L I B R.A R.Y OF THE UNIVLR5 ITY OF ILLINOIS \ 974. 68 W78h v.l [isna linn For a review of this work see: American Historical Review , v. 51 #4, July 1946, pp. 771-772. Reviews by Alfred P~ James and Julian P. Boyd. Also see: Middleton, Arthur P. and Douglas Adair "The Mystery of the Horn Papers," William & Mary Quarterly, Ser. 3, v. 4 #4, October 1947. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/hornpapersearlyw01horn THE HORN PAPERS EARLY WESTWARD MOVEMENT ON THE MONONGAHELA AND UPPER OHIO 1765-1795 By W. F. HORN In Three Volumes VOLUME I Published for a committee of the Greene County Historical Society, Waynesburg, Pennsylvania by the Herald Press, Scottdale, Pennsylvania 1945 Copyright 1945 By Wl F. Horn, J. L. Fulton, A. L. Moredock The Herald Press, Scottdale, Pennsylvania Printed in U. S. A. H' n CONTENTS— VOLUME I PART I Page I Jacob Horn's Diary \ II Christopher Horn's Notes 40 J III Diary of John Horn, The Elder 65 IV Day Book of John Horn, Jr 6g V Camp Cat Fish Court Docket 1772 71 VI Miscellaneous Papers and Maps 128 PART II Chapter 1 Spanish and French Explorations 147 2 Colonial History 169 Pennsylvania 170 New York 171 Maryland 173 Virginia 174 Iron Manufacturing in Virginia 184 3 George Washington and the Ohio Company 197 The Ohio Company 213 The Walpole Grant 220 The Battle of Flint Top 221 4 Christopher Gist 225 5 Jacob Horn 243 6 The French Lead Plates 247 7 A Summary of the Causes Which Led to the American Revolution 251 8 Indian Wars and Massacres 279 William Thomas 281 Battle of Lower Ten Mile 282 The Spicer Massacre 283 4 The Roeferty Massacre 287 The Armstrong Massacre 288 The Crow Sisters 290 Cayuga-Seneca Indians in Eastern Greene Co 291 John Canon and Dunmore's War 293 9 Pictured Rocks and Indian Trails 294 The Nemacolin Trail 302 .? vii THE HORN PAPERS 10 Some Noted Indians 306 Mathias Splitlog 306 Chief Bluejacket 309 White Eyes 312 Oppaymolleh 313 Wa-ha-wag-lo 314 Bald Eagle 315 Bowlegs 318 Cannesatego's Speech 319 Logan and the Mingos 321 Extracts from Colonel Frye's Notes 322 1 1 First Courts and Courthouses 327 12 Early Forts 333 Fort Morris 333 Fort Queen Elizabeth 334 Grayble Blockhouse 335 Fort George 338 Fort Martin 339 Forts Jumonville and Burd 340 Fort Harrod 342 Other Forts 347 13 Mason-Dixon Line 354 Setting of the Post 362 Virginia Surveys 364 14 Forgotten Towns 367 McCullough Town 367 Augusta Town 368 Razortown 374 Logstown 376 1 5 Modern Towns 379 Waynesburg 379 Clarksville 385 Greensboro 393 Jefferson 395 Hillsboro 404 Brave 405 Mt. Morris 406 Carmichaels 408 Wind Ridge 410 Vlll MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS VOLUME I Christopher Horn's Cabin Frontispiece The Fur House of Jean Le Beau g Bar at Half Moon Bend of the Potomac 16 Turkey Foot Rock 24 Map of Site of Lead Plate No. 3 30 Aliquippa's Spring 56 Site of Battle of Flint Top 57 First Page of Court Docket 72 Court Estimate of 1772 84 Cat Fish Court Boundary 89 Indian Lands 91 Camp Cat Fish Lands — C. Horn 94-95 Camp Cat Fish — John Hardtman 96 Map of Virginia — C. Bryce Following 128 Trails in Vicinity of Catfish Run and Main Delaware Camp ... 128 Trails in Vicinity of Catfish Run and Main Delaware Camp — Detail " 128 French Claims and Tribal Lands — Richard Lewis 1747 128 French Claims and Tribal Lands — Detail 128 Ohio Lands — Richard Lewis 1752 128 Ohio Lands — Detail 128 Trail from Snow Creek to Camp Cat Fish 128 French and Indian Lands — Richard Lewis 128 Gist's Map of Monongahela Country 1750 128 Christopher Gist's Trails in 1750 — John Gibson 130 Gist and Frazier Survey of Virginia — 1749 131 Lewis' Map of Lower Ten Mile — 1751 136 Gilbert's Map of Virginia 1754 137 Map of Trail and Turkey Foot Rock 142 Gist's Store House 228 Lead Plate No. 3 Following 248 Small Plate Found on Castile Run — 1936 248 Small Plate Found on Castile Run — 1936 — Reverse Side 248 Small Plate Found on Castile Run — 1936 248 The Bowlegs Stone 318 District of West Augusta ' ^26 Harrod's Fort Following 348 Van Meter House 34£ Turkey Foot Rock Site Looking East Following 356 Turkey Foot Rock Site Looking West 356 McCulloughtown in 1816— John Horn ^ AUGUSTATOWN — By JOHN HORN McCulloughtown — By John Heaton 37 ~ Court House— Waynesburg Following 380 Waynesburg College Jefferson Borough and Vicinity — 1876 3 ^ tw\ 404 Monongahela College — 1900 ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To the many friends who have helped make this work possible, I hereby express my fullest appreciation. To those who have so generously contributed to the advancement of the project by pre- subscriptions, I acknowledge my sincere thanks. These loyal sup- porters are so numerous and their contributions so varied that it would take too much space to name them individually or even to ap- proximate the many, many acts and helpful services rendered. I can only say that it is my sincere hope that they will be at least partially repaid by what they find herein. I particularly want to express my appreciation to Chesney C. Wood, Clarence Taylor, and John B. Carter, County Commissioners of Greene County, and their solicitor, J. I. Hook, Esq., and to Albert E. Moredock, John R. Conklin and Miss Louise M. Hook, of Waynesburg, Pennsylvania, for the financial assistance which made possible the inclusion of a third volume. It has been a pleasure to collaborate with the other members of the historical committee of the Greene County Historical Society, J. L. Fulton and A. L. Moredock, in the extended effort to produce these volumes. Owing to the fact that through the years the work has been in progress there were frequent interruptions, at which times I jour- neyed to my home in Topeka and then returned and resumed the task, I ask lenity for any errors that may be found in this publication, which is a sincere effort to preserve some heretofore unknown facts of colonial history of the Monongahela and Upper Ohio. I sincerely hope that these volumes may stimulate study and research to broaden our knowledge and deepen our appreciation of what we have. W. F. Horn Nothing that was worthy in the past departs; no truth or goodness realized by man ever dies, or can die; but is all still here, and recognized or not, lives and works through endless changes. Thomas Carlyle INTRODUCTION Source material relating directly to the early history of that part of Southwestern Pennsylvania which now comprises Greene and Washington counties has always been rare. As a result, there have been many unexplained and little understood details connected with the history and settlement of this region. The source material upon which this work is based consists of various diaries and Vir- ginia court records, maps, and other records handed down to the present day through the Horn family, descendants of Jacob Horn, who was one of the judges of the first Virginia courts in this region which in early days was part of Virginia. Jacob Horn was associat- ed with Christopher Gist, an important but little understood figure, and the information on Gist alone is of great value in connection with other published information on his life and activities, particular- ly that of W. M. Darlington who recognized the importance of Gist in the settlement of the region of the Monongahela, and in 1 893 published "The Journals of Christopher Gist." Other material includes tax and other lists which give the names of the first settlers of this territory. The value of these lists cannot be overestimated, particularly in connection with the patent maps for Greene, Wash- ington, and Fayette counties. These patent maps, made originally in connection with the tracing of titles for coal lands, are available in the courthouses of the county seats at Waynesburg, Washington, and Uniontown. Their publication may be regarded as unique, and the information to be obtained from them will be of untold value to future historians of this region. Jacob and Christopher Horn were acquainted with William and James Harrod, Michael Cresap, Zackwell Morgan, and others whose influence on the Westward Movement was considerable. As a majority of the men of George Rogers Clark's expedition against Kaskaskia and Vincennes in 1778 were recruited on the Mononga- hela, they knew these also. The Greene County Historical Society has considered all of this material of sufficient interest for publication and preservation. The first part of the work contains the various records and diaries published word for word as they have been handed down. The second part consists of a series of chapters by the author which ex- plain many of the details contained in the original papers and their correlation with other published historical material relating to Southwestern Pennsylvania. xiii THE HORN PAPERS ' Jacob Horn died in 1778 and his diaries passed into the hands of his son, Christopher Horn. After the territory west of the Monon- gahela became part of Pennsylvania in 1781, Jacob Horn's diaries and other family papers and various records of the Virginia courts were boxed up in 1795 by Christopher Horn, together with some of his own records. Christopher Horn had been the clerk of the Camp Catfish Court. During Christopher Horn's lifetime the box containing these records remained at his home at Aliquippa's Spring. After Christopher Horn's death in 1809, the records passed into the possession of John Horn, his son. In 1854, the chest contain- ing the records was given to Solomon Horn, of Jefferson Township, father of the author. In 1882, Solomon Horn moved to Kansas, and the chest was taken there. In 1891, the chest was opened in a search for family records. J In addition to the records, the chest con- tained cooper's tools belonging to Jacob Horn, the Bowlegs stone, and glass made at McCulloughtown in 1786./nPart of the rec- ords and maps were in a bad state of preservation. Their impor- tance was realized, however, and copies were made of all that could be read. jMany, including the court docket, were preserved^ Be- tweerTTSvl and 1931 the records passed into the possession of var- ious members of the Horn family in Kansas. At that time the author became actively interested in their preservation and they were par- tially collected and presented to the Greene County Historical Society. As is well known, the Draper collections, now in the Archives of the Wisconsin Historical Society, at Madison, Wisconsin, contain much source material relating to the early history and settlement of Southwestern Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Kentucky. Only a small part of the Draper manuscripts has been published. Verifica- tion of much of the material in the Horn Papers is contained in both the published and unpublished Draper manuscripts. The Horn Papers are also substantiated by the writings of other local histori- ans, particularly A. J. Waychoff and L. K. Evans. It is believed that the publication of this material will be an im- portant addition to the existing information on the Colonial West- ward Movement, and thejjart played by the settlers of this territory in that interesting period. THE HORN PAPERS PARTI THE HORN PAPERS Jacob Horn's Diary 1735-1777 March 30, 1735. This day, I, Jacob Horn by order of Conwell, hath finished the setting up my first water tub and making it all like unto the one Conwell set by me to liken. Conwell say in one year, he will make me a master cooper, and pay me three shillings each six days beside, keep for full time labor. My father say: Jacob shall have one shilling each six days until I Jacob be turned 18 years. July 16, 1735. John, with father, went to the Watson settle- ment to cut an hew the logs to be set in Robert's fort and house of 3 parts. Mother say, in 20 days all will be made done and John will return to the shop. September 2, 1735. By consent of Conwell, and Mother, I am to be a fisherman with John, and John Hardtman on the up river, on the morrow, and the next morrow day. Conwell say: James will be one of us to fish, at Snooks Bend. October 24, 1735. Being a day of no labor at Conwell's Cooper shop in Penns Row. We trailed four leagues to Hoges "corners on this day to Uncle John's" home but returneth by night fall. December 25, 1735. Being Christmas day at Penns Point, and wild turkey day at Penn's Inn, all make merry on this cold winter day. William, Joseph, and Ann, with roasted apples, and tree sugar balls, they rejoice, while Aunt Ann, and Mother at rest from their wheel, sing of the "Babe in Bethlehem." May 10, 1736. William, and Joseph, with Mother's advice, hath on this day planted the seeds in the home garden. I, Jacob Horn, did on this day make repairs on four chairs and one stool. This day Conwell, hath ftiy clogs repaired. A new chintz by mother. September 1, 1736. The ship "Hampton, came to the lower port landing late on this day, with seventy seven English and Irish colonists. Conwell say: Penn's Point, being next to Baltimore's home town, is fast growing into a big town. The Inn, have in all, 17 Colonists of late landing, all seeking some home place in Penn's Colony. William Hardtman, and father, are setting in a new iron shop for Bouthwell, and say it is to be the first in size in Penn's Row." January 21, 1737. It being mid winter, Conwell, with James, and Jacob Hardtman, and self, set out for Barker flat woods, to chop Oak and Cedar trees, to be rived into tub staves and all toil 2 THE HORN PAPERS hard, and return by night fall, only to rest and take meat, then re- turn to labor on the same on the morrow. February 4, 1737. The last of 12 thousand pieces of rived wood being set in place near Conwells shop, he say: no labor on the mor- row, the same being the third day of the week, John Hardtman and self, set out for wild turkey in Glenn dale, and by close stalking, we get three of the many found there. February 21, 1737. This being my own day, and 16 years of life, Conwell gave me 10 shillings for my needs, where upon, I buy some Irish cloth and a ringlett for mother. No labor on this day for Jacob Horn. Mother by wieve, hath set me out in new chintz, and new legons, and feet wools, for my own day remembrance. Ann, say: Jacob, you are set to be a full man on this day. I say Ann, I am a man now. I have my trade made now. April 6, 1737. The new hard iron axes, hew axes, and hoes, of Sheffield make, did reach Penn's Point, on the 4 day of this same month, and by call, many are taken from the shop, for needs by the claiments as by agreement. Peter Friend, a freeman's son, of 20 years, is now a first man to set log houses with the kings notch at all corners." October 10, 1737. The season being one favorable to the growth of all kinds of garden vegitation, much green food is being stored by the settlers round about Penn's Point. Conwell being ill for one month I, Jacob Horn, being his cooper man, have labored long and hard for the shop's name. October 20, 1737. This day, I, Jacob Horn, of Penn's Point, commonly called Philadelphia, do here and now, set down my line of parentage to be true and lawful, if by chance, I meet with inquiry from Colonists, or officers outside of Penn's Colony. I am the second son, and second in the family of eight children, of my father, George, and Mary Watson Horn, a grandson of Jacob Christopher, and Ann Hamilton Horn, and a great grandson of Jacob Cromwell Horn, who came from Chestershire, England, to this Post, September 5th, 1694, and who expired at Penn's Point, October 27th, 1712. By this line, I make it clear, that I have the lawful claim of a full Colonial freeman. My parents, George and Mary Watson Horn, were both born in the same year, 1696 and were united by God's law, and the Lu- thuran Creed, in 1717, in the second month, and on the twelfth day. John being the oldest, being born August 4, 1719, and I, Jacob Horn, was born Feb. 21, 1721. JACOB HORN'S DIARY 3 In 1728, I was made to learn the king's English, and write it in part, and learn all of God's commandments, and say the Book of Matthew in full. At twelve, I made an end to being tutored, and began to tutor, William, and Joseph, but soon, began to learn the cooper trade under father, and William Conwell. At 16, I had mastered it, and began to set up water tubs in the shop of William Conwell, in Penn's Row. In this same year, 1728 and in the month of March I learned to chop the score, and make the Yoke, which in this year, 1737 is a trade unto itself, and useful to me. I, Jacob Horn, did fulfill all agreements made by Conwell and worked well for him, so say he, until I closed with him four days hence. By father's consent and approval of Conwell, I was made my own full master on the first day of September this year, 1738. On this day, October 20, 1738 I, Jacob Horn, with brother John, John Hardtman, and Peter Friend, of Penn's Point, do make agreement with one Jonathan Hager, a fur trader of this colony, to set out in March, next, to meet him at his chosen site in Balti- more's Colony where he proposes to build a fort and fur trade house directly between the London Fur Company Post set up by one Thomas Cresap and the French Fort, and fur trade house, at "Half Moon" bend of the Potomac Waters. Jonathan Hager, the young German "s towway, " from Siegen, came to this town late in the year 1736 at the age of 17 years, but he now in appearance, he is all the ship Master took him to be, six full feet and more. With a mild face, and a clean look, we say to him that his wife, Elizabeth, made a good choice. He say: I am the one that made the good choice. We do not know Elizabeth Kershner, and cannot say Yea, or Nay. He say: for two years, he has been a fur trader with the Indians on both sides of the Susque de Lahanna River, and being a good observer of prime furs, he has set himself at the front of all the fur traders trailing into this town with the mark of "prime" set on his list at the Colonial Fur Company store house. By his say, we are to assist him to build his log fort, and fur storehouse at Swamp Springs where he wants to take his wife, and child, to live as soon as it can be made safe for them. He say: I married Elizabeth Kershner in 1736, and that she consents to live in Baltimore's Colony. I now make this agreement one in faith, and fact, by this pay- ment of thirty shillings to each of you, and set in witness, before all, that this agreement to be kept as one, man to man, we all say, we will keep our part in full. 4 THE HORN PAPERS All things said and done in the king's English, and Jonathan after setting to meat, say: I will see you at my camp in March, each of you, with his own "flintlock," and his "hard iron" axe. He- takes our hands, then he departs with his supplies, to the home of the Kershners, where he say, his wife and child are this day, and that his brother David, and wife, Katrina, are abiding there at this time. February 22, 1739. This day we are hailed by one David Hager, the elder brother of Jonathan Hager, our master for this year 1739. He say: I hail from Siegen to this Colony in December 1736 and now abide at Kershiner's "Harle" about ten leagues distance, where on we say: "abide with us," and so be it. By his say: we determine that Jonathan Hager, being born in 1719 was an escaped guard in the army in Wettgenstein, and was full acquainted with Elizabeth's people at Siegen. They being free emigrants from Clearance at Emden, and bound from Amsterdam, to this Port, in the good ship "Harle." Jonathan by Elizabeth's wish, escaped and was made a "stow- way" in the sail cloth hold on the same ship "Harle." When at mid sea, he was made a prisoner, and set before the Master, and harsh- ly set upon by that officer, but Jonathan claiming to be twenty two, years of age, and a free man, from Siegen, and say: the Kershners, know me, where upon, they say Jonathan is a free man, and belongs to Elizabeth, a cleared emigrant. Elizabeth make it appear that by right, Jonathan should be her man, where up on the Master doth set the Moravian marriage law upon them, and compelled Jonathan to work his way into port. Elizabeth being born in 1712, is now seven years older than Jonathan. I, David Hager, by my father, the officer in command, in the District, set out to overtake Jonathan, and return him to Siegen, but I found him married to Elizabeth, a free emigrant, and a free Colonist, and by these terms, this made him a freeman in Penn's Colony, and he refused to go to Siegen, then I, David, say, I shall not return to Siegen. I stay, and marry Katrina Kershner, in 1737 and now abide with her father, Henrich, and her Mother Elizabeth Kershner, at their "Harle." By his say: Jonathan is depending on us to set our faces on the trail early in March, and say for us to trail to Kershners "Harle," and abide one day, then set out for Jonathan camp at Swamp Springs, near the French Post, at "Half Moon" waters in Baltimore's Col- ony. We all say: Yea, we will do so, and hail at Kershners. He abide with us three days, then set out for his home. February 27, 1739. It is now made clear that the Johns, Peter and self, are claimed by Jonathan Hager, and we must set out by JACOB HORN'S DIARY 5 the 10 day of March, for the unknown site of Fort Hager, and fur trade house. It being in agreement, that each of us must have his own ''flintlock" and 'axe' before leaving Penn Point, I now have made this part fulfilled, as have the others. Conwell say the axes are "prime" being of the Sheffield make, and of the best order. March 6, 1739. All being made ready for the trail, we make our way to places of meet in common, and say : We will be off to the new lands to morrow. Conwell say: lads; look sharp, speak easy, and beware of all Indians not on the trail. We say: one year away, and then the town again, and with all day to you all, each of us make his way to his own home. This day, I, Jacob Horn, have much talk with Mother, and Aunt Mary Horn. The Johns, and Peter Friend, do all make merry, while I beheld a long, long time from home, and family. But our word being given to set out our faces into the wilds of Balti- more's Colony, it is just, that we keep this promise. This day being a bright cheerful one, we all feel up in spirit, but dwell on the division of the family on the morrow. Mother : how she looks, and say: Jacob, be brave, and work well, and return home next year. The young children ask what it is all to be. . . . March 7, 1739. The last day at Penn's Point, is a bright one, and we toil to make our "kersacks" and our rolls, portable, but keep in mind, both our needs, and the long trail over strange lands. With a strong shake of hands and not a few tears from Mother and Rosanna, we grimly set out on the trail to Kershners. April 4, 1740, Snow Creek, Colony of Virginia. We set out from Penn's Point and reached Kershners "Harle," on the 7 day of March, last year, and received the blessings of that great hearted family. Henrick Kershner, and his consort, Elizabeth, being part and part, German, and English, in talk, say: they have sons, Rudolph, and Henrick and daughters, Elizabeth, Katrina, Ruth and Rosanna. They say Elizabeth belongs to Jonathan Hager, and our Kat- rina, she belongs to David Hager, but Ruth, and Rosanna, are not claimed by any man. We like all very much, but cannot tarry with them. Elizabeth say, you all, are my friends, because you are Jonathan's friends. We set out from Kershners after one days rest, and having each received the "kiss of peace," from all the family, joyously jorned on the strange trails through Castle, and Cecil, and reached the Susque de Lahanna River, where we were met by two fur traders who carried us across in Indian Canoes, to their Camp on the west 6 THE HORN PAPERS side shore. From there, we set our faces to the western sun set, and finally after 10 dreary toilsome days, we reached the waters of the Potomac, at a point about three leagues, below "Half Moon" Bend, where as then, we believed must cross the river, in order to reach Swamp Springs. After Crossing on a log raft boat, we found on the bank of the stream, we ascended the bank of the river all the day, and at night fall, reached the site of the French Fort and fur trade house of Jean Le Beau, near the "Bar of Half Moon." We made inquiry of two Indian boys as to where, Jonathan Hagers Camp at Swamp Springs is to be found? They say: Nay, Nay. By common mistake it ruled that we crossed the river twice, and two days trailing, all because we did not have the knowledge of just where Jonathan's Camp is set up. [ We received meat and rest at the French Post. Jean Le Beau, was friendly to us, and ask us to take meat and rest with him. He ask us where we hailed from? and where we are trailing to? Where on John Hardtman, say: Have it known, we are Jonathan Hager's men, and we are trailing to his camp, where he is to build Fort Hager. Jean say: Have two drams each, on Jeans friendship. The two Johns now declare no mistake was made in crossing the river, for Jean's Rum paid for all trailing. We find four half French Indians men around the fur house, about six perches from the Fort, which is one of strength, being of hewn logs, set in "bound and tie," and all in shop order. We rested on the earthen floor surrounded by lighted tapers, and many holy crosses, and it was a strange camp to us. Jean say: By the grace of the Holy Father. I bestow this Holy Cross on thee, Jacob, as my desire to possess thy friendship. Where on, John Hardtman say: it is well with thee Luther. I still have this cross, and shall retain it all my days, as a token of Him who died on a similar one for all mejij I, too, say: we made no mistake in crossing the river on this day, March 19, 1739. It was said at Penn's Point, that the French set their Claims to the best places in North America, and as a fact, this is the best of all places we have beheld since leaving our home. We are taken over the river in Le Beau's boats, and directed to the east by north, and at the close of day, we espied some white men felling trees, and in one part of an hour, we sat down in Jonathan Hagers Camp. We found him and one Levi Funk, hewing the logs to be set in the Fort. JACOB HORN'S DIARY 7 A great rejoicing in the camp lasted for sometime, with a large share of roasted bear meat, and Indian meal bake. With many say- ings ask, and all made clear to Jonathan, all now feel at home, and at rest in camp. In the days following, we all set in full days labor, and all labor- ed hard to set the time short to build the Fort and fur house, before demands may be set up by the French, or by Thomas Cresap, the two-contesting claimants. Swamp Springs, being two in number, and of great flow, and pure water are at head of swamp bottom. The house being, set one perch from house spring, moat spring, be- ing about one perch from house spring. The Fort and Trade house being set in this manner, each 24 x 18 feet and the home 18x18 feet set in two- parts above the sleepers and girder floor and the cook- room below on earthen floor. John Hardtman being a stone workman as well as a wood work- man, set a wall of dressed stone around the house spring. In the weeks that followed, every man labored early and late. In three weeks time after we arrived at the camp, all the logs were cut and hewed, and ready to be set in the building. In the second half of April, the build was raised to 8 feet on high side of the ground and 14 feet on the low side, and at the end of April, the building was under one third pitch roof, covered with split clapboards. The chimneys, three in number, set at base and at capital of the stem, and the third at face of cookroom. Early in the month of May, Jonathan turned all directions over to John Horn, and Levi Funk, and set out his mules for Philadelphia, and the Kershner home for his wife Elizabeth, and little son David. On June 2, he returned into the Camp with two extra mules heavily ladened with Elizabeth's needs. How each man did prepare his person to receive Elizabeth, was long talked in camp, but all trea- sured her kind friendship and her consideration for each man's wel- fare. It was at this time, that the Indian Chief Connochneeh, and ten of his tribe appeared in Camp and smoked the peace pipe with Jonathan, and all had a feast of deer and fowl, and Dutch oven Indian meal bread, made by Elizabeth's own hands. The Indians gave 10 fish of huge size to Elizabeth, who made friends with them, all being friendly to all the camp. By this stroke of peace, the Chief promised to bring all the furs, pelts, and hides of his entire band of three hundred Indians to Jonathan's trade house, much to the dis- gust of Thomas Cresap. The French say nothing. 8 THE HORN PAPERS About the middle of April, a lone Indian from the Susque de Lahanna country came into camp with three fine Indian stone axes made by Indians in Penn's colony and wanted to trade them to Jon- athan Hager for Baltimore Town tobacco, saying, "heap good for chop tree." Jonathan gave him some tobacco, but looked at the axes with disgust but say nothing. When "Lone Wolf" saw John Hardtman swing his heavy hard iron axe, and how quickly, and how easily he felled a large tree, he threw his stone axes, at the foot of a large tree, and said: "Me want it, Me trade heap furs for white man axe." Hardtman seeing far ahead said: "Lone Wolf," this axe say no trade now. In three moons from now, the sign will be just right to trade to you. Now heap bad for Indian. Great Spirit say, John, no trade now. "Lone Wolf," the Great Spirit say, "catchum" fish, and fowl, and deer, all three moons, for Jonathan and I will give you my axe, and I will tell it to the White man's Great Spirit, to be heap good to "Lone Wolf," To the surprise of all, "Lone Wolf" accepted John Hardt- man's terms, and carried it out most faithfully. For three full months the Jonathan Hager camp never was in want of deer, meat, fish and fowl, and at times much wild fruit. After Elizabeth came to the Fort, she said : John, You must keep your word, and deal hon- estly with that faithful Indian. John became sober minded, and thought of the day he would see it no more. He kept his axe in the best of care : About the first days in August, "Lone Wolf" came into camp with four fine wild turkeys, and some sweet berrie, and John Hardtman say: "Lone Wolf," thy work is now done. I beseech you to listen to what the white man's of Canada Rum. This is said to be the first of its kind ever kndwn on the Potomac 10 THE HORN PAPERS Waters. The Indians came from afar, and near, with their catch, and traded furs of "prime quality" for Jean's Rum, then a rest in the dungeon. For two weeks time, the frontire spirit was displayed by all who chanced to meet at Jean's Post. Jean Le Beau, always the sharp, friendly, deep thinking host, never lets the Indians get free of debt, but always maintain their friendship, and secure most of their trade, which is bitter to Cresap's mind of peace. This is now, and has been, the best fur trading Post on the Upper Patomac River. Cresap, being on the Indian Trail has since 1728 purchased huge stacks of furs, pelts, and hides for the London Fur Company, but his log buildings was destroyed by fire in January, 1734 and much fur was lost. He set in place a stone house of good dimentions, in the next year which with the new log store house is now his Post, and home, which Jonathan's men call "New Ireland," as the said Thomas Cresap, being from County, Armah, Ireland, in 1721. Levi Funk, being one of Jonathan's most faithful men, departed for his home in Chester, to spend Yule days. Some say he will bring a wife with him to live in his house on the Point, but he sayeth noth- ing. Elizabeth say more women folks are needed at Hager, but no one knoweth what Levi thinketh. John Horn say: I think I will take land in the spring, or return home. Early in March, 1740, I, Jacob Horn, and John Hardtman, being of one mind, was making preparations to return to Penn's Point, when destiny designed other plans, for us, not known of be- fore. On March 4, 1 740, Stuyvest Von Reisseiller, a Holland Dutch- man, on his way from Snow Creek, Virginia, to Baltimore Town, paused at Ft. Hager, one day, to secure the help of two men to ac- company him to Baltimore Town, to purchase two ox teams, and two wagons to haul two mill stones and gear back to Snow Creek, where he say: he is building a water power mill. No man did say: Yea, or nay, because no man except, Jonathan Hager, could under- stand his talk, Jonathan talked to him, then to Hardtman, and self, and say: he is a fine man, then and will do well by you, if, you want to go with him, so John Hardtman, and I, Jacob Horn, agree to go with him, and Jonathan say: so be it. Von Reisseiller shake our hands and say something, but we did not know what it was. It was now the hardest part to leave Hager, and all our friends there. Elizabeth say: My friends, it is with a heavy heart that I give my consent to your leaving us, but you came here one year ago, to lend service to us, which I shall never forget. Be the same clean honest men you have been here at Hagers Choice, and I will ever JACOB HORN'S DIARY 11 remember you, and with the "kiss of peace" bestowed on each of us, with tears in her eyes, she departed from us. Jonathan Hager talked to us in a kind bold spirit, and said, how Hagers Choice would be enlarged and that Elizabeth's Town would be made a town next in size to Baltimore's Town, and that he hoped to see us a part of it. He said: I promised Elizabeth to set aside 50, one half acre lots, one to each man there in. We will set the same for each of you, and on your return you are each to build your house, and live in it three years, where upon Elizabeth, will give each of you all, full claims to your home, and share each, in her Town. Upon, this, he gave each of us, 4 new Virginia Colonial Coins, in remembrance of our being at Fort Hager, and of our departure there from. We took hands with all the men, and John Horn said: Jacob, you are leaving here, I may return to our father's home this year, you should do the same, so now, I bid you a safe journey, and a safe return. I, Jacob Horn, looked at all the men, and said : peace be unto you all, and set my face to Stuyvest Von Reisseiller, and by sign make it clear that we are ready to take the trail with him into more strange lands. The men being James Carter, William Andrews, John Horn, Peter Friend, John Heister, Levi Funk, Jonathan Funk, John Har- ris, Samuel Martin, John Hartman and self. David Hager labored two months, September to November 1729. April 1740. Being of one mind, John Hardtman and self, de- cide to remain here in labor on the mill. By his signs and friendly looks, we do agree, that Stuyvest Von Reisseiller, and his Dutch wife, do wish us to set our hands in labor in making all parts of his water mill ready for use. Be it so. We set the two mill stone in the place he did make for them, the larger one set placed nearer the set up gear by tie to the great water wheel, the other stone set, being less in size, being the Indian corn stones, is set 4 paces to the right, and tie in by use of two gear wheels. John say: I, be a mill man, and do make Von Reisseiller have peace in mind, and our labor doth hasten the end of building of this mill in the trail to the Devils low pass over the mountains to the very head of the Green Brier, which is said to be about 12 English miles from the waters of Snow Creek. By Snow Creek being one part of the north flow of the Main waters it is a good mill creek, of east- ward trend, feeding by springs from the slope of the mountain. It is said by the Indian at the mill on the 14, four waters do set forth 12 THE HORN PAPERS from the Devils divide unto four parts of the country. Snow Creek being the least in waters. April 26, 1740. Indians of tall in size, and friendly in manner, halt at the mill. They say they be on the trail from the south lands, to the lake country. They make it known that a band of their people are on the trail beyond the Devil's Pass, trailing by us. Von Reisseiller indicate to us to clear the timber from some fine land above the reach of the waters of the mill dam. He look with favor on my axe, then by looks say: John, where is your axe? "Lone Wolf" being afar with John's axe, Stuyvest, by clear understanding, march to his log house and find two half chop, half hew axes, and give John one, and he keep the other one, and all do set to clear the timber from 10 acres, to be in part planted in flax and Indian corn. We all do labor hard for 10 days time. John Hardtman say: it is same as Jonathans, labor, but no Jonathan, no Elizabeth, no deer, and fowl, but fish — fish all the days. May 17, 1740. The season being good we do now have three acres of flax, and some of Indian corn in green, and doing well. Duschea, do labor both by the house and in the timber to enlarge the cleared land. She be friendly and say much, but we say nothing because she say all in Dutch to us. John say Jacob, she looks well but talketh the same as the wild duck do in the mill waters. John say : I will never talk her talk in all my days, but I, Jacob Horn, may understand her talk after many days. May 27, 1740. This day we are made happy by meeting face to face the Indian fur trader, Christopher Gist who speaketh the king's English and who make us happy by his talk. By his say: he abides on the south and west shores of the Yadkin waters but makes many journeys into the northwest Indian country, into the lands of the Delaware and Shawanoes. He being born in Baltimore's Town in 1709 say I journed to Turkee Foot Rock with Dr. Samuel Ecker- lin and his brothers Tom and Bernard in June 1737 and did set him- self agreeable with the high Chief Wa Ha Wag Lo and his brother the prophet Oppaymolleth. By his say he was in the same lands in 1731 to Tingooqua's Camp and Peter Chartier tepee by Aliquippa's clear water stream. Christopher Gist say he have rested here at Snow Creek many times. He can talk to Duschea with knowledge and we get him to make plain to us her say of us. He say Stuyvest, and Duschea do say how they like us and want us to remain at Snow Creek. Duschea or Dutchie say much to us by Gist who rest his mules JACOB HORN'S DIARY 13 three days. He say John, and Jacob, I will set you up as my fur trad- ers, but we say we are coopers and carpenters, not, fur traders. On the morning of June 3, he departed on his journey with his mules ladened with Tobacco, and his needs. He say: I will take rest and meat again, and behold us next year. John Hardtman say: he is the same furtrader that Jean Le Beau say: he met in 1737 in the La Belle regions. October 23, 1741. By all we have ever been set face to face with, this day, is the first unto us. By Stuyvest Von Reiseillers death by the hand of an Indian not on the trail. By this fate it is too "griev- oust" to "Dutchie," and too much for us to behold. It being the hour of sunset Stuyvest did talk to Dutchie, and then set out over the log bridge and reached the bank top across the mill dam, when a wild Indian behind a great tree espied him, and shot an arrow through his upper body from which we found him dead soon after. No Indian being around about. Duschea is broken, and sad. She take our hands and look at us with pain in her eyes. We show her by our grief that we are her friends in all this lone trouble for her, and for each of us. We set at once to make a wood "Kask" for the dead body of Stuyvest Von Reiseiller, our strange friend in life, and our close one in death. All the night Dutchie sat by the side of her lost one, and paid no heed to us. October 24, 1741. By her indications this morning she look at us, and make ready to lay the dead to rest. John set to dig the pit above the house by the lone tree, but we await the hour of sunset to place the "Kask" in the pit, and John said "Be at rest." Dutchie's soul is gone. We lead her to the house, and take her hands, then depart for one hour to council with each other, and for the lone woman. How our hearts do hunger for Elizabeth's council on this day. November 4, 1741. Dutchie appear to be more cheerful in mind by signs do mean to remain here. We by sign, do make it known that we go home to Penn Point but she by some words, and signs, give us axes, and points to the mill with one hand an take our hand with the other. John by nod of head make it known we will cut her wood and grind the rye and the corn now in the mills, and the barley corn not yet beaten out of the stem, so be it. December 25, 1741. It is the season of feasting. John Hardt- man and John Watson the elder set out on the 20 to hunt deer, and fowl, and by good sight secure two deer and six wild turkey, Dutchie 14 THE HORN PAPERS now being more agreeable and fully risigned to do make us a feast, and John say it is like unto "Kershner's Harle." This day we keep from toil except to fire the Dutch oven, and set the feed to the 10 goats, and two mules and four oxen. Being a bright day, we think of home, and Conwell's shop, and of Hagers Choice, but only Watson, the elder and Blitz, make their appearance at the mill on this day. Dutchie, in part, do talk of Horns and Blitz say, Dutchie cannot set out from here, and cannot abide alone, so far from her people in upper Philadelphia. By this say, John say we must help her. January 18, 1742. Being a cold day we set to clear the South lot of trees, and make it ready for flax and tobacco, by our own choice. No bounds being set to the lands by Von Reisseiller, we now set bounds to lands on both sides of Snow Creek, to beyond the head- waters of the mill dam, and to the foot of the hill, all by the Virginia rights by tomahawk claims set there to. The same claims being about one "100" acres. We say it is Dutchie's Choice. But John Hardtman, say: Jacob, all is not well here. Our moth- ers say, Boys, it be not good in the sight of God, or man for us to be Dutchie's men, and one of us not her master. I say, Jacob, be it for one of us to take her by the laws of God, and of Penn's Colony. What say you, Jacob Horn? I, Jacob Horn do say: How can we say which one she look upon with pleasure. John say: Jacob, break two twills one some greater in length than the other, hold both be- fore you out of your sight, and say: John, take thy choice, by the longer one you shall say, Dutchie you are made my wife by your Bible law. So be it. John make his choice, but ah? he taketh the lesser one. I, Jacob, say, I have no choice, but John say: it must be so, and you Jacob, shall say, by signs I am to be your man, and John will be our friend, and so be it. February 21, 1742. Being my own day, and 21 years of age, I set this day, to set Dutchie, by marriage claims as my lawful wife, which, she did fully consent by her understanding of John's plans, by signs set before her. By her own hands she takes the Holland Dutch Family Bible, and read some portions, and say one long prayer to the living God of all. Then we placed each our hand on God's Words, and held the other one in bond of marriage, while she say some holy scripture, then she took hands with me, and did set the kiss of peace on me. She take John's hand, and say much, but did not set the kiss of peace on him. John say: Jacob, my lord, and master, what will thou now, have me do. I say, John, we have been by each other for three years, now abideth here, and all will be well. JACOB HORN'S DIARY 15 Duschea by her manner is much pleased, but could only say u Yea- kab" "Yeakab." But I hope to understand her talk, soon. By this same agreement, Dutchie now is my wife, and John Hardtman say he will remain and take the mill, and keep it well in order and all will be well and so be it. April 20, 1742. This day, John Hardtman and Watson, the trader set out for Williamsburgh, for many needs. I, Jacob Horn plant flax in the south lot, by the rye tall in green. Snow Creek being in full water the mill was set in use on this day. Dutchie keep her wheel in spin all the days of one month. Dutchie is a good wife, but her talk is the same, but I can now make clear some parts of it. She is low in speech, mild in manner and works well for us. May 16, 1742. A great fall of rain set in on the 1 lday, and the waters of Snow Creek, are in flood stage, but the log wall do make all water flow over the mill dam. The water gates keep the mill, and Water Wheel free of the flood waters. The 3 Men returned from Williamsburgh on the 14 day of this same month. John Hardtman say: It be much like Penn Point, at Williamsburgh, With shops or Inns here, and there, but he say: the Colony's House, and His Majesty, the Royal Governor's Castle be of great size and splendor. The Indian Corn in the long field is in 4 leaves, and looks well. Dutchie, set out in early morning to the springs in the foothills, to pick some fine watercress, and returned late in the day with much watercress, and 5 fine fish, she obtained in the run above the head- waters of the mill dam. May 29, 1742. The day being bright, and heated by the sun John Hardtman, and self, did labor in the Indian Corn lot, all the day. It make the appearance now of growing much corn, this same year, for us, and for meal for trade with the Indians on the trail, who camp by the Mill. Rye meal being little known by the Indians, but after eating of it, they make it known that they be ready to trade good dressed hides for the White man's meal. May 30, 1742. On this day we are hailed by Christopher Gist the furtrader, from the Yadkin Waters. He trail from his home up the Greenbrier Indian Trail, with 4 Indians and 4 mules, and 4 pack animals. He crossed the divide from the headwaters of the Greenbrier, to the waters of Snow Creek, by the low divide, the same being the Devils Pass, and did reach the mill at the hour of noon : Now it is clear that he hath not known of the death of Stuy- vest Von Reisseiller for he say, I have some Indian made Woeffel for your Master. Tell him I have come into camp, for the time of 3 days. John Hardtman, say, Jacob, is now Master, at the mill, 16 THE HORN PAPERS Stuyvest Von Reisseiller, he is dead, killed by an Indian in late Oc- tober, and Jacob set Duschea in marriage in February. It was of Johns sayings that did make Gist, get from his mule, and face us, with hard looks, and say : Let me know about this killing of Stuyvest Von Reisseiller, when and where? John, said: set thyself down at rest, and thou shall be told all the sad fate of our master. Gist did set at rest on the mill walk, but say not a word, Whereupon John Hardtman did relate all from Gist departure, one year hence, to this same day, John talk for 2 hours, but Gist, did make no word until John said: I have made known all that did take place, then Gist, say, behold Duschea, I will talk with her, before I make camp. Christopher Gist being a man of great reserve, and wide in the knowledge of men, did say neither yea, or Nay, to Johns talk, but with 3 hours talk with Duschea by the house, Christopher Gist and Duschea came to us at the Mill, and shook hand with each of us, and say: I am much grieved at Stuyvest's death. She say the same about all that you related to me. Jacob Horn you, did well to marry the widow, for she tells me she was more pleased than you have been. To take her, not being able to converse with her, is clear to me, that she did better than you did, at this time, but, I will lend my hand to you to make the Mill, and the Snow Creek settlement a trail trade post. By years of honest life, you, and Duschea will fully understand each other, not only in talk, but in all matters of the home, and in all the trails of life. I, say, peace be unto you, set your self at rest, and take meat with us. He talk with Duschea, and she did make haste to set meat for all. The Indians did feast unto themselves, of the smoke deer meat, and meal bake ponpon, with Barley soup, and the roast potatoe, did they eat. Gist say: Jacob, your days be as mixed as my own. I will make at least a season's rest, and 3 days rest in camp, here, each year, when on my outward journey to the Delaware Indian country. He say: John, what are your plans? and John say: Mr. Gist, until Jacob, say go. I am staying here, to help him run the Mill, and build Duschea's Choice into a Chester land home. Gist, by appearance, seem to be satisfied that all is well. June 2, 1742. Gist, and his Indian guides, have rested and feast- ed well. He made a trail of the bounds of the tomahawked land, and did see Duschea's mark set there in, and did say: it be wise to set bounds to her lands. Gist say: the mill be the only one of its kind in the western frontier of the Virginia Colony, but beyond, the Colony's set boundary. Being in no man's land. Christopher Gist, the furtrader, is by birth, a Baltimore Town man. He say that he do know both, Thomas Cresap, and Jean LeBeau, who have Posts on the Potomac Waters, but Gist holds to the Royal Colony, but JACOB HORN'S DIARY 17 with his family, he maintains his home on the shore of the Yadkin River, where the London Fur Company, hath no power to make claims agains his person/He say: I, take the trail, the Indian Coun- try this day. We say: abide with us another day, but he did set out on the trail, after much talk. He say: I, will trail this way at this season next year. I may trail here in the late fall season, if, I make it to Williamsburg^ John Hardtman, did prepare three measures of Indian meal, and one half measure of barley corn meal for Gist. He take Dutchy by his hand, and say some things, but we do not know what he did say: John say: Jacob, he tell her to watch us by day, and all the night, but John hath many sayings for himself, and I, Jacob Horn, take no part there in, but say : so be it. July 4, 1742. The waters of Snow Creek being in flood on this day, the water being 3 feet above any set point since Stuyvest Von Reisseiller set the wall foundation for the mill, but by chance no water did reach the drive gear, of the mill stones, or cause destruc- tion John, and Wiever both do say, that the log wall, and flood gates, did save the mill much destruction. Being the 4 day of the week, and the 4 day of the month, Dutchie made it known that it is feast day at the Mill, and John Hardtman say: See, Jacob, how wise we be, to remain at Snow Creek, and you take Duschea, to wife. By this we have by count, 10 feast days since you, Jacob became Master at the Mill, by my say: I Jacob Horn, have much thoughts of many things beyond feast days, but tell John to fire the Dutch oven, even as Dutchie do indicate. By chance, Dutchie hath 10 persons in all, to take meat on this feast day. She be happy to see all faces before her, and see how all do like the fowl, and roast potatoes, and leeks. Gibson, say her jowanie corn, be fine. John, declare, all is like unto the many days at Fort Hager. When Elizabeth say, Boys, being a hard work day for you, I set more " stoff" before you. Be good, and take more of it John, never failed to obey her wish. Peter Friend say: John never did hold aloft, for Elizabeth to say boys, help thyself to all I have set before thee but John be a first, and fast, workman, and no one did make known any complaint of him, for Elizabeth say: many men, have many minds, and I have mine — I like all, because all of you, are my friends. No man could say Nay of her, Jonathan, he say : you all are my men, but are Elizabeth's friends hearken to her advice, and labor well for her, and all will be well. This day be one of much heat, the sun being bright, we all keep in the shadow of the great sycamore most of the day, and look at the flow of Snow Creek and talk of the days that have passed by. 18 THE HORN PAPERS In all, we have had a feast day that Mother and Aunt Ann Horn would say: The Lord hath bleest our home and all is well. August 12, 1742. The waters of Snow Creek are very small in flow, the mill dam being only one small part filled. The Indian Corn is ripe, golden and of good size. The Rye, and Wheat being pelted from the straw, is now in the Mill ready to grind when Snow Creek flows water from Snow Mountain by the September rains. Oats, flax, and barley are kept in the straw. John Hardtman, and self, did take up the mill stones, and set new faces and furrow to each one, and reset them, ready for use. Conwell would say boys this is a Penn Point Man's work. We say it is too, but we say, it had to be done, and only our hands was at Snow Creek, to do it. It being the season for wild fruits Dutchie hath dried and stored much for home use. Nuts of the timber are limitless this season. Deer, Elk, Wild turkey, and lesser animals of man's needs are in great numbers close at hand for the winter needs. Snow Creek regions is one of great use to mankind, and want of human food in plenty, is one that no one need hold in question. (With no king, or crown, to hold in fear the small) Snow Creek Settlement are outside of Virginia Colonial directions. All men are their own masters, and say their own laws, and each doth what he knows is righteous by his Lord, and all is well. It is well that the King, and Colony make no claims to Snow Creek, for no man would heed their claims, nor pay tribute to either, but declare his own rights to all that God have set before HimM Jacob Horn, fear God, and his Holy Laws, but fear no man, or his self made laws, for all, are full of iniquity. /Snow Creek said Christopher Gist, is beyond the Colonial Claims of Virginia, at this time, but has been no part of New France, by French Claims, therefore, it is solely the land of the settlers, and no king, or colony hath a say over it. October 24, 1742. The season being one of great growth of all planted crops, the harvest of all in due time has filled all our needs in abundance. Snow Creek by nature, has returned to her usual wa- ters, and is in flow for full use of the mill, which has been in use for some days. John Hardtman, being a man of much judgment devised, and set up, a new part of millwright shaker, geared from the larger mill stone shaft, whereby all the ground wheat and rye meal is fed into one end of the shaker and passeth over a course linen bed, and by this means both clear fine meal and common meal is made, and both being set apart from the shell of the grain making it of direct use for Dutch oven bake. Much hand labor being set aside. All, who see it say, John is a good mill man. JACOB HORN'S DIARY 19 The Indian Corn, and tobacco have been harvested, and in cure. John say: one half English ton of prime tobacco, free of all waste is in cure for trade, and 300 measures of corn is set aside for trade. Home needs being no part of it, but all is clear of the fodder. The tow, and flaxseed being of good supply, our home needs are much less than the stored foods for man and beast, and the fowls now on "Duschea's Choice." By desire of John Hardtman, and Wiever, the elder, one year hence, I, Jacob Horn, have set up 5 tubs, and 5 cegs, of water tight hold, for common use at the house, and at the mill. These being the first to be set up by self, since Conwell say: Jacob, your work is now finished in my shop. The Cooper trade being unknown at Snow Creek, much ob- servation by all, is made, and all do say: the tubs, and cegs are of much use. Having had a desire to obtain domestic cattle for use on "Duchea's Choice," it fell to my lot to obtain 3 Cows, and 3 bullocks, near Augusta, in the month of September. Stuyvest Von Reisseil- ler's 4 work oxen purchased in Baltimore in March 1740, being well in use at this time but are set down, as Dutchie's own cattle. All animals purchased by self after March 1, 1742 being part in part Dutchie's and self. John Hardtman, by his own right, being the owner of 2 Mules, say: they be for common use at the Mill. With all, no mention of anything is set down for the Colony's Council Snow Creek being no part thereof. The log storehouse set up for common use is now filled with many home needs. Dutchie, keep at her spin wheel, most of the days of October, and labor hard early, and late each day, and do set all things in good order. November 20, 1742. Being reminded of our days with Jonathan and Elizabeth Hager, at Fort Hager, now Elizabeth Hagers Town, I say it be both wise in worldly keep, and in the spirit of the Creator of all, to strive in keeping Duschea's possessions like unto Eliza- beth's plans to make great strides in the wilds of Frederick like unto Siegen, and Hager, in her native German land. Furtrade, and land now being Jonathan's main plan, much in likeness to Jean LeBeau, but Elizabeth see afar, and set her plans to make it so, and Jonathan being a wise, and just man, say so be it. Now David, and Katrina, look to Jonathan, plan, not being in mind with Elizabeth's set plan to make her town like unto Baltimore Town. Duschea like Katrina, appear to make land hold her first plans at Snow Creek, with only Stuyvest's Mill, as a place of habitation. I say: it be afar, but in the course of time, Virginia will reach unto 20 THE HORN PAPERS Snow Creek, and this Post be common unto Williamsburgh, the same as Elizabeth Hager's Town be unto Baltimore Town. Jean LeBeau did say in 1739 that Elizabeth's plans was set in wisdom, courage, and determination, and I say: both Jean, and Elizabeth do see afar beyond this day. John do say that by Elizabeth's plans there will be an end to fur trade on the Potomac waters. Thomas Cresap say that the axing of timber on the upper Potomac must cease to make the land a land of fur animals, whereby furtraders, do make them meet the wants of the people in Brittan. Elizabeth say: work men need houses to live in: Logs must be axed to make the log houses, Work men need feet wear, as well as "skin breeches." Flax must be grown, broken, hackled, combed, spun, and woven, and trees must be cleared from the land to grow the flax. I, Jacob Horn, say: Fort Hager, like Penn's great Oak tree, will stand amidst a .'"bisy'* Village where Jonathan and Elizabeth's plans will make the people, enlarge their own plans, until Elizabeth's town will be known far and wide on the frontier borders of both Maryland, and Vir- ginia. This I say, and so be it. December 12, 1742. It being good hunting season, John Hardt- man, and Wiever the elder made their way into the Mountains be- yond the head waters of Snow Creek, and got four deer, ten Wild turkey, and some "plumage birds" for home needs. I, Jacob Horn, made four measures of rye meal on the 10 day. On the next day John, and self set to make fire wood for the Christmas season and today set six cord feet of wood by the end of log house in all 20 cord feet are now ready for Dutch Ooven, and the great fire stone. Duschea's looms being in use all the days of the season, but are now quiet. She is cheerful and sings much. Amidst all at Snow Creek, I Jacob Horn do remember the days at our old home at Penns Point, and of all there with much desire to see all again, but it now seems to be one of desire, but without much thought of trail- ing home. February 10, 1745. By the grace of God, we are this day made known that our father and Mother George, and Mary Watson Horn at Penns Inn are alive and faring well and that I now have one more sister in the home, whom John and I now claim but had no knowledge of, being born two years hence John Hardtman who this day having returned from Penns Inn by Ft. Hagar say all is well in the home, but they bid me to return in haste for a season but I Jacob Horn deem it best to await another season believe Dutchy should not be void of myself this season. Dutchy makes it known that I should trail to Penns Inn for a short season, but having deter- mined the matter no other word is made of it. JACOB HORN'S DIARY 21 March 6, 1745. The Indians with James Riley and his man One Eye did halt and take rest and meat, and abide one day, then set out on the Indian James River trail to Rileys Post on Indian Fishing Creek in the La Belle regions for more furs for Williams- burgh traders. March 10, 1745. Wiever and Richardson has made ready two acres for black leaf tobacco this same season. Water in full stage, and the mill run being at any time set for the needs of the settle- ment. Dutchy did finish 70 hands of linen weave and 15 runs of sheep weave. All in store for use. March 30, 1745. Christopher Gist from Baltimores settlement and Gist Post, did trail to this settlement and by our wish and his consent abide the time from 21 day to sun rise this day, before trail- ing to his holdings beyond Turkee Foot he declared I Jacob Horn be made one of his men to Tingooquas land, but by the same mind of not trailing to Penns Inn I made known to Gist that next season or sometime later I Jacob Horn will set out with him to the upper Country the land of the Delawares and the Shawanes Indians where Gist say that the land of Wa Ha Wag Lo, (that being Rileys name for the Delaware War Chief) is a rich but rather hill country filled with wild animals of every kind whos furs and hides make much trade between him and the Indians. Gist having his scribe and his camp man and two mule men did set forth from this outpost with our blesings for Turkee Foot and Gist Point by where Eckerlin awaits his trail to their fur Camps in Tingooquas own land where the great Delaware tribe hath the tribe great Camp, and 70 out lay camps by which the fur traders hath made peace, and trade with the English but Gist being both English and French he keepeth his promise to the Chief that he set down no French trade in the land of the Delawares, but pay in Virginia tobacco. (Christopher Gist was at Jacob Horn's home on Snow Creek from March 21st., to sunrise on March 30th. Jacob Horn says Gist was on his way to his holdings beyond Turkey Foot but evidently he went to his mule claim lands and returned to the Jacob Horn homestead, for under date of April 10th., eleven days later, Jacob Horn records that he makes his agreement with Gist to hold these mules on his Snow Creek lands. Gist did not set out from Snow Creek for Turkey Foot and Gist Point until after he made his second visit to Jacob Horn's home on April 10th., instead of on March 30th., as he first intended and recorded by Horn on March 30th., 1745.) April 7, 1745. The spring season being full at hand Hardtman is planting Indian corn this day by the Rocks below the mill. Snow Creek or South Fork branch being in full water, the mill is made 22 THE HORN PAPERS busy all the last six days. Dutchy made great thanks to John Hardt- man for the small Virginia Spin wheel he did make at the Mill all for her own, being made of Virginia Oak, the same being from the seasoned log which all say did fall down 60 years ago, but which no white man did ever know as in truth. The King and Parliament hath set no seal to any people on Snow Creek, neither hath the Royal Governor made known any decrees unto us, and be it known that I Jacob Horn hath his own rule set down, by which every frontiers man is at peace and rest with meat, while abideth with us. September 22, 1745. The season being well spent, Dutchy and our son Christopher of two months, and his brother John of two years, are all in good spirits and with much food in store our home is in peace, and I Jacob Horn am a loyal Virginia subject, so long as the King and Parliament set down no Ords which doth include this Snow Creek settlement. April 10, 1746. The season being very wet no flaxseed has been put into the ground or Indian Corn planted but the season is not yet beyond the Oak and beach growth, and will mature the flax before the September sun doth smuth it. This being the first season that the Mill stones has been lifted since made in place in September five years hence. John Hardtman faced the right one while I have cut, or am at work on the second or left mill stone. Christopher Gist by his lot and interest in the fur trade did set aside his south Country claims, for one landed estate, whereby he set aside one part of same, to make one half of the claims held in London in part payment of all sums due the London Fur Company. The Virginia claim on the James River Trail being by his say, the mule claim which being nearer to his fur settlement now says only one small part of his south river plantation being his the main part being his sisters and husband by deed of rightful claim to the same in 1738. By Gist consent, I Jacob Horn do now agree to hold on this land twenty four mules from his river plantation as my rightful own, when Gist has set a sum value on his mules and received in payment the same if not otherwise made use of in trade. John Wiever being at hand, he and his son, and McCullough the elder, by consent of Gist and his man do agree to trail the mules from the river plantation to this land where by they shall rest and feed before, any sum be declared the made value of the mules. June 1, 1746. Dutchy by her own hand killed a deer by the upper waters of the dam when she set out to pick wild greens by the Creek. John Hardtman returned from the settlement with the salt and the sharp axes and the gin having the gin put in the Kings glass flask with seal set Hardtman did get no part of the gin before he set it down at JACOB HORN'S DIARY 23 the Mill. Hardtman say that my brother John did leave Ft. Hagar and go to Wills Creek waters at the outpost of London Fur Com- pany in 43, but no word hath been heard of him at Penns Inn since we left them 1739. James Riley declare the French has set their mark on Tingoo- quas very village doors and make it known that Virginia fur traders must seek new outpost, not being in favor in Tingooquas land but Oppahemolleh declares the French belong on La Belle waters not in Fishing Creek head waters, or by the Waters of Queene Aliquip- pas Second Waters in the regions of the Delawares Flint point store house where Eckerlins and Gist first set up trade in 1737 after hav- ing set up their fur houses in Tingooquas Villages. February 20, 1747. Being a bright spring day, Wiever and John Hardtman set out for the land of Black Water, or Cheathe river crossing of the same on the James River Trail. Being two days trail by mule pack. Jarome Salem set his Post at that Place and makes it known as Salem's Post, in the year that Dr. Samuel Eckerlin and Gist set in the fur trade. Jarome Salem having two daughters. James Riley by artful design did make Peggy Salem his lawful wife and set her family at Salem Post as a mark of place whereby the fur traders could take meat and rest at home, when on the James River trail. Turkee Foot Camp, being the first camp and Little Laurell Hill Camp being the second camp, Salem Post the 3rd, Furnace Point being next to Snow Creek, all in line of travel on James River Trail to the land of the Delawares, which Gist say is in the Mohingalo country. February 27, 1747. John Hardtman with Wiever did reach Salem Post, and take meat and rest with Jarome Salem two days made inquiry for gold and iron. They declare that the Indians knowledge of these ores there are without being a fact. Gist de- clared 8 years hence no gold was to be found on this side of Turkee Foot Crossing of Eckerlins own Creek. Wiever declare iron in sheets is marked on two side of Fair faxes trail near the James River Trail 17 English miles from Snow Creek settlement. This being the same as claimed by old Spottsilvania for the king and colony in 1723 by Logan and Clark. March 7, 1747. By the grace of God, we now have three sons. Dutchie say three sons but no mother's daughter. Dutchie is happy but knows no English talk to this day, but I, Jacob Horn can make clear all her home land talk and we did by signs get along well when neither one could understand the other. John Hardtman declare he is pleased that it was I, Jacob Horn that drew the bargain to Marry Dutchie. 24 THE HORN PAPERS June 6, 1747. Be it known that the Colony of Virginia is now declaring herself enlarged by all lands to the La Belle Waters and unto the French Lakes. Gist say the centre of the Mountains west of the Sus de La Hanna is the line between the Virginia lands and the French claims. Gist own land being on French claims, the Dela- wares land. If it be the Delaware lands it cannot be French because it is known that the Delaware Indians are English Indians, not French Indians. So say Wiever and McCullough, and say we all. By agreed time set on March 12, Gist did reach his first camp at Turkee Foot Hill on the 23 of the same month, and departed from Riley the next day, Riley and his 15 carriers reaching this place on the 12 day of May. Gist now being on the Sus de La Hanna on his trail from Philadelphia. By his own consent he agrees to take rest and meat in our old home and make known our family to our dear father and Mother George and Mary Horn. Gist say he will be in trail to Snow Creek by September 10. July 22, 1747. Water very low. Mill not in use. Dutchie and John Hardtman turned the flax. I, Jacob Horn have made the mill stones sharp for use. September 22, 1747. Much rain fell on the 10th day hence. Water in full stage. Made 2 tubs of Rye meal on this day. Hardt- man, Wiever and Watson set out for Williamsburgh on the 3rd day hence for home needs. October 4, 1747. This day being Dutchie's born day, we did set aside the flax breaking, and all labor and make the day Holy unto the Lord. Day and the foremost part of the nite be one of song and grace to God. John Hardtman, With Wiever being on the trail to the Greenbrier ford killed a black bair, and 6 wild fowls, and two turkee. Water in Snow Creek by more than all needs of the mill. Mill being in use on the 2nd and 3rd. The same being the 2nd and 3rd of the first week of October, 1747. October 12, 1747. This day C. Gist, scribe and 10 mule packs, and White Eye, and Eagle Feathers with 8 Indian carriers did bring many prime furs from the land of the Delawares, the same to be the furs of the Indian fur Company of Williamsburgh. Gist and scribe Lewis, took meet and rest for 2 days and all the carriers did make great marching in the waters in the dam while Gist and self set down many plans for next season in the land of the Delawares. He say all is well in our old home at Penn's Inn, and that I shall return next season. Gist say the fur trade is large in the same ter- ritory by which he and Bernard Eckerlin set their fur cabins 10 years hence. Gist now declare that James Riley has set his cabin on his own run one part of a mile from White Snake's own village - JACOB HORN'S DIARY 25 where the French set their claim between the two springs high on the hill below the trail of Spotted Tail. The same being Delawares own land. Gist declare the French say so long as the Virginia fur traders share with the French, all the furs, pelts and skins the French will not claim their lands, and all make trade with the Village Chief, but Riley declare no Delaware Indians be permitted to trade with the French. Gist say while he measured the distance this season, from Fishers Crossing of Sus de La Hanna to Jumonville waters on the Mohongalo river, the French surveyor declare that the Dela- ware land shall be French lands by order of Concentrecuer. I say no man on Snow Creek do make clear all Gist Talk, but Gist de- clare the land to be rich, and much great timber covers the most of that territory. June 1748. I, Jacob Horn, father of three sons. John, born in 1743, Christopher, born in 1745 and Hardtman born in 1747. With my beloved wife have not consented to leave Snow Creek, the home, and Mill to make a home in Philadelphia. June 21, 1748. Indians entrail west of the Ridge. Water in — middle stage. Mill running two days. July 12, 1748. Heavy rain Snow Creek in flood, log bridge carried away by flood. _ September 12, 1748. By agreement I Jacob Horn do make the trail to Williamsburgh on Gist's say that John Canon demands the persons and voices of ten frontier settlers to make protests^against the kings grant of Virginia lands) on La Belle waters, the same to be set down at Williamsburgh on the 10th day the next month of this A. D. McCullough the elder, Joseph Freye, Frazier the elder, Pat- terson, Enoch O'Brine the elder, and William Gibson and self do agree to trail with Gist to Williamsburgh on the 8th of the month hence. September 22, 1748. The rapair all being made on the mill dam, the flood water did make no loss at the mill, the upper reach of Snow Creek branch being the greatest in flood since Von Reis- seiller set the mill on the creek. Both millstones running today and flax stone in part. John Hardtman by desire to learn of brother John is setting out for Fort Hagar on the morrow. McCullough declares that he will not trail with John, by consent of Watson to make the trail, McCullough declare Samuel will run the mill and keep watch on the Indians now on the trail. September 28, 1748. This day fifteen Cherokee Indians from the West branch of La Belle waters above Indian Point made clear the needs of some cornmeal and being agreeable to my demands the same was given to them whereupon they shake our hand and depart 26 THE HORN PAPERS on the James River trail to the Warm Springs and Yadkin River trail, which they say trail to South Yadkin country. October 4, 1748. Christopher Gist arrived at the mill this day from his home at u Gist Trail End" south and west of the Yadkin, and declare that the King's intention to declare so large a landed estate in the French Domains will embitter both the French and the Delaware Indians and war will continue between the French and whoever sets up obstructions to the French Claims west of the moun- tains, since by neither desire or claim did Virginia set their boundary beyond the second crest of the mountains north of the Shawanee Indian lands until one year ago hence. Great turmoil prevails by Virginia's Blue-bloods desire to lay claims to the French La Belle waters. In time, Gist declares Snow Creek will be forced into Vir- ginia's settlements, and that the King and Colony will set bounds to all here, and collect tax from this settlement, but I, Jacob Horn, declare the King and Colony hath no jurisdiction over any part of this frontier settlement, and so say every one of the sixteen settlers living on this creek. October 7, 1748. Fine weather. Tobacco cut and strung. Flax ready for breaking. John Hardtman killed one deer and two turkees. October 16, 1748. We set out as agreement on the 8th for Wil- liamsburgh and after one encampment at "Gists Mule Ranch," above the main James River trail, we did reach the home of John Canon on the eve of the 9th day of the month, and all did drink to the health of Canon and his royal mother, but no man aye for the King. Each man did say his thoughts boldly to the Virginians in council on the 10th, and Gist declare to all that he had no say, being ^only the guide to all whom he was directed to trail to the council. Canon did assail the King and the royal governor as traitors to Virginia's interest. The snow Creek settlers all assured the council of Virginia that they stood by Canon and Gist in extending the boun- dary of the colony, butlby^no right do we favor the power of the King, beyond the power now at hand. It is now believed the colonial friends will assail all frontier border settlements now free of colonial rule. ... December 6, 1748. Dutchie has many days at the wheel. Abel McCullough, with son John, were timely saved from a wild beast by Hardtman in the cleared camp below the ford. January 14, 1749. It is now known that the French have seized all the Delaware lands and will make no place West of the old agree- ment open to the Virginians, either of the Blue-blood line, or to the fur traders who have traded with the Delaware Indians, Gist being one man who can meet. . . . JACOB HORN'S DIARY 27 ^ March 17, 1749. This day being the day to plant seed in the soil. I placed there in a goodly portion. Good stage of Water at the mill. September 1, 1749. I have minded to form an iron smelter of two ports. Iron ore found by Hardtman is of first value in Williams- burgh. November 11, 1749. Hardtman and John Watson returned from Williamsburgh with supplies, for the home and Mill. Indians at the Mill, all are friends. Water at Middle stage. John Hardt- man at work on main shaft of Water wheel to set more speed to mill stone. November 25, 1749. Christopher Gist by appointed time, with Hardtman at Williamsburgh, arrived at the homestead on the eve. of 20th on his way to the Mohongalo Valley and abide with us three days. January 20, 1750. I returned home from two weeks at Wil- liamsburgh. John Canon and Richard Yeates his counsellor pardner gave advice on Virginia's iron rights and declared Parliament Acts to be more of speech than of force. March 30, 1750. John Hardtman Wiever, and Freye are at work on the iron furnace. The Char Pit is now ready to be opened. The ore pit was cleared and some iron ore digged out. Mill at work for many days. June 1, 1750. Christopher Gist with Esq. John Canon arrived at the Mill seat on the 26th of May and partook of our hospitality until today. Many new theories are abroad in the Colony. John Canon of great ability for one of his age, although of Blue Blood heeds not the threats of the King nor the Acts of Parliament. Mill at work, with Abel McCullough in charge. June 4, 1750. First iron ore and Char put in the first furnace today, and fired. This being the first iron smelter ever set up on Snow Creek. July 6, 1750. Made some Rye meal today. Good stage of Water in Snow Creek. October 4, 1750. Smelter is filled and fired today. A scarcety of Char on hand at this time. The Indians are on the trail, All are friendly. The tobacco all cut and dried. Dutchie run the Wheel all the days of September, and much linen and Chintz is stored. April 4, 1751. Indians on the trail to Lake region. This day being a bright warm spring day we placed seeds in the ground. The water is abundant to keep the Mill at Work. May 10, 1751. Planted some Indian Corn, acrost the creek, below the Mill this day. Wiever, and Hardtman fashioned heavy 28 THE HORN PAPERS axe, like one used at Hagar. Abel McCullough fell three trees to make beams for the Wheelpit at the Mill. The great Mill stone was taken up, and made a new face there to, and re set for use. May 26, 1751. Two French Surveyors from Philadelphia and Williamsburgh, Came to Snow Creek this day with Christopher Gist to make a trip to the Mohongalo River Valley and desire I, Jacob Horn to go on the trail with them, but cannot do so. May 30, 1751. Much assurance being given I am now ready to take the trail with Gist, and two Frenchmen to Tingooqua's Camp. Gist being gide for Grendelier and Beaumont. June 4, 1751. Christopher Gist and self, joined the two French- men, and all took trail to French Creek, in north Country to make surveys and degrees, and Chart the same from Tingookahs Creek, to mouth of on Mohongalo river. August 24, 1751. With Christopher Gist, and the two French- men we set out from Snow Creek on the bright summer morning of June 4th, and followed the trail in all its windings until we reached Little French Creek where we made surveys of the Creek, and found the degrees of lattitude and longitude and made a chart of the loca- tion at Turkey Foot. We set the First of the French Lead Plates declaring to all the people, that the territory belongs to France. This Plate was planted 100 paces North of Little French Creek, at the trail crossing and 20 paces to the West of said trail. The French- men making true degrees of the same, on Chart of trail. Gist being on the Creek in 1737 and 1741 made it known by a heap of stone on both sides of the said Creek and he called it Gist Creek, but the French surveyors set it down on this day, — as Little French Creek, by rightful authority and so shall it be, to the French, but never so by the Royal Colony. Turkey Foot Rock so Marked and named by Eckerlins 1736. From the Lead Plate, we set out for where Gist declare Mont. Tingooqua, and Peter Chartier his brother, by mar- riage, of wife's sister, The two Delaware Indians are in Camp at the Spirit Spring, where the Fish Stone Sacrifice is declared, by Tingooqua, and Wessameking. We passed on the same trail as marked by Gist in 1749, Crossing two wide streams of clear water no survey being made at this time. On the eve of the next day, we made camp by Spirit Spring at Tingooqua's Camp, in Tingooqua's own rightful region. Tingooqua, Peter Chartier Wessameking, Bow legs, and some Wariors, made a feast and Counselled with Gist and the French Surveyors. On the next sun-day the Frenchmen determined the point by degrees, and there on the trail by the small stream, planted Lead Plate 2. By the Authority of France, the Frenchmen called the two Creeks we passed over to be forever JACOB HORN'S DIARY 29 known as Tingooqua's Creeks, by statement of Gist to be one, and the same Creek, at the old Delaware Common Council Camp the same, acknowledged by Tingooqua and Chartier. From the useful Indian guide, Wessameking who, supplied us greatly with Cat Fish the Frenchmen Set down this Camp as Camp Cat Fish 1. Spirit Spring. Said Spring to be known as Spirit Spring, because the great spirit who ruled all matters, made this Spring, to flow only, when, the great Spirit was good to his Children and they, good to him. The little stream was named Cat Fish Run, in size, to Wessameking's authority, so ordered, and set in the Records by the French surveyors on June 14th, 1751. From Camp Cat Fish 1, we trailed under Tin- gooqua, Chartier, and the Indian gide to a point on the Said Tin- gooqua Creek, now so named, and there made Camp, and called it Camp Cat Fish 2 the same being on level land, 20 paces from the water, and we made a survey of one days march, both up, and down said Creek, from the Camp, but, set no lead plate there, on. On the third day, we broke camp and trailed over to South branch of the same Tingooqua Creek by the Common Council grounds and up stream, to the mouth of what Tingooqua described as Crooked Run, and so determined by the records, and then 50 paces from the bank of the said Tingooqua Creek, and 20 paces from Crooked Run, over against high hill, we planted the French lead plate 3 de- claring this to be French territory by Rights of the King. From there, we went to the mouth of Tingooqua's Main Creek on Mohon- galo River, and on west bank, 100 paces back, and the same from the said Creek on level ground, planted the large French lead Plate 4^ feet in the earth, said plate being 16 x 24 English inches while No 2-3 were 8^ x 14 English inches. Returning to Camp Cat Fish 1, at Spirit Spring on Cat Fish Run, where we rested in Camp four days feasting by consent, and good will of Tingooqua but, on the second day, at Camp, all went to the site of the great and final bat- tle-ground of the Delaware where they met defeat and death and overthrow and loss of all Mohongalo territory, and were made Children and Sqaws. This great Indian battle was fought three years hence, being the 17 and 18 days of the 9th month, and year of 1748. The Frenchmen agreeing with Gist that twelve thousand Indians were killed in the field below Flint Top, and only two white men saw that battle. These two were Buck Eckerlin and his broth- er with an Indian gide the same being Bowlegs. Now at the beginning of the fifth day at Camp Cat 1 Spirit Spring The French surveyors, Gist and self with Tingooqua, Peter Chartier and Wessameking we trailed up to ridge and on same to the highest peak, and there Grendelier placed the French flag of JACOB HORN'S DIARY 31 Authority on a Signal Rock and followed Tingooqua's trail on said ridge down around, over, and across, to the dividing of the waters of the South-east, and North-east flow, passing the three springs near the foot of what the Frenchmen set down as Signal hill Grende- lier Forte, the same being in Indian meaning Spring on top of hill and reached the Spring nameing it Wessameking Spring, this same spring being one half up the hill from the low land and there we made Camp and called it Upper Camp Cat Fish and then set down the direct point of degrees in the record and from there surveyed to the small stream, and down said stream to main stream, and from this point we surveyed the main stream following it to its mouth, the same being measured by paces there in, and by all agree- ment the Creek of Main stream was named Chartier Creek and so recorded on this 11 day of July, 1751. The small stream being de- clared a branch of main stream was not given a separated name. Near the Spring at the Camp at Upper Camp Cat Fish, the French- men depicted the French flag and ate on the rock thirty paces over, and above the spring, and set this same large rock as a warning unto all people that this same region was a part of the Kings territory in America. Now Tingooqua being of good faith and of good spirit declared to Gist that the Delawares had no power to make, or refuse, Rights in the Mohongalo territory a treaty to the French, or the English, only fight by force of the Five Nations made this of no considera- tion but, Tingooqua, and Chartierr agreed to give support to him, who, came after them, in Authority, by force, or by rightful posses- sion of this land round about, and gave a feast, as declaring it in good faith, Christopher Gist, at this time trailed with the two French surveyors and two Indians of well known knowledge of the Lake region trail, to the Mohongalo River and crossed below the mouth of Tingooqua's Main Creek and traile to a point, said to be thirty-six miles, and there, parted from the French surveyors, and the Indian gides who made their way to the North Lake and to the east borders coast. Christopher Gist after six days returned to Camp Cat Fish, Spirit Spring. By agreement, Gist, and self, bid Tingooqua a warm farewell, and set out on our return to Snow Creek by the same trail we made in June, meeting with the Eckerlins on Little French Creek. Gist made them known to the French surveyors Chart of Tingooqua's domains, and we abide there one day, and one night in the Camp, thence trailed on, to Snow Creek where we with the blessings of God arrived on the Close of the day of August 20— this year 1751, and find All in good care of the Mercy of God. 32 THE HORN PAPERS September 16, 1751. By the grace of God, and good of all, our little girl came to earth, on the day before this, and both Dutchie and self give thanks to God, and place her name in the Bible of her grand-father. John Hardtman, and Abel McCullough have, with Weavers help filled the pit and fired it in August, and the Char will make the smelter ready to fire, as plan agreed to be in October. Snow Creek very low, and Mill not at work. October 16, 1751. Tobacco dried and pressed on this day. Plenty of water in Snow Creek, Smelter at full heat, and forge re- paired. Dutchie works at the Wheel and loom all the days after end of September. March 23, 1752. Christopher Gist from Williamsburgh came to abide with us for three days. He talks much of Tingooqua's rights but the Delawares fate no man can change. The Nations will never be good with Frenchmen on the trail with them. The Royal Colony has granted outposts in the Mohongalo River lands, but John Canon, of Blue blood, has set the Colony, against the King and Parliament there by declaring it a great arrogence to all good Virginia people. September 1, 1752. Replace Oven at long house. Indians on the trail, all are friends, no Chief near. Water in full head to turn the mill every day. Flax crop very good this year with Indian Corn and Rye all safely matured. January 1753. John Hartman, Wiever, killed three deer with four turkee and Abiga Hough killed two deer and one turkee of which all is common to our board. Made Rye Meal and Corn Crox at mill today. May 1, 1754. Furnace in heat. Iron heated and forged. Two pits of Char ready to fire smelter. Abel McCullough set out for Williamsburgh on the day before this for home needs. Cut off six Pine trees in opposition to the will of King and Parliament. I, Jacob Horn, first, Virginia next, and Parliament when it is good to my will. Many Virginia gentlement think our home run iron is not a part of Parliament affairs, since they, not the King receives the tax paid, or iron for their use, which they so desire. July 17, 1760. Building stone water wall at Mill. Christopher Gist, John Canon, John Gibson and R. Yates with Wiever and self set out on trail for the upper Cuntry in Tingookahs land, and did find the Afforsaid Chief at Camp Cat Fish 2. and all sat in counsil and after some delay the Chief, and two braves trailed with us to Cat Fish Camp 1, by the big Spring known as Spring where we made surveys and degrees with measures of distances to, and from the camp; the same being made by Ords of Virginia Burgess. JACOB HORN'S DIARY 33 October 30, 1760. Gist and gides, abide with us a week at the Mill and Partake of Good, and rest. Iron Smelter ready to fire, and son John, and Christopher now at the forge have made many home made articles of common usage, and have a pit of Char ready to open. Abel McCullough and John Heaton trailed to James River Settlement, and their did obtain the needs of the home. May 1, 1762. At work on Mill, Water low. John Hardtman made part of big water wheel. Christopher Gist, and one Indian returned from Tingooqua Country and abide three days, and trail to Williamsburgh. He talked much, and said the Eckerlins had changed Little French Creek to Dutch Creek, or Dunkard Creek but the Lead plate was there. January 1763. The Indians are on the War trail, but no Indians are near the Mill. Son John, and son Hardtman killed three deer and a bear above the log bridge. Son John, and son Christopher, McCullough and John Hardtman are making Char for Smelter. February 14, 1764. I, Jacob Horn, am this day, and date there- of commissioned as Justice, en Corte Man for Snow Creek settle- ment and in Spottsilvania Parish, west of established line, not here prescribed in previous Ords. By and for Augusta County. All persons making claims to any portions of land, or to the owner of cattle, or other prescribed animals, or the raiser of tobacco, are sub- ject to the King's tax and I have set the day, and date of March 1st, 1764 as the date of hearing, and therefore ye all take heed that after said date, that Snow Creek settlement will be subject to the Kings tax, and to the Burgess on the part of the colony. March 24, 1765. John Horn, Christopher Horn, John Heaton, with Abiga Hough made exploring trail over the west ridges into Tagarts River, thence north to Laurel Point thence to Camp Wetzel and to the divide thence by main trail to the Mill. Gist abide with us a week we have much rain about April 1 all kep at the Mill. May 1, 1765. I, Jacob Horn, make return on the Colony's scroll as set forth. Families as 14 Bundles of lint 250 Single freemen as 12 Sheep-wool not used Maids of past age 9 20 bags Horses 14 R- aw i ron slabs ^5U Goats 65 Iron of Kings make — Cattle 45 Iron of home run Mules held by owners of same at this date 36 Sheep 80 Bibles Dutch Spinning wheels 12 Kings Bibles 4 Looms 10 Mill stones set ^ Time clocks 2 Flax stones set 1 Sun clocks 4 34 THE HORN PAPERS Charcoal burned in 1764 said to be 1250 measures (bushels) Indian corn made to meal t 108 bags Indian corn made to crox 250 bags Rye ground 300 Wheat ground 70 measures Pine trees axed by consent of Kings council Pine trees axed by rights of settlers — not set down Virginia made axes 200 — made by my consent 50 Oven doors made set down as 50 Hard iron knives about 200 Fire bars, second heat, 300 Link bars 10 June 4, 1765. Gist, ever on his hunt for gold and lead, had no knowledge that by Canon's desire that I, Jacob Horn, was made a justice for Snow Creek until four days hence, but say it is well with him. He now say, "I hold no land. To the Virginia settlers, I gave my French lands, and the Ohio lands to my sons, except that land at the slave quarters which I gave to my wife, White Rose, and my two daughters." Gist say Snow Creek lands have no kings warrents made for them, but I say whose lands are they, if not the settlers? Dutchy says it is all Stuyvests land when he lived, but now it is the settlers land. So say we all. Flood in creek, log bridge washed away. June 21, 1765. The iron furnace and forge were cleaned and made ready to fire when the ore is carted down to the smelter. A violent storm befell two upper Virginia settlers on top of the moun- tain ridge in Devil's Pass from Snow Creek to the head of the Green- brier River trail to the Spottswood or New River claims in 1750. August 4, 1765. John Hardtman is now making a Virginia "waggon" of four wheels for use of two yoke of oxen, same as Mc- Cullough made in '51. The Von Reisseiller waggons are no longer in use being well worn in parts after 25 years time and four trail trips to Baltimore. The clock, chess and china being hauled from there on the long waggon in 1742 by Hardtman and Abel McCul- lough in October. August 1765. Smelter at full heat, and forge is kept at work. John and Christopher with John Hardtman making Char, and ready to fire furnace. Tobacco in South field very good. June 11, 1767. Wiever killed a grown bair this day. The Mill made ready to work, and New log wheel with Kog pins joined to pit post, (Shaft) made by John and Chris, is good work. The flax and tobacco grow well at this season. Again we made trail to Tin- gooqua Creek by old trail to Laurel Point to French Creek, now JACOB HORN'S DIARY 35 Sed Creek being Dutch or Dunkird Creek to Camp Cat Fish 1. on head land of Tingooquas Creek the same being as directed by Ords. Trail to Camp Cat Fish 2. about same as 1751 trail Spirit Spring same Clear Cold Water. Stone heaps made 20 perches each way from Spring by Ords and Camp Cat Fish 1 set down on marked plan as Augusta out post by Virginia Royal Claims. Indians at peace, but Frenchman lost to them, even French Creek, French run are no more but are called Dunkard, and Crooked run as Gist called the run in 1751. September 1767. Christopher Gist, John Hunter, John Gibson and self, made the trip to Tingooquas Camp, Camp Cat Fish 1, South-east of the divide between the headwaters of the Ou Mohon- galo river and those of Upper Cat Fish Run, the same being on the head waters of Tingooquas Creek, thence to Cat Fish Camp 2, thence over to Camp Cat Fish 3. at the Mouth of Crooked Run on the South branch of the same Creek, above the point of the two branches of the afforsaid Tingooqua Creek. Here we rested two days, thence returned to Camp Cat Fish 1, to the same place we marked for the Colonys first post in Tingookahs domains in 1751, 60-2 and now 1767 and so advise that agreable to all, the same may be established at This same place. October 6, 1767. Hunter, Heaton, and self, made the trip by same trail as made in 1751 to Crooked Run and camped on the same place as on first trip. We located more iron ore at Iron Point as named by the French in 1749 and Heaton scouts over some of the hill to make some sign of markings of the French. Beyond finding a digged pit no other mark of authority was to be found. Iron Point by Tingooqua word, has for long years been the territory of the Delawares but after their defeat at Flint Top in Sept. 1748 it was Made Common lands but the French made claim to all there round about, but the Royal Colony of Virginia has all lawful rights there to, and all loyal Virginians will fight to hold that land as a part of Augusta Co. and Ords as set down at Williams- burgh, neither the French nor the Lake Indians now have claim to this land but the fight will be to keep the Penn peepul from becom- ing settlers, but Canon thinks to burn them out on the first, peepul will heed the Royal Colony, and make the Mohongalo Valley Vir- ginia soil, as it should be by all right acts. October 24, 1767. Surveys made on Tingooqua's Creek, and of Camp Cat Fish 1 were made Ords at Williamsburgh. December 4, 1767. Much smelting, and purifiing was done this year. The mill we helped build in 1740, now after twenty seven years 36 THE HORN PAPERS run, is still the only one up here on Snow Creek, at this date of Christmas Day, 1767. April 6, 1769. The season at Snow Creek being well advanced Gist having returned from his people in Baltimore's Colony, did reach this place on the third day hence with John Canon as by agree- ment at his old homestead to Williamsburgh trail, where only his squaw son met him, and there did await the set time on the 29th for them to trail to Snow Creek whereby they and self have made agree- ment to take 6 mules on the trail to Little French Creek, but Gist now declare they will be taken to Teegardens Fort, where one Tay- lor and his slaves will trail them to Gist Plantation at the foot of the Mountains, and all being made ready we may hope to set out on the James River trail to Turkey foot early on the 10th of this same month, and to trail by Canon and self to Camp Cat Fish on the 15th, as ordered by Canon to the runners to Tingoqua's Camp early in March. The tobacco, fire arms, and salt being all in skins, the same to be trailed by Gists mules to Teegardens Fort, where Teegarden and Hupp will make such of these to the peace Indians as Tingooqua and Chartier may direct, but must be agreeable to John Canon who being the Commissioner in the Virginia regions on the Mohongalo, makes all agreeable to his law and his wishes. Being the set time for our trailing to Camp Cat Fish to build the Blockhouse and open the Corte and collect the King's and the Colony's tax, but Canon by direct authority say the Lake Indians are on the war trail on French- Indian trail on the south border of Tingooquas claims and the Block- house and Corte must not be set down this season, but to make dili- gent search and inquiry among the settlers west of the river, their safety and of their loyalty to the Royal Colony, and to make known that no tax be set against them there at this time, and to Post do Notices that no Bedford County people be allowed to settle on any land within the Virginia territory of the Ohio River Country, on pain of death and being quartered as fellinus criminals. The same being set down by Christopher, I have all Canon's Ords set ready to post at such places as the Bedford Criminals may make tomahawk homesteads, Bowlegs to direct the places where Virginia rights are set at nought by these obnoxious violaters of the Kings law. Gist with Canon are in haste to get on the trail, but Hardtman, and Mc- Cullough have not reached this place with three of Gist's mules for the 8th day, was the time set for all the six mules to be made ready, and fitted with tree saddles by Jacob. Wiever, Abiga Hough for the trail. Gist, Canon and self keeping his own mule for his own journey Cristoball will ride the lead pack animal, and look to all our cares. Gist now being second to John Canon but far more advanced in JACOB HORN'S DIARY 37 years and knowledge of the Ohio country is a tired and very much reserved man. No man knoweth Gist plans and he sayeth little be- yond what he make in agreement for payment in return, but he of all Virginia men knows the Indians, the French, and the Virginians of every tribe and class, and how to serve them best, making him- self the first in all his agreements. Being well in the grace of Wa Ha Wag Lo and his delaware band, he is still the friend of Bow- legs and Tingooqua but sayeth Queen Aliquippa is proud and haughty, and make her dress of too many colors, and make white men seek her favors, but Tingooqua is faithful, and to him we pro- pose to keep faith. January 20, 1770. At this time no two settlers tell the same life of Gist, and this is why no agreed statement between William Craw- ford, and John Canon could be reached as to Gist's real loyalty to either colony or to why he held no common usage for Captain Trent. Christopher Gist was not likend to any other man on the border, for while he accepted service from both the French and English leaders, he held both in contempt because, both sides lent their best efforts to ruin his fur business in Baltimore, and left him a hunter and trader among the Indians as his portion, and con- tinued to harass him for debt for all his days, but at periods of time, he was much in demand as explorer, surveyor and chart maker of new territory for those who paid him well. He had neither fear of confidence in any human being beyond that which he observed, and made of use to his own plans. No colonist had so clear a knowl- edge of what the western wilds would mean to future eastern shore settlers during the years from 1725 to 1745. His first trail to the Forks in 1737 with Buck Eckerlin gave him the knowledge that both the French and English would in time do battle to gain first posses- sion of the Ohio country, and through Buck Eckerlin the Virginia gents gained their first knowledge of the country beyond the Moun- tains, who gave him his commission to explore, chart and set down his findings. Knowing what they wished to obtain, he suited his findings to his agreement with them, at the same time never failed to keep faith with Tingooqua and Wa Ha Wag Lo and the Dela- ware tribe, and gain posession of the best of the hides and furs taken by them in their domains, but his greatest wish was to obtain knowl- edge of the gold and lead minerals that the French assured him were to be found in three separate regions between the Monongahela and Ohio rivers north of Little French Creek, with iron in three places one of which he was aware of 20 years before the French made this claim at Iron Point. Gist stated in 1766 that Englands iron made supplies would never be common on these borders, because even 38 THE HORN PAPERS Virginia Planters used Virginia iron horse shoes and home smelted dog irons in secret at first and now in open defiance of England. With having held two plantations east of the river, Gist which the Virginia Malitia complained to Washington in 1754 of living in state on his Plantation given to him by the Colony, yet would lend them no assistance above his consideration for the Indians, was not given to favor Washington more than he did Gen. Jumonville, who was often his guest, because as he stated it was not plain which na- tion would claim his plantation or hold his slaves as their property. Gist early meditated to leave the plantation to his lawful children to make clear denial to the Baltimore claims, which he often stated were black pirates with a just claim only, to the Devils own region. To him General Edward Braddock was likened unto a willful dis- obedient child, who was at the Forks, but Edward Ward who re- ceived many favors from Gist, after the French drove him from the Forks in March 1754, stated to Governor Dinwiddie that had he appointed Gist instead of Washington to command the Virginia malitia the French never would have gained a hold and set up Ft. DeQuesne at the Forks. The Trent, Washington, Gist contention for leadership in 1753, cost Braddock his life, and utter ruin to the English Controll at the Forks in 1755 and all too because Creaux Bozarth, set his hand to defeat Governor Dinwiddie's plan to hold the Forks for the English, and it proved a surprise that he had drawn off William Trent, then defeated Braddock by his French Indian hatred of Washington treatment of Jumonville, and his envoys, on the way to Williamsburgh. December 14, 1772. Be it known that the Camp Cat Fish Corte grounds as set down by Richard Lewis is part the Corte lands but Wiever doth claim the land where in he make his own burying ground Wiever's one day old child being laid there in the 12 of this same month and year. John Canon makes it clear the bounds of the Corte site be held at 8 acres of land but that all the land from Rock Point to Grende- lier is by common consent set down as Jacob Horn's homestead. But I Jacob Horn now have no wife no daughter, declare that Jacob Wiever can tomahawk all the land on Grendelier run to Cat Fish Run to Rock Point on no man's run to the Ridge on head waters of Grendelier run to head waters of Beaumont run except the land from his camp to the trail crossing of Cat Fish Run thence down the run to McCullough's spring thence up the dry run 100 paces to the bare land of the Fish Stone Camp site set there in. Spirit Spring being the corte spring one half way from McCul- loughs Spring to the trailcrossing at the steep trail mark on Cat JACOB HORN'S DIARY 39 Fish run. All the land set down inside about 8 or 12 acres shall be marked the Camp Cat Fish Court lands as declared by Canon in March. Canon declare no part of this land round about shall be his land, but all this same land shall be for loyal Virginia settlers by royal decree. The Indian Peter, Bowlegs and White Snake say the Fish Stone hath no spirits great or evil since Tingooqua did die this year be- yond the Ohio Waters. By Bowlegs say Tingooqua died same night Dutchie did leave us. John Hardtman did on this day clean all the brass wheels in the Kings clock and set with the sun at the hour of noon. Joseph Baylee by his own time set came into corte on this day and seek 10 pounds for Fort Marten and one Jacob Stattlers Fort on Little French Creek the same being Gist land mark to Turkee Foot Rock. September 20, 1777. With the long years of time since Gist and his scribe made their appearance at Snow Creek, and the many changes made leaves the old days now forgotten by the new order of life, but War not peace is at hand. Gist and Canon declared in 1748 that the Virginians would drive the French across the sea, then would have to tie the King's hand in Virginia rule. The Vir- ginians made the French run in 1768, and now no man believes the king will ever once more tell us what to do with our own. In 1747 Gist and the French Commissioner were as one, but in 1748, Gist seeth afar, and became equal with French demands, and Ohio lands for the Virginia gentlemen. II CHRISTOPHER HORN'S NOTES 1772-1795 October 4, 1772. Father, Hardtman and self have made the graves of Mother and Sister to look well with Bowlegs shells from Tingooqua Creek, and the stones from the river at Teegardens boat fery. Abel McCullough and John Canon from the Indian vil- lage Mounds on Chartiers Creek was in the Cort on the day before this, and are with Bowlegs and Indian Peter to march to the Forks to see that no Bedford settlers have set their camps there on Virginia land. Father will not go with them. Canon warns Father to make all settlers be named and made out, with names and where from and on which colony they belong. This Ord by Virginia must be fulfilled by one year hence. October 9, 1772. Being a bright day after a little frost John Hardtman, Bowlegs and John Wiever did set out for hunting deer in the south in the hills on the head forks of Little Shawane Creek on the west side of the French-Indian Trail. We have now one acre of Rye in green and three acres made clear for Indian Corn and flax for next years planting. Camp Cat Fish Court lands number eight acres by common consent, but no settler being homesteaded near by, no claims are set forth for the neat bounds of the Corte lands. October 14, 1772. The hunters returned with two deer and many squirrels. Bowlegs spied a warrior Indian and killed him by the rocks where he say they keep watch on Morris Fort, and the few white settlers along Eckerlin's Run. One Kent, and his man did seek out and kill one Indian, and drive three more Huron warriors from these White Rocks in 1767 and no Lake Indians is said to have been seen there since, until in April this year. Father declares the French are preparing to assail the settlers in the Mohongalo valley, and the return of their indian friends is to give them some knowledge of the settlers West of the river. The French emisary Creaux Bozarth by Daniel Moredock knowledge died in 1759, and his family are now Virginia loyalists, the French have only their Indian runners to inform them that the south borders are filled by English people from Eastern Penn land and the Ocean border lands but all are loyal Virginians by the common rights of the Colony. Father by the law set forth found the whole Zellar family to be loyal to the settlers and to Virginia, and did so decree, and to make it clear that no other complaint would stand against them did CHRISTOPHER HORN'S NOTES 41 by Ord of the Corte Change their names to Sellers, and posted the same in the name of the King, and Colony. October 29, 1772. The first snow of the late season made its way here today. Daniel Moredock Sen. George Teegarden, James Carmichael, Edward Dougherty, Samuel Lucas, and James Burson appeared at the Camp Cat Fish Court on the second day hence, and made known that they demanded the Colony to make defense for the settlers against the threatened French and Indian war on the settlers west of the River. Much talk was made, whereupon the Corte declared that Daniel Moredock, Sen. Jonathan Morris, Sen. and James Car- michael should be sent to Wmsburg to address the General Assem- bly, and there get Ords to be carried out by the Corte to defend all loyal Virginia Settlers from the Lake Indians in Northwest Augusta County. November 8, 1772. John Horn and John Hardtman, Enoch O'Brine and Abel McCullough trailed over the Delaware Indian trail by the gide of Bowlegs, to Dupratz's Island near which Sam McCullough and John Wetzel lives on their homsteads on the border of the Ohio River, and there killed two bears, two dear and thirty wild turkey in two days hunt. Morgan Morgan, and Jacob Dillinger were surprised and nearly became prisoners of the Huron warriors, on the river bank at old Fort Redstone some days ago, but these two hardy settlers did fight about twenty warriors, killed three, and the others ran into the river at the mouth of Jumonville Creek and made their escape down stream. William Teegarden who settled on the old Indian village site recently stated that several bands of Ind- ians had passed below the Ackley Ford on Ackley Run but no camps were made near by. November 24, 1772. Much salt and lead with the skins of powder sent for in September, was brought to Fort Morris by the slaves of Joseph Morris of Staunton. This will all be made common to the settlers on the South borders west of the river. Bowlegs found a French gun between Dyces Inn and Fort Redstone and did bring it here, whereupon Father claimed it to be Christopher Gist own gun stolen by William Crawford in 1755, but jno w that Gist - being dead four yea rs>, Father gave the gun to John Hardtman to hold in right, until Thomas could be made aware of the fact. Bow- legs was given two pounds of Virginia tobacco in place of the gun, for he preferred his six foot bow and ten arrows to any fire gun, and he could shoot well, scarcely ever missing his game. Bowlegs, the Joshua of the wilds of the frontier, could in many things do what no white man could do, one of these was to be made aware of a 42 THE HORN PAPERS strange Indian who might be a mile from him. No Indian could shape a stone pipe, and cut it better than Bowlegs, and no man, white or Indian could walk so far in one day, or one night as the bold daring Bowlegs whom Christopher Gist wished to make his gide in 1748, but who made no agreement to do so. December 4, 1772. This day we have gathered together all the belongings of our Mother and Sister who have passed on to God who gave them life, and who took them from us, and have preserved several of these, for our children's children to behold what their kindred possessed in their day, but we cannot look upon their posses- sions with peace of mind, while so great a grief faces us daily. To put these from our sight, is in accordance with the buriel of the dead. February 12, 1773. After the hard freezing weather of the past weeks, the sun again feels like the spring days at Snow Creek in the days of long ago. George Morris, Sam Jackson and William Archer made their appearance at Court on the sixth day, and de- manded that the white rock cliff, and Cavern be destroyed as a mat- ter of rights to all the settlers, to keep the Lake Indians from mak- ing this cave their hiding place, where upon the Corte made the Ord that this old landmark near Tingooqua Creek not far from Sam Jackson's Post be destroyed by Virginia powder at a time near by. Bowlegs lamented of this, he said these White Rocks held many Indian secrets and that for a long time Chief Wa Ha Wag Lo held these as sacred, and death would come to any Indian enemy who made use of this white stone. This white cliff was of stone not like any other far or near, and sometimes soft and sometimes very hard but the Delaware Indians used this stone to make plates, cooking bowls, and many of their smoking pipes being made from this white stone, the few peace Indians now on Tingooqua Creek lament this Ord being made but the threatened trouble from the French and Indians in Canada, the Ord must be followed by a complete destruc- tion of this enemy stronghold. February 24, 1773. One, Robert Heathe, and Samuel Frazier from the Forks on their way to Richmond took rest and meat with us two days before taking the James River trail. The weather be- ing free of frost, John and self trailed with them to Turkey Foot Hill, where we found Bowlegs, and three white men at the First Crossing of Little French Creek preparing to obtain some sugar sap from the great sugar trees nearby, and no talk could make Bow- legs return to Camp Cat Fish with us. Deer and Bear are so abun- dant on this Creek that no traveler need to be in want of food. March 2, 1773. John Moredock the father of Daniel, and James Moredock of Moredock's Flats and grandfather of Daniel CHRISTOPHER HORN'S NOTES 43 Moredock Jun. of Moredocks Spring trailed from Staunton to Camp Cat Fish with Barney Rice of Virginia, to obtain some knowl- edge of the settlers habitation and welfare in Northwest Augusta County, and to tarry with his kindred, and desires to Father where- upon father knowing him to be a loyal Virginian, and a public man of Augusta County proper, did grant him full rights to go and come where he wished, and to obtain any knowledge of the settlers and to make such reports of the settlements that the officers at Staunton may have need of at this time. . . . We made ready to boil the sap from sixty sugar trees. Hardt- man did make the first sugar of this season on this day, while Wiever and self did make water troughs to hold the sap. The furnace being made ready in February we now have two hundred fine sugar trees which Bowlegs say were large trees when he was a small brave. March 24, 1773. One foot of snow fell on this date, and a severe snow storm reached all over the river valley, cold weather following the spring like weather in February. John Canon abide with us one week to set all in order to open Corte on April 4th as the day when the King's and the Colony's laws are set forth in North- west Augusta County which hence shall be the rightful law west of the river. April 4, 1773. This day Corte opened, and John Canon gave the law to all the settlers present, and set all finds, and punishments for Bedford County settlers with the same for any Virginia settler to make friends with the Bedford County people who make attempt to homestead in Virginia soil. This day being one to be long remembered, as the first jury Corte ever convened west of the Mountains. The King and Colony against one Jacob Clarstow for accepting summons of Witness at Bedford against Virginia rights west of the river. Many settlers being at Corte, the names of James Carmichaels, Richard Wise, James Burson, George Teegarden, Robert Arnold, David Cox, Robert Russell, James Stackles and James Culver, being agreeable to Canon and the Corte, as freemen, and loyal Virginia settlers, did hear Canon's talk of Clarstow's evidence at Bedford, whereupon the jury did all agree that he was guilty of the crime, and that he be find L 50, and L 10 Cost, and that his two slaves be sold to Thomas Hughes, for the sum of all the Cost. This the Corte di- rected be made and end to, on the next day April 5, 1773. April 6, 1773. We planted some flax above the trail to Indian Ridge on this date. Grass along the Catfish Run, above the several little falls, has made its appearance, and this, Bowlegs declare, is the first place the green is ever seen in the spring of year, because 44 THE HORN PAPERS the Great Spirit sets the time for his Children to fish in the waters of the Run, Camp Cat Fish being on a line between the Rock Cover- ed high point on the Delaware Indian Trail and Aliquippa's Spring, is on low land, and well kept from the North winds, and grass is seldom out of season on both sides of the Run. The high ridge di- rectly opposite trailing to Tingooqua Creek being all covered with beech, sugar, Oak and hickory. The storms from the river Country never strike down on the Block-house, but does make a point of strong force higher on the ridge trail that divides the waters of No man's run or Pine Run from the waters of Cat Fish Run. Likewise the Delaware Indian village site being well protected from the high lands between No Man's Run and Queen Aliquippa's Camp. Bow- legs declare Spirit Spring to be the largest of twelve springs of clear water between Rock Point at the mouth of Cat Fish Run, and the head waters of the same at low gap on the Delaware Indian Trail above the high Rock Ridge trail divide to Camp Cat Fish, and the one to Tingooqua Creek. May 2, 1773. We planted some Indian Corn on this date. The season being good for planting and the growing of cropts. John, and his sons Daniel, and David with John Hardtman and Bowlegs and One eye, went to Tingooqua Creek below Camp Cat Fish 2. to catch fish and hunt some game for the Camp. May 24, 1773. Several Lake Indians are said to be on the River trail below Teegarden's Fort. Bowlegs set out in the darkness to assail any wild Indians that may be on this side of the river, no Lake Indian can escape Bowlegs for he has the wisdom of both his own race, and the best judgment of the white men. Christopher Gist stated to father in 1766 that no man had been so great a friend and spy for him since he first trailed with him in 1737, but that he would kill an enemy as soon as he would kill a snake, and that he could trail a human anywhere without fail, but he seldom spoke ten words at any one time, except, when making some point clear to white men, but he never failed to listen for hours to white men who talked much. He would say "Me am Indian, not know much." "Me no talk," "Talk make white man big trouble." He probably learned this from Christopher Gist, who never let one friend know that he had another, or that he often accepted pay from two opposing forces at the same time, taking no sides with either. He advised Father in 1751, to allow no man to guess at his private business, or give him a direct anser to any plans that he might have in mind, and this he lived until his death at Haystack Knob while on the trail from Vir- ginia to his former plantation in October, 1769. So like Gist Bow- legs was and is yet a very reserved being. CHRISTOPHER HORN'S NOTES 45 August 24, 1774. The Huron and Cayuga Indians being much in favor of the French and by them advised against the settlers in the Mohongalo Valley these Indians appeared on the war trail on the east side of the river killing two settlers near Augustine Dilling- er's homestead at the mouth of Little French Creek the same being one Cephas Conwell and Isaac Brown of the river ford and boat crossing. No settler believed the Lake Indians would trail on the west side of the river but by the darkness of nite these two score of Wild savages made their way to Hughes Run to the log house near Tingooqua Creek where Stephen Ackford set his claim in 1766 to fourteen Acres of James Carmichaels homestead now claims of Thomas Hughes, the slave trader, and killed the family and burned the log house, and were killing the cow, and goats when ten of the white settlers by the Captain Archer and his man Joel McClure fell upon them in the open on the right side of the Creek one mile above Crooked Run, and killed eight Huron, and four Cayuga warriors, and did skin the Indians and now in way to make powder and ball dry pouches. When the Indians were skinned their bodies were burned to dust where the ashes of the Ackfords family of five lay in the ashes of the log house. Joseph Blackledge killed two Hurons with a dry drift wood, but was slashed on his arms by the hard iron tomahawk or forked axe. Much fighting was at hand for a short period of time, but the wild savages fled to the river at the mouth of Turky Run where they escaped to the east side. Being the first Indian fight on Tingooqua Creek below the old Delaware Camp since in June, 1 768, the settlers are now at work preparing three forts on Tingooqua Creek for safe quarters for all settlers if the French set the Indians on a murderous war on the settlers before the malitia can drive the savage Indians beyond the Ohio. October 21, 1777. Now that Yohogania County has come to stay, and Canon's ambition is to become Royal Governor when Gen- eral Washington has driven the British out of the Colonies, and has become the First Consul of the Colonies it is the duty of every patri- ot to lend hTs every~sTiiIling, his every support, his bodily support and life to drive the British from the American shores, and thereby gain our freedom, and forever be free from paying taxes for the support of any government except that which each settler may wish to as- sume. This, Canon, declares is what Washington promises, and the only freedom worth fighting for. Canon states that when he be- comes Military governor of the Monongahela valley region, he will set a line on the ridge of the Allegheny Mountains for the west- ern bounds of the Penn claims and that a new state be established beyond the boundary of the Colonies, and the Colonies, Washington 46 THE HORN PAPERS nor Virginia shall have ought to say to the settlers and all those west of the river who remain faithful to the cause of the War, and to Canon, will become the leaders in the new State of Vandalia. No man in North-west Augusta has so much force behind him as John Canon, the patriot friend of the common settlers. Neither Washington, Lee, or Patrick Henry, have the common interest of the settlers, that John Canon holds for, neither will any man lend his support to destroy all Bedford County settlement or Virginia, or Vandalia soil as readily as John Canon. This is the common knowledge of every settler inside of the three counties, and it is the prayer of every righteous person that the Colonies may become free, and that we may too, become free of them and be our own Lord and masters. October 29, 1777. This great explorer hunter and surveyor is now gone from Northwest Augusta, as well as from all the living settlers with whom he brought here, but Christopher Gist was as si- lent in life as he is in death. Father only ten days hence declared with Gist gone the 7 years have reacted a new order of things that he declared in 1753 would come to pass if the English laid claim to the lands west of the boundary in 1761. Christopher Gist deceived no man but made no man his full sharer of his plans or his thoughts. He said in 1751, both the English Pound Sterling and the French gold would pay the same account in Baltimore. When Gist made his last trail to Snow Creek at the end of June 1769, after which he trailed to Baltimore, he said to father, I will probably take meat and rest no more with you here at Snow Creek, but will find you and Canon both at Spirit Spring and will take meat and rest with you there while we assure both Tingooqua and Bow- legs the same good thoughts of them are maintained as in 1751. But Gist did not fore see that was the last trail to fathers above. With his Indian son he spent the month of August on his mule home- stead and then trailed to the homestead of the Fraisers and the Lewis homes spending the sunshine of September 1769 in hunting the deer and wild Turkee off the wilds on the Fair fax Plantation. On the 24th of the month he set out from the Lewis homestead for Mt. Braddock by the northern Virginia trail, reaching Salem Post on the 27th, and camped by the waters of the Mohongalo at double horse shoe bend on the last day of the month. Being desirous to fish, his son passed down the river some miles for two days, Gist was compelled to await his return^ Being without much of his usual sup- plies, he ate much of the wild grape, and much of the red plums and became weak and his mule travel was very disagreeable. /When they reached Laurel Hill, or Little Haystack Knob, they set in camp on CHRISTOPHER HORN'S NOTES 47 the second of October. Being very much disturbed in mind and body on the third, he addressed his son to make haste to Turkey Foot to receive Bowlegs presence. He grew more and more weak, and with- out any clear knowledge of his sons presences, and he did die at the half hour after 4 O'clock on the 4 day of October, 1769. By his stated will of mind in 1759, he was buried one thousand feet above his magazine beneath the shade of the great oak tree, at the foot of Dunbar's trail to the Slave quarters, at the time of sunset on October 6th 1769. By his own say in June of this same year, 1769, he was 60 years of age, but two centuries in all his knowledge of the fron- tier life among the French and Indians, as well as the Virginians with whom he served with strick honesty under all conditions. Christopher Gist knew the Mohongalo Valley and upper Ohio River borders more than any other white man in his day, and with Joshua (Bowlegs) knew every Indian trail from the Sus de La Han- na to the Ohio before the Old French and Indian War. Being of a sound mind, and a tall but lithe body, he could travel fast and long in duration never giving much thought to himself, but much care to his mules. He feared no man or animal. Sharp in expression of feature, strong in all his likes, and dislikes. He would kill an enemy without a minutes warning, but would share his Virginia tobacco with all his friends. Bowlegs declare Yist to be the Great Spirits hunter Chief in the Happy Hunting Ground, where the Delawares shall have the best of all food animals, and fish for their own, and Yist shall eat in Bow- legs own tepee. The Virginians who settled east of the river on Gist French lands in 1763, are now among the first families west of the river, and these did offer much praise and many prayers for his souls peace. Bowlegs did build a fire, cook a fish and place it somewhere on one of Gist trails to remind him that hei, Bowlegs is still his faithful friend./ The great Gist is departed from us, and John Canon has" well said, he was the first and greatest of all Virginians, but was made a slave instead of a leader, because he like Canon would not bow to the will of the Crown, and his councillors. Let no man say nay to the greatness of Christopher Gist as friend to a dying race of God's free people, the Indians. November 6, 1777. The Delawares Indians bring their com- plaints to father, and Declare the English people by their say make Logan a wild French Indian, full of fury and a warrior, where as he is a peaceful Indian, a friend to all Virginian people and never did kill any one, Indian or white man because he was faithful to William Penns treaty, and of his good treatment of the Delaware 48 THE HORN PAPERS tribe. Bowlegs declare Cayuga, and Hurons drink French rum "fire water" and wear red stripes of the French, then kill all the French say kill. By this same knowledge it is known that Logan did become the enemy of William Crawford in Bedford in 1772, who by design set the Virginia Militia against Logan, and declared he did rob the Militia, and kill two Virginians, where upon the militia attacked the Delawares and murdered Logans family because they were Indians. John Canon declares that Dunmore was a man without a sound mind to be deceived by Crawford's unholy design to set the Indians on the Ohio against the Virginia settlers in the Mohongalo Valley. Enock O'Brine being Logans first friend carried Logan's talk in per- son to Dunmore, loudly denounces Crawfords set plans of 1774, to make it known that the militia was a traitorous body to the Virginia cause, and to all the settlers on these borders. November 20, 1777. With the war at hand and the great changes in the Virginia claims and the three Cortes past and gone and now the Yohogania and Monongalia Counties threatened to be set into Pennsylvania territory, the settlers have great cause to make complaint to the colony for redress. John Canon declares the war will prove favorable to the colonies and that every patriot will be free to exercise his own rights. This alone brings every settler forth in some measure to set British claims at an end. No peace of mind or general welfare can be attained while the Red Coats assail the col- onies. These boasted invaders do not dare to make their faces ap- pear among the Virginia settlers of the Mohongalo Valley, but com- pel us to fight them in their selected fields. Salt and lead ara fast disappearing, and bringing the settlers to great needs of driving Britain to terms of settlement. This day is set before us as a very need of calling on the Lord in common council for his direction and support. Yohogania County at this season is toil worn with war in the field and strife at home, made so by the pacifiers in Westmore land who direct the Indians to raid the territory west of the river while the settlers are abroad in the front lines of battle to clear the land of the British foe. November 23, 1777. Great Consternation is being felt in Au- gusta Town over the capture of Marmaduke Van Swerangen by the Turtle Clan of the Shawanes Indians at or near by the John Whetzel homestead close by the Delaware Indian trail from Middle Springs to Du Pratz Island. A number of persons trailed the Indians to the Ohio River, where the Indians with their captured prisoner escaped by swimming the river, and made their way to their village CHRISTOPHER HORN'S NOTES 49 on the Scioto River. Enoch O'Brine states that he is on friendly peace terms with these Indians, and will trail to their village to see if it is true that Marmaduke desires to become a member of their tribe. Much snow has fallen this month and the winter appears to be coming on in all its severity. Many settlers have great hardships, but comfort to some extent by the side of the fire place in our log house here at our homestead, "Baltimore" at the close of a long hard season is a gracious blessing that Jehovah hath given us. Some Indian trouble has been reported from the settlers on Little French Creek one David Brown a lad of War age, was found killed, and scalped near their old ferry landing on the river three days ago. Much trouble is expected from the Indians in the spring, and some care must be given to man the forts and hold all the French Indians from this region. December 1, 1777. Andrew Heath from his homestead by the side of the old Fort Queen Elisabeth, appeared at the Block-house on the 26th to recall the agreement Canon made to Jacob Horn on June 8th 1774. By same agreement John Connolly should lay no claims to the land at Fort Queen Elisabeth, nor at any point above the Forks, but not being set down for his claims below the Forks. This agreement Canon set against John Connolly on the 8 day of June 1774 by witness of John Gibson and self. Be it known that until this time no knowledge of any change in agreement by Connolly has been declared void by him or his next friend. February 1, 1779. The War being continued and the needs be- ing great, and the supply exhausted on the borders, with lead and iron in great demand, John Canon as usual with him, made plans to supply these needs, did come to us to consult with Abel McCul- lough, John, and self, about forming plans to work the old French Iron Claims at Teegarden's Point between the Creek, and Indian Peter's village, and there dig out and smelt the iron ore and make such material as is needed. He proposes to set a dam across Tin- gooqua Creek at the second bend of the south branch of Tingooqua Creek, and raise the surface of the water eleven feet at the dam, and dig a mill race across half moon bottom and build a forbey to carry the water on the same level as one foot above the top of the dam, whereby a twenty four foot fall can be had to power the overshot waterwheel to run the mill stone, the fan to feed the smelting fur- nace, and to operate the reducing ram. John Canon being a man of much money says that he makes the whole into one hundred shares of L 20 each, and that he will take fifty-five shares, and that nine 50 THE HORN PAPERS more of us must take five shares each, making in all one hundred shares — two thousand pounds of Virginia money made in shares to each man according to his lot signed for, and that Virginia will fur- nish the money to the whole, with each man made responsible for his own total amount, at the end of three years. Upon this agreement a meeting was called at the Indian Council Fire Stone, January 25, and every point made plain, John Canon and Abel McCullough be- ing made the officers, with this first business opened west of the Mountains, was named the McCullough Iron Smelter and War sup- ply Company. John Canon opened the Book with Fifty five shares at L20 each L 1100 C. Horn, with 6 shares at L20 each 120 John Horn, with 6 shares at L20 each 120 George Teegarden, 6 shares at L20 each 120 Abel McCullough, 6 shares at L20 each 120 John Heaton, 6 shares at L20 each 120 Richard Yeates, 8 shares at L20 each 160 John Watson, 6 shares at L20 each 120 Jacob Wiever, 6 shares at L20 each 120 Total L 2100 The total of L 2100 being set down and the name of each man with the name of his homestead and his holdings being signed to the book with his own hand, it was agreed that John Canon and Abel McCul- lough should go to Staunton at once and close the business, and re- turn with the money in hand, and that Canon be made responsible for all the money, and for all claims to be paid, also that he be made to manage all public accounts in favor of, and against the Smelter Company. The general work of building the dam, digging the mill race, building the mill, the smelter, the re-heating furnace and the building of the road to the iron pits and Char pits will begin on the tenth day of this month. It is agreed that sixty men will be put to labor on this work. John, and Abel McCullough, with the help of Abiga Hough, and E. McClain will build the Mill and set the large water wheel and build the log forbey leading the water from the mill race to the mill. It is made in agreement that all shall be made ready to fire the smelter on September 1st of this year, 1779. On this date John Gibson became a share holder of the Com- pany. John Canon sold him four shares at L30 each leaving Canon Fifty one shares. CHRISTOPHER HDRN'S NOTES 51 February 14, 1779. Much snow fell on this date, and all the men felled trees for the log dam near the place of the mill race. The logs for McCullough's Inn are ready for the raising on the bank of the Creek two days hence. The Augusta Town, and Razortown gents gave the word that they with Dave Shepard would bring the whiskey to McCullough for the big day and the raising, where upon Canon declared this was no law Court, or training day affair but all must labor hard, or he would pay no man his four shillings as agreed by all. John paced the length and width of the mill, and set his mark on all four corners, 28x44 feet on the ground floor, with two floors above. Bow- legs with One Eye killed two deer on this date by Gist-Eckerin ford on Tingooqua Creek, and Emmon Polke killed two deer at Cat Fish 2. at the same time. The deer are in great numbers. March 10, 1782. This day being set aside as Vandalia Day by order of Canon and Pentecost, whereby every settler far and near, did appear at Razortown for the knowledge of the plans set forth by Canon, and agreed upon by Pentecost, who in all his wisdom made a long and very strong talk to all the people of the three counties how Washington was not standing for Canon, but favored Hoge who in turn was the Westmoreland people's leader, and how by fraud the Penn leaders sought to steal the territory west of the Monongahela River for Pennsylvania which has been held by Vir- ginia for many years, even before the French set their claim upon it, and now the General Assembly has with Washington withdrawn all claim to this territory and by the Pending law, Pennsylvania will claim our homesteads, or people and force us to be loyal to their Dutch notions. Shall we see, said Pentecost those cowards our mas- ters, never, never. The line from the river to Turkey Foot must be destroyed, and so every man who attempts to set it up. A new county will be set up on this soil soon, but we can overthrow it since we are Virginian and not Quaker pious hypocrits, and can controll all the say as to the leaders. What say you all? Where upon the people gave long and loud consent to the plan to set aside both Colonies, and set up the new state of Vandalia. With Canon as Military governor. This being a righteous plan all the settlers including many Westmoreland people see the way to settle all the old boundry troubles, and leave both Virginia and Pennsylvania as being two of the thirteen Colonies whose authority ends on the eastern bounds of Vandalia. Neither the King or Parliament or the Continental Congress, said Canon have one word of Authority to direct us, we are beyond their Claims. We shall fight every attempted force to deprive us of our rights to set up our own state, free from every y 6 of ill. i 52 THE HORN PAPERS whim of Washington, and his parliament. Col. John Minor, the temporary leader said the Baltimore agreement gave Penns the right to establish the line full five degree, and no one knew just where that would end, probably to the Ohio, but Pentecost said, "We, not they, will set the end at the east bank of the Monongahela River, and make them see we are of the same mind, as when we furnished the men to fight, and end the two last Wars for the col- onies." This day has seen the end of the war but not the end of the Virginia trouble, for Washington County will be in Pennsylvania but the people in Washington County will be Virginia people or directly more determined Vandalia people, by their common rights. April 4, 1782. Indians from the Lakes and the Allgheny Country are on the War trail east of the river, and some have been killed in ambush on Blockhouse run where two white men were killed some days hence. Statlers Fort is a center of Indian attacks. First the Hurons made war on this Forte then the British did assail this place where by twenty-one British soldiers and nine of Archers gards did die by musket balls and from time to time the French- Indians have made war at the fort and along Little French Creek. No French-Indians have set their face on Indian Ridge, or at Camp Cat Fish, or on this side of Sam Jacksons fort but the old trouble with the French Bozarths on Eckerlin Creek, called White Clay Creek by them keeps the Lake Indians ever ready to massacre all the settlers as well as the Bozarths, for the French in Canada seek to end Colonial rule north of Little French Creek and west of the river, but the settlers are in full supplies to make war on the Indians, but small bands hide in the timbered hills and kill lone settlers on their homesteads. Neither Virginia or Westmoreland make assist- ance to the settlers for driving out these warriors that ever make trouble on the borders, but say a treaty only will make peace, leaving the settlers to band in force at forts and strongholds for their own safety. Canon declares that he will become the Assembly man from Washington County, and set up a war at Philadelphia in Penns own Colony whereby the settlers west of the river shall be set into the new state, and wage war on the French-Indians, and declare the settlers their own protectors, free from any laws set by the Colonies either in war or in peace. This being a just ending to a long bitter trouble that Virginia started in 1747. August 16, 1782. This day, we returned on the trail from Up- per Camp Cat Fish where we trailed to behold the ruin of Augusta Town, not having seen the place, or on the land since the Hannas- town Criminals did burn the whole village, the Corte house, gaol, stocks, and every log house but Richard Yeates planter home, and CHRISTOPHER HORN'S NOTES 53 Martin Hough's iron shop and forge. The desolation is so much, such as to make every Virginia settler want to destroy Hannastown on the morrow, but Canon declares the time is not ripe for the destruction of that wicked settlement, nor shall any of his loyal sup- porters burn Hannastown. He declares that he will commission the Indians to wipe out that village, and kill the leaders when the war is over, and they are of no use to us. The very truth is that Canon has a trade in with Logan and desires to keep us out of this righteous retribution for some purpose not made known but we all do know that most all the Penn. settlers are not now, or ever have been more than a body of long hair, big hatted set of loud talkers for freedom and peace, while these Virginia frontier settlers did the fighting that have wiped out the Red Coats wherever the Virginia soldiers fell upon them. The Virginia malitia has done more to drive the British into exile, and break down Georges rule than any body of Washing- ton's recruits yet Canon decrees the time is not ripe to set Virginia Authority over these Criminals who hath declared they are the rightful people to hold this old age Virginia soil. Augusta Town, where Gist, Father and the Frenchmen, with Tingooqua, Peter Chartier, Bowlegs, the Indian and Wessameking the Cat fish catcher, set up their camp in July 1751, when the French- men surveyed, and named Chartier Creek from Peter Chartier who paced it in measurement, is now all wiped out and all in dead ashes, and Yeates has made claim to the land, for no man did buy any homestead, for Yeates did set aside the land for the Village if Canon would make it the county town for Northwest Augusta County second to Staunton the County town in Augusta County proper. This Yeates and Canon and Resin Virgin did in July 1775, while the Corte was yet at Queen Elisabeth Fort. Augusta Town being the largest village west of the Mountains at the time it was burned, but unlike McCullough it has no smelter, but did have Houghs iron shop and forge, hide and fur House, two Inns, and two general goods store houses and about sixty log houses beside the Corte house gaol and two weaving loom houses. Only Richard Yeates and John Canon homes had an upper story and a stone chim- ney. They being gents of blue blood did make an ord that all other houses should be one storey high with a log chimney. We did find Jack Campbell's house Acey Van Swerangen's house only in part burned, but it doth appear that these houses had no habitation when the town was burned on the nite of June 12, the same year. Now that Augusta Town is no more, Joel Razortown's village will enlarge but will not be set as the County town. 54 THE HORN PAPERS Seven years time have gone by since Canon and Yeates deter- mined to set up their frontier border County town to oppose any movement at the Forks that John Gibson and William Crawford was now making, but these were bitter strenuous years for every settlers on these borders with the Indians never at rest by the French- men in Canada cause, and George's Red Coats we have had more fight than the boundary ever gave rise to the troubles that each settler have endured since the first settlers made their homes east of the river by Gists trade, before these same Virginia loyalists came to the Delaware lands on this side of the river in 1766. Augusta Town by Yeates and Canons plan in 75 was to make it a strong- hold where by no Penn people could homestead round about but even in 72 the Bedford settlers did make settlement on White Clay Creek, all against Canon's Ord sent forth, but not until this same year did they make bold to set up a homestead near Augusta Town and Razortown, for since George Wilson has declared that his territory is north, but not west of the line Westmoreland settlers have a right to settle in Yohogania County. This being treason by his own state- ment, and will not appear in person for he doth remember what we set down in terms on Georges Creek when we burned his Corte house, but spared his life against Canons orders, only to hear the Penn People make terms with this native born Virginia traitor. Canon was wise when he said to John, since you will not hang him, he like a snake, will bite you for having saved him for one more Penn Criminal for us to fight in the end. The Justies who made Augusta Town known from the Corte house to Williamsburg and Richmond, have lost much of their desire to aid Canon in his new plans and like Henry, and Lee, set up Washington as their leader who has joined with Penna people against Canon, after our every effort and our every shilling had been given to drive the British from this territory and the end is not at hand, for the British must be driven from the Colonies before Canon can make his plans to set his free Colony in our midst, but no man knoweth the end, for the day of peace and happiness that we did have at Snow Creek, was ended when we left the old long log house, where God gave His Blessing and Care to our home. In time when strife and warfare hath run its course, this Tingooqua, Country will become a goodly land because it is filled with every one of natures gifts for the requirement of the settlers habitation. Augusta Town was hated by every Westmoreland settler, just as Hannastown was so obnoxious to all the Virginia settlers and in truth both sides did make it appear that each were more in made in crime than the other, when in fact only the leaders on both CHRISTOPHER HORN'S NOTES 55 sides agitate the border trouble. To obtain some form of titleship to his homestead is the first thought of every settler from Little French Creek to Chartier Creek while Canon, Pentecost, and Cox, say that is second to the driving the Penn Claims back to Gist Rock on the crest of the Gist Ridge between the two east branches of the Mohongalo where Canon and Pentecost say that Penns rightful Claims ends by the survey made by Gist, Eckerlin and Fort in 1745 for the French by claims by Jaques Pointon that no Penn Claim was set up to territory beyond, before Gist and Eckerlands explored the land at the Forks in 1737. It is known no Virginian did make inquiry of the Country around the Forks before Sam and Buck Eckerland made claim to their rights to trade in furs with the Indians in the Ohio Valley beyond the mountains in 1731 the same year that Gist made his first trail to the Susquehanna for the French Fur Co. by Gist own statement the whole being one of the great hardships and did get but four Indian loads of fur whereby he turned to Eckerlins and Peter Chaffer to gain some knowledge of the lower French and Indian Country on La Belle waters of which Wa Ha Wag Lo and Oppehmolleh and their Delaware Indian tribe held claims which the French Claims over set. Gist stated in 1766, that he and James Riley did explore the Delaware lands and was at Middle Springs and here at Spirit Springs in 1736, but it was not until the next year in the month of June, that he and Buck Eckerland did set up their log fur houses on Eckerlin Run and farther to the north on Gist Run, the same being by Consent of the War Chief Wa Ha Wag Lo, in the domains of the Delawares. It was stated at Augusta Town in April 77 that Gist had never been to Upper Camp Cat Fish, but he who so made this claim was not yet born when he first trailed its site, and he set by this knowledge when he directed Father and Frenchmen by Con- sent of Tingooqua and Chartier to this same site in July 1751, and did survey and measure Chartier Creek by paces set by Peter Chartier. William Crawford made known that Gist never set foot on the soil in Tingooqua land until 1745 but Gist own statement at Snow Creek in 1762 did set Crawfords statement at naught, and by their own say they never made known the name of Gist until the General Assembly did made a commission to him for the Kings gift to his Councillors, to explore the land for the Royal Ohio Company in 1748. Thus do they argue but Canon declare the Penn people are without knowledge first, and without reason on all things set up by Virginians. It being only by personal meet and home cares that we have known Gist from 1745 to his death in 1769 and that Canon not Crawford is right in his say that Gist while a Virginian 56 THE HORN PAPERS never held with the Royal set, and when Governor Dinwiddie set George Washington above Gist, it was one that Gist never over looked but did on divers occasions save Washington from destruc- tion in the wilds because of his common knowledge of the frontier wilds but he never accepted pay from Washington, whom he looked upon a willful, determined boy grown fond of the wild fame made known by the fur traders and by his name he held opportunity to obtain his wishes. Gist being divided between his own disappoint- ment and Washington rashness but bold and fearless disposition remained his natural self and looked on without committing hisself to any Partisian disagreement between Washington and Trent. There is not a Virginia settler within the boundaries of the three late counties that has not had some hardships from both the War and from the hands of the Westmoreland invaders for the past fourteen years, and it appears that the old days of peace and plenty have been given over to a new age, when no settler can make his own homestead and his own rule free from all other border troubles, but by force, must declare thyself, and force the measures that must declare where thy feet stand. There is much talk of the new town which the Hoges have set up on Hoges Knob, and may be the main town if the Penn people get control of this territory west of the river but no man knoweth how long the border war will hold on, for Canon and Pentecost declare it must not abate until the yellow striped Westmoreland brigands have been pushed back over the mountains, but the Razortown settlers of the strong belief that if Virginia make terms with Pennsylvania on the boundary issue, we will be lost, and left to our own fate, which will be for us more war or become Penn settlers, which death seems more to our own liking than either of these measures, because the settlers have lent their every shilling, and many have become sorely wounded and afflicted while more than fifty bold and fearless patriots have been killed by British musket balls, while waste of time in War from our home- steads and our families no settler can rest until Georges Red Coats have given up the fight and left the country. Canon declared in open speech, at Augusta Town, on April 4, 1778 that ten of the border Virginia riflemen were worth all the long whiskered peace loving brethren from the Susquehanna to the Ohio in freeing the country of the foe, and bring the war to a close. It is said that there are some Bedford and Westmoreland who will fight boldly, but no Virginia soldier has ever seen one of them do so. The spirit that was set up against the Iron Act, and the King's Pine Tree Measure 30 years hence, have made Virginians able to withstand all the British bluster, such as no Bedford county peace brother could ever hope to do. AKquippa's Spring Near Christopher Horn's Cabin — Photographed in 1943 to CHRISTOPHER HORN'S NOTES 57 Pentecost declare that when the Virginians have finished the fighting that the Westmoreland people should put their sayings in common usage, and then all will have a long season of peace. The Augusta Town Court being set at Razortown for three days in September, 16 17 and 18 to finish the business of some land titles, and claim of L20 for claim by Yeates for Ohio prisoners in his gaol before it was burned, will give Canon and Pentecost much time to declare them- selves to the settlers, but Augusta Town is gone, Upper Camp Cat Fish will never be set up again, only scars mark the site of this first town west of the Mountains on the hill face at Upper Camp Cat Fish. 1785. After John Canon took father's Court from Camp Cat Fish on June 8th, 1774, to Heath log house, on the very next day, June 9th, 1774, He then, and there, set himself at the head of Virginia Rule in Old Augusta County, west of the Mountains, and being well advanced in the law of the Colony and an over power of influence of his Royal Uncle Dunmore, he determined to break down every movement of the Penn Ords in his territory and doubt- ing father's extreme desire to offset the West Moreland people, siezed the Court, and set it at Queen Elizabeth Fort with himself a Justie in Chancery, and surrounded himself with Virginia loyalists, but father lost all faith and hated Canon to his death, wishing daily he, had remained at Snow Creek. When Canon met with strong op- position at Heath's by his own friends and Common Justices he became a fox at bay, but well it was for him, for Richard Yeates Canons next friend proposed to found a new County Town at Upper Camp Cat Fish at the old Wessameking spring on the old Hunter lands, and he quietely joined Yeates and erected first, some log houses, and his home on this site, and when after a long bitter fight, about rank, and authority, in North west Augusta Co. lasting some days, Canon siezed the Court Records and Seal, set out for his home, in now, the new Augusta Town, at Upper Camp Cat Fish on the Yeates homestead, and opened the Court in his home on Sept. 19th, 1775 and made Ords to suit his Authority. Now the first Heath Court continued to dispense Justice until June, 1776 under Old Augusta County. In October 1775 John Canon, Yeates and Isaac Cox made agreement with Brother John Horn to build the Augusta Town Court House, and secured the . . . for John, to build the Pow- der House and the Patriots Store House for Gen. Washington, and with the common help of other men, did erect these, between that time, and May 20th, 1776. The wily Canon, seeing the Colony would not hold two Courts in this territory of Old Augusta Co. impressed the Burgess the needs of Creating the District of West Augusta, and 58 THE HORN PAPERS ' having cleared himself of any restraint, from the Royal Governor, who suddenly took to the hills of Scotland, he became the real leader for a time, and in November 1775 the General Assembly passed his Act and created The District of West Augusta with Augusta Town as the County-Town. The old Heath Court raised the question of Canon's authority to set up his Court, without Authority from any source, this was done in May, 1776, after the Augusta Court House had been made complete and Many Ords passed, so Canon decided to show his hand, and make a master stroke, so he, took Richard Yeates, and Isaac Cox, and went to old Ft. Dunmore, now Pitts- burgh, in June 1776, and placed Isaac Cox on the Justice Bench, and there, and then, Passed the famous Ords, Making Augusta Town the County Town that was already done, for the Ords were just as the Ords of Augusta Town Court of October, 75. and the Court House already built by Yeates and Canon, now was the County Court By same Ords, the old Heath Court was finished, as that Court was a continuation of father's Court, at Camp Cat Fish in 1773, and 1774, for Old Augusta County, and had no authority in the new District of West Augusta. The Justices were bitterly set back at Canon's move, but Canon having won his point invited them to join forces at Augusta Town, and most all did so, until the District at Washington's demand divided it into the three counties which only continued the old division, but this is now forever settled by the continuence of the Boundry Line and the setting of the Post and now Washington Co. Pennsylvania, not Virginia Courts will settle all disputes and deal out justice, now . . . forward. 1775. Canon's authority was feared at Hannastown, he said — "You build another Court House for Penn's interest, and we will hang every man who labors on it." This was Canon's way. No man ever admitted he was against Virginia Rule but Canon of all the Company, would not take their Word but often ordered them whip- ped to confession, but we grew to believe that Canon was more to be blamed than were many of the settlers, who cared little which Col- ony they lived in, but somewhat like old Dunmore, he never let us forget he was a bl,uebIe^LY irginian_ and was born to rule. The Court House was burned just North of the Mouth of Dunkard Creek West of the River on the Dillinger Claims in 1774. February 6, 1787. Being Clear and frosty I have made with the help of John and Jacob and John Hardtman, two fields clear of all trees and Indian bones which we finished burning the log heaps on this date. In all John, and Jacob say the number of Indians burned be set at six and one half thousand, since the clearing of Flint Top field was begun in 81 and four hundred beech and Oak trees were CHRISTOPHER HORN'S NOTES 59 cut and burned with them only the Lyn trees were burned to Char. Bowlegs declares that the Indians being burned make them safe from all their enemies, and all dead Indians at Flint Top are happy for they fight no enemy on the Happy Hunting Grounds because Great Spirit plenty land, plenty game for all Indians. No white man in Happy Hunting Ground. Evil Spirit make place for white men only Yist (Gist) and Yacob be in Bowlegs Happy wigwam and the Great spirit says they make Bowlegs friend and Tingooqua friend too, and Bowlegs and Yesameking catch many fish and wild turkey for Yist and Yacob. Bowlegs never say that I. C. Horn or any of us will ever go to his Happy Hunting Ground. John declares that he sees plenty of the old fox here since we come to the Blockhouse. Bowlegs hath made clear many things that father and Gist talked about at Snow Creek when I was a boy and Bowlegs known only to Christopher Gist. Bowlegs declare that Gist never steal, or make Indian furs his own, with Virginia tobacco, where upon the Indians catchum fish and wild turkey, and many grapes and blueberries but Bowlegs is growing old and sits by the Sugar tree above the Spring for long seasons, say no word to any one, then disappear from us with great stealth but nobody knows where he goes, or what to see, but no Lake Indian has ever come to the Blockhouse or to Aliquippa Spring, for Bowlegs seem to make them much affraid to come onto the North branch of Tingooqua Creek. He has killed many of them on the trail, but no word of it is made by him. Bowlegs great stone pipe is ever silent when on the trail, or hunting in the timber but his well made Turkey Foot pipe is known to every Indian and white settler in the County, and next to Long Tom is the few Indian peace pipes left of the White Rock stone destroyed in 74 the other being Gist pipe made of the pure white stone which the Indians set much value thereupon, but the White stone fade to brown, or blue when used or carried on the person for a time. This stone is not used in fireplaces, not being good in great heat like the sand-stone by Fish Pot and Cooked Run. White Rocks known as robbers den, as murderer cave, was directly on Gist trail from the river by Wa Ha Wag Lo camp to the old French-Indian Cave on upper Block-house Run, by which Gist set down as his own place of rest for self and the Virginia scribe for the Ohio people. Richard Lewis was the scribe who assisted Christopher Gist, from 1746, until 1753. In 1772, when the Camp Cat Fish boundary was in question, John Canon sent for this noted scribe to settle some point of Contention, and to make the map of the Court District, which he did at Camp Cat Fish in April 1772. 60 THE HORN PAPERS October 9, 1789. Baltimore Homestead, Washington County Penn. The death of Bowlegs on last day of the week, two days ago, makes all of us feel that the old days have gone, and all the new and great changes are strange to us. Bowlegs being the greatest and last of the 70 Delaware Indians of the great Delaware tribe that remained here on Indian Ridge after the destruction of this tribe here on this ground on September 17th and 18th 1748. Inl772 we found 64 of these peace Indians at Spirit Spring and at their Sacred Dance in September of the same year, with Bowlegs, Indian Peter and One Eye having authority and directing that no one but them- selves should enter the stockade or lay hands on anything that the White Chief claimed. Father selecting John Heaton, Abel Mc- Cullough and Abiga Hough solemnly made their appearance in the midst of the little band of Indians and presented to Bowlegs 10 pounds of Virginia tobacco and the same of salt, for them and they each made talk to the Indians by Bowlegs who could talk both English and Delaware. The Indians were very friendly when father declared that he was a friend of theirs because they were a great people, and that he had been a friend of Christopher Gist who gave them much Virginia Tobacco, salt, and 2 horses at Flint Top in 1747. He told the Indians that so long as Spirit Spring gave forth water, they would let the Indians have all they wanted. The Indians by order of Indian Peter, the Medicine Man who followed Oppahmol- leh, the Indians danced so rapid and so long that all fell, and appear- ed without life while these leaders smoked long and hard of the tobacco, then when they one and all stood up Peter gave each one his pipe full of tobacco. Some pipes held four times as much black leaf as others but all were equal happy, while Peter made safe all the rest to smoke while holding his daily musings with the Great Spirit and planning a return of great power to the Delaware tribe. They gave Bowlegs much tobacco, but told him to hide it while dark- ness was at hand. This pleased Bowlegs who declared they were like the Great Spirit, know much say little, and for several days Bowlegs enjoyed his smoke while the Indians gathered certain leaves and smoked them. This, Bowlegs never failed to remember, and in his more friendly moments of his last days, would exclaim — "Chief Yakob heaps smart man. Yist, he heap smart man, Yakob trail with him. Like Yist, like Yakob." Bowlegs made a stone pipe as the Delawares usually make them with stack and stem in one peace for Gist about 1746, which Gist carried, and frequently used when trail- ing with the Delaware chiefs but lost this pipe at Tingooquas Camp in 1769 some months before he died at Hay Stack Knoob, and Bow- legs by the powers of the great Spirit walked on this pipe again three CHRISTOPHER HORN'S NOTES 61 years hence, and great joy, with much feeling, he related that he made this stone pipe for C. Gist from stone he took from the much noted White Rocks at the Indian Cave near the banks of Tingooqua Creek above Flat Rock Crossing. Bowlegs gave me this pipe to lay beside his own, and the Delaware Peace pipe, he made for the tribe sometime before 1751, saying smoke them when Bowlegs with Great Spirit, but we who smoke at times, and use an Alder joint pipe, could never want a stone pipe. John declared the stone pipes, like Bowlegs, have passed from us, and should be remembered as great, only in their day, when the Indian, the French, and the English, each claimed all, far and near, and made war, then again smoked peace pipes. These pipes are now at rest, since Gist, father, and now Bowlegs, have all passed to the Great Spirit. With the passing of Bowlegs, many of the early day trail events will be lost to men for in this new age, the trails on these borders before the French and Indian war are now only here, and there remembered. The Eckerlins, Gist, Riley, Frazier, Chartier, Tingooqua, Wa Ha Wag Lo, Queen Aliquippa, Snow in Face, Oppaholleh, Indian Peter and now Bowlegs, all gone from this place, where I made my home in 76. will like the Camp Cat Fish Corte and Blockhouse soon pass to other generations and be forgotten by the people who shall follow after many changes have destroyed the life and ways of Colony during its brightest days, before the people become clamer- ous for war, and freedom, but what hath we gained. We drove out the rule of the King and Parliament, who blustered much, but never reach us, on these borders, and in their place set up a government that all Europe will fight to obtain controll of in the years to come. We lost in our rights to set up the new state of Vandalia. We are now in the persecuted corner of Penns Colony, we set up in good faith the first primative iron industry west of the mountains to make haste in the war, and through McCullough, we reached the strong- hold of the British, and one by one reduced them to surrender, and finally to freedom, all for what? Canon is correct in saying what is the difference in taxes, or where they go, if they are made against us, and the end is not here for it doth appear that Virginia and Pennsylvania leaders hath joined hands to reduce the settlers to slavery, and say what the homesteaders shall plan, and grow and then tax them for support of those who live in idle manners, and rule the toilers. This if continued will produce open rebellion in our very midst, and all wise men will prepare to meet the new trouble and overcome it by common force. Washington County has some traitors that have gone over to the Federal cause, but it is stated that in South Washington County there is not one settler who now will support Washington and his government except a few 62 THE HORN PAPERS who are seeking a place in his government and these too are in harmony with Pennsylvania whose border people are mainly hired criminals just as they were in 1773-74, when they set up their law courts on Virginia soil. Such might is not right, but in all truth, the law of justice has not prevailed since the French and English fought the Delaware Indian tribe, the only peaceful Indians in America were destroyed in 1748, to make room for white people who doth not remember, that as ye sow, so shall ye reap. Strife and disconten- tion shall follow the people all the days in this valley where only contentment should exist, because poluted with so much human blood sacrificed for worldly gain. If the French and Indians com- mit murder in these borders it is not due to the Delaware, because hatred between these are stronger than between former and the English, but the Delaware Indian tribe ceased in 1748 to be a power of contention and are only a weak tribe of Indians who are often charged with crimes they never committed while the guilty Indians escape back to their French protectors. The first whisky made on Crooked Run in 1767 was made by Samuel Jackson, Henry Jackson, Enock O'Brine and Jack Archer. It likewise was the place where the first Virginia water saw and stone mill set up west of the mountains. By consent of these men only, did set a dam on Crooked run, above the bend, and digged the mill race to the turn of the base of the hill and at wheel pit set two beech hollow logs to carry the water from the race to the 18 feet water wheel which did power both the saw mill on a 12 feet of log movement, and the stone which was set to grind the rye and Indian for the mash. Enock O'Brine declares that all did well but the Cayuga Indians on the trail became beggars and he did give them whisky in the fall season of 1768 and they became great beggars, and Samuel Jackson, the leader did set it down that no Indian could have the taste of whisky, or be allowed at the mill, and for a time all was well, but early in March a band of Indians headed by the Cayuga Chief, Al hi gu me, did come to Crooked Run and set fire on the mill in the darkness of early day, and did destroy the mill and the still-house and four casks of good whisky. The burned parts of the building left standing were still plain evidence last year, and the dam and mill race are still there the lower part of the great wheel is in place but no whisky has been made since the fire. 1795. After John Canon's traiterous dealings with father in June 74 directing father to have his Court turned over to Heath by False records from Williamsburgh We never liked to hold con- versation with him, but was often made to join forces with him until the War came on, and then most all felt that a change was at hand, CHRISTOPHER HORN'S NOTES 63 so that Canon in the end was against the town of Washington, would never make a home there stating in a public speech in Razortown that Washington was a traitor town, and that he would build him- self a town, where his word was the law and that Virginia Rights would not be slandered. His town of Canonsburg is now a small village, but appears to be well as a new settlement. No date. Hunter's Court House. Sometime about the first of May 1769, My Father, Jacob Horn who had been commissioned in October, 1768, to go to Camp Cat Fish 1 at Spirit Spring to build the Block House, and Stockade, and there open Court for that part of Augusta County west of the Monongahela River ex- tending to the Ohio River and north to supposed boundary line, did make the trip to Camp Cat Fish 1 and there in Council with Tin- gooqua, and Five of the Indian leaders who were Confirmed friends of Christopher Gist notified Jacob Horn that since he and Gist, were friends and both loyal to Tingooqua, that he must wait sometime, before making a settlement at Spirit Spring, as the Lake Indians were going to take the War Traihin June, 1769 and that Tingooqua did not know if he could council trie war bands, from the Indians Camps on Tingooqua Creek, and it be best to not build the Block House at the set time of March, 1769. At the same time in May 1769, there was some of Penn's sympathizers ready to make settlement near. The Hunters, Abra- ham, Joseph, and a Sister known as Martha, was permitted by an order to take homesteads of about one thousand acres in the Dist of Wessameking Run which was in violation of Virginia law, and the Hunters was bid to begone, as no Penn People could hold land where Tingooqua had assigned to Virginia the soil and the rights thereto but the same was surveyed late in the same year but so far the Hunt- ers never entered claim rights to this land, but sold their rights to a relative, one David Hoge of Shippensburg who after hearing of the Proclamation Notices posted on the trail that the head and body would be duly separated of any Cumberland County homesteaders holding land between the Monongahela River, and the Ohio River, south to the Mouth of Middle Island Creek so that Dave Hoge although sheriff, of Cumberland County, Pa. never laid more than mere claim to the Hunter homesteads until the Virginia rule became envolved in the War of the whole colonies, and in June 1779, gave to John Canon, and the Yohogania County Court, full permission to establish a pestilence Camp for the Indians who, were then hav- ing a severe season of Small pox and being on the trail the disease made it mandatory that this Camp should be made, a prison, for a time. This Camp was established on about 300 Acres of land surrounding Hoges Springs on the low lands, below, Hunters knob 64 THE HORN PAPERS and this Indian Camp was maintained until the Virginia Court ceased to hold Jourisdiction in the District of Yohogania County Sept. 18th, 1780, When the Razortown Court Ords were declared no longer Virginia Jourisdiction, and on this very same day, John Canon made clear, the long supposed trouble, and ending of Abra- ham Hunter, who twice made plans to burn the Augusta County Court House, the first time, when only half made, and the second time, when most of the Records were destroyed in July 1776. It was found by the Virginia Committee of Loyal Rights, that Abra- ham Hunter a hired criminal by the Cumberland Westmoreland authorities to set aside the Court of the District of West Augusta by violence, against all Royal Authority, that the one Abraham Hunter should be whipped nine strokes, between the hours of 9 and 12 Oclock in the Public yard at the Court House in Augusta Town, on the 24th day of July, 1776, thence to be placed in the Gaol to await further sentence, but sometime, between the hours of 6 Oclock P.M. on July 24, and 6 O'clock A.M. on July 25th the same Crimi- nal, Abraham Hunter, was hanged by a loyal party, of unnamed people, on the great Oak nearby, and thus the Court House, and the Oak became famous as Hunter's Court House, and Hunter's Oak. Gist days were ended just as John Canon began to gain control! of the region that he had trailed over, and over for more than 32 years. Gist and Canon were much alike in their nature make up but widely different in their ambitions to establish civilization and settlements in the Monogahela river valley, but if the present one sided page of misstatements are handed down to the future gener- ation, neither of these colonial leaders will be known for the great labors they performed in their day of the strong influence they wielded in this territory before the old age came to an end. Chris- topher Gist by his own hand decided the last eleven years of his life, became by choice an explorer of wider regions than in his former years, reaching as far west as the land of the Peorias, thence return- ed by Lakes to the Great Falls, and Huron trail reaching Snow Creek in October 1764, where he took meat and rest of 2 weeks before trailing to Baltimore settlement. John Horn, son of Christopher Horn, and grandson of Judge Jacob Horn, was born at Snow Creek, Virginia, July 11, 1767. Married first Catherine Watson in 1791, and in 1839 married Polly Shape. He had seven sons and three daughters by his first wife, and four daughters and three sons by his second wife. John Horn lived on the same homestead from 1809 to 1856, that his father homesteaded in 1775, and settled upon in 1776 when this son was nine years of age. John Horn died at his home in West Bethlehem Township, September 6, 1856. He was buried in the Horn's cemetery at the Horn's Church in West Bethlehem Township, Washington County, Pa. Ill DIARY OF JOHN HORN THE ELDER Snow Creek, Virginia, September 1768. I John Horn, eldest son of Jacob and Duschea Horn was born in June 1743 and married Sarah Gardner and am a native Virginian, a freeman, and able to deny the acts of the King and Parliament when the same are directed against the settlers of the Colony. Be it known by each settler on Snow Creek that the distress against the settlers has not abated since the close of the war three years hence but these frontier bor- ders have never been subdued by the threats of the King and Colony. It is stated by Gist and Canon that the war will reopen in the East- ern settlements but they say too the French are not willing by any chance to renew the war. No one makes much talk of a war because of Grenvil's acts and tax claims. He is in Britian and we are in the remote settlement of the Royal Colony and our interests are in these regions. The old iron law and the pine tree measure are remem- bered with much hatred and defiance by every settler and so be it with Grenvil's tax law by our every means of evasion. This I de- clare the voice of each settler known to us from Snow Creek to Salem Post. Christopher Gist by his longtime knowledge of the frontier regions did make it known here on his late trail to his old home on the Yadkin this same season that no man seeth the end of these many villinous liberties by his royal hand and seal. The mill for the first time is set in the Colony's tax law record but so made by father's own hand by wish of both Gist and John Canon who hath found it agreeable to gain Dunmore's consent to set father as Justie in the new Corte in the Delaware Indian lands where they have long made peace with these same Indians not killed in 1748. McCul- lough, Wiever and Gibson with Gist and father made their way to this same camp last season and all do say many Virginians do now hold their claimed homesteads in the same nearby territory. December 4th, 1768. By agreement made between father and mother and James McCullough, the father of Abel, Samuel, John, Richard William — he is to take lawful controll of the home and mill for two years at 10 pounds per year and keep of same. Much talk by many of the settlers of trailing to North West Augusta is now declared to be their choice, since Gist say it is a rich country. January 1769. By Colonial decree and will of Dunmore John Canon says the change to Camp Catfish shall await the Governor's Ords to trail to there. Being by statement that the Lake Indians are 66 THE HORN PAPERS planning to make war in Tingooqua's land. By this Ord the home- life at the mill is now continued to be the same as in past seasons. March 21, 1769. The plan made by Gist and John Canon on this day for trailing to Tingooqua's camp on their return from Williamsburgh early in April was agreed to by father, Wiever and Abel McCullough. Time of trailing North set to be April 10th being agreeable to all. The furnice not being in use for two years hence it was agreed by all present that Frenier be given the right to mine iron ore and smelt the same. This being the first iron smelt- ed in Western Virginia, no record being made of it until this same year, but was set up in 1750 by father, Jacob Yardly and John Lewis as home needs for the colonists in place of Britian iron as decreed by the King and Parliament. No royal decree was ever made against its use. Every colonial man in authority was not adverse . . . June 16th, 1774. The marking of the end of the Camp Catfish Corte on the 8th day hence is now known to the South and West boundry of the corte district. Is known to be for reasons set against Westmoreland fight to control the territory in the Monongahela Valley. The Virginia legal corte at Fort Queen Elizabeth makes Canon and Cox face to face with Bill Crawford's agreed list of mediators appointed by Dunmore to set bounds to Bedford County claims for Penn's Colony. It is well that Canon is led by his desire to set Westmoreland claims at an end, and takes all the fight on him- self which the Hannastown free-booters charges to John Connolly but George Wilson has felt the hand of fate and keeps beyond Canon's reach, while a hireling for the Philadelphia leaders. June 17th, 1774. Every settler to the South has his eyes set for the Cayuga Seneca Indians who are known to be in small bands in the South part of the territory. Bowlegs declare they will not cross North Tingooqua Creek. October 21, 1774. By agreement of Canon and Cox, Edward Ward and the Royal Governor's appointed Justice, be made a part of the Queene Elizabeth Corte on and after the first of the year 1775. The same to be set for Fort Queene Elizabeth Corte but John Connolly being a commissioner of Dunmore he is made a part of said corte on all such matters not made a part of the old Ohio Company land claims or of Dunmore's rights thereto. Canon declares Connol- ly's place be at the Forks and not in the Corte district but by common consent it makes the Westmoreland Corte in a state of defense by the Governor's plan to set up a strong corte by . . . power of Hanna and Bill Crawford with George Wilson say will be able to hold Connolly on complaint set against him. Canon declares the Royal Governor's plan will overthrow the Northwest Augusta Corte in the end since DIARY OF JOHN HORN THE ELDER 67 the end of Connolly must be as declared in agreement made with John Gibson Esq. by Canon on June 8th 1774. By Connolly say he agrees to be set in trail before Hanna in the month of April next but by Canon and Cox's say Hanna will be set at naught by the authority of the Virginia Militia. Then Connolly be forced to re- sign as being a traitor to Virginia for agreeing to be tried in Hanna's unlawful Corte set up on Virginia soil against the Royal Governor's orders that all lands West of the Youiogny is Virginia land as de- clared by Gist in 1766. By Canon's determination . . . Connolly along with Hanna .... October 26,1774. The demand made by Samuel Jackson and Robert Morris for 30 pounds each for keep at forts of Virginia Loyal subjects against Indians be directed to Fort Queen Elizabeth Corte as the rightful corte set up by Canon on June 9th. The Cat- fish Corte being set therein on the same date and do now make all Ords and pay all claims set against Northwest Augusta County. Jacob Wiever desire to make his tomahawk mark to reach from small run above Spirit Spring to larger run above, called by father French run, is aggreable to Canon. McCullough's land affixed to the land next to the Council Stone, called Fish Stone, is set up in claim by him, and his spring near his log house be separated by a line from Catfish Run to Tingooqua's home by a margin of ten paces, leaving the Camp Catfish Corte lands, as the home lands of Jacob Horn, as stated by the Virginia Commissioner lying between the said claims of McCullough and Wiever as approved by Canon and Isaac Cox. Jacob Horn, by agreement, is made the controller of the said Indian Spirit Spring and of Catfish run from McCullough's spring outlet up through the falls to McCullough's land, in the trail forty-five East of North from Blockhouse trail at Catfish run to East Indian ridge trail. The land on the low divide of land above McCullough's house being about five acres cleared last year and planted by Hardt- man Horn to corn, is by consent to be Hardtman's land for four years. Be it known that all in agreement set in order their names that the French Lead Plate planted in good faith by the French at the crossing of the run by the Delaware Indian branch trail is to be untouched by the hand of man at this late date or by our children's children. (signed) Jacob Horn Jacob Wiever Sen. Abel McCullough John Gibson John Waston John Heaton Abiga Hough IV JOHN HORN'S DAY BOOK— 1782-1818 "Our first fort, called Jacob Horn's Block House (log house flattened on two sides) was begun about 20th of March, 1772. This was the first house in North-West Augusta County, four years be- fore Augusta was divided into West Augusta or District of West Augusta, and three years before the Post was established North- West of town, before Washington County was separated from our old Colony of Virginia. Jacob Horn's Block-House was 23 feet wide by 34 feet long, by 11^ feet high with a look-out 10 ft. x 12 ft. square by 8 ft. high on South-west end of the house with four Port holes on each of the four sides and a light hole in each of the two ends next to the roof. The lower part was 7^ ft. high and the top camp room was four feet at sides, and man high in center. Two windows three logs high, (about 3^ x 4 ft.) were made in each side of the house, but none in the farther end. The main end had a big door, (4 ft. wide 7 feet high) and two windows (small ones) in the camp room. Uncle John and father made the iron hinges and lock bars, and iron-pins (nails) at Snow Creek two years before grandfather was ordered to build the new Court house Ord fort on lower Cat Fish Run, the head waters of Cat-Fish Creek branch of North Ten Mile Creek this side of the divide, from North-west, Cat Fish Run where the new settlers their made camp, Augusta Town. Court was ordered to be held at Jacob Horn's Block House in Sept. 1773, and Convened on the 6th of September and lasted 8 days, then adjourned to meet the first Monday in June, 1774, and continued three days, then adjourned. Whereas the Corte was taken to Heath, thence back to Augusta Town where it remained until Washington Co. elected the town as the place of holding Court. Christopher Gist, (whom my father Christopher Horn was named after) and my grandfather, Jacob Horn, surveyed a tract around the head of Cat Fish Run and along Tingooqua . . . the same year I was born, and marked the site for the Block House which Burgess had ordered and was to be built in 1769. Lake Indians went on the war path, and the General Assembly withheld the Commission until 1771, when Jacob Horn was given the Commission to proceed with the Ords in March, 1772. Being notified of Ords by Gist from Williamsburgh, Old Tingooqua had a camp near where we built the Block House, but was friendly and his braves gave us fish from the Monongahela River. DIARY OF JOHN HORN THE ELDER 69 Col. William Wallace's Mill was built on another one of Tin- gooqua's campsites, on North Tenmile Creek Camp Cat Fish 2. Cat Fish Run, or Hunter's Creek, was the old Indian trail from West Augusta Town, down the river to Ft. Bird. Now Ft. Browns- ville crossing the River at Teegarden's Ferry. On Chartier's Creek, or Gabby's Run, there are the remains of the powder quarters es- tablished by General Washington in 1775 and near there stood the Court House of Augusta Town where court was held when we left the Block House in 1776. Hardtman Horn planted some Indian Corn, an acre or more, in 1773, near the run, below the old trail, and that was the first corn ever grown in Washington County, and Daniel and Dave grew the first wheat in Washington County on their father's homestead in 1779, but grew rye in 1777. Father and Uncle John sent to James River, and each got twenty apple trees, and planted them. All are doing well, these first seven trees, above the fence are now, Feb. 11th, 1812, sound, and bearing good fruit after 32 years. For some years these were the first apples ever grown in the County. Dutch Ann Horn died at the old Block House in July 1772, and my grandmother Dutchie died only a month later, both being burried 100 paces below the Block House, 20 paces back, and 20 paces above the walled Spirit Spring, the same being almost due South-west. 1785. Uncle John and Hardtman by mother's wishes planted flax on the hillside field across from the Mill in 1761 and it was of good length and was said to be the first flax to be taxed in the settlement. John, after McCullough's pattern, made Mother the small wheel to spin this same flax, some of which Gist took to Wil- liamsburg in 62. John and family have this old wheel in the home in Armwell Town at this time, but have a larger one they use. Dan made the new wheel, like unto the one Elizabeth uses. 1809. Uncle John came up to see father, and they talked much of the old days on Snow Creek, and of Mother and Sister Ann's last days, and father is not like he was with the shakes, but cast down in health. 1811. Uncle John Horn with self measured site of Creek for the Mill at Tingooqua's Middle Camp in March 1791 and in May did then and there lay the stone for the walls of the mill, but in June water overtook us. In September water became low, and by October the walls and roof were made done, and we labored most of the days until the wheel's burr-stones were set, and about the last of April we built the great wheel to power the Mill. This wheel turned 70 THE HORN PAPERS backward by the water from under half, in place of water on over- head as like one at Snow Creek. John made it so to meet the water high mark. The mill first worked on May 10th, 1792, and has made continuous since that time. 1812. Uncle Hardtman's death last month (Jan. 16th, 1811) left Elizabeth some good wheat to be made up, so Martin tells me. Elizabeth's health is good but feels alone now, and keeps much in the home. 1813. Daniel set out for the Lake Boat shop on Era last fall, and has not yet come home. Daniel is like his grandfather, not long in the same place but the days we were boys at the Block House made us many days of exploring the places all new to us. Daniel will surely push west into the Indian Country. 1817. Tingooqua Creek, the site of, after old Chief Tingooqua who made father and Chritopher Gist his main host in 1760, at the same place we put up the Mill up in 1791-92 is not frequently made mention of now at this late date. Tenmile came to be the same, shortly after we came to the Block House in 72, but not generally so until after the close of the War, and Washington Co. and the Line put us into Penn's Colony. Tingooqua Creek Mill, Cat Fish 2 cut on the big face stone by Uncle John before he set it in the wall, and is still so named there, but North Ten Mile Creek Mill is now known to all. 1818. The last family meeting of the three Horn Brothers, and all the family of each was at John's home in Amwell Township on Christmas Day in 1807. When in all thirty-five met to see John and family and eat of the Wild Turkey at his board, after awaiting upon the Lord in Grace. All made a time of the event, and a great day of it. Sarrah used the great Pewter plate, that grandmother brought to Snow Creek in 1736. The snow, made the day one long happy fireside visit, and old and young have never forgotten the Christmas at Uncle John Horn's in 1807. COURT RECORD, APRIL 1772 Camp Cat Fish Corte House built as directed in size and man- ner as set down by Alexander Block of Williamsburgh and set forth by the Commissioners September 11, 1768. By Offis Of Justie Jacob Horn — Justie In Chancery John Canon Esq. — The King and Colony's Council and Corte director for Camp Cat Fish Corte — Spirit Spring. Book One (1) By Corte Ord — all Corte records — Corte Ords — Corte esti- mates — and all records set in Corte books be set forth in English print — no record be written in Dutch or French writing in said records by demand of John Canon councilor. C. Horn Clk. (2) Camp Cat Fish Corte an Block House Stockade as set forth and now made ready as directed, being — a Block House made of one half hewn logs 23 feet by 34 and 1 \\ feet high to top of side walls and man high in centre, with a lookout 10 by 12 feet on Southwest end — roof of one third run — the lower story being 8 and one part feet high with a petition running lengthwise in centre — having a petition crosswise 19 feet from front wall line — two doors and windows as may be agreed upon — the same being six, each two logs high, with 12 glass set to each window — the doors having logue bars and nibs well pinned — the chimney made of logs above the log fire- place — set by fire stones — the Block House being set round about by stockade 50 by 70 feet. All being now done this 28th April 1772 as commanded by Rese and Canon. C. Horn Clk. (3) Camp Cat Fish Corte— April 4th, 1772 Opened by John Canon by and for the King and Colony for Northwest Augusta County, Colony of Virginia, and for all subjects herein. All Virginia Ords being made known at this time by John Canon, the General Assembly the King and Colony's Commissioner, he now declares Jacob Horn on his oath to take the Camp Cat Fish Corte — Spirit Spring — and make Ord I known to all ye settlers now known as Gist Frontier Settlers being loyal to the King and Colony — and a warning to all Bedford County to be removed from Vir- ginia soil on penalty of death — if found by the Sheriff after Sep- tember 1st this same year — the Corte now sets up his own Ords for An p FL v Z k &» U / B J&* r * A ° e A/ /el Fv #T)r- AND NOW MADE X F. ooy jf 1 AE £ T£/>. —73 B T 7V &. A di a * It UeU& 7*A D£ of OWR H*Lf He. WN A BlOZjK " eV -/~ jrrrSr AND UAH omHBHAit ugf nm r*i**tj u r*A * WALL JU NO i»J Y/?i f">*'Y * etNe vm ""' THE lo en/ J .•„„,»* yrri ****** ?SJj%iw"x*r» ****** HAv2*r.fAfejy>° T % //l 7i z Ant:- two oo *£.*£%„ e y*~<'*e4*>*y*« J£Z To **?$J"J/i%MHD NAB? W£l* , /*avi»* L*gu* fi'tfJZ, „UeofLo 2 j> Facsimile of First Page of Court Docket COURT RECORD 73 the Cat Fish Corte and the order of the Ords of the Justie in Chan- cery, by C. Horn Clk. (4) Camp Cat Fish Corte Notis of Appointe of Sheriff and Clk. of said Camp Cat Fish Corte and County — be made from settlers agreement of any persons set forth by a petition to the Corte on or before April 10th, 1772, at which time the Corte will set in hearing of claims for appointment of said sheriff and said Clk. and recorder. Camp Cat Fish this 24th day of March 1772. Jacob Horn, Justie (5) Camp Corte Spirit Spring April 5th, 1772. The Justie in Chancery by his authority and his first duty did bring into the Corte all the members of the home and camp, with the ten Indians now here in camp above the Fish Stone — and made known all his mandidates and his admonitions and set the days and hours for the Corte to open and close — with no personal distraction from the King and Colony's business. The Corte by Canons Council, made Bowlegs acquainted with Virginia's Ords and set Bowlegs as his chief of the Camp members of the Delawares — he by his long trailing with the white men, is made the Camp Cat Fish Corte advice man of his tribe — and of the savage Indians. The Corte now set the 10th day next as Corte Day — by agreement, for the appointment of a Sheriff. By C. Horn Clk. (6) Camp Cat Fish called Corte at 7 on the morning April 10th, By agreement of the settlers one Augustine Dillinger was the polled elector for approval of the Corte's Sheriff of Northwest Augusta County — but the said Augustine Dillinger by agreement came into Corte and did set his objections as ten — why he was not able to make claims to the settlers petition — and ask the Corte to name another man as Sheriff — whereupon the Corte set the seal of Sheriff on Dan- iel Moredock, with the name of John Horn as the assist, for one year. Being agreed, the Colony tax set for the year 1773, be not made before the poll set for the same even tener. No tax propor- tioner or no tax receiver — before the middle of the year 1773. Complaint being made by two settlers Conrad Sycks and Jere- miah Glasgow — two loyal Virginia homsteaders living on the two sides of Eckerlin Creek, now called White Clay Creek, that one Elizabeth Bozarth, known as Experience Bozarth, the French Commissioner's widow, did destroy by fire the bridge built across the aforesaid Creek, because the French in Quebec have conspired to drive out all the English homesteaders from these frontier bor- ders. The Corte signed the complaint and set the 4th day of June 74 THE HORN PAPERS 1772 for the trial of Sycks and Glasgow against Elizabeth Bozarth for race hatred and destruction of property on Virginia soil, in Northwest Augusta County, Colony of Virginia. The Corte charg- ed the duly sworn Sheriff to bring the said Elizabeth Bozarth into the Camp Cat Fish Corte at the hour of eight A.M. June 4th, 1772, by ye Ord of this Corte without fail. C. Horn Clk. Jacob Horn — Justie in Chancery (8) Camp Cat Fish Corte April 11, 1772. By authority of the General Assembly of the Royal Colony of Virginia the Camp Cat Fish Corte make known to all ye settlers the Camp Cat Fish Corte set up as a part of the Corte by — in — and for — Augusta County — for Northwest Augusta by the Ord of Septem- ber 1 1th, 1768 by the hand and seal of the Royal Govenor, by John Canon his nephew and private councilor — I, Jacob Horn duly com- missioned and sworn as Justie of the said Corte do now this day — April 11th, 1772, declare the acts of the Genearal Assembly to be now and henceforth the same in and for this territory — now there- fore I, Jacob Horn, make Corte Ord I — to be in full power on and after June 1st, 1772. (9) Ord I — Be it known that the Cat Fish Corte do make Ord I this day, for the first day of June 1772 to all settlers within Northwest Augusta County that all laws decreed by the King and Colony are set down in Ord I by Ord of the Commissioners at Williamsburgh C. Horn Clk. and Recorder Jacob Horn Justie Ord I made to Sheriff on this 25th day of April 1772. C. Horn Clk. The sheriff made full returns of his post notice on April 20th. C.Horn Clk. (10) April 21st, 1772 — Camp Cat Fish Corte opened at 7 A.M. to hear complaint of James Mclntyre against Nate O'Brine for keep- ing his milk goats in stockade for three days and claiming the goats as wild animals, feeding along Tingooqua Creek. The Corte made the said Nate deliver the goats to his neighbor within two hours — or the Corte would make Ord to the Sheriff to lay 12 lashes on the said Nate O'Brine at 4 P.M. this day. The Corte set the cost at two shillings to be paid the next day without fail — on penalty of twenty lashes. The sheriff being at Staunton, by Ord of the Corte the assist. John Horn, made the returns to the Corte on the 22nd, that the goats was in peaceful possession of James Mclntyre and the two shillings was in the possession of the Clk. of the Corte. C. Horn Clk. Jacob Horn, Justie (11) Dismissed April 22nd at 10 A.M. COURT RECORD 75 Camp Cat Fish Corte May 1st, 1772. By authority and demand of John Canon the Camp Cat Fish Corte now makes the decree that no Bedford County people are by any agreement made after this date — be allowed to homestead any land West of the Mohongalo River, from the Lakes to the Green- brier, on pain of being executed, quartered and burned. Any Vir- ginia settler giving assistance or comfort to any Bedford County settler will be made to pay the same full penalty of the law now set down by Canon in the Mohongalo Valley West of said River. Not- ice of warning will be posted in each settlement by Daniel Moredock Sen. Sheriff, by Ord of the Corte. C. Horn Clk. Jacob Horn, Justie Sheriff return to be made in ten days. (12) Camp Cat Fish Corte held May 10th, 1772. By Ord six of the corte the sheriff is now directed to collect the sum of five pounds from George Teegarden at Teegarden Ferry — on the Mohongalo River — in the name of the Royal Colony — as made in agreement on June 1st, 1767 — the sheriff now makes his returns to the Corte and same is accepted by the Corte — and Ord made to place the same in the Corte record book II — pages 22-23. By complaint made by Samuel Jackson for redress in loss by fire set by the Indians and destruction of his whisky house and water saw mill — built on Crooked Run — by Iron Point in 1767 and burned in February 1769, the Corte called Bowlegs and made much inquiry — who and why — the Indians did burn Jacksons home Bow- legs declare. The Delawares did not set the fire. It was some Cayuga Indians who Jackson at first gave whiskey for furs. Then denied them whiskey when they had no more furs for him. ( 13 ) The Corte having no authority over the Cayuga Tribe of In- dians now dismiss the complaint but set the cost of 10 shillings on the Colony, by reasonable conclusion of Samuel Jackson loss and his service rendered to the settlers in Tingooqua Creek Valley, and at Fort Morris. The Court now set the term of the next court to open on June 4th as set for trial of Elizabeth Bozarth. Having no furth- er business of the King or Colony — before the court — the Court now adjourns at 4 P.M. May 11, 1772. C. Horn Clk. Jacob Horn, Justie ( 14) Camp Cat Fish Corte cases entere for redress at June term of Corte 1772. I Conrad Sycks and Jeremiah Glasgow against Bozarth. II Thomas Huges against Robert Morris. Cost of two slaves. 76 THE HORN PAPERS III Sale claim to be made in a witness contract by and between Conrad Sycks and one "Parson" John Corbley. IV Petition for a road from the Delaware Fire Council Stone to Teegarden's Ferry — By George and David Teegarden. V Claims against George Brown for ferry rights. VI Claims against the Colony of Virginia — By Thomas and Nate Gist — William Harrod — George Wilson and John Ackford. (Dis- missed by Ord of John Canon, June 4, 1772.) C. Horn Clk. and recorder (15) Camp Cat Fish Cort opened at 7 A.M. June 4, 1772 as set down in agreement with John Canon — the Corte and County Council, many witnesses being present to make testimony. The Cort set each hearing for its own two hours of hearing as Canon demanded. Hearing I — Having been set by agreement for June 4, the Cort called the complainants to make known all the facts in the cause of complaint which in no way did prove the charge made against the said Elizabeth Bozarth. For want of testimony on the part of the complainants that she caused the destruction of the bridge — in person — or by any authority given to any person — the Corte — on the plea of the Council did dismiss the charge of com- plaint and made the Ord that the said complainants pay charges of five pounds ten shillings on this day or seven pounds on the 5th day next. Complaint dismissed. C. Horn Clk. Jacob Horn, Justie (16) The complainant by choice pays one pound ten shillings in French gold and is made settled in full. John Canon, Council C. Horn Clk. Book III Contains all testimony. (17) Complainant II The agreement by and between Thomas Hughes and Robert Morris two lawful slave traders being in disagreement of two slaves do now agree to pay each his ten shillings and be dismissed. C. Horn Clk. Jacob Horn, Justie Received twenty shillings from Thomas Hughes this 4th day of June 1772. (18) No. Ill Peace Agreement. An agreement made by Conrad Sycks and one Parson John Corbley on April 10th, 1770, the said Conrad Sycks did trade his tomahawked rights to his 274 acres of land on the North Shore of White Clay Creek — with all his rights — his good will and peace of life to the said John Corbley for the sum of 36 pounds — and six live goats. All his own free property from Staunton, Colony of Virginia. The said parties ask con- COURT RECORD 77 firmation of this agreement by the Camp Cat Fish Corte. The Corte made each state under oath their agreement and on payment of 10 shillings made Ord that this first land title made by Ord of this Corte be set in the Cort records — payment being made this 4th day of June, 1772. The same is set down in Book III. C. Horn Clk. Jacob Horn, Justie J. Canon, Council (19) IV Road Petition by George Teegarden. No Ord being made on this day the petition of Teegarden — Hupp and John Gibson being on record — the Corte set the 4th day of September 1772 as the day of hearing and directs the Sheriff to direct the petitioners to make a chart of trail between Tingooqua Creek and Base of Hill from Teegarden's Ferry — to Teegarden's Point — at the Delaware's Council Stone — and place the same in the hand of the clerk on or be- fore the 20th day of August 1772. C. Horn Clk. June 4, 1772 (20) Camp Cat Fish Corte — Colony Against George Brown — Brown Brown's Ferry. In agreement made between the Colony of Virginia and George Brown at the request of Christopher Gist, on the 9th day of March 1762, George Brown did agree to build and maintain a ferry — of one boat of 44 x 12 feet — for passage on Gist French Trail, and pay Virginia a tax of five pounds each year. No tax being paid after 1766, the Corte being directed to make claims and receive 30 pounds sterling in the name of the Colony, the Sheriff being directed to claim the same on or before this date, or bring the one George Brown into Corte at his peril. The said Daniel Moredock, Sheriff, by reason of the need of the ferry received 17 pounds in gold and a Virginia warrant for 13 pounds. Being settled in full the com- mandment is now dismissed. C. Horn Clk. Jacob Horn, Justie (21) Camp Cat Fish Corte called in open session at 7 A.M. the sev- eral requests made known and review by the Corte and Council — and all other Corte business having been ended. The Camp Cat Fish Corte ended the first session and adjourned at 12 A.M. June 5th, 1772. C. Horn Clk. Jacob Horn, Justie ( 22 ) Camp Cat Fish Corte Spirit Spring, June 24, 1772. By his own request — for reasons set forth — Daniel Moredock Sen. now makes his plea for his withdrawal as sheriff of North West Augusta County and the Corte Executioner. He makes the statement that he with four settlers beyond Tingooqua South Creek and his brother on the 78 THE HORN PAPERS Grenbrier River, have desire to make Fort and settlement 25 miles south of the Falls in the Ohio River. On this fact, being made known, the Corte do now agree to take the name of the said Daniel Moredock from the Corte record, as sheriff, without malace ( ?) or demerit left from said Corte record. Being an able sheriff — a well known settler — and versed in all Gist settlers — makes known his recommend to the Corte — that his assist. — John Horn — be set in as sheriff of the Corte and North West Augusta County — by the Corte on this same day. The Corte not being advised by the Council- or of the Virginia Acts of Law do await until the 28th of this same month to make choice of sheriff and a tax apportioner — as made known by the Royal Governor by John Canon in person. C. Horn, Clk. and recorder— June 24th, 1772. (25) (26) Camp Cat Fish Corte June 28. By agreement made on June 24th the appointment of sheriff and a tax apportioner of house possessions — be made on this day of June 28th. Twenty settlers present. Daniel Moredock now sets forth his plans and names John Horn to be sheriff — and C. Horn tax apportioner, and asks for the approval of all settlers. All settlers present say ay — ay — ay. John Canon council for Corte and County declare the Corte have the courts rights to name John Horn the Legal Sheriff for such time as may be made known to the Colony. But by agreement no settlers household tax be made returnable before June 1, and not later than September 1, 1773. No tax apportioner be made named in person on this date. John Horn being duly appointed sheriff and sworn to carry all Ords in the name of the King and the Colony — to their end — now declare his full intentions to maintain Virginia Law and Virginia Rights on Virginia soil. John Canon now declared the Camp Cat Fish Corte to be set in the record in like manner. Camp Cat Fish Cort Spirit Spring Northwest Augusta — Colony of Virginia. (27) Jacob Horn, Justie in Chancery John Canon, Esq. King and Colony Councilor John Horn, Sheriff C. Horn, Clk. and Recorder James Carmichaels George Teegarden Daniel Ryerson County Committee C. Horn, Clk. and Recorder ( 28 ) COURT RECORD 79 Names Of Settlers Recorded At Camp Cat Fish Cort in June 1772 Richard Wise John Carr John Canon Daniel Moredock Morgan Morgan David Morgan Ellis Bailey George Moredock Conrad Sycks Jack Morris Enos Rosebery Georg Ackford John Corbley Conrad Sycks Augustine Dillinger Jacob Clarstow William Harod Daniel Moredock Jr Georg Brown Samiel Bozarth Jacob Dyce Simon Moore Georg Ely John Hargus Enoch Day James Burson Isaac Cox James Rush Edward Doughty Jacob Casteel Georg Haver Edward Scott John Frazier Thomas Gist Nate Gist Jeremiah Glasgow Jacob Clarstow Elizabeth Bozarth Thomas Huges John Gibson William Crawford John Minor Samuel Jackson Georg Teegarden Georg Hupp Michael Cresap Georg Chrogan George Newland Edward Ward Joseph Morris Enoch O'Brine Michael Jones Jackson Henderson George Campbell James Carmichaels Daniel Ryerson John Heaton George Hill The said George Teegarden James Carmichaels Daniel Ryerson County Committee (23) (24) Camp Cat Fish Corte Ord Proposed Out of Cort by John Canon. Be it set down in the Corte Records for Northwest Augusta County Colony of Virginia, that the site of and plan of Camp Cat Fish Cort Block House, on Cat Fish Run, set up by the recommend of Christopher Gist and Patrick Henry be made a Cort Ord — and the same entered in Cort record book I — for Camp Cat Fish Corte — for all claims of Bedford County to this territory are illegal and treason, to the King and Colony — therefore — the first Corte west of Penns rightful claims and of Augusta County Proper be described and recorded in full claims to all rights and Ords made in this terri- tory after April 1, 1772. (29) The Jacob Horn Block Corte House planned by Alexander Block of Williamsburgh, in August 1765 for the commissioners of Augusta by John Canon — was first made by Ord of Council to be erected in April 1769 — but by second Ord it was directed to be set up in April 1772 — and by the same Ord it was finished on April 28, 1772. After 80 THE HORN PAPERS two sessions of Cort was held at the Delaware Fish Stone, but on April 20th at the hour of noon all the plans being finished — all the ten men bowed their heads in righteous submission to God while John Watson gave all the souls into His keeping and declared this earthly house a part of His law and commandment, and bid all per- sons to enter therein thus by this saying of Canon — In the name of King and Colony I now declare the Camp Cat Fish Corte House open to all public business. C. Horn Ok. June 30, 1772 — By Ord made for the opening of Camp Cat Fish Cort House on April 20, 1772. C. Horn Clk. (30) Plan of Camp Cat Fish Corte House. The Camp Cat Fish Block Corte House shall be builded of logs hewn on two sides, 23 feet wide, 34 feet long and 14 feet high, with one-third run roof. With lookout 10 by 12 feet and 8 feet high on southwest end. Face to trail to Aliquippa Spring — Flintop Hill. The lower story shall be 7 feet high, the upper story shall be 4£ feet high on wall line and man high in centre. The lower story shall be petitioned into four parts. By petition lengthwise in centre and cross petition 19 feet from outside front wall. One outside door, 3x7 feet, for corte room door. One outside door, 3x7 feet on rear side door to Spring Path. Windows two logs high and same in width — 7 in all. The lookout shall have four parts in each one of 4 sides. The chimney shall be 8 feet firebed and 4 feet by same above fire wall. Same to be of logs, one log high above ridge of roof — set in clay mix. The Block House to be set round about with stockade 50 by 70 feet and 7 feet high — with one gate well pinned and lock bars. Doors to have iron bar hinge swing and lock bar stay with latch strap. C. Horn Recorder (31) Camp Cat Fish Corte Homestead by agreement is set off in 8 acres more or less — no bound being set to the site. Spirit Spring at foot of right side bank of Cat Fish run being a low spring — and all year spring — the strongest of 12 springs on margin of Cat Fish Run. Cat Fish main run from its waters at Rock Point — with No Man Run — makes to the right — makes many changes up its pathway to the little stone falls in its course to Spirit Spring. Footpath 30 paces below Spirit Spring at end of spring outrun. The footpath trail to crest of opposite ridge being the main trail 45 north of east to trail to Tingooqua Creek at Gist Creek Ford. Bowlegs Fish Hole below the little falls — 3 in all — being 70 feet long, 15 feet wide and 10 deep, was the way to Cat Fish Cache — by name set up by Gist — Horn and Frenchmen in 1751 — Pine Run, and No Man Run, being COURT RECORD 81 more of mill stream power, did not hold Indian tradition like Cat Fish Run, or Aliquippa Run — by Indian Ridge. C. Horn, Recorder— July 4, 1772 (32) Camp Cat Fish Corte Petitions. Be it known by all ye settlers that Robert Morris, in the name of Joseph Morris, of Staun- ton, do now make known the need of a wheel road from Ft. Morris to Flat Rock Ford of Tingooqua Creek, below White Rock Cavern — to Gist River Trail — and the well worn wheel trail from Little French Creek to Camp Cat Fish. Thereby make one wheel road from Ft. Morris to Ft. Vanmetre and river direct by Indian Crown Point and Thomas Hughes Tan Hide House, at the Pines. To Harrods Fur and Salt House on Gist River Trail to trail divide of Trail I to Teegarden and Trail II — to Gist River Ford below mouth of Carmichael's and Moredock's Creek in Mohongalo River waters. This same petition declares slaves of Joseph Morris — 10 by name — the same number of slaves of Richard Hickman — 20 by Thomas Hughes — and 6 slaves by Harrod — shall labor one month — September — to layout and road in order for wheel carts and 4-wheel wagons of Virginia make. If the Camp Cat Fish Corte makes Ord of same and appoint one layman to direct all plans and all labor, and 3 slave lashers, and make full payment of 2 shillings each for each full day — set down in record. Now I, Jacob Horn, make known that on September 4 next a hearing of all Ye settlers on Tingooqua's South Creek to the river, will be heard in the Corte of Claims, for and against, the petition — as set forth by Ye Vir- ginia Settlers. Take Ye heed of day — September 4 and hour of 8 A.M. for public hearing. C. Horn Ok. Jacob Horn, Justie (33) (34) Camp Cat Fish Corte House July 12, 1772. The Royal Gover- nor, Lord Dunmore at Camp Cat Fish Corte House, July 9th and 10th, 1772. John Canon arrived on the 7th to advise the Corte and family that the Royal Governor was on the James River Trail bound for the Gist Homestead and the Forts. Do desire to take rest and meat at Camp Cat Fish. Canon, by desire, name John Gibson, Abel McCullough, to meet with him the Royal Governor and 10 horsemen at Turkee Foot Rock — and trail to Fort Morris for noon camp. Then to Camp Cat Fish. Bowlegs being the front guide — by honor of Canon. His Royal Majesty, the Governor, addressed the Corte and 45 settlers at the Fish Stone on the next day, July 10, at 9 A.M. He do make Ord that a poll be made in one year of all settlers in the bounds of the Corte authority — by 82 THE HORN PAPERS act of General Assembly. By sick of sister for one week, the Royal Governor declared no Corte be set in long session until all was well at Camp Cat Fish. A feast being set before the whole party by the camp men, did make free on every hand and at one — the same day — all, by Thomas Gist's right hand of honor, did set out for his home- stead at Mt. Braddox — by Teegarden's Ferry. The Royal Gov- ernor in some ways being a very common place man, being of Scotch type in looks, but a real Virginian in all other things. He declared neither the King or the British Parliament could find their Cat Fish subjects — for any reason — not common to all Virginians. He bid us all a kind farwell and made his mount and with Bowlegs long and strong Indian friend-like shout of peace, they made their way to the trail to Camp Cat Fish II — and the Delaware Council Ground — to Teegarden Ferry by Ord made by Canon — this same day — the day and date be set down in this Corte record book I. C. Horn, Clk. and Recorder— This 10th day of July 1772. (35) (36) (37) Camp Cat Fish Corte, July 15, 1772. By direct Ord of Director, the Camp Cat Fish Corte is now declared closed — to be opened on September 4 to make road Ord as answer to petition set forth on September 4 by George Teegarden and Hupp and — for same — of petition by Robert Morris, Esq. of Ft. Morris for road to river. For complaint of Virginia settlers by right of their claims against Bed- ford County claimants on Virginia lands and for — proclaim of act of General Assembly — to make poll of all not taxed Virginia settlers after June 1, 1773 as set forth by the Royal Governor and directed by John Canon, Esq. — Councilor for Camp Cat Fish Corte. C. Horn Clk. Jacob Horn, Justie (38) September 4, 1772. Camp Cat Fish Corte Notice. To all Ye settlers in North West Augusta County, west of Mohongalo River, take Ye heed — by act of the commissioners of June 5, 1772 and made mandatory by the Royal Governor on July 10 of this year — that the Corte make full notice to all Ye Virginia Settlers — that a poll of each and all — with year of settled homestead — and that a common tax made by tax apportioner and to be paid to poll men, set up by the Corte, this act be declared for the year 1773 between June 1 and September 1. All settlers in this territory to make true record of the year and Colony from which they be from, on day and year made known, to poll men, no tax for any settler to be less than one shilling, or more than 20 shillings for each homesteader for the year 1773. Take Ye heed. C.Horn Clk. Jacob Horn, Justie (40) COURT RECORD 83 Camp Cat Fish Corte Estimates For First Part Of Year 1772 Building Of Block House By All Assist. L XV— X Books I, II, III, IV and gavil X— O Acts Of Virginia Assembly XI — X Likeness Of King V— O Likeness Of Royal Governor II — X Sheriff Ringlets and Seal Of King I — X Fill Box and Measure I — X One Pair Stelyards — England I — X Finale L XLIX— O For Jacob Horn Justie XX — X For John Canon Council XX — O For Daniel Moredock Sheriff XX — O For C. Horn Clk. XV Days I— X For II Witnes For King O — X Finale L CXI— X Agnst By Virginia Warrents XLV — O For By Sheriff Returns XX— O For By C. Horn Clk Returns X— X For By Advice To Slave Traders V — O For By Teegarden Ferry Tax V — O For L LXXXVI— O Grand Finale Bal. L XXV— X Agnst I, C. Horn, Corte Clk. of Camp Cat Fish Corte Make Oath To The Sheriff True Estimates As Set Forth By Me This XV Day Of July 1772 C.Horn Clk. (39) Camp Cat Fish Corte Spirit Spring, September 4, 1772. By agreement made and set down in Corte record Book I on June 4th, the hearings set down by common agreement for this day, be now made in full and Ord made of each finding of the Corte. George Teegarden — John Gibson — George Hupp — Bernard and IV set- tlers from Red Stone Territory, set forth their claims and needs and do agree to lay out said road and labor on it for one month, the Corte to make Ord that the sheriff notify all settlers that the be- ginning of labor be set for 6 A.M., September 10, without fail — each settler to use his axe and earth tools. The Corte to set in record that no tax be made for use of this road by the petitioners, their heirs, or by Virginia Colony, forever. The Corte now declares that the need of roads be the first need of all the settlers in Northwest Augusta County, and do now make Ord that the petition be set r, up *r /'/»*'* T£ '/JlHilfjt taK FIt/T paht tfyi**-> **r*in»»' \L,. +7 . . - - . - - ***' ** La HI OATH T# J 1 "' ***" 'W,y'J&{li,M K . Facsimile of Court Estimate for First Part of Year 1772 COURT RECORD 85 down as asked for, and that the sheriff shall make known to all set- tlers that each and all settlers, from Tingooqua south branch, at Crooked Run, to Red Stone, be made by Ord to labor on said road for 15 days — each — on the call of George Teegarden, on days set down by him — any settler not heeding the said call — shall be given 10 lashes by the sheriff — for each day not at labor — the petitioners being charged to keep in meat and rest all settler at labor on Coun- try road — the said Teegarden, Gibson, and Hupp, to be made by Ord — the open of road a fact — and valid — on penalty of 50 pounds of sterling. By sworn agreement of all — this Ord be made known as Road Ord I, and so recorded in record Book I this 4th day of September 1772. C. Horn Clk. Jacob Horn, Justie By agreement and time set on the 6th day of July as the time of road petition day being September 4th, for hearing of Robert Morris as principal, in road petition from his Fort — by Gist Trail — at Flat Rock crossing of Tingooqua Creek — at or near White Rock Indian and French Cavern, thence by Gist River Trail by Indian Crown Point to Wa Hawag Lo Camp site — now the Pines at Thomas Hughes, the slave dealer, Hide and Tan House. To Harrod Fur and Salt House on Gist River Trail to his river ford — below Wild Cat Den — at mouth of Carmichael's Run — the said Robert Morris now being in Corte and 24 man settlers — all home- steaders — as seconds. The Corte now set in all the hearings of claims set forth in said petition by all settlers — by common agreement of all — Thomas Hughes be settlers Council and did set forth much long time known facts of the French and Indian Trails as made first by the Shennoah Indian Tribe on now Tingooqua Creek long back in 1648 — 100 years before the Delaware Tribe their followers met with destruction at the site and on Indian Ridge on the 17th and 18th days of September 1748. He declares that he do now hold by Tomahawk claim the Indian Village of Chief Wa Hawag Lo and a loyal Virginian — a slave dealer — Esq. of first standing at Williamsburg and one of Christopher Gist's first 63 settlers on the east shore of the river before William Crawford the elder con- spired to make Penns claims reach the river. By which of reason of fact Gist advised in January 1766 all Virginia settlers — all your Justie now beholds — did set the river between us and Crawford's band of Penns hired Dutch tresspasser ( ?) and today I now declare that being a settled land — a land of first order in any Colony — I ask your voice and hand to lend your right to make Ord as petitioned for by fellow settlers of Northwest Augusta County so be it I prey — 86 THE HORN PAPERS the Corte being in mind of making end to all talk out of petition, called each settler for his Aye or Nay, and all say Aye. The Corte now set Ord one before the said Robert Morris and declared that the same Ord made for George Teegarden, John Gibson and George Hupp be common to all in road petitions in view of each slave owner to make this road by slave labor it now becomes my duty — in heeding and set in Ord the record — the full request of said petition — that the Corte make Robert Morris and Thomas Hughes each in bond of 50 pounds sterling to open said road as preyed for — and now made mandatory. The Corte now make the name of Jack Morris, Abraham Hickman, and Elias Estel, the slave labor laymen, and each of which to be paid 6 shillings for each day from sun to sun, to be paid in two parts — one part by Northwest Augusta County and one part of settlers tax on road for one year — after which said road be open to all Virginia settlers for wheeled wagons, mules and ox carts — by Ord of Camp Cat Fish Corte this 4th day of September 1772. C. Horn Clk. and Recorder Jacob Horn, Justie Camp Cat Fish Corte. Complaint made by Edward Scott and ten settlers of Upper Tingooqua Creek and Eckerlin Run against one Jacob Zeller and four sons as being Bedford County settlers on Virginia soil and being obnoxious to said complainant. The Corte being of desire to hold this Virginia territory as made in agreement with Gist and Canon in 1767 — that no Penn settlers be allowed to make Tomahawk claims on Virginia lands — did set Ord on Septem- ber 2nd — the sheriff bring the Zeller family into Corte on this day, September 4th, 1772, and make clear to the Corte and County their land of birth, and to which Colony they be loyal, by claims of settled homestead. Jacob Zeller declare he being born in Zurich, Switzer- land, in 1696, come by sailboat to Philadelphia, and to Chester thence to Shippensburg and to Northwest Augusta County in spring of last year 1771 — know not one Colony — from other Colony. They each and all do agree to be loyal Virginia settlers if the Corte set down his Ord for Virginia — in their prayer book — no Ord being made for this — the Corte by the statement of the sons, Leonard, George, Christian, and Jacob Zeller — they did not claim to be Penn settlers on Virginia land by Crawford or Hanna's desire — to hold this territory as one part of Penn claims. The Corte do find no ob- noxious claim made by Zellers, now declare Edward Scott — com- plaint set by — and make clear all the Ords of Virginia Rights — and same being made to them — the Zeller name being changed to Sellers — by Ord of the Corte and made by oath and so made in this Corte COURT RECORD 87 record by Ord of Camp Cat Fish Corte this 4th day of September 1772. C. Horn Clk. Jacob Horn, Justie Camp Cat Fish Corte, September 5, 1772. On complaint of Saml. Jackson that George Hupp be tight and very obnoxious at Teegarden's Ferry — and charged with throwing his Indian wife in the river — the Corte make ord that the sheriff — with Saml. Jackson — and John Teegarden — each lay seven lashes on the said George Hupp, between the hour of ten and twelve, this day, and the same to be made witness to by any two settlers at the Forte. The Corte do now ord all cost and tax money be set in Corte record Book I and III, same to be made to John Canon, Councilor and Corte Director. No set business before the Corte, I, Jacob Horn, do now close the Corte as directed. C. Horn Clk. Jacob Horn, Justie Book II contains all testimony of Corte hearing and councilors for and Against matters set in the name of King and Colony. Book III is one part of Book I — with sheriff returns made to Corte set therein in part. C. Horn Clk. Camp Cat Fish Corte, April 10, 1773. By reason of no agree- ment between John Canon, Councilor, at Dunmore Fort, and John Connolly, Councilor, and Virginia Commissioner of the same Fort — John Canon now declare the said Camp Cat Fish Corte be set by decree for April 29, 1773, at the hour of seven, and to direct the sheriff to bring George Wilson into Corte at same hour — for charges of giving aid and advice to Bedford County Corte Justie. The same by reason of the act as charged, be treason, and crime of first degree, and death by hang. Canon declare persons of evil mind — by design — make George Wilson a felon — but he in Corte — be by his own statement — to council — be declared aye — or nay — by the justie in chancery — now therefore, I, Jacob Horn, Justie in Chancery, do make ord and decree of same — that the said George Wilson, a Virginian man by birth — and of known loyalty to King and Colony — be made free to make clear his aye — or nay — do now set this day and hour for hearing as prayed for — and ode set on the sheriff — to make known to George Wilson — the decree set forth by the Corte this 10th day of April 1773. C. Horn Clk. Jacob Horn, Justie 88 THE HORN PAPERS Camp Cat Fish Corte Estimates For And To End Of September 1772 Balance Due Corte July XV LXXV- -X Due Daniel Moredock Sheriff I- -V Due John Horn Sheriff II- -X Due Justie V- -X Due C. Horn Ok., and Recorder II- -X Due John Canon Councilor X- -0 Jack Morris X- -XVI Abraham Hickman — Each X- -XVI Elias Estel X- -XVI For Corte Map Of Gist Trails Of 1739 & 1747 V- -0 Enoch O'Brine Repd Clock 0- -X Final Estimate Agnst Corte L LXXXV- -III By Ferry Tax By Teegarden V- -0 By Ferry Tax By Brown V- -0 By Finds 0- -XV By Council Advice V- -X By Sheriff Returns I- -X L XVIII- -V Grande Final Balance L LXVI- -XVIII Agnst Corte and County C. Horn Clk. and Recorder October 4, 1772 CAMP CAT FISH CORTE ORD By direct demand of Council that bounds be set for Camp Cat Fish Corte Claims. It is made by Ord that Map of Indian Claims of 1746 be attested to by Christopher Gist hand scribe, and map Chartman of Frederick. Be by Court-Commissioner directed to appear at Camp Cat Fish Corte on or before May 24th, this same month, and year, to attest to map set forth by him as Gist Map of 1768, by which all Indian claims are then, and now, declared on said map, by which the Delaware Indian lands are laid down on said map. Same being One Part, and Shawanes. Part Two of bounds of Camp Cat Fish Corte. This Ord made, and set in Corte Record, this 6th day of May, 1772. Jacob Horn Justie C. Horn Clk and Recorder His Seal 'jfc- / V/o as*. ff/'''ir- % 2mp?s. "... •**«* /i r * '.,w~ n '{,s'*utr\u--. '■•:"..:.'. -k' :■. a- J ?/£'/#^iM $fDr?rt*i B<*ii By. JehN faSter* *>**?/!** rxiMi) *i tut V. Facsimile from Court Docket, Showing Catfish Court Boundary 90 THE HORN PAPERS Camp Cat Fish Corte Record of Indian land Claims as set down in 1737, to 1748, to destruction of the Delaware Indians at Flint Top, 1748. Gist-French survey by trail in 1745 give Chart as now directed by his scribe, and set in Corte Record Book One. This map of Gist own make and true knowledge of same, by Gist and said scribe, by name Richard Lewis, a Virginia surveyor, and trail man of distance, and degrees, set for Gist by agreement in 1746, and same for Gist to end of year of 1752. By this map set down by scribe no claims can be made to any land between the Mohingalo, and Ohio Rivers by Bedford County. This same land declared to be French by agreement of Virginia in 1732. By French defeat, is Virginia now, by Resolu- tion of October 1758, and is now by Canon's Rule the Ohio Land Company is no part of Northwest Augusta County, but the Camp Cat Fish Corte hold full authority over all bounds of Delaware, and Shawanes land which by agreement with Canon, would not be set down as good land of large territory for the Ohio Land Com- pany in 1749, and 1752. This agreement now attested to by Gist scribe, Richard Lewis, the map is set down with the Indian Claims before the Ord of September 11th, 1768, was set down, and map of Two Parts is by Ord of Corte set down in Record Book One with bounds of Ohio Land Company Charter, and bounds of Camp Cat Fish Corte. The same be now attested to is set in this Corte Record, this 30th day of May, 1772. Jacob Horn Justie C. Horn Clk and Recorder His Seal -<\ turn- rv Facsimile from Court Docket, Showing Indian Land COURT RECORD 93 By Ord of September 11th, 1773 No part of the Ohio Lands be made a part of Camp Cat Fish Corte bounds. The said lands be on both sides of Mohongalo, from the Waters of Onida Creek, on Ohio waters, by French Bottoms, to Mohongalo River one part mile from Queen Elizabeth's Fort, to Gist Post, now said M. Braddock, to Gist-Lemercer Trail from Shennopin Village to Lemercer ferry on Susqu deLahanna — Logs Town Village lands on Ohio waters, making the Forks all in bounds of Ohio Land Claims. By Ord of the Royal Governor, as set forth by John Canon, in September 1772. A new Corte, or a military post is set up at the Forks for lands of Ohio Company. Same being claims of Bedford County. John Connolly by Royal Governor's direct act and Corte director for Ohio Lands. In no part of Camp Cat Fish Corte for 1772-1773. By Canon, Council, the same being an act of favor to Connolly. By royal decree, no act, or Ord made by Connolly be of force in the Camp Cat Fish Court, by Councillor ord, as Corte Com- missioner ord this 6th day of March 1773. C. Horn Clk. '74 A P dP 2?A-MP?A T Pl/H t'ANQ /iT [.A hi /j LANOl Pfiou C HAW AK £ TAAJL To TlN&oogiiA TT*7« La/ID-AT JNDJAN MtUHOjdLA; Csvtn /3y fif £oAD By 0kO of v. , j ^ . > Bros. Va. 1769 Richard Crazier J Returned to East Side of Mohongalo River in March 1770. D. Moredock, Poll Man John Craig Va. & Del. 1770 George Craft Va. & Del. 1770 Patrick Cooney 1 ^ Michael Cooney J Gabriel Cox Va. 1770 John Cline, Sr. Va. 1766 5 Jacob Cline John Cline Va. 1770 Wm. Cline Henry Debolt Va. 1770 5 Robert Kelly Va. 1770 5 James Jenkins Va. 1770 John Long T Bros G p o . nt Va 17?0 1Q James Long James Lindsay George Lindsay Va. 1770 Hiram Lindsay 106 THE HORN PAPERS James Kendall Va. Joseph Mains Va. George Haver Va. Owen Hughes Va. Richard Parkin, Son, Pines Va. Nathaniel McCarthy Va. David White Va. John Worley Va. Asa Murphy Va. Edmond Police Va. John Carr Va. Zachariah Huffman Va. Samuel McCroy Va. William Reese, Riley Run Va. James Murron, Riley Run Va. Richard Parr Va. Thomas Swan Va. James Campbell, Sr., Esq. Va. George Campbell Robert Campbell Va. 1771 15 Benjamin Campbell Sir Robert Campbell of Williamsburgh being an uncle of James Campbell, Sr., Esq. makes the Camp- bells free from tax but they say they pay set tax. D. Moredock 1770 5 1770 1767 10 1769 5 1779 1770 1770 5 1770 5 1770 5 1770 1771 1771 5 1771 5 1769 5 1769 5 1771 1770 1768 IS George Debult Va. 1772 5 John Garrad, Son Va. 1772 William Thomas Va. 1772 5 Joseph Goodwin Thomas Goodwin Md. & Va. 1772 15 William Goodwin Charles Hickman Va. 1772 John Polloch, Son of Ahimon Va. 1772 John Purman Va. 1772 5 James White Va. 1772 5 Robert Lenox Va. 1772 James Paramore Va. & Md. 1772 5 John Huffman Va. 1771 10 William Hartz Switzerland 1772 Jesse Leonard Va. 1772 George Meir Va. 1772 5 Jacob Stilwell Va. 1771 5 COURT RECORD 107 John Canon, Esq. Va. & England 1740 and Councilor for Northwest Augusta County 1772 20 Jacob Zeller by Father Jacob Sellers Va. Switzerland 1771 1771 10 10 Christian Sellers Va. 1772 5 George Sellers Jacob Sellers Leonard Sellers Va. 1772 John Wetsel ] Lewis Wetsel y Bros. Va. 1762 The Wetsels names obtained from Crow on Big Fish- ing Creek and so set down — after rides — to home- stead. D. Moredock, Sr. Pollman and tax receiver. ByClk. William Minor T R Va. 1765 20 John Minor J ar0S ' Va. 1766 10 William Crawford, Sr., Bedford County, 1754-1763, refused to be polled, pay Virginia tax and make any agreement. The Corte made demand that sheriff bring the said William Crawford into Corte for just hearing of his act of denial of Virginia rights where- upon the said William Crawford do now trail to East of River beyond the boundry of Camp Cat Fish Corte — By Council Agreement. If the sheriff find him on Virginia territory, the sheriff be Ord to kill the said William Crawford for TREASON, against King and Colony, Clk. William Crawford, Son Bedford County 1765 returned to East Side of River in 1767. Richard Wise Va. 1778 10 Henry Clinton Va. 1768 10 James Russell Va. 1768 5 David Cox "1 „ v Richard Cox 1768 John McClelland, Gist Run II— Fort 1768 10 James Bailey Phila. & Va. 1770 5 Robert Arnold I R y Jacob Arnold 1771 10 108 THE HORN PAPERS Jacob Dillinger, Chester County, Pa. in 1746 to 1768 Va. 1768 John Wiseacre Va. 1768 Richard Meighen Va. 1768 5 Cornelius O'Conor Ireland & Va. 1778 Samuel Harrod James Harrod Va. 1768 10 Levi Harrod Leonard Garrison George Garrison Bros. Garrison Forte II 1768 10 } James Kincaid „ . n/ro n r> u s. v -a r Bros. Va. 1768 Robert Kincaid James Rinehart Md. &Va. 1768 5 Samuel Zimers Va. 1768 *John Rogers "1 R French Trail Run on Tingooqua Creek David Rogers J Dros * Va. 1768 10 Daniel Walton, Esq. of Bierer Fort Va. 1768 10 Boltzar Loar, Block House Run Va. 1769 5 William Pennock 1 Bros. v 176Q C John Pennock J Pennock Run David Irons Bait. & Va. 1769 James Rush — Father 1 «., r 1 T r in/ r A in •; r> u c y Fish Creek Va. 1764 10 James Rush — son J° hn , A f.Y JBros. David Ackley Lived on Ackley Run from April 1767 to 1769 by trade homestead to William Teegarden for 30 shillings and 6 goats — no tax set. D. Moredock, Poll Man. By D. Horn, Clk. David Burson Va. 1769 10 Benjamin Maple Va. 1769 5 Samuel Keeghley Va. 1769 David Morris 1 Bros. 1769 >r. John Morris Sons of Jonathan Morris, S George South Carolina & Va. 1769 John Keigher Va. 1770 James Rhodes Va. 1770 5 James Yardley 1 R Jacob Yardley Va. 1770 5 James Bailey Va. 1771 George Wilson, Esq. Bedford County, Pa., a West Moreland settler on Virginia soil, a Virginian by COURT RECORD 109 birth but loyal to Penns. claims — because by trade — to William Crawford — to West Moreland Justie, refused to recognize Virginia claims and laws, re- fused to pay the 15 shillings tax laid down by C. Horn, tax proportioner, D. Moredock, Poll Man and Tax Collector of the King's and the Royal Colony's tax. The Corte directed the sheriff to set in force, same Ord agreed on for like refuse of William Crawford. David Finley 1 D r» . t?- i r Bros. Peter Finley Va. 1772 Jacob Staggers Va. 1772 5 Abner Howell Va. 1772 5 Rev. John Corbley Va. 1770 10 David Shepard, Esq. Va. 1753-1773 David Fox of Blockhouse Run Va. By his own Ord 20 David Fox 1767 10 Samuel Lappin Va. 1768 5 Samuel Ullem, Esq. Va. 1770 10 Adam Newland Va. 1770 Edward Scott Va. 1767 5 William Kerr N. J. & Va. 1767 5 Hugh Jackson Va. 1767 5 Jacob Sutton Va. 1769 Bernard Eckerlain Va. 1733 1763-1773 10 John Hawkins Va. 1767 10 John Hupp Va. 1770 John Vance Va. 1767 Jacob Funk "1 R Martin Funk J Va. 1766 10 Henry Hartly Va. 1767 5 John Hargus T Bros. Thomas Hargus J Hargus Run Va. 1766 20 Davis Ankrom Va. 1766 10 John Ankrom Va. 1766 10 Jackson Henderson, Esq., Blockhouse Run — Fort Indian, Peters Village and Gist Camp, Settled by right of Gist consent there in 1758, and is set down as first homesteader in the poll, made in territory west of the river, by a Virginia Homesteader, as set forth in returns. 110 THE HORN PAPERS Jackson Henderson, Esq. Va. 1758 20 John Henderson 1 R Thomas Henderson] Va. 1766 5 Bemas Lightner Va. 1770 5 James Church Va. 1770 James Riley Va. 1738 to 1748 and 1756, 1763 and now set down Va . 1766 10 William Riley, Son 1 R John Riley, Son J Va. 1767 Samuel Mclntyre Va. 1767 5 Samuel Orndorff Va. 1767 5 James Russel Va. 1767 5 Baney Whitchlatch Va. 1767 5 William Stewart Va. 1768 David Hook N.J. 1769 Abraham Culver Va. 1768 10 John Hathaway Va. 1763 10 Joseph Parkinson Va. 1772 John Strossnyderl R Wm. Strossnyder J Va. 1771 10 James Crago Va. 1770 5 Richard Philips Md. 1766 5 John Syckes Va. 1772 John Snyder Va. 1771 James Rosenberry T ^ tud u r Bros. John Rosenberry J Va. 1771 5 James Blackledge Va. 1768 5 David White James White It, r , d Thomas White} Bros - Fish Run Va. 1767 10 James Fonnar, Blockhouse Main Run Va. 1768 5 John Martin -. Bros. George Martin L Martins Inn Jack Martin J At Divide of C Va. 1772 20 jist Trail on M [orris River Roa< Robert Fleniken N. J., Va., and Del. 1769 10 John Heise Va. 1771 10 Yerkyese Cowel Va. 1771 George Tyson Va. 1771 Thomas Grims Va. 1770 David Ruff, Gist Run Va. 1770 10 Azari Davis, Riley Run Va. 1770 10 Jason Brown, Riley Run Va. 1771 10 Daniel Ryerson, Esq., Porte Ry< :rson Va. 1766 20 COURT RECORD 111 George Ryerson David Ryerson Va. 1772 Wm. Ryerson Patrick McCormick Ireland 1772 Michael O'Riley Va. 1772 Thomas Lucas Va. 1772 James Lindsey Va. 1771 Robert Va. 1771 James West Va. 1771 William Davidson Va. 1771 Peter Gosline Va. 1771 Jacob Richill, Esq. Va. 1766 20 John Titus, Little French Crk. Va. 1767 10 Alexander Mapel, Mapel Inn Va. 1771 10 John Miller, Ft. Enix Va. 1772 10 David Mason Va. 1767 10 George Mason T R Richard Mason J Va. 1771 Benjamin Garrison Va. 1767 10 Daniel Evans, Little French Crk. Va. 1769 10 Elias Furman Md. 1769 John Ross Va. 1772 5 John Johnson Va. & Md. 1771 Nathan Mitchener Va. 1769 Benjamin Areford, Sr. Va. 1770 10 John Fordyce Va. 1770 10 Ezekiel Braden Va. 1769 10 John Clutter, Ft. Ryerson Va. 1770 5 Samuel Beebout Va. 1771 5 Benjamin Kiger Va. 1770 10 Daniel Ackley Va. 1766 William Moredock 1 Bros., Sons of George Moredock, John Moredock Va. 1773 Thomas Heaton Va. 1773 Samuel Hughes, The Pines Va. 1773 James Milliken Va. 1772 John Lemley 1 Bros., French Creek George Lemley J Va. 1773 James Barnes, Sr. England 1767 10 James Barnes 1 t i r> Y Bros. John Barnes England 1773 Jacob Rush, Esq., Tingooqua Creek Va. 1770 10 Jacob Zook Va. 1769 5 112 THE HORN PAPERS Jacob Fletcher Va. 1770 John Harris 1 Bros., Crc >oked Run Abraham Harris J Va. 1767 James Loar Va. 1768 324— Whites 115 (?) 15 Shillings Slaves Known 124 Sheep 216 Goats 352 Mules 62 Oxen 326 Horses 24 Poll Returns made by D. Moredock. Sr. August 24, 1773, C. Horn Clk. and Recorder HARDTMAN HORN POLL FOR 1773 John Allen Va. 1766 5 Wm. Allen Va. 1767 Richard Ankrom Va. 1766 5 Peter Bachus Va. 1766 George Hupp Va. 1765 15 Enoch O'Brine Va. 1763 5 Nate O'Brine Va. 1765 5 Robert Anton Va. 1767 5 James Black, Redstone Pa. 1766 10 Jeremiah Henderson, Chartier Creek Va. 1766 10 John Smith T R Robert Smith J Va. 1767 10 John Houston Va. 1768 10 John Alison Va. 1762 5 Ephson Brownfield, Bedford 1768 5 Israel Cox Va. 1767 5 Jonathan Chambers Va. 1768 10 Zephaniah Dunn 1 R Benjamin Dunn J Va. 1767 5 Henry Enox, Redstone Va. 1768 10 John Carr, Redstone Va. 1768 Thomas Scott 1 T c _ V Bros. James Scott Va. 1768 10 Edward Taylor 1 g rQs Wm. Taylor J Va. 1768 10 William Holms Va. 1767 5 COURT RECORD George Teegarden Va. 1766 20 David Teegarden Va. 1768 Samuel Teegarden Va. 1768 Isaac Teegarden Va. 1768 John Teegarden Va. 1768 Edward Taylor \ William Taylor J Va. 1768 5 Edward Thomas Va. 1768 John Moore Va. 1768 10 Michael Ely Joseph Ely George Ely Jacob Ely Bros., From James River Flats, Va. 1769 20 John Ely Jacob Streker Va. 1770 5 Robert Sair 1 James Sair Va. 1770 10 Samuel Stilwell Md. & Va. 1769 15 John Casteel "I Jacob Casteel J Va. 1768 10 Joseph Cox Isaac Cox, Esq. J Va. 1769 20 John Gibson, Esq. Va. 1754-1773 10 John Watson Va. 1772 5 John Watson and John Gibson by Wife's sister are broth ters- law. Clk. George Watson, Son Va. 1772 Jacob Horn, Father Va. 1772 20 John Horn Christopher Horn Va. 1772 20 Hardtman Horn John Hardtman Pa. & Va. 1772 Abiga Hough, Father Va. 1772 Martin Hough, Son Va. 1772 Jon Beall 1 r» Joseph Beall Va. 1772 10 Benjamin Hardin, Father Va. 1772 10 William Hardin T „ TV K • TT T > brOS. Martin Hardin Va. 1772 Adam Penter Va. 1772 Stephen Styles Va. 1772 Jacob Ten IV tile Va. 1769 10 113 114 THE HORN PAPERS Robert Ten Mile. R Frank Ten Mile | Bros. Tingooqua Creek Va. 1769 20 Md.&Va. Va. 1768 1768 10 5 N. J., Va., Md. 1768 10 Va., N. J., and Md. 10 Va. 1763 10 Va. 1768 Va. 1767 Va. 1772 20 James Ten Mile John Bowel David Black, Redstone Robert Fulton 1 n t it k r Bros. James Fulton Daniel Keys 1 R David Keys J Joseph Hill, Father George Hill D Jacob Hill J Bros - James Stackels Andrew Heathe Jacob Heathe Andrew Heathe and Jacob Heathe, Brothers, Virginia Militia at the forks in 1754, did build Fort Queen Elizabeth, same year, on Ohio Land Com- pany lands and set the out post of same for Christo- pher Gist at Walnut Tree 100 paces south of Fort as set down by Gist in 1752, as end to Ohio Lands on border of Tingooqua's rightful claims. Heathes, by Gist consent, made Fort Queen Elizabeth their homestead in 1758 but set same down in 1763 to hold Ohio Lands. William Crawford by claims, set same for Cumberland County by Ord of 5 de- grees west by charter which Gist made known in 1763 to be at Gist Rocks on crest of Le Merciers Mt. Ridge, now Fort Queen Elizabeth is by all Vir- ginia rights declared the homestead of Andrew Heathe, Esq. and his brother, being west of river on Virginia soil. Clk. Peter Hewt Md., Pa., and Va. 1769 John Kraft Va. 1764 Peter Dodridge 1 T r tn*n c t u T-k j -j r Bros. Va. 1769 5 Jacob Dodridge Richard Yeates, Esq., Assembly man and planter of upper Camp Cat Fish by Chartier Creek, Va. 1772 20 James Barnard Va. 1766 10 Resin Virgin I Bros Va $ Jesse Virgin J COURT RECORD Robert Buckingham! R Enoch Buckingham J Va. 1771 10 James Trowbridge Va. 1772 5 Samuel McCullough Va. 1764 10 James McConol Va. 1764 10 115 James McConol and Samuel McCullough being the first Virginia homesteaders at DuPratz Island open- ed ferry at Rock Point in 1766, but water flood in ferry, 1767, destroyed boat, Jack and access to boat and no ferry is set down for Eagle Nest. Clk. John Heaton, Esq. Va. 1772 10 Abel McCullough, Sr. Va. 1772 10 John Greenlee Va. 1772 John Estel, Redstone Va. 1771 John Pinyard 1 Bfos Jesse rinyard Va. 1771 David Gossett Va. 1769 Samuel Adamson Va. 1771 John Roberts Va. 1771 James Ackford Va. 1767 David Greenlee Va. 1771 David Gray Va. 1772 10 John Barney Va. 1772 5 John Dunn Md. & Va. 1772 5 Jacob Clevengor Va. 1772 (?)-' « Shillings Slaves Known 21 Sheep 72 Goats 120 Mules 32 Oxen 72 Horses 10 Poll returns made by Hardtman Horn September 1, 1773. Horn Clk. Camp Cat Fish Corte Estimates to End of September 1773 Balance Due Against Corte and County Due Jacob Horn, Justie Due John Canon, Councilor Pounds Shillings S3 10 20 20 165 10 106 10 20 116 THE HORN PAPERS Due C. Horn, Clk. and Recorder 5 Due John Horn, Sheriff 20 Due Daniel Moredock, Pollman and Tax Recorder 30 15 Due Hardtman Horn, Pollman and Tax Recorder 10 15 Due Jacob Dillinger for Need at Fort Garrison 5 By Ferry Tax By Corte Tax Record By Fines By Corte Charges 136 10 Final Estimates against 28 10 Corte and Northwest Augusta County On October 1, 1773. C. Horn Clk. Camp Cat Fish Corte Ord— June 4, 1773. By Corte Ord of this even date, that from this time, all, Corte Ords and council plea, be set in Virginia Cort Record Books, of common form, and the King's seal, be set to each Ord, set therein. By Ord of Royal Governor as directed by John Canon, Councilor for the Corte and Northwest Augusta County, Colony of Virginia. No record set down in this record Book I and Book III, are by Ord made a part of Virginia Corte record Books I to V, of same form. C. Horn Clk. Jacob Horn, Justie This 4th day of June 1773 PRIVATE NOTES OF CHRISTOPHER HORN The Old Camp Cat Fish Corte and site in public land claims after June 1, 1778. The block Corte House build in March and April, to May 4 on stockade, 1772, same site be the home of Jacob Horn to his death in February 1778 and John Hardtman home to the month of January 1782, at which time fire did burn the roof off from the block house with two end logs, and in 1785 ten logs, be taken from Corte block house and set in Jacob Wiever and son Jacob Horn by assist for Wiever's homestead one part of half mile by flow of Cat Fish Run, by Indian Camp Site, 8 acres of Corte land be by no claim there to did become public last year, 1786. C. Horn COURT RECORD 117 Upper Camp Cat Fish Ord — 1769 By statement of facts by Peter Chartier, that George Croghan, a man of many minds, and act of authority, by Cumberland County, by force of same, declare that the said Peter Chartier be an enemy of the English, whereby both Virginia and Cumberland County should set a seal on the head of Chartier, as a Frenchmen or traitor of evil mind, Christopher Gist now declare Chartier to be loyal to King and Colony of Virginia, but by reason of Croghans attempt to set Cumberland County Ord on Virginia soil, Gist did set his hand direct against Croghan and so advise Jacob Horn of this at Upper Camp Cat Fish in 1769. John Canon, Commissioner, with Tingoo- qua and Chartier, direct Jacob Horn, Justie, to post notice that any Cumberland County settlers making by claim the homestead on Virginia soil in this territory, be executed, quartered and burned, as a righteous act for said criminal act. Tingooqua and by watch of Bowlegs, be directed to destroy any Penn. settlers making home- tledsteads round about in this Virginia territory. This same to be set down at this place, Upper Camp Cat Fish this 14th day of May 1769. By — Jacob Horn, Justie By — John Canon, Commissioner By — Christopher Gist By — Tingooqua By — Peter Chartier This same Ord by the Corte was set in full force, to the destruc- tion of Augusta Town in June 1780. C.Horn September 20, 1787 DEATH OF SOME INDIANS OF MUCH KNOWN IN TINGOOQUA'S TERRITORY By Bowlegs knowledge and count he makes the fact known of the Indians killed round about in Tingooqua lands. 1. Eagle Feathers killed by French and Lake Indians, by French and Indian Trail on Mohongalo, 1725. 2. Old One Eye — Delaware Village Chief, killed by French at his village on Upper Tingooqua Creek, 1727. 3. Chief Wan Gu-Ka-Ke killed by French, James Riley and Delaware at Indian Village on Riley Run, 1738. 4. Tin-Gu Wa-La-Mo Trail man killed by Cayuga warriors on Tingooqua Creek by common council ground, 1728. 5. Five Delaware Indian Flint Workers killed and scalped on Crows Creek, 1734. 118 THE HORN PAPERS 6. Tall Tree— An-Gan-Ne-Wa-Ke killed at Wa Ha Wag Lo High Rock Cliff on Tingooqua Creek, 1738, by two Huron Warriors. 7. Pale Face Chartres, brother of Peter Chartres, Peter Chartier by French, was killed in fight by Gist Fur House, 1746. 8. Great Indian Chief Wa-Ha Wag Lo was killed in two-day fight at Flint Top September 18, 1748. 9. The Village Chief, Little Eagle Eye of Indian Peter Village on block house run, killed by French Indian carriers in 1748. 10. Light Foot killed by Christopher Gist, the guide and explore- man, 1753 at Le Mercier Mountain. 11. Two of Creaux Bozarth Indian Runner was killed by Bowlegs in 1752. 12. Ten thousand Indians in all were killed by Indians, at Flint Top, 1748. 13. Long Fish Tail, Brother of Bowlegs, was killed in battle of Flint Top, 1748. 14. Gray Wolf, The Trailer, with Bowlegs, the Silent killer, killed four Onida, in river at Sumonville Creek, in October 1752. 15. Tingooqua died on Scioto River, 1770. 16. Wessameking, The Cat Fisher, was killed in Dunmore Battle, 1774. 17. Peter Chartier, killed by George Chrogan, as a French lookout man, and a traitor to the English, 1773. (The death was a true fact, but the charge was of malicious and of evil mind.) 18. Twenty Indians killed at the Forks, 1772. 19. Four Indians killed by Elizabeth Bozarth in April, 1769. (These French Indians from Canada made raid by French Ord, to destroy all English settlers in Tingooqua Lands.) 20. By common knowledge of Enoch O'Brine, Bowlegs and Canon, the Logan family was killed by plans of Crawford, to set Indians in war on Ohio River to end all claims to Ohio Lands, at the Forks, and Penn. claims to be set on same, by Ord of Bedford Corte. Bowlegs died at his Fish Stone October 9, 1789. Snow In Face, the daughter of Oppaymolieh, beloved by all Indians, by Devil's Itch Pox at Aliquippa Spring in winter season, died in March, 1737 ( ?). (Snow In Face was by Bowlegs say, a full sister to Queen Aliquippa the friend of Gist and Washington, and Virginia). Bowlegs declare 100 squaws and maidens of Delaware Tribe be killed by French Indian Warriors by throw from high cliff on end of Indian Ridge to rocks in Tingooqua Creek at base of cliff. (The COURT RECORD 119 Indan skeleton bones lay over 75 acres of land, by thousand, when I, C. Horn, made Flint Top Battle Land my homestead 1775. (Bowlegs declare all his family was killed in this battle, of which he declare, no other Indian battle in America did ever see so many Indians in battle, and so great a number killed at one time.) C. Horn— 1790 By statement of facts by Enoch O'Brine, in December 1779, that the Virginian intrigue of Crawford and Hanna, did set the militia against Logan, the Indian who at all times was the friend of the Virginia colonists, and made all agreeable to his wigwam, by act of said militia in war on Logan, the Virginia settlers become Logan's enemy. Canon and Enoch O'Brine did council with Logan, but by reason of so great a loss, by death, Logan be most bitter and broken in friendship, said by direct word, U I am now in war, and make clear that Logan be an enemy to white people because they made Logan so." Logan was pleased by his friend's talk and did make a long talk. By Enoch O'Brine, to the Royal Governor, and by Canon's consent, did set the Governor's observance. Enoch O'Brine did by, and in person deliver Logan's complaint to Dunmore. Crawford by word to Dunmore, declared he did not by word or act send the word to set war on Logan. Canon declare that both Crawford and Dunmore be shot for lives of Logan's family massacre, all for pos- sesion of Ohio Lands, at the Forks, contested for not by the English and French, but Virginia and Penn claims to same in 1774. In 1775 when the district of West Augusta did set aside all of North West Augusta County, it did include all the Ohio Land Claims of 1748- 52, thereby annul all Penn claims not only to Forks, but all of West- moreland Lands. This, Canon declares will end all trouble both John Connolly and West Moreland be at his mercy for the year 1776. C.Horn 1786 October 30 Jacob Horn born at Penn Inn, Philadelphia, in Penn Colony in 1721, lived by Snow Creek from 1742-1772. He married Dus- chea Von Natta Von Reisseiler February 21, 1742. He, by Gist and Canon, was made Justie of Snow Creek settlement in April 1765, and Justie of Camp Cat Fish Corte of same bounds as made by Ord of John Canon, June 20, 1768, and made under Ord and seal of Royal Governor September 11, 1768. He with family and 19 of Snow Creek settled at and round about Camp Cat Fish in March 1772. Justie in Chancery of Camp Cat Fish Corte March 30, 1772 to June 8, 1774. He was made a Home Guard of Trust 120 THE HORN PAPERS of the few Delaware Indians in Yohogania County — County Ord in March 1777 by Augusta Town Corte. Jacob Horn by reason of mind, made no choice in person, of America and Britain be divided in government, but charged his sons and all settlers to defy King and Parliament troops in the Colonies. Jacob Horn died at Camp Cat Fish Corte Block House on the morning of February 24, 1778, age 57 years and 3 days, and laid at rest by side of wife and daughter on Corte Land on February 26, 1778. C.Horn April 10, 1781 Much disagreement is now set-up against Washington County for making the names of streams and forts of well known names be set down by new and strange names of which no man of reason do agree. The name "Tingooqua," one of long standing, a name of much known to all settlers by all rights be set in Penn records as name of his creek, but by some agreement the names of Gist, Ecker- lin, Tingooqua, Grendelier, and Beaumonte are all made end thereto and other names set in place thereof. Tingooqua be a name long in the mind of man when Jacob Ten Mile be lost by name or place of his homestead. Eckerlin by name be one of first to set his name to the same White Clay Creek set down by County Ord. Richard Yeates, Esq. by his objection to Hoges Creek by name, Chartier Creek be set down by same name and be known when Tingooqua Creek be lost to memory of men. Pine Run and Cat Fish Run not set in records is the same to all settlers round about. Teegarden is not so set in the rocord. The Pierson Mill by ferry makes it Mill Town or Mill-Boro. The main village being neither changed or set down by Canon's Ord for he declares McCullough, like the British, will soon be forgotten by all but the claim holders and each man's tax claim demands which he hold as his rightful share to McCullough Town, and to the first iron furnace in the Mohon- galo Valley, 1779 to this time, December 4, 1786. The great change made in 15 years in war, in settlements, in all things, even in death, no man now do make known the times of 15 years in days to come. The old times and old names are being lost to all who doth not set in record all things of today for the next reading of the same. John Canon and Isaac Cox declare little is left to be set in record for our children's children to behold in records of the old days, before the Mason and Dixon line divided us from old Augusta. C. Horn, 1787 COURT RECORD 121 AUGUSTA TOWN, YOHOGANIA COUNTY, VIRGINIA June 1, 1779 By General Orders issued by John Canon, Military Command- er of Yohogania and Monongalia Counties, declare that each and every settler in war service, in said counties, be set down in each division in their regular order at Yohogania County Corte House in Augusta Town. By appointment, by John Canon, Esq. Chief in Command in said County, I. C. Horn, have made and set down as directed, the names of each man in service of Patriot Army. The same being set down for County and like list set in post on door of said Corte House from time to time as made by Ord of Canon. The said list to date, set in post by me, I, C. Horn, now declare by oath the same be true as set forth for Commander In Chief by said Counties by Colony of Virginia. C. Horn, Vol. In Rifel Corps and Provo Marshall HOME GUARD SERVICE FOR 1777 PATRIOTS George Morris Virginia 1766 Jonathan Morris, Sr. Virginia 1776 Jacob Sellers, Sr. Switzerland 1777 Jacob Cronch Virginia 1777 Abner Hoge Penn 1776-77 Zenas Mitchel 1776-77 George Sellers Jacob Sellers 1776-77-78 David Hickman Virginia 1777 Cephas Yoders Virginia 1777 James Dougherty, Elder Virginia 1777 John McCormick Maryland 1777 Jacob Hickman Virginia 1777 Daniel Moredock, Jr. Virginia 1777 John Estel Virginia 1777 James Burson Virginia 1777 Jacob Dillinger Virginia 1777 Robert Fulton Virginia 1777 John Stackels Virginia 1777 John Ryerson Virginia 1777 Richard Hickman Virginia 1776-77 William Crawford Virginia 1778 John Poloch Virginia 1777-78 122 THE HORN PAPERS HOME GUARDS FOR YEAR 1778 William Teegarden Virginia 1778 Michael Ely Virginia 1778 Hugh Jackson Virginia 1778 David Fox Virginia 1778 William Fomer Virginia 1778 John Ankrom Virginia 1778 John Miller Virginia 1778 John Barney Virginia 1778 William Black Virginia 1778 William Kerr Virginia 1778 Jacob Sutton .Virginia MILITIA 1778 Captain George Hill Virginia 1776-77-78-79 C. Horn Virginia 1777-78 Acy Conwell Virginia 1777-78 Jacob Morris Virginia 1777-78 Conrad Sycks Virginia 1777-78 George Teegarden Virginia 1777-78 Daniel Moredock, Sr. Virginia 1777-78 Christian Sellers Penn 1777-78 Henry Huppman Virginia 1777-78 Samuel Black Virginia 1777-78 Resin Virgin Virginia 1777-78 Jesse Virgin Virginia 1777-78 George Strossnider Virginia 1777-78 Jacob O'Brine Enoch O'Brine Virginia 1777-78 Thomas Hews Virginia 1777-78 Rev. John Corbly Virginia 1777-78 Jacob Ten Mile Virginia 1777-78 Adam Penter Virginia 1777-78 David Cox Virginia 1777-78 William Frannegan Virginia 1777-78 *Joseph Allen Virginia 1777-78 David Morgan Virginia 1777-78 Eberhart Bierer Virginia 1777-78 John Horn Virginia 1777 Hardtman Horn Virginia 1777 John Houston Virginia 1777 Robert Sair Virginia 1777 COURT RECORD Thomas Scott Virginia 1777 James Black Virginia 1776-77 Benjamin Dunn Virginia 1777 Peter Bachus Virginia 1777 James Newland Virginia 1776 Isaac Teegarden Virginia 1777 Samuel Teegarden Virginia 1777 Jacob Ely Virginia 1777 George Ely Virginia 1777 John McClellan Virginia 1777 Ellis Bailey Virginia 1777 Robert Ailes Virginia 1777 Robert Adams Virginia 1777 James Culver Virginia 1777 Louis Cragow Virginia 1777 William Ackerman Virginia 1777 Levi Harrod Virginia 1777-78 David Polloch Virginia 1777 *George Huckleberry Virginia 1777 *Henry Brenton Virginia 1777 Ulrich Meir Virginia 1777 Samuel Knisely Virginia 1777 George Knisely Virginia 1777 William Cline Virginia 1777 Acy Murphy Virginia 1777 *Demas Benington Virginia 1778 *Killed in battle. 123 VIRGINIA RIFLE CORPS Morgan Morgan, Va. organized the Virginia Rifle Corps and Captain of same and John Henderson Lieutenant, enlistment being — Jacob Statler Enos Rosenberry David Keener John Morris Benjamin Maple Robert Kincaid David Irons James Rush James Rush James White Michael White Robert Campbell Richard Park John Frazier John Wetsel *Richard Evans Jesse Leonard Eberhart Bierer Samuel Orndorff James Kincaid *William Riley * Killed in battle. 124 THE HORN PAPERS OFFICERS HOME GUARDS Captain William Archer Captain William Kincaid Captain John Rogers, Sr. Lieutenant Jack Morris Captain John Corbly Lieutenant John Moredock Captain Joseph Parkinson Lieutenant Isaac Clutter For years of 1776-77-78 as posted at Augusta Town C. Horn, Postman MONONGALIA COUNTY MEN IN BATTLE IN GENERAL GREEN'S ARMY Virginia Malitia Lieutenants John Maple Daniel Crago James Freye Hiram White James O'Neal *George Crawford Robert Stackles *Edward Doughty Richard Myers *Killed in battle OFFICERS POSTED Virginia Regulars in Service Captain William Minor Captain George Mier Captain George Hill Captain George Cragow Captain John Canon Captain David Shepard Captain Morgan Morgan Captain Morgan Jackson Lieutenant John Henderson Lieutenant John Rogers, Jr. Lieutenant Jacob Statler Lieutenant Eberhart Bierer Lieutenant David Burson Colonel William Wallace Colonel John Minor Colonel John Walton Colonel Gist Culver Colonel Daniel Rice As posted at Augusta Town. C. Horn, Postman COURT RECORD 125 VIRGINIA REGULARS IN SERVICE Henry Hartly Dave Shepard John Morris Adam Newland *Edward Doughty James Burson George Strossnider *George Brown Edward Scott Martin Funk *John Hargus Elias Estel John Staggers James Mclntyre Hugh Kenon Thomas Meighen Bultzer Loar John Pennock William Pennock Thomas Kent John Rush David Lazeare * Joshua Irons James Lappin Samuel McCullouch, Jr. John Jones, Block House Run Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia Monongalia MONONGALIA COUNTY REGULARS IN SERVICE AT BATTLE OF COWPENS Colonel William Minor Lieutenant John Henderson Elias White *Noah Virgin John Barnett Silas McClain David Glasgow John Fraser *John Rush Hugh Jackson Richard Swan George Meir John Baird Samuel Sedgwick James Hughes James Bailey Richard Craft Levi Harrod *John Miller *Killed in battle 126 THE HORN PAPERS YOHOGANIA COUNTY Jacob Wiever John Watson, Sr. John Watson, Jr. Adam Deever Nate O'Brine Christopher Horn John Horn Hardtman Horn George Campbell William Poole George Poole John Van Sweringen Robert Buckingham Robert Arnold *Samuel Harris Jacob Ten Mile David Teegarden Enoch O'Brine John Heaton Isaac McClain James Ross Samuel Wiever James Trowbridge James Wylie Acy Van Sweringen John Zook Adam Tyford Jacob Hill Robert Jenkins Samuel Jenkins Robert Sair tEdward Ward Justie tlsaac Cox David Black Robert McConnell John Jones, Redstone John Bachus, Redstone David Beall, Pine Run John Beeson, Redstone Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogan Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani Yohogani tNot in Field Service COURT RECORD 127 John Canon by C. Horn, List Clk. and Postman Provo Marshall 1778 and 1779 to June 1 Ohio County Virginia Patriots, posted at Augusta Town for 1777 and 1 778 by Richard Yeates, by Ord of David Shephard, Esq., Justie in Chancery for Ohio County Virginia, by consent of John Canon. C. Horn VI MISCELLANEOUS MAPS AND PAPERS Camp Catfish CorteOrd. 1. Be it known that the Catfish Corte do make Ord 1. the first day of June 1772 to all ye settlers within North West Augusta County that all laws of the King and Colony are set down in Ord 1. By Ord of the Comisioner at Williamsburgh on September 11, 1768. Take heed all ye settlers. Recorded By C. Horn Jacob Horn, Justie in Chancery June 1, 1772 Camp Cat Fish Corte September 4, 1772 Being advised that some Bedford County settlers beyond South Tingooqua Creek are not loyal to the King and the Colony of Virginia the Corte did make known their intentions whereupon Christian Zeller did make known his rights to homestead in Virginia territory. He did make it known that he was the son of Jacob Zeller, born in Zurich, Switzerland, in 1706, and did come to Bedford County and marry Katherine Reiler, and that John, Jacob, Ace, Leonard, Christian, and Barbara was born. He, Christian, make it known he was born in Bedford in 1744 and homesteaded in Spring- hill in 1771 and did say by word of agreement that he and all the Zellers be under Virginia law, whereupon the Corte did find them loyal to Virginia and did set down the name of Sellers as the lawful name. Hence, the other persons made in complaint did all make known the same agreement and all are set down on Camp Cat Fish Corte records as loyal Virginia settlers by Ord of Jacob Horn, this day, September 4, 1772. Jacob Horn, Justie By C. Horn, Recorder Ords 29 Be it known by all the settlers of that land now claimed by Bed- ford County West of the Monongahelo, and South and east of the Ohio River who claim rights under the authority of Penn's Council- ors, are traitors to the Virginia Rights in the described Boundary, and will be openly dealt with military law, under the authority of the laws of Vrginia. Now, I, Jacob Horn, by Commission of Authority under date of September 11th, 1768, declare, and em- power John Canon, by Governor Dunmore's direction, to organize *i x < it- *>** s iff* -^&zL <<■ Q 1 <0 * *$ ^ * Q r«f>5 £ S *C * <* ^ WM ^ Gisfs Muf of Monongahela Country — 1750 (For explanation see detail in Chapter 2Q) MA Map of Virginia in 17 j2 as Drawn by C. Bryce in 1771 •"" French Claims and Tribal Lands— Map on Stone by Richard Lewis, IJ4J MM l TRAILS Mohonga/o Opposite Page Redrawn, Showing Details set ■i > HBP'- *\ wtff^/J™^ -/V JUL \ I /_ .V \ ' »>*4 ***>,.. I . . . Sketch of Trail from Snow Creek to Camp Catfish as Made by Christopher Horn in 1780 MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS AND MAPS 129 a full Company of settlers loyal to the Virginia Cause, to overcome all "opisitun" to us and destroy all Bedford authority on the soil of land in the Boundary, as named. We hold it to be unlawful and of traitors talk to acknowledge any Ords of Bedford County as lawful righteous, or patriotic and direct that moves be made to set aside any Ords not favored by Dunmore's Party. Be it known that no Ords will be tolerated that have not been set up by Virginia Authority and signed by, and under my Seal. Ords of Jacob Horn, Justie, March 11th, 1773. On the same day and place, the organizing of the law's first Ord, John Canon, as Captain, made ready to fulfill the King's Laws by governor Dunmore's demand. Signed. Christopher Gist by x John Swan John Horn William McConnelly Christopher Horn Ezra Loughmiller John Heaton Joel Van Reeves Hardtman Horn Andrew Heathe Resin Virgin Joel Van Ruth Isaac Cox John Canon, Captain Martin Hough Jeremiah Glasgo Abel McCulloch John Gibson Daniel Moredock, Sen. Richard Yeates James Moredock Benjamin Kirkendal George Morris Benjamin Frye James Wright John Neville Conrad Sycks Thomas Hughes William Teegarden George Teegarden John Armstrong Henry Van Meter Signed — Jacob Horn, Justie By My Name and Seal for Augusta County this 1 1th day of March, 1773 Jacob Horn's Seal *** Camp Catfish May 4, 1773 Corte Notice Know ye all ye settlers in northwest Augusta County Colony of Virginia the Ord set down in September, 1772, to make the poll of each settler for the King and Colony will be subscribed to by each settler's hand to the Cortes officers of Poll Men the same being Daniel Moredock, the elder, J. Horn and Hardtman Horn. By 10 130 THE HORN PAPERS Ord of this Corte know ye all take notis that all settlers must make known his name and colony to the Poll Men before the 15th day of August next by Order of Justie J. Horn, Justie in Chancery Camp Catfish Corte this 4th day of May, by our Lord's year 1773. J. Horn, Justie By I. C. Horn, Clk and Seal Man Camp Catfish Corte Ord 7 Camp Cat Fish Corte June 8th, 1773 Be it known as set forth by Ord 7 of the Cat Fish Corte this eighth day of June, 1773, that the Cort, Jacob Horn by Justie in Chancery by a Ord make the names of the Cort officers as the same set forth for each man with his prescribed labor. John Horn be and hereby named Sheriff of all the prescribed territory and jourisdiction of said Cat Fish Corte. Christopher Horn to be Tax Aportoner of the same territory. Daniel Moredock Elder to be Tax Receiver of that portion of territory south of South Tingooqua Creek to Turkee Foot Hill to be the Mohongalo River to Gist Point. Hardtman Horn the same of that portion of territory north of said creek and to such other habitations as the Corte may direct the said Hardtman Horn to Tax Receiver by and for Virginia for the said year of 1773 by order of the Corte this eighth day of June, the hour of noon being set down. Jacob Horn, Justie John Watson, Clk C. Horn — Recorder 1773 Camp Cat Fish — June 4, 1773 Bowlegs declare Spirit Spring to be the place to where the Dela- ware guide set his camp in 1653 ( ) One Hundred And Thirty Years hence and the Great Spirit has only made the waters dry up to times hence. It was stated by Tingooqua and Peter Charters in 1751 no other Spring was like unto Spirit Spring in flo of its water and so clere in look. The fish stone being set on this ground in 1695 by Chief Wa- Ha-Weg-Lo the same being a part Indian of the Delaware tribe — The same being kild at Flint Top in 1748. Bowlegs declare Wa-Ha- Weg-Lo comes to Spirit Spring once every moon and Bowlegs can see him when he gives the Peace Call. John Hardtman Wiever and McCullough all declare no person did appere at the Spring but Bowlegs declare he did see the Chief at this time but no white man believe it so. For no man think old Wa-Ha-Weg-Lo was here 1 i / / \ list's CCL MDCC / * * Q ^ s \ _ fc^ S y v "^ 5 ^ S*. a / i h .^ "•■ ,' / - £ ^ \ W. ^ / i * i / X / J* V 1 *x^ 1 1 j&*''~ ' 1 ^ *' * 1 1 1 Ss*~ / *a 1 JT r' / "* 1 ^ ' * *■* V* / //^ / "> n x / J? i ' y •+■ >• V^N / r f L ** } \ /frs* *-o n 9r\r x ^ viz rs „---»-- J t / t ^A / \V S ®*1 o\ ° J ( c i i ^ L°Ji 1 7° ^k*^ ° o Jl j y^ J / ~^ ^'J>r^Vr> *^- o / _7;0 i x — 7" / -J i'O o -/ s-^vL \^ 1/ 1 \\0 1 ' 7^ i/° *^*\{( I . I J O/ i (_ " /A U. — "" f • / ./^ .««. « y ^ 'S. V / joo / k \(o °u- X x n A go 4~ \ \ \-~-M f\ ' ^4>~ \ \ / />/ ° /^i\ \-&^ i dJoo ^5^^0 Gist and Frazkr Survey of Virginia in 1/49 MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS AND MAPS 131 after he was kild at Flint Top in 1748. No man tell Bowlegs what he think for he is the gard of peace and can hear and see an enemy two miles before any white man se them. It is known by many that Bowlegs did track one Lake Indian from Camp Sat Fish 2 to Turkee Foot Rock in the hours of darkness and return to this place when the sun was one hand high in the east. No word did he say of it only bad Indian look at Camp Cat Fish me kil him by French Creek. He a Frenchman Indian. Bad ah bad. He One Lake Indian. How many Indians Bowlegs killed no man knoweth but Bowlegs never did harm to white people so far as known at this time. Being by his count 89 years of time in the land and did battle at Flint Top in 1748 and did gide Christopher Gist to the Ohio country in 1749 and stated in 1751 he did go with Buck Eckerlin and brother and to Indians at Turkee Foot Camp to a place set up at mouth of east branch of Mohongalo River named Eckerlin Point in 1736 but set down as Gist point in 1747 and so it is to this day. Be it known that Bowlegs and Peter Charters with Buck Eckerlin and brother was the only people to behold the great Indian battle at Flint Top in 1748. They did behold the fite and did see Indians in great numbers on the 17th day and in 9th month in this year. Where upon Bowlegs did assail the enemy of Delaware inn battle and the Eckerlins being the only white man to behold this greatest of all Indian battles, did pas on to east side of Mohongalo River to Gist Homestead where they camped for some days before they trailed to Williamsburgh early in October 1748 it being set forth in public that the Eckerlins was killed by Indians on the cheat or east branch river made known to be not so in fact they being in Virginia in 1748. This statement being set down at this day and date in order to hold it for the Village of Delaware to be set up on this Tingooqua's Camp by self for a public village under the laws of Virginia as set forth by my hand at this time. C. Horn Added To The Document At A Later Date By C. Horn Plans and size of the Jacob Horn Block House was made by Alexander Block of Williamsburgh in the year 1768 by order of Virginia Council. Being twenty three wide thirty four feet long eleven and one half feet to top of wall line lower part seven and one half feet high the upper part being three and one half feet on wall line and man high in center with lookout ten by twelve feet by eight feet high roof to be one therd run. The lower part to be patetioned in center lengthwise and cross patetion to be nineteen feet from front wall with two doors three by seven feet and four windows two logs high. Lookout to have four portholes on all four sides door to have 132 THE HORN PAPERS lock bar and well pinned stockade fifty by seventy feet and eight feet round about the block Court House. Seat and bench for Justice and Clk. Camp Catfish Corte September 6th 1773 Be it known all ye settlers in Northwest Augusta County that by the poll made by Ord 12 of this Corte now made the Corte Record by Ord 27 ther being set down by the names of 377 Loyal Virgin settlers and 10 Bedford County settlers and 3 French settlers and 2 settlers not polled in person. This notis to ye all be known by Ord 38 of this Camp Catfish Corte this day September 6th in the year of our Lord, 1773. (signed) J. Horn, Justie C. Horn, Clk — recorder Camp Cat Fish Aug 4th Reed ten shillings in payment for road making to Tegarden Forts in the this date August 4th in the year of our Lord 1774. Reed in payment (signed) John Heaton. (On reverse) Camp Cat Fish Corte Payment in full made to John Heaton by me C. Horn August 4th, 1774 Camp Cat Fish 1774 — October 6 This day, I, C. Horn, have made this mark of survey to Tin- gooqua's battleground of Flint Top for my homestead under Virginia laws in and for Augusta County Colony of Virginia in bounds of fourteen hundred and fifty acres and thirty one parts. This land being the same that Christopher Gist and Father made much talk of at our old home at Snow Creek in 1760. I then made it understood that I desired Flint Top site for a home but did not think it would be settled in years and in 1772 when we came to Camp Cat Fish and Bowlegs trailed over the battlefield and made mention of all the Delaware Indians killed on September 17th and 18th, 1748, as Gist made mention of it was all covered with the bones of the dead Indians in the low ground on all the north side of Tingooqua's Creek and Cat Fish Run. The green trees were fired in 1748 by the Indians in battle and are marked by flint points by hundreds. Bowlegs claimed 12,000 Indians are killed on this land. Tingoo- qua and Wessemeking with Father Gist and the French man in 1751 gave the number of Indians engaged in battle to be 23,000. Indian MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS AND MAPS 133 warfare marked the site on Eckerlin and Gist Trail to Tingooqua Creek on trail crossing to Cat Fish Run to Indian Ridge by trail set up by the Delawares. This land being all timber on high ground. Tingooqua's band made camp near mouth of Cat Fish Run. The stone set by Gist in 1751 is now in place where Wessameking set camp in June of same year for the French mark. Spirit Spring has one of the stones set by Hardtman last year when he walled up this spring in September. (Map on reverse side of Flint Top Battle Field) Dated 1774. Queen Elizabeth Corte 1774 Jacob Horn Camp Cat Fish Spirit Spring It being well known that the Bedford settlers are making claims to his Majesty's lands on the river at old Ft. Jumonville on Redstone being treason to Virginia Justie Cox decree that all ye loyal Virginians as settled by Gist in 1763 that no man goeth over to the enemy for made to make it more in force. The Cat Fish Corte being by the trail to Hannastown the Bedford settlers can be whipped and drove over the mountains. Canon declare by the law he will hang every Bedford settler on Virginia Soil with Craw- ford and Hanna first. Georg Wlson being a trator Canon will have him burned for his crimes. This will make an end to the trouble. The place where the corte is set up is not one of but one of great to Virginia. The Bedford settlers being made of hard criminals you (u) will be only right (Cox?) to bring them into Corte and set them in bonds. Cat Fish Corte hold no fears for Hanna but now it is one of to them (signed) Joh Gibson. Queen Elizabeth Corte March 10, 1775 John Horn : By Ord Set by Cox Justie on the 7th Be you directed to Command One hundred Virginia Deputies to servis Captain Canon as Garde in servis to Hannastown in April by Ord 21st. Take you heed and set this servis to be April 3rd. By Ord of Canon Michel Church 134 THE HORN PAPERS Camp Cat Fish 1775 December 4 The Virginia Line as agreed upon and set down for the year of 1776 is now lawful place for said year the line being set on the place at mouth of Crooked Run on South Tingooqua Creek and this set all at los to Virginia at Camp Cat Fish and Augusta Town. But Canon and Cox declare the line as set down in October to be of no consideration on the part of ether Colony so be it, we are in Virginia same as in 1772. It being agreed by Virginia and Penns peepul that the French lead plate planted by Gist Jacob Horn and French serveys in 1751 be digged up and made in fact of be seing the sam lead plate wrer upon Jacob Horn Richard Yates Isaac Cox, John Canon with George Teegarden and Thomas Lee at Williamsburgh and Robert Wilson at Bedford did by the gide and knowledge of Jacob Horn go to Crooked Run in October this year and did dig up this French lead plate and all the men did behold this mark as set up by the French in 1751 and did plant it in the same like manner about four feet in the earth to forever as a mark to the French claims in 1748 to 1758, and all set his mark to this place as the Virginia line for the year 1776. C. Horn Augusta Town Ord Notice Of Patriots In Service April 1, 1777 Be it known that John Canon on being commissioned military commander did demand the name of every patriot set down in service of his country on April 1 and posted in public for all people on training day April 10, 1777. By and for the northwest district of Virginia. By Ord Augusta Town Corte John Canon Commander Homegards 8 — James Dougherty Elder Captain Archer 9 ~l° h " ^cCormick « T , ^ , 10 — Jacob Hickman 1 — Jacob Crouch J 2 — Abraham Hoge ^ , . Ci . tj 3— Zenas Mitchel Gards At St0re H ° USe A r> c ii Augusta lown 4 — George tellers 5 — Jacob Sellers 1 — Martin Hough 6 — David Hickman 2 — Jacob Hill 7 — Cephas Yoders 3 — Ace McMerty MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS AND MAPS 135 Virginia Militia 14 — Thomas Hews ~ t . r> TT .,, 15 — Dennis Rice Captain George Hill i 6 _R ober t Sair 1 — C. Horn 17 — George Campbell 2 — Acy Conwell 18 — John Crumrine 3 — Jack Morris 19 — Georg Allen 4 — Conrad Sycks 20 — John Heaton 5 — Georg Teegarden 6 — Daniel Moredock Gards at Powderhouse 7 — Christian Sellers < T , r? 8-Henry Huffman 1-Joseph Frye n c i r»i i 2 — James Scot 9 — Samuel Black ~ J n . . n tj.,, i a r» • XT- • 3 — Captain Georg Hill 10 — Resin Virgin r 6 1 1 — George Strossnider Captain Georg Hill 12 — Jacob O'Brine Gave 60 man command to Captain 13— Enoch O'Brine Mier in 1777. Be it known the afore names were posted at Augustatown as was made in orde of the Corte. Each man named being set down in the Virginia Roll Of Patriot Soldiers. I, C. Horn, by Canon's di- rection did witness the same at Augustatown on April 10, 1777, this being my record set down by law. C.Horn April, 1777 Augustatown May 4, 1777. By Ord of John Canon, Military Commander of Monongalia and Yohogania Counties Colony, Va., I, C. Horn, by his hand post the first cast of this patriot Ord to be set on door of Court House whereby all the settlers know ye the name of each patriot set down this day as being in war services on the first day hence. Patriot J. Morgan George Hup Andrew Scot Minor Hufman Wm. Beall John Henderson Jason Rice Silas Doty Jackson Morris William Crofford John George Strossnider Samuel Rush Gabril South Christian Sellers James O'Coner Jacob Sellers David Cline William Matson John Aimes David Black Joel Pentecost James Ely Charles Hacheus ( ?) 136 THE HORN PAPERS Frank Tenmile Martin McMullen Joseph Taylor Leonard Sellers William Jones George Kraft William Vanmetre Henry Barnard Joseph Mordock Peter Dunson David Cox Edward Pentree (?) John Russel John Bar Edward Cunningham William Ross Amos Carstoe (Garstoe) Jef Virgin Leonard Parkinson Will Jackson William Rosenberry John Hoge John Grim Barny Whitlay Stephen McClain Camp Catfish September 4 1773 Be it known that I Jacob Horn Justie do set the day of October 1 as the time for all Indians now in peace on Delaware claims to make known their and marks before Crofford marks you in the Nations tribe as inemis of the King and Colony. Set this day by Ord 40. Jacob Horn, Justie Camp Catfish Cort October 4, 1772 Ord 12. By order of the Commissioner at Williamsburgh this Corte is dirrected to take the name of each and every settler within the borders of Northwest Augusta County West of the Monongahela River, North to the dividing yaters of the Ohio River. All loyal Virginia settlers to be set down on the Corte record and all others be directed to leave this land on peril of their lives. The sheriff to make known the names of all persons in resistance after December 10, 1772 to the Corte. The homesteads of all settlers of agreement made with Christopher Gist to the year of 1766 to be set down as loyal Virginia claims. From the end of sed year to this time all homesteads settlers shall be made loyal by oath of loyalty to the King and the Royal Colony. All other settlers will be find whipped and driven from the land within the jourisdiction of this Corte. Jacob Horn, Justie in Chancery John Watson Clk. 1772. > MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS AND MAPS 137 Camp Catfish May 4th 1774 Bowlegs the Prophet Joshua's brother Opamolehu did die at the Queen Village in June two years hence. Bowlegs is now the one Delaware Indian to come to Spirit Spring. Bowlegs declare he will make his camp by the Spring where he lived since 1696. Bowlegs lerned much from Gist and Riley and Buck Eckerlin. One James Crow did bild his cabin on the Delaware village lands ten leagues to the West of the Council Stone being one of the outposts by the lands of the Shawanese. Bowlegs declare the French did bid the Shawanese to make war on the Delawares at this village in 1738 but Gist Eckerlin and Riley did each and all avowed to join the Delaware band and drive the Shawanese out of the lands whereupon they all did depart for their village on the Ohio River. Opamolehu did set the tribe much afraid smalpox on the Chiev. Bowlegs Shawanese say is one evil spirit. He say we all same Indians only French make Shawanese bad same as Lake Indians. The war Chief Wa-ha-wag-lo hatted all Shawanese for trading with the French. Now no other but peace Indians have been at Camp Catfish so far as be it known since in 1748. Bowlegs declare will trail here so long as he is on the trail. C. Horn Be it known to the Court, and to the County of North West Augusta, the undersigned persons do here set forth their legal lawful claims to the provisions made by the General Assembly to the Owners and Maintainers, of duly erected forts on the Western frontier borders for protection of all settles in time of threatened danger from Indians engagements, by an allowance of 50 per annual, for 1772 to 1774. By, and under said Act, we petition for such allowance, by order of the Court. Signed. Captain John Seals Henry Vanmetre Samuel Jackson John Rice George Morris Robert Lemley Daniel Ryerson John Huston George Teegarden James Lindley Richard Hickman Zacharia Martin Robert Morris Jackson Henderson Michael Snider Michael McClelland James Moredock 138 THE HORN PAPERS Statement sworn to by Captain John Seals, October 4th, 1772, in open Court at Camp Cat Fish before Judge Jacob Horn, Judge in Chancery, and John Canon Councilor. I, John Seals, Sen, born in Jersey, October 21st, 1701, a lawful and loyal Planter of the Royal Colony of Virginia from 1728, to this day, served in the late French and Indian War, as a private, subordinate teamster, under Major Washington, in 1754, and raised to Captain in 1755. Marched under the orders of General Edward Braddock, to Dunbar, and there guarded entrained sup- plies, and I was at the Battle of Quebec, therefore an English subject. In 1761, I became a Vrginia frontier border settler on South Tingooqua Waters, above White Rocks, and built the strongest fort now standing in this Virginia County, and keep it open to all Virginia subjects in time of threatened Indian Raids therefore the 50 Sterling Claims petitioned for, from the Colony is to be used for supplies, only for the public use when quartered in the safety of Fort Seals. Sworn to and subscribed to by Capt. John Seals, this day Oct. 4th, 1772. C. Horn, Clerk. John Canon Councillor. Revolutionary War Soldiers Names of the Settlers in the Revolutionary War 1775 to 1781, as Posted By Christopher Horn, Samuel McCullough, and William Myers at Augusta Town from 1775 to 1781, as directed by Col. John Canon, and Zacwell Morgan. 1775 — Captain Michael Cresap Senior's Rifle Corps, Marched from Fort Teegarden via Wells Creek, to Boston in September, 1775. 1. Thomas Brown 11. Samuel Martin 2. Jacob Clarstow 12. John Alley 3. Joseph Brown 13. Jacob Beeson 4. John Allen 14. Henry Beeson 5. William Allen 15. Richard Dyce 6. Ichabod Ashcroft 16. Hiram Teegarden 7. Jeremiah Beeks 17. William Harris, Sen 8. Richard Ankrom 18. Pattrick O'Brine 9. John Burris 19. David Blair 10. Michael Cresap, Jr. 20. David McGuire MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS AND MAPS 139 21. Frank Ten Mile 52. David Fox 22. Thomas Nichols S3. Richard Weaver, Jr. 23. Edward Giles 54. Abner Howell, Lieu't II 24. George Zellar Sellars SS. David Shepard 25. Henry Clinton 56. Jesse Virgin 26. David Cox 57. Isaac Teegarden 27. Richard Cox 58. John Miller (Miller Run) 28. James Bailey 59. William Stewart 29. Robert Arnold 60. John Gibson 30. John Rice, Jr. 61. Daniel Morgan 31. Jacob Wiseacre 62. John Glasgow 33. Cornlious O'Conor 63. William Minor 34. David Black 64. Jacob Dillinger 35. James Russell 6S. James Rush, Jr. 36. John Roggers 66. Jacob Yardley 37. David Rogers 61. David Owen 38. David Barns 68. Leonard Rice 39. George Garrison 69. Richard Ebberhart 40. James Kincaid 70. John Pennock 41. George Hill 71. Robert Patterson 42. Peter Morris 72. John Seals, Jr. 43. George Heather 73. Robert Anton 44. Edward Ward, Lieu't I 74. James Brice 45. John Keigher 75. Edward Taylor 46. James Rhodes 76. Robert Casteel 47. James Rush 77. Joseph Mains 48. George South 78. Hugh West 49. Henry Jackson 79. McHenry Neel 50. Samuel Fulton 80. William Findley 51. Demas Benington Posted List set by John Cannon's front Post line, by I, Jacob Horn on this 27 day of September — 1775. My seal, List of Rev. War Soldiers posted at Augusta Town, by Samuel McCullough, November 10th, 1775, by order of Col. John Canon as set forth by the Col. of Virginia. Lewis Clarstow George Beeks William Lemley Casper Beeson Jacob Beeson 1. John Artman 6, 2. Samuel Clinton 8, 3. Christopher Horn 9 4. Jacob Wiever, Jr. 10 5. Samuel Pierson 11 140 THE HORN PAPERS 12. Robert Ailse 25. George Seals 13. George Brown 26. John Corbley 14. John Allen 27. William Syckes 15. Jacob Dillinger 28. Lewis Headlee 16. John Bell 29. George Stone 17. Roger Beall 30. David Bonnett 19. Henry Enochs 31. Samuel Lappin 20. Samuel Clarke 32. George Black 21. Morgan Cline 33. John Henderson 22. George Cowell 34. Caleb Grimes 24. John Boreman 3S. Hugh Jackson 23. Peter Boreman 36. George Boone Samuel McCullough, Postman By his Seal # Nov. 10th, 1775. List of Rev. War Soldiers posted at Augusta Town, April 6th, 1776 by C. Horn as directed by Col. John Canon, and David Mor- gan, Esq. 1. Resin Virgin 25. Robert Fulton, Jr. 2. Edward Ward 27. Michael Snider 3. Isaac Cox 28. Jacob Dowell 4. James Yeates 29. Jacob Statler 5. John Horn 30. Eli Lantz 7. Peter Bryan 31. Bazil Lemley 8. Eli Leonard 33. John Heims 9. David Rose 34. Samuel Keighley 10. James Rice 31. Cornelius Brackenridge 11. James Price 32. Jacob Sellers 12. John Moredock 33. William Hickman 13. Samuel Anderson 34. John Huges (The Pines) 15. John Morris 3S. John Hewses 14. Samuel Jackson (Harrods Flats) 16. Yerkis Cowell 36. Peter Davis 17. James Morand 37. Thomas Ackford 18. William Heaton 38. Ephson Brownsfield 19. Samuel Patterson 39. John Carr. 20. Bernard Eckerlin (Scouts) 40. Edward Taylor 21. Thomas Eckerlin 41. John Teegarden (Range Scouts) 42. Edward Thomas 22. John Whetsel 43. Edward Doughty 23. David Canon 44. Robert Doughty 24. James Huston 45. Gabriel Cox MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS AND MAPS 141 46. Henry Enix 56. Jacob Ruch 47. John Moore 57. Azriah Davis 48. Samuel Moore 58. David Ryerson 49. Robert Orndorff 59. William Ryerson 50. Zephaniah Johnson 60. George Ryerson 51. Jacob Ely (Virginia Militia. 52. George Ely Captain, Andrew Heathe. S3. James Sair Lieutenant, James Yeates. 54. Robert Sair Chaplin, John Corbley. SS. James Milliken Volunter Service for year of 1776.) 11 /tefl of Trv// J W 7iir~/cey foot /?oc£ ^^ Caf/z