,186,468 1,894,050 26,833,850 11.20 22.98 10.10 230.00 230.00 «- 5.7 +808.0 - 11.0 - 7.6 + 13.4 - 21.2 155,362 35,201 35,422,500 2,724,091 228.00 77.39 124,904 38,387 28,727,900 2,892,652 230.00 75.35 - 19.6 + 9.1 — $205,126,163 — — $193,045,904 — °- 5.9 f Subject to revision. s Value for zinc based on yearly average price received by producers, including bonus payments by Metals Reserve Co. for overquota production, as determined by U. S. Bureau of Mines. h Figures for zinc smelted from Illinois ore are not included in "Total minerals processed" in this table, but are included in table 82. includes ground feldspar, magnesium compounds, and mineral pigments; also includes metallic abrasives in 1945. 116 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1945 Slab zinc, a basic product in the zinc industry, is produced in Illinois from ores mined in Illinois and from ores mined in other states. Zinc recovered from Illinois ores is included in table 82. That recovered from out-of-state ores is included in "Total minerals processed" in table 84. Ground feldspar is made in Illinois from crude feldspar which is mined in South Dakota. It is used in the manufacture of whiteware and enamels and for other pur- poses. Data cannot be published on feld- spar grinding in Illinois without revealing individual operations, but are included in "Miscellaneous minerals processed," table 84. Magnesium compounds are processed in Illinois from out-of-state dolomite. Data on these are included in "Miscellaneous minerals processed," table 84, to avoid revealing individual operations. Mineral pigments are produced in Illinois from crude mineral earth pigments and iron oxide pigments from various sources. Data on these are included in "Miscellaneous minerals processed," table 84. Pig lead is made in Illinois by smelting lead ores; that obtained from ores mined in Illinois is given in table 82. Data on pig lead produced in Illinois from ores mined in other states are not available. Expanded vermiculite is produced in Illi- nois by heat-treating crude vermiculite which is mined in the West. Production figures are not available. Alumina, phosphates, and other processed mineral materials are produced in Illinois in large amounts, but data for them are not available. The total 1945 value of mineral mate- rials which were processed in Illinois but mostly mined in other states, as given in table 84, amounted to $193,045,900, which was 6 percent less than the corresponding total for 1944. The values of pig lead, expanded vermicu- lite, alumina, phosphates, and other mineral materials, if known, would greatly increase the total given in table 84. Illinois State Geological Survey Report of Investigations No. 121 1946