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FIRST SIX BOOKS 
 or 
 
 VIRGIVS iENEID 
 
 MTERALIiY TBANSLATED INTO ENGLISH PBOSB 
 
 By DAVIDSON 
 
 WIO^H AN INTRODUCTION BY 
 EDWARD BROOKS, jR. 
 
 . PHILADELPHIA: 
 DAVID McKAY, PUBLISHER, 
 
 6io SOUTH WASHINGTON SQUARE. 
 
 IBRARVaOFlURBANA-CHAMPAIGM 
 
Copyright 1895 By The Penn Publishing Company 
 Copyright 1896 By David McKay 
 
^7X 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 Publius Vergilius Maro was born at Andes, a 
 small village about three miles from Mantua, on 
 October isth, 70 B. C. His father, an Italian 
 farmer, was possessed of a comfortable fortune 
 which enabled him to give his son a liberal Greek 
 and Latin education. Virgil's early school days 
 were spent in Cremona. At the age of sixteen, 
 assuming the manly toga, he studied at Milan, and 
 afterward at Naples under the instruction of 
 Parthenius, the poet and philosopher. He com- 
 pleted his education at Rome about 47 B. C, 
 under Siron, the friend of Cicero, by whom he was 
 instructed in philosophy, mathematics and phy- 
 sics. His natural inclination for studious pur- 
 suits, and his delicate constitution, led him to 
 abandon his desire to indulge an ambition for a 
 public life, and caused him to withdraw to his farm 
 at Andes, where he gave himself up to the pur- 
 suit of husbandry and the study of the Greek 
 poets. It was about this time that he began to 
 write his Bucolics, subsequently called Eclogues 
 by the critics. 3 
 
4 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 After the battle of Phillipi, Octavianus rewarded 
 his soldiers by assigning to them various districts 
 of Italy which had been opposed to him. The 
 soldiers took possession of the land in these districts 
 and drove the former owners from their posses- 
 sions. The neighborhood of Mantua was one of 
 the districts assigned to the soldiers, and thus 
 Virgil was deprived of his property. By the ad- 
 vice of one Asinius Pollio, Governor of Transal- 
 pine Gaul, Virgil requested Octavianus to restore 
 to him his property. The request was granted, 
 and it is supposed that one of his Eclogues was 
 written to express his gratitude for this favor. 
 
 In 19 B. C. Virgil visited Greece, intending to 
 make a tour of that country for the purpose of 
 perfecting his great epic poem "The ^neid." 
 With prophetic dread the poet Horace in an ode 
 addressed to the ship which bore his friend to 
 Greece, prays for his safe return. Meeting with 
 Octavianus at Athens, as he was travelling from 
 Samos to Rome, Virgil suddenly changed his plans 
 and decided to return with his patron. At Meg- 
 ara he was taken ill. He grew worse on the 
 voyage home, and died a few days after his arrival 
 at Brundisium on the 22d of September of the 
 year 19 B. C. In accordance with his request he 
 was buried near Naples, which city had been his 
 favorite residence, partly on account of its beauti- 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 5 
 
 ful scenery and partly on account of its mild cli- 
 mate, congenial to his delicate constitution. 
 
 In appearance Virgil was t^U and rather stoutly 
 built, and of dark complexion. He is said to have 
 been shy and diffident in his manners, and very 
 slow of speech. He was, however, a delightful 
 reader, and possessed that peculiar faculty of 
 arousing an interest in subjects which were gen- 
 erally considered dull and uninteresting. 
 
 Virgil in his early life gained the friendship of 
 ♦ Maecenas, the confidential friend and adviser of 
 Octavianus. With the emperor himself and all the 
 brilliant men of genius who composed his court, he 
 lived on terms of intimacy. He appears to have 
 been entirely devoid of that element of character 
 so common to men of genius generally known as 
 * * professional jealousy. ' * The successes of others 
 gratified him almost as much as his own, and his 
 large library was always at the service of men of 
 learning. He was a great friend of the poet Hor- 
 ace, and accompanied him in his famous journey 
 to Brundisium. Both of these great poets were 
 afflicted with ailments. Horace with weak eyes, 
 and Virgil with asthmatic trouble, from which 
 circumstance arose the saying attributed to Octa- 
 ' vianus, that with these two poets on either hand 
 he was sitting between tears and sighs. 
 
 It is probable that Virgil was quite wealthy. 
 Donabus rates his fortune at ten thousand sestertia. 
 
6 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 about four hundred thousand dollars, and it is re- 
 lated that Octavia, the emperor's sister, on one 
 occasion, made him a present of ten thousand dol- 
 lars as a reward for his allusion in the latter part 
 of the sixth book of the ^neid to the virtues of 
 her son Marcellus, who died at an early age. He 
 had a handsome house at Rome on the Esquiline 
 Hill, near the residences of Maecenas and Horace, 
 besides his farm at Andes. 
 
 Virgirs works consist of The Bucolics (so- 
 called by the poet himself, though frequentHy 
 termed by others **The Eclogues '0, **The 
 Georgics'' and "The ^neid.'* There are, be- 
 sides these, some minor poems attributed to him, 
 which he may or may not have written. The 
 Bucolics or Eclogues are pastoral poems, ten in 
 number, and are doubtless his earliest productions. 
 Their merit consists chiefly in their versification, 
 which was smoother and more polished than pre- 
 vious Roman hexameters. The Georgics is an 
 agricultural poem in four books, in which the 
 author attempts to combine science with poetic 
 fancies. In this composition the powers of the 
 poet are seen to be more matured and the subject, 
 though possessing but little of the poetic element, 
 is treated with such freshness and vigor that the 
 work is considered by some as the most perfect in 
 artistic construction of all the Italian writers. 
 The ^neid is a national epic poem in twelve 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 7 
 
 books, and describes the wanderings of ^neas. 
 who, with his father Anchises, fled from the 
 burning ruins of Troy, and after wandering over 
 boundless and unknown seas finally founded on 
 foreign soil a new nation destined to become one 
 of the greatest and most lasting the world has 
 ever seen. In point of artistic skill the Jjneid is 
 inferior to the Georgics, but this defect is easily 
 accounted for by the fact that the author died 
 without giving the work its final touches. Virgil 
 was eleven years in preparing this work, and pur- 
 posed devoting three more years to polishing and 
 elaborating it. On this account, in his last ill- 
 ness, he ordered the work to be burned. It was, 
 however, preserved and published, without alter- 
 ation, by his friends Varius and Tacca, and stands 
 to day as an epic second only to the Iliad and 
 Odyssey of Homer. 
 
 The supremacy of Virgil among Roman poets in 
 ancient times was unquestioned. He was as pre- 
 eminent as a poet as Cicero was as an orator. Of 
 late his right to be ranked among the great poets 
 of the world has been questioned by German and 
 English critics, and he has frequently been accused 
 of having copied from Homer. Many eminent 
 critics, however, deny that Homer had any advant 
 age over him excepting that of writing first, and 
 claim that whatever Virgil took he so entirely 
 wrought over that every line breathes the air of 
 1 ^ 
 
8 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Rome and is stamped with the author's own indi- 
 viduality. The best authorities accord to him the 
 right to rank among the foremost of great poets, 
 and it cannot be denied that he stands to-day as 
 the most complete representative of the deepest 
 sentiment of his countrymen and of his time. 
 
VIRGIL'S i^lNEID. 
 
 BOOK I. 
 
 The subject of "the iEneid is the settlement of ^neas in Italy. This noble 
 Poem, on the composition of which Virgil was engaged eleven years, 
 consists of twelve books, and comprehends a period of eight years. In 
 the First Book the hero is introduced in the seventh year of his expedi- 
 tion sailing from Sicily and shipwrecked upon the coast of Africa, where 
 he is kindly received by Dido, queen of Carthage. The description of 
 the storm in this book is particularly admired . 
 
 Arms I sing, and the hero, who first, exiled by fate, 
 came from the coast of Troy to Italy, and the I^avinian 
 shore : much was he tossed both on sea and land, by the 
 power of those above, on account of the unrelenting rage 
 of cruel Juno : much too he suffered in war till he 
 founded a city and brought his gods into I^atium : from 
 whence the Latin progeny, the Alban fathers, and the 
 walls of lofty Rome. 
 
 Declare to me, O Muse 1 the causes, In what the deity 
 being offended, by what the queen of heaven was pro- 
 voked to drive a man of distinguished piety to struggle 
 with so many calamities, to encounter so many hard- 
 ships. Is there such resentment in heavenly minds ? 
 
 An ancient city there was, Carthage (inhabited by a 
 colony of Tyrians) , fronting Italy and the mouth of the 
 Tiber, far remote ; vast in riches and extremely hardy 
 in warlike exercises ; which [city] Juno is said to have 
 honoured more than any other place of her residence, 
 Samos being set aside. Here lay her arms ; here was her 
 chariot ; here the goddess even then designs and fondly 
 9 
 
10 
 
 B. I. ^7-461 
 
 hopes to establish a seat of universal empire, would only 
 the Fates permit. But she had heard of a race to be 
 descended from Trojan blood, that was one day to over- 
 turn the Tyrian towers : that hence a people of extensive 
 regal sway and proud in war would come to the destruc- 
 tion of Libya : so the destinies ordained. This the 
 daughter of Saturn dreading, and mindful of the old war 
 which she had the principal hand in carrying on before 
 Troy, in behalf of her beloved Argos ; nor as yet were the 
 causes of her rage and keen resentment worn out of her 
 mind ; the judgment of Paris dwells deeply rooted in her 
 soul, the affront offered to her neglected beauty, the 
 detested [Trojan] race, and the honours conferred on 
 ravished Ganymede : she, by these things fired, having 
 tossed on the whole ocean the Trojans, whom the Greeks 
 and merciless Achilles had left, drove them far from 
 Latium ; and thus for many years they, driven by fate, 
 roamed round every sea : so vast a work it was to found 
 the Roman state. 
 
 Scarcely had the Trojans, losing sight of Sicily, with 
 joy launched out into the deep, and were ploughing the 
 foaming billows with their brazen prows, when Juno, 
 harbouring everlasting rancour in her breast, thus with 
 herself : Shall I then, baffled, desist from my purpose^ 
 nor have it in my power to turn away the Trojan king 
 from Italy ? because I am restrained by fate ! Was Pallas 
 able to burn the Grecian ships and bury themselves in 
 the ocean, for the offence of one and the frenzy of Ajax, 
 Oileus' son ? She herself, hurling from the clouds J ove's 
 rapid fire, both scattered their ships and upturned the 
 sea with the winds : him too she snatched away in a 
 whirlwind, breathing flames from his transfixed breast, 
 and dashed him against the pointed rock. But I, who 
 fiiove majestic, the queen of heaven, both sister and wife 
 
B. I. 47 77. 
 
 11 
 
 of Jove, must maintain a series of wars with one single 
 race for so many years. And who will henceforth adore 
 Juno's divinity or humbly offer sacrifice on her altars ? 
 
 The goddess by herself revolving such thoughts in her 
 inflamed breast repairs to ^olia, the native land of 
 storms, regions pregnant with boisterous winds. Here, 
 in a vast cave, king ^olus controls with imperial sway 
 the reluctant winds and sounding tempests, and confines 
 them with chains in prison. They roar indignant round 
 .their barriers, filling the mountain with loud murmurs, 
 ^olus is seated on a lofty throne, wielding a sceptre, 
 and assuages their fury and moderates their rage. For, 
 unless he did so, they, in their rapid career, would bear 
 away sea and earth, and the deep heaven, and sweep 
 them through the air. But the almighty Sire, guarding 
 against this, hath pent them in gloomy caves and thrown 
 over them the ponderous weight of mountains, and 
 appointed them a king, who, by fixed laws and at com- 
 mand, knows both to curb them and when to relax their 
 reins ; whom Juno then in suppliant words thus addressed : 
 ^olus (for the sire of gods and the king of men hath 
 given thee power both to smooth the waves and raise 
 them with the wind), a race by me detested sails the 
 Tuscan Sea, transporting Ilium and its conquered gods, 
 into Italy. Strike force into thy winds, overset and sink 
 the ships ; or drive them different ways and strew the 
 ocean with carcasses. I have twice seven lovely nymphs, 
 the fairest of whom, Deiopeia, I will join to thee in firm 
 wedlock and assign to be thine own for ever, that with 
 thee she may spend all her years for this service and 
 make thee father of a beautiful offspring. 
 
 To whom ^olus replies : 'Tis thy task, O queen, to 
 consider what you would have done : on me it is 
 incumbent to execute your commands. You conciliate 
 
12 
 
 B. I 78-107. 
 
 to me whatever of power I have, my sceptre and Jove. 
 You grant me to sit at the tables of the gods and you 
 make me lord of storms and tempests. 
 
 Thus having said, whirling the point of his spear, he 
 Struck the hollow mountain's side : and the winds, as in 
 a formed battalion, rush forth at every vent and scour 
 over the lands in a hurricane. They press upon the 
 ocean and at once, east and south and stormy south- 
 west, plough up the whole deep from its lowest bottom 
 and roll vast billows to the shores. The cries of the sea- 
 men succeed and the cracking of the cordage. In an 
 instant clouds snatch the heavens and day from the eyes 
 of the Trojans : sable night sits brooding on the sea, 
 thunder roars from pole to pole, the sky glares with 
 repeated flashes, and all nature threatens them with 
 immediate death. Forthwith Eneas' limbs are relaxed 
 with cold shuddering fear. He groans and, spreading 
 out both his hands to heaven, thus expostulates: O 
 thrice and four times happy they who had the good 
 fortune to die before their parents* eyes under the high 
 ramparts of Troy ! O thou, the bravest of the Grecian 
 race, great Tydeus* son, why was I not destined to fall 
 on the Trojan plains and pour out this soul by thy right 
 hand? where stern Hector lies prostrate by the sword of 
 Achilles ; where mighty Sarpedon [lies] ; where Simois 
 rolls along so many shields and helmets and bodies of 
 heroes snatched away beneath its waters. 
 
 While uttering such words a tempest, roaring from the 
 north, strikes across the sail, and heaves the billows to 
 the stars. The oars are shattered ; then the prow turns 
 away, and exposes the side to the waves. A steep moun- 
 tain of waters follows in a heap. These hang on the 
 towering surge ; to those the wide-yawning deep discloses 
 the earth between two waves; the whirling tide rages 
 
B. I. 108-138. 
 
 13 
 
 with [mingled] sand. Three other ships the south wind, 
 hurrying away, throws on hidden rocks ; rocks in the 
 midst of the ocean, which the Italians call Altars, a vast 
 ridge rising to the surface of the sea. Three from the 
 deep the east wind drives on shoals and flats, a piteous 
 spectacle I and dashing on the shelves, it encloses them 
 with mounds of sand. Before the eyes of ^neas himself, 
 a mighty billow, falling from the height, dashes against 
 the stern of one which bore the I^ycian crew, and faithful 
 Orontes ; the pilot is tossed out and rolled headlong, prone 
 [into the waves] ; but her the driving surge thrice whirls 
 around in the same place, and the rapid eddy swallows up 
 in the deep. Then floating here and there on the vast 
 abyss, are seen men, their arms and planks, and the Trojan 
 wealth, among the waves. Now the storm overpowered 
 the stout vessel of Ilioneus, now that of brave Achates, 
 and that in which Abas sailed, and that in which old 
 Alethes : all, at their loosened and disjointed sides, receive 
 the hostile stream, and gape with chinks. 
 
 Meanwhile Neptune perceived that the sea was in great 
 uproar and confusion, a storm sent forth, and the depths 
 overturned from their lowest channels. He, in violent 
 commotion, and looking forth from the deep, reared his 
 serene countenance above the waves ; sees ^neas's fleet 
 scattered over the ocean, the Trojans oppressed with the 
 waves and the ruin from above. Nor were Juno's wiles 
 and hate unknown to her brother. He calls to him the 
 east and west winds ; then thus addresses them : And do 
 you thus presume upon your birth ? dare you, winds ! with- 
 out my sovereign leave, to embroil heaven and earth, and 
 
 raise such mountains. Whom I But first it is right to 
 
 assuage the tumultuous waves. A chastisement of another 
 nature from me awaits your next ofl'ence. Fly apace, and 
 bear this message to your king: That not to him the 
 
14 
 
 B. I 139-169. 
 
 empire of the sea, and the awful trident, but to me by lot 
 are given: his dominions are the mighty rocks, your 
 proper mansions, Burns : in that palace let king ^olus 
 proudly boast, and reign in the close prison of the winds. 
 ^ So he speaks, and, more swiftly than his speech, 
 smooths the swelling seas, disperses the collected clouds, 
 and brings back the day. With him Cymothoe, and 
 Triton with exerted might, heave the ships from the 
 pointed rock. He himself raised them with his trident ; 
 lays open the vast sandbanks, and calms the sea ; and in 
 his light chariot glides along the surface of the waves. 
 And as when a sedition has perchance arisen among a 
 mighty multitude, and the minds of the ignoble vulgar 
 rage; now firebrands, now stones fly; fury supplies them 
 with arms : if then, by chance, they espy a man revered 
 in piety and worth, they are hushed, and stand with ears 
 erect ; he, by eloquence, rules their passions, and calms 
 their breasts. Thus all the raging tumult of the ocean 
 subsides, as soon as the sire, surveying the seas, and 
 wafted through the open sky, guides his steeds, and 
 flying, gives the reins to his easy chariot. 
 
 The weary Trojans direct their course towards the 
 nearest snores, and make the coast of Libya. In a long 
 recess, a station lies ; an island forms it into a harbour by 
 its jutting sides, against which every wave from the 
 ocean is broken, and divides itself into receding curves. 
 On either side vast cliffs, and two twin-like rocks, threaten 
 the sky ; under whose summit the waters all around are 
 calm and still. Above is a sylvan scene with waving 
 woods, and a dark grove with awful shade hangs over. 
 Under the opposite front a cave is of pendant rocks, 
 within which are fresh springs, and seats of living stone, 
 the recCvSS of nymphs. Here neither cables hold, nor 
 anchors with crooked fluke moor the weather-beaten 
 
B. I. 170- 200. 
 
 15 
 
 ships. To this retreat ^neas brings seven ships, col- 
 lected from all his fleet ; and the Trojans, longing much 
 for land, disembarking, enjoy the wished-for shore, and 
 stretch their brine-drenched limbs upon the beach. 
 Then first Achates struck spark from a flint, received the 
 fire ia leaves, round it applied dry combustible matter, 
 and instantly blew up a flame from the fuel. Then, 
 spent with toil and hunger, they produce their grain, 
 damaged by the sea water, and the instruments of Ceres ; 
 and prepare to dry over the fire, and to grind with stones, 
 their rescued corn. Meanwhile ^neas climbs a rock, 
 and takes a prospect of the wide ocean all around, if, by 
 any means, he can descry any [man like] Antheus 
 tossed by the wind, and the Phrygian galleys, or Capys, 
 or the arms of Caicus, on the lofty deck. He sees no 
 ship in view, but three stags straying on the shore: 
 these the whole herd follow, and are feeding through 
 the valley in a long-extended train. Here he stopped 
 short, and snatching his bow and swift arrows, (weapons 
 which the faithful Achates bore,) first prostrates the 
 leaders, bearing their heads high with branching horns ; 
 next the vulgar throng ; and disperses the whole herd, 
 driving them with darts through the leafy woods. Nor 
 desists he, till conqueror he stretches seven huge deer 
 on the ground, and equals their number with his ships. 
 Hence he returns to the port, and shares them amongst 
 all his companions. Then the hero divides the wine 
 which the good Acestes had stowed in casks on the 
 Sicilian shore, and given them at parting, and with these 
 words cheers their saddened hearts : O companions, 
 who have sustained severer ills than these, (for we are 
 not strangers to former days of adversity,) to these, too, 
 God will grant a termination. You have approached 
 both Scylla's fury, and those deep roaring rocks ; you are 
 
16 
 
 B. I. 201-229. 
 
 unacquainted with the dens of the Cyclops : resume thee 
 your courage, and dismiss your desponding fears ; per- 
 haps hereafter it may delight you to remember these 
 sufferings. Through various mischances, through so 
 many perilous adventures, we steer to Latium, where 
 the Fates give us the prospect of peaceful settlements. 
 There Troy's kingdom is allowed once more to rise. 
 Persevere, and reserve yourselves for prosperous days. 
 So he says in words ; and oppressed with heavy cares, 
 wears the looks of hope, buries deep anguish in his 
 breast. 
 
 They address themselves to the spoil and future feast : 
 tear the skin from the ribs, and lay the flesh bare. Some 
 cut into parts, and fix on spits the quivering limbs : 
 others place the brazen caldrons on the shore, and pre- 
 pare the fires. Then they repair their strength with food, 
 and, stretched along the grass, regale themselves with 
 old wine and fat venison. After hunger was taken away 
 by banquets, and the viands removed, in long discourse 
 they inquire after their lost companions, in suspense be- 
 tween hope and fear, whether to believe them yet alive, 
 or that they have finished their destiny, and no longer 
 hear when called. Above the rest, the pious ^neas, 
 within himself, bemoans now the loss of the active Orontes, 
 now of Amycus, and then the cruel fate of lyycus, with 
 valiant Gyas, and valiant Cloanthus. 
 
 And now there was an end [of discourse] ; when Jove 
 looking down from the lofty sky upon the sail-flown sea, 
 and the lands lying at rest, with the shores and the nations 
 dispersed abroad ; thus stood on the pinnacle of heaven, 
 and fixed his eyes on Libya's realms. To him, revolving 
 such cares in his mind, Venus, in mournful mood, her 
 bright eyes bedimmed with tears, addresses herself : O 
 thou, who with eternal sway rulest, and with thy thunder 
 
B. I. 230-259. 
 
 17 
 
 overawest, the affairs of both gods and men, what so high 
 offence against thee could my ^neas or the Trojans be 
 guilty of, that, after having suffered so many deaths, they 
 must be shut out from all the world on account of Italy? 
 Surely you promised, that in some future age, after cir- 
 cling years, the Romans should descend from them, 
 powerful leaders spring from the blood of Teucer re- 
 stored, who should rule the sea, the nations with absolute 
 sway. Father ! why is thy purpose changed ? I, indeed, 
 was solacing myself with this promise under Troy's fall 
 and sad ruin, w^ith fates balancing contrary fates. Now 
 the same fortune still pursues them, after they have been 
 driven with such variety of woes. Great king, what end 
 to their labours wilt thou give? Antenor, escaped from 
 amidst the Greeks, could with safety penetrate the lUy- 
 rian gulf, and the inmost realms of Iviburnia, and overpass 
 the springs of Timavus ; whence, through nine months, 
 with loud echoing from the mountain, it bursts away a 
 sea impetuous, and sweeps the fields with a roaring deluge. 
 Yet there he built the city of Padua, established a Trojan 
 settlement, gave the nation a name, and set up the arms 
 of Troy. Now in calm peace composed he rests: we, 
 thy own progeny, whom thou by thy nod ordain est the 
 throne of heaven (oh, woe unutterable !) having lost 
 our ships, are betrayed, driven hither and thither far 
 from the Italian coast, to gratify the malice of one. Are 
 these the honours of piety ? is it thus thou replacest us 
 on the throne ? 
 
 The sire of gods and men, smiling upon her, with that 
 'aspect wherewith he clears the tempestuous sky, gently 
 kissed his daughter's lips ; then thus replies : Cytherea, 
 cease from fear : immovable to thee remain the fates of 
 thy people. Thou shalt see the city and promised walls 
 of I^avinium and shalt raise magnanimous ^neas aloft to 
 
18 
 
 B. I. 260-29t 
 
 the Stars of heaven ; nor is my purpose changed. In Italy 
 he (for I will tell thee, since this care lies gnawing at thy 
 heart, and tracing farther back, I will reveal the secrets 
 of fate) shall wage a mighty war, crush a stubborn nation, 
 and establish laws and cities to his people, till the third 
 summer shall see him reigning in lyatium, and three 
 winters pass after he has subdued the Rutulians. But 
 the boy Ascanius, who has now the surname of liilus 
 (Ilus he was, while the empire of Ilium flourished), shall 
 measure with his reign full thirty great circles of revolv- 
 ing months, transfer the seat of his empire from L^avi- 
 nium, and strongly fortify Alba I^onga. Here again, for 
 full three hundred years, the sceptre shall be swayed by 
 Hector's line, until Ilia, a royal priestess, impregnated by 
 Mars, shall bear two infants at a birth. Then Romulus, 
 exulting in the tawny hide of the wolf his nurse, shall 
 take upon him the rule of the nation, buUd a city sacred 
 to Mars, and from his own name call the people Romans. 
 To them I fix neither limits nor duration of empire; 
 dominion have I given them without end. And even 
 sullen Juno, who now, through jealous fear, creates end- 
 less disturbance to sea and earth and heaven, shall change 
 her counsels for the better, and join with me in befriend- 
 ing the Romans, lords of the world, and the nation of the 
 gown. Such is my pleasure. An age shall come, after a 
 course of years, when the house of Assaracus shall bring 
 under subjection Phthia and renowned Mycenae, and 
 reign over vanquished Argos. A Trojan shall be born of 
 illustrious race, Caesar, who shall bound his empire by 
 the ocean, his fame by the Stars, Julius his name, from 
 great liilus derived. Him, loaded with the spoils of the 
 Bast, you shall receive to heaven at length, having seen 
 * an end of all your cares : he too shall be invoked by vows 
 and prayers. Then, wars having ceased, fierce nations 
 
B. I. 292-320. 
 
 19 
 
 shall soften into peace. Hoary Faith, Vesta and Quiri- 
 nus, with his brother Remus, shall administer justice. 
 The dreadful gates of war shall be shut with close bolts of 
 iron. Within impious Fury, sitting on horrid arms, and 
 his hands bound behind him with a hundred brazen chains, 
 in hideous rage shall gnash his bloody jaws. 
 
 He said, and from on high sent down Maia's son, that 
 the coasts of Libya and the new towers of Carthage might 
 be open hospitably to receive the Trojans ; lest Dido, 
 ignorant of heaven's decree, should shut them out from 
 her ports. He, on the steerage of his wings, flies through 
 the expanded sky, and speedily alighted on the coasts of 
 lyibya. And now he puts his orders in execution ; and, at 
 the will of the god, the Carthaginians lay aside the fierce- 
 ness of their hearts : the queen, especially, entertains 
 thoughts of peace, and a benevolent disposition towards 
 the Trojans. 
 
 But pious ^neas, by night revolving many things, re- 
 solved, as soon as cheerful day arose, to set out, and to 
 reconnoitre the unknown country, on what coasts he was 
 driven by the wind ; who are the inhabitants, whether 
 men or wild beasts, (for he sees nothing but uncultivated 
 grounds,) and inform his friends of his discoveries. Within 
 a winding grove, under a hollow rock, he secretly disposed 
 his fleet, fenced round with trees and gloomy shades: 
 himself marches forth, attended by Achates alone, brand- 
 ishing in his hand two javelins of broad-pointed steel. 
 To whom, in the midst of a wood, his mother presents 
 herself, wearing the mien and attire of a virgin, and the 
 arms of a Spartan maid ; or resembling Thracian Harpa- 
 lyce, when she tires her steeds, and in her course outflies 
 the swift Hebrus : for, huntress-like, she had hung from 
 her shoulders a light bow, and suffered h er hair to wanton 
 in the wind ; bare to the knee, with her flowing robes 
 
20 
 
 B. I. 321-350. 
 
 gathered in a knot. Then first, Pray, youths, she says, 
 inform me if by chance ye have seen any of my sisters 
 wandering this way, equipped with a quiver, and the skin 
 of a spotted lynx, or with full cry urging the chase of a 
 foaming boar. Thus Venus, and thus Venus' son replied : 
 Of your sisters not one has been heard or seen by me. O 
 virgin, by what name shall ! address thee? for thou wear- 
 est not the looks of a mortal, nor sounds thy voice human. 
 O thou a goddess surely ! Are you the sister of Phoebus, 
 or one of the race of the nymphs? Oh! be propitious, 
 and whoever you are, ease our anxious minds, and inform 
 us under what climate, on what region of the globe, we at 
 length are thrown. We wander strangers both to the 
 country and the inhabitants, driven upon this coast by 
 furious winds and swelling seas. So shall many a victim 
 ^ fall a sacrifice at thine altars by our right hand. Then 
 Venus : I, indeed, deem not myself worthy of such honour. 
 It is the custom for the Tyrian virgins to wear a quiver, 
 and bind the leg thus high with a purple buskin. You 
 see the kingdom of Carthage, a Tyrian people, and Age- 
 nor's city. But the country is that of Libya, a race in- 
 vincible in war. The kingdom is ruled by Dido, who fled 
 hither from Tyre, to shun her brother's hate : tedious is 
 the relation of her wrongs, and intricate the circumstances ; 
 but I shall trace the principal heads. Her husband was 
 Sichseus, the richest of the Phoenicians in land, and 
 passionately beloved by his unhappy spouse. Her father 
 had given her to him in her virgin bloom, and joined her 
 In wedlock with the first connubial rites : but her brother 
 Pygmalion then possessed the throne of Tyre ; atrociously 
 wicked beyond all mortals. Between them hatred arose. 
 He, impious, and blinded with the love of gold, having 
 taken Sichoeus by surprise, secretly assassmates him be- 
 fore the altar, regardless of his sister's great affection. 
 
B.I 351-387. 
 
 21 
 
 Long he kept the deed concealed, and wicked, forging 
 many lies, amused the heart-sick, loving [queen] with 
 vain hope. But the ghost of her unburied husband ap- 
 peared to her in a dream, lifting up his visage amazingly 
 pale and ghastly : he opened to her view the bloody altars, 
 and his breast transfixed with the sword, and detected all 
 tne hidden villainy of the house ; then exhorts her to 
 iiasten flight, and quit her native country ; and, to aid 
 her flight, reveals treasures ancient in the earth, an 
 unknown mass of gold and silver. Dido, roused by this 
 awful messenger, provided friends, and prepared to fly. 
 They assemble, who either had mortal hatred or violent 
 dread of the tyrant : what ships by chance are ready, they 
 seize in haste, and load with gold. The wealth of the 
 covetous Pygmalion is conveyed over sea. A woman is 
 guide of the exploit. Thither they came, where now you 
 will see the stately walls and rising towers of a new-built 
 Carthage, and bought as much ground as they could 
 enclose with a bull's hide, called Byrsa, in commemora- 
 tion of the deed. But [say] now, who are you ? or from 
 what coasts you came, or whither -are you bending your 
 way ? To these her demands, the hero, with heavy sighs, 
 and slowly raising his words from the bottom of his breast, 
 [thus replies,] If I, O goddess ! tracing from their first 
 source, shall pursue, and you have leisure to hear, the 
 annals of our woes, the evening star will first shut heaven's 
 gates upon the expiring day. Driven over a length of 
 seas from ancient Troy (if the name of Troy hath by 
 chance reached your ears), a tempest, by its wonted 
 chance, threw us on this Ivibyan coast. I am ^neas the 
 pious, renowned by fame above the skies, who carry with 
 me in my fleet the gods I snatched away from the enemy. 
 I seek my country, Italy ; and my descendants sprang 
 from Jove supreme. With twice ten ships I embarked on 
 
22 
 
 B. I. 382-4ia 
 
 the Phrygian Sea, having followed the destinies vouch- 
 safed me, my goddess-mother pointing out the way ; seven, 
 with much ado, are saved, torn and shattered by waves 
 and wind. Myself, a stranger, poor and destitute, wander 
 ,through the deserts of Africa, banished from Europe and 
 from Asia. Venus, unable to bear his further complaints, 
 Ws interrupted in the midst of his grief: Whoever you 
 may be, I trust you live not unbefriended by the powers 
 of heaven, who have arrived at a Tyrian city. But do you 
 forthwith bend your course directly to the palace of the 
 queen : for, that your friends are returned, and your ships 
 saved, and by a turn of the north wind wafted into a secure 
 harbour, I pronounce to thee with assurance, unless my 
 parents, fond of a lying art, have in vain taught me divi- 
 nation. See these twelve swans exulting in a body, whom 
 the bird of Jove, having glided from the ethereal region, 
 was chasing through the open air : now, in a long train, 
 they seem either to choose their ground, or to hover over 
 the place they have already chosen. As they, returning, 
 sportive clap their rustling wings, wheel about the heavens 
 in a troop, and raise their melodious notes ; just so your 
 ships and youthful crew, either are possessed of the har- 
 bour, or are entering the port with full sail. Proceed, 
 then, and pursue your way where this path directs. 
 
 She said, and turning away, shone radiant with her 
 rosy neck, and from her head ambrosial locks breathed 
 divine fragrance : her robe hung flowing to the ground, 
 and by her gait the goddess stood confessed. The hero, 
 soon as he knew his mother, with these accents pursued 
 her as she fled : Why so oft dost thou too cruelly mock 
 thy son with vain shapes? why is not granted me to join 
 my hand to thine, and to hear and answer thee by turns 
 in words sincere and undissembled ? Thus he expostu- 
 lates with her, and directs his course to the walls. But 
 
B. I. 411-440. 
 
 25 
 
 Venus screened them on their way with dim clonds, and 
 the goddess spread around them a thick veil of mist, that 
 none might see, or touch, or cause them interruption, or 
 inquire into the reasons of their coming. She herself 
 wings her way sublime to Paphos, and with joy revisits 
 her seats ; where, sacred to her honour, is a temple and a 
 "hundred altars smoke with Sabean incense, and are 
 fragrant with fresh garlands. 
 
 Meanwhile they urged their way where the path 
 directs. And now they were ascending the hill that 
 hangs over a great part of the town, and from above sur- 
 veys its opposite towers, -^neas admires the mass of 
 buildings, once cottages : he admires the gates, the 
 bustle and the paved streets. The Tyrians warmly ply 
 the work : some extend the walls, and raise a tower to 
 push along unwieldy stones ; some choose out the ground 
 for a private building, and enclose it with a trench. Some 
 choose [a place for] the courts of justice, for the magis- 
 trates' [halls] and the venerable senate. Here some are 
 digging ports ; there others are laying the foundations 
 for lofty theatres, and hewing huge columns from the 
 rocks, the lofty decorations of future scenes. Such their 
 toil as in summer's prime employs the bees amidst the 
 flowery fields under the sun, when they lead forth the 
 full-grown swarms of their race, or when they press close 
 the liquid honey and distend the cells with sweet nectar ; 
 or when they disburden those that come home loaded, or 
 in formed battalion, drive the inactive flock of drones 
 from the hives. The work is hotly plied, and the fra- 
 grant honey smells strongly of thyme. O happy ye, 
 whose walls now rise ! ^neas says, and lifts his eyes to 
 the turrets of the city. Shrouded in a cloud (a marvel 
 to be told !), he passes amidst the multitude, and mingles 
 with the throng, nor is seen by any. In the centre of 
 2 
 
24 
 
 B I 441-470. 
 
 the city was a grove, most delightful in shade, where 
 first the Carthaginians, driven by wind and wave, dug up 
 the head of a sprightly courser, an omen which royal 
 yttno showed : for by this [she signified], that the nation 
 wa5 tq be renowned for war, brave and victorious through 
 iigeiiTf ^re Sidonian Dido built to Juno a stately temple, 
 enriched with gifts, and the presence of the goddese ; 
 whosr brazen threshold rose on steps, the beams were 
 t)ound with brass, and the hinge creaked beneath brazen 
 gates. In this grove the view of an unexpected scene 
 first abated the fear [of the Trojans] : here ^neas first 
 dared to hope for redress, and to conceive better hopes of 
 his afflicted state. For while he surveys every object in 
 the spacious temple, waiting the queen's arrival ; while 
 he is musing with wonder on the fortune of the city ; and 
 [compares] the skill of the artists and their elaborate 
 works, he sees the Trojan battles [delineated] in order, 
 and the war now known by fame over all the world ; the 
 sons of Atreus, Priam and Achilles implacable to both. 
 He stood still ; and, with tears in his eyes. What place. 
 Achates, what country on the globe is not full of our 
 disaster? See Priam! even here praiseworthy deeds 
 meet with due reward : here are tears for misfortunes 
 and the breasts are touched with human woes. Disrniss 
 your fears : this fame of ours will bring thee some relief. 
 Thus he speaks, and feeds his mind with the empty repre- 
 sentations, heaving many a sigh, and bathes his visage 
 in floods of tei^ For he beheld how, on one hand, the 
 warrior Greeks were flying round the walls of Troy, 
 whfle the Trojan youth closely pursued ; on the other 
 hand, the Trojans [were flying], while plumed Achilles, 
 in his chariot, pressed on their rear. Not far from that 
 scene, weeping, he espies the tents of Rhesus, with their 
 snow-white veils; which, betrayed by the first sleep, 
 
B. I. 471-501. 
 
 25 
 
 cruel Diomede plundered, drenched in much blood, and 
 led away his fiery steeds to the [Grecian] camp, before 
 they had tasted the pasture of Troy, or drank of Xanthus. 
 In another part, Troilus, flying after the loss of his arms, 
 ill-fated youth, and unequally matched with Achilles ! is 
 dragged by his horses, and from the empty chariot hangs 
 supine, yet grasping the reins ; his neck and hair trail 
 along the ground, and the dusty plain is traced by the 
 inverted spear. Meanwhile the Trojan matrons were 
 marching to the temple of adverse Pallas, with their hair 
 dishevelled, and were bearing the robe, suppliantly 
 mournful, and beating their bosoms with their hands. 
 The goddess turned away, kept her eyes fixed on the 
 ground. Thrice had Achilles dragged Hector round the 
 walls of Troy, and was selling his breathless corpse for 
 gold. Then, indeed, ^neas sent forth a deep groan from 
 the bottom of his breast, when he saw the spoils, the 
 chariot, and the very body of his friend, and Priam 
 stretching forth his feeble hands. Himself, too, he 
 recognised mingled with the Grecian leaders, and the 
 Eastern bands, and the arms of swarthy Memnon. 
 Furious Penthesilea leads on her troops of Amazons, 
 with their crescent shields, and burns amidst the thickest 
 ranks. Below her exposed breast the heroine had girt a 
 golden belt, and the virgin warrior dares even to 
 encounter with men. 
 
 These wondrous scenes, while the Trojan prince sur- 
 veys, while he is lost in thought, and in one gaze stands 
 unmoved ; Queen Dido, of surpassing beauty, advanced 
 to the temple, attended by a numerous retinue of youth. 
 As on the banks of Kurotas, or on Mount Cynthus' top, 
 Diana leads the circular dances, round whom a numerous 
 train of mountain nymphs play in rings ; she bears her 
 quiver on her shoulder, and moving majestic, she towers 
 
26 
 
 B. I. 502-531 
 
 above the other goddesses, while silent raptures thrill 
 Latona's bosom ; such Dido was, and such, with cheerful 
 grace, she passed amidst her train, urging forward the 
 labour and her future kingdom. Then at the gate of the 
 goddess, in the middle of the temple's dome, she took 
 her seat, surrounded with her guards, and raised aloft on 
 a throne. [Here] she dispensed justice and laws to h^r 
 subjects, and, in equal portions, distributed their tasks, 
 or settled them by lot ; when suddenly ^neas sees, ad- 
 vancing with a vast concourse, Antheus, Sergestus, brave 
 Cloanthus, and other Trojans, whom a black storm had 
 tossed up and down the sea, and driven to other far-dis- 
 tant shores. ^ At once he was amazed, at once Achates 
 was struck, and between joy and fear both ardently 
 longed to join hands ; but the uncertainty of the event 
 perplexes their minds. They carry on their disguise, 
 and, shrouded under the bending cloud, watch to learn 
 the fortune of their friends ; on what coast they left the 
 fleet, and on what errand they came : for a select num- 
 ber had come from all the ships to sue for grace, and, 
 with mingled voices, approached the temple. 
 
 Having gained admission and liberty to speak in the 
 presence, Ilioneus their chief, with mind composed, 
 thus began : O queen, to whom Jove has granted to 
 found this rising city and to curb proud nations with just 
 laws, we Trojans forlorn, tossed by winds over every sea, 
 implore thee : keep from our ships the merciless flames ; 
 spare a pious race, and propitiously regard our distresses. 
 We are not come either to ravage with the sword ths) 
 Libyan abodes, or to seize and bear away the plunder to 
 our ships. We have no such hostile intention, nor does 
 such pride of heart become the vanquished. There is a 
 place called by the Greeks Hesperia, an ancient land, re- 
 nowned for martial deeds and fruitful soil ; the CE)no- 
 
B. L 532-560. 
 
 27 
 
 trians possessed it once : now fame is that their descend- 
 ants call the nations Italy, from their leader's name ; 
 hither our course was bent, when suddenly tempestuous 
 Orion rising from the main, drove us on hidden shallows, 
 and with southern blasts fiercely sporting, tossed us hither 
 and thither over waves, and over pathless rocks, over- 
 whelmed by the briny deep : hither we few have floated 
 to your coasts. What a race of men is this ? what coun- 
 try so barbarous to allow such manners? We are denied 
 the hospitality of the shore. In arms they rise, and for- 
 bid our setting foot on the first verge of land. If you set 
 at nought tL human kind, and the arms of mortals, yet 
 know the gods have a mindful regard to right and wrong. 
 We had for our king ^neas, than whom no one was more 
 just in piety, none more signalized in war and in martial 
 achievements ; whom, if the Fates preserve, if he 
 breathe the vital air, and do not yet rest with the ruth- 
 less shades, neither shall we despair, nor you repent your 
 having been the first in challenging to acts of kindness. 
 We have likewise cities and arms in Sicily, and the illus- 
 trious Acestes is of Trojan extraction. Permit us to 
 bring to shore our wind-beaten fleet, and from your 
 woods to choose [trees for] planks, and to refit our oars ; 
 that, if it be granted to bend our course to Italy, upon 
 the recovery of our prince and friends, we may joyfully 
 set out thither, and make the I^atian shore. But if our 
 safety has perished, and thou, O father of the Trojans, 
 the best of men ! now liest buried in the Libyan Sea, and 
 ao further hope of liilus remains, we may at least repair 
 to the straits of Sicily, and the settlement there prepared 
 for us, (whence we were driven hither,) and visit king 
 Acestes. So spoke Ilioneus ; at the same time, the other 
 Trojans murmured their consent. 
 
28 
 
 B. I. 561-590. 
 
 Then Dido, with downcast looks, thus in brief replies : 
 Trojans, banish fear from your breasts, lay your cares 
 aside. My hard fate, and the infancy of my kingdom, 
 force me to take such measures and to secure my fron- 
 tiers with guards around. Who is stranger to the ^neian 
 race, the city of Troy, her heroes, and their valorous 
 Seeds, and to the devastations of so renowned a war? 
 We Carthaginians do not possess hearts that are so ob- 
 durate and insensible, nor yokes the sun his steeds so far 
 away from our Tyrian city. Whether Hesperia the 
 greater, and the country where Saturn reigned, or ye 
 choose [to visit] Bryx' coast and king Acestes, I will 
 dismiss you safe with assistance, and support you with 
 my wealth. Or will you settle with me in this realm ? 
 The city which I am building shall be yours : draw your 
 ships ashore ; Trojan and Tyrian shall be treated by me 
 with no distinction. And would that your prince ^neas 
 too were here, driven by the same wind ! However, I 
 will send trusty messengers along the coasts, with order 
 to search I^ibya's utmost bounds, if he is thrown out to 
 wander in some wood or city. • 
 
 Animated by these words, brave Achates and father 
 ^neas had long impatiently desired to break from the 
 cloud. Achates first addressed ^neas : Goddess-born, 
 what purpose now arises in your mind ? You see all is 
 safe ; your fleet and friends restored. One alone is miss- 
 ing, whom we ourselves beheld sunk in the midst of the 
 waves: everything else agrees with your mother's pre- 
 diction. He had scarcely spoken, when suddenly the 
 circumambient cloud splits asunder, and dissolves into 
 the open air. ^neas stood forth, and in the clear light 
 shone conspicuous, in countenance and form resembling 
 a god : for Venus herself had breathed upon her son 
 graceful locks, and the radiant bloom of youth, and 
 
p. I. 591-621. 
 
 29 
 
 breathed a sprightly lustre on his eyes : such beauty as 
 the hand superadds to ivory, or where silver or Parian 
 marble is enchased with yellow gold. 
 
 Then suddenly addressing the queen, he, to the sur- 
 prise of all, thus begins : I, whom you seek, am present 
 before you ; Trojan ^neas, snatched from the Libyan 
 ..waves. O thou, who alone hast commiserated Troy's un- 
 "utterable calamities ! who in thy town and palace dost 
 associate us, a remnant saved from the Greeks, who have 
 now been worn out by woes in every shape, both by sea 
 and land, and are in want of all things ! to repay thee 
 due thanks, great queen, exceeds the power not only of 
 us, but of all the Dardan race, wherever dispersed ovef 
 the world. The gods (if any powers divine regard the 
 pious, if justice anywhere exists, and a mind conscious 
 of its own virtue) shall yield thee a just recompence. 
 What age was so happy as to produce thee ? who were 
 the parents of so illustrious an offspring? While rivers 
 run into the sea, while shadows move round the conve:^ 
 mountains, while heaven feeds the stars ; your honour, 
 name, and praise [with me] shall ever live, to whatever 
 climes I am called. This said, he embraces his friend 
 Ilioneus with his right hand, and Serestus with his left : 
 then the rest, the heroic Gyas, and the heroic Cloanthus. 
 
 Sidonian Dido stood astonished, first at the presence of 
 the hero, then at his signal sufferings, and thus her speech 
 addressed : What hard fate, O goddess-born, pursues thee 
 through such mighty dangers ! what power drives thee on 
 this barbarous coast? Are you that ^neas, whom, by 
 Phrygian Simois' stream, fair Venus bore to Trojan An- 
 chises? And now, indeed, I call to mind that Teucerp 
 expelled from his native country, came to Sidon in quest 
 of a new kingdom, by the aid of Belus. My father Belus 
 then reaped the soil of wealthy Cyprus, and held it in 
 
30 
 
 B 1. 622-654. 
 
 subjection to his victorious arms. Ever since that time 
 I have been acquainted with the fate of Troy, with your 
 name, and the Grecian kings. The enemy himself extolled 
 the Trojans with distinguished praise, and with pleasure 
 traced his descent from the ancient Trojan race. Come 
 then, youths, enter our walls. Me, too, through a series 
 of labours tossed, a like fortune has at length doomed to 
 settle in this land. Not unacquainted with misfortune 
 [in my own person], I have learned to succour the dis- 
 tressed. 
 
 This said, she forthwith leads ^neas into the royal 
 apartments, and at the same time ordains due honours for 
 the temples of the gods. Meanwhile, with no less care, 
 she sends presents to his companions on the shore, twenty 
 bulls, a hundred bristly backs of huge boars, a hundred 
 fat lambs, with the ewes, as gifts and pleasure for the day. 
 But the inner rooms are splendidly furnished with regal 
 pomp, and banquets are prepared in the middle of the 
 hall. Couch draperies wrought with art, and of proud 
 purple ; massive silver plate on the table, and, embossed 
 in gold, the brave exploits of her ancestors, a lengthened 
 series of history traced down through so many heroes, 
 from the first founder of the ancient race, ^neas (for 
 paternal affection suffered not his mind to rest) with speed 
 sends on Achates to the ships, to bear those tidings to 
 Ascanius, and bring [the boy] himself to the city. All 
 the care of the fond parent centres in Ascanius. Besides, 
 he bids him bring presents, saved from the ruins of Troy, 
 a mantle stiff with gold and figures, and a veil woven 
 round wdth safiron-coloured acanthus, the ornaments of 
 Grecian Helen, which she had brought with her from 
 Mycenae, when bound for Troy, and lawless nuptuals ; her 
 mother Leda's wondrous gift ; a sceptre too, which once 
 Hione, Priam's eldest daughter, bore, a neckless strung 
 
B. I. 655-687. 
 
 31 
 
 with pearl, and a crown set with double rows of gems and 
 gold. This message to dispatch, Achates directed his 
 course to the ships. 
 
 But Venus revolves in her breast new plots, new de- 
 signs ; that Cupid should come in place of sweet Ascanius, 
 assuming his mien and features, and by the gifts kindle 
 in the queen all the rage of love, and enwrap the flame 
 in her very bones ; for she dreads the equivocating race, 
 and the double-tongued Tyrians. FeU Juno torments her, 
 and with the night her care returns. To winged lyove, 
 therefore, she addresses these words : O son, my strength, 
 my mighty power ; my son, who alone defiest the Ty- 
 phoean bolts of Jove supreme, to thee I fly, and suppliant 
 implore thy deity. *Tis known to thee how round all 
 shores thy brother ^neas is tossed from sea to sea, by the 
 spite of partial Juno, and in my grief thou hast often 
 grieved. Him Phoenician Dido entertains, and amuses 
 with smooth speech ; and I fear what may be the issue of 
 Juno's acts of hospitality : she will not be idle in so criti- 
 cal a conjuncture ; wherefore, I purpose to prevent the 
 queen by subtle means, and to beset her with the flames 
 of love that no power may influence her to change, but 
 that with me she may be possessed by great fondness 
 for ^neas. How this thou mayest eff'ect, now hear my 
 plan. The royal boy, my chief care, at his father's call, 
 prepares to visit the Sidonian city, bearing presents 
 saved from the sea and flames of Troy. Him having lulled 
 to rest, I will lay down in some sacred retreat on Cythera's 
 tops, or above Idalium, lest he should discover the plot, 
 or interfere with it. Do you artfully counterfeit his face 
 but for one night, and, yourself a boy, assume a boy's 
 familiar looks ; that when Dido shall take -thee to her 
 bosom in the height of her joy, amid the royal feasts, 
 and Bacchus' stream, when she shall give thee embraces, 
 2 * 
 
32 
 
 B. I. 688-716. 
 
 and imprint sweet kisses, thou mayest breathe into her 
 the secret flame, and by stealth convey the poison. Ivove 
 obeys the dictates of his dear mother, and lays aside his 
 wings, and joyful trips along in the gait of liilus. Mean- 
 while Venus pours the dews of balmy sleep on Ascanius* 
 limbs, and in her bosom fondled, conveys him to Idalia'sJ 
 lofty groves, where soft marjoram, perfuming the air with 
 flowers and fragrant shade, clasps Ijim round. 
 
 Now, in obedience to his instructions, Cupid went 
 along, and bore the royal presents to the Tyrians, pleased 
 with Achates for his guide. By the time he arrived, the 
 queen had placed herself on a golden couch, under a rich 
 canopy, and had taken her seat in the middle. Now 
 father ^neas, and now the Trojan youth, join the assem- 
 bly, and couch themselves on the strawn purple. The 
 attendants supply water for the hands, dispense the gifts 
 of Ceres from baskets, and furnish them with the smooth- 
 shorn towels. Within are fifty handmaids, whose task 
 it was to prepare provisions in due order, and do honour 
 to the household gods. A hundred more, and as many 
 servants of equal age, are employed to load the boards 
 with dishes, and place the cups. In like manner the Ty- 
 rians, a numerous train, assembled in the joyful courts, 
 invited to recline on the embroidered beds. They view 
 with wonder the presents of ^neas : nor with less won- 
 der do they view liilus, the glowing aspect of the god, 
 his well-dissembled words, the mantle and veil figured 
 with leaves of the acanthus in saffron colours. Chiefly, 
 the unhappy queen henceforth devoted to love's pestilen- 
 tial influence, cannot satisfy her feeling, and is inflamed 
 ^ith every glance, and is equally moved by the boy and 
 by his gifts. He on Eneas' neck having hung with em- 
 braces, and having fully gratified his fictitious father's 
 ardent affections, makes for the queen. She clings to 
 
B. I. 717-745. 
 
 33 
 
 him with her eyes, her whole soul, and sometimes fon- 
 dles him in her lap. Dido not thinking what a powerful 
 god is settling on her, hapless one. Meanwhile he, 
 mindful of his Acidalian mother, begins insensibly to 
 efface the memory of Sichaeus, and with a living flame 
 tries to prepossess her languid affections, and her heart 
 chilled by long disuse. 
 
 Soon as the first banquet ended, and the viands were 
 removed, they place large mixers, and crown the wines. 
 A bustling din arises through the hall, and they roll 
 through the ample courts the bounding voice. Down 
 from the gold-fretted ceilings hang the flaming lamps, and 
 torches overpower the darkness of the night. Here the 
 queen called for a bowl, heavy with gems and gold, and 
 with pure wine filled it to the brim, which Belus, and all 
 her ancestors from Belus, used ; then, having enjoined 
 silence through the palace, [she thus began :] O Jove, 
 (for by thee, it is said, the laws of hospitality were given,) 
 grant this may be an auspicious day both to the Tyrians 
 and my Trojan guests, and may this day be commemo- 
 rated by our posterity. Bacchus, the giver of joy, and 
 propitious Juno, be present here ; and you, my Tyrians, 
 with good will, solemnize this meeting. She said, and on 
 the table poured an offering ; and, after the libation, first 
 gently touched [the cup] with her lips, then gave it to 
 Bitias with a challenge : he quickly drained the foaming 
 bowl, and laved himself with the brimming gold. After 
 him the other lords [drank]. Ivong-haired lopas [next] 
 tunes his golden lyre to what the mighty Atlas taughto 
 He sings of the wandering moon and the eclipses of the 
 sun ; whence the race of man and beasts, whence show- 
 ers and fiery meteors arise : of Arcturus, the rainy Hy- 
 ades, and the two northern wains ; why winter suns make 
 80 much haste to set in the ocean, or what retarding 
 
34 
 
 B. I. 746-756 B. n. 1-12. 
 
 cause detains tiie slow [summer] nights. The Tyrians 
 redouble their applauses, and the Trojans concur. 
 
 Meanwhile unhappy Dido, with varied converse, spun 
 out the night, and drank long draughts of love, questioning 
 much about Priam, much about Hector : now in what 
 arms Aurora's son had come ; now what were the excel- 
 lences of Diomede's steed ; now how mighty was AchilleSo 
 Nay come, my guest, she says ; and from the first origin, 
 relate to us the stratagems of the Greeks, the adventures 
 of your friends, and your own wanderings ; for now the 
 seventh summer brings thee [to our coasts], through 
 wandering mazes roaming o'er every land and sea. 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
 In the Second Book, ^neas, at the desire of Queen Dido, relates the fall of 
 Troy, and his escape, through the general conflagration, to Mount Ida. A 
 comparison with the poems of Petronius and Tryphiodorus will repay the 
 reader. 
 
 Aiviy became silent, and fixed their eyes upon him, 
 eagerly attentive : then father ^neas thus from his lofty 
 couch began : 
 
 Unutterable woes, O queen, you urge me to renew ; to 
 tell how the Greeks overturned the power of Troy, and 
 its deplorable realms ; both what seems of misery I myself 
 beheld, and those wherein I was a principal party. What 
 Myrmidon, or Dolopian, or who of hardened Ulysses' 
 band, can, in the very telling of such woes, refrain from 
 tears? Besides, humid night is hastening down the sky, 
 and the setting stars invite to sleep. But since you are 
 so desirous of knowing our misfortunes, and briefly hear- 
 ing the last eifort of Troy, though my soul shudders at 
 the remembrance, and hath shrunk back with grief, yet 
 
B. «i. 13-41. 
 
 35 
 
 will I begin. The Grecian leaders, now disheartened by 
 the war, and baffled by the Fates, after a revolution of so 
 many years [being assisted] by the divine skill of Pallas, 
 build a horse to the size of a mountain, and interweave 
 its ribs with planks of fir. This they pretend to be an 
 offering, in order to procure a safe return ; which report 
 spread. Hither having secretly conveyed a select band^ 
 chosen by lot, they shut them up into the dark sides, and 
 fill its capacious caverns and womb with armed soldiers. 
 In sight [of Troy] lies Tenedos, an island well known by 
 fame, and flourishing while Priam's kingdom stood : now 
 only a bay, and a station unfaithful for ships. Having 
 made this island, they conceal themselves in that desolate 
 shore. We imagined they were gone, and that they had 
 set sail for Mycenae. In consequence of [this] , all Troy is 
 released from its long distress : the gates are thrown open ; 
 with joy we issue forth, and view the Grecian camp, the 
 deserted plains, and the abandoned shore. Here were 
 the Dolopian bands, there stern Achilles had pitched his 
 tent ; here were the ships drawn up, there they were wont 
 to contend in array. Some view with amazement that 
 baleful offering of the virgin Minerva, and wonder at the 
 stupendous bulk of the horse ; and Thymoetes first advises 
 that it be dragged within the walls and lodged in the 
 tower, whether with treacherous design, or that the des- 
 tiny of Troy now would have it so. But Capys, and all 
 whose minds had wiser sentiments, strenuously urge 
 either to throw into the sea the treacherous snare and 
 suspected oblation of the Greeks ; or by applying flames 
 consume it to ashes ; or to lay open and ransack the re- 
 cesses of the hollow womb. The fickle populace is split 
 into opposite inclinations. Upon this, lyaocoon, accom- 
 panied with a numerous troop, first before all, with ardour 
 hastens down from the top of the citadel ; and while yet 
 
36 ;eNEID. B- n- 42-70. 
 
 a great way off [cries out], O, wretched countrymen, 
 what desperate infatuation is this? Do you believe the 
 enemv gone? or think you any gifts of the Greeks can 
 be fr^e from deceit? Is Ulysses thus known to you? 
 Either the Greeks lie concealed within this wood, or it is 
 an engine framed against our walls, to overlook out 
 houses, and to come down upon our city ; or some mis- 
 chievous design lurks beneath it. Trojans, put no faith 
 in this horse. Whatever it be, I dread the Greeks, even 
 when they bring gifts. Thus said, with valiant strength 
 he hurled his massy spear against the sides and belly of 
 the monster, where it swelled out with its jointed tim- 
 bers ; the weapon stood quivering, and the womb bemg 
 shaken, the hollow caverns rang, and sent forth a groan. 
 And had not the decrees of heaven [been adverse] , if our 
 minds had not been infatuated, he had prevailed on us to 
 mutilate with the sword this dark recess of the Greeks ; 
 and thou, Troy, should still have stood, and thou, lof^ 
 tower of Priam, now remained ! In the meantime, behold, 
 Trojan shepherds, with loud acclamations, came drag- 
 ging to the king a youth, whose hands were bound behind 
 him; who, to them a mere stranger, had voluntarily 
 thrown himself in the way, to promote this same design, 
 and open Troy to the Greeks; a resolute soul, and pre- 
 pared for either event, whether to execute his perfidious 
 purpose, or submit to inevitable death. The Trojan 
 youth pour tumultuously around from every quarter, 
 from eagerness to see him, and they vie with one anothei 
 m insulting the captive. Now learn the treache^ oi 
 the Greeks, and from one crime take a specimen of the 
 ^hole nation. For as he stood among the gazing crowds 
 perplexed, defenceless, and threw his eyes around the 
 Trojan bands. Ah! says he, what land, what seas can 
 now receive me? or to what further extremity can I, a 
 
B. n. 71-97. 
 
 37. 
 
 forlorn wretch, be reduced, for whom there is no shelter 
 anywhere among the Greeks ? and to complete my misery 
 the Trojans too, incensed against me, sue for satisfaction 
 with my blood. By which mournful accents our affec- 
 tions at once were moved towards him, and all our resent- 
 ment suppressed ; we exhort him to say from what race 
 he sprang, to declare what message he brings, what con 
 fidence we may repose in him, now that he is our pris- 
 oner. Then he, having at length laid aside fear, thus 
 proceeds: I indeed, O king, will confess to you the 
 whole truth, says he, be the event what will ; nor will 
 I disown that I am of Grecian extraction : this I promise ; 
 nor shall it be in the power of cruel fortune, though 
 she has made Sinon miserable, to make him also false 
 and disingenuous. If accidentally, in the course of re- 
 port, the name of Palamedes, the descendant of Belus, and 
 his illustrious renown, ever reached your ears (who, though 
 innocent, the Greeks sent down to death, under a false 
 accusation of treason, upon a villainous evidence, because 
 he gave his opinion against the war ; [but whom] now 
 they mourn bereaved of the light) ; with him my poor 
 father sent me in company to the war, from my earliest 
 years, being his near relative. While he remained safe 
 in the kingdom, and had weight in the counsels of the 
 princes, I too bore some reputation and honour : [but] 
 from the time that he, by the malice of the crafty Ulysses 
 (they are well-known truths I speak,) quitted the regions 
 above, I distressed dragged out my life in obscurity and 
 grief, and secretly repined at the fate of my innocent friend. 
 Nor could I hold my peace, fool that I was, but vowed re » 
 venge, if fortune should any way give me the oppor- 
 tunity, if ever I should return victorious to my native 
 Argos; and, by my words, I provoked bitter enmity. 
 Hence arose the first symptom of my misery ; henceforth 
 
38 
 
 B. n. 98-124. 
 
 Ulysses was always terrifying me with, new accusations ; 
 henceforth he began to spread ambiguous surmises among 
 the vulgar, and, conscious [of his own guilt] , sought the 
 means of defence. Nor did he give over, till, by making 
 Calchas his tool — but why do I thus in vain unfold these 
 disagreeables ? or why do I lose time ? If you place allj 
 the Greeks on the same footing, and your having heard 
 that be enough [to undo me], this very instant strike the 
 fatal blow : this the prince of Ithaca wishes, and the sons 
 of Atreus would give large sums to purchase. Then, in- 
 deed, we grow impatient to know and to find out the 
 causes, unacquainted with such consummate villainy and 
 Grecian artifice. He proceeds with palpitation, and speaks 
 in the falsehood of his heart. After quitting Troy, the 
 Greeks sought often to surmount the difiiculties of, their 
 return, and, tired out with th^ length of the war, to be 
 gone. And I wish they had I ^'^ften did the rough tem- 
 pest on the ocean bar their flight, and the south wind 
 deterred them in their setting out. Especially when now 
 this horse, framed of maple planks, was reared, storms 
 roared through all the regions of the air. In perplexity 
 we send Burypylus to consult the oracle of Apollo ; and 
 from the sacred shrine he brings back this dismal re- 
 sponse : Ye appeased the winds, O ye Greeks, with the 
 blood of a virgin slain, when first you arrived on the Tro- 
 jan coast ; by blood must your return be purchased, and 
 atonement made by the life of a Greek. Which intima- 
 tion no sooner reached the ears of the multitude than 
 ^ leir minds were stunned, and freezing horror thrilled 
 ough their very bones ; [anxious to know] whom the 
 :_.tes destined, whom Apollo demanded. Upon this 
 Ulysses drags forth Calchas the seer, with great bustle, into 
 the midst of the crowd ; importunes him to say what that 
 will of the gods may be ; and, by this time, many presaged 
 
B. II. 125-152. 
 
 39 
 
 to me the cruel purpose of the dissembler, and quietly 
 foresaw the event. He, for twice five days is mute, and 
 close shut up, refuses to give forth his declaration against 
 any person, or doom him to death. At length, with much 
 ado, teased by the importunate clamours of Ulysses, he 
 breaks silence by concert, and destines me to the altar. 
 All assented, and were content to have what each dreaded 
 for himself, turned off to the ruin of one poor wretch. 
 And now the rueful day approached ; for me the sacred 
 rites were prepared, and the salted cakes, and fillets [to 
 bind] about my temples. From death, I own, I made my 
 escape, and brokie my bonds ; and in a slimy fen all night 
 I lurked obscure among the weeds, till they should set 
 sail, if by chance they should do so. Nor have I now any 
 hope of being blessed with the sight of my ancient country, 
 nor of my sweet children, and my much-beloved sire; 
 whom they, perhaps, will sue to vengeance for my escape, 
 and expiate this offence of mine by the death of those 
 unhappy innocents. But I conjure you, by the powers 
 above, by the gods who are conscious to truth, by what- 
 ever remains of inviolable faith are anywhere among 
 mortals, compassionate such grievous afflictions, com- 
 passionate a soul suffering unworthy treatment. 
 
 At these tears we grant him his life, and pity him from 
 our hearts."^ .Priam himself first gives orders that the 
 manacles and strait bonds be loosened from the man, 
 then thus addresses him in the language of a friend: 
 Whoever you are, now henceforth, forget the Greeks you 
 have lost ; ours you shall be : and give me an ingenious 
 reply to these questions : To what purpose raised they 
 this stupendous bulk of a horse? who was the contriver? 
 or what do they intend ? what was the religious motive ? 
 or what warlike engine is it ? he said. The other, prac- * 
 tised in fraud and Grecian artifice, lifted up to heaven 
 
40 
 
 B. n. 153-181, 
 
 his hands, loosed from the bonds : To you, ye everlast- 
 ing orbs of fire, he says, and your inviolable divinity ; to 
 you, ye altars and horrid swords, which I escaped ; and 
 ye fillets of the gods, which I a victim wore ; to you I 
 appeal, that I am free to violate all the sacred obligations 
 I was under to the Greeks ; I am free to hold these men 
 in abhorrence, and to bring forth to light all their dark 
 designs ; nor am I bound by any of the laws of my coun- 
 try. Only do thou, O Troy, abide by thy promises, and, 
 being preserved, preserve thy faith ; provided I disclose 
 the truth, provided I make thee large amends. 
 
 The whole hope of the Greeks, and their confidence 
 in the war begun, always depended on the aid of Pallas : 
 but when the sacrilegious Diomede, and Ulysses the con- 
 triver of wicked designs, in their attempt to carry .off by 
 force from her holy temple the fatal Palladium, having 
 slain the guards of her high tower, seized her sacred 
 image, and with bloody hands dared to touch the virgin 
 fillets of the goddess ; from that day the hope of the 
 Greeks began to ebb, and, losing footing, to decline : 
 their powers were weakened, the mind of the goddess 
 alienated: nor did Tritonia show these indications [of 
 her wrath] by dubious prodigies ; for scarcely was the 
 statue set up in the camp, when bright flames flashed 
 from her staring eye-balls, and a briny sweat flowed over 
 her limbs; and (wonderful to hear) she herself sprung 
 thrice from the ground, armed as she was, with her shield 
 and quivering spear. Forthwith Calchas declares, that 
 we must attempt the seas in flight, and that Troy can 
 never be razed by the Grecian sword, unless they repent 
 the omens at Argos, and carry back the goddess whom 
 they had conveyed over the sea in their curved ships. 
 * And now, that they have sailed for their native Mycenae 
 with the wind, they are providing themselves with arms. 
 
B, n. 182-211. ^NEID. 4j 
 
 and gods to accompany them ; and, having measured 
 back the sea, they will come upon you unexpected • so 
 Calchas interprets the omens. This figure, being warned 
 they reared in lieu of the Palladium, in lieu of the vio^ 
 lated goddess, in order to atone for their direful crime 
 But Calchas commanded to build this enormous mass' 
 tjnd raise it to the skies, that it might not be admitted 
 lato the gates, or dragged into the city, nor protect the 
 people under their ancient religion. For [he declared 
 that] If your hands should violate this offering sacred to 
 Minerva, then signal ruin (which omen may the gods 
 rather turn on himself ! ) awaited Priam's empire and the 
 Trojans. But, if by your hands it mounted into the city 
 that Asia, without further provocation given, would ad- 
 vance with a formidable war to the very walls of Pelops 
 and our posterity be doomed to the same fate. By such 
 treachery and artifice of perjured Sinon, the story was 
 believed: and we, whom neither Diomede, nor Laris- 
 
 luZ T^'^XT^"" y^^^^' - thousand 
 
 ships, had subdued, were insnared by guile and con- 
 strained tears. Here another greater scene, and far more 
 terrible, is presented to our wretched sight, and disturbs 
 our unexpecting breasts. Laocoon, ordained Neptune's 
 priest by lot, was sacrificing a stately bullock at the al- 
 tars set apart for that solemnity ; when lo ! from Tenedos 
 (I shudder at the relation) two serpents, with orbs im- 
 mense bear along on the sea, and with equal motion 
 shoot forward to the shore ; whose breasts erect amidst 
 TT' r ' bedropped with blood, tower above 
 
 the flood; their other parts sweep the sea behind, and 
 Wind their spacious backs in rolling spires. A loud noise 
 IS made by Uie briny ocean foaming: and now they 
 reached the shores, and, suffused with fire and blood ^ 
 to their glaring eyes, with quivering tongues licked thei/ 
 
42 
 
 B. n. 212-241. 
 
 hissing months. Half-dead with the sight, we fly differ- 
 ent ways. They, with resolnte motion, advance towards 
 Laocoon ; and first both serpents, with close embraces, 
 twine around the little bodies of his two sons, and with 
 their fangs mangle their wretched limbs. Next they 
 seize himself, as he is coming np with weapons to their 
 relief, and bind him fast in their mighty folds ; and now 
 grasping him twice about the middle, twice winding 
 their scaly backs around his neck, they overtop him by 
 the head and lofty neck. He strains at once with his 
 hands to tear asunder their knotted spires, while his fil- 
 lets are stained with gore and black poison : at the same 
 time he raises hideous shrieks to heaven ; such bellow- 
 ing, as when a bull has fled wounded from the altar, and 
 has eluded with his neck the missing axe. Meanwhile, 
 the two serpents glide off to the high temple, and repair 
 to the fane of stern Tritonia, and are sheltered under the 
 feet of the goddess, and the orb of her buckler. Then, 
 indeed, new terror diffuses itself through the quaking 
 hearts of all ; and they pronounce Laocoon to have de- 
 servedly suffered for his crime, in having violated the 
 sacred wood with his pointed weapon, and hurled his 
 profane spear against its sides. They urge with general 
 voice to convey the statue to its proper seat, and implore 
 the favour of the goddess. We make a breach in the 
 walls, and lay open the bulwarks of the city. All keenly 
 ply the work ; and under the feet apply smooth-rolling 
 wheels ; stretch hempen ropes from the neck. The fatal 
 machine passes over our walls, pregnant with arms; 
 boys and unmarried virgins accompany it with sacred 
 hymns, and are glad to touch the rope with their hand. 
 It advances, and with menacing aspect slides into the 
 heart of the city. O country, O Ilium, the habitation of 
 gods, and ye walls of Troy by war renowned! Four 
 
B. 11 242-272. ^NKID. , 43 
 
 times it stopped in the very threshold of the gate, and 
 four times the arms resounded in its womb: yet we, 
 heedless, and blind with frantic zeal, urge on, and plant 
 the baneful monster in the sacred citadel. Then, too, 
 Cassandra, by the inspiration of the god, opens her lips 
 to our approaching doom, never believed by the Trojans. 
 Unhappy we, to whom that day was to be the last, adorn 
 the temples of the gods throughout the city with festive 
 boughs. Meanwhile, the heavens change, and night ad- 
 vances rapidly from the ocean, wrapping in her ex- 
 tended shade both earth and heaven, and the wiles of 
 the Myrmidons. The Trojans, dispersed about the walls, 
 were hushed : deep Sleep fast binds them weary in his em- 
 braces. And now the Grecian host, in their equipped 
 vessels, set out for Tenedos, making towards the well- 
 known shore, by the friendly silence of the quiet moon- 
 shme, as soon as the royal [galley] stern had exhibited 
 the signal fire ; and Sinon, preserved by the will of the 
 adverse gods, in a stolen hour unlocks the wooden prison 
 to the Greeks shut up in its womb : the horse, from his 
 expanded caverns, pours them forth to the open air; 
 and with joy issue from the hollow wood Thessandrus 
 and Sthenelus the chiefs, and dire Ulysses, sliding down 
 by a suspended rope, with Athamas and Thoas, Neop- 
 tolemus, the grandson of Peleus, and Machaon who led 
 the way, with Menelaus, and Bpeus the very contriver of 
 the trick. They assault the city buried in sleep and 
 wine. The sentinels are beaten down ; and with opened 
 gates they receive all their friends, and join the con- 
 scious bands. It was the time when the first sleep in- 
 vades languid mortals, and steals upon them, by the gift 
 of the gods, most sweet. In my sleep, lo ! Hector, ex- 
 tremely sad, seemed to stand before my eyes, and to 
 shed floods of tears ; dragged, as formerly by a chariot, 
 
44 • ^NEiD. B-n-iTa-aM 
 
 and black with gory dust, and Ws swollen feet bored 
 through with thongs. Ah me ! in what piteous plight 
 he was ! how changed from that Hector who returned 
 clad in the armour of Achilles, or darting Phrygian 
 flames against the ships of Greece ! wearing a gnsly 
 beard, hair clotted with blood, and those many wounds 
 which he had received under his native walls. I, me-/ 
 thought, in tears addressed the hero first, and poured 
 forth these mournful accents : O light of Troy, O Tr<> 
 jans' firmest hope ! what tedious causes have detained 
 thee so long? Whence comest thou, my long-look ed-for 
 Hector? With what joy we behold thee after the many 
 deaths of thy friends, after the various disasters of men 
 and city ' What unworthy cause has deformed the se- 
 renity of thy looks? or why do I behold these wounds? 
 He [said] not a word ; nor regards me, questionmg of 
 what nought availed; but heavily, from, the bottom of 
 his heart, drawing a groan ! Ah ! fly, thou goddess-bom, 
 he says, and snatch thyself from these flames ; the en- 
 emy is in possession of the walls ; Troy falls from its 
 towering tops. To Priam, to my country, all duty has 
 been done. Could those walls have been saved by the 
 hand, by this same hand had they been saved. Troy 
 commends to thee her sacred things, her gods: these 
 take companions of thy fate ; for these go in quest of a 
 city which, in process of time, you shall erect, larger of 
 size, after a wandering voyage. He said, and with his 
 own hands brings forth, from the inner temple, the fillets, 
 ■he powerful Vesta, and the fire which always burned. 
 
 Meanwhile the city is filled with mingled scenes of 
 woe; and though my father Anchises' house stood re- 
 tired and enclosed with trees, louder and louder the 
 sounds rise on the ear, and the horrid din of arms assails 
 I start from sleep and, by hasty steps, gain the highest 
 
B. n. 303-332. 
 
 45 
 
 battlement of the palace, and stand with erect ears : as 
 when a flame is driven by the furious south winds on 
 standing corn ; or as a torrent impetuously bursting in 
 a mountain-flood desolates the fields, desolates the rich 
 crops of corn and the labours of the ox, and drags wood 
 headlong down : the unwary shepherd, struck with the 
 sound from the top of a high rock, stands amazed. Then^ 
 indeed, the truth is confirmed and the treachery of the 
 Greeks disclosed. Now Deiphobus' spacious house tum- 
 bles down, overpowered by the conflagration ; now, next 
 to him, Ucalegon blazes : the straits of Sigaeum shine far 
 and wide with the flames. The shout of men and clan- 
 gour of trumpets arise. My arms I snatch in mad haste : 
 nor is there in arms enough of reason : but all my soul 
 burns to collect a troop for the war and rush into the 
 citadel with my fellows : fury and rage hurry on my 
 mind, and it occurs to me how glorious it is to die in 
 arms. Lo ! then Pantheus, escaped from the sword of 
 the Greeks, Pantheus, the son of Othrys, priest of the 
 citadel and of Apollo, is hurrying away with him the holy 
 utensils, the conquered gods and his little grandchild, 
 and makes for the shore in distraction. How is it, Pan- 
 theus, with the main affair ? what fortress do we seize ? I 
 had scarcely spoken, when, with a groan, he thus replies : 
 Our last day is come, and the inevitable doom of Troy : 
 we are Trojans no more : adieu to Ilium and the high 
 renown of Teucer's race : fierce Jupiter hath transferred 
 all to Argos : the Greeks bear rule in the burning cityo 
 The towering horse, planted in the midst of our streets, 
 pours forth armed troops ; and Sinon victorious, with in- 
 solent triumph scatters the flames. Others are pressing 
 at our wide-opened gates, as many thousands as ever 
 came from populous Micenae : others with arms have 
 blocked up the lanes to oppose our passage ; the edged 
 
^ ^KEID. B. n 333-36i 
 
 sword, with glittering point, stands unsheathed, ready foi 
 dealing death : hardly the foremost wardens of the gatea 
 make an effort to fight and resist in the blind encounter. 
 By these words of Pantheus, and by the impulse of the 
 gods, I hurry away into flames and arms, whithei 
 erim Fury, whither the din and shrieks that rend the 
 skies, urge me on. Ripheus and Iphitus, mighty m 
 arms, join me; Hypanis and Dymas commg up with us 
 bv the light of the moon, and closely adhere to my side , 
 and also young Corcebus, Mygdon's son, who at that time 
 had chanced to come to Troy, inflamed with a mad pas- 
 sion for Cassandra, and [in prospect his] son-in-law, 
 brought assistance to Priam and the Trojans Ill-fated 
 youth, who heeded not the admonitions of his raving 
 spouse 1 Whom, close united, soon as I saw resolute to en- 
 gage, to animate them the more I thus begm : "Youths 
 fouls magnanimous in vain! if it is your determined 
 purpose to follow me in this last attempt, you see what is 
 aie situation of our affairs. All the gods, by whom tti^ 
 empire stood, have deserted their shrmes and alters 
 abandoned [to the enemy]: you come to the relief of 
 the city in flames : let us meet death, and rush into the 
 thickest of our armed foes. The only sa/e^y for ^e v^- 
 quished is to throw away aU hopes of safety." Thus the 
 courage of each youth is kindled into fu^. Then, like 
 ravenous wolves in a gloomy fog, whom the fell rage of 
 hunger hath driven forth, blind to danger, and whose 
 whelps left behind long for their return with thirsting 
 iaws- through arms, through enemies, we march up to 
 riluTnt d!ath, and advance through the -i^dle of the 
 city : sable Night hovers around us with her hollow 
 shade Who can describe in words the havoc, who the 
 deaths of that night? or who can furnish tears equal to 
 the disasters? Our ancient city, having borne sway for 
 
B. n. 364-393. 
 
 47 
 
 many years, falls to the ground : great numbers of slug- 
 gish carcasses are strewn up and down, both in the 
 streets, in the houses, and the sacred thresholds of the 
 gods. Nor do the Trojans alone pay the penalty with 
 their blood : the vanquished too at times resume courage 
 in their hearts, and the victorious Grecians fall : every 
 where is cruel sorrow, every where terror and death in 
 thousand shapes. Androgeos first comes up with us, 
 accompanied by a numerous band of Greeks, unadvisedly 
 imagining that we were confederate troops ; and he in- 
 troduces himself to us with this friendly address : Haste, 
 men ; what so tardy sloth detains you ? Others tear and 
 plunder the blazing towers of Xroy : are you but just 
 come from your lofty ships ? He said, and instantly per- 
 ceived (for we returned him no very trusty answer) that 
 he had stumbled into the midst of foes. He was con- 
 founded, and with his words recalled his step. As one 
 who, in his walk, hath trodden upon a snake unseen in 
 the rough thorns, and in fearful haste hath started back 
 from him, while he is collecting all his rage, and swell- 
 ing his azure crest ; just so Androgeos, terrified at the 
 sight [of us], began to withdraw. f We rush in, and pour, 
 around with arms close joined, and knock them down 
 here and there, strangers as they were to the place, and 
 possessed with fear : fortune smiles upon our first enter- 
 prise. Upon this Coroebus, exulting with success and 
 courage, cried out, My fellows, where fortune thus early 
 points out our way to safety, and where she shows herself 
 propitious, let us follow. Let us exchange shields, and 
 fit to ourselves the badges of the Greeks : whether strat- 
 agem or valour, who questions in an enemy? they them- 
 selves will supply us with arms. This said, he puts on 
 the crested helmet of Androgeos, and the rich ornament 
 of his shield, and buckles to his side a Grecian sword. 
 3 
 
48 
 
 B. II. 394r424. 
 
 The same does Ripheus, the same does Dymas too, and 
 All the youth well pleased : each arms himself with the 
 recent spoils. We march on, mingling with the Greeks, 
 but not with heaven on our side ; and in many a skir- 
 mish we engage during the dark night ; many of the 
 [ I Greeks we send down to Hades. " Some fly to the ships, 
 and hasten to the trusty shore ; some through dishon- 
 est fear, scale once more the bulky horse, and lurk 
 within the well-known womb. Alas ! on nothing ought 
 man to presume, while the gods are against him 1 Lo ! 
 Cassandra, Priam's virgin daughter, with her hair dis- 
 hevelled, was dragged along from the temple and shrine 
 of Minerva, raising to heaven her glaring eyes in vain ; 
 her eyes — for cords bound her tender hands. Coroebus, 
 in the madness of his soul, could not bear this spectacle, 
 and resolved to perish, threw himself into the midst of 
 the band. We all follow, and rush upon them in close 
 array. Upon this we are first overpowered with the darts 
 of our friends from the high summit of the temple, and a 
 most piteous slaughter ensues, through the appearance 
 of our arms, and the disguise of our Grecian crests. Next 
 the Greeks, through anguish and rage for the rescue of 
 the virgin, fall upon us in troops from every quarter ; 
 Ajax, most fierce, both the sons of Atreus, and the whole 
 band of the Dolopes : as, at times, in a burst hurricane, 
 opposite winds encounter, the west and south, and Bums, 
 proud of his eastern steeds ; the woods creak, foaming 
 Nereus rages with his trident, and rouses the seas from 
 the lowest bottom. They, too, whom, through the shades, 
 in the dusky night, we by stratagem had routed, and 
 driven all over the city, make their appearance ; they are 
 die first who discover our shields and counterfeit arms, 
 .ftnd mark our voices in sound discordant with their own. 
 In a moment we are overpowered by numbers ; and first 
 
B. II. 425 ^. ^NEID. * 49 
 
 Corcebus sinks in death by the hand of Peneleas, at the 
 altar of the warrior-goddess : Ripheus too falls, the most 
 just among the Trojans, and of the strictest integrity 
 but to the gods it seemed otherwise. Hypanis and Dymas 
 die by the cruel darts of their own friends, nor did thy 
 signal piety, nor the fillets of Apollo, save thee, Pantheus 
 in thy dying hour. Ye ashes of Troy, ye expiring flames 
 of my country ! witness, that in your fall I shunned neither 
 darts nor any deadly chances of the Greeks ; and, had it 
 been fated that I should fall, I deserved it by my hand 
 Thence we are forced away, Iphitus, Pelias, and myself 
 (of whom Iphitus was now unwieldy through age, and 
 Pelias disabled by a wound from Ulysses,) forthwith to 
 Priam's palace called by the outcries. Here, indeed, [we 
 beheld] a dreadful fight, as though this had been the only 
 seat of the war, as though none had been dying in all the 
 city besides ; with such ungoverned fury we see Mars 
 raging and the Greeks rushing forward to the palace, and 
 the gates besieged by an advancing testudo. Scaling lad- 
 ders are fixed against the walls, and by their steps they 
 mount to the very door-posts, and protecting themselves , U ' 
 by their left arms, oppose their bucklers to the dartsO-^ 
 [while] with their right hands they grasp the battlement J" 
 On the other hand, the Trojans tear down the turrets and 
 roofs of their houses ; with these weapons, since they see 
 the extremity, they seek to defend themselves now in 
 their last death-struggle, and tumble down the gilded raft- 
 ers, those stately ornaments of their ancestors : others 
 with drawn swords beset the gates below; these they 
 guard in a firm, compact body. Our ardour is restored ' 
 to relieve the royal palace, support our friends with aid 
 and impart fresh strength to the vanquished. There wa^ 
 a passage, a secret entry, a free communication between 
 the palaces of Priam, a neglected postern-gate, by which 
 
50 j^NKlB. B. II. 455-485 
 
 unfortunate Andromache, while the kingdom stood, was 
 often wont to resort to her parents-in-law without retinue, 
 and to lead the boy Astyanax to his grand-sire. I mount 
 up to the roof of the highest battlement, whence the dis- 
 tressed Trojans were hurling unavailing darts. With our 
 swords assailing all around a turret, situated on a precipice, 
 and shooting up its towering top to the stars, (whence we 
 were wont to survey all Troy, the fleet of Greece, and all 
 the Grecian camp,) where the topmost story made the 
 joints more apt to give way, we tear it from its deep ' 
 foundation, and push it on [our foes]. Suddenly tum- 
 bling down, it brings thundering desolation with it, and 
 falls with wide havoc on the Grecian troops. But others 
 succeed : meanwhile, neither stones, nor any sort of mis- 
 sile weapons, cease to fly. Just before the vestibule, and 
 at the outer gate, Pyrrhus exults, glittering in arms and 
 gleamy brass ; as when a snake [comes forth] to light, 
 having fed on noxious herbs, whom, bloated [with poison] , 
 the frozen winter hid under the earth, now renewed, and 
 sleek with youth, after casting his skin, with breast erect 
 he rolls up his slippery back, reared to the sun, and 
 brandishes a three-forked tongue in his mouth. At the 
 same time bulky Periphas and Automedon, charioteer to 
 Achilles, [now Pyrrhus'] armour-bearer ; at the same all 
 the youth from Scyros advance to the wall, and toss 
 brands to the roof. Pyrrhus himself in the front, snatch- 
 ing up a battle-axe, beats through the stubborn gates, and 
 labours to tear the brazen posts from the hinges ; and 
 now, having hewn away the bars, he dug through the firm 
 boards, and made a large, wide-mouthed breach. The 
 palace within is exposed to view, and the long galleries 
 are discovered : the sacred recesses of Priam and the 
 ancient kings are exposed to view ; and they see armed 
 men standing at the gate. 
 
u n 486-512. 
 
 61 
 
 As for the inner palace, it is filled with mingled groans 
 and doleful uproar, and the hollow rooms all throughout 
 howl with female yells: their shrieks strike the golden 
 stars. Then the trembling matrons roam through the 
 spacious halls, and in embraces hug the door-posts, and 
 2ling to them with their lips. Pyrrhus presses on with all 
 his father's violence : nor bolts, nor guards themselves, are 
 able to sustain. The gate, by repeated battering blows, 
 gives way, and the doorrposts, torn from their hinges, 
 tumble to the ground.^The Greeks make their way hyi 
 force, burst a passage, and, being admitted, butcher the 
 first they meet, and fill the places all about with their 
 troops. Not with such fury a river pours on the fields its 
 heavy torrent, and sweeps away herds with their stalls 
 over all the plains, when foaming it has burst away from 
 its broken banks, and borne down opposing mounds with 
 its whirling current. I myself have beheld Neoptolemus 
 raving with bloody rage, and the two sons of Atreus at the 
 gate : I have beheld Hecuba, and her hundred daughters- 
 in-law, and Priam at the altar, defiling with his blood the 
 fires which himself had consecrated. Those fifty bed- 
 chambers, so great hopes of descendants, those doorSj that 
 proudly shone with barbaric gold and spoils, were levelled 
 with the ground: where the flames relent, the Greeks 
 take place. 
 
 Perhaps, too, you are curious to hear what was Priam's 
 fate. As soon as he beheld the catastrophe of the taken 
 city, and his palace gates broken down, and the enemy 
 planted in the middle of his private apartments, the aged 
 monarch, with unavailing aim, buckles on his shoulders 
 (trembling with years) arms long disused, girds himself 
 with his useless sword, and rushes into the thickest of the 
 foes, resolute on death. In the centre of the palace, and 
 under the bare canopy of heaven, stood a large altar, and 
 
52 
 
 B II. 513-543. 
 
 an aged laurel near it, overhanging the altar, and encir- 
 cling the household gods with its shade. Here Hecuba 
 and her daughters (like pigeons flying precipitantly from 
 a blackening tempest) crowded together, and embracing 
 the shrines of the gods, vainly sat round the altars. But 
 as soon as she saw Priam clad in youthful arms, unhappy 
 spouse, she cries, What dire purpose has prompted thee 
 to brace on these arms? or whither art thou hurrying? 
 The present conjuncture hath no need of such aid, nor 
 such defence : though even my Hector himself were here 
 [it would not avail]. Hither repair, now that all hope is 
 lost ; this altar will protect us all, or here you [and we] 
 shall die together. Having thu^ said, she took the old 
 man to her embraces, and placed him on the sacred seat. 
 But lo ! Polites, one of Priam's sons, who had escaped 
 from the sword of Pyrrhus, through darts, through foes, 
 flies along the long galleries, and wounded traverses the 
 waste halls. Pyrrhus, all on fire, pursues him with the 
 hostile weapon, is just grasping him with his hand, and 
 presses on him with the spear. Soon as he at length got 
 into the sight and presence of his parents, he dropped 
 down, and poured cut his life with a stream of blood. 
 Upon this, Priam, though now held in the very midst of 
 death, yet did not forbear, nor spared his tongue and pas- 
 sion : But may the gods, he cries, if there be any justice in 
 heaven to regard such events, give ample retribution and 
 due reward for this wickedness, for these thy audacious 
 crimes, to thee who hast made me to witness the death of 
 my own son, and defiled a father' eyes with the sight of 
 \^blood.:X yet he from whom you falsely claim your birth, 
 even Achilles, was not thus barbarous to Priam, though 
 his enemy, but paid some reverence to the laws of nations, 
 and a suppliant's right, restored my Hector's lifeless 
 corpse to be buried, and sent me back into my kingdom- 
 
Jtn. 544-574. 
 
 53 
 
 Thus spoke the old man, and, without any force, threw a 
 feeble dart : which was instantly repelled by the hoarse 
 brass, and hung on the highest boss of the buckler with- 
 out any execution. To whom Pyrrhus replies, These 
 tidings then yourself shall bear, and go with the message 
 to my father, the son of Peleus : forget not to inform him of 
 my cruel deeds, and of his degenerate son Neoptolemus : 
 now die. With these words he dragged him to the Yery 
 altar, trembling and sliding in the streaming gore of his 
 son : and with his left hand grasped his twisted hair, and 
 with his right unsheathed his glittering sword, and plunged 
 it into his side up to the hilt. Such was the end of Priam's 
 fate : this was the final doom allotted to him, having be- 
 fore his eyes Troy consumed, and its towers laid in ruins ; 
 once the proud monarch over so many nations and coun- 
 tries of Asia : now his mighty trunk lies extended on the 
 shore, the head torn from the shoulders, and a nameless 
 corpse. Then, and not till then, fierce horror assailed me 
 round : I stood aghast ; the image of my dear father arose 
 to my mind, when I saw the king, of equal age, breath- 
 ing out his soul by a cruel wound ; Creiisa, forsaken, came 
 into my mind, my rifled house, and the fate of the little 
 liilus. I look about, and survey what troops were to stand 
 by me. All had left me through despair, and flung their 
 fainting bodies to the ground, or gave them to the flames. 
 And thus now I remained all alone, when I espy Helen 
 keeping watch in the temple of Vesta, and silently kirk- 
 ing in a secret corner : the bright flames give me light 
 as I am roving on, and throwing my eyes around on every 
 object. She, the common Fury of Troy and her country, 
 dreading the Trojans, her deadly foes, upon account of 
 their ruined country, and the vengeance of the Greeks, 
 with the fierce resentment of her deserted lord, had hidden 
 herselfj and was sitting near the altars, an odious sight. 
 
54 
 
 B. n. 575-60(3. 
 
 Flames were kindled in my soul : rage possessed me to 
 avenge my falling country, and take the vengeance her 
 guilt' deserved. Shall she then with impunity behold 
 Sparta and her country Mycenae, and go off a queen, after 
 she had gained her triumph? shall she see her marriage- 
 bed, her home, her fathers, her sons, accompanied with a 
 retinue of Trojan dames and Phrygian women her slaves? 
 shall Priam have fallen by the sword, shall Troy have burnt 
 with the flame, shall the Trojan shore so often be drenched 
 ^'v^ in blood? It must not be so: for though there be no 
 memorable name in punishing a woman, nor any honour 
 in such a victory, yet shall I be applauded for having ex- 
 tinguished a wicked wretch, and* for inflicting on her the 
 punishment she deserves : besides, it will be a pleasure 
 to gratify my desire of burning revenge, and to give satis- 
 faction to the ashes of my friends. Thus was I rapidly 
 reflecting, and furiously agitated in my soul, when my 
 benign mother presented herself to my view with such 
 brightness as I had never seen before, and amidst the 
 night shone forth in pure light, displaying all the 
 goddess, with such dignity, such stature, as she is wont 
 to show to the immortals : she restrained me fast held by 
 the right hand, and besides, let fall these words from her 
 rosy lips : My son, what high provocation kindles thy 
 ungoverned rage? why art thou raving? or whither art 
 thy regards to me fled? Will you not first see in what 
 situation you have left your father Anchises, encumbered 
 with age? whether your spouse Creiisa be in life, and the 
 boy Ascanius, around whom the Grecian troops from 
 every quarter reel ? and, do not my care oppose, the flames 
 will have already carried off, or the cruel sword imbibed 
 their blood. Not the features of lyacedsemonian Helen, 
 odious in your eyes, nor Paris blamed ; but the godSj the 
 unrelenting gods, overthrow this powerful realm, and 
 
B. n. 603-634. 
 
 55 
 
 level the towering tops of Troy with the ground. Turn 
 your eyes ; for I will dissipate every cloud which now, 
 intercepting the view, bedims your mortal sight, and 
 spreads a humid veil of mist around you : fear not you the 
 commands of a parent, nor refuse to obey her orders. 
 Here, where you see scattered ruins, and stones torn 
 from stones, and smoke and waves ascending with 
 mingled dust, Neptune shakes the walls and foundations 
 loosened by his mighty trident, and overturns the whole 
 city from its basis. Here Juno, extremely fierce, is 
 posted in the front to guard the Scaean gate, and girt with 
 the sword with furious summons calls from the ships her 
 social band. Tritonian Pallas (see !) hath now planted her- 
 self on a lofty turret, refulgent in a cloud, and with her 
 Gorgon terrible. The Sire himself supplies the Greeks 
 with courage and strength for victory : himself stirs up 
 the gods against the arms of Troy. Speed thy flight, my 
 son, and put a period to thy toils. In every danger I will 
 stand by you, and safe set you down in your father's 
 palace. She said, and hid herself in the thick shades of 
 night. Direful forms appear, and the mighty powers 
 of the gods, adverse to Troy. Then, indeed, all Ilium 
 seemed to me at once to sink in the flames, and Troy, 
 built by Neptune, to be overturned from its lowest found- ' 
 ation : even as when with emulous keenness the swains 
 labour to fell an ash that long hath stood on a high moun- 
 tain, hewing it about with iron and many an axe, ever and 
 anon it threatens, and waving its locks, nods with its 
 shaken top, till gradually by wounds subdued, it hath 
 groaned its last, and torn from the ridge of the mountain, 
 draws along with it ruin. Down I come, and under the 
 conduct of the god, clear my way amidst flames and foes : 
 the darts give place, and the flames retire. And now, 
 When arrived at the gates of my paternal seat and ancient 
 3* 
 
56 
 
 B. II. 635-663. 
 
 house, my father, whom I was desirous first to remove to 
 the high mountains, and whom I first sought, obstinately 
 refuses to prolong his life after the ruin of Troy, and to 
 suffer exile. You, says he, who are full of youthful blood, 
 and whose powers remain firm in all their strength, do 
 you attempt your flight. As for me, had the powers of 
 heaven designed I should prolong my life, they had pre- 
 served to me this house : enough it is, and more than 
 enough, that I have seen one catastrophe, and outlived 
 the taking of this city. Thus, oh leave me thus with the 
 last farewell to my body laid in its dying posture. With 
 this hand will I find death myself. The enemy will pity 
 me, and lust for my spoils. Triyial is the loss of sepul- 
 ture. I have long since been lingering out a length of 
 years, hated by ihh gods, and useless from the time when 
 the father of gods, and sovereign of men, blasted me with 
 the winds of his thunder, and struck me with lightning. 
 
 Such purpose declaring, he persisted, and remained 
 unalterable. On the other hand, I, my wife Creiisa, As- 
 canius, and the whole family, bursting forth into tears, 
 [besought] my father not to involve all with himself, nor 
 hasten our impending fate. He still refuses, and perse- 
 veres in his purpose, and in the same settled position. 
 Once more I fly to my arms, and, in extremity of distress, 
 long for death : for what expedient had I left, or what 
 chance of hope? Could you hope, sire, that I could stir 
 one foot while you were left behind ? could such impiety 
 drop from a parent's lips? If it is the will of the gods 
 that nothing of this great city be preserved ; if this be 
 your settled purpose, and you will even involve yourself 
 and yours in the wreck of Troy ; the way lies open to 
 that death of which you are so fond. Forthwith Pyrrhus, 
 [reeking] from the efl'usion of Priam's blood, will be 
 here, who kills the son before the father's eves, and then 
 
B. n. 664-693. 
 
 57 
 
 the father at the altar. Was it for this, my benign mother, 
 you saved me through darts, through flames, to see the 
 enemy in the midst of these recesses, and to see Asca- 
 nius, my father, andCreiisa by his side, butchered in one 
 another's blood? Arms, my men, bring arms ; this day, 
 which IS our kst, calls upon us, vanquished as we arco 
 Give me back to the Greeks : let me visit once more the 
 fight renewed : never shall we all die unavenged this day. 
 
 Thus I again gird on my sword : and I thrust my left 
 hand into my buckler, bracing it fitly on, and rushed out 
 of the palace. But lo ! my wife clung to me in the 
 threshold, grasping my feet, and held out to his father 
 t^^ little liilus : If, [says she,] you go with a resulution 
 to perish, snatch us with you to share all : but if, from ex- 
 perience, you repose confidence in those arms you have 
 assumed, let this house have your first protection : To 
 whom are you abandoning the tender liilus, your sire, 
 and me once called your wife? Thus loudly expostulat- 
 ing, she filled the whole palace with, her groans, wheri 
 a sudden and wondrous prodigy arises^^for amid the erh- 
 braces and parting words of his mourning parents, lo ! 
 the fluttering tuft from the top of liilus' head is seen to 
 emit light, and with gentle touch the lambent flame 
 glides harmless along his hair, and feeds around his tem- 
 ples. We, quaking, trembled for fear, brush the blazing 
 locks, and quench the holy fire with fountain-water. But 
 father Anchises joyful raised his eyes to the stars, and 
 stretched his hands to heaven with his voice ; Almighty 
 Jove, if thou art moved with any supplications, vouchsafe 
 to regard us ; we ask no more : and O sire, if by our piety 
 we deserve it, grant us then thy aid, and ratify these 
 omens. Scarcely had my aged sire thus said, when, with 
 a sudden peal, it thundered on the left, and a star, that 
 fell from the skies, drawing a fiery train, shot through the 
 
58 
 
 B. II 694r-724. 
 
 snade with a profusion of light. We could see it, gliding 
 over the high tops of the palace, lose itself in the woods 
 of Mount Ida, full in our view, and marking out the way : 
 then all along its course an indented path shines, and all 
 the place, a great way round, smokes with sulphureous ^ 
 steams. And now my father, overcome, raises himself 
 to heaven, addresses the gods, and pays adoration to the 
 holy star : Now, now is no delay : I am all submission, 
 and where you lead the way I am with you. Ye gods of 
 my fathers, save our family, save my grandson. From 
 you this omen came, and Troy is at your disposal. Now, 
 son, I resign myself indeed, nor refuse to accompany you 
 in your expedition. He said, and now throughout the 
 city the flames are more distinctly heard, and the con- 
 flagration rolls the torrents of fire nearer. Come then, 
 dearest father, place yourself on my neck ; with these 
 shoulders will I support you, nor shall that burden op- 
 press me. However things fall out, we both shall share 
 either one common danger or one preservation : let the 
 boy liilus be my companion, and my wife may trace my 
 steps at some distance. Ye servants, heedfully attend to 
 what I say. In your way from the city is a rising ground, 
 and an ancient temple of deserted Ceres ; and near it an 
 aged cypress, preserved for many year by the religious 
 veneration of our forefathers. To this one seat by sev- 
 eral ways we will repair. Do you, father, take in thy 
 hand the sacred symbols, and the gods of our country. 
 For me, just come from war, from so fierce and recent 
 bloodshed, to touch them would be profanation, till I 
 have purified myself in the living stream. This said, I 
 spread a garment and a tawny lion's hide over my broad 
 shoulders and submissive neck ; and stoop to the bur- 
 then : little liilus is linked in my right hand, and trips 
 after his father with unequal steps : my spouse comes up 
 
B. n. 725-755. 
 
 59 
 
 behind. We haste away through the gloomy paths : and 
 I, whom lately no showers of darts could move, nor 
 Greeks enclosing me in a hostile band, am now terrified 
 with every breath of wind ; every sound alarms me anx- 
 ious, and equally in dread for my companion and my 
 .burthen. By this time I approached the gates, and 
 thought I had overpassed all the way, when suddenly a 
 thick sound of feet seems to invade my ears just at hand ; 
 and my father, stretching his eyes through the gloom, 
 calls aloud, Fly, fly, my son, they are upon you : I see 
 the burnished shields and glittering brass. Here, in my 
 consternation, some unfriendly deity or other confounded 
 and bereaved me of my reason ; for while in my jour- 
 ney I trace the by-paths, and forsake the known beaten 
 tracks, alas I I know not whether my wife Creiisa was 
 snatched from wretched me by cruel fate, or lost her 
 way, or through fatigue stopped short ; nor did these 
 eyes ever see her more. Nor did I observe that she was 
 lost, or reflect with myself, till we were come to the ris- 
 ing ground, and the sacred seat of ancient Ceres : here, 
 at length, when all were convened, she alone was wanting, 
 and gave disappointment to all our retinue, especially to 
 her son and husband. Whom did I frantic not accuse, of 
 gods or men ? or of what more cruel scene was I a spectator 
 in all the desolation of the city ? To my friends I com- 
 mend Ascanius, my father Anchises, with the gods of Troy, 
 and lodge them secretly in a winding valley. I myself re- 
 pair back to the city, and brace on my shining armour. I 
 am resolved to renew every adventure, revisit all the quar- 
 ters of Troy, and expose my life once more to all dangers. 
 First of all, I return to the walls, and the dark entry of 
 the gate by which I had set out, and backward unravel 
 my steps with care amidst the darkness, and run them 
 over with my eye. Horror on all sides, and at the same 
 
60 
 
 B. n. 755-784 
 
 time the very silence affrights my soul. Thence home- 
 ward I bent my way, lest by chance, by any chance, she 
 had moved thither : the Greeks had now rushed in, and 
 were masters of the whole house. In a moment the devour- 
 ing conflagration is rolled up in sheets by the wind to the 
 lofty roof; the flames mount above ; the fiery whirlwind 
 rages to the skies. I advance, and revisit Priam's royal 
 seat, and the citadel. And now in the desolate cloisters, 
 Juno's sanctuary, Phoenix and the execrable Ulysses, a 
 chosen guard, were watching the booty: thither, from all 
 quarters, the precious Trojan moveables, saved from the 
 conflagration of the temples, the tables of the gods, the 
 massy golden goblets, and plundered vestments, are 
 amassed : boys and timorous matrons, stand all around in 
 a long train. Now adventuring even to dart my voice 
 through the shades, I filled the streets with outcry, and 
 in anguish, with vain repetition, again and again, called 
 on Creiisa. While I was in this search, and with inces- 
 sant fury ranging through all quarters of the town, the 
 mournful ghost and shade of my Creiisa's self appeared 
 before my eyes, her figure larger than I had known it. I 
 stood aghast ! my hair rose on end, and my voice clung 
 to my jaws. Then this she bespeaks me, and relieves my 
 cares with these words : My darling spouse, what pleasure 
 have you thus to indulge a grief which is but madness? 
 These events do not occur without the will of the gods. 
 It is not allowed you to carry Creiisa hence to accompany 
 ^ou, nor is it permitted by the great ruler of heaven su- 
 preme. In long banishment you must roam, and plough 
 the vast expanse of the ocean : to the land of Hesperia 
 you shall come, where the Lydian Tiber, with his gentle 
 current, glides through a rich land of heroes. There, 
 prosperous state, a crown, and royal spouse, await you; 
 dry up your tears for your beloved Creiisa. I, of Dar- 
 
B. II. 787-804. B. III. 1-3. 
 
 61 
 
 danus' noble line, and the daughter-in-law of divine Venus, 
 shall not see the proud seats of the Myrmidons and 
 Dolopes, nor go to serve the Grecian dames; but the 
 great mother of the gods detains me upon these coasts. 
 And now farewell, and preserve your affection to our 
 common son. 
 
 With these words she left me in tears, ready to say many 
 things, and vanished into thin air. There thrice I attempted 
 to throw my arms around her neck ; thrice the phantom, 
 grasped in vain, escaped my hold, swift as the winged 
 winds, and resembling most a fleeting dream. Thus having 
 spent the night, I at length revisited my associates. And 
 here, to my surprise, I found a great confluence of new com- 
 panions : matrons, and men, and youths, drawn together 
 to share our exile, a piteous throng 1 From all sides they 
 convened, resolute [to follow me] with their souls and 
 fortunes, into whatever country I was inclined to conduct 
 them over the sea. By this time, the bright morning 
 star was rising on the craggy tops of lofty Ida, and ushered 
 in the day : the Greeks held the entrance of the gates 
 blocked up ; nor had we any prospect of relief. I gave 
 way, and bearing up my father, made towards the moun- 
 tain. 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 In the Third Book, ^neas continues his narration, by a minute account of 
 his voyage, the places he visited, and the perils he encountered, from the 
 time of leaving the shores of Troas, until he landed at Drepanum, in 
 Sicily, where he buried his father.— This Book, which comprehends a 
 period of about seven years, ends with the dreadful storm, with the descrip. 
 tion of which the First Book opened. 
 
 AifTKR it had seemed fit to the gods to overthrow the 
 power of Asia, and Priam's race, undeserving [of such a 
 fate], and stately Ilium fell, and while the whole of Troy, 
 
62 
 
 B. m. 3-30. 
 
 built by Neptune, smokes on the ground ; we are deter- 
 mined, by revelations from the gods, to go in quest of 
 distant retreats in exile, and unpeopled lands ; we fit out 
 a fleet just under the walls of Antandros and the mountains 
 of Phrygian Ida ; and draw our forces together, uncertain 
 whither the Fates point our way, where it shall be given 
 us to settle. Scarcely had the first summer begun, when 
 my father Anchises gave command to hoist the sails, in 
 accordance with the Fates. Then with tears 1 1 eave the 
 shores and ports of my country, and the plains where Troy 
 once stood: an exile I launch forth into the deep, with 
 my associates, my son, my household gods, and the great 
 gods [of my country] . 
 
 At a distance lies a martial land, peopled throughout 
 its wide-extended plains, (the Thracians cultivate, the 
 soil,) over which in former times fierce lyycurgus reigned : 
 an ancient hospitable retreat for Troy, and whose gods 
 were leagued with ours, while fortune was with us. Hither 
 I am carried, and erect my first walls along the winding 
 shore, entering with Fates unkind ; and from my owp^ \ 
 name I call the citizens ^neades. I was performing 
 sacred rites to my mother Venus, and the gods, the patrons 
 of my works begun ; and to the exalted king of the im- 
 mortals I was sacrificing a sleek bull on the shore. Near 
 at hand there chanced to be a rising ground, on whose top 
 were young cornel-trees, and a myrtle rough with thick 
 spear-like branches. I came up to it, and attempting to 
 tear from the earth the verdant wood, that I might covet 
 the altars with the leafy boughs, I observed a dreadful 
 prodigy, and wondrous to relate. For from that tree 
 which first is torn from the soil, its rooted fibres being 
 burst assunder, drops of black blood distil, and stain the 
 ground with gore : cold terror shakes my limbs, and my 
 chill blood is congealed with fear. I again essay to teat 
 
off a limber bough from another, and thoroughly explore 
 the latent cause : and from the rind of that other also the 
 purple blood descends. Raising in my mind many an anx- 
 ious thought, I with reverence besought the rural nymphs, 
 and father Mars, who presides over the Thracian territories, 
 kindly to prosper the vision and avert evil from the omeuc 
 But when I attempted the boughs a third time with a more 
 vigorous effort, and on my knees struggled against the 
 opposing mould, (shall I speak or shall I forbear?) a 
 piteous groan is heard from the bottom of the rising 
 ground, and a voice sent forth reaches my ears : ^neas, 
 why dost thou tear an unhappy wretch? Spare me, now 
 that I am in my grave ; forbear to pollute with guilt thy 
 pious hands : Troy brought me forth no stranger to you ; 
 nor is it from the trunk this blood distils. Ah, fly this 
 barbarous land, fly the avaricious shore ! For Polydore 
 am I : here an iron crop of darts hath overwhelmed me, 
 transfixed, and over me shot up in pointed javelins. Then, 
 indeed, depressed at heart with perplexing fear, I was 
 stunned ; my hair stood on end, and my voice clung to my 
 jaws. This Polydore unhappy Priam had formerly sent in 
 secrecy with a great weight of gold to be brought up by 
 the king of Thrace, when he now began to distrust the 
 arms of Troy, and saw the city with close seige blocked 
 up. He, as soon as the power of the Trojans were crushed, 
 and their fortune gone, espousing Agamemnon's interest 
 and victorious arms, breaks every sacred bond, assassi- 
 nates Polydore, and by violence possesses his gold. Cursed 
 ihirst of gold, to what dost thou not drive the hearts of 
 men 1 After fear left my bones, I report the portents of 
 the gods to our chosen leaders, an^ chiefly to my father, ^^jj 
 and demand what their opinion iSv)kill are unanimous ±o ^ 
 quit that accursed land, abandon the polluted society, and 
 spread the sails to the winds. Therefore we renew funeral 
 
^NEID. B.m. 62-89. 
 
 ceremonies to Polydore, and a large mound of earth is 
 heaped up for the tomb : an altar is reared to his manes, 
 mournfully decked with leaden-colored wreaths and 
 gloomy cypress ; and round it the Trojan matrons stand 
 ,with hair dishevelled according to custom. We offer the 
 sacrifices of the dead, bowls foaming with warm milk, 
 and goblets of the sacred blood : we give the soul repose 
 in the grave, and with loud voice address to him the last 
 farewell. 
 
 This done, when first we durst confide in the main, 
 when the winds present peaceful seas, and the south wind 
 in soft whispering gales invites us to the deep, my mates 
 launch the ships and crowd the shore. We are wafted 
 from the port, and the land and cities retreat. 
 ^ Amidst the sea there lies a charming spot of land, 
 sacred to [Doris], (the mother of the Nereids,) and 
 ^gean Neptune; which once wandering about the 
 coasts and shores, the pious god who wields the bow fast 
 bound with high Gyaros and Mycone, and fixed it so as 
 to be habitable, and mock the winds. Hither I am led : 
 this most peaceful island receives us to a safe port after 
 our fatigue. At landing we pay veneration to the city of 
 Apollo. King Anius, both king of men and priest of 
 Phoebus, his temples bound with fillets and sacred laurel, 
 comes up, and presently recognises his old friend An- 
 chises. We join right hands in amity, and come under 
 his roof. I venerated the temple of the god, a structure 
 of ancient stone, [and thus began] : Thymbraean Apollo, 
 ^ grant us, after all our toils, some fixed mansion ; grant 
 us walls of defence, offspring, and a permanent city : 
 preserve those other towers of Troy, a remnant left by 
 the Greeks and merciless Achilles. Whom are w^e to 
 follow; or whither dost thou bid us go? where fix our 
 residence ? Father, grant us a prophetic sign, and glide 
 
E. in. 90-117. 
 
 65 
 
 into our minds. Scarcely had I thus said, when sud- 
 denly all seemed to tremble, both the temple itself, and 
 laurel of the god ; the whole mountain quaked around, 
 and the sanctuary being exposed to view, the tripod 
 moaned. In humble reverence we fall to the ground, 
 and a voice reaches our ears : Ye hardy sons of Dar- 
 danus, the same land which first produced you from your 
 forefather's stock, shall receive you in its fertile bosom 
 after all your dangers ; search out your ancient mother. 
 There the family of ^neas shall rule over every coast, 
 and his children's children, and they who from them 
 shall spring. 
 
 Thus Phoebus. Kmotions of great joy, with mingled 
 tumult, arose ; and all were seeking to know what city is 
 designed ; whither Phoebus calls us wandering, and wills 
 us to return. Then my father, revolving the historical 
 records of ancient heroes, says. Ye leaders, give ear, and 
 learn what you have to hope for. In the middle of the 
 sea lies Crete, the island of mighty Jupiter, where is 
 Mount Ida, and the nursery of our race. The Cretans in- 
 habit a hundred mighty cities, most fertile realms: 
 whence our mighty ancestor Teucrus, if I rightly remem- 
 ber the tradition, first arrived on the Rhoetean coasts, 
 and chose the seat of his kingdom. No Ilium then nor 
 towers of Pergamus were raised ; in the deep vales they 
 dwelt. Hence came mother Cybele, the patroness of the 
 earth, and the brazen cymbals of the Corybantes, and 
 the Idaean grove ; hence that faithful secrecy in her sa- 
 cred rites ; and harnessed lions were yoked in the chariot 
 . of their queen,^Come, then, and, where the commands of 
 the gods point out our way, let us follow ; let us appease 
 the winds, and seek the Gnossian realms. Nor lie they 
 at the distance of a long voyage : provided Jove be with 
 US, the third day will land our fleet on the Cretan coast. 
 
66 
 
 B. ni. 118-1451 
 
 This said, he offered the proper sacrifices on the altars, 
 a bull to Neptune, a bull to thee, O fair Apollo : a black 
 sheep to the Winter, and a white one to the propitious 
 zephyrs. A report flies abroad, that leader Idomeneus 
 banished, hath quitted his paternal kingdom, and that 
 the shore of Crete is deserted ; that its mansions are free 
 from the enemy, and palaces stand forsaken. We leave 
 the port of Ortygia, and scud along the sea : we cruise 
 along Naxos, (on whose mountains the Bacchanals revel,) 
 green Donysa, Olearos, snowy Paros, and the Cyclades 
 scattered up and down the main, and narrow seas thick- 
 sown with clustered islands. With various emulation 
 the seamen's shouts arise. The crew animate one an- 
 other : For Crete and our ancestors let us speed our 
 course. A wind springing up astern, accompanies us on 
 our way, and we at length skim along to the ancient seats 
 of the Curetes. Therefore, with eagerness, I raise the 
 walls of the so-much-wished-for city, and call it the city 
 of Pergamus ; and I exhort my colony, pleased with the 
 name, to love their hearths, and erect turrets on their 
 roofs. And now the ships were mostly drawn up on the 
 dry beach : the youth were engaged in their nuptials and 
 new settlements ; I was beginning to dispense laws and 
 appropriate houses ; when suddenly, from the infection 
 of the climate, a wasting and lamentable plague seized 
 our limbs, the trees, the corn ; and the year was preg- 
 nant with death. Men left their sweet lives, or dragged 
 along their sickly bodies : at the same time the dog-star 
 burned up the barren fields : the herbs were parched, and 
 the unwholesome grain denied us sustenance. My father 
 advises, that, measuring back the sea, we again apply to 
 the oracle of Ortygia, and Apollo, and implore his grace, 
 [to know] what end he will bring to our forlorn state ; 
 
B. m. 146 -174. 
 
 67 
 
 whence he will bid us attempt a redress of our calami- 
 ties, whither turn our course. 
 
 It was night, and sleep reigned over all the animal 
 world. The sacred images of the gods, and the tutelar 
 deities of Phrygia, whom I had brought with me from 
 Troy and the midst of the flames, were seen to stand be- 
 fore my eyes while slumbering, conspicuous by a glare 
 of light, where the full moon darted her beams through 
 the inserted windows. Then they thus [seemed to] ad- 
 dress me, and dispel my cares with these words : What 
 Apollo would announce to you, were you wafted to Ortygia, 
 he here reveals, and lo 1 unasked, he sends us to your 
 dwelling. We, after Troy was comsumed, followed thee 
 and thy arms ; under thy conduct we have crossed the 
 swelling sea in ships : we too will exalt thy future race to 
 heaven, and give imperial power to thy city. Do thou \ 
 prepare walls mighty for mighty inhabitants, and shrink ^^^z 
 not from the long labours of thy voyage. You must^ 
 change your place of residence : these are not the shores 
 that Delian Apollo advises for you ; nor was it in Crete he 
 commanded you to settle. There is a place, (the Greeks 
 call it Hesperia by name,) an ancient country, powerful 
 in arms and fertility of soil: the CE)notrians peopled it 
 once ; now there is a report, that their descendants have 
 called the nation Italy, from the founder's name. These 
 are our proper settlements : hence Dardanus sprang, and 
 father lasius, from which prince our race is derived. 
 Haste, arise, and with joy report to thy aged sire these 
 intimations of unquestionable credibility: search out 
 Coritus and the Ausonian lands ; Jupiter forbids thee the 
 Cretan territories. 
 
 Astonished by this vision and declaration of the gods 
 (nor was that a sound sleep, but methought I clearly dis- 
 cerned their aspect before me, their fillet-bound locks. 
 
68 
 
 B. m. 175-204. 
 
 and their forms full in my view ; then a cold sweat flowed 
 over my whole body) ; I snatch my frame from the couch 
 and lift up my hand supine to heaven with my voice, and 
 pour hallowed offerings on the fires. Having finished the 
 sacrifice, with joy I certify Anchises, and disclose the fact 
 in order. He recognized the double stock, and the dou- 
 ble founders [of the Trojan race], and that he had been 
 deceived by a modern mistake respecting ancient coun- 
 tries ; then he thus bespeaks me : My son, practised in 
 woe by the fates of Troy, Cassandra alone predicted to me 
 that such was to be our fortune. Now I recollect that she 
 foretold this should be the destiny of our race, and that 
 she often spoke of Hesperia, often of the realms of Italy. 
 But who could believe that the Trojans were to come to 
 the Hesperian shore? or whom then did the prophetic 
 Cassandra influence ? I^et us resign ourselves to Phoebus, 
 and, since we are better advised, let us follow. He said ; 
 and, exulting, we all obey his orders. This realm we 
 likewise quit, and, leaving a few behind, unfurl our sails, 
 and bound over the spacious sea in our hollow barks. 
 
 When the ships held possession of the deep and no land is 
 any longer in view, sky all around, and ocean all around ; 
 then an azure rain-cloud stood over my head, bringing on 
 night and wintry storm ; the waves grew rough in the 
 gloom ; the winds overturn the sea, and mighty surges 
 rise : we are tossed to and fro on the face of the boil- 
 ing deep : clouds enwrapped the day, and humid night 
 snatched the heavens [from our view] ; from the bursting 
 clouds flashes of lightning redouble. We are driven from 
 our course, and wander in unknown waves. Palinurus him- 
 self owns he is unable to distinguish day and night by the 
 sky, and that he has forgotten his course in the mid sea. 
 Thus for three days, that could hardly be distinguished by 
 reason of the dark clouds, as many starless nights, we 
 
B. ni. 205-236. 
 
 69 
 
 wander up and down the ocean. At length, on the fourth 
 day land was first seen to rise, to disclose the mountains 
 from afar, and roll up smoke : the sails are lowered, we 
 ply hard the oars ; instantly the seamen, with exerted 
 vigour, toss up the foam, and sweep the azure deep. 
 
 The shores of the Strophades first receive me rescued 
 from the waves. The Strophades, so called by a Greek 
 name, are islands situated in the great Ionian Sea ; which 
 direful Calaeno and the other Harpies inhabit, from what 
 time Phineus' palace was closed against them, and they 
 were frighted from his table, which they formerly haunted. 
 No monster more fell than they, no plague and scourge 
 of the gods more cruel, ever issue from the Stygian waves. 
 : They are fowls with virgin faces, most loathsome in their 
 bodily discharge, hands hooked, and looks ever pale with 
 famine. Hither conveyed, as soon as we entered the port, 
 lo ! we observe joyous herds of cattle roving up and down 
 the plains and flocks of goats along the meadows without a 
 keeper. We rush upon them with our swords, and invoke 
 the gods and Jove himself to share the booty. Then along 
 the winding shore we raise the couches, and feast on the 
 rich repast. But suddenly, with direful swoop, the Har- 
 pies are upon us from the mountains, shake their wings 
 with loud din, prey upon our banquet, and defile every 
 thing with their touch : at the same time, together with 
 a rank smell, hideous screams arise. Again we spread our 
 tables in a long recess, under a shelving rock, enclosed 
 around with trees and gloomy shade ; and once more we 
 plant fire on the altar. Again the noisy crowd, from a 
 different quarter of the sky, and obscure retreats, flutter 
 around the prey with hooked claws, taint our viands with 
 their mouths. Then I enjoin my companions to take 
 arms, and wage war with the horrid race. They do no 
 otherwise than bidden, dispose their swords secretly 
 
70 
 
 B. ni. 237-265. 
 
 among the grass, and conceal their shields out of sight. 
 Therefore, as soon as stooping down they raised their 
 screaming voices along the bending shores, Misenus with 
 his hollow trumpet of brass gives the signal from a lofty- 
 place of observation : my friends set upon them, and 
 engage in a new kind of fight, to employ the sword in 
 destroying obscene sea-fowls. But they neither suffer 
 any violence on their plumes, nor wounds in the body ; 
 and, mounting up in the air with rapid flight, leave be- 
 hind them their half-eaten prey, and the ugly prints of 
 their feet. Celaeno alone alighted on a high rock, the 
 prophetess of ill, and from her breast burst forth these 
 words : War too, ye sons of I^aom-edon, is it your purpose 
 to make war for our oxen which you have slain, for the 
 havoc you have made upon our bullocks, and to banish 
 the innocent Harpies from their hereditary kingdom? 
 Ivcnd them an ear, and in your minds fix these my words : 
 what the almighty Sire revealed to Phoebus, Phoebus 
 Apollo to me, I the chief of the furies disclose to you. 
 To Italy you steer your course, and Italy you shall reach 
 after repeated invocations to the winds, and you shall be 
 permitted to enter the port : but you shall not surround 
 the given city with walls, till dire famine and disaster, for 
 shedding our blood, compel you first to gnaw around and 
 eat up your tables with your teeth. 
 
 She said, and on her wings upborne flew into the wood 
 As for my companions, their blood, chiUed with sudden 
 fear, stagnated ; their minds sunk : and now they are no 
 longer for arms, but urge me to solicit peace by vows 
 and prayers, whether they be goddesses, or cursed and 
 inauspicious birds. My father Anchises, with hands 
 spread forth from the shore, invokes the great gods, and 
 enjoins due honours to be paid them : Ye gods, ward off 
 these threatenings ; ye gods, avert so great a calamity ; 
 
B. ni. 266-295. 
 
 71 
 
 and propitious save your pious votaries. Then he orders 
 to tear the ropes from the shore, loose and disengage the 
 cables. The south winds stretch our sails : we fly over 
 the foaming waves, where the wind and pilots urged our 
 course. Now amidst the waves appear woody Zacyn- 
 thos, Dulichium, Same, and Neritos, with its steep rocks 
 We shun the cliffs of Ithaca, Ivaertes' realms, and curse 
 the land that bred the cruel Ulysses. Soon after this the 
 cloudy tops of Mount Leucate, and [the temple of] 
 Apollo, the dread of seamen, open to our view. Hither 
 we steer our course oppressed with toil, and approach 
 the little city. The anchor is thrown out from the prow : 
 the ships are ranged on the shore. Thus at length pos- 
 sessed of wished-for land, we both perform a lustral sacri- 
 fice to Jupiter, and kindle the altars in order to perform 
 our vows, and signalize the promontory of Actium by 
 celebrating the Trojan games. Our crew, having their 
 naked limbs besmeared with slippery oil, exercise the 
 wrestling matches of their country : it delights us to 
 have escaped so many Grecian cities and pursued our 
 voyage through the midst of our enemies. 
 
 Meanwhile the sun finishes the revolution of the great 
 year, and frosty winter exasperates the waves with the 
 north winds. On the front door-posts [of the temple] I 
 set up a buckler of hollow brass, which mighty Abas 
 wore, and notify the action by this verse : These arms 
 ^neas [won] from the victorious Greeks.'' Then I or- 
 dered [our crew] to leave the port, and take their seats on 
 the benches. They with emulous ardour lash the sea, 
 and sweep the waves. In an instant we lose sight of the 
 airy towers of the Phseacians, cruise along the coast of 
 Kpirus, and enter the Chaonian port, and ascend the lofty 
 city of Buthrotus. Here a report of facts scarce credible 
 invades our ears, that Helenus, Priam's son, was reigning 
 
72 
 
 B. m. 296-322L 
 
 over Grecian cities, possessed of the spouse and sceptre 
 of P^-rrhus, the grandchild of JElacus, and that Andro- 
 mache had again fallen to a lord of her own country. I 
 was amazed, and my bosom glowed with strange desire 
 to greet the hero, and learn so signal revolutions of for- 
 ,tune. I set forward from the port, leaving the fleet and 
 shore. Andromache, as it chanced, was then offering to 
 [Hector's] ashes her anniversary feast and mournful ob- 
 lations before the city in a grove, near the stream of the 
 fictitious Simois, and invoked the manes at Hector's 
 tomb ; an empty tomb which she had consecrated of 
 green turf, and two altars, incentives to her grief. As 
 soon as she saw me coming up,, and to her amazement 
 beheld the Trojan arms around me, terrified with a prod- 
 igy so great, she stiffened at the very sight ; vital warmth 
 forsook her limbs : she sinks down, and at lengdi, after 
 a long interval, with faltering accent speaks : Goddess- 
 born, do you present yourself to me a real form, a real 
 messenger? Do you live? or, if from you the benignant 
 light has fled, where is Hector ? She said, and shed a 
 flood of tears, filling all the place with cries. To her, 
 in this transport, I with difiiculty make even a brief 
 reply, and in great perturbation open my mouth 
 in these few broken words: I am alive indeed, and 
 spin out life through all extremes. Doubt not ; for 
 all you see is real. Ah I what accidents of life have 
 overtaken you, since you were thrown down from 
 [the possession of] your illustrious lord? or what 
 fortune, some way suited to your merit, hath visited 
 you once more ? Is then Hector's Andromache bound in 
 wedlock to Pyrrhus ? Downward she cast her eyes, and 
 thus in humble accents [spoke] : O happy, singularly 
 happy, the fate of Priam's virgin-daughter, who, com- 
 pelled to die at the enemy's tomb under the lofty walls of 
 
B. iii 323-353. 
 
 73 
 
 Troy, suffered not in having any lots cast for her, nor as 
 a captive ever touched the bed of a victor lord ! We, 
 after the burning of our country, being transported over 
 various seas, have in thraldom borne with a mother's 
 throes the insolence of Achilles' heir, and a haughty, 
 imperious youth ; who afterwards, attaching himself to 
 Hermione, the granddaughter of Ivcda, and a Lacedemo- 
 nian match, delivered me over a slave into the possession 
 of a slave, Helenus. But Orestes, inflamed by the vio- 
 lence of love to his betrothed snatched from him, and 
 hurried on by the Furies of his crimes, surprises him in 
 an unguarded hour, and assassinates him at his paternal 
 altar. By the death of Neoptolemus, a part of his king- 
 dom fell to Helenus ; who denominated the plains Cha- 
 onian, and the whole country Chaonia, from the Trojan 
 Chaon, and built on the mountains [another] Pergamus 
 and this Trojan fort. But what winds, what fates, have 
 guided your course ? or what god hath landed you on our 
 coasts without your knowledge ? What is become of the 
 boy Ascanius ? Lives he still, and breathes the vital air ? 
 
 whom to your care, when Troy was Has the boy now 
 
 any concern fot the loss of his mother? Is he incited, 
 by both his father ^neas and his uncle Hector, to ancient 
 valour and manly courage ? 
 
 Thus bathed in tears she spoke, and heaved long un- 
 availing sobs ; when the hero Helenus, Priam's son, ad- 
 vances from the city with a numerous retinue, knows his 
 friends, with joy conducts them to his palace, and sheds 
 tears in abundance between each word. I set forward^ 
 and survey the little Troy, the castle of Pergamus re- 
 sembling the great original, and a scanty rivulet bearing 
 the name of Xanthus ; and I embrace the threshold of a 
 vScaean gate. The Trojans too, at the same time, enjoy 
 the friendly city. The king entertained them in his spa- 
 
74 
 
 B. m. 354-380. 
 
 cious galleries. In the midst of the court they ^quaffed 
 brimmers of wine, while the banquet was served in gold, 
 and each stood with a goblet in his hand. 
 
 And now one day, and a second, passed on, when the 
 gales invite our sails, and the canvass bellies by the swell- 
 ing south wind. In these words I accost the prophetj^^- 
 [Helenus,] and question him thus ^ Son of Troy, inter-j 
 preter of the gods, who knowest the divine will of Phoe- 
 bus, the tripods, the laurels of the Clarian god ; who 
 knowest the stars, the ominous sounds of birds, and the 
 prognostics of the swift wing, come, declare (for [hither- 
 to the omens of] religion have pronounced my whole 
 voyage to be prosperous, and all the gods, by their divine 
 will, have directed me to go in pursuit of Italy, and 
 attempt a settlement in lands remote : the Harpy Celseno 
 alone predicts a prodigy strange and horrible to relate, 
 and denounces direful vengeance and foul famine) what 
 are the principal dangers I am to shun ? or by the pur- 
 suit of what means may I surmount toils so great ? Upon 
 this Helenus first solicits the pe?ce of the gods by sacri- 
 ficing bullocks in due form, then unbinds the fillets of 
 his consecrated head, and himself leads me by the hand 
 to thy temple, O Phoebus, anxious with great awe of the 
 god ; then the priest, from his lips divine, delivers these 
 predictions : Goddess-born, (for that you steer through 
 the deep under some higher auspices, is unquestionably 
 evident; so the sovereign of the gods dispenses his 
 decree ; thus he fixes the series of revolving events ; 
 such a scheme of things is coming to its accomplish- 
 ment,) that you may with greater safety cross the seas to 
 which you are a stranger, and settle in the Ausonian port, 
 I will unfold to you a few particulars of many ; for the 
 Destinies prevent you from knowing the rest, and Satur- 
 nian Juno forbids Helenus to reveal it. First of all, a 
 
B. HI. 381-411. 
 
 75 
 
 long intricate voyage, with a length of lands, divides [you 
 from] Italy, which you unwittingly deem already near, 
 and whose ports you are preparing to enter, as if just at 
 hand. You must both ply the bending oar in the Trin- 
 acrian wave, and visit with your fleet the plains of the 
 Ausonian Sea, the infernal lakes, and the isle of ^£ean 
 Circ-, before you can build a city in a quiet, peaceful 
 land. I will declare the signs to you : do you keep them 
 treasured up in your mind. When, thoughtfully musing 
 by the streams of the secret river, you shall find a large 
 sow that has brought forth a litter of thirty young, reclin- 
 ing on the ground, under the holms that shade the banks, 
 white [the dam], the offspring white around her dugs : 
 that shall be the station of the city ; there is the period 
 fixed to thy labours. Nor be disturbed at the future 
 event of eating your tables : the Fates will find out an 
 expedient, and Apollo invoked will befriend you. But 
 shun those coasts, and those nearest limits of the Italian 
 shore, which are washed by the tide of our sea : all those 
 cities are inhabited by the mischievous Greeks. Here 
 the Narycian I^ocrians have raised their walls, and Cretan 
 Idomeneus with his troops has possessed the plains of 
 Salentum : here stands that little city Petilia, defended 
 by the walls of Philoctetes the Meliboean chief.^X [Re- 
 member] also (when your fleet, having crossed the seas, 
 shall come to a station, and you shall pay your vows at 
 the altar raised on the shore) to cover your head, muf- 
 fling yourself in a purple veil, lest the face of an enemy, 
 amidst the sacred fires in honour of the gods, appear, and 
 disturb the omens. This custom, in sacrifice, let your 
 friends, this yourself observe ; to this religious institu- 
 tion let your pious descendants adhere. But when, after 
 setting out, the wind shall waft you to the Sicilian coast, 
 and the straits of narrow Pelorus shall open wider to the 
 
76 
 
 B. m. 412-442. 
 
 eye, veer to the land on the left, and to the sea on the 
 left, by a long circuit ; fly the right both sea and shore. 
 These lands, they say, once with violence and vast deso- 
 lation convulsed, (such revolutions a long course of time 
 is able to produce,) slipped asunder ; when in continuity 
 both lands were one, the sea rushed impetuously between^ 
 and by its waves tore the Italian side from that of Sicily ; 
 and with a narrow frith runs between the fields and cities 
 separated by the shores. Scylla guards the right side, 
 implacable Charybdis the left, and thrice with the deep- 
 est eddies of its gulf swallows up the vast billows, head- 
 long in, and again spouts them out by turns high into the 
 air, and lashes the ^stars with the waves. But Scylla a 
 cave confines within its dark recesses, reaching forth her 
 jaws, and sucking in vessels upon the rocks. First she 
 presents a human form, a, lovely virgin down to the mid- 
 dle ; her lower parts are those of a hideous sea-monster, 
 with the tails of dolphins joined to the wombs of wolves. 
 It is better with delay to coast round the extremities of 
 Sicilian Pachynus, and steer a long winding course, than 
 once to behold the misshapen Scylla under her capacious 
 den, and those rocks that roar with her sea-green dogs. 
 Further, if Helenus has any skill, if any credit is due to 
 him as a prophet, if Apollo stores his mind with truth, I 
 will give you this one previous admonition, this one, O 
 goddess-born, above all the rest, and I will inculcate it 
 upon you again and again : Be sure you, in the first place, 
 with supplications worship great Juno's divinity ; to Juno 
 cheerfully address your vows, and overcome the powerful 
 queen with humble offerings : thus, at length, leaving 
 Trinacria, you shah be dismissed victorious to the terri- 
 tories of Italy. When, wafted thither, you reach the city 
 Cumse, the hallowed lakes, and Avernus resounding 
 through the woods, you wiH see the raving prophetess. 
 
B. m. 443-470. 
 
 77 
 
 who, beneath a deep rock, reveals the fates, and commits 
 to the leaves of trees her characters and words. What- 
 ever verses the virgin has inscribed on the leaves, she 
 ranges in harmonious order, and leaves in the cave en- 
 closed by themselves : uncovered they remain in their 
 position, nor recede from their order. But when, upon 
 turning the hinge, a small breath of wind has blown upon 
 diem, and the door [by opening] has discomposed the 
 tender leaves, she never afterwards cares to catch the 
 verses as they are fluttering in the hollow cave, nor to 
 recover their situation, or join them together. Men de- 
 part without a response, and detest the Sibyl's grot. Let 
 not the loss of some time there seem of such consequence 
 to you, (though your friends chide, and your voyage 
 strongly invite your sails into the deep, and you may have 
 an opportunity to fill the bellying canvass with a pros- 
 perous gale,) as to hinder you from visiting the prophet- 
 ess, and earnestly entreating her to deliver the oracles 
 herself, and vouchsafe to open her lips in vocal accents. 
 She will declare to you the Italian nations, and your future 
 wars, and by what means you may shun or sustain each 
 hardship ; and, with reverence addressed, will give you a 
 successful voyage. These are all the instructions I am at 
 liberty to give you. Go then, and by your achievements 
 raise mighty Troy to heaven. Which words when the 
 prophet had thus with friendly voice pronounced, he next 
 orders presents to be carried to the ships, heavy with 
 gold and ivory ; and within the sides of my vessel stows 
 a large quantity of silver plate, and caldrons of Dodonean 
 6rass, a mail thick set with rings, and wrought in gold of 
 triple tissue, together with the cone and waving crest of 
 a shining helmet, arms which belonged to Neoptolemus : 
 my father too had proper gifts conferred on him. He gives 
 us horses besides, and gives us guides. He supplies 
 
78 ^NEID. B. m. 471-602. 
 
 with rowers, and at the same time furnishes our crew with 
 arms. Meanwhile Anchises gave orders to equip our 
 fleet with sails, that we might not be late for the favour- 
 able gale. Whom the interpreter of Apollo accosts with 
 much respect: Anchises, honoured with the illustrious 
 bed of Venus, thou care of the gods, twice snatched from 
 the ruins of Troy, lo ! there the coast of Ausonia lies be- 
 fore you ; thither speed your way with full sail : and yet 
 you must needs steer your course beyond. That part of 
 Ausonia which Apollo opens lies remote. Go, says he, 
 happy in the pious duty of your son : why do I further 
 insist, and by my discourse retard the rising gales? In 
 like manner Andromache, grieved at our final departure, 
 brings forth for Ascanius vestments wrought in figures of 
 gold, and a Phrygian cloak ; nor falls short of his dignity : 
 she loads him also with presents of her labors in the 
 loom, and thus addresses him. Take these too, my child, 
 which may be memorials to you of my handy work, and 
 testify the permanent affection of Andromache, the spouse 
 of Hector: accept the last presents of thy friends. O 
 image, which is all that I have now left of my Astyanax ! 
 just such eyes, such hands, such looks he showed ; and now 
 of equal age with you, would have been blooming into 
 youth. I, with tears in my eyes, thus addressed them at 
 parting : lyive in felicity, ye whose fortune is now accom- 
 plished : we are summoned from fate to fate. To you 
 tranquillity is secured ; no expanse of sea have you to 
 plough, or to pursue the ever-retreating lands of Ausonia. 
 You behold the image of Xanthus, and the Troy which 
 your own hands have built : Heaven grant it be with hap- 
 pier auspices, and be less obnoxious to the Greeks. If 
 ever I shall enter the Tiber, and the lands that border on 
 the Tiber, and view the walls allotted to my race, we wiU 
 hereafter make of our kindred cities an allied people. 
 
B. m. 503-533. ^NBID. 79 
 
 [yours] in Kpinis, [and mine] in Italy, who have both 
 the same founder, Dardanus, and the same fortune ; [we 
 will, I say, make] of both one Troy, in good-will. Be 
 this the future care of our posterity. 
 
 We pursue our voyage near the adjacent Ceraunian 
 mountains ; whence lies our way, and the shortest course 
 by sea to Italy. Meanwhile the sun goes down, and the 
 dusky mountains are wrapped up in shade. On the bosom 
 of the wished-for earth we throw ourselves down by the 
 waves, having distributed the oars by lot, and all along 
 the dry beach we refresh our frames [with food] ; sleep 
 diffuses its dews over our weary limbs. Night, driven by 
 the hours, had not yet reached her mid- way course, when 
 Palinurus springs alert from his bed, examines every 
 wind, and lends his ears to catch the breeze. He marks 
 every star gliding in the silent sky, Arcturus, the rainy 
 Hyades, and the two northern Bears, and throws his eyes 
 round Orion armed with gold. After having seen all 
 appearances of settled weather in the serene sky, he 
 gives the loud signal from the stern : we decamp, attempt 
 our voyage, and expand the wings of our sails. And now 
 the stars being chased away, blushing Aurora appeared^ 
 when far off we espy the hills obscure, and lowly Italy. 
 Italy ! Achates first called aloud ; Italy the crew with 
 joyous acclamations hail. Then father Anchises decked 
 a capacious bowl with a garland, and filled it up with 
 wine ; and invoked the gods, standing on the lofty stern : 
 Ye gods who rule sea, and land, and storms, grant us a 
 prosperous voyage by the wind, and breathe propitious. 
 The wished-for gales begin to swell ; and now the port 
 opens nearer to our view, and on a height appears the 
 temple of Minerva. Our crew furl the sails, and turn 
 about their prows to the shore. Where the wave breaks 
 from the east, the port bends into an arch ; the jutting 
 4 * 
 
go i^NKlD. 534-561 
 
 cliffs foam with the briny spray ; [the port] itself lies 
 hidden : two turret-like rocks stretch out their arms m a 
 double wall, and the temple recedes from the shore. 
 Here, on the grassy meadow, I saw, as our first omen, 
 four snow-white steeds grazing the plain at large. And 
 father Anchises [calls out], War, O hospitable land, thou 
 betokenest ; for war steeds are harnessed ; war these 
 cattle threaten : but yet, the same quadrupeds havmg 
 long been used to submit to the chariot, and in the yoke 
 to bear the peaceful reins, there is hope, also, of peace, 
 he says. Then we address our prayers to the sacred ma- 
 jesty of Pallas, with clashing arms arrayed, who first re- 
 ceived us elated with joy ; and before her altars we veiled 
 our heads with a Phrygian veil; and according to the 
 instructions of Helenus, on which he laid the greatest 
 stress, in due form we offer up to Argive Juno the honours 
 enjoined. Without delay, as soon as we had regularly 
 fulfilled our vows, we turn about the extremities of our 
 sail-yards, and quit the abodes and suspected territories 
 of the sons of Greece. Next is seen the bay of Tarentum, 
 sacred to Hercules, if report be true ; and the pacinian 
 goddess rears herself opposite : the towers of Caulon [also 
 appear] and Scylaceum infamous for ship-wrecks. Then, 
 far from the waves, is seen Trinacrian ^tna ; and from 
 a distance we hear the loud growling of the ocean, 
 the beaten rocks, and the murmurs of breakers on the 
 coast : the deep leaps up, and sands are mingled with the 
 tide. And, [says] father Anchises, Doubtless this is the 
 famed Charybdis ; these shelves, these hideous rocks 
 Helenus foretold. Rescue us, my friends, and with 
 equal ardour rise on your oars. They do no otherwise 
 than bidden ; and first Palinurus whirled about the creak- 
 ing prow to the left waters. The whole crew, with oars 
 and sails, bore to the left. We mount up to heaven on 
 
B. Ill 565-592. 
 
 81 
 
 the arched gulf, and down again we settle to the shades 
 below, the wave having retired. Thrice the rocks bel- 
 lowed amid their hollow caverns ; thrice we saw the 
 foam dashed up, and the stars drenched with its dewy 
 moisture. 
 
 Meanwhile the wind with the sun forsook us spent 
 ■with toil ; and not knowing our course, we near the coasts 
 of the Cyclops^li^^he port itself is ample, and undisturbed 
 by the access of the winds ; but, near it, ^tna thunders 
 with horrible ruins, and sometimes sends forth to the 
 skies a black cloud, ascending in a pitchy whirlwind of 
 smoke and glowing embers ; throws up balls of flame, 
 and kisses the stars : sometimes, belching, hurls forth 
 rocks and the shattered bowels of the mountain, and with 
 a rumbling noise wreaths aloft the molten rocks, and 
 boils up from its lowest bottom. It is said that the body 
 of Bnceladus, half consumed with lightning, is pressed 
 down by this pile, and that cumbrous ^tna, laid above 
 him, spouts forth flames from its burst furnaces ; and 
 that, as often as he shifts his weary side, all Trinacria, 
 with a groan, inly trembles, and overshades the heavens 
 with smoke. Lying that night under the covert of the 
 woods, we suffer from those hideous prodigies ; nor see 
 what cause produced the sound. For neither was there 
 the light of the stars, nor was the sky enlightened by 
 the starry firmament ; but gloom was over the dusky 
 sky, and a night of extreme darkness muffled up the 
 moon in clouds. 
 
 And now the next day when the first dawn was rising, 
 and Aurora had dissipated the humid shades from the 
 sky ; when suddenly a strange figure of a man unknown 
 to us, emaciated to the last degree, and in a lamentable 
 plight, stalks from the woods, and, with the air of a sup- 
 pliant, stretches forth his hands to the shore. We look 
 
82 
 
 B. Ill 593-622. 
 
 back : he was in horrid filth, his beard overgrown, his 
 garment tagged with thorns ; but, in all besides, he was 
 a Greek, and had formerly been sent to Troy accompany- 
 ing the arms of his country. As soon as he descried our 
 Trojan dress and arms, struck with terror at the sight, he 
 paused a while, and stopped his progress : a moment 
 after, rushed headlong to the shore with tears and pray- 
 ers. I conjure you, [says he,] by the stars, by the pow- 
 ers above, by this celestial light of life, ye Trojans, snatch 
 me hence ; convey me to any climes w^hatever, I rhall 
 be satisfied. It is true, I am one who belonged to the 
 Grecian fleet, and, I confess, I bore arms against the 
 Walls of Troy : for which, if the demerit of my crime 
 be so heinous, scatter my limbs on the waves, and bury 
 them in the vast ocean. If I die, I shall have the satis- 
 faction of dying by the hands of men. He said, and 
 clasping our knees, and wallowing [on the ground], clung 
 to our knees. We urge him to tell who he is, of what 
 family born ; and next to declare what fortune pursues 
 him. My father Anchises frankly gives the youth his 
 right hand, and re-assures his mind by that kind pledge. 
 At length, fear removed, he thus begins : I am a native 
 of Ithaca; a companion of the unfortunate Ulysses, 
 Ach^menides my name. I went to Troy, my father 
 Adamastus being poor, but would that my state of life 
 had remained as it was : Here, in the huge den of the 
 Cyclop., my unmindful companions deserted me, while 
 in consternation they fled from his cruel abodes. It is 
 an abode of gore and bloody banquets, gloomy within, 
 and vast: [the Cyclop] himself, of towering height, 
 beats the stars on high, (ye gods, avert such a pest from 
 the earth I ) fiercely scowling in his aspect, and inaccess- 
 ible to every mortal : he feeds on the entrails and purple 
 blood of hapless wretches. I myself beheld, when, 
 
,B. ni. 623-653. 
 
 ^NEID. 
 
 83 
 
 having grasped in his rapacious hand two of our num- 
 ber, as he lay stretched on his back in the middle of the 
 cave, he dashed them against the stones, and the be- 
 spattered pavement floated with their blood : I beheld, 
 when he ground their members distilling black gore, and 
 their throbbing limbs quivered under his teeth. Not 
 with impunity, it is true ; such barbarity Ulysses suffered 
 not [to pass unrevenged] , nor was the prince of Ithaca 
 forgetful of himself in that critical hour. For as soon 
 as, glutted with his banquet, and buried in wine, he re- 
 posed his reclined neck to rest, and lay at his enormous 
 length along the cave, disgorging blood in his sleep, and 
 gobbets intermixed with gory wine ; we, having im- 
 plored the great gods, and distributed our several parts 
 by lot, pour in upon him on all hands at once, and with 
 our pointed javelins bore out the huge single eye which 
 was sunk under his lowering front, like a Grecian buck- 
 ler, or the orb of Phoebe ; and at length we joyfully 
 avenge the manes of our friends. But fly, ah wretches ! 
 fly, and tear the cables from the shore. For such and so 
 vast Polyphemus [is, who] pens in his hollow cave the 
 fleecy flocks, and drains their dugs, a htmdred other dire- 
 ful Cyclops commonly haunt these winding shores, and 
 roam on the lofty mountains. The horns of the moon 
 are now filling up with light for the third time, while in 
 these w^oods, among the desert dens and holds of wild 
 beasts, I linger out my life, and descry from the rock the 
 vast Cyclops, and quake at the sound of their feet and 
 voice. The berries and the stony cornels, which the 
 branches supply, form my wTetched sustenance, and the 
 herbs feed me with their plucked up roots. Casting my 
 eyes around on every object, this fleet I espied first steer- 
 ing to the shore ; to it I was resolved to give up myself, 
 whatever it had been ; it suffices me that I have escaped 
 
84 
 
 B. m 654-683 
 
 from that horrid crew. Do you rather destroy this life 
 by any sort of death. Scarcely had he spoken this, 
 when on the summit of the mountain we observe the 
 shepherd Polyphemus himself, stalking with his enor- 
 mous bulk among his flocks, and seeking the shore his 
 usual haunt; a horrible monster, mis-shapen, vast, of 
 sight deprived. The trunk of a pine guides his hand, 
 and makes firm his steps : his fleecy sheep accompany 
 him; this his sole delight, and the solace of his dis-, 
 tresses : [from his neck his whistle hangs, ^fter he 
 touched the deep floods, and arrived at the sea, he there- 
 with washes away the trickling gore from his quenched 
 orb, gnashing his teeth with a groan : and now he stalks 
 through the midst of the sea, while the waves have not 
 yet wetted his gigantic sides. We, in consternation, 
 hasten our flight far from that shore, having received our 
 suppliant, who thus merited our favour ; we silently cut 
 the cable, and bending forward, sweep the sea with 
 struggling oars. He perceived, and at the sound turned 
 his steps. But when no opportunity is afforded him to 
 reach us with his eager grasp, and he is unable in pur- 
 suing us to equal the Ionian waves, he raises a prodigious 
 yell, wherewith the sea and every wave deeply trem- 
 bled, and Italy, to its inmost bounds, was affrighted, and 
 ^tna bellowed through its winding caverns. Meanwhile 
 the race of the Cyclops, roused from the woods and lofty 
 mountains, rush to the port, and crowd the shore. We 
 perceive the ^tnean brothers, standing side by side in 
 vain, with lowering eye, bearing their heads aloft to 
 heaven ; a horrid assembly : as when aerial oaks, or 
 cone-bearing cypresses, Jove's lofty wood, or Diana's 
 grove, together rear their towering tops. Sharp fear im- 
 pels our crew to tack about to any quarter whatever, and 
 Spread their sails to any favourable wind. On the other 
 
B. ni. 684-713. 
 
 85 
 
 hand, the commands of Helenus warn them not to con- 
 tinue their course between Scylla and Charybdis, a path 
 which borders on death on either hand : our resolution 
 [therefore] is, to sail backward. 
 
 And lo ! the north-wind sent from the narrow seat of 
 Pelorus comes to our aid. I am wafted beyond the mouth 
 of Pantagia, formed of natural rock, the bay of Megara, 
 and low-lying Tapsus. These Achsemenides, the asso- 
 ciate of accursed Ulysses, pointed out to us, as backward 
 he cruised along the scenes of his wanderings. 
 
 Before the Sicilian bay outstretched lies an island 
 opposite to rough Plemmyrium ; the ancients called its 
 name Ortygia. It is said, that Alpheus, a river of Klis, 
 hath hither worked a secret channel under the sea ; 
 which, by thy mouth, O Arethusa, is now blended with 
 the Sicilian waves. We venerate the great divinities of 
 the place, as commanded ; and thence I pass the too 
 luxuriant soil of the overflowing Helorus. Hence we 
 skim along the high cliffs and prominent rocks of 
 Pachynus ; and at a distance appears Camarina, by fate 
 forbidden to be ever removed ; the Geloian plains and 
 huge Gela, called by the name of the river. Next lofty > 
 Acragas shows from far its stately walls, once the breeder 
 of generous steeds. And thee, Selinus, fruitful in palms, 
 I leave, by means of the given winds ; and I trace my 
 way through the shallows of I^ilybeum, dangerous through 
 its hidden rocks. Hence the port and joyless coast of 
 Drepanum receive me. Here, alas ! after being tossed 
 3y so many storms at sea, I lose my sire Anchises, my 
 jolace in every care and suffering. Here thou, best of 
 fathers, whom in vain, alas ! I saved from so great dan- 
 gers, forsakest me spent with toils. Neither prophetic 
 Helenus, when he gave me many fearful warnings, nor 
 dire Celsno, predicted to me this mournful stroke. This 
 
86 
 
 ^NKID. B. III. 714-718. b. iv. 1-16. 
 
 was my finishing disaster, this the termination of my 
 long tedious voyage. Parting hence, a god directed me 
 to your coasts. 
 
 Thus father ^neas, while all sat attentive, alone 
 I recounted the destiny allotted to him by the gods, and 
 gave a history of his voyage. He ceased at length, and, 
 having here finished his relation, rested. 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 In the Fourth Book, Queen Dido hecomes deeply enamoured of ^neas, to 
 whom she prolfers her hand and her crown ; but, on finding him deter- 
 mined, in obedience to the command of the gods, to leave Carthage, rage 
 and despair took possession of the unhappy queen. At last, the sudden 
 departure of ^neas led to the fatal catastrophe of her death, by her own 
 hand, on the funeral pile which she had erected. 
 
 But the queen, long since pierced with painful care, 
 feeds the wound in her veins, and is consumed by unseen 
 flames. The many virtues of the hero, the many honours 
 of his race, recur to her thoughts : his looks and words 
 'dwell fixed in her soul : nor does care allow calm rest to 
 her limbs. Returning Aurora now illuminated the earth 
 with the lamp of Phoebus, and had chased away the dewy 
 shades from the sky, when she, half-frenzied, ihus ad- 
 dresses her sympathizing sister : Sister Anna, what dreams 
 terrify and distract my mind ! What think you of this 
 wondrous guest who has come to our abodes? In mien\ 
 how graceful he appears ! in manly fortitude and warlike , 
 deeds how great ! I am fully persuaded (nor is my belief 
 groundless) that he is the offspring of the god^^^^i^ear^ 
 argues a degenerate mind. Ah 1 by what fatal disasters 
 has he been tossed 1 what toils of war he sang, endured to 
 the last ! Had I not been fixed and steadfast in my resolu- 
 tion, never to join myself to any in the bonds of wedlock, 
 
B. IV 17-47. 
 
 87 
 
 since my first love by death mocked and disappointed 
 me ; had I not been thoroughly tired of the marriage-bed 
 and nuptial torch, to this one frailty I might perhaps give 
 way. Anna, (for I will own it,) since the decease of my 
 unhappy spouse Sichaeus, and since the household gods 
 jwere stained with his blood shed by a brother, this 
 [stranger] alone has warped my inclinations, and inter- 
 ested my wavering mind : I recognise the symptoms of 
 my former flame. But sooner may earth from her lowest 
 depths yawn for me, or the almighty Sire hurl me by his 
 thunder to the shades, the pale shades of Erebus and deep 
 night, than I violate thee, modesty, or break thy laws. 
 He who first linked me to himself hath borne away my 
 affection ; may he possess it still, and retain it in his grave. 
 This said, she filled her bosom with trickling tears. Anna 
 replies : O dearer to your sister than the light, will you 
 thus in mournful solitude waste your bloom of youth nor 
 know the dear delights of children, and rewards of love? 
 Think you that ashes and the buried dead care for that? 
 What though no lovers moved you before, when your 
 sorrows were green, either in I^ibya, or before in Tyre? 
 what though larbas was slighted, and other princes whom 
 Afric, fertile in triumphs, maintains? Will you also resist 
 a flame which you approve? Will you not reflect in 
 whose country you now reside ? Here the Getulian cities, 
 a race invincible in war, unrestrained Numidians, and in- 
 hospitable quicksands, enclose you round ; there, a region 
 by thirst turned into a desert, and the wide-raging Bar 
 cseans. Why should I mention the kindling wars from 
 Tyre, and the menaces of your brother? It was surely, I 
 think, under the auspices of the gods, and by the favour 
 of Juno, that the Trojan ships steered their course to this 
 our coasts O sister, how flourishing shall you see this 
 city, how potent your kingdom rise from such a match I 
 
88 
 
 B. IV 48-76. 
 
 By what high exploits shall the Carthaginian glory be 
 advanced, when the Trojan's arms join them! Do thou 
 but supplicate the favour of the gods, and, having per- 
 formed propitiating rites, indulge in hospitality, and de- 
 vise one pretence after another for detaining [your guest] , 
 while winter's fury rages on the sea, and Orion .charged 
 with rain ; while his ships are shattered, and the sky is 
 inclement. 
 
 By this speech she fanned the fire of love kindled in 
 Dido's breast, buoyed up her wavering mind with hope, 
 and banished her scruples. First to the temples they 
 repair, and by sacrifice the peace of heaven implore ; to 
 Ceres the lawgiver, to Phoebus, and to father Bacchus 
 they offer ewes of the age of two years, according to 
 custom ; above all to Juno, whose province is the nup- 
 tial tie. Dido herself, in all her beauty, holding in 
 her right hand the cup, pours it between the horns 
 of a white heifer; or before the images of the gods 
 in solemn pomp around the rich-loaded altars walks, 
 renews one ofi"ering after another all the day long, and, 
 gaping over the disclosed breasts of the victims, consult 
 their panting entrails. Alas ! how ignorant the minds of 
 seers ! what can prayers, what can temples, avail a raging 
 lover? The gentle flame preys all the while upon her 
 vitals, and the secret wound rankles in her breast. Un- 
 happy Dido burns, and frantic roves over all the town : 
 like a wounded deer, whom, off her guard, a shepherd 
 pursuing with his darts has pierced at a distance among 
 the Cretan woods, and unknowingly [in the wound] hath 
 left the winged steel : she flying bounds over the Dict^an 
 woods and glades : the fatal shaft sticks in her side. Now she 
 conducts ^neas through the midst of her fortifications; 
 shows him both the treasures brought from Tyre, and her 
 new city : she begins to speak, and stops short in the middle 
 
B. IV. 77-105. 
 
 89 
 
 of a word. When day declines, she longs to have the 
 same banquets renewed ; and, fond even to madness, begs 
 again to hear the Trojan disasters, and again hangs on the 
 speaker's lips. Now, when they had severally retired, 
 ^while the fading moon in her alternate course withdraws 
 her light, and the setting stars invite sleep, she mourns 
 alone in the desert hall, presses the couch which he had 
 left, and in fancy hears and sees the absent hero ; or, 
 captivated with the father's image, hugs Ascanius in her 
 bosom, if possibly she may divert her unutterable love. 
 The towers which were begun cease to rise ; her youth 
 practise not their warlike exercises, nor prepare ports 
 and bulwarks for war ; the works and the huge battlements 
 on the walls, and the engines that mate the skies, are 
 discontinued. 
 
 Whom when Jove's beloved wife perceived to be thus 
 possessed with the blighting passion, and that even sense 
 of honour could not resist its rage, Saturnia thus artfully 
 addresses Venus: Distinguished praise, no doubt, and 
 ample spoils, you and your boy carry off, high and signal 
 renown, if one woman is overcome by the wiles of two 
 deities. Nor am I quite ignorant, that you apprehend 
 danger from our walls, and view the structures of lofty 
 Carthage with a j ealous eye. But where will all this end ? 
 or what do we now propose by such hot contention? 
 Why do not we rather promote an eternal peace, and 
 nuptial contract? You have your whole soul's desire; 
 Dido burns with love, and has sucked the fury into her 
 very bones. I^et us therefore rule this people in com- 
 mon, and under equal sway : let Dido be at liberty to bind 
 herself in wedlock to a Trojan lord, and into thy hand de= 
 liver over the Tyrians by way of dowry. 
 
 To whom Venus (for she preceived that she spoke with 
 an insincere mind, with a design to transfer the seat of 
 
90 
 
 B. IV. 106-133. 
 
 empire from Italy to the Libyan coasts) thus in her turn 
 began : Who can be so mad as to reject these terms, and 
 rather choose to engage in war with you, would fortune 
 but concur with the scheme which you mention ? But I 
 am driven to an uncertainty by the Fates, [not knowing] 
 whether it be the will of Jupiter that the Tyrians and 
 Trojans should dwell in one city, or if he will approve the 
 union of the two nations, and the joining of alliance. 
 You are his consort: to you it belongs by entreaty to 
 work upon his mind. Lead you the way ; I will follow. 
 Then imperial Juno thus replied : That task be mine : 
 meanwhile (mark my words) I will briefly show by what 
 means our present design may be accomplished, ^neas 
 and most unhappy Dido are preparing to hunt together 
 in the forest, soon as to-morrow's sun shall have brought 
 forth the early dawn, and enlightened the world with his 
 beams. While the [bright-hued] plumage flutters, and 
 they enclose the thickets with toils, I will pour on them 
 from above a blackening storm of rain with mingled hail, 
 and with peals of thunder make heaven's whole frame 
 to shake. Their retinue shall fly different ways, and be 
 covered with a dark night [of clouds] . Dido and the 
 Trojan prince shall repair to the same cave : there will I 
 be present, and, if I have your firm consent, I will join 
 them in the lasting bonds of wedlock, and consecrate her 
 to be his for ever. The god of marriage shall be there. 
 Venus, without any opposition, agreed to her proposal, 
 md smiled at the fraud she discovered. 
 
 Meanwhile Aurora rising left the ocean. Soon as the 
 beams of day shot forth, the chosen youth issue through 
 the gates : the fine nets, the toils, tJie broad-pointed 
 hunting spears, the Massylian horsemen, and a pack of 
 quick -scented hounds, pour forth together. Before the pal- 
 ace gate the Carthagian nobles await the queen lingering 
 
B. IV. 134-164. 
 
 91 
 
 in her alcove ; her steed, richly caparisoned with purple 
 and gold, ready stands, and fiercely champs the foaming 
 bit. At length she comes attended by a numerou 
 retinue, attired in a Sidonian chlamys with embroidered 
 border : she has a quiver of gold ; her tresses are tied in 
 a golden knot ; a golden buckle binds up her purple robe. 
 The Trojan youth, too, and sprightly liilus, accompany 
 the procession, ^neas himself, distinguished in beauty 
 above all the rest, mingles with the retinue, and adds his 
 train to hers : as when Apollo, leaving Lycia, his winter 
 seat, and the streams of Xanthus, revisits his mother's 
 island Delos, and renews the dances ; the Cretans, Dry- 
 opes, and painted Agathyrsi, mingle their acclamations 
 around his altars : he himself moves maj estic on Cynthus' 
 top, and adjusting his waving hair, crowns it with a soft 
 wreath, and enfolds it in gold ; his arrows rattle on his 
 shoulders. With no less active grace ^neas moved: 
 such comeliness shines forth in his matchless mien. 
 Soon as they reached the high mountains, and pathless 
 lairs, lo ! from the summit of the craggy cliff the wild 
 goats dislodged skip down the rocks : on the other side 
 the stags scour along the open plains, and gather together 
 in flight their dust-covered squadrons, and forsake the 
 mountains. Now the boy Ascanius delights in his 
 sprightly courser through the enclosed vales ; and now 
 these, now those he outrides, and devoutly wishes that a 
 foaming boar would cross his way amidst the feeble 
 flocks, or a tawny lion descend from the mountain. 
 
 Meanwhile the air begins to be disturbed with loud 
 murmurings ; a deluge of rain with mingled hail suc- 
 ceeds. And here and there the Tyrian train, the Trojan 
 youth, and Venus' grandchild of Dardanian line, for fear 
 sought different shelters through the fields. Whole 
 rivers from the mountains come pouring down. Dido 
 
92 
 
 B IV. 165-193. 
 
 and the Trojan prince repair to the same cave. [Thenj 
 lirst the Earth, and Juno who presides over marriage, 
 gave the signal : lightnings flashed, the sky was a wit- 
 ness to the alliance, and the nymphs were heard to 
 shriek on the mountain tops. That day first proved the 
 source of death, the source of woes : for [now] Dido is 
 neither influenced by appearance nor character, nor is 
 she now studious to carry on clandestine love : she calls 
 it marriage : she veils her guilt under that name. 
 
 Forthwith Fame through the populous city of Libya 
 runs : Fame, than whom no pest is more swift, by exert- 
 ing her agility grows more active, and acquires strength 
 on her way : small at first through fear ; soon she shoots 
 up into the skies, and stalks along the ground, while she 
 hides her head among the clouds. Parent Karth, en- 
 raged by the vengeance of the gods, produced her the 
 youngest sister, it is said of Coeus, and Knceladus, swift 
 to move with feet and persevering wings : a monster 
 hideous, immense; who (wondrous to relate!) for as 
 many plumes as are in her body, numbers so many 
 wakeful eyes beneath, so many tongues, so many bab- 
 bling mouths, pricks up so many listening ears. By 
 night, through the mid region of the sky, and through 
 the shades of earth, she flies buzzing, nor inclines her 
 eyes to balmy rest. Watchful by day, she perches either 
 on some high house-top, or on lofty turrets, and fills 
 mighty cities with dismay ; as obstinately bent on false- 
 hood and iniquity as on reporting truth. She then, 
 ielighted, with various rumours filled the people's ear, 
 and uttered facts and fictions indifferently ; [namely,] 
 that ^neas, sprung from Trojan blood, had arrived, 
 whom Dido, with all her charms, vouchsafed to wed ; 
 that now in revelling with each other they enjoyed the 
 
>. IV. 194 220. 
 
 93 
 
 winter, throughout its length, unmindful of their king- 
 doms, and enslaved by a base passion. 
 
 With such news the foul goddess fills the mouths of the 
 people. To king larbus straight she turns her course ; 
 inflames his soul by her rumours, and aggravates his 
 rage. This larbus, the son of Ammon by the ravished 
 nymph Garamantis, raised to Jove a hundred lofty tem- 
 ples within his extensive realms, a hundred altars *, and 
 there had he consecrated the wakeful fire, with a sacred 
 watch to keep eternal guard, a piece of ground, fattened 
 with victims' blood, and the gates adorned with wreaths 
 of various flowers. He, maddened in soul, and inflamed 
 by the bitter tidings, is said, before the altars, amid the 
 very presence of the gods, to have [thus] importunately 
 addressed Jupiter in suppliant form with uplifted hands : 
 Almighty Jove, to whom the Maurusian race, that feast 
 on painted couches, now honour thee with a libation of 
 wine, seest thou these things ? or do we vainly dread 
 thee, when thou, O father ! dartest thy thunder-bolts ? 
 and are those lightnings in the clouds that terrify our 
 minds blind and fortuitous, and do they mingle mere idle 
 sounds A wondering woman, who hath built in out- 
 ^)^minions a small city [on a spot] she purchased ; to 
 I '^hom we assigned a tract of shore for tillage, and upon 
 whom we imposed the laws of the country, hath rejected 
 our proffered match, and hath taken ^neas into her 
 kingdom for her lord : and now this other Paris, with his 
 unmanly train, bound under the chin with a Lydian cap^ 
 and with his locks bedewed [with odours], enjoys the 
 ravished prize : [this we have deserved forsooth,] because 
 we bring offerings to thy temples, and cherish an idle 
 glory. 
 
 While in such terms he addressed his prayer, and 
 grasped the altar, the almighty heard- and turned his 
 
94 
 
 B. IV. 221-251 
 
 eyes towards the royal towers [of Carthage], and the 
 lovers regardless of their better fame. Then thus he 
 bespeaks Mercury, and gives him these instructions: 
 Fly quick, my son, call the zephyrs, and on thy pinions 
 glide: and to the Trojan prince, who now loiters in 
 Tyrian Carthage, nor regards the cities allotted him by 
 the Fates, address yourself ; and bear [this] my message 
 swiftly through the skies. Not such a one did his fairest 
 mother promise us, nor was it for this she saved him 
 twice from the Grecian sword : but that he should be one 
 who should rule Italy, big with [future] empire, and 
 fierce in war, who should evince his descent from Teucer's 
 noble blood, and bring the whole world under his sway. 
 If he is not fired by the glory of such deeds, nor will him- 
 self attempt any laborious enterprise for his own renown, 
 will he, the father, envy Ascanius Rome's imperial 
 towers? What does he propose? or with what prospect 
 lingers he so long among an unfriendly race, nor regards 
 his Ausonian offspring, and I^avinian fields ? Bid him set 
 sail. No more : be this our message. 
 
 He said * Mercury prepared to obey his mighty father's 
 will : and first to his feet he binds his golden sandals, 
 which by their wings waft him aloft, whether over sea or 
 land, swift as the rapid gales. Next he takes his wand ; 
 with this he calls from hell the pale ghosts, despatches 
 others down to sad Tartarus, gives sleep, or takes it away, 
 and unseals the eyes from death. Aided by this, he 
 drives along the winds, and breasts the troubled clouds. 
 And now in his flight he espies the top and lofty sides of 
 hardy Atlas, who with his summit supports the sky ; 
 Atlas, whose head, crowned with pines, is always encir- 
 cled with black clouds, and lashed by wind and rain : 
 large sheets of snow enwrap his shoulders ; from his aged 
 chin torrents headlong roll, and his grisly beard is stiff 
 
B. IV. 252-281. 
 
 95 
 
 with icicles. Here first Cyllenius, poising himself on 
 even wings, alighted ; hence with the weight of his 
 whole body he flings himself headlong to the floods; 
 like the fowl, which [hovering] about the shores, about 
 the fishy rocks, flies low near the surface of the seas : 
 g'ust so Maia's son, shooting down from his maternal 
 ^grandsire between heaven and earth, [skimmed along] 
 the sandy shore of Libya, and cut the winds. As soon as 
 he touched the cottages [of Afric] with his winged feet, 
 he views ^neas founding towers, and raising new struc- 
 tures ; and at his side he wore a sword studded with yel- 
 low jasper, and a cloak, hanging down from his shoulders, 
 glowed with Tyrian purple ; presents which wealthy Dido 
 had given, and had interwoven the stuff with threads of 
 gold. Forthwith he accosts him : Is it for you now to 
 be laying the foundations of stately Carthage, and, the 
 fond slave of a wife, be raising a city [for her], regardless, 
 alas ! of your kingdom and nearest concerns ? The sover- 
 eign of the gods, who governs heaven and earth by his 
 nod, himself sends me down to you from bright Olympus. 
 The same commanded me to bear these his instructions 
 swiftly through the air. What dost thou purpose, or 
 with what prospect dost thou waste thy peaceful hours 
 in the territories of libya ? If no glory from such deeds 
 moves thee, and thou wilt attempt no laborious enter- 
 prise for thy own renown; have some regard [at least] 
 to the rising Ascanius, and the hopes of thine heir liilus, 
 for whom the kingdom of Italy and the Roman territo- 
 ries are destined. When Cyllenius had spoken thus, he 
 left mortal vision in the very midst of the conference, 
 and far beyond sight vanished into thin air. 
 
 Meanwhile ^neas, entranced by the vision, was struck 
 -f %mb ; his hair with horror stood erect, and his tongue 
 cleaved to his jaws. He burns to be gone in flight, and 
 5 
 
96 
 
 IV. 282-306. 
 
 leave the darling land, awed by the message and dread 
 command of the gods. Ah ! what can he do ? in what 
 terms can he now presume to solicit the consent of the 
 raving queen ? With what words shall he introduce the 
 subject? And now this way, now that, he swiftly turns 
 his wavering mind, snatches various purposes by starts, 
 and roams uncertain through all. Thus fluctuating, he* 
 fixed on this resolution as the best : he calls to him 
 Mnestheus, Sergestus, and the brave Cloanthus ; [and 
 bids them] with silent care equip the fleet, summon 
 their social bands to the shore, prepare their arms, and 
 artfully conceal the cause of this sudden change : [add- 
 ing,] that he himself, in the mean time, while generous 
 Dido was in ignorance, and had no apprehension that 
 their so great loves could be dissolved, would try the ave- 
 nues [to her heart], what may be the softest moments of 
 address, what means might be most favourable to their 
 design. With joyful speed they all obey the commands, 
 and put his orders in execution. 
 
 But the queen (who can deceive a lover ?) was before- 
 hand in perceiving the fraud, and the first who conjec- 
 tured their future motions, dreading even where all 
 seemed to be safe : the same malignant fame conveyed 
 the news to her frantic, that the fleet was being equipped, 
 and preparing to set sail. She rages even to madness, 
 and inflamed, she wildly roams through all the city : like 
 a Bacchanal wrought up into enthusiastic fury in cele- 
 brating the sacred [mysteries of her god] , when the tri- 
 ennial orgies stimulate her, at hearing the name of Bac- 
 chus, and the nocturnal bowlings on Mount Citheron 
 invite her. At length, in these words she first accosts 
 ^neas : And didst thou hope, too, perfidious one, to be 
 able to conceal from me so wicked a purpose, and to 
 steal away in silence from my coasts? Can neither our 
 
B. IV. 307-337. 
 
 97 
 
 iove, nor thy once plighted faith, nor Dido resolved to 
 die by a cruel death, detain thee ? Nay, you prepare 
 your fleet even in the wintry season, and haste to launch 
 into the deep amidst northern blasts ! Cruel one ! suppose 
 you were not bound for a foreign land and settlements 
 unknown, and old Troy was still remaining ; should you 
 set sail for Troy on this tempestuous sea? Wilt thou 
 fly from me ? By these tears, by that right hand, (since 
 I have left nothing else to myself now, a wretch forlorn,) 
 by our nuptial rites, by our conjugal loves begun ; if I 
 have deserved any thanks at thy hand, or if ever you 
 saw any charms in me, take pity, I implore thee, on a 
 falling race, and, if yet there is any room for prayers, lay 
 aside your resolution. For thy sake have I incurred the 
 hatred of the I^ibyan nations, of the Numidian princes, 
 and made the Tyrians my enemies ; for thy sake have I 
 sacrificed my shame, and, what alone raised me to the 
 stars, my former fame: to whom dost thou abandon 
 Dido, soon about to die, my guest ! since, instead of a 
 husband's name, only this remains ? What wait I for? is 
 it till my brother Pygmalion lay this city of mine in 
 ashes, or larbas, the Getulian, carry me away his captive? 
 Had I but enjoyed offspring by thee before thy flight ; 
 did a young ^neas play in my hall, were it but to give 
 me thy image in his features, I should not indeed have 
 thought myself quite a captive and forlorn. 
 
 She said. He, by the commands of Jove, held his eyes 
 unmoved, and with hard struggles suppressed the anxious 
 care in his heart. At length he briefly replies, That you, 
 O queen, have laid on me numerous obligations, which 
 you may recount at large, I never shall disown ; and I 
 shall always remember Klisa with pleasure, while I have 
 any remembrance of myself, while I have a soul to actuate 
 these limbs. But to the point in debate I shall briefly 
 
98 
 
 B IV. 337-365; 
 
 Speak : believe me, I neither thought by stealth to have 
 concealed this my flight, nor did I ever pretend a lawful 
 union, or enter into such a contract. Had the Fates left 
 me free to conduct my life by my own direction, and ease 
 my cares according to my own choice ; my first regards 
 had been shown to Troy and the dear relics of my coun- 
 try ; Priam's lofty palace should [now] remain, and with 
 this hand I would have repaired for the conquered the 
 walls of Pergamus, raised again from ruin. But now to 
 great Italy Grynsean Apollo, to Italy the Lycian oracles 
 have commanded me to repair. This is the object of my 
 love, this my country. If the towers of Carthage and the 
 sight of a Libyan city engross you, a Phoenician born, 
 why should you be dissatisfied that we Trojans settle in 
 the land of Ausonia ? Let us, too, have the privilege to 
 go in quest of foreign realms. Whenever the night over- 
 spreads the earth with humid shades, as often as the fiery 
 stars arise, the troubled ghost of my father Anchises visits 
 me in my dreams, and with dreadful summons urges [my 
 departure] : my son Ascanius [calls] me [hence], and the 
 injury done to one so dear, whom I defraud of the Hes- 
 perian crown, and his destined dominions. Now also the 
 messenger of the gods, despatched from Jove himself, (I 
 call them both to witness !) swift gliding through the air, 
 bore to me his high commands : myself beheld the god 
 in conspicuous brightness entering your walls, and with 
 these ears I received his voice. Cease to torment your- 
 self and me by your complaints : the Italian coasts I pur- 
 sue, not out of choice. 
 
 Thus while he speaks, she views him all along from the 
 beginning with averted looks, rolling her eyes hither and 
 thither, and with silent glances surveys his whole person, 
 then thus inflamed with wrath breaks forth : Nor goddess 
 gave thee birth, perfidious one ! nor is Dardanus the 
 
B. IV. 336-390. 
 
 99 
 
 founder of thy race, but frightful Caucasus on flinty cliffs 
 brought thee forth, and Hyrcanian tigers gave thee suck. 
 For why should I dissemble ? or for what greater injuries 
 can I be reserved? Did he so much as sigh at my dis- 
 tress ? did he once move his eyes ? Did he, overcome, 
 shed a tear, or compassionate me in my love ? Where 
 shall I begin my complaint? Now neither mighty June 
 nor the Saturnian sire, considers these things with impar- 
 tial eyes. Firm faith no where subsists. An outcast on 
 my shores, an indigent wretch, I received him, and fool 
 that I was, settled him in partnership of my crown ; his 
 wrecked fleet [I renewed], his companions from death I 
 saved. Ah ! I am all on fire, I am distracted with fury ! 
 *'Now the prophetic voifce of Apollo; now the Lycian 
 lots ; and now the messenger of the gods, despatched 
 from Jove himself, through the air conveys the horrid 
 n;andate." A worthy employment, forsooth, for the 
 poVers above, a weighty concern to disturb them in 
 their peaceful state ! I neither detain you, nor argue 
 against what you have said. Go, speed your way for 
 Italy with the winds, pursue this kingdom of yours, over 
 the waves. I hope, however, (if the just gods have any 
 power,) thou may est suffer punishment amid the rocks, 
 and often [vainly] call on Dido's name. I, though absent, 
 will pursue thee with black flames : and, when cold death 
 shall have separated these limbs from my soul, as a shade 
 will I haunt thee in every place : Wretch ! thou shalt 
 make atonement ; I shall hear it ; even in the deep shades 
 these tidings will reach me. With these words she breaks 
 off in the middle of the conference, and sickening shuns 
 the light : she turns about, and flings away out of his 
 sight, leaving him greatly perplexed through fear, and 
 preparing to say a thousand things. Her maids raise her 
 
100 
 
 B. IV. 391-418. 
 
 Up, bear her fainting limbs into her marble bed-chamber, 
 and gently lay her on a couch. 
 
 Meanwhile pious ^neas, though by solacing means he 
 desires to ease her grief, and by words to divert her an- 
 guish, heaving many a sigh, and staggered in his mind 
 V by mighty love, yet gives obedience to the commands of ' 
 the gods, and revisits his fleet. Then, indeed, the Trojanst 
 intensely ply their work, and launch the ships all along 
 the shore. The pitchy keel floats ; through eager haste 
 to sail, they bring from the woods oars not cleared of 
 leaves, and unfashioned timber. You might have seen 
 them removing, and pouring from all quarters of the 
 town, as when ants, mindful of winter, plunder a large 
 granary of corn, and hoard it up in their cell ; the black 
 battalion marches over the plains, and along the narrow 
 track they convey their booty through the meadows; 
 some, shoving with their shoulders, push forward the 
 cumbrous grain ; some rally the [straggling] bands, and 
 chastise those that lag : the path all glows with the work. 
 
 Dido, how wast thou then afl"ected with so sad a pros- 
 pect? What groans didst thou utter, when from thy 
 lofty tower thou beheld est the shore in its wide extent 
 glowing [with bustle], and didst also observe, full in thy 
 view, the whole watery plain resounding with such min- 
 gled shouts? Unrelenting love, how irresistible is thy 
 sway over the mind of mortals ! She is constrained once 
 more to have recourse to tears, once more to assail him 
 by prayers, and suppliant to subject the powers of her 
 soul to love, lest, by leaving any means unattempted, 
 she should throw away her life rashly, and without cause. 
 ^'Anna, thou seest over all the shore how they are hasten- 
 ^ ing : the whole bands are drawn together, the canvass 
 now invites the gales; and the joyful mariners have 
 crowned their sterns with garlands. O sister, since I was 
 
B. IV. 419-447. 
 
 101 
 
 able to foresee this so sad a blow, I shall be able to bear 
 it. Yet, Anna, perform this one request for your wretched 
 sister : for that perfidious man made you the sole object 
 of his esteem, even intrusted you with the secrets of his 
 soul, you alone knew the occasions and soft approaches 
 ,to his heart. Go, sister, and in suppliant terms bespeak 
 jthe haughty foe : I never conspired with the Greeks at 
 Aulis to extirpate the Trojan race, or sent a fleet to Troy ; 
 nor did I disturb the ashes and manes of his father An- 
 chises. Why does he stop his unrelenting ears to my 
 words ? whither does he fly ? Let him grant but this last 
 favour to his unhappy lover ; to defer his flight till it be 
 safe, and till the winds blow fair. I plead no more for 
 that old-promised wedlock, which he has betrayed ; nor 
 that he should deprive himself of fair Latium, and re- 
 linquish a kingdom. I ask a trifling moment ; a respite 
 and interval from distracting pain, till, subdued by for- 
 tune, I learn to sustain my woes. This favour I implore 
 as the last, (pity thy sister !) which, when he has granted, 
 I shall send him away completely happy in my death. 
 
 To this effect she prayed ; and her sister, deeply dis- 
 tressed, bears once and again this mournful message to 
 ^neas ; but by none of her mournful messages is he 
 moved, nor listens with calm regard to any words. The 
 Fates stand in his way ; and heaven renders his ears deaf 
 to compassion. And as the Alpine north winds by their 
 blasts, now on this side, now on that, strive with joint 
 force to overturn a sturdy ancient oak ; a loud howling 
 goes forth, and the leaves strew the ground in heapSj 
 vvhile the trunk is shaken ; the tree itself cleaves fast to 
 the rocks ; and as high as it shoots up to the top in the 
 ethereal regions, so deep it descends with its root towards 
 Tartarus : just so the hero on this side and that side is 
 plied with importunate remonstrances, and feels deep 
 
102 
 
 B. IV. 448-477. 
 
 pangs in his mighty soul ; his mind remains unmoved ; 
 unavailing tears are shed. 
 
 Then, indeed, unhappy Dido, struck to the heart by her 
 fate, longs for death ; she sickens of beholding the canopy 
 of heaven. The more to prompt her to execute her pur- 
 pose, and to part with the light, while she was presenting 
 her offerings upon the altar that smoked with incense, shi 
 beheld, horrid to relate ! the sacred liquors grow black 
 and the outpoured wine turn into inauspicious blood. 
 This vision she revealed to none, not even to her sister. 
 Besides, there was in the palace a marble shrine in honour 
 of her former husband, to which she paid extraordinary 
 veneration, [having] it encircled with snowy fillets of 
 wool and festal garlands. Hence voices, and the words 
 of her husband calling her, seemed to be heard, when dim 
 night shrouded the earth ; and on the house-tops the soli- 
 tary owl often complained in doleful ditty, and spun out 
 his long notes in a mournful strain. Besides, many pre- 
 dictions of pious prophets terrify her with dreadful fore- 
 bodings, ^neas himself, now stern and cruel, disturbs 
 her raving in her sleep ; and still she seems to be aban- 
 doned in solitude, still to be going a long tedious journey, 
 with no attendance, and to be inquest of her Tyrians in 
 some desert country : as frantic Pentheus sees troops of 
 Furies, two suns, and Thebes appear double ; or like 
 Orestes, Agamemnon's son, with distraction hurried on 
 the stage, when he flies from his mother armed with fire- 
 brands and black snakes and the avenged Furies are 
 planted at the gate. 
 
 When, therefore, overpowered with grief, she had taken, 
 the Furies into her breast, and determined to die, she 
 ponders the time and manner with herself ; and thus 
 accosting her sister, the partner of her grief, covers her 
 intention in her looks, and puts on a serene air of hope. 
 
B. IT. 478-506. 
 
 103 
 
 Rejoice, O sister, with thy sister ! I have found an expe- 
 dient, which will restore him to me, or set my love-sick 
 soul at liberty from him. Near the extremity of the 
 ocean and the setting sun, the utmost boundary of Ethiopia 
 lies, where mighty Atlas on his shoulder whirls about the 
 globe, spangled with refulgent stars : hence appeared to 
 me a priestess of the Massylian nation, the guardian of 
 the temple of the Hesperides, who supplied the dragon 
 with food, and watched the sacred branches on the tree, 
 infusing liquid honey and the sleepy poppy. ' She under- 
 takes, by charms, to release any souls, whom she will, 
 [from the power of love,] and to entail on others irksome 
 cares : to stop the course of rivers, and turn the stars back- 
 ward : she summons up the ghosts by night. You shall 
 see the earth bellow under her feetVand the wild ashes 
 descend from the mountains.>^VJ^y dear sister, I call the 
 gods, and you, and that dear person of thine, to witness, 
 that it is against my will I set about these magic arts. Do 
 you in secrecy erect a funeral pile in the inner court, 
 under the open air, and lay upon it his arms, which he, 
 impiously base, left fixed in my bed-chamber, with all his 
 clothes, and the nuptial bed in which I was undone. The 
 priestess orders and directs me to destroy every monu-, 
 ment of that execrable man. Having thus said, she 
 ceases : at the same time, paleness overcasts her whole 
 complexion. Yet Anna imagines not that her sister aimed 
 at death under pretext of these unusual rites ; nor once 
 suspects that she had formed such a desperate purpose, 
 nor dreads anything worse than had happened at the death 
 of Sichseus. Therefore she makes the desired prepara- 
 tions. 
 
 But the queen, as soon as the vast pile was erected un- 
 der the open air in the inner court, with torches and 
 faggots of oak, encircles the ground with garlands, and 
 6* 
 
104 
 
 B. IV. 5C6-586. 
 
 crowns it with funeral boughs : upon the bed she lays 
 his clothes, the sword he left, and his image, well know- 
 ing of the future. Altars are raised around; and the 
 priestess, her hair dishevelled, with thundering voice, 
 invokes three hundred gods, and Erebus, and Chaos, and 
 threefold Hecate, virgin Diana's triple form. She sprin-= 
 kled also water counterfeiting that of the lake Avernus : 
 full-grown herbs, cut by moonlight with brazen sickles, 
 are searched out, together with the juice of black poison : 
 the [mother's] love, too, torn from the forehead of a 
 new-foaled colt, and snatched away from the dam, is 
 sought out. The queen herself, now resolute on death, 
 having one foot bare, her robe ungirt, standing by the 
 altars, with the salt cake and pious hands, makes her ap- 
 peal to the gods, and to the stars conscious of her fate : 
 then, if any deity, both just and mindful, regards lovers 
 unequally 3^oked, him she invokes. 
 
 It was night, and we'ary bodies over the earth were en- 
 joying a peaceful repose : the woods and raging seas 
 were still ; when the stars roll in the middle of their 
 gliding course ; when every field is hushed : the beasts, 
 and speckled birds, both those that far and wide haunt 
 the liquid lakes, and those that possess the fields with 
 rough bushes overgrown, all stretched under the silent 
 night, allayed their cares with sleep, and every heart 
 forgot its toil. But not so the soul-distressed queen ; not 
 one moment is she lulled to rest, nor enjoys the night 
 with eyes or mind. Her cares redouble ; and love, again 
 arising, rages afresh, and fluctuates with a high tide of 
 passions. Thus then she persists, and revolves these se- 
 cret reflections in her breast: I^o ! what shall I do? 
 Bafiled as I am, shall I, in my turn, apply to my former 
 sidtors? shall I humbly sue for a match with one of the 
 Numidians, whom I have so often disdained as lords? 
 
B. IV. 537-565. 
 
 ^NEID. 
 
 105 
 
 Shall I then attend the fleet of Ilium, and submit to the 
 basest commands of the Trojans ? and that, because I am 
 well rewarded for having lent them my assistance, and 
 in their grateful hearts a just sense of my former kind- 
 ness remains ? But, suppose I had the will, who will put 
 it in my power, or receive into their proud ships me, the 
 object of their hate? Ah! lost one, art thou unac-='; 
 quainted with, art thou still to learn, the perfidiousness 
 of Laomedon's race ? What then ? Shall I steal away 
 by myself to accompany the triumphant crew? or, at- 
 tended by my Tyrians, and all my people in a body, shall 
 I pursue th-^m, and again lead out to sea, and order those 
 to spread their sails to the winds, whom, with much ado, 
 I forced from Tyre ? Nay, rather die, as you deserve, 
 and end your woes with the sword. You, sister, subdued 
 by my tears, you first oppressed my distracted mind 
 with these woes, and exposed me to the enemy. Might 
 I not have led an innocent unwedded life, like a savage 
 of the field, and have avoided such cares ? I have vio- 
 lated the faith I plighted to the manes of Sichaeus. 
 
 Such heavy complaints she poured forth from her 
 heart, ^neas, determined to depart, was enjoying sleep 
 in the lofty stern, all things being now in readiness. The 
 form of the god, returning with the same aspect, ap- 
 peared to him in his sleep, and thus again seemed to 
 admonish him ; in every thing resembling Mercury, 
 in voice, complexion, golden locks, and comely youthful 
 limbs : Goddess-born, can you indulge in sleep at this 
 conjuncture? Infatuated, not to see what dangers in a 
 moment may beset you, nor listen to the breathing of 
 the friendly zephyrs I She, bent on death, is revolving 
 guileful purposes and horrid wickedness in her breast, 
 and fluctuates with a tide of angry passions. Will you 
 not fly hence with precipitation, while thus to fly is in 
 
106 
 
 B. IV. 566-59a 
 
 yonr power? Forthwith you shall behold the sea in 
 commotion with her oars, and torches fiercely blaze; 
 forthwith the shore lighted np with flames, if the morn- 
 ing reach you lingering on these coasts. Come then, 
 quick, break off delay : woman is a fickle and ever 
 changeable creature." This said, he mingled with the 
 sable night. 
 
 Then, indeed, ^neas, in consternation at this sudden 
 apparition, snatches his frame from the couch, and 
 rouses his companions : Awake, my mates, in haste, and 
 plant yourselves on the benches ; instantly unfurl the sails. 
 A god, despatched from the high heavens, once more 
 prompts me to hasten my departure, and cut the twisted 
 cables. We follow thee, O holy power, whoever thou 
 art, and once more with joy obey thy commands. Ah ! 
 be present, lend us thy propitious aid, and light up 
 friendly stars in the heavens. He said, and snatches his 
 keen flashing sword from the sheath, and cuts the hal- 
 sers with the drawn steel. The same eagerness at once 
 seizes them all : they hale, they hurry away : they have 
 quitted the shore : the sea lies hidden under the fleet ; 
 they with exerted vigour upturn the foaming billows, 
 and sweep the azure deep. 
 
 And now Aurora, leaving Tithonus' saffron bed, first 
 sowed the earth with new-born light : soon as the queen 
 from her watch-towers marked the dawn w^hitening, and 
 the fleet setting forward with balanced sails, and perceived 
 the shore and vacant port without a rower : thrice and 
 four times smiting her fair bosom, and tearing her golder 
 locks : O Jupiter 1 shall he go ? she says : and shall this 
 stranger mock my kingdom ? Will they not make ready 
 arms, and pursue from all the city? and will not others 
 tear my ships from the docks? Run quick, fetch flames, 
 unfurl the sails, ply the oars. What am I saying ? or where 
 
fc.iy. 595-622. ^NKID. 107 
 
 am I ? what madness turns my brain ? Unhappy Dido ! art 
 thou then at length stung with the sense of his foul impi- 
 ous deeds? Then it had become thee so to act, when 
 thou impartedst [to him] thy sceptre. Is this the honour, 
 the faith ! this [the man] who, they say, carries with him 
 his country's gods I who bore on his shoulders his father 
 spent with age ! Might I not have torn in pieces his 
 'mangled body, and strewn it on the waves? might I not 
 with the sword have destroyed his friends, Ascanius him- 
 self, and served him up for a banquet at his father's table ? 
 But the fortune of the fight was doubtful. Grant it had 
 been so : thus resolute on death, whom had I to fear? I-^^ 
 might have hurled firebrands into his camp, filled the 
 hatches with flames, extirpated the son, the sire, with the 
 whole race, and flung myself upon the pile. Thou Sun, 
 who with thy flaming beams surveyest all works on earth, 
 and thou, Juno, the author and witness of these my cares ; 
 Hecate, with howlings invoked through the cities in the 
 crossways by night ; and ye avenging Furies, and gods of 
 dying Klisa ! receive these my words ; in justice to my 
 wrongs, turn to me your divine regard, and hearken to 
 my prayers. If it must be, and Jove's decrees so require, 
 if this be his determination, that the execrable traitor 
 reach the port, and get safe to land : yet harassed, at least, 
 by war, and the hostilities of an audacious people, ex- 
 pelled from his own territories, torn from the embraces 
 of liilus, may he sue to others for relief, and see the igno- 
 minious deaths of his friends ; and after he shall have sub- 
 mitted to the terms of a disadvantageous peace, let him 
 neither enjoy his crown, nor the wished-for light, but die 
 before his time, and [lie] unburied in the midst of the 
 sandy shore. These are my prayers ; these the last words 
 I pour forth with my blood. You, too, O Tyrians, with ir- 
 reconcilable enmity, pursue his offspring and all his future 
 
108 
 
 B. IV. 623-654. 
 
 race, and present these offerings to my shade : let no 
 amity or leagues between the two nations subsist. Arise 
 some avenger from my ashes, who may persecute those 
 Trojan fugitives with fire and sword, now, hereafter, at 
 whatever time power shall be given. Let them take this 
 curse from me, that their shores, their waves, their arms, 
 and ours, may still be opposed to one another ; and may 
 their posterity too [and ours] be still in war engaged. 
 
 She said, and every way turned her shifting soul, seek- 
 ing, as soon as possible, to bereave herself of the hated 
 light. Then briefly thus she bespoke Barce, the nurse of 
 Sichseus (for the dark grave lodged her own in her native 
 country) : Dear nurse, call hither to me my sister Anna ; 
 bid her make haste to sprinkle her body with running 
 w^ater, and bring with her the victims and the things for 
 expiation of which I told her : thus let her come ; and you 
 yourself cover your temples with a holy fillet. I have a 
 mind to finish the sacrifice begun with proper rites, which 
 I have prepared for Jupiter Stygius, to put a period to my 
 miseries, and to commit to the flames the pile of the 
 Trojan, She said : the other quickened her pace with an 
 old woman's of&ciousness. 
 
 But Dido, trembling with agitation, and maddened on 
 account of her horrid purpose, rolling her blood-red eye- 
 balls, her throbbing cheeks suffused with spots, and all 
 pale with approaching death, burst into the gate of the 
 inner palace, and frantic mounts the lofty pile, and un- 
 sheaths the Trojan sword ; a present not provided for 
 i^uch purposes as these. Here, after she had viewed the 
 uVojan vestments and the conscious bed, having wept and 
 mused awhile, she threw herself on the bed, and spoke 
 her last words : Ye dear remains, while god and the fates 
 permitted, receive this soul, and free me froni these 
 cares. I have lived, and finished the race which fortune 
 
B. IV. 654-683. 
 
 ^NKID. 
 
 109 
 
 gave me. And now my ghost shall descend illnstrions to 
 the shades below : I have raised a glorious city, have seen 
 the walls of my own building, have avenged my husband, 
 punished an unnatural brother ; happy, ah ! too happy, 
 had but the Trojan ships never touched my shores ! She 
 said, and pressing her lips to the bed, Shall I die unre- 
 venged? But let me die, she says: thus, thus with 
 pleasure I descend to the shades below. I^et the cruel 
 Trojan from the sea feed his eyes with these flames, and 
 bear with him the omens of my death. She said ; and 
 while she spoke, her attendants perceive her fallen on 
 the sword, and the weapon stained with foaming gore, 
 and her hands besmeared. The outcry reaches the lofty 
 palace ; fame wildly flies through the alarmed city ; the 
 houses ring with lamentations, groans, and female yells, 
 and the sky resounds with loud shrieks : just as if all 
 Carthage, or ancient Tyre, in the hands of the invading 
 enemy, were falling to the ground, and the furious flames 
 were rolling over the tops of houses and temples. 
 
 Her sister was breathless at the news, and with trem- 
 bling haste, all aghast, tearing her face with her nails, 
 and [beating] her bosom with her hands, rushes through 
 the midst of the crowd, and calls her dying [sister] by 
 name : O sister, was this your meaning ? did you practice 
 thus to deceive me ? was this what I had to expect from 
 that pile, those fires and altars? Abandoned! where 
 shall I begin to complain ? Did you disdain a sister for 
 yoiar companion in death ? Had you invited me to the 
 same fate, one distress and one hour had snatched us both 
 away by the sword. Did I raise [that pile] with these 
 very hands, and with my voice invoke our country's 
 gods, that I should cruelly absent myself from you, thus 
 stretched upon it. Ah sister ! you have involved your- 
 self and me, your people, your Tyrian nobles, and your 
 
110 
 
 ^NEID. B, IV. 684-705. b. v. 1-2, 
 
 city, in one -common ruin. Let me bathe her wounds 
 with water, and catch with my lips, if there be yet any 
 straggling remains of breath. This said, she mounted 
 the high steps, and in her bosom embracing, cherished 
 her expiring sister with sighs, and dried up the black 
 blood with her robe. She essaying to lift her heavy eye^ 
 again sinks down. The wound deep fixed in her breast, 
 emits a bubbling noise. Thrice leaning on her elbow, 
 she made an effort to raise herself up ; thrice she fell 
 back on the bed, and with swimming eyes sought the 
 light of heaven, and having found it, heaved a groan. 
 
 Then all-powerful Juno, in pity to her lingering pain 
 and uneasy death, sent down Iris from heaven, to release 
 the struggling soul and the tie that bound it to the body : 
 for, since she neither fell by fate, nor by a deserved death, 
 but unhappily before her time, and maddened with sud- 
 den rage, Proserpina -had not yet cropped the yellow hair 
 from the crown of her head, and condemned her to Sty- 
 gian Pluto. Therefore dewy Iris, drawing a thousand 
 various colours from the opposite sun, shoots downward 
 through the sky on saffron wings, and alighted on her 
 head : I, by command, bear away this lock sacred to 
 Pluto, and disengage you from that body. She said, and 
 cut the lock with her right hand : at once all the vital 
 heat was extinguished, and life vanished into air. 
 
 BOOK V. 
 
 n the Fifth Book, ^neas sails from Carthage for Italy, but is forced by a 
 storm to revisit Drepanum in Sicily, where he celebrates the anniversary 
 if his father's death by various games and feats at arms. Here the 
 Trojan woman set fire to the fleet, which is saved by the interposition of 
 Jupiter, with the loss of four ships. After this event, ^neas pursues his 
 voyage to Italy, 
 
 Meanwhile, ^neas, in direct course, was now fairly 
 on his route with the fleet, and was cutting the black 
 
B.v.3-31. ^NKID. Ill 
 
 biUows before the wind, looking back to the walls which 
 now glare with the flames of unfortunate Klisa. What 
 cause may have kindled such a blaze is unknown ; but 
 the thought of those cruel agonies that arise from violent 
 love when injured, and the knowledge of what frantic 
 woman can do, led the minds of the Trojans through 
 dismal forebodings. 
 
 As soon as their ships held the main, and no more land 
 appears, sky all around, and ocean all around ; a dark 
 lead-coloured watery cloud stood over his head, bringing 
 on night, and storm ; and the waves became horrid in the 
 gloom. The pilot Palinurus himself from the lofty stern 
 [exclaims] : Ah I why have such threatening clouds 
 begirt the sky ? or what, O father Neptune, hast thou in 
 view? Thus having spoken, he next commands to furl 
 the sails, and ply the sturdy oars ; the bellying canvass 
 he turns askance to the wind, and thus speaks : Mag- 
 nanimous ^neas, should Jupiter on his authority assure 
 me, I could not hope to reach Italy in this weather. The 
 winds changed roar across our path, and arise thick from 
 the darkening west, and the air is condensed into cloud. 
 We are neither able to make head against [the storm], 
 nor even to withstand it : since fortune overpowers us, 
 let us follow her, and turn our course where she invites 
 us : the trusty shores of your brother Kryx, and the 
 Sicilian ports, I deem not far off, if I but rightly remem- 
 bering review the stars I observed before. Then the 
 pious^neas [said], I indeed have observed long ago 
 that the winds urge us to this, and that your contrary 
 efforts are in vain. Shift your course by the sails. Can 
 any land be more welcome to me, or where I would 
 sooner choose to put in my weather-beaten ships, than 
 that which preserves for me Trojan Acestes, and in its 
 womb contains the bones of my father Anchises ? This 
 
w^NElD. B. V. 32=59. 
 
 said, they make towards the port, and the prosperous 
 zephyrs stretch the sails : the fleet swiftly rides on the 
 flood ; and at length the joyous crew are wafted to the 
 well-known strand. But Acestes, from a mountain's 
 lofty summit, struck with the distant prospect of their 
 arrival, and at the friendly ships, comes up to them, all 
 -ough with javelins, and the hide of an African bear : 
 whom, begotten by the river Crinisius, a Trojan mother 
 bore. He, not unmindful of his origin, congratulates 
 them on their safe arrival, and cheerfully entertains them 
 with rude magnificence, and refreshes them fatigued 
 with friendly cheer. 
 
 When with the early dawn the ensuing bright day had 
 chased away the stars, ^neas summons to council his 
 followers from all the shore, and from the summit of a 
 rising ground addresses them : Illustrious Trojans, whose 
 descent is from the exalted blood of the gods, the annual 
 circle is completed, by the fulfilment of months, since 
 we lodged in the earth the relics and bones of my god- 
 like sire, and consecrated to him the altars of mourning. 
 And now the day, if I mistake not, is at hand, which I 
 shall always account a day of sorrow, always a day to be 
 honoured: such, ye gods, has been your pleasure. Were 
 I to pass this day in exile among the Syrtesof Getulia, or 
 overtaken [by it] on the Grecian Sea, or in the city of 
 Mycene, yet would I regularly perform my annual vows, 
 and the solemn funeral processions, and heap the altars 
 with their proper offerings. Now, without premeditated 
 design, though not, I judge, without the w^ill or the in- 
 fluence of the gods, we are come to the ashes and bones 
 of my own father, and are wafted to the friendly port 
 which we are now entering. Come then, and let us all 
 celebrate the joyous rites. Let us pray for [prosperous] 
 winds, and that, when our city is built, he will permi xiie 
 
B. V. 60-89. 
 
 113 
 
 to offer to him these rites annually in temples consecrated 
 to his honour. Acestes, a son of Troy, gives you two oxen 
 for each ship : invite to the feast your household and 
 country gods, and those whom our host Acestes worships. 
 Further, if the ninth morning shall bring forth the day 
 fair and serene to mortals, and brighten up the world with 
 'ts beams, I will propose to the Trojans the first trial of 
 skill to be with the swiftest of their ships. And whoever 
 excels in running, in strength who boldly dares, or moves 
 superior in the javelin, and the light arrows, or who has 
 courage to encounter with the bloody cestus ; let all such 
 be ready at hand, and expect prizes of victory suitable to 
 their merit. Do ye all keep religious guard over your 
 lips, and encircle your temples with boughs. 
 
 This said, he crowns his temples with his mother's 
 myrtle. The same does Elymus ; the same Acestes 
 ripened in years ; the same the boy Ascanius, whose ex- 
 ample the other youths follow. He went from the as- 
 sembly to the tomb with many thousands, in the centre 
 of a numerous retinue attending. Here in due form, by 
 way of libation, he pours on the ground to Bacchus two 
 bowls of wine, two of new milk, two of sacred blood ; 
 then scatters blooming flowers, and thus speaks : Hail, 
 holy sire ! once more hail, ye ashes revisited in vain ! ye 
 ghosts and shades of my father ! Heaven would not al- 
 Ipw us to go together in quest of the bounds of Italy, 
 and of the lands alloted to me by fate, or the Ausonian Ti- 
 ber, whatever river that is. He said ; when from the 
 bottom of the shrine a huge slippery snake trailed along, 
 seven circling spires, seven folds, gently twining round 
 the tomb, and gliding over the altars ; whose back azure 
 streaks, and whose scales drops of burnished gold bright- 
 ened up ; as the bow in the clouds draws a thousand 
 various colours from the opposite sun. ^neas stood 
 
114 
 
 B. V. 91-117. 
 
 amazed at the sight. At length the reptile, creening 
 with his long train between the bowls and smooth-pol- 
 ished goblets, gently tasted the banquet, and harmless 
 retired again into the bottom of the tomb, and left the 
 altars on which he had fed. ^neas with the more zeal 
 pursues the sacrifice begun in honour of his father, in 
 doubt whether to think it the genius of the place, or the 
 attendant of his parent. He sacrificed five ewes, two 
 years old, according to the custom ; as many sows, as 
 many bullocks with sable backs : and he poured out wine 
 from the goblets, and invoked the soul of great Anchises, 
 and his ghost from Acheron released. In like manner 
 his companions offer gifts, with joy, each according to 
 his ability ; they load the altars, and sacrifice bullocks. 
 Others place the brazen caldrons in order, and, stretched 
 along the grass, apply burning coals under the spits, and 
 roast the flesh. 
 
 Now the wished-for day approached, and the steeds of 
 the sun ushering in the ninth morning with serene sky ; 
 fame, and the renown of illustrious Acestes, had drawn 
 together the neighborhood. They filled the shores with 
 joyous crowd, some to see the Trojans, some, too, pre- 
 pared to try their skill. The prizes first are set before 
 their eyes in the midst of the circus ; sacred tripods, 
 green garlands, and palms, the reward of the conquer- 
 ors ; arms, and vestments of purple dye, two talents, one 
 of gold and one silver : and the trumpet from the midst 
 of the rising ground gives the signal that the games are 
 begun. 
 
 Four ships selected from the whole fleet, equally 
 matched with ponderous oars, first enter the lists. Mnes- 
 theus manages the swift-sailing Pristis, with stout rowers, 
 [destined] soon [to be] the Italian Mnestheus, from which 
 name the family of Memmius is derived ; Gyas, the huge 
 
B. V. 118-148 
 
 ^NKID. 
 
 115 
 
 Chimera of stupendous bulk, a work like a city, which with 
 . a triple tier the Trojan youth inpel ; the oars rise together 
 m-i triple row. Sergestus, from whom the Sergian family 
 V Vs its name, rides in the bulky Centaur ; and Cloanthus 
 ih the sea-green Scylla, from whom, O Roman Cluentius, 
 is thy descent. Far in the sea there lies a rock opposite 
 to the foaming shore, which, sometimes overwhelmed, is 
 buffeted by the swelling surges, when the wintry north- 
 west winds overcloud the stars : in a calm it lies hushed, 
 and rises above the still wave as a plain, and a delightful 
 station for the cormorants basking in the sun. Here 
 father ^neas erected a verdant goal of branching oak for 
 a signal to the mariners ; whence they might know to 
 turn back, and whence to wind about the long circuits. 
 Then they choose their places by lot ; and on the poops 
 the leaders, adorned with gold and purple, shine from 
 afar with distinguished lustre. The rest of the youth are 
 crowned with poplar wreathes, and glitter, having their 
 naked shoulders besmeared with oil. They sit down side 
 by side on the benches, and their arms are stretched to 
 the oars : with eager attention they wait the signal, and 
 their throbbing hearts beat heavily with the impulse of 
 fear, and the generous thirst of praise. Then, as soon as 
 the loud trumpet gave the signal, all (there is no delay) 
 started from their barrier : the seaman's clamour strikes 
 the skies ; and the seas, upturned by their in-bent arms, 
 ' foam. At once they plough the watery furrows ; and the 
 whole deep opens, convulsed with oars and trident beaks. 
 Not with such violent speed the coursers in the two-yoked 
 chariot-race spring to the field, and start with full career 
 from the goal ; nor with such ardour do the charioteers 
 shake the waving reins over the flying steeds, and, bend- 
 ing forward, hang to [give] the lash. Then, with the 
 applause and uproar of the seamen, and the eager accia- 
 
116 
 
 B. V. 149-178. 
 
 mations of the favouring crowd, every grove resounds : 
 the bounded shores roll the voices on ; the lashed hills 
 re-echo the sound. Amidst the bustle and uproar, Gyas 
 flies out before the rest, and scuds away the foremost on 
 the waves : whom next Cloanthus follows, a more skilful 
 rower, but the vessel, sluggish through its bulk, retards 
 him. After these, at equal distance, the Pristis and Cen- 
 taur strive to gain the foremost place. And now the 
 Pristis has the advantage, now the huge Centaur gets be- 
 fore her vanquished [antagonist] ; anon both advance 
 together with united fronts, and with their long keels 
 plough the briny waves. And now they were approach- 
 ing the rock, and had reached the goal, when Gyas the 
 foremost, and [hitherto] victorious, thus in mid-sea ac- 
 costs Menoetes, the pilot of his ship : Whither, I pray, 
 are you going so far to the right ? this way steer your 
 course ; keep to the shore, and let the oar graze upon the 
 rocks to the left: let others stand out to sea. He said : 
 but Menoetes, dreading the hidden rocks, turns out his 
 prow towards the waves. Gyas with loud voice called to 
 him again, Menoetes, whither are you steering opposite? 
 once more, I say, keep to the rocks : and lo ! he espies 
 Cloanthus pressing on his rear, and keeping a nearer com- 
 pass. He, between Gyas' ship and the roaring rocks, 
 brushes along the left-hand path on the inside, and sud- 
 denly gets a-head of him who was before, and leaving the 
 goal, gains the safe seas. Then indeed severe grief blazed 
 up in the inmost vitals of the youth : nor were his cheeks 
 free from tears ; and regardless both of his own dignity 
 and the safety of his friends, he hurls dastardly MenoeteS^ 
 headlong from the lofty stern into the sea^'^^/Himself suc- 
 ceeds to the helm both as pilot and commander ; encour- 
 ages his men, and turns his rudder to the shore. But 
 when encumbered Menoetes with difficulty at length had 
 
B. V. 179-206. 
 
 ^ne:id. 
 
 117 
 
 risen from the deep bottom, being now in years, and 
 languid by reason of his wet garments, he crawls up to 
 the summit of the rock, and sat down oc the dry cliff. 
 The Trojans laughed both to see him fall, and to see him 
 swimming ; and they renew their laughter when from his 
 breast he vomits up the briny wave. Here Sergestus and 
 Mnestheus, the two last, were fired with joyous hope to 
 outstrip Gyas lagging behind. Sergestus gets the start, 
 and makes up to the rock, nor yet had he the advantage 
 by the whole length of the ship, only by a part : the rival 
 Pristis partly presses him with her beak. But Mnes- 
 theus on the mid-deck walking among his crew animates 
 them : My Hectorean bands, whom I chose associates in 
 Troy's last fatal hour, now, now with keenness ply your 
 oars ; now exert that vigour, now that soul of which 
 you were masters in the quicksands of Getulia, in the 
 Ionian Sea, and on Malea's coast, where waves succeeding 
 waves pursued us. Your Mnestheus aspires not now to 
 the foremost place, nor contends for the victory : though 
 would to heaven ! but may those conquer to whom thou, 
 O Neptune, hast given that boon. I^et us be ashamed to 
 come in the last. Surmount, my countrymen, and repel 
 that criminal disgrace. They bend to the oar with the 
 greatest emulation: the brazen-beaked galley trembles 
 with the vast strokes, and the [watery] surface flies from 
 under them. Then thick panting shakes their limbs and 
 parched jaws : sweat flows from every pore in rivulets. 
 Mere chance procured the men the wished-for honour : 
 for while Sergestus, between Mnestheus and the goal, in 
 his furious career, is pressing up the head of the ship to 
 the rocks, and steers in a disadvantageous place, he 
 unluckily stuck among the jutting rocks. The cliffs are 
 shaken, and on a sharp reef the struggling oars were 
 loudly snapped, and the prow dashed against [the rocks] 
 
118 
 
 -^ne:id. 
 
 5. y. 207-235. 
 
 Stood suspended. The mariners arise together, and with 
 great clamour desist ; and apply stakes shod with iron, 
 and poles with sharpened points, and gather up their 
 shattered oars on the stream. Meanwhile Mnestheus re- 
 joiced, and more animated by this same success, with the 
 nimble march of the oars, and winds called to his aid, cuts 
 the easy waves, and scuds away on the open sea. As a 
 pigeon , whose nest and darling young are in some harbour- 
 ing rock, suddenly scared from her covert, flies away 
 into the fields, and, starting in a fright, gives a loud flap- 
 ping with her wings against the nest; then, shooting 
 through the calm, still air, skims along the liquid way, nor 
 moves her noble pinions : thus Mnestheus, thus the Pris- 
 tis herself in her career, cuts the utmost boundary of the 
 watery plain ; thus the mere vehemence of her motion 
 carries her forward in her flying course. And first she 
 leaves behind, her Sergestus struggling against the high 
 rocks and scanty shallows, in vain imploring aid, and try- 
 ing to row on with shattered oars. Then he overtakes 
 Gyas, and Chimera's self of mighty bulk : she yields, be- 
 cause she is deprived of her pilot. And now, in the very 
 end of the course, Cloanthus alone is before him : whom 
 he endeavours to reach, and, straining with the utmost 
 vigour, pursues. Then, indeed, the shouts redouble, and 
 all, with hearty applauses, stimulate him in the pursuit, 
 and the sky resounds with roaring acclamations. These 
 are fired with indignation, lest they should lose their pos- 
 session of glory and the honour they have won ; and they 
 are willing to barter life for renown. Those success cher- 
 ishes ; they are able because they seem to be able. And, 
 perhaps, they had both gained the prize with equalled 
 beaks, had not Cloanthus, stretching out his hands to the 
 sea, poured forth prayers and invoked the gods to hi^ 
 vows: Ye gods, to whom belongs the empire of tb'' 
 
B. V. 236-266. 
 
 119 
 
 main, over whose seas I sail, I, bound by vow, will joy- 
 ously present before your altars a snow-white bull on this 
 shore, and cast forth the entrails on the briny wave [as 
 an offering to you], and make a libation of pure wine. 
 He said ; and the whole choir of the Nereids and Phor- 
 cus, and the virgin Panopea, heard him from the bottom 
 of the waves; and father Portunus himself, with his 
 mighty hand, pushed on the galley in her course. She 
 flies to land swifter than the south wind, and the winged 
 arrow, and lodged herself in the harbour's deep recess. 
 Then Anchises' son, having assembled all in form, pro- 
 claims Cloanthus conqueror, by the loud voice of the 
 herald, and crowns his temples with verdant laurel ; al- 
 lows him the choice of three bullocks as presents for' the 
 galleys, and gives him wine and a great talent of silver to 
 carry away. On the leaders themselves he confers pe- 
 culiar honours : to the conqueror he presents a mantle 
 embroidered with gold, round which a thick fringe of 
 Melibean purple ran in a double maze, and where the 
 royal boy [Ganymede] inwoven pursues, with darts and 
 full career, the fleet stags on woody Ida, eager, seeming 
 to pant for breath ; ^ whom Jove's swift armour-bearer, 
 with his crooked talons, snatched aloft from Ida. The 
 aged keepers in vain stretch out their hands to the stars, 
 and the baying of the hounds rages to the skies:^^^' 
 him who by his merit won the second place, he givds to 
 wear a coat of mail, thick set with polished rings, and 
 wrought in gold with a triple tissue, which he himself 
 victorious had torn from Demoleus by rapid Simois under 
 lofty Ilium : to be his ornament and defence in war. The 
 servants, Phegeus and Sagaris, with united force, scarcely 
 bore the cumbrous [armour] on their shoulders : but De^ 
 moleus, formerly clad therein, used to chase before him 
 the straggling Trojans. For the third present he 
 6 
 
120 
 
 B V. 267-297. 
 
 Stows two caldrons of brass, and silver bowls of finished 
 work, and rough with figures. And thus now all re- 
 warded, and elated with their wealth, were moving along, 
 having their temples bound with scarlet fillets, when 
 Sergestus brought up his hooted galley without honour, 
 hardly with much art disentangled from the cruel rock^ 
 with the loss of her oars, and in one tier quite disabled. 
 As often a serpent surprised in the highway, (which a 
 brazen w^heel hath gone athwart, or a traveller, coming 
 heavy with a blow, hath left half dead and mangled by a 
 stone,) attempting in vain to fly, shoots his body in long 
 wreaths ; in one part fierce, darting fire from his eyes, 
 and rearing aloft his hissing neck ; the other part, 
 maimed with the wound, retards him, twisting [his body] 
 in knots, and winding himself up on his own limbs: 
 with such kind of steerage the ship slowly moved along : 
 her sails, however, she expands, and enters the port with 
 full sail, ^neas gladly confers on Sergestus the prom- 
 ised reward for preserving the vessel, and bringing the 
 crew safe back. To him is given a female slave, not un- 
 skilful in the works of Minerva, Pholoe, a Cretan by ex- 
 traction, with her two children on the breast. 
 
 This game being over, pious ^neas advances to a 
 grassy plain, which woods on winding hills enclosed 
 around ; and in the mid valley was the circuit of a the- 
 atre, whither the hero, in the midst of many thousands, 
 repaired, and took a high seat. Here he offers inviting 
 rewards to those who chanced to be inclined to enter the 
 lists in the rapid race, and exhibits the prizes. The Tro- 
 jans and Sicilians, in mingled throngs, convene from 
 every quarter : Nisus and Kuryalus the first : Kuryalus, 
 distinguished by his lovely form and blooming youth ; 
 Nisus, by his true affection for the boy : whom next Di- 
 ores followed, a royal youth of Priam's illustrious line. 
 
B.v. 298-330. 
 
 121 
 
 After him Salius, and with him Patron ; of whom the 
 one was an Acarnanian, the other from Arcadia, of the 
 blood of the Tegaean race. Next two Sicilian youths, 
 Klymiis and Panopes, trained to the woods, the compan- 
 ions of aged Acestes ; and many more besides, whom 
 fame hath buried in obscurity. In the midst of whom 
 thus ^neas spoke : Mark these my words, and attend 
 with joy : none of this throng shall go unrewarded by 
 me. Two bright Gnossian darts of polished steel, and a 
 carved battle-axe of silver, I will give [each man] to bear 
 away. This honour shall be conferred equally on all. 
 The first three shall receive prizes, and shall have their 
 heads bound with swarthy olive. I^et the first conqueror 
 have a steed adorned with rich trappings ; the second an 
 Amazonian quiver full of Thracian arrows, which a broad 
 belt of gold around embraces, and a buckle clasps with a 
 tapering gem : and let the third content himself with 
 this Grecian helmet. When he had thus said they take 
 their respective places, and upon hearing the signal, start 
 in a trice, and quit the barrier, darting forward like a 
 tempest : at the same time they mark the goal. Nisus 
 gets the start, and springs away far before the rest, out- 
 flying the winds and winged lightning. Next to him, 
 but next by a long interval, follows Salius : then after 
 him Kuryalus, with some space left [between them] ; and 
 Klymus follows Euryalus ; close by whose side, lo ! 
 next Diores flies, and now jostles heel with heel, press- 
 ing on his shoulder; and, had more stages remained, 
 he had skipped away before him, or left the victory 
 dubious. And now they were almost in the utmost 
 bound, and, exhausted, were approaching towards the 
 very goal; when unhappy Nisus slides in a slippery 
 puddle of blood, as by chance it had been shed on the 
 ground from victims slain, and soaked the verdant grass. 
 
122 
 
 B. V. 331-359. 
 
 Here the youth, aheady flushed with the joy of vic- 
 tory, could not support his tottering steps on the ground 
 he trod, but fell headlong amidst the noisome filth and 
 sacred gore. He, however, was not then forgetful of 
 Buryalus, nor of their mutual affection ; for, as he rose 
 from the slippery mire, he opposed himself to Salius : he 
 again, tumbling backward, lay prostrate on the clammy 
 sand. Buryalus springs forward, and victorious by the 
 kindness of his friend, holds the foremost place, and flies 
 with favouring applause and acclamation. Klymus comes 
 in next ; and Diores, now [entitled to] the third prize. 
 Here Salius fills the whole assembly of the ample pit, and 
 the front seats of the fathers, with loud outcries, and de- 
 mands the prize to be given to himself, from whom it was 
 snatched away by unfair means. The favour [of the spec- 
 tators] befriends Buryalus, and his graceful tears, and 
 merit that appears more lovely in a comely person. 
 Diores aids him, and exclaims with bawling voice ; who 
 succeeded to a prize, and had a claim to the last reward in 
 vain, if the first honours be given to Salius. Then father 
 ^neas said : Your rewards, youths, stand fixed, and none 
 shall turn the prize out of its due course : give me leave 
 to compassionate the disaster of my innocent friend. 
 This said, he gives to Salius the huge hide of a Getulian 
 lion, ponderous with shaggy fur and gilt claws. Upon 
 this Nisus says. If to the vanquished such rewards be 
 given, and your pity be extended to those that fell, what 
 gifts are due to Nisus? [to me,] who by my merit won 
 the- first prize, had not the same unkind fortune which 
 bore Salius down overpowered me. And with these 
 words he at the same time showed his face and limbs 
 besmeared with oozy filth. The excellent father smiled 
 on his plight, and ordered the buckler to be produced 
 Didymaon's ingenious work, torn down by the Greeks 
 
B. V. 36Q-390. 
 
 123 
 
 from the sacred posts of Neptune's temple. With this 
 signal present he rewards the illustrious youth. 
 
 Next, when the race was finished, and the prizes were 
 distributed : Now, [says he,] whoever he may be in whose 
 breast courage and resolution dwell, let him stand forth, 
 and raise aloft his arms, having his hands bound [with the 
 cestus]. He said, and proposes a double prize for the 
 combat: to the conqueror a bullock decked with gold 
 and fillets ; a sword and shining helm, the solace of the 
 vanquished. Without delay, Dares shows his face with 
 strength prodigious, and rears himself amidst the loud 
 murmurs of the spectators ; he who alone was wont to 
 enter the lists with Paris ; the same at the tomb where 
 mighty Hector lies, struck down victorious Butes of 
 mighty frame, who boasted his descent from the race of 
 Amycus, king of Bebrycia, and stretched him gasping on 
 the tawny sand. Such Dares uprears his lofty head first 
 in the lists, and presents his broad shoulders, and in alter- 
 nate throws brandishes his arms around, and beats the air 
 with his fists.-^or him a match is sought ; nor dares one 
 of all that numerous crowd encounter him, and draw the 
 gauntlets on his hands. Elated, therefore, and imagining 
 that all had quitted pretension to the prize, he stood 
 before Eneas' feet: and then, without further delay, 
 with his left hand he seizes the bull by the horns, and 
 thus speaks : Goddess-born, if no one will dare to trust 
 himself to the combat, where will be the end of hanging 
 on? how long must I be detained? Order the presents 
 to be brought. At the same time all the Trojans mur- 
 mured their consent, and ordered the promised prizes to 
 be delivered to him. Then venerable Acestes thus chides 
 Kntellus, as he sat beside him on the verdant grassy 
 couch : Bntelkis, in vain [reputed] the stoutest of cham- 
 pions once, will you then suffer so great prizes to be 
 
124 ^NEID. B V. 391-420. 
 
 carried off without any contest ? Where is now that god 
 of ours, Kryx, whom you in vain gave out to be your 
 master ? where is y-our fame through all Trinacria ? where 
 the spoils that used to hang from your roof? He to this 
 immediately [replies] : It is not that my thirst of praise 
 is gone, or my glory has departed, driven away by fear : 
 but my frozen blood languishes through enfeebling age, 
 and the strength worn out in my body is benumbed. 
 Did I but now enjoy that youth which once I had, and 
 wherein that varlet triumphs with vain confidence, then 
 would I have taken the field ; not indeed induced by 
 the prize of this fair bullock, for I regard not rewards. 
 Thus having spoken, he then throws into the midst a 
 pair of gauntlets of huge weight ; wherewith fierce 
 Bryx was wont to engage in the fight, and to brace his 
 arms with the stubborn hide. Amazement seized their 
 minds. Seven huge thongs of such vast oxen lay stiffen- 
 ing with lead and iron sewed within. Above all Dares 
 himself stands aghast, and utterly declines the combat : 
 and the magnanimous son of Anchises this way and that 
 way poises the weight and the complicated folds of the 
 gauntlets. Then the aged champion thus spake from his 
 soul : What if any [of you] had seen the gauntlet and 
 arms of Hercules himself, and the bloody combat on this 
 very shore ? These arms your brother Kryx formerly 
 wore. You see them yet stained with blood and shat- 
 tered brains. With these he stood against great Alcides : 
 with these I was wont [to combat], while better blood 
 supplied me with strength, nor envious age as yet had 
 scattered grey hairs over my temples. But if Trojan Dares 
 decline these our arms, and if the pious ^neas be so 
 determined, and Acestes, who prompts me [to the fight], 
 approve, let us be equally matched : To oblige you, I lay 
 aside the weapons of Kryx ; dismiss your fears, and do 
 
B. V. 420-150. 
 
 125 
 
 you put off your Trojau gauntlets. This said, he flung 
 from his shoulders his double vest, and bared his huge 
 limbs, his big bones and sinewy arms, and stood forth of 
 mighty frame in the middle of the field. Then the sire, 
 sprung from Anchises, brought forth equal gauntlets, and 
 bound both their hands with equal arms. Forthwith each 
 on his tiptoes stood erect, and undaunted raised his arms 
 aloft in the air. Far from the blow they backward with- 
 drew their towering heads : now hand to hand they join 
 in close encounter, and provoke the fight ; the one having 
 the advantage in agility of foot , and relying on his youth ; 
 the other surpassing in limbs and bulk ; but his feeble 
 knees sunk under his trembling body : his difficult breath- 
 ing shakes his vast frame. The heroes deal many blows 
 to one another with erring aim, and many on the hollow 
 sides redouble ; from their, breasts [the thumps] resound 
 aloud, and round their ears and temples thick strokes at 
 random fly; their jaws crackle under the heavy blow. 
 ^Kntellus stands stiff" and unmoved in the same firm pos- 
 'ture, only with his body and watchful eyes evades the 
 strokes. The other, as one who besieges a lofty city with 
 batteries, or under arms besets a mountain fortress, ex- 
 plores now these, now those approaches, and artfully 
 traverses the whole ground, and pursues his attack with 
 various assaults, still baffled. Bntellus, rising on tiptoe, 
 extended his right arm, and lifted it on high : the other 
 nimbly foresaw the blow descending from above, and 
 with agility of body shifting, slipped from under it. Bn- 
 tellus spent his strength on the wind ; and, both by the 
 force of his own natural weight, and the violence of the 
 motion, falls to the ground of himself with his heavy 
 bulk; as sometimes, on Frymanthtis or spacious Ida, a 
 hollow pine torn from the roots tumbles down at once. 
 The Trojan and Sicilian youth rise together with eager 
 
1261 
 
 V, 451-480. 
 
 feelings : their acclamations pierce the skies ; and Acestes 
 first advances in haste, and in pity raises from the ground 
 his friend of equal age. But the hero, not disabled nor 
 daunted by his fall, returns to the combat more fierce, 
 and indignation rouses his spirit : then shame and con- 
 scious worth set all the powers of his soul on fire ; and 
 inflamed he drives Dares headlong over the whole plain, 
 redoubling blows on blows, sometimes with the right hand, 
 sometimes with the left. No stop, no stay : as thick 
 showers of hail come rattling down on the house-tops, so 
 with thick repeated blows, the hero thumps Dares with 
 each hand, and tosses him hither and thither. Then 
 father ^neas suffered not their fury longer to exert 
 itself, nor Kntellus to rage with such fierce animosity ; 
 but put an end to the combat, and rescued Dares quite 
 overpowered, soothing him with words, and bespeaks 
 him in these terms : Unhappy ! what strong infatuation 
 possessed your mind? Are you not sensible of [his hav-, 
 ing] foreign assistance, and that the gods have changed 
 sides ? Yield to the deity. He said, and by his word put 
 an end to the combat. As for Dares, his trusty compan- 
 ions conduct him to the ships, dragging his feeble limbs, 
 and tossing his head to either side, disgorging from his 
 throat clotted gore, and teeth mingled with his blood ; 
 and, at ^neas' call, they take the helmet and sword, leave 
 the palm and bull to Kntellus. At this the conqueror, in 
 soul elated, and proud of the bull, says : Goddess-born, 
 and ye Trojans, hence know both what strength I have 
 had in my youthful limbs, and from what death you have 
 saved Dares. He said, and stood against the front of the 
 opposite bull that was set for the prize of the combat, and 
 rearing himself up, with his right hand drawn back, 
 levelled the cruel gauntlets directly between the horns, 
 and, battering the skull, drove through the bones. Down 
 
B. V. 481-512. 
 
 127 
 
 drops the ox, and, in the pangs of death, falls sprawling 
 to the ground. Over him he utters these words : This 
 life, more acceptable, O Bryx, I give thee in exchange 
 for Dares' death ; here, victorious, I lay down the gaunt- 
 le^ts with my art. 
 
 ^neas forthwith invites such as may be willing to try 
 their skill with the swift arrow, and sets prizes : and with 
 his mighty hand raises a mast taken from Serestus' ship, 
 and from the high mast hangs a fluttering dove by a rope 
 thrust through at which they may aim their shafts. The 
 competitors assemble ; and a brazen helmet received the 
 shuffled lots. The lot of Hippocoon, the son of Hyrtacus, 
 comes out first of all with favouring shouts ; whom follows 
 Mnestheus, lately victor in the naval strife, Mnestheus, 
 crowned with green olive. The third is Kurytion, the 
 brother, illustrious Pandarus, of thee, who, once urged to 
 violate the treaty, didst first hurl thy dart into the midst 
 of the Greeks. Acestes remained the last, and in the bot- 
 tom of the helmet ; he too adventuring with his [aged] 
 hand to essay the feats of youth. Then with stout force 
 they bend their pliant bows, each man according to his 
 ability, and draw forth their arrows from their quivers. 
 And first the arrow of young Hyrtacus' son, shot through 
 the sky from the whizzing string, cleaves the fleeting air, 
 both reaches [the mark], and fixes in the wood of the 
 opposite mast. The mast quivered ; and the frighted bird, 
 by its wings, showed signs of fear ; and all quarters rang 
 with loud applause. Next keen Mnestheus stood with his 
 bow close drawn, aiming on high, and directed his eye 
 and arrow both together. But it was his misfortune not 
 to be able to hit the bird itself with his shaft ; he burst 
 the cords and hempen ligaments to which it hung tied by 
 the foot from the high mast. She with winged speed shot 
 into the air and dusky clouds. Then Eurytion in eager 
 6« 
 
128 
 
 B. Vc 513-544 
 
 haste, having his arrow long before extended on the ready 
 bow, poured forth a vow to his brother [Pandanis] , as he 
 now beheld the joyful dove in the void sky, and pierced 
 her under a dark cloud as she was clapping her wings. 
 She dropped down dead, and left her life among the stars 
 of heaven ; and, falling to the ground; brings back tha 
 arrow fastened [in the wound], Acestes alone remained 
 after the prize was lost ; who, notwithstanding, discharged 
 his shaft into the aerial regions, the sire displaying both 
 his address and twanging bow. Here is unexpectedly 
 presented to view a prodigy, designed to be of high por- 
 tent ; this the important event afterwards declared, and 
 the alarming soothsayers predicted the omens late. For 
 the arrow, flying among the watery clouds, took fire, and 
 with the flames marked out a path, till, being quite con- 
 sumed, it vanished into thin air ; as often stars loosened 
 from the firmament shoot across, and flying draw [after 
 them] a train of light. The Sicilians and Trojans stood 
 fixed in astonishment, and besought the gods ; nor does 
 mighty ^neas reject the omen, but, embracing Acestes 
 overjoyed, loads him with ample rewards, and thus be- 
 speaks him : Accept these, O sire, for the great king of 
 heaven, by these omens, has signified his will, that you 
 receive the honour [of the victory, though] out of course. 
 This gift, which belonged to aged Anchises' self, you shall 
 possess ; a bowl embossed with figures, which Thracian 
 Cisseus formerly gave for a magnificent present to my 
 sire, as a monument and pledge of his love. This said, 
 he crowns his temples with verdant laurel, and in view of 
 all pronounces Acestes the first conqueror. Nor does 
 good Kurytion envy him the preference in honour, though 
 he alone struck down the bird from the exalted sky. He 
 next comes in for a prize, who broke the cords ; the la^t 
 is he who pierced the mast with his winged shaft. 
 
B. V. 545-576. 
 
 12S 
 
 But father ^neas, the games not bemg yet ended, calls 
 to him the son of Bpytus, young lulus' guardian and com- 
 panion, and thus whispers in his trusty ear : Go quick, says 
 he, desire Ascanius (if he has now gotten ready with him his 
 company of boys, and has arranged the movements of the 
 horses) to bring up his troops, and show himself in arms 
 in honour of his grandsire. He himself orders the crowd 
 to remove from the extended circus, and the field to be 
 cleared. The boys advance in procession, and uniformly 
 shine on the bridled steeds full in their parents' sight ; in 
 admiration of whom, as they career along, the whole Trojan 
 and Trinacrian youth join in acclamations. All in due 
 form had their hair pressed with a trim garland. They 
 bear two cornel spears pointed with steel ; some have 
 polished quivers on their shoulders. A pliant circle of 
 wreathed gold goes from the upper part of their breasts 
 about their necks. Three troops of horsemen, and three 
 leaders, range over the plain : twelve striplings following 
 each, shine in a separate body, and with commanders 
 equally matched. One band of youths young Priam, 
 bearing his grandsire's name, leads triumphant ; thy 
 illustrious offspring, O Polites, who shall one day do 
 honour to the Italians, whom a Thracian courser bears, 
 dappled with white spots ; the fetlocks of his foremost 
 feet are white, and, tossing his head aloft, he displays a 
 white front. The second is Atys, from whom the Attii of 
 Rome have derived their origin ; little Atys, a boy be- 
 loved by the boy liilus. liilus the last, and in beauty dis- 
 tinguished from all the rest, rode on a Sidonian steeJ 
 which fair Dido had given him as a monument and pledge 
 of her love. The rest of the youths ride on Trinacrian 
 horses of aged Acestes. The Trojans with shouts of ap- 
 plause receive them anxious [for honour] , and are well- 
 pleased with the sight, and recognise the features of the 
 
130 
 
 B. V 577-602. 
 
 aged sires. Now when the joyous youths had paraded on 
 horseback round the whole ring, and full in their parents' 
 view, Kpyttis' son, from afar, gave a signal to them by a 
 shout, as they stood ready, and clanked with the lash. 
 They broke away in parted order, keeping the same 
 front, and broke up the troops into separate bands by 
 threes ; and again, upon summons given, they wheeled 
 about, and bore their hostile spears [on one another]. 
 Then they again advance, and again retreat in their oppo- 
 site grounds, and alternately involve intricate circles 
 within circles, and call up the representation of a fight in 
 arms. And now flying they expose their defenceless 
 backs ; now in hostile manner turn their darts [on each 
 other] : now, peace being made up, they are borne along 
 together. As of old in lofty Crete was a labyrinth famed 
 for having had an alley formed by dark intricate walls, 
 and a puzzling maze with a thousand avenues, where a 
 [single] mistake, unobserved, but not to be retraced, 
 frustrated the marks for guiding one on the way ; in just 
 such course the sons of the Trojans involve their motions, 
 and with intricate movement represent fighting and fly- 
 ing in sport ; like dolphins, that, swimming through 
 the watery deep, cut the Carpathian or Ivibyan Sea, and 
 gambol amid the waves. This manner of tilting, and 
 those mock fights, Ascanius first renewed, and taught the 
 ancient Latins to celebrate, when he was enclosing Alba 
 Tonga with walls : as he himself, when a boy, as the 
 Trojan youth with him [had practised them], so the 
 Albans taught their posterity ; hence, in after times, im- 
 perial Rome received them, and preserved the same in 
 honour of her ancestors : and at this day it is called [the 
 game of] Troy, and the boys [that perform it], the Trojan 
 band. 
 
B. v. 603-631. 
 
 131 
 
 Thus far the trials of skill were exhibited [by ^neas in 
 honour] of his sanctified sire. Here shifting Fortune, 
 changing, first altered her faith. While they are celebrat- 
 ing the anniversary festival at the tomb with various games, 
 Saturnian Juno despatched Iris from heaven to the Trojan 
 fleet, and with the fanning winds speeds her on her way, 
 forming many plots, and having not yet glutted her old 
 revenge. The virgin goddess accelerating her way, seen 
 by none, amidst the bow with a thousand colours, shoots 
 down the path with nimble motion. She descries the vast 
 concourse ; then surveying the shore, sees the port de- 
 serted, and the fleet deserted. But at a distance the Tro^ 
 jan dames apart were mourning the loss of Anchises on 
 the desolate shore, and all of them with tears in their eyea 
 viewed the deep ocean : Ah ! that so many shoals, such a 
 length of sea should still remain for us after all our toils ! 
 was the sole complaint of all. They pray for a city, are 
 sick of enduring the hardships of the main. Therefore 
 she, not unpractised in mischief, throws herself into the 
 midst of them, and lays aside the mien and vesture of 
 a goddess. She assumes the figure of Beroe, the aged 
 wife of Thracian Doryclus, who was of noble birth, and 
 once had renown, and offspring. And thus she joins in 
 discourse with the Trojan matrons : Ah ! unhappy we, who 
 were not dragged forth to death in the war by the Grecian 
 host under our native walls ! Ill-fated race ! for what mi-.- 
 erable doom does fortune reserve you? The seventh sum- 
 mer since the destruction of Troy is already rolled away, 
 while we, having measured all lands and seas, so many 
 inhospitable rocks and barbarous climes, are driven about ; 
 while along the wide ocean we pursue an ever-fleeing 
 Italy, and are tossed on the waves. Here are the realms 
 of his brother Kryx, and his friend Acestes : who prevents 
 our founding walls, and giving our citizens a city? Ah, 
 
132 
 
 B. V. 632-662. 
 
 my country, and our gods in vain saved from the enemy ! 
 shall a city never more rise to be named from Troy ? Shall I 
 never see the Hectorean rivers, Xanthus and Simois ? Nay, 
 rather come, and burn with me our cursed ships. For in my 
 sleep the ghost of the prophetess Cassandra seems to pre- 
 sent me with flaming brands : Here, says she, seek for 
 Troy, here is your fixed residence. Now is the time for 
 action. Nor let there be delay after such signs from 
 heaven. I^o ! here are four altars to Neptune : the god 
 himself supplies us with fire-brands, and with courage 
 [for the attempt]. With these words, she violently 
 snatches the destroying fire, and, lifting up her right 
 hand with exerted force, waves it at a distance, throws it. 
 Roused are the minds and stunned the hearts of the Tro- 
 jan matrons. Then one of the number, Pyrgo, the most 
 advanced in years, the royal nurse to Priam's numerous 
 sons, [said,] Matrons, this is not Beroe whom you have 
 here, it is not she from Rhseteum, the wife of Doryclus : 
 mark the characters of divine beauty, eyes bright and 
 sparkling ; what breath, what looks ; or the accents of her 
 voice, or her gait as she moves. Myself lately, as I came 
 hither, left Beroe sick, in great anguish that she- alone was 
 cut off from such a solemnity, and was not to pay the 
 honours due to Anchises. She said. But the matrons first 
 began to view the ships with malignant eyes, dubious and 
 wavering between their wretched fondness for the present 
 land, and the realms that summoned them by the Fates ; 
 when on equal poised wings the goddes mounted into the 
 sky, and in her flight cut the spacious bow beneath the 
 clouds. Then, indeed, confounded at the prodigy, and 
 driven by madness, they shriek out together, and snatch 
 the flame from the inmost hearths. Some rifle the altars 
 and fling boughs, and saplings, and brands together ; the 
 conflagration rages with loose reins amidst the rowers* 
 
B. V. 663-692. 
 
 133 
 
 seats, and oars, and painted sterns of fir. Eumelus con- 
 veys the tidings to Anchises' tomb, and to the benches 
 of the theatre, that the ships were burned ; and they them- 
 selves behold the sparks of fire flying tip in a pitchy cloud. 
 And first, Aschanius, as joyous he led the cavalcade, just 
 as he was, with full speed rode up to the troubled camp; 
 nor was it in the power of his guardians, half-dead for fear, 
 to check him. What strange frenzy this ? whither, he 
 cries, ah! my wretched coim try women, whither would 
 you now? It Id not the enemy, or the hostile camp of the 
 Greeks, but your own hopes ye burn. Here am I, your 
 own Ascanius. He threw at their feet the empty helmet, 
 which he wore while calling forth the images of war in 
 sport. At the same time ^neas and the bands of the 
 Trojans came up in haste. But the matrons for fear fly 
 difl'erent ways up and down the shore, and skulking re- 
 pair to the woods and hollow rocks wherever there are 
 any. They loathe the deed, the light, and penitent rec- 
 ognise their friends ; and Juno is dislodged from their 
 breasts. But the flames and conflagration did not there- 
 y 'fore abate their ungovernable fury. The tow lives under 
 [j the moistened boards, disgorging languid smoke ; the 
 smothered fire gradually consumes the keel, and the con- 
 tagious ruin spreads through the whole body of the vessel. 
 Neither the efforts of the heroes, nor outpoured streams, 
 avail. Then pious ^neas tore his robe from his shoulders, 
 ^nd invoked the gods to his aid, and stretched out his 
 hands : Almighty Jove, if thou dost not yet abhor all the 
 Trojans to a man, if thy ancient goodness regards human 
 disasters with commiseration, grant now, O father, that our 
 fleet may escape from these flames, and save from desola- 
 tion the humbled state of the Trojans. Or, to complete thy 
 vengeance, hurl me down to the death with thy vindictive 
 thunder, if I so deserve, and crush me here with thy right 
 
134 
 
 B. V. 693-720. 
 
 hand. Scarce had he spoken these words, when a black 
 tempest of bursting rain rages with uncommon fury: both 
 hills and valleys quake with thunder ; the shower in tur- 
 bid rain, and condensed into pitchy darkness by the thick- 
 beating south winds, pours down from the whole atmos 
 phere. The ships are filled from above ; the half-burned 
 boards are drenched, till the whole smoke is extinguished, 
 and all the ships, with the loss of four, are saved from the 
 pest. 
 
 But father ^neas, struck with the bitter misfortune, 
 turned his anxious thoughts now this way, now that, 
 pondering with himself whether he should settle in the 
 territories of Sicily, regardless of the Fates, or steer his 
 course to the Italian coast. Then aged Nautes, whom 
 above others Tritonian Pallas taught, and rendered illus- 
 trious for deep science, gave forth these responses, what 
 either the great displeasure of the gods portended, or 
 what the series of the Fates required. And thus, solac- 
 ing ^neas, he begins : Goddess-born, let us follow the 
 Fates, whether they invite us backward or forward ; come 
 what will, every fortune is to be surmounted by patience. 
 You have Trojan Acestes of divine origin : admit him 
 the partner of your counsels, and unite yourself to him 
 your willing friend : to him deliver up such as are super- 
 numerary, now that you have lost some ships ; choose 
 out those who are sick of the great enterprise, and o.^ 
 your fortunes ; the old with length of years oppressed^ 
 end the matrons fatigued with the voyage; select the 
 »leebie part of your company, and such as dread the dan^ 
 /jer, and, since they are tired out, let them have a settle- 
 ment in these territories : they shall call the city Acesta 
 by a licensed name. 
 
 Then indeed ^neas, fired by these words of his aged 
 friend, is distracted in his mind amidst a thousand cares. 
 
B. V 721-750. 
 
 135 
 
 Now sable Night, mounted on her chariot with two 
 horses, held the skies, when the form of his father An- 
 chises, gliding down from the skies, suddenly seemed to 
 pour forth these words : Son, once dearer to me than 
 life, while life remained ; my vSon, severely tried by the 
 •ates of Troy ; hither I come by the command of Jove, 
 who averted the fire from your fleet, and at length showed 
 pity from the high heaven. Comply with the excellent 
 counsel which aged Nautes now offers : carry with 3 on to 
 Italy the choice of the youths, the stoutest hearts. In 
 Ivatium you have to subdue a hardy race, rugged in man- 
 ners. But first, my son, visit Pluto's infernal mansion, 
 and, in quest of an interview with me, cross the deep 
 floods of Avernus : for not accursed Tartarus, nor the 
 dreary ghosts, have me in their possession ; but I inhabit 
 the delightful seats of the blest, and Elysium. Hither the 
 chaste Sibyl shall conduct thee after shedding profusely 
 the blood of black victims. Then you shall learn your 
 whole progeny, and what walls are assigned to you. And 
 now farewell : humid Night wheels about her mid course, 
 and the dawning light, which fiercely summons me 
 away, hath breathed upon me with panting steeds. He 
 said; and vanished like smoke into the fleeting air. 
 Whither so precipitant? says then ^neas ; whither dost 
 thou whirl away K whom fliest thou? or who debars me 
 from my embraces? So saying, he awakes the embers 
 and dormant fire, and suppliant pays veneration to his 
 Trojan domestic god, and the shrine of hoary Vesta, with 
 a holy cake and full censer. Forthwith he calls his fol- . 
 lowers, and first of all Acestes, and informs them of 
 Jove's command, and the instructions of his beloved sire, 
 and of the present settled purpose of his soul. No ob- 
 struction is given to his plans ; nor is Acestes averse to the 
 proposals made. They enrol the matrons for the city.^ 
 
136 
 
 B.\. 750-778. 
 
 and set on shore as many of the people as were willing, 
 souls that had no desire of high renown. Themselves 
 renew the benches, and repair the timbers half con- 
 sumed by the flames ; fit oars and cables to the ships ; in 
 number small, but of animated valour for war. 
 
 Meanwhile -^neas marked out a city with the plough, 
 and assigns the houses by lot : here he orders a [second] 
 Ilium to arise, and these places to be called after those of 
 Troy. Trojan Acestes rejoices in his kingdom ; institutes 
 a court of justice ; and having assembled his senators, 
 dispenses laws. Then on the top of Mount Kryx a tem- 
 ple approaching the stars is raised to Idalian Venus ; and 
 a priest is assigned to the tomb of Anchises, with a grove 
 hallowed far and wide. And now the whole people had 
 kept the festival for nine days, and sacrifices had been 
 offered on the altars, peaceful breezes have smoothed the 
 seas, and the south wind in repeated gales invites into the 
 deep. Loud lamentations along the winding shores arise : 
 in mutual embraces they linger out both night and day. 
 Even the matrons, and those to whom the face of the sea 
 lately seemed horrid, and its divinity intolerably severe, 
 would willingly go, and submit to all the toil of the voy- 
 age ; whom good ^neas solaces in friendly terms, and, 
 weeping, commends to his kinsman Acestes. Then he 
 orders to sacrifice to Bryx three calves, and a female lamb 
 to the tempests, and to weigh anchor after the due rites 
 were performed. He himself, having his head bound 
 with a trim garland of olive leaves, standing on the ex- 
 tremity of the prow, holds the cup and casts forth the 
 entrails on the briny waves, and pours the limpid wine. 
 A wind arising from the stern accompanies them in their 
 course. The crew, with emulous vigour, lash the sea and 
 brush its smooth Surface. 
 
».Y. 779-810. ^NKID. 
 
 ^JjVIeanwhile Venus, harassed with cares, addresses Nep- 
 V tJiiiie, and pours forth these complaints from her breast : 
 The heavy resentment and insatiable passion of Juno 
 compel me, O Neptune, to descend to all entreaties ; 
 Juno, whom neither length of time or any piety softens ; 
 and who is not quelled and subdued even by Jove's im- 
 perial sway, or by the Fates. It is not enough for her to 
 have effaced the city from among the Phrygian race by 
 h^r unhallowed hate, nor to have dragged its relics through 
 all sorts of suffering ; she persecutes the ashes and bones 
 of ruined Troy. The causes of such furious resentment 
 are to her best known. Yourself can witness for me what 
 a heaving tempest she suddenly raised of late on the Lib- 
 yan waves. The whole sea she blended in confusion with 
 the sky, vainly relying on joins' storms ; this presuming 
 [even] in your realms, ho also (O wickedness !) by acting 
 upon the Trojan matrons, she hath shamefully burned 
 the ships, and forced their friends, now that they have 
 lost their fleet, to abandon them in an unknown land. 
 As to what remains, may they be allowed, I pray, to sail 
 over the waves secure by thy protection : may they be 
 allowed to reach Laurentian Tiber ; if I ask what may be 
 granted, if the Destinies assign those settlements. Then 
 the Saturnian ruler of the deep ocean thus replied: 
 Cytherea, it is perfectly just that you confide in my realms, 
 whence you derive your birth : besides, I have a just 
 claim ; [for] often have I checked the furious rage and 
 maddening tumult of sea and sky Nor was I less careful 
 jf your ^neas on earth (I call Xanthus and Simois to 
 witness). When Achilles, pursuing the breathless troops 
 -^f Troy, dashed them against their walls, gave many 
 thousands to death, and the choked rivers groaned, and 
 Xanthus could not find his way, nor disembogue himself 
 into the sea ; then in a hollow cloud I snatched away 
 
138 
 
 B. V. 809-839. 
 
 ^neas, while encountering the mighty Achiiles wiji 
 strength and gods unequal ; though I was desirous of 
 overthrowing from the lowest foundation the walls of per- 
 jured Troy, reared by my hands. And still I am of the 
 same disposition : banish your fear ; he shall arrive safe 
 at the port of Avernus, which you desire. One only, lost 
 in the deep, shall he seek for : one life shall be given for 
 many. The sire, having by these words soothed and 
 cheered the heart of the goddess, yokes his steeds to his 
 golden car, puts the foaming bit into their fierce mouths, 
 and throws out all the reins. Along the surface of the 
 seas he nimbly glides in his azure car. The waves sub- 
 side, and the swelling ocean smooths its liquid pave- 
 ment under the thundering axle : the clouds fly off the 
 face of the expanded sky. Then [appear] the various 
 forms of his retinue, unwieldy whales, and the aged train 
 of Glaucus, and Palemon, Ino's son, the swift Tritons, 
 and the whole band of Phorcus. On the left are Thetis, 
 Melite, and the virgin Panopae, Nessee, Spio, Thalia, and 
 Cymodoce. Upon this, soft joys in their turn diffuse 
 themselves through the anxious soul of father ^neas. 
 Forthwith he orders all the masts to be set up, and the 
 yards to be stretched along the sails. At once they all 
 tacked together, and together let go sometimes the left- 
 hand sheets, sometimes the right : at once they turn and 
 turn back the lofty end of the sail-yards : friendly gales 
 waft the fleet forward. Palinurus, the master-pilot, led 
 the closely-united squadron : towards him the rest were 
 ordered to steer their course. 
 
 And now the dewy night had almost reached the mid- 
 dle of her course ; the weary sailors, stretched along the 
 hard benches under the oars, relaxed their limbs in 
 peaceful repose ; when the god of sleep, gliding down 
 from the ethereal stars, parted the dusky air, and dis* 
 
8. V. 810-867. 
 
 139 
 
 pelled the shades; to you, O Palinurus, directing his 
 course, visiting you, though innocent, with dismal 
 dreams : and the god took his seat on the lofty stern, in 
 the similitude of Phorbas, and poured forth these words 
 from his lips : Palinurus, son of lasius, the seas them- 
 selves carry forward the fleet ; the gales blow fair and 
 steady, the hour for rest is given. Recline your head, 
 and steal your weary eyes from labour. Myself awhile 
 will discharge your duty. To whom Palinurus, with dif- 
 ficulty lifting up his eyes, answers : Do you then bid me 
 be a stranger to the aspect of the calm sea and its quiet 
 waves ? Shall I confide in this extraordinary apparition ? 
 Why should I trust ^neas to the mercy of the fallacious 
 winds, after having been so often deceived by the treach- 
 erous aspect of a serene sky? These words he uttered, 
 while fixed and clinging he did not part with the rudder, 
 and held his eyes directed to the stars ; when, lo ! the 
 god shakes over both his temples a branch drenched in 
 the dew of I^ethe, and impregnated with soporific Stygian 
 influence ; and, while he is struggling against sleep, dis- 
 solves his swimming eyes. Scarcely had unexpected 
 slumber begun to relax his limbs, when the god, leaning 
 on him, with part of the stern broke ofi", together with 
 the helm, plunged him headlong into the limpid waves, 
 often calling on his friends in vain : taking flight, raised 
 himself on his wings aloft into the thin air. Meanwhile, 
 the fleet runs its watery course on the plain with equal 
 security, and fearless is conducted by father Neptune's 
 promises. And now wafted forward, it was even coming 
 up to the rocks of the Sirens, once of difficult access, and 
 white with the bones of many (at that time the hoarse 
 rocks resounded far by the continual buffeting of the 
 briny waves) ; when father ^neas perceived the fluctu- 
 ating galley to reel, having lost its pilot ; and he himself 
 
140 
 
 J^NEID. B. V. 868-871. b. vi. 1-20. 
 
 Steered her through the darkened waves, deeply affected 
 and wounded in his soul for the misfortune of his friend. 
 Ah, Palinurus, [says he], who has too much confided in 
 the fair aspect of the skies and sea 1 naked wilt thou lie 
 on unknown sands ! 
 
 BOOK VI. 
 
 lu the Sixth Book, ^neas, on reaching the coast of Italy, visits, as he had 
 been forewarned, the Sybil of Cumse, who attends him in his descent into 
 the infernal regions, and conducts him to his father Anchises, from whom 
 he learns the fate that awaited him and his descendants the Romans. The 
 book closes with the well-known beautiful panegyric on the younger Mar- 
 cellus, who was prematurely cut off in the flower of his youth. 
 
 Thus he speaks with tears, and gives his ship full sail, 
 and at length he reaches the Euboean coast of Cumse. 
 They turn their prows out to the sea : then the anchor 
 with its tenacious fluke moored the ships, and the bend- 
 ing sterns fringe the margin of the shore. The youthful 
 crew spring forth with ardour on the Hesperian strand : 
 some seek for the seeds of fire latent in the veins of flint ; 
 some plunder the copses, the close retreat of wild beasts, 
 and point out rivers newly discovered. But the pious 
 ^neas repairs to the towers over which ApoUo presides 
 on high, and to the spacious cave, the cell of the Sibyl 
 awful at a distance ; into whom the prophetic god of Delos 
 breathes an enlarged mind and spirit, and discloses to her 
 the future. Now they enter Diana's groves, and [Apollo's] 
 golden roofs. Daedalus, as is famed, flying the realms of 
 Minos, adventuring to trust himself to che sky on nimble 
 wings, sailed through an untried path to the cold regions 
 of the north, and at length gently alighted on the tower 
 of Chalcis. Having landed first on those coasts, to thee, 
 O Phoebus, he consecrated his hoary wings, and reared a 
 spacious temple. On the gates the death of Androgeos 
 
'^B. VI 21-49. ^NKID. ^ 141 
 
 [was represented] : then the Athenians, doomed, as an 
 atonement (a piteous case !) to pay yearly the bodies of 
 their children by sevens : there stands the urn whence 
 the lots w^ere drawn. In counterview answers the land of 
 Crete raised above sea ; here Pasiphae's fierce passion for 
 tie bull is seen, and she [is introduced] by artifice hum- 
 bled [to his embrace], with the Minotaur, that mingled 
 birth, and two-formed offsprings, monuments of execrable 
 lust. Here [are seen] the laboured work of the Ivabyrinth, 
 and the inextricable mazes. But Daedalus, pitying the 
 violent love of queen [Ariadne], unravels [to Theseus] 
 the intricacies and windings of the structure, himself 
 guiding his dark mazy steps by a thread. - You too, O 
 Icarus, should have borne a considerable part in that great 
 work, had [thy father's] grief permitted. Twice he essayed 
 to figure the disastrous story in gold ; twice the parent's 
 hand misgave him. And now [the Trojans] would survey 
 the whole w^ork in order, were not Achates, who had been 
 sent on, just at hand, and with him the priestess of Phoebus 
 and Diana, Deiphobe, Glaucus' daughter, who thus be- 
 speaks the king : This hour requires not such amusements. 
 At present it will be more suitable to sacrifice seven bul- 
 locks from a herd unyoked, and as many chosen ewes, 
 with usual rites. The priestess having thus addressed 
 ^neas, (nor are they backward to obey her sacred orders,) 
 calls the Trojans into the lofty temple. The huge side of 
 an Buboean rock is cut out into a cave, whither a hundred 
 broad avenues lead, a hundred doors ; whence rush forth 
 as many voices, the responses of the Sibyl. They had 
 come to the threshold, when thus the virgin exclaims : 
 Now is the time to consult your fate : the god, lo the god ! 
 I While thus before the gate she speaks, on a sudden her 
 looks change, her colour comes and goes, her locks are 
 dishevelled, her breast heaves, and her fierce heart swells 
 
142 
 
 ^NKID. 
 
 B. VI. 49-77. 
 
 with enthusiastic rage ; she appears in a larger form, her 
 voice speaking her not a mortal, now that she is inspired 
 with the nearer influence of the god. Do you delay, 
 Trojan ^neas, she says, do you delay with thy vows and 
 prayers? [Instantly begin] : for not till then shall the 
 ample gates of this aw^e-s trick en mansion unfold to the 
 view. And having thus said, she ceased. Chill horror 
 ran thrilling cold through the bones of the Trojans ; and 
 their king poured forth these prayers from the bottom of 
 his heart : Apollo, who hast ever pitied the troubles of 
 Troy, who guidedst the Trojan darts and the hand of 
 Paris to the body of Achilles ; under thy conduct I have 
 entered so many seas encompassing countries, and the 
 Massylian nations far remote, and regions vast stretched 
 in front by the Sertes. Now at length we grasp of the 
 coast of Italy that flies from us. Let it suffice that the 
 fortune of Troy has persecuted us thus far. Now it is just 
 that you, too, spare the Trojan race, ye gods and goddesses, 
 all, to whom Ilium and the high renown of Dardania were 
 obnoxious. And thou too, most holy prophetess, skilled 
 in futurity, grant (I ask no realms but what are destined 
 to me by fate) that the Trojans, their wandering gods, and 
 the persecuted deities of Troy, may eettle in Latium. 
 Then will I appoint to Phoebus and Diana a temple of 
 solid marble, and festal days, called by the name of ApoUo. 
 Thee, too, a spacious sanctuary awaits in our realms ; for 
 there, benignant one, I will deposit thy oracles, and the 
 secret fates declared to my nation, and will consecrate 
 chosen men. Only commit not thy verses to leaves, lest 
 they fly about in disorder, the sport of the rapid winds : 
 1 beg 3^ou yourself will pronounce them. He ended his 
 address. 
 
 But the prophetess, as yet not sufl"ering the influence 
 of Phoebus, raves with wild outrage in the cave, Strug- 
 
B. VI. 78-106. 
 
 gling if possible to disburden her soul of the mighty god ; 
 so much the more he wearies her foaming lips, subduing 
 her ferocious heart, and, by bearing down her opposition, 
 moulds her to his will. And now the hundred spacious 
 .gates of the abode were opened of their own accord, and 
 'pour forth the responses of the prophetess into the open 
 air : O thou who hast at length overpassed the Vast perils 
 of the ocean ! yet more afflicting trials by land await 
 thee. The Trojans shall come to the realms of lyavin- 
 ium, (dismiss that concern from thy breast,) but they 
 shall wish, too, they had never come. Wars, horrid wars, 
 I foresee, and Tiber foaming with a deluge of blood. 
 Nor Simois, nor Xanthus, nor Grecian camps, shall be 
 wanting to you there. Another Achilles is prepared in 
 I^atium : he, too, the son of a goddess. Nor shall Juno, 
 added to the Trojans [as their scourge], leave them 
 wherever they are : while in your distress, which of the 
 Italian states, which of its cities, shall you not humbly sup- 
 plicate for aid? Once more shall a consort, a hostess, 
 once more shall a foreign match, be the cause of so great 
 calamity to the Trojans. Yield not under your suffer- 
 ings, but encounter them with greater boldness than 
 your fortune shall permit. What you least expect, your 
 first means of deliverance shall be unfolded from a 
 Grecian city. Thus from her holy cell the Cumsean Sibyl 
 delivers her my-sterious oracles, and, wrapping up truth 
 in obscurity, bellows in her cave: Such reins Apollo 
 shakes over her as she rages, and deep in her breast he 
 plies the goads. 
 
 As soon as her fury ceased, and her raving tongue was 
 silent, the hero ^neas begins: To me, O virgin, no 
 shape of sufferings can arise new or unexpected ; I have 
 anticipated all things, and acted them over beforehand in 
 my mind. My sole request is, (since here the gate of 
 
144 iENEID. B. VI. 107-135. 
 
 the infernal king is said to be, and the darksome lake 
 [formed] from the overflowing Acheron,) that it may be 
 my lot to come into the sight and presence of my dear 
 father ; that you would show the way, and open to me 
 the sacred portals. On these shoulders I rescued him 
 through flames and a thousand darts pursuing, and saved 
 him from the midst of the enemy. He accompanied my 
 path, attended me in all my voyages, and, though mfirm, 
 bore all the terrors both of the sea and sky, beyond the 
 power and condition of old age. Nay more, he it was 
 who earnestly requested and enjoined me to come to 
 thee a stippliant, and visit thy temple. Benignant one 
 • pity, I pray, the son and the sire ; for thou canst do all 
 things ; nor hath Hecate in vain given thee charge of the 
 Avernian groves. If OiTDheus had power to recall his 
 consort's ghost, relying on his Thracian harp and har- 
 monious strings ; if Pollux redeemed his brother by al- 
 ternate death, and goes and comes this way so often : [I 
 hope I may also be allowed to go and return :] why need 
 I mention theseus, or great Alcides? I, too, derive my 
 birth from Jove supreme. 
 
 In such terms he prayed, and held the altar, when thus 
 the prophetess began to speak : Ofi-spring of the gods, 
 thou Trojan son of Anchises, easy is the path that leads 
 down to hell ; grim Pluto's gate stands open night and 
 day : but to retrace one's steps, and escape to the upper 
 regions, this is a work, this is a task. Some few, whom 
 .favouring Jove loved, or illustrious virtue advanced to 
 '.heaven, the sons of the gods, have effected it. Woods 
 ■cover aU the intervening space, and Cocytus gliding with 
 his black winding flood surrounds it. But if your soul be 
 possessed with so strong a passion, so ardent a desire, 
 twice to swim the Stygian lake, twice to visit gloomy 
 Tartarus, and you will needs fondly pursue the desperate 
 
B. VI. 136-166. 
 
 ^NKID. 
 
 145 
 
 enterprise, learn what first is to be done. On a tree of 
 deep shade there lies concealed a bough, with leaves and 
 limber twigs of gold, pronounced sacred to infernal Juno : 
 this the whole grove covers, and shades in dark valleys 
 enclose. But to none is it given to enter the hidden re- 
 cesses of the earth, till from the tree he pluck the bough 
 with its golden locks. Fair Proserpine hath ordained this 
 to be presented to her as her peculiar present. When the 
 first is torn off, a second of gold soon succeeds ; and a 
 twig shoots forth leaves of the same metal. Therefore 
 search out for it on high with thine eyes, and when found, 
 pluck it with the hand in a proper manner ; for, if the 
 Fates invite you, itself will come away willing and easy S 
 otherwise you will not be able to master it by any strength,! 
 or to lop it off by the stubborn steel. Besides, the body 
 of your friend lies breathless, (whereof you, alas ! are not 
 aware,) and pollutes the whole fleet with death, while you 
 are seeking counsel, and hang lingering at my gate. 
 First convey him to his place of rest, and bury him in the 
 grave. Bring black cattle : let these first be the sacrifices 
 of expiation. So at length you shall have a view of the 
 Stygian groves, realms inaccessible to the living. She 
 said, and closing her lips, was silent. 
 
 ^neas, his eyes fixed on the ground with sorrowing 
 looks, takes his way, leaving the cave, and muses the dark 
 event in his mind ; whom faithful Achates accompanies, 
 and steps on with equal concern. Many doubts they 
 started between them in the variety of their conversation ; 
 who was the lifeless friend designed by the prophetess, 
 what corpse was to be interred. And as they came, they 
 saw Misenus on the dry breach, slain by an unworthy 
 death ; Misenus, son of ^olus, whom none excelled in 
 rousing warriors by the brazen trump, and kindling the 
 rage of war by its blast. He had been the companion of 
 
146 i^NKID. B. VI. 167-197. 
 
 great Hector, and about Hector he fought, distinguished 
 both for the clarion and spear. After victorious Achilles 
 had bereaved Hector of life, the valiant hero associated 
 with Dardanian ^neas, following no inferior chief. But 
 at that time, while madly presumptuous he makes the seas 
 resound with his hollow trump, and with bold notes chal- , 
 lenges the gods to a trial of skill, Triton, jealous, (if the 
 story be worthy of credit,) having inveigled him between 
 two rocks, had overwhelmed him in the foaming billows. 
 Therefore all murmm-ed their lamentations around him 
 with loud noise, especially pious ^neas ; then forthwith 
 weeping thev set about the Sibyl's orders, and are emu- 
 lous to heap up the altar of the funeral pile with trees, 
 and raise it towards heaven. They repair to an ancient 
 wood, the deep lairs of the savage kind : down drop the 
 firs : the holm crashes, felled by the axes ; and the ashen 
 logs and yielding oak are cleft by wedges ; down from the 
 mountains they roll the huge wild ashes, ^neas, too, 
 chief amidst these labours, animates his followers, and is 
 equipped with like implements. 
 
 Meanwhile he thus ruminates in his distressed breast, 
 surveying the spacious wood, and thus prays aloud : O if 
 that golden branch on the tree now present itself to our 
 view amid this ample forest ; since, Misenus, all that the 
 prophetess declared of thee, is true, alas! too true. 
 Scarcely had he spoken these words, when it chanced 
 that two pigeons, la their airy flight, came directly into 
 the hero's view, and alighted on the verdant ground. 
 Then the mighty hero knows his mother's birds, and re- 
 joicing prays : Oh ! be the guides of the way, if any way 
 there is, and steer your course through the air into the 
 groves, where the precious branch overshades the fertile 
 soil. And thou, my goddess-mother, oh be not wanting 
 to me in this my perplexity ! Thus having said, he paused. 
 
B. VI. 324-352. ^NKID. |5;j 
 
 Stygian lake, by whose divinity the gods dread to swear 
 and violate [their oath]. All that crowd, which you see, 
 consists of naked and unburied persons : that ferryman is 
 Charon : these, whom the stream carries, are interred ; 
 for it is not permitted to transport them over the horrid 
 banks, and hoarse waves, before their bones are quietly 
 7odged in a final abode. They wander a hundred years, 
 and flutter about these shores : then at length admitted* 
 they visit the wished-for lakes. 
 
 The offspring of Anchises paused and repressed his 
 steps, deeply musing, and pitying from his soul their un- 
 kmd lot. There he espies I^eucaspis, and Orontes, the 
 commander of the I^ycian fleet, mournful, and bereavea"^ 
 of the honours of the dead: whom, as they sailed from 
 Troy, over the stormy seas, the south wind sunk to-' 
 gether, whelming both ship and crew in the waves. I,o 1 
 the pilot Palinurus slowly advanced; who lately in his 
 Libyan voyage, while he was observing the stars, had 
 fallen from the stern, plunged in the midst of the waves 
 When with difficulty, by reason of the thick shade, ^neas 
 knew him, in this mournful mood, he thus first accosts 
 him : What god, O Palinurus, snatched you from us, and 
 overwhelmed you in the middle of the ocean? Come tell 
 me. For Apollo, whom I never before found false in 
 this one response deceived my mind, declaring that you 
 should be safe on the sea, and arrive at the Ausonian 
 coasts : Is this the amount of his plighted faith? 
 . But he [answers] : Neither the oracle of Ph^bus be- 
 guiled you, prince of the line of Anchises, nor a god 
 ^plunged me in the sea ; for, falling headlong, I drew along 
 with me the helm, which I chanced with great violence 
 to tear away, as I clung to it, and steered our course 
 bemg appointed pilot. By the rough seas I swear, that I 
 was not so seriously apprehensive for myself, as that thy 
 
152 
 
 B. VI. 353-381. 
 
 ship, despoiled of her rudder, dispossessed of her pilot, 
 might sink while such high billows were rising. The 
 south wind drove me violently on the water over the 
 spacious sea, three wintry nights : on the fourth day I 
 descried Italy from the high ridge of a wave [whereon I 
 was] raised aloft. I was swimming gradually towards 
 land, and should have been out of danger, had not the 
 cruel people fallen upon me with the sword, (encumbered 
 with my wet garment, and grasping with crooked hands 
 the rugged tops of a mountain,) and ignorantly taking me 
 for a rich prey. Now the waves possess me, and the 
 winds toss me about the shore. But by the pleasant light 
 'of heaven, and by the vital air, by him who gave thee 
 birth, by the hope of rising liilus, I thee implore, invin- 
 cible one, release me from these woes : either throw on 
 me some earth, (for thou canst do so,) and seek out the 
 Veline port ; or, if there be any means, if thy goddess 
 mother point out any, (for thou dost not, I presume, 
 without the will of the gods, attempt to cross such mighty 
 rivers and the Stygian lake,) lend your hand to an un- 
 happy wretch, and bear me with you over the waves, that 
 in death at least I may rest in peaceful seats. 
 
 Thus he spoke, when thus the prophetess began : 
 Whence, O Palinurus, rises in thee this so impious desire ? 
 Shall you unburied behold the Stygian floods, and the 
 grim river of the F'uries, or reach the bank against the 
 command [of heaven] ? Cease to hope that the decrees 
 of the gods are to be altered by prayers ; but mindful 
 take these predictions as the solace of your hard fate. 
 For the neighbouring people, compelled by portentous 
 plagues from heaven, shall through their several cities far 
 and wide offer atonement to thy ashes, erect a tomb, and 
 stated anniversary ofl"ering on that tomb present ; and the 
 place shall for ever retain the name of Palinurus. By these 
 
B. VI. 78-106. ^NKID. 141; 
 
 gling if possible to disburden her soul of the mighty god ; 
 so much the more he wearies her foaming lips, subduing 
 her ferocious heart, and, by bearing down her opposition 
 moulds her to his will. And now the hundred spacious 
 .gates of the abode were opened of their own accord, and 
 'pour forth the responses of the prophetess into the open 
 air : O thou who hast at length overpassed the vast perils 
 of the ocean ! yet more afflicting trials by land await 
 thee. The Trojans shall come to the realms of I,avin- 
 mm, (dismiss that concern from thy breast,) but they 
 shall wish, too, they had never come. Wars, horrid wars 
 I foresee, and Tiber foaming with a deluge of blood'. 
 Nor Simois, nor Xanthus, nor Grecian camps, shall be" 
 wanting to you there. Another Achilles is prepared in 
 Ivatium : he, too, the son of a goddess. Nor shall Juno ^ 
 added to the Trojans [as their scourge], leave them 
 wherever they are : while in your distress, which of the 
 Italian states, which of its cities, shall you not humbly sup. 
 plicate for aid? Once more shall a consort, a hostess 
 once more shall a foreign match, be the cause of so great 
 calamity to the Trojans. Yield not under your suffer- 
 mgs, but encounter them with greater boldness than 
 your fortune shall permit. What you least expect, your 
 first means of deliverance shall be unfolded from a 
 Grecian city. Thus from her holy cell the Cumsean Sibyl 
 delivers her mysterious oracles, and, wrapping up truth 
 m obscurity, bellows in her cave: Such reins Apollo 
 shakes over her as she rages, and deep in her breast he 
 plies the goads. 
 
 As soon as her fury ceased, and her raving tongue was 
 silent, the hero ^neas begins: To me, O virgin, no 
 snape of sufferings can arise new or unexpected ; I have 
 anticipated all things, and acted them over beforehand in 
 my mmd. My sole request is, (since here the gate of 
 7 
 
144 ^NEID. B. VI. 107-135. 
 
 the infernal king is said to be, and the darksome lake 
 [formed] from the overflowing Acheron,) that it may be 
 my lot to come into the sight and presence of my dear 
 father • that you would show the way, and open to me 
 the sacred portals. On these shoulders I rescued him 
 through flames and a thousand darts pursuing, and saved 
 him from the midst of the enemy. He accompanied my 
 path, attended me in all my voyages, and, though infirm, 
 bore all the terrors both of the sea and sky, beyond the 
 power and condition of old age. Nay more, he it was 
 who earnestly requested and enjoined me to come to 
 .thee a suppliant, and visit thy temple. Benignant one 
 pity, I pray, the son and the sire ; for thou canst do all 
 things ; nor hath Hecate in vain given thee charge of the 
 * Avernian groves. If Orpheus had power to recall his 
 consort's ghost, relying on his Thracian haip and har^ 
 monious strings; if PoUux redeemed his brother by al- 
 ternate death, and goes and comes this way so often : [I 
 hope I may also be allowed to go and return :] why need 
 I mention Theseus, or great Alcides? I, too, derive my 
 birth from Jove supreme. 
 
 In such terms he prayed, and held the altar, when thus 
 the prophetess began to speak: Offspring of the gods, 
 thou Trojan son of Anchises, easy is the path that leads 
 down to hell ; grim Pluto's gate stands open night and 
 day : but to retrace one's steps, and escape to the upper 
 regions, this is a work, this is a task. Some few, whom 
 .favouring Jove loved, or illustrious virtue advanced to 
 •heaven, the sons of the gods, have effected it Woods 
 cover all the intervening space, and Cocytus glidmg with 
 his black winding flood surrounds it. But if your soul be 
 possessed with so strong a passion, so ardent a desire, 
 twice to swim the Stygian lake, twice to visit gloomy 
 Tartarus, and you will needs fondly pursue the desperate 
 
B. VI. 382-410. I53 
 
 words his cares were removed, and grief was for a time 
 banished from his disconsolate heart : he rejoices in the 
 land that is to bear his name. 
 
 They therefore accomplish their journey begun, and 
 approach the river : whom when the boatmen soon from 
 , the Stygian wave beheld advancing through the sUeut 
 grove, and stepping forward to the bank, thus he first 
 accosts them in words, and chides them unprovoked: 
 Whoever thou mayest be, who art now advancing armed 
 to our rivers, say quick for what end thou comest ; and 
 from that very spot repress thy step. This is the region 
 of Ghosts, of Sleep, and drowsy Night : to waft over the, 
 bodies of the living in my Stygian boat is not permitted 
 Nor indeed was it joy to me that I received Alcides on the 
 lake when he came, or Theseus and Pirithous, though ' 
 they were the oifspring of the gods, and invincible in 
 might. One with his hand put the keeper of Tartarus in 
 chains, and dragged him trembling from the throne of 
 our king himself ; the others attempted to cany off our 
 queen from Pluto's bed-chamber. 
 
 In answer to which, the Amphrysian prophetess spoke : 
 No such plots are here, be not disturbed, nor do these 
 weapons bring violence : the huge porter may bay in his 
 den for ever, terrifying the incorporeal shades : chaste 
 ^oserpine may remain in her uncle's palace. Trojan 
 iEneas illustrious for piety and arms, descends to the 
 deep shades of Erebus to his sire. If the image of such 
 piety makes no impression on you, own a regard at least 
 to this branch (she shows the branch that was concealed 
 under her robe). Then his heart from sweUing rage is 
 stilled : nor passed more words than these. He with won- 
 der gazing on the haUowed present of the fatal branch, 
 beheld after a long season, turns towards them his lead- 
 coloured barge, and approaches the bank. Thence he 
 
154 
 
 ^NKID. 
 
 B. VI. 411-438. 
 
 dislodges the other souls that sat on the long benches, 
 and clears the hatches ; at the same time, receives into 
 the hold the mighty J^neas. The boat of sewn hide 
 groaned under the weight, and, being leaky, took in much 
 water from the lake. At length he lands the hero and 
 the prophetess safe on the other side of the river, on the 
 foul slimy strand and sea-green weed. Huge Cerberus 
 makes these realms to resound with barking from his 
 triple jaws, stretched at his enormous length in a den that 
 fronts the gate. To whom the prophetess, seeing his 
 neck now bristle with horrid snakes, flings a soporific 
 
 icake of honey and medicated grain. He, in the mad rage 
 of hunger, opening his three mouths, snatches the offered 
 morsel, and, spread on the ground, relaxes his monstrous 
 
 himbs, and is extended at vast length over all the cave, 
 ^neas, now that the keeper [of hell] is buried [in sleep], 
 seizes the passage, and swift overpasses the bank of that 
 flood whence there is no return. 
 
 Forthwith are heard voices, loud wailings, and weeping 
 ghosts of infants, in the first opening of the gate ; whom, 
 bereaved of sweet life out of the course of nature, and 
 snatched from the breast, a black day cut off, and buried 
 in an untimely grave. 
 
 Next to those, are such as had been condemned to 
 death by false accusations. Nor yet were those seats 
 assigned them without a trial, without a judge. Minos, 
 as inquisitor, shakes the urn : he convokes the council of 
 the silent, and examines their lives and crimes. 
 
 The next places in order those mournful ones possess, 
 who, though free from crime, procured death to them- 
 selves with their own hands, and, sick of the light, threw 
 away their lives. How gladly would they now endure 
 poverty and painful toils in the upper regions ! Fate op- 
 poses, and the hateful lake imprisons them with its 
 
B. VI. 136-166. 
 
 145 
 
 enterprise, learn what first is to be done. On a tree of 
 deep shade there lies concealed a bough, with leaves and 
 limber twigs of gold, pronounced sacred to infernal Juno : 
 this the whole grove covers, and shades in dark valleys 
 enclose. But to none is it given to enter the hidden re- 
 cesses of the earth, till from the tree he pluck the bough 
 with its golden locks. Fair Proserpine hath ordained this 
 to be presented to her as her peculiar present. When the 
 first is torn off, a second of gold soon succeeds ; and a 
 twig shoots forth leaves of the same metal. Therefore 
 search out for it on high with thine eyes, and when found, 
 pluck it with the hand in a proper manner; for, if the 
 Fates invite you, itself will come away willing and easy ; 
 otherwise you will not be able to master it by any strength, 
 or to lop it off by the stubborn steel. Besides, the body 
 of your friend lies breathless, (whereof you, alas ! are not ' 
 aware,) and pollutes the whole fleet with death, while you 
 are seeking counsel, and hang lingering at my gate. 
 First convey him to his place of rest, and bury him in the 
 grave. Bring black cattle : let these first be the sacrifices 
 of expiation. So at length you shall have a view of the 
 Stygian groves, realms inaccessible to the living. She 
 said, and closing her lips, was silent. 
 
 ^neas, his eyes fixed on the ground with sorrowing 
 looks, takes his way, leaving the cave, and muses the dark 
 event in his mind ; whom faithful Achates accompanies, 
 and steps on with equal concern. Many doubts they 
 started between them in the variety of their conversation ; 
 who Hvas the lifeless friend designed by the prophetess, 
 what corpse was to be interred. And as they came, they 
 saw Misenus on the dry breach, slain by an unworthy 
 death ; Misenus, son of ^olus, whom none excelled in 
 rousing warriors by the brazen trump, and kindling the 
 tage of war by its blast. He had been the companion of 
 
146 .5^NKID. B. Yi. 167-197. 
 
 great Hector, and about Hector he fought, distinguished 
 both for the clarion and spear. After victorious Achilles 
 had bereaved Hector of life, the valiant hero associated 
 with Dardanian ^neas, following no inferior chief. But 
 at that time, while madly presumptuous he makes the seas 
 resound with his hollow trump, and with bold notes chal- , 
 lenges the gods to a trial of skill, Triton, jealous, (if the 
 story be worthy of credit,) having inveigled him between 
 two rocks, had overwhelmed him in the foaming billows. 
 -Therefore all murmured their lamentations around him 
 I with loud noise, especially pious ^neas ; then forthwith 
 I weeping they set about the Sibyl's orders, and are emu- 
 ^'lous to heap up the altar of the funeral pile with trees, 
 and raise it towards heaven. They repair to an ancient 
 wood, the deep lairs of the savage kind : down drop the 
 \' firs : the holm crashes, felled by the axes ; and the ashen 
 ' logs and yielding oak are cleft by wedges ; down from the 
 mountains they roll the huge wild ashes, ^neas, too, 
 chief amidst these labours, animates his followers, and is 
 equipped with like implements. 
 
 Meanwhile he thus ruminates in his distressed breast, 
 surveying the spacious wood, and thus prays aloud : O if 
 that golden branch on the tree now present itself to our 
 view amid this ample forest ; since, Misenus, all that the 
 prophetess declared of thee, is true, alas I too true. 
 Scarcely had he spoken these words, when it chanced 
 that two pigeons, la their airy flight, came directly into 
 the hero's view, and alighted on the verdant ground. 
 Then the mighty hero knows his mother's birds, and re- 
 joicing prays : Oh 1 be the guides of the way, if any way 
 there is, and steer your course through the air into the 
 groves, where the precious branch overshades the fertile 
 soil. And thou, my goddess-mother, oh be not wanting 
 to me in this my perplexity ! Thus having said, he paused, 
 
B. VI. 198-228. 
 
 147 
 
 observing what indications they offer, whither they bend 
 their way. They, feeding and flying by turns, advanced 
 before only as far as the eyes of the followers could trace 
 them with their ken. Then, having come to the mouth 
 of noisome Avernus, they mount up swiftly, and, gliding 
 through the clear air, both alight on the wished-for place, 
 on that tree from whence the gleam of the gold, of differ- 
 ent hue, shone through the boughs. As in the woods the 
 mistletoe, which springs not from the tree from whence 
 it grows, is wont to bloom with new leaves in the cold of 
 winter, and to twine around the tapering trunk with its 
 yellow offspring ; such was the appearance of the gold 
 sprouting forth on the shady holm ; in like manner the 
 metallic leaf tinkled with the gentle gale. Forthwith 
 ^neas grasps, and eagerly tears off the lingering branch, 
 and bears it to the grotto of the prophetic Sibyl. 
 
 Meanwhile the Trojans were no less assiduously em- 
 ployed in mourning Misenus on the shore, and in paying 
 the last duties to his senseless ashes. First they rear a 
 vast ^le unctuous with pines and split oak, whose sides 
 they interweave with black boughs, and place in the front 
 deadly cypresses, and deck it above with glittering arms. 
 Some get ready warm water, and caldrons bubbling from 
 the flames; and wash and anoint his cold limbs. The 
 groan is raised : they then lay the bewailed body on a 
 couch, and throw over it the purple robes, his wonted 
 apparel. Others bore up the cumbrous bier, a mournful 
 ofiice ; and with their faces turned away, after the manner 
 of their ancestors, under it they held the torch. Amassed 
 together, blaze oflferings of incense, viands, whole goblets 
 of oil poured [on the pile] . After the ashes had sunk 
 down, and the flames relented, they drenched the relics 
 and soaking embers in wine ; and Chorinaeus enclosed 
 the collected bones in a brazen urn. Thrice too he made 
 7* 
 
148 ' ^NEID. B. VI. 229-260. 
 
 the Circuit of the company with holy water sprinkling 
 them with the light spray, and a branch of the prolific 
 olive; and he purified them, and pronounced the las. 
 farewell. But pious ^neas erects a spacious tomb for the 
 hero, with his arms upon it, and an oar and trumpet 
 beneath a lofty mountain, which now from him is called 
 Misenus, and retains a name eternal through ages. _ 
 
 This done, he speedily executes the Sibyl's injunc- 
 tions. There was a cave profound and hideous with wide 
 yawning mouth, stony, fenced by a black lake, and the 
 gloom of woods ; over which none of the flymg kind were 
 able to wing their way unhurt : such exhalations, issuing 
 from its grim jaws, ascended to the vaulted skies : [for 
 which reason the Greeks called the place by the name of 
 Aornus.] Here first the priestess places four bullocks 
 with backs of swarthy hue, and pours wine on their fore- 
 heads, and cropping the topmost hairs between the horns. 
 Fays them on the sacred flames as the first offerings by 
 voice invoking Hecate whose power extends both to 
 heaven and hell. Others employ the knives, andreceive 
 the tepid blood in bowls, ^"-^.^r^^^ ^"it^'^^J^J 
 sword a ewe-lamb of sable fleece in honour of the motiier 
 of the Fairies, and her great sister, and in honour of thee, 
 Proserpina, a barren heifer. Then he sets about he 
 nocturnal sacrifices to the Stygian king, and lays on the 
 flames the solid carcasses of bulls, pourmg fat oil on the 
 Soiling entrails. Lo now, at the early beams and rising 
 of the sun, the ground beneath their feet began to rum- 
 ble the wooded heights to quake, and dogs were seen to 
 howl through the shade of the woods, at the approach of 
 ?he goddess Hence, far hence, O ye profane, exclaims 
 the prophetess, and begone from all f^'^'l^'^l^^ 
 yon, Mneas, boldly march forward, and snatch your 
 ftom i s sheath : now is the time for fortitude, now 
 
B. VI. 261-292. 
 
 149 
 
 for firmness of resolution. This said, she raving plunged 
 into the open cave. He, with intrepid steps, keeps close 
 by his guide as she leads the way. 
 
 Ye gods, to whom the empire of ghosts belong, and ye 
 ^silent shades, and Chaos, and Phlegethon, places where 
 ■ silence reigns around in night ! permit me to utter the 
 secrets I have heard ; may I by your divine will disclose 
 things buried in deep earth and darkness. They moved 
 along amid the gloom under the solitary night through 
 the shade, and through the desolate halls and empty 
 realms of Pluto ; such as is a journey in woods beneath 
 the unsteady moon, under a faint, glimmering light, 
 when Jupiter hath wrapped the heavens in shade and 
 sable night hath stripped objects of colours. 
 
 Before the vestibule itself, and in the first jaws of hell. 
 Grief and vengeful Cares have placed their couches, and 
 pale Diseases dwell, and disconsolate Old Age, and Fear, 
 and the evil counsellor Famine, and vile deformed Indi- 
 gence, forms ghastly to the sight! and Death and Toil ; 
 then Sleep, akin to Death, and criminal Joys of the 
 mind ; and in the opposite threshold murderous War, and 
 the iron bed-chambers of the Furies, and frantic Discord, 
 having her viperous locks bound with bloody fillets. 
 
 In the midst a gloomy elm displays its boughs and 
 aged arms;, which seat vain Dreams are commonly said to 
 haunt, and under every leaf they dwell. Many mon- 
 strous savages, moreover, of various forms, stable in the 
 gates, the Centaurs and double-formed Scyllas, and Bri- 
 areus with his hundred hands, and the enormous snake of 
 Lerna hissing dreadful, and Chimsera armed with flames ; 
 Gorgons, Harpies, and the form of Geryon's three-bodied 
 ghost. Here ^neas, disconcerted with sudden fear, grasps 
 his sword, and presents the naked point to each approach- 
 ing shade : and had not his skilful guide put him in mind 
 
<50 
 
 B. VI. 292-323. 
 
 that they were airy unbodied phantoms, fluttering about 
 under an empty form, he had rushed in, and with his 
 sword struck at the ghosts in vain. 
 
 Hence is a path, which leads to the floods of Tartarean 
 Acheron : here a gulf turbid and impure boils up with 
 mire and vast whirlpools, and disgorges all its sand into 
 iCocytus. A grim ferryman guards these floods and riv- 
 ers, Charon, of frightful slovenliness; on whose chin a 
 load of grey hair neglected lies ; his eyes are flame : his 
 vestments hang from his shoulders by a knot, with filth 
 overgrown. Himself thrusts on the barge with a pole, 
 and tends the sails, and wafts over the bodies in his iron- 
 coloured boat, now in years : but the god is of fresh and 
 green old age. Hither the whole tribe in swarms came 
 pouring to the banks, matrons and men, the souls of 
 magnanimous heroes who had gone through life, boys 
 and unmarried maids, and young men who had been 
 stretched on the funeral pile before the eyes of their par- 
 ents ; as numerous as withered leaves fall in the woods 
 with the first cold of autumn, or as numerous as birds 
 flock to land from deep ocean, when the chilling year 
 drives them beyond sea, and sends them to sunny climeSo 
 They stood praying to cross the flood the first, and were 
 stretching forth their hands with fond desire to gain the 
 further bank: but the sullen boatman admits sometimes 
 these, sometimes those : whilst others, to a great distance 
 removed, he debars from the banks. 
 
 ^neas (for he was amazed and moved with the tumult)^ 
 thus speaks : O virgin, say what means that flocking to 
 the river ? what do the ghosts desire ? or by what distinc- 
 tion must these recede from the banks, those sweep with 
 oars the livid flood? To him the aged priestess thus 
 briefly replied: Son of Anchises, undoubted offspring of 
 the gods, you see the deep pools of Cocytns, and the 
 
B. VI. 324-352. ^NEID. -{5] 
 
 Stygian lake, by whose divinity the gods dread to swear 
 and violate [their oath]. AU that crowd, which you see 
 consists of naked and unburied persons : that ferryman is 
 Charon: these, whom the stream carries, are interred; 
 for it is not permitted to transport them over the horrid 
 banks, and hoarse waves, before their bones are quietly 
 ;odged m a final abode. They wander a hundred years 
 and flutter about these shores : then at length admitted' 
 they visit the wished-for lakes. ' 
 
 The offspring of Anchises paused and repressed his 
 Steps, deeply musing, and pitying from his soul their un- 
 kind lot. There he espies Leucaspis, and Orontes, the 
 commander of the I^ycian fleet, mournful, and bereaved 
 of the honours of the dead: whom, as they sailed from 
 Troy, over the stormy seas, the south wind sunk to- 
 gether, whelming both ship and crew in the waves. Lo I 
 the pilot Palinurus slowly advanced, who lately in his 
 Libyan voyage, while he was observing the stars, had 
 fallen from the stem, plunged in the midst of the waves 
 When with difiiculty, by reason of the thick shade, ^neas 
 knew him, in this mournful mood, he thus first accosts 
 him : What god, O Palinurus, snatched you from us and 
 overwhelmed you in the middle of the ocean? Come teU 
 me. For ApoUo, whom I never before found false in 
 this one response deceived my mind, declaring that you 
 should be safe on the sea, and arrive at the Ausonian 
 coasts : Is this the amount of his plighted faith ? 
 ( But he [answers] : Neither the oracle of Phoebus be- 
 guiled you, prince of the line of Anchises, nor a god 
 ^plunged me in the sea ; for, falling headlong, I drew along 
 yth me the helm, which I chanced with great violence 
 to tear away, as I clung to it, and steered our course, 
 bemg appointed pilot. By the rough seas I swear, that I 
 was not so seriously apprehensive for myself, as that thy 
 
152 
 
 B. VI. 353-381. 
 
 ship, despoiled of her rudder, dispossessed of her pilot, 
 might sink while such high billows were rising. The 
 south wind drove me violently on the water over the 
 spacious sea, three wintry nights : on the fourth day I 
 descried Italy from the high ridge of a wave [whereon I 
 was] raised aloft. I was swimming gradually towards 
 land, and should have been out of danger, had not the 
 cruel people fallen upon me with the sword, (encumbered 
 with my wet garment, and grasping with crooked hands 
 the rugged tops of a mountain,) and ignorantly taking me 
 for a rich prey. Now the waves possess me, and the 
 winds toss me about the shore. But by the pleasant light 
 of heaven, and by the vital air, by him who gave thee 
 birth, by the hope of rising liilus, I thee implore, invin- 
 cible one, release me from these woes : either throw on 
 me some earth, (for thou canst do so,) and seek out the 
 Veline port ; or, if there be any means, if thy goddess 
 mother point out any, (for thou dost not, I presume, 
 without the will of the gods, attempt to cross such mighty 
 rivers and the Stygian lake,) lend your hand to an un- 
 happy wretch, and bear me with you over the waves, that 
 in death at least I may rest in peaceful seats. 
 
 Thus he spoke, when thus the prophetess began : 
 Whence, O Palinurus, rises in thee this so impious desire ? 
 Shall you unburied behold the Stygian floods, and the 
 grim river of the Furies, or reach the bank against the 
 command [of heaven] ? Cease to hope that the decrees 
 of the gods are to be altered by prayers ; but mindful 
 take these predictions as the solace of your hard fate. 
 For the neighbouring people, compelled by portentous 
 plagues from heaven, shall through their several cities far 
 and wide offer atonement to thy ashes, erect a tomb, and 
 stated anniversary offering on that tomb present ; and the 
 place shall for ever retain the name of Palinurus. By these 
 
B. VI. 382-410. 
 
 153 
 
 words his cares were removed, and grief was for a time 
 banished from his disconsolate heart : he rejoices in the 
 land that is to bear his name. ' 
 
 They therefore accomplish their journey begun, and 
 approach the river : whom when the boatmen soon from 
 . the Stygian wave beheld advancing through the silent 
 grove, and stepping forward to the bank, thus he first 
 accosts them in words, and chides them unprovoked: 
 Whoever thou mayest be, who art now advancing armed 
 to our rivers, say quick for what end thou comest ; and 
 from that very spot repress thy step. This is the region 
 of Ghosts, of Sleep, and drowsy Night : to waft over the 
 bodies of the living in my Stygian boat is not permitted. 
 Nor indeed was it joy to me that I received Alcides on the 
 lake when he came, or Theseus and Pirithous, though 
 they were the offspring of the gods, and invincible in 
 might. One with his hand put the keeper of Tartarus in 
 chains, and dragged him trembling from the throne of 
 our king himself ; the others attempted to carry off our 
 queen from Pluto's bed-chamber. 
 
 In answer to which, the Amphrysian prophetess spoke : 
 No such plots are here, be not disturbed, nor do these 
 weapons bring violence : the huge porter may bay in his 
 den for ever, terrifying the incorporeal shades : chaste 
 Proserpine may remain in her uncle's palace. -^"f^rojan 
 ^neas, illustrious for piety and arms, descends" to the 
 deep shades of Krebus to his sire. If the image of such 
 piety makes no impression on you, own a regard at least 
 to this branch (she shows the branch that was concealed 
 under her robe). Then his heaxt from swelling rage is 
 stilled : nor passed more words than these. He with won- 
 der gazing on the hallowed present of the fatal branch, 
 beheld after a long season, turns towards them his lead- 
 coloured barge, and approaches the bank. Thence he 
 
154 
 
 B. VI. 411-438. 
 
 dislodges the other souls that sat on the long benches, 
 and clears the hatches ; at the same time, receives into 
 the hold the mighty ^neas. The boat of sewn hide 
 groaned under the weight, and, being leaky, took in much 
 water from the lake. At length he lands the hero and 
 the prophetess safe on the other side of the river, on the 
 foul slimy strand and sea-green weed. Huge Cerberus 
 makes these realms to resound with barking from his 
 triple jaws, stretched at his enormous length in a den that 
 fronts the gate. To whom the prophetess, seeing his 
 neck now bristle with horrid snakes, flings a soporific 
 cake of honey and medicated grain. He, in the mad rage 
 of hunger, opening his three mouths, snatches the offered 
 morsel, and, spread on the ground, relaxes his monstrous 
 limbs, and is extended at vast length over all the cave, 
 ^neas, now that the keeper [of hell] is buried [in sleep], 
 seizes the passage, and swift overpasses the bank of that 
 flood whence there is no return. 
 
 Forthwith are heard voices, loud wailings, and weeping 
 ghosts of infants, in the first opening of the gate ; whom, 
 bereaved of sweet life out of the course of nature, and 
 snatched from the breast, a black day cut off, and buried 
 in an untimely grave. 
 
 Next to those, are such as had been condemned to 
 death by false accusations. Nor yet were those seats 
 assigned them without a trial, without a judge. Minos, 
 as inquisitor, shakes the urn : he convokes the council of 
 the silent, and examines their lives and crimes. 
 
 The next places in order those mournful ones possess, 
 who, though free from crime, procured death to them- 
 selves with their own hands, and, sick of the light, threw 
 away their lives. How gladly would they now endure 
 poverty and painful toils in the upper regions 1 Fate op- 
 poses, and the hateful lake imprisons them with its 
 
B. VI. 439-468. 
 
 155 
 
 dreary waves, and Styx, nine times rolling between, con- 
 fines them. 
 
 Not far from this part, extended on every side, are 
 shown the fields of mourning : so they call them by name. 
 Here by paths remote conceal, and myrtle-groves cover 
 those around, whom unrelenting love, with his cruelj 
 venom, consumed away. Their cares leave them not in 
 death itself. In these places he sees Phaedra and Procris, 
 and disconsolate Briphylt: pointing to the wounds she had 
 received from her cruel son ; Bvadne also, and Pasiphae : 
 these I^aodamia accompanies, and Caeneus, once a youth, 
 now a woman, and again by fate transformed into his 
 pristine shape. Amongst whom Phoenician Dido, fresh 
 from her wound, was wandering in a spacious wood; 
 whom as soon as the Trojan hero approached, and dis- 
 covered faintly through the shades, (in like manner as 
 one sees, or thinks he sees, the moon rising through the 
 clouds in the beginning of her monthly course,) he 
 dropped tears, and addressed her in love's sweet accents : 
 Hapless Dido, was it then a true report I had of your 
 being dead, and that you had finished your own destiny 
 by the sword? Was I, alas ! the cause of your death ? I 
 swear by the stars, by the powers above, and by what- 
 ever faith may be under the deep earth, that against my 
 will, O queen, I departed from thy coast. But the man- 
 dates of the gods, which now compel me to travel through 
 these shades, through noisome dreary regions and deep 
 night, drove me from you by their authority ; nor could 
 I believe that I should bring upon you such deep anguish 
 by my departure. Stay your steps, and withdraw not thy- 
 self from my sight. Whom dost thou fly ? This is the 
 last time fate allows me to address you. With these words 
 ^neas thought to soothe her soul inflamed, and eyeing him 
 with stern regard, and provoked his tears to flow. She 
 8 
 
156 
 
 B. VI. 4G9-*98. 
 
 turned away, kept her eyes fixed on the ground ; nor alters 
 her looks more, in consequence of the conversation he had 
 begun, then if she were fixed immovable like a stubborn 
 flint or rock of Parian marble. At length she abruptly 
 retired, and in detestation fled into a shady grove, where 
 Sichseus her first lord answers her with [amorous] cares, 
 and returns her love for love, ^neas, nevertheless, in 
 commotion for her disastrous fate, with weeping eyes, 
 pursues her far, and pities her as she goes. 
 
 Hence he holds on his destined way ; and now they had 
 reached the last fields, which by themselves apart re- 
 nowned warriors frequent. Here Tydeus appears to him, 
 here Parthenopoeus illustrious in arms, and the ghost of 
 Adrastus. Here [appear] those Trojans who had died in 
 the field of battle, much lamented in the upper world : 
 whom when he beheld altogether in a numerous body, he 
 inwardly groaned. Glaucus, Medon, Thersilochus, the 
 three sons of Antenor, and Polybsetes devoted to Ceres, 
 and Idseus still handling his chariot, still his armour. The 
 ghosts in crowds around him stand on the right and left : 
 nor are they satisfied with seeing him once ; they wish to 
 detain him long, to come into close conference with him, 
 and learn the reasons of his visit. But as soon as the 
 Grecian chiefs and Agamemnon's battalions saw the hero, 
 and his arms gleaming through the shades, they quaked 
 with dire dismay : some turned their backs, as when they 
 fled once to their ships ; some raise their slender voices ; 
 the scream begun dies in their gasping throats. 
 
 And here he espies Deiphobus, the son of Priam, man- 
 gled in every limb, his face, his face and both his hands 
 .cruelly torn, his temples bereft of the ears cropped off, 
 and his nostrils slit with a hideously deformed wound. 
 Thus he hardly knew him quaking for agitation, and seek- 
 ing to hide the marks of his drefidful punishment ; and he 
 
6. VI. 499-528. 
 
 157 
 
 first accosts him with well-known accents: Deiphobns, 
 great in arms, sprung from Teucer's nobleblood, who could 
 choose to inflict such cruelties ? Or who was allowed to ex- 
 ercise such power over you? To me, in that last night, a 
 report was brought that you, tired with the vast slaughter 
 of the Greeks, had fallen at last on a heap of mingled, 
 carcasses. Then, with my own hands, I raised to you an 
 empty tomb on the Rhoetean shore, and thrice with loud 
 voice I invoked your manes. Your name and arms pos- 
 sess the place. Your body, my friend, I could not find, 
 or, at my departure, deposit in thy native land. And upon 
 this the son of Priam said : Nothing, my friend, has been 
 omitted by you; you have discharged every duty to 
 Deipnobus, and to the- shadow of a corpse. But my own 
 fate, and the cursed wickedness of Helen, plunged me in 
 these woes : she hath left me these monuments [of her 
 love]. For how we passed that last night amidst ill- 
 grounded joys you know, and must remember but too 
 well, when the fatal horse came bounding over our lofty 
 walls, and pregnant brought armed infantry in its womb. 
 She, pretending a dance, led her train of Phr^^gian matrons 
 yelling around the orgies : herself in the midst held a 
 large flaming torch, and called to the Greeks from the lofty 
 tower. I, being at that time oppressed with care, and 
 overpowered with sleep, was lodged in my unfortunate 
 bed-chamber : rest, balmy, profound, and the perfect im- 
 age of a calm, peaceful death, pressed me as I lay. Mean- 
 while my incomparable spouse removes all arms from my 
 palace, and had withdrawn my trusty sword from my 
 head : she calls Menelaus into the palace, and throws open 
 the gates ; hoping, no doubt, that would be a mighty 
 favour to her amorous husband, and that thus the infamy 
 of her former wicked deeds might be extinguished. In 
 short they burst into my chamber : that traitor of the race 
 
158 
 
 B. VI. 529-558. 
 
 ofu^olus, the promoter of villainy, is joined in company 
 with them. Ye gods, requite these cruelties to the Greeks, 
 if I supplicate vengeance with pious lips ! But come now, 
 in thy turn, say what adventure hath brought thee hither 
 alive. Dost thou come driven by the casualties of the 
 main, or by the direction of the gods? or what fortune 
 compels thee to visit these dreary mansions, troubled 
 regions, where the sun never shines? 
 
 In this conversation the sun in his rosy chariot had now 
 passed the meridian in his ethereal course ; and they per- 
 haps would in this manner have passed the whole time 
 assigned them ; but the Sibyl, his companion, put him in 
 mind, and thus briefly spoke : ^neas, the night comes on 
 apace, while we waste the hours in lamentations. This is 
 the place where the path divides itself in two ; the right is 
 what leads beneath great Pluto's walls ; by this our way 
 to Elysium lies : but the left carries on the punishments 
 of the wicked, and conveys to cursed Tartarus. On the 
 other hand, Deiphobus [said] : Be not incensed, great 
 priestess ; I shall be gone ; I will fill up the number [of 
 the ghosts] and be rendered back to darkness. Go, go, 
 thou glory of our nation ; mayest thou find fates more 
 kind 1 This only he spoke, and at the word turned his 
 steps. 
 
 ^neas on a sudden looks back, and under a rock on the 
 left sees vast prisons enclosed with a triple wall, which 
 Tartarean Phlegethon's rapid flood environs with torrents 
 of flame, and whirls roaring rocks along. Fronting is a 
 huge gate, with columns of solid adamant, that no strength 
 of men, nor the gods themselves, can with steel demolish. 
 An iron tower rises aloft ; and there wakeful Tisiphone, 
 with her bloody robe tucked up around her, sits to watch 
 the vestibule both night and day. Hence groans are heard ; 
 the cruel lashes resound ; the grating, too, of iron, and 
 
B. VI. 559-587. 
 
 159 
 
 clank of dragging chains, ^neas stopped short, and 
 starting, listened to the din. What scenes of gtiilt are 
 these ? O virgin, say ; or with what pains are they chastised ? 
 what hideous yelling [ascends] to the skies ! Then thus 
 the prophetess began : Renowned leader of the Trojans, 
 no holy person is allowed to tread the accursed threshold : 
 but Hecate, when she set me over the groves of Avernus, 
 herself taught me the punishments appointed by the gods, 
 and led me through every part. Cretan Rhadamanthus 
 possesses these most ruthless realms; examines and 
 punishes frauds; and forces every one to confess what 
 crimes committed in the upper world he had left [un- 
 atoned] till the late hour of death, hugging himself in 
 secret crime of no avail. Forthwith avenging Tisiphone, 
 armed with her whip, scourges the guilty with cruel in- 
 sult, and in her left hand shaking over them her grim 
 sna)kes, calls the fierce troops of her sister Furies. 
 
 Then at length the accursed gates, grating on their 
 dreadful-sounding hinges, are thrown open. See you 
 what kind of watch sits in the entry ? what figure guards 
 the gate? An overgrown Hydra, more fell [than any 
 Fury] , with fifty black gaping mouths, has her seat within. 
 Then Tartarus itself sinks deep down, and extends towards 
 the shades twice as far as is the prospect upwards to the 
 ethereal throne of heaven. Here Earth's ancient progeny» 
 the Titanian youth, hurled down with thunderbolts, welter 
 in the profound abyss. Here, too, I saw the two sons of 
 Aloeus, gigantic bodies, who attempted with their might 
 to overturn the spacious heavens, and thrust down Jove 
 from his exalted kingdom. Salmoneus likewise I beheld 
 suffering severe punishment, for having imitated Jove's 
 flaming bolts, and the sounds of heaven. He, drawn in 
 his chariot by four horses, and brandishing a torch, rode 
 triumphant among the nations of Greece, and in the midst 
 8* 
 
160 
 
 B. VI. 588-617. 
 
 of the city Blis, and claimed to himself the honour of ihe 
 gods : infatuate ! who, with brazen car, and the prancing 
 of his horn-hoofed steeds, would needs counterfeit the 
 storms and inimitable thunder. But the almighty Sire 
 amidst the thick clouds threw a bolt, (not firebrands he, 
 nor smoky light from torches,) and hurled him down head- 
 long in a vast whirlwind. Here, too, you might have seen 
 Tityus, the foster-child of all-bearing Barth : whose body 
 is extended over nine whole acres ; and a huge vulture, 
 with her hooked beak; pecking at his immortal liver, and 
 his bowels, the fruitful source of punishment, both searches 
 them for her banquet, and dwells in the deep recesses of 
 his breast ; nor is any respite given to his fibres still spring- 
 ing up afresh. Why should I mention the Lapithse, Ixion, 
 and Pirithous, over whom hangs a black flijlty rock, ev^ry 
 moment threatening to tumble down, and seeming to be 
 actually falling ? Golden pillars [supporting] lofty genial 
 couches shine, and full in their view are banquets fur- 
 nished out with regal magnificence ; the chief of the 
 Furies sits by them, and debars them from touching the 
 provisions with their hands ; and starts up, lifting her 
 torch on high, and thunders over them with her voice. 
 
 ^lere are those who, while life remained, had been at 
 "enmity with their brothers, had beaten a parent, or 
 wrought deceit against a client ; or who alone brooded 
 over their acquired wealth, nor assigned a portion to their 
 own ; which class is the most numerous : those, too, who 
 were slain for adultery, who joined in impious wars, and 
 did not scruple to violate the faith they had plighted to 
 their masters: shut up, they await their punishment. 
 But what kind of punishment seek not to be informed, 
 in what shape [of misery], or in what state they are in- 
 volved. Some roll a huge stone, and hang fast bound to 
 the spokes of wheels. There sits, and to eternity shall 
 
B. T1. 618-C47. 
 
 ^NKID. 
 
 161 
 
 sit, the unhappy Theseus : and Phlegyas most wretched 
 is a monitor to all, and with loud voice proclaims through 
 4;he shades: Warned [by example], learn righteous- 
 ness, and not to contemn the gods." One sold his coun- 
 try for gold, and imposed on it a domineering tyrant; 
 made and unmade laws for money. Another invaded his 
 daughter's bed, and an unlawful wedlock : all of them 
 dared some heinous crime, and accomplished what they 
 dared. Had I a hundred tongues, and a hundred mouths, 
 a voice of iron, I could not comprehend all the species 
 of their crimes, nor enumerate the names of all their 
 punishments. 
 
 When the aged priestess of Phoebus had uttered these 
 words, she adds. But come now, set forward, and finish 
 the task you have undertaken ; let us haste on : I see the 
 walls [of Pluto], wrought in the forges of the Cyclops, and 
 the gates with their arch full in our view, where our in- 
 structions enjoin us to deposit this our offering. She said ; 
 and with equal pace advancing through the gloomy path, 
 they speedily traverse the intermediate space, and ap- 
 proach the gates, ^neas springs forward to the entry, 
 sprinkles his body with fresh water, and fixes the bough 
 in the fronting portal. 
 
 Having finished these rites, and performed the offering 
 to the goddess, they came at length to the regions of joy, 
 delightful green retreats, and blessed abodes in groves, 
 where happiness abounds. A freer and purer sky here 
 clothes the fields with sheeny light : they know their own ; 
 sun, their own stars. Some exercise their limbs on the 
 grassy green, in sports contend, and wrestle on the tawny 
 sand : some strike the ground with their feet in the dance, 
 and sing hymns. ^ [Orpheus,] too, the Thracian priest, in 
 his long robe, replies in melodious numbers to the seven 
 distinguished notes; and now strikes the same with his 
 
362 
 
 B. VI. G47 677 
 
 fingers, now with his ivory quill. Here may be seen 
 Teucer's ancient race, a most illustrious line, magnani- 
 mous heroes, born in happier times, Ilus, Assaracus, and 
 Dardanus, the founder of Troy. From afar, [iE)neas] views • 
 with wonder the arms and empty chariots of the chiefs. 
 Their spears stand fixed in the ground, and up and down 
 their horses feed at large through the plain. The same 
 fondness they had when alive for chariots and arms, the 
 same concern for training up shining steeds, follow them 
 when deposited beneath the earth. 
 
 IvO ! he beholds others on the right and left feasting up- 
 on the grass, and singing the joyful paean to Apollo in 
 concert, amidst a fragrant grove of laurel ; whence from 
 on high the river Kridanus rolls in copious streams 
 through the wood. Here is a band of those who sustained 
 wounds in fighting for their country ; priests who pre- 
 served themselves pure and holy, while life remained; 
 pious poets, who sung in strains worthy of Apollo ; those 
 who improved life by the invention of arts, and who by 
 their worthy deeds made others remember them : all 
 these have their temples crowned with a snow-white fil- 
 let. Whom, gathered around, the Sibyl thus addressed, 
 Musseus chiefly ; for a numerous crowd had him in their 
 centre, and looked up with reverence to him raised above 
 them by the height of his shoulders : Say, blest souls, 
 and thou, best of poets, what region, what place contains 
 Anchises? on his account we have come, and crossed the 
 great rivers of hell. And thus the hero briefly returned 
 her an answer : None of us have a fixed abode ; in shady 
 groves we dwell, or lie on couches all along the banks, and 
 on meadows fresh with rivulets : but do you, if so your 
 heart's inclination leads, overpass this eminence, and I 
 will set you in the easy path. He said, and advanced his 
 steps on before, and shows them from a rising ground the 
 
B. VI 678-707. 
 
 163 
 
 shining plains ; then they descend from the summit of 
 the mountain. But father Anchises, deep in a verdant 
 dale, was surveying with studious cares the souls there 
 enclosed, who were to revisit the light above ; and hap- 
 pened to be reviewing the whole number of his race, his 
 dear descendants, their fates and fortunes, their manners 
 and achievements. As soon as he beheld ^neas ad- 
 vancing towards him across the meads, he joyfully 
 stretched out both his hands, and tears poured down his 
 cheeks, and these words dropped from his mouth : Ace 
 yoii come at length, and has that piety, experienced by 
 your sire, surmounted the arduous journey ? Am I per- 
 mitted, my son, to see thy face, to hear and return the 
 well-known accents? So indeed I concluded in my 
 mind, and reckoned it would happen, computing the 
 time • nor have my anxious hopes deceived me. Over 
 what lands, O son, and over what immense seas, have 
 you, I hear, been tossed! with what dangers harassed! 
 how I dreaded lest you had sustained harm from lyibya's 
 realms! But he [said]. Your ghost, your sorrowing 
 ghost, my sire, oftentimes appearing, compelled me to 
 set forward to these thresholds. My fleet rides in the 
 Tyrrhene Sea. Permit me, father, to join my right 
 hand [with thine] ; and withdraw not thyself from my 
 embrace. So saying, he at the same time bedewed his 
 cheeks with a flood of tears^ .There thrice he attempted 
 to throw his arms around his neck; thrice the phantom, 
 grasped in vain, escaped his hold, like the fleet gales, or 
 resembling most a fugitive dream. 
 
 Meanwhile ^neas sees in the retired vale, a grove sit- 
 uate by itself, shrubs rustling in the woods, and the river 
 lyethe which glides by those peaceful dwellings. Around 
 this unnumbered tribes and nations of ghosts were flut- 
 tering ; as in meadows on a serene summer's day, when* 
 
184 
 
 B. VI. 708-737 
 
 the bees sit on the various blossoms, and swarm around 
 the snow-white lilies, all the plain buzzes with their hum- 
 ming noise, ^neas, confounded, shudders at the unex- 
 pected sight, and asks the causes, what are those rivers 
 in the distance, or what ghosts have in such crowds filled 
 the banks? Then father Anchises [said], Those souls, 
 for whom other bodies are destined by fate, at the streams 
 of Ivethe's flood quaif care-expelling draughts and lasting 
 oblivion. Ivong indeed have I wished to give you a de- 
 tail of these, and to point them out before you, and enu- 
 merate this my future race, that you may rejoice the 
 more with me in the discovery of Italy. O father, is it 
 to be imagined that any souls of an exalted nature will 
 go hence to the world above, and enter again into inac- 
 tive bodies? What direful love of the light possesses the 
 miserable beings? I, indeed, replies Anchises, will in- 
 form you, my son, nor hold you longer in suspense: and 
 thus he unfolds each particular in order. 
 
 In the first place, the spirit within nourishes the 
 heavens, the earth, and watery plains, the moon's en- 
 lightened orb, and the Titanian stars ; and the mind, dif- 
 fused through all the members, actuates the whole frame, 
 and mingles with the vast body [of the universe] . Thence 
 the race of men and beasts, the vital principles of the fly- 
 ing kind, and the monsters which the ocean breeds under 
 its smooth plain. These principles have the active force 
 of fire, and are of a heavenly original, so far as they are 
 not clogged by noxious bodies, blunted by earth-born' 
 ^iimbs and dying members. Hence they fear and desire, 
 grieve and rejoice ; and, shut up in darkness and a 
 gloomy prison, lose sight of their native skies. Kven 
 when with the last beams of light their life is gone, yet 
 not every ill, nor all corporeal strains, are quite removed 
 from the unhappy beings ; and it is absolutely necessary 
 
B. VI. 738-766. 
 
 165 
 
 that many imperfections which have long been joined to 
 the soul, should be in marvellous ways increased and 
 riveted therein. Therefore are they afflicted with pun- 
 ishments, and pay the penalties of their former ills. 
 Some, hung on high, are spread out to the empty winds ; 
 in others the guilt not done away is washed out in a vast 
 watery ab3^ss, or burned away in fire. We each endure 
 his own manes, thence are we conveyed along the spac- 
 ious Elysium, and we, the happy few, possess the fields 
 of bliss ; till length of time, after the fixed period is 
 elapsed, hath done away the inherent stain, and hath left 
 the pure celestial reason, and the fiery energy of the sim- 
 ple spirit. All these, after they have rolled away a 
 thousand years, are summoned forth by the god in a 
 great body to the river lyethe ; to the intent that, losing 
 i memory [of the past] , they may revisit the vaulted realms 
 \ H above, and again become willing to return into bodies. 
 Anchises thus spoke, and leads his son, together with the 
 Sibyl, into the midst of the assembly and noisy throng ; 
 thence chooses a rising ground, whence he may survey 
 them all as they stand opposite to him in a long row, and 
 discern their looks as they approach. 
 
 Now come, I will explain to you what glory shall 
 henceforth attend the Trojan race, what descendants 
 await them of the Italian nation, distinguished souls, and 
 who shall succeed to our name ; yourself, too, I will instruct 
 in your particular fate. See you that youth who leans on 
 his pointless spear? He by destiny holds a station near- 
 est to the light ; he shall ascend to the upper world the 
 first [of your race] who shall have a mixture of Italian 
 blood in his veins, Sylvius, an Alban name, your last 
 issue ; w^hom late your consort Lavinia shall in the woods 
 ^ bring forth to you in your advanced age, himself a king, 
 and the father of kings ; in whom our line shall reign over 
 
166 
 
 B. VI. 767-796. 
 
 Alba Longa. The next is Procas the glory of the Trojan 
 nation ; then Capys and Numitor follow, and ^neas Syl- 
 vius, who shall represent thee in name, equally distin- 
 guished for piety and arms, if ever he receive the crown 
 of Alba. See what youths are these, what manly force 
 they show ! and bear their temples shaded with civic oak ; 
 these to thy honour shall build Nomentum, Gabii, and the 
 city Fidena ; these on the mountains shall raise the Col- 
 latine towers, Pometia, the fort of Inuus, Bola, and Cora. 
 These shall then be famous names ; now they are lands 
 without names. Further, martial Romulus, whom Ilia 
 of the line Assaracus shall bear, shall add himself as com- 
 panion to his grandsire [Numitor] . See you not how the 
 double plumes stand on his head erect, and how the 
 father of the gods himself already marks him out with his 
 distinguished honours ! Lo, my son, under his auspicious 
 influence Rome, that city of renown, shall measure her 
 dominion by the earth, and her valour by the skies, and 
 that one city shall for herself wall around seven strong 
 hills, happy in a race of heroes ; like mother Berecyn- 
 thia, when, crowned with turrets, she rides in her chariot 
 through the Phrygian towns, joyful in a progeny of gods, 
 embracing a hundred grandchildren, all inhabitants of 
 heaven, all seated in the high celestial abodes. This way 
 now bend both your eyes ; view this lineage, and your 
 own Romans. This is Csesar, and these are the whole 
 race of liilus, who shall one da}^ rise to the spacious axle 
 of the sk}^. This, this is the man whom you have often 
 heard promised to you, Augustus Csesar, the offspring of 
 a god ; who once more shall establish the golden age in 
 lyatium, through those lands where Saturn reigned of old, 
 and shall extend his empire over the Garamantes and 
 Indians ; their land lies without the signs [of the zodiac], 
 beyond the sun's annual course, where Atlas, supporting 
 
B. VI. 797-826. 
 
 167 
 
 heaven on his shoulders, turns the axle studded with 
 flaming stars. Against his approach even now both the 
 Caspian realms and the land about the Palus Mseotis are 
 dreadfully dismayed at the responses of the gods, and the 
 quaking mouths of seven-fold Nile hurry on their troubled 
 waves. Even Hercules did not run over so many coun- 
 tries, though he transfixed the brazen-footed hind, 
 quelled the forests of Erymanthus, and made Lerna 
 tremble with his bow : nor Bacchus, who in triumph 
 drives his car with reins wrapped about with vine leaves, 
 driving the tigers from Nyssa's lofty top. And doubt we 
 yet to extend our glory by our deeds ? or is fear a bar to 
 our settling in the Ausonian land ? 
 
 But who is he at a distance, distinguished by the olive 
 boughs, bearing the sacred utensils ? I know the locks 
 and hoary beard of the Roman king, who first shall estab- 
 lish this city by laws, sent from little Cures and a poor 
 estate to vast empire. Whom TuUus shall next succeed, 
 who shall break the peace of his country, and rouse to 
 arms his inactive subjects, and troops now unused to 
 triumphs. Whom follows next vain-glorious Ancus, even 
 now too much rejoicing in the breath of popular applause. 
 Will you also see the Tarquin kings, and the haughty 
 soul of Brutus, the avenger [of his country's wrongs] , and 
 the recovered fasces? He first shall receive the consular 
 power, and the axe of justice inflexibly severe ; and the 
 sire shall, for the sake of glorious liberty, summon to 
 death his own sons, raising an unknown kind of war. Un- 
 happy he ! however posterity shall interpret that action, 
 love to his country, and the unbounded desire of praise, 
 will [prevail over paternal affection]. See besides at 
 some distance the Decii, Drusi, Torquatus, inflexibly se- 
 vere with the axe, and Camillus recovering the standards. 
 But those [two] ghosts whom you observe to shine in 
 9 
 
168 
 
 B. VI. 827 855 
 
 equal arms, in perfect friendship now, and while they re- 
 main shut up in night, ah ! what war, what battles and 
 havoc will they between them raise, if once they have 
 attained to the light of life ! the father-in-law descending 
 from the Alpine hills, and the tower of Monoecus ; the 
 son-in-law furnished with the troops of the east to oppose 
 him. Make not, my sons, make not such [unnatural] 
 wars familiar to your minds; nor turn the powerful 
 strength of your country against its bowels. And thou, 
 [Csesar,] first forbear, thou who derivest thy origin from 
 heaven ; fling those arms out of thy hand, O thou, my 
 own blood ! That one, having triumphed over Corinth, 
 shall drive his chariot victorious to the lofty Capitol, illus- 
 trious from the slaughter of Greeks. The other shall 
 overthrow Argos, and Mycenae, Agamemnon's seat, and 
 Eacides himself, the descendant of valorous Achilles ; 
 avenging his Trojan ancestors, and the violated temple of 
 Minerva. Who can in silence pass over thee, great Cato, 
 or thee, Cossus ? who the family of Gracchus, or both the 
 Scipios, those two thunderbolts of war, the bane of Africa, 
 and Fabricius in low fortune exalted? or thee, Serranus, 
 sowing in the furrow [which thy own hands had made] ? 
 Whither, ye Fabii, do you hurry me tired ? Thou art that 
 [Fabius justly styled] the Greatest, who alone shall repair 
 our state by delay. Others, I grant indeed, shall with 
 more delicacy mould the breathing brass ; from marble 
 draw the features to the life ; plead causes better ; de- 
 scribe with the rod the courses of the heavens, and ex- 
 plain the rising stars : to rule the nations with imperial 
 sway be thy care, O Romans ; these shall be thy arts ; to 
 impose terms of peace, to spare the humbled, and crush 
 the proud. 
 
 Thus father Anchises, and, as they are wondering, sub- 
 joins : Behold how adorned with triumphal spoils Mar- 
 
B. VI 856-886. 
 
 169 
 
 cellus stalks along, and shines victor above the heroes all ! 
 He, mounted on his steed, shall prop the Roman state in 
 the rage of a formidable insurrection ; the Carthaginians 
 he shall humble, and the rebellious Gaul, and dedicate to^ 
 father Quirinus the third spoils. And upon this ^nea? 
 [says] ; for he beheld marching with him a youth distin- 
 guished by his beauty and shining arms, but his counte- 
 nance of little joy, and his eyes sunk and dejected: What 
 youth is he, O father, who thus accompanies the hero as 
 he walks? is he a son, or one of the illustrious line of his 
 descendants ? What bustling noise of attendants round 
 him ! How great resemblance in him [to the other] ! but 
 sable Night with her dreary shade hovers around his head. 
 Then father Anchises, while tears gushed forth, began : 
 Seek not, my son, [to know] the deep disaster of thy kin- 
 dred : him the Fates shall just show on earth, nor suffer 
 long to exist. Ye gods, Rome's sons had seemed too 
 powerful in your eyes, had these your gifts been perma- 
 nent. What groans of heroes shall that field near the 
 Imperial city of Mars send forth ! what funeral pomp shall 
 you, O Tiberinus, see, when you glide by his recent tomb [ 
 Neither shall any youth of the Trojan line in hope exalt 
 the Latin fathers so high ; nor shall the land of Romulus 
 ever glory so much in any of her sons. Ah piety ! ah 
 that faith of ancient times ! and that right hand invincible 
 in war! none with impunity had encountered him in 
 arms, either when on foot he rushed upon the foe, or 
 when he pierced with his spur his foan: ing courser's 
 flanks. Ah youth, meet subject for pity ! if by any means 
 thou canst burst rigorous fate, thou shalt be a Marcellus. 
 Give me lilies in handfuls ; let me strew the blooming 
 flowers ; these offerings at least let me heap upon my 
 descendant's shade, and discharge this unavailing duty. 
 Thus up and down they roam through all the [Blysian} 
 
170 
 
 B. VI. 887-901. 
 
 Regions in spacious airy fields, and survey every object : 
 through each of whom when Anchises had conducted his 
 son, and fired his soul with the love of coming fame, he 
 next recounts to the hero what wars he must hereafter 
 wage, informs him of the Laurentine people, and of the 
 city of Latinus, and by what means he may shun or sur- 
 mount every toil. 
 
 Two gates there are of Sleep, whereof the one is said to 
 be of horn ; by which an easy egress is given to true 
 visions ; the other shining, wrought of white ivory ; but 
 [through it] the infernal gods send up false dreams to the 
 upper world. When Anchises had addressed this discourse 
 to his son and the Sibyl together, and dismissed them by 
 the ivory gate, the hero speeds his way to the ships, and 
 revisits his friends ; then steers directly along the coast 
 for the port of Caieta : where, [when he had arrived,] the 
 anchor is thrown out from the forecastle, the stems rest 
 upon the shore. 
 
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