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 EASLES IN MICHIGAN 
 
 DURING THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1890. 
 
 REPORT COMPILED FROM REPORTS TO AND CORRESPONDENCE OF 
 THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF THE 
 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
 
 sprinted from the Nineteenth Annual Report of the Secretary of the Michigan State Board of 
 
 Health, for the Fiscal Year ending June 30, 1891. 
 
 Reprint No. 383. 
 
MEASLES IN MICHIGAN. 
 
 DURING THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1890. 
 
 [ Reprinted from the Annual Report of the Michigan State Board of Health for the year 1891.J 
 
 [ Reprint No. 883. ] 
 
 There were reported to the Secretary of the State Board of Health in 
 all 421 outbreaks of measles, in 407 local jurisdictions, as having occurred 
 in Michigan during the year 1890; and in these outbreaks there were 
 reported to have occurred 11,911* cases and 140* deaths. For the preced¬ 
 ing year, 1889, there were reported only 2,899 cases and 28 deaths in 148 
 local jurisdictions. Each year the State Board of Health is making more 
 effort to get local health officials to take measures to prevent the spread of 
 measles, and to make reports to this office concerning that disease in their 
 localities, and it is probable that a larger proportion of the actual numbers 
 of cases and deaths were reported in 1890 than in 1889.f But the princi¬ 
 pal reason why there were so few cases and deaths from measles reported 
 in 1889 is that measles runs in waves, the maximum crests of which are 
 about 7 or 8 years apart, and a trough between two waves of measles fell 
 in the year 1889. This may be seen by referring to Table 1, and the 
 accompanying diagram. 
 
 TABLE 1 .—Exhibiting the reported number of deaths from measles per 100,000per¬ 
 sons living in Michigan in each of the 24 years, 1869-91. Compiled from the Secre¬ 
 tary of State's Vital Statistics of Michigan. (Population estimated by average 
 annual increase, by Dr. Wilbur, Chief of Vital Statistics in State Department.) 
 
 Year. 
 
 1868. 
 
 1869. 
 
 1870. 
 
 1871. 
 
 1872. 
 
 1873. 
 
 1874. 
 
 1875. 
 
 1876. 
 
 1877. 
 
 1878. 
 
 1879. 
 
 _/_ 
 
 Deaths. ... 
 
 8.66 
 
 12.88 
 
 4.72 
 
 5.45 
 
 14.12 
 
 18.56 
 
 3.37 
 
 9.50 
 
 8.10 
 
 4.13 
 
 1.03 
 
 10.49 
 
 Year. 
 
 1880. 
 
 1881. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1888. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1885. 
 
 1886. 
 
 1887. 
 
 1888. 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 Deaths_ _ ... 
 
 7.63 
 
 15.21 
 
 8.68 
 
 14.54 
 
 7.91 
 
 2.04 
 
 6.75 
 
 14.56 
 
 20.62 
 
 5.08 
 
 10.94 
 
 10.51 
 
 * Only the 37 cases which died were reported from the city of Detroit. If in that city the deaths were 
 the same per cent of the cases as was reported for the rest of the State (.87 of one per cent), 4,252 cases of 
 measles occurred in that city during the year 18P0, making the number of cases for the whole State 16,126, 
 instead of 11,911 as given above. But probably not half of the cases of measles were reported, as is evi¬ 
 denced in the note following this. 
 
 t Probably not half of the cases and deaths are yet reported ; this is evident from the fact that for the 
 year 1890 there were reported to the Secretary of State 229 deaths from measles; and it is well known that 
 not all deaths are reported to the Secretary of State. The Secretary of the State Board of Health esti¬ 
 mates that in order to equal the actual number of deaths, the reported deaths should be increased by forty 
 per cent. If this is done, the probable number of deaths from measles in 1890 is found to be 321. 
 
MEASLES IN MICHIGAN IN 1890. 
 
 •239 
 
 R ejjorte d Deaths from JCeasles in <Jiichigqin 9 2JJ l/ectrs, 
 
 Diagram l f graphically represents Jaile 1 which Supplies the figure* in detail . 
 
 MEASLES SHOULD BE RESTRICTED. 
 
 As yet very little effort is made in localities to restrict measles, as there 
 is quite a prevalent but erroneous idea that measles is not a dangerous dis¬ 
 ease. The following are some important reasons which have led the Mich¬ 
 igan State Board of Health to class measles, for the purpose of restriction, 
 with “diseases dangerous to the public health”: (1) it is a communicable 
 disease and therefore preventable; (2) it causes more than two hundred 
 deaths each year in Michigan; (3) it causes several thousands of easels of 
 sickness each year; (4) it frequently injures or destroys the organs of sight 
 or hearing of those who survive the disease 1 ; (5) it frequently prepares the 
 way for and is closely followed by pneumonia and consumption*; (6) there 
 is danger of measles becoming as prevalent in Michigan as it now is in 
 England where it destroys more lives than diphtheria and scarlet fever 
 combined, t 
 
 As may be seen by Table 2, isolation and disinfection were reported to 
 have been enforced in only (5 of the 419 outbreaks of measles; and 
 these measures were both reported to have been neglected in 57 outbreaks. 
 The difference, in favor of isolation and disinfection, is very marked,—the 
 average number of cases per outbreak where isolation and disinfection 
 were neglected having.been 84.54, and the deaths .77; and in the 6 out¬ 
 breaks where these measures were enforced the average number of cases 
 was only 3.15, and there were no deaths. In two outbreaks isolation, only, 
 was reported as having been enforced, and one outbreak disinfection, only, 
 was reported as having been enforced. In the 351 outbreaks in the reports 
 of which isolation or disinfection or both were not mentioned or the state- 
 
 * Atkinson, in Wood’s Reference Handbook of the Medical Sciences, Vol. IV, p 681; Qnain, Dictionary 
 of Medicine, p.927; Ziemssen, Cyclopedia of the Practice of Medicine, Vol. II, pp. 102-106. 
 
 t According to the Fifty-first Annual Report of the Registrar-General, of Births, Marriages and Deaths 
 in England, p. lii,—during the 4 years 1884-8 the average annual number of deaths, per million persons 
 living, from scarlet fever and diphtheria combined was only 395, while from measles alone it was 577. 
 
240 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.—REPORT OF SECRETARY, 1891. 
 
 ments were doubtful, considerable effective work was apparently done in 
 the way of isolation and disinfection. The result is seen by comparing 
 the average numbers of cases and deaths in this “doubtful” column with 
 those in the column headed “Isolation and Disinfection Neglected.” In 
 the “doubtful” column the average number of cases was only 17.92 and 
 the deaths .11; in the “neglected” column the average number of cases 
 was 84.54 and the deaths .77. In other words, there were seven times as 
 many deaths and nearly five times as many cases in those outbreaks known 
 to be neglected, as in those outbreaks classed as “doubtful” because the 
 reports were not sufficiently definite to be classed as certainly “ isolated 
 and disinfected.” If in the 353 outbreaks in the “doubtful” column there 
 had been no isolation or disinfection, it is probable that the average num¬ 
 bers of cases and deaths would have been about the same as in the 57 out¬ 
 breaks in which both isolation and disinfection were known to have been 
 neglected, or an average of 84 54 cases and .77 deaths per outbreak, or a 
 total of 29,843 cases and 272 deaths in the 353 outbreaks. Taking from 
 these the 6,326 cases and 59 deaths that occurred, there remain 23,517 
 cases and 213 deaths indicated as having been prevented by isolation and 
 disinfection in these 353 outbreaks. 
 
 It is to be hoped that health officers will make all possible effort to get 
 the people and attending physicians to cooperate with them in restricting 
 measles by strict isolation and thorough disinfection. 
 
 TABLE 2 .—Exhibiting the numbers of Outbreaks, Cases and Deaths from Measles 
 in Michigan during the year 1890, and also the average numbers of Cases and 
 Deaths per Outbreak in each of the following groups of Outbreaks: ( 1 ) All Out¬ 
 breaks; ( 2) the 353 Outbreaks in which Isolation or Disinfection or both were Neg¬ 
 lected or the statements were Doubtful; (3) the 2 Outbreaks in which only Isolation 
 was Enforced; (4) the 1 Outbreak in which only Disinfection was Enforced; (5) the 
 57 Outbreaks in ivhich both Isolation and Disinfection were Neglected; and (6) the 
 6 Outbreaks in which both Isolation and Disinfection were Enforced. 
 
 1 
 
 * 
 
 u> 
 
 All Outbreaks.* 
 
 (2) 
 
 Isolation or 
 Disinfection 
 not mentioned 
 or statements 
 Doubtful. 
 
 (3) 
 
 Only 
 
 Isolation 
 
 Enforced. 
 
 (4) 
 
 Only 
 
 Disinfection 
 
 Enforced. 
 
 (5) 
 
 Isolation 
 
 and 
 
 Disinfection 
 
 Neglected. 
 
 (6) 
 
 Isolation 
 
 and 
 
 Disinfection 
 
 Enforced. 
 
 Outbreaks. 
 
 OD 
 
 0 
 
 CD 
 
 C3 
 
 r \ 
 
 Deaths. 
 
 Outbreaks. | 
 
 Cases. 
 
 0 
 
 CG 
 
 0 
 
 Q 
 
 Outbreaks. 
 
 Cases. 
 
 Deaths. 
 
 Outbreaks. 
 
 Cases. 
 
 Deaths. 
 
 Outbreaks. 
 
 Cases. 
 
 1 Deaths, 
 
 Outbreaks. 
 
 Cases. 
 
 Deaths. 
 
 Total_ 
 
 419 
 
 11,189 
 
 103 
 
 353 
 
 6,326 
 
 59 
 
 2 
 
 17 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 57 
 
 4,819 
 
 44 
 
 6 
 
 19 
 
 0 
 
 Average _ 
 
 
 26.70 
 
 .25 
 
 
 ' 17.92 
 
 .11 
 
 — 
 
 8.50 
 
 0 
 
 .... 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 .... 
 
 84.54 
 
 .77 
 
 
 3.16 
 
 0 
 
 * The number of outbreaks, cases, and deaths given in this column differ from those given in the first 
 paragraph of this article, those from Detroit and Grand Rapids not being included in this table, because 
 in those cities measles is present throughout the year, and as the reports are now made there is no way of 
 distinguishing separate outbreaks. 
 
 INFLUENCE OF AGE IN MEASLES. 
 
 The reports of local health officials in Michigan for the year 1890, gave 
 the ages of 3,367 persons who were sick with measles, and of 21 persons 
 
MEASLES IN MICHIGAN IN 1890. 
 
 241 
 
 who died of that disease. Table 3 represents, in certain age-groups, (1) 
 the number of cases and (2) the number of deaths from measles; (3) the 
 per cent that the cases in each group were of all cases of measles; (4) the 
 per cent that the deaths in each group were of all deaths from measles; 
 and (5) the per cent that the deaths in each group were of the cases in 
 each group respectively,—compiled from all reports for the year 1890 
 which stated the ages. 
 
 By this table (3) it may be seen that the greatest proportion of cases of 
 measles occurred in persons from 5 to 10 years of age,—over one-third 
 (37.87 per cent) of all cases having occurred in that period or age. The 
 next highest five-year period is the first five years of age, “0-5.” From 
 the second five-year period the numbers of cases grade downward, each 
 succeeding period being lower than the preceding period. 
 
 The probable reason for the large proportion of cases in persons from 
 5 to 10 years of age is that a larger proportion of children commence 
 going to school in that period than at any other (the schools being centers 
 of infection in localities where cases of measles are not strictly isolated); 
 and that a large proportion of persons in the later age-periods are pro¬ 
 tected by having had measles in earlier ages. 
 
 By Table 3 it may also be seen that the greatest proportion of deaths 
 occurred in the first five-year period, over half of all deaths (57.1 per 
 cent) having occurred in that age-period; and of these five years the great¬ 
 est proportion of deaths (23.8 per cent of all deaths from measles) occurred 
 in the second year of age. 
 
 The last line of this table, giving the per cent the deaths in each group 
 were of the cases in each group respectively, is perhaps the most import¬ 
 ant one. When the data for several years can be combined in a line like 
 this, it will go far towards settling the question as to the age in which there 
 is least danger of a case of measles proving fatal in Michigan. The data 
 for the one year/1890, indicate that there is greatest danger of a case prov¬ 
 ing fatal during the first five years of age, and that there is least danger 
 from about 5 or 10 to 25 or 30 years of age,—the per cent of cases proving 
 fatal having been: in children under 5 years of age, 1.54; in persons from 
 5 to 25, .29; and in persons from 25 to 55, 1.14. 
 
 There is an erroneous and very harmful belief, quite prevalent among 
 parents, that measles cannot ultimately be escaped any more than teeth¬ 
 ing, and that the least dangerous time for persons to have the disease is 
 while quite young children,—the reverse of the facts as shown above. As 
 a result of this mistaken belief there is frequently presented the shocking 
 spectacle of a mother deliberately exposing her young child to measles, 
 like the devoted but deluded Indian mother who, in tears, consigns her 
 babe to the “sacred river” Ganges, to become food for crocodiles, in the 
 vain belief that it is best for her child. The following, quoted from the 
 report of Dr. G. C. Hafford, health officer of the village of Manistique, 
 relative to the difficulties which he encountered in endeavoring to restrict 
 an outbreak of measles in that village is an instance illustrating the force 
 of this mistaken belief, and, in this respect, his report is representative of 
 the reports of many health officers: “Many people, wanting children to 
 have measles while small, would intentionally expose them.” 
 
 31 
 
242 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.—REPORT OF SECRETARY, 1891. 
 
 TABLE 3.— Exhibiting, in certain Age-Groups , the number of Cases and the number 
 of Deaths from Measles; the per cent that the Cases in each group were of All Cases , 
 the per cent that the Deaths in each group were of All Deaths; and the per cent that 
 the Deaths in each group were of the Cases in that group,—Compiled from all 
 reports for the year 1890 which stated the ages. 
 
 
 J 
 
 Number and per cent of Cases and Deaths in certain Age-groups. 
 
 Ages in Groups of 
 Years.. 
 
 & 
 
 All 
 
 Ages. 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 • 
 
 W 
 
 1 
 
 vH 
 
 OO 
 
 1 
 
 CM 
 
 3-4, 
 
 1 
 
 . 
 
 HO 
 
 A 
 
 5-10. 
 
 10-15. 
 
 15-20. 
 
 20-25. 
 
 25-30. 
 
 HO 
 
 Ot 
 
 <i 
 
 cc 
 
 O 
 
 £ 
 
 40-45. 
 
 '09A*f 
 
 50-55. 
 
 No. of Cases. 
 
 8,363 
 
 84 
 
 143 
 
 156 
 
 191 
 
 205 
 
 779 
 
 1,275 
 
 639 
 
 318 
 
 179 
 
 71 
 
 54 
 
 28 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 Per cent the cases 
 in each group 
 were of all cases. 
 
 100 
 
 2.49 
 
 4.25 
 
 4.64 
 
 5.68 
 
 6.09 
 
 23.16 
 
 37.91 
 
 19.00 
 
 9.46 
 
 5.32 
 
 2.11 
 
 1 61 
 
 0.83 
 
 - 
 
 0.33 
 
 0.30 
 
 0.06 
 
 No. of Deaths .. . 
 
 21 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 Per cent the deaths 
 in each group 
 were of all deaths 
 
 100 
 
 14.3 
 
 23.8 
 
 14.3 
 
 0 
 
 4.8 
 
 57.1 
 
 14.3 
 
 4.8 
 
 9.5 
 
 4.8 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 4.8 
 
 0 
 
 4.8 
 
 0 
 
 Per cent the deaths 
 in each group 
 were of cases in 
 that group_ 
 
 0.62 
 
 3.57 
 
 3.50 
 
 1.92 
 
 0 
 
 0.49 
 
 _ J 
 
 1.54 
 
 0.24 
 
 ^ _ 
 
 0.16 
 
 0 63 
 
 0.56 
 
 y 
 
 0 
 
 V. 
 
 0 
 
 3.57 
 
 0 
 
 10.00 
 
 0 
 
 1.54 
 
 .29 
 
 -y 
 
 1.14 
 
 SOURCE OF CONTAGIUM OF OUTBREAKS OF MEASLES. 
 
 Of the 419 outbreaks of measles reported to this office, as having 
 occurred in the year 1890, the local health officials reported relative to the 
 source of contagium in ways which may be summarized as follows:— 
 Traced to a former case, 146; probably traced to a former case, 3; unknown. 
 91; not reported, 179. 
 
 TABLE 4 .—Reported Source of Contagium of Outbreaks of Measles in Michigan 
 
 during the year 1890. 
 
 Source. 
 
 i 
 
 Numbers 
 
 of 
 
 Outbreaks. 
 
 Traced to a former case . ... . _ _ 
 
 146 
 
 Probably traced to a former case . __ .. _ . .- 
 
 3 
 
 Unknown (includes 9 reported “epidemic”)_ __ 
 
 91 
 
 Not stated . . . _ - . _ ___ - 
 
 179 
 
 
 
 All outbreaks _ _ ___ _ _ 
 
 419 
 
 
 
MEASLES IN MICHIGAN IN 1890. 
 
 243 
 
 TABLE 5.— First, second , and third localities, where the second locality was infected 
 with measles from the first, and the third was infected from the second; and the 
 numbers of cases and deaths from measles in the first, second, and third localities. 
 (Compiled from reports of health officers who were able to trace the source of con- 
 tagium to other localities.) 
 
 In First 
 Locality. 
 
 Secondary Localities 
 infected from 
 Primary. 
 
 In 
 
 Second 
 
 Locality. 
 
 CO 
 
 <D 
 
 CD 
 
 cd 
 
 o 
 
 Deaths. 
 
 Cases. 
 
 Deaths. 
 
 
 
 Berrien county: 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 Galien village_ 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 Van Buren county: 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 — 
 
 Hartford village .... 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 Hillsdale county: 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 Litchfield village. 
 
 63 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 fCalhoun county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Clarence township_ 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 Jackson county: 
 
 
 
 303 
 
 2 
 
 
 Spring Arbor. 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 Hillsdale county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Litchfield village_ 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 Calhoun county: 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 2 
 
 Homer township_ 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 fCass county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Silver Creek township. 
 
 9 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 Volina township. 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Van Buren county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ Hartford village_ 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 Gratiot county: 
 
 
 
 500 
 
 5 
 
 Alma village_ 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Crawford county: 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 ---- 
 
 Grove township_ 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 Lenawee county: 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 .... 
 
 Rome township_ ... 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 Genesee county: 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 — 
 
 Clayton township_ 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 Gladwin county: 
 
 
 
 ❖ 
 
 .... 
 
 Billings township_ 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 Grand Traverse county: 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 .... 
 
 Long Lake township.. 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 Gratiot county: 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 —- 
 
 Newark township_ 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 Hillsdale county: 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 0 
 
 Moscow township. 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 Houghton county: 
 
 
 
 ❖ 
 
 .... 
 
 Adams township_ 
 
 275 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 Keweenaw county: 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 Sherman township_ 
 
 13 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 Huron county: 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 0 
 
 Bad Axe village. _ 
 
 17 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 Sanilac county: 
 
 
 
 300 
 
 10 
 
 Forester township_ 
 
 20 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 Ingham county: 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 Meridian township.. 
 
 9 
 
 0 
 
 * 
 
 .... 
 
 Webberville village ... 
 
 100 
 
 1 
 
 Primary Localities 
 from which 
 Measles Spread. 
 
 Berrien county: 
 Galien township. 
 
 Berrien county: 
 Lake township.. 
 
 Branch county: 
 Butler township 
 
 Calhoun county: 
 Albion city_ 
 
 Calhoun county: 
 Homer village. 
 
 Cass county: 
 Dowagiac city. 
 
 Clinton county: 
 
 St. Johns village. 
 
 Crawford county: 
 Grayling city_ 
 
 Eaton county: 
 Eaton Rapids. 
 
 Genesee county: 
 Flushing village_ 
 
 Gladwin county: 
 
 Grant township_ 
 
 Grand Traverse county: 
 Traverse City. 
 
 Gratiot county: 
 Fulton township. 
 
 Hillsdale county: 
 Hillsdale city_ 
 
 Houghton county: 
 Calumet village. 
 
 Houghton county: 
 Red Jacket village. 
 
 Huron county: 
 Meade township. 
 
 l 
 
 Sand Beach village 
 
 Ingham county: 
 Lansing city.. 
 Mason city_ 
 
 Tertiary Localities 
 infected from 
 Secondary. 
 
 In Third 
 Locality. 
 
 CD 
 
 0 ) 
 
 CO 
 
 cd 
 
 U 
 
 Huron county: 
 Sheridan township 
 
 22 
 
 00 
 
 c3 
 
 0 > 
 
 A 
 
 * This outbreak was not reported to this office by the health officer of the “ first ” locality at the time 
 it occurred. 
 
244 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.—REPORT OF SECRETARY, 1891. 
 
 TABLE 5.—Continued. 
 
 Primary Localities 
 from which 
 
 Measles Spread. 
 
 In First 
 Locality. 
 
 Secondary Localities 
 infected from 
 Primary. 
 
 In 
 
 Second 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Tertiary Localities 
 infected from 
 Secondary. 
 
 In Third 
 Locality. 
 
 CD 
 
 o> 
 
 CD 
 
 cO 
 
 u 
 
 0D 
 
 -G 
 
 co 
 
 <D 
 
 A 
 
 CD 
 
 £ 
 
 co 
 
 CD 
 
 CO 
 
 <L 
 
 P 
 
 CD 
 
 Q) 
 
 GD 
 
 C0 
 
 o 
 
 XI 
 
 eS I 
 ffi I 
 
 A 
 
 Ionia county: 
 
 
 
 Mecosta county: 
 
 
 
 Mecosta county; 
 
 
 < 
 
 Otisco township__ 
 
 * 
 
 ... 
 
 Morley village.. _ 
 
 51 
 
 1 
 
 Aetna township... 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 Iasbella county: 
 
 
 
 Midland county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mt. Pleasant city_ 
 
 * 
 
 
 Coleman village... 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Jackson county: 
 
 
 
 Lenawee county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jackson city_ 
 
 * 
 
 .... 
 
 Ogden township.. 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 I 
 
 Kalkaska county: 
 
 
 
 Kalkaska county: 
 
 
 
 Kalkaska county: 
 
 
 
 Kalkaska village_ 
 
 * 
 
 __ 
 
 Rapid River township. 
 
 51 
 
 1 
 
 Cold Spring tp_ 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 Orange township_ 
 
 21 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 f Baraga county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Midville village_ 
 
 16 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Eaton county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Kent county: 
 
 
 
 
 Charlotte city_ 
 
 21 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 Grand Rapids city., 
 
 754 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Kent county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Walker township_ 
 
 8 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 Muskegon county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Whitehall village..... 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 Manistee county: 
 
 
 
 Manistee county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cleon township_ 
 
 ❖ 
 
 
 Morilla township.. ... 
 
 14 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 Mecosta county: 
 
 
 
 Mecosta county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Deerfield township.... 
 
 15 
 
 0 
 
 Morley village.. 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 Midland county: 
 
 
 
 Midland county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Midland city..... 
 
 * 
 
 
 Lee township 
 
 11 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Montcalm county: 
 
 
 
 Montcalm county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 ! 
 
 McBride village_ 
 
 * 
 
 .... 
 
 Ferris township_ 
 
 75 
 
 l 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 Montcalm county: 
 
 
 
 Wayne county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Greenville city.. 
 
 * 
 
 .... 
 
 Northville village_ 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 f Muskegon county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i No. Muskegon village.. 
 
 40 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 Muskegon county: 
 
 
 
 
 Whitehall village. 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 Muskegon city_ 
 
 225 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | Wexford county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 t. Wexford township.... 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 Oakland county: 
 
 
 
 Lapeer county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Oxford township. 
 
 * 
 
 .... 
 
 Metamora township... 
 
 13 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 Oakland county: 
 
 
 
 Oakland county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lyons township_ 
 
 * 
 
 
 Novi township. 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 Oakland county: 
 
 
 
 Livingston county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 South Lyons village... 
 
 10 
 
 .... 
 
 Brighton township_ 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 Otsego county: 
 
 
 
 Ogemaw county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lake township.. .. _. 
 
 * 
 
 — 
 
 Beaver Lake township. 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^Saginaw county: 
 
 
 
 Saginaw county: 
 
 
 
 oaginaw county: 
 Chesaning township... 
 
 15 
 
 0 
 
 
 1 Chesaning village. .... 
 
 \ Shiawassee county: 
 
 24 
 
 0 
 
 Albee township... 
 
 150 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 New Haven township.. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Saginaw county: 
 
 
 
 Saginaw county: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Merrill village... 
 
 * 
 
 — 
 
 Lakefield township... 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 * This outbreak was not reported to this office by the health officer of the “first ” locality at the time 
 it occurred. 
 
MEASLES IN MICHIGAN IN 1890. 
 
 245 
 
 TABLE 5.—Continued. 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 
 Primary Localities 
 from which 
 Measles Spread. 
 
 Saginaw county: 
 Saginaw city... 
 
 Saginaw county 
 
 Tuscola county: 
 Mayville village. 
 
 Van Buren county: 
 Decatur village.. 
 Lawton village.. 
 
 Washtenaw county: 
 Ann Arbor city ... 
 
 In First 
 Locality. 
 
 0Q 
 
 0> 
 
 CD 
 
 a 
 
 236 
 
 75 
 
 * 
 
 Wayne county: 
 Detroit city. 
 
 Wayne county: 
 
 Van Buren township .. 
 
 Wexford county: 
 Cadillac city.. 
 
 Outside the State. 
 Canada.. 
 
 Chicago. 
 
 New Carlisle: 
 Indiana.... 
 
 South Bend: 
 Indiana... 
 
 Kansas. 
 
 New York city. 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Marquette: 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 101 
 
 CD 
 
 a 
 
 03 
 
 ® 
 
 Q 
 
 Secondary Localities 
 infected from 
 Primary. 
 
 Midland county: 
 Homer township 
 
 Clare county: 
 
 Hayes township. 
 
 Tuscola county: 
 Dayton township. 
 
 Van Buren county: 
 
 Decatur township. 
 Porter township_ 
 
 fLeelanaw county: 
 
 Bingham township.. 
 
 Livingston county: 
 Unadilla township .. 
 
 Macomb county: 
 Lenox township_ 
 
 i St. Clair county: 
 
 ' Columbus township. 
 
 Wayne county: 
 
 Bedford township... 
 
 Washtenaw county: 
 Superior township.. 
 
 Manistee county: 
 Manistee city... 
 
 Ionia county: 
 
 Campbell township_ 
 
 f Calhoun county: 
 
 Burlington township.. 
 
 I Mecosta county: 
 
 ^ Aetna township.. 
 
 Berrien county: 
 
 Galien village. 
 
 Cass county: 
 
 Calvin township. 
 
 Oakland county: 
 Pontiac city. 
 
 Marquette county: 
 Michigamme township 
 
 Allegan county: 
 Plainwell village_ 
 
 , Branch county: 
 Coldwater city. 
 
 Lenawee county: 
 Morenci village. 
 
 Baraga county: 
 Baraga township. 
 
 In 
 
 Second 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Tertiary Localities 
 infected from 
 Secondary. 
 
 00 
 
 © 
 
 X 
 
 CC 
 
 r ■> 
 
 Deaths. 
 
 20 
 
 0 
 
 • 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 75 
 
 0 
 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 
 19 
 
 0 
 
 
 20 
 
 0 
 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 19 
 
 0 
 
 / 
 
 150 
 
 0 
 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 • 
 
 57 
 
 0 
 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 
 In Third 
 Locality. 
 
 GO 
 
 ® 
 
 CD 
 
 cd 
 
 O 
 
 gd 
 
 A 
 
 cd 
 
 ® 
 
 Q 
 
 * This outbreak was not reported to this office by the health officer of the “ first” locality at the time 
 it occurred. 
 
 32 
 
246 STATE BOARD OP HEALTH.—REPORT OF SECRETARY, 1891. 
 
 PROPORTION OF MEASLES IN THE DIFFERENT MONTHS OF THE YEAR 1890. 
 
 Table 6 exhibits the proportion of measles reported in each month of 
 the year 1890. Theirs/ line gives the per cent of all weekly postal-card’ 
 reports , made by physicians in active general practice, which reported the 
 presence of measles under their observation. The second line gives the 
 average per cent of all these reporters who stated the presence of measles. 
 The third line states the average order of prevalence of measles in the list 
 of diseases reported. The fourth line represents the prevalence of measles, 
 being a combination of the first and third lines of this table (the method 
 of combining them is explained on pages 122-3 of the Annual Report of 
 this Board for the year 1890). In this third line the smallest numbers 
 indicate the greatest prevalence,—for instance, May is 1 or first in preva¬ 
 lence,—more measles in May than in any other month; June is 2 or 
 second in prevalence; March is 3 or third in prevalence; and so on. The 
 fifth line represents by months the number of outbreaks of measles 
 reported to this office by health officers and clerks, including only the 
 reports which gave the dates of outbreaks,—reports of 46 outbreaks did 
 not give dates and, of course, those outbreaks could not be included in this 
 line. 
 
 The evidence in the various lines of this table (6) seems to indicate that 
 in Michigan measles is most prevalent in the first half of the calendar 
 year, the maximum occurring about May or June and the minimum about 
 August or September. But this evidence is only for a single year, and 
 might, therefore, be exceptional. In Exhibit XX., page 137, of this Annual 
 Report for 1891, is a statement of the average per cent of weekly card 
 reports stating the presence of measles by months for the thirteen years 
 1877-89, from which it appears that the maximum occurs in May, and the 
 minimum in October. 
 
 TABLE 6 .—Measles in Michigan during the year 1890, exhibiting, by months, the 
 per cent of all weekly card-reports received which stated the presence of measles; the ,S 
 average per cent of all observers reporting weekly who reported measles; the aver¬ 
 age order of prevalence of measles where it was present; and the number of , 
 outbreaks reported by health officers and clerks of local boards of health. 
 
 1890. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 May. 
 
 Jane. 
 
 Jnly. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Dec. ; 
 
 Per cent of weekly 
 card reports stat¬ 
 ing presence of 
 measles.. 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 19 
 
 19 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 22 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 7 8 
 
 Average per cent of 
 observers who 
 reported measles 
 present. 
 
 22 
 
 18 
 
 29 
 
 31 
 
 29 
 
 35 
 
 37 
 
 30 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 17 ! 
 
 Average order of 
 prevalence where 
 present.. 
 
 3.0 
 
 4.4 
 
 3.2 
 
 2.5 
 
 2.8 
 
 2.7 
 
 2.9 
 
 2.9 
 
 4.3 
 
 3.2 
 
 3.3 
 
 1.7 
 
 2.8 | 
 
 Prevalence *___. 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 8 -I 
 
 Outbreaks.. 
 
 375 
 
 24 
 
 30 
 
 45 
 
 68 
 
 74 
 
 36 
 
 27 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 14 
 
 18 
 
 31 31 
 
 * Explained in the text accompanying this table.